Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2004008775A1/en
Timestamp: 2019-02-21 21:17:19
Document Index: 207766550

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 10', 'art 10', 'art 10', 'art 10', 'art 10', 'art 10', 'art 3001']

WO2004008775A1 - Moving picture encoding method and decoding method - Google Patents
WO2004008775A1
WO2004008775A1 PCT/JP2003/008843 JP0308843W WO2004008775A1 WO 2004008775 A1 WO2004008775 A1 WO 2004008775A1 JP 0308843 W JP0308843 W JP 0308843W WO 2004008775 A1 WO2004008775 A1 WO 2004008775A1
PCT/JP2003/008843
2003-07-11 Application filed by Hitachi, Ltd. filed Critical Hitachi, Ltd.
2004-01-22 Publication of WO2004008775A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004008775A1/en
Conventionally, there has been a case that the direct mode cannot be applied effectively depending on a block. To solve this problem, information indicating whether a backward reference frame set by the default can be utilized in the direct mode is provided a decoder. Moreover, a switching procedure to a compensation method applicable when a collocated block has no forward motion vector which can be effectively used and the compensation method are provided to the decoder. Thus, it is possible to clearly judge whether the reference frame can be used in the direct mode. Furthermore, when the frame number has no time information, it is possible to effectively send the information indicating the relationship between the reference frame and the current frame. Moreover, by the substitution mode of the present invention and its switching procedure, it is possible to improve the prediction performance when the direct mode cannot be applied.
Bright fine form. Moving picture coding method and decoding method art
The present invention - relates to a code I arsenide and decoding techniques of the compressed moving picture data, and more particularly to the coding and decoding in Proc units of technology. BACKGROUND
Coding of the video performs encoding and decoding in block units. For an overview of the decoding method will be described. 1 frame of a moving image, as shown in FIG. 3, one of the luminance signal (Y signal: 61) and two color difference signals (Cr signal: 62, Cb signal: 63) Made up by, image size of the color difference signal is 1/2 of the luminance signal with horizontal and vertical. In general video standard, it divides each frame of the moving image into small blocks as shown in FIG. 3, performing the S production process in Proc units called macroblock lock. It shows the structure of the macro block in Fig. Macroblock is consists in one Y signal block 30, the same air during to the matching 8x8 pixel Cr signal block 31 and Cb signal block 31 of 16x16 pixels.
Video marks 夸化 is processed in units of macroblocks shown above. The Fugoi匕 method, there are two main types of, respectively, the intra coded (intra mode), is called a prediction code I spoon (inter mode). Intra coding, the error macroblock diffed between on the input macro proc picture to be encoded, or generated by performing a spatial prediction on the input macro proc image and the prediction macro Proc image and the input macro proc image the DCT performed on the image, a spatial direction of the data compression method for quantizing and coding the respective transform coefficients. The intra coding is disposed in front no similar part in the frame Mak Proc (first encoded frame also including) and, partially like to eliminate the accumulated calculation errors caused by DCT or the like. Algorithm of predictive coding, MC- DCT - are called (motion compensation discrete cosine transform). Motion compensation, retrieved from the reference frame content and Nidori one portion of the target macroblock, which is the movement amount time direction compression technology for encoding (motion base vector). Typically, further divided into small blocks macroblock, calculates the A vector motion for each small block. For example, the MPEG- 4 Part 10 (Advanced Video Coding), considered macroblock division type for motion compensation (luminance component) as shown in Figure 7. Basic is four kinds of type 51 to type 54. In the case of type 54, for four 8 X 8 block 54-0-54 3 each has a structure of selecting further type 54a, 54b, 54c, from five 54d and intra-coding I spoon. Methods for detecting definitive motion base vector to each small block, the absolute value sum or the square error sum of the prediction error signal in the block is small les, to select the part. Absolute value sum in the case of the operation speed is important, to use the square error sum when pursuing coding efficiency. Furthermore, when pursuing coding efficiency in terms of the evaluation value of the squared error sum code amount, a method of calculating the optimal coding mode and the motion amount using both misprediction differences and code amount applied sometimes it is. Figure 4 shows the processing structure of motion compensation in one block. Figure 4 is a luminance signal block 72 of the current frame 71 enclosed by a thick frame is a diagram showing a prediction block 75 and the motion base-vector 76 on the previous frame 73 (a reference frame). The dynamic xylem Kutonore 76, a movement amount from the block 74 on the previous frame corresponding to the spatially same position with respect to the thick frame block of the current frame (broken line), to the prediction block 75 area on the previous frame shows (motion base-vector length for color difference signals, to minutes half of the luminance signal, reference numeral I spoon are not). After this motion compensation, a plurality of the DCT subjected to differential against ToTsuta error macro Proc image between the predicted macroblock images composed of the prediction block and the input macroblock image, quantizing the transform coefficients' code the reduction. Further base motion detected macro block vector is also encoded I spoon. Because having a motion vector is close values ​​between adjacent blocks, usually encodes a difference value between the motion base-vector of the neighboring block.
The movement Ne t 償方 method of predictive coding, in addition to the forward predictive coding that performs MC as a reference frame temporally past frame, perform the MC as a reference frame temporally past and future of the frame there is a bi-directional predictive coding I fire. The motion compensation forward predictive coding shown above, but intends pole only forward prediction, the motion compensation of the bidirectional coding, in addition to forward prediction (Forward Prediction), backward prediction (Backward Prediction), forward prediction bidirectional prediction to generate the interpolation predictive block by performing interpolation processing on each pixel of proc and backward prediction in proc the (bi-directional prediction), and base motion from temporally future frame to the previous frame vector dealing with the direct prediction to perform a bi-directional prediction (direct) to use. Forward prediction, the backward prediction and bidirectional prediction mode, the forward motion base vector corresponding to the motion base vector, base motion corresponding backward motion base transfected Le vector, forward movement base vector and rear direction a motion vector corresponding to the motion base vector, respectively encoded, but not necessarily encoded motion vector in this Direct mode. Figure 9 shows the predicted concept of Direct mode. As shown, first, the prediction target block 121 spatially proc on backward reference frame 130 corresponding to the same position on the 120 current frame (131, collocated- block) time forward motion base-vector 132 proportions of frame position in the forward motion base transfected Le 122 in the backward motion vector 123 - converted. Then, using these terms motion base Tato Le: applying the same interpolation processing as C bidirectional prediction.
The frame according to the Intora coding for all macroblocks I - picture, a frame constituted by forward predictive coding I spoon or intra I inhibit P- picture, bidirectional coding or intra-coding It referred to as the frame composed of B- and picture in.
So far, a general encoding and decoding method have been described, recent coding, decoding method, function to increase the degree of freedom of the selection is applied. The following describes some of the new features. These functions are discussed also MPEG-4 Part 10 (Advanced Video Coding).
In the above, one of the number of reference frames used for motion compensation in P-picture, has been B- picture in the past frame 1 to beam (forward reference picture) and two future frames (backward reference picture). However, as a reference frame in the past direction and the future direction, respectively were prepared a plurality, a method for selecting a different reference frame in each small block obtained by dividing a macroblock unit and macro port block there Ru. Further, conventionally, the reference frame, I- picture or P- picture a which was, but is capable also choose B- picture as reference picture.
2.2 direction reference frame prediction
Candidates for backward reference picture in a plurality reference frame, to allow the inclusion of temporally past direction of the frame. backward reference picture can be allowed Ru is the frame for all the temporally past direction in this way. Therefore, instead of Bi-directional generically, Bi- predictive and Re, cormorants words leaves are used. If the two reference frames 140, 150 are both temporally past frame or both of the future frame, encoding method of motion base vector 127 with respect to the far reference frame 150 from the current frame is changed. Figure 1 As shown in 0, the difference base transfected le 126 of the reference frame motion base vector 125 obtained by converting the motion base vector 124 at a rate of temporal frame over beam position relative to 140 and the motion base vector 127 close to the current frame 121 There is encoded for each horizontal and vertical components.
3. coding / Change decryption order.
Conventionally, the processing order of each frame is I-picture and P- picture display order, B_picture to 違続 temporally located between two I / P- picture is the latter I / P- picture straight later was in accordance with the format of FIG. 1 1 that followed. However, the new feature, if the range of the display delay allowed, not limited to this processing order. Also, when using the concept of Bi- predictive, the B- picture may occur even if no reference frame for backward prediction. The display order of the above, either encoded as data header information bi Dodeta or Upon preamble of video data, synchronization processing of video data and Odo and audio data, Ya communication layer which governs the division distribution data because the file format is being managed, the display displacement due to a change of the code I arsenide and decoding processing order problem does not occur.
Conventionally, 'for each frame, information indicating the display position has been code it arsenide. While only, the display position information may not match the time information included in the communication packet Ya off aisle format applied when actually displayed. To avoid this problem, the video data, a method of managing only processing number each frame has also been studied.
