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1 NEW HOMES2 preface Readers and applicants should note that the requirements and recommendations within this guide are based upon sound research. ACPO SBD are continually re-evaluating the effectiveness of Secured by Design and respond to new research findings and make amendments accordingly. This 2010 edition of the guidance incorporates several new and improved security standards that have been recently developed to address emerging criminal methods of attack. The guidance has also been closely scrutinised by independent experts to ensure that it complements the Code for Sustainable Homes. ACPO SBD places great importance upon the need to build sustainable communities. This not only includes the need to use environmentally friendly materials, construction and operational methods, but also the need to raise awareness of the reduction of crime as a positive sustainability issue. The authors are always ready to receive and respond to constructive criticism and if necessary make alterations to the guidance providing this is based upon evidence. Should you wish to contribute to this or any of the Secured by Design guides please contact our head office by at Cover image: Upton Site C, Northamptonshire for David Wilson Homes - copyright HTA 23 Introduction Secured by Design (SBD) is a police initiative to guide and encourage those engaged within the specification, design and build of new homes to adopt crime prevention measures in new development. The advice given in this guide has been proven to reduce the opportunity for crime and the fear of crime, creating safer, more secure and sustainable environments. Secured by Design is owned by the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and is supported by the Home Office and Communities and Local Government (CLG) Recent research conservatively estimates the carbon cost of crime within the UK to be in the region of 6,000,000 tonnes of CO2. This is roughly equivalent to the total CO2 output of 6 million UK homes. At current domestic burglary rates the marginal carbon costs of building a home to SBD standards will be recovered within four years. Scope The 2010 edition of SBD New Homes addresses the community safety and security requirements for most types of housing development including individual houses, housing estates and low rise apartment blocks up to a maximum of five stories above ground level. The design and layout and physical security sections of this edition can be applied to both new and refurbished homes, regardless of their existing or future tenure. Additional information for sheltered housing projects and high rise developments is available in separate design guides available from the Secured by Design website. The environmental benefits of Secured by Design are fully supported by independent research proving that SBD housing developments suffer at least 50% less burglary, 25% less vehicle crime and 25% less criminal damage. Therefore the carbon costs of replacing windows or doorsets on SBD developments as a result of criminal activity is more than 50% less than that of non-sbd developments. These impressive crime reductions have been achieved through the adherence to well researched and effective design solutions (contained within Section 1) and the use of building products, such as doors and windows, that have independent third party certification to police preferred specifications (contained within Section 2). It therefore follows that Secured by Design certification can only be awarded to a development that meets the relevant requirements of both these sections. If you would like to apply for Secured by Design certification, please use the SBD New Homes application form: 34 Contents SECTION 01: THE DEVELOPMENT LAYOUT & DESIGN (Planning Issues) ClauSE 1 preface 2 IntroductION 3 ScopE Policy and strategic guidance in support of Secured by Design 5 - Safer Places The Planning System and Crime Prevention 5 - Design & Access StatementS 7 - Code for Sustainable HOMES 8 - Homes and Communities Agency (HCA) Layout of roads and footpaths Through-roads and cul-de-sacs Footpath design Planting next to a footpath Seating next to footpaths Lighting of footpaths Footpaths on phased developments Communal areas Dwelling boundaries 20 - Front boundaries 20 - Access gates to rear gardens or yards 20 - Side and rear boundaries 20 - Fencing in high crime vulnerable areas 23 - Sub-divisional boundaries Layout and orientation of dwellings Gable end walls Rear access paths Dwelling identification Climbing aids Car parking Underground car parking PlantING Street lighting 32 45 1 Policy and strategic guidance in support of Secured by Design Secured by Design principles reflect the established principles of designing out crime. The application of these principles, the design details and specifications for the particular development, must be agreed between the developer and/or the developer s agent and the police Crime Prevention Design Adviser (CPDA) or Architectural Liaison Officer (ALO). All subsequent references within this guidance will refer to the application of the process being administered and delivered by the CPDA. Local planning conditions, crime risk assessment and other statutory provisions may influence the measures to be adopted. Examples are detailed in the Communities and Local Government Guide Safer Places The Planning System & Crime Prevention, available at: newhomesapplicationform2010.pdf 1.1 For Scotland, PAN 77 Designing Safer Places applies, available at & in Wales TAN 12 applies, available at In Northern Ireland Secured by Design is referenced in the government guidance for new buildings. 