Source: http://www.gulf-aviation.net/Flight-School/FAQ
Timestamp: 2013-06-19 05:07:28
Document Index: 638540242

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 61', 'art 61', 'art 61', 'art 121', 'art 135', 'art 141', 'art 91', 'art 91', 'art 61', 'art 91']

FAQ - Gulf Aviation Air Chartering
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>Flight Instructions
>Is There Any Requirements I Must Meet to Learn to Fly?
>Private Pilot
>What Should I Expect in my Pilot Training?
>What Kind of Equipment Will I need to Purchase?
Cessna Pilot Center (CPC) kit Other Options
>How Much Will Earning My Private Pilot's License Cost?
Flight Time Beginning Equipment Costs
>Instrument Rating
>What Can I Expect in my Instrument Training?
>How Much Will Completing My Instrument Rating Cost?
Your cost will vary on several factors
>Commercial Pilot
>Certified Flight Instructor
>Complex and High Performance Endorsements
>Flight Review Information (BFR)
When is a Flight Review is Required?
Satisfactory completion of any phase of the FAA �Wings� Program
>Instrument Proficiency Check Information
>Pertinent Regulations Which Should be Covered
Pertinent Sections of the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Which Should be Covered
Gulf Aviation is authorized to teach as a Part 61 flight school, meaning that we train students under the government regulation 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 61. So, what does this mean to you as a beginning flyer?
Regulations require that a person be 16 years old to solo (fly alone in the airplane) and 17 to earn a license, however there is no age restriction as to when you may begin flight training. On the other side of the coin, there are no age restrictions that requires you to stop flying either. As long as you can obtain a medical certificate then you may fly. If you cannot obtain a medical certificate, you will not be preempted from flying totally, as you may still fly with an instructor.
There is a requirement by the FAA for you to be able to read, write, speak, and understand English. If this may be an issue for you, you will need to take steps to further your communication abilities. Options that may help include: hiring a language tutor, taking English language lessons through a school (i.e. the Berlitz language school or local university), purchasing books concerning radio calls, or even purchasing a transceiver with air frequency capabilities (this will allow you to listen to pilot/controller communications while remaining on the ground). One way or another, you must be able to understand radio calls to you and other aircraft, as well as to be able to respond to them in a timely manner. Medical Requirements
The FAA requires that every pilot have a medical certificate given by an FAA Aviation Medical Examiner to act as Pilot in Command of an airplane. As a beginning pilot, your medical certificate will also double as your Student Pilot Certificate, which you will need to solo (fly alone). There are three types of medical certificates you may obtain: a First Class, Second Class, or Third Class. For your first medical you will want to determine the type of flying you plan to do. If you plan to obtain all of your flight certificates and try a commercial career in aviation, then you will want to obtain a First Class medical. Most commercial operators require a First Class medical, so it's a good idea to pass a first class medical exam early on in your training. By obtaining your medical right from the start, you know you can pass the medical requirements to fly commercially. If you plan to use your licenses mainly for recreational purposes, however, then a Third Class Medical will suit you just fine.
The general progression of earning flight certificates and ratings goes as follows, although there are many routes you may choose. A person will first earn his/her Private Pilot Certificate, which will give him/her the privileges of: flying alone or with family and friends in good weather. You may learn in a single-engine airplane or a multi-engine airplane, however whichever you learn in will limit you to use of that category of airplane once you complete your certificate (at least until you complete an exam with an FAA examiner in the other type of airplane). Most people choose single-engine, as it is a good deal less expensive. A Private Pilot is not allowed to fly for compensation or hire, to fly in and out of clouds or fog, or even fly in areas of very low visibility. This means that he/she is limited to some of the things they can do, mainly due to safety-related reasons. The next step is normally to obtain an Instrument Rating. Basically this is an amendment to your Private Pilot License that says you may now fly in and out of clouds and low visibility, because you have advanced training in using and relying on only your instruments to fly. It is not another license though, and therefore you are still limited to the restrictions of your Private Pilot's License of not being able to fly for hire. Many people finish this rating and stop here, as this gives them the capability to fly for fun in bad weather or good weather.