And then forces the new features were introduced video encoding I arsenide and decoding method, and when the direction of the reference frame is not present after use in direct mode, set by default from a plurality of after direction of the reference frame If the rear direction of the reference frame is not the future of the frame is considered. In such a frame, direct mode is not able to adapt. Also, when the management of each frame is managed by the decoding order of the numbers backward reference frame can not determined whether available. Further, when such B- picture as the direction of the reference frame after use in the direct mode is selected, it is conceivable if the collocated block has no forward motion vector. In such a block, direct mode is not able to adapt.
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a mark Goka-decryption methods applicable to direct mode efficiently. Disclosure of the Invention
Direction of the reference frame after being set by default to provide information indicating whether it is available for direct mode to the decoder. collocated block provides the switching procedure and cost method to cost method applicable when les, such no forward motion base vector before available.
Further, it receives information about the motion vector, coding the video synthesizing the prediction image by performing motion compensation by using the information about the reference image and animal wood vector to be recorded and decoding method for. Has a plurality of blocks modes including a mode motion compensation is not accompanied by decoding the A vector motion, select the prediction mode representing the prediction direction, a plurality of reference frames to frames referenced by each prediction direction of prediction in the prediction mode how to select from candidates, selects the information of the motion base vector used in the prediction mode. In particular, the prediction mode, blocks adjacent to the current block be made based on whether a kinematic xylem vector. The frame of reference is a well of a select one of the reference frame from a plurality of reference frames identified by index number, if multiple said adjacent proc is applying a prediction of the prediction direction selects a reference frame to be used in any of the adjacent proc to, index of said one neighbor proc applies if only one of the upper Symbol adjacent proc is applying a prediction of the prediction direction select the number of reference frames, the neighboring blocks discloses that index number to select a number 0 reference frame when not employing the prediction mode the selected. Further, in the header to be added to a plurality of said blocks, a method to include information for determining the prediction procedure when the mode without the decoding of the motion base vector as a block mode is selected disclosed.
Furthermore, also disclosed device or the like according to the above method.
With the above structure of the present application, that Do clarified whether the judgment can be applied direct mode. Further, it is possible to effectively utilize the direct mode and the alternative mode, it is also possible to reduce the amount of data to improve the prediction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a diagram, Figure 2 shows an example of the picture header data Thin only scan in the present invention, diagram shows the second example of the header data syntax to pictures of the present invention,
Figure 3 is a diagram for explaining a macro block division,
Figure 4 is a diagram for explaining the principle of motion compensation,
Figure 5 is a diagram showing the proc structure utilizing the presence or absence of significant DCT coefficients included in the macro proc when encoding,
Figure 6 is a diagram showing a macro block structure showing a block unit for performing DCT processing and encoding processing,
Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a luminance proc showing a block unit for motion compensation, 8 is a diagram for explaining the generation means of the prediction motion vector,
Figure 9 is a diagram showing the motion base vector generation method for bi-directional prediction in Direct mode,
Figure 1 0 is a view showing the motion base vector calculation method using two forward reference frame,
Figure 1 1 is a diagram showing a comparative example of display order and decoding order,
1 2 is a diagram showing an example of a switching procedure of the prediction method of the present invention, FIG. 1 3 is a diagram showing the second example of the switching procedure of the prediction method of the present invention, FIGS. 1-4, the present diagram showing the overall configuration of the alternative mode of the invention,
Figure 1 5 is a diagram showing a prediction mode selection process of the alternative mode of the present invention, FIG. 1-6, shows the reference frame selecting process of the alternative mode of the present invention, FIG. 1 7, alternative mode of the present invention illustrates the selection process of the motion base vector of Figure 1 8, an example of a data syntax prediction frame diagram,
Figure 1 9 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a universal coding table,
2 0 is a diagram showing an example of a code table of the code table and 8 X 8 block division Tipu macroblock types in P- picture,
Figure 2 1 is a diagram showing an example of a code table of macroblock type code table and 8 X 8 block division type in B- picture,
2 2 is a diagram showing an example of a block diagram of a code I spoon treatment in the present invention, FIG 2 3 is a diagram showing an example of a block diagram of a decoding process in the present invention, FIG. 2 4, the present invention shows a third example of the picture header data syntax in,
2 5 showing a third example of the switching procedure of the prediction method of the present invention FIG, 2. 6, an example of the prediction parameters one data calculator in the encoding apparatus for implementing the encoding method of the present invention the indicated figure,
2 7 is a diagram showing an example of a prediction parameter calculated out unit in the decoding apparatus for performing the decoding method of the present invention,
2 8 is a diagram showing an example of software code I 匕器 implementing the code I inhibit the method of the present invention,
2 9 is a diagram showing an example of Sofutouwea decoder for implementing the decoding method of the present invention, FIG. 3 0 shows an example of an optical disk which records the generated coded bitstream by the encoding method of the present invention the figure,
3 1 is a diagram showing a figure showing a specific example of encoding 'device using the decoding method of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIG.
Hereinafter, in order to explain the flow of processing leading to the macroblock data from Suremuhedda.
An example of the frame header information in FIG. Also shows a decoding processing example of Ddadeta the picture in C below.
picture one layer ()
picture one structure
frame one numoer
reference- picture one selection- layer ()
if (coding-type () B - picture) {
direct one mv one scale one bwd-dir [index]
if (direct_mv scale- bwd-dir [index]) {II future direction direct one mv one scale one bwd [index]
for (index = 0; index rather number of forward reference; index ++) {
direct- mv on one sea e- fwd- dir [index]
if (direct_mv_scale_f wd_dir [index]) II past direction
direct one mv- scale- fwd [index]
In picture- structure20, each picture scan structure (frame / Finoredo) is shown. The frame- number21, identification number of the frame is shown. There are two broad categories in Tsukekata this frame_number. One is a case that contains the time information. In this case, I, P- frame interval of the immediately preceding E or P- picture in picture, B- frame interval between the picture temporally past just before E or P- picture is Frame- number The (generally the Temporal reference; are referred to as TR). Because two is when indicating the order in which simply decoded.
reference_picture- the selection one layer (), a current frame motion auxiliary prize. processed for words of the number of nuclei reference frame using frame one number (reference icture set) and its identification number are indicated. For example, when the reference frame is 5 sheets, Frame- number The to index0~index4 as follows for the current picture of the frame number The 10 is assigned.
Inde 1: 8
Index 3 * · 6
In the case of picture type force p_picture the forward reference frame (forward reference picture set), B- when the picture is forward and backward reference frames (forward reference picture The set and backward reference picture The set ) of Frame- number the is decoded. At this time, since the number of previous reference frame direction and the rear direction can be set separately, it may be different. Picture type is I-picture or P - if the picture is a picture Ray catcher at Baitara in information following these reference picture The set information (information for combining the separated data to bytes) is completed. Subsequent picture header data, picture type is generated in the case of B- picture. In this embodiment, considered to those described in the layer that contains Nettowagu-communication-related information of the higher-order. direct- mv- seal e_bwd-dir 28 is information indicating whether the backward reference frame specified for the direct mode are located in the past the forces are located in the non come to the current frame. Backward reference frame specified for the direct mode are backward reference picture which usually assigned to index 0. Data 28 is the backward reference frame (here, backward reference picture assigned to IndexO) can not be used direct mode if indicates that it is located in the past relative to the current frame, the data 28 is rearward If the current frame to the reference frame indicates that it is located in the future direct mode it can be used. Accordingly, in this data 28, the force not force that can be used for backward reference picture force Sdirect mode index 0, can be clearly semi lj cross. Further, when the direct mode can not be performed, it is necessary to apply the alternative mode to be described later, in preparation surfaces memory arrangement or the like for its efficiency of the decoding operation can be accelerated. Further, in the case where frame_number has no time information, it is possible to efficiently transmit the information Saiwaiushitora showing a relationship between reference picture t current picture. The picture-position information about the direct mode, and that is also used in addition to direct mode, there is not used. Regarding the latter, it is possible to avoid encoded by direct- mv- seal e_bwd-dir.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, direct- mv-scale_bwd-dir force direct mode can use, that is, when indicating that located in the future direction with respect to the current frame, the data 26, 27, 29 code Although the reduction, sometimes these data indicate that a direct mode disabled is not encoded. direct- mv-scale_bwd29 is information indicating the frame interval between backward reference picture of the current picture and index 0 (see FIG. 9). Direct_mv- scale one fwd- dir 26 is information indicating whether the forward reference frame is located in the past or are located in the future relative to the current frame, direct one mv- scale- fwd27 includes a current picture is information indicating the picture interval between forward reference picture (see FIG. 9). direct- mv- scale- for fwd needs to be only the sign I inhibit the number of forward reference picture designated by reierence_picture- selection- layer (22). And 伹, to use the direct mode, since the forward reference frame that must be located in the past relative to the current frame, Direct-mv one scale_fwd-dir 26 is Indej (for indicating the future direction , direct-mv one scale- fwd 27. direct one Mv- scale one divider is to be omitted is information indicating the inter Pikuteya between index 0 C oackward reierence picture iorward reference picture (see FIG. 9). Therefore, this information also:. Although the number of forward reference picture needs to be encoded, it is possible to calculate from the direct- mv- scale- fwd and Direct_reference- bwd, it is also possible to omit this information is also direct- mv_scale- fwd one dir 26 force s future indicates the direction index Nitsure, Te is, direct_mv_scale_fwd 27 is omitted.
