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1875 | Rolling (Metalworking) | Steel
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CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS, SLABS AND BARS FOR FORGINGS - SPECIFICATION ( Fifth Revision)
First Reprint DECEMBER 1992
66914 -
Steel Forgings Sectional Committee,
FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( Fifth Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Steel Forgings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council. This standard was first issued in 1961 and subsequrntly revised, in 1966. 1970, 1971 and 1978. Based on the experience gained during these years in the use of this standard, it has been decided to further revise this standard. Class 1 Steel is again incorporated in this revision based on the need of users. For the benefit of the purchaser, an informative annex ( see Annex A ) has been included giving particulars to be specified while ordering for these steels. This standard contains clauses 5.4(e), 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 11.1 and Note in Table 2 which call for agreement between the purchaser and the supplier; clauses 5.1, 6.2 and 10.2 which permit the purchaser to use his option; and clause 12 gives supplementary requirements. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised). The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 1875: 1992
CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS, SLABS AND BARS FOR FORGINGS - SPECIFICATION ( Fifth Revision )
3 TERMINOLOGY 3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS 1956 ( Part 6 ! shall apply. 4 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL 4.1 General requirements relating to the supply shall be as laid down in of material IS 1387 :1967. 4.2 The steels covered by this standard shall be ordered and delivered on the following basis: a) Chemical composition; and b) Tensile properties and/or hardness. 5 MANUFACTURE 5.1 Billets, blooms, slabs and bars for forgins shall be manufactured from killed steel made by open-hearth, electric, basic oxygen, combination of these processes, or any other suitable method which will meet the requirements of the standard. The stock may be manufactured by hot rolling or forging. 5.2 Sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation. 5.3 The material shall be made from ingot having at least four times the cross-sectional area of the products. 5.3.1 For blooms 300 x 300 mm and larger cross sectional area, size or its equivalent though not meeting the requirement of 5.3, may also be supplied with prior permission from the purchaser. In case of reduction by forging process prior permission from the user is not necessary if the reduction is more than 25 : 1. 5.4 The conditioning method should be so chosen that it shall not have any injurious effects in the billet, bloom and bar. Material required for forging may be conditioned to remove injurious surface defects provided that the following limitations shall apply: a) Conditioning shall be allowed only in the longitudinal direction. Conditioning in the transverse direction shall not be allowed, except for surface inspection purposes. b) The depth of conditioning shall not exceed 1 mm for every 15 mm of the 1
covers the requirements for nine classes of carbon steel billets, blooms, slabs and bars for forgings designated as class 1, lA, 2, 2A, 3, 3A, 4, 5 and 6 ( see Table 1 ). 2 REFERENCES 2.1 The following Indian Standards are necessary adjuncts to this standard. Title IS No.; 228 1387 : 1967 1500 : 1983 1599 : 1985 1608 : 1972 Methods for chemical analysis of steels ( revised) General requirements for the supply of metallurgical materials (first revision ) Method for brine11 hardness test for metallic materials ( second revision ) for bend test Method ( second revision ) Method for tensile testing of steel products (first
1.1This standard
Code for designation of 1762 ( Part 1 ) : 1974 steels: Part 1 Based on letter symbols (first revision ) Rolling and cutting tole1852 : 1985 rances for hot rolled steel products ( (fourth revision ) Glossary of terms relating 1956 ( Part 6 ) : 1976 to iron and steel : Part 6 Forging ( including drop forging ) Dimensional tolerances for 3739 : 1987 carbon and alloy constructional steel (first revision ) Method for macrostreak .4075 : 1985 flaw test for steel (first
4748 : 1988 9684 : 1980
Method for estimating average grainsize of metals
( jrsl revision )
Technical conditions for the supply of hot rolled billets, blooms, slabs and bars for closed die forgings Macroscopic method for 10138 ( Part 3 ) : 1983 determination of non-metallic inclusion content in wrought steel : Part 3 Magnetic particle inspection method Method for macroetch test 11371: 1985 for wrought steel products
