Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5703027?dq=patent:3079728
Timestamp: 2014-09-18 02:41:38
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Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 2', 'in fine', 'Application No. 66', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08']

Patent US5703027 - Monomeric rich silicate system in automatic dishwashing composition with ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsAutomatic dishwashing detergent compositions comprising a certain combination of metasilicate with other silicate (polymeric) components are disclosed. Particularly preferred compositions also comprise low foaming surfactant and detergency builders....http://www.google.com/patents/US5703027?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5703027 - Monomeric rich silicate system in automatic dishwashing composition with improved glass etchingAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5703027 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/346,560Publication dateDec 30, 1997Filing dateNov 29, 1994Priority dateNov 29, 1994Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA2206040C, EP0795000A1, WO1996017047A1Publication number08346560, 346560, US 5703027 A, US 5703027A, US-A-5703027, US5703027 A, US5703027AInventorsGregory Stephen Caravajal, Janet Layne MarshallOriginal AssigneeThe Procter & Gamble CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (36), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (9), Classifications (17), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMonomeric rich silicate system in automatic dishwashing composition with improved glass etchingUS 5703027 AAbstract Automatic dishwashing detergent compositions comprising a certain combination of metasilicate with other silicate (polymeric) components are disclosed. Particularly preferred compositions also comprise low foaming surfactant and detergency builders.
What is claimed is: 1. An automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprising, by weight:(a) from about 1% to about 10% of SiO2 as monomeric silicate; (b) from about 1% to about 10% of SiO2 as a second silicate component having a SiO2 :M2 O weight ratio (where M=alkali metal) of from about 2 to about 2.4, wherein said monomeric silicate (a) and silicate component (b) have a SiO2 weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1:10; and wherein the automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprises from about 5% to about 12% total SiO2 ; (c) from about 0.01% to about 15% of low foaming surfactant, (d) from about 0.1% to about 50% of a detergency builder; wherein said detergency builder is a salt or salt/builder of sodium/potassium phosphate; and (e) from about 0.001% to about 5% of a detersive enzyme; wherein said composition has a pH of from about 9.5 to about 10.5. 2. A composition according to claim 1 further comprising a bleaching agent selected from the group consisting of peroxygen bleaches and chlorine bleaches.
3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein said bleaching agent is selected from the group consisting of percarbonate salts and perborate salts.
4. A liquid composition according to claim 3 further comprising from about 0.01% to about 6% by weight of an enzyme stabilizing system.
5. A composition according to claim 4 wherein said detersive enzyme is selected from the group consisting of protease, amylase, lipase and mixtures thereof.
6. A composition according to claim 5 comprising from about 0.005 to about 3% by weight protease or amylase.
7. A composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 1% to about 10% of SiO2 as metasilicate and from about 3% to about 6% of said SiO2 as said second silicate component.
8. A composition according to claim 7 wherein the weight ratio of metasilicate (a) to second silicate component (b) is between about 3:1 and about 1:2.
9. A composition according to claim 2 comprising from about 0.01% to about 8% available oxygen.
10. A composition according to claim 1 further comprising from about 0.1% to about 8% of an anionic co-surfactant.
11. A composition according to claim 2 wherein said low foaming surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated alcohols.
12. A composition according to claim 3 further comprising from about 0.5% to about 20% of a dispersant polymer.
13. A composition according to claim 12 wherein said dispersant polymer is selected from the group consisting of polacrylates and polyacrylate copolymers.
14. A method for cleaning soiled tableware comprising contacting said tableware with an aqueous detergent composition comprising (a) from about 1% to about 10% SiO2 as monomeric silicate, (b) from about 1% to about 10% SiO2 as a second silicate component having a SiO2 :M2 O weight ratio (where M=alkali metal) from about 2 to about 2.4, and wherein said monomeric silicate (a) and second silicate component (b) have a SiO2 weight ratio of from about 3:1 to about 1:2, and wherein the aqueous wash medium comprises from about 5% to about 12% total SiO2 ; c) nonionic surfactant, d) from about 0.001% to about 5% of a detersive enzyme, and e) detergency builder; wherein said detergency builder is sodium/potassium phosphate; wherein said composition has a pH of from about 9.5 to about 10.5.
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention is in the field of automatic dishwashing detergents. More specifically, the invention relates to automatic dishwashing detergents which provide enhanced glass care benefits. The automatic dishwashing compositions comprise a balance of monomeric (metasilicate) silicate with other silicate components.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Automatic dishwashing detergents (hereinafter ADDs) used for washing tableware in the home or institutionally in machines especially designed for the purpose have long been known. Dishwashing in the seventies is reviewed by Mizuno in Vol. 5, Part III of the Surfactant Science Series, Ed. W. G. Cutler and R. C. Davis, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 1973, incorporated by reference. The particular requirements of cleansing tableware (this includes silverware, glassware, china, plastic, pots and pans and the like) and leaving it in a sanitary, essentially spotless, residue-free state has indeed resulted in so many particular ADD compositions that the body of art pertaining thereto is now recognized as quite distinct from other cleansing product arts.
