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Banking Note Final | Basel Iii | Reserve Bank Of India
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8% 1.571 1.8% 2.125 1. ICRA Research While the Indian banking sector features a large number of players competing against each other.421 2. billion) 7.2% 1.1% 1. or NBFCs. and other infrastructure NBFCs The data pertains to SCBs. 49 5% trillion (around 62% of 2010-11 GDP) SCBs as on March 31.4% 9. while within the NBFC sector. except for NIMs and Returns on Net Worth.8% 3. HFCs 16% 4% accounting for around 76% of the total credit portfolio. NBFCs for around 10%.297 42.2% 1. Banks 86% accounted for nearly 86% of the total NBFC– Infrastructure credit.131 2. 2011. 2011. large infrastructure financing institutions2 accounted for more than half the total NBFC credit portfolio.8% 8. and housing finance companies.287 2.5% 2.4% 6. or HFCs) Chart 1: Credit Composition of Financial Sector Entities reported a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19% over the Public Sector last three years and their credit Banks NBFC–Retail 65% portfolio stood at close to Rs.9% 12.3% State Bank of India Punjab National Bank Bank of Baroda ICICI Bank Bank of India Canara Bank HDFC Bank IDBI Bank Axis Bank Central Bank of India Total banking sector3 18% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 100% 2.3% 1.164 2.9% NIM: net interest margin Source: Annual Reports.1% 2. on the 4% strength of their country-wide Private banks presence. which are for select Public Sector Banks + Private Sector Banks covering more than 90% of the universe ICRA Rating Services Page 2 . continued to be the leader.3% 2.7% Return on Net Worth (2010-11) 13% 24% 24% 10% 17% 26% 17% 16% 19% 18% 17% Gross NPA % as in March 2011 3.874 Market Share (%) NIMs (201011) Tier I Capital % as in March 2011 7.7% 2.5% 1.5% 2.2% 2.600 1.2% 8. NBFCs that are into retail financing took up the rest. Rural Electrification Corporation. and 6% HFCs for around 4%.2% 8.1% 2.1% 9. non-banking financial companies.424 1.6% 4. the top 10 banks accounted for a significant 57% share of the total credit as on March 31.4% 4. Results of banks. ICRA Research 2 3 Such as Power Finance Corporation. Source: RBI. Table 1: Key Players in Indian Banking Sector Name of Bank Credit Portfolio as in March 2011 (Rs.3% 10.0% 13.567 2. Within banks. Foreign banks public sector banks (PSBs).4% 10.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 Background The Indian financial sector (including banks.8% 1.5% 2.9% 3.
2010 Mar 25.461 181 793 2. the banking sector‟s credit portfolio has been growing at over 20% per annum over the last several years (except in 2009-10. while deposits achieved a CAGR of 19% and the investment portfolio of 14% over the same period. ICRA Research infrastructure sector and to NBFCs. although the CD ratio moderated to 74. largely because of the slow credit growth in comparison with deposits during the first two months of 2011-12.674 11% 21% 55% 43% 34% 18% 15% -10% 24% 20% 21% 4 SCBs business in India Page 3 ICRA Rating Services .2% as on May 27.2% from March 2011 levels). pace of deposit growth slows Total banking credit4 stood at close to Rs. when the growth rate moderated to 17% mainly because of the decline in ICICI Bank‟s credit portfolio). In 2010-11.4% in 200910). the credit portfolio reported a CAGR of 24% over the last eight years. billion) Growth in credit (RHS) Total credit (Rs. although the pace of credit growth has been subdued in the first two months (up just 0. Table 2: Domestic Credit Portfolio Composition of SCBs Credit portfolio composition Mar 25. The higher credit growth versus deposits growth led to an increase in the credit deposits ratio (CD ratio) from 72.118 1.528 3.920 14.603 1. it is in line with the pattern noticed in the previous years (0.878 1. Over the years. The higher growth in credit could be achieved because of the slower growth in investments and the increase in capital. 2011 and reported a strong 21.2% as in March 2010 to 75.134 1.692 2. led by credit to the Chart 2: Trend in Growth of Banking Assets 80000 70000 60000 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% (in Rs.400 4. billion) Growth in deposits (RHS) Growth in assets (RHS) Source: RBI.756 2.4% growth in 2010-11. which achieved around 22% (20% in previous year). According to ICRA‟s estimates. credit growth was maintained at 21% with the growth in investments being just 13%.161 921 1. billion) 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Mar-03 Mar-04 Mar-05 Mar-06 Mar-07 Mar-08 Mar-09 Mar-10 Mar-11 Total assets (Rs. private banks reported a higher overall credit growth of around 26% in 2010-11 (10% in previous year) as compared with PSBs.