Source: http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US8025228
Timestamp: 2013-05-20 02:41:31
Document Index: 517086576

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 15', 'art 15', 'art 15', 'Application No. 03713485', 'Application No. 2002211769', 'Application No. 2003217534', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2425189', 'Application No. 03804323', 'Application No. 03804323', 'Application No. 03804323', 'Application No. 03804323', 'Application No. 01979848', 'Application No. 01979848', 'Application No. 03713485', 'Application No. 2007', 'Application No. 2007', 'Application No. 2007', 'Application No. 03713485', 'Application No. 7013101', 'Application No. 2004128075', 'Application No. 2004128075', 'Application No. 2008111640', 'Application No. 2004128075', 'Application No. 200403954']

�M�Q US8025228 - RF point of sale and delivery method and system using communication with ... - Google �M�Q�j�M �Ϥ� �a�� Play YouTube �s�D Gmail ���ݵw�� ��h »�i���M�Q�j�M | �������� | �n�J�i���M�Q�j�M�M�QA method and system for providing point-of-sale and point-of-delivery and/or distribution of products in a restricted access unit near the customer. The method and system utilize products equipped with radio frequency tags and reduce the effects of energy sharing, shadowing, and nulls. In one embodiment,...http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US8025228?utm_source=gb-gplus-share�M�Q US8025228 - RF point of sale and delivery method and system using communication with remote computer and having features to read a large number of RF tags���}��US8025228 B2�X���������v�ӽЮѽs��11/980,559�o�G���2011�~9��27���ӽФ��2007�~10��31�� �u���v���2000�~10��20����L���}�M�Q��US20080121700�o��HMichael DearingJulia E. KruegerWilliam A. LintonJohn LintonGediminas Vidugiris��M�Q�v�HPromega Corporation ���M�Q������235/385235/380��ڱM�Q������G06Q10/00G06Q30/00G07F7/02G06K7/08B65G61/00G07F9/02G06K7/12G07F7/08G06K7/10G06Q30/06G07G1/00G06K17/00G06Q10/08 �X�@����G06K7/10336F25D2700/08G07F9/026G07G1/0045G06Q10/08G06Q30/06G06Q10/087G06Q30/0603F25D2500/06G06K2017/0051G06K2017/0067 �ڬw������G06Q 30/06G06Q 30/0603G06Q 10/08G06K 7/10A8CG06Q 10/087G07G 1/00C2G07F 9/02D�ѦҤ��m�M�Q�ޥ� (103)�D�M�Q�ޥ� (176)�~���s�����M�Q�ӼЧ� ���M�Q�ӼЧ��M�Q����T�� �ڬw�M�Q��RF point of sale and delivery method and system using communication with remote computer and having features to read a large number of RF tagsUS 8025228 B2�K�n A method and system for providing point-of-sale and point-of-delivery and/or distribution of products in a restricted access unit near the customer. The method and system utilize products equipped with radio frequency tags and reduce the effects of energy sharing, shadowing, and nulls. In one embodiment, a plurality of RF tagged products are placed within a refrigerator, cabinet, or other micro-warehouse that has a door or opening that can detect access to the micro-warehouse. In one embodiment, one or more antennas are positioned within the door. Each antenna may have a transmission line of sight and be configured to emit a signal at predefined frequencies. Each antenna generates an electromagnetic field within the micro-warehouse. In one embodiment, the products are positioned in one or more bins, compartments, or similar devices located within the micro-warehouse such that at least two of the plurality of products are spaced a distance from each other to reduce energy sharing. The electromagnetic field is moved or altered within the micro-warehouse through the use of reflectors, devices that move the antennas, or other mechanisms.
27. The method of claim 26, further comprising sounding an alert if certain conditions programmed within the memory of the computer are satisfied. ����
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to methods and systems for distributing products to customers. More particularly, the invention relates to a system that tracks the use of products using radio frequency (��RF��) tags and provides information to a central computer to enable automated restocking, inventory, tracking, or reordering of the products.
The invention provides a system and method where a user need only find the product of interest and take that product. As compared to most Internet-based systems and methods, the invention is ��clickless.�� In other words, the invention requires little or no manual input from users. The invention provides a system for distributing a plurality of products. Each of the products has a radio frequency (��RF��) tag. As used herein, radio frequency means electromagnetic radiation that lies between audible and infrared radiation, including microwave radiation. Each tag is encoded with a unique identifying code. In one embodiment, the system is accessed by individuals possessing a radio frequency user badge with an identifying code. Alternatively, the system could rely on magnetic swipe cards, password systems, biometric devices (such as a retinal scanner, thumb or finger print reader, voice identification unit, or the like), bar code cards, or other systems for limiting access to authorized individuals.