If you like to teach people, you may want to become an instructor (Certified Flight Instructor-CFI). This is also a great way to build experience and flight hours to reach another goal (i.e. the airlines or corporate flying), and it allows you to teach people to become Private or Commercial Pilots. If you want to teach Instrument students you will want to get an Instrument Rating attached to your Flight Instructor Certificate (Certified Flight Instructor Instrument-CFII). The last of the instructor certificates is your Multi-engine Instructor Certificate (MEI) which allows you to instruct in multi-engine aircraft. How Many Hours are Airlines or Corporate Companies Typically Looking for in Job Applicants?
The general course of action each instructor will take is to start you flying immediately. You will learn how the airplane handles (turning, climbing, descending), what are its characteristics (in different airspeeds, altitudes, and temperatures), what to do in case of emergencies, what to say on the radios, and how to take-off and land the airplane. This will be done through the completion of various maneuvers, demonstrated by your instructor and practiced by you. Once you are capable of completing certain maneuvers, communicating on the radio, and have shown that you can consistently land the airplane on your own, your instructor will solo you. Yes, this means that you will be flying the airplane by yourself! This is a milestone for most people, and very rewarding for everyone involved! You will probably then complete several local solo flights before starting a new phase of your training. Up until now, you will have stayed in the vicinity of your local airport. In this new phase, you will be completing trips to new airports with your instructor, which are called cross-country trips. These are usually fun trips, and can be taken to most anywhere (the only requirement is that the airport is at least 50 nautical miles away). Many people choose their destinations based on where the best airport restaurants are located, where there are museums, friends, etc. Once you have mastered this, you will once again be on your own for a couple of solo cross-country trips. At some point during this time you will be introduced to night flying with your instructor, and will complete not only a local night flight but also a night cross-country. At this point, you are now beginning the last phase of your training, which is review and preparation for your check ride.
These will range in price depending on the brand you buy as well as the features each have. Before you buy a set, you will want to consider the amount of flying you plan to be doing over the next several years. You will want to pick out a set based on comfort (try it on!!) and quality of hearing, as an uncomfortable and scratchy sounding set can make what would have been a terrific flight turn into a disaster. Features Some headsets have a feature known as Active Noise Reduction (ANR), which considerably reduces the background noise in the airplane. Although these headsets are a little more expensive than other headsets, in the long run it is a great investment for your ears. Brands
One brand is not necessarily better than another, however you will want to talk to other pilots and discover what their preferences are. Ultimately the decision is yours to make! Some common brands are: David Clark, Avcomm, Denali, Peltor, LightSpeed, Telex, and Bose. $100 - $1000 Cessna Pilot Center (CPC) kit
Included in this kit is some vital equipment to the beginning flyer. Although the actual flying is fairly straightforward, the knowledge side of things is what most people struggle with, due to the sheer amount you are expected to learn. Cessna has come out with a CD-ROM kit which turns the reading into video clips, and takes you through the learning process in an interesting and interactive manner. You are able to complete the lessons between flights at your leisure, and repeat video clips as many times as you want. Once you finish a lesson, you can bring a disk in for your flight instructor to download, which provides an excellent opportunity for the two of you to discuss questions you may have had. Also included in the kit is a Private Pilot Handbook (to go along with the 27 CD-ROM set) as well as a syllabus to keep track of what you will be doing on your flights. Other items which you will need that are included: Pilot’s Operating Handbook (for the type of airplane you choose to do your training on) and Safety Supplement FAR/AIM (Federal Aviation Regulations/Aeronautical Information Manual) CD-ROM Private Pilot Practical Test Standards (PTS) book (this tells you what maneuvers you will need to perform on your check ride and what parameters you need to perform within) E6B Flight Computer and Navigation Plotter Pilot Logbook Student Pilot Kit bag Graduation Certificate Other Options
For the beginning flyer without a computer, Jeppesen and other product lines offer excellent training aids which include all you will need in book form.. Private Pilot Manual Private Pilot Syllabus Private Pilot Maneuvers Manual
Book and CD-ROM Private Pilot Practical Test Standards (PTS) and Oral Exam Study Guide E6B
Flight Computer and Navigation Plotter Pilot Logbook Student Pilot Kit bag Fuel Strainer Presolo Written Exam $260 Fuel Strainer (included in the Jeppesen kit) There are several kinds available, however the most handy seems to be the one with the screw driver on the end of it $5 - $7 Kneeboard $30 - $40 Flashlight with red, green, or blue filter on it $22-$28 1 Sectionals (maps) - Brownville $8.00 1 Terminal Area Chart (map) – San Antonio Area $4 Airport Facility Directory – SE Region $5 Private Oral Exam Guide (included in the Jeppesen kit) Published by ASA, written by Michael D. Hayes $10 Private Pilot FAA Written Exam, Published by Gleim $16 Pilot’s Operating Handbook, for your type of airplane (included in the Cessna Pilot Kit) Actual prices may vary, these are estimates only. Taxes are not included. $25-$40 How Much Will Earning My Private Pilot's License Cost?