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 Strong growth in infrastructure credit drives credit growth in 2010-11. In 2011-12.7% as in March 2011.1% in 2010-11 and 0. Historically.008 30.419 36. 39 trillion as on March 25.575 17. while deposits growth for SCBs slowed down to 17%.076 3. 2011 As % of Total Credit as in March 2011 13% 3% 5% 7% 7% 47% 9% 0% 2% 7% 100% Growth (y-o-y) Agriculture and Allied Activities loans Non-Agri Corporate Loans Commercial Real Estate loans Loans to NBFCs Power Sector Loans Other Infrastructure Loans Other Corporate Loans Retail Loans Housing loans Credit Card Outstanding Vehicle Loans Other Retail Loans Total Non-Food Credit y-o-y: year-on-year Note: Amounts in Rs. 2011. credit growth has outpaced deposits growth.009 201 638 2. billion Source: RBI. ICRA Research 4.
banks‟ capacity to meet credit demand could get constrained by the volume of deposits they are able to mobilise and by the large amount of funds they would need to keep aside to fund the government deficit. Gross NPAs declined marginally from 2. the infrastructure sector (including power) accounted for 14% of the total credit portfolio of banks. the same increased by 55% in 2010-11 and accounted for around 5% of the banks‟ total credit portfolio as in March 2011. Going forward. Retail credit grew by 17% in 2010-11 against the overall credit growth of 21%. Credit to commercial real estate also increased in 2010-11. considering the anticipated GDP growth (around 8%). and the rest mainly to NBFCs engaged in retail financing. Credit to the power sector reported a growth of 43%. As for banks‟ retail lending. PSBs report some deterioration while private banks show improvement The Gross NPA percentage of SCBs did not increase by the extent that the stress in the Indian market during 2008-09 would warrant because of large loan restructuring over last 2-3 years (4-5% of total advances). the RBI has raised the repo rate by 275 basis points (bps). the maximum possible credit growth would be still lower. this continued to lag overall credit growth during 2010-11. higher provisioning led to a reduction in Net NPAs from 1. However. the infrastructure sector. in case the government deficit is higher because of lower tax collection and underprovided fuel & food subsidies. In case the government deficit is in line with the Budget numbers. On asset quality. particularly power.3% as in March 2011. However. 4. However. although the 17% figure marked a significant increase over the 4.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 During 2010-11. Going forward.1% as in March 2010 to 0.1 trillion in 2010-11). Most of the NBFCs are focused on secured assets classes. the pace of growth of credit to this segment could slow down. ICRA Rating Services Page 4 . Any higher growth would require intervention from the RBI. around half of this went to infrastructure related entities. As banks fund around 40% of these bonds. As in March 2011. which in turn has been transmitted by the banking system via increases in the base and prime lending rates.1% reported in 2009-10. Within the power sector. investments in infrastructure and lower funds flow from the capital markets. and are well-capitalised. with many banks approaching the exposure cap on lending to the power sector and given the concerns hovering over the prospects of the sector itself. historically banks have been taking exposure to State power utilities as well as independent power producers (IPPs). 1. and NBFCs were the key drivers of the credit growth achieved by the banking sector. Further.4% as in March 2010 to 2. besides deposit rates. If deposits were to grow by 17%. a higher-than-expected deposit growth could allow banks expand their credit base. Moreover. the balance funds (incremental deposits + internal capital generation + fresh external capital – increase in investments in government bonds) would support only 17-18% credit growth. against an overall credit growth of 21%. in the short to medium term. Large government borrowings may allow for just 17-18% credit growth in 201112 Since March 2010. reporting a 21% growth that year as against nil in 2009-10. the net borrowing of the Government of India (GOI) and the State governments via bonds would reach an estimated Rs. 4. while the RBI‟s tight monetary stance may exert a downward pressure on the demand for credit. the undisbursed sanctions to power projects are likely to provide for a moderate growth.7 trillion in 2011-12 (Rs. At the same time. As for bank credit to NBFCs. they would need to set aside Rs. credit demand could still remain high. have reported low NPA percentages.9 trillion for the purpose. while other infrastructure credit grew by 34% during 2010-11.9% as in March 2011.
