Source: https://fr.scribd.com/document/2617202/Apple-Computer-Inc-v-Podfitness-Inc-Document-No-57
Timestamp: 2019-06-16 04:04:09
Document Index: 461630061

Matched Legal Cases: ['§\n17', '§ 1125', '§\n20', '§ 1125', '§ 14335', '§ 14330', '§ 17200', '§ 17500', '§ 1125', '§ 1051', '§14330', '§1114', '§ 1331', '§\n10', '§ 1367', '§ 1391', '§1391', 'Application No. 3957768', 'Application No. 3957768', 'arts\n8', 'Application No. 300497133', 'Application No. 3957768', '§ 1114', '§ 1072', '§ 1114', '§ 1117', '§ 1125', '§ 1125', '§ 1125', '§ 1125', '§\n20', '§ 1125', '§\n13', '§14335', '§ 14335', '§14320', '§ 14330', '§ 14330', '§ 17200', '§ 17203', '§ 17203', '§ 17500', '§ 17500', '§ 17535', '§ 43', '§ 1125', '§ 43', '§\n8', '§ 1117', '§ 1117', '§ 1117', '§ 1117', '§ 1117']

Apple Computer, Inc. v. Podfitness, Inc. - Document No. 57 | I Pod (36 views)
Apple Computer, Inc. v. Podfitness, Inc. - Document No. 57
AMENDED COMPLAINT against all defendants. Filed byApple Computer, Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A# 2 Exhibit B# 3 Exhibit C# 4 Exhibit D# 5 Exhibit E# 6 Exhibit F# 7 Exhibit G# 8 Exhibit H# 9 Exhibit I# 10 Exhibit J# 11 Exhibit K# 12 Exhibit L# 13 Exhibit M# 14 Exhibit N# 15 Exhibit O# 16 Exhibit P# 17 Exhibit Q# 18 Exhibit R# 19 Exhibit S# 20 Exhibit T# 21 Exhibit U# 22 Exhibit V)(Abrams, Andrew) (Filed on 8/1/2007) 4:2006cv05805 California Northern District Court
Presentation Notes RM
MPOS Operations Guide
Patent and Trademark Office, Department of Commerce v. Federal Labor Relations Authority, Patent Office Professional Association, Intervenor. Federal Labor Relations Authority v. United States Patent & Trademark Office, 991 F.2d 790, 4th Cir. (1993)
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 1 of 33
1 David J. Miclean (#115098/miclean@fr.com)
2 500 Arguello Street, Suite 500
3 Telephone: (650) 839-5070
Lisa M. Martens (#195824/martens@fr.com)
5 Andrew M. Abrams (#229698/abrams@fr.com)
6 12390 El Camino Real
7 Telephone: (858) 678-5070
12 (OAKLAND DIVISION)
14 APPLE INC., Case No. C 06-5805 SBA
15 Plaintiff, FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR:
16 v. 1. Trademark Infringement - 15 U.S.C. §
17 PODFITNESS, INC., and DOES 1-100, 2. Trademark Infringement, Unfair
inclusive, Competition, and False Designation of
Defendants. Origin - 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)
19 3. Trade Dress Infringement - 15 U.S.C. §
20 4. Trademark Dilution - 15 U.S.C. § 1125(c)
5. Trademark Infringement - Cal. Bus. & Prof.
21 Code § 14335 et seq.
6. Trademark Dilution - Cal. Bus. & Prof.
Code § 14330
23 7. Unfair Competition - Cal. Bus. & Prof.
Code §§ 17200 et seq.
24 8. Untrue and Misleading Advertising - Cal.
Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 17500 and 17535
25 9. Breach of Contract
26 10. Cybersquatting - 15 U.S.C. § 1125(d)
27 JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
1 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case No. C 06-5805 SBA ..
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 2 of 33
1 Plaintiff APPLE INC. hereby states and alleges as follows:
2 NATURE OF THE ACTION
3 1. This action seeks permanent injunctive relief and damages against Defendant’s
4 willful infringement and dilution of Plaintiff’s famous trademark IPOD, under the Lanham
5 Trademark Act of 1946, as amended, Title 15, United States Code, § 1051 et seq. (the “Lanham
6 Act”), and for infringement, dilution and unfair competition under California Business &
7 Professions Code §§14330, 14335, 17200, 17500 and 17535. This action also seeks permanent
8 injunctive relief and damages for breach of contract and for cybersquatting in violation of the
9 Lanham Act.
10 2. APPLE INC. (“Apple”) is a corporation organized under the laws of California,
11 with a business address at 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California, 95014. Apple is one of the
12 world’s leading computer technology companies and the creator of the enormously successful
13 portable handheld media player offered and sold under the trademark IPOD. Apple’s worldwide
14 annual sales in 2006 were US$19.3 billion. Apple sold approximately 7,676,000 IPOD players in
16 3. On information and belief, defendant PODFITNESS, INC. (“Defendant”) is a
17 corporation organized under the laws of Nevada, with a business address at 235 West Sego Lily
18 Drive, 2nd Floor Sandy, Utah 84070.
19 4. On information and belief, Defendant is in the business of offering goods and
20 services that involve the use of Apple’s ITUNES proprietary digital media player application to
21 create customized digital audio files. Such files, which feature music and instructional advice
22 from professional fitness trainers, are designed to be played on the consumer’s portable media
23 player, particularly the IPOD player, to facilitate his or her exercise routine. Defendant promotes
24 its products and services on the Internet at http://www.podfitness.com under the trade name
25 PODFITNESS.COM and uses the trademark and service mark PODFITNESS, and other similar
26 POD-formative marks, detailed below, in connection with its goods and services. Defendant’s
27 trade name and marks are highly similar to and confusingly similar to Apple’s famous trademarks
28 as they are used in the marketplace, and Defendant has intentionally sought to imply an
2 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 3 of 33
1 association with Apple in its marketing and advertising. Unless Defendant is enjoined from
2 continuing to use marks confusingly similar to Apple’ s famous IPOD mark, and any other
3 confusing signs or indicia, to promote its goods and services, the IPOD mark will continue to be
4 infringed and diluted, thereby destroying the distinctive quality that Apple has developed over the
5 years, to the detriment of Apple and the public.
7 5. This is a civil action arising under the Lanham Act, Title 15, United States Code,
8 §§1114, 1125(a), (c) and (d) et seq. and under the common and statutory laws of California. This
9 Court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 (federal question jurisdiction),§
10 1338 (trademark and unfair competition), and § 1367 (supplemental jurisdiction).
11 6. Personal jurisdiction over the defendant is vested and venue is proper pursuant to
12 28 U.S.C. § 1391 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California
13 because a substantial part of the events giving rise to the claims herein occurred in this District,
14 and Defendant owns and operates an interactive website that displays and promotes the infringing
15 marks and attempts to establish communication on-line with parties who are interested in
16 Defendant’ s goods and services, including parties in this District. On information and belief,
17 Defendant solicits and has done business using Apple’ s marks, or marks infringing Apple’ s marks
18 in this State with customers located within this State and in this District and thereby purposefully
19 availed itself of the privilege of doing business in this State and in this District. The claims
20 alleged herein arise out of or are related to the defendant’ s forum-related activities and the
21 exercise of jurisdiction herein is otherwise reasonable. Personal jurisdiction is also proper over
22 the Defendant in that the intentional and wrongful conduct described herein was directed at this
23 District and at Apple, whom Defendant knew to be a resident of this District, and who is a resident
24 of this State, and who suffered damage in this District as a result of Defendant’ s intentional
25 conduct.
