Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20040260470?dq=7,172,682
Timestamp: 2015-10-09 11:17:11
Document Index: 295721974

Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60']

Patent US20040260470 - Conveyance scheduling and logistics system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn apparatus and method of reserving conveyance, such as taxis and limousines, in which the pickup locations, times, and contract are established and logged electronically. The system is configured to increase the assurance that the conveyance will arrive properly on time and on location, and that the...http://www.google.com/patents/US20040260470?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20040260470 - Conveyance scheduling and logistics systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20040260470 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/867,615Publication dateDec 23, 2004Filing dateJun 14, 2004Priority dateJun 14, 2003Publication number10867615, 867615, US 2004/0260470 A1, US 2004/260470 A1, US 20040260470 A1, US 20040260470A1, US 2004260470 A1, US 2004260470A1, US-A1-20040260470, US-A1-2004260470, US2004/0260470A1, US2004/260470A1, US20040260470 A1, US20040260470A1, US2004260470 A1, US2004260470A1InventorsRodger RastOriginal AssigneeRast Rodger H.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (3), Referenced by (172), Classifications (12) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetConveyance scheduling and logistics system
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0027] The invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following drawings which are for illustrative purposes only: [0028]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conveyance scheduling system according to an aspect of the present invention. [0029]FIG. 2-3 are flowcharts of the process of conveyance scheduling according to an aspect of the present invention. [0030]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an Environmentally Responsive RFID according to an aspect of the present invention. [0031]FIG. 5-6 is a block diagram of a system for qualifying fueling and other connections according to an aspect of the present invention. [0032]FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a RFID usage control system according to an aspect of the present invention. [0033]FIG. 8-14 are schematics of transitions lighting embodiments according to aspect of the present invention. [0034]FIG. 15-17 is a flowchart of PayMail system for limiting spam w/o limiting correspondence from friends and family according to an aspect of the present invention. [0035]FIG. 18-19 are views of an ionization unit and sterilization which may be utilized according to an aspect of the present invention. [0036]FIG. 20 is a cutaway view of an apparatus for providing non-attended product samples according to an aspect of the present invention. [0037]FIG. 21 is a cross-section of a motorcycle garment anti-abrasions bead with bead inserts according to an aspect of the present invention. [0038]FIG. 22-23 are top and side views of conformal bead attachment for motorcycle garmetns according to an aspect of the present invention. [0039]FIG. 24 is a facing view of a flap for controlling airflow in a motorcycle garment according to an aspect of the present invention. [0040]FIG. 25-26 is a top and side view of a motored nutating drive for a tip tracker lighting device according to an aspect of the present invention. [0041]FIG. 27 is a schematic of a mechanism for converting planar motion to a nutating pattern for a tip lighting system according to an aspect of the present invention. [0042]FIG. 28 is a facing view of a garment whose surface can be played as an instrument by a user (wearer or otherwise), according to an aspect of the present invention. [0043]FIG. 29-30 are block diagrams of a personality module that allows “enhancing” the interfacing available for a variety of electronic devices according to an aspect of the present invention. [0044]FIG. 31 is a flowchart of using the personality module system of FIG. 29-30, according to an aspect of the present invention. [0045]FIG. 32-33 are block diagrams of remote landing assist systems according to aspects of the present invention. [0046]FIG. 34 is a block diagram of a system for augmenting wireless services according to an aspect of the present invention. [0047]FIG. 35-37 are block diagrams of light model aircraft controls according to aspects of the present invention. [0048]FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a self powered remote sensor according to an aspect of the present invention. [0049]FIG. 39-40 are block diagrams of a system for stabilizing aircraft flight pattern according to an aspect of the present invention. [0050]FIG. 41 is a bock diagram of a flight stabilizing system which reduces pilot overhead during manual operations according to an aspect of the present invention. [0051]FIG. 42 is a schematic of a programmable patterned LED according to an aspect of the present invention. [0052]FIG. 43 is a facing view of a twin-tip spark plug for dual ignition systems according to an aspect of the present invention. [0053]FIG. 44-45 are a cutaway view and block diagram of a stabilized serving tray according to an aspect of the present invention. [0054]FIG. 46-47 are views of a chameleon liquid soap material according to an aspect of the present invention, shown for changing color in response to sufficient friction during handwashing for children. [0055]FIG. 48 is a partial cutaway view of a high heat capacity water heater according to an aspect of the present invention. [0056]FIG. 49-50 are facing and cross-section views of a nanotech on-demand heating and filtering system according to an aspect of the present invention. [0057]FIG. 51-52 are facing and side view of a simplified serial lighting system according to an aspect of the present invention. [0058]FIG. 53-54 are top and side cutaway views of a quick release water control valve and/or solenoid according to an aspect of the present invention. [0059]FIG. 55-58 are view of skimboards providing enhanced slider action according to aspects of the present invention. [0060]FIG. 59 is a perspective view of a sheathed polymeric muscle fiber for controlling motion stage according to an aspect of the present invention, shown sliding through an eyelet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT(S) [0061] Referring more specifically to the drawings for illustrative purposes, the present invention is embodied in the method generally described in FIG. 1 to FIG. 59. The following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention as provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Unnecessary technical details, which extend beyond the necessary information allowing a person of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention, are preferably absent for the sake of clarity and brevity. Furthermore, it is to be understood that inventive aspects may be practiced in numerous alternative ways by one or ordinary skill without departing from the teachings of the invention. Therefore, various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles defined here may be applied to other embodiments. Thus the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. [0062] The description of embodiments includes a number of inventive aspects, which are organized into the following sections: [0063] 1. Conveyance scheduling system and method [0064] 2. RFID-ER RFID—Environmentally Responsive RFID [0065] 3. RFID-Qualifying Fueling and other connections [0066] 4. Transitions Lighting [0067] 5. PayMail—Limiting Spam w/o limiting correspondence from friends and family [0068] 6. EVRHeadsets—communicate via RF [0069] 7. FanFilter—Ionization units & sterilization [0070] 8. Method and Apparatus for Providing Non-attended Product Samples [0071] 9. AutoCSLimit—Methods of use [0072] 10. Optical Meat Thermometer—Enhancements [0073] 11. HBLite—preventing unwanted alerts [0074] 12. HBLite—AutoAccBrake—Automatic Braking based on Accel. Sensing [0075] 13. iDose—Enhancements and Detailed Aspects [0076] 14. MotoG—Bead inserts [0077] 15. TipTracker—Embodiment Variations [0078] 16. PlayMe—Embodiment variation of SteerATune and SkateTunes [0079] 17. USB Personality Module [0080] 18. Methods of Local Advertising [0081] 19. Premium Subscription Delivery Services [0082] 20. Back-issue Medley Subscription Services [0083] 21. Remote Landing assist system [0084] 22. Physical Monitoring Interface for LANs [0085] 23. Augmenting Wireless Services [0086] 24. Auxiliary Personal Computer Controls [0087] 25. Bands on the Net [0088] 26. Method and System of Simulating Handwriting in Documents [0089] 27. Light Model Aircraft Controls [0090] 28. Self powered remote sensors [0091] 29. System for Stabilizing Aircraft Flight Pattern [0092] 30. Flight Stabilizing System (redux overhead in manual ops) [0093] 31. Peripheral Vision Optical System [0094] 32. Programmable Patterned LED [0095] 33. Smart Power Modules [0096] 34. Twin-Tip Spark Plug for dual ignition systems [0097] 35. StableServe—Stabilized serving trays [0098] 36. Chameleon Liquid Soap [0099] 37. High Heat Capacity Water Heater [0100] 38. Nanotech On demand heating and filtering [0101] 39. UV sterilized lighted shoe trees [0102] 40. Simplified Serial Lighting [0103] 41. Jam Proof Paper Shredder [0104] 42. WarmFinger Keyboard [0105] 43. Personal Navigation System and Method (PNavs) [0106] 44. Autoform Wizard—create form templates in word processing SW [0107] 45. ScanToSList—scanning UPCs to generate shopping lists [0108] 46. Quick Release Water Control Valve and/or Solenoid [0109] 47. SkimBoard—Enhanced slider action [0110] 48. Sheathed Polymeric Muscle Fiber for Controlling Motion stage [0111] 49. Packaging Preventing Material Use [0112] 50. Suspension Visor—additions [0113] Conveyance Scheduling System and Method [0114] The system is configured for establishing electronic reservations which include pickup and drop-off points, such as from personal electronic devices containing GPS location elements (i.e. cellular phones, PDA, etc.) The system is configured to electronically check all incoming location information received as coordinates to assure that they can be unambiguously located near an accessible street location. The system can determine the best pickup point near the location provided by the user, and communicate that adjusted location to the user so that no confusion results. Imagine the situation wherein a pickup location within the center of a building is communicated, wherein the driver would need to decide which side of the building to be picked up on. The location from the user is thereby checked prior to a reservation being established for the transport service. [0115] Once a location is passed to the dispatcher via coordinates, or by way of street addressing and/or cross streets, the dispatching unit communicates a graphic (map) or verbal description of the agreed-upon pick up location