There are several costs associated with obtaining your pilot’s license. The first is the actual instruction/airplane time, the next is the amount you spend on equipment, and the last is the cost of your medical certificate. Since all of these factors vary depending upon the person, each are discussed in detail below. The average you can expect to pay (including equipment you need) will be approximately $4,500 to $6,500, but remember that this is only an average and can vary up or down. Flight Time
Concerning frequency, a person will retain more information if lessons are completed regularly rather than once a month. Therefore, it goes to follow that someone who flies regularly will be less likely to repeat lessons (due to a higher retention rate), and in the long run, will spend less money. The amount of flight instruction a person needs will depend upon each particular person (including factors such as: the amount one has studied as well as the frequency with which one flies). The amount of ground instruction a person will need also varies, based on the type of kit selected (CPC or Jeppesen) and the amount of studying one does on their own. You must also remember that every flight will include varying portions of ground instruction time as you will do a briefing before and after each flight with your instructor. Below is a rough estimate of costs you will incur in several types of airplanes, using the average number of hours a pilot normally acquires (55 hours total – 45 dual and 10 solo), and a minimum of ground time (25 hours). There is also a fee for your written exam and your check ride at the end of your course, which will average about $320. Remember that these numbers will vary lower or higher depending on the FAA examiner conducting the test/exam:
Cessna 152 $4,990 (minimum $3,835) Cessna 172 VFR $5,640 (minimum $4,110) * ALL PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
Beginning equipment costs will vary depending on your choices of equipment, but an estimate could range from approximately $370 to $1,390. On a following page is a list of equipment a beginner will need to purchase, and some helpful hints concerning each. Some of the items may not need to be purchased immediately (i.e. the maps and airport facility directory) but will need to be purchased soon after starting to fly. Medical Costs
You will need a medical certificate, which will cost anywhere from approximately $70 to $130. How long will it take?
You are able to complete a pilot’s certificate at your convenience. Therefore, you may be done in as short a period as one month or as long a period of time as you desire. It is up to you and your schedule as to what amount of time you are willing to devote to flying and studying. People who complete the certificate in one month generally fly twice a day and study in their spare time, however people who finish in three to four months may be flying three times per week. Someone who uses one year or more to complete their license may be flying once a week or less. What you will want to do is sit down with your instructor and discuss your goals, as well as the amount of time you intend to put into the certificate. From there, the two of you can set a reasonable course of action.
This rating allows you greater flexibility as a pilot, and increases you skill at controlling an aircraft. The addition of this rating also provides a higher element of safety. Over the past years, the number one cause for general aviation accidents has been a result of continued flight into deteriorating weather conditions. A pilot with who is certified with this rating is more prepared when weather conditions deteriorate. They have a better understanding of how to avoid unsafe weather and are able to safely and legally fly through clouds or dense fog when it cannot be avoided. Now that you have accomplished your Private Pilot Certificate, you are familiar with the FAA’s system of obtaining certificates. Earning your instrument rating is similar to your previous license in that you must take both a knowledge (written) and a practical test. Once again you will have certain maneuvers that you are expected to perform, and you will be given specific parameters to perform within. The examiner is looking to ensure that you will make a safe and competent pilot, that you have good judgement, and can be flexible with your environment.
