Source: http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/vot/42usc/hava2009.php
Timestamp: 2014-11-26 18:53:44
Document Index: 564686579

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 5', 'art 6', '§15301', 'art 1', '§101', '§1', '§15302', '§102', '§6301', '§625', '§625', '§6301', '§15303', '§103', '§15304', 'art 1', '§104', '§15305', '§105', '§15306', '§106', 'art 1', '§15321', 'art 2', 'art 3', '§201', '§15322', 'art 3', '§202', '§15323', '§203', '§15324', '§204', '§15325', '§205', '§15326', '§206', '§15327', 'art\n1', 'art 3', '§207', '§15328', '§208', '§15329', '§209', '§15330', '§210', '§15341', '§211', '§15342', 'art 3', '§212', '§15343', '§213', '§15344', '§214', '§15345', '§215', '§15346', '§216', '§15361', '§221', '§15362', '§222', '§15371', 'art 3', '§231', '§15381', '§241', '§501', '§15382', '§242', '§15383', '§243', '§15384', '§244', '§15385', '§245', '§15386', '§246', '§15387', '§247', 'art 1', '§15401', '§251', '§588', '§1973', '§575', '§588', '§588', '§15402', '§252', '§15403', '§253', '§588', '§1973', '§588', '§588', '§588', '§15404', '§254', '§588', '§575', '§15405', '§255', '§15406', '§256', '§15407', '§257', '§588', '§15408', '§258', '§15421', '§261', '§15422', '§262', '§15423', '§263', '§15424', '§264', '§15425', '§265', '§15441', 'art 3', '§271', '§1973', '§1973', '§1973', '§15442', '§272', '§15443', '§273', '§15451', '§281', '§15452', '§282', '§15453', '§283', '§15461', '§291', '§15041', '§15462', '§292', '§15041', '§15471', '§295', '§15472', '§296', '§15481', '§301', '§15482', '§302', '§15483', '§303', '§1973', '§1973', '§15484', '§304', '§15485', '§305', '§15501', '§311', '§15502', '§312', '§15511', '§401', '§15512', '§402', '§15521', '§501', '§15522', '§502', '§15523', '§503', '§15531', '§801', '§15532', '§802', '§15533', '§803', '§801', '§15534', '§804', '§15541', '§901', '§15542', '§902', '§15543', '§904', '§15544', '§905', '§15545', '§906', '§1973', '§1973', '§1973', '§1973', '§1973', '§1973', '§12101', '§701']

Civil Rights Division Home Page
Home » Agencies » Civil Rights Division » About » Voting Civil Rights Division Home
Federal Coordination and Compliance
Housing and Civil Enforcement
History of Voting Rights Laws
United States Code, 2009 Edition
CHAPTER 146 - ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IMPROVEMENT
CHAPTER 146-ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IMPROVEMENT
SUBCHAPTER I-PAYMENTS TO STATES FOR ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IMPROVEMENTS AND REPLACEMENT OF PUNCH CARD
AND LEVER VOTING MACHINES
15301. Payments to States for activities to improve administration of elections.
15302. Replacement of punch card or lever voting machines.
15303. Guaranteed minimum payment amount.
15304. Authorization of appropriations.
15305. Administration of programs.
15306. Effective date. SUBCHAPTER II-COMMISSION
Part A-Establishment and General Organization
I74subpart 1-election assistance commission
15321. Establishment.
15322. Duties.
15323. Membership and appointment.
15324. Staff.
15325. Powers.
15326. Dissemination of information.
15327. Annual report.
15328. Requiring majority approval for actions.
15329. Limitation on rulemaking authority.
15330. Authorization of appropriations.
Subpart 2-election assistance commission standards board and board of advisors
15341. Establishment.
15342. Duties.
15343. Membership of Standards Board.
15344. Membership of Board of Advisors.
15345. Powers of Boards; no compensation for service.
15346. Status of Boards and members for purposes of claims against Board.
Subpart 3-technical guidelines development committee
15361. Technical Guidelines Development Committee.
15362. Process for adoption.
Part B-Testing, Certification, Decertification, and Recertification of Voting System Hardware and Software
15371. Certification and testing of voting systems.
Part C-Studies and Other Activities To Promote Effective Administration of Federal Elections
15381. Periodic studies of election administration issues.
15382. Study, report, and recommendations on best practices for facilitating
military and overseas voting.
15383. Report on human factor research.
15384. Study and report on voters who register by mail and use of Social
Security information.
15385. Study and report on electronic voting and the electoral process.
15386. Study and report on free absentee ballot postage.
15387. Consultation with Standards Board and Board of Advisors.
Part D-Election Assistance
I74subpart 1-requirements payments
15401. Requirements payments.
15402. Allocation of funds.
15403. Condition for receipt of funds.
15404. State plan.
15405. Process for development and filing of plan; publication by Commission.
15406. Requirement for public notice and comment.
15407. Authorization of appropriations.
15408. Reports.
Subpart 2-payments to states and units of local government to assure access for individuals with disabilities
15421. Payments to States and units of local government to assure access for
15422. Amount of payment.
15423. Requirements for eligibility.
15424. Authorization of appropriations.
15425. Reports.
Subpart 3-grants for research on voting technology improvements
15441. Grants for research on voting technology improvements.
15442. Report.
15443. Authorization of appropriations.
Subpart 4-pilot program for testing of equipment and technology
15451. Pilot program.
15452. Report.
15453. Authorization of appropriations.
Subpart 5-protection and advocacy systems
15461. Payments for protection and advocacy systems.
15462. Authorization of appropriations.
Subpart 6-national student and parent mock election
15471. National Student and Parent Mock Election.
15472. Authorization of appropriations.
SUBCHAPTER III-UNIFORM AND NONDISCRIMINATORY ELECTION TECHNOLOGY AND ADMINISTRATION REQUIREMENTS
Part A-Requirements
15481. Voting systems standards.
15482. Provisional voting and voting information requirements.
15483. Computerized statewide voter registration list requirements and requirements
for voters who register by mail.
15484. Minimum requirements.
15485. Methods of implementation left to discretion of State.
Part B-Voluntary Guidance
15501. Adoption of voluntary guidance by Commission.
15502. Process for adoption.
SUBCHAPTER IV-ENFORCEMENT
15511. Actions by the Attorney General for declaratory and injunctive relief.
15512. Establishment of State-based administrative complaint procedures to remedy grievances.
SUBCHAPTER V-HELP AMERICA VOTE COLLEGE PROGRAM
15521. Establishment of program.
15522. Activities under Program.
15523. Authorization of appropriations.
SUBCHAPTER VI-TRANSFER TO COMMISSION OF FUNCTIONS UNDER CERTAIN LAWS
15531. Transfer of functions of Office of Election Administration of Federal
Election Commission.
15532. Transfer of functions.
15533. Transfer of property, records, and personnel.
15534. Effective date; transition.
SUBCHAPTER VII-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
15541. State defined.
15542. Audits and repayment of funds.
15543. Review and report on adequacy of existing electoral fraud statutes and penalties.
15544. Other criminal penalties.
15545. No effect on other laws.
§15301. Payments to States for activities to improve administration of elections
Not later than 45 days after October 29, 2002, the Administrator of General Services (in this subchapter
referred to as the “Administrator”) shall establish a program under which the Administrator shall make a payment
to each State in which the chief executive officer of the State, or designee, in consultation and coordination with the
chief State election official, notifies the Administrator not later than 6 months after October 29, 2002, that the State
intends to use the payment in accordance with this section.
(b) Use of payment
A State shall use the funds provided under a payment made under this section to carry out one
or more of the following activities:
(A) Complying with the requirements under subchapter III of this chapter.
(B) Improving the administration of elections for Federal office.
(C) Educating voters concerning voting procedures, voting rights, and voting technology.
(D) Training election officials, poll workers, and election volunteers.
(E) Developing the State plan for requirements payments to be submitted under
subpart 1 of part D of subchapter II of this chapter.
(F) Improving, acquiring, leasing, modifying, or replacing voting systems and
technology and methods for casting and counting votes.
(G) Improving the accessibility and quantity of polling places, including providing
physical access for individuals with disabilities, providing nonvisual access for individuals with visual impairments, and
providing assistance to Native Americans, Alaska Native citizens, and to individuals with limited proficiency in the English language.
(H) Establishing toll-free telephone hotlines that voters may use to report possible
voting fraud and voting rights violations, to obtain general election information, and to access detailed automated
information on their own voter registration status, specific polling place locations, and other relevant information.
A State may not use the funds provided under a payment made under this section-
(A) to pay costs associated with any litigation, except to the extent that such costs otherwise constitute permitted uses of a payment under this section; or
(B) for the payment of any judgment.
(c) Use of funds to be consistent with other laws and requirements
In order to receive a payment under the program under this section, the State shall provide the Administrator with certifications that-
(1) the State will use the funds provided under the payment in a manner that is consistent with each
of the laws described in section 15545 of this title, as such laws relate to the provisions of this chapter; and
(2) the proposed uses of the funds are not inconsistent with the requirements of subchapter III of this chapter.
(d) Amount of payment
Subject to section 15303(b) of this title, the amount of payment made to a State under this
section shall be the minimum payment amount described in paragraph (2) plus the voting age population proportion amount
(2) Minimum payment amount
The minimum payment amount described in this paragraph is-
(A) in the case of any of the several States or the District of Columbia, one-half of 1 percent of the aggregate amount made available for payments under this section; and
(B) in the case of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the United States
Virgin Islands, one-tenth of 1 percent of such aggregate amount.
(3) Voting age population proportion amount
The voting age population proportion amount described in this paragraph is the product of-
(A) the aggregate amount made available for payments under this section minus the total of all of the minimum payment amounts determined under paragraph (2); and
(B) the voting age population proportion for the State (as defined in paragraph (4)).
(4) Voting age population proportion defined
The term “voting age population proportion” means, with respect to a State, the amount equal to the quotient of-
(A) the voting age population of the State (as reported in the most recent decennial census); and
(B) the total voting age population of all States (as reported in the most recent decennial census).
(Pub. L. 107–252, title I, §101, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1668.)
Subchapter III of this chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1)(A) and (c)(2), was in the original “title III”,
meaning title III of Pub. L. 107–252, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1704, which enacted subchapter III of this chapter and
amended section 405 of this title. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Tables.
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 107–252,
Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1666, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to
the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.
Pub. L. 107–252, §1(a), Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1666, provided that: “This Act [enacting this
chapter and chapter 1526 of Title 36, Patriotic And National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations, amending sections 405, 1973ff, 1973ff–1, 1973ff–3, 1973gg–6, and 1973gg–7 of this title, section 438 of Title 2, The Congress, sections 3132 and 7323 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, section 8G of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, and section 1566 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1973ff–1
and 1973ff–3 of this title and section 8G of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, set out in the Appendix to Title 5] may be cited as the ‘Help America Vote Act of 2002’.”
§15302. Replacement of punch card or lever voting machines
(a) Establishment of program
Not later than 45 days after October 29, 2002, the Administrator shall establish a program under which the Administrator shall make a payment to each State eligible under subsection (b) of this section in which a precinct within that
State used a punch card voting system or a lever voting system to administer the regularly scheduled general election for
Federal office held in November 2000 (in this section referred to as a “qualifying precinct”).
A State shall use the funds provided under a payment under this section (either directly or as reimbursement,
including as reimbursement for costs incurred on or after January 1, 2001, under multiyear contracts) to replace punch card
voting systems or lever voting systems (as the case may be) in qualifying precincts within that State with a voting system (by purchase, lease, or such other arrangement as may be appropriate) that-
(A) does not use punch cards or levers;
(B) is not inconsistent with the requirements of the laws described in section 15545 of this title; and
(C) meets the requirements of section 15481 of this title.
(3) Deadline
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a State receiving a payment under the program under this
section shall ensure that all of the punch card voting systems or lever voting systems in the qualifying precincts within
that State have been replaced in time for the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office to be held in November 2004.
(B) Waiver
If a State certifies to the Administrator not later than January 1, 2004, that the State will not
meet the deadline described in subparagraph (A) for good cause and includes in the certification the reasons for the failure
to meet such deadline, the State shall ensure that all of the punch card voting systems or lever voting systems in the qualifying precincts within that State will be replaced in time for the first election for Federal office held after November 1, 2010.
A State is eligible to receive a payment under the program under this section if it submits to the Administrator a notice not later than the date that is 6 months after October 29, 2002 (in such form as the Administrator may require) that
(A) certifications that the State will use the payment (either directly or as reimbursement, including
as reimbursement for costs incurred on or after January 1, 2001, under multiyear contracts) to replace punch card voting systems
or lever voting systems (as the case may be) in the qualifying precincts within the State by the deadline described in subsection (a)(3) of this section;
(B) certifications that the State will continue to comply with the laws described in section 15545
(C) certifications that the replacement voting systems will meet the requirements of section 15481
(D) such other information and certifications as the Administrator may require which are necessary
for the administration of the program.
(2) Compliance of states that require changes to State law
In the case of a State that requires State legislation to carry out an activity covered by any certification
submitted under this subsection, the State shall be permitted to make the certification notwithstanding that the legislation
has not been enacted at the time the certification is submitted and such State shall submit an additional certification once such legislation is enacted.
(c) Amount of payment
Subject to paragraph (2) and section 15303(b) of this title, the amount of payment made to a
State under the program under this section shall be equal to the product of-
(A) the number of the qualifying precincts within the State; and
(B) $4,000.
(2) Reduction
If the amount of funds appropriated pursuant to the authority of section 15304(a)(2) of this title
is insufficient to ensure that each State receives the amount of payment calculated under paragraph (1), the Administrator
shall reduce the amount specified in paragraph (1)(B) to ensure that the entire amount appropriated under such section is
distributed to the States.
(d) Repayment of funds for failure to meet deadlines
If a State receiving funds under the program under this section fails to meet the deadline
applicable to the State under subsection (a)(3) of this section, the State shall pay to the Administrator an amount equal
to the noncompliant precinct percentage of the amount of the funds provided to the State under the program.
(2) Noncompliant precinct percentage defined
In this subsection, the term “noncompliant precinct percentage” means, with respect to a State,
the amount (expressed as a percentage) equal to the quotient of-
(A) the number of qualifying precincts within the State for which the State failed to meet
the applicable deadline; and
(B) the total number of qualifying precincts in the State.
