Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100260076A1/en
Timestamp: 2018-07-19 16:06:58
Document Index: 438448536

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61']

US20100260076A1 - Half-Duplex Phased Array Antenna System - Google Patents
US20100260076A1
US20100260076A1 US12759112 US75911210A US2010260076A1 US 20100260076 A1 US20100260076 A1 US 20100260076A1 US 12759112 US12759112 US 12759112 US 75911210 A US75911210 A US 75911210A US 2010260076 A1 US2010260076 A1 US 2010260076A1
US12759112
US8817672B2 (en )
This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/237,967, entitled “ACTIVE BUTLER AND BLASS MATRICES,” which was filed on Aug. 28, 2009. This application is also a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/259,375, entitled “ACTIVE HYBRIDS FOR ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” which was filed on Nov. 9, 2009. This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/234,513, entitled “ACTIVE FEED FORWARD AMPLIFIER,” which was filed on Aug. 17, 2009. This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/222,354, entitled “ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ARCHITECTURE,” which was filed on Jul. 1, 2009.
This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/168,913, entitled “ACTIVE COMPONENT PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA,” which was filed on Apr. 13, 2009. This application is also a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/259,049, entitled “DYNAMIC REAL-TIME POLARIZATION FOR ANTENNAS,” which was filed on Nov. 6, 2009. This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/234,521, entitled “MULTI-BAND MULTI-BEAM PHASED ARRAY ARCHITECTURE,” which was filed on Aug. 17, 2009. This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/265,605, entitled “HALF-DUPLEX PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA SYSTEM,” which was filed on Dec. 1, 2009. This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/265,587, entitled “FRAGMENTED APERTURE KA/KU-BAND,” which was filed on Dec. 1, 2009. This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/265,596, entitled “ANTENNA TILE DEVICE AND DESIGN,” which was filed on Dec. 1, 2009. This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/222,363, entitled “BIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA POLARIZER,” which was filed on Jul. 1, 2009. All of the contents of the previously identified applications are hereby incorporated by reference for any purpose in their entirety.
A typical digital phase shifter uses switched delay lines, is physically large, and operates over a narrow band of frequencies due to its distributed nature. Another type of typical digital phase shifter implements a switched high-pass low-pass filter architecture which has better operating bandwidth compared to a switched delay line but is still physically large. Also, these phase shifters are often made on gallium arsenide (GaAs). Though other materials may be, used, GaAs is a higher quality material designed and controlled to provide good performance of electronic devices. However, in addition to being a higher quality material than other possible materials, GaAs is also more expensive and more difficult to manufacture. The typical phased array components take up a lot of area on the GaAs, resulting in higher costs. Furthermore, a standard phase shifter involving solid state circuits has high radio frequency (RF) power loss, which is typically about (2*n) dB of loss, where n is the number of phase bits in the phase shifter. Another prior art embodiment uses RF MEMS switches and has lower power loss but still consumes similar space and is generally incompatible with monolithic solutions.
In addition to digital phase shifters, quadrature hybrids or other differential phase generating hybrids are also used in a variety of RF applications. In an exemplary embodiment, quadrature hybrids are used for generating circular polarization signals, power combining, or power splitting. In an exemplary embodiment, the outputs of a quadrature hybrid have equal amplitude and a nominally 90° phase difference. In another typical embodiment, the quadrature hybrid is implemented as a distributed structure, such as a Lange coupler, a branchline coupler, and/or the like. A 180° hybrid, such as a magic tee or a ring hybrid, results in a nominally 180° phase shift. In general, quadrature hybrids and 180° hybrids are limited in frequency bandwidth and require significant physical space. Additionally, since the structures are distributed in nature, their physical size increases with decreasing frequency. Moreover, the quadrature hybrids and 180° hybrids are typically made of GaAs and have associated RF power loss on the order of 3-4 dB per hybrid when used as a power splitter, and an associated power loss of about 1 dB when used as a power combiner.