In light of legislation and current environmental trends, modern ADD products desirably contain low levels or are substantially free of inorganic phosphate builder salts and/or are concentrated formulations (i.e. 1/2 cup vs. full cup usage). Unfortunately, nonphosphated ADD products in technical terms may sacrifice efficacy, especially owing to the deletion of phosphate and, in some instances, chlorine mainstay cleansing ingredients. Concentrated or compact compositions similarly exhibit formulation problems.
Users of ADDs have come to expect tableware will be rendered essentially spotless and film-free in addition to cleaning. In practice, this means avoiding film-forming components. The formulator must employ ingredients which are sufficiently soluble that residues or build-up do not occur. Again, while some ingredients may be adequate on grounds of cleaning, spotting and filming, solubility considerations may diminish their usefulness. Solubility considerations are even more acute with the newer "low usage", "concentrated", ADD compositions whose overall solubility can be less than that of conventional ("full cup") products.
It has generally been believed by the formulator of ADDs that inexpensive cleaning can be achieved via high alkalinity and/or high silicate levels (for example as provided by formulations comprising high percentages by weight of sodium hydroxide or metasilicate). It has been discovered that the ratio of the silicate employed can affect cleaning and/or glass etching. While it has been discovered that metasilicate does not contribute to glass etching, severe penalties result in these compositions in terms of cleaning, product corrosiveness to dishwashers and tableware, especially china and glassware and incompatibility with other detergent ingredients. It is therefore highly desirable to achieve good end-results without yielding the undesirable problems generally associated with the use of high alkalinity/high metasilicate.
It has now been unexpectedly discovered that automatic dishwashing detergents especially granular or powder form, other silicate, especially can provide the desired glasscare benefits by formulating selected metasilicate and disilicate, compounds into ADDs having particularly defined ratios and pH ranges. The composition when dissolved at from about 2000 to about 5000 ppm (parts per million), preferably from about 2500 to about 4500 ppm in an automatic dishwasher affords a pH in the range from about 8 to about 13, more preferably from about 9 to about 12, even more preferably from about 9.5 to about 11.5.
The novel ADDs have the property of removing stains objected to by the consumer from dishware, even in a nil or low phosphate containing ADD. The compositions have the cleaning and spotlessness advantages such as enhanced glass care (i.e. reduction of cloudiness and iridescence negatives) and reduction of silicate/carbonate deposition filming negatives. ADD embodiments including bleach, especially oxygen generated, and enzyme-containing compositions are provided for powerful cleaning of wide-ranging soils while retaining the advantages of a generally noncorrosive product matrix.
(a) from about 0.01% to about 15%, preferably 1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 3% to about 9%, of SiO2 as monomeric silicate
(b) from about 1% to about 10%, preferably from about 3% to about 6%, of SiO2 as a second silicate component having a SiO2 :M2 O weight ratio (where M=alkali metal) of greater than 1 preferably from about 1.8 to about 3.3, more preferably from about 2 to about 2.5, wherein said monomeric silicate of (a) and silicate of (b) have a SiO2 weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1:10; preferably from about 3:1 to about 1:2;
(c) from about 0.01% to about 15%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, of low foaming surfactant; and
(d) from about 0.1% to about 50%, preferably from about 5% to about 30%, of detergency builder;
wherein said composition provides a wash solution pH from about 8 to about 13, preferably from about 9 to about 12.
While monomeric silicate, other silicates, low foaming nonionic surfactant and detergency builder are the essential ingredients to the present invention, there are also provided embodiments wherein additional components, especially bleaching agent, enzymes and/or organic dispersants are desirably present. Additional components include but are not limited to suds suppressors, detergent co-surfactants and mixtures thereof.
The present invention also encompasses a method for cleaning soiled tableware comprising contacting said tableware with an aqueous medium having a pH in the range from about 8 to about 13, more preferably from about 9 to about 12, and comprising low foaming nonionic surfactant, detergency builder and a weight ratio of metasilicate to silicate of from about 3:1 to about 1:2. The essential nonionic surfactant, detergency builder, monomeric silicate and silicate are preferably added in a solid form (i.e. powder, granular, tablet) to an automatic dishwashing machine.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprising by weight:
(a) from about 0.01% to about 15% of SiO2 as monomeric silicate;
(b) from about 1% to about 10%, of SiO2 as a second silicate component having a SiO2 :M2 O weight ratio of greater than 1, wherein said monomeric silicate of (a) and silicate component of (b) have a SiO2 weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1:10, preferably from about 3:1 to about 1:2;
(c) from about 0.01% to about 15%, of low foaming surfactant; and
(d) from about 0.1% to about 50%, of detergency builder;
wherein said composition provides a wash solution pH from about 8 to about 13.