The system includes one or more cabinets, refrigerators, similar storage units, (generically referred to as ��micro-warehouses��) or even secured rooms that are stocked with the RF tagged products and accessed by individuals through one of the mechanisms described above. In one embodiment, each micro-warehouse defines an RF cavity, has a door that may be equipped with a lock (such as an electric-actuated lock), an antenna or antenna array mounted on or in the micro-warehouse, a client controller (or similar programmable device) coupled to the lock and the antenna, a badge or key reader, and an output or user-feedback device such as a light, audio device, or display. Using a signal from the badge or key reader, the client controller checks the identity of the individual accessing the micro-warehouse, such as by reading the code of the user badge. The user feedback device is then activated to indicate whether the individual attempting to access the micro-warehouse is authorized to access the unit. If the code or other identifier matches stored records of authorized users, the client controller opens the door and the user may remove desired products from the micro-warehouse. Once the user closes the door (and in some embodiments, the door is locked), the client controller performs a scan of the products remaining in the micro-warehouse to determine the identity of each of the products. The client controller then generates a message including the identity of each of the products or other message related to the products taken. That message or a second message based on the first is sent to a server. The server tracks product and user information automatically, that is, without relying on user input. The server also generates orders for products taken from the micro-warehouse by the user. The server can be programmed to automatically place those orders. This eliminates the need for the customer to re-order consumed items.
In one preferred embodiment, tagged products are positioned such that each tag on each product is organized in an orderly fashion such that 1) the likelihood of a tag being shadowed by an RF absorbing substance within the cavity is reduced, 2) the likelihood of one tag sharing energy with another due to too close proximity is reduced, and 3) the orientation of the tags located in the fringe RF areas, and in the nulls of the cavity, increases the RF cross-section and energy absorbency of each such tag. Some of the above three desirable characteristics may be achieved by placing the tags such that they are generally orthogonal to the transmission line of sight (as opposed to being positioned generally parallel) of at least one antenna within the array. In addition, at least two of the plurality of products may be spaced a distance from each other such that energy sharing is reduced. (��Energy sharing�� is a phenomenon where one or more tags positioned in close proximity share energy from an electromagnetic wave traveling through the volume such that one or more of the tags fails to receive sufficient energy to be energized and, therefore, fail to emit an identifying signal.) In one form of the invention, the distance is based on the wavelength of the signal(s) from the antenna array and is a fraction thereof. In one preferred embodiment, the distance is about 3 to about 6 cm.
It is also preferable that each tag have the ability to cloak itself for a predetermined amount of time. The amount of time may be in a range that is based on the maximum number of tags in the micro-warehouse and the temperature of the tags. In one embodiment, this time is about 1-5 seconds when the tagged products are stored at a temperature of −20�X C. However, the amount of time is variable and depends on the temperature inside the MW, the tag type, the tag transmission algorithm, and the existence or not of a wake or decloak function. The cloaking time is selected to allow de-cloaking such that another scan can be done within an algorithmically acceptable time period.
A controller (often referred to as a ��client controller��) is coupled to the antenna array and is operable to control the antenna array such that a series of scans or runs are performed. In a preferred embodiment, the controller is operable to perform a baseline run, an inventory run, and a background run. The controller generates messages indicative of changes in the presence of tagged items within the micro-warehouse and stores those messages in a queue or buffer. The controller also calculates an integrity value, compares that value to a predetermined integrity value, and reports the comparison in the message.
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system 25 embodying the invention. The system 25 includes two servers (maintenance and commerce) 26 and 27 that create and maintain user lists, perform inventory, account, ordering functions, and monitoring functions, such as micro-warehouse status, monitoring temperature, and other faults. Servers 26 and 27 may communicate with a client (and, more particularly, a computer or similar device such as the controller in a micro-warehouse (��MW��) discussed below) using standard protocols such as TCP/IP, UDP, or other protocols over a network 28. The network 28 may be the Internet, a telephone network, a wireless network, power line carrier (��PLC��) network, or other type of network and combinations thereof. In the embodiment shown, servers 26 and 27 include standard hardware and operating system software (not shown). Running on top of the hardware and operating system software is a MW enterprise application 29. The MW enterprise application 29 accesses a profile database 30 that includes a registration module 31, an order history module 32, an account set-up module 33, and a stock request module 34. Each of the modules 31-34 is maintained for each client coupled to the server 27. The modules may be configured with web content designed to be accessible by a system administrator using protocols for the World Wide Web section of the Internet.