(e) Punch card voting system defined
For purposes of this section, a “punch card voting system” includes any of the following
voting systems:
(1) C.E.S.
(2) Datavote.
(3) PBC Counter.
(4) Pollstar.
(5) Punch Card.
(6) Vote Recorder.
(7) Votomatic.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title I, §102, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1670; Pub. L. 110–28, title VI, §6301(a), May 25, 2007,
121 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VI, §625(a), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 678.)
2009-Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 111–8 substituted “November 1, 2010” for “March 1, 2008”.
2007-Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110–28 substituted “March 1, 2008” for “January 1, 2006”.
Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VI, §625(b), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 678, provided that: “The amendment made
by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the Help America Vote Act of
2002 [Pub. L. 107–252].”
Pub. L. 110–28, title VI, §6301(b), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 171, provided that: “The amendment made by
subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the Help America Vote Act of
§15303. Guaranteed minimum payment amount
In addition to any other payments made under this subchapter, the Administrator shall make a payment to each
State to which a payment is made under either section 15301 or 15302 of this title and with respect to which the aggregate
amount paid under such sections is less than $5,000,000 in an amount equal to the difference between the aggregate amount
paid to the State under sections 15301 and 15302 of this title and $5,000,000. In the case of the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the United States Virgin Islands, the previous sentence shall be applied as if each reference
to “$5,000,000” were a reference to “$1,000,000”.
(b) Pro rata reductions
The Administrator shall make such pro rata reductions to the amounts described in sections 15301(d) and 15302(c)
of this title as are necessary to comply with the requirements of subsection (a) of this section.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title I, §103, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1672.)
§15304. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated for payments under this subchapter $650,000,000, of which-
(1) 50 percent shall be for payments under section 15301 of this title; and
(2) 50 percent shall be for payments under section 15302 of this title.
(b) Continuing availability of funds after appropriation
Any payment made to a State under this subchapter shall be available to the State without fiscal year
limitation (subject to subsection (c)(2)(B) of this section).
(c) Use of returned funds and funds remaining unexpended for requirements payments
The amounts described in paragraph (2) shall be transferred to the Election Assistance Commission (established under subchapter II of this chapter) and used by the Commission to make requirements payments under subpart 1 of
part D of subchapter II of this chapter.
(2) Amounts described
The amounts referred to in this paragraph are as follows:
(A) Any amounts paid to the Administrator by a State under section 15302(d)(1) of this title.
(B) Any amounts appropriated for payments under this subchapter which remain unobligated as of
September 1, 2003.
(d) Deposit of amounts in State election fund
When a State has established an election fund described in section 15404(b) of this title, the State shall
ensure that any funds provided to the State under this subchapter are deposited and maintained in such fund.
(e) Authorization of appropriations for Administrator
In addition to the amounts authorized under subsection (a) of this section, there are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator such sums as may be necessary to administer the programs under this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title I, §104, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1672.)
§15305. Administration of programs
In administering the programs under this subchapter, the Administrator shall take such actions as the
Administrator considers appropriate to expedite the payment of funds to States.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title I, §105, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1673.)
§15306. Effective date
The Administrator shall implement the programs established under this subchapter in a manner that ensures
that the Administrator is able to make payments under the program not later than the expiration of the 45-day period which
begins on October 29, 2002.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title I, §106, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1673.)
SUBCHAPTER II-COMMISSION
subpart 1-election assistance commission
§15321. Establishment
There is hereby established as an independent entity the Election Assistance Commission (hereafter in this
subchapter referred to as the “Commission”), consisting of the members appointed under this subpart. Additionally,
there is established the Election Assistance Commission Standards Board (including the Executive Board of such Board) and
the Election Assistance Commission Board of Advisors under subpart 2 of this part (hereafter in this subpart referred to as the “Standards Board” and the “Board of Advisors”, respectively) and the Technical Guidelines Development Committee under subpart 3 of this part.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §201, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1673.)
§15322. Duties
The Commission shall serve as a national clearinghouse and resource for the compilation of information and
review of procedures with respect to the administration of Federal elections by-
(1) carrying out the duties described in subpart 3 of this part (relating to the adoption of
voluntary voting system guidelines), including the maintenance of a clearinghouse of information on the experiences of
State and local governments in implementing the guidelines and in operating voting systems in general;
(2) carrying out the duties described in part B of this subchapter (relating to the testing,
certification, decertification, and recertification of voting system hardware and software);
(3) carrying out the duties described in part C of this subchapter (relating to conducting studies
and carrying out other activities to promote the effective administration of Federal elections);
(4) carrying out the duties described in part D of this subchapter (relating to election assistance),
and providing information and training on the management of the payments and grants provided under such part;
(5) carrying out the duties described in part B of subchapter III of this chapter (relating to
the adoption of voluntary guidance); and
(6) developing and carrying out the Help America Vote College Program under subchapter V of this chapter.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §202, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1673.)
§15323. Membership and appointment
The Commission shall have four members appointed by the President, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate.
Before the initial appointment of the members of the Commission and before the appointment
of any individual to fill a vacancy on the Commission, the Majority Leader of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Minority Leader of the Senate, and the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives shall each
submit to the President a candidate recommendation with respect to each vacancy on the Commission affiliated with the
political party of the Member of Congress involved.
(3) Qualifications
Each member of the Commission shall have experience with or expertise in election administration or the study of elections.
(4) Date of appointment
The appointments of the members of the Commission shall be made not later than 120 days
after October 29, 2002.
(b) Term of service
Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), members shall serve for a term of 4 years
and may be reappointed for not more than one additional term.
(2) Terms of initial appointees
As designated by the President at the time of nomination, of the members first appointed-
(A) two of the members (not more than one of whom may be affiliated with the
same political party) shall be appointed for a term of 2 years; and
(B) two of the members (not more than one of whom may be affiliated with the
same political party) shall be appointed for a term of 4 years.
(3) Vacancies
A vacancy on the Commission shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made and shall be subject to any conditions which applied with respect to the original appointment.
(B) Expired terms
A member of the Commission shall serve on the Commission after the expiration of
the member's term until the successor of such member has taken office as a member of the Commission.
(C) Unexpired terms
An individual appointed to fill a vacancy shall be appointed for the unexpired
term of the member replaced.
(c) Chair and vice chair
The Commission shall select a chair and vice chair from among its members for a term of 1 year, except
that the chair and vice chair may not be affiliated with the same political party.
(2) Number of terms
A member of the Commission may serve as the chairperson and vice chairperson for only 1 term each
during the term of office to which such member is appointed.
Each member of the Commission shall be compensated at the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for
level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5.
(2) Other activities
No member appointed to the Commission under subsection (a) of this section may engage in any
other business, vocation, or employment while serving as a member of the Commission and shall terminate or liquidate
such business, vocation, or employment before sitting as a member of the Commission.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §203, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1674.)
§15324. Staff
(a) Executive Director, General Counsel, and other staff
(1) Executive Director
The Commission shall have an Executive Director, who shall be paid at a rate not to exceed the
rate of basic pay for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of title 5.
(2) Term of service for Executive Director
The Executive Director shall serve for a term of 4 years. An Executive Director may serve for
a longer period only if reappointed for an additional term or terms by a vote of the Commission.
(3) Procedure for appointment
When a vacancy exists in the position of the Executive Director, the Standards Board
and the Board of Advisors shall each appoint a search committee to recommend at least three nominees for the position.
(B) Requiring consideration of nominees
Except as provided in subparagraph (C), the Commission shall consider the nominees
recommended by the Standards Board and the Board of Advisors in appointing the Executive Director.
(C) Interim service of General Counsel
If a vacancy exists in the position of the Executive Director, the General Counsel of the Commission shall serve as the acting Executive Director until the Commission appoints a new Executive Director in accordance
with this paragraph.
(D) Special rules for interim Executive Director
(i) Convening of search committees
The Standards Board and the Board of Advisors shall each appoint a search
committee and recommend nominees for the position of Executive Director in accordance with subparagraph (A) as soon as
practicable after the appointment of their members.
(ii) Interim initial appointment
Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), the Commission may appoint an
individual to serve as an interim Executive Director prior to the recommendation of nominees for the position by the
Standards Board or the Board of Advisors, except that such individual's term of service may not exceed 6 months. Nothing in the previous sentence may be construed to prohibit the individual serving as the interim Executive Director from serving any
additional term.
(4) General Counsel
The Commission shall have a General Counsel, who shall be appointed by the Commission and who shall
serve under the Executive Director. The General Counsel shall serve for a term of 4 years, and may serve for a longer period
only if reappointed for an additional term or terms by a vote of the Commission.
(5) Other staff
Subject to rules prescribed by the Commission, the Executive Director may appoint and fix the pay
of such additional personnel as the Executive Director considers appropriate.
(6) Applicability of certain civil service laws
The Executive Director, General Counsel, and staff of the Commission may be appointed without regard
to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service, and may be paid without regard to the
provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of that title relating to classification and General Schedule pay
rates, except that an individual so appointed may not receive pay in excess of the annual rate of basic pay for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of that title.
(b) Experts and consultants
Subject to rules prescribed by the Commission, the Executive Director may procure temporary and intermittent
services under section 3109(b) of title 5 by a vote of the Commission.
(c) Staff of Federal agencies
Upon request of the Commission, the head of any Federal department or agency may detail, on a reimbursable basis,
any of the personnel of that department or agency to the Commission to assist it in carrying out its duties under this chapter.
(d) Arranging for assistance for Board of Advisors and Standards Board
At the request of the Board of Advisors or the Standards Board, the Commission may enter into such arrangements as
the Commission considers appropriate to make personnel available to assist the Boards with carrying out their duties under this subchapter (including contracts with private individuals for providing temporary personnel services or the temporary detailing of personnel of the Commission).
(e) Consultation with Board of Advisors and Standards Board on certain matters
In preparing the program goals, long-term plans, mission statements, and related matters for the Commission,
the Executive Director and staff of the Commission shall consult with the Board of Advisors and the Standards Board.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §204, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1675.)
The provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), are
classified generally to section 3301 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 107–252,
the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 15301 of this title and Tables.
§15325. Powers
(a) Hearings and sessions
The Commission may hold such hearings for the purpose of carrying out this chapter, sit and act at such times
and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence as the Commission considers advisable to carry out this chapter. The Commission may administer oaths and affirmations to witnesses appearing before the Commission.
(b) Information from Federal agencies
The Commission may secure directly from any Federal department or agency such information as the Commission considers necessary to carry out this chapter. Upon request of the Commission, the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Commission.
(c) Postal services
The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other
departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
(d) Administrative support services
Upon the request of the Commission, the Administrator of General Services shall provide to the Commission, on a reimbursable basis, the administrative support services that are necessary to enable the Commission to carry out its duties
(e) Contracts
The Commission may contract with and compensate persons and Federal agencies for supplies and services without
regard to section 5 of title 41.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §205, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1677.)
§15326. Dissemination of information
In carrying out its duties, the Commission shall, on an ongoing basis, disseminate to the public (through the
Internet, published reports, and such other methods as the Commission considers appropriate) in a manner that is consistent
with the requirements of chapter 19 of title 44 information on the activities carried out under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §206, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1677.)
§15327. Annual report
Not later than January 31 of each year (beginning with 2004), the Commission shall submit a report to the
Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate detailing its activities during the fiscal year which ended on September 30 of the previous calendar year, and shall
include in the report the following information:
(1) A detailed description of activities conducted with respect to each program carried out by
the Commission under this chapter, including information on each grant or other payment made under such programs.
(2) A copy of each report submitted to the Commission by a recipient of such grants or payments
which is required under such a program, including reports submitted by States receiving requirements payments under subpart
1 of part D of this subchapter, and each other report submitted to the Commission under this chapter.
(3) Information on the voluntary voting system guidelines adopted or modified by the Commission
under subpart 3 of this part and information on the voluntary guidance adopted under part B of subchapter III of this chapter.
(4) All votes taken by the Commission.
(5) Such other information and recommendations as the Commission considers appropriate.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §207, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1677.)
§15328. Requiring majority approval for actions
Any action which the Commission is authorized to carry out under this chapter may be carried out only with
the approval of at least three of its members.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §208, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1678.)
§15329. Limitation on rulemaking authority
The Commission shall not have any authority to issue any rule, promulgate any regulation, or take any other
action which imposes any requirement on any State or unit of local government, except to the extent permitted under section 1973gg–7(a) of this title.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §209, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1678.)
§15330. Authorization of appropriations
In addition to the amounts authorized for payments and grants under this subchapter and the amounts authorized
to be appropriated for the program under section 15523 of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated for each of
the fiscal years 2003 through 2005 such sums as may be necessary (but not to exceed $10,000,000 for each such year) for
the Commission to carry out this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §210, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1678.)
§15341. Establishment
There are hereby established the Election Assistance Commission Standards Board (hereafter in this subchapter
referred to as the “Standards Board”) and the Election Assistance Commission Board of Advisors (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the “Board of Advisors”).
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §211, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1678.)
§15342. Duties
The Standards Board and the Board of Advisors shall each, in accordance with the procedures described in
subpart 3 of this part, review the voluntary voting system guidelines under such subpart, the voluntary guidance under
subchapter III of this chapter, and the best practices recommendations contained in the report submitted under
section 15382(b) of this title.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §212, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1678.)
§15343. Membership of Standards Board
(a) Composition
Subject to certification by the chair of the Federal Election Commission under subsection (b) of
this section, the Standards Board shall be composed of 110 members as follows:
(A) Fifty-five shall be State election officials selected by the chief State election
official of each State.
(B) Fifty-five shall be local election officials selected in accordance with paragraph (2).
(2) List of local election officials
Each State's local election officials, including the local election officials of Puerto Rico and
the United States Virgin Islands, shall select (under a process supervised by the chief election official of the State)
a representative local election official from the State for purposes of paragraph (1)(B). In the case of the District of
Columbia, Guam, and American Samoa, the chief election official shall establish a procedure for selecting an individual to
serve as a local election official for purposes of such paragraph, except that under such a procedure the individual
selected may not be a member of the same political party as the chief election official.
(3) Requiring mix of political parties represented
The two members of the Standards Board who represent the same State may not be members of the
same political party.
