Source: https://www.nationalgangcenter.gov/Legislation/Prosecution
Timestamp: 2017-06-24 22:20:37
Document Index: 463402805

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1231', 'art 1', '§ 1231', '§ 1231', '§ 1231', '§ 1231', '§ 13519', '§ 13826', '§ 13826', '§ 13826', '§ 16', '§ 16', '§ 705', '§ 725', '§ 9', '§ 2', '§ 2', '§ 14', '§ 14', '§ 14', '§ 22', '§ 40', '§ 40', '§ 40', 'Art. 42', '§ 421', '§ 71', '§ 19', '§ 9']

Gang-Related Legislation—Gang Prosecution
6. If the juvenile committed the alleged offense while participating in, assisting, promoting, or furthering the interests of a criminal street gang, a criminal syndicate, or a racketeering enterprise. California (view all subjects for this state)
California Evid Code § 1231. Exception to hearsay rule
Evidence of a prior statement made by a declarant is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the declarant is deceased and the proponent of introducing the statement establishes each of the following:
(a) The statement relates to acts or events relevant to a criminal prosecution under provisions of the California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act (Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 186.20) of Title 7 of Part 1 of the Penal Code).
(b) A verbatim transcript, copy, or record of the statement exists. A record may include a statement preserved by means of an audio or video recording or equivalent technology.
(c) The statement relates to acts or events within the personal knowledge of the declarant.
(d) The statement was made under oath or affirmation in an affidavit; or was made at a deposition, preliminary hearing, grand jury hearing, or other proceeding in compliance with law, and was made under penalty of perjury.
(e) The declarant died from other than natural causes.
(f) The statement was made under circumstances that would indicate its trustworthiness and render the declarant's statement particularly worthy of belief. For purposes of this subdivision, circumstances relevant to the issue of trustworthiness include, but are not limited to, all of the following:
(1) Whether the statement was made in contemplation of a pending or anticipated criminal or civil matter, in which the declarant had an interest, other than as a witness.
(2) Whether the declarant had a bias or motive for fabricating the statement, and the extent of any bias or motive.
(4) Whether the statement was a statement against the declarant’s interest. California Evid Code § 1231.1. Intent to offer statement
A statement is admissible pursuant to Section 1231 only if the proponent of the statement makes known to the adverse party the intention to offer the statement and the particulars of the statement sufficiently in advance of the proceedings to provide the adverse party with a fair opportunity to prepare to meet the statement. California Evid Code § 1231.2. Peace officer administering oath
A peace officer may administer and certify oaths for purposes of this article. California Evid Code § 1231.3. Law enforcement experience requirement
Any law enforcement officer testifying as to any hearsay statement pursuant to this article shall either have five years of law enforcement experience or have completed a training course certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training which includes training in the investigation and reporting of cases and testifying at preliminary hearings and trials. California Evid Code § 1231.4. Statement to jury
If evidence of a prior statement is introduced pursuant to this article, the jury may not be told that the declarant died from other than natural causes, but shall merely be told that the declarant is unavailable. California Pen Code § 13519.5. Gang and Drug Law Enforcement Training
The commission shall, on or before July 1, 1991, implement a course or courses of instruction to provide ongoing training to the appropriate peace officers on methods of gang and drug law enforcement. California Pen Code § 13826.2. (Operation Contingent) Enhanced Prosecution Efforts
(d) Measures taken in coordination with law enforcement agencies to protect cooperating witnesses from intimidation or retribution at the hands of gang members or associates. California Pen Code § 13826.3. (Operation Contingent) Individuals Subject to Gang Violence Prosecution Efforts
(c) For purposes of this chapter, gang violence prosecution includes both criminal prosecutions and proceedings in Juvenile Court in which a petition is filed pursuant to Section 602 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. California Pen Code § 13826.4. (Operation Contingent) Enhanced Law Enforcement Efforts
(4) Maintaining statistical information pertaining to gang related criminal activity. Colorado (view all subjects for this state)
Colorado § 16-21-103. Information on Offenders Required; Duties of Law Enforcement Agencies; Court
(2) (a) A law enforcement agency that requests the filing of any criminal case shall submit to the district attorney the arresting agency’s name, the offender’s full name and date of birth, the charge or charges being requested, the investigating agency’s case number, and the date of arrest and the arrest number. In addition, the law enforcement agency shall submit to the district attorney any relevant information about the offender’s affiliation or association with gangs or gang activities. Georgia (view all subjects for this state)