To begin your instrument training, your instructor will teach you the basics of relying on your instruments. This involves flying “under the hood,” in other words with a view limiting device on that do not allow you to see outside. Your instructor will be your eyes outside while you practice looking inside. You will learn how to efficiently scan all of your instruments and practice maneuvers such as constant rate climbs and descents, turns to headings, and timed turns. Once you are adjusted to flying under the hood, you will begin a whole new facet of aviation. You will be introduced to flying several types of approaches and holding by using your instruments only. This is a new experience for all, and although very exciting it does require a good amount of concentration to begin with. As you improve, you will find it much easier.
As you did in your Private Pilot’s license, you will learn to fly a cross-country (more than 50 nautical miles), only this time with reliance only on your instruments. Unlike your Private Pilot’s License you are not required to do any solo flights under the hood. At this point, you are now beginning the last phase of your training, which is review and preparation for your check ride.
Included in this kit is some vital information for the beginning instrument student. As it was in your Private Pilot course, the actual flying is fairly straightforward with the knowledge side of things more of struggle, due to the sheer amount you are expected to learn. Cessna has come out with a CD-ROM kit which turns the reading into video clips, and takes you through it in an interesting and interactive manner. You are able to complete the lessons between flights at your leisure, and repeat video clips as many times as you want. Once you finish a lesson, you can bring a disk in for your flight instructor to download, which provides an excellent opportunity for the two of you to discuss questions you may have had. Included in the kit is: A set of 23 CD-ROMs Instrument Manual Instrument Rating Syllabus IFR Flight Organizer (includes plastic covers for approach plates and instrument cross-country flight plans, all together in a notebook) Pilot’s Operating Handbook (for the airplane specifically that you will be flying) Instrument Rating Practical Test Standards With this option you would also need to purchase the following: $259 Foggles, a hood, or other view limiting device $13-$30 Instrument Flying: FAA Written Exam, published by Gleim $19 FAA Instrument Flying Handbook $12 Another option would be to purchase the Jeppesen products, including: Jeppesen FliteSchool – this is a set of CD-ROMs which take you through the knowledge you need to become instrument rated, an allow you to take practice tests as well. Jeppesen Instrument/Commercial Manual $72 In addition you would also need to purchase the following: Foggles, a hood, or other view limiting device $13-30 Instrument Flying: FAA Written Exam, published by Gleim $19 FAA Instrument Flying Handbook $12 Check ride $200 * ALL PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
4) How you obtain some of the flight time required by regulations. Instrument flight training is offered in a variety of aircraft, and each type has a different cost associated with it. The reasons for this are different sizes of aircraft and different equipment levels. Concerning frequency, a person will retain more information if lessons are completed regularly rather than once a month. Therefore, it goes to follow that someone who flies regularly will be less likely to repeat lessons (due to a higher retention rate), and in the long run, will spend less money. The amount of flight instruction a person needs will depend upon each particular person (including factors such as: the amount one has studied as well as the frequency with which one flies). The amount of ground instruction a person will need also varies, based on the type of kit selected (CPC or Jeppesen) and the amount of studying one does on their own. You must also remember that every flight will include varying portions of ground instruction time as you will do a briefing before and after each flight with your instructor. As far as flight time is concerned, regulations require you to have:
50 hours logged as Pilot in Command Cross-Country time, however 10 of these must be in an airplane towards an instrument rating. 40 hours of actual or simulated instrument time, which include: 15 hours of instrument flight training time with an authorized instructor in an aircraft category for which that rating is sought 3 hours of instrument training from an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test (within the preceding 60 days of date of test) Instrument flight training on cross-country flight procedures specific to airplanes, including at least one IFR cross-country that is at least 250 nautical miles (along airways or ATC directed routing) with an instrument approach at each airport
at least 3 different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems. Now, this is the tough part to estimate, as everyone reaches the point of getting an instrument rating with different levels of flight experience and times. Each person will want to sit down with an instructor to evaluate what times they already have, and what type of instruction they will need to obtain in order to figure out what their particular cost may be. Here, we’ll give you a very generalized estimate as to the price you will be looking at.
