Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8104079?dq=patent:+7360079
Timestamp: 2014-08-29 09:05:05
Document Index: 421553415

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 07112420', 'Application No. 96919405']

Patent US8104079 - Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsDisclosed herein are methods and systems for transmitting streams of data. The present invention also relates to generating packet watermarks and packet watermark keys. The present invention also relates to a computerized system for packaging data for transmission to a user. The system may utilize computer...http://www.google.com/patents/US8104079?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8104079 - Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidthAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8104079 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/383,289Publication dateJan 24, 2012Filing dateMar 23, 2009Priority dateApr 17, 2002Also published asUS7287275, US7530102, US8224705, US8473746, US8706570, US20030200439, US20080005571, US20080005572, US20090210711, US20120066402, US20130030938, US20130340100, USRE44222, USRE44307Publication number12383289, 383289, US 8104079 B2, US 8104079B2, US-B2-8104079, US8104079 B2, US8104079B2InventorsScott A. MoskowitzOriginal AssigneeMoskowitz Scott AExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (100), Non-Patent Citations (201), Referenced by (2), Classifications (21), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidthUS 8104079 B2Abstract Disclosed herein are methods and systems for transmitting streams of data. The present invention also relates to generating packet watermarks and packet watermark keys. The present invention also relates to a computerized system for packaging data for transmission to a user. The system may utilize computer code to generate a bandwidth rights certificate that may include: at least one cryptographic credential; routing information for the transmission; and, optionally, a digital signature of a certificate owner; a unique identification code of a certificate owner; a certificate validity period; and pricing information for use of bandwidth. The present invention also relates to an electronic method and system for purchasing good and services by establishing an account whereby a customer is credited with a predetermined amount of bandwidth usage, and then charges are assessed against the account in an amount of bandwidth usage which corresponds to the agreed upon purchase value for the selected item.
25. The system of claim 21, wherein the system transmits across a network each of the plurality of packets, together with its respective associated packet watermark, the system further comprising: a network device to receive the transmitted packets, which network device reassembles the data flow. Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/900,066, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/417,231, filed Apr. 17, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,287,275. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/372,788, filed Apr. 17, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
This application is also related to the following pending applications: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/046,627, filed Mar. 24, 1998, entitled �Method for Combining Transfer Function with Predetermined Key Creation� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,162); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/644,098, filed Aug. 23, 2000, entitled �Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,035,409); and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/767,733, filed Jan. 24, 2001, entitled �Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking�. The previously identified patents and/or patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference, in their entireties.
Each of the following applications is incorporated by reference, in its entirety: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/594,719, filed Jun. 16, 2000, entitled �Utilizing Data Reduction in Steganographic and Cryptographic Systems� (which is a continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT/US/00/06522, filed Mar. 14, 2000, which PCT application claimed priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/125,990, filed Mar. 24, 1999) (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,123,718); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/731,040, filed Dec. 7, 2000, entitled �Systems, Methods And Devices For Trusted Transactions� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,159,116); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/049,101, filed Feb. 8, 2002, entitled �A Secure Personal Content Server� (which claims priority to International Application No. PCT/US00/21189, filed Aug. 4, 2000, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/147,134, filed Aug. 4, 1999, and to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/213,489, filed Jun. 23, 2000) (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,475,246); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/657,181, filed Sep. 7, 2000, entitled �Method And Device For Monitoring And Analyzing Signals� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,346,472); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/671,739, filed Sep. 29, 2000, entitled �Method And Device For Monitoring And Analyzing Signals� (now abandoned); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/956,262, filed Sep. 20, 2001, entitled �Improved Security Based on Subliminal and Supraliminal Channels For Data Objects� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,127,615); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/731,039, entitled �System and Method for Permitting Open Access to Data Objects and For Securing Data Within the Data Objects,� filed Dec. 7, 2000 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,177,429); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/545,589, filed Apr. 7, 2000, entitled �Method and System for Digital Watermarking� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,166); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/999,766, filed Jul. 23, 1997, entitled �Steganographic Method and Device�; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/456,319, filed Dec. 8, 1999, entitled �Z-Transform Implementation of Digital Watermarks� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,853,726); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/674,726, filed Jul. 2, 1996, entitled �Exchange Mechanisms for Digital Information Packages with Bandwidth Securitization, Multichannel Digital Watermarks, and Key Management� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,362,775); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/369,344, filed Feb. 18, 2003, entitled �Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection, and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digitized Data� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,095,874); and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/789,711, filed Feb. 22, 2001, entitled �Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digital Data� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,107,451).
