Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP2012083136A/en
Timestamp: 2020-02-17 13:16:21
Document Index: 652712048

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 32', 'art 33', 'art 34', 'art 35', 'art 36', 'art 100']

JP2012083136A - Bias error estimation apparatus, bias error estimation method and position estimation apparatus - Google Patents
Bias error estimation apparatus, bias error estimation method and position estimation apparatus Download PDF
JP2012083136A
JP2012083136A JP2010227708A JP2010227708A JP2012083136A JP 2012083136 A JP2012083136 A JP 2012083136A JP 2010227708 A JP2010227708 A JP 2010227708A JP 2010227708 A JP2010227708 A JP 2010227708A JP 2012083136 A JP2012083136 A JP 2012083136A
JP2010227708A
翔 磯部
2010-10-07 Application filed by Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd, 沖電気工業株式会社 filed Critical Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd
2010-10-07 Priority to JP2010227708A priority Critical patent/JP2012083136A/en
2012-04-26 Publication of JP2012083136A publication Critical patent/JP2012083136A/en
A bias amount, which is a deviation in the positive direction of a peak value of an observation error distribution included in an observation distance, is estimated using a plurality of observation distances.
A bias error estimation device calculates a reference position based on a plurality of observation distances which are distances between a plurality of base stations 20a, 20b, 20c whose positions are known and a mobile station 10 whose position is unknown. , The measurement error calculation unit 32 that repeats the process of calculating a plurality of differences between the distances from the reference position to the plurality of base stations and the plurality of observation distances as observation errors until a predetermined number of times is exceeded, and the observation error calculation unit repeatedly A bias estimation unit for estimating a bias amount that is a deviation from an observation error of a unimodal mountain peak on the observation error distribution based on a plurality of observation errors obtained as a result of the processing;
The present invention relates to a bias error estimation device, a bias error estimation method, and a position estimation device.
Conventionally, a system for transmitting and receiving radio signals between a plurality of base stations and a mobile station and estimating the position of the mobile station has been proposed. For example, as a result of wireless communication between a plurality of base stations and a mobile station, a mobile station based on the transmission time of a radio signal transmitted from any station or the reception time of a radio signal received by any station A system has been proposed for estimating the position of.
As a representative example of the position estimation method using a radio signal, Patent Document 1 discloses a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) method that mainly estimates the position of a mobile station using the reception strength of a radio signal. Yes. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a TOA (Time Of Arrival) method for estimating the position of a mobile station using a signal propagation time.
In the RSSI system, the distance between devices is estimated from the reception intensity of a radio signal, and the position of the mobile station is estimated by triangulation based on the estimated distance between devices. This method has a feature that it is difficult to estimate the distance with high accuracy, but is easy to be mounted on various devices because it does not require strict and highly accurate time management.
In the TOA method, the distance between devices is measured from the propagation time (arrival time) of the radio signal, and the position of the mobile station is estimated by triangulation based on the measured distance between devices. For example, if the propagation time of a signal when a radio signal is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station is t and the propagation speed of the signal is c, the distance l between the base station and the mobile station is l = c × t It is calculated based on the following formula. Note that the transmission signal includes one having a reverse communication direction and two-way communication.
Consider a case where radio waves are used as a medium as an example of a radio signal. In general, since the propagation speed of radio waves in the air is constant (approximately 300,000 km / sec), it is easy to achieve stable position accuracy if the timepiece accuracy is sufficiently high. For example, when all clocks of the mobile station and the base station are synchronized, the propagation time t can be measured by one communication. There is another method to calculate the distance without synchronization, but in that case, it is necessary to detect the radio wave transmitted from the mobile station that arrives at the base station and further returns from the base station to the mobile station. , The processing load increases.
For example, in the TWR (Two Way Ranging) method, which is a ranging method used in the TOA method, the mobile station sends a signal to the base station, and the base station that receives the signal immediately sends a reply to the mobile station, The mobile station takes one way by subtracting the processing time required for loopback at the base station and dividing by 2 based on the round-trip propagation time from when the station sends the signal to when it receives the signal from the base station. Calculate the propagation time. However, the TWR system requires a highly accurate internal clock in order to measure the signal propagation time. For example, when radio waves are used, a distance error of about 30 cm occurs with a time error of about 1 ns.
JP 2009-85780 A JP 2001-275148 A
A common problem of the position estimation method using these radio signals is noise (observation error) included in the observed value. The main noise factors include base station transmission / reception timing measurement and sampling interval, random error values due to clock accuracy, and radio waves out of line of sight (NLOS: None Line of Light). Propagation by the propagation path in the wireless device up to the part that gives the reception time by detecting the signal received from the antenna (microphone etc. in the case of sound waves) Time is considered.
