Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/74298098/Texas-Rainwater-Harvesting-Soil-Storage-and-Infiltration-Systems-Part-2
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Texas; Rainwater Harvesting Soil Storage and Infiltration Systems - Part 2 | Surface Runoff | Soil
Description: Texas; Rainwater Harvesting Soil Storage and Infiltration Systems - Part 2
Rainwater Harvesting: Soil Storage and Infiltration Systems
Justin K. Mechell Texas Cooperative Extension Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M University
Simple: distributes rainwater immediately
Complex: stores some or all of rainwater for later use
Rainwater Soil Storage and Infiltration System Components
Source Collection Diversion
Gutters and downspouts Piping- PVC
Gravel trench Chambers Polystyrene peanuts
Soil infiltration and Vegetation
Why use a Soil Storage and Infiltration System system?
Water is a valuable resource Urbanization
Increased runoff frequency and volume
Thermal shock Runoff quality Groundwater recharge
Urbanization- Increased Surface Runoff
Stormwater Runoff Rate
Potential to introduce new pollutants into surface water
Construction activities Pesticides Fertilizers Spills/Leaks
Affects human health
Menard City Library Menard, Texas, USA
Is a soil storage and infiltration system feasible?
Utilizes current guttering and downspouts Materials
Catch basin PVC piping Storage Chambers
Typically gravity fed system
No pumps or electricity needed
When is a soil storage and infiltration system not feasible?
Existing landscaping Excavation Slope Space
How do I determine where the system should be located?
Geography Topography Vegetative cover Separation distances Water movement Soil characteristics
Systems are gravity fed Overall slope in the area should be away from the structure
Structural foundation issues could arise
Shrink/Swell of soil
No woody plants or trees
Plug openings
Grass cover over the storage and infiltration trench
Aids in removing moisture from the area Prevents erosion
Use Onsite sewage system separation distances as a guide (Title 30 of the Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 285, Table X) Prevent possible water contamination issues Protect structural integrity
Water movement and Soil characteristics Soil characteristics influence water movement
Soil profile (horizons)
Impermeable layers Seasonal groundwater indicators
Percent distribution of different sized organic particles
Soil Particle Gravel Sand Silt Clay
Particle Diameter (mm) >2.0 0.05 – 2.0 0.002 – 0.05 < 0.002
Soil Particle Sizes (USDA, 1993)
How can I determine my soil texture classification?
Natural Resource Conservation Service Soil Survey Reports Onsite Texture Analysis
Texture by feel method
(only if you have advanced knowledge of soils)
How do I determine my soil profile?
Natural Resource Conservation Service Soil Survey Reports Dig an observation hole
Dig 2 feet below the bottom trench excavation depth Examine the profile for impermeable layers and seasonal ground water markers
What should I take into consideration for my design?
Roof washer Catch basin Required storage volume Trench construction Observation port
“Poor Man’s Roof Washer”
PVC stand pipe
Contains a baffle and a removable filter Typically contained within a 30 to 50 gallon tank Installed just ahead of the infiltration trench
Floating debris Settling debris
Rainfall Depth Required (in.) storage volume 0.5 Catchment area 1.0 and desired 1.5 storm 2.0 2.5 3.0 Volume (ft3) 4.2 8.3 12.5 16.7 20.8 25.0
Volume (gallons) 31 62 94 125 156 187
Accumulated Rainwater Volumes from Common Rainfall Events (Based on a 100 ft2 Catchment Area and 100% Collection Efficiency)
Required storage volume
RoofArea( ft 2 ) DesiredStorm(in) × × RunoffCoefficient = Volume( ft 3 ) in # ofDownspouts 12 ft
Rainfall Coefficients
Listed in the Soil Storage and Infiltration System Fact Sheet It is the yield of rainwater you can expect to actually collect
Required number of chambers
Volume( ft 3 ) # ofChambers = 3 Downspout Volume( ft ) perChamber
If chamber system is not used
Required length of storage
Volume( ft 3 ) LengthofStorage = 3 Downspout Volume( ft ) perLengthofStorage
How do I design my Trench?
Trench Depth should be at least 1 foot greater than the height of the chamber Bottom elevation should be level to within 1” over 25’ and within 3” over the entire length of excavation Width should be at least 6” wider than the chamber
Trench layout Minimum of 6” of gravel should be placed along the bottom Gravel should be backfilled to the top of the chamber Geo-textile fabric should be placed over the top of the gravel Backfill with at least 6” of native soil
Mound to facilitate good drainage and allow for settling
Observation Port Should be located at the end of the trench Should rise to ground level Cap should be secure but removable
Key to the success and long term operation of the system
Leaf screens Roof washer
Removal of small diameter debris
Grate should be removable for cleaning
May need cover to prevent freezing
Allows you to see what is going on under ground
Avoid wet conditions during construction Tracked equipment is preferred to wheeled equipment
Distribution of weight is critical for permeability of soil
No vehicular traffic should cross the system
Cave-ins Plug orifices
No structures should be placed over the system
Presentation is based on Rainwater Harvesting: Soil Storage and Infiltration Systems
Texas Cooperative Extension Booklet B-6195
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