Source: https://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/vol-1-major-themes
Timestamp: 2019-11-17 07:45:47
Document Index: 337172398

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 4', '§ 149', '§ 95', 'art 2', '§ 143', '§ 547', '§ 157', '§ 25', '§ 89']

Vol. 1: Major Themes - Online Library of Liberty
Source: The Founders' Constitution, edited by Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2001), 5 vols.
Copyright: 1987 University of Chicago. This edition is reprinted by arrangement with the University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. Liberty Fund, in cooperation with Chicago University Press, publishes the paperback version of the 5 volume The Founders' Constitution, ed. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner (1987, 2000) and co-sponsors the online version hosted by the University of Chicago Press. Please visit Liberty Fund's online catalog to order a copy. The links on this page direct readers to an external web site hosted by the University of Chicago which retains copyright to the material.
This page links to the primary sources at The Founder's Constitution website (jointly hosted by the University of Chicago and Liberty Fund) and follows the structure of volume I of the paperback book published by Liberty Fund.
1. Fundamental Documents
1.Continental Congress, Declaration and Resolves, 14 Oct. 1774
2.Edmund Burke, Speech on Conciliation with the Colonies, 22 Mar. 1775
3.Virginia Declaration of Rights, 12 June 1776
4.Virginia Constitution, 29 June 1776
6.Massachusetts Constitution, 2 Mar. 1780
7.Articles of Confederation, 1 Mar. 1781
8.Northwest Ordinance, 13 July 1787
9.Constitution of the United States and the First Twelve Amendments 1787--1804
2. Popular Basis of Political Authority
1.John Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 4--15, 54, 119--22, 163, 1689
2.Thomas Gordon, Cato's Letters, no. 38, 22 July 1721
3.Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, bk. 2, CH. 2, 1748
4.David Hume, Of the Original Contract, 1752
5.James Otis, The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved, 1764
6.James Burgh, Political Disquisitions 1:3--4, 186--89, 190, 190--93, 201--2, 1774
7.Thomas Jefferson to Edmund Pendleton, 26 Aug. 1776
8.Instructions to the Delegates from Mecklenburg, North Carolina, to the Provincial Congress at Halifax, 1 Nov. 1776
9.Statement of the Berkshire County, Massachusetts, Representatives, 17 Nov. 1778
10.Thomas Jefferson, Preamble to a Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge, Fall 1778
11.Samuel Adams to Noah Webster, 30 Apr. 1784
12.John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States, 1787
13.Caesar, no. 2, 17 Oct. 1787
14.James Wilson, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 4 Dec. 1787
15.The Address and Reasons of Dissent of the Minority of the Convention of Pennsylvania to Their Constituents, 18 Dec. 1787
16.Federal Farmer, no. 11, 10 Jan. 1788
17.James Madison, Federalist, no. 39, 251, 16 Jan. 1788
18.James Madison, Federalist, no. 46, 315, 29 Jan. 1788
19.James Madison, Federalist, no. 49, 338--43, 2 Feb. 1788
20.James Madison, Federalist, no. 63, 424--28, 1 Mar. 1788
21.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 71, 482--83, 18 Mar. 1788
22.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 78, 527--29, 28 May 1788
23.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 6 Sept. 1789
24.James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 4 Feb. 1790
25.James Wilson, Of Government, The Legislative Department, Of Citizens and Aliens, Lectures on Law, 1791
26.James Madison, Public Opinion, 19 Dec. 1791
27.Thomas Jefferson to Marquis de Lafayette, 14 Feb. 1815
28.James Madison to Thomas Ritchie, 15 Sept. 1821
3. Right of Revolution
1.Algernon Sidney, Discourses concerning Government 1698 (posthumous)
2.John Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 149, 155, 168, 207--10, 220--31, 240--43, 1689
3.William Blackstone, Commentaries 1:119--23, 157, 237--38, 243--44, 1765
4.Samuel Adams, Boston Gazette, 27 Feb. 1769
5.Alexander Hamilton, The Farmer Refuted, 23 Feb. 1775
6.Thomas Jefferson to Garret Van Meter, 27 Apr. 1781
7.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 16, 103--5, 4 Dec. 1787
8.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 20 Dec. 1787
9.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 28, 178--79, 26 Dec. 1787
10.James Madison, Federalist, no. 40, 264--67, 18 Jan. 1788
11.James Madison, Federalist, no. 46, 320--22, 29 Jan. 1788
12.Brutus, no. 15, 20 Mar. 1788
13.James Wilson, Of the Study of the Law in the United States, Lectures on Law, 1791
