Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20060024880?dq=6150774
Timestamp: 2016-05-26 03:38:26
Document Index: 304169622

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 506', 'art 506', 'arts 506', 'art 506', 'art 506', 'art 506', 'art 506', 'art 506', 'art 506', 'art 506']

Patent US20060024880 - System and method for micro-electromechanical operation of an ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn interferometric modulator is formed by a stationary layer and a mirror facing the stationary layer. The mirror is movable between the undriven and driven positions. Landing pads, bumps or spring clips are formed on at least one of the stationary layer and the mirror. The landing pads, bumps or spring...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060024880?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060024880 - System and method for micro-electromechanical operation of an interferometric modulatorAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060024880 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/189,690Publication dateFeb 2, 2006Filing dateJul 26, 2005Priority dateJul 29, 2004Also published asCA2575314A1, EP1779173A1, EP1855142A2, EP1855142A3, EP2246726A2, EP2246726A3, EP2246726B1, US7567373, US8115988, US20090022884, WO2006014929A1Publication number11189690, 189690, US 2006/0024880 A1, US 2006/024880 A1, US 20060024880 A1, US 20060024880A1, US 2006024880 A1, US 2006024880A1, US-A1-20060024880, US-A1-2006024880, US2006/0024880A1, US2006/024880A1, US20060024880 A1, US20060024880A1, US2006024880 A1, US2006024880A1InventorsClarence Chui, William Cummings, Brian Gally, Ming-Hau TungOriginal AssigneeClarence Chui, Cummings William J, Gally Brian J, Ming-Hau TungExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (99), Referenced by (216), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem and method for micro-electromechanical operation of an interferometric modulator
[0164] As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, this reverse driven state can be achieved in a number of ways. In one embodiment, the reverse driven state is achieved through the use of an additional stationary layer 502′ that can pull the deformable layer 506 in the upward direction, as depicted in FIG. 24C. In this particular embodiment, there are basically two interferometric modulators positioned symmetrically around a single layer 506. This allows each of the stationary layers 502 and 502′ to attract the layer 506 in opposite directions. Thus, while an initial voltage command may send layer 506 into the normal driven state (FIG. 24B), the next voltage command can accelerate the recovery of the deformable layer 506 by driving that layer towards the reverse driven state. In this mode, the deformable layer 506 is then attracted in the opposite direction to the stationary layer 502′. In this embodiment, the stationary layers 502 and 502′ may be in various constructions as described earlier in the disclosure, and do not have to be in the same construction at the same time. For example, the stationary layers 502 and 502′ can be in a single layer construction or in multiple sub-layer construction. In the illustrated embodiment, a support surface 500′ is maintained some distance above the deformable layer 506 through a second set of supports 504′. [0165] As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, not all of these elements will be required in every embodiment. For example, if the precise relative amount of upward deflection, such as that shown in FIG. 24C compared to FIG. 24A or 24B, is not relevant in the operation of the device, then the stationary layer 502′ can be positioned at various distances from the deformable layer 506. Thus, there may be no need for support elements 504′ or a separate substrate 500′. In these embodiments, it is not necessarily important how far upward the deflection of the deformable layer 506 extends, but rather that the stationary layer 502′ is configured to attract the deformable layer 506 at the appropriate time. In other embodiments, the position of the deformable layer 506 as shown in FIG. 24C may alter optical characteristics of the interferometric modulator. In these embodiments, the precise distance of deflection of layer 506 in the upward direction can be relevant in improving the image quality of the device. [0166] As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the materials used to produce the stationary layer 502′ (or its sub-layers) and substrate 500′ need not be similar to the materials used to produce the corresponding layer 502 and substrate 500. For example, in some embodiments, light need not pass through the layer 500′ while it may be necessary for light to be able to pass through the layer 500. Additionally, if layer 502′ is positioned beyond the reach of layer 506 in its deformed upward position, then a dielectric sub-layer may not be needed in the stationary layer 502′ as there is little risk of layer 506 contacting the conductive portion of the layer 502′. Accordingly, the voltages applied to layers 502′ and 506 can be different based on the above differences. [0167] As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the voltage