Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title33-chapter51&saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUzMy1zZWN0aW9uMzg0Mw%3D%3D%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2020-08-14 15:25:10
Document Index: 167236370

Matched Legal Cases: ['§3801', '§1011', '§1', '§1', '§3803', '§1013', '§2401', '§3804', '§1014', '§3805', '§1015', '§3821', '§1021', '§2401', '§3822', '§1022', '§3823', '§1023', '§3824', '§1024', '§3825', '§1025', '§3826', '§1026', '§3841', '§1031', '§2401', '§3842', '§1032', '§3843', '§1033', '§2401', '§3851', '§1041', '§3853', '§1043', '§1', '§1', '§3854', '§1044', '§3855', '§1045', '§2401', '§3856', '§1046', '§1041', '§2401', '§3857', '§1047']

[USC02] 33 USC Ch. 51: CLEAN HULLS
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33 USC Ch. 51: CLEAN HULLS
CHAPTER 51—CLEAN HULLS
Covered vessels.
Utilization of personnel, facilities or equipment of other Federal departments and agencies.
SUBCHAPTER II—IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION
Other compliance documentation.
Process for considering additional controls.
Scientific and technical research and monitoring; communication and information.
Communication and exchange of information.
SUBCHAPTER III—PROHIBITIONS AND ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY
Investigations and inspections by Secretary.
EPA enforcement.
Additional authority of the Administrator.
SUBCHAPTER IV—ACTION ON VIOLATION, PENALTIES, and REFERRALS
Criminal enforcement.
Liability in rem.
Vessel clearance or permits; refusal or revocation; bond or other surety.
Warnings, detentions, dismissals, exclusion.
Referrals for appropriate action by foreign country.
Remedies not affected.
§3801. Definitions
(2) Antifouling system
The term "antifouling system" means a coating, paint, surface treatment, surface, or device that is used or intended to be used on a vessel to control or prevent attachment of unwanted organisms.
The term "Convention" means the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, 2001, including its annexes, and including any amendments to the Convention or annexes which have entered into force for the United States.
(4) FPSO
The term "FPSO" means a floating production, storage, or offloading unit.
(5) FSU
The term "FSU" means a floating storage unit.
(6) Gross tonnage
The term "gross tonnage" as defined in chapter 143 of title 46 means the gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the tonnage measurement regulations contained in annex 1 to the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969.
(7) International voyage
The term "international voyage" means a voyage by a vessel entitled to fly the flag of one country to or from a port, shipyard, offshore terminal, or other place under the jurisdiction of another country.
(8) Organotin
The term "organotin" means any compound or additive of tin bound to an organic ligand, that is used or intended to be used as biocide in an antifouling system.
The term "person" means—
(A) any individual, partnership, association, corporation, or organized group of persons whether incorporated or not;
(B) any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States, except as provided in section 3802(b)(2) of this title; or
(C) any other government entity.
(11) Sell or distribute
The term "sell or distribute" means to distribute, sell, offer for sale, hold for distribution, hold for sale, hold for shipment, ship, deliver for shipment, release for shipment, import, export, hold for import, hold for export, or receive and (having so received) deliver or offer to deliver.
(12) Vessel
The term "vessel" has the meaning given that term in section 3 of title 1, including hydrofoil boats, air cushion watercraft, submersibles, floating craft, fixed or floating platforms, floating storage units, and floating production, storage, and offloading units.
(13) Territorial sea
The term "territorial sea" means the territorial sea as described in Presidential Proclamation No. 5928 on December 27, 1988.
The term "United States" means the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and any other territory or possession over which the United States has jurisdiction.
(15) Use
The term "use" includes application, reapplication, installation, or any other employment of an antifouling system.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1011, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3023; Pub. L. 111–330, §1(19), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3570.)
Presidential Proclamation No. 5928, referred to in par. (13), is set out under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands.
2010—Par. (9)(B). Pub. L. 111–330 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 3802(b)(2) of this title.
Pub. L. 111–330, §1, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3569, provided that the amendment made by section 1(19) is effective with the enactment of Pub. L. 111–281.
§3803. Administration and enforcement
Unless otherwise specified in this chapter, with respect to a vessel, the Secretary shall administer and enforce the Convention and this chapter.
Except with respect to section 3841(b) and (c) of this title, the Administrator shall administer and enforce subchapter III.
