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Patent US5856524 - Process for preparing compositions useful as intermediates for preparing ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA process for preparing compounds useful as intermediates used for preparing lubricant and fuel additives. The intermediates include the products prepared by the process and dilactones....http://www.google.com/patents/US5856524?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5856524 - Process for preparing compositions useful as intermediates for preparing lubricating oil and fuel additivesAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5856524 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/993,816Publication dateJan 5, 1999Filing dateDec 18, 1997Priority dateAug 22, 1995Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA2183612A1, DE69611011D1, DE69611011T2, EP0759435A2, EP0759435A3, EP0759435B1, US5739356, US5786490Publication number08993816, 993816, US 5856524 A, US 5856524A, US-A-5856524, US5856524 A, US5856524AInventorsJeffery G. Dietz, Mark R. Baker, Paul E. AdamsOriginal AssigneeThe Lubrizol CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (43), Classifications (58), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetProcess for preparing compositions useful as intermediates for preparing lubricating oil and fuel additives
US 5856524 AAbstract
A process for preparing compounds useful as intermediates used for preparing lubricant and fuel additives. The intermediates include the products prepared by the process and dilactones.
1. A composition comprising compounds of the formula ##STR13## wherein n=0; y=0 or 1; wherein X is a divalent hydrocarbyl group selected from the group consisting of ##STR14## when y=0, and ##STR15## when y=1 wherein R1 is H or a hydrocarbon based group;each R3 is independently H or hydrocarbyl; each R4 is independently a divalent hydrocarbylene group; R5 is H or hydrocarbyl; each of R6, R7 and R8 is independently H or a hydrocarbon based group, and T is --OH. 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein each of R1 and R3 is independently H or a lower alkyl or alkenyl group.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein each of R1 and R3 is H.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein X has the formula ##STR16##
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein X has the formula ##STR17##
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein at least one of R1, R6, R7, and R8 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 7 to about 5000 carbon atoms.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein R6 is an aliphatic group containing from about 10 to about 300 carbon atoms.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein R6 contains from 30 to about 100 carbon atoms and is derived from a polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymerized and interpolymerized C2-10 olefins.
9. The composition of claim 6 wherein at least one of R7 and R8 is an aliphatic group containing from about 10 to about 300 carbon atoms.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein at least one of R7 and R8 contains from about 30 to about 100 carbon atoms and is derived from a polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymerized and interpolymerized C2-10 olefins.
11. The composition of claim 8 wherein the olefins are 1-olefins.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the 1-olefins are ethylene, propylene, butene, isobutylene and mixtures thereof.
13. The composition of claim 12 wherein the 1-olefin is isobutylene.
14. The composition of claim 10 wherein the olefins are ethylene, propylene, butenes and mixtures thereof.
15. The composition of claim 1 wherein at least one of R7 and R8 is an aliphatic group containing from 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein at least one of R7 and R8 contains from 12 to about 50 carbon atoms.
17. The composition of claim 1 wherein R6 is an aliphatic group containing from 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.
18. The composition of claim 1 wherein R6 contains from 12 to about 50 carbon atoms.
19. The composition of claim 1 wherein R1 is H or lower alkyl.
20. The composition of claim 19 wherein one of R1 and R3 is H and the other is lower alkyl.
21. The composition of claim 3 wherein R6 is an aliphatic group containing from about 8 to about 150 carbon atoms.
22. The composition of claim 1 wherein R5 is H or a lower alkyl group.
23. A composition comprising compounds of the formula ##STR18## wherein n=0; y=1; wherein X is a divalent hydrocarbyl group; ##STR19## wherein R1 is H or a hydrocarbon based group; each R3 is independently H or hydrocarbyl;each R4 is independently a divalent hydrocarbylene group; R5 is H or hydrocarbyl; each of R6, R7 and R8 is independently H or a hydrocarbon based group, and T is selected from the group consisting of --OH and R5. 24. The composition of claim 23 wherein each of R1 and R3 is independently H or a lower alkyl or alkenyl group.