and time, which once verified can be in the form of a contract to which the user submits payment. If the taxi does not show up at the appointed time the user can be given some compensation, such as credited back the fare amount plus an a discount on future services, and so forth. In one embodiment of the invention, if the client does not arrive for the fare within a given time period then at least a portion of the fee amount is still charged on their account for the taxi overhead cost (a fixed fee, percentage, or fee calculated by other formulas). As such the system provides incentives for both parties to follow through upon that which has been agreed. [0116] One aspect of the system is a device for registering “on-station” condition of a transport vehicle. The device may be a separate unit or have functionality incorporated into the tracking system, fare billing system, communication system, or other electronic system within the vehicle. [0117] The on-station unit is configured to register the time of arrival and time of leaving designated pickup points. A GPS unit, or similar locating tracking system (i.e. inertial), or combination of location system coupled with a means for recording events. It should be appreciated that real time clock data is available from the received GPS signals as this time data is utilized by (i.e. set in reference to a remote clock fixed to an atomic clock time). The on-station performance can not be modified by the driver, wherein a true record of the actual arrival and departure times from station are recorded. [0118] The system is configured to automatically check the present location against the intended pickup location, for notifying the driver. The driver can log conditions at the pickup point, such as if they can not park near the pickup point due to traffic, an accident, and so forth. [0119] Another option of the system allows for better control of the conditions under which additional parties are picked up. For example, the patron making the reservation can elect NOT to share a cab, wherein they pay the full fare. If they elect to pick up other patrons, then conditions about how much delay, how many persons, and so forth can be specified. The user would be preferably billed less according to how many other parties shared the ride, or parts of the ride. The computer with the taxi automatically computing the cost for each route segment, and dividing the cost equitably between the patrons, preferably automatically billing their charge cards accordingly or providing credits if prepaid fares are collected. [0120] Optionally, visual conditions can be registered by still or video cameras coupled to the system, when the conveyance is on-station such as providing on-station location image information and traffic conditions for validation purposes. [0121] Another option is an active display on the taxi, which can display the name, or names of the persons or groups being picked up, in this way the patron can readily pick out their taxi when multiple taxis exist. Another option allows the system to generate a custom audio sequence from the taxi when on-station thereby alerting the patron. The audio sequence being one that the patron has selected, or previously been alerted to. These sounds can be configured in a similar manner to cellular phone ring tones, comprising a short, typically recognizable string of notes. [0122] Another option allows for automatically signaling the patron when the taxi is arriving at station, and optionally at times (i.e. 3 minutes) prior to arrival on station. In this way the patron need not wait at the exact spot until the call is received, this allows them for example to enjoy a cup of coffee in the coffee shop without fear of missing their ride. The communication can include the taxi and driver information (i.e. taxi number, driver name, images of taxi and/or driver, etc.). The signaling can be performed from the dispatch center, such as over a cellular network or email to the patron. It will be appreciated, however, that email is not very reliably in this instance as it can be delayed for periods of time. Alternatively, the communication can be generated from the taxi, such as by way of cellular link or using a local RF communication, such as BlueTooth or WiFi, if the patron is so equipped. [0123] This automated connectivity makes it so the driver need not be looking up numbers, or even using the phone under normal circumstances. However, the system can allow hands free communication from the driver. The communication system is also preferably configured for generating coordinates of the taxi to the patron, wherein the patron can see the progress of the taxi if they desire. [0124] In one embodiment the system is configured to allow patrons to establish a user profile so that they can be consistently handled in a manner according to their needs. For example the profile would include, cellular telephone number, local communication information (i.e. BlueTooth™ or WiFi), name as they want it on display sign (i.e. may want an alias such as Lone Ranger, Big T, J. Johnson III, etc.), information about any specific GPS mapping standards in use, home address, home phone, billing information, as well as waypoint locations which can be given specific names, such as “work”, “home’, “daycare”, “Aunt Esther's”, “Starbucks”, and so forth, wherein the user can more readily arrange for service in the future based on these preconfigured addresses. At the user's discretion they can input a photo into the system to allow the taxi driver to more readily recognize the patron and thus perhaps speed the connection when a pickup is being made at a busy location, and can also prevent the driver from picking up the wrong fare. [0125] Software back at the dispatch center uploads the on-station data against the fares to determine performance of the driver, and to assure that any problems with picking up any of the fares is properly dealt with. [0126] The driver can activate an “on-station” condition when they stop at the location, or alternatively/additionally the on-station performance can be logged automatically when within a given distance from the target location. This allows for the condition in which the taxi can't immediately reach exactly the pick-up location, but can continue edging closer while waiting for the fare to show up. In a similar manner leaving the station can be recorded. It is preferred that the system perform automated “on-station” logging while the driver, manually input when they are on station and leaving the station. In this way the drivers make a better visceral connection with their on-station performance and any discrepancies between what the computer determines to be on-station compared to what the driver has considered on-station, can be readily discerned maintaining honesty between all parties. [0127] Another optional aspect of the system provides software, plug-ins, or data files from the transport service which operate on the mapping device of the user (i.e. GPS cellphone, PDA, etc.). Therein allowing the user to specify pickup and drop off locations on their device, or even travel routes, and having the software from transport service provide information on billing, or expected billing, based on distance, expected travel time (taking into account traffic), and other parameters of the ride or fare. In this way a user could more readily plan the fare. [0128] A system providing some of the aspects described herein can also be implemented for conveyances that are not “on-demand” such as subways, light rail, ferries, buses, shuttle planes, and so forth. In these cases since the pickup and drop off points are predetermined the system aids the user in selecting which route, finding the proper pickup and drop off points, determining the cost, determining the availability of seating, reserving seating, and purchasing tickets in advance. These aspects and other pertinent aspects being taught herein. The “on-station” performance not generally a factor in this application. [0129] The system itself can be implemented as an application by a given transport provider, or as a service which integrates a number of different transport providers, therein giving the user a wide latitude of transport options as well as specified interconnections to simplify both the arrangement and billing for services. For example, the service can link on-demand and scheduled forms of transportation, as well as related services, such as excursions, museums, factory tours, points of interest, restaurants, lodgings, and so forth. In this way the user can plan a trip, makes reservations, and even prepay for the elements of that trip from a single website. This not only aids the consumer but provides substantial benefits to the businesses in terms of planning, reduced overhead in accommodating the travel needs of patrons, as well as simplified reservations and prepaid service. [0130]FIG. 1 depicts an “on-station” system 10 shown with a vehicle 12 with a metering unit 14 according to the present invention connected to antenna 16 which communicates with dispatchers at a site 18 received through antenna 20. [0131] The mobile portion of the on-station system is preferably implemented within a metering unit, although it may be incorporated within other devices, or provided as a stand-alone unit. A conventional electronic metering system 22 is shown with a user interface 24, mileage meter 26, and printer 28. [0132] The mobile portion of the present invention comprises: a time clock 30, which can be based on a receiver 32 or use the clock information from the GPS signals; a means for generation of location information 34, such as a GPS (Global Positioning System). A central processor 36 coupled with memory 38 for program storage and basic data files, and optionally one or more mass storage units 40, such as map databases, historical data, coordinate information, and so forth. The time clock and positioning system provide a means for determining when the taxi arrives at or leaves the pickup point, which forms a basis for charging customers for a no show, as it can be documented. [0133] User interface 24 is preferably enhanced to provide additional functionality for the present system such as fare processing, monitored details of the fare, and the like. For example a tip module 42 controlled through user interface 24 allows the client to enter tip values into the system and execute a payment transaction with a transaction interface 44 connected to a communication system 46, such as a wireless phone device. Communication system 46 preferably contains both a means for communicating through cellular services, but also a proprietary dispatch communications channel and a means of communicating with cell phones and other personal devices using local RF linkage (i.e. BlueTooth™, WiFi or other local communication standards). Information from a camera 48 (i.e. still, multi-frame or video with or without audio) may also be collected for use within the local