Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8093756?dq=6480844
Timestamp: 2015-03-06 21:20:35
Document Index: 418342065

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'application No. 1999111425', 'Application No. 12', 'Application No. 12']

Patent US8093756 - AC power systems for renewable electrical energy - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsRenewable electrical energy is provided with aspects and circuitry that can harvest maximum power from an alternative electrical energy source (1) such as a string of solar panels (11) for a power grid (10). Aspects include: i) controlling electrical power creation from photovoltaic DC-AC inverter (5),...http://www.google.com/patents/US8093756?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8093756 - AC power systems for renewable electrical energyAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8093756 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/682,882PCT numberPCT/US2008/060345Publication dateJan 10, 2012Filing dateApr 15, 2008Priority dateFeb 15, 2007Also published asCA2702392A1, CA2737134A1, CN101904015A, CN101904015B, CN101904073A, CN101904073B, CN103296927A, EP2208236A1, EP2212983A1, EP2212983A4, US7605498, US7719140, US7843085, US8004116, US8242634, US8304932, US8482153, US20090218887, US20100038968, US20100229915, US20100253150, US20100308662, US20110067745, US20110285205, US20120032515, US20120104864, US20140015325, WO2009051853A1, WO2009051854A1, WO2009051870A1Publication number12682882, 682882, PCT/2008/60345, PCT/US/2008/060345, PCT/US/2008/60345, PCT/US/8/060345, PCT/US/8/60345, PCT/US2008/060345, PCT/US2008/60345, PCT/US2008060345, PCT/US200860345, PCT/US8/060345, PCT/US8/60345, PCT/US8060345, PCT/US860345, US 8093756 B2, US 8093756B2, US-B2-8093756, US8093756 B2, US8093756B2InventorsRobert M. Porter, Anatoli LedenevOriginal AssigneeAmpt, LlcExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (115), Non-Patent Citations (200), Referenced by (10), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAC power systems for renewable electrical energy
US 8093756 B2Abstract
Renewable electrical energy is provided with aspects and circuitry that can harvest maximum power from an alternative electrical energy source (1) such as a string of solar panels (11) for a power grid (10). Aspects include: i) controlling electrical power creation from photovoltaic DC-AC inverter (5), ii) operating photovoltaic DC-AC inverter (5) at maximal efficiency even when MPP would not be, iii) protecting DC-AC inverter (5) so input can vary over a range of insolation and temperature, and iv) providing dynamically reactive capability to react and assure operation, to permit differing components, to achieve code compliant dynamically reactive photovoltaic power control circuitry (41). With previously explained converters, inverter control circuitry (38) or photovoltaic power converter functionality control circuitry (8) configured as inverter sweet spot converter control circuitry (46) can achieve extraordinary efficiencies with substantially power isomorphic photovoltaic capability at 99.2% efficiency or even only wire transmission losses.
1. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation comprising the steps of:
creating a plurality of DC photovoltaic outputs from multiple alternative electrical energy sources;
establishing said DC photovoltaic outputs as DC photovoltaic inputs to a plurality of photovoltaic DC-DC power converters;
dynamically reactively converting each of said DC photovoltaic inputs to create a plurality of converted DC photovoltaic outputs for combination so as to have both a circuit configuration constrained output parameter and a circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter such combination creating a combined converted DC photovoltaic output;
dynamically reactively controlling each of said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameters through operation of each of said photovoltaic DC-DC converters while also maximum power point independently controlling operation of each of said photovoltaic DC-DC converters, each while each of said photovoltaic DC-DC converters act to convert said DC photovoltaic input into said converted DC photovoltaic output;
establishing said combined converted DC photovoltaic output to support a converted DC photovoltaic input to a photovoltaic DC-AC inverter; and
inverting said converted DC photovoltaic input into a photovoltaic AC power output.
2. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 1 wherein said step of dynamically reactively controlling each said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of a photovoltaic DC-DC converter comprises the step of multisource dynamically reactively controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
3. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 2 wherein said step of multisource dynamically reactively controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter comprises the step of controlling a series connected photovoltaic converter voltage output through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
4. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 2 wherein said step of multisource dynamically reactively controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter comprises the step of controlling a parallel connected photovoltaic converter current output through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
5. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 1 wherein said step of dynamically reactively controlling each said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter comprises the step of code compliantly dynamically reactively controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
6. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 5 wherein said step of code compliantly dynamically reactively controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter comprises the step of slavedly dynamically reactively controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
7. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 6 wherein said step of slavedly dynamically reactively controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter comprises the step of slavedly code compliantly dynamically reactively controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
8. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 1 wherein said step of creating a plurality of DC photovoltaic outputs from multiple alternative electrical energy source comprises the step of creating outputs from a plurality of electrically connected solar panels.
9. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 8 wherein said step of dynamically reactively converting each said DC photovoltaic input further comprises the step of individual dedicated panel converting a DC photovoltaic input from each of said plurality of solar panels.
10. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 9 wherein said step of maximum power point independently controlling operation of each said photovoltaic DC-DC converter comprises the step of individual dedicated maximum photovoltaic power point converting a DC photovoltaic input from each of said plurality of solar panels.
11. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 10 wherein said step of dynamically reactively converting each said DC photovoltaic input comprises the step of physically integrally converting said DC photovoltaic input for individual solar panels.
12. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 8 and further comprising the step of serially connecting a plurality of photovoltaic DC-DC power converters to serially connect outputs having voltage as said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter.
13. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 8 and further comprising the step of parallel connecting a plurality of photovoltaic DC-DC power converters to parallel connect outputs having current as said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter.
14. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 1 wherein said step of creating a plurality of DC photovoltaic outputs from multiple alternative electrical energy sources comprises the step of creating a DC photovoltaic output from each of a plurality of solar panels arranged in a photovoltaic array; and wherein said step of dynamically reactively controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter comprises the step of dynamically reactively individual panel controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
15. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 14 wherein said step of dynamically reactively individual panel controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter comprises the step of code compliantly dynamically reactively individual panel controlling said circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter through operation of said photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
16. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 1 and further comprising the step of switching solar power conversion between a first power capability and a second power capability.
17. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 16 wherein said step of switching solar power conversion between a first power capability and a second power capability comprises the step of switching between the steps of traditionally power converting said DC photovoltaic input and improved power converting said DC photovoltaic input.
18. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 1 and further comprising a step of duty cycle switching said DC-AC inverter selected from a group consisting of:
maximum photovoltaic voltage determinatively duty cycle switching a photovoltaic DC-AC inverter; and
photovoltaic inverter maximum current determinatively duty cycle switching a photovoltaic DC-AC inverter.
19. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 1 and further comprising the step of maximum photovoltaic power point duty cycle switching a photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
20. A method of dynamically reactive renewable electrical energy power creation as described in claim 1 and further comprising the step of photovoltaic inverter maximum current determinatively duty cycle switching a photovoltaic DC-DC converter. Description
This application is the United States National Stage of International Application No. PCT/US2008/060345, filed Apr. 15, 2008, which claims benefit of and priority to prior International Application No. PCT/US2008/057105, filed Mar. 14, 2008, and which claims benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/980,157, filed Oct. 15, 2007, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/982,053, filed Oct. 23, 2007, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/986,979, filed Nov. 9, 2007; and International Application No. PCT/US2008/057105, filed Mar. 14, 2008, claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/980,157, filed Oct. 15, 2007, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/982,053, filed Oct. 23, 2007, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/986,979, filed Nov. 9, 2007; each hereby incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to the technical field of alternative energy, specifically, methods and apparatus for creating electrical power from some type of alternative energy source to make it available for use in a variety of applications. Through perhaps four different aspects, the invention provides techniques and circuitry that can be used to harvest power at high efficiency from an alternative energy source such as a solar panel, or a sea of strings of panels so that this power can be provided for AC use, perhaps for transfer to a power grid or the like. These four aspects can exist perhaps independently and relate to: 1) controlling electrical power creation with an inverter, 2) operating an inverter at its maximal efficiency even when a solar panel's maximum power point would not be at that level, 3) protecting an inverter, and even 4) providing a system that can react and assure operation for differing components and perhaps even within code limitations or the like.