(b) Procedures for notice and certification of appointment
(1) Notice to chair of Federal Election Commission
Not later than 90 days after October 29, 2002, the chief State election official of the State
shall transmit a notice to the chair of the Federal Election Commission containing-
(A) the name of the State election official who agrees to serve on the Standards
Board under this subchapter; and
(B) the name of the representative local election official from the State selected under subsection (a)(2) of this section who agrees to serve on the Standards Board under this subchapter.
(2) Certification
Upon receiving a notice from a State under paragraph (1), the chair of the Federal Election
Commission shall publish a certification that the selected State election official and the representative local election
official are appointed as members of the Standards Board under this subchapter.
(3) Effect of failure to provide notice
If a State does not transmit a notice to the chair of the Federal Election Commission under
paragraph (1) within the deadline described in such paragraph, no representative from the State may participate in the
selection of the initial Executive Board under subsection (c) of this section.
(4) Role of Commission
Upon the appointment of the members of the Election Assistance Commission, the Election Assistance
Commission shall carry out the duties of the Federal Election Commission under this subsection.
(c) Executive Board
Not later than 60 days after the last day on which the appointment of any of its
members may be certified under subsection (b) of this section, the Standards Board shall select nine of its members
to serve as the Executive Board of the Standards Board, of whom-
(A) not more than five may be State election officials;
(B) not more than five may be local election officials; and
(C) not more than five may be members of the same political party.
(2) Terms
Except as provided in paragraph (3), members of the Executive Board of the Standards
Board shall serve for a term of 2 years and may not serve for more than 3 consecutive terms.
(3) Staggering of initial terms
Of the members first selected to serve on the Executive Board of the Standards Board-
(A) three shall serve for 1 term;
(B) three shall serve for 2 consecutive terms; and
(C) three shall serve for 3 consecutive terms,
as determined by lot at the time the members are first appointed.
(4) Duties
In addition to any other duties assigned under this subchapter, the Executive Board
of the Standards Board may carry out such duties of the Standards Board as the Standards Board may delegate.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §213, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1678.)
§15344. Membership of Board of Advisors
The Board of Advisors shall be composed of 37 members appointed as follows:
(1) Two members appointed by the National Governors Association.
(2) Two members appointed by the National Conference of State Legislatures.
(3) Two members appointed by the National Association of Secretaries of State.
(4) Two members appointed by the National Association of State Election Directors.
(5) Two members appointed by the National Association of Counties.
(6) Two members appointed by the National Association of County Recorders, Election Administrators, and Clerks.
(7) Two members appointed by the United States Conference of Mayors.
(8) Two members appointed by the Election Center.
(9) Two members appointed by the International Association of County Recorders, Election Officials, and Treasurers.
(10) Two members appointed by the United States Commission on Civil Rights.
(11) Two members appointed by the Architectural and Transportation Barrier Compliance Board under
section 792 of title 29.
(12) The chief of the Office of Public Integrity of the Department of Justice, or the chief's designee.
(13) The chief of the Voting Section of the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice or
the chief's designee.
(14) The director of the Federal Voting Assistance Program of the Department of Defense.
(15) Four members representing professionals in the field of science and technology, of whom-
(A) one each shall be appointed by the Speaker and the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives; and
(B) one each shall be appointed by the Majority Leader and the Minority Leader of the Senate.
(16) Eight members representing voter interests, of whom-
(A) four members shall be appointed by the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives, of whom two shall be appointed by the chair and two shall be appointed by the ranking minority member; and
(B) four members shall be appointed by the Committee on Rules and Administration of the
Senate, of whom two shall be appointed by the chair and two shall be appointed by the ranking minority member.
(b) Manner of appointments
Appointments shall be made to the Board of Advisors under subsection (a) of this section in a manner which ensures
that the Board of Advisors will be bipartisan in nature and will reflect the various geographic regions of the United States.
(c) Term of service; vacancy
Members of the Board of Advisors shall serve for a term of 2 years, and may be reappointed. Any vacancy in the
Board of Advisors shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
(d) Chair
The Board of Advisors shall elect a Chair from among its members.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §214, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1680.)
§15345. Powers of Boards; no compensation for service
To the extent that funds are made available by the Commission, the Standards Board (acting through the Executive Board) and the Board of Advisors may each hold such hearings for the purpose of carrying out this chapter, sit and
act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence as each such Board considers advisable to carry
out this subchapter, except that the Boards may not issue subpoenas requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses or the production of any evidence.
The Standards Board and the Board of Advisors shall each hold a meeting of its members-
(A) not less frequently than once every year for purposes of voting on the voluntary
voting system guidelines referred to it under section 15362 of this title;
(B) in the case of the Standards Board, not less frequently than once every 2 years
for purposes of selecting the Executive Board; and
(C) at such other times as it considers appropriate for purposes of conducting such
other business as it considers appropriate consistent with this subchapter.
The Standards Board and the Board of Advisors may each secure directly from any Federal department or agency such
information as the Board considers necessary to carry out this chapter. Upon request of the Executive Board (in the case of the Standards Board) or the Chair (in the case of the Board of Advisors), the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Board.
The Standards Board and the Board of Advisors may use the United States mails in the same manner and under
the same conditions as a department or agency of the Federal Government.
Upon the request of the Executive Board (in the case of the Standards Board) or the Chair (in the case of the Board of Advisors), the Administrator of the General Services Administration shall provide to the Board, on a reimbursable basis, the administrative support services that are necessary to enable the Board to carry out its duties under this subchapter.
(e) No compensation for service
Members of the Standards Board and members of the Board of Advisors shall not receive any compensation for their service, but shall be paid travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of
agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the
performance of services for the Board.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §215, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1681.)
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 107–252, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1666, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this
Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 15301 of this title and Tables.
§15346. Status of Boards and members for purposes of claims against Board
The provisions of chapters 161 and 171 of title 28 shall apply with respect to the liability of the
Standards Board, the Board of Advisors, and their members for acts or omissions performed pursuant to and in the course
of the duties and responsibilities of the Board.
(b) Exception for criminal acts and other willful conduct
Subsection (a) of this section may not be construed to limit personal liability for criminal acts or
omissions, willful or malicious misconduct, acts or omissions for private gain, or any other act or omission outside
the scope of the service of a member of the Standards Board or the Board of Advisors.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §216, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1681.)
§15361. Technical Guidelines Development Committee
There is hereby established the Technical Guidelines Development Committee (hereafter in this subpart
referred to as the “Development Committee”).
(b) Duties
The Development Committee shall assist the Executive Director of the Commission in the development of the voluntary voting system guidelines.
(2) Deadline for initial set of recommendations
The Development Committee shall provide its first set of recommendations under this section to the Executive Director of the Commission not later than 9 months after all of its members have been appointed.
The Development Committee shall be composed of the Director of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (who shall serve as its chair), together with a group of 14 other individuals appointed jointly by the
Commission and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, consisting of the following:
(A) An equal number of each of the following:
(i) Members of the Standards Board.
(ii) Members of the Board of Advisors.
(iii) Members of the Architectural and Transportation Barrier Compliance Board under section 792 of title 29.
(B) A representative of the American National Standards Institute.
(C) A representative of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
(D) Two representatives of the National Association of State Election Directors selected
by such Association who are not members of the Standards Board or Board of Advisors, and who are not of the same political
(E) Other individuals with technical and scientific expertise relating to voting systems and voting equipment.
A majority of the members of the Development Committee shall constitute a quorum, except that the Development
Committee may not conduct any business prior to the appointment of all of its members.
(d) No compensation for service
Members of the Development Committee shall not receive any compensation for their service, but shall be paid
travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under
subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of
services for the Development Committee.
(e) Technical support from National Institute of Standards and Technology
At the request of the Development Committee, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall provide the Development Committee with technical support necessary for the Development Committee to carry out its duties under this part.
(2) Technical support
The technical support provided under paragraph (1) shall include intramural research and development in areas to support the development of the voluntary voting system guidelines under this subpart, including-
(A) the security of computers, computer networks, and computer data storage used in voting systems, including the computerized list required under section 15483(a) of this title;
(B) methods to detect and prevent fraud;
(C) the protection of voter privacy;
(D) the role of human factors in the design and application of voting systems, including
assistive technologies for individuals with disabilities (including blindness) and varying levels of literacy; and
(E) remote access voting, including voting through the Internet.
(3) No private sector intellectual property rights in guidelines
No private sector individual or entity shall obtain any intellectual property rights to any
guideline or the contents of any guideline (or any modification to any guideline) adopted by the Commission under this chapter.
(f) Publication of recommendations in Federal Register
At the time the Commission adopts any voluntary voting system guideline pursuant to section 15362 of this title,
the Development Committee shall cause to have published in the Federal Register the recommendations it provided under this
section to the Executive Director of the Commission concerning the guideline adopted.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §221, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1682.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (e)(3), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 107–252,
Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1666, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 15301 of this title and Tables.
§15362. Process for adoption
(a) General requirement for notice and comment
Consistent with the requirements of this section, the final adoption of the voluntary voting system guidelines
(or modification of such a guideline) shall be carried out by the Commission in a manner that provides for each of the
(1) Publication of notice of the proposed guidelines in the Federal Register.
(2) An opportunity for public comment on the proposed guidelines.
(3) An opportunity for a public hearing on the record.
(4) Publication of the final guidelines in the Federal Register.
(b) Consideration of recommendations of Development Committee; submission of proposed guidelines to Board of Advisors and Standards Board
(1) Consideration of recommendations of Development Committee
In developing the voluntary voting system guidelines and modifications of such guidelines under this section, the Executive Director of the Commission shall take into consideration the recommendations provided by the Technical Guidelines Development Committee under section 15361 of this title.
(2) Board of Advisors
The Executive Director of the Commission shall submit the guidelines proposed to be adopted under this subpart (or any modifications to such guidelines) to the Board of Advisors.
(3) Standards Board
The Executive Director of the Commission shall submit the guidelines proposed to be adopted under
this subpart (or any modifications to such guidelines) to the Executive Board of the Standards Board, which shall review the guidelines (or modifications) and forward its recommendations to the Standards Board.
Upon receipt of voluntary voting system guidelines described in subsection (b) of this section (or a modification
of such guidelines) from the Executive Director of the Commission, the Board of Advisors and the Standards Board shall each
review and submit comments and recommendations regarding the guideline (or modification) to the Commission.
(d) Final adoption
A voluntary voting system guideline described in subsection (b) of this section (or modification of
such a guideline) shall not be considered to be finally adopted by the Commission unless the Commission votes to approve the final adoption of the guideline (or modification), taking into consideration the comments and recommendations submitted by the Board of Advisors and the Standards Board under subsection (c) of this section.
(2) Minimum period for consideration of comments and recommendations
The Commission may not vote on the final adoption of a guideline described in subsection (b) of this section (or modification of such a guideline) until the expiration of the 90-day period which begins on the date the Executive Director of the Commission submits the proposed guideline (or modification) to the Board of Advisors and the Standards Board under subsection (b) of this section.
(e) Special rule for initial set of guidelines
Notwithstanding any other provision of this subpart, the most recent set of voting system standards adopted by the Federal Election Commission prior to October 29, 2002, shall be deemed to have been adopted by the Commission
as of October 29, 2002, as the first set of voluntary voting system guidelines adopted under this subpart.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §222, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1683.)
§15371. Certification and testing of voting systems
(a) Certification and testing
The Commission shall provide for the testing, certification, decertification, and recertification
of voting system hardware and software by accredited laboratories.
(2) Optional use by States
At the option of a State, the State may provide for the testing, certification, decertification, or recertification of its voting system hardware and software by the laboratories accredited by the Commission under this section.
(b) Laboratory accreditation
(1) Recommendations by National Institute of Standards and Technology
Not later than 6 months after the Commission first adopts voluntary voting system guidelines under
subpart 3 of part A of this subchapter, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall conduct
an evaluation of independent, non-Federal laboratories and shall submit to the Commission a list of those laboratories the
Director proposes to be accredited to carry out the testing, certification, decertification, and ecertification provided
for under this section.
(2) Approval by Commission
The Commission shall vote on the accreditation of any laboratory under this section,
taking into consideration the list submitted under paragraph (1), and no laboratory may be accredited for purposes of this
section unless its accreditation is approved by a vote of the Commission.
(B) Accreditation of laboratories not on Director list
The Commission shall publish an explanation for the accreditation of any laboratory not
included on the list submitted by the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology under paragraph (1).
(c) Continuing review by National Institute of Standards and Technology
In cooperation with the Commission and in consultation with the Standards Board and the Board of
Advisors, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall monitor and review, on an ongoing basis,
the performance of the laboratories accredited by the Commission under this section, and shall make such recommendations to
the Commission as it considers appropriate with respect to the continuing accreditation of such laboratories, including recommendations to revoke the accreditation of any such laboratory.
(2) Approval by Commission required for revocation
The accreditation of a laboratory for purposes of this section may not be revoked unless the
revocation is approved by a vote of the Commission.
(d) Transition
Until such time as the Commission provides for the testing, certification, decertification, and recertification
of voting system hardware and software by accredited laboratories under this section, the accreditation of laboratories and
the procedure for the testing, certification, decertification, and recertification of voting system hardware and software
used as of October 29, 2002, shall remain in effect.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §231, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1684.)
§15381. Periodic studies of election administration issues
On such periodic basis as the Commission may determine, the Commission shall conduct and make available to the public studies regarding the election administration issues described in subsection (b) of this section, with the goal of promoting
methods of voting and administering elections which-
(1) will be the most convenient, accessible, and easy to use for voters, including members of the
uniformed services and overseas voters, individuals with disabilities, including the blind and visually impaired, and voters
with limited proficiency in the English language;
(2) will yield the most accurate, secure, and expeditious system for voting and tabulating
election results;
(3) will be nondiscriminatory and afford each registered and eligible voter an equal opportunity to vote and to have that vote counted; and
(4) will be efficient and cost-effective for use.
(b) Election administration issues described
For purposes of subsection (a) of this section, the election administration issues described in this subsection are
(1) Methods and mechanisms of election technology and voting systems used in voting and counting
votes in elections for Federal office, including the over-vote and under-vote notification capabilities of such technology and systems.
(2) Ballot designs for elections for Federal office.