"" Low complexity TOA location estimation algorithm suitable for NLOS environment "IEICE Technical Report, USN, Ubiquitous Sensor Network 107 (152), 69-74, 2007-07-12" In a positioning system that measures the distance between base stations using the TOA method, the distribution of observation errors when there is a line of sight between the mobile station and the base station occurs according to the standard normal distribution, and between the mobile station and the base station. It is described that the distribution of the observation error when there is no line of sight occurs according to a uniform distribution with the maximum value of the reflection path that can be taken from 0 as an upper limit in addition to the standard normal distribution.
"Research on indoor high-accuracy location estimation algorithm based on TOA data" Symposium 23, 31-34, 2009-11-07 of the Japan Society for Computer Statistics, the distance between the mobile station and the base station is known At multiple points, the distance between stations is measured using a positioning system based on the TOA method, and when the observation error is calculated from the actual distance, the observation error shows a positive bias with a unimodal distribution, and a very large positive It has been disclosed that a distribution with a bottom to the value of is obtained.
From the above, the distribution of observation errors included when the distance between the mobile station and the base station is measured by the TOA method is unimodal and has a tail that extends to a very large value in the positive direction. It was found that the peak value of the mountain shifts in the positive direction (that is, has a bias amount).
As a method for estimating the bias amount, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-53648 uses a value expected to be the correct answer of the bias error (a value expected to be the correct answer of the bias error in the initial state) in the sensor bias error estimating method. In this bias error estimation method, an observation matrix is created from the first observer and the second observer. Further, the error of the observation position is evaluated to obtain the covariance matrix of the observation noise, the estimation matrix is calculated from the observation matrix and the covariance matrix, and the positions of the first sensor and the second sensor and the initial bias error are calculated. An estimation matrix is calculated by setting a value, and a bias error between the first sensor and the second sensor is estimated.
However, in the above estimation method, in order to estimate the bias error, an initial value of the bias error (value expected to be the correct answer of the bias error) is set in advance, and the observed value is calibrated using the initial value of the bias error ( Calibration).
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to estimate, using a plurality of observation distances, a bias amount which is a deviation in the positive direction of the peak value of the observation error distribution among the observation errors included in the observation distance. An object of the present invention is to provide a bias error estimation device, a bias error estimation method, and a position estimation device that can be used.
In order to solve the above problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, a reference position is calculated based on a plurality of observation distances, which are distances between a plurality of base stations whose positions are known and a mobile station whose position is unknown. An observation error calculation unit that repeats a process of calculating a plurality of differences between the distances from the reference position to the plurality of base stations and the plurality of observation distances as an observation error until a predetermined number of times is exceeded, and the observation error calculation unit A bias estimation unit that estimates a bias amount that is a deviation from an observation error 0 of a unimodal mountain peak on the observation error distribution based on a plurality of observation errors obtained as a result of the iterative processing by A bias error estimator is provided.
The observation error is mainly composed of the bias amount, an error amount in a wide part of the observation error distribution, and an error amount in a width direction of a unimodal mountain on the observation error distribution, and the observation error By repeating the calculation process of the observation error by the calculation unit until the predetermined number of times is exceeded, an error amount in a wide part of the observation error distribution included in the estimated bias amount and the observation error distribution are included. The amount of error in the width direction of a unimodal mountain may be reduced.
The bias estimation unit may calculate a median value of a plurality of observation errors calculated by the observation error calculation unit, and estimate the median value as a bias amount.
The distance measurement that measures the plurality of observation distances, which are distances between the plurality of base stations and the mobile station, based on a signal acquired in one direction or bidirectionally between the plurality of base stations and the mobile station. A part may be further provided.
The observation error calculation unit may calculate the reference position using a part or all of the plurality of observation distances based on the plurality of observation distances.
The base station further includes an observation error storage unit that stores the observation error of each base station calculated by the observation error calculation unit for a plurality of times, and the bias estimation unit includes each base for a plurality of times stored in the observation error storage unit. The bias amount may be estimated based on station observation errors.
In order to solve the above problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, a reference is made based on a plurality of observation distances, which are distances between a plurality of base stations whose positions are known and a mobile station whose position is unknown. An observation error calculating step of calculating a position and repeating a process of calculating a plurality of differences between the distance from the reference position to the plurality of base stations and the plurality of observation distances as an observation error until a predetermined number of times is exceeded, and the observation error A bias estimation step for estimating a bias amount that is a deviation from an observation error 0 of a unimodal mountain peak on the observation error distribution based on a plurality of observation errors obtained as a result of the iterative processing in the calculation step; A bias error estimation method is provided.
