Source: http://www.international.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3539:citizen-of-a-state-under-article-iv-section-2-clause-1-can-be-a-litigant-in-federal-court&catid=52:dan-goodman&Itemid=81
Timestamp: 2013-06-19 18:37:24
Document Index: 575484138

Matched Legal Cases: ['art. 4', 'art. 4', '§24', 'art 8', 'art 7', 'art 6', 'art 5', 'art 4', 'art 2']

Saturday, 26 November 2011 07:46	Dan Goodman	0 Comments
USA 26 November 2011 The Fourteenth Amendment was adopted on July 28, 1868. [Footnote 1]
The Fourteenth Amendment created citizenship of the United States. [Footnote 2] If, one, being a citizen of the United States, wanted to become a citizen of a State, under Section 1, Clause 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, then all one had to do was reside in a State. In this case, one would be a citizen of the United States AND a citizen of a State. [Footnote 3] He or she, would then have privileges and immunities of a citizen of the United States plus privileges and immunities of a citizen of a State. [Footnote 4]
The Fourteenth Amendment according to the Supreme Court of the United States, in the Slaughterhouse Cases, changed citizenship under the Constitution. Citizenship of a State was now to be considered as separate and distinct from citizenship of the United States. A citizen of a State was to be considered as separate and distinct from a citizen of the United States:
“ . . . In the Constitution and laws of the United States, the word ‘citizen’ is generally, if not always, used in a political sense to designate one who has the rights and privileges of a citizen of a State or of the United States. Baldwin v. Franks: 120 U.S. 678, at 690 (1887). [Footnote 5]
A citizen of the United States is located at Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. A citizen of a State is to be found at Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the United States of America:
http://books.google.com/books?id=htIGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false “Another objection to the act is that it is in violation of section 2, art. 4, of the constitution of the United States, and of the fourteenth amendment, in that this act discriminates both as to persons and products. Section 2, art. 4, declares that the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of the citizens of the several states; and the fourteenth amendment declares that no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States. But we have seen that the supreme court, in Crowley v. Christensen, 137 U.S. 91, 11 Sup. Ct. Rep. 15, has declared that there is no inherent right in a citizen to sell intoxicating liquors by retail. It is not a privilege of a citizen of a state or of a citizen of the United States.” Cantini v. Tillman: 54 Fed. Rep. 969, at 973 (1893).
“The constitutional provision there alluded to did not create those rights, which it called privileges and immunities of citizens of the States. It threw around them in that clause (Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1) no security for the citizen of the State in which they were claimed or exercised. Nor did it profess to control the power of the State governments over the rights of its own citizens.
Its sole purpose was to declare to the several States, that whatever those rights, as you grant or establish them to your own citizens, or as you limit or qualify, or impose restrictions on their exercise, the same, neither more nor less, shall be the measure of the rights of citizens of other States within your jurisdiction.” Slaugherhouse Cases: 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36, at 77 (1873). [Footnote 6]
A citizen of the United States is to identified his citizenship in a federal court by averring that he or she is a citizen of the United States AND a citizen of a State of the Union:
“The courts of the United States have not jurisdiction in cases between citizens of the United States, unless the record expressly states them to be citizens of different states.” Wood v. Wagon: 6 U.S. (2 Cranch) 1 (1804).
A citizen of a State is to aver that he or she is a citizen of a State of the Union:
“The bill filed in the Circuit Court by the plaintiff, McQuesten, alleged her to be ‘a citizen of the United States and of the State of Massachusetts, and residing at Turner Falls in said State,’ while the defendants Steigleder and wife were alleged to be ‘citizens of the State of Washington, and residing at the city of Seattle in said State.’ Statement of the Case, Steigleider v. McQuesten: 198 U.S. 141 (1905).
“The averment in the bill that the parties were citizens of different States was sufficient to make a prima facie case of jurisdiction so far as it depended on citizenship.’ Opinion, Steigleider v. McQuesten: 198 U.S. 141, at 142 (1905). [Footnote 6]
Therefore, a citizen of a State, since the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, can be a litigant in federal court.
A citizen of a State, since the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, can pursue a cause of action against another citizen of a different State:
The appeal from that decision involves a construction of §24 of the Judicial Code, which limits the jurisdiction of the United States District Court when suit is brought therein . . . ‘to recover upon any promissory note or other chose in action in favor of any assignee. . . .’ .” Brown v. Flectcher: 235 U.S. 589, at 594 thru 595 (1914).
A citizen of a State, since the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, can be pursued in a cause of action against a citizen of a foreign State:
“By the Constitution, the judicial power of the United States extends to controversies between citizens of a State, ‘and foreign States, citizens or subjects.’ And by statute, Circuit Courts of the United States have original cognizance of all suits of a civil nature, at common law or in equity, in which there is ‘a controversy between citizens of a State and foreign States, citizens, or subjects.’ 25 Stat. 433, c. 866. . . . .
As complainants were citizens of a foreign State and defendant was a citizen of Nebraska, as affirmatively appeared from the pleadings, no issue of fact arising in that regard, the Circuit Court had jurisdiction.” Hennessy v. Richardson Drug Company: 189 U.S. 25, at 34 (1903).
Thus, a citizen of a State, under Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution can be a litigant in federal court.
1. “The Fourteenth Amendment which was finally adopted July 28, 1868.” Holden v. Hardy: 169 U.S. 375, at 382 (1918).
3. A citizen of the United States can become also a citizen of a State, under Section 1, Clause 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. As such, one would be a citizen of the United States AND a citizen of a State:
We do not here mean to say that there may not be a temporary residence in one State, with intent to return to another, which will not create citizenship in the former. But the plaintiff states nothing to take her case out of the definition of citizenship of a State as defined by the first section of the fourteenth amendment.” Bradwell v. State of Illinois: 83 U.S. 130, at 138 (1873).
4. Privileges and immunities of a citizen of a State are in the constitution and laws of a particular State:
5. “We come to the contention that the citizenship of Edwards was not averred in the complaint or shown by the record, and hence jurisdiction did not appear.
6. There is also the following:
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