B - In the case of picture also Pikuchareiya is terminated at byte § line information (information for combining the separated data to the byte unit).
direct-mv-scale-iwd or direct- mv- scale one bwd or, | | 1 0 because it can be used as shown by Picture-distance, the data was also extended to 1 0 motion base vector coding Figure 1 the syntax shown in FIG.
picture- structure
frame numoer ref erence_picture_selection_layer ()
if (coding-type () == B- picture) {
direct one mv one scale one f wd- dir [index]
for (index = 0; index rather number of backward reference; index ++) {
direct one mv one scale one bwd- dir [index]
direct one mv one scale- bwd [index]
B - for the case of picture will be described. In this case, for all the reference frames are available in the current frame, the data 26 to 29 are encoded / decoded, the data in the encoding process of the motion base-vector shown in FIG. 1 0 it is also used as information of use to picture- distance. As with Figure 1 In this Figure 2, direct- mv_scale- bwd- dir [0] is the role of indicating the availability of the direct mode, the combination of FIG. 2, further data 26 and 28, FIG. 1 0 processing indicating whether or not it is possible to use. Figure 1 0 motion vector coding, two reference frames corresponding to the two motion vectors are valid if a same direction with respect to the current frame. Therefore, when the value of the data 26 and 28 corresponding to the index numbers of the two reference picture selected at block is a combination of the two reference frames located in different directions with respect to the current frame, as shown in FIG. 1 rather than movement of 0 base vector coding method, individually encoding / decoding in the method of FIG. 8 each motion base vector. Hand, if the value of the data 26 and 28 corresponding to the index numbers of the two reference picture selected at block is a combination of the two reference frames located in the same direction with respect to the current frame for the a vector motion away from the current frame, the method of FIG 1 0 is applied.
Ί or far, the Backward reference picture to be used in direct mode 1 ~ ~ de in theory pointed out as index 0. And force, Sina force al, backward reference picture The set force ¾ et al. 111 (16} (nonzero number is also conceivable to choose as the backward reference picture for direct mode for example, in FIGS. 1 and 2 direct_reference-idx as in -Bwd 24, by showing by index number Hikuchare multichemistry Dackward reference picture for use in direct mode, thereby enabling you to change the backward reference picture on a frame-by-frame basis. Additionally, direct- reference- idx- bwd 24 the index number not itself, by a value obtained by adding 1 to the index number, the backward reference frame that can be used for direct mode to the value "0" is to have a meaning that is not in the backward reference picture the set it becomes possible.
Then the macroblock layer syntax of FIG gamma 8, using a macroblock lock type code table of FIG. 2 0, 2 1, that describes the structure of the macro block data. As a method used for encoding, combining one of the variable-length code table Universal using only VLC (UVLC), fixed length coding and variable length coding (the prepare different sign-tables each code I heat element) coding method as well as arithmetic coding (Witten et al., "arithmetic coding for Data Compression", Comm. of the ACM, 30 (6), 1987, pp. 520-541) but the like are contemplated, the present embodiment the example will be described as an example UVLC and arithmetic coding I spoon. Table 81 of FIG. 1 1 is shows the configuration of UVLC, the value of Xn is 1, and '0' or '. Table 82 shows examples of actual variable length code table. As a specific method for arithmetic coding, we consider how to replace the meaning of each code to several bits of binary data, encodes in accordance with the probability model of each bit showing the 0 and 1 of the probability of occurrence of each . This person fete_, are referred to as CABAC (tooth ontext- based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding). . Figure 1 8, B - are shows the syntax structure of macroblock data in the picture. Using this figure, a description will be given macroblock data structures of B- picture and P- picture. Note that the I- picture, the description thereof is omitted because it is not included in the feature of the present application.
In Mb_skip_runll, SKIP mode number run length encoding the successive (when coding the number of consecutive 0, the previous macro proc type of non SKIP mode, the number of SKIP mode continuous zero) in the data, only occurs when using UVLC as way of Ento port P. coding. The SKIP mode, without coding the prediction error signal, a macro pro Kkutaipu to directly play Proc image predictive Proc image. Predictive block image, the method of issuing disconnect the macro block image corresponding to the forward reference picture force et predicted base-vector position of the P- the picture index 0, it is synthesized by B- picture in direct mode. The SKIP mode is a mode that is selected lot at a low rate coding, in particular B- high picture probability that the Ru is selected. Therefore, the prediction performance of the direct mode, directly affects the coding performance of the low rate. The code I arsenide method using CABAC, mb- ski P _runll is not used, SKIP mode is also handled by mb-type 12 (see the column of code number The 0 in Table 91, 93). In Mb_typel2, Table 91 (P- picture) or Table 93 one mode from macroblocks port Kkumo de shown in (B- picture) for each macro proc is selected and encoded. Table 91, the IntraMXN shown in code number 6, 7 M, N denotes a small block size for performing the spatial prediction, MX N is small block size for motion compensation (in FIG. 7 It shows the modes 1 to 4). However, the mode shown in code number The 5 is not used in the case of CABAC. Table 93, code number 23, the IntraM XN shown in 24 M, N is small proc size when performing spatial prediction, MXN mode 1 mode for small block sizes (Fig. 7 for motion compensation 4 shows the correspondence) to, direct the direct mode (Direct (CBP == 0) indicates the SKIP mode) when CABAC is applied. Block 1 and Block 2 of Table 93 is identified two small blocks in the mode 2 or mode 3 in FIG. 7, the prediction direction of each small block is Forward (forward prediction), Backward (backward prediction), Bi - indicates either der Luke predictive (2 backward reference frame prediction).
Here, adding the described direct mode. mb-SKIP is r pan 11 and selected climate capturing the direct mode mb type 12 is included, in the method of applying the function of the multi-reference frame function and second reference frame, the case where the direct mode is not applicable thinking It is. Therefore, in the present invention as shown in FIG. 1 2, Ru les, use a Ru recombinant Ri switching steps a prediction method in accordance with the conditions. First, direct_mv_scale_bwd_dir in peak Cu Chi catcher f header (| ¾ 1) or direct one mv one scale one bwd- dir [0 "similar (FIG. 2), direct mode current picture is whether it is possible to use to check (301). If it is determined as unavailable at processing 301 (described in detail later) the alternative mode that does not require a forward MV of collocated block to create a prediction macroblock at (304). If it is determined to be used in processing 301 performs selection of the prediction method for each 8x8 Proc. To that herein as 8x8 blocks, in Proc division method of FIG. 7, the minimum unit of the prediction direction selected as the reference frame Ru der because it is a 8x8 block. Specifically, whether the to Ji click prediction mode having a forward MV in collocated block corresponding to the 8x8 block is applied (302). When it is determined to be applied, creates a predicted block in the direct mode (303), if it is determined not to be applied is to create a prediction block in the alternative mode (304). In process 302, the coll.ocated 8x8 block, the prediction mode is intra mode Bok of ¾ case, if the卞測direction force backward prediction, forward reference picture for Meo to direct one mv one scale one fwd-dir of [index] 1 If shows that located backward (future direction) and Na in ί straight current picture, or forward reference picture force, if not included in the forward reference picture the set of current picture, the direct mode unavailable judge. In FIG 1 2 processing 302, although implemented using determination of direct mode in 8x8 block units, it is also possible to implement this in the macro-block basis. However, in this case, all the prediction blocks in Ma Kuropurokku, all four 8x8 blocks in the case of the block dividing method of FIG. 7, only when the state of direct mode available, direct mode using possible to be determined. Figure 1 3 is the case where data 24 is added to the structure of the picture header shows a procedure for switching the prediction method. Figure 1 2 is different from, a point where the process 301 is changed to the process 305, specifically, index number to check direct- mv_scale_bwd_dir is a the value set in the data 24 of FIG. 1 3 and the point has.
Back to the description of FIG. 1 8. There when selected, the four 8 X 8 sub-block 54-0-54 as shown in Mode 4 of Fig. 7 - for 3, respectively, 8x8 Partition 13 is generated. Specifically, 8x8 in Partition 18, Table 92 (P-picture) or Table 94 (B- picture) in one mode with the 8x8 partition mode each 8x8 block shown is selected and encoded. Table 92, Intra being shown in code number The 4 shows the spatial prediction, MXN shows a small plot Kusaizu for motion compensation (8x8 partition l~8x8 partition 4 in FIG. 7). Table 94, Intra shown in code number The 13 application of spatial prediction, MXN is Ri Contact shows a small block size for motion compensation (8x8 partition 1~8χ8 partition 4 in FIG. 7), direct the It shows the direct mode. Prediction of Table 94, the predicted direction of each small block belonging to the mode 4 in Fig. 7 Forward (forward prediction), Backward (backward prediction), Bi - indicates which of predictive (2 reference frame prediction) .