(3) Methods of voter registration, maintaining secure and accurate lists of registered voters (including
the establishment of a centralized, interactive, statewide voter registration list linked to relevant agencies and all
polling sites), and ensuring that registered voters appear on the voter registration list at the appropriate polling site.
(4) Methods of conducting provisional voting.
(5) Methods of ensuring the accessibility of voting, registration, polling places, and voting
equipment to all voters, including individuals with disabilities (including the blind and visually impaired), Native American or Alaska Native citizens, and voters with limited proficiency in the English language.
(6) Nationwide statistics and methods of identifying, deterring, and investigating voting fraud
in elections for Federal office.
(7) Identifying, deterring, and investigating methods of voter intimidation.
(8) Methods of recruiting, training, and improving the performance of poll workers.
(9) Methods of educating voters about the process of registering to vote and voting, the
operation of voting mechanisms, the location of polling places, and all other aspects of participating in elections.
(10) The feasibility and advisability of conducting elections for Federal office on different days, at different places, and during different hours, including the advisability of establishing a uniform poll closing time and
establishing-
(A) a legal public holiday under section 6103 of title 5 as the date on which general
elections for Federal office are held;
(B) the Tuesday next after the 1st Monday in November, in every even numbered year,
as a legal public holiday under such section;
(C) a date other than the Tuesday next after the 1st Monday in November, in every
even numbered year as the date on which general elections for Federal office are held; and
(D) any date described in subparagraph (C) as a legal public holiday under such section.
(11) Federal and State laws governing the eligibility of persons to vote.
(12) Ways that the Federal Government can best assist State and local authorities to improve the administration of elections for Federal office and what levels of funding would be necessary to provide such assistance.
(13)(A) The laws and procedures used by each State that govern-
(i) recounts of ballots cast in elections for Federal office;
(ii) contests of determinations regarding whether votes are counted in such elections; and
(iii) standards that define what will constitute a vote on each type of voting equipment
used in the State to conduct elections for Federal office.
(B) The best practices (as identified by the Commission) that are used by States with
respect to the recounts and contests described in clause (i).
(C) Whether or not there is a need for more consistency among State recount and contest procedures
used with respect to elections for Federal office.
(14) The technical feasibility of providing voting materials in eight or more languages for voters
who speak those languages and who have limited English proficiency.
(15) Matters particularly relevant to voting and administering elections in rural and urban areas.
(16) Methods of voter registration for members of the uniformed services and overseas voters, and
methods of ensuring that such voters receive timely ballots that will be properly and expeditiously handled and counted.
(17) The best methods for establishing voting system performance benchmarks, expressed as a percentage of residual vote in the Federal contest at the top of the ballot.
(18) Broadcasting practices that may result in the broadcast of false information concerning the
location or time of operation of a polling place.
(19) Such other matters as the Commission determines are appropriate.
(c) Reports
The Commission shall submit to the President and to the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate a report on each study conducted under
subsection (a) of this section together with such recommendations for administrative and legislative action as the Commission determines is appropriate.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §241, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1686.)
Election Data Collection Grants
Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title V, §501, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1997, provided that:
“(a) Election Data Collection Grants.-Not later than March 30, 2008, the Election Assistance Commission (in this section referred to as the ‘Commission’) shall establish an election data collection grant
program (in this section referred to as the ‘program’) to provide a grant of $2,000,000 to 5 eligible States
to improve the collection of data relating to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November
2008. For purposes of this section, the term ‘State’ has the meaning given such term in section 901 of the Help
America Vote Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 15541).
“(b) Eligibility.-A State is eligible to receive a grant under the program if it submits to the Commission, at such time and in such form as the Commission may require, an application containing the following information
and assurances:
“(1) A plan for the use of the funds provided by the grant which will expand and
improve the collection of the election data described in subsection (a) at the precinct level and will provide for the
collection of such data in a common electronic format (as determined by the Commission).
“(2) An assurance that the State will comply with all requests made by the Commission
for the compilation and submission of the data.
“(3) An assurance that the State will provide the Commission with such information
as the Commission may require to prepare and submit the report described in subsection (d).
“(4) Such other information and assurances as the Commission may require.
“(c) Timing of Grants; Availability.-
“(1) Timing.-The Commission shall award grants under the program to eligible
States not later than 60 days after the date on which the Commission establishes the program.
“(2) Availability of funds.-Amounts provided by a grant under the program shall remain available without fiscal year limitation until expended.
“(d) Report to Congress.-
“(1) Report.-Not later than June 30, 2009, the Commission, in consultation with
the States receiving grants under the program and the Election Assistance Commission Board of Advisors, shall submit a
report to Congress on the impact of the program on the collection of the election data described in subsection (a).
“(2) Recommendations.-The Commission shall include in the report submitted
under paragraph (1) such recommendations as the Commission considers appropriate to improve the collection of data relating to regularly scheduled general elections for Federal office in all States, including recommendations for changes in Federal law or regulations and the Commission's estimate of the amount of funding necessary to carry out such changes.”
§15382. Study, report, and recommendations on best practices for facilitating military and overseas voting
The Commission, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall conduct a study on the best
practices for facilitating voting by absent uniformed services voters (as defined in section 1973ff–6(1) of this title)
and overseas voters (as defined in section 1973ff–6(5) of this title).
(2) Issues considered
In conducting the study under paragraph (1) the Commission shall consider the following issues:
(A) The rights of residence of uniformed services voters absent due to military orders.
(B) The rights of absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters to register to
vote and cast absentee ballots, including the right of such voters to cast a secret ballot.
(C) The rights of absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters to submit
absentee ballot applications early during an election year.
(D) The appropriate preelection deadline for mailing absentee ballots to absent
uniformed services voters and overseas voters.
(E) The appropriate minimum period between the mailing of absentee ballots to absent
uniformed services voters and overseas voters and the deadline for receipt of such ballots.
(F) The timely transmission of balloting materials to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters.
(G) Security and privacy concerns in the transmission, receipt, and processing of
ballots from absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters, including the need to protect against fraud.
(H) The use of a single application by absent uniformed services voters and overseas
voters for absentee ballots for all Federal elections occurring during a year.
(I) The use of a single application for voter registration and absentee ballots by absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters.
(J) The use of facsimile machines and electronic means of transmission of absentee ballot applications and absentee ballots to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters.
(K) Other issues related to the rights of absent uniformed services voters and overseas
voters to participate in elections.
(b) Report and recommendations
Not later than the date that is 18 months after October 29, 2002, the Commission shall submit to the President
and Congress a report on the study conducted under subsection (a)(1) of this section together with recommendations
identifying the best practices used with respect to the issues considered under subsection (a)(2) of this section.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §242, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1688.)
§15383. Report on human factor research
Not later than 1 year after October 29, 2002, the Commission, in consultation with the Director of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall submit a report to Congress which assesses the areas of
human factor research, including usability engineering and human-computer and human-machine interaction, which feasibly
could be applied to voting products and systems design to ensure the usability and accuracy of voting products and
systems, including methods to improve access for individuals with disabilities (including blindness) and individuals
with limited proficiency in the English language and to reduce voter error and the number of spoiled ballots in elections.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §243, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1688.)
§15384. Study and report on voters who register by mail and use of Social Security information
(a) Registration by mail
The Commission shall conduct a study of the impact of section 15483(b) of this
title on voters who register by mail.
(B) Specific issues studied
The study conducted under subparagraph (A) shall include-
(i) an examination of the impact of section 15483(b) of this title on
first time mail registrant voters who vote in person, including the impact of such section on voter registration;
(ii) an examination of the impact of such section on the accuracy of
voter rolls, including preventing ineligible names from being placed on voter rolls and ensuring that all eligible
names are placed on voter rolls; and
(iii) an analysis of the impact of such section on existing State
practices, such as the use of signature verification or attestation procedures to verify the identity of voters in
elections for Federal office, and an analysis of other changes that may be made to improve the voter registration
process, such as verification or additional information on the registration card.
Not later than 18 months after the date on which section 15483(b)(2) of this title takes effect,
the Commission shall submit a report to the President and Congress on the study conducted under paragraph (1)(A)
together with such recommendations for administrative and legislative action as the Commission determines is appropriate.
(b) Use of Social Security information
Not later than 18 months after the date on which section 15483(a)(5) of this title takes effect, the
Commission, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Security, shall study and report to Congress on the
feasibility and advisability of using Social Security identification numbers or other information compiled by the
Social Security Administration to establish voter registration or other election law eligibility or identification
requirements, including the matching of relevant information specific to an individual voter, the impact of such use
on national security issues, and whether adequate safeguards or waiver procedures exist to protect the privacy of an
individual voter.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §244, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1689.)
For the effective dates of subsecs. (a)(5) and (b)(2) of section 15483 of this title, referred to in
subsecs. (a)(2) and (b), see section 15483(d) of this title.
§15385. Study and report on electronic voting and the electoral process
The Commission shall conduct a thorough study of issues and challenges, specifically to include
the potential for election fraud, presented by incorporating communications and Internet technologies in the Federal,
State, and local electoral process.
(2) Issues to be studied
The Commission may include in the study conducted under paragraph (1) an examination of-
(A) the appropriate security measures required and minimum standards for certification
of systems or technologies in order to minimize the potential for fraud in voting or in the registration of qualified
citizens to register and vote;
(B) the possible methods, such as Internet or other communications technologies, that
may be utilized in the electoral process, including the use of those technologies to register voters and enable citizens
to vote online, and recommendations concerning statutes and rules to be adopted in order to implement an online or
Internet system in the electoral process;
(C) the impact that new communications or Internet technology systems for use in
the electoral process could have on voter participation rates, voter education, public accessibility, potential external
influences during the elections process, voter privacy and anonymity, and other issues related to the conduct and
administration of elections;
(D) whether other aspects of the electoral process, such as public availability of
candidate information and citizen communication with candidates, could benefit from the increased use of online or
Internet technologies;
(E) the requirements for authorization of collection, storage, and processing of
electronically generated and transmitted digital messages to permit any eligible person to register to vote or vote in
an election, including applying for and casting an absentee ballot;
(F) the implementation cost of an online or Internet voting or voter registration
system and the costs of elections after implementation (including a comparison of total cost savings for the administration
of the electoral process by using Internet technologies or systems);
(G) identification of current and foreseeable online and Internet technologies for use
in the registration of voters, for voting, or for the purpose of reducing election fraud, currently available or in use by
election authorities;
(H) the means by which to ensure and achieve equity of access to online or Internet
voting or voter registration systems and address the fairness of such systems to all citizens; and
(I) the impact of technology on the speed, timeliness, and accuracy of vote counts
in Federal, State, and local elections.
Not later than 20 months after October 29, 2002, the Commission shall transmit to the Committee on House
Administration of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate a report on
the results of the study conducted under subsection (a) of this section, including such legislative recommendations or
model State laws as are required to address the findings of the Commission.
(2) Internet posting
In addition to the dissemination requirements under chapter 19 of title 44, the Election Administration Commission shall post the report transmitted under paragraph (1) on an Internet website.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §245, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1690.)
§15386. Study and report on free absentee ballot postage
(a) Study on the establishment of a free absentee ballot postage program
The Commission, in consultation with the Postal Service, shall conduct a study on the
feasibility and advisability of the establishment of a program under which the Postal Service shall waive or otherwise
reduce the amount of postage applicable with respect to absentee ballots submitted by voters in general elections for
Federal office (other than balloting materials mailed under section 3406 of title 39) that does not apply with respect
to the postage required to send the absentee ballots to voters.
(2) Public survey
As part of the study conducted under paragraph (1), the Commission shall conduct a survey of potential beneficiaries
under the program described in such paragraph, including the elderly and disabled, and shall take into account the
results of such survey in determining the feasibility and advisability of establishing such a program.
Not later than the date that is 1 year after October 29, 2002, the Commission shall submit to
Congress a report on the study conducted under subsection (a)(1) of this section together with recommendations for such
legislative and administrative action as the Commission determines appropriate.
The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall contain an estimate of the costs of establishing
the program described in subsection (a)(1) of this section.
(3) Implementation
The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall contain an analysis of the feasibility of
implementing the program described in subsection (a)(1) of this section with respect to the absentee ballots to be submitted
in the general election for Federal office held in 2004.
(4) Recommendations regarding the elderly and disabled
The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall-
(A) include recommendations on ways that program described in subsection (a)(1) of
this section would target elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities; and
(B) identify methods to increase the number of such individuals who vote in elections
for Federal office.
(c) Postal Service defined
The term “Postal Service” means the United States Postal Service established under section 201
of title 39.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §246, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1691.)
§15387. Consultation with Standards Board and Board of Advisors
The Commission shall carry out its duties under this part in consultation with the Standards Board and the Board of Advisors.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §247, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1692.)
subpart 1-requirements payments
§15401. Requirements payments
The Commission shall make a requirements payment each year in an amount determined under section 15402 of
this title to each State which meets the conditions described in section 15403 of this title for the year.
Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), a State receiving a requirements payment shall
use the payment only to meet the requirements of subchapter III of this chapter.
A State may use a requirements payment to carry out other activities to improve the administration
of elections for Federal office if the State certifies to the Commission that-
(A) the State has implemented the requirements of subchapter III of this chapter; or
(B) the amount expended with respect to such other activities does not exceed an
amount equal to the minimum payment amount applicable to the State under section 15402(c) of this title.
(3) Activities under Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
A State shall use a requirements payment made using funds appropriated pursuant to the
authorization under section 15407(a)(4) of this title only to meet the requirements under the Uniformed and Overseas
Citizens Absentee Voting Act [42 U.S.C. 1973ff et seq.] imposed as a result of the provisions of and amendments made
by the Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act.
(c) Retroactive payments
Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, including the maintenance of effort requirements
of section 15404(a)(7) of this title, a State may use a requirements payment as a reimbursement for costs incurred in
obtaining voting equipment which meets the requirements of section 15481 of this title if the State obtains the equipment
after the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2000.
(2) Special rule regarding multiyear contracts
A State may use a requirements payment for any costs for voting equipment which meets the
requirements of section 15481 of this title that, pursuant to a multiyear contract, were incurred on or after January 1, 2001,
except that the amount that the State is otherwise required to contribute under the maintenance of effort requirements of
section 15404(a)(7) of this title shall be increased by the amount of the payment made with respect to such multiyear contract.