26 7. Venue is proper in the United States District Court for the Northern District of
27 California pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§1391(b) and (c) as the claims arise in this District and
28 Defendant, a corporation, is subject to personal jurisdiction in this District.
3 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 4 of 33
2 Apple’s Valuable Trademark Rights
3 8. In addition to its position as one of the world’ s most successful and innovative
4 computer technology companies, Apple has spearheaded the digital music revolution through its
5 IPOD portable handheld media players and its ITUNES on-line music store.
6 9. Since its introduction on October 23, 2001, the IPOD player has become an
7 extremely popular and widely recognized consumer product, with over 50 million units sold
8 worldwide. The IPOD player has led digital media player sales in the U.S. for the past several
9 years, garnering tremendous commercial success.
10 10. In the past five years, the IPOD player has truly become a cultural phenomenon.
11 As stated by Andy Serwer in a Fortune magazine article dated June 27, 2005, “ [i]t’ s hard to recall
12 any branded recreational product that ever carried the cultural oomph that the iPod now has.”
13 Steven Levy, author of The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture and
14 Coolness calls the IPOD “ the most familiar, and certainly the most desirable, new object of the
15 twenty-first century. You could even make the case that it is the twenty-first century.” Leander
16 Kahney adds in The Cult of iPod, “ Fire, the wheel, and the iPod. In the history of invention,
17 gadgets don’ t come more iconic than Apple’ s digital music player. The iPod is to the 21st century
18 what the big band was to the ‘20s, the radio to the ‘40s, or the jukebox to the ‘50s - the signature
19 technology that defines the musical culture of the era.” As an example of the IPOD player’ s
20 reach, starting in the fall of 2004, Duke University initiated a program in which all incoming
21 freshman were provided IPOD players, free of charge, to use as high-tech educational tools to
22 record lectures, capture scientific data and play language-training recordings.
23 11. On information and belief, consumers and industry publications have adopted and
24 have used in the marketplace the term “ POD” as slang for the mark IPOD, to refer to Apple’ s
25 IPOD player.
26 12. The IPOD player is comprised of a portable and handheld digital electronic
27 device and integrated software for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and
28 reviewing text, audio and video files. The IPOD player is promoted and sold for a variety of uses,
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 5 of 33
1 including entertainment, education, and exercise.
2 13. Every IPOD player is packaged with Apple’ s stylized and unique white
3 earphones, commonly called earbuds. Apple’ s distinctive earbuds consist of white circular ear
4 speakers with a gray rim, which are attached to a white cylinder of molded plastic covering the
5 white wire. Apple’ s earbuds have been prominently displayed in its advertising for the IPOD
6 player, and, most famously, are featured in Apple’ s popular silhouette advertising campaigns. As
7 a result of this well-known advertising campaign and the success of the IPOD products, the
8 distinctive white earbuds have become associated with Apple and its IPOD players. Such earbuds
9 shall be referred to hereafter as the “ Earbud Trade Dress.”
10 14. Since their introduction in October 2001, Apple has continuously and extensively
11 promoted, offered and sold its IPOD players, and related goods and services, in interstate
12 commerce under the IPOD mark. The IPOD players are available in retail stores and on-line at
13 various websites, including The Apple Store at the URL http://store.apple.com.
14 15. On October 18, 2001, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial No.
15 78/089,144 for the IPOD mark. On May 9, 2006, the United States Patent and Trademark Office
16 issued Registration No. 3,089,360 to Apple for IPOD for “ portable and handheld digital electronic
17 devices for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing text, data, and audio
18 files; computer software for use in organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing text,
19 data, and audio files on portable and handheld digital electronic device.” A true and correct copy
20 of the USPTO online record for Registration No. 3,089,360 is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
21 16. On October 18, 2001, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial No.
22 75/982,871 for IPOD. On April 27, 2004, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued
23 Registration No. 2,835,698 to Apple for IPOD for “ portable and handheld digital electronic
24 devices for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing audio files; computer
25 software for use in organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing audio files on portable
26 and handheld digital electronic devices.” A true and correct copy of the USPTO online record for
27 Registration No. 2,835,698 is attached hereto as Exhibit B.
28 17. On March 29, 2005, Joseph N. Grasso assigned the entire interest in Registration
5 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 6 of 33
1 No. 2,781,793 to Apple for IPOD for “ public Internet kiosk enclosure containing computer
2 hardware.” A true and correct copy of the USPTO online record for Registration No. 2,781,793 is
3 attached hereto as Exhibit C.
4 18. On November 23, 2004, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial
5 No. 78/521,891 for IPOD for “ printed materials and publications, namely, books, magazines,
6 newsletters, brochures, booklets, pamphlets, manuals, journals, leaflets, greeting cards, and
7 catalogues all relating to computer software, computer hardware, consumer electronics, digital
8 technology, telecommunications, on-line retailing, entertainment, music, movies and video, and
9 multimedia apparatus and instruments; pens and pencils, clipboards, posters, memo pads,
10 binders.” This application is based on Application No. 3957768 for IPOD in the European Union,
11 and received a priority filing date of July 28, 2004, under Section 44(d) of the Lanham Act. A true
12 and correct copy of the USPTO online record for this application is attached hereto as Exhibit D.
13 19. On December 14, 2004, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial
14 No. 78/532,252 for IPOD for “ Educational services in the nature of classes and training services
15 offered in-person and over computer networks in the fields of K-12 education, university-level
16 subjects, topics of general interest, and computer hardware and software applications;
17 entertainment services in the nature of musical, video, audio-video, and textual materials, namely
18 books, plays, pamphlets, brochures, newsletters, journals, and magazines, on the subjects of
19 sporting and cultural activities and a wide range of topics of general interest offered in-person and
20 distributed over computer networks; providing electronic publications for browsing and
21 downloading over computer networks, namely books, pamphlets, brochures, newsletters, journals,
22 and magazines, on the subjects of computer hardware and software applications and a wide range
23 of topics of general interest; editing of audio-tapes; editing of video-tapes; editing of written text;
24 editing of photographic images; videotape editing; digital imaging services; providing
25 information, advice and consultation services relating to all the aforesaid.” This application is
26 based on Application No. 3957768 for IPOD in the European Union, and received a priority filing
27 date of July 28, 2004, under Section 44(d) of the Lanham Act. A true and correct copy of the
28 USPTO online record for this application is attached hereto as Exhibit E.
6 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 7 of 33
1 20. On December 21, 2005, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial
2 No. 78/778,627 for IPOD NANO. On January 2, 2007, the United States Patent and Trademark
3 Office issued Registration No. 3,192,683 to Apple for IPOD NANO for “ portable and handheld
4 digital electronic devices for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing text,
5 data, and audio files; computer software for use in organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and
6 reviewing text, data, and audio files on portable and handheld digital electronic devices.” A true
7 and correct copy of the USPTO online record for Registration No. 3,192,683 is attached hereto as
8 Exhibit F.
9 21. On June 18, 2005, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial No.
10 78/653,661 for IPOD for “ a full line of electronic and mechanical accessories for portable and
11 handheld digital electronic devices for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and
12 reviewing text, data, audio and video files; electronic docking stations; stands specially designed
13 for holding portable and handheld digital electronic devices; battery chargers; battery packs;
14 electrical connectors, wires, cables, and adaptors; wired and wireless remote controls for portable
15 and handheld digital electronic devices; headphones and earphones; stereo amplifier and speaker
16 base stations; automobile stereo adapters; audio recorders; radio receivers; radio transmitters;
17 image scanners; video viewers, namely video monitors for portable and handheld digital electronic
18 devices; and, electronic memory card readers; a full line of computer software for portable and
19 handheld digital electronic devices for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and
20 reviewing text, data, audio, image, and video files; computer application software for recording
21 and organizing calendars and schedules, to-do lists, and contact information; computer game
22 software; and, computer software for clock and alarm clock functionality; carrying cases, sacks,
23 and bags, all for use with portable and handheld digital electronic devices for recording,
24 organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing text, data, audio, image, and video files.” A
25 true and correct copy of the USPTO online record for this application is attached hereto as Exhibit
27 22. On August 10, 2005, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial No.