In the case where the direct mode is selected in 8x8 Partition 18 also Fig was 1 2 or FIG. 1 3 the same prediction method switching procedure can be adapted. However, the prediction performance of the direct mode in the 8x8 Partition is not as important as the direct mode MB. Its It is also possible to apply a more simple way in this. For example, if the collocated block in process 302 is determined not to have a Forward MV, the replacement process 304 hanging, a Forward MV 0 solid Tozore, the index of the forward reference picture list (this backward reference picture 0 method of generating a 予根 IJ block at the direct mode after having set is considered. in this case, when backward reference picture does not exist, forward prediction only in easier it. to be generating a prediction block, in the case collocated block in process 302 is determined the Most do not have a Forward MV, selected not methods direct mode at the encoding side is considered Ru gills. Mb_typel2 a method for encoding 8x8 Partition 13 is a UVLC when utilized, when utilizing. CABAC a code corresponding to the code number the table 91 to 94 selected from Table 82 that the code I spoon is shown in the column of Binarization table 91 to table 94 It is to have bit string Yore a probability model of each bit, to the arithmetic coding Te.
ref-index- fwdl4 shows the index number of the forward reference frame used for motion compensation is required For each divided block of the macro block (51-54 in FIG. 7). Index number is selected forward reference picture set force, et al. However, if the reference frame included in the forward reference picture The set is only one, if the block type § Rui macroblock type Skip, blocks of direct or intra, as well as for the case block prediction is backward, this code , the occurrence Shinare. Further, the ¾ if P-picture at mb-type as was code number The 5 forces ¾ Select Table 9 1, because it is automatically selected as a forward reference picture force reference frame index 0, the code generator Shinare,. forward reference picture The set is index 0 to: an example in which having a value of index 4, consider an encoding method. In this example, index 0~index 4 are each assigned to code number0~4. When using the UVLC is a code corresponding to the code numberO- 4 is encoded / decoded by selecting from the table 82. When using the CABAC, to the code numberO- 4, Γ respectively, 01 ', 001', 0001 ', 00001' assigned the binary data of arithmetic coding by using the bit stream and the probability model of each bit to. ref- index- bwdl5 shows the index number of the backward reference frame used for motion compensation is required to have (51-54 in FIG. 7) Nitsu each divided Proc of the macro block. Index number is Ru is selected from the backward reference picture set. However, Tanekai force Pikuteya - For picture, if the reference frame included in backward reference picture The set is only one, if Burodzukutaipu or macro port 'Bed port Kkutaipu is skip, block the direct or intra, as well as block prediction for the case of a power forward, this code does not occur. For coding method are the same as ref index fwd, description thereof is omitted. mvd- fwdl6 is, mb one type 12 and 8x8 Partition 13 force Sfonard (bi-: redictive also including) occurs to indicate that a macro-block with the motion base-vector associated with, the macroblock of: Orwar It is repeated as many times as the number of d MV. Also, therefore, mb-Typel2 is: [ntraMXN, SKIP (P - picture) or direct For and (B- picture), this data when 8x8 Partition 13 is intra or direct (B- picture) is occurs Sina Rere. Also, if the block prediction is split block of backward (B - picture) to be the data it does not occur. Similarly mvd- bwdl7 is generated to indicate that an mb-type 12 with 8x8 Partition 13 force ^ backward cormorants motion base click Bok Honoré accompanying (bi- predictive including) accompanied macroblock, the macroblock It is repeated by the number of the backward MV. Further, thus, when the picture type is P- picture, mb- typel2 is IntraMXN, or the case of direct, this data does not occur in the case of 8x8 Partition 13 force S intra or direct. Further, the data even when block prediction is divided block of forward does not occur. CBP18, for 24 DCT blocks shown in FIG. 6, '0' other than quantized DCT coefficient (significant coefficient) is coded data showing whether or not included in the 16 coefficients. Residual () 19 shows the coded data of the significant quantized DCT coefficients. For proc to significance coefficient at CBP that is not shown, the sign I spoon processing Ru is omitted. Therefore, when the CBP is 0, Residual () does not occur. Furthermore, CBP18 and Residual O 19 is, mb-type 12 does not occur when the direct (CBP = 0). Here, as an example division type of FIG. 7 will be described in FIG. 8 a method of generating a prediction motion vector mvd- fwdl6 and mvd- bwdl7 indicated above. Mode 1 block 51-0 (51) in FIG. 7, the small blocks 54a- 0, 54b of the mode 4 (54) - 0, 54b - 1, 54c_0, 54c- 1 and 54d-0~54d - for 3, using the same prediction method. Assume 50 small block for which the motion base vector codes I arsenide. In these small blocks, motion for wood vector respectively horizontal and vertical components of the adjacent positions A, B, the intermediate value is calculated, base motion of the intermediate value click the 3 blocks of the motion base vector is located in C as a candidate a torque to the predicted motion vector. However, Proc position C in relation coding sequence or macroblock position it is thought may be located outside of the case and images before encoding. In this case, using motion vector of a block located at a position D in place of the position C as one of candidate motion vectors. In the case where the block position A and D are located outside of the image, the motion base vector '0' have rows prediction processing as solid Torr, position, D and B and C are located outside of the image case, the prediction process is performed as Tuttle base motion block position a. At this time, two of the three candidate blocks in the case where no A vector motion, the remaining one candidate motion base vector and predicted motion base-vector. Mode 2 two small blocks (52) (52- 0, 52-1), the two-mode 3 (53) For the small block (53-0, 53-1), the arrows shown in FIG. 8 the motion vector of the block located at the base as the predicted value. In the motion base transfected Le encoding in this way, only the motion vectors of the same reference frame is used for prediction. Therefore, when the movement of the adjacent block base vector is different from the reference frame selected in the coded blocks are treated as being located outside of the image. Without encoding the motion base-vector for the chrominance components, used by dividing the motion base-vector of the luminance component in two.
1 4-1 7 does not require a Forward MV of collocated block using surrogate model once (4x4 bi - predictive) will be described. Direct mode and use the Direct mode B- Skip mode in picture is an important prediction scheme in order to increase its high encoding performance selectivity. However, MPEG - 4 as shown in Part 10, in the manner which gave freedom to the coding procedure of the selection and the frames of references frame, FIG. 1, 2 and as shown in the description of FIG. 1 2, 1 3 , conventional Direct mode does not function enabled frame or the blocks may occur. This alternative mode, by conventional Direct mode is used to switch if not effectively function, or suppress a decrease in prediction performance, an effect of increasing the prediction efficiency. Further, while the conventional Direct mode uses motion vector of the reference frame, the motion for encoding / decoding processing of this for the alternative mode is to use the A vector motion of the current frame, and subsequent frames process of accumulating base vector in the memory becomes unnecessary, the effect of reducing the memory size. Further, in the alternative mode, because there is no need for the scaling process of the motion vector shown in FIG. 9, the decoding process is simplified. Procedure for predicting the alternative mode consists of four parts as shown in FIG 4. First selects the prediction direction in 8x8 block units bi- predictive, forward, from backward (610). The selection is carried out using just above proc B 83 straight left proc A 82 eligible 8x8 Proc C 81. Then carrying out the selection of the reference frame required for the implementation of the prediction mode selected in process 610 (620). The selection is carried out using directly above block B 83 and the straight left block A 82 of the target 8x8 block C 81. Next, in 4x4 block units, performing the calculation process of the motion base vector corresponding to the reference frame as the prediction mode selected (630). The 4x4 prediction blocks synthesized at last the dynamic calculated at processing 610 and 620 the prediction mode and the reference frame and the processing 630 selected in xylem vector. And calculated a motion base vector to store the index of the referenced frame for the prediction motion base-vector prediction (640). Thus, by predicting each element data to be the information of the surrounding blocks in the same frame as the required prediction processing enables motion prediction in accordance with local characteristics, thereby improving the prediction efficiency. Moreover, since using only data of the adjacent blocks in a frame, the amount of data stored for this alternative mode implementation is reduced. And later to show the details of the process.
Figure 1 5 shows a prediction direction selection processing procedure of the process 610. First, either directly above and directly on the left 8x8 block of the target 8x8 block is checked whether it has a Forward MV (611). Then Similarly, any of the 8x8 blocks of Chokuhidari to Rapi a right above the target 8x8 block is checked whether it has a Backward MV (612). Their to, if either directly above or directly on the left of the 8x8 block forward MV and the case are two lifting the backward MV, both directly above and directly on the left 8x8 block forward MV also do not have the backward MV is to select a bi- predictive (615). Directly above and directly on the left 8x8 block forward MV is if you have only forward MV (616), if you have only backward MV selecting backward MV (617). According to this procedure, most bi prediction efficiency - predictive prediction is preferentially selected. Further, bi - when the information needed to efficiently implemented not derived et al is from ambient proc is a predictive, optimal prediction direction is estimated can be selected on the basis of the information obtained from the surrounding. Furthermore, if information from the surrounding is not obtained enough, by controlling so as effectively to select the Direct mode for the other prediction mode is high, contributing to the improvement of prediction efficiency. Specifically, by combining the processing of FIG. 6 and FIG. 1 7 to be described later, IndexO (Cerro dynamic wood vector which was forward reference, reference frame backward reference of the most similar touched one Takeno to the current frame and it has a procedure to select the Roh bi- predictive prediction.