A particularly preferred embodiment is phosphate free and further comprises by weight of the composition from about 0.5% to about 12% total SiO2, active detersive enzyme and from about 0.01% to 8% (as % AVO or % Cl) bleaching agent.
The term wash solution is defined herein to mean an aqueous solution of the product dissolved at 2,000-6,000 ppm, preferably at 2,500-4,500 ppm, in an automatic dishwasher.
The terms monomeric silicate and metasilicate as used herein are interchangeable. Either meaning a silicate with a SiO2 :M2 O ratio of about 1.
The compositions of the type described herein comprise alkali metal silicates. The alkali metal silicates hereinafter described provide pH adjusting capability, protection against corrosion of metals and against attack on dishware, including fine china and glassware benefits. For glass care and chinaware benefits, i.e., inhibition of corrosion to glasswares and chinawares (etching), the composition should contain a mix (balance) of monomeric silicate and other silicate.
The second silicate component comprises silicates with a ratio of SiO2 to the alkali metal oxide (M2 O, where M=alkali metal) of greater than about 1, preferably from about 1.5 to about 3.2, more preferably from about 1.8 to about 3, most preferably from about 2.0 to about 2.4. Preferably, the alkali metal silicate is hydrous, having from about 15% to about 25% water, more preferably, from about 17% to about 20%.
Sodium and potassium, and especially sodium, silicates are preferred. A particularly preferred alkali metal second silicate component is a granular hydrous sodium silicate having a SiO2 :Na2 O ratio of from 2.0 to 2.4 available from PQ Corporation, named Britesil H20 and Britesil H24. Most preferred is a granular hydrous sodium silicate having a SiO2 :Na2 O ratio of 2.0. While typical forms, i.e. powder and granular, of hydrous silicate particles are suitable, preferred silicate particles have a mean particle size between about 300 and about 900 microns with less than 40% smaller than 150 microns and less than 5% larger than 1700 microns. Particularly preferred is a silicate particle with a mean particle size between about 400 and about 700 microns with less than 20% smaller than 150 microns and less than 1% larger than 1700 microns.
Under the conditions of the present invention the total SiO2 level is preferably from about 0.5% to about 25%, preferably from about 1% to about 15%, more preferably from about 5% to about 12%, based on the weight of the ADD.
The SiO2 weight ratio of the monomeric silicate to the second silicate component should be between about 10:1 and about 1:1, preferably between about 5:1 and about 1:5, preferably between about 3:1 and about 1:2.
ADD compositions of the present invention comprise low foaming nonionic surfactants (LFNIs). LFNI can be present in amounts from 0 to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 0.25% to about 4%. LFNIs are most typically used in ADDs on account of the improved water-sheeting action (especially from glass) which they confer to the ADD product. They also encompass non-silicone, nonphosphate polymeric materials further illustrated hereinafter which are known to defoam food soils encountered in automatic dishwashing.
The automatic dishwashing detergent compositions herein can additionally contain an anionic co-surfactant. When present, the anionic co-surfactant is typically in an amount from 0 to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, by weight of the ADD composition.
Preferred anionic co-surfactants include sulfobetaines, betaines, alkyl(polyethoxy)sulfates (AES) and alkyl (polyethoxy)carboxylates which are usually high sudsing. Optional anionic co-surfactants are further illustrated in published British Patent Application No. 2,116,199A; U.S. Pat. No. 4,005,027, Hartman; U.S. Pat. No. 4,116,851, Kupe et al; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,116,849, Leikhim, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Preferred alkyl(polyethoxy)sulfate surfactants comprise a primary alkyl ethoxy sulfate derived from the condensation product of a C6 -C18 alcohol with an average of from about 0.5 to about 20, preferably from about 0.5 to about 5, ethylene oxide groups. The C6 -C18 alcohol itself is preferable commercially available. C12 -C15 alkyl sulfate which has been ethoxylated with from about 1 to about 5 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule is preferred. Where the compositions of the invention are formulated to have a pH of between 6.5 to 9.3, preferably between 8.0 to 9, wherein the pH is defined herein to be the pH of a 1% solution of the composition measured at 20� C., surprisingly robust soil removal, particularly proteolytic soil removal, is obtained when C10 -C18 alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactant, with an average degree of ethoxylation of from 0.5 to 5 is incorporated into the composition in combination with a proteolytic enzyme, such as neutral or alkaline proteases at a level of active enzyme of from 0.005% to 2%. Preferred alkyl(polyethoxy)sulfate surfactants for inclusion in the present invention are the C12 -C15 alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactants with an average degree of ethoxylation of from 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, 15 most preferably 3.