system, or uploaded to the central database for tracking and other purposes. [0134] An active display 50 is shown with optional audio 52, thus providing an automated means of visually alerting a specific patron that this is their taxi cab, or other conveyance. The display may comprise any conventional display such as LCD, electronic ink, electroluminescent, and so forth. The display is coupled to computer 36 and it receives information from about the patron from the main system, such as an alphanumeric name or alias supplied by the patron, which is then displayed as the taxi comes on station or near station. Similarly audio can also be provided, such as different musical selections, sounds, and so forth, preferably selected by the patron to aid their ability of detecting the transport which has arrived for them. This audio annunciation can be utilized for even prescheduled transport, such as buses, which can use different audio alerts to indicate to passengers which transport to take, wherein the patron need not even see the sign to discern that a specific transport they are waiting for has arrived. [0135] For example a cartoon “roadrunner” sound could be played at the time of reservation, wherein upon looking for the transport at the time of pickup the patron is provided with the additional cue of the “roadrunner” sound being emitted by the vehicle. [0136] These fare incrementing controls are accessible to the passenger and allow the passenger to set an increased value to the fare corresponding to the amount of the fare plus tip, or to separately enter a fare value. The fare meter can provide input keys such as increment and an enter key or similar to finalize the fare. This has the advantage of allowing the patron to pay with a credit card while the company benefits in that the tips are properly recorded for tax purposes. Furthermore, the fare meter generates a receipt to the customer that reflects the fare plus any tip that was added to the fare, thereby simplifying tracking expenses for all travelers and reimbursement of expenses for business travelers. [0137] The fare may be collected with a credit card (or other form of transaction token i.e. smart card, etc.) or by mean of cash. For cash transactions it is preferable that a bill taking machine be incorporated into the metering system which collects the fares and makes change as necessary. This has the advantage of storing the money so that the driver is not susceptible to being robbed, while it assures that all fare monies are properly logged because the monetary fares are registered by the bill reading system. It will be noted that companies are being charged for back-taxes by the IRA based on IRS estimates of what tips they believe the drivers received which were not reported. By encouraging all transactions to pass through the fare collection center such problems can be eliminated. [0138] The interface allows the customer to enter the aspects of the transaction prior to the conclusion of the trip, at which time they need only verify the fare amounts listed to execute the transaction. For example, the tip may be entered based on a percentage, fixed, amount or combination, while the enhanced metering system optionally maintains current estimates of the costing to the destination, as based on mapping information available on a mass storage device, such as an optical disk drive, and location information provided by a GPS system or similar. [0139] An optional camera is included 48 which is configured to take digital pictures (preferably automatically) from at least one vantage point during the time the taxi is on station awaiting the client to arrive, or for other purposes. The images are collected with a digital stamp with date, time, and coordinates as a further indication that the taxi was on station at the designated time coordinates. [0140] The central dispatching station communicates with the vehicles by radio (audio and/or data) and can communication with customers over automated interfaces (phone-voice, phone-data, internet-data, etc.). The dispatching system maintains a status of all vehicles and assignments of each, and preferably actual location based on GPS coordinates that are periodically radioed in, or radioed in at each station change, such as based on motion sensing. The system communicates with customers to establish pickup places and times that fit vehicle scheduling, and for billing the client, preferably a portion of which is billed even before they are picked up for the fare, assuring that it is a valid fare and that at least some money will be collected even in a no show situation. [0141] The dispatching system collects data from the vehicles which are stored in a central database along with optional images of no-show fares and other details to aid in billing. The system also tracks information about all fares that can be utilized for isolating prank calls, frequent no show customers, good customers, and preferred pickup points for the customer database. The dispatching system is configured for running billing operations based on metering from the vehicles. Although the vehicles are preferably equipped with a transaction processing system, it preferably connects through the central dispatching system which performs the actual transaction, thereby reducing fraud and allowing for a true logging of transactions. [0142] The present invention moves the “at will contract” back to an earlier point in time; for instance back before the time when the customer leaves with the taxi, to the time at which the fare is booked by the customer. [0143]FIG. 2 illustrates an example process of a customer establishing a pickup contract. The customer contacts the dispatch system at block 90. A pickup (PU) and drop off (DO) location are entered at block 92, by way of voice location information (street address and/or cross street information), keyboard or keypad entry, location on a map display such as displayed on the Internet, coordinates such as from a GPS unit, or any convenient means. A desired pickup time is then entered by the customer at block 94. [0144] The dispatch system checks at block 96 the time and location against the present vehicle schedules to determine if the fare can be picked up at the given time. If the time is not available then the customer is alerted at block 98 and an alternate time may be suggested at block 100, prior to allowing the user to select another pickup time. [0145] If the customer attempts to schedule on short notice, then the fare may not be able to be matched to the available vehicles, wherein it is preferred that the present system automatically pass the information on place and desired times to another company, after first getting customer permission. In this way the customer is passed to a transportation service that can handle their needs without the need for them to call all over town. This is beneficial to the originator in that they can become a central point for customers which know that their needs will be taken care of. Furthermore, a referral fee can be optionally remitted back to the originator if desired for directing the business to the other party, which may have a similar reverse arrangement. This passing between services of course being generally circumvented if the system is implemented in connection with a number of conveyance services, wherein the interface provides access and bookings for a number of different services. [0146] Once the place and time are determined, an estimated fare is calculated at block 102. Optionally the customer can now elect how much time the taxi should wait for them should they be late. A “no show” fee is then preferably determined, which takes into account the desired wait interval, and a contract is states including the times, locations, and costs. The user is asked to validate their agreement at block 106. Once agreed upon a reservation code (token and optionally a password) is preferably issued to the user, allowing the user to verify the reservation and to identify themselves in relation to a particular fare. If the reservation is made a sufficient period in advance then the user may be given the choice of being reminded of the reservation, such as generated by an automated voice response system to the users phone, cellular phone, pager, or email. [0147] It should be appreciated the spoken contract and the associated response from the customer are preferably stored in memory at the dispatcher, should any later problems arise regarding a customer dispute of the contract. If the user elects not to agree to the contract then the process ends at block 112. Otherwise the entire fare or at least the no-show portion of the fare is collected at block 108, such as by executing a credit card transaction. Once the transaction is executed, then the fare is logged and fully reserved in the system at block 110, prior to ending the process. [0148]FIG. 3 depicts a flowchart for registering the time on station by the taxi to prevent “no show” disputes and the associated charges. The time of arrival “on station” (at the preagreed destination) is recorded as represented by block 130, if the customer shows up then the meter is activated and they drive off to the destination, the customer being charged according to the full or partial prepayment. [0149] If however the customer does not arrive then the system preferably documents at least a portion of the surrounding by taking digital images which are time, date, and coordinate marked. If the fare does not arrive in the designated time and the driver has another fare to pickup, then the system registers their time leaving the station at block 136. The information about the no-show is then passed from the taxi to the dispatcher thus passing the verification of the no-show. At block 140 the no-show of the fare is preferably logged, and billing for the fare is corrected for the no-show, and the client is preferably notified of their no show along with a printout of verification data, such as a time line and photos, whereafter the process is completed. [0150] Another preferably aspect of the system is providing information and/or notification to patrons of transport status. [0151] (1) Notify the patron of delays in the transport arriving at the location for which the reservation was made. Preferably, the vehicle communicates its location to a dispatch location that determines if a notification should be posted. If the vehicle is going to be sufficiently late, such as more than about three minutes, then a communication is posted to the user (i.e. phone call using computer voice, phone call with electronic information, email, pager information, or other means of communicating with the user as established at the time of placing the reservation). Preferably the user device that the made the reservation with (a cell phone, PDA, or similar) can receive the communication. [0152] (2) Patron notifying transport that they are late—they can request that the transport hold and wait a given time for them to show