25. The composition of claim 23 wherein at least one of R1, R6, R7, and R8 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 7 to about 5000 carbon atoms.
26. The composition of claim 25 wherein R6 is an aliphatic group containing from about 10 to about 300 carbon atoms.
27. The composition of claim 26 wherein R6 contains from 30 to about 100 carbon atoms and is derived from a polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymerized and interpolymerized C2-10 olefins.
28. The composition of claim 25 wherein at least one of R7 and R8 is an aliphatic group containing from about 10 to about 300 carbon atoms.
29. The composition of claim 28 wherein at least one of R7 and R8 contains from about 30 to about 100 carbon atoms and is derived from a polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymerized and interpolymerized C2-10 olefins.
30. The composition of claim 27 wherein the olefins are 1-olefins.
31. The composition of claim 30 wherein the 1-olefins are ethylene, propylene, butene, isobutylene and mixtures thereof.
32. The composition of claim 31 wherein the 1-olefin is isobutylene.
33. The composition of claim 29 wherein the olefins are ethylene, propylene, butenes and mixtures thereof.
34. The composition of claim 23 wherein at least one of R7 and R8 is an aliphatic group containing from 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.
35. The composition of claim 23 wherein at least one of R7 and R8 contains from 12 to about 50 carbon atoms.
36. The composition of claim 23 wherein R6 is an aliphatic group containing from 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.
37. The composition of claim 23 wherein R6 contains from 12 to about 50 carbon atoms.
38. The composition of claim 23 wherein R1 is H or lower alkyl.
39. The composition of claim 26 wherein R6 is an aliphatic group containing from about 8 to about 150 carbon atoms.
40. The composition of claim 23 wherein R5 is H or a lower alkyl group.
41. A composition comprising compounds of the formula ##STR20## wherein n=0; y=0 or 1; wherein X is a divalent hydrocarbyl group selected from the group consisting of ##STR21## when y=0, and ##STR22## when y=1 wherein R1 is H or a hydrocarbon based group;each R3 is independently H or hydrocarbyl; each R4 is independently a divalent hydrocarbylene group; R5 is H or hydrocarbyl; wherein R6 contains from 10 to about 300 carbon atoms; each of R7 and R8 is independently H or a hydrocarbon based group, and T is selected from the group consisting of --OH and R5. 42. The composition of claim 41 wherein each of R1 and R3 is independently H or a lower alkyl or alkenyl group.
43. The composition of claim 41 wherein T is --OH.
44. The composition of claim 41 wherein each of R1 and R3 is H.
45. The composition of claim 41 wherein X has the formula ##STR23##
46. The composition of claim 41 wherein X has the formula ##STR24##
47. The composition of claim 41 wherein R6 contains from 30 to about 100 carbon atoms and is derived from a polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymerized and interpolymerized C2-10 olefins.
48. The composition of claim 47 wherein the olefins are 1-olefins.
49. The composition of claim 48 wherein the 1-olefins are ethylene, propylene, butene, isobutylene and mixtures thereof.
50. The composition of claim 49 wherein the 1-olefin is isobutylene.
51. The composition of claim 41 wherein R6 contains from 12 to about 50 carbon atoms.
52. The composition of claim 41 wherein R5 is H or a lower alkyl group.
53. A composition comprising compounds of the formula ##STR25## wherein n=0; y=0 or 1; wherein X is a divalent hydrocarbyl group selected from the group consisting of ##STR26## when y=0, and ##STR27## when y=1 wherein R1 is H or a hydrocarbon based group;each R3 is independently H or hydrocarbyl; each R4 is independently a divalent hydrocarbylene group; R5 is H or hydrocarbyl; R6 is H or a hydrocarbon based group, at least one of R7 and R8 is an aliphatic group containing from 10 to about 300 carbon atoms, and T is selected from the group consisting of --OH and R5. 54. The composition of claim 53 wherein each of R1 and R3 is independently H or a lower alkyl or alkenyl group.