(d) Adoption of Commission guidelines and guidance not required to receive payment
Nothing in this subpart may be construed to require a State to implement any of the voluntary voting system
guidelines or any of the voluntary guidance adopted by the Commission with respect to any matter as a condition for receiving
a requirements payment.
(e) Schedule of payments
As soon as practicable after the initial appointment of all members of the Commission (but in no event later
than 6 months thereafter), and not less frequently than once each calendar year thereafter, the Commission shall make
requirements payments to States under this subpart.
(f) Limitation
A State may not use any portion of a requirements payment-
(1) to pay costs associated with any litigation, except to the extent that such costs otherwise
constitute permitted uses of a requirements payment under this subpart; or
(2) for the payment of any judgment.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §251, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1692; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §588(a),
Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2333.)
The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is Pub. L. 99–410,
Aug. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 924, which is classified principally to subchapter I–G (§1973ff et seq.) of chapter 20 of this
title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1971 of this title and Tables.
The Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is subtitle H (§§575–589)
of title V of div. A of Pub. L. 111–84, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2318, which enacted sections 1973ff–2a, 1973ff–2b,
1973ff–4a, and 1973ff–7 of this title and section 1566a of Title 10, Armed Forces, amended sections 1973ff to 1973ff–2,
1973ff–3, 1973ff–4, 15401, 15403, 15404, and 15407 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under
sections 1971 and 1973ff to 1973ff–2 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short
Title of 2009 Amendment note set out under section 1971 of this title and Tables.
2009-Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–84, §588(a)(1), substituted “paragraphs (2) and (3)” for
“paragraph (2)”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–84, §588(a)(2), added par. (3).
§15402. Allocation of funds
Subject to subsection (c) of this section, the amount of a requirements payment made to a State for a year
shall be equal to the product of-
(1) the total amount appropriated for requirements payments for the year pursuant to the
authorization under section 15407 of this title; and
(2) the State allocation percentage for the State (as determined under subsection (b) of this section).
(b) State allocation percentage defined
The “State allocation percentage” for a State is the amount (expressed as a percentage) equal to
the quotient of-
(1) the voting age population of the State (as reported in the most recent decennial census); and
(2) the total voting age population of all States (as reported in the most recent decennial census).
(c) Minimum amount of payment
The amount of a requirements payment made to a State for a year may not be less than-
(1) in the case of any of the several States or the District of Columbia, one-half of 1 percent
of the total amount appropriated for requirements payments for the year under section 15407 of this title; or
(2) in the case of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the United States
Virgin Islands, one-tenth of 1 percent of such total amount.
(d) Pro rata reductions
The Administrator shall make such pro rata reductions to the allocations determined under subsection (a) of
this section as are necessary to comply with the requirements of subsection (c) of this section.
(e) Continuing availability of funds after appropriation
A requirements payment made to a State under this subpart shall be available to the State without fiscal
year limitation.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §252, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1693.)
§15403. Condition for receipt of funds
A State is eligible to receive a requirements payment for a fiscal year if the chief executive officer of
the State, or designee, in consultation and coordination with the chief State election official, has filed with the
Commission a statement certifying that the State is in compliance with the requirements referred to in subsection (b)
of this section. A State may meet the requirement of the previous sentence by filing with the Commission a statement
which reads as follows: “____________ hereby certifies that it is in compliance with the requirements referred
to in section 253(b) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002.” (with the blank to be filled in with the name of the
State involved).
(b) State plan requirement; certification of compliance with applicable laws and requirements
The requirements referred to in this subsection are as follows:
(1) The State has filed with the Commission a State plan covering the fiscal year which the
State certifies-
(A) contains each of the elements described in section 15404(a) of this title (or,
for purposes of determining the eligibility of a State to receive a requirements payment appropriated pursuant to the
authorization provided under section 15407(a)(4) of this title, contains the element described in paragraph (14) of
such section) with respect to the fiscal year;
(B) is developed in accordance with section 15405 of this title; and
(C) meets the public notice and comment requirements of section 15406 of this title.
(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the State has filed with the Commission a plan for the
implementation of the uniform, nondiscriminatory administrative complaint procedures required under section 15512 of
this title (or has included such a plan in the State plan filed under paragraph (1)), and has such procedures in
place for purposes of meeting the requirements of such section. If the State does not include such an implementation
plan in the State plan filed under paragraph (1), the requirements of sections 15405(b) and 15406 of this title shall
apply to the implementation plan in the same manner as such requirements apply to the State plan.
(B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply for purposes of determining the eligibility of a State to
receive a requirements payment appropriated pursuant to the authorization provided under section 15407(a)(4) of
(3) The State is in compliance with each of the laws described in section 15545 of this title,
as such laws apply with respect to this chapter.
(4) To the extent that any portion of the requirements payment is used for activities other
than meeting the requirements of subchapter III of this chapter-
(A) the State's proposed uses of the requirements payment are not inconsistent
with the requirements of subchapter III of this chapter; and
(B) the use of the funds under this paragraph is consistent with the requirements
of section 15401(b) of this title.
(5)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the State has appropriated funds for carrying out the
activities for which the requirements payment is made in an amount equal to 5 percent of the total amount to be spent
for such activities (taking into account the requirements payment and the amount spent by the State) and, in the case
of a State that uses a requirements payment as a reimbursement under section 15401(c)(2) of this title, an additional
amount equal to the amount of such reimbursement.
receive a requirements payment appropriated pursuant to the authorization provided under section 15407(a)(4) of this
title for fiscal year 2010, except that if the State does not appropriate funds in accordance with subparagraph (A)
prior to the last day of fiscal year 2011, the State shall repay to the Commission the requirements payment which is
appropriated pursuant to such authorization.
(c) Methods of compliance left to discretion of State
The specific choices on the methods of complying with the elements of a State plan shall be left to the
discretion of the State.
(d) Timing for filing of certification
A State may not file a statement of certification under subsection (a) of this section until the expiration
of the 45-day period (or, in the case of a fiscal year other than the first fiscal year for which a requirements payment
is made to the State under this part, the 30-day period) which begins on the date the State plan under this part is
published in the Federal Register pursuant to section 15405(b) of this title.
(e) Chief State election official defined
In this part, the “chief State election official” of a State is the individual designated by
the State under section 10 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg–8) to be responsible for
coordination of the State's responsibilities under such Act.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §253, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1693; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §588(b)(1)(B)–(3),
Section 253(b) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified to
subsec. (b) of this section.
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 103–31, May 20, 1993,
107 Stat. 77, which is classified principally to subchapter I–H (§1973gg et seq.) of chapter 20 of this title. For
complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1971 of this title and Tables.
2009-Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–84, §588(b)(1)(B), substituted “section 15404(a) of this title
(or, for purposes of determining the eligibility of a State to receive a requirements payment appropriated pursuant to
the authorization provided under section 15407(a)(4) of this title, contains the element described in paragraph (14)
of such section)” for “section 15404 of this title”.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–84, §588(b)(2), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted
“Subject to subparagraph (B), the State” for “The State”, and added subpar. (B).
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 111–84, §588(b)(3), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted
§15404. State plan
The State plan shall contain a description of each of the following:
(1) How the State will use the requirements payment to meet the requirements of subchapter
III of this chapter, and, if applicable under section 15401(a)(2) of this title, to carry out other activities to
improve the administration of elections.
(2) How the State will distribute and monitor the distribution of the requirements payment
to units of local government or other entities in the State for carrying out the activities described in paragraph (1),
including a description of-
(A) the criteria to be used to determine the eligibility of such units or entities
for receiving the payment; and
(B) the methods to be used by the State to monitor the performance of the units or
entities to whom the payment is distributed, consistent with the performance goals and measures adopted under paragraph (8).
(3) How the State will provide for programs for voter education, election official education
and training, and poll worker training which will assist the State in meeting the requirements of subchapter III of
(4) How the State will adopt voting system guidelines and processes which are consistent with
the requirements of section 15481 of this title.
(5) How the State will establish a fund described in subsection (b) of this section for purposes of administering the State's activities under this subpart, including information on fund management.
(6) The State's proposed budget for activities under this subpart, based on the State's best
estimates of the costs of such activities and the amount of funds to be made available, including specific information on-
(A) the costs of the activities required to be carried out to meet the requirements
of subchapter III of this chapter;
(B) the portion of the requirements payment which will be used to carry out activities
to meet such requirements; and
(C) the portion of the requirements payment which will be used to carry out other activities.
(7) How the State, in using the requirements payment, will maintain the expenditures of the State for activities funded by the payment at a level that is not less than the level of such expenditures maintained by the State for the fiscal year ending prior to November 2000.
(8) How the State will adopt performance goals and measures that will be used by the State to
determine its success and the success of units of local government in the State in carrying out the plan, including
timetables for meeting each of the elements of the plan, descriptions of the criteria the State will use to measure
performance and the process used to develop such criteria, and a description of which official is to be held responsible
for ensuring that each performance goal is met.
(9) A description of the uniform, nondiscriminatory State-based administrative complaint
procedures in effect under section 15512 of this title.
(10) If the State received any payment under subchapter I of this chapter, a description of
how such payment will affect the activities proposed to be carried out under the plan, including the amount of funds
available for such activities.
(11) How the State will conduct ongoing management of the plan, except that the State may not
make any material change in the administration of the plan unless the change-
(A) is developed and published in the Federal Register in accordance with section
15405 of this title in the same manner as the State plan;
(B) is subject to public notice and comment in accordance with section 15406 of
this title in the same manner as the State plan; and
(C) takes effect only after the expiration of the 30-day period which begins on
the date the change is published in the Federal Register in accordance with subparagraph (A).
(12) In the case of a State with a State plan in effect under this part during the previous
fiscal year, a description of how the plan reflects changes from the State plan for the previous fiscal year and of
how the State succeeded in carrying out the State plan for such previous fiscal year.
(13) A description of the committee which participated in the development of the State plan
in accordance with section 15405 of this title and the procedures followed by the committee under such section and
section 15406 of this title.
(14) How the State will comply with the provisions and requirements of and amendments made
(b) Requirements for election fund
(1) Election fund described
For purposes of subsection (a)(5) of this section, a fund described in this subsection
with respect to a State is a fund which is established in the treasury of the State government, which is used in
accordance with paragraph (2), and which consists of the following amounts:
(A) Amounts appropriated or otherwise made available by the State for carrying
out the activities for which the requirements payment is made to the State under this subpart.
(B) The requirements payment made to the State under this subpart.
(C) Such other amounts as may be appropriated under law.
(D) Interest earned on deposits of the fund.
(2) Use of fund
Amounts in the fund shall be used by the State exclusively to carry out the activities for
which the requirements payment is made to the State under this subpart.
(3) Treatment of States that require changes to State law
In the case of a State that requires State legislation to establish the fund described in this
subsection, the Commission shall defer disbursement of the requirements payment to such State until such time as legislation establishing the fund is enacted.
(c) Protection against actions based on information in plan
No action may be brought under this chapter against a State or other jurisdiction on the basis of any information contained in the State plan filed under this subpart.
(2) Exception for criminal acts
Paragraph (1) may not be construed to limit the liability of a State or other jurisdiction for
criminal acts or omissions.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §254, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1694; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §588(b)(1)(A),
The Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(14), is subtitle H (§§575–589)
2009-Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 111–84 added par. (14).
§15405. Process for development and filing of plan; publication by Commission
The chief State election official shall develop the State plan under this part through a committee of appropriate individuals, including the chief election officials of the two most populous jurisdictions within the States, other
local election officials, stake holders (including representatives of groups of individuals with disabilities), and
other citizens, appointed for such purpose by the chief State election official.
(b) Publication of plan by Commission
After receiving the State plan of a State under this part, the Commission shall cause to have the plan
published in the Federal Register.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §255, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1697.)
§15406. Requirement for public notice and comment
For purposes of section 15401(a)(1)(C) of this title, a State plan meets the public notice and comment
requirements of this section if-
(1) not later than 30 days prior to the submission of the plan, the State made a preliminary
version of the plan available for public inspection and comment;
(2) the State publishes notice that the preliminary version of the plan is so available; and
(3) the State took the public comments made regarding the preliminary version of the plan into
account in preparing the plan which was filed with the Commission.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §256, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1697.)
Section 15401(a)(1)(C) of this title, referred to in text, probably should be a reference to section
15403(b)(1)(C) of this title because there is no subsec. (a)(1)(C) in section 15401 and subsec. (b)(1)(C) of section 15403
relates to public notice and comment requirements of section 15406 of this title.
§15407. Authorization of appropriations
In addition to amounts transferred under section 15304(c) of this title, there are authorized to be
appropriated for requirements payments under this subpart the following amounts:
(1) For fiscal year 2003, $1,400,000,000.
(2) For fiscal year 2004, $1,000,000,000.
(3) For fiscal year 2005, $600,000,000.
(4) For fiscal year 2010 and subsequent fiscal years, such sums as are necessary for
purposes of making requirements payments to States to carry out the activities described in section 15401(b)(3)
(b) Availability
Any amounts appropriated pursuant to the authority of subsection (a) of this section shall remain available
without fiscal year limitation until expended.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §257, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1697; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §588(c), Oct. 28, 2009,
123 Stat. 2334.)
2009-Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 111–84 added par. (4).
§15408. Reports
Not later than 6 months after the end of each fiscal year for which a State received a requirements payment
under this subpart, the State shall submit a report to the Commission on the activities conducted with the funds provided
during the year, and shall include in the report-
(1) a list of expenditures made with respect to each category of activities described in
section 15401(b) of this title;
(2) the number and type of articles of voting equipment obtained with the funds; and
(3) an analysis and description of the activities funded under this subpart to meet the
requirements of this chapter and an analysis and description of how such activities conform to the State plan under
section 15404 of this title.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §258, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1697.)
§15421. Payments to States and units of local government to assure access for individuals with disabilities
The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall make a payment to each eligible State and each eligible unit
of local government (as described in section 15423 of this title).
An eligible State and eligible unit of local government shall use the payment received under this subpart for-
(1) making polling places, including the path of travel, entrances, exits, and voting areas of
each polling facility, accessible to individuals with disabilities, including the blind and visually impaired, in a
manner that provides the same opportunity for access and participation (including privacy and independence) as for
other voters; and
(2) providing individuals with disabilities and the other individuals described in paragraph (1)
with information about the accessibility of polling places, including outreach programs to inform the individuals about the availability of accessible polling places and training election officials, poll workers, and election volunteers on how
best to promote the access and participation of individuals with disabilities in elections for Federal office.