up. [0153] (3) Patron may want to alter the pickup time. Wherein they can communicate their new desires. The company will determine how it can respond to the change and will notify the user appropriately. For example, they may not be able to arrive 30 minutes earlier than scheduled as requested by the user, but perhaps can arrive about 15 minutes earlier than previously scheduled. A reservation number, or similar token being saved at the time of reservation that can be used to access information about the scheduled transport. [0154] (4) Patron may want information after the reservation. The system allows the user to check the: (a) charges posted to their account; (b) time on and off station by the vehicle that responded to their reservations, such as when the missed their reservation; (c) the time enroute and paths followed during their completed transport according to the reservation. [0155] Similarly, another aspect of the system provides information for the transport company on location of the vehicle and determining optimal routing and usage of vehicles to cover the transport reservations. The vehicles can at least periodically communicate location information to a central dispatch location, such as from GPS data being collected enroute. [0156] Business methods may be associated with the above functionality. The following are provided by way of example and may be implemented separately or in combinations thereof: [0157] (1) Arrival guarantee—the service agrees to deduct a given amount from the resulting fare for each minute (or other time interval) that they are late arriving at the location. The guarantee being contingent upon a certain conditions, such as the reservation being made sufficiently in advance. [0158] (2) Billing the user for no shows—the user can be billed a certain minimum billing if the user does not show up. Although preferably a fixed time on station would be a default value (i.e. 10 minutes after reserved time) the user could arrange for extended waiting if they are unsure about their time of arrival. [0159] (3) Verification of vehicle being on-station—the location and time of arrival on station and leaving the station are logged in a manner so that neither the patron (user) or driver can modify the information. Preferably the dispatcher and other company parties are also unable to change the information, such as to save face when a pickup is missed. RFID-ER RFID—Environmentally Responsive RFID [0160] Incorporated herein by reference, regular patent application docket “Transponder” application Ser. No. 10/279,480 as filed Oct. 23, 2002; and associated provisional application No. 60/346,753 as filed Oct. 23, 2001; [0161] Regular utility application describing RFID Controlled Lighting within docket “KeyboardRAST070103” application Ser. No. 10/612,777 as filed Jul. 1, 2003; and associated provisional application No. 60/394,160 as filed Jul. 1, 2002; [0162] Regular utility application describing “Tool Tracking with RFIDs” within docket “TransportRAST070103” application Ser. No. 10/612,225 as filed Jul. 1, 2003; and associated provisional application No. 60/394,160 as filed Jul. 1, 2002. [0163] 2.1 Background [0164] Current RFID tags are generally configured to respond directly to pings (challenges) wherein their response communicates a read-only unit number. [0165] 2.2 Summary of Invention [0166] In the present invention the RFID units are configured to autonomously respond to environmental conditions, and activity information. [0167] 2.3 Description [0168] An RFID tag is configured with environmentally responsive sensors. By way of example the RFID may be configured to transmit in response to sensed motion, package manipulation/bending/tearing, light impinging on the tag or area of package, touches on the package, thermal conditions and so forth. [0169] Two basic types of embodiments are described, a non-autonomous and an autonomous embodiment, as well as a combination of the two embodiments. In the first type the unit operates non-autonomously wherein the unit responds to challenges based on the registered data, and can respond also to conventional challenges or challenges directed to its specific unit number. In this first type the unit can response back to every challenge or to a specific type of challenge, such as threshold sensing challenge, based on the sensed data. In a first embodiment of this type the enhanced RFID tags record the sensed conditions and report these when responding to any challenge, in a second type the units generate responses only when certain threshold conditions of the sensed condition has been exceeded, such as sensing which could be indicative of product tampering. [0170] The units which convey the information in response to a challenge draw the power necessary for responding to the challenge from the challenge itself, although they store sufficient power to allow the sensing circuitry to operate for periods of time, or alternatively utilize other forms of energy as a power source, such as solar, battery, radioactive, inductive, and so forth. In a preferred embodiment these units can respond differently to different challenges. A conventional challenge, such as located at a point of sale, is responded to by supplying the unit identification number, and optionally all or a selected portion of the collected data. A threshold sensing challenge can also be issued to which the unit responds only if one or more of its thresholds have been exceeded. The response including the unit number and preferably (but not necessarily) other information such as data about what threshold was exceeded, actual sensed data, and perhaps some historical information to put the data into perspective. [0171] To operate these devices, a transceiver for generating a threshold sensing challenge would typically be located near units containing the environmentally responsive RFID tags, wherein the activity of these units can be monitored automatically for any activity that is out of the ordinary. Since only units which have sensed conditions exceeding the threshold generate a response the number of units responding is kept low. [0172] Furthermore, once a unit responds to a threshold sensing challenge it then preferably marks the information as having been responded to, wherein it does not continue to respond unless new instances of threshold crossing conditions are detected for the given variable or other sensed variables. The data collection system at the store, warehouse, or other facility, detects these sensed conditions so that problems can be immediately addressed. For example, a camera may be directed automatically to a location where items are being handled, possibly inappropriately, a clerk dispatched to check into the situation or following some other means of response. For example a clerk with a hand-held transcievers can be dispatched to check on the unit which generated the over-threshold response. The hand-held transceiver having received at least the ID of the device which generated the response, can find the specific unit by sending a challenge directed only at that unit, wherein the unit is located to ascertain the problem. [0173] In the second type of unit a response is generated autonomously by the unit, no necessity of receiving a challenge, based on one or more threshold conditions being exceeded. The unit in this instance having sufficient power stored up, such as from prior challenges, solar cells, batteries, or power received inductively, by RF, or by other forms of power. For this second type of unit a receiver must be located nearby for registering the output from the units. It is preferred in this mode that the unit generate only minimal information to alert the receiver, wherein the receiver responds with a challenge to collect specifics of the information. This mode assures that the receiver is within range and is operational for receiving the outputs from the RFID unit. This confirmation is especially important if the RFID unit will clear information about the sensed conditions after communicating the data to the receiver. The RFID unit can collect power from the challenge sent out by the receiver. [0174]FIG. 4 depicts an ER RFID sensor 200 according to the invention. A transceiver section 202 with antenna 204 provide for the receipt of challenges and the transmission of responses. It should be appreciated that challenge receipt and response need not be via the same frequency, or even the same mode of communication. For example, the challenge can be received by receiver section 208 by means of an inductively received signal, from which power is readily stored by power supply section 210, while the transmitter 206 may generate an RF output at any desired frequency, range of frequencies or spread spectrum method. Power for operating the device is stored on a capacitor 212 which can store power received from the challenges and/or from other power sources such as an external power 214 or an internal power source 216, such as batteries, solar cells, chemical reaction devices, radioactive sources, as well as other power coupled to the device inductively, by RF, by electric fields, or otherwise. [0175] The identification (ID) for the tag is retained 218, such as in a ROM or NVRAM memory area 218 which can also store additional information, such as a date code 220, package information, type data for checking use mismatches, and so forth. A control or logic section 222 is configured with optional memory 224 and storage for other parameters such as challenges codes and response codes 226. Control or logic can be provided by integrated logic circuit, small microcontrollers and the like. [0176] At least one sensor 230 is shown with a threshold detection circuit 232 which can be coupled to the transmitter to establish the conditions under which the transmitter should respond or autonomously generate its own output in response to threshold crossing. The control section alternatively, or additionally, receives information about the threshold crossing and can be configured for measuring data from sensor 230, such as via an A-D converter, V-F converter, or similar means of registering a measured quantity. It should be appreciated that a number of sensor types can be supported by the device and that the threshold conditions may encompass a single sensor or require that conditions be met across a combination of sensors prior to generating responsive outputs. The unit is configured in one embodiment to transmit information for a present measurement, and/or previously stored measurements, within responses to any challenge or to specific challenges. [0177] By way of example and not limitation, the sensing means may include any one or more of the following sensing types: code matching (i.e. read data from another source to compare with tag), motion (i.e. acceleration sensor, tilt sensor, etc.), flexure (i.e. piezoelectric strip sensor, etc.), breakage (i.e. contacts, frangible conductors, etc.), handling (i.e. electric field sensing, capacitive