28 78/689,534 for MADE FOR IPOD & Design for “ a full line of electronic and mechanical
7 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 8 of 33
1 accessories for portable and handheld digital electronic devices for recording, organizing,
2 transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing text, data, audio and video files; electronic docking
3 stations; stands specially designed for holding portable and handheld digital electronic devices;
4 battery chargers; battery packs; electrical connectors, wires, cables, and adaptors; wired and
5 wireless remote controls for portable and handheld digital electronic devices; headphones and
6 earphones; stereo amplifier and speaker base stations; automobile stereo adapters; audio recorders;
7 radio receivers; radio transmitters; image scanners; video viewers, namely video monitors for
8 portable and handheld digital electronic devices; and, electronic memory card readers; a full line
9 of computer software for portable and handheld digital electronic devices for recording,
10 organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing text, data, audio, image, and video files;
11 computer application software for recording and organizing calendars and schedules, to-do lists,
12 and contact information; computer game software; and, computer software for clock and alarm
13 clock functionality; carrying cases, sacks, and bags, all for use with portable and handheld digital
14 electronic devices for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing text, data,
15 audio, image, and video files.” A true and correct copy of the USPTO online record for this
16 application is attached hereto as Exhibit H.
17 23. On April 11, 2005, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial No.
18 78/606,357 for IPOD SOCKS. On March 27, 2007, the United States Patent and Trademark
19 Office issued Registration No. 3,221,419 to Apple for IPOD SOCKS for “ Cases and bags
20 specifically adapted for carrying computers and consumer electronics, namely, portable and
21 handheld digital electronic devices for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and
22 reviewing text, data, audio and video files.” A true and correct copy of the USPTO online record
23 for Registration No. 3,221,419 is attached hereto as Exhibit I.
24 24. On March 9, 2006, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial No.
25 78/833,929 for IPOD HI-FI for “ speakers; sound systems comprising remote controls, amplifiers,
26 loudspeakers and components thereof; apparatus for reproduction of sound; apparatus for
27 connecting and charging portable and handheld digital electronic devices for recording,
28 organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing audio, video and other digital content; parts
8 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 9 of 33
1 and fittings for all the aforesaid goods.” This application is based on Application No. 300497133
2 for IPOD HI-FI in Hong Kong, and received a priority filing date of September 20, 2005, under
3 Section 44(d) of the Lanham Act. A true and correct copy of the USPTO online record for this
4 application is attached hereto as Exhibit J.
5 25. On June 18, 2005, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial No.
6 78/653,667 for IPOD for “ full line of holders, straps, armbands, and clips for portable and
7 handheld digital electronic devices for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and
8 reviewing text, data, audio, image, and video files; lanyards for portable and handheld digital
9 electronic devices for recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing text, data,
10 audio, image, and video files.” A true and correct copy of the USPTO online record for this
11 application is attached hereto as Exhibit K.
12 26. On June 18, 2005, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial No.
13 78/653,669 for IPOD for “ full line of clothing, footwear, and headwear.” A true and correct copy
14 of the USPTO online record for this application is attached hereto as Exhibit L.
15 27. On November 23, 2004, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial
16 No. 78/521,796 for IPOD for “ Retail store services and retail store services provided via
17 communications networks featuring computers, computer software, computer peripherals and
18 consumer electronics, and pre-recorded music, audio-visual and music-related products; product
19 demonstrations provided in-store and via communications networks; information and consultation
20 in connection with all of the foregoing; computerized data storage and retrieval services for digital
21 music, photographs, and audio-visual and text works; information and consultation in connection
22 therewith.” This application is based on Application No. 3957768 for IPOD in the European
23 Union, and received a priority filing date of July 28, 2004, under Section 44(d) of the Lanham Act.
24 A true and correct copy of the USPTO online record for this application is attached hereto as
25 Exhibit M.
26 28. On July 29, 2004, Apple filed United States Trademark Application Serial No.
27 78/459,101 for the POD mark for “ portable and handheld digital electronic devices for recording,
28 organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing audio files, and peripherals for use
9 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 10 of 33
1 therewith; computer software for use in organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing
2 audio files on portable and handheld digital electronic devices.” This application is based on
3 Section 44(e) of the Lanham Act, and claims a priority filing date of January 30, 2004 in reliance
4 on Registration No. 3634623 for POD in the European Union. A true and correct copy of the
5 USPTO online record for this application is attached hereto as Exhibit N.
6 29. Apple has used and is using its IPOD mark in commerce on and in connection
7 with offering and selling its portable handheld media players and associated goods and services
8 continuously since October 2001. On information and belief, the POD mark has been used by
9 consumers and industry publications as a slang term for the IPOD mark and product.
10 30. On information and belief, since its introduction in 2001, consumers have used
11 Apple’ s IPOD products in connection with their fitness activities. As a result, for several years,
12 Apple has marketed and sold IPOD-compatible protective “ sports cases” and arm bands to
13 facilitate the use of the IPOD player while exercising. Apple markets such accessories at The
14 Apple Store (at http://store.apple.com) under the slogan, “ [k]eep you IPOD secure when you’ re on
15 the go. Perfect for riding, running, and working out.”
16 31. In May 2006 Apple announced that it had entered into a collaboration with shoe
17 manufacturer Nike to release a new product, referred to as Nike +IPOD, that would allow a
18 runner’ s shoes to communicate with an IPOD player. The Nike + IPOD Sports Kit component of
19 the product is designed to allow an IPOD player to function as a personal trainer or coach, and to
20 help the user achieve individualized fitness goals. The Nike +IPOD product is being promoted by
21 Apple and Nike in advertisements, some of which feature Apple’ s distinctive Earbud Trade Dress
22 next to a running shoe, and is now available in retail stores and on-line at various websites,
23 including The Apple Store at the URL http://store.apple.com. Apple’ s ITUNES Store also
24 features numerous downloadable podcasts, “ iMixes” (pre-made audio file mixes), and celebrity
25 playlists which incorporate a fitness theme. Such products are marketed to consumers under a link
26 entitled “ Nike Sport Music,” specifically for facilitating the use of the IPOD player in connection
27 with exercise activities.
10 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 11 of 33
1 The Fame of Apple’s Trademarks
2 32. In the almost five years that Apple has been continuously using the IPOD mark in
3 interstate commerce, it has spent hundreds of millions of dollars advertising and promoting its
4 goods and services under the IPOD mark in a variety of media, including but not limited to
5 television, radio, a wide variety of general circulation and specialized print media, billboards,
6 trade shows and the Internet. The goods and services offered by Apple under the IPOD mark
7 have been the subject of many thousands of articles in general circulation newspapers and
8 magazines, as well as radio, television and Internet broadcasts.
9 33. By virtue of the long, continuous and exclusive use by Apple of the IPOD mark
10 and the extensive and costly national and international marketing efforts and repeated association
11 of Apple’ s goods and services with the IPOD mark, Apple’ s mark has become famous all over the
12 world. As a result, the consuming public in California and nationwide uses the IPOD mark to
13 identify Apple’ s goods and services, and associates the mark with Apple exclusively. Because of
14 the consistent quality of Apple’ s goods and services marketed under and in association with the
15 IPOD mark, Apple has established considerable good will and reputation with respect to its goods
16 and services.
17 34. Apple’ s use of the IPOD mark has been exclusive and continuous since long prior
18 to the date of Defendant’ s first use of its mark. Furthermore, Apple’ s IPOD mark became famous
19 long before the date of Defendant’ s first use of the infringing POD-formative marks referenced
20 herein. The IPOD mark is well known and is an asset of immense value to Apple.
