Source: https://law.justia.com/codes/us/2015/title-15/chapter-41/subchapter-iii/sec.-1681a/
Timestamp: 2019-10-19 23:13:31
Document Index: 501454001

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1681', '§603', '§601', '§2', '§2402', '§6', '§111', '§214', '§411', '§611', '§1088', '§ 1681', '§1088', '§1088', '§1088', '§411', '§214', '§611', '§411', '§6', '§6', '§6', '§2402', '§411', '§7', '§2420', '§2401', '§2', '§2421', '§2401']

15 U.S.C. § 1681a (2015) - Definitions; rules of construction :: Title 15 - Commerce and Trade (Sections 1 - 8405) - US Code :: Justia
Justia US Law US Codes and Statutes US Code 2015 US Code Title 15 - Commerce and Trade (Sections 1 - 8405) Chapter 41 - Consumer Credit Protection (Sections 1601 - 1693r) Subchapter III - Credit Reporting Agencies (Sections 1681 - 1681x) Sec. 1681a - Definitions; rules of construction
Sec. 1681a - Definitions; rules of construction
Contains section 1681a
Source Credit Pub. L. 90-321, title VI, §603, as added Pub. L. 91-508, title VI, §601, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1128; amended Pub. L. 102-537, §2(b), Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3531; Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title II, §2402, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-426; Pub. L. 105-347, §6(1)-(3), Nov. 2, 1998, 112 Stat. 3211; Pub. L. 108-159, title I, §111, title II, §214(c)(1), title IV, §411(b), (c), title VI, §611, Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 1954, 1983, 2001, 2010; Pub. L. 111-203, title X, §1088(a)(1), (2)(A), (C), (3), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2086, 2087.
Statutes at Large References 84 Stat. 1128
106 Stat. 3531, 3532
110 Stat. 3009-426, 3009-1257, 3009-454
117 Stat. 1954, 2002
124 Stat. 2086, 2107
Public and Private Laws Public Law 90-321, Public Law 91-508, Public Law 102-537, Public Law 104-208, Public Law 105-347, Public Law 107-204, Public Law 108-159, Public Law 111-203
15 U.S.C. § 1681a (2015)
(1) In general.—The term "consumer report" means any written, oral, or other communication of any information by a consumer reporting agency bearing on a consumer's credit worthiness, credit standing, credit capacity, character, general reputation, personal characteristics, or mode of living which is used or expected to be used or collected in whole or in part for the purpose of serving as a factor in establishing the consumer's eligibility for—
(2) Exclusions.—Except as provided in paragraph (3), the term "consumer report" does not include—
(i) Medical Information.—The term "medical information"—
(1) Overdue support.—The term "overdue support" has the meaning given to such term in section 666(e) of title 42.
(2) State or local child support enforcement agency.—The term "State or local child support enforcement agency" means a State or local agency which administers a State or local program for establishing and enforcing child support obligations.
(1) Actions included.—The term "adverse action"—
(l) Firm Offer of Credit or Insurance.—The term "firm offer of credit or insurance" means any offer of credit or insurance to a consumer that will be honored if the consumer is determined, based on information in a consumer report on the consumer, to meet the specific criteria used to select the consumer for the offer, except that the offer may be further conditioned on one or more of the following:
(m) Credit or Insurance Transaction That Is Not Initiated by the Consumer.—The term "credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by the consumer" does not include the use of a consumer report by a person with which the consumer has an account or insurance policy, for purposes of—
(n) State.—The term "State" means any State, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, and any territory or possession of the United States.
(p) Consumer Reporting Agency That Compiles and Maintains Files on Consumers on a Nationwide Basis.—The term "consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis" means a consumer reporting agency that regularly engages in the practice of assembling or evaluating, and maintaining, for the purpose of furnishing consumer reports to third parties bearing on a consumer's credit worthiness, credit standing, or credit capacity, each of the following regarding consumers residing nationwide:
(1) Active duty military consumer.—The term "active duty military consumer" means a consumer in military service who—
(2) Fraud alert; active duty alert.—The terms "fraud alert" and "active duty alert" mean a statement in the file of a consumer that—
(3) Identity theft.—The term "identity theft" means a fraud committed using the identifying information of another person, subject to such further definition as the Bureau may prescribe, by regulation.
(4) Identity theft report.—The term "identity theft report" has the meaning given that term by rule of the Bureau, and means, at a minimum, a report—
(5) New credit plan.—The term "new credit plan" means a new account under an open end credit plan (as defined in section 1602(i) 1 of this title) or a new credit transaction not under an open end credit plan.
(1) Card issuer.—The term "card issuer" means—
(2) Credit card.—The term "credit card" has the same meaning as in section 1602 of this title.
(3) Debit card.—The term "debit card" means any card issued by a financial institution to a consumer for use in initiating an electronic fund transfer from the account of the consumer at such financial institution, for the purpose of transferring money between accounts or obtaining money, property, labor, or services.
(4) Account and electronic fund transfer.—The terms "account" and "electronic fund transfer" have the same meanings as in section 1693a of this title.