A watermark is a data object embedded inside a carrier that is used to authenticate the carrier without interfering with its normal usage. The classic historical example is a watermark in a bank note that authenticates the paper used for printing. More recently, digital watermarks have been developed to imperceptibly embed data in rich content objects to transmit all varieties of information. Digital watermarks can also be applied to functional data such as software or code by means of obfuscation of the actual functional code, license information, identity, or other uniqueness hidden in similar or nonfunctional code. Software watermarking is intended to assist in authenticating code in a manner more robust to the underlying functionality of the software than can be accomplished by simple digital signing of the code. Signing aesthetic or functional data at the inherent granularity of perception or function enables authentication of said data even after data compression or code optimization; but such watermarking can also be used to detect manipulations of the data at a subsequent time. The following applications and pending applications represent a variety of digital watermarking and steganographic ciphering applications, and are incorporated herein by reference: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/046,627, filed Mar. 24, 1998, entitled �Method for Combining Transfer Function with Predetermined Key Creation� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,162); pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/644,098, filed Aug. 23, 2000, entitled �Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,035,409); pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/767,733, filed Jan. 24, 2001, entitled �Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking�; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/545,589, filed Apr. 7, 2000, entitled �Method and System for Digital Watermarking� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,166); pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/999,766, filed Jul. 23, 1997, entitled �Steganographic Method and Device�; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/456,319, filed Dec. 8, 1999, entitled �Z-Transform Implementation of Digital Watermarks� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,853,726); and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/674,726, filed Jul. 2, 1996, entitled �Exchange Mechanisms for Digital Information Packages with Bandwidth Securitization, Multichannel Digital Watermarks, and Key Management� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,362,775). Other pending applications apply to a model for bandwidth optimization using digital watermarks (pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/369,344, filed Feb. 18, 2003, entitled �Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection, and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digitized Data� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,095,874); and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/789,711, filed Feb. 22, 2001, entitled �Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digital Data� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,107,451)), which applications are incorporated herein in their entireties. Less attention, however, has been paid to the concept of perceptible but non-interfering digital watermarks.
Sample Embodiment In one embodiment of the present invention, the packet watermark may be used to classify a stream of data for a particular QoS. In particular, the stream of data may be organized into a plurality of packets, and the sender may add a watermark to the header of each packet comprising the stream. The size of the watermark may vary, but for illustration, a 32-bit watermark is used. Preferably, the same 32-bit watermark may be placed in each and every packet in the flow. In a particular case of TCP/IPv4, the 32-bit watermark may be stored in the Stream ID option field (i.e., in the header) in the IPv4 packets. To indicate a QoS level for the flow, a portion of the watermark may be reserved for a QoS level identifier. For example, in the example of a 32-bit watermark, the 4 MSB's (�most significant bits�) of the watermark could be used to identify the QoS level, yielding 16 available levels, and the remaining 28 bits of the watermark could be used to uniquely identify the flow.