sensing, inductive sensing, combination with other sensors, etc.), proximity (i.e. capacitive sensors, inductive sensors, heat sensors, etc.), opening (i.e. pressure change sensor, frangible conductors, switches, etc.), moisture (i.e. moisture sensor, MEMS humidity sensors, liquid sensor, etc.), heat (i.e. thermister, etc.), pressure (i.e. pressure transducer, MEMS sensor, etc.), age (i.e. real-time clock, clock receiver, sending of a data stamp for external sensing of elapsed time, etc.), chemical sensing (i.e. CO2 sensors, gas sensing, DNA sensors, etc.) chemical reaction sensing (i.e. exothermic, endothermic, outgassing reactions, etc.), spoilage sensing (i.e. gas sensors, bacteria and mold sensing, etc.), gas sensing (i.e. use of MEMS based gas sensors or material assay sensing, etc.), bacteria sensing (i.e. waste product sensors, gas sensors, ultraviolet sensing, etc.), mad cow (i.e. assay for detecting rogue proteins, etc.). It should be readily appreciated that numerous techniques are available in the arts for sensing each of these factors, wherein the present invention need not describe specific mechanisms or give details on their operation. [0178] One preferred mechanism for manufacturing the devices at low cost is the integration of all these functions within a polymeric circuit, as the level of circuit complexity and power dissipation while there is very little that constrain the size of the device. Device up to a few square inches could be practically utilized, which reduces the problems with interconnecting the various elements. [0179] The following considers an example of the device utilized for motion sensing, however it will be appreciated that alternative environmental variables may be sensed and combinations of environmental variables so that any desired conditions may be registered utilizing these ER RFID tags. In one embodiment an RFID unit (MSense RFID) is equipped with a motion sensor (acceleration, tilt, pressure, contact (sensing when touched by a user (i.e. capacitive, inductive, RF)) or similar sensor indicative of attitude changes or contact being made by a patron or other party. [0180] The MSense RFID is configured to store power from a previous challenge and to transmit an autonomous response when a sufficient level of motion or contact is detected. The signal can alert a transceiver that the unit is being handled and that it may be leaving the area, such as leaving the shelf. In one aspect of the invention, the unit can generate an autonomous response if it does not receive a threshold sensing challenge within a given period of time (i.e. three seconds). This provide a means of generating an alert that a package is being moved from its stored location, wherein this can be logged to assure that all items are properly accounted for. This can be coupled with a system, such as a store or warehouse automation computer, that utilizes the sensed motion of the packages for directing other sensors, such as cameras, and for logging information about the different units on the shelf. [0181] For example, an item on the shelf is picked up by a patron, causing the MSense RFID to communicate the motion to a shelf-based transceiver. The location is noted and party identified, such as by camera, or by location. At checkout the items identified by motion should show up during the scans, otherwise the item may have been subject to shoplifting (unless subsequently replaced on the shelf. If the item left the area and was no longer subject to the local shelf threshold sensing challenges, then this would be substantial further evidence that the device had perhaps been purloined. [0182] The unit also can indicate if a unit may be defective, such as it being handled and replaced on the shelf when the user selects another of the same item. Also the unit can be used to detect buying patterns, such as which units of a rack of same units are most handled by the customers, the level of buy-through (what percentage buys item after picking it up from the shelf and other similar patterns of customer behavior. The use of MSense RFID can also aid in determining stocking status, wherein units being stocked, moved, or otherwise handled by personnel can be detected by the units. [0183] Additional Aspects of Invention: [0184] (1) “My Stuff” RFID-A transmitter is incorporated within a piece of equipment (integrated or as an added plug-in module), such as a phone, PDA, calculator, GPS unit, or other electronics, which periodically checks for the presence of tools, or other items having an RFID that have been registered with the unit. The system is configured to generate an alert upon any of the registered items leaving the presence of the individual. This can be useful, such as for marking tools used at a work site. The individual can keep their tools nearby and be alerted when tools leave the vicinity, or only switch on the tool identification at the end of a work session, wherein they are alerted to any missing tools. The unit preferably provides a directional antenna (as a primary or auxiliary antenna) wherein the direction of a lost item can be readily traced. [0185] (2) Audio annunciator RFIDs-An RFID unit incorporates an annunciator that can be triggered to generate audio alerts under certain circumstances. For example, (a) generate a tone sequence when it has not been “pinged” (challenged) in a given interval; [0186] (b) generate tones in response to a challenge or a challenge with a specific code sequence. For instance the RFID unit may be configured to generate tones or other sound patterns that are responsive to the particular challenge issued. [0187] (3) Polymeric annunciator RFID-the RFID unit may be configured with an annunciator that is fabricated from a polymeric material. The polymeric annunciator may be fabricated and attached to the RFID but is preferably fabricated as a single unit on the same polymeric “substrate” that the RFID unit is fabricated. RFID-Qualifying Fueling Connections [0188] Incorporated herein by reference: [0189] Transponder/RFID and other related aspects described herein; [0190] Regular patent application docket “Transponder” application Ser. No. 10/279,480 as filed Oct. 23, 2002; and associated provisional application No. 60/346,753 as filed Oct. 23, 2001; [0191] Regular utility application describing RFID Controlled Lighting within docket “KeyboardRAST070103” application Ser. No. 10/612,777 as filed Jul. 1, 2003; and associated provisional application No. 60/394,160 as filed Jul. 1, 2002; [0192] Regular utility application describing “Tool Tracking with RFIDs” within docket “TransportRAST070103” application Ser. No. 10/612,225 as filed Jul. 1, 2003; and associated provisional application No. 60/394,160 as filed Jul. 1, 2002. [0193] 3.1 Summary and Abstract [0194] To prevent vehicles (aircraft, boats, cars, motorcycles, recreation vehicles) from being filled with the incorrect fuel, (i.e. Jet A instead of 130 octane aviation gasoline, gasoline instead of diesel, low octane instead of high octane, etc.). The invention may be utilized for qualifying other forms of connections as well, such as incorrect power sources, and so forth. [0195] One aspect of the invention can be described as a fuel compatibility detection system. Preferably the system provides a passive tag for attachment near a fuel receptacle of a vehicle (i.e. aircraft, car, truck, boat, motorcycle, etc.). The tag is configured to transmit a fuel grade signal to a receiver located near the pump or on the pump handle or spout, which checks for compatibility with the grade being dispensed and can generate appropriate warnings, or even prevent dispensing fuels into inappropriate vehicles. The present invention includes an identifier within the tag which is communicated through the pump for incorporation within the collected fuel pump transaction information. [0196] (1) Incorporate RFID tags to qualify connections. For example within gas receptacles—a sensor in the hose nozzle senses if the appropriate fuel is heading for the correct vehicle. It sends out a signal if a mismatch is about to occur. Aircraft fuel systems, vehicles, heating fuels, liquid fuels, vapor fuels (hydrogen, natural gas, etc.), even with electrical items sensing the operating voltage, current, and other conditions of the intended unit. [0197] 3.2 Detailed Description [0198]FIG. 5 depicts a system 310 for detecting attempted fuel dispensing mismatches. The handle for a gas pump 312 is connected through hose 314 to a source of fuel which is to be dispensed through nozzle 315 controlled by activating handle 316. A fuel level sensor 317 is shown attached about the exterior of nozzle 315 to determine when the tank is full so that fuel is not drawn away by the vacuum system. [0199] A detector and annunciator 318 is joined to pump handle 312, herein shown integrated within the body of the handle, although it may be attached to the nozzle or other portion of the fueling device that is drawn up near the vehicle. [0200] A fueling port 320, such as the tank opening for a gasoline powered car is shown with opening 322 through which nozzle 315 is to be inserted. [0201] A RFID tag 324 is coded with data indicating the allowable types of fuel that may be accepted within the vehicle. Preferably this tag includes a readable indicia that also indicates fuel type, such as coding which indicates Unleaded, Unleaded >89 Octane, Diesel, Jet A, and so forth. Upon removing the pump handle from the pump, the transmitter of the detector begins generating challenges for RFID devices. The challenge transmitter can be located somewhere on the gas pump handle, on the gas pump itself, or otherwise in the vicinity of the gas pump sufficiently close to the vehicle to be fueled. The transmitter is preferably configured so that only RFID units within under about 2-3 feet can respond to the challenge, thereby eliminating responses from all but the vehicle being fueled. [0202] On receiving the challenge, the RFID unit responds with the data on the type of fuel that may be utilized. Power for the response may be received from the challenge or another power source, solar power capacitive, or any other desired source of power. The detector receives the response and checks it against a coded value for the type of fuel available from the given pump. If the fuel type of the pump does not match that indicated by the RFID unit, then a warning is issued, such as a beep tones, voiced audio indicating the mismatch problem (i.e. “vehicle requires Diesel fuel not gasoline”), or other forms of annunciation. [0203] In another embodiment of the present invention, the pump is configured to set its default fuel selection to the most appropriate fuel for the given vehicle. Circuitry within the pump control system, such as programming executing on a microcontroller within the pump, checks compares the data on fuel types received from the RFID on the vehicle. This data can include preferred levels of octane, or other parameters, wherein the selection of a preferred