Renewable electrical energy that is electrical energy created from alternative sources such as those that are environmentally compatible and perhaps sourced from easily undisruptively available sources such as solar, wind, geothermal or the like is highly desirable. Considering, but not limiting, the example of solar power this is almost obvious. For years, solar power has been touted as one of the most promising for our increasingly industrialized society. Even though the amount of solar power theoretically available far exceeds most, if not all, other energy sources (alternative or not), there remain practical challenges to utilizing this energy. In general, solar power remains subject to a number of limitations that have kept it from fulfilling the promise it holds. In one regard, it has been a challenge to implement in a manner that provides adequate electrical output as compared to its cost. The present invention addresses an important aspect of this in a manner that significantly increases the ability to cost-effectively permit solar power to be electrically harnessed so that an AC output may be a cost-effective source of electrical power whether it be provided for internal use or for public consumption, such as feedback to a grid or the like.
As mentioned with respect to the field of invention, the invention includes a variety of aspects, which may be combined in different ways. The following descriptions are provided to list elements and describe some of the embodiments of the present invention. These elements are listed with initial embodiments, however it should be understood that they may be combined in any manner and in any number to create additional embodiments. The variously described examples and preferred embodiments should not be construed to limit the present invention to only the explicitly described systems, techniques, and applications. Further, this description should be understood to support and encompass descriptions and claims of all the various embodiments, systems, techniques, methods, devices, and applications with any number of the disclosed elements, with each element alone, and also with any and all various permutations and combinations of all elements in this or any subsequent application.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a conversion system according to one embodiment of the invention for a single representative solar source.
As mentioned above, the invention discloses a variety of aspects that may be considered independently or in combination with others. Initial understanding begins with the fact that one embodiment of a renewable electrical energy AC power system according to the present invention may combine any of the following concepts and circuits including: an inverter controlled system to at least some extent, a maximal efficiency inverter operational capability, a protected inverter alternative AC energy system, a dynamically reactive photovoltaic system, and an engineered code compliant alternative energy system. Aspects may include a very high efficiency photovoltaic converter, a multimodal photovoltaic converter, slaved systems, and even output voltage and/or output current protected system. Each of these should be understood from a general sense as well as through embodiments that display initial applications for implementation. Some initial benefits of each of these aspects are discussed individually and in combination in the following discussion as well as how each represents a class of topologies, rather than just those initially disclosed.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, individual alternative electrical energy sources (1) (here shown as solar energy sources�whether at a cell, panel, or module level) may be combined to create a series of electrically connected sources. Such combinations may be responsive through either series or parallel connections. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the connected plurality may form a string of electrically connected items, perhaps such as a string of electrically connected solar panels (11). As shown in FIG. 2, each of these strings may themselves be a component to a much larger combination perhaps forming a photovoltaic array (12) or even a sea of combined solar energy sources. By either physical or electrical layout, certain of these cells, panels, or strings may be adjacent in that they may be exposed to somewhat similar electrical, mechanical, environmental, solar exposure (or insolative) conditions. In situations where large arrays or seas are provided, it may be desirable to include a high voltage DC-AC solar power inverter perhaps with a three phase high voltage inverted AC photovoltaic output as schematically illustrated in FIG. 2.
