Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US6944382?oq=5726663
Timestamp: 2018-02-20 06:21:54
Document Index: 354231056

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 120', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

US6944382B2 - Low water peak optical waveguide fiber - Google Patents
Low water peak optical waveguide fiber
US6944382B2
US6944382B2 US10773636 US77363604A US6944382B2 US 6944382 B2 US6944382 B2 US 6944382B2 US 10773636 US10773636 US 10773636 US 77363604 A US77363604 A US 77363604A US 6944382 B2 US6944382 B2 US 6944382B2
US10773636
US20040161216A1 (en )
This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/023,291 filed on Dec. 14, 2001, the content of which is relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 is hereby claimed. This application further claims the benefit of the priority date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/258,179, filed on Dec. 22, 2000, entitled “Hydrogen Resistant Low Water Peak Optical Waveguide Fiber and Method of Manufacturing Same”, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/272,015, filed Feb. 28, 2001, entitled “Low Water Peak Optical Waveguide Fiber”.
A eff=2π (∫E 2 r dr)2/(∫E 4 r dr),
A eff=π(D eff/2)2.
Δ(b)%=Δ(b o)(1−[¦b−b o¦/(b 1 −b o)]o),
where bo is the point at which Δ(b) % is maximum, b1 is the point at which Δ(b) % is zero, and b is in the range bi≦b≦bf, where delta is defined above, bi is the initial point of the α-profile, bf is the final point of the α-profile, and α is an exponent which is a real number. The initial and final points of the α-profile are selected and entered into the computer model. As used herein, if an α-profile is preceded by α step index profile or any other profile shape, the beginning point of the α-profile is the intersection of the α-profile and the step or other profile.
Gain compression factor, also known as the nonlinear gain parameter, refers to a semiconductor laser and is a proportionality constant that relates semiconductor laser material optical gain of the active region of the laser to the number of photons in the active region. In the relationship, G=f(εP), G is the gain of the laser, ε is the gain compression factor, P is number of photons in the active region (which is directly related to the laser output power) and f is a function. See Fiber Opic Communications Systems 2nd Edition, Agrawal, page 113.
Preferably, the optical waveguide fiber exhibits a maximum hydrogen induced attenuation change of less than about 0.005 dB/km at each wavelength within a wavelength range from about 1300 nm to about 1600 nm after being subjected to a 0.01 atm-hydrogen partial pressure for at least 336 hours.
In another apsect, the present invention relates to a low water peak, hydrogen resistant optical waveguide fiber, wherein the fiber comprises a silica containing glass core and a glass cladding surrounding the silica containing glass core, wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits an optical attenuation at a wavelength of about 1383 nm which is less than or equal to an optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1310 nm, and wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits a maximum hydrogen induced attenuation change of less than about 0.03 dB/km at a wavelength of 1383 nm after being subjected to a 0.01 atm hydrogen partial pressure for at least 144 hours. Preferably, the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1383 nm is at least 0.04 dB/km less than the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1310 nm, more preferably less than or equal to about 0.35 dB/km, even more preferably less than or equal to about 0.31 dB/km.
FIG. 1 schematically-illustrates the manufacture of a porous body using an outside vapor deposition process in accordance with the present invention;
As shown in FIG. 1 a substrate or bait rod or mandrel 30 is inserted through a glass body such as hollow or tubular handle 32 and mounted on a lathe (not shown). The lathe is designed to rotate and translate mandrel 30 in close proximity with a soot-generating burner 34. As mandrel 30 is rotated and translated, silica-based reaction product 36, known generally as soot, is directed toward mandrel 30. At least a portion of silica-based reaction product 36 is deposited on mandrel 30 and on a portion of handle 32 to form a body 20 thereon. While this aspect of the present invention has been described in conjunction with a mandrel 30 that is traversed by a lathe, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that soot generating burner 34 can traverse rather than mandrel 30. Moreover, this aspect of the present invention is not intended to limit soot deposition to an OVD process. Rather, other methods of chemically reacting at least some of the constituents of a moving fluid mixture, such as, but not limited to, liquid delivery of at least one glass-forming precursor compound in an oxidizing medium can be used to form the silica-based reaction product of the present invention, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/095,736, filed on Aug. 7, 1997, and PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US98/25608, filed on Dec. 3, 1998, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Moreover, other processes, such as the inside vapor (IV) deposition process, and modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process are also applicable to the present invention.