55. The composition of claim 53 wherein T is --OH.
56. The composition of claim 53 wherein X has the formula ##STR28##
57. The composition of claim 53 wherein X has the formula ##STR29##
58. The composition of claim 53 wherein at least one of R7 and R8 contains from 12 to about 50 carbon atoms.
59. The composition of claim 53 wherein R5 is H or a lower alkyl group.
This is a division of Ser. No. 08/754,639 filed Nov. 21, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,356, which is a divisional of Ser. No. 08/517,893 filed Aug. 22, 1995, now abandoned.
This invention relates to a process for preparing compositions which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of low chlorine containing additives for lubricating oils and normally liquid fuels, compounds prepared by the process, and dilactone compounds.
Numerous types of additives are used to improve lubricating oil and fuel compositions. Such additives include, but are certainly not limited to dispersants and detergents of the ashless and ash-containing variety, oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear additives, friction modifiers, and the like. Such materials are well known in the art and are described in many publications, for example, Smalheer, et al, "Lubricant Additives", Lezius-Hiles Co., Cleveland, Ohio, USA (1967); M. W. Ranney, Ed., "Lubricant Additives", Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, N.J., USA (1973); M. J. Satriana, Ed., "Synthetic Oils and Lubricant Additives, Advances since 1979", Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge N.J., USA (1982), W. C. Gergel, "Lubricant Additive Chemistry", Publication 694-320-65R1 of the Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe Ohio, USA (1994); and W. C. Gergel et al, "Lubrication Theory and Practice" Publication 794-320-59R3 of the Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe, Ohio, USA (1994); and in numerous United States patents, for example Chamberlin, III, U.S. Pat. No. 4,326,972, Schroeck et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,904,401, and Ripple et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,602. Many such additives are frequently derived from carboxylic reactants, for example, acids, esters, anhydrides, lactones, and others. Specific examples of commonly used carboxylic compounds used as intermediates for preparing lubricating oil additives include alkyl-and alkenyl substituted succinic acids and anhydrides, polyolefin substituted carboxylic acids, aromatic acids, such as salicylic acids, and others. Illustrative carboxylic compounds are described in Meinhardt, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,234,435; Norman et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,892; LeSuer et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,454,607 and Rense, U.S. Pat. No. 3,215,707.
Many carboxylic intermediates used in the preparation of lubricating oil additives contain chlorine. While the amount of chlorine present is often only a very small amount of the total weight of the intermediate, the chlorine frequently is carried over into the carboxylic derivative which is desired as an additive. For a variety of reasons, including environmental reasons, the industry has been making efforts to reduce or to eliminate chlorine from additives designed for use as lubricant or fuel additives.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide low chlorine or chlorine free intermediates which can be used to prepare low chlorine or chlorine free derivatives for use in lubricants and fuels.
The present invention provides a process and products prepared by the process and also dilactones which meet this requirement.
B. B. Snider and J. W. van Straten, J. Org. Chem., 44, 3567-3571 (1979) describe certain products prepared by the reaction of methyl glyoxylate with several butenes and cyclohexenes. K. Mikami and M. Shimizu, Chem. Rev., 92, 1021-1050 (1992) describe carbonyl-ene reactions, including glyoxylate-ene reactions. D. Savostianov (communicated by P. Pascal), C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 263, (605-7) (1966) relates to preparation of some α-hydroxylactones via the action of glyoxylic acid on olefins. M. Kerfanto et. al., C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 264, (232-5) (1967) relates to condensation reactions of α-α-di-(N-morpholino) acetic acid and glyoxylic acid with olefins. B. B. Jarvis et al, Synthesis, 1079-82 (1990) relates to reactions of oxocarboxylic acids with olefins under acidic conditions to give α-hydroxy butyrolactones.