type of fuel can be determined automatically and the pump set to dispense the most appropriate fuel without the need of user intervention. Preferably the user can over-ride the selection, insofar as the selection is still compatible with the vehicle (i.e. fueling a gas powered car with diesel would still be preferably disallowed). [0204]FIG. 6 illustrates an example of the RFID circuit 324, although these may be implemented in a number of alternative ways, such as shown in FIG. 4 above. The detector and annunciator 318 has a transmitter section 330 which preferably generates a coded transmission based on code 342 through antenna 336. The code can beneficially make the unit selective so that it only responds to RFID tags configured for use in fuel sensing, otherwise tags on clothing or other sources could possible interfere with properly registering the fuel type. It will be appreciated that the unit may generate an inductive transmission, an RF signal, magnetic field signal, electric field signal, or other outputs capable of being sensed. A single antenna (shown), or multiple antennas may be utilized. [0205] The transmission power and signal are received by antenna 336 of RFID tag 324 with power being extracted by circuit 338 which may be stored on a capacitor. The code received is preferably checked within a circuit, such as transmitter 340, to validate that it is from a fuel pump transmitter and not some other source. [0206] Once the specific codes are validated, or codes associated with the allowed fuel types stored in memory 342, or based on contact pair settings (i.e. traces which are broken or unbroken), are transmitted by transmitter 340 back to detector and annunciator 318. Along with the fuel type, a header code is preferably sent that identifies that the response has been generated by a fuel type RFID tag and not another form of RFID. A receiver 344 within the detector-annunciator collects the coded response and after preferably first checking that the code is from a fuel type RFID tag, it checks the fuel type represented by a data comparator 350 which compares the value against a set code 348 which is set for the type of fuel being dispensed from the fuel pump. If a fuel type mismatch arises then oscillator 352 is triggered whose output is amplified 354 to drive an audio annunciator 356. Optionally, the mismatch signal 358 can be communicated back to the pump to register the problem and/or to shut of fueling to prevent the erroneous fueling operation. [0207] It is preferred that the unit provide different levels of warnings. For example consider a vehicle that should be filled with unleaded hi-octane (>89 octane) fuel. If someone attempted to fuel it with diesel fuel then a high level of warning should be generated as the vehicle would not operate on diesel fuel and it could damage the engine. However, if someone attempted to fuel the vehicle with 87 octane fuel a lower level of warning is generated by the system, because the vehicle could operate on the lower octane fuel and their may be a reason the user chose it. [0208] In an enhanced embodiment of the invention, the RFID transponder tag is configured with memory 343 for retaining identification information, preferably specifically about the vehicle. For example, the VIN, license plate number, or other identifier associated with the vehicle can be encoded in the RFID. Alternatively, any somewhat unique identifier can be encoded into the RFID to distinguish one vehicle from another. The transponder tag is configured to automatically transmit this vehicle identifier, preferably along with the fuel type data, at the time it is challenged. [0209] The challenge transceiver system at the pump location is configured to receive this ID which is communicated back, such as via interface 358, to the fuel purchase transaction log, wherein the vehicle being fueled is included within the transaction log allowing this information to be printed with the receipt, printed on the bank statement and so forth. The user can tell which of the vehicles was filled with fuel when they view the receipt, charge card statement, bank statement, or other statement including transaction information and which is configured according to the present invention to include the vehicle identification information. [0210] The memory within the RFID can be configured as a section of one time writable memory, therein allowing the user to set their own vehicle identifier if desired, such as names for each vehicle. [0211]FIG. 7 depicts a different aspect of the invention wherein the secure RFID is used in an embodiment 400 for controlling who can operate equipment. In this embodiment the equipment generates periodic RFID checks (on power-up and every minute or so thereafter). User wears an RFID as sticker on ID tag, wallet card, pen, or so forth. Equipment only operates for personnel with correct level of clearance, or even for a specific individual. [0212] A laptop computer 402 having special application programming for controlling a factory floor 404 (or otherwise providing information or control to which access is to be limited). A detector-annunciator 406 installed on the laptop computer generates challenges upon being powered up. If the challenges are properly responded to by an RFID unit, such as the one around the neck of individual 408 contained on the ID tag 410, then the computer can be operated conventionally. However, if the person walks out of range of the computer the screen blanks, or otherwise shows non-confidential information, and the inputs to the computer are locked out, such as the keyboard and pointing device. If a person without the proper clearance on their RFID tag powers on the computer, then it preferably locks the user out from any sensitive functions, and may simply come up with a warning message. [0213] Optionally, when a proper RFID is not present the unit can display a screen for collecting a username and password, which could provide a backdoor should a person with proper clearance lose their tag or if the tag is otherwise inoperable. Additionally, for more highly sensitive items, it may require that at least two usernames and passwords be entered to bypass the RFID security. Transitions Lighting—(AfterGlow Light Switches) (Category: Lighting Subcategory: LightingAfterGlow) [0214] Utility patent application describing “LED Lighting for Tubular Fluorescent Fixtures” within docket “Display_RAST092303” Ser. No. 10/670,432 filed Sep. 23, 2003; [0215] Provisional patent application related to the above Ser. No. 60/413,199 as filed Sep. 23, 2002; [0216] Provisional patent application describing “Transitions Lighting” within docket “PPA_RAST061403” Ser. No. 60/478,900 filed Jun. 14, 2003. [0217] 4.1 Background [0218] Injuries often occur as a result of turning off the light in an area that needs to be traversed. It will be appreciated that our ability to see in the dark is limited, and can be compromised for a period of many seconds or even minutes after exposure to sufficiently bright lighting. The use of dual-pole (multi-way) switches allow a light to be controlled from either and entrance or exit, but it is very difficult to install such switching into existing infrastructure which does not provide additional light switches. [0219] Accordingly a need exists for a system and method of eliminating the necessity to traverse an areas that is darkened by our turning off the light switch. The present invention fulfills that need and others and can be implemented within the existing infrastructure. [0220] 4.2 Summary and Abstract [0221] A number of aspects of the invention are provided for increasing safety when transitioning a room whose light or light have been turned off by a switch. (1) A mechanism is described which affirms the off selection, and then transitions the lighting over a period of time to the off condition. (2) A mechanism is described for activating a separate transition light for a sufficient period of time to allow transitioning the room or area that will be darkened. (3) A mechanism is described for creating a virtual dual-pole switching (or multi-way switching) arrangement that can be utilized with existing light wiring. Each of these aspects can be implemented for removing the danger for moving through an area that is darkened in response to switching off a light or lights. [0222] In addition a “light bulb” is described which contains one or more LED elements, and having a base configured for insertion within a light fixture, such as a conventional screw in base light fixture. The bulb is configured to fade the light output from the LED elements in response to powering off the AC to the fixture, instead of the conventional immediate loss of lighting. This improvement allows individuals to be able to see while traversing an area after turning off the light switch, but the light drops somewhat and/or another signal is generated in response to AC being turned off so user does not wonder if they have indeed turned off the light. [0223] Other aspects of the invention also describe incorporating a means for retaining some level of light output from an AC powered light fixture after the AC power has been shut off. In these embodiments, the system is implemented within LED light bulbs, or fluorescent tubes, as described in the incorporated application, which can be inserted within an AC powered light fixture. For example as an LED light bulb as a screw in replacement for a conventional incandescent bulb. [0224] The incorporation of the present transitional lighting device has a number of benefits to the user, and unlike other forms of lighting such as incandescent or fluorescent lighting it can be readily implemented. It should be appreciated that fluorescent lighting cannot be dimmed, while incandescent lighting is driven at high voltage, with high power requirements, directly from the AC line without a regulating circuit. Within an LED bulb however, the low power and the need for power regulation, allows for the inexpensive addition of this transition lighting circuit for generating sufficient light to allow egressing an area after the light switch has been flipped to OFF. [0225] The teachings may be incorporated within any LED based lighting element which incorporates a power regulating device within the bulb unit, such as conventional looking bulbs, LED bulbs in a fluorescent lighting form factor, and other packaging configurations. [0226] 4.3 Description 4.3.1 Temporal Transitioning of Existing Lighting [0227] In this embodiment when the user switches the lighting to an off position, the switch mechanism does not immediately switch to off, but instead transitions the light over a period of time from the on to the off position. This extra time allows the person to egress the soon to be darkened area. Lights controlled by the switch can operate in concert or separately. Often a light switch is positioned on a wall such that we must turn off the light and then walk across the room in the dark—until we reach