The amount of ground instruction a person will need also varies, based on the type of kit selected (CPC or Jeppesen) and the amount of studying one does on their own. You must also remember that every flight will include varying portions of ground instruction time as you will do a briefing before and after each flight with your instructor. Below is a rough estimate of costs you will incur in several types of airplanes, using the average number of hours a pilot normally acquires (55 dual given, plus 10 dual given in the simulator), and a minimum of ground time (40 hours). The very minimum estimate is given in parentheses, which gives you only 45 hours dual given in an airplane, plus the ground time and fees. There is also a fee for your written exam and your check ride at the end of your course, which will average about $320. Remember that these numbers will vary lower or higher depending on the person.
Cessna 172 VFR $7,545 (very minimum $6,115) Cessna 172 IFR $8,260 (very minimum $6,700) * PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
You may complete this certificate in either a single-engine airplane or a multi-engine airplane, however it is the least expensive to complete in a single-engine. Therefore, this is written from the perspective of gaining your certificate in a single-engine plane. If your career goals are aiming towards the airlines, you may want to consider obtaining the most time possible in a twin, and therefore obtaining a multi-engine Commercial certificate. Once again you will want to sit down with your instructor and discuss your goals in order to come up with a reasonable course for you. At this point, you are semi-familiar with the FAA’s system of obtaining certificates. Earning your commercial certificate is similar to your previous license (or rating) in that you must take both a knowledge (written) and a practical test. Once again you will have certain maneuvers that you are expected to perform, and you will be given specific parameters to perform within. The examiner is looking to ensure that you will make a safe and competent pilot, that you have good judgment, and can be flexible with your environment.
What Can I Expect in my Instrument Training? Flying
100 hours in powered aircraft, 50 of those must be in airplanes 100 hours of Pilot in Command (PIC) time of which: 50 hours must be in airplanes, 50 hours of cross-country flight time (10 hours must be in airplanes) 20 hours flight training of which must include: 10 hours of instrument training (5 of those must be in a single-engine airplane) 10 hours must be in a complex or turbine powered airplane one day VFR cross-country of at least 2 hours in a single engine airplane (must be more than 10 nautical miles from original point of departure) one night VFR cross-country of at least 2 hours in a single-engine airplane (must be more than 10 nautical miles from original point of departure) 3 hours in a single-engine airplane in preparation for the practical test within the 60 day period before the date of the test 10 hours of solo flight in a single-engine airplane which must include: one cross-country flight of no less than 300 nautical miles total distance, with landings at a minimum of 3 points-one of which is straight-line distance of at least 250 nautical miles from the original departure point 5 hours of night VFR including 10 take-offs and landings at an airport with an operating control tower. Your Written Exam and Check Ride The written exam should be completed several weeks before finishing your flying, and is fairly straightforward. It is a multiple choice computerized exam, consisting of 100 questions for which you are allotted three hours to complete. What makes this test straightforward is that the questions are selected from an FAA bank of approximately 600 questions, which are all published. As long as you review the questions and take some practice tests, you will be prepared for your written exam.
You are able to complete a your Commercial Certificate rating at your convenience. Therefore, you may be done in as short a period as two months or as long a period of time as you desire. It is up to you and your schedule as to what amount of time you are willing to devote to flying and studying. As an example, a person that completes his/her certificate in two months may be flying every day, whereas someone who completes their certificate in a longer amount of time may be flying three days a week or less. What you will want to do is sit down with your instructor and discuss your goals, as well as the amount of time you intend to put into the certificate. From there, the two of you can set a reasonable course of action.
Here we will create a rough example of cost range. Assuming you have taken the average amount of time to complete your Private Pilot’s license and Instrument Rating, you will have 110 hours of flight time. Therefore you will need 140 more hours, with at least 20 hours of instruction time. Most of that instruction time should be in a complex airplane. Now, assuming that you fly: 120 hours in the least expensive type of airplane (Cessna 152) 20 hours with an instructor in a complex airplane (Cessna 172 RG) ground instruction time equals 25 hours (average amount of time required) written and practical test fees at the end average $320 Based on these factors a rough cost of $9,500 is totaled up. If you fly 120 hours in a Cessna 172 instead of 152, you will range from a total cost of $12,500 to $14,900. However, everyone will have different costs based on their choices of airplanes and amounts of instruction time. How will I be able to pay for my Commercial Certificate?