This invention provides a process for reacting, usually in the presence of an acidic catalyst,
(A) at least one olefinic compound of the general formula
wherein each of R1 and R2 is, independently, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon based group and each of R6, R7 and R8 is, independently, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon based group, and
(B) at least one carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula
and compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein each of R3, R5 and R9 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, wherein the reactants are reacted in amounts ranging from more than 1.5 moles up to about 3 moles (B) per equivalent of (A), wherein equivalents of (A) are defined hereinafter.
Products prepared by this process are also provided.
The present invention also provides a composition comprising regiosomers selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein each R1 is H or a hydrocarbon based group, each R3 is H or hydrocarbyl;
each R4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group;
each n=0 or 1;
wherein X is a divalent hydrocarbyl group selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## each R5 is H or hydrocarbyl; and each of R6, R7 and R8 is independently H or a hydrocarbon based group, and T is selected from the group consisting of --OH and R5.
As used herein, the terms "hydrocarbon", "hydrocarbyl" or "hydrocarbon based" mean that the group being described has predominantly hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention. These include groups that are purely hydrocarbon in nature, that is, they contain only carbon and hydrogen. They may also include groups containing substituents or atoms which do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group. Such substituents may include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, etc. These groups also may contain hetero atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Therefore, while remaining predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this invention, these groups may contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
Throughout the specification and claims the expression oil soluble or dispersible is used. By oil soluble or dispersible is meant that an amount needed to provide the desired level of activity or performance can be incorporated by being dissolved, dispersed or suspended in an oil of lubricating viscosity. Usually, this means that at least about 0.001% by weight of the material can be incorporated in a lubricating oil. For a further discussion of the terms oil soluble and dispersible, particularly "stably dispersible", see U.S. Pat. No. 4,320,017 which is expressly incorporated herein by reference for relevant teachings in this regard.
As noted hereinabove, provided by this invention is a process for preparing low chlorine or chlorine free compositions useful as intermediates for preparing low chlorine or chlorine free additives for lubricating oil and fuel compositions.
The present invention relates to a process comprising reacting, usually in the presence of an acidic catalyst, more than 1.5 moles, preferably from about 1.6 to about 3 moles of (B) at least one carboxylic reactant per equivalent of (A) at least one olefinic compound wherein (A) and (B) are defined in greater detail hereinbelow.
All of the reactants may be present at the same time. It has been found that improvements in yield and purity of product are sometimes attained when the carboxylic reactant (B) is added portionwise over an extended period of time, usually up to about 10 hours, more often from 1 hour up to about 6 hours, frequently from about 2-4 hours. However, it is generally preferred to have all of the reactants present at the outset. Water is removed during reaction.
Optionally the process may be conducted in the presence of a solvent. Well known solvents include aromatic and aliphatic solvents, oil, etc. When a solvent is used, the mode of combining reactants does not appear to have any effect.
The process of this invention is optionally conducted in the presence of an acidic catalyst. Acid catalysts, such as organic sulfonic acids, for example, paratoluene sulfonic acid and methane sulfonic acid, heteropolyacids, the complex acids of heavy metals (e.g., Mo, W, Sn, V, Zr, etc.) with phosphoric acids (e.g., phosphomolybdic acid), and mineral acids, for example, H2 SO4 and phosphoric acid, are useful. The amount of catalyst used is generally small, ranging from about 0.01 mole % to about 10 mole %, more often from about 0.1 mole % to about 2 mole %, based on moles of olefinic reactant.
The olefinic compound employed as a reactant in the process of this invention has the general formula
wherein each of R1 and R2 is, independently, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon based group and each of R6, R7 and R8 is, independently, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon based group provided that at least one is a hydrocarbon based group containing at least 7 carbon atoms. These olefinic compounds are diverse in nature.
