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BrowseUploadSign inJoinBooksAudiobooksComicsSheet MusicWelcome to Scribd! Start your free trial and access books, documents and more.Find out moreIS 3495 ( Parts1 to 4 ) : 1992
Itldian Standard
OF TESTS OF BURNT BUILDING BRICKS
OF COMPRESSIVE OF WATER DETERMINATION 3 DETERMINATION 4 ( DETERMINATION ABSORPTION
OF EFFLORESCENCE OF WARPAGE
Third Revision )
Third Reprint OCTOBER1998
666 712 * 620’1
9 BAHADUR DELHI
SHAH 110002 Price Group 4 ZAFAR MARG
hfuy 1992
Committee. This standard covering methods of tests was first published in 1966 and subsequently revised in 1973 and 1976. Opportunity has also been taken to up-to-date the contents. it shall be done in accordance with 1S 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised >‘. This revision has been prepared so as to bring in line with the latest Indian Standards on bricks. after the draft finalized by the Clay Products for Buildings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
. In reporting the results of a test made in accordance with this standard. if the final value. is to be rounded ofT. observed or calculated.
FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( Parts 1 to 4 ) ( Third Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
and wipe out any traces of moisture.IS 3495 ( Part 1) : 1992
METHODS OF TESTS OF BURNT CLAY BUILDING BRICKS
PART 1 DETERMINATION ( OF COMPRESSWE STRENGTH
further increase in the indicator testing machine. a uniform surface for
The report shall be as given below: Compressive strength in N/mm2 ( kgf.1 For Solid Bricks
3.cm2) = Maximum load at failure in N(kgf) Average area of the bed faces in mm2 ( cm2 ) 4.In place of plywood sheets plaster of Pa.1 The average of results shall be reported.2.4.2.1 This standard ( Part 1 ) covers the method of determination of compressive strength of burnt clay building bricks.1.1.2.2 Preconditioning Immerse the specimen in water at room temperature for 24 hours. Immerse in water at room temperature for 21 hours.3 Procedure Place the specimen with flat faces horizontal. The load at failure shall be the maximum load at which the specimen fails to produce any further increase in the indicator reading on the testing machine.1.2. 4. 4 METHODS 4. application of load.1.1 The hdian Standard IS 5454 : 1976 ‘Method for sampling of clay building bricks ( firsr revision )’ is a necessary adjunct to this standard. Remove.
A compression testing machine. 2 REFERENCE 2. 4. Remove the specimen and drain out any Fill the surplus moisture at room temperature. Store under the damp jute bags for 24 hours followed by immersion in clean water for 3 days. 4. The load at failure shall be the maximum load at which the specimen fails to produce any 1
4. 4.3 The number of specimens for the test shall be selected according to IS 5454 : 1976. 3 GENERAL 3. shall be used.1.2.2 For Perforated Bricks
4.:.3 Procedure Place the perforated faces of the brick between two 3-ply plywood sheets each of 3 mm thickness and carefully centred between the plates of the testing machine.1 Apparatus
.4 Report The report shall be as given below: Comoressive strength in N/mm’ MaGmum load at failure in N ( kgf) ( kgf/cm2 ) = Average net area of the two faces under compression in mm2 ( cm* ) 4.2 All apparatus and testing equipment calibrated at frequent intervals. clean coarse sand of grade 3 mm and down ).
NOTE .1 Apparatus
See 4. may be used to ensure a uniform surfac. shall be measured to the
In place of plywood sheets plaster of Paris
to ensure of load. and mortar filled face facing upwards between two 3-ply plywood sheets each of 3 mm thickness and carefully centred between plates of the testing machine.2 Preconditioning Remove unevenness observed in the bed faces to provide two smooth and parallel faces by grinding. Apply load axially at a uniform rate of 14 N/mm* ( 140 kgf/cm2 ) per minute till failure occurs and note the maximum load at failure. 4. No mortar shall be filled in perforations and no mortar capping shall be provided. Apply the load axially at uniform rate of 14 N/mm2 ( 140 kgf/cma ) per minute till the failure occurs and note the maximum load at failure.1 The average of results shall be reported. Remove the specimen from water and drain out any surplus water.4.1 The dimensions nearest 1 mm. the compression plate of which shall have a ball seating in the form of portion of a sphere the centre of which coincides with the centre of the plate.
1 SCOPE 1.1. frog ( where provided ) and all voids in the bed face flush with cement mortar ( 1 cement.1.
As in the Original Standard. this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
2 REFERENCE 2. after 24-hour immersion in cold water is given by the following formula:
Mz--1 x Ml
3. percent by mass. 4. 3 GENERAL
A sensitive balance capable of weighing within 0’1 percent of the mass of the specimen.4 Water absorption. Remove the specimen and wipe out any traces of water with a damp cloth and weigh the specimen.1 24-hoar Immersion Cold Water Test
. 4 METHODS 4.IS 3495 ( Part 2 ) : 1992
PART 2 DETERMINATION ( OF WATER ABSORPTION
Tlzird Revision )
4.2 All apparatus and testing equipment calibrated at frequent intervals.2 Preconditioning Dry the specimen in a ventilated oven at a temperature of 105 to 115°C till it attains substantially constant mass.1 Apparatus
1 SCOPE 1.1. 4.1 This standard ( Part 2 ) covers the method of determination of water absorption of burnt clay building bricks. Cool the specimen to room temperature and obtain its weight ( MI ). and a ventilated oven. 4.