In another exemplary embodiment, active power splitter 100 additionally provides matched impedances at the input and output ports. The matched impedances may be 50 ohms, 75 ohms, or other suitable impedances. Furthermore, in an exemplary embodiment, active splitter 100 provides isolation between the output ports of the active power splitter. In one exemplary embodiment, active power splitter 100 is manufactured as a RFIC with a compact size that is independent of the operating frequency due to a lack of distributed components.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment and with reference to FIG. 3, a vector generator 300 comprises a passive I/Q generator 310, a first variable gain amplifier (VGA) 320 and a second VGA 321, a first quadrant select 330 and a second quadrant select 331 each configured for phase inversion switching, and a current summer 340. The first quadrant select 330 is in communication with I/Q generator 310 and first VGA 320. The second quadrant select 331 is in communication with I/Q generator 310 and second VGA 321. Furthermore, in an exemplary embodiment, vector generator 300 comprises a digital controller 350 that controls a first digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 360 and a second DAC 361. The first and second DACs 360, 361 control first and second VGAs 321, 320, respectively. Additionally, digital controller 350 controls first and second quadrant selects 330, 331.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, bidirectional antenna polarizer 400 is capable of beam steering and generating or receiving signals with any polarization. This includes linear, circular, and elliptical polarizations. The signal polarization is controlled by the vector generators, which are in turn controlled by DACs 450. In an exemplary embodiment, DACs 450 are reprogrammable and thus the polarization produced by the vector generators can be changed at anytime, including after fabrication, without physical modification of bidirectional antenna polarizer 400.
4 Color System: In the field of consumer satellite RF communication, a satellite will typically transmit and/or receive data (e.g., movies and other television programming, interne data, and/or the like) to consumers who have personal satellite dishes at their home. More recently, the satellites may transmit/receive data from more mobile platforms (such as, transceivers attached to airplanes, trains, and/or automobiles). It is anticipated that increased use of handheld or portable satellite transceivers will be the norm in the future. Although sometimes described in this document in connection with home satellite transceivers, the prior art limitations now discussed may be applicable to any personal consumer terrestrial transceivers (or transmitters or receivers) that communicate with a satellite.
The following applications are related to this subject matter: U.S. application Ser. No. 12/759,123, entitled “ACTIVE BUTLER AND BLASS MATRICES,” which is being filed contemporaneously herewith (docket no. 36956.7100); U.S. application Ser. No. 12/759,043, entitled “ACTIVE HYBRIDS FOR ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” which is being filed contemporaneously herewith (docket no. 36956.7200); U.S. application Ser. No. 12/759,064, entitled “ACTIVE FEED FORWARD AMPLIFIER,” which is being filed contemporaneously herewith (docket no. 36956.7300); U.S. application Ser. No. 12/759,130, entitled “ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ARCHITECTURE,” which is being filed contemporaneously herewith (docket no. 36956.7600); U.S. application Ser. No. 12/758,996, entitled “PRESELECTOR AMPLIFIER,” which is being filed contemporaneously herewith (docket no. 36956.6800); U.S. application Ser. No. 12/759,148, entitled “ACTIVE POWER SPLITTER,” which is being filed contemporaneously herewith (docket no. 36956.8700); U.S. application Ser. No. 12/759,059, entitled “MULTI-BEAM ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ARCHITECTURE,” which is being filed contemporaneously herewith (docket no. 36956.6500); U.S. application Ser. No. 12/759,113, entitled “DIGITAL AMPLITUDE CONTROL OF ACTIVE VECTOR GENERATOR,” which is being filed contemporaneously herewith (docket no. 36956.9000); the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference for any purpose in their entirety. Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of any or all the claims. As used herein, the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, no element described herein is required for the practice of the invention unless expressly described as “essential” or “critical.”
1. A bidirectional antenna polarizer in communication with a radiating element, the bidirectional antenna polarizer comprising:
at least two vector generators configured to adjust at least one of the phase and amplitude of a transmit signal and a receive signal; and
at least one switch configured to control signal routing for the transmit signal and the receive signal,
wherein the bidirectional antenna polarizer is configured for half-duplex communications with the radiating element.