Alkyl(polyethoxy)carboxylates suitable for use herein include those with the formula RO(CH2 CH2 O)x CH2 COO--M+ wherein R is a C6 to C18 alkyl group, x ranges from O to 10, and the ethoxylate distribution is such that, on a weight basis, the amount of material where x is 0 is less than about 20%, preferably less than about 15%, most preferably less than about 10%, and the amount of material where x is greater than 7, is less than about 25%, preferably less than about 15%, most preferably less than about 10%, the average x is from about 2 to 4 when the average R is C13 or less, and the average x is from about 3 to 6 when the average R is greater than C13, and M is a cation, preferably chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, mono-, di-, and tri-ethanol-ammonium, most preferably from sodium, potassium, ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium ions. The preferred alkyl(polyethoxy)carboxylates are those where R is a C12 to C18 alkyl group.
Highly preferred anionic cosurfactants herein are sodium or potassium salt-forms for which the corresponding calcium salt form has a low Kraft temperature, e.g., 30� C. or below, or, even better, 20� C. or lower. Examples of such highly preferred anionic cosurfactants are the alkyl(polyethoxy)sulfates.
The ADD compositions of the present invention can optionally comprise amine oxide in accordance with the general formula I:
In general, it can be seen that the structure (I) provides one long-chain moiety R1 (EO)x (PO)y (BO)z and two short chain moieties, CH2 R'. R' is preferably selected represents propyleneoxy; and BO represents butyleneoxy. Such amine oxides can be prepared by conventional synthetic methods, e.g., by the reaction of alkylethoxysulfates with dimethylamine followed by oxidation of the ethoxylated amine with hydrogen peroxide.
Highly preferred amine oxides herein are solids at ambient temperature, more preferably they have melting-points in the range 30� C. to 90� C. Amine oxides suitable for use herein are made commercially by a number of suppliers, including Akzo Chemic, Ethyl Corp., and Procter & Gamble. See McCutcheon's compilation and Kirk-Othmer review article for alternate amine oxide manufacturers. Preferred commercially available amine oxides are the solid, dihydrate ADMOX 16 and ADMOX 18 from Ethyl Corp. Preferred long chain amine oxides are disclosed in pending U.S. Ser. No. 08/106,022, filed Aug. 13, 1993, incorporated herein by reference.
pH-Adjusting Control Components/Detergency Builders
The compositions herein may comprise a pH-adjusting component in addition to the silicates herein above, these components are selected from water-soluble alkaline inorganic salts and water-soluble organic or inorganic builders. The pH-adjusting component is selected so that when the ADD is dissolved in water at a concentration of 2000-6000 ppm, the pH remains in the ranges desired. The preferred nonphosphate pH-adjusting component embodiments of the invention is selected from the group consisting of
(i) sodium or potassium carbonate or sesquicarbonate
(iii) sodium or potassium titrate
(iv) sodium or potassium bicarbonate
(v) sodium or potassium borate, preferably borax
(vi) sodium or potassium hydroxide; and
(vii) mixtures of (i)-(vi).
The amount of the pH adjusting component in the instant ADD compositions is generally from about 0.9% to about 99%, preferably from about 1% to about 50%, by weight of the composition. In a preferred embodiment, the pH-adjusting component is present in the ADD composition in an amount from about 5% to about 40%, preferably from about 10% to about 30%, by weight.
For compositions herein having a pH between about 9.5 and about 10.5 (i.e. the initial wash solution) particularly preferred ADD embodiments comprise, by weight of ADD, from about 5% to about 40%, preferably from about 10% to about 30%, most preferably from about 15% to about 20%, of sodium citrate with from about 5% to about 30%, preferably from about 7% to 25%, most preferably from about 8% to about 20% sodium carbonate.
The essential pH-adjusting system can be complemented (i.e. for improved sequestration in hard water) by other detergency builder salts selected from phosphate and/or nonphosphate detergency builders known in the art.
The detergency builders used to form the base granules can be any of the detergency builders known in the art, which include the various water-soluble, alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium phosphates, polyphosphates, phosphonates, polyphosphonates, carbonates, borates, polyhydroxysulfonates, polyacetates, carboxylates (e.g. titrates), and polycarboxylates. Preferred are the alkali metal, especially sodium, salts of the above and mixtures thereof.
