Source: http://supreme.nolo.com/us/401/520/case.html
Timestamp: 2019-08-18 10:48:33
Document Index: 79787939

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 148', '§ 666', '§ 666', '§ 666', '§ 666', '§ 666', '§ 666', '§ 666', '§ 666', '§ 148']

UNITED STATES V. DISTRICT COURT FOR EAGLE COUNTY, 401 U. S. 520 - Volume 401 - 1971 - Full Text - US Supreme Court Center - USSC Cases - Nolo
US Supreme Court Center > Volume 401 > UNITED STATES V. DISTRICT COURT FOR EAGLE COUNTY, 401 U. S. 520 (1971) > Full Text
MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court. MR. JUSTICE HARLAN, though joining in the opinion, filed a concurring statement, post, p. 401 U. S. 530.
Eagle River is a tributary of the Colorado River; and Water District 37 is a Colorado entity encompassing all Colorado lands irrigated by water of the Eagle and its tributaries. The present case started in the Colorado courts, and is called a supplemental water adjudication under Colo.Rev.Stat.Ann. § 148 9-7 (1963). The Colorado court issued a notice which, inter alia, asked all
owners and claimants of water rights in those streams "to file a statement of claim and to appear . . . in regard to all water rights owned or claimed by them." The United States was served with this notice pursuant to 43 U.S.C. § 666. [Footnote 1] The United States moved to be dismissed as a party, asserting that 43 U.S.C. § 666 does not constitute consent to have adjudicated in a state court the reserved water rights of the United States.
It is clear from our cases that the United States often has reserved water rights based on withdrawals from the public domain. As we said in Arizona v. California, 373 U. S. 546, the Federal Government had the authority, both before and after a State is admitted into the Union, "to reserve waters for the use and benefit of
federally reserved lands." Id. at 373 U. S. 597. The federally reserved lands include any federal enclave. In Arizona v. California, we were primarily concerned with Indian reservations. Id. at 373 U. S. 598-601. The reservation of waters may be only implied, and the amount will reflect the nature of the federal enclave. Id. at 373 U. S. 600-601. Here, the United States is primarily concerned with reserved waters for the White River National Forest, withdrawn in 1905, Colorado having been admitted into the Union in 1876.
The United States points out that Colorado water rights are based on the appropriation system, which requires the permanent fixing of rights to the use of water at the time of the adjudication, with no provision for the future needs, as is often required in case of reserved water rights. [Footnote 2] Ibid. Since those rights may potentially be at war with appropriative rights, it is earnestly urged that 43 U.S.C. § 666 gave consent to join the United States only for the adjudication of water rights which the United States acquired pursuant to state law.
This provision does not qualify § 666(a)(1), for (1) and (2) are separated by an "or." Yet even if "or" be read as "and," we see no difficulty with Colorado's position. Section 666(a)(2) obviously includes water rights previously acquired by the United States through appropriation or presently in the process of being so acquired. But we do not read § 666(a)(2) as being restricted to appropriative rights acquired under state law. In the first place "the administration of such rights" in § 666(a)(2) must refer to the rights described in (1) for they are the only ones which, in this context, "such" could mean; and, as we have seen, they are all-inclusive, in terms at least. Moreover, (2) covers rights acquired by appropriation under state law and rights acquired "by purchase" or "by exchange," which we assume would normally be appropriative rights. But it also includes water rights which the United States has "otherwise" acquired. The doctrine of ejusdem generis is invoked to maintain that "or otherwise" does not encompass the adjudication of reserved water rights, which are in no way dependent for their creation or existence on state law. [Footnote 3] We reject that conclusion, for we deal with an all-inclusive statute concerning "the adjudication of rights to the use of water of a river system" which, in § 666(a)(1), has no exceptions, and which, as we read it, includes appropriative rights, riparian rights, and reserved rights.
It is said that this adjudication is not a "general" one, as required by Dugan v. Rank, 372 U. S. 609, 372 U. S. 618. This proceeding, unlike the one in Dugan, is not a private one to determine whether named claimants have priority over the United States. The whole community of claims is involved, and, as Senator McCarran, Chairman of the Committee reporting on the bill, said in reply to Senator Magnuson: [Footnote 4]
It is said, however, that, since this is a supplemental adjudication, only those who claim water rights acquired since the last adjudication of that water district are before the court. [Footnote 5] It is also said that the earliest priority date decreed in such an adjudication must be later than the last priority date decreed in the preceding adjudication. [Footnote 6] The last water adjudication in this water district was entered on February 21, 1966, and the United States was not a party to that or to any prior proceeding in this water district. The United States accordingly says that, since the United States cannot be barred by the previous decrees, and since the owners of previously decreed rights are not before the court, the consent envisaged by 43 U.S.C. § 666 is not present.
problems going to the merits, in case there develops a collision between them and any reserved rights of the United States. [Footnote 7] All such questions, including the volume and scope of particular reserved rights, are federal questions which, if preserved, can be reviewed here after final judgment by the Colorado court.
[For concurring statement of MR. JUSTICE HARLAN, see post, p. 401 U. S. 530.]
"Consent is given to join the United States as a defendant in any suit (1) for the adjudication of rights to the use of water of a river system or other source, or (2) for the administration of such rights, where it appears that the United States is the owner of or is in the process of acquiring water rights by appropriation under State law, by purchase, by exchange, or otherwise, and the United States is a necessary party to such suit. The United States, when a party to any such suit, shall (1) be deemed to have waived any right to plead that the State laws are inapplicable or that the United States is not amenable thereto by reason of its sovereignty, and (2) shall be subject to the judgments, orders, and decrees of the court having jurisdiction, and may obtain review thereof, in the same manner and to the same extent as a private individual under like circumstances: Provided, That no judgment for costs shall be entered against the United States in any such suit."
See Coffin v. Left Hand Ditch Co., 6 Colo. 443, 446; Mason v. Nill Land & Cattle Co., 119 Colo. 404, 204 P.2d 153.
See Comment, 48 Calif.L.Rev. 94, 111 (1960).
S.Rep. No. 755, 82d Cong., 1st Sess., 9. And see Pacific Live Stock Co. v. Oregon Water Bd., 241 U. S. 440, 241 U. S. 448.
Id. § 148-9-13.
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