Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/65509789/EN-12542-2010
Timestamp: 2017-01-23 14:43:01+00:00
Document Index: 122991915

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 5', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 3']

EN 12542_2010 | Nondestructive Testing
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Serbatoi fissi cilindrici di acciaio saldato, per gas di petrolio liquefatti (GPL), prodotti in serie, di capacità geometrica fino a 13 m3
NOVEMBRE 2010 LPG equipment and accessories
Static welded steel cylindrical tanks, serially produced for the storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) having a volume not greater than 13 m3
Design and manufacture La norma specifica i requisiti per la progettazione e la fabbricazione dei serbatoi fissi cilindrici di acciaio saldato, per gas di petrolio liquefatti (GPL), prodotti in serie, di capacità geometrica fino a 13 m3, per installazione fuori terra o interrata.
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La presente norma è la versione ufficiale in lingua inglese della norma europea EN 12542 (edizione agosto 2010). La presente norma sostituisce la UNI EN 12542:2007 e la UNI EN 14075:2007. ICS 23.020.30
© UNI Riproduzione vietata. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Nessuna parte del presente documento può essere riprodotta o diffusa con un mezzo qualsiasi, fotocopie, microfilm o altro, senza il consenso scritto dell’UNI. www.uni.com UNI EN 12542:2010 Pagina I
La presente norma costituisce il recepimento, in lingua inglese, della norma europea EN 12542 (edizione agosto 2010), che assume così lo status di norma nazionale italiana. La presente norma è stata elaborata sotto la competenza della Commissione Tecnica UNI Recipienti per il trasporto di gas compressi, disciolti o liquefatti La presente norma è stata ratificata dal Presidente dell’UNI ed è entrata a far parte del corpo normativo nazionale il 18 novembre 2010.
Le norme UNI sono elaborate cercando di tenere conto dei punti di vista di tutte le parti interessate e di conciliare ogni aspetto conflittuale, per rappresentare il reale stato dell’arte della materia ed il necessario grado di consenso. Chiunque ritenesse, a seguito dell’applicazione di questa norma, di poter fornire suggerimenti per un suo miglioramento o per un suo adeguamento ad uno stato dell’arte in evoluzione è pregato di inviare i propri contributi all’UNI, Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione, che li terrà in considerazione per l’eventuale revisione della norma stessa. Le norme UNI sono revisionate, quando necessario, con la pubblicazione di nuove edizioni o di aggiornamenti. È importante pertanto che gli utilizzatori delle stesse si accertino di essere in possesso dell’ultima edizione e degli eventuali aggiornamenti. Si invitano inoltre gli utilizzatori a verificare l’esistenza di norme UNI corrispondenti alle norme EN o ISO ove citate nei riferimenti normativi. UNI EN 12542:2010 © UNI Pagina II
Supersedes EN 12542:2002, EN 14075:2002
Equipements pour gaz de pétrole liquéfié et leurs accessoires - Réservoirs cylindriques fixes, aériens, en acier soudé, fabriqués en série pour le stockage de gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL) ayant un volume inférieur ou égal à 13 m³ - Conception et fabrication Flüssiggas-Geräte und Ausrüstungsteile - Ortsfeste, geschweißte zylindrische Behälter aus Stahl, die serienmäßig für die Lagerung von Flüssiggas (LPG) hergestellt werden, mit einem Fassungsvermögen bis 13 m³ - Gestaltung und Herstellung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Ref. No. EN 12542:2010: E
UNI EN 12542:2010
............................................................................................1 6.......................5 Introduction ...................................2 4.................................................`........................7.......... 14 Lifting lugs loadings .............5 7................................1 4...............................5 5.......................................................................................................... 19 General .....................................................2 6.............................................................................................4 7............................... 15 Reinforcement .............................................................................................................................................................6 7.................. 18 Repeated tests .........................................................................6 4.....................................EN 12542:2010 (E)
Foreword .......................3 5............................... 13 Welding consumables ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Temperature ................................................. 15 Workmanship and manufacture .. 10 Shells and ends........................................................................................................6.....................................................................................................................................................6........ 19 Execution of welded joints ................................................................................................ 19 Welding ..........................................................................9 Materials ...................3 7............................7.........................................................................................5........................................................................................................................... 16 Acceptable weld details ..................2 5................6 7..........................`---
................................... 15 Environment .1 5........................7 5 5............................................................................................................7.......................................................................................................`.................................................................................................................................................. 16 General ........................................2 7.......................................6....................................................................................................................3 7 7..........................3 7..............................................................................................6........................................................................................................................ 14 Pressure .......................................................................................... 20
--`.........................................................................................................................3 4......... 19 Welding procedure specification (WPS) ..................................................................................................... 15 Position of welds and openings .......... 19 Qualification of welders and welding operators... 16 Joggle joints ................................. 15 General ........................................................................... 19 Preparation of edges to be welded ..................5 7.......................................1 7.......... 13 Inspection documents for materials ...............................................................................7.................................................................................................................................................................4 7...........................5 7........................................................ 17 General ....................................5............................................................................................................................................... 14 Support loadings .`...........................6.........................`............ 15 General ......................... 16 Manufacturing tolerances ..................................................... 13 Non metallic materials (gaskets) ...... 17 Testing of formed parts .............................4 7........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Heat treatment after forming ...................................................................... 16 Formed pressure parts ......``````````.............. 16 Longitudinal welds ..............3 7..................``...........................................................6 6 6.........2 7.......................................................................................................7 7..........................................................................................................5 4.....7 7.......................1 7............................6.............................................. 10 Environmental ............................................ 18 Visual examination and dimensional check ........................................ 10 Pressure parts other than shell or ends ..................................................................................................................................1 7............................. 18 Marking ..........................1 7................................6 1 2 3 4 4......................... 19 Test certificate.........................................................................................................................................7...... 15 Openings .............7 Normative references ..................................3 7..............................................................7.............................4 5........................................................ 13 General .....................................................................................................................................4 4................................................................ 13 Design .............................2 7..................................................................................... 19 Qualification of WPS ............................ 15 Control and traceability of materials ..........................`-`-`............................................. 14 Vacuum conditions ...................................................5......................................................................2 7.................................................................7 Terms and definitions ......................6.................................................6 Scope ............................ 12 Parts welded to the tank ..........................................................................................................
................................................................................. 21 Attachments ..........................................................7 7............... 28 Marking and certification ...................1............................2 8 8..............`.. 22 General ........................ 27 General ...............................................................................1 Mean external diameter..........................................................................................3..................................................................................`.......................................................................................................................3 9 9..............................................1 10..............................1 9................................................................................................. 23 Marking for non-destructive testing ........ 23 Qualification of personnel ................................ 21 Position...............................2 10...................................1............................................ 25 Final examination .........................1 9.......`-`-`.....................................3...3 Calculation of maximum fill . 22 Non-destructive testing techniques .......................................................................5 9........................................................... 20 Preheating ................................`..............2 10 10............................... 23 Magnetic particle techniques .........................................................................................................................2 9........................................................................... 33 B.................................1 Temporary fittings .................. 29 Documents to be prepared by the manufacturer ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Surface treatment and finishing ...................................................................... 34 B.....`.......................... 31 A............................................................................................................8 7...........3.................................. 21 Visual examination of welds................6 Profile............................................2 Underground tanks ................ nozzles and fittings ........................................................... 21 Vent hole...........................................................................1 Above ground tanks .........1 8.................................................................................7........................1 Design pressure (p) ................................................................ 25 Pressure test ................................ 22 Radiographic techniques.............................................3......1 7............................. 21 Non-destructive testing (NDT) ...........................................................6 9......................................................3 9........................................................................................................... 34 Annex C (normative) Hydraulic pressure test......................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Records to be obtained by the manufacturer ........................................................................ 30 A.........4 Irregularities in circular profile ......8 Attachments..................2............................................1.................................................................................................................................................8 7...........................1 12............7 Surface alignment ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32 B.........7 9........ 31 Annex B (normative) Tolerances on tanks ............................................ 30 A....................................... 22 Ultrasonic techniques ................................EN 12542:2010 (E)
7...........2................ 20 Repair of weld imperfections .............. 24 Final assessment ......................................2 10............................................. 27 Finishing operations .................................................................................................8...............................................3 Deviation from the straight line ............................................................................................................................................................ 23 Acceptance criteria ...2
--`................................ 29
Annex A (informative) Design pressure and filling conditions .................................................................................................. 31 A....................................................................... 35 C................................. 20 Repairs of surface imperfections in the parent metal ......................... 32 B........ 24 Production test plates (coupon plates) .................. 30 A.......... 32 B............... 26 Above ground tanks ...........................................................................8.....................1 Design pressure .................................................................................................................................................................................1 10............................................ 32 B...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................9...........................8 9............................................................................................................................7............ 35
.................................................... 21 Inspection and testing ..... 32 B..................3 10................................................................................................................................................ 33 B..................`---
Attachments and supports .................2 8..........................................................9.......................................``...... 27 Underground tanks ...............................4 11 12 12.........4 9................................................................................................................................2 Out of roundness .... 23 Penetrant techniques .............................................................................................................................2 Filling conditions .................... 20 Repairs.......................................................................................................................3.............. 20 Post weld heat treatment ................................................. 26 Environmental considerations .................................................... 20 Non-pressure attachments ...................................................................1 9......................................................................4 9..................................... 30 A....................... 28 Records and documentation .................... 27 Reflectivity .5 Thickness tolerance ...................9 7.......................................2 9..............................................2...........................................5 9.................................................................3 9........................................................................................``````````.....................................
..............................................................4 Ellipsoidal end calculation................3.................................................................................................................................................... 43 E.........14 Branch connections normal to the tank wall ..................................................... 35 Avoidance of shocks ....................3 Other systems .......................................... 57 I...................................`-`-`............................ 35
Annex D (normative) Imperfections .................................2...................................5
Pressure gauges .......EN 12542:2010 (E)
C........ 56 H........................................................ 57 I..............3.................................................................... 38 E.......... 43 E............................................. 41 E.............``````````.........1 Method ..... 57 I.. 38 E...1 Allowable stresses........................................................................3..................13 Reinforcement by branches .............................................................1 General .................................... 49 F................ 40 E......................`.... 35 Pressurising agent.......................10 Compensating plates ...2 Systems incorporating a protective envelope ................3............................................................................................................................. 41 E................................2 Unmonitored protection systems .......................11 Reinforcement í General .................................................................................................................5 Cylindrical shells and ends with openings .....................................2.................................................... 57 I......................3 Monitored protection systems ................................................................. 62
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......................................................................................................... 43 E............................................................................... 61 Bibliography ................. 38 E.................................3.......2..................................................................`............................... 44 Annex F (informative) Measurement of shell peaking .................................................................................3......................................... 43 E..........................................................1 General .....................1 General ....................................................2................................................................................ 36 Annex E (normative) Design formulae for tanks ...........................................................5 Hemispherical ends ..................3.............................................................................. 57 I...................................... 44 E...................................... 38 E........................................................................... 43 E.......................3.............................................................................................................................3............................................................ 38 E........................................................................................................................... 43 E............................8 Elliptical openings ...................................................................................................2......................................3...............3 Distance between openings or branches .............................................. 58 Annex J (informative) Environmental check list .............................................12 Reinforcement by pads ...................... 44 E......................................................................................3 C...........3...........2 C................................................................................................ 58 I................................................................................................................................................................ 52 Annex H (informative) Method of determining reflectivity indices (above ground tanks) .....................3....... 43 E...``..................................................... 38 E................... 35 Test procedure ................................................................................................................................................ 39 E......................................................2 Cylindrical shell calculation ............3.................................................................... 49 F.3.................................................................................................................................................9 Welded branches .......................... 59 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC .........1 Systems incorporating cathodic protection ........................................................................................4 C.........................................................6 Equations for calculating .............1 Profile gauge ................................................... 56 Annex I (normative) External protection of underground tanks .........................................................................................7 Extent of reinforcement .....2 Peaking survey............................................................................................................................ 42 E......3............................................................................... 42 E......... 41 E..................................................................................................................................3......................................2........................................................................................................2 Size of openings ...........................................4 Openings and branches .......`................................................................................................3 Nozzle reinforcement .............`.........6 Shell reinforcement .......................................................................3 Torispherical end calculation ......2 Design formulae ................................................... 43 E.................. 49 Annex G (informative) Examples of joints ........................3....
