Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9268211B2/en
Timestamp: 2018-12-19 16:51:11
Document Index: 84723740

Matched Legal Cases: ['§119', 'Application No. 61', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 102', 'art 103', 'art 102', 'art 103', 'art 102', 'art 103', 'art 103', 'art 102', 'Application No. 2009']

US9268211B2 - Lithographic apparatus, and patterning device for use in a lithographic process - Google Patents
Lithographic apparatus, and patterning device for use in a lithographic process Download PDF
US9268211B2
US9268211B2 US14038533 US201314038533A US9268211B2 US 9268211 B2 US9268211 B2 US 9268211B2 US 14038533 US14038533 US 14038533 US 201314038533 A US201314038533 A US 201314038533A US 9268211 B2 US9268211 B2 US 9268211B2
US14038533
US20140022526A1 (en )
The invention relates to a lithographic apparatus including an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam, a patterning device support constructed to support a patterning device, the patterning device being capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam, a substrate support constructed to hold a substrate; a projection system configured to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate, and an encoder-type measurement system configured to at least during projection of the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate continuously determine a position quantity of a patterning device supported on the patterning device support using a grid or grating provided on the patterning device.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/627,094 filed on Nov. 30, 2009, which claims priority and benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/139,487, entitled “Lithographic Apparatus, And Patterning Device For Use In A Lithographic Process”, filed on Dec. 19, 2008. The content of both applications are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
The present invention relates to a lithographic apparatus and a patterning device for use in a lithographic process.
In a scanning type lithographic apparatus, a patterning device (e.g. a mask) is carried by a patterning device support, also referred to as mask table or patterning device table. While generating a pattern on a target portion of a substrate, the patterning device support performs scanning movements along a line of movement, in a single scan direction or scanning in both (i.e. opposite) directions along the line of movement. When a reversal of direction takes place, the patterning device support is decelerated and accelerated between the successive scanning movements. Also, the patterning device support is accelerated and decelerated before and after each scanning movement in a specific direction. Conventionally, the scanning movements are made with constant velocity. However, the scanning movements may also at least partly be made with varying velocity, e.g. the movements including at least part of the deceleration and/or acceleration phases.
The patterning device support holds the patterning device in a manner that depends on the orientation of the patterning device, the design of the lithographic apparatus, and other conditions, such as for example whether or not the patterning device is held in a vacuum environment. The patterning device support may include a frame or a table, for example, which may be fixed or movable as required. The patterning device support (and its control system) may ensure that the patterning device is at a desired position, for example with respect to the projection system.
The patterning device is coupled to the patterning device support through a clamp. Conventionally, the patterning device is coupled to the patterning device support through a vacuum clamp which may be implemented as one or more vacuum pads provided on the patterning device support, where at least a part of a circumferential area of the patterning device is held onto the vacuum pads. By the clamp, a normal force between adjacent surfaces of the patterning device and the patterning device support is generated, resulting in a friction between contacting surfaces of the patterning device and the patterning device support. The vacuum pads may include one or more openings coupled to a gas discharge and supply system. Instead of a vacuum coupling between the patterning device and the patterning device support, other forms of couplings based on friction between the patterning device and the patterning device support are conceivable, such as electrostatic or mechanical clamping techniques to hold the patterning device against the patterning device support.
In an ongoing development, increasing throughput requirements placed on lithographic apparatus lead to increasing scanning velocities. Consequently, deceleration and acceleration of the patterning device support increase. In the deceleration and acceleration phases, increased inertia forces act on the patterning device support and on the patterning device.
It is known that inertia forces acting on the patterning device support and the patterning device may lead to slip of patterning device and patterning device support relative to each other. The slip usually is in the order of nanometers. For relatively low decelerations and accelerations, the slip has appeared to be low and approximately constant over time, changing its direction with each deceleration/acceleration phase. In such circumstances, the slip may be ignored if it is sufficiently low, or the slip may be compensated by suitably calibrating a positioning device controlling the position (and hence, the movement) of the patterning device support and/or the substrate stage.
However, with increasing decelerations and accelerations, the slip occurring between the patterning device and the patterning device support increases, and becomes variable and unpredictable. Factors influencing the amount of slip may include, but may not be limited to, a flatness and roughness of the surfaces of the patterning device and the patterning device support engaging each other, a humidity of the atmosphere(s) in which the patterning device and the patterning device support are handled, a contamination of the patterning device or the patterning device support, and a degree of vacuum when the patterning device is held on the patterning device support by vacuum pads. Thus, a calibration of the positioning device will not lead to a correct positioning of the patterning device support and/or the substrate stage under the circumstances of high inertia forces.