21 Defendant’s Wrongful Conduct
22 35. On information and belief, Defendant PodFitness launched its business in March
23 2006 as a direct result of the popularity of the IPOD players. On information and belief, in order
24 to trade on the good will established by Apple in its IPOD mark, Defendant intentionally chose
25 the trade name PODFITNESS to deceive and mislead consumers into believing that Defendant’ s
26 business is somehow affiliated with Apple and Apple’ s products. Defendant also engaged in a
27 variety of illegal activities, described below, all for the purpose of creating confusion as to the
28 source of its goods and services in order to profit from the success of the IPOD mark.
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 12 of 33
1 36. Defendant has adopted and now uses PODFITNESS as a trademark for its
2 downloadable audio files for handheld media players and related services, which it promotes and
3 provides on the Internet through its website located at www.podfitness.com.
4 37. In order to provide its services, Defendant requires its subscribers to download
5 Apple’ s ITUNES software so that it can mix a trainer’ s voice with music from the subscriber’ s
6 ITUNES media library. Defendant allows a user to select: 1) a particular trainer, 2) a particular
7 exercise, and 3) a particular ITUNES playlist from the subscriber’ s music library. Once the
8 subscriber has installed ITUNES on his computer, he must then download the Podfitness software
9 application, the Podfitness Mixer. The Podfitness application has intelligence to cater the trainer’ s
10 voice to the subscriber (i.e. according to the selected exercise, the user’ s fitness level controls
11 cadence, number of reps, number of sets, etc.). The result is a customized audio workout that
12 plays the subscriber’ s music as background music to the trainer’ s voice instruction. Defendant’ s
13 services entirely depend on Apple’ s proprietary ITUNES software to store, manage, play, control
14 the audio content, and encode the mixed media into MPEG-4 format.
15 38. Upon information and belief, after Apple’ s creation of the ITUNES software, and
16 with full access to and knowledge of the ITUNES software, Defendant began manufacturing and
17 promoting a software application, the Podfitness Mixer, which represents a derivative work of the
18 ITUNES Software. The Podfitness Mixer is used in connection with the creation and distribution
19 of customized audio workout files, in direct competition with Apple’ s Nike Sport Music products
20 and services.
21 39. Defendant charges subscribers $19.95 per month to use the application, without
22 any of the fees going to Apple.
23 40. Below is a snapshot of the Podfitness User Interface: the Podfitness Mixer. The
24 user interface allows the subscriber to select a trainer, select an exercise, select an ITUNES
25 playlist, and then mix. The result is an MPEG-4 Audio File, a mix of the trainer’ s voice and the
26 subscriber’ s music, that gets saved into an ITUNES playlist entitled “ Podfitness.”
12 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 13 of 33
10 41. On information and belief, Defendant obtained access to the ITUNES software
11 (also referred to herein as the “ Apple Software” ) data by agreeing to the terms and conditions of
12 the “ iTunes COM for Windows SDK License Agreement,” attached hereto as Exhibit O. The
13 iTunes COM for Windows SDK License Agreement expressly provides that “ [n]o names,
14 trademarks, service marks or logos of Apple Computer, Inc. may be used to endorse or promote
15 products derived from the Apple Software without specific prior written permission from Apple.”
16 42. On information and belief, Defendant has also agreed to the “ Apple Developer
17 Connection Terms and Conditions,” attached hereto as Exhibit P. Section 2 of the Apple
18 Developer Connection Terms and Conditions expressly provides: “ You agree to follow Apple’ s
19 Guidelines for Using Apple Trademarks and Copyrights as published on Apple’ s website at
20 http://www.apple.com/legal/trademark/guidelinesfor3rdparties.html and as may be modified from
21 time to time. You agree not to use the marks ‘Apple,” the Apple Logo, and ‘Mac,’ or any other
22 marks belonging or licensed to Apple in any way except as expressly authorized by Apple.”
23 43. Defendant has not obtained permission from Apple to use images of Apple
24 products and the Apple trademarks, including IPOD, ITUNES, the Earbud Trade Dress, and the
25 Shuffle logo, in connection with its Podfitness Mixer and the resulting Podfitness Goods and
27 44. Defendant’ s PODFITNESS product is directly competitive with goods and
28 services offered by Apple under its IPOD mark, including, but not limited to Nike +IPOD.
13 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 14 of 33
1 45. Defendant has also adopted the following logo (on the left) (herein referred to as
2 the “ PODFITNESS.COM Logo”) for its products and services, which it promotes on its website
3 and which incorporates an image of white and grey earbuds that are strikingly similar to the
4 Earbud Trade Dress:
9 The Earbud Trade Dress is depicted above on the right. A captured image of the Defendant’ s
10 website showing use of the PODFITNESS.COM Logo in commerce is attached hereto as Exhibit
11 Q. A printout of Apple’ s website showing use of the Earbud Trade Dress in commerce is attached
12 hereto as Exhibit R. While Defendant has removed many instances of the Podfitness.com Logo
13 from its website in response to the filing this lawsuit, the logo has been utilized as recently as
14 January 31, 2007 in connection with a launch party for Defendant’ s new television program on
15 Lifetime Television entitled “ My Workout…Powered by Podfitness.” Defendant also continues to
16 utilize the Podfitness.com Logo in its business to this day.
17 46. Defendant has also copied and prominently displays Apple’ s registered IPOD
18 mark throughout its www.podfitness.com website and particularly on the homepage, including in
19 the tagline: “ Put a Personal Trainer right on your IPOD®,” and the bold caption: “ Customized
20 IPOD Workouts” (although Defendant recently removed both phrases from its home page after
21 Apple filed this lawsuit). Defendant repeatedly displays conspicuous photos of the IPOD product
22 on the site, and prominently features images of individuals exercising while wearing Apple’ s well-
23 known Earbud Trade Dress. (See Exhibit S for captured images of Defendant’ s website dated July
24 27, 2006 and September 20, 2006). In the “ Support” section of the website, Defendant states that
25 “ you will need to have [Apple’ s] ITUNES 6 installed in order to use the PodFitness software.”
26 47. On information and belief, Defendant has directly copied images of the IPOD
27 player from Apple’ s website at www.apple.com to use on its own www.podfitness.com website, as
28 shown in the comparison below. A captured image of Apple’ s IPOD player from Apple’ s website
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 15 of 33
1 is depicted below to the right. (See Exhibit T for a full printout from Apple’ s website showing
2 images of its IPOD players.) The virtually identical image to the left is taken from Defendant’ s
3 website (see Exhibit S for captured images from Defendant’ s website).
16 48. Defendant has also used Apple’ s registered IPOD mark in the metatags of each
17 page on its www.podfitness.com website, causing Defendant’ s website to appear as a “ hit” when a
18 query is conducted through a search engine for the following phrases: “ IPOD workout music” ; “ I
19 POD trainer” ; “ I POD workout” ; “ I POD workouts” ; “ IPOD workouts” ; “ IPOD trainer.”
20 49. Defendant is also listed as a sponsored link on the search engine www.google.com
21 in connection with the keywords “ IPOD Workout” and “ IPOD Fitness,” causing a link to the
22 www.podfitness.com website to appear prominently in the top banner or right margin of the screen
23 in response to a search query for such terms.
24 50. In addition to using IPOD as a metatag and keyword, Defendant has incorporated
25 the mark into its domain names. Defendant registered and uses the domain names ipodfitness.com
26 and ipodworkouts.com to automatically re-direct to its homepage at podfitness.com.