EN 12542:2010 (E)
This document (EN 12542:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 286 “Liquefied petroleum gas equipment and accessories”. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.. This document supersedes EN 12542:2002.`. For relationship with EU Directive(s). Latvia. Bulgaria. Germany. reference to the latest welding standards.. which is an integral part of this document. Slovakia. see informative Annex ZA.. Sweden. the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria. Slovenia.. Poland. Croatia.``. Spain.`. Belgium.
.. Denmark. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. Ireland. Malta. Finland...
--`. either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement.`---
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations.. Norway. Italy. France. Estonia. Netherlands.``````````. Luxembourg. Lithuania.`. Czech Republic. at the latest by February 2011. EN 14075:2002. Hungary. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s)... The main technical changes in this revision include: ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ widening of the Scope to include requirements for underground tanks. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard. Romania.. Greece.. and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2011.`-`-`. Iceland. Cyprus. Portugal. and introduction of radioscopy as a permitted alternative to radiographic examination of welds. addition of environmental considerations. the secretariat of which is held by NSAI.`. Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
.`.``.`.. packaging..`... It is recommended that manufacturers develop an environmental management policy.`-`-`.
NOTE 1 Annex J indicates which clauses in this standard address environmental issues... distribution. fabrication.. It may be beneficial to refer to the leaflet "Measurement Uncertainty Leaflet (SP INFO 2000 27 uncertainty. etc.
.pdf)".`---
All pressures are gauge pressures unless otherwise stated.. Limit values are specified in national laws.. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations at any stage. Protection of the environment is taken in a very broad sense..
Provisions should be restricted to a general guidance.EN 12542:2010 (E)
This European Standard calls for the use of substances and procedures that may be injurious to health and/or the environment if adequate precautions are not taken. Protection of the environment is a key political issue in Europe and elsewhere.``````````. scrapping. For guidance see ISO 14000 series It has been assumed in the drafting of this European Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.
NOTE 2 This European Standard requires measurement of material properties. use. etc. dimensions and pressures. What is meant is the total life cycle aspects of e. including expenditure of energy and during all phases from mining of raw materials. a product on the environment. All such measurements are subject to a degree of uncertainty due to tolerances in measuring equipment.
--`.`.g. recycling of materials..
--`. EN 287-1. Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic examination — Characterization of indications in welds EN 1714:1997. Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination of welded joints — Acceptance levels EN 1713:1998... Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Impact tests — Test specimen location. Welding personnel — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials EN 1435:1997.`..`..`. Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 2: Image quality indicators (step/hole type) — Determination of image quality value EN 473:2008. the edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) valid at the time of publication of this standard applies. Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination of welded joints
. solid wire-flux and tubular cored electrode-flux combinations for submerged arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels — Classification EN 837-2. Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in fusion welded joints EN 895.. Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire type) — Determination of image quality value EN 462-2.`-`-`.``````````.`---
EN 462-1. Non-destructive examination of fusion welds — Visual examination EN 1321. For dated references...EN 12542:2010 (E)
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design and manufacture of static welded steel cylindrical tanks... Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles EN 571-1.. Pressure gauges — Part 2: Selection and installation recommendations for pressure gauges EN 875.. Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Transverse tensile test EN 970. Non destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles EN 756.`.
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For undated references. Welding consumables — Solid wires. Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds EN 1418. Welding — Basic weld joint details in steel — Part 1: Pressurized components EN 1712:1997..``. notch orientation and examination EN 876. serially produced for the storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with a volume not greater 3 than 13 m and for installation above or below ground. only the edition cited applies. Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints EN 1708-1.
Environmental labels and declarations procedures (ISO 14024:1999) Type I environmental labelling Principles and
--`. titanium and their alloys by radiography — Acceptance levels EN 13445-2. Non-destructive testing — Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates — Part 1: Classification of systems EN 14784-2. Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 5: Weldable fine grain steels.. Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental declarations — Principles and procedures (ISO 14025:2006) EN ISO 15609-1. Non-destructive testing — Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates — Part 2: General principles for testing of metallic materials using X-rays and gamma rays EN ISO 636. thermomechanically rolled EN 10204:2004. Welding consumables — Rods. including Technical Corrigendum 1:2006) EN ISO 6520-1:2007. corrected version:2005. titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2003.. Metallic products — Types of inspection documents EN 12517-1:2006. Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels.`. Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel.`---
EN ISO 14025. Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure specification — Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1:2004)
.. Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels EN 10028-2. Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10028-3.. Welding and allied processes — Environmental check list EN 14784-1.... wires and deposits for tungsten inert gas welding of non-alloy and fine-grain steels — Classification (ISO 636:2004) EN ISO 2560.EN 12542:2010 (E)
EN 10025-2. Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design EN 13636.``. nickel..`-`-`. Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Bend tests (ISO 5173:2009) EN ISO 5817:2007. Unfired pressure vessels — Part 2: Materials EN 13445-3. nickel. Environmental labels and declarations – Self-declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling) (ISO 14021:1999) EN ISO 14024.`. Cathodic protection of buried metallic tanks and related piping EN 14717....`. normalized EN 10028-5..``````````. Welding consumables — Covered electrodes for manual arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels — Classification (ISO 2560:2009) EN ISO 5173. Non-destructive examination of welds — Part 1: Evaluation of welded joints in steel.`. Welding and applied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials — Part 1: Fusion welding (ISO 6520-1:2007) EN ISO 14021.
`....6 design pressure gauge pressure used in design formulae
--`. Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing (ISO 17638:2003) EN ISO 23277:2009. hydrocarbon gases mixture.4 yield strength upper yield strength ReH or..2 % proof strength Rp0. Liquefied
NOTE In some countries.. Welding consumables — Tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels — Classification (ISO 17632:2004) EN ISO 17635..`.`.`. the following terms and definitions apply.`---
. for steels that do not exhibit a definite yield.1 Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG mixture of predominantly butane or propane with traces of other hydrocarbon gases classified in accordance with UN number 1965.``````````.2 serially produced tanks more than one tank manufactured in the same factory to a common design using the same material and manufacturing procedure and produced with no major interruption within a given period of time 3. 3. the 0. Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on pre-production welding test (ISO 15613:2004) EN ISO 15614-1.EN 12542:2010 (E)
EN ISO 15613.`-`-`. Non-destructive testing of welds — Penetrant testing of welds — Acceptance levels (ISO 23277:2006) EN ISO 23278:2009.3 manufacturer manufacturer of the tank unless otherwise specified 3.5 Pressure Equipment Directive PED Directive 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment 3. UN numbers 1011 and 1978 may also be designated LPG. Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing of welds — Acceptance levels (ISO 23278:2006) ISO 9162. liquefied.. Petroleum products — Fuels (class F) — Liquefied petroleum gases — Specifications
For the purposes of this document....``. NOS or UN number 1075. Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 15614-1:2004) EN ISO 17632...2 3. Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials (ISO 17635:2010) EN ISO 17638.
3. petroleum gases.
the design pressure is equivalent to the "Maximum allowable pressure".`.7 climatic area geographic area agreed or defined by the relevant national authorities. as defined in Table 1 — Material grouping.`---
.2.EN 12542:2010 (E)
NOTE For tanks made to this standard.`-`-`.2 ⎯ ⎯
In all cases the materials used shall comply with the following:
the chemical composition and mechanical properties shall meet the requirements of either Group 1 or Group 2..`.. in the PED..``````````. nominal size and material specifications on the same production machinery and subject to the same heat treatment conditions
NOTE In this context..11 production-batch group of pressure parts or finished tanks.9 cold forming forming at temperatures at least 30 °C below the maximum permissible temperature for stress relieving in accordance with the material specification 3. PS.
4. see EN ISO 14021. consecutively need not imply continuous production.
NOTE Other equivalent material specifications which have either European materials approval or have been subjected to a particular material appraisal may be used.8 hot forming forming at temperatures above the maximum permissible temperature for stress relieving in accordance with the material specification 3.`. EN 10028-3 or EN 10028-5. on the iron-iron carbide equilibrium diagram.`.2
Shells and ends
4. responsible for defining the design conditions for LPG storage tanks.``.
4. the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength shall not exceed 700 MPa.. EN ISO 14024 and EN ISO 14025...1 Materials for shells and ends shall be selected from the range of steels specified in EN 10028-2..
3. representing the temperature at the end of transformation of austenite to ferrite on cooling of the steel
NOTE The actual temperature varies with composition of the steel. in the country(ies) where the tank is intended to be operated
NOTE The area is used to define the reference temperature for design pressure and filling.
3. made consecutively by the same manufacturer using the same manufacturing techniques to the same design.2.10 Ar3 critical point....1
The manufacturer shall endeavour to acquire materials and components from suppliers who have a declared environmental policy.. or other bodies.
... the impact properties shall be not less than 27 J at the minimum design temperature or shall meet the requirements for low temperature design as detailed in EN 13445-2. see 9..4 Where materials subject to particular material appraisal have been used. Steels shall be grouped in accordance with Table 1 — Material grouping..`. satisfactory properties following welding shall be demonstrated by production weld test plates...3
--`..`.EN 12542:2010 (E)
the minimum elongation after fracture shall be 14 %.``..``````````.`.`..2..`-`-`...
Pressure parts other than shell or ends
Materials for pressure parts. EN 10217 series (Welded tubes) and EN 10273 (Bars).70 Mo  0.
4. or a similar specification which has European materials approval or particular material appraisal.. include EN 10222-2 (Forgings)..045 P  0..