1s 1875: 1992 dimension concerned subject to a maximum depth of 20 mm. c) The width of conditioning shall be at least four times its greatest depth. d) An exception is made in the case of slabs whose width is at least twice the thickness. The depth of conditioning in the case of slabs shall not exceed 1 mm for every IO mm of the dimensions concerned subject to a maximum depth of 20 mm. 4 While conditioning the material, the dimensions of the product niay go below the minimum dimensions permitted according to the tolerances specified. When reduced amount of dressing than what is permitted by such clauses ( b ), ( c ) and ( d ) is required, the extent of dressing shall be mutually agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser. f) When required by the users for the material to be used for closed die forging, the dressing may be allowed to such an extent that its cross sectional area as defined by the dimensional tolerances does not go below the minimum of the tolerance limit. where it _. is 54.1 In special cases, particularly necessary on large material and where condlgreater depth of conditioning is not injurious, tioning may be permitted by special agreement between the supplier and the purchaser. 5.4.2 In other cases, conditioning of material for removing injurious defects shall be as agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION of steel, when carried out 6.3 The following elements wherever not specified in Table 1 shall not be added to the steel, except where agreed to, other than for the 6.1 Ladle Analysis The ladle analysis either by the methods specified in the relevant parts of IS 228 or any other established instrumental/chemical method, shall be as given in Table 1. In case of any dispute, the procedure given in relevant parts of IS 228 shall be the referee method. 6.2 Check Analysis The purchaser may specify check analysis on blooms, billets, slabs and bars. The number of samples on which the analysis has to be carried out shall be at the rate of one sample per 100 products of same section subject to a minimum of one sample per section. 6.2.1 The permissible deviation in check analysis from the specified composition limits given in Table 1 shall be as given below:
Constituent, Percent Permissible Variation, Percent, Max A___7 r----
For Sections 250 mma or less Carbon: Up to 025 Over 025 up to and including 050 Over 050 Silicon Manganese Phosphorus Sulphur f zt f f f + + 002 003 004 003 004 0005 0005
For Sections 250 mm2 to 500 mm* f 004 f f =t f + + 005 006 004 007 0010 0010
Table 1 Chemical Composition ( CJauses 1.1, 6.1, 6.2.1, 6.3 and 12.1.1 ) Coestitoeat, Percent Designation Class _-~_--_---------~ -_--L [ See IS 1762 f-----------Carbon Silicon Manganese Sulphur ( Part 1 ) : 1974 I Max (3) (4) (5) (6) (2) (1) 1 14C6 010-0~18 0~15-035 O~40-0*70 0.04 1A 1SC8 0~10-0~20 0~15-0~35 0.60-0.90 0.03 2 2OC8 0.1s-o.25 0~15-0~35 ~60-0~90 0.04 2A 2X8 0.20-0.30 0~15-0*35 0*60-0.90 0.04 3 3OC8 0*25-0.35 0~15-035 0~60-090 0.04 3A 3X8 0*30-0~40 0.15-0.35 0*60-0*90 0.04 4 45C8 0~40-0~50 O*lS-0.35 o$O-0.90 0.04 5 55C8 @50--o-60 0*15-0.35 0%0-090 0.04 6 65C6 o%O-0.70 0.15-035 0*50-0~80 0.04
Phosphorus Max (7) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
NOTES When the steel is aluminium killed or killed ; with both ahminirm and silicon, the requirements of minimum silicon content shall not apply. For aluminium killed steel the total aluminium content shall
be within O-02 to 0,05 percent. 2 Sulphur to the order of 005 to O-12 percent and the purchaser. may be suyplicd by mulual agreement between the supplier
IS 1875 : 1992 purpose of !inisl$ng the heat and shall not exceed the followmg limits: Perccn t Constituent 030 Nickel 030 Chromium 025 Copper 005 Molybdenum 005 Vanadium 0000 3 Boron 005 Tin
NOTES 1 Trace elements ( Cr + Ni + MO ) when added together shall not exceed @SOpercent. 2 Percent copper + 10 x ( Percent tin) shall not exceed O-50 percent.
8.2 Tolerances for rolled billets ( square and R.C.S. ) blooms and slabs for general engineering forgings shall be as given below: Permissible Cross-Sectional Variation Dimensions LesZZan 100 to 150 100 $5
slabs and bars shall be 7.1 Billets, blooms, reasonably free from any external or internal cracks, flakes, laps, rough, jagged and imperfect edges and other injurious surface imperfections. Unless specified in the order, the suitable method of parting may be used by the manufacturer and after parting the material shall be sufficiently straight. 8 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES 8.1 Rolled steel bars for general engineering forgings shall be true to the prescribed dimenwithin the tolerances specified in sions IS 1852 : 1985.
