Source: http://www.google.fr/patents/US7753618?hl=fr
Timestamp: 2015-10-06 20:19:29
Document Index: 589259554

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61']

Brevet US7753618 - Rocks and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same - Google�BrevetsRecherche Images Maps Play YouTube Actualit�s Gmail Drive Plus »Connexion Recherche avanc�e dans les brevets BrevetsCompositions comprising synthetic rock, e.g., aggregate, and methods of producing and using them are provided. The rock, e.g., aggregate, contains CO2 and/or other components of an industrial waste stream. The CO2 may be in the form of divalent cation carbonates, e.g., magnesium and calcium carbonates....http://www.google.fr/patents/US7753618?utm_source=gb-gplus-shareBrevet US7753618 - Rocks and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same Recherche avanc�e dans les brevets Num�ro de publicationUS7753618 B2Type de publicationOctroi Num�ro de demandeUS 12/475,378 Date de publication13 juil. 2010 Date de d�p�t29 mai 2009 Date de priorit�28 juin 2007�tat de paiement des fraisPay�Autre r�f�rence de publicationUS7914685, US20100024686, US20100247410 Num�ro de publication12475378, 475378, US 7753618 B2, US 7753618B2, US-B2-7753618, US7753618 B2, US7753618B2 InventeursBrent Constantz, Andrew Youngs, James O'Neil, Kasra Farsad, Joshua Patterson, John Stagnaro, Ryan Thatcher, Chris Camire Cessionnaire d'origineCalera CorporationExporter la citationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManCitations de brevets (306), Citations hors brevets (106), R�f�renc� par (39), Classifications (44), �v�nements juridiques (4) Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, EspacenetRocks and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same
US 7753618 B2 R�sum�
1. A synthetic aggregate comprising a CO2-sequestering component comprising one or more carbonate compounds which, when the aggregate is subjected to a protocol for measuring carbon isotopic fractionation value (δ13C) consisting essentially of:
(i) digestion of the aggregate in 2M HClO4 (perchloric acid) to produce CO2 gas;
(ii) passing the gas through a gas dryer to produce a dried gas;
(iii) analyzing the dried gas using mass spectrometry to determine a ratio of the 13C to 12C in the carbon dioxide gas;
(iv) comparing the ratio of 13C to 12C determined in (iii) to a standard value of PeeDee Belemnite (PDB); and
(v) determining a value for carbon isotopic fractionation, expressed as ‰, from the comparison of (iv);
the aggregate is characterized by having a δ13C value less than −10‰, reflective of a fossil fuel origin for the carbon, and wherein the aggregate comprises at least 80% w/w of one or more carbonate compounds and has a hardness of at least 3 on the Mohs hardness scale, and further wherein the aggregate has an average particle size of 0.05 in. or greater.
2. The aggregate of claim 1 wherein the carbonate compounds comprise magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium calcium carbonate, or a combination thereof.
3. The aggregate of claim 2 wherein the molar ratio of calcium to magnesium in the aggregate is from 200/1 Ca/Mg to 1/200 Ca/Mg.
4. The aggregate of claim 1 that has a bulk density of between 75 lb/ft3 and 125 lb/lb/ft3.
5. The aggregate of claim 1 also comprising a sulfate and/or a sulfite.
6. A structure comprising the aggregate of claim 1.
7. The structure of claim 6 that is a building, a roadway, or a dam.
8. The roadway of claim 7 wherein the structure is a roadway and the roadway sequesters at least 1 ton of CO2 per lane mile of roadway.
Pursuant o 35 U.S.C. �119 (e), this application claims priority to the filing dates of: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/056,972, filed May 29, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/101,629 filed on Sep. 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/101,631 filed on Sep. 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/081,299 filed on Jul. 16, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/117,541 filed on Nov. 24, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/117,543 filed on Nov. 24, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/107,645 filed on Oct. 22, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/149,633 filed on Feb. 3, 2009; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/158,992 filed on Mar. 10, 2009; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/168,166, filed Apr. 9, 2009; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/170,086, filed Apr. 16, 2009; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/178,475, filed May 14, 2009; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/096,035, filed Sep. 11, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/116,141, filed Nov. 19, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/117,542, filed Nov. 24, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/148,353, filed Jan. 29, 2009; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/149,640, filed Feb. 3, 2009; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/181,250 filed on May 26, 2009, the disclosures of which applications are herein incorporated by reference. This application is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/344,019, filed Dec. 24, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/101,626, filed Sep. 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/073,319, filed Jun. 17, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/017,405, filed Dec. 28, 2007; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/057,173, filed May 29, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/082,766, filed Jul. 22, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/088,347, filed Aug. 13, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/088,340, filed Aug. 12, 2008; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/121,872, filed Dec. 11, 2008, and which is also a continuation-in-part of International Patent Application No. PCT/US08/088246, filed Dec. 23, 2008, and International Patent Application No. PCT/US08/088242, filed Dec. 23, 2008, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and to each of which we claim priority under 35 U.S.C. �120. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/163,205, filed Jun. 27, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/937,786, filed Jun. 28, 2007; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/017,392, filed Dec. 28, 2007; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/073,326, filed 17 Jun. 2008, each of is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and to each of which we claim priority under 35 U.S.C. �120.