14.James Madison to Daniel Webster, 15 Mar. 1833
1.John Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 95--99, 1689
2.Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, bk. 20, CHS. 1--8, 1748
3.David Hume, Of Commerce, 1752
4.Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 10 Jan. 1776
5.John Adams, Thoughts on Government, Apr. 1776
6.Gouverneur Morris, Political Enquiries, 1776
7.Thomas Jefferson, Autobiography, 1821
8.The Essex Result, 29 Apr. 1778
9.Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Query 19, 164--65, 1784
10.John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States, 1787
11.James Madison, Vices of the Political System of the United States, Apr. 1787
12.Records of the Federal Convention
13.Northwest Ordinance, 13 July 1787
14.Brutus, no. 1, 18 Oct. 1787
15.James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 24 Oct. 1787
16.Cato, no. 3, Fall 1787
17.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 6, 31--35, 14 Nov. 1787
18.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 9, 50--53, 21 Nov. 1787
19.James Madison, Federalist, no. 10, 56--65, 22 Nov. 1787
20.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 11, 65--73, 24 Nov. 1787
21.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 12, 73--74, 27 Nov. 1787
22.James Madison, Federalist, no. 14, 88--89, 30 Nov. 1787
23.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 22, 138--39, 14 Dec. 1787
24.James Madison, Federalist, no. 39, 250--53, 16 Jan. 1788
25.Federal Farmer, no. 18, 25 Jan. 1788
26.James Madison, Federalist, no. 57, 384--85, 19 Feb. 1788
27.James Madison, Federalist, no. 63, 422--29, 1 Mar. 1788
28.Charles Pinckney, South Carolina Ratifying Convention, 14 May 1788
29.John Adams to Roger Sherman, 18 July 1789
30.Benjamin Rush to John Adams, 21 July 1789
31.Alexander Hamilton, Report on Manufactures, 5 Dec. 1791
32.Thomas Paine, Rights of Man, Part 2, 1792
33.Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address, 4 Mar. 1801
34.Thomas Jefferson to Joseph C. Cabell, 2 Feb. 1816
5. Deficiencies of the Confederation
1.Alexander Hamilton to Gov. George Clinton, 13 Feb. 1778
2.Alexander Hamilton to James Duane, 3 Sept. 1780
3.Robert Morris, Circular to the Governors of the States, 25 July 1781
4.Gouverneur Morris to John Jay, 1 Jan. 1783
5.James Madison, Notes on Debates in Congress, 28 Jan. 1783
6.James Madison, Notes on Debates in Congress, 21 Feb. 1783
7.Robert Morris to the President of Congress, 17 Mar. 1783
8.Richard Henry Lee to Samuel Adams, 14 Mar. 1785
9.George Washington to James Warren, 7 Oct. 1785
10.Rufus King to Elbridge Gerry, 30 Apr. 1786
11.George Washington to John Jay, 1 Aug. 1786
12.Continental Congress, Report on Proposed Amendments, 7 Aug. 1786
13.John Jay to Thomas Jefferson, 27 Oct. 1786
14.Samuel Osgood to John Adams, 14 Nov. 1786
15.John Jay to George Washington, 7 Jan. 1787
16.James Madison, Vices of the Political System of the United States, Apr. 1787
17.James Madison to George Washington, 16 Apr. 1787
18.Richard Henry Lee to George Mason, 15 May 1787
19.Edward Carrington to Thomas Jefferson, 9 June 1787
20.Thomas Jefferson to Edward Carrington, 4 Aug. 1787
21.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 15, 90--98, 1 Dec. 1787
22.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 21, 129--33, 12 Dec. 1787
23.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 22, 135--41, 143--46, 14 Dec. 1787
24.Centinel, no. 6, 22 Dec. 1787
25.Federal Farmer, no. 17, 23 Jan. 1788
26.A Plebeian, An Address to the People of the State of New-York, Spring 1788
27.Impartial Examiner, no. 5, 18 June 1788
28.David Humphreys to Thomas Jefferson, 29 Nov. 1788
1.Virginia General Assembly, 21 Jan. 1786
2.Annapolis Convention, 11--14 Sept. 1786
3.Virginia General Assembly, 1 Dec. 1786
4.John Jay to George Washington, 7 Jan. 1787
5.George Washington to Henry Knox, 3 Feb. 1787
6.Continental Congress, 21 Feb. 1787
7.Edmund Randolph to James Madison, 27 Mar. 1787
8.George Washington to James Madison, 31 Mar. 1787
9.James Madison to Edmund Randolph, 8 Apr. 1787
10.Records of the Federal Convention
11.Federal Convention, Resolution and Letter to the Continental Congress, 17 Sept. 1787
12.Continental Congress, 26--28 Sept. 1787
13.William Findley, Pennsylvania House of Assembly, 28 Sept. 1787
14.Hugh Brackenridge, Pennsylvania House of Assembly, 28 Sept. 1787
15.James Madison to George Washington, 30 Sept. 1787
16.Richard Henry Lee to George Mason, 1 Oct. 1787
17.Robert Whitehill, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 28 Nov. 1787