Not only the speed of movement and acceleration of the patterning device support may tend to increase, also, accuracy requirements on the lithographic apparatus may become more stringent. Therefore, slip of the patterning device becomes less tolerable, as slip of the patterning device may result in a position error of the pattern projected onto the substrate.
It has been proposed to provide mechanical solutions to avoid slip between the patterning device support and the patterning device, such as enhanced clamping force between the patterning device support and the patterning device and/or an optimized clamp design. Also it has been proposed to provide a patterning device pushing device which exerts a compensation force on a side of the patterning device to avoid slip between the patterning device and the patterning device. However, none of these solutions is capable of sufficiently avoiding the imaging errors, in particular overlay errors at higher acceleration levels of the patterning device support.
In another solution a feed-forward compensation controller was provided in which slip between patterning device and patterning device support was taken into account. However, the variation in the amount of slip at a certain acceleration level is unpredictable. As a result, feed-forward compensation may not provide a reliable compensation for the slip between patterning device and patterning device support.
In EP 1 918 777, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference, it is proposed to provide a support position sensor to measure a position of the support relative to a first structure of the lithographic apparatus, and a patterning device position sensor to measure a position of the patterning device relative to a second structure of the lithographic apparatus. A control device is provided to determine a correlation between the position of the patterning device and the position of the support from the position measured by the support position sensor, the position measured by the patterning device position sensor, and mutual positions of the first and second structures. On the basis of this correlation, the amount of slip between the patterning device and the patterning device support is determined and compensated in the position control of the patterning device support.
It is desirable to provide a position measurement system for a patterning device in a lithographic apparatus in which slip between the patterning device and the patterning device support is taken into account.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a lithographic apparatus including an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam; a patterning device support constructed to support a patterning device, the patterning device being capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam; a substrate support constructed to support a substrate; a projection system configured to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate, and an encoder-type measurement system configured to determine a position quantity of a patterning device supported on the patterning device support using a grid or grating provided on the patterning device, wherein the measurement system is configured to at least during projection of the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate continuously determine the position quantity of the patterning device.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a patterning device including a pattern to form in a scanning-type lithographic apparatus a patterned radiation beam; and a grid or grating to cooperate with an encoder-type measurement system of the lithographic apparatus, the grid or grating extending in a scanning direction over a complete length of at least the pattern.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a patterning device including a pattern to form in a scanning-type lithographic apparatus a patterned radiation beam; and a grid or grating to cooperate with an encoder-type measurement system of the lithographic apparatus, the grid or grating having the function of reference grid or grating of the measurement system.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a lithographic apparatus including: an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam; a patterning device support constructed to support a patterning device, the patterning device being capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam; a substrate support constructed to support a substrate; a projection system configured to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate, and an encoder-type measurement system configured to determine a position quantity of a substrate supported on the substrate support using a grid or grating provided on the substrate, wherein the measurement system is configured to at least during projection of the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate continuously determine the position quantity of the substrate.
FIG. 2 depicts a side view of a patterning device support and a projection system of a lithographic apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 depicts a top view from the line A-A of the embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 depicts schematically an embodiment of an encoder-type measurement system to measure a position of the patterning device with respect to the projections system;
FIG. 5 depicts schematically another embodiment of an encoder-type measurement system to measure a position of the patterning device with respect to the projections system;
FIG. 6 depicts a side view of a patterning device support and a projection system of a lithographic apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 depicts a top view from the line B-B of the embodiment of FIG. 4; and
FIG. 8 depicts a top view similar to FIG. 5 with a third embodiment of the invention.