--`.05 V  0.40 Ni  0.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Table 1 — Material grouping Group 1 Sub-group Type of steel Steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH < 460 MPa and with analysis in percent: C  0.`.``````````. shall comply with the appropriate harmonised European Standard for the material.25 Si  0..`. ReH may be replaced by Rp0..4 for castings) Nb  0.75 %.`---
..`...12 Ti  0..2.3 (0. This table is based on ISO/TR 15608:2000.2 1.045 Cu  0. other than shells and ends. EN 10216-2 (Seamless tubes).``.60 Mn  1.05 1.70 S  0..5
Cr  0. A higher value is accepted provided that Cr + Mo + Ni + Cu + V < 0.1 1.3
Steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH  275 MPa Steels with a specified minimum yield strength 275 MPa < ReH  360 MPa Normalized fine grain steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH > 360 MPa Thermomechanically treated fine grain steels and cast steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH > 360 MPa
NOTE Examples of standards which may be used..1
Thermomechanically treated fine grain steels and cast steels with a specified minimum yield strength 360 MPa < ReH  460 MPa
In accordance with the specification of the steel product standards.`-`-`.
3 of the PED gives specific requirements for material manufacturers and their quality management systems.. Other parts shall have documentation in accordance with EN 10204:2004.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Materials shall also meet the requirements of 4.`. 5.6
Inspection documents for materials
--`. For the pressure retaining parts and non-pressure parts directly welded to the tank the documents shall be in accordance with EN 10204:2004.3. the material shall meet the requirements of 4.4 and 5..``````````. The welding consumables shall be selected from EN ISO 2560.
5..4.1.2.. inspection certificate Type 3.`.
Tank thicknesses shall be calculated in accordance with Annex E No internal corrosion allowance is required for tanks intended to contain LPG which complies with ISO 9162 and is supplied to a national or international standard or other equivalent specification.
. No external corrosion allowance is required for tanks protected against external corrosion in accordance with Clause 10.7
Non metallic materials (gaskets)
Non metallic materials shall be compatible with both phases of LPG over the full range of pressures and temperatures anticipated in service. The documents shall include.2.`. vacuum conditions and liquid load in accordance with 5.
NOTE the PED.`---
The tank manufacturer shall obtain inspection documents showing the chemical analysis and details of the mechanical properties of the steel supplied for the construction of the tank.`-`-`.
Parts welded to the tank
Non-pressure retaining parts that are directly welded to the pressure retaining parts shall be made from suitable materials selected from EN 10025-2 or a material which is compatible with the pressure retaining part material.`.2 and 4. It may be necessary for these materials to be subject to the alternative material approval requirements of
In all cases. The tank shall be designed to withstand the forces of pressure. The appropriate weld joint coefficient for the material used and the level of non-destructive testing to be adopted shall be selected in accordance with Table 2. as appropriate.7. Suitability of the chosen consumables shall be demonstrated in accordance with 7.. EN 756..5
The welding consumables shall be such that they are capable of giving consistent welds with properties at least equal to those specified for the parent materials of the finished tank.. or be supplemented by.
NOTE Annex 1 Essential Safety Requirement 4.
4..5.2.
4. the material manufacturer's documented affirmation of compliance to the material specification...3 and 4.2.. test report Type 2. EN ISO 17632 or EN ISO 636.3.2.``..
For underground tanks. the tank and supports shall be designed to withstand the load when the tank is filled with water..``..
Recommended pressures for various climatic areas are given in Annex A. dimensional drawing shall be produced. profile of the tank.``````````. p (see 3... minimising the use of materials.
5. the weight of the surrounding ground in the operating condition and loadings from anti-flotation devices shall be taken into account. A fully detailed.`.
5..5). shall not be less than the maximum allowable pressure.`.
NOTE 2 This requirement should ensure that the tank will withstand vacuum conditions generated by the product during operation or normal maintenance. if temperatures lower than – 20 °C are envisaged. it shall be selected taking into account: ⎯ the pressure developed by the LPG at the maximum soil temperature at 1 m depth.`-`-`. However. efficient transport of finished product.. footprint of the tank to minimise land use.
NOTE 1 This can be demonstrated by calculation in accordance with EN 13445-3....
5. and ⎯ the maximum pressure of the LPG delivered into the tank.5
Support loadings
For above ground tanks. the tank and its supports shall be designed to withstand the greater of:
. Where necessary.3 bar absolute. fittings required for the tank.
NOTE ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ The design of the tank should take account of the following: required vaporisation capacity.`.
The tank shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure of 0.. the manufacturer shall demonstrate that the material from which the pressure containing parts of the tank are constructed shall have properties suitable for a range of temperatures – 40 °C to 50 °C in accordance with EN 13445-2.EN 12542:2010 (E)
For underground tanks.3
The design temperature range shall be – 20 °C to 50 °C. attachments to the tank shall be welded using a backing plate. For underground tanks..`---
The design pressure. minimising the environmental impact of in service maintenance and end of life disposal.`..
NOTE 1 The manufacturer should endeavour to minimise wastage of material by selecting appropriately sized materials related to the finished parts required for manufacture..
6. The forming...``.. Openings using screwed or flanged connections shall be positioned such that they remain accessible after installation.3. the load from its supports when the tank is filled with water. welding and heat treatment performed by the manufacturer shall ensure that the material properties in the finished tank meet the requirements of the design intent and this standard.`-`-`.1
Tanks shall be provided with an adequate number of openings to satisfy the need for fittings to meet service requirements.`. The manufacturer shall be responsible for the competence.
7. training and supervision of its staff. The manufacturer shall have a defined organisation for the control of manufacturing operations. Unavoidable waste/scrap material should be recycled.EN 12542:2010 (E)
the operating mass plus the mass of the backfill above the tank. welding and heat treatment.6
Lifting lugs loadings
The lifting lugs shall be designed to accept the maximum loads anticipated during construction and handling..3
Position of welds and openings
The welds of openings shall be clear of longitudinal and circumferential welds and welds of other openings as measured between the weld edges by not less than the smaller of: ⎯ twice the thickness of the shell or head (as appropriate).
This shall be demonstrated by calculation in accordance with EN 13445-3 or by experimental testing.2
Each opening shall be reinforced by a boss. This shall be demonstrated by calculation in accordance with EN 13445-3 or experimental testing...`. which includes special processes such as forming. pad or compensating plate attached by welding and designed in accordance with E.
--`...
6.`.. ⎯ 40 mm.`---
..``````````.1
Workmanship and manufacture
Tanks shall be manufactured according to drawings and specifications in accordance with the requirements of this standard and good engineering practice.2
The environmental impact of welding and allied processes shall be assessed in accordance with EN 14717.
7..`.
NOTE 2 Noise levels from the production process should be evaluated and measures put into place to minimise the impact upon the external environment.``````````.3 7. Records of the welding consumables used shall be retained... it should be transferred by the pressure part manufacturer..5..5.
.. The manufacturer shall ensure that the material used complies with that specified in the design and/or the drawings In laying out and cutting the material.4
Tolerances on the shape of tanks shall be in accordance with Annex B.2
Shell welds shall be either helical butt welds or longitudinal butt welds.`-`-`.5.. the longitudinal weld seams of adjacent strakes shall be staggered by at least 100 mm.3.5
7.`.5..1
Acceptable weld details
Basic weld details shall be in accordance with EN 1708-1. to another part of this component.
7.1 ⎯ Joggle joints Joggle joints shall meet the following requirements:
the offset section which forms the weld backing shall be a close fit within its mating section around the entire circumference (machining of the spigot of the offset section is permissible provided that the thickness remaining as backing material is not less than 75 % of the original thickness at any point).
7. or traceable by operation of a documented system which ensures material traceability for all materials in the completed tank. 7..``.
When identification on materials is transferred.3
Control and traceability of materials
The manufacturer shall maintain a system of identification for the material used in fabrication in order that all material for pressure parts in the completed tank can be traced to its origin.`---
7.`. the profile of the offset shall be maintained.`.. The transfer of the mark should be carried out by a person designated by the manufacturer. with a smooth radius without sharp corners throughout production. This spacing shall be measured between weld edges..
NOTE Where the material identification mark is unavoidably cut out during manufacture of a pressure part.. Recommended weld details are given in Annex G. The traceability system shall incorporate procedures for verifying the identity of material as received from the supplier via the material manufacturer’s test certificates and/or acceptance tests. the material identification mark shall be so located as to be: a) b) clearly visible when the pressure part is completed. Where a tank is made from more than one shell strake.
--`. the method of stamping or marking shall not have any detrimental effect on the specified material properties.`..
2. If the forming temperature is less than Ar3 or the elongation of the steel.3.2.`.5.2 Heat treatment after cold forming of flat products
Cold formed ends shall be heat treated after forming.1 Heat treatment after forming Environment
Where heat treatment is performed the process shall be designed to minimise energy consumption. Where formed parts are supplied as components. reference shall be made to 4.2 are met.`-`-`. or a burst test on a prototype tank demonstrates that the formed component is not the weakest part of the tank. Plates used for formed parts shall comply with 4.`---
Formed pressure parts shall be either cold formed or hot formed. is less than that specified in 4. the area of the weld shall be proven to be free of cracks by magnetic particle testing in accordance with EN ISO 17638 or penetrant testing in accordance with EN 571-1. On completion of the joggling.`.6.. use of coolants...6
7.2. the joggle shall be sufficiently clear of the knuckle radius to ensure that the edge of the circumferential weld is at least 12 mm clear of the knuckle. controlled and meet the requirements of 7.
7.6.6.6.2 7..3
If no subsequent heat treatment is intended. Ends shall be made from one piece of plate.. this shall be by normalising to achieve the required material properties.2. 7.6.
7. The work-piece temperature during hot forming shall not exceed 1 050 °C..2 When the flange section of the dished end is joggled.1
Formed pressure parts
--`.. the forming process shall be proven.1. 7.
Recommended arrangement for joggle joints is shown in Figure G.. after forming.
NOTE The base material manufacturer's test certificate can be taken as an indication or recommendation for the type of heat treatment required.3 When a strake edge is joggled the longitudinal or helical weld shall be ground flush internally and externally for a distance of approximately 50 mm prior to joggling with no reduction of plate thickness..EN 12542:2010 (E)
on completion of the welding the weld shall have a smooth profile and shall fill the groove to the full thickness of the plate being joined. unless it can be demonstrated that the properties specified in 4..2.2...``. Where heat treatment is applied after cold forming. formed parts shall be heat treated by normalising or another qualified procedure after hot forming in order to restore the mechanical properties to comply with 4.2.`.6.3.5.``````````. 7.2.
7. and ensure the environmentally friendly disposal of insulating material and other waste.