In general, pH values of the instant compositions can vary during the course of the wash as a result of the water and soil present. The best procedure for determining whether a given composition has the herein-indicated pH values is as follows: prepare an aqueous solution or dispersion of all the ingredients of the composition by mixing them in finely divided form with the required amount of water to have a 3000 ppm total concentration. Do not have any coatings on the particles capable of inhibiting dissolution. (In the case of the second pH adjusting component it should be omitted from the formula when determining the formula's initial pH value). Measure the pH using a conventional glass electrode at ambient temperature, within about 2 minutes of forming the solution or dispersion. To be clear, this procedure relates to pH measurement and is not intended to be construed as limiting of the ADD compositions in any way; for example, it is clearly envisaged that fully-formulated embodiments of the instant ADD compositions may comprise a variety of ingredients applied as coatings to other ingredients, particularly the second pH adjusting component.
Peroxygen Bleach--The ADD compositions of the present invention can contain an amount of oxygen bleach sufficient to provide from 0.01% to about 8%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 5.0%, more preferably from about 0.3% to about 4.0%, most preferably from about 0.8% to about 3% of available oxygen (AvO) or available chlorine by weight of the ADD.
Available oxygen of an ADD or a bleach component is the equivalent bleaching oxygen content thereof expressed as % O. For example, commercially available sodium perborate monohydrate typically has an available oxygen content for bleaching purposes of about 15% (theory predicts a maximum of about 16%). Methods for determining available oxygen of a formula after manufacture share similar chemical principles but depend on whether the oxygen bleach incorporated therein is a simple hydrogen peroxide source such as sodium perborate or percarbonate, is an activated type (e.g., perborate with tetra-acetyl ethylenediamine) or comprises a performed peracid such as monoperphthalic acid. Analysis of peroxygen compounds is well-known in the art: see, for example, the publications of Swern, such as "Organic Peroxides", Vol. I, D. H. Swern, Editor; Wiley, New York, 1970, LC #72-84965, incorporated by reference. See for example the calculation of "percent active oxygen" at page 499. This term is equivalent to the terms "available oxygen" or "percent available oxygen" as used herein.
The peroxygen bleaching systems useful herein are those capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous liquor. These compounds include but are not limited to the alkali metal peroxides, organic peroxide bleaching compounds such as urea peroxide and inorganic persalt bleaching compounds such as the alkali metal perborates, percabonates, perphosphates, and the like. Mixtures of two or more such bleaching compounds can also be used.
Preferred peroxygen bleaching compounds include sodium perborate, commercially available in the form of mono-, tri-, and tetra-hydrate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, sodium percarbonate, and sodium peroxide. Particularly preferred are sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium perborate monohydrate and sodium percarbonate. Percarbonate is especially preferred because of environmental issues associated with boron. Many geographies are forcing legislation to eliminate elements such as boron from formulations.
Suitable oxygen-type bleaches are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,934 (Chung et al), issued Nov. 1, 1983, and peroxyacid bleaches described in European Patent Application 033,259. Sagel et al, published Sep. 13, 1989, both incorporated herein by reference, can be used.
Highly preferred percarbonate can be in uncoated or coated form. The average particle size of uncoated percarbonate ranges from about 400 to about 1200 microns, most preferably from about 400 to about 600 microns. If coated percarbonate is used, the preferred coating materials include carbonate, sulphate, silicate, borosilicate, fatty carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof.
For excellent bleaching results the peroxygen bleach component is formulated with an activator (peracid precursor). The activator is present at levels of from about 0.01% to about 15%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 1% to about 8%, by weight of the composition. Preferred activators are selected from the group consisting of benzoylcaprolactam (BzCL), 4-nitrobenzoylcaprolactam, 3-chlorobenzoylcaprolactam, benzoyloxybenzenesulphonate (BOBS), nonanoxybenzenesulphonate (NOBS) decooxybenzenesulphonate (C10 -OBS), benzolyvalerolactam (BZVL) octyloxybenzenesulphonate (C8 -OBS), perhydrolyzable esters and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred bleach activators in the pH range from about 8 to about 9.5 are those selected from the group consisting of OBS and VL leavening group.
Preferred bleach activators are those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,130,045, Mitchell et al, and copending patent applications U.S. Ser. Nos. 08/064,624, 08/064,623, 08/064,621, 08/064,562, 08/064,564, 08/082,270 and copending application to M. Burns, A. D. Willey, R. T. Hartshorn, C. K. Ghosh, entitled "Bleaching Compounds Comprising Peroxyacid Activators Used With Enzymes" and having U.S. Ser. No. 08/196,322 (P&G Case 4890R), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The mole ratio of peroxygen bleaching compound (AvO) to bleach activator in the present invention generally ranges from about 10:1 to about 1:1. Preferred ratios range from about 10:1 to about 3:1.
Available chlorine or available oxygen of an ADD or a bleach component is the equivalent bleaching chlorine content thereof expressed as % equivalent Cl2 by weight.
