Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/40/92.2
Timestamp: 2020-02-26 23:37:08
Document Index: 445196938

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 92', 'art 92', '§ 92', '§ 92', '§ 92', 'arts 86', 'arts 86', '§ 92', '§ 92', '§ 92', '§ 92']

40 CFR § 92.2 - Definitions. | CFR | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
Part 92. CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM LOCOMOTIVES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Subpart A. General Provisions for Emission Regulations for Locomotives and Locomotive Engines
40 CFR § 92.2 - Definitions.
(a) The definitions of this section apply to this subpart. They also apply to all subparts of this part, except where noted otherwise.
(b) As used in this part, all terms not defined in this section shall have the meaning given them in the Act:
Aftertreatment system or aftertreatment component or aftertreatment technology means any system or component or technology mounted downstream of the exhaust valve or exhaust port whose design function is to reduce exhaust emissions.
Alternator/generator efficiency means the ratio of the electrical power output from the alternator/generator to the mechanical power input to the alternator/generator at the operating point.
Alternator/generator input horsepower means the mechanical horsepower input to the main alternator or generator of a locomotive. For the purpose of calculating brake horsepower, alternator/generator input horsepower does not include any power used to circulate engine coolant, circulate engine lubricant, or to supply fuel to the engine.
Applicable standard means a standard to which a locomotive or locomotive engine is subject; or, where a locomotive or locomotive engine is certified another standard or FEL, applicable standard means the other standard or FEL to which the locomotive or locomotive engine is certified, as allowed by § 92.8. This definition does not apply to subpart D of this part.
Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, locomotive speed, engine RPM, atmospheric pressure, manifold pressure or vacuum, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system (including, but not limited to injection timing); or any other feature that causes in-use emissions to be higher than those measured under test conditions, except as allowed by this part.
Auxiliary engine means a locomotive engine that provides hotel power, but does not provide power to propel the locomotive.
Auxiliary power means the power provided by the main propulsion engine to operate accessories such as cooling fans.
Averaging for locomotives and locomotive engines means the exchange of emission credits among engine families within a given manufacturer's, or remanufacturer's, product line.
Brake horsepower means the sum of the alternator/generator input horsepower and the mechanical accessory horsepower, excluding any power used to circulate engine coolant, circulate engine lubricant, or to supply fuel to the engine.
Calibration means the set of specifications, including tolerances, specific to a particular design, version, or application of a component, or components, or assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range. This definition does apply to Subpart B of this part.
Configuration means any subclassification of an engine family which can be described on the basis of gross power, emission control system, governed speed, injector size, engine calibration, and other parameters as designated by the Administrator.
Crankcase emissions means emissions to the atmosphere from any portion of the crankcase ventilation or engine lubrication systems.
Defeat device means an AECD or other control feature that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal locomotive operation and use, unless the AECD or other control feature has been identified by the certifying manufacturer or remanufacturer in the application for certification, and:
(1) Such conditions are substantially represented by the portion of the federal test procedure during which the applicable emission rates are measured;
(2) The need for the AECD is justified in terms of protecting the locomotive or locomotive engine against damage or accident; or
Deterioration factor means the difference between exhaust emissions at the end of useful life and exhaust emissions at the low mileage test point expressed as either: the ratio of exhaust emissions at the end of useful life to exhaust emissions at the low mileage test point (for multiplicative deterioration factors); or the difference between exhaust emissions at the end of useful life exhaust emissions at the low mileage test point (for additive deterioration factors).
Diesel fuel means any fuel suitable for use in diesel engines, and which is commonly or commercially known or sold as diesel fuel.
Emission control system means those devices, systems or elements of design which control or reduce the emission of substances from an engine. This includes, but is not limited to, mechanical and electronic components and controls, and computer software.
Emission-data engine means an engine which is tested for purposes of emission certification or production line testing.
Emission-data locomotive means a locomotive which is tested for purposes of emission certification or production line testing.
Emission-related defect means a defect in design, materials, or workmanship in a device, system, or assembly described in the approved Application for certification which affects any parameter or specification enumerated in Appendix I of this part.