The radiation beam B is incident on the patterning device (e.g., mask) MA, which is held on the patterning device support (e.g., mask table) MT, and is patterned by the patterning device. Having traversed the patterning device (e.g. mask) MA, the radiation beam B passes through the projection system PS, which focuses the beam onto a target portion C of the substrate W. With the aid of the second positioning device PW and position sensor IF (e.g. an interferometric device, linear encoder or capacitive sensor), the substrate table WT can be moved accurately, e.g. so as to position different target portions C in the path of the radiation beam B. Similarly, the first positioning device PM and another position sensor (which is not explicitly depicted in FIG. 1) can be used to accurately position the patterning device (e.g. mask) MA with respect to the path of the radiation beam B, e.g. after mechanical retrieval from a mask library, or during a scan. In general, movement of the patterning device support (e.g. mask table) MT may be realized with the aid of a long-stroke module (coarse positioning) and a short-stroke module (fine positioning), which form part of the first positioning device PM. Similarly, movement of the substrate table WT or “substrate support” may be realized using a long-stroke module and a short-stroke module, which form part of the second positioner PW. In the case of a stepper (as opposed to a scanner) the patterning device support (e.g. mask table) MT may be connected to a short-stroke actuator only, or may be fixed. Patterning device (e.g. mask) MA and substrate W may be aligned using patterning device alignment marks M1, M2 and substrate alignment marks P1, P2. Although the substrate alignment marks as illustrated occupy dedicated target portions, they may be located in spaces between target portions (these are known as scribe-lane alignment marks). Similarly, in situations in which more than one die is provided on the patterning device (e.g. mask) MA, the patterning device alignment marks may be located between the dies.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show partially a lithographic apparatus including a patterning device support 1 having a long-stroke part 2 and a short-stroke part 3. The long-stroke part 2 is provided to make displacements over substantially the whole working range of the lithographic apparatus. For this reason a long-stroke actuator is provided between a frame 10, for instance a base frame of the lithographic apparatus, and the long-stroke part 2. However, the positioning accuracy of the long stroke part 2 is relative low.
To increase the positioning accuracy of the patterning device, the short-stroke part 3 is provided. The short stroke part 3 is configured to support a patterning device 4 having a pattern 4 a. A short-stroke actuator is provided between the long-stroke part 2 and the short-stroke part 3. This short-stroke actuator can only move the short-stroke part 3 over a small range with respect to the long-stroke part 2, but the movements can be performed with high accuracy.
The patterning device support 1 is configured to perform up and down scanning movements in the scanning direction y. In the x and Rz directions only small movements will be required.
In conventional lithographic apparatus, a position measurement system is provided which is configured to measure a position of the short-stroke part 3. In a position control system, the measured position is compared to a desired position of the short-stroke part 3 resulting in an error signal. The error signal is fed to a controller which provides a control signal on the basis of the error signal. The control signal is fed to the long-stroke and/or short-stroke actuator to move the short-stroke part to the desired position.
However, when slip occurs between the short-stroke part 3 and the patterning device 4, the patterning device 4 may not be positioned in the correct position even when the short-stroke part 3 is positioned in the desired position.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the encoder-type measurement system is provided to directly measure the position of the patterning device 4 using a grid or grating 5 which is provided on the patterning device 4. The patterning device 4 includes three grids or gratings 5 which are provided in corner areas of the patterning device 4. Preferably, each grid or grating 5 is provided at the patterned side of the patterning device 4. The term “grating” as used herein is encompassed to cover any structure including a repetitive pattern and which is configured to cooperate with an encoder head.
Further, the encoder measurement system is configured to at, least during actual projection of a patterned beam of radiation on a substrate, continuously measure the position of the patterning device 4, in particular as input for a control system to control a position quantity of the patterning device, such as for instance position, speed or acceleration.
In the measurement system of FIGS. 2 and 3, a second grid or grating 6 is mounted on the projection system 7 at opposite sides of the projection beam. This second grid or grating 6 extends over the complete working range of the patterning device support 1, and has, in this embodiment in the scanning direction y larger dimensions than the projection system 7 itself. As an alternative embodiment, the second grid or grating may be mounted on any other substantially stationary object, for instance a metrology frame supporting the projection system 7.
The position measurement system includes two encoder heads 8 (only one shown) configured to determine a position of the patterning device 4 in a scanning direction y of the lithographic apparatus, and one encoder head 9 configured to determine a position of the patterning device 4 in a direction x perpendicular to the scanning direction of the lithographic apparatus. The encoder heads 8, 9 are each aligned with a grid or grating 5 on the patterning device 4. With these encoder heads 8, 9, the position of the patterning device 4 in three degrees of freedom (x, y, Rz) can be measured directly. The encoder heads 8, 9 are mounted on the long-stroke part 2 of the patterning device support 1. As an alternative the encoder heads 8, 9 may be mounted on the short stroke part 2.
Each encoder head 8, 9 is configured to determine a position quantity with respect to the second grid or grating 6 of the projection system 7, whereby the grid or grating 5 of the patterning device 4 is used as a reference grid or grating. US 2004/051881 A1, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, discloses an encoder head which could be applied in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 with the exception that the reference grid, or scanning grid, of the encoder measurement system is not mounted in the encoder head itself, but on the patterning device 4.