Virtually any compound containing an olefinic bond may be used provided it meets the general requirements set forth hereinabove for (III) and does not contain any functional groups (e.g., primary or secondary amines) that would interfere with the carboxylic reactant (B). Useful olefinic compounds may be terminal olefins, i.e., olefins having a ##STR4## group, or internal olefins. Useful olefinic compounds may have more than one olefinic bond, i.e., they may be dienes, trienes, etc. Most often they are mono-olefinic. Examples include linear ∝-olefins, cis- or trans- disubstituted olefins, trisubstituted olefins and tetrasubstituted olefins.
When (A) is a mono-olefin, one mole of (A) contains one equivalent of C═C; when (A) is a di-olefin, one mole of (A) contains 2 equivalents of C═C bonds; when (A) is a tri-olefin, one mole of (A) contains 3 equivalents of C═C bonds, and so forth.
In one embodiment, the olefinic compounds are substantially hydrocarbon, that is, each R group in (III) is H or contains essentially carbon and hydrogen. In one aspect within this embodiment, each of R1, R2, R7 and R8 is hydrogen and R6 is a hydrocarbyl group, frequently containing from 7 to about 5,000 carbon atoms, more often from about 30 up to about 200 carbon atoms, preferably from about 50 up to about 100 carbon atoms. In another aspect of this embodiment, each of R1 and R2 is hydrogen, R6 is H or a lower alkyl group and the group (CH(R7)(R8)) is a hydrocarbyl group, frequently containing from 7 to about 5,000 carbon atoms, more typically from about 30 up to about 200 carbon atom, preferably from 50 up to about 100 carbon atoms.
In one preferred embodiment, at least one R is derived from polybutene, that is, a polymer of C4 olefins, including 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutylene. Those derived from isobutylene, i.e., polyisobutylenes, are especially preferred. In another preferred embodiment, R is derived from polypropylene. In another preferred embodiment, R is derived from ethylene-alpha olefin polymers, particularly ethylene-propylene-diene polymers. Molecular weights of such polymers may vary over a wide range, but especially preferred are those having number average molecular weights (Mn) ranging from about 300 to about 20,000, preferably 700 to about 5000. In one preferred embodiment, the olefin is an ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer having Mn ranging from about 900 to about 2500. An example of such materials are the Trilene� polymers marketed by the Uniroyal Company, Middlebury, Conn., USA.
A preferred source of hydrocarbyl groups R are polybutenes obtained by polymerization of a C4 refinery stream having a butene content of 35 to 75 weight percent and isobutylene content of 15 to 60 weight percent in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum trichloride or boron trifluoride. These polybutenes contain predominantly (greater than 80% of total repeating units) isobutylene repeating units of the configuration ##STR5## These polybutenes are typically monoolefinic, that is they contain but one olefinic bond per molecule.
When the olefin is a tri-substituted olefin, it frequently comprises a mixture of cis- and trans- 1-lower alkyl, 1-(aliphatic hydrocarbyl containing from 30 to about 100 carbon atoms), 2-lower alkyl ethene and 1,1-di-lower alkyl, 2-(aliphatic hydrocarbyl containing from 30 to about 100 carbon atoms) ethane.
In one embodiment, the monoolefinic groups are predominantly vinylidene groups, i.e., groups of the formula ##STR6## especially those of the formula ##STR7## although the polybutenes may also comprise other olefinic configurations.
In one embodiment the polybutene is substantially monoolefinic, comprising at least about 30 mole %, preferably at least about 50 mole % vinylidene groups, more often at least about 70 mole % vinylidene groups. Such materials and methods for preparing them are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,286,823 and 5,408,018, which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. They are commercially available, for example under the tradenames Ultravis (BP Chemicals) and Glissopal (BASF).
As is apparent from the foregoing, olefins of a wide variety of type and of molecular weight are useful for preparing the compositions of this invention. Useful olefins are usually substantially hydrocarbon and have number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 70,000, more often from about 200 to about 7,000, even more often from about 1,300 to about 5,000, frequently from about 400 to about 3,000.