Emission-related maintenance means that maintenance which substantially affects emissions or which is likely to affect the deterioration of the locomotive or engine with respect to emissions, as described in an approved Application for certification.
Engine family means a group of locomotive or locomotive engine configurations which are expected to have similar emission characteristics throughout the useful lives of the locomotives and engines (see § 92.204), and which are (or were) covered (or requested to be covered) by a specific certificate of conformity.
Engine used in a locomotive means an engine incorporated into a locomotive or intended for incorporation into a locomotive.
Engineering analysis means a summary of scientific and/or engineering principles and facts that support a conclusion made by a manufacturer or remanufacturer, with respect to compliance with the provisions of this part.
Ethanol means a fuel that contains at least 50 percent ethanol (ethyl alcohol, (C2H5OH)) by volume.
Family Emission Limit means an emission level declared by the certifying manufacturer or remanufacturer to serve in lieu of an otherwise applicable emission standard for certification and compliance purposes in the averaging, banking and trading program. FELs are expressed to the same number of decimal places as the applicable emission standard.
Freshly manufactured locomotive means a locomotive which is powered by a freshly manufactured engine, and which contains fewer than 25 percent previously used parts (weighted by the dollar value of the parts). See 40 CFR 1033.640 for information about how to calculate this.
Freshly manufactured locomotive engine means a new locomotive engine which has not been remanufactured.
Fuel system means the combination of fuel tank(s), fuel pump(s), fuel lines and filters, pressure regulator(s), and fuel injection components (or pressure regulator(s) and carburetor(s) if fuel injection is not employed), fuel system vents, and any other component involved in the delivery of fuel to the engine.
High-altitude means relating to an altitude greater than 4000 feet (1220 meters) and less than 7000 feet (2135 meters), or equivalent observed barometric test conditions of 25.7 to 22.7 inch Hg (88.5 to 78.1 kilopascals).
Idle speed means that speed, expressed as the number of revolutions of the crankshaft per unit of time (e.g., rpm), at which the engine is set to operate when not under load for purposes of propelling the locomotive.
Importer means an entity or person who imports locomotives or locomotive engines from a foreign country into the United States (including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands).
Inspect and qualify means to determine that a previously used component or system meets all applicable criteria listed for the component or system in a certificate of conformity for remanufacturing (e.g., determine that the component or system is functionally equivalent to one that has not been used previously).
Installer means an individual or entity which assembles remanufactured locomotives or locomotive engines.
Liquefied petroleum gas means the commercial product marketed as liquefied petroleum gas or propane.
Locomotive means a self-propelled piece of on-track equipment designed for moving or propelling cars that are designed to carry freight, passengers or other equipment, but which itself is not designed or intended to carry freight, passengers (other than those operating the locomotive) or other equipment. The following other equipment are not locomotives (see 40 CFR parts 86 and 89 for this equipment):
(1) Equipment which is designed for operation both on highways and rails are not locomotives.
(2) Specialized railroad equipment for maintenance, construction, post accident recovery of equipment, and repairs; and other similar equipment, are not locomotives.
(3) Vehicles propelled by engines with total rated horsepower of less than 750 kW (1006 hp) are not locomotives (see 40 CFR parts 86 and 89 for this equipment), unless the owner (including manufacturers) chooses to have the equipment certified under the requirements of this part. Where equipment is certified as a locomotive pursuant to this paragraph (3), it shall be subject to the requirements of this part for the remainder of its service life. For locomotives propelled by two or more engines, the total rated horsepower is the sum of the rated horsepowers of each engine.
Locomotive engine means an engine incorporated into a locomotive or intended for incorporation into a locomotive.
Low hour engine means an engine during the interval between the time that normal assembly operations and adjustments are completed and the time that 300 additional operating hours have been accumulated (including hours accumulated during emission testing if performed).
Low idle speed means a speed which is less than normal idle speed, expressed as the number of revolutions of the crankshaft per unit of time, at which an engine can be set when not under load for purposes of propelling the locomotive.