Another aspect of the invention is the possibility of the inverter controlling the output of the converter. Traditionally, the inverter has been viewed as a passive recipient of whatever the converter needs to output. In sharp contrast, embodiments of the present invention may involve having the DC-AC inverter (5) control the output of the DC-DC converter (4). As mentioned in more detail below, this may be accomplished by duty cycle switching the DC-AC inverter (5) perhaps through operation of the inverter control circuitry (38). This duty cycle switching can act to cause the output of the DC-DC converter (4) (which itself may have its own operation duty cycle switched to achieve MPP operation) to alter by load or otherwise so that it is at precisely the level the DC-AC inverter (5) wants. As mentioned above, this may be achieved by a direct control input or, for preferred embodiments of the invention may be achieved by simply alter an effect until the converter's DC photovoltaic output (6) and thus the inverter input (29) are as desired. This can be considered as one manner of photovoltaic inverter sourced converting within such a system. With this as but one example of operation, it should be understood that, in general, a control may be considered inverter sourced or derived from conditions or functions or circuitry associated with the DC-AC inverter (5) and thus embodiments of the invention may include inverter sourced photovoltaic power conversion output control circuitry within or associated with the inverter control circuitry (38).
Also contributing to the overall system efficiency advantage in some embodiments can be the use of electrically connecting panels in a series string so the current through each power conditioner (PC) (17) output may be the same but the output voltage of each PC may be proportional to the amount of power its panel makes together with an MPP per panel capability. Consider the following examples to further disclose the functioning of such series connected embodiments. Examine the circuit of FIG. 5 and compare it to panels simply connected in series (keep in mind that the simple series connection may have a reverse diode across it). First, assume there are four panels in series each producing 100 volts and 1 amp feeding an inverter with its input set to 400 volts. This gives 400 watts output using either approach. Now consider the result of one panel making 100 volts and 0.8 amps (simulating partial shading�less light simply means less current). For the series connection the 0.8 amps flows through each panel making the total power 400�0.8=320 watts. Now consider the circuit of FIG. 5. First, the total power would be 380 watts as each panel is making its own MPP. And of course, as a person of ordinary skill in the art well understands, the current from each Power Conditioner (as this circuit configuration constrained output parameter) must be the same as they are after all still connected in series. But with known power from each PC the voltage may be calculated as:
the three full power voltages plus the 0.8 power voltages sum to 400 volts. Thus, it can be seen that in this embodiment, three of the panels may have 105.3 volts and one may have 84.2 volts.
The advantage of this type of a configuration is illustrated from a second example of MPP operation. This example is one to illustrate where one panel is shaded such that it can now only produce 0.5 amps. For the series connected string, with as a person of ordinary skill in the art well understands, current as the circuit configuration constrained output parameter and voltage as the circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter (opposite for a parallel configuration), the three panels producing 1 amp may completely reverse bias the panel making 0.5 amps causing the reverse diode to conduct. There may even be only power coming from three of the panels and this may total 300 watts. Again for an embodiment circuit of invention, each PC may be producing MPP totaling 350 watts. The voltage calculation would this time be:
the three full power voltages plus the 0.5 power voltage sum to 400 volts. This, in this instance, the three panels may have a voltage of 114.2 volts and the remaining one may have half as much, or 57.1 volts. These are basic examples to illustrate some advantages. In an actual PV string today there may be many PV panels in series. And usually none of them make exactly the same power. Thus, many panels may become back biased and most may even produce less than their individual MPP. As discussed below, such configurations can also be configured to include voltage limits and/or protection perhaps by setting operational boundaries. Importantly, however, output voltage can be seen as proportional to PV panel output power thus yielding a better result to be available to the DC-AC inverter (5) for use in its inversion. Now, when the DC-AC inverter (5) is also able to be operated at its sweet spot, as would occur when independently controlling the circuit configuration unconstrained output parameter independent of MPP, it can efficiently invert the individualized MPP energy pulled from the sea of panels or the like for the overall system efficiency gains mentioned.