FIGS. 4 and 5 disclose two applications in which the grid or grating on the patterning device 4 is used as a reference grid for the encoder measurement system 1.
In FIG. 4, an encoder head 8 is shown which is mounted on the patterning device support 1, for instance the long-stroke part 2. The encoder head 8 includes a illumination source, and a sensing device. The illumination source emits a measurement beam 20 towards the second grid or grating 6 on the projection system 7. The measurement beam 20 passes the patterning device 4 at a location 21, where there is not provided any grid or grating 5. Next to this location grid or gratings 5 are provided on the patterning device 4.
On the measurement grid or grating 6, the measurement beam is split in a −1 and +1 order. When this grid or grating 6 for instance moves in the X direction a phase difference between −1 and +1 order is generated. The reflected −1 and +1 order beams pass the reference grid or grating 5 on the patterning device 4. On the surface of the patterning device 4, the reflected beams are bend towards the encoder head 8.
In the encoder head 8 itself, there is no reference grid or grating. As a result, the encoder head 8 can directly measure the relative displacement between the grid or grating on the patterning device 4 and the second grid or grating 6 on the projection system 7, and thus the position of the patterning device 4 with respect to the projection system 7.
The sensing device in the encoder head is provided to determine a position change between the grid or grating 5 on the patterning device 4 and the second grid or grating 6 mounted on the projection system 7.
FIG. 5 discloses an alternative embodiment of an encoder measurement including an encoder head 8 mounted on the patterning device support, for instance the long-stroke part 2. An illumination source of the encoder head emits a measurement beam 20 towards the grid or grating 5 on the patterning device 4.
On the grid or grating 5, the measurement beam is split in a −1 and +1 order. The −1 and +1 order beams are reflected on the second grid or grating 6 on the projection system towards the encoder head 8.
The reflected beams pass the patterning device 4 at locations 21, where there is not provided any grid or grating 5. In the encoder head 8 itself, there is no reference grid or grating. Corresponding to the embodiment of FIG. 4, the encoder head 8 can directly measure the relative displacement between the grid or grating on the patterning device 4 and the second grid or grating 6 on the projection system 7, and thus the position of the patterning device 4 with respect to the projection system 7.
It is noted that in the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 the grid or grating 5 on the patterning device 4 has been indicated as reference grid or grating. This term has been used since the range of movement of the grid or grating 5 with respect to the encoder head 8 is substantially smaller than the range of movement of the second grid or grating 6 with respect to the encoder head 8, but should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the invention.
Now again referring to FIGS. 2 and 3; since the encoder heads 8, 9 are mounted on the long stroke part 2 of the patterning device support 1, the only possible motion range between the encoder heads 8, 9 and the patterning device 4 is the working range of the stroke short actuator and the slip between the short stroke part 3 and the patterning device 4. Since this motion range is relative small only small grid or gratings 5 have to be provided on the patterning device 5 to make continuous determination of the position quantity of the patterning device with respect to the respective encoder heads 8, 9 possible.
In an embodiment, each of the encoder heads 8, 9 may be configured to determine a distance between the grid or grating 5 on the patterning device 4 and the second grid or grating 6 on the projection system 7. On the basis of these distances, three further degrees of freedom (z, Rx, Ry) may be determined by the measurement system. The resulting measurement system can directly and continuously measure the position of a patterning device in six degrees of freedom.
It is noted that in another embodiment of the measurement system of FIGS. 2 and 3, a second encoder head 9 configured to determine a position of the patterning device 4 in a direction x perpendicular to the scanning direction of the lithographic apparatus may be provided. The second encoder head 9 may be aligned to cooperate with a grid or grating 5 provided in a corner area of the patterning device 4. The fourth encoder head 8, 9 is redundant for position measurement, but may for instance be used for calibration of the measurement system.
Also, it may be possible to use the four encoder heads 8, 9 to determine the effect of thermal influences on the patterning device 4. For instance, when the patterning device expands due to heating of the patterning device 4, the encoder heads 8, 9 can determine the influence of this heating on the size of the patterning device 4, since the grid or gratings 5 are arranged at corner locations of the patterning device 4.