The ADDs of the invention can optionally contain an alkyl phosphate ester suds suppressor, a silicone suds suppressor, or combinations thereof. Levels in general are from 0% to about 10%, preferably, from about 0.001% to about 5%. Typical levels tend to be low, e.g., from about 0.01% to about 3% when a silicone suds suppressor is used. Preferred non-phosphate compositions omit the phosphate ester component entirely.
The compositions of this invention may optionally, but preferably, contain from 0 to about 8%, preferably from about 0.001% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.003% to about 4%, most preferably from about 0.005% to about 3%, by weight, of active detersive enzyme. The knowledgeable formulator will appreciate that different enzymes should be selected depending on the pH range of the ADD composition. Thus, Savinase� may be preferred in the instant compositions when formulated to deliver wash pH of 10, whereas Alcalase� may be preferred when the ADDs deliver wash pH of, say, 8 to 9. Moreover, the formulator will generally select enzyme variants with enhanced bleach compatibility when formulating oxygen bleaches containing compositions of the present invention.
The proteolytic enzyme can be of animal, vegetable or microorganism (preferred) origin. More preferred is serine proteolytic enzyme of bacterial origin. Purified or nonpurified forms of enzyme may be used. Proteolytic enzymes produced by chemically or genetically modified routants are included by definition, as are close structural enzyme variants. Particularly preferred by way of proteolytic enzyme is bacterial serine proteolytic enzyme obtained from Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis and/or Bacillus licheniformis. Suitable commercial proteolytic enzymes include Alcalase�, Esperase�, Durazym�, Savinase�, Maxatase�, Maxacal�, and Maxapem� 15 (protein engineered Maxacal); Purafect� and subtilisin BPN and BPN' are also commercially available. Preferred proteolytic enzymes also encompass modified bacterial serine proteases, such as those described in European Patent Application Serial Number 87 303761.8, filed Apr. 28, 1987 (particularly pages 17, 24 and 98), and which is called herein "Protease B", and in European Patent Application 199,404, Venegas, published Oct. 29, 1986, which refers to a modified bacterial serine proteolytic enzyme which is called "Protease A" herein. Most preferred is what is called herein "Protease C", which is a triple variant of an alkaline serine protease from Bacillus in which tyrosine replaced threonine at position 104, serine replaced asparagine at position 123, and alanine replaced threonine at position 274. Protease C is described in EP 90915958:4, corresponding to WO 91/06637, Published May 16, 1991, which is incorporated herein by reference. Genetically modified variants, particularly of Protease C, are also included herein. Some preferred proteolytic enzymes are selected from the group consisting of Savinase�, Esperase�, Maxacal�, Purafect�, BPN, Protease A and Protease B, and mixtures thereof. Bacterial serine protease enzymes obtained from Bacillus subtilis and/or Bacillus licheniformis are preferred. An especially preferred protease herein referred to as "Protease D" is a carbonyl hydrolase variant having an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which is derived from a precursor carbonyl hydrolase by substituting a different amino acid for a plurality of amino acid residues at a position in said carbonyl hydrolase equivalent to position +76 in combination with one or more amino acid residue position equivalent to those selected from the group consisting of +99, +101, +103, +107 and +123 in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin as described in the concurrently filed patent application of A. Baeck, C. K. Ghosh, P. P. Greycar, R. R. Bott and L. J. Wilson, entitled "Protease-Containing Cleaning Compositions" and having U.S. Ser. No. 08/136,797 (P&G Case 5040). This application is incorporated herein by reference.
Suitable lipases for use herein include those of bacterial, animal, and fungal origin, including those from chemically or genetically modified mutants. Suitable bacterial lipases include those produced by Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1,372,034, incorporated herein by reference. Suitable lipases include those which show a positive immunological cross-reaction with the antibody of the lipase produced from the microorganism Pseudomonas fluorescens IAM 1057. This lipase and a method for its purification have been described in Japanese Patent Application 53-20487, laid open on Feb. 24, 1978, which is incorporated herein by reference. This lipase is available under the trade name Lipase P "Amano," hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P." Such lipases should show a positive immunological cross reaction with the Amano-P antibody, using the standard and well-known immunodiffusion procedure according to Oucheterlon (Acta. Med. Scan., 133, pages 76-79 (1950)). These lipases, and a method for their immunological cross-reaction with Amano-P, are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,291, Thom et al., issued Nov. 17, 1987, incorporated herein by reference. Typical examples thereof are the Amano-P lipase, the lipase ex Pseudomonas fragi FERM P 1339 (available under the trade name Amano-B), lipase ex Pseudomonas nitroreducens var. lipolyticum FERM P 1338 (available under the trade name Amano-CES), lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum var. lipolyticum NRRlb 3673, and further Chromobatter viscosum lipases, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli. A preferred lipase is derived from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, which is described in Granted European Patent, EP-B-0218272. Other lipases of interest are Amano AKG and Bacillis Sp lipase (e.g. Solvay enzymes). Additional lipases which are of interest where they are compatible with the composition are those described in EP A 0 339 681, published Nov. 28, 1990, EP A 0 385 401, published Sep. 5, 1990, EO A 0 218 272, published Apr. 15, 1987, and PCT/DK 88/00177, published May 18, 1989, all incorporated herein by reference.
