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1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC First edition Functional safety Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector Part 2: Guidelines for the application of IEC Reference number IEC :2003(E)
3 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC First edition Functional safety Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector Part 2: Guidelines for the application of IEC IEC 2003 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: Telefax: Web: Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission Международная Электротехническая Комиссия PRICE CODE XB For price, see current catalogue
4 IEC:2003(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD... 4 INTRODUCTION Scope Normative references Terms, definitions and abbreviations Conformance to this International Standard Management of functional safety Objective Requirements Safety lifecycle requirements Objective Requirements Verification Objective Process hazard and risk assessment Objectives Requirements Allocation of safety functions to protection layers Objective Requirements of the allocation process Additional requirements for safety integrity level Requirement on the basic process control system as a layer of protection Requirements for preventing common cause, common mode and dependent failures SIS safety requirements specification Objective General requirements SIS safety requirements SIS design and engineering Objective General requirements Requirements for system behaviour on detection of a fault Requirements for hardware fault tolerance Requirements for selection of components and subsystems Field devices Interfaces Maintenance or testing design requirements SIF probability of failure Requirements for application software, including selection criteria for utility software Application software safety lifecycle requirements Application software safety requirements specification Application software safety validation planning Application software design and development...42
5 IEC:2003(E) Integration of the application software with the SIS subsystem FPL and LVL software modification procedures Application software verification Factory acceptance testing (FAT) Objectives Recommendations SIS installation and commissioning Objectives Requirements SIS safety validation Objective Requirements SIS operation and maintenance Objectives Requirements Proof testing and inspection SIS modification Objective Requirements SIS decommissioning Objectives Requirements Information and documentation requirements Objectives Requirements...55 Annex A (informative) Example of techniques for calculating the probability of failure on demand for a safety instrumented function...57 Annex B (informative) Typical SIS architecture development...58 Annex C (informative) Application features of a safety PLC...63 Annex D (informative) Example of SIS logic solver application software development methodology...65 Annex E (informative) Example of development of externally configured diagnostics for a safety-configured PE logic solver...69 Figure 1 Overall framework of this standard... 7 Figure 2 BPCS function and initiating cause independence illustration...21 Figure 3 Software development lifecycle (the V-model)...38 Figure C.1 Logic solver...64 Figure E.1 EWDT timing diagram...71 Table 1 Typical Safety Manual organisation and contents...47
6 IEC:2003(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION FUNCTIONAL SAFETY SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRY SECTOR Part 2: Guidelines for the application of IEC FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, and Guides (hereafter referred to as IEC Publication(s) ). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC has been prepared by subcommittee 65A: System aspects, of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement and control. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS 65A/387A/FDIS Report on voting 65A/390/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. IEC series has been developed as a process sector implementation of IEC series.
7 IEC:2003(E) 5 IEC consists of the following parts, under the general title Functional safety Safety Instrumented Systems for the process industry sector (see Figure 1): Part 1: Framework, definitions, system, hardware and software requirements Part 2: Guidelines for the application of IEC Part 3: Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date.
8 IEC:2003(E) INTRODUCTION Safety instrumented systems have been used for many years to perform safety instrumented functions in the process industries. If instrumentation is to be effectively used for safety instrumented functions, it is essential that this instrumentation achieves certain minimum standards. This International Standard addresses the application of safety instrumented systems for the Process Industries. It also deals with the interface between safety instrumented systems and other safety systems in requiring that a process hazard and risk assessment be carried out. The safety instrumented system includes sensors, logic solvers and final elements. This International Standard has two concepts, which are fundamental to its application; safety lifecycle and safety integrity levels. The safety lifecycle forms the central framework which links together most of the concepts in this International Standard. The safety instrumented system logic solvers addressed include Electrical (E)/Electronic (E)/ and Programmable Electronic (PE) technology. Where other technologies are used for logic solvers, the basic principles of this standard may also be applied. This standard also addresses the safety instrumented system sensors and final elements regardless of the technology used. This International Standard is process industry specific within the framework of the IEC series. This International Standard sets out an approach for safety lifecycle activities to achieve these minimum standards. This approach has been adopted in order that a rational and consistent technical policy is used. The objective of this standard is to provide guidance on how to comply with IEC To facilitate use of this standard, the clause and subclause numbers provided are identical to the corresponding normative text in (excluding the annexes). In most situations, safety is best achieved by an inherently safe process design whenever practicable, combined, if necessary, with a number of protective systems which rely on different technologies (for example, chemical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic, thermodynamic (for example, flame arrestors), programmable electronic) which manage any residual identified risk. Any safety strategy considers each individual safety instrumented system in the context of the other protective systems. To facilitate this approach, this standard requires that a hazard and risk assessment is carried out to identify the overall safety requirements; requires that an allocation of the safety requirements to the safety functions and related safety systems, such as the safety instrumented system(s), is carried out; works within a framework which is applicable to all instrumented methods of achieving functional safety; details the use of certain activities, such as safety management, which may be applicable to all methods of achieving functional safety. This International Standard on safety instrumented systems for the process industry: addresses relevant safety lifecycle stages from initial concept, through design, implementation, operation and maintenance and decommissioning; enables existing or new country specific process industry standards to be harmonized with this standard. This standard is intended to lead to a high level of consistency (for example, of underlying principles, terminology, information) within the process industries. This should have both safety and economic benefits.