If you do not have ready access to a computer, you should you should look into purchasing the Jeppesen Instrument/Commercial Manual, as well as Gleim’s FAA Commercial Written Exam and a current FAR/AIM. This option will average approximately $130. Certified Flight Instructor
Once you have your Commercial certificate, you will be able to move on to obtain you instructor certificates, which include: Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) – This allows you to instruct Private and Commercial applicants, as well as to perform flight reviews, all in a single-engine airplane. Certified Flight Instructor Instrument (CFII) – This allows you to instruct Instrument Rating applicants in a single-engine or multi-engine airplane (whichever you are rated to instruct in). Must I complete my CFI certificate first?
Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) FAA Written Exam, published by Gleim $13 Flight/Ground Instructor (FIA) FAA Written Exam, published by Gleim $15 Instrument Pilot FAA Written Exam, published by Gleim $19 Aviation Instructor’s Handbook, published by the FAA (FAA-H-8083-9) $17 Flight Instructor for Airplane/Multi-engine Land and Sea PTS, published by ASA (FAA-S-8081-6AM) $5 Flight Instructor Instrument for Airplane and Helicopter, published by ASA (FAA-S-8081-9A) $5 Certified Flight Instructor Oral Exam Guide by Michael D. Hayes (ASA-OEG-CF13) $10 Highly Recommended: The Flight Instructor’s Manual, by William Kershner $33 Flight Instructor’s Lesson Plan Handbook, by Edwin Quinlan $60 How much will completing my CFI cost?
There are many different makes and models of airplanes flying in today's skies. Transitioning to one of these aircraft is an easy way to advance your knowledge of aviation without undergoing all the training required for a new license or rating. Although it was great for initial training, the simplicity of a trainer aircraft may now lack the element of challenge. Once you have mastered the operation of a Cessna 172, you may be ready for the higher-cruising speeds and improved performance of, for example, a Cessna 182. A checkout in a high-performance or complex airplane will allow you to operate one of these aircraft as pilot-in-command. To receive this checkout, you simply need instruction and a logbook endorsement that states you are certified to fly complex and/or high-performance aircraft. The definitions of each type of endorsement are listed below, along with the airplanes from our flight line that fit each description. Complex Endorsement
When is a Flight Review is Required? (BFR) Every pilot must complete a Flight Review within the preceding 24 calendar months to act as Pilot in Command (PIC) whether flying solo or carrying passengers, except when one of the following items has been completed:
Satisfactory completion of any phase of the FAA “Wings” Program:
One phase generally requires 3 flight hours with an instructor covering specified areas, as well as the attendance of a Safety Briefing/Program. See attached Application for more information. Check ride for any certificate or rating 14 CFR Part 61.58 pilot proficiency check 14 CFR Part 121 pilot proficiency check 14 CFR Part 135 pilot proficiency check 14 CFR Part 141 chief pilot proficiency check Military pilot proficiency check Any proficiency check administered by the FAA Pilot examiner annual flight check Procedures specifically authorized by the FAA Any of the previously listed checks can exempt a pilot from completing a flight review. A pilot certificate is still valid if none of these has been accomplished, however the pilot cannot act as PIC until the review (or alternative) is completed. No written exam is required. One flight review will allow the pilot to act as PIC in any category or class that he/she is rated in. If the pilot is also Instrument rated, a Flight Review may not substitute the Instrument Competency Check, however the two checks can be combined. Is a Current Medical Certificate required to complete a Review?
