Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0423327B1/en
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 15:31:59
Document Index: 678361562

Matched Legal Cases: ['arts 2', 'arts 45', 'art 45', 'art 111', 'art 111', 'art 111', 'art 111', 'art 111']

EP0423327B1 - Apparatus and method for treating flat substrates under reduced pressure - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for treating flat substrates under reduced pressure Download PDF
EP0423327B1
EP0423327B1 EP90908310A EP90908310A EP0423327B1 EP 0423327 B1 EP0423327 B1 EP 0423327B1 EP 90908310 A EP90908310 A EP 90908310A EP 90908310 A EP90908310 A EP 90908310A EP 0423327 B1 EP0423327 B1 EP 0423327B1
EP90908310A
EP0423327A1 (en
1989-05-08 Priority to DE19893915039 priority Critical patent/DE3915039C2/de
1989-05-08 Priority to DE3915039 priority
1989-05-09 Priority to FR8906057 priority
1989-05-09 Priority to FR8906057A priority patent/FR2646861B1/en
1990-05-07 Application filed by Koninklijke Philips NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips NV
1990-05-07 Priority claimed from AT90908310T external-priority patent/AT103645T/en
1991-04-24 Publication of EP0423327A1 publication Critical patent/EP0423327A1/en
1994-03-30 Publication of EP0423327B1 publication Critical patent/EP0423327B1/en
Apparatus and method for treating a flat substrate (10) more particularly a semiconductor wafer in the manufacture of integrated circuits, under reduced pressure comprising a vacuum chamber (2a, 2b) provided with a substrate support (11) having a body (11a) with heating and/or cooling means (12) and a supporting surface (11b) at which a plurality of injection openings (20) is present communicating with an injection space (12) and a supplementary gas inlet (28), through which injection openings a gas is supplied between the substrate and the supporting surface for forming a heat-exchanging gas cushion therebetween. At the supporting surface (11b) also a plurality of exhaust openings (29) is present communicating with an exhaust space (24) and an exhaust outlet (18) through which exhaust openings gas from between the substrate (10) and the supporting surface is exhausted, so that, while maintaining the gas cushion, gas injected through each of the injection openings is exhausted through adjacent exhaust openings. Thus, the injected gas practically will not reach the periphery of the substrate and thus does not interfere with gases in the reaction chamber.
The treatments necessary for the manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuits utilize for a large part processes of depositing or etching carried out in a treatment gas or of a mixture of several gases under reduced pressure. Besides the process of low-pressure chemical vapour deposition, known under the designation LPCVD, in which a chemical reaction is obtained merely due to the high temperature to which the substrate is brought, other processes more frequently give rise to an activation of the treatment gas by a plasma formed in the vacuum chamber, in which processes the substrate, in electrical connection with its support, forms one of the electrodes, while another electrode is disposed parallel to the substrate at a given distance therefrom.
It is well known that it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory heat exchange between a substrate and its support when the assembly is arranged in a chamber under reduced pressure. Now, this heat exchange plays an essential part in the control of the temperature to which the substrate must be brought during the treatment to obtain a temperature homogeneity of the subsstrate as satisfactory as possible and to obtain, if necessary, a speed of temperature increase of the substrate and a speed of cooling as high as possible. The processes of treatment in a vacuum or in a partial vacuum are in fact mostly very sensitive to the temperature so that a poor control of the temperature of the substrate would involve an unacceptable dispersion of the results both between one operation and the other and as a function of the position on the surface of the same substrate.
An apparatus utilizing such a technique and corresponding to the definition given in the introductory paragraph is known from the document DE-A-36 33 386.
The invention has inter alia for its object to provide an apparatus in which the kind of gas injected under the back surface of the substrate can be chosen freely, whilst avoiding the disturbance of the atmosphere in the reaction chamber in the proximity of the substrate. The invention further has for its object to permit obtaining an adjustment of the distribution of temperature at the surface of the substrate in order to correct possible variations of this temperature caused by imperfactions of the apparatus and/or by the treatment process itself. The invention further has for its object to permit of obtaining controlled and very rapid variations of the temperature of the substrate.