(c) Schedule of payments
As soon as practicable after October 29, 2002 (but in no event later than 6 months thereafter), and not
less frequently than once each calendar year thereafter, the Secretary shall make payments under this subpart.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §261, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1698.)
§15422. Amount of payment
The amount of a payment made to an eligible State or an eligible unit of local government for a year
under this subpart shall be determined by the Secretary.
A payment made to an eligible State or eligible unit of local government under this subpart shall be
available without fiscal year limitation.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §262, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1698.)
§15423. Requirements for eligibility
Each State or unit of local government that desires to receive a payment under this subpart for a fiscal
year shall submit an application for the payment to the Secretary at such time and in such manner and containing such
information as the Secretary shall require.
Each application submitted under subsection (a) of this section shall-
(1) describe the activities for which assistance under this section is sought; and
(2) provide such additional information and certifications as the Secretary determines to
be essential to ensure compliance with the requirements of this subpart.
(c) Protection against actions based on information in application
No action may be brought under this chapter against a State or unit of local government on
the basis of any information contained in the application submitted under subsection (a) of this section.
Paragraph (1) may not be construed to limit the liability of a State or unit of local
government for criminal acts or omissions.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §263, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1698.)
Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1666, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act
to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 15301 of this title and Tables.
§15424. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this subpart the following amounts:
(1) For fiscal year 2003, $50,000,000.
(2) For fiscal year 2004, $25,000,000.
(3) For fiscal year 2005, $25,000,000.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §264, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1699.)
§15425. Reports
(a) Reports by recipients
Not later than the 6 months after the end of each fiscal year for which an eligible State or eligible unit
of local government received a payment under this subpart, the State or unit shall submit a report to the Secretary on
the activities conducted with the funds provided during the year, and shall include in the report a list of expenditures
made with respect to each category of activities described in section 15421(b) of this title.
(b) Report by Secretary to Committees
With respect to each fiscal year for which the Secretary makes payments under this subpart, the Secretary
shall submit a report on the activities carried out under this subpart to the Committee on House Administration of
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §265, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1699.)
§15441. Grants for research on voting technology improvements
The Commission shall make grants to assist entities in carrying out research and development to improve
the quality, reliability, accuracy, accessibility, affordability, and security of voting equipment, election systems,
and voting technology.
An entity is eligible to receive a grant under this subpart if it submits to the Commission (at such time
and in such form as the Commission may require) an application containing-
(1) certifications that the research and development funded with the grant will take into
account the need to make voting equipment fully accessible for individuals with disabilities, including the blind
and visually impaired, the need to ensure that such individuals can vote independently and with privacy, and the
need to provide alternative language accessibility for individuals with limited proficiency in the English language
(consistent with the requirements of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 [42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.]); and
(2) such other information and certifications as the Commission may require.
(c) Applicability of regulations governing patent rights in inventions made with Federal assistance
Any invention made by the recipient of a grant under this subpart using funds provided under this subpart
shall be subject to chapter 18 of title 35 (relating to patent rights in inventions made with Federal assistance).
(d) Recommendation of topics for research
The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (hereafter in this section referred
to as the “Director”) shall submit to the Commission an annual list of the Director's suggestions for issues
which may be the subject of research funded with grants awarded under this subpart during the year.
(2) Review of grant applications received by Commission
The Commission shall submit each application it receives for a grant under this subpart to
the Director, who shall review the application and provide the Commission with such comments as the Director
considers appropriate.
(3) Monitoring and adjustment of grant activities at request of Commission
After the Commission has awarded a grant under this subpart, the Commission may request that
the Director monitor the grant, and (to the extent permitted under the terms of the grant as awarded) the Director
may recommend to the Commission that the recipient of the grant modify and adjust the activities carried out under the grant.
(4) Evaluation of grants at request of Commission
In the case of a grant for which the Commission submits the application to the
Director under paragraph (2) or requests that the Director monitor the grant under paragraph (3), the Director shall
prepare and submit to the Commission an evaluation of the grant and the activities carried out under the grant.
(B) Inclusion in reports
The Commission shall include the evaluations submitted under subparagraph (A) for
a year in the report submitted for the year under section 15327 of this title.
(e) Provision of information on projects
The Commission may provide to the Technical Guidelines Development Committee under subpart 3 of part A of
this subchapter such information regarding the activities funded under this subpart as the Commission deems necessary
to assist the Committee in carrying out its duties.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §271, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1699.)
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is Pub. L. 89–110, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 437,
as amended, which is classified generally to subchapters I–A (§1973 et seq.), I–B (§1973aa et seq.), and I–C (§1973bb et seq.)
of chapter 20 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under
section 1971 of this title and Tables.
§15442. Report
Each entity which receives a grant under this subpart shall submit to the Commission a report describing
the activities carried out with the funds provided under the grant.
(b) Deadline
An entity shall submit a report required under subsection (a) of this section not later than 60 days after
the end of the fiscal year for which the entity received the grant which is the subject of the report.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §272, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1700.)
§15443. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated for grants under this subpart $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2003.
Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization under this section shall remain available, without fiscal year limitation, until expended.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §273, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1700.)
§15451. Pilot program
The Commission shall make grants to carry out pilot programs under which new technologies in voting systems
and equipment are tested and implemented on a trial basis so that the results of such tests and trials are reported to Congress.
(1) certifications that the pilot programs funded with the grant will take into account the need
to make voting equipment fully accessible for individuals with disabilities, including the blind and visually impaired,
the need to ensure that such individuals can vote independently and with privacy, and the need to provide alternative
language accessibility for individuals with limited proficiency in the English language (consistent with the requirements
of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 [42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.] and the requirements of this chapter); and
(c) Recommendation of topics for pilot programs
The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (hereafter in this section
referred to as the “Director”) shall submit to the Commission an annual list of the Director's suggestions
for issues which may be the subject of pilot programs funded with grants awarded under this subpart during the year.
the Director monitor the grant, and (to the extent permitted under the terms of the grant as awarded) the Director may
recommend to the Commission that the recipient of the grant modify and adjust the activities carried out under the grant.
Director under paragraph (2) or requests that the Director monitor the grant under paragraph (3), the Director
shall prepare and submit to the Commission an evaluation of the grant and the activities carried out under the grant.
(d) Provision of information on projects
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §281, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1701.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 107–252,
§15452. Report
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §282, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1702.)
§15453. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated for grants under this subpart $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003.
Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization under this section shall remain available, without
fiscal year limitation, until expended.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §283, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1702.)
§15461. Payments for protection and advocacy systems
In addition to any other payments made under this part, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall pay
the protection and advocacy system (as defined in section 102 of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of
Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15002)) of each State to ensure full participation in the electoral process for individuals
with disabilities, including registering to vote, casting a vote and accessing polling places. In providing such services,
protection and advocacy systems shall have the same general authorities as they are afforded under subtitle C of title I of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15041 et seq.).
(b) Minimum grant amount
The minimum amount of each grant to a protection and advocacy system shall be determined and allocated as set
forth in subsections (c)(3), (c)(4), (c)(5), (e), and (g) of section 794e of title 29, except that the amount of the grants
to systems referred to in subsections (c)(3)(B) and (c)(4)(B) of that section shall be not less than $70,000 and $35,000, respectively.
(c) Training and technical assistance program
Not later than 90 days after the date on which the initial appropriation of funds for a fiscal
year is made pursuant to the authorization under section 15462 of this title, the Secretary shall set aside 7 percent
of the amount appropriated under such section and use such portion to make payments to eligible entities to provide
training and technical assistance with respect to the activities carried out under this section.
A recipient of a payment under this subsection may use the payment to support training in the
use of voting systems and technologies, and to demonstrate and evaluate the use of such systems and technologies, by
individuals with disabilities (including blindness) in order to assess the availability and use of such systems and
technologies for such individuals. At least one of the recipients under this subsection shall use the payment to provide
training and technical assistance for nonvisual access.
(3) Eligibility
An entity is eligible to receive a payment under this subsection if the entity-
(A) is a public or private nonprofit entity with demonstrated experience in voting
issues for individuals with disabilities;
(B) is governed by a board with respect to which the majority of its members are
individuals with disabilities or family members of such individuals or individuals who are blind; and
(C) submits to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and
containing such information as the Secretary may require.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §291, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1702.)
The Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000, referred to in subsec. (a), is
Pub. L. 106–402, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1677. Subtitle C of title I of the Act is classified generally to part C
(§15041 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 144 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code,
see Short Title note set out under section 15001 of this title and Tables.
§15462. Authorization of appropriations
In addition to any other amounts authorized to be appropriated under this part, there are authorized to
be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006, and for each subsequent fiscal year
such sums as may be necessary, for the purpose of making payments under section 15461(a) of this title; except that
none of the funds provided by this subsection shall be used to initiate or otherwise participate in any litigation
related to election-related disability access, notwithstanding the general authorities that the protection and advocacy
systems are otherwise afforded under subtitle C of title I of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of
Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15041 et seq.).
Any amounts appropriated pursuant to the authority of this section shall remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §292, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1703.)
Pub. L. 106–402, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1677. Subtitle C of title I of the Act is classified generally to part C §15041 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 144 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code,
§15471. National Student and Parent Mock Election
The Election Assistance Commission is authorized to award grants to the National Student and Parent Mock
Election, a national nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that works to promote voter participation in American elections
to enable it to carry out voter education activities for students and their parents. Such activities may-
(1) include simulated national elections at least 5 days before the actual election that
permit participation by students and parents from each of the 50 States in the United States, its territories, the
District of Columbia, and United States schools overseas; and
(2) consist of-
(A) school forums and local cable call-in shows on the national issues to be voted
upon in an “issues forum”;
(B) speeches and debates before students and parents by local candidates or
stand-ins for such candidates;
(C) quiz team competitions, mock press conferences, and speech writing competitions;
(D) weekly meetings to follow the course of the campaign; or
(E) school and neighborhood campaigns to increase voter turnout, including newsletters,
posters, telephone chains, and transportation.
The National Student and Parent Mock Election shall present awards to outstanding student and parent mock
election projects.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §295, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1703.)
§15472. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this part $200,000 for fiscal
year 2003 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the 6 succeeding fiscal years.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title II, §296, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1704.)
§15481. Voting systems standards
Each voting system used in an election for Federal office shall meet the following requirements:
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the voting system (including any lever voting system,
optical scanning voting system, or direct recording electronic system) shall-
(i) permit the voter to verify (in a private and independent manner) the votes selected
by the voter on the ballot before the ballot is cast and counted;
(ii) provide the voter with the opportunity (in a private and independent manner) to
change the ballot or correct any error before the ballot is cast and counted (including the opportunity to correct the error
through the issuance of a replacement ballot if the voter was otherwise unable to change the ballot or correct any error); and
(iii) if the voter selects votes for more than one candidate for a single office-
(I) notify the voter that the voter has selected more than one candidate
for a single office on the ballot;
(II) notify the voter before the ballot is cast and counted of the effect
of casting multiple votes for the office; and
(III) provide the voter with the opportunity to correct the ballot before
the ballot is cast and counted.
(B) A State or jurisdiction that uses a paper ballot voting system, a punch card voting system,
or a central count voting system (including mail-in absentee ballots and mail-in ballots), may meet the requirements of
subparagraph (A)(iii) by-
(i) establishing a voter education program specific to that voting system that
notifies each voter of the effect of casting multiple votes for an office; and
(ii) providing the voter with instructions on how to correct the ballot before it
is cast and counted (including instructions on how to correct the error through the issuance of a replacement ballot
if the voter was otherwise unable to change the ballot or correct any error).
(C) The voting system shall ensure that any notification required under this paragraph preserves
the privacy of the voter and the confidentiality of the ballot.
(2) Audit capacity
The voting system shall produce a record with an audit capacity for such system.
(B) Manual audit capacity
(i) The voting system shall produce a permanent paper record with a
manual audit capacity for such system.
(ii) The voting system shall provide the voter with an opportunity to
change the ballot or correct any error before the permanent paper record is produced.
(iii) The paper record produced under subparagraph (A) shall be
available as an official record for any recount conducted with respect to any election in which the system is used.
(3) Accessibility for individuals with disabilities
The voting system shall-
(A) be accessible for individuals with disabilities, including nonvisual accessibility
for the blind and visually impaired, in a manner that provides the same opportunity for access and participation
(including privacy and independence) as for other voters;
(B) satisfy the requirement of subparagraph (A) through the use of at least one
direct recording electronic voting system or other voting system equipped for individuals with disabilities at each
polling place; and
(C) if purchased with funds made available under subchapter II of this chapter on
or after January 1, 2007, meet the voting system standards for disability access (as outlined in this paragraph).
(4) Alternative language accessibility
The voting system shall provide alternative language accessibility pursuant to the requirements
of section 1973aa–1a of this title.
(5) Error rates
The error rate of the voting system in counting ballots (determined by taking into account only
those errors which are attributable to the voting system and not attributable to an act of the voter) shall comply with
the error rate standards established under section 3.2.1 of the voting systems standards issued by the Federal Election
Commission which are in effect on October 29, 2002.
(6) Uniform definition of what constitutes a vote
Each State shall adopt uniform and nondiscriminatory standards that define what constitutes
a vote and what will be counted as a vote for each category of voting system used in the State.
(b) Voting system defined
In this section, the term “voting system” means-
(1) the total combination of mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic equipment (including
the software, firmware, and documentation required to program, control, and support the equipment) that is used-
(C) to report or display election results; and
(D) to maintain and produce any audit trail information; and
(2) the practices and associated documentation used-
(A) to identify system components and versions of such components;
(B) to test the system during its development and maintenance;
(C) to maintain records of system errors and defects;
(D) to determine specific system changes to be made to a system after the initial
(E) to make available any materials to the voter (such as notices, instructions,
forms, or paper ballots).
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a State or jurisdiction which used a
particular type of voting system in the elections for Federal office held in November 2000 from using the same type
of system after the effective date of this section, so long as the system meets or is modified to meet the requirements
(2) Protection of paper ballot voting systems
For purposes of subsection (a)(1)(A)(i) of this section, the term “verify” may not
be defined in a manner that makes it impossible for a paper ballot voting system to meet the requirements of such
subsection or to be modified to meet such requirements.