18.James Wilson, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 4 Dec. 1787
19.Luther Martin, Genuine Information, 1788
20.James Madison, Federalist, no. 40, 258--67, 18 Jan. 1788
1.Albany Plan of Union, 10 July 1754
2.Benjamin Franklin, Reasons and Motives for the Albany Plan of Union, July 1754
3.Joseph Galloway, Plan of Union, 28 Sept. 1774
4.Continental Congress, Letter Transmitting Proposed Articles of Confederation, 17 Nov. 1777
5.George Washington, Circular to the States, 8 June 1783
6.George Washington to Rev. William Gordon, 8 July 1783
7.Benjamin Rush to Richard Price, 27 Oct. 1786
9.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 1, 7, 27 Oct. 1787
10.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 6, 28--36, 14 Nov. 1787
11.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 7, 36--43, 17 Nov. 1787
12.James Madison, Federalist, no. 10, 56--65, 22 Nov. 1787
13.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 11, 65--73, 24 Nov. 1787
14.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 12, 73--74, 27 Nov. 1787
15.James Madison, Federalist, no. 14, 88--89, 30 Nov. 1787
16.A [Massachusetts] Federalist, 3 Dec. 1787
17.James Wilson, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 11 Dec. 1787
18.Centinel, no. 11, 12 Jan. 1788
19.Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, South Carolina House of Representatives, 18 Jan. 1788
20.A Freeman to the Minority of the Convention of Pennsylvania, no. 1, 23 Jan. 1788
21.James Madison, Federalist, no. 51, 347--53, 6 Feb. 1788
22.John Jay, An Address to the People of the State of New York, Spring 1788
23.Alexander Hamilton, Report on Manufactures, Dec. 1791
24.Timothy Pickering to George Cabot, 29 Jan. 1804
25.John Quincy Adams to William Plumer, 16 Aug. 1809
26.William Pinkney, Argument in McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
27.James Madison, Outline, Sept. 1829
28.James Madison to Nicholas P. Trist, 15 Feb. 1830
8. Federal v. Consolidated Government
1.Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, bk. 8, CHS. 16, 17, 19, 20; BK. 9, CHS. 1--3, 1748
2.Edward Rutledge to John Jay, 29 June 1776
3.George Mason to Thomas Jefferson, 27 Sept. 1781
4.James Wilson, Considerations on the Bank, 1785
5.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 16 Dec. 1786
6.James Madison to George Washington, 16 Apr. 1787
7.Virginia Plan, 29 May 1787
8.Edward Carrington to Thomas Jefferson, 9 June 1787
9.New Jersey Plan, 15 June 1787
10.Alexander Hamilton, Federal Convention, 18 June 1787
11.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 20 June 1787
12.Federal Farmer, no. 1, 8 Oct. 1787
13.Brutus, no. 1, 18 Oct. 1787
14.James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 24 Oct. 1787
15.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 9, 52--55, 21 Nov. 1787
16.John Smilie, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 28 Nov. 1787
17.William Findley, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 1 Dec. 1787
18.James Wilson, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 1--11 Dec. 1787
19.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 15, 90--98, 1 Dec. 1787
20.Samuel Adams to Richard Henry Lee, 3 Dec. 1787
21.Agrippa, no. 4, 3 Dec. 1787
22.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 16, 99--105, 4 Dec. 1787
23.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 17, 105--8, 5 Dec. 1787
24.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 27, 171--75, 25 Dec. 1787
25.Federal Farmer, no. 6, 25 Dec. 1787
26.Brutus, no. 7, 3 Jan. 1788
27.James Madison, Federalist, no. 39, 253--57, 16 Jan. 1788
28.Federal Farmer, no. 17, 23 Jan. 1788
29.James Madison, Federalist, no. 45, 308--14, 26 Jan. 1788
30.James Madison, Federalist, no. 46, 315--23, 29 Jan. 1788
31.Brutus, no. 11, 31 Jan. 1788
32.Luther Martin, Genuine Information, 1788
33.Impartial Examiner, no. 1, 5 Mar. 1788
34.Brutus, no. 15, 20 Mar. 1788
35.The Fallacies of the Freeman Detected by a [Pennsylvania] Farmer, 23 Apr. 1788
36.Impartial Examiner, no. 2, 28 May 1788
37.George Mason, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 4 June 1788
38.Patrick Henry, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 4--12 June 1788
39.George Clinton, New York Ratifying Convention, 11 July 1788
40.James Madison, Consolidation, 5 Dec. 1791
41.Thomas Jefferson, Resolutions Relative to the Alien and Sedition Acts, 10 Nov. 1798
42.James Madison, Report on the Virginia Resolutions, Jan. 1800
43.James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson, 4 May 1801
44.Thomas Jefferson, Autobiography, 1821
...establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare,...