In order to solve the above problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, a reference is made based on a plurality of observation distances, which are distances between a plurality of base stations whose positions are known and a mobile station whose position is unknown. An observation error calculating unit that calculates a position and repeats a process of calculating a plurality of differences between the distance from the reference position to the plurality of base stations and the plurality of observation distances as an observation error until a predetermined number of times is exceeded, and the observation error A bias estimation unit that estimates a bias amount that is a deviation from the observation error 0 of the peak of the unimodal mountain on the observation error distribution based on a plurality of observation errors obtained as a result of the iterative processing by the calculation unit; An observation distance correction unit that corrects each of the plurality of observation distances based on the bias amount estimated by the bias estimation unit, and an estimated position that estimates the position of the mobile station based on the plurality of corrected observation distances Position estimation device characterized by comprising a detecting section, is provided.
The observation distance correction unit may calculate a difference between the plurality of observation distances and the estimated bias amount as the corrected plurality of observation distances.
In order to solve the above problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, a plurality of observation distances, which are distances between a plurality of base stations whose positions are known and a mobile station whose position is unknown, are calculated. The processing to be repeated until a predetermined number of times is exceeded, based on the average value or median of the plurality of observation distances obtained as a result of repetition, and a plurality of observation distances that are the distances between the plurality of base stations and the mobile station An observation error calculator that calculates a plurality of observation errors based on the calculated reference position;
A bias estimation unit that estimates a bias amount that is a deviation from the observation error 0 of the peak of the unimodal mountain on the observation error distribution based on the calculated plurality of observation errors. A bias error estimator is provided.
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to estimate a bias amount which is a deviation in the positive direction of the peak value of the observation error distribution among the observation errors included in the observation value using a plurality of observation values. . This eliminates the need for prior measurement for obtaining the initial value of the bias error.
1 is an overall configuration diagram of a position estimation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a functional lineblock diagram of a position presumption system concerning one embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the position estimation (with an error) by a TOA system. It is a flowchart of the position estimation process which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the observation error distribution which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the position estimation (no error) by a TOA system.
(Observation error)
When the distance between the mobile station and the base station is measured using radio waves or the like, the error distribution of the measured distance is a unimodal distribution as shown in FIG. The error distribution, e b in FIG. 5, e r, it is considered that three types of measurement error represented by e n are included in the main.
The peak of the observation error peak appearing in the observation error distribution is shifted in the positive direction with respect to the observation error 0. This shift amount is called a bias amount e b. Bias amount e b, for example, by detecting the propagation time from the imparting transmission time at the mobile station due to the propagation path in the wireless device before sending a signal from the antenna, the signal received from the antenna at the base station, receiving This is a bias-like error amount included in the propagation time through the propagation path in the wireless device up to the portion to which the time is given.
The distribution of the observation error is a distribution having a wide base up to a very large value so as to have a base in the positive direction. Such a distribution is a phenomenon often seen in an NLOS environment or the like. Therefore, measurement error e n contained in this section may be an amount of error caused by the propagation path of the radio wave will extend the reflection is assumed to be a major cause.
Observation error e r in the width direction of the unimodal mountain, believed due to the timing measurement and the sampling interval of the transmission and reception of the base station and a random error amount due to the clock accuracy is a major cause It is done.
Observation error e n of the tail part takes a very large abnormal values, when the mobile station and the base station is in the LOS environment, therefore occurrence count is extremely rare, the like taking the median of the observed values It can be excluded as an abnormal value. Further, since the observation error er is considered to occur according to a normal distribution, it can be removed by taking the average value of the observed values obtained by measuring the distance a plurality of times at the same point. On the other hand, the bias amount e b, because contained a certain amount regardless of the observation distance, and can not be removed unless the estimated value. Bias amount e b is the error to be estimated target in the embodiment of the present invention.
When the position of a mobile station is obtained by three-side surveying, three or more base stations are required. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the position of the mobile station 10 is estimated using three base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c. When the distance between the base stations 20a, 20b, 20c and the mobile station 10 observed by the positioning system does not include an error, the circles drawn at the observation distances around the base stations intersect at one point. Can be estimated as the position of the mobile station 10.
