Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7725596?ie=ISO-8859-1&dq=U.S.+Patent+No.+4,528,643
Timestamp: 2014-08-23 06:11:38
Document Index: 590707514

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

Patent US7725596 - System and method for resolving network layer anycast addresses to network ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsAn information object repository is configured to resolve a network layer anycast address to a network layer unicast address in response to a request for an information object at the network layer anycast address. The information object repository may be further configured to resolve the network layer...http://www.google.com/patents/US7725596?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7725596 - System and method for resolving network layer anycast addresses to network layer unicast addressesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7725596 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/844,759Publication dateMay 25, 2010Filing dateApr 26, 2001Priority dateApr 28, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020016860Publication number09844759, 844759, US 7725596 B2, US 7725596B2, US-B2-7725596, US7725596 B2, US7725596B2InventorsJose J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Bradley R. SmithOriginal AssigneeAdara Networks, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (79), Non-Patent Citations (73), Referenced by (15), Classifications (36), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem and method for resolving network layer anycast addresses to network layer unicast addressesUS 7725596 B2Abstract An information object repository is configured to resolve a network layer anycast address to a network layer unicast address in response to a request for an information object at the network layer anycast address. The information object repository may be further configured to resolve the network layer anycast address by transmitting a request for the network layer unicast address and awaiting a response thereto, and, in some cases, to return a failure message to a source of the request for the information object if the response to the request for the network layer unicast address is not received within a timeout period. Preferably, the request for the network layer unicast address is a single IP packet that includes the network layer anycast address. Similarly, the request for the network layer unicast address is preferably a single IP packet that includes the network layer unicast address. The response to the request for the network layer unicast address may be returned by a host having the network layer unicast address, or another network node configured to do so.
(a) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/200,404, entitled �System and Method for Using a Mapping Between Client Addresses and Addresses of Caches to Support Content Delivery�, filed Apr. 28, 2000. (b) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/200,401, entitled �System and Method for Discovering Optimum Information Object Repositories in Computer Networks (WILD Protocol)�, filed Apr. 28, 2000. (c) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/200,511, entitled �System and Method for Using URLs to Map Application Layer Content Names to Network Layer Anycast Addresses�, filed Apr. 28, 2000. (d) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/200,402, entitled �System and Method for Using Network Layer URL Routing to Locate the Closest Server Carrying Specific Content (NURL Routing)�, filed Apr. 28, 2000. (e) U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/200,403, entitled �System and Method for Resolving Network Layer Anycast Addresses to Network Layer Unicast Addresses (AARP)�, filed Apr. 28, 2000. This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/810,148, entitled �System and Method for Discovering Information Objects and Information Object Repositories in Computer Networks�, filed Mar. 15, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,539 B2, issued Jan. 9, 2007.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system and method for the discovery of information objects and servers storing information objects distributed over computer networks. More particularly, the present invention provides a system and method for resolving network layer anycast addresses to network layer unicast addresses.
One of the earliest examples of hierarchical Web caching was the Discover system (A. Duda and M. A. Sheldon, �Content Routing in Networks of WAIS Servers,� Proc. IEEE 14th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems,� June 1994; M. A. Sheldon, A. Duda, R. Weiss, J. W. O'Toole, Jr., and D. K. Gifford, �A Content Routing System for Distributed Information Servers,� Proc. Fourth International Conference on Extending Database Technology, March 1994), which provides associative access to servers; the user guides the refinement of requests.
Harvest (A. Chankhunthod, P. Danzing, C. Neerdaels, M. Schwartz, and K. Worrell, �A Hierarchical Internet Object Cache,� Proc. USENIX Technical Conference 96, San Diego, Calif., January 1996) and Squid (D. Wessels, �Squid Internet Object Cache,� http://www.squid.org, August 1998) are two of the best known hierarchical Web cache architectures. Harvest and Squid configure Web caches into a static hierarchical structure in which a Web cache has a static set of siblings and a parent. The Internet Caching Protocol or ICP (D. Wessels and K. Claffy, �Internet Cache Protocol (ICP), Version 2,� RFC 2186, September 1997) is used among Web caches to request information objects.