9. Energetic Government
1.Thomas Jefferson, Answers to Demeunier's First Queries, 24 Jan. 1786
2.Pelatiah Webster, Remarks on the Address of Sixteen Members of the Assembly of Pennsylvania, 12 Oct. 1787
3.Oliver Ellsworth, Landholder, no. 3, 19 Nov. 1787
4.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 22, 140--41, 14 Dec. 1787
5.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 23, 146--51, 18 Dec. 1787
6.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 20 Dec. 1787
7.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 30, 188--91, 28 Dec. 1787
8.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 31, 193--96, 1 Jan. 1788
9.James Madison, Federalist, no. 37, 233--34, 11 Jan. 1788
10.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 70, 471--72, 15 Mar. 1788
11.Luther Martin, Letter, 4 Apr. 1788
12.John Tyler, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 25 June 1788
13.Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address, 4 Mar. 1801
1.Clement Walker, Relations and Observations, Historicall and Politick upon the Parliament Begun Anno Dom. 1640, 1648
2.Marchamont Nedham, The Excellencie of a Free-State, 1656
3.John Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 143, 144, 150, 159, 1689
4.John Trenchard, A Short Historie of Standing Armies in England, 1698
5.Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, bk. 11, CHS. 6--7, 1748
6.William Blackstone, Commentaries 1:149--51, 259--60, 1765
7.John Adams, Thoughts on Government, Apr. 1776
8.Instructions of the Inhabitants of the Town of Boston to Their Representatives in Congress, 1776
9.Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Query 13, 120--21, 1784
11.Centinel, no. 2, Oct. 1787
12."William Penn," no. 2, 3 Jan. 1788
13.James Madison, Federalist, no. 37, 233--34, 11 Jan. 1788
14.James Madison, Federalist, no. 47, 323--31, 30 Jan. 1788
15.James Madison, Federalist, no. 48, 332--38, 1 Feb. 1788
16.James Madison, Federalist, no. 51, 347--53, 6 Feb. 1788
17.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 71, 483--84, 18 Mar. 1788
18.Nathaniel Chipman, Sketches of the Principles of Government 120--27, 1793
19.Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 7 Mar. 1796
20.Alexander Hamilton to William Loughton Smith, 10 Mar. 1796
21.James Madison, House of Representatives, 10 Mar. 1796
22.James Madison to John Adams, 22 May 1817
11. Balanced Government
1.Niccolò Machiavelli, Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius, bk. 1, CH. 2 1531 (posthumous)
2.James Harrington, Commonwealth of Oceana 56--61, 1656
3.David Hume, That Politics May Be Reduced to a Science, 1742
4.David Hume, Of the Independence of Parliament, 1742
5.Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 10 Jan. 1776
6.Richard Henry Lee to Edmund Pendleton, 12 May 1776
7.Four Letters on Interesting Subjects 19--20, 1776
8.The People the Best Governors, 1776
9.Farmer, On the Present State of Affairs in America, 5 Nov. 1776
11.Centinel, no. 1, 5 Oct. 1787
12.Federal Farmer, no. 11, 10 Jan. 1788
13.Patrick Henry, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 9 June 1788
14.John Marshall, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 10 June 1788
15.James Monroe, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 10 June 1788
16.John Adams to Samuel Adams, 18 Oct. 1790
17.Gouverneur Morris to Robert Walsh, 5 Feb. 1811
12. Bicameralism
1.James Harrington, Commonwealth of Oceana 56--61, 1656
2.Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, bk. 11, CH. 6, 1748
3.John Adams, Notes on Debates in Congress, 5--6 Sept. 1774
4.Democraticus, Loose Thoughts on Government, 7 June 1776
5.Thomas Jefferson, Notes on Debates in Congress, 30 July 1 Aug. 1776
6.William Hooper to the Congress of the State of North Carolina, 26 Oct. 1776
7.One of the People, 23 Nov. 1776
8.Benjamin Rush, Observations on the Government of Pennsylvania, 1777
9.Pennsylvania Gazette, 26 March 1777
10.The Essex Result, 29 Apr. 1778
11.Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Query 13, 118--20, 1784
12.Francis Hopkinson to John Jay, 11 Mar. 1786
13.George Read to John Dickinson, 17 Jan. 1787
14.John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States, 1787
15.James Madison, Federal Convention, 19 June 1787
16.George Mason, Federal Convention, 20 June 1787