However, the observation value includes an observation error. For example, in contrast to the ideal observation distances r 1 , r 2 , and r 3 that do not include the error in FIG. 6, the observation distances r 1 ′, r 2 ′, and r 3 ′ that include the observation error are shown in FIG. It is shown. Observation distance r 1 ', r 2', ' when performing position estimation based on the respective base stations 20a, 20b, around the 20c, radius observation distance r 1' r 3, r 2 ', r 3' of the Draw each circle, and the three circles do not meet one point. For this reason, many methods of geometrically estimating the position of the mobile station using the least square method or the intersection of circles are used. The more errors are included in the observation distance, the larger the area where the three circles shown in FIG. 3 overlap, and the position estimation accuracy in the least square method or the method of geometrically estimating the position deteriorates.
Therefore, a method has been adopted in which the error included in the observation distance is removed to improve the accuracy of position estimation. Removing the error, as described above, but the error e n due to a random error e r channel extends out of the three error amount can be easily removed, estimating the amount of bias It is very difficult. However, since the bias amount is included in the observed value on the order of several meters, the error is so large that it cannot be ignored in order to perform highly accurate position estimation.
As an example of a method for estimating the bias amount, communication is performed between base stations whose positions are known separately from wireless communication between the mobile station and the base station, and observation is performed by subtracting the obtained observation distance from the actual distance. In this method, an error is obtained, and the obtained observation error is estimated as a bias amount included in the observation distance between the base station and the mobile station. However, in this estimation method, the mobile station and the base station must have the same bias amount (the same device) as a premise, and a line-of-sight is necessary between the communicating base stations, and between the base stations There are problems such as having to have a function for communication.
There is also a method of estimating the bias amount in advance by arranging a mobile station at a point where the distance from the base station is known, obtaining an observation distance by a positioning system, and calculating an observation error. In this estimation method, when the antenna of the base station is changed to one having different characteristics, the signal received from the antenna is detected, and the propagation time for propagating the propagation path in the wireless device to the portion to which the reception time is given differs. Therefore, it is necessary to measure in advance again and set the correct value (initial value) of the bias amount. Similarly, when the mobile station antenna is changed to one having a different characteristic, it is necessary to perform a prior measurement again.
On the other hand, as will be described below, in the present embodiment, in order to estimate the bias amount, the correct value (initial value) of the bias amount is not required. Furthermore, this embodiment proposes a method for estimating the position of the mobile station with high accuracy by removing the bias amount from the observation distance using the estimated bias amount.
(Position estimation system)
First, a schematic configuration of a position estimation system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The position estimation system 100 includes a mobile station 10, three base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c, and a position detection device 30. Here, a case will be described where it is assumed that the mobile station 10 is always stationary. Here, the mobile station 10 is one station, but there may be a plurality of mobile stations. Further, the number of base stations may be any number as long as it is three or more. The mobile station 10 is an object whose position is estimated by the position estimation method according to the present embodiment. The positions of the base stations 20a, 20b, 20c are known. The mobile station 10, the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c and the position detection device 30 can perform one-way or two-way communication, and can transmit and receive data by wireless communication.
The base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c may be, for example, indoor wireless LAN (Local Area Network) base stations or mobile phone base stations. The base stations 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c do not need to be fixed as long as there is a method for knowing the position of each base station, and may have a movable form like the mobile station 10.
The mobile station 10 can be applied to various forms such as a PC (Personal Computer), a sensor network node, a mobile phone, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), and an active tag.
The position detection device 30 measures the distance between each base station 20a, 20b, 20c and the mobile station 10. The position detection device 30 is an example of a position estimation device that estimates the position of the mobile station 10. The position estimation device may exist alone, is built in the base stations 20a, 20b, 20c, may be integrated with the base stations 20a, 20b, 20c, is built in the mobile station 10, and is 10 may be integrated. The position detection device 30 may be incorporated in a server (not shown) that can communicate with the base stations 20a, 20b, 20c and the mobile station 10. Therefore, the position estimation device may exist as the position detection device 30, may exist as the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c, may exist as the mobile station 10, and exists as a server (not shown). You may do it. Furthermore, the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c are not limited to being configured by a plurality of devices having the same observation error characteristic, and may be configured by a plurality of devices having different observation error characteristics. In that case, the following processing may be performed for each device, for example, by assigning a device ID to each base station.
[Functional configuration of position detection device]
Next, a functional configuration of the position detection device 30 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The position detection device 30 includes a distance measurement unit 31, an observation error calculation unit 32, an observation error storage unit 33, a bias estimation unit 34, an observation distance correction unit 35, and an estimated position calculation unit 36. The functional configurations of the distance measuring unit 31, the observation error calculating unit 32, the observation error storing unit 33, and the bias estimating unit 34 are the functional configurations of the observation distance correcting unit 35 and the estimated position calculating unit 36 as functions of the bias error estimating device. It is also possible to use a separate device from the device having the above.