. the formed parts and the test pieces may be subject to one further heat treatment and the tests repeated.6. or a redundant piece of the formed part. taken in accordance with the material specification. Where the test results from correctly tested specimens do not comply with the specification. shall have tests carried out after the last forming operation or any heat treatment.``. the test pieces shall be taken from sample ends selected as follows: ⎯ ⎯ one from the first ten of each family. the test may be repeated. to demonstrate conformity to the material specification.6. which require certificates according to EN 10204:2004. one shall be at least 70 % of the minimum value. no mechanical tests are required in respect of the forming operation except where required by 7. The test pieces. of these two.3
Testing of formed parts
For cold-formed parts not subject to heat treatment. shall be rejected.2 for ends.. The testing shall be repeated on two other formed parts of the same production-batch where the test results shall comply with the specification. All other formed parts where the material thickness is greater than or equal to 5 mm. or from a separate piece formed by the same procedure.. and then one from each 1 000 units produced. forming process..4
Where an unsatisfactory test result is due to poor testing technique or to a defect limited to one specimen. three further test specimens shall be taken from the test piece and tested.6. but not less than one per two years. and geometrical similarity to ± 10 %. Where the results of the repeated tests fail to meet the specification. 7. the test shall be repeated with two further specimens taken from the test piece..5 Visual examination and dimensional check
Formed parts. No more than two individual values shall fall below the minimum value and.6.2. Repeated tests
7. If any of the tests on the re-heat treated parts fail.. which fails to comply with the specification. where one of the three impact tests fail. In the case of formed ends.. shall consist of one tensile and three impact specimens. the test shall be repeated as follows: ⎯ ⎯ where the tensile or bend test fails.
--`. The mean value of these six individual test results shall meet the specification. the formed parts or production-batch shall be rejected. Test pieces shall be taken from an excess length.EN 12542:2010 (E)
7. shall be subject to visual examination and dimensional check in the delivered condition by the manufacturer.
Ends belong to a family when they have the following characteristics in common: ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ material specification. The results of the visual examination and the dimensional check shall be certified by the manufacturer and included with the EN 10204:2004 certificate. heat treatment. These two results shall then comply with the specification.
Any pressure part..
7..3 Qualification of WPS
Welding procedure specifications shall be qualified by tests in accordance with EN ISO 15614-1 or EN ISO 15613.7. 7.
--`. 7.`---
The surface to be welded shall be thoroughly cleaned of oxide scale.``````````..1
Welding shall comply with the following: ⎯ ⎯ the welding procedures shall be selected by the manufacturer for the field of application and the welders and welding personnel shall be qualified for the work allocated to them. individual formed parts shall be traceable to the production-batch. All circumferential welds for tanks with diameter less than or equal to 1 250 mm shall be by a mechanised/automatic welding process.
7.7.`. longitudinal welds shall be by a mechanised/automatic welding process.6.`-`-`.6.7..6
Formed parts shall be marked in such a manner that the material and the manufacturer of the formed parts can be identified during manufacture of the tank..EN 12542:2010 (E)
7.5 Preparation of edges to be welded
NOTE Material can be cut to size and shape by any mechanical or thermal cutting process or by combination of both. it will be necessary for the weld procedures and welder qualifications to be approved by a notified body or third party organisation recognised by a member state.2
The manufacturer shall compile welding procedure specifications for all joints in accordance with EN ISO 15609-1..7.. In both cases.. the manufacturer shall take precautions to ensure that the tack welding does not generate metallurgical or homogeneity defects.
NOTE The training.``. In the case of production-batch testing..4 Qualification of welders and welding operators
Welders shall be qualified in accordance with EN 287-1 and welding operators with EN 1418..`.`.7.
The manufacturer shall maintain an up-to-date list of welders and welding operators.
NOTE For tanks required to conform to the PED. The tack welds shall be removed or fully fused in the weld. 7.`. The edges to be welded shall be kept in position either by mechanical means or by tack welds or by a combination of both. 7... oil. This may be carried out before or after forming operations. together with the records of their qualification tests. grease or other foreign substance to avoid any detrimental effect on weld quality.
7. supervision and control of welders and welding operators is the responsibility of the manufacturer.7 Test certificate
Product certificates for formed parts shall include details of any heat treatment applied.
`.8 7. Where it does occur accidentally the affected area (including the heat-affected zone) shall be repaired. where necessary.9 Repairs
7..1 Repairs of surface imperfections in the parent metal
If surface imperfections are only superficial. shall only be welded to a part subject to pressure by qualified welders using a qualified procedure.
NOTE The preheat temperature depends on the composition of the metal being welded.8.`..`-`-`.`.EN 12542:2010 (E)
When welding without a sealing run. any slag shall be removed and. such as accidental arc strikes. 7. including supports.7.. oxy-acetylene cutting marks.1 Preheating The manufacturer shall include the preheating temperature in the WPS. Recommendations on preheating are given in EN 1011-2.
7.2. The affected areas shall be dressed smooth and subjected to penetrant or magnetic particle testing.2 Repair of weld imperfections
Weld imperfections not meeting the acceptance criteria shall be repaired or the tank shall be scrapped. the second side of a welded joint shall be removed back to sound metal using a mechanical or thermal process or by grinding. or the pressure part to which they are welded. During the whole welding operation. the manufacturer shall ensure that the alignment and the gap between the edges to be welded will give the required penetration at the weld root. the imperfections may be removed by grinding so that the ground area has a taper with the adjoining surfaces. 7.`---
.8. Temporary attachments shall be removed using a technique. The grinding shall be followed by inspection for surface imperfections..7 Attachments and supports
Attachments (whether temporary or not). unless the areas are to be subsequently covered by further welding which shall be checked according to 9..7. Stray arcing on pressure tank parts outside the weld preparation shall be avoided.
--`.7. Unless the welding process used provides effective and sound penetration. the material thickness and the heat input being used.9..6 Execution of welded joints
After each weld run...
7. 7. 7..``..2 No welding shall be carried out when the temperature of the parent metal adjacent to the joint is less than + 5 °C. Where the imperfections reduce the thickness of the wall below the minimum design thickness no repair shall be carried out and the tank shall be rejected.8
Post weld heat treatment is not required for the material types and weld thicknesses used for tanks built to this standard.7. The thickness at the repair shall be checked to ensure that the design requirements are met. the edges to be welded shall be suitably restrained so that the required weld geometry is maintained. which does not affect the properties of the metal.7.`.9.``````````. tool marks. the weld cleaned and any surface defects removed.
.. depending on the extent of the imperfections.`. The repair shall be carried out by a qualified welder or operator...`..EN 12542:2010 (E)
EN 13109 gives advice on the scrapping of LPG tanks.`.2 or with a specific qualified repair procedure. lugs..
8. not subject to tank pressure are permitted to be attached to the tank by welding provided that such attachments are made of weldable and compatible steel. the procedure does not need to be requalified. The manufacturer shall keep records of all weld repairs.7.
NOTE It is recommended that visual examination is supplemented by magnetic particle or penetrant testing in case of doubt (see 9. residue or protective coating of any kind. Repair shall be carried out using a qualified WPS in accordance with 7. scale.3.1
--`. Repaired areas shall be non-destructively tested in the same manner as the original weld and shall meet the requirements of Clause 9.
.. where practicable. Where the result of the examination is not satisfactory..3. Attachments shall be positioned and designed so as to avoid collecting or trapping water. by local repair.`. pads.2
Attachments shall be designed to permit inspection of the weld and shall.1
All welded joints shall be visually examined for surface imperfections in accordance with EN 970 on completion of welding and imperfections shall be assessed using the criteria in 9.
Imperfections shall be repaired by either removing and reinstating the complete weld or.. a further repair is not permitted. dirt...4 and 9.
8.`---
Non-pressure attachments
Supports.``.5).
8.9 or the tank shall be rejected.3
Any backing pad or plate which covers a pressure containing weld shall be provided with a vent hole which shall be tapped and plugged. All attachment welds shall be continuous. Unacceptable imperfections shall be repaired in accordance with 7.`-`-`. Where not practicable the attachment and its welds shall cross the joint completely.6. be clear of the longitudinal and circumferential joints by a minimum distance of 40 mm. When original the weld procedure is used for the repair. The surface examined shall be well illuminated and shall be free from grease. etc..``````````.
9.2.1 Radiographic and/or ultrasonic testing of longitudinal or helical shell welds shall be carried out in accordance with 9.3.2 and 9.3.3 to the extent specified in Table 2. Any imperfections shall be assessed using the criteria in 9.6. 9.2.2 In the case of steel groups 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 the extent of NDT can be reduced from 100 % to 10 % when satisfactory experience is achieved. Satisfactory experience is defined as successful production, without any unacceptable imperfections, of 25 tanks or 50 m of weld, whichever is the greater, see 9.6. If there is a change in welding procedure or following a break in production of more than four weeks, the criteria for satisfactory experience shall be re-established. 9.2.3 10 % of the aggregate length of all circumferential welds on each tank shall be tested by radiographic or ultrasonic testing in accordance with 9.3.2 or 9.3.3. Areas tested shall include all T junctions.
NOTE It is recommended that the manufacturer produces a location drawing of the tested areas.
Table 2 — Extent of non-destructive testing on longitudinal welds and weld joint coefficients Steel group (see Table 1) Extent of NDT
1.1, 1.2, 1.3 2.1
100 % then 10 %
The percentage relates to the percentage of welds of each individual tank.
Limited to fully mechanised and/or automatic welding process where at least the weld head and the welding consumable movement is mechanised. First figure: initially; second figure: after satisfactory experience. See 9.2.2.
9.2.4 10 % of the aggregate length of all welds attaching nozzles, branches and compensating plates to the shell and ends and 10 % of all other attachment welds to pressure components shall be examined for imperfections by magnetic particle and/or penetrant techniques; see 9.3.4 or 9.3.5. Any imperfections shall be assessed using the criteria in 9.6.
The selection of non-destructive testing techniques shall be in accordance with EN ISO 17635. Other methods and techniques may be used provided the same level of imperfection detection is achieved. 9.3.2 Radiographic techniques
Radiographic examination shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1435:1997, class B, and in accordance with EN 14784-1 and EN 14784-2, where applicable.
Radiographic sensitivity shall be determined in accordance with EN 462-1, EN 462-2 or with other techniques which achieve comparable sensitivities. Each section of weld radiographed shall have symbols affixed to identify the following: ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ job or workpiece serial number, order number or similar distinctive reference number; joint; section of the joint; and outer edges of the weld.
NOTE 1 It is recommended that these are marked with arrows or other symbols alongside but clear of the edges to clearly mark their positions.
Where radiographs of the entire length of a weld are required, sufficient overlap shall be provided to ensure that the radiographs cover the whole of the weld and each radiograph shall exhibit a number near each end. Radiographs of repair welds shall be clearly identified, e.g. "R1".
NOTE 2 The location of the weld may be identified with a letter "L" for a longitudinal weld, "C” for a circumferential weld, with the addition of a numeral (1, 2, 3, etc.) to indicate whether the weld was the first, second, third, etc., of that type.
Where radiographic examination is specified, it may be carried out using radioscopy provided that the process can be demonstrated to provide the same quality of examination, imperfection detection and the same level of records, as the radiographic examination. 9.3.3 Ultrasonic techniques
Ultrasonic testing techniques shall comply with EN 1714:1997, at least Class B. Before carrying out ultrasonic examination of welds, the adjacent parent metal shall be ultrasonically examined to establish the thickness of the material and to locate any imperfections which may prevent effective examination of the weld. 9.3.4 Magnetic particle techniques
Magnetic particle inspection techniques shall be in accordance with EN ISO 17638. Care shall be taken to avoid damage to surfaces by misuse of the magnetic equipment and if such damage occurs, it shall be repaired in accordance with 7.9.1. 9.3.5 Penetrant techniques
Penetrant testing of welds shall be carried out in accordance with EN 571-1.