2. The bidirectional antenna polarizer of claim 1, wherein each of the at least two vector generators processes an independent feed of the transmit signal and the receive signal.
3. The bidirectional antenna polarizer of claim 1, wherein each of the at least two vector generators are individually in communication with two feed ports of the radiating element.
4. The bidirectional antenna polarizer of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the bidirectional antenna polarizer is manufactured on silicon germanium.
5. A bidirectional antenna polarizer comprising:
at least one transmit-receive switch in communication with a radiating element, wherein the at least one transmit-receive switch is configured to control signal routing based on a transmit mode or a receive mode of the bidirectional antenna polarizer; and
a plurality of vector generators in communication with the at least one transmit-receive switch, wherein the plurality of vector generators is configured to adjust at least one of the phase and amplitude of a transmit signal and receive signal.
6. The bidirectional antenna polarizer of claim 5, further comprising:
an active power splitter configured to divide a transmit input signal into a first transmit signal and a second transmit signal, wherein the first transmit signal is provided to a first vector generator of the plurality of vector generators and wherein the second transmit signal is provided to a second vector generator of the plurality of vector generators.
7. The bidirectional antenna polarizer of claim 5, further comprising:
an active power combiner configured to receive a first receive signal from a third vector generator of the plurality of vector generators and receive a second receive signal from a fourth vector generator of the plurality of vector generators, wherein the active power combiner combines the first receive signal and the second receive signal to form a receive output signal.
8. The bidirectional antenna polarizer of claim 5, wherein the bidirectional antenna polarizer operates in a transmit mode and a receive mode.
9. The bidirectional antenna polarizer of claim 5, wherein the bidirectional antenna polarizer operates in a transmit mode or a receive mode.
10. The bidirectional antenna polarizer of claim 5, wherein the bidirectional antenna polarizer communicates the transmit signal and the receive signal using at least one of linear polarization, circular polarization, or elliptical polarization.
11. The bidirectional antenna polarizer of claim 5, wherein the plurality of vector generators are configured to provide desired beam steering, polarization and amplitude taper.
12. A bidirectional antenna polarizer in communication with a radiating element comprising a first feed port and a second feed port, the bidirectional antenna polarizer comprising:
a first vector generator, wherein the first vector generator is in communication with the first feed port, wherein the first vector generator is connected with the first feed port via switches such that the first vector generator can be used for both transmit and receive in response to a change of state of the switches; and
a second vector generator, wherein the second vector generator is in communication with the second feed port, wherein the second vector generator is connected with the second feed port via the switches such that the second vector generator can be used for both transmit and receive in response to a change of state of the switches;
wherein the bidirectional antenna polarizer is configured for half-duplex communications.
13. A single aperture antenna configured to timeshare between receiving and transmitting data, wherein synchronization words are injected into the received data at a regular interval to allow for periodic system synchronization.
14. The single aperture antenna of claim 13, wherein the timeshare between receiving and transmitting data is a half-duplex communication.
15. The single aperture antenna of claim 13, wherein the regular interval is in the range of 1 millisecond to 20 milliseconds.
16. The single aperture antenna of claim 13, wherein the data comprises a plurality of frames that is variable in duration.
17. The single aperture antenna of claim 16, wherein the synchronization words are injected into the data at the regular interval regardless of position within the plurality of frames.
18. The single aperture of claim 13, wherein a first satellite receives the synchronization words from a ground station, and wherein the ground station injects the synchronization words in to a satellite transmission at regular intervals regardless of position within a frame.
19. The single aperture of claim 18, wherein a transceiver determines the synchronization with the first satellite and a second satellite in response to receiving the synchronization words in the satellite transmission for facilitating a hand-off from the first satellite to the second satellite.
20. The single aperture of claim 18, wherein a transceiver determines the synchronization with the first satellite in response to receiving the synchronization words in the satellite transmission for facilitating a hand-off from beam-to-beam within the first satellite.
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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CORMAN, DAVID W.;RUNYON, DAVID LAWSON;HANCHARIK, DAVID;REEL/FRAME:024230/0879