while some others merely took advantage of the scheme and did not necessarily have weak credit profiles.1 FY07 2.9 6.7 1.0 5.6 FY09 2. while private banks‟ NPAs declined from 2.3 1.8 FY08 2. Better provisioning coverage and a stronger capitalisation profile allowed private banks report better solvency (Net NPA/Net Worth) than PSBs during last few years. although State government guarantees for some of the exposures would mitigate the eventual credit loss to an extent.1 13.1 13. data not available for foreign banks Page 5 ICRA Rating Services . 2011.3%. 602 billion as in March 2006 (around 4% of total banking credit) to Rs.2 FY07 2.1 2.0 1. restructured advances were higher at 4.3 1. Restructured advances accounted for around 4% of SCBs‟ total advances as on March 31.9 2.7 9.0 10.9 11. ICRA Research Over the last two years.8 7. with some banks hitting the exposure caps for the entities/sector.4 FY09 2.9 1.9 7. Further.7 1.0 11. RBI. Asset quality related challenges ahead  Spill-over from restructuring window not over yet In 2008-09. Some of these restructured accounts have slipped into the NPA category over the last two years (in the range 8-20% for various banks).0 FY11 2. From ICRA‟s discussions with bankers it has emerged that some of the restructured corporate borrowers needed loan restructuring because of genuine liquidity issues.6 3. As part of this exercise. such advances were lower at around 1% of their credit portfolio as in March 2011.3 13.3 7. Timely assessment of such losses and speedy initiation of steps to lower them (via technical 5 Estimated by ICRA for public sector banks and private banks. “agri debt relief”.5% as in March 2011 because of their higher lending to the corporate sector.3 1. 2. Banking credit to the power sector as a percentage of banks‟ total net worth also increased from 33% as in March 2006 to 56% as in March 2011.1 FY06 3.0 1.5 FY10 2. any reduction in credit flow from the banking system to such entities.3 0.  Exposure to State utilities remains an area of concern The exposure of banks to the power sector increased from Rs. while for private banks. and this could be a problem for banks unless power-sector reforms gain pace. and slippages because of automation of asset classification.2 1. slippages from restructured advances could continue into 2011-12 as well.2 Source: Annual reports of banks. The exposure to the power sector includes that to State power utilities and IPPs.3 FY07 2.1 FY06 2. banks mostly allowed deferment of principal repayment by eligible borrowers by allowing a moratorium of six to 12 months.2 FY08 2. The Gross NPA percentage of the PSBs got impacted by slippages from restructured accounts.3 0.3 1. and with the operating environment deteriorating.1 2.3 FY115 2.692 billion as in March 2011 (around 7% of total banking credit).8 FY08 2.0 10.6 1.1 0.1 6.1 0. it is likely that they will find it difficult to service debt on time. Since the financial health of the State power utilities remains poor.0 0.4 1. Within these.1 8.2 2. the GOI has set up a committee to assess the total losses of State power utilities. loans given to fund the cash losses of State utilities are estimated at 30-40% of the total power-sector exposures.1 12. For PSBs.9% to 2.4 FY11 2.2 1. PSBs‟ Gross NPAs rose from 2% to 2. could also trigger defaults.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made Table 3: Trend in Asset Quality Indicators of SCBs June 2011 SCBs Gross NPAs (%) Net NPAs (%) Fresh NPA Generation Rate (%) Net NPAs/Net Worth (%) PSBs Gross NPA (%) Net NPA (%) Net NPAs/Net Worth (%) Private banks Gross NPAs (%) Net NPAs (%) Net NPAs/Net Worth (%) FY06 3. In the context of power-sector reforms. the RBI allowed a second time restructuring of corporate advances (excluding commercial real estate advances) and a one-time restructuring of commercial real estate advances.4 1.5 FY10 2.1 FY10 2.5 1.3%.2 9.1 FY09 2.
