Source: http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US7774205
Timestamp: 2013-05-19 02:02:03
Document Index: 202271102

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�M�Q US7774205 - Coding of sparse digital media spectral data - Google �M�Q�j�M �Ϥ� �a�� Play YouTube �s�D Gmail ���ݵw�� ��h »�i���M�Q�j�M | �������� | �n�J�i���M�Q�j�M�M�QAn audio encoder/decoder provides efficient compression of spectral transform coefficient data characterized by sparse spectral peaks. The audio encoder/decoder applies a temporal prediction of the frequency position of spectral peaks. The spectral peaks in the transform coefficients that are predicted...http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US7774205?utm_source=gb-gplus-share�M�Q US7774205 - Coding of sparse digital media spectral data���}��US7774205 B2�X���������v�ӽЮѽs��11/764,108�o�G���2010�~8��10���ӽФ��2007�~6��15�� �u���v���2007�~6��15����L���}�M�Q��US20080312758�o��HWei-ge ChenKazuhito KoishidaSanjeev Mehrotra��M�Q�v�HMicrosoft Corporation ���M�Q������704/503704/230��ڱM�Q������G10L21/04G10L21/00 �X�@����G10L19/06 �ڬw������G10L19/06�ѦҤ��m�M�Q�ޥ� (102)�D�M�Q�ޥ� (52)�~���s�����M�Q�ӼЧ� ���M�Q�ӼЧ��M�Q����T�� �ڬw�M�Q��Coding of sparse digital media spectral dataUS 7774205 B2�K�n An audio encoder/decoder provides efficient compression of spectral transform coefficient data characterized by sparse spectral peaks. The audio encoder/decoder applies a temporal prediction of the frequency position of spectral peaks. The spectral peaks in the transform coefficients that are predicted from those in a preceding transform coding block are encoded as a shift in frequency position from the previous transform coding block and two non-zero coefficient levels. The prediction may avoid coding very large zero-level transform coefficient runs as compared to conventional run length coding. For spectral peaks not predicted from those in a preceding transform coding block, the spectral peaks are encoded as a value trio of a length of a run of zero-level spectral transform coefficients, and two non-zero coefficient levels.
inverse transforming the spectral coefficients to reconstruct the time series of audio signal samples. ����
In low bit rate coding, a recent trend is to exploit this wide-sense perceptual similarity and use a vector quantization (e.g., as a gain and shape code-vector) to represent the high frequency components with very few bits, e.g. 3 kbps. This can alleviate the distortion and unpleasant muffled effect from missing high frequencies and other large portions of spectral data. The transform coefficients of the ��missing spectral portions�� are encoded using the vector quantization scheme. It has been shown that this approach enhances the audio quality with a small increase of bit rate.
Nevertheless, due to the bit rate limitation, the quantization is very coarse. While this is efficient and sufficient for the vast majority of the signals, it still causes an unacceptable distortion for high frequency components that are very ��tonal.�� A typical example can be the very high pitched sound from a string instrument. The vector quantizer may distort the tones into a coarse sounding noise.
The demultiplexer (��DEMUX��) 310 parses information in the bitstream 305 and sends information to the modules of the decoder 300. The DEMUX 310 includes one or more buffers to compensate for short-term variations in bit rate due to fluctuations in complexity of the audio, network jitter, and/or other factors.
On the encoding end, the baseband encoder 610 first encodes a baseband portion of the audio. This baseband portion is a preset or variable ��base�� portion of the audio spectrum, such as a baseband up to an upper bound frequency of 4 KHz. The baseband alternatively can extend to a lower or higher upper bound frequency. The baseband encoder 610 can be implemented as the above-described encoders 200, 400 (FIGS. 2, 4) to use transform-based, perceptual audio encoding techniques to encode the baseband of the audio input 605.
The frequency extension encoder 630 is another technique used in the encoder 600 to encode the higher frequency portion of the spectrum. This technique (herein called ��frequency extension��) takes portions of the already coded spectrum or vectors from a fixed codebook, potentially applying a non-linear transform (such as, exponentiation or combination of two vectors) and scaling the frequency vector to represent a higher frequency portion of the audio input. The technique can be applied in the same transform domain as the baseband encoding, and can be alternatively or additionally applied in a transform domain with a different size (e.g., smaller) time window.