17.James Wilson, Federal Convention, 20 June 1787
18.Records of the Federal Convention
19.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 22, 138--41, 14 Dec. 1787
20.Federal Farmer, no. 11, 10 Jan. 1788
21.Republicus, 16 Feb. 1788
22.James Madison, Federalist, no. 62, 416--19, 27 Feb. 1788
23.Patrick Henry, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 12 June 1788
24.Alexander Hamilton, New York Ratifying Convention, 25 June 1788
25.Benjamin Franklin, Queries and Remarks respecting Alterations in the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 1789
26.James Wilson, Of Government, The Legislative Department, Lectures on Law, 1791
27.Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution 2:§§ 547--58, 1833
1.John Winthrop, The History of New England 1:360--63; 2:277, 279--83, 1639 1645
2.John Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 157--58, 1689
3.Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, bk. 11, CH. 6, 1748
4.James Otis, The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved, 1764
5.John Adams, Clarendon, no. 3, 27 Jan. 1766
6.Edmund Burke, Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents, 1770
7.Edmund Burke, Speech to the Electors of Bristol, 3 Nov. 1774
8.James Burgh, Political Disquisitions 1:26--29, 36--38, 80--82, 1774
9.John Adams, Thoughts on Government, Apr. 1776
10.John Adams to James Sullivan, 26 May 1776
11.Richard Henry Lee to Mrs. Hannah Corbin, 17 Mar. 1778
12.The Essex Result, 29 Apr. 1778
13.Instructions of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 1779
14.Return of Northampton, Massachusetts, 22 May 1780
15.Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Query 13, 118--19, 1784
16.George Washington to Bushrod Washington, 15 Nov. 1786
17.John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States, 1787
18.James Wilson, Federal Convention, 6 June 1787
19.Alexander Hamilton, Federal Convention, 18 June 1787
20.Federal Farmer, no. 2, 9 Oct. 1787
21.James Madison, Federalist, no. 10, 62--63, 22 Nov. 1787
22.Federal Farmer, no. 7, 31 Dec. 1787
23.Federal Farmer, no. 8, 3 Jan. 1788
24.Federal Farmer, no. 9, 4 Jan. 1788
25.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 35, 218--22, 5 Jan. 1788
26.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 36, 222--24, 8 Jan. 1788
27.Luther Martin, Genuine Information, 1788
28.Fisher Ames, Massachusetts Ratifying Convention, 15 Jan. 1788
29.James Madison, Federalist, no. 49, 340--43, 2 Feb. 1788
30.James Madison, Federalist, no. 55, 372--74, 13 Feb. 1788
31.Republicus, 16 Feb. 1788
32.James Madison, Federalist, no. 58, 395--96, 20 Feb. 1788
33.James Madison, Federalist, no. 63, 427--28, 1 Mar. 1788
34.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 71, 482--83, 18 Mar. 1788
35.George Mason, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 4 June 1788
36.James Madison, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 20 June 1788
37.Melancton Smith, New York Ratifying Convention, 20--21 June 1788
38.Alexander Hamilton, New York Ratifying Convention, 21 June 1788
39.Debate in House of Representatives, 15 Aug. 1789
40.Thomas Paine, Dissertation on the First Principles of Government, 1795
41.St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 1:App. 193--94, 1803
42.James Madison, Note to His Speech on the Right of Suffrage, 1821
1.General Assembly of Maryland, An Act for the Liberties of the People, 1639
3.William Penn, England's Present Interest Considered, with Honour to the Prince, and Safety to the People, 1675
4.The Concessions and Agreements of the Proprietors, Freeholders, and Inhabitants of the Province of West New-Jersey, 3 Mar. 1677
5.William Penn, The Excellent Priviledge of Liberty and Property Being the Birth-Right of the Free-born Subjects of England, 1687
6.Bill of Rights, 2, 16 Dec. 1689
7.Massachusetts House of Representatives, Circular Letter to the Colonial Legislatures, 11 Feb. 1768
8.Samuel Adams, Boston Gazette, 27 Feb. 1769
9.Slave Petition to the Governor, Council, and House of Representatives of the Province of Massachusetts, 25 May 1774
10.Thomas Jefferson, A Summary View of the Rights of British America, July 1774
11.Continental Congress, Declaration and Resolves, 14 Oct. 1774
12.Continental Congress to the Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec, 26 Oct. 1774