27 51. Defendant posted the following explanation for the inspiration behind the creation
28 of Podfitness on its www.podfitness.com website:
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 16 of 33
1 Supernova Marketplace: The Intersection of Music, iPod and Fitness
When Podfitness was founded in January 2005, Apple had sold just over 10 million
2 iPods. Sensing a major shift coming, CEO Jeff Hays gambled that the iPod-led
MP3 revolution had the potential not only to change the economics of the music
3 business, but also the fitness industry. This began a multimillion-dollar process of
conceptualizing, building, and refining the idea of Podfitness.
Now, in 2006, there have been over 50 million iPods sold, and the “ Made for iPod”
5 market is white-hot. In addition, the number of people focusing on fitness has never
been higher: there are 40 million fitness club members in the U.S. alone.
Not coincidentally, at this exact time, Podfitness is at the culmination of 18
7 months’ efforts…
8 https://podfitness.com/web/template/corporate?aff=home
9 52. On March 16, 2006, Defendant ran a full-page advertisement in the Wall Street
10 Journal, which stated in large type:
11 Dear Steve Jobs,
Thanks for the IPOD®.
12 Best,
P.S. Wait till you hear what we did with it!
14 Call me, 801-990-3238
15 The bottom of the advertisement prominently displayed the white earbuds shown in the
16 PODFITNESS.COM Logo mark along with the tagline “ Your Music. Your Workout. Your Way.”
17 Underneath the logo in smaller print, the advertisement read:
18 “ If you’ re not Steve, and would like to download unlimited, customized training sessions
19 mixed with your music, it’ s only $19.95 per month. For you Steve, it’ s on the house.
20 www.podfitness.com/steve.”
21 A copy of the above-referenced advertisement is attached hereto as Exhibit U.
22 53. Also on the PODFITNESS website at www.podfitness.com/steve, Defendant
23 posted the following “ letter” to Steve Jobs:
24 Dear Steve,
25 Thanks for coming to the site.
26 Can I tell you a quick story?
27 Like millions of others, in December of 2004 my 44-year-old wife and I got iPods
for Christmas. My 25 year old son was on his 3rd, our teenagers were on their 1st
28 or 2nd. But when my techno-phobic wife got one... well, it was obvious that the
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 17 of 33
1 iPod had crossed the chasm. Like the rest of the business world, I couldn’ t wait to
So, a month later (January 2005), I filed a couple of patent applications for an idea
3 that I’ d been tinkering with for a while. I called it Podfitness. The idea was to
create a service that would create customized, downloadable, personalized audio
4 workouts that could each be mixed with the users’ own favorite music. So, off we
After we embarked on a yearlong programming journey, as you know, Apple went
6 on to sell 32 million more iPods. (Congratulations, by the way!) This was terrific,
but of course “ competitors” started appearing. Dang it! None of them were creating
7 anything new, no technology, it was just people taking static workouts and
converting them to mp3. We could have done that on our first day, (heck, my 15
8 year old does it every day, what’ s the big deal about ripping a CD?) It was pure hell
to sit back and watch people enter the market with... well, nothing. All the while,
9 we’ re quietly working away, burning cash, programming, partnering and recording.
And the clock was ticking...
Well, it took us over a year and a couple of million dollars, but we did it.
54. It is widely known to the public that Steve Jobs is the CEO of Apple. Neither
Steve Jobs, nor Apple, authorized this use of his name in Defendant’ s advertisements for the
PODFITNESS product.
55. Defendant has also imitated Apple’ s renowned silhouette advertisements. One
example shows a silhouette of a snowman wearing what is clearly an IPOD player with the telltale
white earbuds. The caption simply states “ Ice Ice Baby: Everyone has their favorite holiday song,
what’ s yours? Happy Holidays from Podfitness and Power Music.” See Exhibit V. Another
shows a silhouette of an individual in a yoga position wearing the earbuds. Id.
56. On information and belief, Defendant used these commercial advertisements for
the purpose of misleading and confusing the public about its association with Apple, and to trade
on the good will, reputation and fame of Apple, its CEO and its IPOD player, and its enormous
investment in the IPOD mark, and to unjustly enrich itself at the expense of Apple and the public.
57. On information and belief, Defendant has entered into an arrangement with the W
Hotels whereby guests at the hotels are offered a free subscription to Defendant’ s services. On
information and belief, Defendant has used this commercial opportunity for the purpose of
misleading and confusing the public about its association with Apple.
58. To further mislead the public about its association with Apple, Defendant has also
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 18 of 33
1 attempted to bundle its services with other IPOD accessories. On August 5, 2006, Defendant
2 entered into an agreement with Marware (one of Apple’ s largest IPOD accessory providers)
3 regarding the cross-promotion of the company’ s respective goods and services.
4 59. Defendant has also adopted the following arrow logo (on the left is an image from
5 the podfitness.com web site) for its products and services, which it promotes on its website and
6 which is identical to Apple’ s shuffle logo, the subject of U.S. Registration No. 3,067,950 for
7 “ portable and handheld digital electronic devices, and parts therefore sold together as a unit, for
8 recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing data and audio files; computer
9 software for use in organizing, transmitting, manipulating, and reviewing data and audio files on
10 portable and handheld digital electronic devices” (the “ Shuffle Logo” ).
15 Apple’ s Shuffle Logo is depicted on the right.
16 60. Defendant also uses aspects of Apple’ s MADE FOR IPOD logo, the subject of
17 U.S. Application Serial No. 78/689,534, to promote and sell its goods and services.
18 61. Apple has not consented to any of Defendant’ s uses of its IPOD mark or its
19 product images, nor any mark comprised in whole or part of POD, nor has Apple sponsored,
20 endorsed or approved the goods or services offered and promoted by Defendant. Nor is there any
21 affiliation between Apple and Defendant.
22 62. On November 29, 2005, Defendant filed Application Serial No. 78/762,928 with
23 the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to register the PODFITNESS mark for
24 its products and services in three classes, including the same class of goods for which IPOD is
25 registered, namely:
26 Class 9: Downloadable music, audio programs and audio files; downloadable music
recordings for exercise programs, fitness plans and training systems
Class 35: On-line retail store services in the field of music, audio programs and audio files;
28 on-line retail store services featuring downloadable pre-recorded music; on-line retail store
18 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 19 of 33
1 services in the field of exercise programs, fitness plans and training systems
2 Class 41: Providing an on-line computer database featuring information regarding exercise
programs, fitness plans and training systems; providing an on-line computer database in
3 the field of music, audio programs and audio files for exercise programs, fitness plans and
training systems; providing digital music from web sites on the Internet; providing digital
4 music from the Internet
(the “ PodFitness Goods and Services” ).
63. On December 17, 2005, Defendant filed Application Serial No. 78/775,610 with
the USPTO to register the PODFITNESS.COM Logo mark for the PodFitness Goods and
64. On January 9, 2006, Defendant filed Application Serial No. 78/787,637 with the
USPTO to register the PODPOCKET mark for clothing , namely, “ blouses; caps; coats; footwear;
gloves; hats; headwear; jackets; jerseys; pants; pullovers; shirts; short-sleeved or long-sleeved t-
shirts; shorts; socks; sweaters; t-shirts; tops; underwear.”
65. On January 27, 2006, Defendant filed Application Serial No. 78/800,739 with the
USPTO to register the mark PODWORKOUT mark for PodFitness Goods and Services.
66. Defendant’ s marks described in paragraphs 49 and 50 will be referred to herein as
the “ Infringing Marks.” All of Defendant’ s above-listed marks in paragraphs 49-52 will be
collectively referred to herein as the “ PodFitness Marks.”
67. Promptly upon learning of Defendant’ s use of PODFITNESS as a trade name and
trademark, on March 14, 2006, Apple’ s counsel sent a letter to Jeffrey Hays, Defendant’ s
president, notifying him that Defendant’ s use of the PODFITNESS mark and the depiction of
Apple’ s Earbud Trade Dress as part of the PODFITNESS.COM Logo mark infringed Apple’ s
trademark rights and diluted the distinctive quality of Apple’ s IPOD marks. Apple requested that
Defendant cease its use or intended use of the PodFitness Marks and its plans to launch the
product, which Defendant’ s website indicated was scheduled for March 21, 2006. Apple also
requested Defendant abandon its pending applications for the PodFitness Marks.