The distance measuring unit 31 is based on a predetermined signal acquired by one-way or two-way communication between the three base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c and the mobile station 10, and between the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c and the mobile station 10. Measure each distance. The predetermined signal includes information on the transmission / reception time of the radio signal as a result of the one-way or two-way communication and the reception time on the base station side, and moves with each base station 20a, 20b, 20c based on the information. The distance to the station 10 is measured. In this embodiment, since the mobile station 10 is always stationary, the distance between the mobile station having an arbitrary observation time width t and each base station can be handled collectively. In the present embodiment, the same device can be used for the three base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c, and there is no individual difference due to the same device.
For the measurement, any system such as RSSI system, TOA system, TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival) system, AOA (Angle Of Arrival) system, and TWR system, which is a distance measurement system used in the TOA system, should be used. Can do.
The RSSI system estimates the position of a mobile station mainly using the reception intensity of a radio signal, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-85780. In the TOA method, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-275148, the distance between devices is measured from the propagation time (arrival time) of a radio signal, and the position is estimated by triangulation from there.
The TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival) method is based on the signal propagation time in the same way as the TOA method, but it does not measure the distance between the base station and the mobile station. And the position is estimated based on the reception time difference.
In the AOA scheme, the position is estimated by performing triangulation based on the arrival angle of signals when a plurality of base stations receive signals from a mobile station. In the TWR (Two Way Ranging) method, the mobile station sends a signal to the base station, and the base station that receives the signal immediately returns the signal to the mobile station. Based on the round-trip propagation time until the signal from the station is received, the processing time required for loopback at the base station is subtracted and divided by 2, thereby calculating the propagation time taken for one way. Combinations of each method such as a combination of the TDOA method and the AOA method are also possible.
The observation error E i, t is considered to be composed of the following three errors. 5 shows, the three error amount e r, e b, is e n are illustrated schematically. The first is a random error amount er (i, t) depending on the sampling interval and clock accuracy (i is the number of base stations: 1 to 3, t is time: t> 0). The second is a bias-like error amount (bias amount) eb (i, t) (i is the number of base stations: 1-3, t ) due to the propagation path in the wireless device up to the portion to which the antenna and transmission / reception time are given. Is time: t> 0). The third is a very large error amount en (i, t) (i is the number of base stations: 1-3, t is the time of day ) due to the propagation of the radio wave propagation path often seen in the NLOS environment being extended by reflection. : T> 0). It is assumed that the observation error E i, t is composed of the above three different errors.
The observation error storage unit 33 stores, for example, the observation errors E i, t of the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c calculated at the time t by the observation error calculation unit 32 for a plurality of times. In this way, the observation error storage unit 33 stores the observation error of each base station calculated by the observation error calculation unit 32 for a plurality of times.
The bias estimation unit 34 estimates the bias amount eb (i, t) based on the observation errors E i, t for a plurality of times stored in the observation error storage unit 33 until time t. As described above, assuming that the observation error E i, t is unimodal and the center of the mountain is shifted from the error 0 in the positive direction and is widely distributed to a very large value so as to have a tail in the positive direction, The deviation from the error 0 at the center of the peak is distributed as a bias amount eb (i, t) , the width of the peak as a random error amount er (i, t) , and a large value with a tail in the positive direction. Can be assumed to be an error amount en (i, t) due to reflection.
Since the error amount er (i, t) is considered to occur according to a normal distribution, it can be removed by taking the average value or median value of the observation errors E i, t for a plurality of times. The error amount en (i, t) is considered to have a very low probability of occurrence when the LOS environment is between the mobile station 10 and each of the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c. As described above, the error amount en (i, t) may be removed, or may be removed by taking a median value.
On the other hand, in order to estimate the bias amount e b (i, t) , the peak peak shift may be obtained. However, if the average value is simply taken, the effect of en (i, t), which is a very large value, is obtained. Strongly received.
Therefore, the bias estimation unit 34 estimates the median value of the observation errors E i, t stored in the observation error storage unit 33 as the bias amount eb (i, t) . When the mobile station 10 is always stationary and the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c are the same device, the bias amount eb (i, t) is considered to be constant regardless of the time and the base station. treat as the amount e b.