Marking for non-destructive testing
For all non-destructive testing techniques, identifying marks shall be made alongside welds to provide reference points for the accurate location of the seam with respect to the test report, see 12.2, i).
Testing personnel shall be qualified to EN 473:2008, level 1 or higher, and shall be supervised by personnel qualified to EN 473:2008, level 2 or level 3.
NOTE For tanks required to conform to the PED Categories III and IV, it is necessary for testing personnel to be approved by a third party organisation recognised by a member state pursuant to Article 13 of the PED.
9.6.1 Imperfections found by visual and non-destructive testing shall be characterised and assessed using the criteria detailed in Table 3. Table 3 — Acceptance criteria Examination/testing method Visual examination Characterisation EN ISO 5817:2007 (surface imperfections). Acceptance criteria EN ISO 5817:2007. (surface imperfection level C), plus Table D.1 of this standard. EN 12517-1:2006. Acceptance level 2, plus Table D.2 of this standard. EN 1712:1997. Acceptance level 2. No planar imperfections permitted. EN ISO 23278:2009. Acceptance level 2X. EN ISO 23277:2009. Acceptance level 2X.
EN 12517-1:2006 and Table D.2 of this standard.
EN 1713:1998 (Note: recommendations only).
EN ISO 23278:2009.
EN ISO 23277:2009.
9.6.2 When isolated unacceptable imperfections are found during non-destructive testing, two additional areas of the weld containing the imperfection shall be tested by the same method. If further unacceptable imperfections are found then the weld seam shall be tested 100 % and the acceptance criteria applied to the 100 % tested. 9.6.3 If a recurrence of the same type of unacceptable imperfections (continuous or multiple) is found in a weld when the whole of a weld is inspected as required by 9.6.2, then the tank produced immediately before and after the tank being examined shall have the equivalent welds examined. 9.6.4 If no unacceptable imperfections are found in the appropriate welds of those two tanks, no further special testing is required. 9.6.5 If unacceptable imperfections are found in either of the preceding or following tanks, then further tanks in sequence, both before and after the tanks containing unacceptable imperfections, shall be assessed in accordance with 9.6.2 and 9.6.3 until a tank with no unacceptable imperfection is found. Where 9.2.2 is applicable, satisfactory experience shall be re-established during subsequent production.
Production test plates (coupon plates)
9.7.1 For each month of production and for each longitudinal or helical welding process the number of test plates shall be as follows: ⎯ ⎯ one test plate from one test plate from 0 m to 60 m; 60 m to 360 m;
9..7.`-`-`. be attached to the shell plate on one end of the welds so that the edges to be welded in the test plate are a continuation and duplication of the corresponding edges of the tank weld. two further bend tests shall be made.4
A test record shall be prepared showing the test results compared with the specified requirements. Testing shall be carried out in accordance with the following standards: ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ Bend test Macro examination Impact test Longitudinal tensile test Transverse tensile test EN ISO 5173.
9.. EN 876.3 The test plates shall be of sufficient size to allow for the required specimens. EN 875. then the welds represented by the test plate shall be deemed not to be in conformance with this standard. 1 860 m to 9 360 m. the welding procedure used shall duplicate that used in the construction of the tank... wherever practicable.. if no unacceptable imperfections are found. Tanks. one test plate shall be produced per year. such as in the case of circumferential joints.
9. The minimum pressure applied during the test shall be 1.1
Tanks shall be hydraulically tested in accordance with Annex C.43 times the design pressure (see Annex A).7. EN 895.8.
--`.`. including an allowance for re-tests. After the test. which affect the properties of the pressure containing parts shall be subjected to a further test after completion of repairs.``. Tanks shall demonstrate no signs of leak or yield and show no pressure drop with the tank isolated from the pressure supply.`.`---
.5 Where individual bend test results do not comply with the specified requirements.EN 12542:2010 (E)
one test plate from
360 m to 1 860 m.`. EN 1321.. Where this limit is exceeded the test pressure shall be reduced accordingly. the tank shall exhibit no sign of permanent distortion..7.`. The type and number of specimens taken from the test plate is specified in Table 4. the reasons for the failure shall be investigated and. which have been repaired subsequent to the pressure test. When it is necessary to weld the test plates separately. If any of the retest results fail to conform.8
9. These requirements apply to each material specification covered by a separate particular material appraisal. but shall be not less than 10 min. 9.
⎯ one test plate from
Where the circumferential joints are welded to a procedure different to the longitudinal/helical joints.. calculations shall be made to ensure the general membrane stress occurring at the actual test pressure does not exceed 95 % of the guaranteed minimum material yield strength ReH...2 Test plates on longitudinal/helical welds shall. However.. The duration of the test shall allow sufficient time for an examination to check for signs of leakage or general plastic yielding of the tank. The weld metal shall be deposited in the test plates continuously with the welding of the corresponding longitudinal seam so that the welding procedure and technique are the same.``````````. 9..
.. but before application of any coating.`.2 and 1.`.. any repairs and the hydraulic pressure test.3
2. The environmental impact of the coating system selected..1
Parent metal thickness. e mm
e ≤ 12 1 1 1 3
e > 12 — — 1 3
e > 12 — — — 3
Face bend test Root bend test Macro examination Impact test: parent material and weld deposit Impact test: heat affected zone Longitudinal weld tensile test Transverse tensile test
NOTE It is permissible to apply non-destructive testing on the test plate prior to cutting the test specimens in order that they are selected from sound areas.``````````. If..
10.1..`.``. The final examination shall be performed following completion of all welding activities. any post weld heat treatment...EN 12542:2010 (E)
Where difficulty is experienced in obtaining an all weld metal test...`. its application and the disposal of residues shall be minimised The environmental impact of the surface treatment at the end of life disposal of the tank shall be taken into account when selecting the system
--`. Table 4 — Number of test specimens Steel group (see Table 1)
1.`-`-`.8. the manufacturer shall ensure that the internal surfaces are examined prior to their final assembly.2
Tanks designed and constructed in accordance with this standard shall be subject to an external and internal examination for compliance with the requirements of the construction drawings. 1.`---
. this may be replaced by a full chemical analysis of the weld metal. due to the size of the openings..1 Environmental considerations
The requirements of EN 14717 shall be applied where appropriate to shot blasting and thermal spraying..
Not required for thicknesses less than 5 mm. an internal examination is not possible upon completion of the tank.
Table 5 gives a relationship between colours and indices which shall be used to determine design conditions in conjunction with Annex A..
--`..3 Underground tanks
Tanks shall be protected so as to prevent external corrosion arising from: ⎯ ⎯ atmospheric exposure and handling during transport and storage.`.2.`... ivory..`---
Details of the actual system used.`-`-`.`. Only colours of reflectivity of 1.. installation and burying method. 10.
. aluminium and silver yellow up to degree RAL 1021 2 grey up to degree RAL 7035 green up to degree RAL 6019 3 all other colours except dark blue and black
A method of determining reflectivity indices is described in Annex H..
10. expected life and coating maintenance recommendations shall be included in the operating instructions. and any external fire protection coatings or other coating.2 Reflectivity The external finish shall be in a pale colour and be of a high reflectivity.`... The actual system applied shall take into account: ⎯ ⎯ environmental impact upon soil and groundwater of the protective system chosen.``. burying and throughout the intended service life
by the application of a protective coating or other corrosion protection system. The actual system applied shall take into account: ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ local operating environment.2.. mechanical damage and corrosion from the backfill material and ground water during installation. periods between periodic inspections/maintenance. complying with Annex I. zinc..2 Above ground tanks
10.. Table 5 — Colours and indices Index 1 Colour white.``````````. 2 or 3 shall be permitted.EN 12542:2010 (E)
10.1 General Tanks shall be protected so as to prevent external corrosion arising from atmospheric exposure by the application of a protective coating system.
`.`. i. date of manufacture. installation and its connection to its equipment.`-`-`. removal of any internal debris and complete drying of the tank. maximum and minimum allowable limits of temperature (TS) and pressure (PS).e. As a minimum the nameplate shall have the following information: ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯
NOTE 1 Finishing operations are all operations carried out after the tank has been pressure tested and before shipment/transport.
Details of the system used.. design code..`. protection of all flanges and nozzles against impact and oxidation..`---
name and address or other means of identification of the manufacturer. it could be necessary to include the CE symbol.. minimum use of energy.
NOTE Where applicable.. This type of protection shall take into account any possible over-pressure caused by high ambient temperatures and any possible partial vacuum due to water vapour condensation. expected life and recommendations regarding installation and any repairs required as a result of transport and installation damage....
10.. system monitoring and maintenance shall be included in the operating instructions...`. NOTE 2 Any packaging and protection used during storage/transport of the finished product should be selected to have the minimum environmental impact.. The minimum height for the CE symbol is 5 mm.EN 12542:2010 (E)
soil/backfill characteristics. periods between periodic inspections/maintenance and any protection system monitoring periods.``. The position of the markings shall remain visible when the tank is installed.
Tank details shall be permanently marked on a corrosion resistant nameplate or other appropriate permanently attached non-pressure part. The aim is to protect the tank from impact and pollution during transportation.
The letters shall be at least 4 mm high. use of recyclable or bio-degradable materials.``````````. serial number. protection of inner surface against oxidation from the atmosphere and against any introduction of foreign matter. nominal water capacity in litres. a mark or identification of the notified body and any other information specified by the purchaser.4 Finishing operations
Tanks shall be subjected to the following: ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ complete examination of outer surface and visible parts of the inner surface. type or production-batch number. test pressure (PT) in bars and date of test.
material specifications. radiographs where taken or results of other non destructive tests in accordance with 9.
--`. etc.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Certification shall be produced for each tank or production-batch of tanks.7. welding procedure specifications and welding procedure tests results.1 Records to be obtained by the manufacturer
The manufacturer shall obtain the following documentation: ⎯ ⎯ certificates showing the chemical analysis and details of the mechanical properties of the steels used in the construction of the pressure retaining parts of the tanks. records of any heat treatment applied. indicating compliance with the requirements of this document. records of any weld repairs.2 Documents to be prepared by the manufacturer
The manufacturer shall prepare and supply the following: a) design documents. record of the result of the hydraulic pressure test.2 and 9.
12. including a fully dimensioned drawing.
12..`.. certificates for formed parts in accordance with EN 10204:2004 where required. design calculations.4.``.`..``````````.`..4...`-`-`.`---
. certificate in accordance with Clause 11... and operating instructions.. records of mechanical tests as in 9..`.. up-to-date list of welders and records of their approval tests.. records of visual examination and dimensional checks on formed parts..
1 Design pressure (p)
Design pressure.0 14. the safe filling level will be a function of the appropriate reference temperature for designated climatic areas.2.5 20.2 — Design pressure – Reflectivity index 3 Volume m³ Climatic area I Climatic area II Climatic area III Climatic area IV
Minimum design pressure bar <7 ≥7 23..0 17.0 22.. in accordance with Table A.0 16..`..``.`---
..1.``````````..`.