68. On March 20, 2006, Apple’ s counsel called Mr. Hays and put him on notice again
of the unlawfulness of Defendant’ s actions before it proceeded with its scheduled launch.
19 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 20 of 33
1 69. Shortly thereafter, Defendant proceeded to launch its PODFITNESS service
2 despite notice and knowledge of Apple’ s concerns.
3 70. Despite repeated efforts, Apple has been unable to obtain Defendant’ s agreement
4 to voluntarily cease the infringing and diluting activities, referred to above, and the infringing and
5 diluting conduct continues today. Defendant’ s pattern of conduct and its outright refusal to
6 respect Apple’ s trademark rights confirms Apple’ s belief that Defendant deliberately and willfully
7 selected and is using marks similar to Apple’ s famous trademarks to mislead and confuse
8 consumers into believing that Defendant’ s goods and services are provided, sponsored, or
9 approved by Apple, and to mislead consumers that Defendant is somehow associated with Apple.
10 Defendant is improperly trading on Apple’ s reputation and good will and its enormous investment
11 in and promotion of the IPOD mark, and is diluting the distinctiveness of the IPOD mark.
12 71. Apple, the famous IPOD mark, and the business of Apple are known to
13 Defendant and were known to Defendant at the time it adopted the PodFitness Marks and began
14 offering its goods and services under the Infringing Marks.
15 72. Defendant’ s first commercial use of the Infringing Marks for its goods and
16 services occurred much later than Apple’ s first use of the IPOD mark for its goods and services,
17 and well after Apple’ s IPOD mark had become famous.
18 73. Defendant’ s trademark applications for the PodFitness Marks were all filed
19 subsequent to the application date for Apple’ s IPOD registrations and POD application.
20 74. On information and belief, Defendant adopted the “ POD” portion of its mark to
21 make a direct reference to Apple’ s IPOD product, with full knowledge that POD is used as a slang
22 term for IPOD.
23 75. The PodFitness Marks are identical or very similar to Apple’ s marks, the most
24 prominent element of the PodFitness Marks, “ POD,” comprising the most prominent element of
25 Apple’ s IPOD mark. In addition, the dominant element of the PodFitness Marks, “ POD,” is
26 identical to the “ POD” slang term used to refer to the IPOD products.
27 76. Defendant uses, or intends to use, the PodFitness Marks on goods and services
28 that are identical, or at least highly related, to Apple’ s IPOD goods and related services.
20 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 21 of 33
1 77. Defendant’ s promotion and sales of its goods and services under the Infringing
2 Marks are directed to consumers of Apple’ s IPOD products and are conducted through the same
3 channels of trade as are used by Apple to promote and sell its IPOD goods and related services.
4 78. Defendant’ s use of the Infringing Marks and Defendant’ s actions described herein
5 are likely to cause confusion, deception and/or mistake in the marketplace, the relevant industry,
6 and all channels of trade for Apple’ s IPOD goods and related services.
7 79. Defendant’ s use of the Infringing Marks and Defendant’ s actions described herein
8 cause dilution of the famous IPOD mark.
9 80. Defendant’ s use of the Infringing Marks and its actions described herein have
10 been, and continue to be, deliberate, willful, and with disregard to the rights of Apple.
11 81. Defendant’ s continuing conduct constitutes an ongoing threat to Apple and the
12 public. Apple has sustained and will continue to sustain irreparable injury as a result of
13 Defendant’ s conduct, which injury is not compensable by the award of monetary damages. Unless
14 Defendant is restrained and enjoined from engaging in its infringing and diluting conduct, Apple
15 will continue to suffer irreparable injury.
16 FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION
(Trademark Infringement – 15 U.S.C. § 1114(1))
18 82. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
19 paragraphs.
20 83. Prior to Defendant’ s adoption of the PodFitness Marks and use of the Infringing
21 Marks, Defendant either had actual notice and knowledge, or constructive notice (pursuant to 15
22 U.S.C. § 1072), of Apple’ s ownership and registrations of the IPOD mark.
23 84. On information and belief, Defendant was aware of Apple’ s business and its
24 IPOD mark and registrations prior to Defendant’ s adoption of the PodFitness Marks and use of
25 the Infringing Marks in connection with its business.
26 85. On information and belief, Defendant deliberately and willfully used and is using
27 the Infringing Marks in an attempt to trade on the enormous goodwill, reputation and selling
28 power established by Apple under the IPOD mark, and to create a false impression of association
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 22 of 33
1 with Apple.
2 86. On information and belief, Defendant has used the Infringing Marks as
3 trademarks in interstate commerce, including in this judicial district.
4 87. On information and belief, the goods and services offered and/or sold by
5 Defendant under the Infringing Marks are moving and will continue to move through the same
6 channels of trade, and are being offered and/or sold through the same channels of advertising and
7 to the same consumer groups, as the goods and services that are offered and sold by Apple under
8 the IPOD mark.
9 88. Apple has not consented to Defendant’ s use of the Infringing Marks.
10 89. Defendant’ s unauthorized use of term “ POD” as a key component of its Infringing
11 Marks falsely indicates to consumers that Defendant’ s goods and/or services are in some manner
12 connected with, sponsored by, affiliated with, or related to Apple, and/or the products and services
13 of Apple.
14 90. Defendant’ s unauthorized use of the Infringing Marks is also likely to cause
15 consumers to be confused as to the source, nature and quality of the goods and/or services that
16 Defendant is selling in connection with the Infringing Marks.
17 91. Defendant’ s unauthorized use of the Infringing Marks has already caused actual
18 consumer confusion as to the source, nature and quality of the goods and/or services that
19 Defendant is selling in connection with the Infringing Marks.
20 92. Defendant’ s unauthorized use of the Infringing Marks, as set forth herein,
21 facilitates the acceptance of Defendant’ s goods and/or services throughout the marketplace, not
22 based on the quality of the goods and services provided by Defendant, but on the association that
23 the public is likely to make with Apple and the reputation and goodwill associated with Apple’ s
24 goods and services.
25 93. Defendant’ s unauthorized use of the Infringing Marks deprives Apple of the
26 ability to control the quality of the goods and services marketed under the IPOD mark, and
27 instead, places Apple’ s valuable reputation and goodwill into the hands of Defendant, over whom
28 Apple has no control.
22 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 23 of 33
1 94. The aforementioned activities of Defendant are likely to cause confusion or
2 mistake, or to deceive consumers or potential consumers wishing to purchase Apple’ s products
3 and services, and is also likely to confuse consumers as to an affiliation between Apple and
5 95. The aforementioned activities of Defendant have already caused actual consumer
6 confusion as to an affiliation between Apple and Defendant.
7 96. The aforementioned acts of Defendant constitute federal trademark infringement
8 in violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1114.
9 97. The intentional and willful nature of Defendant’ s acts makes this an exceptional
10 case under 15 U.S.C. § 1117(a).
11 98. Apple has been, is now, and will be irreparably harmed by Defendant’ s
12 aforementioned acts of infringement, and unless enjoined by the Court, Defendant will continue to
13 infringe upon the IPOD mark. There is no adequate remedy at law for the harm caused by the acts
14 of infringement alleged herein.