While in theory or in normal operation the described circuits work fine, there can be additional requirements for a system to have practical function. For example the dual mode circuit (described in more detail in the priority applications) could go to infinite output voltage if there were no load present. This situation can actually occur frequently. Consider the situation in the morning when the sun first strikes a PV panel string with power conditioners (17). There may be no grid connection at this point and the inverter section may not draw any power. In this case the power conditioner (17) might in practical terms increase its output voltage until the inverter would break. The inverter could have overvoltage protection on its input adding additional power conversion components or, the power conditioner may simply have its own internal output voltage limit. For example if each power conditioner (17) could only produce 100 volts maximum and there was a string of ten PCs in series the maximum output voltage would be 1000 volts. This output voltage limit could make the grid-tied inverter less complex or costly and is illustrated in FIG. 6A as a preset overvoltage limit. Thus embodiments can present maximum voltage determinative switching photovoltaic power conversion control circuitry and maximum photovoltaic voltage determinative duty cycle switching (as shown in FIG. 6A as the preset overvoltage limit). This can be inverter specific and so an additional aspect of embodiments of the invention can be the inclusion of inverter protection schemes. The operation over the potentially vast ranges of temperatures, insolations, and even panel conditions or characteristics can cause such significant variations in voltage and current because when trying to maintain one parameter (such as sweet spot voltage or the like), some of these variations can cause another parameter (such as output current or the like) to exceed an inverter, building code, or otherwise acceptable level. Embodiments of the present invention can account for these aspects as well and may even provide this through the DC-DC power converter (4) and/or the DC-AC inverter (5) thus including inverter protection photovoltaic power conversion control circuitry (33) at either or both levels. Considering output, input, voltage and current limitations as initial examples, it can be understood that embodiments can provide the steps of providing photovoltaic inverter protection power conversion control and even controlling a limited photovoltaic converter current output through operation of the photovoltaic DC-DC converter (4). These may be configured with consideration of maximum inverter inputs and converter outputs so there can be included maximum inverter input converter output control circuitry (37), maximum inverter voltage determinative switching photovoltaic power conversion control circuitry, or also the step of controlling a maximum inverter input converter output. As alluded to above, each of these more generic types of capabilities and elements as well as others can be provided in a slaved manner so that either they themselves are subservient to or dominant over another function and thus embodiments can provide slaved photovoltaic power control circuitry (34). As sometimes indicated in FIG. 1, such slaved photovoltaic power control circuitry (34) (as well as various other functions as a person of ordinary skill would readily understand) can be provided at either the photovoltaic DC-DC power converter (4), the DC-AC inverter (5), or both, or elsewhere. These can include converter current output limited photovoltaic power control circuitry, converter voltage output limited photovoltaic power control circuitry, or the like. Thus, embodiments can have slaved photovoltaic inverter protection control circuitry, or more specifically, slaved photovoltaic current level control circuitry or slaved photovoltaic voltage level control circuitry, or may provide the steps of slavedly providing photovoltaic inverter protection control of the photovoltaic DC-AC inverter (5), slavedly controlling current from the photovoltaic DC-DC converter (4), or the like. Considering such voltage and current limits, it can be understood that system may more generally be considered as including photovoltaic boundary condition power conversion control circuitry and as providing the step of photovoltaic boundary condition power conversion control. Thus, as illustrated in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 8, boundary conditions may be set such as the overcurrent limit and the overvoltage limit. And the DC-AC inverter (5), the photovoltaic DC-DC converter (4), and/or either or both of their control circuitries may serve as photovoltaic boundary condition converter functionality control circuitry, may achieve a photovoltaic boundary condition modality of photovoltaic DC-DC power conversion, and may accomplish the step of controlling a photovoltaic boundary condition of the photovoltaic DC-DC converter.
With regard to claims whether now or later presented for examination, it should be understood that for practical reasons and so as to avoid great expansion of the examination burden, the applicant may at any time present only initial claims or perhaps only initial claims with only initial dependencies. The office and any third persons interested in potential scope of this or subsequent applications should understand that broader claims may be presented at a later date in this case, in a case claiming the benefit of this case, or in any continuation in spite of any preliminary amendments, other amendments, claim language, or arguments presented, thus throughout the pendency of any case there is no intention to disclaim or surrender any potential subject matter. Both the examiner and any person otherwise interested in existing or later potential coverage, or considering if there has at any time been any possibility of an indication of disclaimer or surrender of potential coverage, should be aware that in the absence of explicit statements, no such surrender or disclaimer is intended or should be considered as existing in this or any subsequent application.
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