applied to drive the deformable layer 506 from the driven state shown in FIG. 24B to the undriven state shown in FIG. 24A, may be different from that required to drive the deformable layer 506 from the state shown in FIG. 24A to the upward or reverse driven state shown in FIG. 24C, as the distance between plates 502′ and 506 is different in the two states. Thus, the amount of voltage to be applied is determined based upon the desired application and amounts of deflection. [0168] In some embodiments, the amount of force or the duration that a force is applied between the layer 502′ and the layer 506 is limited to that is necessary to merely increase the rate at which the interferometric modulator transitions between the driven state and the undriven state. Since the deformable layer 506 can be made to be attracted to either the layer 502 or 502′ which are located on opposite sides of the layer 506, a very brief driving force can be provided to weaken the interaction of the layer 506 with the opposite layer. For example, as the layer 506 is driven to interact with the layer 502, a pulse of energy to the opposite layer 502′ can be used to weaken the interaction of the layer 506 with the layer 502′ and thereby make it easier for the deformable layer 506 to move to the undriven state. Controlling Offset Voltages [0169] Traditionally, interferometric modulator devices have been designed such that there is a minimum, or no, fixed electrical charge associated with each layer. However, as current fabrication techniques have not been able to achieve a “no fixed charge standard,” it is frequently desirable to have the resulting fixed charge considered and compensated for when selecting the operational voltages used to control the deformable layer 506. [0170] Through testing various configurations of layers and various deposition techniques, the amount of fixed electrical charge that is associated with each layer can be modeled and used as design criteria to select materials and layer configurations that minimize the amount of total offset voltage imparted to the interferometric modulator. For example, one or more materials can be replaced in the interferometric modulator layers to change the electrical characteristics of the overall interferometric modulator device. [0171] Referring now to FIG. 24D, in some embodiments, the dielectric sub-layer 413 or another sub-layer of the stationary layer 502 is modified with a charged component in order to obtain a neutrally charged system. In the illustrated embodiment, the stationary layer 502 is in a two sub-layer construction, a dielectric sub-layer 413 is located on a sub-layer 416 that serves as mirror and conductive electrode, and the dielectric sub-layer 413 contains charged components 514. Again, the stationary layer 502 can be in various constructions as described above. [0172] The incorporation of the charged component 514 can be achieved in a number of ways. For example, additional charged components 514 can be added to the dielectric material when the dielectric sub-layer 413 is being formed on the underlying sub-layer 416. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, there are a variety of charged components that can be used, the amount and particular characteristics of these charged components can vary depending upon the desired properties of the interferometric modulator. Examples can include, forming a dielectric layer in a sputter tool (which can be negative) as compared to a chemical vapor deposition process (which can be positive), or altering the amount of hydrogen in the layer. [0173] In some embodiments, the control of the amount of charged components 514 in the interferometric modulator can also be achieved through altering the method of deposition of the layers or adding entirely new layers. In another embodiment, one selects particular materials with the goal of optimizing the electrochemical characteristics of the materials. Thus, one can use various work function differences to control the final offset voltage of the interferometric modulator or change the charge accumulation rate within the device during operation of the device. For example, the deformable layer 506 can have a surface that can contact the stationary layer 502, the surface can have a high work function to minimize the transfer of electrons between the layers. In another embodiment, one can modify a sacrificial material used in the creation of the interferometric modulator so that as the sacrificial material is being removed, one is not imparting charge to the deformable layer 506 and/or the stationary layer 502. In another embodiment, materials to be used to connect the layers 502 and 506 during processing can be selected on the basis of their work function properties. In another embodiment, the material selected for the connector rod 333 (FIGS. 25A and 25B) is based on its work function characteristics. [0174] In one embodiment, during the creation of the interferometric modulator, the stationary layer 502 and the deformable layer 506 are electrically connected so as to minimize the charge difference between the two layers. This can allow for higher yield in production and higher reliability in the final interferometric