The apparatus according to the invention has the advantage that the gas injected under the back surface of the substrate from each of the injection openings is exhausted through at least one of the adjacent exhaust openings without it being possible for the said gas to reach the periphery of the substrate and thus to escape into the vacuum chamber. Thus, the gas injected under the back surface of the substrate does not interfere with the treatment gas otherwise introduced into the chamber and can be chosen independently, inter alia taking into account its thermal conduction properties.
Advantageously, the injection openings are identical to each other and the exhaust openings are also identical to each other, the former being distributed according to a first given density of positions per unit surface area of the supporting surface of the substrate support while the latter are distributed according to a second given density of positions per unit surface area. The said first and second densities of openings can be chosen to be constant at the supporting surface of the support and to be, for example, practically identical.
However, in the apparatus according to the invention, it can also be ensured that at least one of the densities of openings, for example the density of the injection openings, varies over the surface of the support. This variation realized intentionally permits of locally modifying the heat exchange between the support and the substrate and of providing a correction of temperature differences of the substrate ensuing from the treatment conditions. An example of temperature differences ensuing from the treatment condition is given by the utilization of a residual pressure in the vacuum chamber which is lower than the average pressure applied under the back surface of the substrate. In the latter case, it is necessary to fix the substrate on the support, which is obtained in known manner by fixing means exerting a force at the periphery of the substrate. The difference in pressure on either side of the substrate results in an appreciable deformation of the substrate (in a curved form) so that the distance between the substrate and the supporting surface of the support varies along the diameter of the substrate. As a result, a variation of the thermal conduction of the thin gas layer of variable thickness under the substrate is obtained, which can be compensated for at least the major part by a suitable variation of the density of the injection openings and/or by a variation of the density of the exhaust openings. Other temperature inhomogeneities of the substrate can further be due to an imperfection of symmetry in the construction of the apparatus and/or in the configuration of the plasma formed therein. These defects can also be corrected essentially by means of a variable density of openings on the surface of the substrate support. Such a correction can be obtained by an approximated calculation from a record of temperatures during a preliminary and experimental operation in operating conditions similar to those of the envisaged treatment, or in a simpler manner by essentially experimental means by carrying out successive tests, in which given injection openings are eliminated (by blocking them), and the effect obtained on the temperature distribution on the substrate is observed.
Other particulars, details and advantages of the invention will be explained by the following description and by means of the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limitative examples, in which:
Figure 1 shows diagrammatically in sectional view an apparatus for treating substrates according to the invention;
Figure 2 is an elevation of the substrate support forming part of the apparatus of Figure 1, shown diagrammatically and in sectional view on an enlarged scale;
Figures 3 and 4 show examples of distributions of injection openings and of exhaust openings over a part of the surface of the substrate support;
Figure 5 is a partial view of a part of the surface of the substrate support showing another example of distribution of injection openings and discharge openings an the use of a peripheral groove for the exhaust, and
Figure 6 shows a diagram representing the variation of the thermal conductivity C of a thin layer of gas of a given small thickness as function of the pressure P,
Figure 7 is an elevation of a substrate support according to an other embodiment of the invention;
Figure 8 shows a sectional view taken on the line III-III of Figure 9 of a further embodiment of the substrate support, and
Figure 9 shows a plan view of the support of Figure 8.
In Figure 1 an apparatus 1 for treating flat substrates under reduced pressure is shown diagrammatically. It comprises a vacuum chamber consisting of two parts 2a, 2b, which is provided with an exhaust outlet 3 connected to pumping means 4. The vacuum chamber 2a, 2b also comprises an inlet 5 being connected to a reservoir 6 of treatment gas via a flow control device 7. A substrate 10 to be treated is disposed on a support 11, having a body 11a comprising means for heating and/or cooling said support, for example a heating resistor 12 embedded in the body 11a of the support.
The apparatus shown in Figure 1 is susceptible to utilizing a plasma for activating the treatment gas and for this purpose comprises an electrode 30 disposed at a certain distance from and parallel to the substrate 10, whose supporting pin 31 traverses the vacuum chamber 2a through a vacuum tight and electrically insulating sealing 31. The supporting pin 31 is electrically connected to a terminal 33 for the electric supply of the plasma, this supporting pin 31 being hollow and constituting the supply duct of the treatment gas. Finally, the treatment gas reaches the vacuum chamber 2a, 2b by means of a technique known per se by passing through the hollow interior of the electrode 30 through its front wall 30a, which is provided with multiple perforations, along the trajectory indicated by the arrow 34.