As best seen by reference to FIG. 2, the MW enterprise application 29 performs numerous functions. Broadly, the MW enterprise application 29 controls the administration of the radio frequency identification (��RFID��) badges or other user badges or keys (discussed below), manages communication sessions with clients connected to the server 27, maintains an inventory of products for each client connected to the servers 26 and 27, checks inventory of MWs, and in some embodiments, other MWs local to the specific MW of interest, before ordering a product, manages security of communications, provides system administration functionality, and monitors and maintains the health of clients connected to the servers.
The server 27 also accesses a commerce engine 35 that uses information received from a client (or MW) to generate orders that are delivered to a fulfillment infrastructure (not shown). The fulfillment infrastructure produces products to be distributed using the system and method of the invention. The information may be used by a manufacturing infrastructure and marketing, customer relation management (��CRM��), billing, and other systems and functions (all not shown). For example, the invention may be used in the distribution of life science research products such as enzymes, assays, cloning vectors, competent cells, and the like. (Of course, a wide variety of non-biological products could be distributed using the invention.) The information provided by the server 27 is used in the manufacturing infrastructure to ensure proper production of products according to the demand for such products. As noted above, the server 27 may be coupled to a plurality of clients or MWs. An exemplary client in the form of the MW 36 is shown in FIG. 1. While only one client is shown, the number of clients connected to the server 27 is limited only by the server's internal capacity and the capacity of the network 28.
The MW 36 may include a specialized badge or card reader 47 (generically a ��key reader��) in the form of a magnetic card swipe device, an antenna, a fingerprint reader, or similar device. The reader 47 is coupled to the client controller 45 via a communication link 49. The MW 36 may also include internal and ambient temperature sensors 55 and 56. The temperature sensors 55 and 56 are coupled to the client controller 45 to provide temperature information to the client controller. Additional information may be provided to the client controller through optional input devices. The location of the MW 36 may be monitored by a global positioning system (GPS) device (not shown) plus inertial frame recognition for fine measurement and for interpolation between GPS satellite acquisitions. Motion and shock of transport may be monitored with an accelerometer (not shown). The voltage, current, and other characteristics of electrical supply lines may be monitored and provided to the client controller 45 by a power-line-monitoring device (also not shown). The on/off duty cycle of the current supplied to the refrigeration compressor can be used, with the internal and ambient temperatures, to indicate the relative health of the compressor. Additional input devices, such as cameras, microphones, sensors, etc., could be coupled to the client controller to monitor environmental and other conditions.
The client controller 45 includes software to carry out several functions that are discussed in greater detail below. If desired, the client controller 45 may be a consumer grade device, such as a Palm Pilot® personal digital assistant, Packet PC device, or a personal computer, modified according to the teachings herein. Depending on the hardware used, the client controller 45 may be configured with a graphical user interface (��GUT��) to facilitate interaction between the system 25 and its users.
The inventory message can be used for other purposes as well. For example, the inventory message includes information regarding individual products 90. Therefore, the amount of time a particular product 90 spends in any MW 36 may be recorded by the server, as well as the product's temperature history. If time is recorded, it is also possible to compare the amount of time any particular product 90 spends in a MW 36 to a shelf life or acceptable usable life for that product. Temperature history can also be stored and compared to other data. If the shelf life is passed, then an expiration message, such as a pick list, may be generated and sent to the MW 36 or an electronic mail address of a user of the system to inform the user that certain products should be removed from the MW 36 and not used. Temperature history and time sent by the MW 36 to the server 27 may also be used to calculate a ��storage-degree-day�� value to for each product 90 in the MW 36. This value may, in turn, be used to make an activity projection and expiry threshold for the subject products 90. The administrator of the MW 36 may then use this information to remove expired products from the MW 36.
In yet another implementation, the inventory message may be used to determine the type of products 90 in the MW 36. If any of the products present within the MW 36 are subject to a recall by the manufacturer, the MW 36 may be placed in a ��lock down�� condition, whereby access to the MW 36 is denied until an administrator or other authorized individual removes the recalled product or otherwise addresses the situation. In addition to its use to protect against the use of recalled products, the lock down feature is useful for controlling the distribution of potentially spoiled or degraded products and other products where exacting product specifications and quality controls are desired, such as pharmaceutical products and controlled substances.