Current FAR/AIM Guide to the Biennial Flight Review by Jackie Spanitz, published by ASA Biennial Flight Review, published by Flight Bag Series, FTP-BFR-1
As per 14 CFR 61.56, a flight review consists of a minimum of one hour of flight training, and one hour ground training. The one hour of ground training will consist of: a review of the current general operating and flight rules of Part 91 a review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate. The flight review is not an exam to be passed or failed, however it is something to refresh the pilot’s skills and knowledge with a current instructor. If, in the judgment of the instructor, the pilot needs more instruction to be safe, the flight and ground training will be logged as dual time. The flight review endorsement will be given only when the instructor is comfortable that the pilot’s knowledge and skill level is enough to make them safe and competent in the air. Pertinent regulations in Part 91 which should be covered:
91.7 Civil Aircraft Airworthiness 91.9 Civil Aircraft Manual, Marking, and Placard Requirements 91.13 Careless or Reckless Operation 91.15 Dropping Objects 91.17 Alcohol or Drugs 91.25 Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against use of Reports for Enforcement Purposes 91.103 Preflight Action 91.107 Use of Safety Belts, Shoulder Harnesses, and Child Restraint Systems 91.111 Operating Near Other Aircraft 91.113 Right-of-Way Rules: Except Water Operations 91.117 Aircraft Speed 91.119 Minimum Safe Altitudes: General 91.121 Altimeter Settings 91.123 Compliance with ATC Clearances and Instructions 91.125 ATC Light Signals 91.126 Operating on or in the Vicinity of an Airport in Class G Airspace 91.127 Operating on or in the Vicinity of an Airport in Class E Airspace 91.129 Operations in Class D Airspace 91.130 Operations in Class C Airspace 91.131 Operations in Class B Airspace 91.133 Restricted and Prohibited Areas 91.135 Operations in Class A Airspace 91.137 Temporary Flight Restrictions (NOTAMS) 91.151 Fuel Requirements for Flight in VFR Conditions 91.153 VFR Flight plan: Information Required 91.155 Basic VFR Weather Minimums 91.157 Special VFR Weather Minimums 91.159 VFR Cruising Altitude of Flight Level 91.203 Civil Aircraft: Certifications Required 91.205 Powered Civil Aircraft with Standard Category U.S. Airworthiness Certificates: Instrument and Equipment Requirements 91.207 Emergency Locator Transmitters 91.211 Supplemental Oxygen 91.213 Inoperative Instruments and Equipment 91.215 ATC Transponder and Altitude Reporting Equipment and Use 91.303 Aerobatic Flight 91.307 Use of Parachutes 91.409 Inspections 91.413 ATC Transponder Tests and Inspections Other Areas of Discussion:
Sectionals: All types of Airspace, MTRs Weight and Balance computation Aircraft Loading Density Altitude and it’s effects Spin Composition and Recovery Weather: Theory, Reports, Weather Briefings, Airmets, Sigmets Air Traffic Control Communication: Towered and Non-Towered Airports Maneuvers and Procedures:
Maneuvers: Steep Turns Slow Flight/Minimum Controllable Airspeed Power-On Stalls Power-Off Stalls Accelerated Stalls Unusual Attitudes Basic Instrument flying: Straight and Level, Turns, Climbs, Descents under the hood Take-offs and Landings: Short Field Take-off Short Field Landing Soft Field Take-off Soft Field Landing Crosswind Take-off Crosswind Landing Go-Arounds Touch and Go’s Emergency Procedures: Engine failures – on take-off, in flight, forced landing procedures Lost Communications Endorsement Given:
CFI Printed Name and Signature, Certificate number and Expiration Date Instrument Proficiency Check Information
Current FAR/AIM Instrument Flight Review, published by Flight Bag Series, FTP-IFR-1 What an IPC Entails