13.Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776
14.Thomas Burke, Abstract of Debates in Congress, 25 Feb. 1777
15.The Essex Result, 29 Apr. 1778
16.Return of Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1 June 1778
17.Return of Beverly, Massachusetts, 1 June 1778
18.Massachusetts Constitution, A Declaration of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 2 Mar. 1780
19.Thomas Jefferson to Garret Van Meter, 27 Apr. 1781
20.Records of the Federal Convention
21.Richard Henry Lee to George Mason, 1 Oct. 1787
22.Richard Henry Lee to Samuel Adams, 5 Oct. 1787
23.James Wilson, State House Speech, 6 Oct. 1787
24.Federal Farmer, no. 4, 12 Oct. 1787
25.A Democratic Federalist, 17 Oct. 1787
26.Brutus, no. 2, 1 Nov. 1787
27.James Wilson, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 28 Nov. 4 Dec. 1787
28.John Smilie, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 28 Nov. 1787
29.Robert Whitehill, Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention, 28 Nov. 1787
30.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 20 Dec. 1787
31.Federal Farmer, no. 6, 25 Dec. 1787
32.Federal Farmer, no. 16, 20 Jan. 1788
33.Massachusetts Ratifying Convention, Ratification and Proposed Amendments, 6 Feb. 1788
34.Alexander Contee Hanson, Aristides, Remarks on the Proposed Plan of a Federal Government, 1788
35.A [Maryland] Farmer, no. 1, 15 Feb. 1788
36.James Iredell, Marcus, Answers to Mr. Mason's Objections to the New Constitution, 1788
37.Brutus, no. 15, 20 Mar. 1788
38.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 84, 575--81, 28 May 1788
39.Patrick Henry, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 5--16 June 1788
40.Edmund Randolph, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 9, 17 June 1788
41.Samuel Chase to John Lamb, 13 June 1788
42.George Mason, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 16 June 1788
43.Virginia Ratifying Convention, Proposed Amendments to the Constitution, 27 June 1788
44.Thomas Tredwell, New York Ratifying Convention, 2 July 1788
45.James Iredell, North Carolina Ratifying Convention, 28 July 1788
46.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 31 July 1788
47.James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 17 Oct. 1788
48.James Madison to George Eve, 2 Jan. 1789
49.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 15 Mar. 1789
50.James Madison, House of Representatives, 8 June 1789
51.House of Representatives, Report of the Select Committee on Amendments, 28 July 1789
52.Debate in House of Representatives, 13--15, 22 Aug. 1789
53.James Madison to Richard Peters, 19 Aug. 1789
54.House of Representatives, Amendments, 24 Aug. 1789
55.Senate, Amendments, 9 Sept. 1789
56.Congress, Amendments Agreed to and Proposed to the States, 25 Sept. 1789
1.The Putney Debates, 29 Oct. 1647
2.James Harrington, Commonwealth of Oceana 70--75, 1656
3.Thomas Gordon, Cato's Letters, no. 45, 16 Sept. 1721
4.Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, bk. 15, CHS. 1, 4--8, 1748
5.Benjamin Franklin to John Waring, 17 Dec. 1763
6.William Eddis, Letters from America, 20 Sept. 1770 17 Feb. 1772
7.Patrick Henry to Robert Pleasants, 18 Jan. 1773
8.Gouverneur Morris to John Penn, 20 May 1774
9.Abigail Adams to John Adams, 31 Mar. 1776
10.John Adams to Abigail Adams, 14 Apr. 1776
11.Pennsylvania Evening Post, 27 Apr. 1776
12.Abigail Adams to John Adams, 7 May 1776
13.John Adams to James Sullivan, 26 May 1776
14.Democraticus, Loose Thoughts on Government, 7 June 1776
15.A Watchman, Pennsylvania Packet, 10 June 1776
16.Virginia Declaration of Rights, 12 June 1776
17.Edmund Randolph, History of Virginia 253, 1809
18.Thomas Jefferson, Notes on Debates in Congress, 2--4 July 1776
19.A Citizen of New Jersey, Pennsylvania Evening Post, 30 July 1776
20.Thomas Jefferson, Autobiography, 1821
21.Rejected Constitution for Massachusetts, 1778
22.Return of Sutton, Massachusetts, 18 May 1778
23.Thomas Jefferson to David Rittenhouse, 19 July 1778
24.Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 14 Mar. 1779
25.Massachusetts Constitution, 1780
26.Return of Northampton, Massachusetts, 22 May 1780
27.Benjamin Franklin, Information to Those Who Would Remove to America, Sept. 1782
28.Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Queries 14 AND 18, 137--43, 162--63, 1784