1 6 shows the reference frame selecting process procedure of the process 620. This process is a real ¾ for forward and Dackward the number 另 I. Figure 1 6 shows the case of a forward reference picture selection, the procedure is the same also backward reference picture. First, both 8x8 blocks Chokuhidari to Rapi a right above the target 8x8 block with a禾ll the forward reference picture for Teekku the Rereru force ¾ force (621). The the determined if that utilizes forward reference picture with any 8x8 block, it selects the smaller index number of the forward reference picture used in two 8x8 blocks (623). When at least one of 8x8 block in process 621 is determined to not using forward reference picture is then either directly above or directly on the left 8x8 block of the target 8x8 block is a forward reference picture to check whether or not the use of (622). In the processing 622, I-friendly Re of 8x8 proc is when it is determined that the use of the forward reference picture selects the forward reference picture using (625). In process 622, any of the 8x8 blocks: when not using orward reference picture selects the index O (624). Thus, among which is applied to the coding of the neighboring blocks Index number, and controls so as to select a smaller value. This, in the setting of the reference frame over beam candidates, because given the small les, index number in the frame are highly correlated with the current frame. The method of setting Index number, the method is automatically set, the n former there is a method of setting the time of coding, smaller index numbers in order from the frame closest to the current frame is given. The latter, for example, is applied, such as during a scene change, and assign a previously encoded past record small in frames of the same camera andalusite, the index number. Thus, by selecting the smaller index number, the possibility of selecting the image close to the frame to be processed is increased.
The motion vector calculation processing procedure of the process 630 is described in FIG 7. This process is a 4x4 block, forward, carried separately for backward. First, just above or that checks whether any of the 4x4 blocks of straight left is located outside the image (631). In the processing 631, if any of the 4x4 block is determined to be located outside of the image, the zero vector the motion vector of 4x4 blocks (625). If none of the 4x4 blocks in processing 631 is determined to be located within the image, then, directly or either directly on the left 4x4 block to a reference-frame data selected in process 620 whether or not to check the have available motion base vector of (632). If it is determined not to have the available motion base-vector to any 4x4 reference frame block is also selected in processing 632 zero Betatoru a 4x4 block of motion base-vector (625) . If it is determined that any of the 4x4 blocks in the processing 632 has available motion base vector to a reference frame selected it is immediately above or any of the movement with the 4x4 block of straight left -vector is, checks whether or not Zerobe vector to a reference frame selected in process 620 (633). If any of the 4x4 blocks of motion base-vector Te processing 633 is Zerobe-vector and determine the constant to the reference frame, and zero vector the motion vector of 4x4 blocks (625). If it is determined that Rere such a Zerobe click preparative Le to any 4x4 block motion base-vector also reference frames in the processing 633 calculates the motion vector by the intermediate value prediction for the 4x4 block. Thus, to select the Zerobeku torr preferentially is for Direct mode corresponds to the high particularly effective in the background section.
The present invention also includes the following modifications.
(1) In this embodiment, although determined by status of collocated block as shown in FIG. 1 2 using the alternative mode, also considered this to switch the complete direct mode to the alternative mode. In this way, each frame or slice Unit in the processing 301 (details described in Modification (4)) that controls the switching of the direct mode substitute mode. This increases the selected candidates, for improving the applicability of the subjected to the special effect scene is also improved prediction efficiency. However, the calculation of the motion vector of the reference frame and the current frame 9 for possibility of performing at an external 揷 process occurs, under the condition that about a strong system to the arithmetic processing amount as shown in FIG. 1 2, 1 3 2 how to implement the switching control of the method is effective.
(2) 1 4-1 7, prediction direction, reference frame, the whole process of generating motion base vector from ambient blocks match les, which if fine force ^ is not limited the conditions. For example, a method of changing the description "one force directly above or directly on the left 4x4 block" to "both the 4x4 block of Chokuhidari directly above a Rapi is" in process 631 is also included in the present application. Further, a method of changing the proc utilized during mode selection from two to three (used to create the predicted vector) are also included in the present application. How to change the block to be used for this mode selection 択時 from two to three may be consistent with the motion base vector estimation, because it leads to improvement of prediction efficiency, enabled by a strong constraint is not conditions for arithmetic processing amount it is.
(3) In FIG. 1, 2 and 1 2, 1 3, collocated block is long with a direction of the forward MV previous to the current frame, the direct mode without regard to the index number of the forward reference picture for the forward MV How to apply to Nirre, it has shown Te. However, direct mode, effects the forward reference picture is away from the current frame with respect to forward MV tends to be low. Wherein, index number of forward reference picture for forward MV; how to adapt the direct mode only when a ^ 0 may be effective. In Figure 2 4 and 2 5 illustrating the way. It shows the data syntax of the picture layer in FIG 4.
picture-layer ()
picture structure, frarae_number
reference_picture_selection_layer ()
if (coding- type () == B- picture) {
direct- reference- usable
if (direct- reference-usable) {
direc t_mv_s cal e one b wd
direct one mv_scale-fwd
for (index = 0; index <number of forward reference; index ++) {
picture- distance_fwd-dir [index]
picture distance fwd [index] for (index = 0; index rather number of backward reference; index ++) {
picture one distance one bwd-dir [index]
picture- distance one bwd [index]
Rain Cu Chi turbocharger Thailand-flops. Is you Akira theory to have One in case of B- picture. direct- reference- usable 23 is backward reference frame specified for the direct mode are located in the future than the current frame, and in the past than the forward reference frame is the current frame specified for the direct mode is information indicating whether the located. Backward reference frame specified for the direct mode, usually, the force is allocation et al was backward reference picture in the index 0 S, this Ju肯 3 | at ¾, backward reference picture of the index 0 can be used to direct mode whether or not it can be clearly determined. Further, the forward reference frame specified for the direct mode is generally a forward reference picture that is assigned to index 0, with this information, monkey with index 0 CD forward reference picture force Sdirect mode (this use Chikaraina It can force ¾ mosquito clear (this half ij cross. forward reference 1 of the data 23 is 0, i.e., whether located in front direction (past direction) relative to the backward reference picture power ^ current picture of index 0, or index 0 ) 1.1: 10 "six ¾ for picture which is located (: 11: 1:: 6111 picture rice, backward (future direction with Na), the direct mode can not be performed, the direct mode picture interval information required for the application need not be encoded / decoded. Thus, in this case, current picture and index 0 for forward reference picture time between pra non to Direct-mv one scale - fwd 2427 and the current picture Indicates the time interval of backward reference picture of the index 0 directjnv- scale- bwd 2429 encoding / decryption is omitted data 26-29 bi 1 0 -. Used in base motion predictive vector encoding the data. for usage, since described with respect to FIG 2, where omitted in. Incidentally, direct- reference_usable 23 is backward reference frame specified for the direct mode are located in the future than the current frame and dolphin whether only show information, direct- mv- scale one: wd of I not to information Saiwaiushitora the (direct one mv one scale- fwd-dir) considered a method of encoding / decoding prior to stator 2427 is. forward reference picture in FIG. 9, in a state than current picture at the back, the two motion base-vector 122 and 121 is calculated from at extrapolation calculations.
For the case of FIG. 2 5, illustrating the handling of the direct mode. 1 2, 1 as shown in the third described, even when the direct mode is selected as the selection candidates of the mb-SKIP the run 11 and mb-type 12 in FIG. 1 8, more reference frame function and second reference frame in the method of applying the functions, considered it is a case where direct mode can not be applied. Therefore, using the procedure of switching the prediction method according to the conditions in the present invention. The procedure shown in FIG 5. First, in Direct-reference one usable 23 in the picture header, direct mode is checked whether the available current picture (306). If it is determined to be located in time past to the time-of or index 0 is located in the future backward reference force ^ current picture for the, it requires a forward MV of the collocated block to create a prediction macro block by substitute mode that does not (304). If it is determined to be used in the process 306, it is determined prediction method for each 8x8 block. Here was a 8x8 block, the block division method in FIG. 7, the minimum unit of the prediction direction selected as the reference frame is because there is a 8x8 block. Specifically, it is checked whether the prediction mode having the Forward MV to collocated block corresponding to the 8x8 block is applied (307). When it is determined to be applied, creates a predictive block in direct mode (303), if it is determined not to be applied, to create a prediction block in the alternative mode (304). In process 307, for the collocated 8x8 block, if the prediction mode is the intra mode, such predictive case directed force backward prediction, Oh Rere f or forward reference picture current picture <D forward reference picture set is contained in the index O reference picture Rere in the case, it is determined that the direct mode disabled. Similar to the case of FIG. 1 2, it is also possible to carry out the usability determining the direct mode processing 307 in macroblock units. However, if this is all the prediction blocks in a macroblock, all four 8x8 proc in the case of the block dividing method of FIG. 7, only when the state of direct mode available, the direct mode It is determined to be used. Incidentally, the non-tooth 7 Koyotsu in the description of FIG. 2 4, Direct-reference one usable 23 forces index 0 of forward: condition of whether respect reference force s current picture is temporally located in the future only If you are shown are also contemplated. In this case, there is a possibility that the calculation of the motion base vector by external 揷 calculation shown in the description of FIG. 2 4 in direct mode prediction in FIG. 9 is performed. Furthermore, as shown in the above modification (1), direct- reference- at usable 23, contemplated also indicate only the use determination condition for direct mode. Again, and is specified using the direct mode, and whether forward reference is located in the future, in some cases Les, the the backward reference is position in temporally future, FIG base motion used in direct mode prediction of 9 vector is calculated at an external 挿計 calculated.