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate additional features of the system 25. As shown in FIG. 4, the system 25 may be implemented such that the MW 36 communicates with a telephone system or similar access point 105 through a wireless communication link 107. The access point 105 may be connected to a network service provider such as an Internet service provider (��ISP��) 110. The service provider 110 may provide a connection to the network 28 (which is shown as the Internet in FIG. 4). FIG. 5 provides additional details concerning the exemplary fulfillment infrastructure noted above. Servers 26 and 27 may be configured in a cluster 112 with a middleware server 114, which in one form of the invention takes the form of an extensible markup language (��XML��) middleware server 114. The cluster 112 is protected by a firewall 116 and communicates with an enterprise computer 118 (such as a mainframe) which may run various enterprise resource planning (��ERP��), CRM, manufacturing, and other business process programs. The enterprise computer 118 communicates with an enterprise database 120, which is also accessible by the server 27. It should be understood that the cluster 112 may consist of any number of hardware or software servers and that the exact configuration may be modified depending on how the invention is implemented. In general, it is possible to combine functionality on one server or to separate out operations and functionality on multiple servers beyond those shown and described herein.
Before discussing embodiments of the invention in greater detail, some premises of their design, particularly the designs shown in FIGS. 6 and higher, need to be addressed. First, for those embodiments implemented in a micro-warehouse, RF cavity considerations are important. Second, the particular embodiments described are designed to be compliant with Part 15 of the regulations issued by the United States Federal Communications Commission (��FCC��). Part 15 of the FCC regulations places limitations on antenna powers and frequencies that may be used in systems, such as the current one, where RF tags are scanned. In order to meet the requirements of Part 15 as well as the requirements of scanning numerous tags within a relatively small volume (or RF cavity), an antenna frequency in the GHz range (or microwave range) was chosen. In particular, the inventors discovered that a frequency of about 2.45 GHz was best suited for the applications discussed herein. Nevertheless, alternative embodiments of the invention could be configured to operate at different power ratings and frequencies (for example, MHz embodiments), as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art after reviewing the designs and teachings set forth herein.
FIG. 10 schematically illustrates one exemplary embodiment of the architecture of the controller 256. The controller 256 includes a central processing unit or processor 400 that receives time signals (e.g., time of day) from a real-time clock 402. In one embodiment, the real-time clock is synchronized periodically to a standard time reference, S such as the atomic standard clock at the National Institute of Standards (��NIST��), connected to the real time clock 402 through the network 28. Synchronization of the real-time clock 402 helps ensure accuracy in time stamping the transactions (e.g., taking and placing tagged products in the freezer 230) controlled by the controller 256. The processor 400 receives inputs from an optional biometric device 404, a badge or key reader or similar device 408, and the antennas 262-267. The antennas 262-267 receive information from the tagged products 270 within the freezer 230. The tags 272 on the products 270 produce identifying signals in response to being excited by signals transmitted from the antennas 262-267. The processor 400 sends signals to the antennas 262-267 through a controller 412. The controller 412 provides a command signal to a multiplexer 413, which addresses each antenna 262-267. One controller suitable for use as the controller 412 is an SCS 511 scanner with 100 398 multiplexer available from Single Chip Systems (��SCS��) Corporation, San Diego, Calif. The interrogation operation (energization of and then reading of signals emitted by the tags) performed by the controller 412 and antenna array 261 will be discussed in further detail below.
The processor 400 reads and writes data to a memory 414. The processor 400 also controls a display 416, which is used to communicate with users of the freezer 230. The display 416 may be a simple lighted logo display which when lit indicates authorization of access to the freezer 230 and when unlit or lit in another color indicates denial of access to the freezer 230. A proximity sensor, e.g., the sensor 420, may be positioned on the door 236 or around the opening 234 to provide information to the processor 400 regarding whether the door 236 is opened or closed or the area comprising the MW has been accessed. Information relevant to operation of the freezer 230 and protection of the products therein, such as temperature, power status, and the like (sometimes referred to as ��operational status,�� ��heartbeat,�� or ��health�� information), is received over one or more input lines represented by communication link 422 from temperature, power, and positioning sensors, which are represented by the box 424. Communication between the processor 400 and the servers 26 and 27 (or server cluster 112) may be accomplished using a variety of technologies and hardware. FIG. 10 illustrates a wireless system 425 that is connected to an access port 430 via a communication link 432. 802.11b wireless links, available from many vendors, are suitable for use in the invention. In one preferred embodiment, wireless links from Aerocomm are used. The access port 430 may take the form of a modem or network interface device which may, in turn, be connected to an appropriate and compatible communication link such as a landline 434, wireless network 436, local area network 438, or the like. The access port 430 ultimately connects to a communication link or network (such as the network 28) that is linked to the server cluster 112.