(Trademark Infringement, Unfair Competition, and False
16 Designation of Origin – 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a))
17 99. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
19 100. Apple is informed and believes that Defendant chose its trade name, domain name
20 and the PodFitness Marks, and took the other actions alleged above, to cause confusion or
21 mistake, or to deceive the public as to the origin, sponsorship, association or approval of the goods
22 and services of Defendant, deliberately to pass off Defendant’ s goods and services as those of
23 Apple, and/or to falsely imply an association with Apple.
24 101. Defendant’ s acts as alleged herein constitute, among other things, false
25 designations of origin, false or misleading descriptions of fact, or false or misleading
26 representations of fact which are likely to cause confusion or mistake, or to deceive the public as
27 to the origin, sponsorship, association or approval of the goods and services of Defendant.
28 102. Defendant’ s conduct constitutes trademark infringement and unfair competition in
23 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 24 of 33
1 violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a).
2 103. Unless enjoined, Defendant will continue its infringing conduct.
3 104. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant’ s infringing conduct, Apple has
4 suffered and will continue to suffer irreparable injury to its business reputation and goodwill for
5 which no adequate remedy exists at law, and has lost sales and profits in an amount not yet fully
6 ascertained.
7 105. Defendant’ s conduct complained of herein is malicious, fraudulent, knowing,
8 willful, and deliberate entitling Apple to an accounting of Defendant’ s profits, increased damages,
9 and an award of its attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in prosecuting this action under 15 U.S.C. §
(Trade Dress Infringement - 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a))
13 106. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
14 paragraphs.
15 107. Apple is the owner of common law rights throughout the United States in the
16 Earbud Trade Dress.
17 108. The Earbud Trade Dress has been prominently displayed in Apple’ s advertising
18 for the IPOD player, and, most famously, is featured in Apple’ s popular silhouette advertising
19 campaigns. As a result of this well-known advertising campaign and the success of the IPOD
20 products, the Earbud Trade Dress has come to be associated exclusively with Apple and its IPOD
21 players. (See Exhibit R).
22 109. The Earbud Trade Dress has become distinctive of Apple’ s digital music products
23 and services, and distinguishes Apple’ s goods and services from those offered by others.
24 110. The Earbud Trade Dress was distinctive long before Defendant began offering its
25 services on the podfitness.com website in connection with the PODFITNESS.COM Logo.
26 111. The Earbud Trade Dress is non-functional.
27 112. Defendant’ s unauthorized use of the PODFITNESS.COM Logo, which
28 incorporates the dominant elements comprising the Earbud Trade Dress, is likely to cause
24 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 25 of 33
1 confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive as to the source of the goods and services by Defendant,
2 or as to affiliation, connection, association, sponsorship, or approval of such goods and services.
3 113. Defendant’ s unauthorized use of the PODFITNESS.COM Logo, which
4 incorporates the dominant elements comprising the Earbud Trade Dress, is likely to cause the
5 public to believe that the goods and services Defendant is offering originate from Apple or are
6 associated with Apple.
7 114. Defendant’ s unauthorized use of the PODFITNESS.COM Logo, which
8 incorporates the dominant elements comprising the Earbud Trade Dress, constitutes a commercial
9 use in interstate commerce.
10 115. Defendant’ s unauthorized use of the PODFITNESS.COM Logo, which
11 incorporates the dominant elements comprising the Earbud Trade Dress, constitutes trade dress
12 infringement in violation of Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C.§ 1125(a).
13 116. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant’ s infringing conduct, Apple has
14 suffered and will continue to suffer irreparable injury to its business reputation and goodwill for
15 which no adequate remedy exists at law, and has lost sales and profits in an amount not yet fully
16 ascertained.
17 117. Defendant’ s conduct complained of herein is malicious, fraudulent, knowing,
18 willful, and deliberate entitling Apple to an accounting of Defendant’ s profits, increased damages,
19 and an award of its attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in prosecuting this action under 15 U.S.C. §
20 1117.
(Trademark Dilution – 15 U.S.C. § 1125(c))
23 118. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
24 paragraphs.
25 119. The IPOD mark and product have been and continue to be extensively promoted
26 and marketed nationwide. As a result, the IPOD mark has gained strong national public
27 recognition and is eligible for protection against dilution as a distinctive and famous mark.
28 120. The IPOD mark is well known, is of great value to Apple, is recognized and
25 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 26 of 33
1 relied upon by the trade and the public as identifying Apple as the source of Apple’ s goods and
2 services, and serves to distinguish Apple’ s goods and services from those of others. Apple’ s use
3 of the IPOD mark has been exclusive and continuous since long prior to the date of Defendant’ s
4 use of the Infringing Marks.
5 121. Defendant’ s use of the Infringing Marks in the advertising and promotion of its
6 goods and/or services dilutes the strength and value of the IPOD mark.
7 122. Without injunctive relief, Apple has no means by which to control the continuing
8 injury to its reputation and goodwill or of the continuing dilution of its trademark. Apple has been
9 and will continue to suffer irreparable injury for which no adequate remedy exists at law.
10 123. Defendant’ s conduct complained of herein is malicious, fraudulent, knowing,
11 willful, and deliberate entitling Apple to an accounting of Defendant’ s profits, increased damages,
12 and an award of its attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in prosecuting this action under 15 U.S.C. §
13 1117.
14 FIFTH CAUSE OF ACTION
(Trademark Infringement – Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §14335 et seq.)
16 124. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
18 125. Defendant engaged in the acts as alleged herein to enhance the commercial value
19 of its goods or services.
20 126. Defendant’ s acts as alleged herein constitute, among other things, unauthorized
21 use or infringement of Apple’ s trademark rights under California Business and Professions Code
22 §§ 14335 et seq.
23 127. Unless enjoined, Defendant will continue its infringing conduct.
24 128. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant’ s infringing conduct, Apple has
25 suffered and will continue to suffer irreparable injury to its business reputation and goodwill for
26 which no adequate remedy exists at law and has lost sales and profits in an amount not yet fully
27 ascertained.
28 129. Because Defendant’ s actions have been committed willfully, maliciously and
26 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 27 of 33
1 intentionally, Apple is entitled to recover Defendant’ s profits together with Apple’ s damages,
2 trebled, costs of the action, and reasonable attorneys’ fees pursuant to Cal. Bus & Prof. Code
3 §§14320, 14330, and 14340.
4 SIXTH CAUSE OF ACTION
(Trademark Dilution - Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 14330)
6 130. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
8 131. The IPOD mark has been and continues to be extensively promoted and marketed
9 nationwide. As a result, the IPOD mark has gained strong national public recognition and is
10 eligible for protection against dilution as a distinctive and famous mark.
11 132. Defendant’ s use of the Infringing Marks in the advertising and promotion for its
12 goods and/or services dilutes the distinctive quality of the IPOD mark.
13 133. The above acts by Defendant constitute trademark dilution under California
14 Business & Professions Code § 14330, the analogous statutes of other states, and under California
15 common law.
16 134. Without injunctive relief, Apple has no means by which to control the continuing
17 injury to its reputation and goodwill or of the continuing dilution of its trademark. Apple has been
18 and will continue to be irreparably harmed. No amount of money damages can adequately
19 compensate Apple if it loses the ability to control the use of its IPOD mark and the reputation and
20 goodwill attendant thereto through the false and unauthorized use of its trademark.
21 SEVENTH CAUSE OF ACTION
(Unfair Unlawful and Deceptive Business Practices - Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17200 et seq.)
23 135. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
25 136. Defendant’ s business practices alleged above are unfair and offend public policy
26 as they were unlawful, unfair, unscrupulous, and substantially injurious to Apple and consumers.
27 137. The above acts by Defendant constitute unfair competition and unfair business
28 practices in violation of the Section 17200 et seq. of the California Business & Professions Code,
27 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 28 of 33
1 prohibiting unfair, unlawful and deceptive business acts.
2 138. Pursuant to California Business and Professions Code § 17203, Apple is entitled
3 to enjoin these practices.