(4) in FIG. 1, 2 and Figures 2 4, although description is limited to the data structure of a picture header, a group of collecting a plurality of macroblocks slice Ray catcher to the header portion thereof data structure of the present invention is also applicable to the case where information is described is applicable.
In a manner that transmits the compressed data to the data packetized in units of slices determines the procedures of the decoded data the information of the header portion of the slide Sureiya. Therefore, information of the present invention relating to the decoding procedure is necessary to header unit to slice. Information indicating which macro or proc belongs to one slice, and if indicated by the header portion of the communication packet header and file format bract responsible for communications network related information of the upper, to the sequence to determine the overall data structure there is a such as the case shown in the header. How to switch between Direct mode and alternative mode in the slice units, compared to the method of switching on a frame basis, to improve the degree of freedom in selecting, improving prediction efficiency. However, for the prediction efficiency, because the selection control of per slice is necessary, the amount of computation is increased. Accordingly, in applications requiring real-time processing, switching control in units of frames by the frame structure it can be said to valid. 'Method of the present invention described so far may be applied or an image encoding device and the picture decoding apparatus using a dedicated circuit-dedicated chip, in Sofutou A picture coding I spoon device-Sofutouyua picture decoding apparatus using a general-purpose processor.
Examples of embedded software encoder and decoder in FIG. 2. 8 shows an example of a mobile terminal using the application Chillon processor. Host unit 2820 mainly performs wireless communication processing, the camera input processing unit 2830 processes the input signals from the camera, the video coding / implementing application processing such as decoding application-processor unit 2800, the display data processing It is constituted by the output device 2840. During coding, image photographed by the camera is first converted by the camera input unit 2830 into a YUV signal as shown in FIG. 3, is input to the application processor 2800. The application processor unit 2800 encodes the stream data as shown FIG. 1 (or Fig. 2 or FIG. 2 4) in FIG. 1 8 input image. In the case of built-in type, the encoding processing by the processing unit 2811 in the general purpose processor 2810 software (§ Sen bra code) for implementing (1 4 to 1 7 including the operation shown in the flowchart of) the It is previously stored in the internal image 2812 or external RAM2830. Also, FIG. 1 4-1 7 flowchart shown are such predictions treatment utilized by de Ichita of (multiple reference pictures and the reference picture number for each macroblock, a prediction direction, a motion vector) is also stored in advance region is secured within RAM2812 or external MM2830. Storage area allocation of the assembler code and each data is designed processor power, bus speed, the estimated access frequency and balance of their capacity to the assembler code and the data. Normally, the internal RAM is faster access speed than the external RAM, external RAM is often installed capacity than the internal RAM. Thus, placing a high access frequency, capacity less data storage area or assembler code within RAM. At this time, § Sen bra code is sometimes arranged is divided into internal RAM and external RAM. The encoded bit stream data is stored in a memory of the external image 2830 or the host 2820. In any either stored, such as sign I inhibit stream 'of data applications, different by services for mobile devices. During decoding, the encoded bit stream data is supplied from the host unit 2820 or an external RAM2830 to the application processor 2800. The application processor unit 2800 decodes the input encoded bit stream data, and outputs the YUV reproduced image to an output device 2840 then converted into RGB image. In this case, the YUV reproduced image Ru Oh over 且外 unit RAM Rere sometimes stored in the frame memory in the internal AM. As with the encoding process, even in the decoding process, the decoding processing by the processing unit 2811 in the general purpose processor 2810 (FIG. 1 4-1 7 includes the operation shown in the flow chart) Seo for implementing the software (assembler code) is stored in advance in the internal RAM2812 or external RAM2830. Further, FIG. 1 4-1 7 flowchart prediction processing on data to be used as shown in the (plurality of reference pictures and the reference picture number for each macroblock, prediction direction, A vector motion) also has an area for storing in advance It is secured inside MM2812 or external RAM2830.
FIG 2 9 illustrates an example of a software encoder and decoder for use in more general applications. During encoding, the input image stored in the frame memory 2950, ​​the encoding process is performed by reading information generic flop port processor 2900 here. The generic (including the operation shown in Furochiya one bets 1 4-1 7) processes Tsu program for driving the support is stored in the program memory 2920 is read out accumulated Debaisu 2930 mosquitoes et al hard disk Ya floppy disk It is. After encoded information general processor outputs the stored in the output buffer 2940 it is once outputted as an encoded bit stream. The processing memory 2910, the storage of data used for the prediction processing shown in the flow chart of FIG 4 to 7 (more reference pictures and the reference picture number for each macroblock, prediction direction, a motion vector) has been, is loaded into the program of the processing in accordance go-between general-purpose processor. Also, a general purpose processor, stores the data in the processing memory in accordance with the processing program. During decoding, the input coded bit stream is stored on one 且入 output buffer 2940, a general purpose processor 2900 decodes read here. The generic (including the behavior shown in Furochiya one bets 1 4-1 7) processor program for driving the are stored in the program memory 2920 is read from the storage device 2930 by a hard disk or floppy disk It is. After the decoded reproduced image is stored in the frame memory 2950 is once output to the device for implementing the output process. The processing memory 2910, 1 4 to 7 flowcharts data used for prediction processing as shown in the (multiple reference pictures and each macroblock lock reference picture number, the prediction direction, a motion vector) is accumulated It has been, is read by the general-purpose processor in accordance with the processing of the program. Further, a general-purpose process Tsu Sa accumulates data generated according to the processing program in the processing memory. The configuration of an image encoding apparatus using a dedicated circuit-dedicated chip shown in FIG 2. The encoding process for one macroblock processing, the flow of processing. First, the input macroblock image 201 and frame motion compensation process between the decoded image of the code I human pre-frame (reference frame) stored in the memory 210 and all the macro block type (8x8 Partition type) of the candidate reference frame combination for, held at motion-out compensator 211, the optimal macroblock type and 8x8 Partition type is selected. In this case, when performing motion of Direct Mode To償 is, MV predictor 215 forces et prediction direction, reference frame number, it is necessary to obtain the motion vector information. 2 6 showing the internal structure of the MV predictor. Macroblock type indicating the Direct mode (8x8 Part it ion Taib), macroblock position information (block position information) type of direct mode in Rabbi (direct / alternative, control by the motion compensator, alternative prediction Fig 4 the alternative mode shown in-FIG. 1 7) Suitcha 2630 is activated through switch catcher 2620 is input. Suitcha 2630 switches the Suitsuchi according to the type of direct mode. If the type of direct mode is direct prediction, motion base vector calculation unit 2660 is activated. Motion base vector calculation unit 2660 by using the information stored in the internal memory 2610, calculates the prediction parameters shown in FIG. Calculated parameters are notified to both the motion compensator and saved in the internal memory. Type of direct mode in the case of alternative prediction, alternative prediction unit 2640 is started. alternative prediction unit performs the processing shown in FIG 4. Specifically, the prediction mode selector 2641, a reference frame selection selecting section 2642, the motion vector selection unit 2643, using the information stored in the internal memory 2610, Zorezore, 1 5, 1 6, executes processing shown in the flowchart of FIG 7, calculates a reference frame number, and the motion vector. These prediction parameters Ru is notified to the motion compensator while being stored in the internal memory.
Returning to the description of the motion compensator. After optimal macroblock type selected, the detected motion-out base click preparative Honoré was the Macros Bed locked Thailand flop, prediction direction information (forward / backward / bi- predictive), MV predictor with the reference frame number 215 is notified, the contents of the internal memory 2610 is updated (if the direct mode is selected, the macro block type or 8x8 Partition type only). For block 8x8 Partition type is not direct in Makuroburo Tsukutaipu a Rapi, carried prediction processing shown in FIG. 8 by the motion vector prediction unit 2650 (activated in Suitcha 2620), to calculate a difference motion vector. Calculated difference motion vector, macro block type, 8x8 Partition type and when it is output to the multi-duplex device 206 (direct mode is selected with the reference frame number, reference frame differential motion base click preparative Le number is not multiplexed). Here, although it is assumed to carry out with only the optimal macroblock type calculates a difference motion base vector (8x8 Partition type), the optimal macro block type (8x8 values ​​and the code amount of the difference motion base vector Partition type) may be a case to be used as an evaluation value at the time of selection. In this case, the combination of each of the macroblock type (8x8 Partition Type) and the reference frame to calculate a difference motion base Tato Le at MV predictor.