Hash routing protocols (K. W. Ross, �Hash Routing for Collections of Shared Web Caches,� IEEE Network, Vol. 11, No. 6, November 1997, pp 37-44) constitute another approach to support object discovery in shared caches. Hash routing protocols are based on a deterministic hashing approach for mapping an information object to a unique cache (D. G. Thaler and C. V. Ravishankar, �Using Name-Based Mappings To Increase Hit,� IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, 1998; V. Valloppillil and J. Cohen, �Hierarchical HTTP Routing Protocol,� Internet Draft, http://www.nlanr.net/Cache/ICP/draft-vinod-icp-traffic-dist-00.txt) to distribute the information objects (universal resource locator or URL in the case of the Web) among a number of caches; the end result is the creation of a single logical cache distributed over many physical caches. An important characteristics of this scheme is that information objects are not replicated among the cache sites. The hash function can be stored at the clients or the cache sites. The hash space is partitioned among the N cache sites, when a client requires access to an information object o, the value of the hash function for o, h(o), is calculated at the client or at a cache site (in the latter case the cache would be configured at the client, for example). The value of h(o) is the address of the cache site to contact in order to access the information object o.
(1) the portion of the Internet where subscribers are must support multicast routing distribution; and (2) a multicast address and group must be used for each Web document that is to be pushed to subscribers, which becomes difficult to manage as the number of documents to be pushed increases. Furthermore, Rodriguez, Biersack, and Ross (P. Rodriguez, E. W. Biersack, and K. W. Ross, �Improving the WWW: Caching or Multicast?,� Institut EURECOM 2229, Route Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, pp. 1-17 (Mar. 30, 1998) have shown that multicasting Web documents is an attractive alternative to hierarchical Web caching only when the documents to be pushed are very popular, caching distribution incurs less latency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, a request for an information object at an anycast network address is received; and the request is resolved to a corresponding unicast address for the information object. The unicast address for the information object may then be returned to the requester. The request is sometimes received at an information object repository selected without regard as to whether the information object is actually stored at the information object repository, but rather according to specified performance metrics, such as: average delay from the selected information object repository to a source of the request, average processing delay at the selected information object repository, reliability of a path from the selected information object repository, available bandwidth in said path, and loads on the selected information object repository. The selected information object repository may also be instructed to obtain a copy of the information object.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Various methods and systems for resolving network layer anycast addresses to network layer unicast addresses are disclosed herein. Such methods and systems may find application in networks configured to control access to information objects (i.e., content) carried in information object repositories (i.e., caches, proxies, origin content servers and the like) and/or to support delivery of such information objects. The information objects and/or information object repositories storing the information objects may be distributed over one or more computer networks or networks of networks. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art that some of these specific details need not be used to practice the present invention and/or that equivalents thereof may be used. In other cases, well-known structures and components have not been shown in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. Thus, although discussed with reference to certain illustrated embodiments, upon review of this specification, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present system and methods may find application in a variety of systems and the illustrated embodiments should be regarded as exemplary only and should not be deemed to be limiting in scope.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a Web router is contacted according to a scheme for enabling the discovery of the caches and servers storing information objects distributed over computer networks, which can be implemented in hardware and/or software, by a client, a Web server, a Web cache, or another type of server with a request for the address of one or more Web caches that a client should contact to obtain an information object. Further descriptions of these various schemes are presented below. A complete description of a Web router is included in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/810,148, entitled �System and Method for Discovering Information Objects and Information Object Repositories in Computer Networks�, filed Mar. 15, 2001.
In one embodiment of the present invention, WILD runs on top of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in much the same way as the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) does. In this embodiment, a TCP connection exists between a Web router and each of its neighbor Web routers. In another embodiment of the present invention, WILD can run on top of the TCP Santa Cruz protocol [C. Parsa and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, �TCP-Santa Cruz: Improving TCP Performance over Networks with Heterogeneous Transmission Media�, Proc IEEE ICNP 99], which is disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/190,331, filed on Mar. 16, 2000, from which U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/810,148, filed Mar. 15, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,539 B2, issued Jan. 9, 2007) claims priority. Other embodiments of the present invention may be based on alternative protocols for the provision of reliable transmissions between Web routers.
These approaches are described in detail in co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/200,404, entitled �System and Method for Using a Mapping Between Client Addresses and Addresses of Caches to Support Content Delivery�, filed Apr. 28, 2000, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/843,789, entitled �System and Method for Using a Mapping Between Client Addresses and Addresses of Caches to Support Content Delivery�, filed Apr. 26, 2001.
CONCLUSION The present invention provides a system and method for resolving network layer anycast addresses into network layer unicast addresses. In one embodiment, the present invention is part of a method and system for the discovery of information objects and servers storing information objects distributed over computer networks. Having fully described various preferred embodiments of the invention and various alternatives thereto, it should be recognized that numerous alternatives and equivalents exist which do not depart from the invention. Accordingly, the invention should only be measured in terms of the claims, which follow.
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