1.2 The advice given by the CPDA will be dependent upon the outcome of a crime risk analysis and an understanding of local crime occurrence. Consequently, specific measures recommended to address particular types of crime may vary from one site to another. It is important to note that the national SBD guidelines are minimum requirements and in areas of higher risk, greater crime resistance will be required. Therefore it is inevitable that the advice given to design professionals may occasionally vary according to crime risk whilst still maintaining a consistent approach. Safer Places The Planning System and Crime Prevention 1.3 Creating a sense of place where residents and legitimate users are able to go about their daily routine without unduly fearing crime or insecurity is a key element of the Secured by Design initiative for New Homes. 1.4 The following sections (1.5 to 1.8 inclusive) have been extracted from Safer Places The Planning System and Crime Prevention, a planning guidance document issued by the Home Office and the ODPM (now the CLG) for England and referenced by Planning Policy Statement 1 (PPS 1). The police service supports the seven attributes contained within Safer Places, listed below, and therefore developers must demonstrate that all of the attributes have been considered and applied within the design of the development regardless of the geographical location within the United Kingdom. 1.5 Crime and anti-social behaviour are more likely to occur if the following seven attributes of sustainable communities are not incorporated: Access and movement: places with well defined and well used routes with spaces and entrances that provide for convenient movement without compromising security 5 56 Structure: places that are structured so that different uses do not cause conflict Surveillance: places where all publicly accessible spaces are overlooked Ownership: places that promote a sense of ownership, respect, territorial responsibility and community Physical protection: places that include necessary, well-designed security features Activity: places where the level of human activity is appropriate to the location and creates a reduced risk of crime and a sense of safety at all times Management and maintenance: places that are designed with management and maintenance in mind, to discourage crime in the present and the future 1.6 Encouraging residents and legitimate users of places to feel a sense of ownership and responsibility for their surroundings can make an important contribution to community safety and crime prevention. 1.7 When it is unclear whether space is public or private it is difficult to determine what is acceptable behaviour. Where private space is easily accessible to people who have no right to be there and when a place feels like it is not under the supervision of local residents; an offender s presence in the area will not attract attention and is therefore unlikely to be challenged. 67 1.8 This can be facilitated by clarity in where public space ends and where communal, semi-private or private space begins. Uncertainty of ownership can reduce responsibility and increase the likelihood of crime and anti-social behaviour going unchallenged. (Safer Places - The Planning System and Crime Prevention Home Office and ODPM 2004) Design & Access Statements 1.9 Compliance with the government backed Secured by Design award scheme criteria can be a major indication that a scheme proposal has adequately addressed the crime prevention component required to be included in Design and Access Statements (DAS) Communities and Local Government (CLG) circular 1/2006 Guidance on changes to the Development Control System emphasises the PPS1 policy that a key objective for new developments should be that they create safe and accessible environments where crime and disorder or fear of crime does not undermine quality of life or community cohesion. Clause 87 of this document states unequivocally that Design and Access Statements for outline and detailed planning applications should therefore demonstrate how crime prevention measures have been considered in the design of the proposal and how the design reflects the attributes of safe sustainable places set out in Safer Places the planning system and crime prevention (Home Office/ODPM 2003). As crime has a potentially adverse economic, social and environmental impact upon a development, and PPS1 requires such impacts to be avoided or mitigated, it should be afforded due consideration within the DAS. Insufficient or inadequate crime prevention information within the DAS may hinder the application. Applicants should pay particular attention to key issues such as the scale of the development, layout, landscaping, appearance and context of the development. 