29.Timothy Pickering to Rufus King, 6 Mar. 1785
30.John Adams to Elbridge Gerry, 25 Apr. 1785
31.John Jay to Richard Price, 27 Sept. 1785
32.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 28 Oct. 1785
33.James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 19 June 1786
34.John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States, 1787
35.Records of the Federal Convention
36.Federal Farmer, no. 7, 31 Dec. 1787
37.Luther Martin, Genuine Information, 1788
38.Yeomanry of Massachusetts, 25 Jan. 1788
39.John Jay to the President of the [English] Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves, June 1788
40.Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 5 May 1789
41.Edmund Randolph to James Madison, 19 May 1789
42.Benjamin Franklin, Queries and Remarks respecting Alterations in the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 1789
43.James Madison, Memorandum on an African Colony for Freed Slaves, 20 Oct. 1789
44.Noah Webster, Miscellaneous Remarks on Divizions of Property . . . in the United States, Feb. 1790
45.James Madison to Benjamin Rush, 20 Mar. 1790
46.John Adams to Samuel Adams, 18 Oct. 1790
47.A Freeman, Maryland Gazette, 30 Dec. 1790
48.James Wilson, Of Man, as a Member of Society, Lectures on Law, 1791
49.Thomas Jefferson, Notes of a Conversation with Alexander Hamilton, 13 Aug. 1791
50.James Madison, Parties, 23 Jan. 1792
51.Nathaniel Chipman, Sketches of the Principles of Government 177--82, 1793
52.St. George Tucker to Jeremy Belknap, 24 Jan. 1795
53.John Adams to Jeremy Belknap, 21 Mar. 1795
54.St. George Tucker to Jeremy Belknap, 29 June 1795
55.James Sullivan to Jeremy Belknap, 30 July 1795
56.St. George Tucker, A Dissertation on Slavery, in Blackstone's Commentaries 2:App. 31--32, 35--43, 54--55, 68--69, 74--81 (1803), 1796
57.John Adams to George Churchman and Jacob Lindley, 24 Jan. 1801
58.John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 9 July 1813
59.John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 13 July 1813
60.John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 2 Sept. 1813
61.Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, 28 Oct. 1813
62.John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 15 Nov. 1813
63.John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 16 July 1814
64.Thomas Jefferson to Joseph Milligan, 6 Apr. 1816
65.James Madison to Robert J. Evans, 15 June 1819
66.Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes, 22 Apr. 1820
67.Thomas Jefferson to William Johnson, 12 June 1823
1.William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation 120--21, 1623
2.James Harrington, Commonwealth of Oceana 70--72, 1656
3.John Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 25--51, 123--26, 1689
4.John Trenchard, Cato's Letters, no. 68, 3 Mar. 1721
5.William Blackstone, Commentaries 1:134--35, 140--41, 1765
6.House of Representatives of Massachusetts to Dennys De Berdt, 12 Jan. 1768
7.Edmund Burke, Speech on Conciliation with the Colonies, 22 Mar. 1775
8.Gouverneur Morris, Political Enquiries, 1776
9.Thomas Jefferson, Autobiography, 1821
11.Return of Sutton, Massachusetts, 18 May 1778
12.Benjamin Franklin to Robert Morris, 25 Dec. 1783
13.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 28 Oct. 1785
14.Remonstrance and Petition of the Free Inhabitants of Lunenberg County, Virginia, 29 Nov. 1785
15.John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States, 1787
16.Records of the Federal Convention
17.Noah Webster, An Examination into the Leading Principles of the Federal Constitution, 10 Oct. 1787
18.James Madison, Federalist, no. 10, 58--65, 22 Nov. 1787
19.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 70, 471--72, 15 Mar. 1788
20.Melancton Smith, New York Ratifying Convention, 21 June 1788
21.James Madison, Observations on Jefferson's Draft of a Constitution for Virginia, 15 Oct. 1788
22.Benjamin Franklin, Queries and Remarks respecting Alterations in the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 1789
23.James Madison, Property, 29 Mar. 1792
24.Vanhorne's Lessee v. Dorrance
25.Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson, 13 Aug. 1813
26.James Madison, Note to His Speech on the Right of Suffrage, 1821
27.James Madison, Note on Suffrage, 1829
...do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United Staes of America.