3% of their gross credit portfolio as in March 2010.3% the previous year.7% by end-year 2011-12 Exposure to State power utilities (2-3% of total exposures). and Increase in counterparty risks and increasing concerns over fuel linkages in the power sector. it could negatively impact asset quality. such exposures may not slip into the NPA category in the short term. airlines (1.5-2%). As for the on-lending to AP-based micro lending institutions by SCBs.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 and commercial loss reduction measures. the credit profiles of borrowers could weaken in 2011-12 because of the following factors. and A move by banks and other investor to freeze credit to MFIs across the country. ICRA Rating Services Page 6 . In October 2010. Further. a large number of which are incurring losses. accounted for 1. and automation of asset classification). imposing several restrictions on MFI operations in the State. Compression of operating profitability because of cost pressures. Overall.7% as on March 31. 2012 from 2. The promulgation of the Ordinance has led to: A substantial drop in the collection efficiency in AP. collection efficiency in the nonAP States has remained comfortable so far. SCBs‟ exposure to micro lending institutions (including SHGs) in AP is likely to lead to credit losses of 7-12 basis points (bps) in various scenarios of collection efficiency. and therefore. Project implementation related delays. which has impacted disbursements in non-AP States as well. Gross NPA percentage could rise to 2. The Gross NPA percentage (for public and private sector banks) could increase to 2.  Credit loss from exposure to micro lending institutions in AP likely SCBs‟ exposure to micro lending institutions. Agri Debt Relief. Higher interest rates. among others: Moderation/slowdown in demand conditions. Nevertheless. if interest rates continue to rise. Despite some deterioration in the operating environment vis-à-vis the previous year. microfinance institutions (MFIs) and self-help groups (SHGs). However. which would constrain access to equity.) would be critical for improving the financial viability of State utilities and also for reducing the counter-party credit risks of entities serving the power sector. As for the exposure to airlines. tariff revisions. Overall. there may be some regulatory respite for asset classification.3-2. Reduced profitability of new projects (because of competitive pressures. and inability of companies to pass on the higher costs in a scenario of increasing competitive intensity. and AP-based micro lending institutions has increased the vulnerability of banks of late. etc.3-2. given the importance of State utilities. higher feedstock prices and higher interest costs) funded with relatively higher leveraging. Lacklustre capital markets. fresh slippages in 2011-12 may not be significantly higher than in 2010-11 since the previous year‟s numbers had included slippages because of adjustment issues (restructured accounts. viz. these exposures are not very significant. Andhra Pradesh (AP) alone accounted for 42% of the total SHG loans and 28% of the total MFI loans. the Government of AP issued an Ordinance. government guarantees mitigate the risk to an extent. a large part of it is to the GOI-owned carrier and here. and therefore. the overall credit profile of the SCBs may not suffer much even if the current stress on collections continues.