For the utilization of the plasma, the substrate 10 forms the second electrode of the system and is carried out to the required potential by conduction with the support 11, which, according to circumstances, can be carried to the potential 0 (earth) or to another potential by means of an electrical connection leading to the terminal 36, which requires insulating passages 37 and 38 for the outlets to the exterior of the vacuum chamber of the means 35 for fixing the substrate and of the part in the shape of a pin of the support 11.
For the sake of clarity, Figure 1 only shows a few openings 20 and 23 of each of the types in the support 11, while actually a considerable number of injection openings 20 and exhaust openings 23 are provided in the support 11.
Figure 2, which is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the support 11, permits of explaining more clearly how this support can be obtained. In figure 2, the elements corresponding to those of Figure 1 are provided with the same reference symbols. As indicated in Figure 2, the body 11a of the support 11 can be formed in two parts so that it can readily accommodate the heating coil 12 provided with ist insulating sheath, this heating coil having a polongation 27 connected at the exterior of the chamber to the current source regulated for heating the support 11. The front wall of the carrier 11 is provided with small injection openings 20 present at the supporting surface 11b having a diameter of, for example, 0.1 mm and communicating with the injection space 21. The injection space 21 communicates in turn with an inner tube 28 situated in the axis of the support 1 and serving to take along the gas to be injected under the back surface of the substrate. The injection space 21 is traversed by tubes 29, one of the ends of which constitutes one of the exhaust openings 23, while the other end is in communication with the exhaust space 24 situated on the other side with respect to the injection chamber 21 of the body 11a of the carrier 11. The exhaust space 24 made to communicate with the outlet 25 (cf. Figure 1) by means of an outer tube 18, which is concentrial with the inner tube 28. As can be seen in Figure 2, the support 11 further comprises a peripheral groove 22 intended to complete the aspiration of the gas introduced under the back surface of the substrate at the periphery thereof. The peripheral groove 22 is caused to communicate with the exhaust space 24 by means of one or several supplementary exhaust openings 13 distributed along the perimeter of the support 11. The exhaust openings 23 have a diameter exceeding the diameter of the injection openings 20 and, for example, in the proximity of 2 mm.
The body 11a of the support 11 has just been described so as to have to provide for a heating of the substrate 10. In other cases, on the contrary, it is necessary to keep the substrate 10 at a low temperature and it is possible to cool it when the treatment has the effect of supplying it with energy. To this aim, the support is then slightly modified according to an embodiment not shown, in which the heating coil 12 is eliminated, while the groove containing this wire constitutes a canalization in which a cooling liquid kept at a regulated temperature is circulated.
According to the invention, the gas serving to increase the heat exchange between the substrate and the support is distributed under the surface of the substrate by a large number of injection openings 20 and exhausted after a short path between the support and the substrate through also a large number of exhaust openings 23. Thus, the gas injected between the back surface of the substrate and the support is exhausted substantially entirely. Therefore, there is substantially no leakage of this gas towards the vacuum chamber in which the latter would be mixed with the treatment gas; the atmosphere in the vacuum chamber is therefore not disturbed. The presence of a peripheral groove 22 on the supporting surface of the support 11 reduces further the small possibilities of leakage towards the atmosphere of the chamber. The invention therefore has the advantage that the kind of gas which is used for increasing the heat exchange between the support 11 and the substrate 10 as well as its pressure and its flow rate can be chosen at will.