Preferred enzyme-containing compositions, especially compositions containing peroxygen bleaching agents, herein may comprise from about 0.001% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.005% to about 8%, most preferably from about 0.01% to about 6%, by weight of an enzyme stabilizing system. The enzyme stabilizing system can be any stabilizing system which is compatible with the detersive enzyme. Such stabilizing systems can comprise calcium ion, boric acid, propylene glycol, short chain carboxylic acid, boronic acid, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable chlorine scavenger anions are widely available, indeed ubiquitous, and are illustrated by salts containing ammonium cations or sulfite, bisulfite, thiosulfite, thiosulfate, iodide, etc. Antioxidants such as carbamate, ascorbate, etc., organic amines such as ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) or alkali metal salt thereof, monoethanolamine (MEA), and mixtures thereof can likewise be used. Other conventional scavengers such as bisulfate, nitrate, chloride, sources of hydrogen peroxide such as sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium perborate monohydrate and sodium percarbonate, as well as phosphate, condensed phosphate, acetate, benzoate, citrate, formate, lactate, malate, tartrate, salicylate, etc. and mixtures thereof can be used if desired. In general, since the chlorine scavenger function can be performed by several of the ingredients separately listed under better recognized functions, (e.g., other components of the invention including oxygen bleaches), there is no requirement to add a separate chlorine scavenger unless a compound performing that function to the desired extent is absent from an enzyme-containing embodiment of the invention; even then, the scavenger is added only for optimum results. Moreover, the formulator win exercise a chemist's normal skill in avoiding the use of any scavenger which is majorly incompatible with other optional ingredients, if used. For example, formulation chemists generally recognize that combinations of reducing agents such as thiosulfate with strong oxidizers such as percarbonate are not wisely made unless the reducing agent is protected from the oxidizing agent in the solid-form ADD composition. In relation to the use of ammonium salts, such salts can be simply admixed with the detergent composition but are prone to adsorb water and/or liberate ammonia during storage. Accordingly, such materials, if present, are desirably protected in a particle such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,652,392, Baginski et al incorporated herein by reference.
Preferred compositions herein may additionally contain a dispersant polymer. When present, a dispersant polymer in the instant ADD compositions is typically in the range from 0 to about 25%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 20%, more preferably from about 1% to about 7% by weight of the ADD composition. Dispersant polymers are useful for improved filming performance of the present ADD compositions, especially in higher pH embodiments, such as those in which wash pH exceeds about 9.5. Particularly preferred are polymers which inhibit the deposition of calcium carbonate or magnesium silicate on dishware.
Other suitable dispersant polymers include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,067 issued Mar. 7, 1967, to Diehl, incorporated herein by reference. Unsaturated monomeric acids that can be polymerized to form suitable dispersant polymers include acrylic acid, maleic acid (or maleic anhydride), fumadc acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid. The presence of monomeric segments containing no carboxylate radicals such as methyl vinyl ether, styrene, ethylene, etc. is suitable provided that such segments do not constitute more than about 50% by weight of the dispersant polymer.
Agglomerated forms of the present invention may employ aqueous solutions of polymer dispersants as liquid binders for making the agglomerate (particularly when the composition consists of a mixture of sodium titrate and sodium carbonate). Especially preferred are polyacrylates with an average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000, and acrylate/maleate or acrylate/fumarate copolymers with an average molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 80,000 and a ratio of acrylate to maleate or fumarate segments of from about 30:1 to about 1:2. Examples of such copolymers based on a mixture of unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylate monomers are disclosed in European Patent Application No. 66,915, published Dec. 15, 1982, incorporated herein by reference.
Other dispersant polymers useful herein include the polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a molecular weight of from about 950 to about 30,000 which can be obtained from the Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Mich. Such compounds for example, having a melting point within the range of from about 30� to about 100� C. can be obtained at molecular weights of 1450, 3400, 4500, 6000, 7400, 9500, and 20,000. Such compounds are formed by the polymerization of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol with the requisite number of moles of ethylene or propylene oxide to provide the desired molecular weight and melting point of the respective polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol. The polyethylene, polypropylene and mixed glycols are referred to using the formula HO(CH2 CH2 O)m (CH2 CH(CH3)O)n (CH(CH3)CH2 O)OH wherein m, n, and o are integers satisfying the molecular weight and temperature requirements given above.