Specific characterization of olefin reactants (A) used in the processes of this invention can be accomplished by using techniques known to those skilled in the art. These techniques include general qualitative analysis by infrared and determinations of average molecular weight, e.g., Mn, number average molecular weight, etc., employing vapor phase osmometry (VPO) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Structural details can be elucidated employing proton and carbon 13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. NMR is useful for determining substitution characteristics about olefinic bonds, and provides some details regarding the nature of the substituents. More specific details regarding substituents about the olefinic bonds can be obtained by cleaving the substituents from the olefin by, for example, ozonolysis, then analyzing the cleaved products, also by NMR, GPC, VPO, and by infra-red analysis and other techniques known to the skilled person.
and compounds of the formula ##STR8## wherein each of R3, R5 and R9 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1. Specific embodiments of the groups R3 and R5 are set forth hereinabove where corresponding groups in the compound (I) are described. R9 is H or hydrocarbyl, preferably H or lower alkyl.
Examples of carboxylic reactants (B) are glyoxylic acid, and other omega-oxoalkanoic acids, keto alkanoic acids such as pyruvic acid, levulinic acid, ketovaleric acids, ketobutyric acids and numerous others. The skilled worker, having the disclosure before him, will readily recognize the appropriate compound of formula (V) to employ as a reactant to generate a given intermediate. Preferred compounds of formula (V) are those that will lead to preferred compounds of formula (I).
From the foregoing it is apparent that the various `R` groups in the product (I) correspond to or are derived from corresponding groups in the olefinic and carboxylic reactants.
The process of this invention is conducted at temperatures ranging from ambient up to the lowest decomposition temperature of any of the reactants, usually from about 60� C. to about 220� C., more often from about 120� C. to about 180� C., preferably up to about 160� C. The process employs more than 1.5 moles, preferably from about 1.6 to about 3 moles of reactant (B) per equivalent of reactant (A), more often from about 1.8 to about 2.5 moles of (B) per equivalent of (A) and preferably from about 1.9 to about 2.1 moles (B) per equivalent of (A).
In another embodiment, this invention relates to a composition comprising regioisomers selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula ##STR10## wherein y=0 or 1, n=0 or 1 and X is a divalent hydrocarbyl group selected from the group consisting of ##STR11## when y=0, and ##STR12## when y=1, and T is selected from the group consisting of --OH and R5. More often T is --OH.
Each R1 is independently H or a hydrocarbon based group. In one particular embodiment, each R1 is independently H or a lower alkyl group. As used herein, the expression "lower alkyl" refers to alkyl groups containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms. Examples include methyl, ethyl and the various isomers of propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and heptyl. In one especially preferred embodiment, each R1 is H.
Each R3 is independently H or hydrocarbyl. These hydrocarbyl groups are usually aliphatic, that is, alkyl or alkenyl, preferably alkyl, more preferably, lower alkyl. Especially preferred is where R3 is H or methyl, most preferably, H.
Each R4 is independently a divalent hydrocarbylene group. This group may be aliphatic or aromatic, but is usually aliphatic. Often, R4 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, more often from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms. The `n` is 0 or 1; that is, in one embodiment, R4 is present and in another embodiment, R4 is absent. More often, R4 is absent.
R5 is H or hydrocarbyl. When R5 is hydrocarbyl, it is usually an aliphatic group, often a group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, often from 8 to about 18 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, R5 is lower alkyl, wherein "lower alkyl" is defined hereinabove. Most often, R5 is H.
When at least one of R6, R7 and R8 is a hydrocarbyl group, it preferably contains from 7 to about 5,000 carbon atoms. More often, such groups are aliphatic groups. In one embodiment, R6 is an aliphatic group containing from about 10 to about 300 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, R6 contains from 30 to about 100 carbon atoms and is derived from homopolymerized and interpolymerized C2-18 olefins.