A.0 19.
--`.1 Above ground tanks
A..1.. is the gauge pressure specified for the appropriate climatic area in accordance with Tables A.5 20.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex A (informative) Design pressure and filling conditions
A.2 Filling conditions
The liquid volume and pressure of LPG in a closed system is a function of temperature.0 19.0 16..3.1 — Design pressure – Reflectivity indices 1 and 2 Volume m³ Climatic area I Climatic area II Climatic area III Climatic area IV
Minimum design pressure bar <7 ≥7 20.1 and A.`-`-`.. Consequently.0 21.`.5 17.0 19.. p.0
Table A. Table A.0
Tanks intended for use in more than one climatic area should be designed for the highest appropriate design pressure.0 18.`..5 17.
`.`.2.1)
is the relative density at the lowest likely temperature of filling... is the maximum permitted volume.1. is the relative density at the filling reference temperature.3 — Filling reference temperatures.4.
.``.`---
(A.. is the internal volume of the tank as calculated from the stated water capacity.`..``````````..EN 12542:2010 (E)
Table A.3 Calculation of maximum fill
The maximum fill allowed in a tank is calculated from the following formula:
U max = 0. p...1 Design pressure
The design pressure.`-`-`.4 — Design pressure Climatic area I Climatic area II Climatic area III Climatic area IV
Minimum design pressure bar 17 16 14 12
Tanks which are intended to be capable of operating in more than one climatic area should be designed for the highest appropriate design pressure. Table A.97
where gt gi V Umax
gi ×V gt
--`...`..
A.. is the gauge pressure specified for the appropriate climatic area in accordance with Table A.2 Underground tanks
A. in degrees Celsius Climatic area I 50 Climatic area II 48 Climatic area III 45 Climatic area IV 38
the ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum and the mean diameter.1a)).5 % of the specified external diameter with a maximum (in millimetres) of:
(D + 1 250)
(B.5 % of the gauge length (checked by a 20° gauge) where the length of the irregularities along the length of the cylinder does not exceed the lesser of one quarter of the length of the shell strake between two circumferential seams. or 1.2 Out of roundness
Out of roundness. as defined by:
2(Dmax − Dmin ) [Dmax + Dmin ]
(B.`..5 % from the specified external diameter....
B. a greater out of roundness may be permitted if it can be justified by calculation or strain gauge measurement.. see Figure F.``... O.2)
These tolerances shall apply to the cylindrical shell.`.``````````.0 m.`.`-`-`.5 % of the total cylindrical length of the tank..
--`.1 Mean external diameter
For the cylindrical shell the mean external diameter derived from the circumference shall not deviate by more than 1.`.
NOTE 1 the tank.`---
Single dents or knuckles shall be smooth and their depth.4 Irregularities in circular profile
Irregularities in circular profile shall not exceed the following:
2 % of the gauge length (checked by a 20° gauge.. which is the deviation from the surface of the shell...
B.3 Deviation from the straight line
The deviation from the straight line shall not be more than 0.1)
shall not exceed 1.. The determination of the out of roundness need not consider the elastic deformation due to the dead-weight of
NOTE 2 At nozzle positions. shall not exceed 1 % of their length or 2 % of their width respectively.
NOTE 3 Greater dents and knuckles are permissible provided they have been proven acceptable by calculation or strain gauge measurements.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex B (normative) Tolerances on tanks
B. including the straight flange length on the dished ends.
5 Thickness tolerance
The thickness of each part of the tank after forming shall not be less than the thickness determined in Annex E..`.``..`. Other types of gauges such as bridge gauges or needle gauges are also acceptable.1 — Example of a dished end
--`. proof by calculation or strain gauge measurement shall be required to show that the stresses are permissible. If irregularity in the profile occurs at the welded seam and is associated with "flats" adjacent to the weld.6 Profile
The dished ends shall be within the tolerances specified in Table B.
NOTE A suitable conservative method of measurement (covering peaking and ovality) is described in informative Annex F.. where e is the wall thickness..
Key R r H h e D c crown radius knuckle radius dish height straight flange wall thickness external diameter circumference (πD) 2( Dmax − Dmin ) out of roundness ( Dmax + Dmin )
αi deviation of the straight flange from cylindrical shape í inner side αo deviation of the straight flange from cylindrical shape í outer side
B.`.1)....EN 12542:2010 (E)
If either of the above is exceeded. The crown radius shall not be greater than the value specified in the design and the knuckle radius shall not be less than the value specified in the design.1.
B. the irregularity in profile or "peaking" shall not exceed e/3 (see Figure F....`---
.`...``````````.1 for the elements shown in Figure B.`-`-`.
B. lugs.5 mm  2°  5° In the case of ends where the outer side angle is influenced by the forming operation. whichever is the greater e  10 mm e > 10 mm .`.. reinforcing plates..
for circumferential joints the surfaces of adjacent plates shall be in alignment with the following tolerance: 10 % of the thinner part plus 1 mm.7 Surface alignment
The root faces of the weld preparations shall be aligned within the tolerances permitted by the welding procedure specification..
-0 H + 0.
..0.`---
for longitudinal joints in the cylindrical shells the surfaces of adjacent plates shall be aligned to the following tolerances: 1) 2) for plate thickness e up to and including 10 mm: 1 mm.015 D or + 10 mm. flange. brackets. This machined length shall not extend beyond the toes or edges of the attachment welds. Notes
Special manufacturing conditions may require smaller tolerances.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Table B. To achieve this gap it is permissible to machine over a sufficient length of the outside diameter of the tank or nozzle to accommodate the attachment to which it is to be welded. and shall not reduce the nozzle wall thickness to a value less than the design thickness..0. reinforcing ring or backing ring shall not exceed 1. the maximum gap between the outside of any nozzle and the inside edge of the hole in the shell.. The actual wall thickness shall not fall below that specified beyond the limit deviation given.1 — Dished end tolerances Elements D  1 000 mm D > 1 000 mm O Tolerance of the element ± 0.`. The components shall be aligned as indicated on the construction drawings..`. as follows: a)
--`..3 mm .4 % ± 0.`. Except where specific dimensions are shown on the fully dimensioned drawing.8 Attachments. The limit deviation shall not fall below zero. for plate thickness e above 10 mm: 10 % of thickness..``. nozzles and fittings
All pads.``````````.
B. supports and other attachments shall fit closely to the shell and the gap at all exposed edges to be welded shall not exceed 2 mm.5 mm for openings less than or equal to 300 mm diameter and 3 mm for openings greater than 300 mm... the deviation of the straight flange from the cylindrical shape shall be measured only on the inner side of the end.3 % 1% Special manufacturing conditions may require smaller tolerances.`-`-`..
On completion of the hydraulic test.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex C (normative) Hydraulic pressure test
Consideration shall be given to re-use of the pressurising agent. any residual water shall be removed by appropriate means.. The test pressure of the tank shall give a reading on the gauge between 50 % and 90 % of full scale deflection.1 Temporary fittings
All temporary pipes and connections and blanking devices shall be designed to withstand the standard test pressure.
NOTE To avoid the risk of freezing.. the temperature of the water during the test should be not less than 7 °C.4 Avoidance of shocks
No tank undergoing pressure testing shall be subjected to any form of impact or pulsation loading
C. Adequate venting shall be provided to ensure that the vacuum rating of the tank is not exceeded. The required test pressure shall be maintained for not less than 10 min. The gauge shall have an accuracy equal to or better than 1... Alternative methods of pressure measurement may be used provided they achieve equivalent levels of accuracy.`-`-`...``````````.6 % of the reading.1) is reached. release of pressure shall be gradual and from the top of the tank. When the agent needs to be disposed of.`. Jointing materials for flanged joints shall be of the same type as those to be used in service.8.`..`. Care shall be taken to ensure the tank is positioned such that entrapped air is vented.`.. After draining.
.3 Pressurising agent
Water shall normally be used as the pressurising agent..``. it shall be properly treated to minimise any environmental impact.5 Test procedure
The pressure in the tank shall be gradually and regularly increased until the test pressure (see 9.2 Pressure gauges
Pressure gauges shall be selected in accordance with EN 837-2..
) Grind smooth. Isolated.`.``````````...1 — Imperfection levels for visual inspection Imperfection EN ISO 65201:2007 reference 602 Acceptance limit for detectable imperfection
Spatter shall be removed from all pressure parts and from both load carrying attachment weld.`---
Arc Strike Spatter Tungsten spatter Torn surface Grinding mark Chipping mark Under flushing
601 602 6021 603 604 605 606
Not permitted. See B.
--`.7.)
Occasional local protrusion exceeding h (see EN ISO 6520-1:2007.`... reference 504) is permitted with a maximum that shall be related to the operating conditions.3.``..`.1 and D. any local under flushing shall be related to the design characteristics (calculated thickness = minimum thickness for base material).. Table D.`-`-`..EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex D (normative) Imperfections
Tables D. accept subject to thickness and crack detection test in accordance with 9.1. nonsystematic spatter may however be permitted on components made from steels in Group 1. (Refer to Table 1..2 specify the acceptance criteria for imperfections in welded joints which are additional to the standards specified at 9..6..`. Table 1. (Thickness shall be measured by ultrasonic method in case of doubt.
Irregular surface Linear misalignment (surface)
514 513 507
. Reinforcement to be of continuous and regular shape with complete filling of groove...
0.`.``. and w = 2 mm..3t but not greater than 4 mm. not parallel to weld axis) Lack of fusion and penetration
NOTE a b d h
3012 3013 3022 3023 400
Individual length.2 — Imperfection levels for radiography/radioscopy Imperfection EN ISO 65201:2007 reference 2012 Acceptance limit for detectable imperfection
.3t. single porosity d = 0. .`---
. Not permitted when occurring at a weld stop or restart. w = 0.
--`... a) Max.3t. whichever is the greatest of the two following areas: 1) area 1) an envelope surrounding all the pores..`.``````````.`.3t but not greater than 4 mm. b) Not permitted if the total projected surface porosity exceeds 4 % of the considered projected surface of the weld..
Slag and flux inclusions and oxide inclusions (Parallel to the weld axis) Slag and flux inclusions (random. maximum 3 mm..`-`-`.3t.Not permitted if the total projected surface porosity exceeds 2 % of the considered projected surface of a weld. maximum 4 mm.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Table D... single porosity d = 0.
Not permitted if a full penetration weld is required. the total length shall be considered a defect.. maximum ...`.Max. In case of several linear slag inclusions with a distance between two of them less than twice the longest of them.
l t w length of imperfection wall or plate thickness width of imperfection
normal fillet weld throat thickness width of weld reinforcement diameter of pore height of imperfections
Area is the maximum length of weld affected multiplied by the local width of weld.
Localised (clustered) porosity
l = 0.. 2) area 2) a circle with a diameter corresponding to the weld width.
