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Timestamp: 2017-11-20 19:16:05
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Federal Aviation Regulation Sec. 23.51 - Takeoff speeds.
Home > Aviation Regulations > Parts Index > Part 23 > Sec. 23.51 - Takeoff speeds.
Sec. 23.51 — Takeoff speeds.
(1) or multiengine airplanes, the highest of—
(iii) 1.20 VS1.
(2) For single-engine airplanes, the higher of—
(l) V1must be established in relation to VEFas follows:
(i) VEFis the calibrated airspeed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail. VEFmust be selected by the applicant but must not be less than 1.05 VMCdetermined under §23.149(b) or, at the option of the applicant, not less than VMCGdetermined under §23.149(f).
(ii) The takeoff decision speed, V1, is the calibrated airspeed on the ground at which, as a result of engine failure or other reasons, the pilot is assumed to have made a decision to continue or discontinue the takeoff. The takeoff decision speed, V1, must be selected by the applicant but must not be less than VEFplus the speed gained with the critical engine inoperative during the time interval between the instant at which the critical engine is failed and the instant at which the pilot recognizes and reacts to the engine failure, as indicated by the pilot's application of the first retarding means during the accelerate-stop determination of §23.55.
(ii) 1.05 VMCdetermined under §23.149(b);
(iv) The speed that allows attaining the initial climb-out speed, V2, before reaching a height of 35 feet above the takeoff surface in accordance with §23.57(c)(2).
(3) For any given set of conditions, such as weight, altitude, temperature, and configuration, a single value of VRmust be used to show compliance with both the one-engine-inoperative takeoff and all-engines-operating takeoff requirements.
(4) The takeoff safety speed, V2, in terms of calibrated airspeed, must be selected by the applicant so as to allow the gradient of climb required in §23.67 (c)(1) and (c)(2) but mut not be less than 1.10 VMCor less than 1.20 VS1.
(5) The one-engine-inoperative takeoff distance, using a normal rotation rate at a speed 5 knots less than VR, established in accordance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section, must be shown not to exceed the corresponding one-engine-inoperative takeoff distance, determined in accordance with §23.57 and §23.59(a)(1), using the established VR. The takeoff, otherwise performed in accordance with §23.57, must be continued safely from the point at which the airplane is 35 feet above the takeoff surface and at a speed not less than the established V2minus 5 knots.
(6) The applicant must show, with all engines operating, that marked increases in the scheduled takeoff distances, determined in accordance with §23.59(a)(2), do not result from over-rotation of the airplane or out-of-trim conditions.
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