In some embodiments the invention provides a method of manufacturing aggregate by a process that includes precipitating a carbonate compound from a divalent cation-containing water and processing the precipitate to produce an aggregate; in some embodiments the method further includes contacting the divalent cation-containing water with CO2 from an industrial waste gas stream, such as flue gas from a power plant or a cement plant, e.g. flue gas from a coal-fired power plant. In some embodiments the method includes contacting the divalent cation-containing water with CO2 from the combustion of a fossil fuel such as natural gas or coal, e.g., coal. In some embodiments the processing of the precipitate includes treating the precipitate with elevated temperature, elevated pressure, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the processing of the precipitate comprises combining the precipitate with a cementitious material and water, allowing the combination to set to provide a solidified material, and may further include breaking up the solidified material.
FIG. 7 provides a Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectrum for the precipitation material produced in Example 1.
The carbonate compounds in embodiments of the invention include precipitated crystalline and/or amorphous carbonate compounds and in some embodiments bicarbonate compounds. Specific carbonate minerals of interest include, but are not limited to: calcium carbonate minerals, magnesium carbonate minerals and calcium magnesium carbonate minerals. Calcium carbonate minerals of interest include, but are not limited to: calcite (CaCO3), aragonite (CaCO3), vaterite (CaCO3), ikaite (CaCO3.6H2O), and amorphous calcium carbonate (CaCO3.nH2O). Magnesium carbonate minerals of interest include, but are not limited to: dypingite (Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.5(H2O); the term dypingite is used herein to include dypingite minerals of this formula), magnesite (MgCO3), barringtonite (MgCO3.2H2O), nesquehonite (MgCO3.3H2O), lanfordite (MgCO3.5H2O) and amorphous magnesium carbonate (MgCO3.nH2O). Calcium magnesium carbonate minerals of interest include, but are not limited to dolomite (CaMgCO3), huntitte (CaMg(CO3)4) and sergeevite (Ca2Mg11(CO3)13.H2O). In certain embodiments, non-carbonate compounds like brucite Mg(OH)2 may also form in combination with the minerals listed above. As indicated above, the compounds of the carbonate compounds may be metastable carbonate compounds (and may include one or more metastable hydroxide compounds) that are more stable in saltwater than in freshwater, such that upon contact with fresh water, they dissolve and re-precipitate into other fresh water stable compounds, e.g., minerals such as low-Mg calcite.
In some embodiments, silica minerals may co-occur with the carbonate compounds, forming carbonate silicate compounds. These compounds may be amorphous in nature or crystalline. In certain embodiments, the silica may be in the form of opal-A, amorphous silica, typically found in chert rocks. Calcium magnesium carbonate silicate amorphous compounds may form, within crystalline regions of the carbonate minerals listed above. Non-carbonate, silicate minerals may also form. Sepiolite is a clay mineral, a complex magnesium silicate, a typical formula for which is Mg4SiO15(OH)2.6H2O. It can be present in fibrous, fine-particulate, and solid forms. Silicate carbonate minerals may also form. Carletonite, KNa4Ca4(CO3)4Si8O18(F,OH)—H2O, Hydrated potassium sodium calcium carbonate silicate, can form under these conditions. Like any member of the phyllosilicates subclass, carletonite's structure is layered with alternating silicate sheets and the potassium, sodium and calcium layers. Unlike other phyllosilicates, carletonite's silicate sheets are composed of interconnected four and eight-member rings. The sheets can be thought of as being like chicken wire with alternating octagon and square shaped holes. Both octagons and squares have a four fold symmetry and this is what gives carletonite its tetragonal symmetry; 4/m 2/m 2/m. Only carletonite and other members of the apophyllite group have this unique interconnected four and eight-member ring structure.