The observation error calculation unit 32 repeats the process of calculating a plurality of observation distances, which are distances between a plurality of base stations whose positions are known and a mobile station whose position is unknown, until a predetermined number of times is exceeded, A plurality of observations based on an average value or median of the plurality of observation distances obtained as a result of repetition and a reference position calculated based on a plurality of observation distances which are distances between the plurality of base stations and the mobile station An error may be calculated. The bias estimation unit 34 may estimate a bias amount that is a deviation from the observation error 0 of the peak of the unimodal mountain on the observation error distribution based on the plurality of calculated observation errors.
The observation distance correction unit 35 is configured to detect the bias amount eb (i, i, t) estimated by the bias estimation unit 34 from the observation distances r i, t ′ measured by the distance measurement unit 31 up to the time t of the base stations 20a, 20b, 20c . The difference of t) is taken and corrected observation distance d i, t (i is the number of base stations: 1 to 3, t is time: t> 0). When the bias amount e b (i, t) estimated by the bias estimation unit 34 does not exist, the corrected observation distance d i, t is the observation distance r i, t ′ measured by the distance measurement unit 31.
The estimated position calculation unit 36 estimates the position of the mobile station 10 by the least square method or the like using the corrected observation distance d i, t determined by the observation distance correction unit 35. In the present embodiment, the position of one mobile station 10 is calculated by the least square method using the corrected observation distances d i, t of the three base stations 20a, 20b, 20c, and is output as an estimated position.
Note that the commands to the above units are executed by a dedicated control device or a CPU (not shown) that executes a program. A program for executing the position estimation process shown in FIG. 4 is stored in advance in a ROM or a non-volatile memory (not shown), and the CPU reads and executes each program from these memories, whereby the distance measuring unit 31 is executed. The functions of the observation error calculation unit 32, the observation error storage unit 33, the bias estimation unit 34, the observation distance correction unit 35, and the estimated position calculation unit 36 are realized.
Next, the operation of the position detection device 30 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of the position estimation process shown in FIG.
(Measurement of observation distance)
First, the distance measuring unit 31 measures the observation distances r i, t ′ (i is the number of base stations: 1 to 3, and t is time: t> 0) between the mobile station and the plurality of base stations up to time t. (Step S405).
In the present embodiment, the distance measuring unit 31 measures the distances from the three base stations 20a, 20b, 20c to the mobile station 10 in real time using the TOA (Time of Arrival) method, as shown in FIG. In the TOA method, measurement is performed between the mobile station 10 and the three base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c based on the radio signal propagation time.
Consider a case in which a radio signal transmitted from the mobile station 10 at time t 0 reaches the base station 20 a at time t 1 . In this case, the distance r 1 from the mobile station 10 to the base station 20a can be expressed by the following equation using the radio signal transmission speed v.
The distances r 2 and r 3 from the mobile station 10 to the base stations 20b and 20c can be similarly expressed by the following equations.
However, as shown in FIG. 3, the true distance r i between the mobile station 10 and the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c is at the actually observed observation distance r i ′ (i is the number of base stations: 1 to 3). Observation error E i (i is the number of base stations: 1 to 3) is included in (i is the number of base stations: 1 to 3). In the case of the TOA system, the observation error E i is a random error amount er, i (i is the number of base stations: 1 to 3) depending on the sampling interval and clock accuracy, and the wireless device up to the portion to which the antenna and the transmission / reception time are given. Error amount (bias amount) e b, i (i is the number of base stations: 1 to 3) due to the propagation path of the radio wave, and the radio wave propagation path often seen in the NLOS environment is extended due to reflection. The error amount en , i (i is the number of base stations: 1 to 3). Incidentally, handles the base station 20a, 20b, when 20c are the same device, e b for the amount of bias is believed to be constant included, i as e b.
Next, the observation error calculating unit 32 calculates the difference between the distance r i, t calculated observation distance r i measured in step S405, t 'and at step S410, which observation error E i , T (step S415). Now, assuming that the position coordinates of the mobile station 10 are (p x , p y ) and the position coordinates of the base station 20 a are (a x, 1 , a y, 1 ), the distance between the base station 20 a and the mobile station 10 is the distance r 1 can be expressed by the following equation.
Similarly , the distances r 2 and r 3 between the mobile station 10 and the base stations 20b and 20c can be expressed by the following equations.
Equation (4) to Equation (6) p x, it can be expressed by the following equation to convert the matrix for p y.
From the above equation, the least squares solution can be expressed by the following equation.
It is determined whether the number of repetitions of measurement of the observation distance r i, t ′ exceeds a predetermined number (step S420). If not, the process returns to step S405, and the processing of steps S405 to 420 is repeated until the number of repetitions exceeds a predetermined number. If the number of repetitions exceeds, the process proceeds to S425.