4 139. Without injunctive relief, Apple has no means by which to control Defendant’ s
5 deceptive and confusing use and advertising of its marks. Apple is therefore entitled to injunctive
6 relief prohibiting Defendant from continuing such acts of unfair competition, and appropriate
7 restitution remedies, pursuant to California Business and Professions Code § 17203.
8 EIGHTH CAUSE OF ACTION
(Untrue and Misleading Advertising -
9 Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 17500 and 17535)
10 140. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
11 paragraphs.
12 141. Defendant’ s use of Apple’ s IPOD mark and other marks confusingly similar to
13 Apple’ s IPOD mark in advertising constitutes advertising done with the intent to directly or
14 indirectly induce the public to enter into business transactions with Defendant regarding
15 Defendant’ s services.
16 142. Defendant’ s actions have caused, and are likely to continue to cause confusion
17 and mistake, and to deceive as to the affiliation, connection or association of Defendant and
18 Apple, and as to the origin, sponsorship, or approval of Defendant’ s goods and services by Apple
19 and/or the origin, sponsorship, or approval of Apple’ s goods and services by Defendant, to
20 Apple’ s harm.
21 143. In making and disseminating advertising and promotional materials as alleged
22 herein, Defendant knew, or by the exercise of reasonable care should have known, that the
23 statements were untrue and/or misleading and so acted in violation of California Business &
24 Professions Code § 17500 and/or § 17535. Defendant’ s unlawful actions have caused, and will
25 continue to cause, irreparable harm to Apple unless enjoined.
26 NINTH CAUSE OF ACTION
28 144. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
28 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 29 of 33
2 145. On information and belief, a valid contractual relationship exists between
3 Defendant and Apple, the terms of which are set forth in the iTunes COM for Windows SDK
4 License Agreement.
5 146. On information and belief, a valid contractual relationship exists between
6 Defendant and Apple, the terms of which are set forth in Apple Developer Connection Terms and
7 Conditions.
8 147. Apple has fully performed its obligations under both the iTunes COM for
9 Windows SDK License Agreement and the Apple Developer Connection Terms and Conditions
10 by granting Defendant access to its proprietary ITUNES software.
11 148. Defendant has failed to perform its obligations under both the iTunes COM for
12 Windows SDK License Agreement and the Apple Developer Connection Terms and Conditions
13 by using images of Apple products and the Apple trademarks, including IPOD, ITUNES, the
14 Earbud Trade Dress, and the Shuffle Logo, in connection with the Podfitness Goods and Services,
15 in breach of contract and without authorization from Apple.
16 149. Defendant has also failed to perform its obligations under the Apple Developer
17 Connection Terms and Conditions by violating Apple’ s Guidelines for Using Apple Trademarks
18 and Copyrights, as published on Apple’ s website at
19 http://www.apple.com/legal/trademark/guidelinesfor3rdparties.html.
20 150. Unless enjoined, Defendant will continue its infringing conduct.
21 151. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant’ s infringing conduct, Apple has
22 suffered and will continue to suffer irreparable injury to its business reputation and goodwill for
23 which no adequate remedy exists at law and has lost sales and profits in an amount not yet fully
25 TENTH CAUSE OF ACTION
(Cybersquatting - Lanham Act § 43(d), 15 U.S.C. § 1125(d))
27 152. Apple incorporates herein by reference each and every allegation in the preceding
28 paragraphs.
29 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 30 of 33
1 153. Defendant has registered and used the domain names ipodfitness.com and
2 ipodworkouts.com to automatically re-direct to its homepage at podfitness.com.
3 154. The domain names podfitness.com, ipodfitness.com and ipodworkouts.com are
4 identical to, confusingly similar to, and/or dilutive of Apple’ s IPOD marks. Defendant has used
5 and is using the podfitness.com, ipodfitness.com and ipodworkouts.com domain names with the
6 bad faith intent to profit from Apple’ s IPOD marks.
7 155. Defendant’ s actions constitute a violation of Lanham Act § 43(d), 15 U.S.C. §
8 1125(d).
9 156. Defendant’ s unlawful actions have caused, and will continue to cause, Apple
10 irreparable harm.
12 WHEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, Apple respectfully requests that this
13 Court enter an Order granting the following relief:
14 a) For judgment that the IPOD and POD marks have been and continue to be infringed by
15 Defendant;
16 b) For judgment that the IPOD mark has been and continues to be diluted by Defendant;
17 c) Permanently enjoining Defendant and each of its agents, employees, servants, officers,
18 directors, successors in interest, heirs, assigns and all persons, firms or corporations, acting
19 by or under their authority, in active concert or privity or in participation with it, from
20 using the IPOD and POD marks or any confusingly similar marks in any way or using any
21 word, words, phrases, symbols, logos, or any combination of words or symbol that would
22 create a likelihood of confusion, mistake, or deception therewith, including, without
23 limitation, the PodFitness Marks, in connection with or in the marketing, offering, selling,
24 disposing of, licensing, leasing, transferring, displaying, advertising, reproducing,
25 developing, or manufacturing of Defendant’ s business, services, and goods;
26 d) Permanently enjoining Defendant to recall from all its offices and all others, whether
27 persons, firms, or corporations, acting by or under their authority, in active concert or
28 privity or in participation with it, any material containing the IPOD or POD mark in any
30 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 31 of 33
1 way and any word, words, phrases, symbols, logos, any combination of words or symbols
2 that would create a likelihood of confusion, mistake and/or deception therewith, including,
3 without limitation, the PodFitness Marks, in connection with or in the marketing, offering,
4 selling, disposing of, licensing, leasing, transferring, displaying, advertising, reproducing,
5 developing, or manufacturing of Defendant’ s business, goods and services;
6 e) Permanently enjoining Defendant, its officers, agents, employees, and all persons acting in
7 concert with them, from infringing the IPOD and POD marks and/or engaging in further
8 such unlawful acts and from reaping any additional commercial advantage from its
9 misappropriation of the rights of Apple and all affiliated and related companies of Apple in
10 the IPOD and POD marks and the registrations of these marks;
11 f) Requiring Defendant to destroy, at its sole and exclusive cost, all materials in its
12 possession or under its control that contain infringements of the IPOD and POD marks;
13 g) Ordering the Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office to order that
14 Defendant is not entitled to any trademark registrations for the PodFitness Marks and any
15 word, words, phrases, symbols, logos, or any combination of words or symbols that would
16 create a likelihood of confusion, mistake, and/or deception therewith, including, without
17 limitation, Defendant’ s Trademark Application Serial Numbers 78/762,928; 78/775,610;
18 78/800,739; and 78/787,637;
19 h) Ordering that the <www.podfitness.com>, <ipodfitness.com>, and <ipodworkouts.com>
20 domain names be transferred to Apple;
21 i) For all actual damages sustained by Apple as the result of Defendant’ s acts of infringement
22 and/or dilution, together with prejudgment interest, according to proof, pursuant to 15
23 U.S.C. § 1117;
24 j) For an accounting of the profits of Defendant resulting from their acts of infringement
25 and/or dilution pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1117;
26 k) For enhanced damages pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1117;
27 l) For an award of attorneys’ fees pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1117 or as otherwise permitted by
28 law;
31 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 32 of 33
1 m) For Apple’ s costs of suit, including its reasonable litigation expenses, pursuant to 15
2 U.S.C. § 1117; and
3 n) Granting Apple such additional, other, or further relief as the Court deems proper and just.
5 DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL
6 Plaintiff demands trial by jury on all issues so triable.
7 DATED: August 1, 2007 Respectfully submitted,
8 FISH & RICHARDSON P.C.
By: /s/ David J. Miclean
11 David J. Miclean
12 Andrew M. Abrams
15 50418386.doc
32 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
Case 4:06-cv-05805-SBA Document 57 Filed 08/01/2007 Page 33 of 33
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