In a further embodiment, at least one of R7 and R8 is an aliphatic group containing from 10 to about 300 carbon atoms. Often, at least one of R7 and R8 contains from about 30 to about 100 carbon atoms and is derived from homopolymerized and interpolymerized C2-18 olefins. The polymerized olefins are frequently 1-olefins, preferably ethylene, propylene, butenes, isobutylene and mixtures thereof. Polymerized olefins are frequently referred to herein as polyolefins.
In yet another embodiment at least one of R7 and R8 is an aliphatic group containing from 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. In another embodiment at least one R7 and R8 is an aliphatic group containing 12 to about 50 carbon atoms. Within this embodiment, most often one of R7 and R8 is H and the other is the aliphatic group.
In one preferred embodiment, each of R1, and R3 is independently hydrogen or a lower alkyl or alkenyl group. In one especially preferred embodiment, each of R1 and R3 is hydrogen and each of y and n=0.
In another preferred embodiment, R6 is an aliphatic group containing from about 8 to about 150 carbon atoms, R5 is H, n is 0 and R3 is H.
The following examples are intended to illustrate several compositions of this invention as well as means for preparing same. Unless indicated otherwise all parts are parts by weight It is to be understood that these examples are intended to illustrate several compositions and procedures of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A reactor is charged with 450 parts of polyisobutene having Mn about 1000 and 92 parts 50% aqueous glyoxylic acid. The materials are heated under N2 at 200� C. to 205� for 36 hours while collecting 35 parts distillate in a Dean-Stark trap. The materials are stripped to 180� C. at 2 nm Hg pressure for 1 hour, then are filtered at 150� C. with a diatomaceous earth filter aid. Infrared spectrum shows prominent C═O absorption. saponification No.=36. Total acid No.=5.5
A reactor is charged with 380 parts polyisobutene having Mn about 1000 and 75 parts glyoxylic acid monohydrate. The materials are heated under N2 at 200�-210� C. for 7 hours while collecting aqueous distillate in a Dean-Stark trap. The materials are filtered at 150�-160� C. with a diatomaceous earth filter aid.
A reactor is charged with 300 parts polyisobutene (CE5203, BASF) having a Mn about 1000 and containing about 49 mole % terminal vinylidene groups, 88.8 parts 50% aqueous glyoxylic acid and 1 part sulfuric acid and a few drops of silicone antifoam agent. Under N2, the materials are heated to 100� C. and held at 100� C. for 1 hour, then to 125� C. and held at 125� C. for 2 hours, then heated to 150� C. and maintained at 150� C. for 3 hours, collecting a total of 49 parts distillate in a Dean-Stark trap. The materials are filtered at 150� C. with a diatomaceous earth filter aid. Saponification No.+71.4; total acid no.=27, 7% unreacted polyisobutene determined by thin layer chromatography using a flame ionization detector (TLC-FID).
A reactor is charged with 1360 parts polyisobutene (Glissopal ES3250) having Mn about 1000 and containing about 87 mole percent terminal vinylidene groups, 250 parts glyoxylic acid monohydrate and 1.35 parts 70% aqueous methane sulfonic acid. The materials are heated under N2 for 4 hours at 155�-160� C. while collecting 82 parts aqueous distillate in a Dean-Stark trap. The materials are filtered at 155�-160� C. with a diatomaceous earth filter aid. Infra red spectrum: very strong lactone C═O at 1774 cm-1. Saponification No.+107; Total acid no+31.8, 9% unreacted polyisobutene (TLC-FID).
A reactor is charged with 500 parts of the polyisobutene of Example 3 and 148 parts 50% aqueous glyoxylic acid. The materials are heated to 150� and held at 150� for 3 hours while removing aqueous distillate. Unreacted polyisobutylene (TLC-FID)+29.2% The materials are mixed at 150� with 144 parts mineral oil diluent the solution is filtered employing a diatomaceous earth filter aid. Saponification No.=46; total acid No.=13.