In a first embodiment of the invention, injection openings 20 can be provided having identical diameters and distributed in a given density designated as first density per unit surface area of the front surface of the support 11 and exhaust openings can be provided which are also identical to each other and are distributed in a second given density on the front surface of the support. Figures 3 and 4 shown examples of distributions of injection openings 20 and of exhaust openings 23 on a part of the front surface of the support 11. In these Figures, the arrows 40 indicate diagrammatically the trajectory of the gas leaving the injection openings 20 and directed towards the exhaust openings 23. The dotted lines 41 joining adjacent exhaust openings 23 subdivide the surface into cells indicating very diagrammatically where the gas originating from each of the injection openings 20 circulates. Figure 3 shows an example of uniform distribution of the injection and exhaust openings, the density of these openings of one and the other category being identical. Figure 4 shows another example of uniform distribution of the openings at the surface of the support, but now the density of the exhaust openings is twice the density of the injection openings per unit surface area. One or the other of these embodiments, in which the densities of the injection openings and of the exhaust openings are substantially constant at the surface of the support 11 is very suitable when the treatment apparatus operates at a pressure of the treatment gas which is equal to or higher than the average pressure which is established on the back surface of the substrate. In this case, in fact the substrate is not deformed and accurately engages the support. The distance between the back surface of the substrate and the surface of the support on a microscopic scale is related with the roughness of the pieces present and remains statistically constant on an average over the whole surface of the substrate. To the extent to which the caloric losses by radiation of the substrate and/or the quantity of heat resulting from the energy produced at the substrate by the plasma are substantially uniform, this mode of construction leads, on an average, to a uniform heat exchange between the substrate and the support and therefore to a uniform distrubution of the temperature of the substrate. As will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter, the caloric exchange between the substrate and the support is subjected to periodical variations after the localization of the openings, but these fluctuations can be made sufficiently small and insignificant because of the thermal conduction of the substrate itself by choosing a sufficiently high density of the injection and exhaust openings or by increasing the average gas pressure on the back surface of the substrate.
It should be noted that, when the apparatus operates at a residual treatment gas pressure higher than the average pressure established on the back surface of the substrate, the means 35 for fixing the substrate, such as shown in Figure 1, can be eliminated.
Figure 5 relates to another embodiment of the invention and shows another example of distribution of the injection openings 20 and of the exhaust openings 23 on a part of the surface of the support 11. In order to locally modify the heat exchange between the substrate and the support and to correct the temperature differences of the substrate ensuing from the treatment conditions in the mode of construction shown in Figure 5, one of the densities of openings varies as a function of the position. In the example shown, the density of injection openings 20 per unit surface area of the support is substantially constant, while the density of the exhaust openings 23 is higher in the region limited by the circle A than in the region limited by the circle B, in which it is only 2/3 of the density of the region A. Thus, the heat exchange between the substrate and the support can be increased in the region B as compared with the heat exchange corresponding to the region A so that a temperature difference of the substrate can be corrected, which could have been observed by utilizing a substrate having uniform densities of openings. Figure 5 shows also at the periphery of the support 11 the peripheral groove 22 and two supplementery discharge openings 13.
Another method can be utilized to obtain a correction of the temperature differences at the surface of the substrate, which method is based on a sequence of experiments in which successive local corrections are effected. From given densities of injection openings and exhaust openings, the distribution of the temperature of the substrate is observed in conditions corresponding to a particular method. Subsequently, local corrections are effected in the heat exchange between the support 11 and the substrate 10, either by stopping per position locally one or several injection openings so as to decrease the heat exchange or by stopping locally one or several exhaust openings so as to increase the heat exchange at this given area. An increase of the diameter of given injection openings by boring would also result in a local increase of the heat exchange comparable with the effect of the stopping of given exhaust openings. As can be seen, the invention thus permits, whilst causing the density of the injection openings and/or the density of exhaust openings or the ration between these densities of openings or the diameter of given openings to vary locally, of considerably reducing the temperature difference which can be observed at the surface of the substrate during a given treatment process. By way of example, causes can be mentioned leading to a lack of homogeneity of the temperature of the substrate: losses by radiation of the heated substrate, which are inhomogeneous and more particularly are different between the centre and the edge of the substrate, a power emitted by the plasma and transformed into heat in the substrate which is inhomogeneous because of the construction of the apparatus, and finally the deformation of the substrate (or curvature) due to a pressure difference between the back surface and the front surface of the substrate when the atmosphere of the vacuum chamber is at a pressure lower than the average pressure of the gas circulating between the back surface of the substrate and the support. In the last-mentioned case, the substrate 10 is immobilized on the support 11 by fixing means 35, which exert a force at the periphery of the substrate. The distance between the back surface of the substrate 10 and the supporting surface 11b of the support 11 and consequently the thickness of the cushion of gas varies along a substrate diameter. Therefore, a heat exchange is obtained which varies also along a diameter and this variation can be corrected by the means according to the invention which have just been indicated.