Predicted Makuropuro' click image 213 extracted from the reference frame generated by the motion compensation is input to the Intra / Inter decision process unit 214. The Intra / Inter decision unit, one of the intra mode and inter mode determining a final macroblock type, it notifies the judgment information 218 to the multiplexer 206 as well as MV predictor 215. MV predictor 215, if the determination information 218 of the intra mode, updates the saved data in the internal memory. Multiplexer includes an intra / inter mode determination result, the macro block type of inter modes obtained from W predictor, 8x8 Partition type, if the difference motion in the reference frame number of Rapi vector (direct mode is selected , the reference frame number and the difference motion vector No) from generates shown to code 1 8 multiplexes the encoded bit stream. If Intra / Inter decision hand selected macro block type in part of Inta one mode, prediction macro port block image is subtraction processing by differentiator 202 between the input macroblock picture 201 of the current frame, residual macroblock image is generated. At this time, simultaneously, the prediction macro port Proc image is output to the adder 209. If Intra / macro port proc types that are selected by the Inter determination unit is Intoramodo is predicted macroblock to the adder 209 to the differentiator 202 sequence is not output.
Differential macroblock image or the input macro pro click image output from the differentiator 202 is first DCT transformed. Since DCT is block size 8 X 8 pixels in the conventional coding scheme is general. Recently, DCT transformation has also been studied by 4x4 pixel size, such as MPEG- 4 Part 10 (Advanced Video Coding), here, a description will be given 4 X 4DCT example. Difference macro Proc image, as shown in FIG. 6, is divided into 2 four 4x4 pixel blocks are converted into 16 DCT coefficients respectively in DCT transformer 203. Each DCT coefficient is quantized by the quantizer 204 is the code I arsenide at multiplexer 206. The multiplexer 206, FIG. 1, the macro block data information as shown in FIG. 1 8 with header information as shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 2 4 multiplexes, to generate a code mold Tsu preparative stream. Quantized DCT coefficients by the inverse quantizer 207 and the inverse DCT unit 208 of the local decoder 220, are decrypt the differential macroblock picture or macroblock image. 'Prediction mode of the macroblock in the case of inter mode, after the differencing macroblock image by adding the predictive macroblock picture in an adder 209, are synthesized in the frame memory 201. If the macro proc is an intra mode, the reconstructed macroblock image is synthesized in the frame memory 201. Although the intra mode in FIG 2 is not carried out intra prediction, in the encoding scheme for implementing a measuring intra pre, the invention is applicable. In this case, may be carried out intra prediction with Intra / Inter decision unit, but if no write set to the motion compensation unit also conceivable this process. Especially MPEG- 4 in Part 10 code I 匕方 formula is preparing a plurality of Intora prediction type as (Advanced Video Coding), for obtaining pole intra prediction type in the same column as Inta prediction type, and device configuration simple Become. This is case, always difference predictive macro Proc image 213 or the motion compensation unit 211 is supplied to the differentiator 202 and the adder 209. Further, since the macroblock type information contains the determination information 218, determination information 218 can be deleted, the internal memory updating process in the prediction unit 215 with the input of judgment information 218 is also omitted. Moreover, it is conceivable that in the DCT coefficient level performing Intora prediction. In this case, it may be dealt with by incorporating a prediction processing to the DCT transform unit 203 and IDCT transformer 208.
The configuration of an image decoding apparatus using a dedicated circuit-dedicated chip shown in FIG. 2 3. The decoding of one macro-block processing, the flow of processing. First, in coding decoder 501 analyzes the input coded data, distributes the motion base vector related information and macro block type information MV predictor 508, the quantized DCT coefficient information to the inverse quantizer 502 .
If the prediction mode of the macro block is I centers mode, the MV predictor 508, block position information, macroblock type, 8x8 Partition type, the prediction direction information, the reference frame number, and the difference motion vector is input (Macro If block Kutaipu is the direct mode, only the macro proc type and macroblock position information is input. also, 8x8 Partition when type is direct, the 8x8 block of that is, the reference frame number, and the difference motion base click torque is not input). 2 7 showing the internal structure of the MV predictor. Macroblock type walking when 8x8 Partition type is direct, the type of direct mode macroblock position information or header in the information in the coding decoder 501 to decode the slice with block position information (direct / alternative, motion capturing controlled by 償器) is input. Macroblock position information (block position information) as well as direct mode type Suitcha 2630 through Suitchiya 2620 the (direct / alternative, control by the motion compensator) is input is activated. Suitcha 2630 switches the Suitsuchi according to the type of direct mode. Type of direct mode is in the case of direct prediction, Ugokibeku torque calculation unit 2660 is activated. Ugokibeku torque calculation unit 2660 by using the information stored in the internal memory 2710, calculates the predicted parameters shown in FIG. Calculated parameters are notified to the motion compensator 504 with are stored in the internal memory. Type of direct mode is in the case of alternative predictions, alternative prediction unit 2640 is activated. alternative prediction unit performs the processing shown in FIG 4. Specifically, the prediction mode selector 2641, the reference frame selector 2642, the motion vector selection unit 2643, using the information stored in the internal memory 2710, Zorezore, 1 5, 1 6, real subjected to processing shown in the flowchart of FIG 7, to calculate the motion vector prediction direction, the reference frame number of Rapi. These prediction parameters are output to the motion compensator 504 with are stored in the internal memory 2710. When the macroblock type (8x8 Partition type) is not direct, together with the macroblock type (8x8 Partition Type), macroblock position information (Proc position information), the reference frame number, and the difference motion base vector is inputted, the motion by Suitcha 2620 vector predictor 2750 is activated. The motion base vector prediction unit 2750, conducted a prediction processing shown in FIG. 8 using the input data and the contents of the internal memory 2710, and restores the motion base vector. Reconstructed motion base vector, the prediction direction information, is output to the internal memory 2710 and the motion compensator 504 with the reference frame number. The motion compensator 504 generates a predicted macroblock image using the reference pictures of the input data and the frame memory 507. Next, the sign-data relating to the prediction error signal, the inverse DCT unit 503 and the inverse quantizer 502, for each 4 X 4 pixel block, inverse quantization and inverse DCT process to reproduce the difference macro Proc image. Then, addition processing predictive Ma Kuropurokku image and the difference macro Proc image by the adder 505 to reproduce the macro block image. Reproduced macroblock image is synthesized in the decoded frame image at combiner 506. Further, the decoded frame image is stored in frame memory 507 for predict the next frame.
When the macroblock type was intra mode, the decoded quantized DCT coefficient information, the inverse DCT unit 503 and the inverse quantizer 502, 4 X 4 pixel block basis to the inverse quantization. Inverse DCT processing, to play the macro block image. At this time, the contents of the internal memory 2710 of FIG. 2 7, is updated as intra mode. In this figure, but not implemented intranet prediction, MPEG- 4 Part 10 at reference numeral I 匕方 formula is preparing a plurality of intra prediction typing (Advanced Video Coding), the present invention is cut with application. In this case, the motion compensation unit 504 includes the functions of the intra prediction always predictive macroblock picture is output from the motion compensation unit. 'Software encoder shown in FIG. 2 8 and 2 9 (FIG. 1. 4 to FIG. 1 7) and 2 2 and 2 6 storage medium which records a coded bit stream generated by the encoding apparatus examples of (recording medium) 3 0. The recording disk (magnetic disk Ya optical disc) 3000 capable of recording digital information, digital information is recorded on a concentric circle. When result in loss preparative part 3001 of the digital information recorded on this disc, header Jokoushitora 3010 to Suraisu including direct mode as a substitute mode of selection information (_ 6 1106-1 331316) 3011, 31 (11 3 mode information (mb- skip- run) 3021, 3031 , 3041, 3051, macroblock type information (mb- type, 8x8 partition) 3022 , 3032, 3052, number of the reference frame and motion information vector (ref- index- few, rei one index_bwd, mvd_fwd, mvd- bwd) 3023, 3053, coded proc pattern information if DCT coefficients beauty (CBP, residual 0) 3024, 3054 is that have been recorded. hereinafter, the slice header Te, frame type power ¾ -. picture, the case where the direct mode is a substitute mode, illustrating the configuration of the data 3021 to 3024 if 3051-3054 in beauty, macroblock macroblock type is not the Direct encoded data the shows. Incidentally, it is also a data structure of this case included the direct in 8x8 Partition. However, in this case, since the 8x8 Partition type numbers and information of the motion base data Torr reference frame about 8x8 block to be direct is not encoded, these the information is not included in the 3023 or 3053, at the time of decoding, FIG. 4 to FIG. 1 7 the software decrypt unit, in the processing 2640 in FIG. 2 7 is a dedicated decoding device, a motion in the prediction direction, the reference frame number of Rapi vector is calculated. 3031, 3032, Ito且 seen alignment 3035 shows the encoding data of a macroblock macroblock type is direct. in this case, the reference frame number and the motion vector information is not encoded. during decoding, FIG. 4 to FIG. 1 7 the software decoder, in the processing 2640 in FIG. 2 7 a dedicated decoder, prediction direction, the reference frame number of Rapi . 3041 dynamic Kibeku torr is calculated is an example of a skip macro-block is a macro block type is direct, not DCT coefficient information is present. During decoding, FIG. 4 to FIG. 1 7 In Seo Futouwea decoder, a dedicated decoding device similar process 2640 in FIG. 2 7, the reference frame number, and the motion vector is calculated, which is synthesized by these data predicted macroblock image as a reproduced macroblock image. Thus, by embedding a code indicating a direct mode as a macro block type in the storage medium efficiently, it is possible to synthesize the reproduction macro port block image with less information.