(5) Credit and creditor.—The terms "credit" and "creditor" have the same meanings as in section 1691a of this title.
(s) Federal Banking Agency.—The term "Federal banking agency" has the same meaning as in section 1813 of title 12.
(t) Financial Institution.—The term "financial institution" means a State or National bank, a State or Federal savings and loan association, a mutual savings bank, a State or Federal credit union, or any other person that, directly or indirectly, holds a transaction account (as defined in section 461(b) of title 12) belonging to a consumer.
(u) Reseller.—The term "reseller" means a consumer reporting agency that—
(v) Commission.—The term "Commission" means the Bureau.3
(x) Nationwide Specialty Consumer Reporting Agency.—The term "nationwide specialty consumer reporting agency" means a consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis relating to—
(2) Subsequent disclosure.—After taking any adverse action based in whole or in part on a communication described in paragraph (1), the employer shall disclose to the consumer a summary containing the nature and substance of the communication upon which the adverse action is based, except that the sources of information acquired solely for use in preparing what would be but for subsection (d)(2)(D) an investigative consumer report need not be disclosed.
(3) Self-regulatory organization defined.—For purposes of this subsection, the term "self-regulatory organization" includes any self-regulatory organization (as defined in section 78c(a)(26) of this title), any entity established under title I of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 [15 U.S.C. 7211 et seq.], any board of trade designated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and any futures association registered with such Commission.
2010—Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 111–203, §1088(a)(3), substituted "Bureau" for "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System".
Subsec. (q)(3), (4). Pub. L. 111–203, §1088(a)(2)(C), substituted "the Bureau" for "the Commission" wherever appearing.
Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 111–203, §1088(a)(2)(A), substituted "Bureau" for "Federal Trade Commission".
2003—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–159, §411(b)(1), substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (3), the term" for "The term" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–159, §214(c)(1), inserted "subject to section 1681s–3 of this title," after "(A)" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (d)(2)(D). Pub. L. 108–159, §611(b), inserted "or (x)" after "subsection (o)".
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 108–159, §411(c), inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'medical information' means information or records obtained, with the consent of the individual to whom it relates, from licensed physicians or medical practitioners, hospitals, clinics, or other medical or medically related facilities."
1998—Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 105–347, §6(1), struck out "any" before "communication of other".
Subsec. (o)(1). Pub. L. 105–347, §6(2), substituted "(d)(2)(D)" for "(d)(2)(E)".
Subsec. (o)(4). Pub. L. 105–347, §6(3), substituted "and" for "or" at end.
1996—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–208, §2402(e), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted heading, redesignated cls. (1) to (3) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively, added par. (2), and struck out at end "The term does not include (A) any report containing information solely as to transactions or experiences between the consumer and the person making the report; (B) any authorization or approval of a specific extension of credit directly or indirectly by the issuer of a credit card or similar device; or (C) any report in which a person who has been requested by a third party to make a specific extension of credit directly or indirectly to a consumer conveys his decision with respect to such request, if the third party advises the consumer of the name and address of the person to whom the request was made and such person makes the disclosures to the consumer required under section 1681m of this title."
Pub. L. 108–159, title IV, §411(d), Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 2002, provided that: "This section [amending this section and section 1681b of this title] shall take effect at the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2003], except that paragraph (2) of section 604(g) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act [15 U.S.C. 1681b(g)(2)] (as amended by subsection (a) of this section) shall take effect on the later of—
"(1) the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date on which the regulations required under paragraph (5)(B) of such section 604(g) are issued in final form; or
"(2) the date specified in the regulations referred to in paragraph (1)."
Pub. L. 105–347, §7, Nov. 2, 1998, 112 Stat. 3211, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and sections 1681b, 1681c, 1681g, 1681i, 1681k, and 1681s of this title] shall be deemed to have the same effective date [see section 2420 of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note below] as the amendments made by section 2403 of the Consumer Credit Reporting Reform Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–208; 110 Stat. 3009–1257 [3009–430]) [amending section 1681b of this title]."
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2420, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–454, provided that:
"(a) In General.—Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter [chapter 1 (§§2401–2422) of subtitle D of title II of div. A of Pub. L. 104–208, see Short Title of 1996 Amendment note set out under section 1601 of this title], the amendments made by this chapter shall become effective 365 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996].
"(b) Early Compliance.—Any person or other entity that is subject to the requirements of this chapter may, at its option, comply with any provision of this chapter before the date on which that provision becomes effective under this chapter, in which case, each of the corresponding provisions of this chapter shall be fully applicable to such person or entity."
Pub. L. 102–537, §2(d), Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3532, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 1681s–1 of this title and amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1993."
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2421, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–454, provided that: "Nothing in this chapter [chapter 1 (§§2401–2422) of subtitle D of title II of div. A of Pub. L. 104–208, see Short Title of 1996 Amendment note set out under section 1601 of this title] or the amendments made by this chapter shall be considered to supersede or otherwise affect section 2721 of title 18, United States Code, with respect to motor vehicle records for surveys, marketing, or solicitations."