The drawn optical waveguide fiber is then preferably deuterized. Deuteration can be carried out by a number of various processes, and may be achieved by maintaining a silica body or part thereof at an elevated temperature in an atmosphere comprising deuterium. Appropriate heat treating times and temperatures can be determined from data available in the literature. DO/OH exchange in silica may occur at temperatures as low as 150° C., although treatment is more preferably carried out at higher temperatures, typically above about 500° C. The atmosphere can be either substantially D2 or may also comprise inert diluents, e.g., N2 or Ar. The time required for substantially complete deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) exchange throughout a volume of silica depends substantially exponentially on the temperature, at least approximately on the square of the diffusion distance, and approximately proportionally to the OH— concentration initially present in the silica body. The skilled artisan can estimate required heat treating times from data available in the literature. The required time also depends to some degree on the concentration of deuterium in contact with the silica body. Typically, a deuterium partial pressure of at least about 10 Torr can produce effective infusion of deuterium at appropriate temperatures.
One or more preferred embodiments of the present invention may have characteristics such as the fibers be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/075754 filed Feb. 23, 1998 and patent application Ser. No. 09/239,509 filed Jan. 28, 1999, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/156735 filed Sep. 30, 1999 and patent application Ser. No. 09/645025 filed Aug. 23, 2000, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/185,253 filed Feb. 28, 2000, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
1. A low water peak, hydrogen resistant optical waveguide fiber, the fiber comprising:
a silica containing glass core; and
a glass cladding surrounding the silica containing glass core;
wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits an optical attenuation at a wavelength of about 1383 nm which is less than or equal to an optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1310 nm; and
wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits a maximum hydrogen induced attenuation change of less than about 0.03 dB/km at a wavelength of 1383 nm after being subjected to a 0.01 atm hydrogen partial pressure for at least 144 hours.
2. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1383 nm is at least 0.04 dB/km less than the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1310 nm.
3. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 2, wherein the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1383 nm is less than or equal to about 0.35 dB/km.
4. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 3, wherein the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1383 nm is less than or equal to about 0.31 dB/km.
5. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits a maximum hydrogen induced attenuation change of less than about 0.03 dB/km at a wavelength of about 1383 nm after being subjected to a 0.01 atm hydrogen partial pressure for at least 336 hours.
6. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits an optical attenuation of less than about 0.36 dB/km at each wavelength within a wavelength range from about 1300 nm to about 1600 nm.
7. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the core is doped with germania.
8. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the core and the cladding each have a respective refractive index which form a step-index profile.
9. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the cladding glass comprises silica.
10. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the fiber contains no fluorine-based dopant.
11. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the glass core contains no fluorine-based dopant.
12. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the glass cladding contains no fluorine-based dopant.
13. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the fiber is formed from an OVD process.
14. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the silica containing core glass includes a weighted average OH content of less than 1 ppb.
15. An optical fiber communication system comprising the fiber of claim 1.
16. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits a maximum hydrogen induced attenuation change of less than about 0.03 dB/km at a wavelength of 1383 nm after being subjected to a 0.01 atm hydrogen partial pressure for 144 hours.
17. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 16, wherein the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1383 nm is at least 0.04 dB/km less than the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1310 nm.
18. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 16, wherein the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1383 nm is less than or equal to about 0.35 dB/km.
19. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 16, wherein the optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1383 nm is less than or equal to about 0.31 dB/km.
20. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 16, wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits an optical attenuation of less than about 0.36 dB/km at each wavelength within a wavelength range from about 1300 nm to about 1600 nm.
21. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 16, wherein the core is doped with germania.
22. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 16, wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits a zero dispersion at a wavelength greater than 1310 nm.
23. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits a maximum hydrogen induced attenuation change of less than about 0.03 dB/km at a wavelength of about 1383 nm after being subjected to a 0.01 atm hydrogen partial pressure for 336 hours.
24. An optical waveguide fiber comprising:
a core region having a centerline and at least two segments having a positive relative refractive index, a refractive index profile, and an inner and an outer radius, the radii being measured with reference to the centerline;
a clad layer surrounding and in contact with the core region, the clad layer having a relative index and a refractive index profile;
wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits an optical attenuation at a wavelength of about 1383 nm which is not more than 0.10 dB/km above an optical attenuation exhibited at a wavelength of about 1310 nm.