+ 45 - 20 + 60 Over 150 - 30 8.2.1 For forged blooms, billets and slabs, the accordance with tolerances shall be in IS 9684 : 1980. 8.3 For special requirements, the dimensional tolerances shall be in accordance with Grade I of IS 3739 : lY87. 9 MECHANICAL TEST 9.1 Tensile Test The tensile tests shall be carried out in accordance with IS 1608 : 1972. The test pieces shall be machined lengthwise from each test sample selected as prescribed in 10. The tensile properties shall conform to the requirements given in Table 2. The properties given in Table 2 are applicable to test piece taken on rounds in the direction of the fibre, the axis of which corresponds to Fig. 1. For rectangular sections the ranges for equivalent section shall be as given in Fig. 2.
---c.$
1 12-5 + 124 11
1 LOCATION OPTHB TENSILETESTPrrms IN THE PRODUCTS TOBB DELIVBRED 3
RANGE OF USE DIAMETERS D lOO-=D5 160
120 IN mm
2iO-
2 APPLICABILITY OF THE VALUES, GIVEN IN TABLE FOR ROUND SECTION, TO RECTANGULAR SECTION Table 2 Tensile Properties and Hardness ( C&use 9.1 )
Elongat;on ( CL = 5.65dSa
Min. Percent
(4) 26 25 24 22 21 20 15 13 10
(5) 100 110 120 130 140 155 175 200 210
( For information (6) 880-910 880-910 880-910 880-910 860-890 850-880 830-860 810-840 800-830 only )
1A 2 2A 3 3A 4 5 6
(MPa) (2) 370 410 430 460 490 540 620 710 740
(3) 200 220 230 250 270 280 320 350 370
NOTE-The properties given ia the table refer to rulinc section up to 100 mm in the as rolled or as forged and normalized condition and are applicable to test samples taken along the direction of grain flow. For higher section as well as for the supply in hardened and tempered condition, the properties shall be as agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
9.2 Hardness Test The hardness test shall be carried dance with IS 1500 : 1983. 10 SAMPLING 10.1 Sampling for Chemical Analysis The ladle analysis manufacturer. shall be supplied Tests by the out in accor-
than from shall ness
one diameter or thickness of bar is rolled the same cast, one additional test sample be selected from each diameter or thickof bar if desired by the purchaser.
11 REETST 11.1 Retest for Prodnct Analysis If the results of the check analysis do not conform to the composition requirements given in Table 1 and Steel grade with allowance of variation in case of check analysis from the specified limits, unless otherwise agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer, two new samples shall be taken on different pieces from the same cast. Should the two analysis satisfy the requirements, the lot represented should either of the sample shall be accepted, fail, the material shall be taken as not complying with this standard. 4
10.2 Sampling for Mechanical
In the case of bars up to 100 mm size, the test samples shall be selected from finished parts at the rate of one sample from each lot, provided the quantity from one cast does not exceed 25 metric tonnes. Where the quantity from each cast exceeds 25 metric tonnes, one When more more test sample shall be selected.
11.2 Retest for Meclmnlcal Properties Should any of the test pieces first selected fail to pass any of the tests specified in this standard, two further samples shall be seleuted for testing in respect of each failure. Should the test pieces from both these additional samples pass, the material represented by the test samples shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of that particular test. Should the test pieces from either of these by the test samples additional samples fail, the material represented shall be considered as not having complied with this standard, except that the manufacturer may reheat-treat ( not more than twice ) the material represented and resubmit it for testing. 12 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
c--p___
12.1 The following supplementary requirements shali apply only when specified by the purchaser in the inquiry, contract and order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be as agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 12.1.1 Chemical Composition The purchaser may specify in special cases more restricted range for one or more elements in respect of carbon, sulphur and phosphorus than the compositional limits indicated in Table 1. 12.2 Bend Test When bend test requirements for classes 1, 1A, 2,2A, 3,3A and 4 are specified the same with shall be carried out in accordance IS 1599 : 1985. Where the dimensions permit, test pieces 230 mm long and 32 mm square with edges rounded off shall be machined lengthwise from each test sample and bent cold by direct pressure round a former of diameter appropriate to the clsss of steel as shown in Fig. 3 until the sides of the test piece are parallel.