Low mileage locomotive means a locomotive during the interval between the time that normal assembly operations and adjustments are completed and the time that either 10,000 miles of locomotive operation or 300 additional operating hours have been accumulated (including emission testing if performed).
Malfunction means a condition in which the operation of a component in a locomotive or locomotive engine occurs in a manner other than that specified by the certifying manufacturer or remanufacturer (e.g., as specified in the application for certification); or the operation of the locomotive or locomotive engine in that condition.
Manufacturer means an individual or entity engaged in the manufacturing or assembling of freshly manufactured locomotives or freshly manufactured locomotive engines; or the importing of locomotives or locomotive engines originally manufactured on or after January 1, 1973 and not re manufactured. (See §§ 92.1(c) and 92.209 for applicability of this term.)
Maximum rated horsepower means the maximum brake horsepower output of an engine.
Mechanical accessory horsepower means the sum of mechanical horsepower generated by an engine to supply accessories. Mechanical accessory horsepower does not include power supplied to the main alternator or generator, power used to circulate engine coolant or engine lubricant, or power used to supply fuel to the engine.
Methanol means a fuel that contains at least 50 percent methanol (methyl alcohol, (CH3OH)) by volume.
Method of aspiration means the method whereby air for fuel combustion enters the engine (e.g., natural or turbocharged).
Model year means a calendar year; except where the Administrator determines a different production period which includes January 1 of such calendar year.
Natural gas means the commercial product marketed as natural gas whose primary constituent is methane.
(i) A locomotive or locomotive engine the equitable or legal title to which has never been transferred to an ultimate purchaser; or
(3) With respect to imported locomotives or locomotive engines, the term “new locomotive” or “new locomotive engine” means a locomotive or locomotive engine that is not covered by a certificate of conformity under this part at the time of importation, and that was manufactured or re manufactured after the effective date of the emission standards in this part which is applicable to such locomotive or engine (or which would be applicable to such locomotive or engine had it been manufactured or re manufactured for importation into the United States).
(5) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (3) of this definition, locomotives and locomotive engines which are owned by a small railroad and which have never been manufactured or re manufactured into a certified configuration are not new.
Non-locomotive-specific engine means an engine that is sold for and used in non-locomotive applications more than for locomotive applications.
Normal idle means relating to the idle throttle-notch position for locomotives that have one throttle-notch position, or the highest the idle throttle-notch position for locomotives that have two throttle-notch positions.
Opacity means the fraction of a beam of light, expressed in percent, which fails to penetrate a plume of smoke as measured and calculated under the provisions of subpart B of this part.
Original manufacture means the event of freshly manufacturing a locomotive or locomotive engine. The date of original manufacture is the date of final assembly; except as provided in § 92.11. Where a locomotive or locomotive engine is manufactured under § 92.11, the date of original manufacture is the date on which the final assembly of locomotive or locomotive engine was originally scheduled.
Original remanufacture means the first remanufacturing of a locomotive or locomotive engine at which the locomotive or locomotive engines is subject to the emission standards of this part.
Oxides of nitrogen means nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Oxides of nitrogen are expressed quantitatively as if the nitric oxide were in the form of nitrogen dioxide (oxides of nitrogen are assumed to have a molecular weight equivalent to nitrogen dioxide).
Petroleum fuel means a fuel primarily derived from crude oil (e.g., gasoline or diesel fuel).
Primary fuel means that type of fuel (e.g., diesel fuel) that is consumed in the greatest quantity (mass basis) when the locomotive or locomotive engine is operated in use.
Produce means to manufacture or remanufacture. Where a certificate holder does not actually assemble the locomotives or locomotive engines that it manufactures or re manufactures, produce means to allow other entities to assemble locomotives or locomotive engines under the certificate holder's certificate.
Rated horsepower means the maximum horsepower output of a locomotive engine in use.
Remanufacture means:
(i) To replace, or inspect and qualify, each and every power assembly of a locomotive or locomotive engine, whether during a single maintenance event or cumulatively within a five year period; or
(ii) To upgrade a locomotive or locomotive engine; or
(iii) To convert a locomotive or locomotive engine to enable it to operate using a fuel other than it was originally manufactured to use; or
Remanufactured locomotive means either a locomotive which is powered by a remanufactured locomotive engine, or a repowered locomotive.