9 IEC:2003(E) 7 Development of the overall safety requirements (concept, scope definition, hazard and risk assessment) Allocation of the safety requirements to the safety instrumented functions and development of safety requirements Specification Design phase for safety Instrumented systems Clause 11 Technical requirements Clause 8 Clauses 9 and 10 Design phase for safety instrumented system software Clause 12 Factory acceptance testing, installation and commissioning and safety validation of safety instrumented systems Clauses 13, 14, and 15 Operation and maintenance, modification and retrofit, decommissioning or disposal of safety instrumented systems Clauses 16, 17, and 18 Support Parts References Clause 2 Definitions and abbreviations Clause 3 Conformance Clause 4 Management of functional safety Clause 5 Safety lifecycle requirements Clause 6 Verification Clause 7 Information requirements Clause 19 Differences Annex A Guidelines for the application of part 1 PART 2 Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels PART 3 IEC 1827/03 Figure 1 Overall framework of this standard
10 IEC:2003(E) FUNCTIONAL SAFETY SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRY SECTOR Part 2: Guidelines for the application of IEC Scope IEC provides guidance on the specification, design, installation, operation and maintenance of Safety Instrumented Functions and related safety instrumented system as defined in IEC This standard has been organized so that each clause and subclause number herein addresses the same clause number in IEC (with the exception of the annexes). 2 Normative references No further guidance provided. 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations No further guidance provided except for and of IEC A safety function should prevent a specified hazardous event. For example, prevent the pressure in vessel #ABC456 exceeding 100 bar. A safety function may be achieved by a) a single safety instrumented system (SIS), or b) one or more safety instrumented systems and/or other layers of protection. In case b), each safety instrumented system or other layer of protection has to be capable of achieving the safety function and the overall combination has to achieve the required risk reduction (process safety target) Safety instrumented functions are derived from the safety function, have an associated safety integrity level (SIL) and are carried out by a specific safety instrumented system (SIS). For example, close valve #XY123 within 5 s when pressure in vessel #ABC456 reaches 100 bar. Note that components of a safety instrumented system may be used by more than one safety instrumented function. 4 Conformance to this International Standard No further guidance provided.
11 IEC:2003(E) 9 5 Management of functional safety 5.1 Objective The objective of Clause 5 of IEC is to provide requirements for implementing the management activities that are necessary to ensure that the functional safety objectives are met. 5.2 Requirements General No further guidance provided When an organization has responsibility for one or more activities necessary for functional safety and that organization works according to quality assurance procedures, then many of these activities described in this clause will already be carried out for the purposes of quality. Where this is the case, it may be unnecessary to repeat these activities for the purposes of functional safety. In such cases, the quality assurance procedures should be reviewed to establish that they are suitable so that the objectives of functional safety will be achieved Organization and resources The organizational structure associated with safety instrumented systems within a Company/Site/Plant/Project should be defined and the roles and responsibilities of each element clearly understood and communicated. Within the structure, individual roles, including their description and purpose should be identified. For each role, unambiguous accountabilities should be identified; and specific responsibilities should be recognised. In addition, whom the individual reports to and who makes the appointment should be identified. The intent is to ensure that everyone in an organization understands their role and responsibilities for safety instrumented systems The skills and knowledge required to implement any of the activities of the safety life cycle relating to the safety instrumented systems should be identified; and for each skill, the required competency levels should be defined. Resources should be assessed against each skill for competency and also the number of people per skill required. When differences are identified, development plans should be established to enable the required competency levels to be achieved in a timely manner. When shortages of skills arise, suitably qualified and experienced personnel may be recruited or contracted Risk evaluation and risk management The requirement stated in of IEC is that hazards are identified, risks evaluated and the necessary risk reduction is determined. It is recognized that there are numerous different methodologies available for conducting these evaluations. IEC does not endorse any particular methodology. Instead, the reader is encouraged to review a number of methodologies on this issue in IEC See for further guidance Planning The intent of this subclause is to ensure that, within the overall project, adequate safety planning is conducted so that all of the required activities during each phase of the lifecycle (for example, engineering design, plant operation) are addressed. The standard does not require any particular structure for these planning activities, but it does require periodic update or review of them.