The Administrator and the Secretary may each prescribe and enforce regulations as may be necessary to carry out their respective responsibilities under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1013, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3025.)
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), was in the original "this title", meaning title X of Pub. L. 111–281, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3023, which enacted this chapter and repealed chapter 37 (§2401 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title X to the Code, see Tables.
§3804. Compliance with international law
Any action taken under this chapter shall be taken in accordance with treaties to which the United States is a party and other international obligations of the United States.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1014, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3025.)
§3805. Utilization of personnel, facilities or equipment of other Federal departments and agencies
The Secretary and the Administrator may utilize by agreement, with or without reimbursement, personnel, facilities, or equipment of other Federal departments and agencies in administering the Convention, this chapter, or any regulations prescribed under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1015, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3025.)
§3821. Certificates
(a) Certificate required
On entry into force of the Convention for the United States, any vessel of at least 400 gross tons that engages in one or more international voyages (except fixed or floating platforms, FSUs, and FPSOs) shall carry an International Antifouling System Certificate.
(b) Issuance of Certificate
On entry into force of the Convention, on a finding that a successful survey required by the Convention has been completed, a vessel of at least 400 gross tons that engages in at least one international voyage (except fixed or floating platforms, FSUs, and FPSOs) shall be issued an International Antifouling System Certificate. The Secretary may issue the Certificate required by this section. The Secretary may delegate this authority to an organization that the Secretary determines is qualified to undertake that responsibility.
(c) Maintenance of Certificate
The Certificate required by this section shall be maintained as required by the Secretary.
(d) Certificates issued by other party countries
A Certificate issued by any country that is a party to the Convention has the same validity as a Certificate issued by the Secretary under this section.
(e) Vessels of nonparty countries
Notwithstanding subsection (a), a vessel of at least 400 gross tons, having the nationality of or entitled to fly the flag of a country that is not a party to the Convention, may demonstrate compliance with this chapter through other appropriate documentation considered acceptable by the Secretary.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1021, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3025.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (e), was in the original "this title", meaning title X of Pub. L. 111–281, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3023, which enacted this chapter and repealed chapter 37 (§2401 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title X to the Code, see Tables.
§3822. Declaration
On entry into force of the Convention for the United States, a vessel of at least 24 meters in length, but less than 400 gross tons engaged on an international voyage (except fixed or floating platforms, FSUs, and FPSOs) must carry a declaration described in subsection (b) that is signed by the owner or owner's authorized agent. That declaration shall be accompanied by appropriate documentation, such as a paint receipt or a contractor invoice, or contain an appropriate endorsement.
(b) Content of declaration
The declaration must contain a clear statement that the antifouling system on the vessel complies with the Convention. The Secretary may prescribe the form and other requirements of the declaration.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1022, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3026.)
§3823. Other compliance documentation
In addition to the requirements under sections 3821 and 3822 of this title, the Secretary may require vessels to hold other documentation considered necessary to verify compliance with this chapter.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1023, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3026.)
§3824. Process for considering additional controls
(a) Actions by Administrator
(1) participate in the technical group described in Article 7 of the Convention, and in any other body convened pursuant to the Convention for the consideration of new or additional controls on antifouling systems;
(2) evaluate any risks of adverse effects on nontarget organisms or human health presented by a given antifouling system such that the amendment of annex 1 of the Convention may be warranted;
(3) undertake an assessment of relevant environmental, technical, and economic considerations necessary to evaluate any proposals for new or additional controls of antifouling systems under the Convention, including benefits in the United States and elsewhere associated with the production and use in the United States and elsewhere, of the subject antifouling system; and
(4) develop recommendations based on that assessment.
(b) Referrals to technical group
(1) Convening of Shipping Coordinating Committee
On referral of any antifouling system to the technical group described in article 7 of the Convention for consideration of new or additional controls, the Secretary of State shall convene a public meeting of the Shipping Coordinating Committee for the purpose of receiving information and comments regarding controls on such antifouling system. The Secretary of State shall publish advance notice of such meeting in the Federal Register and on the State Department's Web site. The Administrator shall assemble and maintain a public docket containing notices pertaining to that meeting, any comments responding to those notices, the minutes of that meeting, and materials presented at that meeting.
(2) Report by technical group
The Administrator shall promptly make any report by the technical group described in the Convention available to the public through the docket established pursuant to subsection (b) and announce the availability of that report in the Federal Register. The Administrator shall provide an opportunity for public comment on the report for a period of not less than 30 days from the time the availability of the report is announced in the Federal Register.