The benefit of the encoder measurement system of FIGS. 2 and 3 is that the position measurement system can continuously and directly determine the position of the patterning device 4 with respect to the projection system 7. As a result, slip between the patterning device and the patterning device support 1 is no longer a problem in the position control of the patterning device 4, since the control system will position the patterning device 4 itself in the desired position, and not the patterning device support supporting the patterning device 4, as is the case in the prior art lithographic apparatus.
The measured position quantity may be used for position control of the patterning device 4. A position controller may be provided which on the basis of the difference between a desired position of the patterning device 4 and a determined actual position of the patterning device 4 provides a control signal to the actuators of the patterning device support to move the patterning device 4 to the desired position.
Another benefit is that the grid or gratings 5 on the patterning device 4 may be relative small, and may be located at any suitable location on the patterning device 4. Thus only limited space of the patterning device 4 is required for the grid or gratings 5.
As an alternative for the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, it is also possible to provide encoder heads 8, 9 configured to determine a position quantity with respect to the grid or grating 5 of the patterning device 4 and with respect to the second grid or grating 6 of the projection system 7. By the combination, in particular addition, of these measured position quantities, the respective position quantity of the patterning device 4 with respect to the projection system 7 may be determined.
FIGS. 6 and 7 disclose a measurement system according to another embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 6 and 7 show, similarly to FIGS. 2 and 3, partially a lithographic apparatus including a patterning device support 101 having a long-stroke part 102 and a short-stroke part 103. A long stroke actuator is provided to move the long-stroke part 102 with respect to the base frame 110.
The short-stroke part 103 is configured to support a patterning device 104 having a pattern 104 a. A short-stroke actuator is provided between the long-stroke part 102 and the short-stroke part 103. This short-stroke actuator can only move the short-stroke part 103 over a small range with respect to the long-stroke part 102, but the movements may be performed with high accuracy.
An encoder-type measurement system is provided which directly measures the position of the patterning device using a grid or grating 105 which is provided on the patterning device 104. The grid or grating 105 extends in the scanning direction (y) over the complete length of the patterning device 104.
Preferably, the grid or grating 105 is provided at the patterned side of the patterning device 104.
The position measurement system includes two encoder heads 108 configured to determine a position of the patterning device 104 in a scanning direction y of the lithographic apparatus, and one encoder head 109 configured to determine a position of the patterning device 104 in a direction x perpendicular to the scanning direction of the lithographic apparatus. The encoder heads 108, 109 are arranged on the projection system 107. The encoder heads 108, 109 may be configured as disclosed in US 2004/051881 A1, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
With these three encoder heads 108, 109, it is possible to determine the position of the patterning device 4 in three degrees of freedom (x, y, Rz), when the grid or grating 5 is aligned with the respective encoder heads 108, 109.
The encoder heads 108, 109 are arranged at opposite sides of a projection slit 107 a of the projection system 107, i.e. the area through which the projection beam runs during actual projection of a pattern on a substrate. Thus, when a part of the pattern 104 a is located above the projection slit 107 a, the grid or grating 105 is aligned with the respective encoder heads 108, 109. As a result, the encoder measurement system is capable of, at least during actual projection of a patterned beam of radiation on a substrate, continuously measuring a position quantity of the patterning device 104.
Since the position quantities of the position of the patterning device 104 are directly measured on the patterning device 104, slip between the patterning device 104 and the patterning device support 101 is no longer a problem in the position control of the patterning device 104. The control system will position the patterning device 104 itself in the desired position, and not the patterning device support 101 supporting the patterning device 104.
However, since the encoder heads 108, 109 are arranged next to the projection slit 107 a, and do not move together with the patterning device 104, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the working range of the encoder measurement system is limited.
In order to have a position measurement when the grid or grating 105 is not aligned with the encoder head 108, 109 next to the projection slit 107 a, it may be possible to provide a second position quantity measurement system, for instance an encoder-type or interferometer-type measurement system, which is capable of measuring a position quantity of the patterning device 104 or its support outside the working range of the encoder measurement system 108, 109, 105. As an alternative, further encoder heads 108, 109 may be provided in the main direction of movement of the patterning device support 101, i.e. the y-direction, so that the grid or grating 5 is continuously aligned with one of the sets encoder heads 108, 109. This alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 8. In this embodiment of FIG. 6, one set of two encoder heads 108 and one encoder head 109 is always aligned with the grid or grating 105. Thus, continuous measurement of a position quantity of the patterning device 104 is possible. The different sets of encoder heads 108, 109 may also be used for calibration and/or the measurement of thermal effects on the patterning device 104.