Figure 6 indicates diagrammatically the variation of the heat conduction C per unit surface area of a thin cushion of a given gas, for example helium, as a function of the pressure P. An arbitrary scale is chosen for the values C due to the fact that these values depend upon the thickness of the cushion of gas. However, the form of the curve remains substantially the same for sufficiently thin cushions of different thicknesses. The part of the curve indicated by 45a shows that the conduction C per unit surface area is substantially proportional to the pressure P for the small values of the pressure (that is to say below 100 Pa).
This curve part corresponds to the fact that the thickness of the gas cushion is lower than or of the same order as the average free path of the gas molecules and in this case the conduction per unit surface area is not very sensitive to the thickness of the gas layer. In the curve part indicated by 45b, the conduction on the contrary becomes substantially independent of the pressure, but it is then inversely proportional to the thickness of the gas cushion, which behaves like a fluid with laminar flow. The intermediate curve part indicated by 45c in the Figure indicates that the conduction is obtained by means of a mixed process, which is influenced both by the pressure and by the thickness of the gas cushion.
From a practical point of view, when the temperature differences of the substrate should be corrected by means of a non-uniform density of injection openings and/or of exhaust openings, use is to be made of conditions of gas injection under the back surface of the substrate situated in the curve parts 45a or 45c of Figure 6 and preferably in the part 45c in which the conduction is higher, whilst remaining influenced by the gas pressure applied locally under the back surface of the substrate.
A density of injection openings is fixed equal to the density of exhaust openings and equal to 1 opening/cm², which can readily be obtained in practice.
The flow rate of gas injected per second through all of the injection openings at a pressure Pi of about 1000 Pa envisaged at the inlet of the injection openings (and hence higher than the desired average pressure) is given by:
De = Pe Pi i.e. ̲ about 0.22 l/s
or for each the injection openings:
De = Pe Pi /N i.e. about 1.25 10⁻³ l/s.
Now such a flow rate is obtained approximately at the limit speed V* of flow of the gas (of the order of 200 m/s for a gas at a pressure of the order of 100 Pa) in an injection opening having a section s.
i.e. about 0.6 10⁻⁴ cm²
and a diameter d of injection openings:
i.e. about 0.9 10⁻² cm,
which is rounded off to 0.1 mm.
α(Pi/Pe) ½ ,
In the example described hereinbefore, it is found that for a substrate of silicon the temperature fluctuations are smaller than 5°C when the power dissipated by the substrate is 1 W/cm².
For example, if during the step of heating the support 11, the flow of gas originating from the reservoir 16 is eliminated whilst effecting a pumping through the exhaust openings 23, the heat exchange between the substrate 10 and the support 11 is very small due to the fact that the space separating them is under vacuum. The temperature of the substrate 10 does not follow the elevation of temperature of the support 11. When the latter has reached its nominal temperature, a flow of gas is applied in the injection openings 20 so that the substrate is then brought rapidly to a temperature close to that of the support.
With reference to Figure 7, an embodiment of the invention will now be described, which permits of obtaining also a rapid cooling of the substrate at the end of the treatment.
Figure 7 is an elevation analogous to that of Figure 2 relating to a support 111 modified with respect to that of Figure 2 by the addition of a supplementary part 111c of the support body adjacent to the part 111a of the carrier, but nevertheless separated therefrom by a supplementary space 124. Certain elements corresponding to those in Figure 2 are provided with like reference symbols.
Thus, the supplementary space 124 plays the part of a heat exchanger having a variable efficiency, which permits of thermally isolating the part 111a of the support body when it is heated by the coil 12 with respect to the part 111c which is cooled and of then cooling rapidly the part 111a - and also the substrate 10 - when the supply of the resistor 12 is stopped and a gas pressure is produced in the supplementary space 124.
Figures 8 and 9 show a further embodiment of a substrate support according to the present invention.
In order that the treatment at a high temperature can be carried out, the upper part of the workpiece support 205, is therefore provided with an electric heating device 250. This device is shown in vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale in Figure 8. This heating device has a plate 251, in which circular grooves 252 having a stepped cross-section are formed so as to be regularly distributed over the surface of the plate.