7 78 1.11 The government planning document Safer Places which should inform all DAS can be found at: Information and advice on crime risk and site specific crime prevention design criteria are available free of charge to planning applicants compiling a DAS from the local police CPDA whose contact details may be found via the home page of the Secured by Design website: professionals/design_advisors.aspx 1.13 A DAS that addresses crime enables the applicant to demonstrate to the planning authority an awareness of the crime and disorder problems in the area of the application and, importantly, shows precisely what measures are being taken to alleviate these problems. In many cases compliance with Secured by Design guidance and specifications will deliver solutions (Note 1.13). Note 1.13: Paragraph 69 of Planning Policy Statement 3 (PPS3): Housing says In general, in deciding planning applications, Local Planning Authorities should have regard to: - Achieving high quality housing. Achieving Secured by Design may indicate a commitment, by the Developer, to meet this objective of PPS 3. An SBD guidance booklet on design and access statements can be downloaded at Homes and Communities Agency (HCA) 1.15 Secured by Design carries the full support of the Homes and Communities Agency (HCA), which now incorporates what was the Housing Corporation. The Housing Corporation s Design and Quality Strategy and Standards documents relate directly to Secured by Design and the National Affordable Housing Programme, to which these documents relate, still exist as an HCA legacy programme. The specific requirements for Secured by Design are specified below. Housing Corporation Design and Quality Strategy, Page 18, states Secured by Design: The Code [The Code for Sustainable Homes] is written in a manner that allows the achievement of the various Code levels (star ratings) utilising a range of optional, tradable criteria. In recognition of the importance of ensuring that the developments we support create safe living environments, all grant funded schemes will be required to achieve the maximum available points for security in addition to achieving Code level 3. Housing Corporation Design and Quality Standards, Page 21 states (under Safety and Security) Obtain Secured by Design certification wherever possible Code for Sustainable Homes 1.14 The Code for Sustainable Homes (DCLG 2007) awards points to developments that have met the requirements of Secured by Design New Homes, Section 2. Please refer to the SBD New Homes application form. 89 2 Layout of roads and footpaths 2.1 Vehicular and pedestrian routes should be designed to ensure that they are visually open, direct and well used. They should not undermine the defensible space of neighbourhoods. Design features can help to identify the acceptable routes through a development, thereby encouraging their use, and in doing so enhance the feeling of safety. Where it is desirable to limit access/use to residents and their legitimate visitors, features such as rumble strips, change of road surface (by colour or texture), pillars, brick piers or narrowing of the carriageway may be used. This helps to define the defensible space, psychologically giving the impression that the area beyond is private. 9 910 3 Through-roads and cul-de-sacs 3.1 There are advantages in some road layout patterns over others especially where the pattern frustrates the searching behaviour and escape desire of the criminal. Whilst it is accepted that through routes will be included within development layouts the designer must ensure that the development s security is not compromised by excessive permeability, such as allowing the criminal legitimate access to the rear or side boundaries of dwellings or providing too many or unnecessary segregated footpaths (Note 3.1). Overlooking of the street from the dwellings and a high level of street activity are desirable, but are no guarantee of lower crime, which evidence proves is achieved through the control and limitation of permeability. Note 3.1: Safer Places The Planning System and Crime Prevention states, under Access and Movement (page 16), routes for pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles should, in most cases, run alongside one another, and not be segregated. Movement frameworks based upon primary routes and shared spaces, remove the need for under-used alleyways, short-cuts, footpaths and a large number of minor access points that can become vulnerable to or facilitate crime. A review of available research in this area concluded that: Neighbourhood permeability is one of the community level design features most reliably linked to crime rates, and the connections operate consistently in the same direction across studies: more permeability, more crime. Several studies across several decades link neighbourhood property crime rates with permeability versus inaccessibility of neighbourhood