`-`-`...2 to E.2.001Di. e ≥ 0.85 as appropriate).1 General
Tanks shall be designed using the formulae given in E. is the weld joint coefficient (1. e ≤ 0. m » ¬ 1.
pDo 2 fz + p
(E....06Di. R ≤ Do.`..`---
E.2.08Di.2.``.`.3 Torispherical end calculation
The following rules only apply to ends for which: r ≥ 0.4 ¼
E.5..EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex E (normative) Design formulae for tanks
--`.2 Cylindrical shell calculation
The minimum thickness emin = where Do p z f is the outside diameter of shell.
R º ªR Nominal design stress.
E.2 Design formulae
E.5 2. is the design pressure.``````````.1 Allowable stresses
ReH guaranteed minimum upper yield strength specified in the material standard. r ≥ 3e....`.
NOTE The resulting thickness is a minimum thickness and does not take into account the provision of any corrosion allowance..2. f = min « eH . is the nominal design stress. Rm guaranteed minimum tensile strength specified in the material standard.2.0 or 0..`.
--`.``....0 for one piece ends. is the minimum thickness of knuckle to avoid axisymmetric yielding.825 º » eb = [0.`.5 p
(E.4 Ellipsoidal end calculation
An ellipsoidal end is defined as one made in such a way as to produce a truly semi-ellipsoidal shape without distinct spherical and knuckle radii.5 for all materials..
(E. ey and eb...2 Di × e . is the minimum thickness of end to limit membrane stress in central part.. is the minimum thickness of knuckle to avoid buckling. Any straight cylindrical flange shall meet the requirements of E. unless its length is no greater than 0. in which case it may be the same thickness as the knuckle.2 for a cylinder.2.2. p z f fb is the design pressure.. is the inside diameter of the end. where: es =
pR 2 fz − 0....75 R + 0.`.``````````. e es ey eb Di R r is the required thickness of the end.2.`-`-`. is the inside radius of curvature of central part of the torispherical end.2 Di ] « ¨ i¸ «111 f b © r ¹ » ¬ ¼
( 115 ) .
E.`..
.6).1 or by calculation (see E.2)
βp 0.75 R + 0.`.EN 12542:2010 (E)
The minimum thickness e is the greatest of es. is the weld joint coefficient. is the inside radius of the knuckle.`---
It is permissible to reduce the thickness of the spherical part of the end to the value es over a circular area that shall not come closer to the knuckle than the distance R × e . is the factor determined from Figure E.3)
ª p § D · 0. = 1.4)
where fb = ReH /1.2 Di
(E. Do is the outside diameter of the shell. is the design stress for buckling calculation. is the nominal design stress.
2.``.02]Di
where K = Di/2hi hi is the shape factor for ellipsoidal ends.3.5 º − 0.44 K + 0.. These rules apply only to ends for which 1.08» Di r =« K ¬ ¼ R = [0.2.. Ellipsoidal ends shall be designed as nominally equivalent torispherical ends with:
ª 0.1 — Parameter
for torispherical end – Design
(E..7 < K < 2.5) (E..`.6)
Figure E.`...`-`-`. is the inside height of the ellipsoidal end....5 p
pR 2 fz − 0.``````````.`..2 and z = 1.`.5 Hemispherical ends
The required thickness of a hemispherical end is given by:
--`.EN 12542:2010 (E)
The design method converts these ends to equivalent torispheres which are calculated in accordance with E.
`.``````````.1}
(E. A computer procedure is recommended.006 − 4» 6.2.3.13)
For 0.14)
(X – 0.8) (E.7) (E.06)
0.06 < X < 0..2 = 10{(0.9)
ª º 1 N = «1.95: 0.1 = 25{(0.`. is the design pressure. 0.
E.. = 1..16.0 for one piece ends.1 +
(X – 0..2 =
0.183 3Z + 1.1 – X)
0.04] Z = log (1/Y) X = r/Di (E.11)
For X = 0. is the weld joint coefficient. The thickness of the cylinder to which the end attaches shall be kept at or above the minimum determined by E. given above.1 General
The design method specified in this subclause is limited to the compensation of openings which comply with the geometric limitations specified.
E.``.2 – X) For 0..038 3Z .`---
.363 5Z + 2...2 + (90Y ) » « ¬ ¼
For X = 0.15)
The equations for .293 7Z + 1.3 Nozzle reinforcement
E.`-`-`.1
0.EN 12542:2010 (E)
where R p z f is the inside radius of the end.2
0.1 < X < 0.12)
For X = 0.94Y – 82.2. is the nominal design stress.
This method is valid for e/Do ≤ 0.`.212 4Z – 3..06 + 0.837)N
(E.6 Equations for calculating
Y = min [e/R .5}
(E.5Y ) 0. lead to an iterative calculation..1.10)
max {(0.06
0.2 for the cylinder up to the tangent line.1 =
(− 0...56 – 1.2}
(E..`.
--`.887 3)N
(E.294 3Z + 0.06 =
(− 0.
for hemispherical and torispherical ends rim = rih . pads.. measured from the outside of the branches.``````````. is the actual thickness of the main body (shell or end) less any thinning allowance.`---
E.2 Size of openings
Size of openings shall be limited as follows: a) cylindrical shells. where the assumptions and conditions specified in E.`-`-`.. is the inside radius of the main body (shell or end).3.6 2rim
is the inside diameter of opening or branch..3. is the inside height of an ellipsoidal end. is the length of the main body considered as effective compensation measured along the wall centreline from the edge of the opening or outside of the branch.2.3..`.. or spherical portion of the torispherical end.
di ≤1.9 are satisfied.. or compensation plates shall be not less than 2 lm. is the inside radius of main body (shell or end).
E. is the inside radius of the hemispherical end..22Di º for ellipsoidal ends rim = Di « + 0.
In all cases the ratio of branch thickness to main body thickness eb/em shall comply with the limits of Figure E.3..EN 12542:2010 (E)
The design method specified in this subclause only applies to cylindrical shells and ends having circular or elliptical openings..
di ≤ 0. is the inside diameter of shell or straight flange of dished end.`.3 Distance between openings or branches
The distance between openings or branches.``..
--`.`...
.2 and E. where:
l m = (2rim + em )em where for shells
rim = Do 2 − em . 2rim
ends.02» hi ¬ ¼ where Do Di em hi lm rim rih is the outside diameter of shell or dished end.`. and ª 0.
(E.2.. For elliptical openings in cylindrical shells the axis along the length of the shell shall be taken as the diameter for design purposes.2.3. or by set-on or set-in welded branches as shown in Figure E.6 times the outside diameter of the end.. by set-on welded compensating plates as shown in Figure E..2.
E.3a).3).11 Reinforcement í General
All openings shall satisfy the following general relationship:
p ª Ap + 0.3.
E.. the effective width of such plates shall be calculated using only the main shell thickness.5 for hemispherical ends..``. The reinforcement area of the main body with openings cannot be calculated directly. but shall be assumed in the first instance.4 Openings and branches
Openings and branches and their reinforcements in dished ends shall be located entirely within the spherical portion of the torisphere or for elliptical ends within a circle with a diameter of 0..
E. the ratio between the major and the minor axis shall not exceed 1:4. fillet welded only. from E.3.``````````. However. may be considered as reinforcement where they are in accordance with Figure E. That assumption may be verified by means of the method described in E.`.. and leads to relationships between pressure loaded area Ap and stress loaded cross sectional area Af (see Figure E. The applied method is based on calculated thickness for pressure derived from E.
E.5 Cylindrical shells and ends with openings
Cylindrical shells and ends with openings shall be reinforced where necessary.3.3.6 Shell reinforcement
The reinforcement of the main body can be obtained by the following measures:
by set-in welded pads. The calculation may need to be repeated using a corrected assumption of the reinforcement area.14.2 for cylindrical shells.3.3b).`.3.3.7 times the tank wall thickness..9 Welded branches
Set on or set in welded branches.EN 12542:2010 (E)
E.6 to E. not the combined thickness..3. see Figure E.`-`-`.19)
...3 for dished ends and E.3c). sufficient reinforcement shall be provided in all planes through the axis of the opening branch. Each fillet shall have a throat thickness not less than 0..`.5( Afm + Afb + Afp )º ≤ fAfm + fp Afp + fb Afb « » ¬ ¼
--`.7 Extent of reinforcement
Where necessary.8 Elliptical openings
In the case of elliptical openings.3.
E.10 Compensating plates
Reinforcement of openings by compensating plates is not limited by size.`.
--`..EN 12542:2010 (E)
where p Ap Afb Afm Afp f fb fp is the design pressure. whichever is the least.3.`. is the cross sectional area of compensation in main body (shell or end). is the actual thickness of main body (shell or end). is the nominal design stress of the main body (shell or end)..`---
The width of the pads lp considered as contributing to the reinforcement shall not exceed lm. and Afp.`. is the pressure loaded area..3. lp ≤ lm where lm is the length of main body considered as effective compensation measured along the wall centreline from the edge of the opening or outside of the branch. if necessary..3. and
lb = (d ob − eb )eb
(E.``. for the shell (see E. is the nominal design stress of the pad or reinforcing plate or f.. is the thickness of pad or reinforcing plate.14 Branch connections normal to the tank wall
For branch connections normal to the tank wall the areas Ap.
E. Afb. is the nominal design stress of the branch or f. where lp is the maximum length of pad or reinforcing plate considered to be effective as compensation. Afm. whichever is the lesser..`.``````````. less any thinning allowance. measured along the pad or plate centreline from the edge of the opening or outside of the branch. is the cross sectional area of compensation in pad..`.3 shall be used..3c) where the lengths contributing to the reinforcement shall be not more than lm...20)
.`-`-`.3).12 Reinforcement by pads
Only pads of the set-in welded type in accordance with Figure E. shall be determined in accordance with Figure E. This requirement is independent of any reinforcement provided by fitting compensating plates.13 Reinforcement by branches
The wall thickness of branches (nozzles) shall.
The value of ep used in the determination of Afp shall not exceed twice em.
E.. is the cross sectional area of compensation in branch.. be in excess of the thickness calculated to withstand internal pressure for a length lb measured from the exterior wall of the main body.
The maximum value to be used in the calculation of the part extending inside......21)
The dimensions of the compensating plate to be used in the calculation shall be:
--`. in the case of set-through branches (see Figure E.`-`-`.`.EN 12542:2010 (E)
where lb dob eb is the external length of branch considered as effective compensation measured from the outside of the main body.3c)) shall be: lbi = 0. is the outside diameter of branch.. measured from the inside surface of the main body.2 — Maximum branch to body thickness ratio
. (E.5 lb where lbi is the internal length of the branch considered as effective compensation.`..`.``.`---
ep  em and lp  lm
Figure E. is the actual thickness of the branch less any thinning allowance.``````````. if any....
`.`-`-`...`---
.`.`.........`.``..``````````.EN 12542:2010 (E)
d · Di § ¨ lm + o ¸ 2 © 2 ¹
Afm = em l m
Afp = ep l p
d · rim § ¨ lm + o ¸ 2 © 2 ¹
a) Reinforcement by pads Figure E..3 — Design of openings í Cylindrical shells with isolated openings
`-`-`.`.....3 — Design of openings í Cylindrical shells with isolated openings (continued)
..`..``..`.`---
b) Reinforcement by compensating plates Figure E...`...EN 12542:2010 (E)
di A fp A fm
Ap = Di § d · ¨ lm + i ¸ 2 © 2¹
Ap = rim § d · ¨ lm + i ¸ 2 © 2¹
--`.``````````..