The regions of the grooves 252 located more deeply, which are arranged on circles 253 concentric to each other, which are interconnected through connection sections 254 from one circle to the next circle, constitute a gutter extending from the centre of the plate outwards along a series of lines for receiving a heater coil 256, as appears from Figure 9, which shows in one half of the Figure a plan view of the plate 251.
In the other half of Figure 9, the view of a further plate 255 is shown, which covers the plate 251 and is connected thereto. By this further plate 255 the grooves 252 arranged so as to be distributed over the whole plate surface and also communicating with each other in radial direction are covered so that ducts are formed for the gas distribution.
As appears from Figure 8, each groove 252 has a stepped cross-section and consists of a wider upper region and a narrower lower region, in which the electric heater coil 256 is arranged, which extends from the centre of the plate to the edge of the plate. The upper wider groove region constitutes a distribution space, which is connected to a duct 257 for supplying gas merging at the centre of the plate into the grooves 252. The covering palte 255 has a plurality of small bores 258, which are distributed regularly over its surface, pass through the plate and merge into the grooves 252. Through these bores 258, the gas flowing through the grooves 252 emanates, after which it constitutes a gas cushion between the surface of the plate 255 and the workpiece disposed thereon.
The gas serves to increase the heat transfer from the surface of the palte 255 to the back side of the workpiece. Moreover, the gas guarantees that the workpiece is heated fully uniformly throughout its surface. Thus, the workpiece may be heated, for example, to 500°C. In order to exhaust again this gas cushion, the plate 251 and the covering palte 255 have a plurality of bores 259, which are uniformly distributed over the plate surface, but extend beside the grooves 252 and along the latter, and pass through both plates in line with each other. These bores merge under the plate 251 into a gas exhaust space 260, from which the gas is conducted away. Slot-shaped openings 261 along the plate edge also serve for gas exhaust in order to ensure that the gas does not reach the processing space.
Apparatus for treating a flat substrate (10), under reduced pressure comprising a vacuum chamber (2a, 2b) provided with a substrate support (11) having a body (11a) with heating and/or cooling means (12) and a supporting surface (11b) at which a plurality of injection openings (20) is present communicating with an injection space (21) and a supplementary gas inlet (28), through which injection openings a gas can be supplied between the substrate and the supporting surface for forming a heat-exchanging gas cushion therebetween, characterized in that at the supporting surface (11b) also a plurality of exhaust openings (29) is present communicating with an exhaust space (24) and an exhaust outlet (18) through which exhaust openings gas form between the substrate (10) and the supporting surface can be exhausted, so that, while maintaining the gas cushion, gas injected through each of the injection openings is exhausted through adjacent exhaust openings.
Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the injection openings are identical to each other and are distributed according to a first given density of positions per unit surface area of the surface of the support and the exhaust openings are also identical to each other and are distributed according to a second given density of positions per unit surface area of the surface.
Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, characterized in that the first density of injection openings is substantially constant on the surface and in that the second densisty of exhaust openings is also substantially constant on the surface.
Apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, characterized in that the said first density of openings is substantially equal to the said second density of openings.
Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, characterized in that among the first density of injection openings and the second density of exhaust openings at least one of these densities varies in order to modify locally the heat exhange between the substrate and the support and to correct temperature differences of the substrate resulting from the treatment conditions.
Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of at least one of the pluralities of openings varies in order to locally modify the heat exchange between the substrate and the support.
Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that for a total number of injection openings lying between 100 and 200 the diameter of the injection openings lies between 0.5 and 0.2 mm and preferably is close to 0.1 mm, while the diameter of the exhaust openings lies between 1 and 3 mm.
Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the surface of the support on which the substrate bears comprises a peripheral groove communicating with the exhaust space by means of at least one supplementary exhaust opening.
Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the substrate support (11) further comprises a supplementary part (111c), having cooling means (130) which supplementary part is situated opposite to the supporting surface (11b) adjacent to the body part (11a) having heating and/or cooling means, but separated from the latter by a supplementary space (124), which is connected to a tube (108) through which a gas can be supplied to the supplementary space.