The channel extension encoder 635 implements techniques for encoding multi-channel audio. This ��channel extension�� technique takes a single channel of the audio and applies a bandwise scale factor. In one implementation, the bandwise scale factor is applied in a complex transform domain having a smaller time window than that of the transform used by the baseband encoder. Alternatively, the transform domain for channel extension can be the same or different that that used for baseband encoding, and need not be complex (i.e., can be a real-value domain). The channel extension encoder derives the scale factors from parameters that specify the normalized correlation matrix for channel groups. This allows the channel extension decoder 680 to reconstruct additional channels of the audio from a single encoded channel, such that a set of complex second order statistics (i.e., the channel correlation matrix) is matched to the encoded channel on a bandwise basis.
The inter-frame mode uses predictive coding based on the position of spectral peaks in a previous frame of the audio. In the illustrated procedure, the position is predicted based on spectral peaks in an immediately preceding frame. However, alternative implementations of the procedure can apply predictions based on other or additional frames of the audio, including bi-directional prediction. In this inter-frame mode, the transform coefficients are encoded as a shift (S) or offset of the current frame spectral peak from its predicted position. For the illustrated implementation, the predicted position is that of the corresponding previous frame spectral peak. However, the predicted position in alternative implementations can be a linear or other combination of the previous frame spectral peak and other frame information. The position S and two transform coefficient levels (L0,L1) are entropy coded separately or jointly with Huffman coding techniques. In the inter-frame mode, there are cases where some of the predicted position are unused by spectral peaks of the current frame. In one implementation to signal such ��died-out�� positions, the ��died-out�� code is embedded into the Huffman table of the shift (S).
First (action 710), the spectral peak encoder 620 detects spectral peaks in the transform coefficient data for a frame (the ��current frame��) of the audio input that is currently being encoded. These spectral peaks typically correspond to high frequency tonal components of the audio input, such as may be produced by high pitched string instruments. In the transform coefficient data, the spectral peaks are the transform coefficients whose levels form local maximums, and typically are separated by very long runs of zero-level transform coefficients (for sparse spectral peak data).
If the spectral peak encoder 620 determines there is no corresponding current frame spectral peak for the previous frame spectral peak (i.e., the spectral peak has ��died out,�� as indicated at decision 740), the spectral peak encoder 620 sends a code indicating the spectral peak has died out (action 750). For example, the spectral peak encoder 620 can determine there is no corresponding current frame spectral peak when a next current frame spectral peak is closer to the next previous frame spectral peak.
The following coding syntax table illustrates one possible coding syntax for the sparse spectral peak coding in the illustrated encoder 600/decoder 650 (FIG. 6). This coding syntax can be varied for other alternative implementations of the sparse spectral peak coding technique, such as by assigning different code lengths and values to represent coding mode, shift (S), zero run (R), and two levels (L0,L1). In the following syntax tables, the presence of spectral peak data is signaled by a one bit flag (��bBasePeakPresentTile��). The data of each spectral peak is signaled to be one of four types:
1. ��BasePeakCoefNo�� signals no spectral peak data;
2. ��BasePeakCoefInd�� signals intra-frame coded spectral peak data;
3. ��BasePeakCoefInterPred�� signals inter-frame coded spectral peak data; and
4. ��BasePeakCoeflnterPredAndInd�� signals combined intra-frame and inter-frame coded spectral peak data.
When inter-frame spectral peak coding mode is used, the spectral peak is coded as a shift (��iShift��) from its predicted position and two transform coefficient levels (represented as ��iLevel,�� ��iShape,�� and ��iSign�� in the syntax table) in the frame. When intra-frame spectral peak coding mode is used, the transform coefficients of the spectral peak are signaled as zero run (��cRun��) and two transform coefficient levels (��iLevel,�� ��iShape,�� and ��iSign��).
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