Hereinabove, the use of one encoder head for measurement in one of the directions x,y has been described. However, it is also possible that the encoder heads are combined to measure a position quantity in both the x and y direction. Also, it may be possible that the encoder heads are capable of determining the distance between encoder heads and or the grid or grating on the patterning device 4, therewith making position measurement in six degrees of freedom possible.
Hereinabove, the term grid or grating has been used to describe repetitive encoder structures which can be read by an encoder head. Typically repetitive encoder structures are provided on the patterning device and measured based on diffraction relative to similar repetitive structures, for instance connected to the metrology frame or the projection system.
Above, embodiments of measurement systems are described which are used for directly measuring a position quantity of a patterning device supported on a patterning device support. Similar measurement systems may be used for directly measuring a position quantity of a substrate supported on a substrate table or a movable or deformable lens element of a projection system. In such case, a position quantity is measured using a grid or grating provided on the substrate or lens element.
a pattern to form in a scanning-type lithographic apparatus a patterned radiation beam; and
a grating configured to cooperate with a measurement system of the lithographic apparatus, the grating extending in a scanning direction over a complete length of the reticle from a first outer side of the reticle to a second outer side, opposite the first outer side, of the reticle.
2. The reticle of claim 1, comprising a first side to be illuminated by a radiation beam in the scanning-type lithographic apparatus and a second side opposite the first side, wherein the grating is provided only on the second side to cooperate with a sensor facing said second side.
3. The reticle of claim 1, comprising another grating, wherein said grating and said other grating are arranged on opposite sides of the pattern.
4. The reticle of claim 3, wherein said other grating extends in the scanning direction over a distance greater than the total length of said pattern in said scanning direction.
5. The reticle of claim 1, wherein said grating extends beyond each of the opposite ends of the pattern.
6. The reticle of claim 1, wherein said grating is adapted to cooperate with a sensor head mounted on a projection system of the lithographic apparatus.
7. A reticle comprising:
a first side to be illuminated by a radiation beam in a scanning-type lithographic apparatus;
a second side that is opposite the first side;
a pattern to form in the scanning-type lithographic apparatus a patterned radiation beam;
a first and a second grating configured to cooperate with a measurement system of the lithographic apparatus, the first and second gratings arranged only on said second side.
8. The reticle of claim 7, wherein the first and second gratings are provided at different corner areas of the reticle.
9. The reticle of claim 7, wherein each of the first and second gratings extends in a scanning direction over a distance greater than a total length of said pattern in said scanning direction.
10. The reticle of claim 9, wherein each of the first and second gratings extends in the scanning direction over a complete length of the reticle from a first outer side of the reticle to a second outer side, opposite the first outer side, of the reticle.
11. The reticle of claim 9, wherein each of the first and second gratings extends beyond each of the opposite ends of the pattern.
12. The reticle of claim 7, wherein each of the first and second gratings is adapted to cooperate with a sensor head mounted on a projection system of the lithographic apparatus.
13. A reticle comprising:
a pattern to form in the scanning-type lithographic apparatus a patterned radiation beam; and
a grating configured to cooperate with a measurement system of the lithographic apparatus and arranged only on said second side, the grating extending in a scanning direction over a distance greater than a total length of said pattern in said scanning direction.
14. The reticle of claim 13, wherein the grating extends in the scanning direction over a complete length of the reticle from a first outer side of the reticle to a second outer side, opposite the first outer side, of the reticle.
US14038533 2008-12-19 2013-09-26 Lithographic apparatus, and patterning device for use in a lithographic process Active 2030-07-24 US9268211B2 (en)
US13948708 true 2008-12-19 2008-12-19
US12627094 US9019470B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2009-11-30 Lithographic apparatus, and patterning device for use in a lithographic process
US14038533 US9268211B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2013-09-26 Lithographic apparatus, and patterning device for use in a lithographic process
US12627094 Continuation US9019470B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2009-11-30 Lithographic apparatus, and patterning device for use in a lithographic process
US20140022526A1 true US20140022526A1 (en) 2014-01-23
US9268211B2 true US9268211B2 (en) 2016-02-23
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US12627094 Active 2033-03-28 US9019470B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2009-11-30 Lithographic apparatus, and patterning device for use in a lithographic process
US14038533 Active 2030-07-24 US9268211B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2013-09-26 Lithographic apparatus, and patterning device for use in a lithographic process
US (2) US9019470B2 (en)
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