the next light switch—not very safe or comforting. Invention keeps lights lit briefly to allow transitioning the room. [0228] One embodiment is a time delay within a given light switch. Light is flicked off, then it blips back to a dimming mode keeping some light for a period of time. For incandescent lights the unit can fade the intensity over time, whereas fluorescent lighting may need to retain a standard intensity. Preferably a switch selection allows user to determine the type of lighting attached, mode of transition, and optionally even the time delay. [0229]FIG. 8 exemplifies an embodiment of transition lighting 510. An AC control switch 512 (i.e. Triac, SCR, FET based) is connected to control the current passing through switch contacts 514, 516. A manual switch 518 receives user light control input to a timer element 520 that can store power via diode 522 and capacitor 524. Upon switch 518 being set in an off state the device is configured to generate an indication that the switch has been set to the off position. In this embodiment the timing device preferably temporarily shuts down switch 512 (i.e. for 0.2S to 2S) after which it sets switch 512 to a half active state, preferably by switching on and off at about a 50% duty cycle. The average current through switch 512 is then dropped over a sufficient period of time to allow the person turning on the light to leave the room while it is lit, for example approximately 15 seconds, and then completely switched off until switch 518 is again activated by the user. Other forms of annunciation can include initially dropping the intensity to a second intensity from which the lighting transitions over time to the off state. The dimming of the light is preferably accomplished by either changing the portion of the 60 Hz waveform at which the transition from off to on occurs, such as when using an SCR, TRIAC or similar AC control switch. Alternatively, pulse-width modulation (PWM) can be utilized for controlling the on and off duty cycle and thus the intensity of light provided. Controlling the power as above can allow for some level of dimming to occur for fluorescent light fixtures. It is preferable that the switch be configured with separate settings for incandescent and fluorescent lighting, or that a separate switching unit be sold for use with fluorescent lighting. [0230] On lighting controlled by a dimmer, as the light is already dimmed when the off-state detent is activated, the light level will be increased to provide sufficient light to comfortably see when transitioning across the area. Annunciation may be provided by pulsing the light intensity to a medium-intensity state for a brief period (i.e. 0.2S to 1 S). [0231] An alternate embodiment may be created by configuring light bulbs to provide the transitional effect. In a first implementation portions of the interior of an incandescent bulb is coated a phosphorescent material, that fluoresces after the light is switched off. Preferably the portion coated is that portion about the base of the bulb so direct lighting through the bulb is not blocked. This is particular well suited to flood light style bulbs portions of the interior of which are conventionally coated with reflective material. In a second implementation a power storage element is coupled to the lighting element (i.e. within or separate) which retains sufficient charge for keeping the light element lit for a number of seconds after the power has been turned off. This implementation can be used with any form of lighting but is particularly well suited for use with direct current lighting elements, such as LED lighting which is becoming increasingly affordable. [0232] The unit is preferably configured with a means for allowing the user to select the parameters of device operation. By way of example, the time delay may be set, such as by control 526, and mode selections asserted on the annunciations, and intensity drop as depicted by controls 528, 530. [0233] It should be appreciated that a number of different circuits can be utilized within the light switch for slowly transitioning the light output between the On state and the Off state; these can be utilized without departing from the teachings of the present invention. 4.3.2 Temporal Transitioning of Additional Lighting [0234] In this embodiment when the user switches the lighting to an off position, which triggers another light to respond for a period of time. In one embodiment the light is generated from the switch itself, such as from one or more focused high intensity LEDs or a diffused laser light. [0235] Embodiment 550 exemplifies this form of transition lighting wherein a lamp 552 (incandescent or any other form of lighting) is coupled through a switch 554 to the power mains, such as 110 VAC. A conventional AC power switch 556 can be utilized in this example for switching the power to lamp 552. [0236] A means for storing electrical power charges during the time the light is in the On position and upon detecting that switch 556 has open circuited, it activates its own lighting thus providing some light to allow the user to safely egress. [0237] Energy can be stored on a capacitor 558 upon which charge is stored as current passes through rectifier 562 and limiting resistor 560. When light switch 556 is switched to OFF then switch 564, exemplified as a MOSFET switch, activates this allowing the current from capacitor 558 to power LED 566. The intensity of LED 566 naturally drops as the charge on the capacitor is dissipated. It should be noted that no additional annunciation means is necessary with this embodiment as the lights being controlled by the switch actually turn off and appears conventional. [0238] The light source 566 may comprise one or more lighting elements of any desired type. It is preferred, however, that the lights be retained within a housing that allows the user to set the direction of illumination, wherein it can be assured the light is being directed at a proper location. [0239] In alternative embodiments, light source 566 and the circuit shown, or a similar operating circuit, can be located within the lighting fixture. By way of example the light and circuit can be integrated within an add-on module, such as within a screw-on base module into which light 552 is then threaded. In this way it is assured that the light is being generated at a suitable location for the area. [0240] In another alternative embodiment, light source 566 is replaced, or augmented by, a transmitter 568 configured for directing a signal to a remote switch or lighting unit. A signal from the transmitter (i.e. AC line signal, RF, magnetic field, electric field, optical, ultrasonic and so forth) is configured for activating a separate light element to provide the transition lighting. The separate light element may comprise other conventional lighting, battery powered lighting, or other auxiliary lighting which is configured with a receiver for being at least partially activated in response to the receiving the signal. The signal can be received over the power lines, through the atmosphere and so forth. [0241]FIG. 10 depicts an embodiment 570 of an auxiliary lighting element whose output is controlled in response to transmissions received from transmitter 568. In this example the auxiliary lighting is provided by a conventional light controlled by a switch 573 having an integral receiver 576. The receiver 576 is configured to receive the transmission from transmitter 568 and to activate light 572 accordingly at a sufficient intensity level to assure safety (i.e. low to medium intensity). The signal can be received as a signal superimposed over the power lines, an RF signal, an optical signal, an acoustic signal, or other desired form. Upon receiving the signal, receiver 576 activates switching element 578 to allow a level of current to flow through lighting 572. The intensity of the lighting can be controlled, such as by PWM modes, or by controlling the current flow, such as in response to power resistor 580. [0242]FIG. 11 depicts another embodiment 590 of auxiliary lighting in which a power source 592, preferably a battery, (or solar cell charged capacitor/battery, fuel cell, AC powered, etc.) provides the power for receiver 594 as well as low power lighting 596. Upon receipt of the transmissions receiver activates an internal switch to power light elements 596, such as LED light units. For example a couple of standard AA batteries could be used to power a stick-on remote light in response to the transmitter signal. The duration that lighting 596 is activated can be controlled by either transmitter 568, or a timing element within receiver 594, or a combination of the two. The invention can be embodied with a user selectable lighting duration, depending on the application. 4.3.3 Multi-Way Light Switching [0243] In this embodiment the existing light wiring is augmented with additional circuitry to provide multi-way lighting without the need to change the wiring. A slave switch and a master switch are configured with a transmitter and receiver respectively for communicating state changes of the lighting. The transmitter and receiver preferably communicate by superimposing signals over the conventional power lines, although RF, magnetic, electric field, optical, ultrasonic, and other forms of transmission between the units may be utilized. In this embodiment one light switch is the master switch, as it is the one that the light being powered is actually connected. One or more other remote switches are configured as slaves switches to generate signals to the master switch for changing the state of the lighting. Preferably, the slave switches are configured to provide the control of another conventional light as well as the slave signals to the master, thereby eliminating the need for extra switches as any existing switch can be swapped out with a slave switch to control any desired light. [0244]FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate by way of example a slave switch arrangement 600 and master switch arrangement 620. A light element 602 is controlled by a light switch 604 whose switch element is 606. Light 602 is controlled generally conventionally. However, an additional transmitter and control circuit 608 is contained within switch housing 604 along with a selector 610. In response to activating switch 610, transmitter 608 is activated to send a signal to the master switch. It should be appreciated that the state of light 602 does not change in response to pressing temporary contact switch 610. The slave function can thus be embedded within a light switch used for controlling another light not associated with the master. [0245] In master circuit 620 a light 622 is controlled by an electronically activated switch 626. A receiver and control circuit 628 is configured with switch 630, again preferably a temporary contact switch (i.e. PBNO). In response to activating switch 630, after debouncing, the state of a flip-flop within circuit 628 is toggled which changes the state of switch 626 and the ON or OFF state of light 622. A separate indicator 632 can be provided to indicate the intended state of the lighting, so that the state can be determined without the need to see fixture 622, and so that the state can be seen even if the light element 622 becomes inoperative. [0246] In response to receiving a signal from transmitter 608 in FIG. 12A, the receiver in FIG. 12B toggles the state of switch 626 to the opposite condition and sets the LED activity accordingly. It will be appreciated that in this way light 622 can be controlled by any light switch in the house, wherein the need for extra wiring for multi-way lighting is eliminated. [0247] The slave and master can even be coded so that multiple slave-master pairs may be utilized within a given household without interference. The code should be sufficiently long so as to prevent interference between adjacent households which can share a common power distribution transformer. Up to as many as four to about twelve homes can share a single power distribution transformer. It should be appreciated that these light control switches can be implemented in a number of alternative ways without departing from the present invention. 