Figure 3 1 shows an embodiment of the encoding method, apparatus for implementing the decoding method of the present invention. A recording medium the light Deikusu 3 1 0 1 (DVD-ROM, DVD-R, BD-ROM: Blu - ray Disc ROM, CD- ROM / CD-R, etc.) reading the stored encoded bit stream, decoding I in the reproducing apparatus 3 1 0 2 to spoon it is possible to implement a decryption process of the present invention. In this case, the reproduced video signals are displayed on the TV monitor 3 1 0 3.
The terrestrial digital broadcasting or satellite digital broadcast received by the antenna 3 1 1 1 encodes, the optical disk 3 1 1 3 (DVD-RAM, DVD - RW, BD- RAM, CD - RW, etc.) to record the encoded bit stream also the recording / reproducing apparatus 3 1 1 2 it is possible to implement the coding method of the present invention. Further, in the recording / reproducing apparatus 3 1 1 2 for decoding marks Goka bit stream recorded on the optical disk 3 1 1 3, the decoding method of the present invention can also be implemented. In this case, the reproduced video signals are displayed on the TV monitor 3 1 1 4.
By incorporating the personal computer 3 1 2 1 software for picture coding method and decoding method of the present invention, it is possible to use as an image coding I arsenide and decoding device. The software What we do in the storage medium is a computer-readable recording medium (optical disk, floppy disk, hard disk, etc.) 3 1 2 2 is recorded, this PC is Loading use. Also, by connecting the Basokon to any communication line further, it is possible to use as the day image communication terminal.
In the decoding device of a cable television cable 3 1 3 1 or satellite digital broadcasting or terrestrial digital broadcasting antenna connected to a set-top box 3 1 3 in 2 it is possible to implement the decoding method of the present invention, configured to reproduce the digital broadcast TV monitor 3 1 3 3 also conceivable. Set rather than the top box may incorporate decoding device comprising a decoding method of the present invention into the television monitor. Apparatus Oh Rui comprising an encoding method and decoding method of the present invention is also applicable to digital mobile terminal 3 1 4 1 can be implemented software code I arsenide and decoder. The implementation form, in addition to transmitting and receiving type terminal having both the sign method 'decoding method, transmitting terminal coding only implementation form of three different receiving terminal only decryption contemplated.
It is also possible to Komu set the encoding device and the decoding device of the present invention in a camera 3 1 5 1 for moving image shooting. In this case photographic camera has a recording apparatus for recording on a recording medium the output of the coding device and the coding device or al, it records the output coded bitstream from the encoding device to the recording medium. Recording medium is sometimes optical Deikusu. Note that if the camera is attached to the mobile terminal may be adapted to deliver via the antenna by coding the taken image.
Each incorporating the coding device and the decoding device of the present invention in a TV conference system 3 1 6 1 with camera input is also possible. Image input from the camera is encoded into the encoded bit stream similar coding device, is delivered to the network 3 1 6 2. Coded bit stream received from the network is decoded by the decoding apparatus and displayed on the monitor. In this case, means for realizing a decoding method in the encoding methods Rapi of the invention, rather than encoding device * decoding apparatus, there is a case of a software encoder * decoder.
The incorporation of the coding method and decoding method of the present invention to these devices, it is possible to effectively utilize the direct mode and the alternative mode, improves the predictive performance.
Whether available in the direct mode by the header information of the present invention is to cut with clearly determined. Furthermore, when the frame number has no time information, the information indicating the relationship between the reference frame and the current frame can be sent efficiently and that Do. Further, the alternative mode and its switching procedure of the present invention, it is possible to improve the prediction performance when direct mode can not be applied. Industrial Applicability
C application, which can be applied to the code I spoon and decoding of the moving picture
1. Receives information about the motion vector, a decrypted method of a moving image synthesizing a predicted image by performing motion compensation by using the information about the reference image and the motion base vector to be recorded,
The motion compensation has a plurality of blocks modes including modes without decoding the motion base vector,
A step for selecting a prediction mode representing the prediction direction,
Selecting from beam candidates, - a frame referenced in the prediction of the prediction direction in the prediction mode more reference frame
Decoding method of the moving image, characterized by a step of selecting the information of the motion base vector used in the prediction mode.
2. After step the prediction mode selection, decoding I arsenide method of a moving image according to claim 1, wherein the performing step of the selection of the reference frame.
3. The step of selecting the prediction mode, the decoding of a moving picture according to claim 1, wherein the pro click adjacent to the current proc is a Japanese @ [that performed based on whether they have A vector motion Method.
4. Selection of the prediction mode, 1 bi-directional prediction in the case when and no motion base vector the adjacent proc has two movement base vector in time direction, in the direction the adjacent proc time decoding method of the moving picture according to claim 3, wherein the selecting the forward prediction or backward prediction in the case with a movement base vector.
5. Step of selecting a frame to be referred to in the prediction direction of the prediction is a procedure for selecting one reference frame from a plurality of reference frames identified by index number, a plurality of the adjacent proc is the prediction If you are applying direction of prediction to select a reference frame used in any of said adjacent blocks, one said in the case where only one of the adjacent proc is applying a prediction of the prediction direction of selecting a reference frame of the neighboring block index numbers that apply, and wherein the index number to select a number 0 reference frame if said neighboring blocks does not employ prediction mode selected on SL decryption method of a moving image according to claim 1.
6. When the said plurality of said adjacent proc is applying a prediction of the prediction direction, according to claim 5, wherein the selection of a lower inde X number of reference frames that are applied decoding method of the moving image. .
7. As the adjacent proc, decoding method of the moving picture according to claim 3, characterized in that the three blocks and candidate Proc.
8. As the adjacent blocks, the decoding method of moving image according to claim 4, characterized in that the three blocks and a candidate block.
9. Decoding method of the moving image according to claim 1, characterized in that the block size different from the selection steps of frames to be referred selection step and the said motion base Tuttle.
1 0. The plurality of headers to be added to the block, wherein, wherein the receiving, including information Ru determining a prediction procedure in the case where the mode without the decoding of the motion base vector as a block mode is selected decoding how the moving picture according to claim 1.
1 1. Claims information for determining the prediction procedure is characterized in that information to be selected by either the use Rereru or block prediction method with a plurality of mode one de without decoding of the motion base vector decoding method of the moving image according to 1 0.
1 2. Information about the difference of the predicted image and the input image synthesized by using motion compensation, the information about the motion base vector obtained by the motion compensation coding method, the moving picture multiplexing,
The motion To償 has a plurality of plot Kumodo including mode without encoding the motion base vector,
Selecting a prediction mode representing the prediction direction,
Selecting a frame to be referred to in prediction of the prediction direction in the prediction mode from the plurality of candidates for the reference frame Ichimu,
Coding method of a moving image, characterized by a step of selecting the information of the motion base vector used in the prediction mode.
. .1 3 said step of selecting a prediction mode, marks of the moving image according to claim 1 wherein the blocks adjacent to the current proc is characterized in that based on whether or not having an A vector motion; ^ I human way.
1 4. Selection of the prediction mode, the bidirectional prediction in the case when and no motion base vector the adjacent blocks has two movement base vector in time direction, in the direction the adjacent blocks time coding method of claim 1 3 wherein the dynamic image and selects the forward prediction or backward prediction in the case with one movement base vector.
1 5. Step of selecting a frame to be referred to in the prediction direction of the prediction is a procedure for selecting one reference frame from a plurality of reference frames identified by index number, a plurality of the adjacent proc is the If you apply a prediction of the prediction direction selects a reference frame to be used for any of the neighbor proc, the one in the case where only one of the adjacent proc is applying a prediction of the prediction direction select the reference frame index number number of adjacent blocks is applied, that the index number to select a reference frame of 0. number if the neighboring block is not adopted prediction mode selected on SL coding method of a moving picture according to claim 1 2, wherein.
1 6. Claims said plurality of said adjacent blocks is constructed as given in the prediction direction if you are applying predictions, to select the smaller of index number of the reference frames that are applied 1 5 coding method of a moving image according.
1 7. As the neighboring blocks, the coding method of the moving image according to claim 1 3, characterized in that candidate block three Proc.
1 8. Coding method of a moving picture according to claim 1 2 Symbol mounting, characterized in that performed on blocks of different sizes from the selected step in the frames that reference the selected step and the said motion base Tuttle.
1 9. A plurality of headers to be added to the block, multiplexing including determine Mel information prediction procedure when mode without code I ratio of the motion base vector as a block mode is selected It marks Goka method of moving image according to claim 1 2, characterized in.
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