17. Constitutional Government
1.Mayflower Compact, 11 Nov. 1620
2.Ordinance and Constitution for Council and Assembly in Virginia, 24 July 1621
3.Royal Commission for Regulating Plantations, 28 Apr. 1634
4.William Penn, Preface to the Frame of Government, 1682
5.John Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 89--94, 134--42, 212, 1689
6.John Trenchard, Cato's Letters, no. 60, 6 Jan. 1721
7.John Trenchard, Cato's Letters, no. 61, 13 Jan. 1721
8.John Trenchard, Cato's Letters, no. 62, 20 Jan. 1721
9.Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, bk. 6, CH. 2; BK. 11, CHS. 1--7, 20, 1748
10.Richard Henry Lee to ------, 31 May 1764
11.Resolutions of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, 29 Oct. 1765
12.John Adams, Clarendon, no. 3, 27 Jan. 1766
13.Massachusetts House of Representatives, Circular Letter to the Colonial Legislatures, 11 Feb. 1768
14.Fairfax County Resolves, 18 July 1774
15.James Burgh, Political Disquisitions 1:221--23, 226--27, 1774
16.Alexander Hamilton, The Farmer Refuted, 23 Feb. 1775
17.Pittsfield Petitions, 29 May 1776
18.Concord Town Meeting Resolutions, 21 Oct. 1776
19.Four Letters on Interesting Subjects 18--24, 1776
20.Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Query 13, 121--29, 1784
21.Alexander Hamilton, A Second Letter from Phocion, Apr. 1784
22.James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 24 Oct. 1787
23.Impartial Examiner, no. 1, 20 Feb. 1788
24.Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 78, 524--25, 28 May 1788
25.James Madison, Observations on Jefferson's Draft of a Constitution for Virginia, 15 Oct. 1788
18. Epilogue: Securing the Republic
1.James McHenry, Anecdote 18--
2.James Harrington, Commonwealth of Oceana 37--38, 103, 1656
3.Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, Notes; bk. 3, CHS. 1--9; BK. 4, CHS. 4--5; BK. 5, CHS. 1--7; BK. 7, CHS. 1--2; BK. 8, CHS. 1--3, 1748
4.Edmund Burke, Speech on Conciliation with the Colonies, 22 Mar. 1775
5.George Mason, Remarks on Annual Elections for the Fairfax Independent Company, Apr. 1775
6.Samuel Adams to James Warren, 4 Nov. 1775
7.John Adams to Mercy Warren, 8 Jan. 1776
8.John Adams, Thoughts on Government, Apr. 1776
9.John Adams to Mercy Warren, 16 Apr. 1776
10.Carter Braxton, An Address to the Convention of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia; on the Subject of Government in General, and Recommending a Particular Form to Their Consideration, May 1776
11.Thomas Jefferson, Preamble to a Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge, Fall 1778
12.Richard Henry Lee to Henry Laurens, 6 June 1779
13.Massachusetts Constitution of 1780
14.Samuel Adams to John Scollay, 30 Dec. 1780
15.Alexander Hamilton, Continentalist, no. 6, 4 July 1782
16.Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Queries 14 AND 19, 146--49, 164--65, 1784
18.Noah Webster, An Examination into the Leading Principles of the Federal Constitution, 10 Oct. 1787
19.A Proposal for Reviving Christian Conviction, 11 Oct. 1787
20.James Madison, Federalist, no. 10, 56--65, 22 Nov. 1787
21.Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 20 Dec. 1787
22.James Madison, Federalist, no. 55, 375--78, 13 Feb. 1788
23.Patrick Henry, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 9 June 1788
24.James Madison, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 20 June 1788
25.Alexander Hamilton, New York Ratifying Convention, 21 June 1788
26.Noah Webster, On the Education of Youth in America, 1788
27.John Adams to Samuel Adams, 18 Oct. 1790
28.James Madison, Republican Distribution of Citizens, 5 Mar. 1792
29.George Washington, Farewell Address, 19 Sept. 1796
30.Benjamin Rush, Of the Mode of Education Proper in a Republic, 1798
31.Gouverneur Morris, National Greatness, 1800
32.Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, 5 July 1814
33.[Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, et al.,] Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Fix the Site of the University of Virginia, 4 Aug. 1818
34.James Madison to Edward Livingston, 10 July 1822
35.James Madison to W. T. Barry, 4 Aug. 1822
36.James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 8 Feb. 1825