25. The optical waveguide fiber of claim 24 wherein the optical waveguide fiber exhibits a zero dispersion at a wavelength greater than 1310 nm.
US10773636 2000-12-22 2004-02-06 Low water peak optical waveguide fiber Active US6944382B2 (en)
US10023291 Continuation US6904772B2 (en) 2000-12-22 2001-12-14 Method of making a glass preform for low water peak optical fiber
US20040161216A1 true US20040161216A1 (en) 2004-08-19
US6944382B2 true US6944382B2 (en) 2005-09-13
US20050268664A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-08 Yun-Geun Jang Method for reducing hydrogen sensitivity of optical fiber
JP2004307280A (en) 2003-04-08 2004-11-04 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd Glass preform for optical fiber in which absorption due to hydroxide group is reduced and a method of manufacturing the same
DE102004035086B4 (en) * 2004-07-20 2008-07-03 Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg A process for preparing a hollow cylinder of quartz glass having a small inner diameter, and for performing the method suitable device
JP2007269527A (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-18 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The Method for manufacturing optical fiber perform and method for determining dehydration condition of porous glass preform
WO2008136918A3 (en) * 2007-05-07 2008-12-31 Corning Inc Large effective area fiber
DE3206143A1 (en) 1982-02-20 1983-09-01 Licentia Gmbh Process and arrangement for the production of a preform from which optical fibres can be drawn
US4515612A (en) 1982-04-19 1985-05-07 At&T Bell Laboratories Method for optical fiber fabrication including deuterium/hydrogen exchange
US4685945A (en) 1984-02-06 1987-08-11 Friedemann Freund Method of processing high purity low-OH vitreous silica fibers
Dialog Report of Abstract of DD 292587, Aug. 8, 1991, Physikalisch-Techn (PHYS-N) (Corresponds to item AL herein).
Dialog Report of Abstract of DE 3206143, Feb. 20, 1982, Licentia Patent-View GmBH (LICN) (Corresponds to item AM herein).
Dialog Report of Abstract of DE 3713029, Apr. 16, 1987, Deut Bundespost (DEBP) (Corresponds to item AN herein).
Fiber-Optic Communications Systems 2<SUP>nd </SUP>Edition, Agrawal, p. 113 (1997).
Fiber-Optic Communications Systems 2<SUP>nd </SUP>Edition, G. P. Agrawal, p. 223 (1997).
Kosaka et al, "Fabrication of ultra low-loss and low-OH VAD single mode fibers", Optical Communication, ECOC '84, 10 <SUP>th </SUP>European Conference on Optical Communication, Sep. 3-6, 1984, Stuttgart, FRG.
Kumar et al, "Effects of Deuterium Treatments on the Optical Properties of Fused Silica", Laser Induced Damage inOptical Materials: 1981, pp. 268-272.
MicroPatent Report of Abstract of JP63008707, Jun. 30, 1986, Fujikura Ltd.
Peder-Gothoni et al, "Reduction of Hydroxyl Ion Diffusion in Optical Fibres", Optics Communications, Jun. 1, 1985, vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 137-140.
Stone et al, "Overtone vibrations of OH groups in fused silica optical fibers", J. Chem. Phys. 76(4), Feb. 15, 1982, , pp. 1712-1722.
U.S. Appl. No. 09/547,598, filed Apr. 11, 2000, Berkey et al.
U.S. Appl. No. 09/558,770, filed Apr. 26, 2000, Allen et al.
U.S. Appl. No. 09/772,804, filed Nov. 27, 2000, Bookbinder et al.
U.S. Appl. No. 09/822,168, filed Mar. 31, 2001, Berkey et al.
U.S. Appl. No. 09/996,632, filed Nov. 28, 2001, Berkey et al.
U.S. Appl. No. 10/023,291, filed Dec. 14, 2001, Berkey et al.
U.S. Appl. No. 60/309,160, filed Jul. 31, 2002, Berkey et al.
US7257300B2 (en) * 2004-06-03 2007-08-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for reducing hydrogen sensitivity of optical fiber
US8401355B2 (en) 2007-05-25 2013-03-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Hydrogen-resistant optical fiber/grating structure suitable for use in downhole sensor applications
US6904772B2 (en) 2005-06-14 grant
US20060039664A1 (en) 2006-02-23 Large effective area high sbs threshold optical fiber