layout. Neighbourhoods with smaller streets or more one-way streets, or fewer entrance streets or with more turnings have lower property crime rates Source: Taylor R B 2002 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED): Yes, No, Maybe, Unknowable, and all of the above in Bechtel RB (ed) Handbook of Environmental Psychology, John Wiley, New York, Pages Cited by Professor Ted Kitchen Sheffield Hallam University11 3.2 Cul-de-sacs that are short in length and not linked by footpaths can be very safe environments in which residents benefit from lower crime. Research shows that features that generate crime within cul-de-sacs invariably incorporate one or more of the following undesirable features: backing onto open land, railway lines, canal towpaths etc, and/or are very deep linked to one another by footpaths. If any of the above features are present in a development, additional security measures may be required. Footpaths linking cul-de-sacs to one another can be particularly problematic, and in such cases the layout may need to be re-considered12 4 Footpath design 4.1 Routes for pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles should not be segregated from one another. Networks of separate footpaths to unsupervised areas facilitate crime and anti-social behaviour and should also be avoided. 4.2 Public footpaths should not run to the rear of, and provide access to gardens, rear yards or dwellings as these have been proven to generate crime. 4.3 Where a segregated footpath is unavoidable, for example a public right of way, an ancient field path or heritage route, designers should consider making the footpath a focus of the development and ensure that it is: as straight as possible wide well lit (see clause 7) devoid of potential hiding places overlooked by surrounding buildings and activities Physical barriers may also have to be put in place where desire lines (unsanctioned direct routes) place pedestrians in danger, such as at busy road junctions. It is important that the pedestrian has good visibility along the route of the footpath. The footpath should be as much designed as the buildings. 4.4 Where isolated footpaths are unavoidable, and where space permits, they should be at least 3 metres wide (to allow people to pass without infringing personal space), with at least a 2 metre verge on either side. If footpaths are designated as an emergency access route they must be wide enough to allow the passage of emergency and service vehicles and have lockable barriers. 4.5 If a pedestrian subway is necessary and there are no other alternative routes it should be as wide and as short as possible, well lit, with a clear line of sight to the exit. Chamfering the access points can help reduce areas of concealment. Radius (convex) entrance/exit walls can reduce the length of the subway and the opportunity for inappropriate loitering. The designer should consider wall finishes that enable easy removal of graffiti. 1213 13 1314 5 Planting next to a footpath 5.1 In general, planting next to a footpath should begin at the outer edge of the verge, starting with low growing plants with taller shrubs and trees to the rear. Planting immediately abutting the path should generally be avoided as shrubs and trees have a tendency to grow over the path creating pinch points, places of concealment and unnecessary maintenance. 5.2 Where footpaths run next to buildings or roads the path should be open to view. This does not prevent planting, but will influence the choice of species and the density of planting. Public footpaths should not run immediately next to doors and windows, therefore buffer zones should be created to separate a path from a building elevation. This is particularly important in areas with a known graffiti or anti-social behaviour problem where the use of defensive planting may be appropriate. 5.3 Careful selection of plant species is critical in order not to impede natural surveillance and to avoid an unnecessarily high maintenance requirement. Some hedging plants, for example, will require trimming twice a year, whereas other species might only need one visit every two years. Trees on appropriate root stocks can provide a more reliable means of reducing the likelihood of impeding natural surveillance. The potential cost savings of a reduced maintenance requirement could be substantial. 1415 Who is most likely to be using the footpath? For example, is it likely to be used by elderly people? Can it be made more/less attractive to certain groups of users by the way it is designed? Is the footpath required simply as a means for travelling from one place to another without stopping? Is it the intention to encourage stopping and social interaction at particular points along the footpath? Would seating encourage or attract inappropriate loiterers such as drinkers or drug users? Is vandal resistant seating necessary? Should seating be placed right next to the path or set at the back of the verge? Seating next to a footpath 6.1 Before placing any seating (or structure capable of being used for seating) next to a footpath, always consider the context in