Remanufactured locomotive engine means a locomotive engine which has been remanufactured.
Remanufacturer means an individual or entity that is engaged in the manufacture or assembly of remanufactured locomotives or locomotive engines, (including: Entities that design or produce the emission-related parts used in remanufacturing; entities that install parts in an existing locomotive or locomotive engine to remanufacture it; and entities that own or operate the locomotive or locomotive engine and provide specifications as to how an engine is to be remanufactured (i.e., specifying who will perform the work, when the work is to be performed, what parts are to be used, or how to calibrate the adjustable parameters of the engine)); or an importer of remanufactured locomotives or locomotive engines. (See §§ 92.1(c) and 92.209 for applicability of this term.)
Repower means replacement of the engine in a previously used locomotive with a freshly manufactured locomotive engine. Replacing a locomotive engine with a freshly manufactured locomotive engine in a locomotive that has a refurbished or reconditioned chassis such that less than 25 percent of the parts of the locomotive were previously used (as weighted by dollar value) is not repowering.
Service life means the total life of a locomotive or locomotive engine. Service life begins when the locomotive or locomotive engine is originally manufactured and continues until the locomotive or locomotive engine is permanently removed from service.
Small railroad means a railroad that is classified by the Small Business Administration as a small business.
Small remanufacturer means a remanufacturer that is classified by the Small Business Administration as a small business.
Smoke means the matter in the engine exhaust which obscures the transmission of light.
Steam locomotive means a historic locomotive propelled by a steam engine.
Switch locomotive means a locomotive designed or used solely for the primary purpose of propelling railroad cars a short distance, and that is powered by an engine with a maximum horsepower rating of 2300 hp or less.
Test locomotive or locomotive engine means a locomotive or locomotive engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of locomotives or locomotive engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing or auditing.
Throttle means the component, or components, which either directly or indirectly controls the fuel flow to the engine.
Throttle notch means a discrete throttle position for a locomotive with a limited number of throttle positions.
Throttle notch horsepower means the brake horsepower output of an engine corresponding to each throttle notch position, including dynamic-brake settings.
Throttle notch speed means the speed of the engine, expressed as the number of revolutions of the crankshaft per unit of time (e.g., rpm), corresponding to each throttle notch position, including dynamic-brake, and hotel power settings.
Tier 0 means relating to emission standards applicable to locomotives originally manufactured before January 1, 2002; or relating to such locomotives.
1 means relating to emission standards applicable to locomotives originally manufactured on or after January 1, 2002 and before January 1, 2005; or relating to such locomotives.
Tier 2 means relating to emission standards applicable to locomotives originally manufactured on or after January 1, 2005; or relating to such locomotives.
Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample, expressed as gasoline-fueled vehicle hydrocarbons. The hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1. Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent is abbreviated THCE.
Trading means the exchange of locomotive or locomotive engine emission credits between credit holders.
Upgrade means to modify a locomotive or locomotive engine that was originally manufactured prior to January 1, 1973 (or a locomotive or locomotive engine that was originally manufactured on or after January 1, 1973, and that is not subject to the emission standards of this part), such that it is intended to comply with the Tier 0 standards. Upgrading is a type of remanufacturing.
Useful life means the period during which the locomotive engine is designed to properly function in terms of reliability and fuel consumption, without being remanufactured, specified as work output or miles. It is the period during which a new locomotive or locomotive engine is required to comply with all applicable emission standards.
Volatile liquid fuel means any liquid fuel other than diesel or biodiesel.
Voluntary emission recall means a repair, adjustment, or modification program voluntarily initiated and conducted by a manufacturer or remanufacturer to remedy any emission-related defect for which notification of locomotive or locomotive engine owners has been provided.
[63 FR 18998, Apr. 16, 1998, as amended at 70 FR 40453, July 13, 2005; 73 FR 37194, June 30, 2008]