Maneuvers: Preflight/Taxi Checks Check all Instruments/Set up airplane ATC Clearances and Procedures Departure Procedures (DP’s) Approaches VOR ILS NDB Localizer Procedure Turns DME Arc STAR’s Missed Approach procedures Basic Attitude Instrument Flying Straight and Level Trimming Airspeed Changes in Level Flight Standard Rate Level Altitude Turns Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents Constant Rate Climbs and Descents Turning Climbs and Descents Steep Turns Stall Recoveries Unusual Attitude Recoveries Partial Panel Operations Flying by the Magnetic Compass/Timed Turns VOR/NDB Orientation: Interception/Navigation/Tracking Holding VOR NDB Intersection Use recommended entries and wind corrections Emergency Procedures Lost Communications Alternator Failure Pertinent Regulations Which Should be Covered: Part 61
61.3 Requirement for Certificates, Ratings, and Authorizations 61.45 Practical Tests: Required Aircraft and Equipment 61.51 Pilot Logbooks 61.57 Recent Flight Experience: Pilot in Command 61.65 Instrument Rating Requirements Part 91
91.7 Civil Aircraft Airworthiness 91.9 Civil Aircraft Flight Manual, Marking, and Placard Requirements 91.13 Careless or Reckless Operation 91.21 Portable Electronic Devices 91.103 Preflight Action 91.109 Flight Instruction: Simulated Instrument Flight and Certain Flight Tests 91.117 Aircraft Speed 91.125 ATC Light Signals 91.131 Operation in Class B Airspace 91.155 Basic VFR Weather Minimums 91.157 Special VFR Weather Minimums 91.167 Fuel Requirements for Flight in IFR Conditions 91.169 IFR Flight Plan: Information Required 91.171 VOR Equipment Check for IFR Operations 91.173 ATC Clearance and Flight Plan Required 91.175 Takeoff and Landing under IFR 91.177 Minimum Altitudes for IFR Operations 91.179 IFR Cruising Altitude or Flight Level 91.183 IFR Radio Communications 91.181 Course to be Flown 91.185 IFR Operations: Two-way radio Communications Failure 91.187 Operation under IFR in Controlled Airspace: Malfunction Reports 91.203 Civil Aircraft: Certifications Required 91.205 Powered Civil Aircraft with Standard Category U.S. Airworthiness Certificates: Instrument and Equipment Requirements 91.207 Emergency Locator Transmitters 91.211 Supplemental Oxygen 91.213 Inoperative Instruments and Equipment 91.215 ATC Transponder and Altitude Reporting Equipment and Use 91.409 Inspections 91.411 Altimeter System and Altitude Reporting Equipment Tests and Inspections 91.413 ATC Transponder Tests and Inspections 91.527 Operating in Icing Conditions Pertinent Sections of the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Which Should be Covered:
Chapter 2 section 1 – Airport Lighting and Other Visual Aids Chapter 5 section 2 – Departure Procedures Clearances Restrictions/Void Times/etc Chapter 5 section 3 – Enroute Procedures Communications Position Reporting Airways Holding Chapter 5 section 4 – Arrival Procedures Approach Procedures Clearances Procedure Turns Radar ILS Approaches Minimums Missed/Contact/Visual Approaches Chapter 5 section 5 – Pilot/Controller Responsibilities Clearances Safety – Speed adjustments/Traffic Advisories/Separations VFR – on – Top Chapter 6 section 4 – Two-way Radio Communications Failure Chapter 7 section 1 – Meteorology
Segments of an instrument approach IFR Charts/Approach Plates/Departure Procedures Weather: Theory, Reports, Weather Briefings, Airmets, Sigmets Communications Instrument Mechanics: Pitot-Static System/Gyroscopes Magnetic Compass and Errors Endorsement Given
Aircraft and Instruction Rates Aircraft Rental Rate (solo) Rental Rate (including instructor) Single-Engine: Primary Instruction:
Cessna 172 $ 88/hr Cessna 162 $ 98/hr Cessna 172 RG $ 128/hr FLIGHT INSTRUCTION $ 45.00/hr
All Rental Rates Include Fuel and Oil Miscellaneous:
Instructor Fee $45 for all ground and flight instruction Discovery Flight $65 for an hour introductory flight in a Cessna 172 Headset Rental $2.50/hr. Fuel Reimbursement will be at our posted fuel price with a purchase receipt.
Extended Rental Policy When reserving an aircraft for a period of 24 hours or more, the renter must fly an average of at least 3 hours per 24 hour period of rental or 15 hours per week of rental. If these minimums are not met, the renter will be charged as such. Payment Methods:
For overnight rental of aircraft, we require that you have money on account or a credit card on file. **All prices are subject to change without prior notice**