terms of the physical and social environment. Seating can be a valuable amenity or a focus for anti-social behaviour. In some parts of the country there may not be a problem, in others seating may have to be provided only after careful consideration. On the same footpath, seating at one point may be a focus for trouble. Whereas at a different point on the same footpath, perhaps with better natural surveillance, it may be trouble-free. Where existing seating appears to be a problem, relocation is often an option worth exploring. The following specific points should be considered: 6.2 Where seating is necessary and inappropriate loitering is a problem consider the use of single seats or stools set several metres apart to deter congregation. In some locations the use of leaning bars might be more appropriate than seats. Where the path includes a wide verge it may be most appropriate to position the seat to the back of the verge (avoid creating a climbing aid). Creating space between pedestrians and inappropriate loiterers can help reduce the fear associated with having to walk past and thus promote legitimate use of the route16 7 Lighting of footpaths 7.1 The need for lighting will be determined by local circumstances. In an inner city environment the lighting of a footpath is generally only effective in reducing crime levels (or preventing them from rising) if it is matched with a high degree of natural surveillance from surrounding buildings where reaction to an identified incident can be expected i.e. a witness calls the police, or the footpath is well used. The lighting of an underused footpath may give the user a false sense of security. If there is a history of crime along an existing footpath, or where the additional connectivity due to the development could attract criminal or anti-social behaviour, it might make more sense to close the path at night rather than light it. It is accepted that this would only be an option in exceptional circumstances. 7.2 Footpaths that are to include lighting should be lit to the relevant levels as defined in BS 5489 (Note 7.2). It is important that the landscape architect and lighting engineer co-ordinate their plans. This will help avoid problems such as conflict between lighting and tree canopies. Note 7.2: BS 5489 has been developed from EN and other European lighting standards. The British Standards reflect the elements of European Standards that are considered to be the minimum level required within the United Kingdom. Please also see 19.1 and 19.6 with regard to dark sky policies and light pollution. 1617 8 Footpaths on Phased developments 8.1 Where the completion of a footpath will be delayed because of phased development or long term planning policy, it may be best to safeguard the land required for the footpath link, but fence it off and not actually construct the path until such time as the full connection can be made. This will avoid in the short to medium term the creation of an underused and possibly isolated movement route18 9 Communal areas 9.1 Communal areas, such as playgrounds and seating areas have the potential to generate crime, the fear of crime and anti-social behaviour. They should be designed to allow supervision from nearby dwellings with safe routes for users to come and go. Boundaries between public and private space should be clearly defined and open spaces must have features which prevent unauthorised vehicular access. Communal spaces as described above should not immediately abut residential buildings. 9.2 The provision of public open amenity space, as an integral part of new residential developments, should make a valuable contribution towards the quality of the development and the character of the neighbourhood. In order to do this it must be carefully located and designed to suit its intended purpose mere residual space unwanted by the developer is very unlikely to be acceptable. In particular: The open space must be designed with due regard for natural surveillance, and Adequate mechanisms and resources must be put in place to ensure its satisfactory future management, and Care should be taken to ensure that a lone dwelling will not be adversely affected by the location of the amenity space It should be noted that positioning amenity/play space to the rear of dwellings can increase the potential for crime and complaints arising from increased noise and nuisance. For further reference see Better Places to Live by Design, companion guide to PPG3 available at planningandbuilding/pdf/ pdf 1819 9.3 Toddler play areas should ideally be designed so that they can be secured at night. This is to reduce the amount of damage and graffiti that occurs after dark. The type of fencing and security measures will need to vary to suit the particular area. Fencing at a minimum height of 1200mm can often discourage casual entry and reduce damage to a useful extent. The specific requirements must be discussed with the CPDA. 9.4 Consideration should be given to the provision of informal association spaces for members of the community, particularly young people. These must be subject to surveillance but sited so that local residents will not suffer from possible noise pollution. In addition, they should be sited in such a way that those using adjacent foot and cycle paths will not be subject to harassment or otherwise be put in fear. Further information about shelters for young people can be obtained from publications/planningandbuilding/betterplaces 9.5 External communal drying spaces should be enclosed and have secured access via a locked gate so that they are only accessible to residents. The CPDA will provide advice in respect to fencing, gate construction and locking. 