(3) Consideration of comments
To the extent practicable, the Administrator shall take any comments into consideration in developing recommendations under subsection (a).
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1024, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3026.)
§3825. Scientific and technical research and monitoring; communication and information
The Secretary, the Administrator, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration may each undertake scientific and technical research and monitoring pursuant to article 8 of the Convention and to promote the availability of relevant information concerning—
(1) scientific and technical activities undertaken in accordance with the Convention;
(2) marine scientific and technological programs and their objectives; and
(3) the effects observed from any monitoring and assessment programs relating to antifouling systems.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1025, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3027.)
§3826. Communication and exchange of information
Except as provided in subsection (b), with respect to those antifouling systems regulated by the Administrator, the Administrator shall provide to any party to the Convention that requests it, relevant information on which the decision to regulate was based, including information provided for in annex 3 to the Convention, or other information suitable for making an appropriate evaluation of the antifouling system.
This section shall not be construed to authorize the provision of information the disclosure of which is otherwise prohibited by law.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1026, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3027.)
§3841. Prohibitions
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, it is unlawful for any person—
(1) to act in violation of this chapter, or any regulation prescribed under this chapter;
(2) to sell or distribute in domestic or international commerce organotin or an antifouling system containing organotin;
(3) to manufacture, process, or use organotin to formulate an antifouling system;
(4) to apply an antifouling system containing organotin on any vessel to which this chapter applies; or
(5) after the Convention enters into force for the United States, to apply or otherwise use in a manner inconsistent with the Convention, an antifouling system on any vessel that is subject to this chapter.
(b) Vessel hulls
Except as provided in subsection (c), no vessel shall bear on its hull or outer surface any antifouling system containing organotin, regardless of when such system was applied, unless that vessel bears an overcoating which forms a barrier to organotin leaching from the underlying antifouling system.
(1) Excepted vessel
Subsection (b) does not apply to fixed or floating platforms, FSUs, or FPSOs that were constructed prior to January 1, 2003, and that have not been in dry dock on or after that date.
(2) Sale, manufacture, etc.
(A) the sale, distribution, or use pursuant to any agreement between the Administrator and any person that results in an earlier prohibition or cancellation date than specified in this chapter; or
(B) the manufacture, processing, formulation, sale, distribution, or use of organotin or antifouling systems containing organotin used or intended for use only for sonar domes or in conductivity sensors in oceanographic instruments.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1031, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3027.)
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (4), (5) and (c)(2)(A), was in the original "this title", meaning title X of Pub. L. 111–281, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3023, which enacted this chapter and repealed chapter 37 (§2401 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title X to the Code, see Tables.
§3842. Investigations and inspections by Secretary
The Secretary may conduct investigations and inspections regarding a vessel's compliance with this chapter or the Convention.
(b) Violations; subpoenas
In any investigation under this section, the Secretary may issue a subpoena to require the attendance of a witness or the production of documents or other evidence if—
(A) before the issuance of the subpoena, the Secretary requests a determination by the Attorney General of the United States as to whether the subpoena will interfere with a criminal investigation; and
(B) the Attorney General—
(i) determines that the subpoena will not interfere with a criminal investigation; or
(ii) fails to make a determination under clause (i) before the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Secretary makes a request under subparagraph (A).
In the case of refusal to obey a subpoena issued to any person under this subsection, the Secretary may request the Attorney General to invoke the aid of the appropriate district court of the United States to compel compliance.
(c) Further action
On completion of an investigation, the Secretary may take whatever further action the Secretary considers appropriate under the Convention or this chapter.
The Secretary may cooperate with other parties to the Convention in the detection of violations and in enforcement of the Convention. Nothing in this section affects or alters requirements under any other laws.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1032, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3028.)
§3843. EPA enforcement
(a) Inspections, subpoenas
For purposes of enforcing this chapter or any regulation prescribed under this chapter, officers or employees of the Environmental Protection Agency or of any State designated by the Administrator may enter at reasonable times any location where there is being held or may be held organotin or any other substance or antifouling system regulated under the Convention, for the purpose of inspecting and obtaining samples of any containers or labeling for organotin or other substance or system regulated under the Convention.
In any investigation under this section, the Administrator may issue a subpoena to require the attendance of a witness or the production of documents or other evidence if—
(i) before the issuance of the subpoena, the Administrator requests a determination by the Attorney General of the United States as to whether the subpoena will interfere with a criminal investigation; and
(ii) the Attorney General—
(II) fails to make a determination under subclause (I) before the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Administrator makes a request under clause (i).