.`..`..``````````.``.3 — Design of openings í Cylindrical shells with isolated openings (concluded)
Afb = eb l b (set on)
d § ¨ lm + o ¨ 2 ©
· di ¸+ ¸ 2 (l b + em ) ¹
Afm = em l m Afb = eb (l b + em + l bi )
c) Reinforcement by branches
Figure E....`.`-`-`.`..EN 12542:2010 (E)
d § ¨lm + o ¨ 2 ©
· di ¸+ ¸ 2 (l b + e m ) ¹
Afm = em l m (set in) Afm = em (l m + eb ) (set on) Afb = eb (l b + em ) (set in)
--`......
..1c)).``.1c) then this method may overestimate the peaking and in this case a plaster cast should be made to verify the amount of peaking.2. the maximum peaking P should be determined by accurate measurement of P1 and P2 (see Figures F. Also note that points A and D should be clear of any flats.``````````. where Do is the external diameter of the tank. Details of the gauge are given in Figure F... it is required that the minimum arc length of the gauge should be sufficient to clear the flats. It may be beneficial to make a taper gauge as shown in Figure F.175Do (20° of arc).. Because of this.`.. Approximate dimensions of the flats should be measured at the point of maximum peaking and recorded.2 Peaking survey
The approximate zone of the maximum peaking should be determined by taking readings at intervals of approximately 250 mm along the longitudinal welds using the profile gauge. when the gauge touches point D it should be as near as possible to point C. For Figure F. When this has been found.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex F (informative) Measurement of shell peaking
F. for some tanks the calculated arc length may not extend beyond the flats.`.`.. This diameter should be checked by measurement of the actual tank. However.
--`. Care should be taken to ensure that the gauge makes contact with the shell at points indicated in the note to Figure F. for checking P1 and P2.1.`. The recommended width of the weld cut is 28 mm but this can require to be increased to ensure that the cut out is clear of the weld (see Figure F..`---
.1b) the gauge should touch the shell at point A and as near to point B as possible.1a). If there is a significant high spot between points A and B or between points D and C in Figure F..1b) and F... Likewise.1a)).1 Profile gauge
To enable peaking to be measured a profile gauge should be made for each size of tank to be examined.`-`-`. The minimum inner arc length should be 0.
.....`. main peaking P =
P1 + P2 4
Figure F..`.``````````.....EN 12542:2010 (E)
20° gauge details Measurement of outside peaking Measurement of inward peaking
In b) and c).``.`.`.1 — Measurement of shell peaking
--`.`-`-`.
`...``...`..``````````.`..2 — Taper gauge
--`...EN 12542:2010 (E)
Figure F.`-`-`.`.`---
3 mm ..5 e e1
_ > 1. ≥ e..5 mm
Figure G.5e) apply to weld preparation only..1 — V-butt weld
_ >e _ < 2..5 mm .
NOTE 2 The finished weld should have a smooth profile and should completely fill the grooves to the full thickness of the plates being joined.
1.. provided the thickness remaining as backing material is not less than 75 % of the original thickness.e.``````````. ≤ 2.5.2 — Joggle joint
--`..`-`-
.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex G (informative) Examples of joints
Examples of weld joints are shown in Figures G.``..5 e
Bevel optional Inside diameter As desired Depth of offset = e1 Avoid sharp break
The dimension limits (i.1 to G.5.
Figure G. This can be achieved by machining the spigot of the offset section.. See 7.`.3. The offset section that forms the weld backing should be a close fit within the mating section round its entire circumference..
L = e/3 minimum but not less than 6 mm...`-`-`..``.`.`.`...3 — Nozzle joints: set-on
Figure G....`.``````````.`---
.`....``````````.4 — Nozzle joints: set-in
--`..`-`-`..`.....EN 12542:2010 (E)
F= 0..`---
.`..7e e
Figure G.``.`.
`...`..5 — Nozzle joints: integral backing
--`...`-`-`.``````````.`---
..EN 12542:2010 (E)
Figure G.`...`.``.....
At an outside shade reference temperature of 32 °C the instrument is placed in direct sunlight for 60 min.``.``````````..
Table H.`..1. The mass on the thermometer is allowed to dry.`.1 — Relationship between measured temperature and reflectivity index Measured temperature °C Index Examples of colour
up to 44 up to 47
White.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex H (informative) Method of determining reflectivity indices (above ground tanks)
H.1 Method
A thermometer (or other temperature measuring instrument) is put into the pigmentation of lustreless colour mass. ivory.... zinc..`---
.`.. aluminium and silver Yellow up to degree RAL 1021 Grey up to degree RAL 7035 Green up to degree RAL 6019
All other colours except dark blue and black Dark blue and Black
--`.`. The relationship between measured temperature and reflectivity index is given in Table H......`-`-`.
. resistance to micro organisms likely to be present in the surrounding soil material..`. or systems for which the corrosion control can be monitored periodically after the installation underground. resistance to chemicals likely to be present in the surrounding soil material.`. and shall be designed by a competent person. by testing and by experience. and resistance to abrasion and impact. resistance to ground water.3 Monitored protection systems
I.3..EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex I (normative) External protection of underground tanks
I..1 General
Protection systems shall be either:
systems which cannot be monitored after installation..2 and the following:
--`. The cathodic protection system shall comply with the requirements of EN 13636.
I. These systems permit a tank to remain in service unless the results of the monitoring of the performance of the corrosion protection system become unsatisfactory..1 Systems incorporating cathodic protection
This system consists of an appropriate passive protective coating supplemented by a cathodic protection system by sacrificial anodes or impressed current... These systems ensure an efficient protection for a limited period of time related to the periodicity of maintenance operations or to the estimated burying period.... The coating shall be tested in accordance with I. Testing and experience shall cover the following:
adhesion of the coating to the tank.``.2 Unmonitored protection systems
These systems consist of a passive protective coating which has demonstrated its ability to protect the steel for a specified period of time.`. ageing.``````````.`.`-`-`.
Corrective measures may have to be taken when the result of the monitoring indicates a breakdown of the system..`---
insulating it from the surrounding soil. shall be compatible with the control fluid.
The tank coating.`.``.`... resistance to cathodic disbonding effect.3.`.3. that corrosive conditions do not exist.2 Systems incorporating a protective envelope
These systems consist of an external protective envelope around the tank.
.``````````..`---
I.3 Other systems
Other external protection systems can be used provided they ensure equivalent protection and checking facilities as those described in I.... by physical or chemical measurements. The system shall:
allow periodic inspections of the tank in order to check for the absence of corrosion using direct or remote visual examination. The external protective envelope shall be resistant to abrasion and impact.3... The external protective envelope shall be sufficiently tight and corrosion resistant to prevent any risk of leakage of the control fluid and the ingress of soil materials and/or water.
--`.1 and/or I.3.2.`-`-`. and/or be filled with a "control fluid" (liquid or gaseous) allowing demonstration. if any...`..
I.EN 12542:2010 (E)
resistance to alkaline pH..
4 NOTE 2 Y 5.1.`---
....4 NOTE 2 Y 10.``.2 Discharges to water 2.1 Y 10..3 Y 7.1 10.1 NOTE
--`..1 Y 10.1 Y 10.1 NOTE
Outputs 2.`. 10.3 Energy
Y 4. 10.1
Y 7.3 Discharges to soil
Y 10.4 Waste
Y 7.EN 12542:2010 (E)
Annex J (informative) Environmental check list
Environme ntal Aspect
Stages of the life cycle Acquisition Raw materials and energy a b Premanufacture d materials and components c Production Production d Pack-aging e Use Use f Maintenance and repair Use of additional products g End-of-Life Deposition
Reuse / Material and Energy Recovery h
Incineration without energy recovery i j
Inputs 1..1 NOTE Y 5.1 Emissions to air Y 7.`-`-`.1 Materials Y 4.2.6.1 NOTE Y Y 5.3 Y 10..2 Y Y Y Y Y 10.3.`.1 Y 10.3 I..1 NOTE
1..2 NOTE
1.1 Y 10. 10.2.``````````.1 Y 7.1 Y 4.`.1
Y 4...9.3
1.1 Y 5.2 Water
Y C.2.`.4 Land
Y 5.4 NOTE 2
Y 5..3 Y 10.2 Y 10.1 7.1 NOTE
2.1 NOTE Y Y 7.2 7.8
Y 10.2
.`-`-`.``````````. radiation.`. heat losses Other relevant aspects 3... vibration.`---
.`..2 Customer information NOTE
Y 12..1 Risk to the environment from accidents or unintended use 3..``.2
Y 5..EN 12542:2010 (E)
2. the product has an impact but it is outside the scope of this standard...`..1 NOTE
Y 12.5 Noise.
--`..2
Where a "Y" is indicated with no clause reference..`.
7.3 9.1 3.2 4. 2.1.8 7.8.EN 12542:2010 (E)
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State.3 2.1 3.8. Annex I Qualifying remarks/Notes
Clause(s)/subclause(s) of EN 12542
Annex A.5.2 3. compliance with the clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.6.2.1 confers. 12.3.5 7.
Table ZA.1.2.1.2.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 97/23/EC Essential Requirements (ERs) of Directive 97/23/EC.
. Annex C 11 12. within the limits of the scope of this standard.2 9.1.1.4 3.6 3. 7.7.1.5 3.6.7.3 7. 10.6. Annex E 5.1 5. Table 2 9.4 7.2 3.4 4.7 9.1.5.1 E. 7.2.2.5 4.3 3.1 4. Annex I 7 7.2. 7.6.1 7.1. 7.3 3. a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.2
2.2.2 7. 10.5
Design for adequate strength Corrosion or other chemical attack Manufacturing procedures Preparation of component parts Permanent joining Non-destructive tests Heat treatment Traceability Final inspection Proof test Marking and labelling Documentation Material certification Allowable stresses Joint coefficients Hydrostatic test pressure Material characteristics
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.1.1 3. 5.8.
Steel forgings for pressure purposes — Part 2: Ferritic and martensitic steels with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10216-2....`...`---
.``````````.`.`. LPG tanks Disposal Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system
ISO/TR 15608:2000. Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions EN 10273.`-`-`.. Magnus Holmgren et al published by Swedish National Testing and Research Institute Directive 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment
--`.. Welding
Measurement Uncertainty Leaflet (SP INFO 2000 27 uncertainty... Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels EN 10222-2..`.pdf). Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10217 (all parts). Hot rolled weldable steel bars for pressure purposes with specified elevated temperature properties EN 13109...EN 12542:2010 (E)
EN 1011-2.``.
..--`...``.``````````.`....`.`....`.`-`-`..
..`...``````````.`---
Riproduzione vietata .UNI Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Via Sannio..
.``.`-`-`. Italia
--`... 2 20137 Milano.Legge 22 aprile 1941 Nº 633 e successivi aggiornamenti..`..`..`...
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