00% 37.00% 35.00% 14.00% 33. 3.00% 8. there has been a positive correlation between growth in deposits base and increase in interest rates. although the CRAR and Tier I capital of SCBs declined in 2010-11. 4. with the private banks‟ CRAR at around 16% and that of PSBs at around 13%.00% 12. according to ICRA‟s estimates. respectively.00% 25.00% 11. Annual Reports/Results of banks. historically. ICRA Research 2011.2 trillion during this period. The capitalisation profile of private banks continues to be better than Tier I capital CRAR that of PSBs.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 Higher interest rates could ensure better deposits growth in 2011-12 Chart 3: Trend in Low-Cost Deposits of Banks 43. having significant low cost deposits (CASA) as a proportion of total deposits could help them keep their cost of funds under control even in a scenario of rising interest rates in the system. Within deposits.2% as in September 2010 and 7.00% 10. ICRA Research increased by 22%. current and saving accounts) increased by 27% for private sector banks. the overall deposits of private banks Source: RBI. and by 15% for PSBs. and for a lower 33% for PSBs. banks may be able to mobilise retail deposits at a higher pace in 2011-12 than in the previous year.00% 31.00% 29. low cost deposits (CASA.00% 6. CASA deposits represented 41% of the total deposits for private banks. However.00% FY 07 FY 08 CASA % for PSBs FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 In 2010-11. The high proportion of CDs (instead of retail deposits) could adversely impact the liquidity profile of banks and their NIMs in a scenario of rising interest rates. continuous government support (via capital infusion) to enable PSBs maintain a minimum Tier I capital of 8% is likely to result in these banks being able to maintain a comfortable capitalisation profile over short to medium term.00% 9. At present. The decline is attributable largely to strong credit growth and the fall in the capitalisation level of the country‟s largest bank. CASA % for Private banks High proportion of certificates of deposits could impact NIM and liquidity negatively ICRA‟s analysis of the current liquidity situation shows that Indian banks have been raising bulk funds in the form of certificates of deposit (CDs) and high-cost deposits from corporate entities mostly for short tenures. ICRA Rating Services Page 7 .00% 13.2% as in March 2011 from 7. as in March Source: RBI. as in a high interest rate regime bank fixed deposits become more attractive than many other instruments.00% 7.00% In the banking system. with the total CDs outstanding increasing from Rs.00% FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 I capital and Capital to Riskweighted Assets Ratio (CRAR).00% 39. it appears that given the outlook on interest rates. For banks. while that of PSBs increased by 18%. State Bank of India (SBI).6% as in March 2010. The share of CDs outstanding increased to 8.4 trillion to Rs.00% 27. 41. Comfortable capitalisation against current norms The capitalisation profile of SCBs remains comfortable and much above the minimum regulatory requirements of 6% and 9% for Tier Chart 4: Capitalisation Profile of SCBs 15. periods with high interest rates have seen relatively high deposits growth.
2013 (as scheduled for the Indian banking industry). the GOI infused Rs. Considering the stricter deductions from Tier I and the fact that some of the existing perpetual debt (around Rs. as on March 31. 165 billion in PSBs to improve their Tier I capital to 8% and take up its stake in the PSBs to at least 58%. it plans to raise significant capital through a rights issue. under the current regulations and market valuations. nine banks had Tier I capital of less than 8. However. Indian banks fare well against the Basel III requirement for capital. and therefore. While unamortised liability is moderate for PSBs as a whole. However. then the Tier I capital declines by 30-35 bps from the 9% level of March 2011. subject to minimum amortisation of 1/5th of the total liability every year. 2011.5% 8. 2011.6%) Note: Figures within parentheses pertain to aggregated capital adequacy of banks covering over 95% of the total banking assets as on March 31. and consequently.50% 2.6% (9. Some banks may require capital to meet Basel III norms As can be seen in table 4 below. For the 24 PSBs6 analysed by ICRA. banks will need to maintain higher regulatory capital under BASEL-III norms versus the existing RBI norms. beginning the financial year ended March 31. The RBI allowed banks to amortise these liabilities over a maximum five years. the GOI may need to infuse substantial capital into it to maintain its stake in the bank at 58%. 3. for instance. Most banks may not require significant capital now During 2010-11. Basel II disclosure by various banks At an aggregate level.6% (9. 6 Excluding SBI Page 8 ICRA Rating Services . the total unamortised pension and gratuity liabilities were around Rs.5% 7-9. with the likely switch to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from April 1. although some may need equity to fund their growth plans. As for SBI. If the unamortised liability is adjusted against the Tier I capital of PSBs as on March 2011.50% 0-2. 203 billion (11% of their net worth). some may appear inferior on comparison. these are well capitalised. Therefore. 2011.5-13% Existing RBI Norm 3. Existing Norms Basel III Norm Common equity (after deductions) Conservation buffer Countercyclical buffer Common equity + Conservation buffer + Countercyclical buffer Tier I (including the buffers) Total capital (including the buffers) 4. RBI. After this. the full unamortised liability would be knocked off from the opening balance of reserves. these banks (apart from SBI) may not require significant Tier I capital in the short term. 2010. 250 billion) would become ineligible for inclusion under Tier I. The GOI has budgeted for Rs. banks may have to absorb the entire liability over the next two to three financial years. 10 lakh following the amendment to the Payment of Gratuity Act. some banks may need to infuse superior or core capital (equity capital or Tier I).5% as on March 31. the Tier I capital of most of the PSBs has improved. which is likely. PSBs reopened the pension option for employees who had not opted for pension earlier (including retired employees) and also enhanced the gratuity limits from Rs. Source: Basel committee documents. Table 4: Capital Adequacy under Basel III vs.5-11% 10. it is relatively high for a few banks (bank-wise unamortised liability as on March 31. 2011 at Annexure 1).2%) Nil Nil 3.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 Unamortised pension/gratuity liability could lower Tier I of PSBs (excluding SBI) by 30-35 bps In 2010-11. As for private banks. 1972. 60 billion capital for PSBs in 2011-12.5 lakh to Rs. Additional capital may also be required to support a growth rate that exceeds the internal capital generation rate.2%) 6% (10%) 9% (14.