The carbonate and/or bicarbonate compounds of aggregates of the invention generally are derived from, e.g., precipitated from, an aqueous solution of divalent cations (as described in greater detail below). As the carbonate and/or bicarbonate compound compositions of the aggregates are precipitated from the aqueous solution of divalent cations, they will include one or more components that are present in the solution from which they are derived. For example, where the aqueous solution of divalent cations is salt water, the carbonate and/or bicarbonate compounds and aggregates that include the same can include one or more compounds found in the aqueous cation solution source. These compounds can be correlated to components that originate at the aqueous cation solution source, where these identifying components and the amounts thereof are collectively referred to herein as a cation solution source identifier. For example, if the cation solution source is sea water, identifying compounds that may be present in the precipitated mineral compositions include, but are not limited to: chloride, sodium, sulfur, potassium, bromide, silicon, strontium and the like. Any such, source-identifying or “marker” elements are generally present in small amounts, e.g., in amounts of 20,000 parts per million rpm) or less, such as amounts of 2000 ppm or less. In certain embodiments, the “marker” compound is strontium, which may be present in the precipitated composition comprising carbonates and/or bicarbonates. Strontium may be incorporated into the aragonite (calcium carbonate) lattice, and contribute 10,000 ppm or less, ranging in certain embodiments from 3 to 10,000 ppm, such as from 5 to 5000 ppm, including 5 to 1000 ppm, e.g., 5 to 500 ppm, including 5 to 100 ppm. Another “marker” compound is magnesium, which may be present in amounts of up to 20% mole substitution for calcium in carbonate compounds. The aqueous cation solution source identifier of the compositions may vary depending on the particular aqueous cation solution source employed to produce the saltwater-derived precipitate composition comprising carbonates and/or bicarbonates. In certain embodiments, the calcium carbonate content of the aggregate is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% or 25% w/w or higher, such as 30% w/w or higher, and including 40% w/w or higher, e.g., 50% w/w or even 60% w/w or higher, 70% w/w or higher, 80% w/w or higher, 90% w/w or higher, or 95% w/w or higher. In certain embodiments, the magnesium carbonate content of the aggregate is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% or 25% w/w or higher, such as 30% w/w or higher, and including 40% w/w or higher, e.g., 50% w/w or even 60% w/w or higher, 70% w/w or higher, 80% w/w or higher, 90% w/w or higher, or 95% w/w or higher.
The aggregate has, in certain embodiments, a calcium/magnesium ratio that is influenced by, and therefore reflects, the water source from which it has been precipitated, e.g., seawater, which contains more magnesium than calcium, or, e.g., certain brines, which often contain one-hundred-fold the calcium content as seawater; the calcium/magnesium ratio also reflects factors such as the addition of calcium and/or magnesium-containing substances during the production process, e.g., the use of flyash, red mud, slag, or other calcium and/or magnesium-containing industrial wastes, or the use of calcium and/or magnesium-containing minerals such as mafic and ultramafic minerals, such as serpentine, olivine, and the like, as further described herein, or wollastonite. Because of the large variation in raw materials as well as materials added during production, the calcium/magnesium molar ratio may vary widely in various embodiments of the compositions and methods of the invention, and indeed in certain embodiment the ratio may be adjusted according to the intended use of the aggregate. Thus, in certain embodiments, the calcium/magnesium molar ratio in the aggregate ranges from 200/1 Ca/Mg to 1/200 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 1/100 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 1/50 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 1/10 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 1/5 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 1/1 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 5/1 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 10/1 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 100/1 Ca/Mg to 10/1 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 1/1 Ca/Mg to 1/100 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 1/1 Ca/Mg to 1/50 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 1/1 Ca/Mg to 1/25 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 1/1 Ca/Mg to 1/10 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 1/1 Ca/Mg to 1/8 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 1/1 Ca/Mg to 1/5 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 10/1 Ca/Mg to 1/10 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 8/1 Ca/Mg to 1/8 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 6/1 Ca/Mg to 1/6 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 4/1 Ca/Mg to 1/4 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 2/1 Ca/Mg to 1/2 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium/magnesium molar ratio is 20/1 or greater, such as 50/1 or greater, for example 100/1 or greater, or even 150/1 or greater. In some embodiments, the calcium/magnesium molar ratio is 1/10 or less, such as 1/25 or less, for example 1/50 or less, o