Immerse completely dried specimen in clean water at a temperature of 27 f 2°C for 24 hours.3 The number of specimens for the test shall be selected according to IS 5454 : 1976. Complete the weighing 3 minutes after the specimen has been removed from water ( Mz ).1.1.1.1 The Indian Standard IS 5454 : 1976 ‘Method for sampling of clay building bricks (first revision )’ is a necessary adjunct to this standard. Specimen warm to touch shall not be used for the purpose.1 The dimension nearest 1 mm.
1 Apparatus A shallow flat bottom dish containing sufficient distilled water to completely saturate the specimens. When there is a heavy deposit of salts covering 50 percent or more of the exposed area of the brick surface but unaccompanied by powdering or flaking of the surface. Examine the bricks for efflorescence after the second evaporation and report the results.3 Report
1 SCOPE 1.
3. 3 GENERAL 3. porcelain or glazed stoneware and of size I80 mm x 1SO mm X 40 mm depth for square shaped and 200 mm dia X 40 mm depth for cylindrical shaped.
cl Moderate -
d) Heavy -
When there is a heavy deposit of salts accompanied bp powdering and/or flaking of the exposed surfaces. ‘heavy’ or ‘serious’ in accordance with the following definitions:
d Nil .1 The dimensions nearest 1 mm. place a similar quantity of water in the dish and allow it to evaporate as before. 4. 2 REFE_RENCE 2.2 Procedure Place the end of the bricks in the dish. Cover the dish containing the brick with suitable glass cylinder so’ *hat excessive evaporation from the dish may not occur. the depth of immersion in water being 25 mm. ‘slight’.IS 3495 ( Part 3 ) : 1992
PART 3 DETERMINATION ( OF EFFLORESCENCE
whole arrangement in a warm ( for example. 4 METHOD 4.1 This standard ( Part 3 ) covers the method of determination of efflorescence of burnt clay building bricks. shall be measured to the
The liability to efflorescence shall be reported as ‘nil’.2 All apparatus and testing equipment calibrated at frequent intervals.When there is no perceptible deposit
of efflorescence. 20 to 30°C ) well ventilated room until all the water in the dish is absorbed by the specimens.
. Place the
b) SIigltt -
When not more than 10 percent of the exposed area of the brick is covered with a thin deposit of salts. When the water has been absorbed and bricks appear to be dry.3 The number of specimens for the test shall be selected according to IS 5454 : 1976. 4.1 The Indian Standard IS 5454 : 1976 ‘Method for sampling of clay building bricks ( first revision )’ is a necessary adjunct to this standard. and the surplus water evaporates. The dish shall be made of glass. When there is a heavier deposit than under ‘slight’ and covering up to 50 percent of the exposed area of the brick surface but unaccompanied by powdering or flaking of the surface. ‘moderate’.
Alternatively.2 All apparatus and testing equipment calibrated at frequent intervals.2 For Convex Warpage Place the brick on the flat surface with the convex surface in contact with the flat surface. 15 mm in width and 15 mm in thickness at one end and tapered.1 The Indian Standard IS 5453 : 1976 ‘Method for sampling of clay building bricks ( first revision)’ is a necessary adjunct to this standard.2 shall be reported as warpage.3.IS 3495 ( Part 4 ) : 1992
IJjdian Standard
PART 4 ( 1 SCOPE 1.1 Measuring Instrument
4 A steel rule graduated
from one end in 0’5 mm divisions.3.3.1 The dimension nearest 1 mm. a steel measuring wedge 60 mm in length.3 The number of specimens for the test shall be selected according to IS 5454 : 1976.
b) A flat surface of steel or glass. not less
than 300 mm x 300 mm in area and plane to 0’02 mm. starting at a line 15 mm from one end to zero t-hickness at the other end.1 For Concave Warpage Place the flat surface along the surface to be measured selecting the location that gives the greatest departure from straightness. 1 ).2 Preconditioning
Remove any dirt adhering to the surface of brick.
4.1 This standard ( Part 4 ) covers the method of E.
4. and take the maximum of four measurements.4 Report The higher of the distance measured and 4.
FIG.3..1
. shall be measured to the DETERMINATION OF WARPAGE
The wedge shall be graduated in 0’5 mm divisions and numbered to show the thickness of the wedge between the base AB and the slope AC ( see Fig. in 4.it$nation of warpage of burnt clay building 2 REFERENCE 2. 3 GENERAL 3. 4. Measure the greatest distance of the brick surface from the edge of straightness by a steel rule or wedge. 4 METHOD 4.
3. Measdre the distance from Rat surface to the four corners of the brick. 4.3 Testing 4.
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-.323 33 75.I. PUNE. Road. 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization. without the prior permission in writing of BIS.235 04 23 42 15
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Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act.I.
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832 92 95. of necessary details. BHOPAL. KANPUR.337 85 9120 61 26. BIS. a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed..P.
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E9 MIDC. New Delhi
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD.pptCe 09308High Rise Structures
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