A conviction of an offense defined as criminal gang activity shall estop the defendant in any subsequent civil action or proceeding as to matters proved in the criminal proceeding. Georgia § 16-15-9. Commission of offense admissible as evidence of existence of criminal street gang and criminal gang activity
The commission of any offense enumerated in paragraph (1) of Code Section 16-15-3 by any member or associate of a criminal street gang shall be admissible in any trial or proceeding for the purpose of proving the existence of the criminal street gang and criminal gang activity. Illinois (view all subjects for this state)
Illinois § 705 ILCS 405/5-805. Transfer of jurisdiction
(a) If the State's Attorney files a petition, at any time prior to commencement of the minor's trial, to permit prosecution under the criminal laws and the petition alleges a minor 15 years of age or older of an act that constitutes a forcible felony under the laws of this State, and if a motion by the State's Attorney to prosecute the minor under the criminal laws of Illinois for the alleged forcible felony alleges that (i) the minor has previously been adjudicated delinquent or found guilty for commission of an act that constitutes a forcible felony under the laws of this State or any other state and (ii) the act that constitutes the offense was committed in furtherance of criminal activity by an organized gang, and, if the juvenile judge assigned to hear and determine motions to transfer a case for prosecution in the criminal court determines that there is probable cause to believe that the allegations in the petition and motion are true, there is a rebuttable presumption that the minor is not a fit and proper subject to be dealt with under the Juvenile Justice Reform Provisions of 1998 (Public Act 90-590), and that, except as provided in paragraph (b), the case should be transferred to the criminal court. Illinois § 725 ILCS 5/106-2.5. Use Immunity
(c) As used in this Section, "streetgang" and "gang-related" have the meanings ascribed to them in Section 10 of the Illinois Streetgang Terrorism Omnibus Prevention Act. Kentucky (view all subjects for this state)
(3) Once the initial combination of five (5) or more persons is formed, the number or identity of persons remaining in the gang is immaterial as long as four (4) or more persons in the gang, excluding the defendant, are involved in a continuing pattern of criminal activity as defined in KRS 506.140 constituting a violation of KRS 506.140. Maryland (view all subjects for this state)
(4) If the defendant has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor that is related to the defendant’s membership in a criminal gang, as defined in § 9-801 of the Criminal Law Article, the report may include information regarding the group affiliation of the defendant. Nebraska (view all subjects for this state)
(2) Prior to filing a petition alleging that a juvenile is a juvenile as described in subdivision (3)(b) of section 43-247, the county attorney shall make reasonable efforts to refer the juvenile and family to community-based resources available to address the juvenile's behaviors, provide crisis intervention, and maintain the juvenile safely in the home. Failure to describe the efforts required by this subsection shall be a defense to adjudication. New Jersey (view all subjects for this state)
New Jersey § 2A:4A-26. Referral to Another Court without Juvenile's Consent
(a) Criminal homicide other than death by auto, strict liability for drug induced deaths, pursuant to N.J.S.2C:35-9, robbery which would constitute a crime of the first degree, carjacking, aggravated sexual assault, sexual assault, aggravated assault which would constitute a crime of the second degree, kidnapping, aggravated arson, or gang criminality pursuant to section 1 of P.L.2007, c. 341 (C.2C:33-29) where the underlying crime is enumerated in this subparagraph or promotion of organized street crime pursuant to section 2 of P.L.2007, c. 341 (C.2C:33-30) which would constitute a crime of the first or second degree which is enumerated in this subparagraph; or New Jersey § 2C:35A-3. Criteria for Imposition of Anti-Drug Profiteering Penalty a. In addition to any other disposition authorized by this title, including but not limited to any fines which may be imposed pursuant to the provisions of N.J.S.2C:43-3 and except as may be provided by section 5 of this chapter, where a person has been convicted of a crime defined in chapter 35 or 36 of this Title or any crime involving criminal street gang related activity as defined in subsection h. of N.J.S.2C:44-3 or an attempt or conspiracy to commit such a crime, the court shall, upon the application of the prosecutor, sentence the person to pay a monetary penalty in an amount determined pursuant to section 4 of this chapter, provided the court finds at a hearing, which may occur at the time of sentencing, that the prosecutor has established by a preponderance of the evidence one or more of the grounds specified in this section. The findings of the court shall be incorporated in the record, and in making its findings, the court shall take judicial notice of any evidence, testimony or information adduced at the trial, plea hearing or other court proceedings and shall also consider the presentence report and any other relevant information.