Operational status (��health��) and related information of the relevant MW is received from a MW temperature sensor 605 and an ambient temperature sensor 606. A battery monitor 608 monitors power supplied to the processor 400. A current switch 609 is used to monitor the on/off duty cycle of the current supplied to the refrigeration compressor (not shown) in the freezer 230. Information from the switch 609 as well as information from the internal and ambient temperature sensors 605 and 606 can be used to determine the relative health of the compressor.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, two mechanical switches, a door switch or sensor 614 and a key switch 615, are used. The sensor 614 is equivalent to the sensor 420 and provides and indication of whether the door 236 is open or closed (or whether ingress or egress to a controlled or restricted access area has occurred as detected by some other sensor). The key switch 615 provides a mechanical mechanism for rebooting the processor 400 (a ��hard�� reboot). In addition, when turned to an off or disarm position (not shown) the key switch 615 provides an input to the processor 400 that causes the processor 400 to shut off. With the processor 400 shut off, the freezer 230 may be operated, if desired, as a normal freezer without any access restriction or inventory monitoring. As should be apparent, it is preferred that distribution of the key or keys compatible with the key switch 615 be limited to service or other authorized personnel.
Communication between the processor 400 and other devices such the server cluster 112 may be accomplished using a dual universal asynchronous receive transmit (��UART��) integrated circuit 638. For example, the circuit 638 may communicate with the wireless system 425. The circuit 638 may also communicate with a GPS system (not shown) through an interface circuit 640. Communication between the processor 400 and the controller 412 occurs through two lines 642 and 644. The controller 400 may also communicate to a maintenance computer through a connector interface circuit 650.
As may be apparent, the energization of multiple tags in a relatively small, defined volume (e.g., the RF cavity defined by the interior walls of the freezer 230) causes the tags 272 to simultaneously or nearly simultaneously emit identifying signals. The signals interfere with each other such that identifying any individual signal from any one specific tag 272 is difficult, and in some cases nearly impossible. In order to read numerous tags 272, a ��cloaking�� system can be used. In general, cloaking refers to shutting down or otherwise disabling transmission of the tag once it has been energized and identified by an interrogator (for example, controller 256). While cloaking is generally known, the inventors developed the specific use of the cloaking techniques described herein, including the specifications for minimum and maximum cloak time, and the cloak time distribution, with respect to RF cavity temperature.
(��Inventory IDs��) (i.e., identifying codes
A percentage expressed as ��0.90.��
As noted in Table 1, the read time (or for the specific embodiment discussed, ��ReadTime��) of a scan is the elapsed time from the start of a scan to the reading of any or all of the tags in the field generated by the antennas. The read time can be collected in either the non-cloaked or cloaked mode. The read time (which can also be a set of read times) can be sent to the server cluster 112 as part of each transaction that results from a scan. The read time can be used as a composite indicator of several operating parameters, such as temperature, product tag position in the RF cavity, RF interference in the cavity, etc. For instance, a gradual lengthening of the read time(s) for all tags in a RF cavity can correspond to an increase in interior temperature. It is possible to quantify a temperature change from the shift in a tag versus read time curve (such as the curve 725 shown in FIG. 21). As another instance, the shape of the curve of tag versus read time for the last few tags that were read can be used as an indicator of an RF anomaly in the RF cavity that is preventing the tags from getting enough power to respond. In this case, the normally linear curve becomes exponential for the last few tags. Operating parameters read from other sensors in the RF cavity, such as the temperature sensor, can be used with the read time curve to predict the condition that resulted in the change in the read time curve.
Once it is determined that a lockdown condition does not exist, the controller 256 performs a baseline run, queues (or places in a buffer) the inventory master value, and sets the lockdown flag to ��off,�� as shown at step 766. The controller 256 then executes a control idle loop (step 768) or, more broadly, a main processing loop. In the embodiment illustrated, the control idle loop includes five basic operations: a check diagnostic command operation (step 770), a poll user pass operation (step 772), a poll status operation (step 774), an update saved status operation (step 776), and a check alarm conditions operation (step 778). These steps are discussed in greater detail below. In summary, during these operations, the controller 256 determines whether the user has an authorized key and whether any alarm or other conditions are present. If any of the alarm or status conditions meet the requirements of a lockdown situation (as determined at step 780), the lockdown flag is set to ��on�� (step 782), information obtained about the inventory in and status of the MW 36 is sent to the server cluster 112 (step 784, background communication) and the control idle loop is executed again (as shown by loop 786).
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