Depending on whether a greater or lesser degree of compactness is required, filler materials can also be present in the instant ADDs. These include sucrose, sucrose esters, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, etc., in amounts up to about 70%, preferably from 0% to about 40% of the ADD composition. Preferred filler is sodium sulfate, especially in good grades having at most low levels of trace impurities.
Short-chain amine oxides, such as octyldimethylamine oxide, decyldimethylamine oxide, dodecylamine oxide and tetradecylamine oxide or non-amine oxide aids such as solid-form alcohols or alcohol ethoxylates may be added as solubilizing aids to the long-chain amine oxide. This is especially preferred if the composition is for use in cold-fill automatic dishwashing appliances. When present, a short-chain amine oxide solubilizer is preferably at not more than 1/10 of the total mass of the cleaning amine oxide component. Thus, levels of short-chain amine oxide are typically in the range from about 0 to about 2.0%, preferably about 0.1% to about 1% of the ADD composition. Moreover, it has been discovered that a short-chain amine oxide, if used, is preferably uniformly dispersed within the long-chain amine oxide rather than being added to the ADD in a separate particle.
Since certain granular ADD compositions herein can contain water-sensitive ingredients, e.g., in embodiments comprising anhydrous amine oxides or anhydrous citric acid, it is desirable to keep the free moisture content of the granular ADDs at a minimum, e.g., 7% or less, preferably 4% or less of the ADD; and to provide packaging which is substantially impermeable to water and carbon dioxide. Plastic bottles, including refillable or recyclable types, as well as conventional barrier cartons or boxes are generally suitable. When ingredients are not highly compatible, e.g., mixtures of silicates and citric acid, it may further be desirable to coat at least one such ingredient with a low-foaming nonionic surfactant for protection. There are numerous waxy materials which can readily be used to form suitable coated particles of any such otherwise incompatible components.
The present invention also encompasses a method for cleaning soiled tableware comprising contacting said tableware with an aqueous medium having a pH range in a wash solution of from about 8 to about 13, more preferably from about 9 to about 12, and comprising a SiO2 weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1:10 of monomeric silicate to second silicate component, nonionic surfactant and detergency builder, said aqueous medium being formed by dissolving automatic dishwashing detergent containing in an automatic dishwashing machine. A particularly preferred method also includes peroxygen bleach.
The following examples illustrate the compositions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All parts, percentages and ratios used herein are expressed as percent weight unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE I Granular automatic dishwashing detergents of the present invention are as follows:
TABLE 1______________________________________% by weight of active materialIngredients          A       B______________________________________Sodium Citrate       26.80   21.50Acusol 480N1    6.00    6.00Sodium carbonate     4.00    3.80Britesil H2 O (as SiO2)                6.00    6.00Metasilicate (as SiO2)                8.50    8.50Nonionic surfactant2                3.00    3.00Termamyl 60T         1.50    1.50Alcalase 2T          3.60    3.60Percarbonate (Interox) (as AvO)                1.50    1.50Benzoyloxybenzenesulphonate                3.80    --Nonaroxybenzenesulphonate                --      3.80Diethylene triamine penta methyl                0.13    0.13phosphonic acidSulfate, water, etc. balance______________________________________ 1 From Rohm and Haas 2 Low cloud point, high hydrophiliclyphophilic balance
TABLE 2______________________________________% by weight of active materialIngredients          C       D______________________________________Citrate              29.00   29.00Acusol 480N1    6.00    6.00Sodium carbonate     5.00    5.00Britesil H2 O (as SiO2)                7.00    7.00Sodium Metasilicate (as SiO2)                9.80    9.80HEDP                 0.50    0.50Nonionic surfactant2                1.50    1.50Savinase 12T         2.00    2.20Termamyl 60T         1.50    1.50Perborate monohydrate (as AvO)                1.20    1.20Diethylene triamine penta methyl                0.13    0.13phosphonic acidParaffin             0.50    0.50Benzotriazole        0.30    0.30Sulfate, water, etc. balance______________________________________ 1 Dispersant from Rohm and Haas 2 Low cloud, high HLB nonionic surfactant
EXAMPLE II Granular automatic dishwashing detergents of the present invention containing chlorine bleach are as follows:
TABLE 3______________________________________% by weight of active materialIngredients      E         F       G______________________________________Metasilicate (as SiO2)            9.00      9.00    9.00Sodium polyacrylate            --        8.90    --Sodium carbonate 10.00     10.00   10.00Sodium tripolyphosphate            25.00     --      25.0020r Britesil (as SiO2)            3.00      3.00    3.00Nonionic surfactant            2.50      2.58    2.58Sodium dichlorocyanurate            2.50      2.50    2.50Water, minors    balance______________________________________
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