For Class 4 For Classes 3 and 3A For Classes 1, lA, 2 and 2A All dimensions in millimctres.
FIG. 3 12.4 Macrostroctore
The macrostructure of steel on the etched transverse sections, when examined in accordance with IS 11371 : 1985, shall be free from harmful shrinkage porosity, blow holes, laminations, cracks, non-metallic inclusions, cavities, flux, dendrits, etc. However, the acceptance norms shall be as agreed to between the supplier and the purchaser. NOTE - The steel rolled from continuously
cast route shall also be examined by following the methods of preparation of sample in accordance with IS 11371 : 1985 and the norms of acceptance shall be mutually agreed to between the supplier and the purchaser.
12.2.1 Smaller sizes shall be bent in full section having a diameter proportional to that specified for a 32 mm square test piece. Each bend test shall comply with the requirements without fracture. 12.2.2 Subsequently, the ends of the test pieces for classes 1, IA, 2, 28, 3 and 3A material shall be brought together by direct pressure and the test piece shall not fracture.
12.5 Ultrasonic Test Ultrasonic examination and the level of acceptance shall bz mutually agreed to between the manufacturer and the user. 12.6 Magnetic Particle Test Magnetic particle test shall be carried out in with the method specified in accordance IS 10138 ( Part III ) : 1983 and level of acceptance shall be mutually agreed to between the supplier and the purchaser. 12.7 Blue Fracture Test The test shall be conducted in accordance IS 4075 : 1985 and the level of acceptance 5
12.2.3 No bend classes 5 and 6. 12.3 Grain Size
When agreed to between the supplier and the purchaser, steel shall be supplied with the specified grain size in accordance with IS 4148 : 1988.
IS 1875:1992
be mutually agreed to between the manufacturer and the user. 13 MARKING 13.1 Unless agreed otherwise, the material shall be identified as follows: a) Each billet, bloom, slab and bar over 50 mm in diameter or width across flats shall be legibly stamped with the cast number and, when specified, the class designation; and b) Bars up to and including 50 mm diameter or width across flats shall be bundled together and a tag attached bearing the cast number, and when specified, the class designation.
INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN BY THE PURCHASER d) Tests required; e) Method of manufacture; such as bund-
A-l While placing an order for the steels covered by this standard, the purchaser should specify clearly the following: a) Class designation; b) Description regarding size, length, etc; c) Condition cf delivery;
f) Any special requirements, ling and packing; and g) Supplementary
tests, if required.
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to Details of conditions under which a licence for the use that standard as a further safeguard. of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Rweao ef Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 t6 promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyrightof all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards if Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in may be possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard sent to BIS giving the following reference: Dot : No. MTD 18 ( 3636 )
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, Telephones : 331 0131, 331 13 75
i 331 01 75 311 13 31 37 86 62 53 38 43 235 02 16 6 32 92 95
: l/l4 C. I. T. Scheme VII 111,V. I. P. Road,.Maniktola
: SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS
printed at Dee Kay Prhers.
NO. 1 JANUARY TO
IS 1875 : 1992 CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS, SLABS AND BARS FOR FORGINGS SPECIFICATION ( F$h Revision )
(Page 2, Table 1, co1 6, againsl class IA) Substitute 0.04 for 0.03.
(MTD18)
Reprography Unit. MS. New Delhi, India
NO. 2 NOVEMBER 1994 TO CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS, IS 1875: 1992 SLABS AND BARS FOR FORGINGS - SPECIFICATION ( Fifrh Revision)
( Page 1, chtse 2.1 ) - Substitute IS 1387 : 1993 General requirements for the supply of metallurgical materials ( second revision ) jor IS 1387 : 1967 General requirements for the supply of metallurgical materials (first revision ). ( Page 2, clause 6.2.1, under t/z heading Permissible Max) -Substitute mm for mm . Variation, Percent,
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