00% 1. even as the post-tax impact would be lower at 6-7 bps. although the trend was broken in Chart 6: Quarterly Movement in NIM vs.5% to 4. Chart 5: Trend in Profitability of SCBs and PSBs Scheduled Commercial Banks 3. ICICI and HDFC Bank) than for those with a smaller share of such deposits (UCO Bank. banks have historically reported an increase in NIM in a rising interest rate scenario. which are not interest rate sensitive. At the systemic level. therefore.00% 2.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 Profitability profile stable. the spread between the savings bank (SB) deposit and term deposit rates has widened significantly. the return on equity could get diluted by less than 1%. The increase in interest rate on SB deposits could raise the cost of deposits by around 13 bps at the systemic level.50% 0. ICRA Research 7 8 Banks were asked by the RBI to achieve and maintain a provision cover ratio of 70% Operating expenses as percentage of ATA rose in 2010-11 after having been on a declining trend for several years ICRA Rating Services Page 9 .50% 1.50% 3. the interest rate sensitivity of banks could increase as the proportion of infrastructure loans Source: RBI. interest rates are not linked to market rates.00% 8.00% 2.00% 1. Interest Rates 10. If banks do not pass on this additional cost to borrowers.50% 2.00% 10-yr benchmark G-sec NIMs (RHS) SB rate (RHS) Repo rate the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2010-11 by a higher rise in the cost of funds versus yield in advances. Interest rate sensitivity may rise. In 2010-11. This positive correlation could be partly explained by the lag effect in term deposit re-pricing and partly by CASA deposits (34% of deposits or 28% of total liabilities). which even if not very significant per se. the RBI decided to raise the SB deposit interest rate from 3.00% 7.0%. their NIMs could be diluted by 10 bps.00% 8.00% 5. 2011).50% 0. the benefit was partly offset by the increase in their operating expenses and in credit provisioning.00% 3. The impact would be higher for banks with a large proportion of SB deposits (SBI.00% 4.00% 6.50% 2.00% 4.00% 3.50% 3.00% 0.00% 0. In May 2011.00% 10. Annual Report Results of banks and ICRA Research Increase in interest rate on savings deposits could reduce NIM by 5-15 bps In recent periods.00% 0.00% 5.9-1.00% 7.50% 1. credit provisions offset increase in NIMs The profitability profile of SCBs has remained steady over the years with the ratio of Profit after Tax to Average Total Assets (PAT/ATA) being in the 0. Oriental Bank of Commerce or OBC).1% range.00% FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 Net interest income/Average total assets Profit after tax/Average total assets Operating expenses/Average total assets Net interest income/Average total assets Profit after tax (PAT)/Average total assets Operating expenses/Average total assets Source: RBI. ability to pass on increase in cost of funds to influence trend in NIMs As Chart 6 shows. while the profitability of SCBs benefited from the improvement in NIMs. Going forward. would add to the pressures on profitability. Punjab National Bank. higher operating expenses.00% 0. Overall. SB deposits are estimated to account for 22-23% of total bank deposits (as of March 31.00% 9.00% Public Sector Banks 2. the impact on NIMs for various banks ranges from 5 to 15 bps.00% 9.00% 1. with banks rushing to raise the provisioning cover to 70% 7.00% 1. that is.00% 6. The rise in operating expenses largely followed the increase in the liability for pension & gratuity expenses 8.00% 3.00% 2.