(Bias amount estimation)
The observation error storage unit 33 stores the observation errors E i, t calculated by the observation error calculation unit 32 for a plurality of times. Ambiguity estimation unit 34 estimates the amount of bias e b using observation error E i, t stored in the observation error storage unit 33. Select median in order to reduce the influence of the error e r and e n from the observation error recorded from the characteristics of the distribution of the above-described observation error in the observation error storage unit 33 estimates the bias amount e b ( Step S425). It is also possible to estimate the amount of bias e b by obtaining an average value very large values after removing the error e n as an outlier.
(Calculation of corrected observation distance)
Observation distance correction unit 35 uses the observed distances r i between the measured mobile station and each base station by the distance measuring unit 31, and t ', the bias amount e b estimated by the bias estimation unit 34, the correction observed The distance d i, t is calculated (step S430). The observation distance correction unit 35 calculates a difference between the plurality of observation distances and the bias amount estimated in step S425 as a plurality of corrected observation distances. The corrected observation distance d i, t can be expressed by the following equation.
(Mobile station location estimation)
The estimated position calculation unit 36 uses the corrected observation distance d i, t calculated by the observation distance correction unit 35 to estimate the position (x, y) of the mobile station 10 by the following equation (step S430).
The position estimation method for the position (x, y) of the mobile station 10 may be any method that estimates the position of the mobile station 10 using the distance between the mobile station 10 and each of the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c.
The observation error distribution of FIG. 5 mainly includes the following three observation errors (1) to (3).
(1) a deviation from the observation error 0 of single peak of a mountain on the observation error distribution bias amount e b
(2) the error amount e n of broad-section on observation error distribution
(3) Observation of the width direction of the unimodal peak of the error distribution error amount e r
By calculating the mean or median of fixing the position of the mobile station has observed several times observation distance, reduces the influence of the error amount e n is the error amount e r and very large error which is a random error Can be obtained. In addition, if the position of the mobile station is fixed and the average or median of the results of multiple position estimations using the distances observed by the mobile station and three or more base stations is calculated, random errors and emergency It is possible to obtain a position estimation result in which the influence of a large error is reduced.
In particular, by repeating the calculation of the observation error by the observation error calculation unit based on the new observation distance until the predetermined number of times is exceeded in the determination process of step S420 (steps S405 to S420), the median value of the observation errors is obtained. by reducing the error amount e r of the width direction of the unimodal peak of the error amount e n and the observation error distribution of broad-portion of the on observation error distribution contained in the bias amount calculated, the estimation of the bias amount Accuracy can be increased. Thereby, the accuracy of position estimation of the mobile station can also be improved.
In this embodiment, the observation distance is stored until the observation error exceeds a predetermined number of times without repeating the calculation of the observation error by the observation error calculation unit, and the position estimated using all the stored observation distances is a temporary position ( As the reference position, a bias amount can be estimated by subtracting the distance between each base station and the provisional position from the observation distance between each base station and the mobile station. Therefore, as described above, according to the position estimation system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is no need to measure the correct value (initial value) of the bias amount beforehand by experiment, and the bias is based on a plurality of observation distances. It is possible to estimate the amount, and to reduce the influence of the observation error by the estimated bias amount, and to estimate the position of the mobile station with high accuracy. Further, since the mobile station is in a stationary state, the longer the observation time is, the higher the bias can be estimated and the higher the position estimation accuracy of the mobile station.
Normally, the mobile station 10 moves. In this case, if the sampling rate is sufficiently higher than the moving speed, the bias amount can be estimated as a stationary state. In addition, it is not always necessary to estimate the bias amount every time the observation distance is obtained, and the calculation amount can be reduced by estimating the bias amount at a timing when the observation distance is obtained in a certain amount.
There may be a plurality of mobile stations 10. In this case, the mobile station 10 transmits a unique ID between the mobile stations, so that the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c can recognize which mobile station 10 the transmission is from. Accordingly, the base stations 20a, 20b, and 20c can collect data for each mobile station 10.
Further, the function of the position detection device 30 may be incorporated in any of the plurality of base stations 20a, 20b, 20c, or the function of the position detection device 30 is incorporated in the mobile station 10 to estimate the position of the own device. You may do it.
The communication method is not limited to radio waves, and the observation distances between the base stations 20a, 20b, 20c and the mobile station 10 may be obtained using, for example, infrared rays, ultrasonic waves, image processing, or the like.