In the case of refusal to obey a subpoena issued to any person under this paragraph, the Administrator may request the Attorney General to invoke the aid of the appropriate district court of the United States to compel compliance.
(b) Stop manufacture, sale, use, or removal orders
Consistent with section 3803 of this title, whenever any organotin or other substance or system regulated under the Convention is found by the Administrator and there is reason to believe that a manufacturer, seller, distributor, or user has violated or is in violation of any provision of this chapter, or that such organotin or other substance or system regulated under the Convention has been or is intended to be manufactured, distributed, sold, or used in violation of this chapter, the Administrator may issue a stop manufacture, sale, use, or removal order to any person that owns, controls, or has custody of such organotin or other substance or system regulated under the Convention. After receipt of that order the person may not manufacture, sell, distribute, use, or remove the organotin or other substance or system regulated under the Convention described in the order except in accordance with the order.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1033, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3028.)
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b), was in the original "this title", meaning title X of Pub. L. 111–281, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3023, which enacted this chapter and repealed chapter 37 (§2401 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title X to the Code, see Tables.
§3851. Criminal enforcement
Any person who knowingly violates paragraph (2), (3), (4), or (5) of section 3841(a) of this title or section 3841(b) of this title shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than 6 years, or both.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1041, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3029.)
§3853. Liability in rem
A vessel operated in violation of the Convention, this chapter, or any regulation prescribed under this chapter, is liable in rem for any fine imposed under title 18 or civil penalty assessed pursuant to section 3852 of this title, and may be proceeded against in the United States district court of any district in which the vessel may be found.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1043, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3031; Pub. L. 111–330, §1(20), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3571.)
2010—Pub. L. 111–330 substituted "under title 18" for "under section 18".
Pub. L. 111–330, §1, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3569, provided that the amendment made by section 1(20) is effective with the enactment of Pub. L. 111–281.
§3854. Vessel clearance or permits; refusal or revocation; bond or other surety
If any vessel that is subject to the Convention or this chapter, or its owner, operator, or person in charge, is liable for a fine or civil penalty under section 3852 or 3853 of this title, or if reasonable cause exists to believe that the vessel, its owner, operator, or person in charge may be subject to a fine or civil penalty under section 3852 or 3853 of this title, the Secretary may refuse or revoke the clearance required by section 60105 of title 46. Clearance may be granted upon the filing of a bond or other surety satisfaction to the Secretary.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1044, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3031.)
§3855. Warnings, detentions, dismissals, exclusion
If a vessel is detected to be in violation of the Convention, this chapter, or any regulation prescribed under this chapter, the Secretary may warn, detain, dismiss, or exclude the vessel from any port or offshore terminal under the jurisdiction of the United States.
If action is taken under subsection (a), the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall make the notifications required by the Convention.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1045, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3031.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this title", meaning title X of Pub. L. 111–281, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3023, which enacted this chapter and repealed chapter 37 (§2401 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title X to the Code, see Tables.
§3856. Referrals for appropriate action by foreign country
Notwithstanding sections 3851, 3852, 3853, and 3855 of this title, if a violation of the Convention is committed by a vessel registered in or of the nationality of a country that is a party to the Convention, or by a vessel operated under the authority of a country that is a party to the Convention, the Secretary, acting in coordination with the Secretary of State, may refer the matter to the government of the country of the vessel's registry or nationality, or under whose authority the vessel is operating, for appropriate action, rather than taking the actions otherwise required or authorized by this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1046, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3031.)
This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle D (§§1041–1048) of title X of Pub. L. 111–281, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3029, which enacted this subchapter and repealed chapter 37 (§2401 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of subtitle D to the Code, see Tables.
§3857. Remedies not affected
Nothing in this chapter limits, denies, amends, modifies, or repeals any other remedy available to the United States.
(b) Relationship to State and local law
Nothing in this chapter limits, denies, amends, modifies, or repeals any rights under existing law, of any State, territory, or possession of the United States, or any political subdivision thereof, to regulate any antifouling system. Compliance with the requirements of a State, territory, or possession of the United States, or political subdivision thereof related to antifouling paint or any other antifouling system does not relieve any person of the obligation to comply with this chapter.
(Pub. L. 111–281, title X, §1047, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3031.)