(d) Effective date
Each State and jurisdiction shall be required to comply with the requirements of this section on and
(Pub. L. 107–252, title III, §301, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1704.)
§15482. Provisional voting and voting information requirements
(a) Provisional voting requirements
If an individual declares that such individual is a registered voter in the jurisdiction in which the
individual desires to vote and that the individual is eligible to vote in an election for Federal office, but the
name of the individual does not appear on the official list of eligible voters for the polling place or an election
official asserts that the individual is not eligible to vote, such individual shall be permitted to cast a provisional
ballot as follows:
(1) An election official at the polling place shall notify the individual that the individual
may cast a provisional ballot in that election.
(2) The individual shall be permitted to cast a provisional ballot at that polling place upon
the execution of a written affirmation by the individual before an election official at the polling place stating that
the individual is-
(A) a registered voter in the jurisdiction in which the individual desires to vote; and
B) eligible to vote in that election.
(3) An election official at the polling place shall transmit the ballot cast by the individual
or the voter information contained in the written affirmation executed by the individual under paragraph (2) to an
appropriate State or local election official for prompt verification under paragraph (4).
(4) If the appropriate State or local election official to whom the ballot or voter information
is transmitted under paragraph (3) determines that the individual is eligible under State law to vote, the individual's
provisional ballot shall be counted as a vote in that election in accordance with State law.
(5)(A) At the time that an individual casts a provisional ballot, the appropriate State or
local election official shall give the individual written information that states that any individual who casts a
provisional ballot will be able to ascertain under the system established under subparagraph (B) whether the vote
was counted, and, if the vote was not counted, the reason that the vote was not counted.
(B) The appropriate State or local election official shall establish a free access system
(such as a toll-free telephone number or an Internet website) that any individual who casts a provisional ballot
may access to discover whether the vote of that individual was counted, and, if the vote was not counted, the reason
that the vote was not counted.
States described in section 1973gg–2(b) of this title may meet the requirements of this subsection using
voter registration procedures established under applicable State law. The appropriate State or local official shall
establish and maintain reasonable procedures necessary to protect the security, confidentiality, and integrity of
personal information collected, stored, or otherwise used by the free access system established under paragraph (5)(B).
Access to information about an individual provisional ballot shall be restricted to the individual who cast the ballot.
(b) Voting information requirements
(1) Public posting on election day
The appropriate State or local election official shall cause voting information to be publicly
posted at each polling place on the day of each election for Federal office.
(2) Voting information defined
In this section, the term “voting information” means-
(B) information regarding the date of the election and the hours during which
polling places will be open;
(C) instructions on how to vote, including how to cast a vote and how to cast
a provisional ballot;
(D) instructions for mail-in registrants and first-time voters under section
15483(b) of this title;
(E) general information on voting rights under applicable Federal and State
laws, including information on the right of an individual to cast a provisional ballot and instructions on how
to contact the appropriate officials if these rights are alleged to have been violated; and
(F) general information on Federal and State laws regarding prohibitions on
acts of fraud and misrepresentation.
(c) Voters who vote after the polls close
Any individual who votes in an election for Federal office as a result of a Federal or State court order
or any other order extending the time established for closing the polls by a State law in effect 10 days before the
date of that election may only vote in that election by casting a provisional ballot under subsection (a) of this
section. Any such ballot cast under the preceding sentence shall be separated and held apart from other provisional
ballots cast by those not affected by the order.
(d) Effective date for provisional voting and voting information
after January 1, 2004.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title III, §302, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1706.)
§15483. Computerized statewide voter registration list requirements and requirements for voters who register by mail
(a) Computerized statewide voter registration list requirements
(1) Implementation
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), each State, acting through the chief
State election official, shall implement, in a uniform and nondiscriminatory manner, a single, uniform, official,
centralized, interactive computerized statewide voter registration list defined, maintained, and administered at
the State level that contains the name and registration information of every legally registered voter in the State
and assigns a unique identifier to each legally registered voter in the State (in this subsection referred to as
the “computerized list”), and includes the following:
(i) The computerized list shall serve as the single system for
storing and managing the official list of registered voters throughout the State.
(ii) The computerized list contains the name and registration
information of every legally registered voter in the State.
(iii) Under the computerized list, a unique identifier is assigned
to each legally registered voter in the State.
(iv) The computerized list shall be coordinated with other agency
databases within the State.
(v) Any election official in the State, including any local
election official, may obtain immediate electronic access to the information contained in the computerized list.
(vi) All voter registration information obtained by any local election
official in the State shall be electronically entered into the computerized list on an expedited basis at the time
the information is provided to the local official.
(vii) The chief State election official shall provide such support
as may be required so that local election officials are able to enter information as described in clause (vi).
(viii) The computerized list shall serve as the official voter
registration list for the conduct of all elections for Federal office in the State.
The requirement under subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a State in which,
under a State law in effect continuously on and after October 29, 2002, there is no voter registration requirement
for individuals in the State with respect to elections for Federal office.
(2) Computerized list maintenance
The appropriate State or local election official shall perform list maintenance
with respect to the computerized list on a regular basis as follows:
(i) If an individual is to be removed from the computerized list,
such individual shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993
(42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.), including subsections (a)(4), (c)(2), (d), and (e) of section 8 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1973gg–6).
(ii) For purposes of removing names of ineligible voters from the
official list of eligible voters-
(I) under section 8(a)(3)(B) of such Act (42 U.S.C.
1973gg–6(a)(3)(B)), the State shall coordinate the computerized list with State agency records on felony status; and
(II) by reason of the death of the registrant under section 8(a)(4)(A)
of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1973gg–6(a)(4)(A)), the State shall coordinate the computerized list with State agency records on death.
(iii) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this subparagraph,
if a State is described in section 4(b) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg–2(b)), that
State shall remove the names of ineligible voters from the computerized list in accordance with State law.
(B) Conduct
The list maintenance performed under subparagraph (A) shall be conducted in a
manner that ensures that-
(i) the name of each registered voter appears in the computerized list;
(ii) only voters who are not registered or who are not eligible to
vote are removed from the computerized list; and
(iii) duplicate names are eliminated from the computerized list.
(3) Technological security of computerized list
The appropriate State or local official shall provide adequate technological security measures
to prevent the unauthorized access to the computerized list established under this section.
(4) Minimum standard for accuracy of State voter registration records
The State election system shall include provisions to ensure that voter registration records
in the State are accurate and are updated regularly, including the following:
(A) A system of file maintenance that makes a reasonable effort to remove registrants
who are ineligible to vote from the official list of eligible voters. Under such system, consistent with the National
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.), registrants who have not responded to a notice and who have
not voted in 2 consecutive general elections for Federal office shall be removed from the official list of eligible
voters, except that no registrant may be removed solely by reason of a failure to vote.
(B) Safeguards to ensure that eligible voters are not removed in error from the official list
of eligible voters.
(5) Verification of voter registration information
(A) Requiring provision of certain information by applicants
Except as provided in clause (ii), notwithstanding any other provision
of law, an application for voter registration for an election for Federal office may not be accepted or processed by
a State unless the application includes-
(I) in the case of an applicant who has been issued a
current and valid driver's license, the applicant's driver's license number; or
(II) in the case of any other applicant (other than an
applicant to whom clause (ii) applies), the last 4 digits of the applicant's social security number.
(ii) Special rule for applicants without driver's license or social
If an applicant for voter registration for an election for Federal
office has not been issued a current and valid driver's license or a social security number, the State shall assign
the applicant a number which will serve to identify the applicant for voter registration purposes. To the extent that
the State has a computerized list in effect under this subsection and the list assigns unique identifying numbers to
registrants, the number assigned under this clause shall be the unique identifying number assigned under the list.
(iii) Determination of validity of numbers provided
The State shall determine whether the information provided by an
individual is sufficient to meet the requirements of this subparagraph, in accordance with State law.
(B) Requirements for State officials
(i) Sharing information in databases
The chief State election official and the official responsible for
the State motor vehicle authority of a State shall enter into an agreement to match information in the database of
the statewide voter registration system with information in the database of the motor vehicle authority to the extent
required to enable each such official to verify the accuracy of the information provided on applications for voter
(ii) Agreements with Commissioner of Social Security
The official responsible for the State motor vehicle authority
shall enter into an agreement with the Commissioner of Social Security under section 405(r)(8) of this title
(as added by subparagraph (C)).
(D) Special rule for certain States
In the case of a State which is permitted to use social security numbers, and
provides for the use of social security numbers, on applications for voter registration, in accordance with
section 7 of the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a note), the provisions of this paragraph shall be optional.
(b) Requirements for voters who register by mail
Notwithstanding section 6(c) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg–4(c))
and subject to paragraph (3), a State shall, in a uniform and nondiscriminatory manner, require an individual to meet the
requirements of paragraph (2) if-
(A) the individual registered to vote in a jurisdiction by mail; and
(B)(i) the individual has not previously voted in an election for Federal office
in the State; or
(ii) the individual has not previously voted in such an election in the jurisdiction
and the jurisdiction is located in a State that does not have a computerized list that complies with the requirements of
subsection (a) of this section.
An individual meets the requirements of this paragraph if the individual-
(i) in the case of an individual who votes in person-
(I) presents to the appropriate State or local election official a
current and valid photo identification; or
(II) presents to the appropriate State or local election
official a copy of a current utility bill, bank statement, government check, paycheck, or other government document
that shows the name and address of the voter; or
(ii) in the case of an individual who votes by mail, submits with the ballot-
(I) a copy of a current and valid photo identification; or
(II) a copy of a current utility bill, bank statement,
government check, paycheck, or other government document that shows the name and address of the voter.
(B) Fail-safe voting
(i) In person
An individual who desires to vote in person, but who does not meet the
requirements of subparagraph (A)(i), may cast a provisional ballot under section 15482(a) of this title.
(ii) By mail
An individual who desires to vote by mail but who does not meet the requirements
of subparagraph (A)(ii) may cast such a ballot by mail and the ballot shall be counted as a provisional ballot in
accordance with section 15482(a) of this title.
(3) Inapplicability
Paragraph (1) shall not apply in the case of a person-
(A) who registers to vote by mail under section 6 of the National Voter Registration
Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg–4) and submits as part of such registration either-
(ii) a copy of a current utility bill, bank statement, government
check, paycheck, or government document that shows the name and address of the voter;
(B)(i) who registers to vote by mail under section 6 of the National Voter
Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg–4) and submits with such registration either-
(I) a driver's license number; or
(II) at least the last 4 digits of the individual's social security number; and
(ii) with respect to whom a State or local election official matches the information submitted under clause (i) with an existing State identification record bearing the same number, name and date of birth as provided in such registration; or
(C) who is-
(i) entitled to vote by absentee ballot under the Uniformed and
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act [42 U.S.C. 1973ff et seq.];
(ii) provided the right to vote otherwise than in person
under section 1973ee–1(b)(2)(B)(ii) of this title; or
(iii) entitled to vote otherwise than in person under any
other Federal law.
(4) Contents of mail-in registration form
The mail voter registration form developed under section 6 of the National Voter
Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg–4) shall include the following:
(i) The question “Are you a citizen of the United States of
America?” and boxes for the applicant to check to indicate whether the applicant is or is not a citizen of the
(ii) The question “Will you be 18 years of age on or before
election day?” and boxes for the applicant to check to indicate whether or not the applicant will be 18 years
of age or older on election day.
(iii) The statement “If you checked ‘no’ in response
to either of these questions, do not complete this form.”.
(iv) A statement informing the individual that if the form is submitted
by mail and the individual is registering for the first time, the appropriate information required under this section
must be submitted with the mail-in registration form in order to avoid the additional identification requirements upon
voting for the first time.
(B) Incomplete forms
If an applicant for voter registration fails to answer the question included on
the mail voter registration form pursuant to subparagraph (A)(i), the registrar shall notify the applicant of the
failure and provide the applicant with an opportunity to complete the form in a timely manner to allow for the
completion of the registration form prior to the next election for Federal office (subject to State law).
(5) Construction
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a State that was not required to
comply with a provision of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.) before
October 29, 2002, to comply with such a provision after October 29, 2002.
(c) Permitted use of last 4 digits of social security numbers
The last 4 digits of a social security number described in subsections (a)(5)(A)(i)(II) and (b)(3)(B)(i)(II)
of this section shall not be considered to be a social security number for purposes of section 7 of the Privacy Act of
1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a note).
(1) Computerized statewide voter registration list requirements
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), each State and jurisdiction shall be
required to comply with the requirements of subsection (a) of this section on and after January 1, 2004.
If a State or jurisdiction certifies to the Commission not later than January 1,
2004, that the State or jurisdiction will not meet the deadline described in subparagraph (A) for good cause and includes
in the certification the reasons for the failure to meet such deadline, subparagraph (A) shall apply to the State or
jurisdiction as if the reference in such subparagraph to “January 1, 2004” were a reference to “January
1, 2006”.
(2) Requirement for voters who register by mail
Each State and jurisdiction shall be required to comply with the requirements of
subsection (b) of this section on and after January 1, 2004, and shall be prepared to receive registration materials
submitted by individuals described in subparagraph (B) on and after the date described in such subparagraph.
(B) Applicability with respect to individuals
The provisions of subsection (b) of this section shall apply to any individual
who registers to vote on or after January 1, 2003.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title III, §303, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1708.)
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(A)(i), (4)(A) and (b)(5), is
Pub. L. 103–31, May 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 77, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I–H
(§1973gg et seq.) of chapter 20 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title
note set out under section 1971 of this title and Tables.
Section 7 of the Privacy Act of 1974, referred to in subsecs. (a)(5)(D) and (c), is section 7 of
Pub. L. 93–579, which is set out as a note under section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3)(C)(i), is
Pub. L. 99–410, Aug. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 924, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I–G (§1973ff et seq.)
of chapter 20 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1986 Amendment
Section is comprised of section 303 of Pub. L. 107–252. Subsec. (a)(5)(C) of section 303 of
Pub. L. 107–252 amended section 405 of this title.