modulator. This electrical connection can be removed to allow the device to properly function. In one embodiment, this connection between the two layers is created from the same material as that from which the deformable layer 506 is created. Reducing the Movement of the Deformable Layer 506 [0175] In some embodiments, the supports 504 interact with the deformable layer 506 through direct contact of the top end 37 of the supports 504 and the bottom surface of layer 506. In certain situations, sliding or slippage of the deformable layer 506 along the top 37 of support 504 may occur. This movement can be decreased in a number of ways. In one embodiment, the movement is decreased by altering the surface characteristics of the top 37 of the support 504. For example, one can roughen the deformable layer 506 and/or the support 504 at the point 505 where the two interact, as shown in FIGS. 24D and 249E. For example, this can be done by oxygen plasma burn down of the support or by sputter etching before the deposition of the deformable layer 506. Alternative Forces for Driving Recovery from the Driven State [0176] In some embodiments, the manner of deformation of the deformable layer 506 may be altered for improved functionality. In a traditional interferometric modulator 501, the deformable layer 506 is a single contiguous sheet stretched taut across the support members 504. Because the layer is stretched taut, the residual stress in the layer allows the layer to “spring” or “snap back” from the driven state to the undriven state. However, this particular arrangement can be sensitive to process variability. [0177] Instead of relying upon the tautness of the deformable layer 506 (to create residual stress), one can instead rely upon the elastic modulus of the material, which is a constant based upon the material, rather than on primarily how the material is arranged or processed. Thus, in one aspect, the deformable layer 506 retains and provides its elasticity through a material constant of the material from which it is made. In one embodiment, this is similar to that of a cantilever spring, rather than a taut stretched film. An example of such a design is shown in FIGS. 25A-25D. FIG. 25A shows a side view, and FIG. 25B shows a top view of one embodiment of an interferometric modulator 501 in the undriven state. FIG. 25C shows a side view and FIG. 25D shows a top view of the interferometric modulator 501 in a driven state. [0178] In this embodiment, the deformable layer 506 has been divided into two separate parts, a load bearing part 506 a that is responsible for providing the flexibility and resilience for the movement of the layer through its elastic modulus, and a substantially planar part 506 b, which functions as the secondary mirror for the interferometric modulator. The two parts 506 a and 506 b are connected to each other via a connector rod 333. In one embodiment, the connector rod 333 is made of the same material as the load bearing part 506 a and/or the substantially planar part 506 b. In another embodiment, the connector rod 333 is made of a material different from the load bearing part 506 a and the substantially planar part 506 b. In some embodiments, the connector rod 333, rather than the load bearing structure 506 a, is the part that provides flexibility and resilience to the system. In some embodiments, the load bearing structure 506 a is thicker than the deformable layer 506 in the previous embodiments. [0179] As shown in FIG. 25B, the load bearing part 506 a is configured in an “X” shape that is supported at its four corners 70, 71, 72, and 73 to provide its elastomeric properties. In the driven state, the load bearing part 506 a bends downward and towards the stationary layer 502 through the pull from the planar part 506 b of the deformable layer 506. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the particular material or materials used to provide the elasticity for the system can vary depending upon the particularly desired characteristics of the system. [0180] The above-described modifications can help remove process variability and lead to a more robust design and fabrication. Additionally, while the above aspects have been described in terms of selected embodiments of the interferometric modulator, one of skill in the art will appreciate that many different embodiments of interferometric modulators may benefit from the above aspects. Of course, as will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, additional alternative embodiments of the interferometric modulator can also be employed. The various layers of interferometric modulators can be made from a wide variety of conductive and non-conductive materials that are generally well known in the art of semi-conductor and electro-mechanical device fabrication. [0181] While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features of the invention as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. As will be recognized, the present invention may be embodied within a form that does not provide all of the features and benefits set forth herein, as some features may be used or practiced separately from others. 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