In the above-described embodiment, the operations of the respective units are related to each other, and can be replaced as a series of operations in consideration of the mutual relationship. Thereby, the embodiment of the bias error estimation device can be the embodiment of the bias error method.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Mobile station 20a, 20b, 20c Base station 30 Position detection apparatus 31 Distance measurement part 32 Observation error calculation part 33 Observation error memory | storage part 34 Bias estimation part 35 Observation distance correction part 36 Estimated position calculation part 100 Position estimation system e b Bias amount
A reference position is calculated based on a plurality of observation distances that are distances between a plurality of base stations whose positions are known and a mobile station whose position is unknown, and the distances from the reference positions to the plurality of base stations and the plurality of base stations An observation error calculation unit that repeats the process of calculating a plurality of differences from the observation distance as an observation error until a predetermined number of times is exceeded,
Based on a plurality of observation errors obtained as a result of the iterative processing by the observation error calculation unit, a bias estimation unit for estimating a bias amount that is a deviation from the observation error 0 of the peak of the unimodal mountain on the observation error distribution When,
A bias error estimation device comprising:
The observation error mainly consists of the bias amount, an error amount of a wide part of the observation error distribution, and an error amount in the width direction of the unimodal mountain on the observation error distribution,
By repeating the observation error calculation processing by the observation error calculation unit until the predetermined number of times is exceeded, an error amount in a wide part of the observation error distribution included in the estimated bias amount and the observation error The bias error estimation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an error amount in a width direction of a unimodal mountain on the distribution is reduced.
3. The bias estimation unit calculates a median of a plurality of observation errors calculated by the observation error calculation unit, and estimates the median as a bias amount. 4. The bias error estimation device according to 1.
The distance measurement that measures the plurality of observation distances, which are distances between the plurality of base stations and the mobile station, based on a signal acquired in one direction or bidirectionally between the plurality of base stations and the mobile station. The bias error estimation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a unit.
The observation error calculation unit calculates the reference position based on the plurality of observation distances using a part or all of the plurality of observation distances. The bias error estimation apparatus described.
An observation error storage unit for storing the observation error of each base station calculated by the observation error calculation unit for a plurality of times;
The bias estimation unit estimates the bias amount based on an observation error of each base station for a plurality of times stored in the observation error storage unit. The bias error estimation apparatus described.
A reference position is calculated based on a plurality of observation distances that are distances between a plurality of base stations whose positions are known and a mobile station whose position is unknown, and the distances from the reference positions to the plurality of base stations and the plurality of base stations An observation error calculation step that repeats the process of calculating a plurality of observation distance differences as observation errors until a predetermined number of times are exceeded,
Based on a plurality of observation errors obtained as a result of the iterative processing in the observation error calculation step, a bias estimation step for estimating a bias amount that is a deviation from the observation error 0 of a unimodal mountain peak on the observation error distribution When,
A bias error estimation method comprising:
A reference position is calculated based on a plurality of observation distances that are distances between a plurality of base stations whose positions are known and a mobile station whose position is unknown, and the distances from the reference positions to the plurality of base stations and the plurality of base stations An observation error calculation unit that repeats the process of calculating a plurality of observation distance differences as observation errors until a predetermined number of times are exceeded,
An observation distance correction unit that corrects each of the plurality of observation distances based on a bias amount estimated by the bias estimation unit;
An estimated position calculation unit that estimates the position of the mobile station based on the corrected observation distances;
The position estimation apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the observation distance correction unit calculates a difference between the plurality of observation distances and the estimated bias amount as the corrected plurality of observation distances.
The process of calculating a plurality of observation distances, which are distances between a plurality of base stations whose positions are known and a mobile station whose position is unknown, is repeated until a predetermined number of times is exceeded, and the plurality of results obtained as a result of repetition are calculated. An observation error calculator that calculates a plurality of observation errors based on an average value or a median of observation distances and a reference position calculated based on a plurality of observation distances that are distances between the plurality of base stations and the mobile station; ,
A bias estimation unit that estimates a bias amount that is a deviation from the observation error 0 of the peak of the unimodal mountain on the observation error distribution based on the calculated plurality of observation errors;
JP2010227708A 2010-10-07 2010-10-07 Bias error estimation apparatus, bias error estimation method and position estimation apparatus Pending JP2012083136A (en)
JP2010227708A JP2012083136A (en) 2010-10-07 2010-10-07 Bias error estimation apparatus, bias error estimation method and position estimation apparatus
JP2012083136A true JP2012083136A (en) 2012-04-26
ID=46242170
JP2010227708A Pending JP2012083136A (en) 2010-10-07 2010-10-07 Bias error estimation apparatus, bias error estimation method and position estimation apparatus
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