§15484. Minimum requirements
The requirements established by this subchapter are minimum requirements and nothing in this subchapter
shall be construed to prevent a State from establishing election technology and administration requirements that are
more strict than the requirements established under this subchapter so long as such State requirements are not
inconsistent with the Federal requirements under this subchapter or any law described in section 15545 of this title.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title III, §304, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1714.)
§15485. Methods of implementation left to discretion of State
The specific choices on the methods of complying with the requirements of this subchapter shall be left
to the discretion of the State.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title III, §305, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1714.)
§15501. Adoption of voluntary guidance by Commission
To assist States in meeting the requirements of part A of this subchapter, the Commission shall adopt
voluntary guidance consistent with such requirements in accordance with the procedures described in section 15502
(b) Deadlines
The Commission shall adopt the recommendations under this section not later than-
(1) in the case of the recommendations with respect to section 15481 of this title, January 1, 2004;
(2) in the case of the recommendations with respect to section 15482 of this title, October 1, 2003; and
(3) in the case of the recommendations with respect to section 15483 of this title, October 1, 2003.
(c) Quadrennial update
The Commission shall review and update recommendations adopted with respect to section 15481 of this title no less frequently than once every 4 years.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title III, §311, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1715.)
§15502. Process for adoption
The adoption of the voluntary guidance under this part shall be carried out by the Commission in a manner
that provides for each of the following:
(1) Publication of notice of the proposed recommendations in the Federal Register.
(2) An opportunity for public comment on the proposed recommendations.
(4) Publication of the final recommendations in the Federal Register.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title III, §312, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1715.)
§15511. Actions by the Attorney General for declaratory and injunctive relief
The Attorney General may bring a civil action against any State or jurisdiction in an appropriate
United States District Court for such declaratory and injunctive relief (including a temporary restraining order, a
permanent or temporary injunction, or other order) as may be necessary to carry out the uniform and nondiscriminatory
election technology and administration requirements under sections 15481, 15482, and 15483 of this title.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title IV, §401, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1715.)
§15512. Establishment of State-based administrative complaint procedures to remedy grievances
(a) Establishment of State-based administrative complaint procedures to remedy grievances
(1) Establishment of procedures as condition of receiving funds
If a State receives any payment under a program under this chapter, the State shall be
required to establish and maintain State-based administrative complaint procedures which meet the requirements of
(2) Requirements for procedures
The requirements of this paragraph are as follows:
(A) The procedures shall be uniform and nondiscriminatory.
(B) Under the procedures, any person who believes that there is a violation of any provision
of subchapter III of this chapter (including a violation which has occurred, is occurring, or is about to occur)
may file a complaint.
(C) Any complaint filed under the procedures shall be in writing and notarized, and signed
and sworn by the person filing the complaint.
(D) The State may consolidate complaints filed under subparagraph (B).
(E) At the request of the complainant, there shall be a hearing on the record.
(F) If, under the procedures, the State determines that there is a violation of any provision
of subchapter III of this chapter, the State shall provide the appropriate remedy.
(G) If, under the procedures, the State determines that there is no violation, the State
shall dismiss the complaint and publish the results of the procedures.
(H) The State shall make a final determination with respect to a complaint prior to the
expiration of the 90-day period which begins on the date the complaint is filed, unless the complainant consents
to a longer period for making such a determination.
(I) If the State fails to meet the deadline applicable under subparagraph (H), the complain
shall be resolved within 60 days under alternative dispute resolution procedures established for purposes of this
section. The record and other materials from any proceedings conducted under the complaint procedures established
under this section shall be made available for use under the alternative dispute resolution procedures.
(b) Requiring Attorney General approval of compliance plan for States not receiving funds
Not later than January 1, 2004, each nonparticipating State shall elect-
(A) to certify to the Commission that the State meets the requirements of
subsection (a) of this section in the same manner as a State receiving a payment under this chapter; or
(B) to submit a compliance plan to the Attorney General which provides detailed
information on the steps the State will take to ensure that it meets the requirements of subchapter III of this chapter.
(2) States without approved plan deemed out of compliance
A nonparticipating State (other than a State which makes the election described in paragraph
(1)(A)) shall be deemed to not meet the requirements of subchapter III of this chapter if the Attorney General has
not approved a compliance plan submitted by the State under this subsection.
(3) Nonparticipating State defined
In this section, a “nonparticipating State” is a State which, during 2003, does
not notify any office which is responsible for making payments to States under any program under this chapter of its
intent to participate in, and receive funds under, the program.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title IV, §402, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1715.)
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b)(1)(A), (3), was in the original “this Act”,
meaning Pub. L. 107–252, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1666, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 15301 of this title and Tables.
§15521. Establishment of program
Not later than 1 year after the appointment of its members, the Election Assistance Commission shall
develop a program to be known as the “Help America Vote College Program” (hereafter in this subchapter
referred to as the “Program”).
(b) Purposes of Program
The purpose of the Program shall be-
(1) to encourage students enrolled at institutions of higher education (including community
colleges) to assist State and local governments in the administration of elections by serving as nonpartisan poll
workers or assistants; and
(2) to encourage State and local governments to use the services of the students participating
(Pub. L. 107–252, title V, §501, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1717.)
§15522. Activities under Program
In carrying out the Program, the Commission (in consultation with the chief election official of each State)
shall develop materials, sponsor seminars and workshops, engage in advertising targeted at students, make grants, and
take such other actions as it considers appropriate to meet the purposes described in section 15521(b) of this title.
(b) Requirements for grant recipients
In making grants under the Program, the Commission shall ensure that the funds provided are spent for projects
and activities which are carried out without partisan bias or without promoting any particular point of view regarding
any issue, and that each recipient is governed in a balanced manner which does not reflect any partisan bias.
(c) Coordination with institutions of higher education
The Commission shall encourage institutions of higher education (including community colleges) to participate
in the Program, and shall make all necessary materials and other assistance (including materials and assistance to enable
the institution to hold workshops and poll worker training sessions) available without charge to any institution which
desires to participate in the Program.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title V, §502, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1717.)
§15523. Authorization of appropriations
In addition to any funds authorized to be appropriated to the Commission under section 15330 of this
title, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter-
(1) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2003; and
(2) such sums as may be necessary for each succeeding fiscal year.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title V, §503, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1717.)
§15531. Transfer of functions of Office of Election Administration of Federal Election Commission
There are transferred to the Election Assistance Commission established under section 15321 of this
title all functions which the Office of Election Administration, established within the Federal Election Commission,
exercised before October 29, 2002.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title VIII, §801(a), Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1725.)
§15532. Transfer of functions
There are transferred to the Election Assistance Commission established under section 15321 of this title
all functions which the Federal Election Commission exercised under section 1973gg–7(a) of this title before October 29, 2002.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title VIII, §802(a), Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1726.)
§15533. Transfer of property, records, and personnel
(a) Property and records
The contracts, liabilities, records, property, and other assets and interests of, or made available in
connection with, the offices and functions of the Federal Election Commission which are transferred by this subchapter
are transferred to the Election Assistance Commission for appropriate allocation.
(b) Personnel
The personnel employed in connection with the offices and functions of the Federal Election
Commission which are transferred by this subchapter are transferred to the Election Assistance Commission.
(2) Effect
Any full-time or part-time personnel employed in permanent positions shall not be separated
or reduced in grade or compensation because of the transfer under this subsection during the 1-year period beginning
on October 29, 2002.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title VIII, §803, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1726.)
This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this subtitle”, meaning subtitle A
(§§801–804) of title VIII of Pub. L. 107–252, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1725, which enacted this subchapter and amended
section 1973gg–7 of this title and section 438 of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of subtitle A to
the Code, see Tables.
§15534. Effective date; transition
This subchapter and the amendments made by this subchapter shall take effect upon the appointment of all
members of the Election Assistance Commission under section 15323 of this title.
(b) Transition
With the consent of the entity involved, the Election Assistance Commission is authorized to utilize the
services of such officers, employees, and other personnel of the entities from which functions have been transferred
to the Election Assistance Commission under this subchapter or the amendments made by this subchapter for such period
of time as may reasonably be needed to facilitate the orderly transfer of such functions.
(c) No effect on authorities of Office of Election Administration prior to appointment of members of Commission
During the period which begins on October 29, 2002, and ends on the effective date described in subsection (a)
of this section, the Office of Election Administration of the Federal Election Commission shall continue to have the
authority to carry out any of the functions (including the development of voluntary standards for voting systems and
procedures for the certification of voting systems) which it has the authority to carry out as of October 29, 2002.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title VIII, §804, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1726.)
This subchapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original “this title”, meaning
title VIII of Pub. L. 107–252, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1725, which enacted this subchapter, amended section 1973gg–7
of this title, section 438 of Title 2, The Congress, sections 3132 and 7323 of Title 5, Government Organization and
Employees, and section 8G of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, set out in the Appendix to Title 5,
and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 8G of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, set
out in the Appendix to Title 5. For complete classification of title VIII to the Code, see Tables.
§15541. State defined
In this chapter, the term “State” includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the United States Virgin Islands.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title IX, §901, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1727.)
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 107–252,
§15542. Audits and repayment of funds
(a) Recordkeeping requirement
Each recipient of a grant or other payment made under this chapter shall keep such records with respect to
the payment as are consistent with sound accounting principles, including records which fully disclose the amount and disposition by such recipient of funds, the total cost of the project or undertaking for which such funds are used, and
the amount of that portion of the cost of the project or undertaking supplied by other sources, and such other records
as will facilitate an effective audit.
(b) Audits and examinations
(1) Audits and examinations
Except as provided in paragraph (5), each office making a grant or other payment under this
chapter, or any duly authorized representative of such office, may audit or examine any recipient of the grant or
payment and shall have access for the purpose of audit and examination to any books, documents, papers, and records
of the recipient which in the opinion of the entity may be related or pertinent to the grant or payment.
(2) Recipients of assistance subject to provisions of section
The provisions of this section shall apply to all recipients of grants or other payments under
this chapter, whether by direct grant, cooperative agreement, or contract under this chapter or by subgrant or
subcontract from primary grantees or contractors under this chapter.
(3) Mandatory audit
In addition to audits conducted pursuant to paragraph (1), all funds provided under this
chapter shall be subject to mandatory audit by the Comptroller General at least once during the lifetime of the
program involved. For purposes of an audit under this paragraph, the Comptroller General shall have access to books,
documents, papers, and records of recipients of funds in the same manner as the office making the grant or payment
involved has access to such books, documents, papers, and records under paragraph (1).
(4) Special rule for payments by General Services Administration
With respect to any grant or payment made under this chapter by the Administrator of General
Services, the Election Assistance Commission shall be deemed to be the office making the grant or payment for purposes
(5) Special rule
In the case of grants or payments made under section 15401 of this title, audits and examinations conducted
under paragraph (1) shall be performed on a regular basis (as determined by the Commission).
(6) Special rules for audits by the Commission
In addition to the audits described in paragraph (1), the Election Assistance Commission may
conduct a special audit or special examination of a recipient described in paragraph (1) upon a vote of the Commission.
(c) Recoupment of funds
If the Comptroller General determines as a result of an audit conducted under subsection (b) of this section that-
(1) a recipient of funds under this chapter is not in compliance with each of the requirements
of the program under which the funds are provided; or
(2) an excess payment has been made to the recipient under the program,
the recipient shall pay to the office which made the grant or payment involved a portion of the funds
provided which reflects the proportion of the requirements with which the recipient is not in compliance, or the
extent to which the payment is in excess, under the program involved.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title IX, §902, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1727.)
§15543. Review and report on adequacy of existing electoral fraud statutes and penalties
(a) Review
The Attorney General shall conduct a review of existing criminal statutes concerning election offenses
to determine-
(1) whether additional statutory offenses are needed to secure the use of the Internet for
election purposes; and
(2) whether existing penalties provide adequate punishment and deterrence with respect to such offenses.
The Attorney General shall submit a report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and House of
Representatives, the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, and the Committee on House Administration
of the House of Representatives on the review conducted under subsection (a) of this section together with such
recommendations for legislative and administrative action as the Attorney General determines appropriate.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title IX, §904, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1729.)
§15544. Other criminal penalties
(a) Conspiracy to deprive voters of a fair election
Any individual who knowingly and willfully gives false information in registering or voting in violation
of section 1973i(c) of this title, or conspires with another to violate such section, shall be fined or imprisoned,
or both, in accordance with such section.
(b) False information in registering and voting
Any individual who knowingly commits fraud or knowingly makes a false statement with respect to the
naturalization, citizenry, or alien registry of such individual in violation of section 1015 of title 18 shall be
fined or imprisoned, or both, in accordance with such section.
(Pub. L. 107–252, title IX, §905, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1729.)
§15545. No effect on other laws
Except as specifically provided in section 15483(b) of this title with regard to the National Voter
Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.), nothing in this chapter may be construed to authorize or require
conduct prohibited under any of the following laws, or to supersede, restrict, or limit the application of such laws:
(1) The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.).
(2) The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee et seq.).
(3) The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff et seq.).
(4) The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.).
(5) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.).
(6) The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.).
(b) No effect on preclearance or other requirements under Voting Rights Act
The approval by the Administrator or the Commission of a payment or grant application under subchapter I
or subchapter II of this chapter, or any other action taken by the Commission or a State under such subchapter, shall
not be considered to have any effect on requirements for preclearance under section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of
1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973c) or any other requirements of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.].
(Pub. L. 107–252, title IX, §906, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1729.)
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 103–31, May 20, 1993,
107 Stat. 77, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I–H (§1973gg et seq.) of chapter 20 of this
title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1971 of this
title and Tables.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b), is Pub. L. 89–110, Aug. 6, 1965,
79 Stat. 437, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapters I–A (§1973 et seq.), I–B (§1973aa et seq.),
and I–C (§1973bb et seq.) of chapter 20 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Short Title note set out under section 1971 of this title and Tables.
The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is Pub.
L. 98–435, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1678, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I–F (§1973ee et seq.)
The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is Pub. L.
99–410, Aug. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 924, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I–G (§1973ff et seq.)
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), is Pub. L. 101–336,
July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of
this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101
of this title and Tables.
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), is Pub. L. 93–112, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 355,
as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§701 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification
of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of Title 29 and Tables.
Toll-free - (800) 253-3931
Telephone - (202) 307-2767
Fax - (202) 307-3961
Email - voting.section@usdoj.gov
Web - Complaint form
Voting Section
Room 7254 - NWB