(5) The defendant was involved in criminal street gang related activity. North Carolina (view all subjects for this state)
North Carolina § 14-50.21. Separate Offense Any offense committed in violation of G.S. 14-50.16 through G.S. 14-50.20 shall be considered a separate offense. North Carolina § 14-50.25. Reports of Disposition; Criminal Street Gang Activity When a defendant is found guilty of a criminal offense, other than an offense under G.S. 14-50.16 through G.S. 14-50.20, the presiding judge shall determine whether the offense involved criminal street gang activity. If the judge so determines, then the judge shall indicate on the form reflecting the judgment that the offense involved criminal street gang activity. The clerk of court shall ensure that the official record of the defendant's conviction includes a notation of the court's determination. North Carolina § 14-50.26. Matters Proved in Criminal Trial Court A conviction of an offense defined as criminal gang activity shall preclude the defendant from contesting any factual matters determined in the criminal proceeding in any subsequent civil action or proceeding based on the same conduct. South Dakota (view all subjects for this state)
South Dakota § 22-10A-3. Allegation of Gang Membership as Separate Information
An allegation that a defendant is a street gang member shall be filed as separate information at the time of, or before, arraignment. The separate information shall state those criteria, as set forth in Subdivision 22-10A-1 (2), which allegedly identify the defendant as a street gang member and shall be signed by the prosecutor. Tennessee (view all subjects for this state)
Tennessee § 40-6-305. Interception Orders; Grounds
A district attorney general may apply to a judge of competent jurisdiction for, and the judge may grant, in conformity with § 40-6-304, an order authorizing the interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications by investigative or law enforcement officers having responsibility for the investigation of the offense as to which the application is made when interception may provide evidence of:
(4) The commission of, or conspiracy to commit, a criminal gang offense by a criminal gang member, as defined in § 40-35-121. Texas (view all subjects for this state)
Texas Code Crim. Proc. Art. 42.0197. Finding Regarding Gang-Related Conduct
In the trial of an offense, on the motion of the attorney representing the state the judge shall make an affirmative finding of fact and enter the affirmative finding in the judgment in the case if the judge determines that the applicable conduct was engaged in as part of the activities of a criminal street gang as defined by Section 71.01, Penal Code. Texas Gov’t Code § 421.082. Powers and Duties
(f) On request, the office of the attorney general, the Department of Public Safety, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, other law enforcement agencies, and juvenile justice agencies of this state shall provide to the gang section of the center information relating to criminal street gangs, gang-related crime, and gang involvement in trafficking of persons. Texas Penal Code § 71.029. Maps As Evidence of Location or Area
(2) using or introducing any other map or diagram otherwise admissible under the Texas Rules of Evidence. Utah (view all subjects for this state)
(4) The amount of weight to be given to each of the factors listed in Subsection (3) is discretionary with the court. Virginia (view all subjects for this state)
Upon a felony conviction of Section 18.2-46.2 or Section 18.2-46.3, where it is alleged in the warrant, information, or indictment on which a person is convicted that (i) such person has been previously convicted twice under any combination of Section 18.2-46.2 or Section 18.2-46.3, within 10 years of the third or subsequent offense, and (ii) each such offense occurred on different dates, such person is guilty of a Class 3 felony. Virginia § 19.2-120. Admission to bail
3. The nature and seriousness of the danger to any person or the community that would be posed by the person's release. Washington (view all subjects for this state)
In a criminal case in which the defendant has been convicted of unlawful possession of a firearm under RCW 9.41.040, and there has been a special allegation pleaded and proven by a preponderance of the evidence that the accused is a criminal street gang member or associate as defined in RCW 9.94A.030, the court shall make a finding of fact of the special allegation, or if a jury trial is had, the jury shall, if it finds the defendant guilty, also find a special verdict as to whether or not the accused was a criminal street gang member or associate during the commission of the crime. Washington § 9.94A.833. Special Allegation—Involving Minor in Felony Offense—Procedures (1) In a prosecution of a criminal street gang-related felony offense, the prosecution may file a special allegation that the felony offense involved the compensation, threatening, or solicitation of a minor in order to involve that minor in the commission of the felony offense, as described under RCW 9.94A.533(10)(a).
(2) The state has the burden of proving a special allegation made under this section beyond a reasonable doubt. If a jury is had, the jury shall, if it finds the defendant guilty, also find a special verdict as to whether the criminal street gang-related felony offense involved the compensation, threatening, or solicitation of a minor in order to involve that minor in the commission of the felony offense. If no jury is had, the court shall make a finding of fact as to whether the criminal street gang-related felony offense involved the compensation, threatening, or solicitation of a minor in order to involve that minor in the commission of the felony offense. Top | Index | Disclaimer | National Gang Center Home