To a reactor are charged 1000 parts of the polyisobutene of Example 4, 296 parts 50% aqueous glyoxylic acid and a few drops silicone antifoam agent. The mixture is heated to 160� and is held at 160� for 16 hours while removing aqueous distillate. The material contains by TLC-FID 22% unreacted polyisobutene. Diluent oil, 287 parts, is added, the materials are heated to 110� C. and filtered with a diatomaceous earth filter aid. Saponification No.=57, Total acid no.=11.5.
A reactor is charged with 300 parts polyisobutene (Glissopal ES 3252, BASF) having Mn about 2400 and containing about 70 mole percent terminal vinylidene groups and 35.8 parts 50% aqueous glyoxylic acid. The materials are heated to 160� C. and are held at 160� C. for 16 hours. Unreacted polyisobutene (TLC-FID)=24%. Mineral oil diluent, 84 parts, is added and the materials are mixed at 110� C. the filtered with a diatomaceous earth filter aid. Saponification No.=22.4,Total acid No.=6.9.
A reactor is charged with 500 parts of polyisobutene (Ultravis 10, BP Chemicals) having Mn about 1000 which is heated to 100� C., then 9 parts 70% aqueous methanesulfonic acid are added followed by dropwise addition of 148 parts 50% aqueous glyoxylic acid over 0.5 hour. The temperature is increased to 150� C. and the materials are held at 150� C. over 12 hours. TLC-FID analysis shows 10.6% unreacted polyisobutene. The materials are mixed with 144 parts mineral oil diluent and filtered with a diatomaceous earth filter aid. Saponification no.=44, total acid no.=17.5.
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated replacing the polyisobutylene with an equivalent amount, based on C═C, of C16-18 alpha olefin.
The procedure of Example 2 is repeated replacing the polyisobutylene with equivalent amounts (based on C═C) of C24-28 alpha olefin.
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated replacing glyoxylic acid with an equivalent amount, based on --COOH, of pyruvic acid.
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated replacing glyoxylic acid with an equivalent amount (based on COOH) of levulinic acid.
A reactor is charged with 3000 parts of polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 2400 (Glissopal ES 3252, BASF), 230.3 parts glyoxylic acid monohydrate, 17.5 parts 70% aqueous methane sulfonic acid and a few drops of a silicone antifoam agent. The materials are heated under N2 purge (0.3 cubic feet per hour) to 130� C. and then are heated at 130� C. for a total of 11 hours while collecting a total of 140 parts aqueous distillate. The materials are cooled to room temperature, 2093 parts mineral oil diluent are added and the solution is stirred while heating to 130� C. whereupon the solution is filtered with a diatomaceous earth filter aid. Saponification no.=20.2; Total acid no.=6.7. Unreacted polyisobutylene=11% (TLC-FID).
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C08L23/26, C10L1/238, C10L1/198, C08F8/00, C10M129/93, C10L1/22Cooperative ClassificationC08F8/28, C10N2210/01, C10L1/198, C10M2207/129, C10M2207/122, C10M2207/124, C10L1/222, C10L1/231, C10L1/2475, C10M2207/289, C10L1/143, C10M2207/282, C10M2207/22, C07D493/04, C10M2207/281, C10L1/2418, C10L1/238, C10M2207/121, C10L1/1855, C10L1/2286, C10M2207/283, C10M2207/123, C10M129/93, C10L1/1881, C10M2207/286, C10M129/95, C10L1/1817, C10L1/19, C10M2207/125European ClassificationC08F8/00, C10L1/198, C10L1/185B1, C10L1/24P3, C10L1/18W, C10M129/95, C07D493/04, C10L1/14B, C10L1/238, C10M129/93Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 18, 1997ASAssignmentOwner name: LUBRIZOL CORPORATION, THE, OHIOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DIETZ, JEFFRY G.;BAKER, MARK R.;ADAMS, PAUL E.;REEL/FRAME:008911/0581Effective date: 19951019Jun 14, 2002FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 26, 2006REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJan 5, 2007LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesMar 6, 2007FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20070105RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services