Workpiece carrier for a disk-shaped workpiece to be subjected to a surface treatment, in a vacuum apparatus, comprising a workpiece support, which constitutes a supporting surface for the workpiece, a heating and/or cooling means for the workpiece support, a plurality of emanation openings, which are distributed along and merge into the supporting surface and communicate with a distributor space, and a gas inlet connected to the distributor space for supplying a gas via the distributor space and the emanation openings for forming a heat-transferring gas cushion between the supporting surface and the workpiece, characterized in that in addition to the emanation openings (258) a plurality of exhaust openings (259) merge into the supporting surface, which communicate with a gas exhaust space (260), to which a gas exhaust outlet is connected.
Workpiece carrier as claimed in Claim 10, characterized in that the emanation openings (258) are identical to each other.
Workpiece carrier as claimed in Claim 11, characterized in that the emanation openings (258) are regularly distributed along the workpiece support (205).
Workpiece carrier as claimed in Claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that the exhaust openings (259) are formed in the same manner.
Workpiece carrier as claimed in Claim 13, characterized in that the exhaust openings are uniformly distributed along the workpiece support (205).
Workpiece carrier as claimed in any one of Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that, viewed from the supporting surface, the gas extraction space (260) is located under the distributor space (252).
Workpiece carrier as claimed in any one of Claim 10 to 15, characterized in that the supporting surface comprises a peripheral groove (261) communicating with the gas exhaust space (260).
Workpiece carrier as claimed in Claim 16, characterized in that the grooves (261) extend through the plate (251).
A vacuum processing chamber for treating workpieces comprising one or more workpiece carriers as claimed in at least one of Claims 10 to 17.
Method of manufacturing electronic devices, in which a flat substrate, in the manufacture of integrated circuits, is treated under reduced pressure in a vacuum chamber (2a, 2b) provided with a substrate support (11) having a body (11a) with heating and/or cooling means (12) and a supporting surface (11b) at which a plurality of injection openings (20) in present communicating with an injection space (12) and a supplementary gas inlet (28), in which method through said injection openings a gas is supplied between the substrate and the supporting surface for forming a heat-exchanging gas cushion therebetween, characterized in that, through a plurality of exhaust openings (29), which are also present as the supporting surface (11b) and which are communicating with an exhaust space (24) and an exhaust outlet (18), gas from between the substrate and the supporting surface is exhausted, so that, while maintaining the gas cushion, gas injected through each of the injection openings is exhausted through adjacent exhaust openings.
EP90908310A 1989-05-08 1990-05-07 Apparatus and method for treating flat substrates under reduced pressure Expired - Lifetime EP0423327B1 (en)
FR8906057 1989-05-09
FR8906057A FR2646861B1 (en) 1989-05-09 1989-05-09 substrate processing apparatus plans under partial vacuum
AT90908310T AT103645T (en) 1989-05-08 1990-05-07 Apparatus and process for treating a flat substrate scheibenfoermigen under low pressure.
EP0423327A1 EP0423327A1 (en) 1991-04-24
EP0423327B1 true EP0423327B1 (en) 1994-03-30
ID=25880670
EP90908310A Expired - Lifetime EP0423327B1 (en) 1989-05-08 1990-05-07 Apparatus and method for treating flat substrates under reduced pressure
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1990-05-07 JP JP2507759A patent/JP2935474B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1990-05-07 WO PCT/NL1990/000063 patent/WO1990013687A2/en active IP Right Grant
1990-05-07 US US07/613,667 patent/US5177878A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
1990-05-07 ES ES90908310T patent/ES2054357T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1990-05-07 EP EP90908310A patent/EP0423327B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 10, no. 120, 6 May 1986; & JP-A-60 245 778 *
JP2935474B2 (en) 1999-08-16
JPH04500502A (en) 1992-01-30
ES2054357T3 (en) 1994-08-01
EP0423327A1 (en) 1991-04-24
WO1990013687A3 (en) 1990-12-13
US5177878A (en) 1993-01-12
WO1990013687A2 (en) 1990-11-15
JP3889074B2 (en) 2007-03-07 Low pressure chemical vapor deposition apparatus
JP3311358B2 (en) 2002-08-05 Gas diffusion plate assembly, cvd apparatus and the gas diffusion plate and cvd reaction chamber of a high-frequency plasma cleaning device at the same time with chemical vapor deposition (cvd) apparatus used in method
1994-03-30 PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state announced via postgrant inform. from nat. office to epo
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