9.6 The Code for Sustainable Homes awards 1 credit for the provision of private or semi-private outdoor space (Hea 3) and states that the space must be designed in a way that makes it clear that the space is only to be used by occupants of designated dwelling(s). This could be achieved by using the buildings themselves, fencing, planting or other barrier to seal off the space. It is a requirement of Secured by Design that such space, whether provided under the Code or not is so secured and the CPDA will provide the necessary guidance. The Code states that outdoor space could be a private garden, a communal garden or courtyard, balconies, roof terraces or patios20 10 Dwelling boundaries Front boundaries 10.1 It is important that the boundary between public and private areas is clearly indicated. For the majority of housing developments, it will be desirable for dwelling frontages to be open to view, so walls, fences and hedges will need to be kept low or alternatively feature a combination of wall (maximum height 1 metre) and railings or timber picket fence if a more substantial front boundary is required by the CPDA In some cases, although not ideal or recommended, a dwelling may immediately front a public footpath, road or other public area. Whilst it is accepted that it is not possible to erect a formal boundary, it is highly likely that the CPDA will require the security of doors and windows to be upgraded to reflect the vulnerability of the dwelling Front garden planting of feature shrubs and suitable trees (e.g. open branched or light foliage or columnar habit etc) will also be acceptable provided they are set back from paths and placed to avoid obstructing visibility of doors windows and access gates to the rear of the property Generous hard paving (of a type that is permeable to allow rainwater to easily drain away) to the front of the dwelling may reduce the likelihood of any planting growing to excess and obscuring vulnerable areas. Access gates to rear gardens or yards 10.5 Gates to the side of the dwelling that provide access to rear gardens or yards must be robustly constructed of timber, be the same height as the fence (minimum height 1.8m) and be lockable. Such gates must be located on or as near to the front of the building line as possible. Side and rear boundaries 10.6 Vulnerable areas, such as side and rear gardens, need more robust defensive barriers by using walls or fencing to a minimum height of 1.8m. There may be circumstances where more open fencing is required to allow for greater surveillance. Trellis topped fencing can be useful in such circumstances. Additional deterrent features such as increasing the height of fencing or planting thorny shrubs may be considered as an alternative It is expected that developers will install fencing to a high standard to ensure the security and longevity of the boundary. A high quality fence that lasts for a long time will provide security and reduce overall maintenance costs for residents or landlords. A fence that has a long predicted life is also more sustainable. For this reason the SBD requirement for fencing will be as follows with effect from 1 st January However whilst it is expected that it may be difficult to meet the entire specification now, there is an expectation that developers will strive to achieve compliance with as many of the attributes as possible with immediate effect: 20 View more
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Introduction This advice leaflet has been produced to help in the planning of your house extension, by identifying the main points to consider, in order to achieve an acceptable proposal. This leaflet More information MAGNA PARK Extension. Report. DHL SUPPLY CHAIN: External Lighting Strategy. June 2015. www.brookfieldlogisticsproperties.com
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Civic Offices Havant Hampshire PO9 2AX Tel (023)9247 4174 Fax(023)9244 6588 DX50005 Havant www.havant.gov.uk To: ADP Architects Ltd Richmond Court 94 Botley Road Park Gate Southampton, Hants SO311BA For: More information SCHEDULE 16 TO THE SPECIAL USE ZONE. Shown on the planning scheme map as SUZ16. BALLARAT RAILWAY STATION PRECINCT. Purpose
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Authorised by : Parks & Gardens Manager Page 1 of 5 PART 7: STREET LANDSCAPING 7.1 INTRODUCTION This section applies to all proposed road reserve landscape design or works in any part of the Hamilton City More information 2017 © DocPlayer.net Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Feedback