As Table 5 shows. the amortisation sum works out to around Rs. If a 40% amortisation rate (each year) for these liabilities is assumed for 2011-12 and 2012-13.46% 0. PSBs made a total provision of Rs. 2013. with the PSBs continuing to amortise these liabilities. A recent RBI guideline. it is expected that PSBs would want to accelerate the amortisation rate in 2011-12 and 2012-13.8% of ATA in 2010-11 largely because of a rise in the PSBs‟ employee expenses following an increase in their pension and gratuity liability.6% in 2010-11. Going ahead. despite fresh slippages. their credit provisioning declined in 2010-11.76% 1. any unamortised liability would have to be knocked off from the opening net worth as on that date.45% (as percentage of assets) in 2011-12. 89 billion made in 2010-11). could reduce the incremental credit provisioning requirement. For private banks. However. Operating expenses may remain at an elevated level in the short term The operating expenses of SCBs. Going forward. but the margin could recover subsequently. they will have to make a provision of around Rs. PSBs reported fresh slippages of 2. rose from 1. Given the concern about having an adequate cushion against unexpected losses. according to which banks are no longer required to maintain a provision cover ratio (PCR) of 70% on new NPAs (although they need to maintain a PCR of 70% on NPAs as on September 30. As for expenses related to pension/increase in gratuity.62% PSBs 0. another guideline. Overall.30% of ATA in 2008-09 to 0.62% 0. Overall. in October 2009.81% 2009-10 Private banks 0. 50 billion both in 2011-12 and 2012-13. has enhanced the provisioning requirement for certain categories of NPAs by 5-10% and asked banks to create a 2% provision on standard restructured assets.62% of ATA in 2010-11) with the banks accelerating their provisioning to achieve a provision cover ratio of 70%. credit provisioning for PSBs increased significantly over the last two years (from 0. 2010).3% in 2010-11. if IFRS is implemented from April 1.46% PSBs 0. Most banks achieved a provisioning coverage ratio of 70% by September 2010 while a few obtained extension of the deadline (ranging from March to September 2011) from the RBI.7% of ATA in 2009-10 to 1.44% Source: Annual Report/Results of banks. a temporary slack in credit growth (as is typically seen in the first half of a financial year) and adjustments in the lending rate to incorporate a higher rate on SB deposits (and such other factors) may lead to a dip in the NIM in the first half of 2011-12. 89 billion for the same. The latter guideline could absorb a part of the reduction in incremental credit provisioning resulting from the earlier relaxation. ICRA Research Credit costs may decline from 2010-11 levels Credit provisioning for 2011-12 would be impacted positively by changes in the RBI norms.35-0. the RBI asked banks to increase the provisioning coverage ratio (including technical write-offs) to 70% by September 2010 and maintain the same subsequently. after reporting a declining trend over the years. issued by the RBI in May 2011.49% 1. depending on the credit off-take. the figure had stood at 0. during 2010-11. their operating expenses are unlikely to decline.2% of opening standard assets and private banks of 1. if PSBs amortise only 20% (minimum required) of the total liability. Table 5: Trend in Credit Provisioning of PSBs and Private banks Credit provision9 as % average credit Credit provision as % average total assets (ATA) of of 2008-09 Private banks 0. 100 billion each year (as against the total provision of around Rs. So. as is scheduled. these guidelines could lead to credit provisioning of 0. However. 9 Including standard asset provisioning Page 10 ICRA Rating Services . depending on fresh slippages.00% 0.79% PSBs 0. largely because of lower fresh slippages.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 (which are not as dynamically aligned to variable benchmark rates as loans to other sectors) increases and also if interest rates on SB deposits are deregulated. As for slippages.90% 2010-11 Private banks 1.30% 0.