4.3.4 LED Transitions Bulb [0248] This embodiment incorporates circuitry within an LED based light bulb for maintaining a light output after the AC power to the element has been turned off. The light output transitioning sufficiently at the time of AC being turned off, or another signal being generated, wherein the user is given sufficient feedback that they have indeed turned off the AC power to the light and the light is acting to execute. [0249]FIG. 13 depicts a schematic diagram of a multi-element LED lighting element “bulb” 640. The bulb embodiment shown has a base 642 with a center electrode 644 and a threaded electrode 646 for coupling to an AC power source. A housing 648 is shown, that is transparent or has at least one transparent portion to allow the light to be emitted. Circuitry with the light bulb comprises a rectifying means 650, such as a full wave bridge rectifier coupled to a power regulating device 652, which regulates the current provided to the LED array, shown as a combination series-parallel combination, although any form of connection can be supported as well as driving single LEDs of high power. [0250] Additional circuitry is shown which provides the functions of the present invention with a circuit portion (S1) 656 within the power regulator and a power storage circuit (S2) 658 shown coupled to power regulator 652. When AC is being supplied to the bulb unit through electrodes 644, 646 the power regulator stores charge on power storage circuit 658. When the AC power is turned off, then power regulator 652 selectively utilizes the power from the storage circuit 658 for powering a timing control circuit which controls the rate at which stored power is applied to the LED lighting elements. [0251] It should be appreciated that when the AC power is turned off that feedback should be provided to the user that indeed the power has been disconnected. This may be in the form of transitioning the light output from the LEDs as a signal, and/or using an annunciator, such as annunciator 660 (i.e. piezoelectric) coupled to the circuit section 656. [0252] A light signal indicating power turn off may for example comprise one or more flicks of the light output into an off state, followed by the light output slowly dimming, or various other patterns. Control circuit section 656 within the regulator (or coupled to the regulator) controls the transfer of power from the power storage circuit 28 to the lighting. The power stored on the power storage circuit 658 may be stored at a higher voltage than can be supplied to the LED elements, wherein the power supply may operate to convert the voltage and supply only the necessary current to the LED lighting elements. [0253]FIG. 14 depicts a very simplified version 665 of the circuitry within FIG. 13. In this embodiment the power regulator is configured with a limiting diode 668, or otherwise configured not to allow a reverse flow of current from the power storage element back into the regulator circuits. A means for limiting current, depicted as resistor 670, is coupled to a power storage element, depicted as a capacitor 672 (i.e. such as a dual-layer capacitor or other form of what is commonly referred to as supercapacitor having a high level of charge storage density). [0254] An optional switching element 674 (i.e. a MOSFET switch) in combination with a control circuit 675 is depicted for providing additional control of current flow from the capacitor to the LED array. For example the controller generate pulse width modulated signal (PWM) for controlling the intensity of the LEDs and prolonging the time over which a low to medium intensity of light is provided, or allowing the use of a smaller storage capacitor 658. [0255] In operation, the capacitor charges after power is applied, but the LED light output is not significantly dimmed nor is the power-supply overtaxed because of the current limiter 670. Once AC power has been deactivated, the power from the charge storage device 670 is supplied to the LED(s) (at less than their operating voltage which charged the capacitor), through the current limiter. It will be appreciated that as the light switch is flicked to OFF, that the light intensity drops immediately as the power supplied to the LED array is now through current limiter (resistor), and that the output light intensity fades in response to the time constant 1/RC. In this way the simple circuit provides for retaining energy for maintaining the lighting, for signaling the light change, and for transitioning the light from its active state as it dims over time to the off state. [0256] One embodiment of the solid state lighting of the present invention can be described as a solid state lighting element, comprising: (a) a base configured for insertion with an AC powered light fixture; (b) at least one LED light emitting element contained within said base; (c) a power rectifying and regulating circuit coupled to said at least one LED element and configured for controlling the power applied to said LED in response to the receipt of external AC power to said regulating circuit; (d) means for signaling that the external AC power received has switched from an ON state to an OFF state and for retaining the power output from said LED light emitting element for a given period of time. [0257] The means for signaling can comprise a capacitor configured to charge from DC power supplied by said power regulating circuit when said AC power is in the ON state, and then to discharge through said LED light emitting element(s) after AC power to the power regulating circuit has been turned off. [0258] It should be appreciated that a number of different embodiments can be created from the teachings herein and in the parent application. PrePaid Mail eMail [0259] Incorporated herein by reference: [0260] Regular patent application docket “PSPid” application Ser. No. 10/066,495 filed 02/02/022; [0261] Regular patent application docket “VideoCloakingRAST070103” application Ser. No. 10/612,686 as filed Jul. 1, 2003; and associated provisional application No. 60/394,160 filed Jul. 1, 2002. [0262] 5.1 Background: [0263] Traditionally email has been free which is good for interpersonal communication, but leads to unrestrained impersonal communication, such as from advertisers (spammers) that send unrestricted thousands and millions of unsolicited emails at no cost to themselves. [0264] 5.2 Summary and Abstract [0265] To reduce the problems with spam without reducing desired communications, the present invention provides means by which friends, associates, and business contacts can exchange emails at their discretion from other parties. The system is configured for charging for each email to be received by a user. The user in this case upon receiving email from someone they want to keep communicating with, clicks to automatically reverse the charges, therein sending an equivalent paid email back to the sender. This response provides a confirmation and equalizes the billing. Parties wishing to communicate can thus exchange mail between each other for free, while mail is received only from other parties that are willing to pay for the privilege. [0266] 5.3 Description [0267] The present system provides a system in which the user can select to allow only prepaid mail to be delivered, which is email for which a cash payment is accrued to their account on receipt or more preferably when opened. The amount being prepaid by the sender as a prerequisite for a value being displayed in association with opening/perusing the email. (Otherwise it is feared that an advertiser may indicate a high payment on an email and then welch on posting of that payment.) [0268] The system can be configured according to the invention so that the amount paid for the email by friends and desired senders is returned at user discretion, preferably in response to a single click or automatically based on information from the email, so that these forms of desired email are not restricted. Alternatively, the amount of the paid email can be declined, also in this way preventing the billing of the sender for the email. More preferably, the an email if equivalent value is posted back to the originator in another paid email, thereby providing a confirmation of receipt and of payment return. The email may be sent in a form of reply which may constitute a return receipt to the sender. Preferably, the payments are applied and deducted for paid emails within an account tracked by the user's internet service provider (ISP). In this way the user can charge their account if desired, and build up dollar credits based on opening paid advertising emails if desired. [0269]FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 exemplify sender and receiver views while FIG. 17 illustrates operation from the view of an ISP. [0270] The sender starts at block 710 a browser session and sets a destination and loads a subject line at block 712 and composes the email at block 714. The browser (or a separate payment application to which email may be run through by the user or ISP prior to sending) asks queries the user for payment detail at block 716, which may be collected as a manual response or based on a session value, default, or other automated payment selection. Preferably, an amount can be applied to the email as represented by block 718, or a default payment value attached. It is preferred that a standard rate be adopted for emails of a certain size, such as less than 500k. Emails of larger sizes requiring a larger payment, such as by the megabyte. This encourages parties toward smaller emails thus reducing the traffic and slow-downs on the Internet. The email is then sent at block 720 with the associated payment, and this portion of the session ends as per block 722.