For example, the sender may create an array of SHA-1 hashes (or any hashing protocol deemed secure by the party or parties mutually) of the flow using a 4096 bit random sequence (the 4096 bit random sequence is referred to as the �Watermark Packet Key�). More particularly, the input to a hash function is comprised of three things: the Watermark Packet Key (in this case, 4096 bits), the Watermark (in this case, 32 bits), and a portion of the flow (for example, that portion of the flow that will be placed in a given packet). It is anticipated that the portion of the flow to be used as input to the hash function may comprise that the flow associated with one, two or even more data packets, but for purposes of illustration, the flow associated with one packet is used (i.e., the portion of the flow that will be inserted into one TCP/IPv4 packet). The output of the hash may have a predetermined number of bytes (usually as predetermined by the hash function�for example, 20 for SHA-1). The array is the set of all of the hash outputs generated using successively portions of the flow until the complete flow has been processed. The outputs of the hash, the Watermark Packet Key, and the 32-bit watermark are combined to create the Watermark Identification (�WID�).
V.sub.real=V.sub.theoretical+V.sub.C Time Value
Bandwidth rights instruments are likely to be highly localized to specific subnets, domains, internet service providers (�ISPs″�, portals, wireless networks, etc). Especially since certain types of connections may be available only from certain exchanges, and since failure probabilities are likely to vary with specific hardware, operating systems, and service providers (including ISPs). Additionally, the basic valuation equations above do not address telecommunications costs across various types of lines. This problem at least, can be solved by active maintenance of cost tables, designation codes for types of lines, and the designation of a low cost standard: a minimal intrinsic value to bandwidth is an example of a minimum cost. Secondary markets for the cash or cash equivalent value of bandwidth given the limitations of a particular means for bandwidth exchanges, including POTs, DSL, cable, fiber, wireless, etc., is enabled by features of the present invention given the link between supply and demand, additions of rights and options for time value, and the cost of bandwidth for objects being exchanged or streamed, in satisfying demand.
Sample Embodiment User A has a cellular phone and a personal digital assistant (�PDA�). He pays a fixed rate of $100 per month for 1000 minutes of cellular air time (which equates to $0.00167 per second). There are times at which this rate may be higher or lower or locations for which charges may be assessed when the use utilizes either device in some geographic location outside of, for instance, the location where the devices were registered for use. The user alternatively pays $200 per month for 1000 minutes for PDA connectivity (which equates to $0.00333 per second), which may include e-mail functions, image or audio file downloads or streams, and any other functionality commonly attributable to a general computing device such as a PC. The PDA may also place a cost structure on where the device is used in relation to its registration location and may charge for the amount of data which is uploaded, downloaded or exchanged. This may be measured in bandwidth terms (such as a charge per some amount of bytes or bits). The functionality being different for each device, an arbitrage opportunity exists if the user can trade his cellular phone minutes for PDA minutes. The benefits in this example are a 2:1 ratio of expense.
Sample Embodiment In this embodiment we use bandwidth to purchase other information resources such as kilowatts of power from a utility power grid. As such, bandwidth acts as a currency which has a defined (though perhaps fluctuating) value. The amount of bandwidth that is used to �purchase� a specified amount of power will be determined based on the market forces at play. The total amount of bandwidth will be the cost of the goods being purchased (in this case, the specified amount of power) plus the cost of the bandwidth used to complete the transaction�which may vary with the communication channel being used (e.g., the use of a PDA vs. the use of a cell phone). In effect, �bandwidth� is removed from my account in an amount necessary to complete the transaction. To further illustrate this point, it is assumed that the amount of power being purchased is valued at $50, and it is further assumed that the transaction requires 5 seconds of air time to complete. If the purchaser has an account balance of 60,000 seconds of air time (equating to 1,000 minutes), and the fair market value of the air time is $0.00167 per second, then the purchaser's account is debited 29,945 seconds (equating to $50.00835�in other words, the $50 for the power plus the cost of the air time to complete the transaction). In some circumstances, the total cost may be increased if there is a transactional cost in addition to the cost of goods and the cost of air time. For example, if the airtime is tied to a credit card, the credit card company may charge a transactional fee (e.g., 1% or more) for all transactions executed in connection with the credit card, in which case, the credit card may debit the purchaser's account an additional 1% of air time (by way of example) which the credit card company may utilize for internal purposes or may turn around and re-sell to another user.
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