3% as on March 31. An increase in the proportion of infrastructure loans (from the current 14% of domestic credit) and deregulation of saving rates could worsen the asset-liability management (ALM) profile and increase the interest rate sensitivity of banks.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 Profitability may remain in line with long-term trends The profitability (PAT as a percentage of Total Assets) of SCBs has been stable at 0. The vulnerability of banks because of their increasing exposure to State power utilities is likely to increase. The credit profiles of borrowers could weaken in 2011-12 because of a tight liquidity situation.9-1. PSBs reported a Return on Net Worth of around 18%. However. depreciation on investments because of rising yields (50-75 bps from the March 31. despite the high levels of operating expense. Subsequently. some of the fast-growing small private sector banks may need Tier I capital over short to medium term. ICRA Rating Services Page 11 .00% 10. etc.00% FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 around 1. the profitability (PAT/Average Total Assets) of the PSBs has been lower (at around 0. higher interest rates. During 2010-11. Indian banks continue to enjoy a comfortable capitalisation as compared with existing RBI norms with their Tier I capital close to 9%.) may lead to a dip in the NIM in the first half of 2011-12.00% 15. Going forward. a temporary slack in credit growth (typical in the first half) Gearing (times) for PSBs (RHS) Gearing (times) for private banks (RHS) and adjustments in lending rates (to incorporate a higher rate on saving Source: RBI. However.) may lead to a dip in the NIM in the first half of 2011-12. depending on the credit off-take. despite lower profitability. Thus.45% of Average Total Assets as against 0. unless tariffs are revised upwards. none of the PSBs may need significant Tier I capital in the short term. and private banks of around 14%. banks are expected to report good core profitability.7% range.00% 5. the NIM could recover. However.1% over the last five years. which could however recover subsequently. these may not reflect in the Gross NPA percentage as there may be some regulatory respite. depending on the credit off-take.00% 20. At the same time however. given their reasonable NIMs and lower credit provisions. Further. 2011. apart from SBI.35-0. the return indicators (Return on Net Worth) of the PSBs remain higher than those of private banks primarily because of higher leveraging. as against 2. etc.3-2. The Gross NPA percentage (for PSBs and private sector banks) may remain in the 2. Overall. However.9%) than that of private banks (at Chart 7: Trend in Profitability and Gearing 25. the cost of funds could go up partly because of the increase in the saving bank rate (by 5-15 bps) and partly because of higher incremental costs.4%) over the same period. incremental credit provisions for 2011-12 could reduce to 0. 2011 levels) could pull down profitability by 5-10 bps. ICRA Research deposits. following regulatory relaxations. and moderation in GDP growth rate. Annual Report/Results of banks. A temporary slack in credit growth (as is typically seen in the first half of financial year) and adjustment in the lending rate (to incorporate the higher rate on saving deposits. Return on net worth % for PSBs Return on net worth % for private banks Summing up For SCBs.6% in 2010-11.00% 0.
42 3.07 5.82 6.13 4.47 7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Name of the bank Allahabad bank Andhra Bank Bank of Baroda Bank of India Bank of Maharashtra Canara Bank Central Bank of India Corporation Bank Dena Bank Indian Bank Indian Overseas Bank Oriental Bank of Commerce Punjab National Bank Punjab & Sind Bank State Bank of Hyderabad State Bank of Patiala State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur State Bank of Mysore State Bank of Travancore Syndicate Bank UCO Bank Union Bank of India United Bank of India Vijaya Bank Total of 24 PSBs Source: Annual Report/Results of banks.58 4.Indian Banking Sector: Challenges unlikely to derail the progress made June 2011 Annexure 1: Unamortised pension/ gratuity liability as on March 31. 2011 Un-amortised pension and gratuity as on Mar-11 (Rs.08 1.89 6.12 3.40 16.47 3.04 6.84 26.76 203. ICRA Research ICRA Rating Services Page 12 .37 Unamortised liability as % net worth 7% 8% 7% 13% 12% 11% 13% 6% 9% 10% 10% 7% 13% 21% 5% 16% 11% 3% 16% 9% 11% 15% 10% 14% 11% S No.06 14.61 2. billion) 5.38 5.28 11.82 4.98 5.64 21.59 7.83 8.10 20.
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