Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7660388?dq=7,446,777
Timestamp: 2017-04-24 22:40:05
Document Index: 222133770

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.\n2', 'art 200', 'art 200', 'art 200', 'art 200', 'art 200', 'art 200', 'art 404', 'art 404']

Patent US7660388 - Integrated carry-on baggage cart and passenger screening station - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention is directed towards apparatuses and methods for securing a location. Particularly, the present invention is directed towards methods, apparatuses, and integrated systems for the screening of individual passengers and their corresponding carry-on baggage carts with improved throughput,...http://www.google.com/patents/US7660388?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7660388 - Integrated carry-on baggage cart and passenger screening stationAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7660388 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/171,343Publication dateFeb 9, 2010Filing dateJul 11, 2008Priority dateJan 10, 2005Fee statusPaidAlso published asEP1856511A2, EP1856511A4, US7418077, US20070003009, US20080267350, US20090041186, US20100158191, WO2006074431A2, WO2006074431A3Publication number12171343, 171343, US 7660388 B2, US 7660388B2, US-B2-7660388, US7660388 B2, US7660388B2InventorsStephen J. GrayOriginal AssigneeRapiscan Security Products, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (17), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetIntegrated carry-on baggage cart and passenger screening station
US 7660388 B2Abstract
The present invention is directed towards apparatuses and methods for securing a location. Particularly, the present invention is directed towards methods, apparatuses, and integrated systems for the screening of individual passengers and their corresponding carry-on baggage carts with improved throughput, efficiency, and quality. In addition, the current invention is directed towards a carry-on baggage cart specifically designed for the disclosed integrated carry-on baggage cart and passenger screening system of the present invention.
1. A system for conducting security comprising;
an X-ray scanning system having an entrance;
a screening cart having a frame assembly, computer, and display for receiving and displaying passenger information;
a conveyor to direct a screening cart passing through the X-ray scanning system; and
a reader to associate a person to be screened with said screening cart.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the frame assembly has collapsible legs.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the legs of the frame assembly are collapsed prior to being transported by said conveyor.
4. The system of claim 2 wherein the legs of the frame assembly are expanded after being transported by said conveyor.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the frame assembly physically complements the entrance and an internal configuration of said X-ray scanning system.
6. The system of claim 1 further comprising a module to integrate data collected from both the X-ray scanning system and passenger screening device to generate overall threat assessment.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein said X-ray scanning system comprises a radiation source and a detector array.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein said radiation source is a dual energy source.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein the screening cart is comprised of an X-ray transmissive material.
10. The system of claim 1 further comprising an integrated screening station comprising a central server, a processor and a memory in data communication with the X-ray scanning system and the passenger screening device.
11. A system for conducting security comprising;
a CT scanning system having an entrance;
a conveyor to direct a screening cart passing through the CT scanning system; and
12. The system of claim 11 wherein the frame assembly has collapsible legs.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the legs of the frame assembly are collapsed prior to being transported by said conveyor.
14. The system of claim 12 wherein the legs of the frame assembly are expanded after being transported by said conveyor.
15. The system of claim 11 wherein the frame assembly physically complements the entrance and an internal configuration of said CT scanning system.
16. The system of claim 11 wherein the screening cart is comprised of an X-ray transmissive material.
17. The system of claim 11 further comprising an integrated screening station comprising a central server, a processor and a memory in data communication with the CT scanning system and the passenger screening device. Description
The present invention is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/364,926, filed on Mar. 1, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,418,077 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/032,314, filed on Jan. 10, 2005.
The present invention relates to an apparatus for, and a method of, securing a location. More specifically, the present invention is a method, apparatus, and integrated system for screening of individual passengers and their corresponding carry-on baggage carts with improved throughput, efficiency, and quality. The present invention also relates to a carry-on baggage cart specifically designed for the disclosed integrated carry-on baggage cart and passenger screening system.
Locations must often be secured to ensure public safety and welfare. For example, places where there are large concentrations of people, such as airports or entertainment events, places that are of particular governmental importance, such as courthouses and government buildings, and other places where the threat of violence is high, such as prisons, require security measures to thwart dangerous or illegal activities. The primary security objective is to prevent the unauthorized entry of weapons, dangerous materials, illegal items, or other contraband into the location, thereby securing it. This is often achieved by requiring all people and items to enter into the location through defined checkpoints and, in those checkpoints, subjecting those people and items to thorough searches.
In addition, screening checkpoints used in current security systems predominately operate using a single input and single output line approach. Each item must be thoroughly and individually scanned in the conventional systems. The complex security protocols being instituted require individuals to have each of their belongings, including laptops, shoes, coats, mobile phones, keys and other items, scanned by an X-ray scanner. It takes a considerable amount of time for individuals to divest themselves of their belongings and to remove laptops from their cases. This divestiture process tends to happen serially with individuals waiting in line until they have access to the machine. Contributing to the lag associated with the divestiture process, current systems employ a single conveyor belt, upon which each of the individual passenger items must be placed in order for the items to pass through the x-ray machine. Once the items are scanned, they accumulate on the opposite side of the scanning machine, thus creating “traffic” on the belt until retrieved by the passenger/owner. The belt must often be stopped by the operator to prevent the backlog of unclaimed baggage from reversing into the x-ray machine.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,357,535, assigned to Scan-Tech Security, L.P., discloses an “apparatus for inspecting an article comprising a longitudinally extending cabinet having top and bottom walls, oppositely disposed side walls, and oppositely disposed end walls; a longitudinally extending slot-like opening in said cabinet adjacent a corresponding edge of said top wall and a side wall; an entrance opening at one portion of said cabinet and an exit opening at another portion of said cabinet, said entrance opening and said exit opening connecting with said longitudinal opening so that a hand-held suspended article can be passed in said cabinet by a person holding said article outside said cabinet; means arranged within said cabinet for generating sensing radiation in a direction transversely to movement of said hand-held article; and means for detecting said radiation after passage through said article and for recording resulting information.” More specifically, the '535 patent describes an inspection system for simultaneously inspecting hand carried articles and providing metal detection of the person carrying said articles. Metal detection of the person is accomplished independently by walking through a metal detector arch.
In addition to the lag associated with the divestiture process, current systems employ a single conveyor belt, upon which each of the individual passenger items must be placed in order for the items to pass through the x-ray machine. Once the items are scanned, they accumulate on the opposite side of the scanning machine, thus creating “traffic” on the belt until retrieved by the owner. The resultant scanned baggage belonging to passengers that have been selected for additional hand searching wait at the X-ray system's exit conveyor until those passengers are thoroughly searched. Thus, the bags are left on the conveyor for approximately at least 1.5-2.0 minutes, thereby causing a back-up that forces the X-ray machine operator to have to wait until such back-up is cleared. The belt must often be stopped by the operator to prevent the backlog of unclaimed baggage from reversing into the x-ray machine.
Despite these prior art efforts to improve methods, apparatuses, and systems for scanning carry-on baggage, the abovementioned problems have not been solved. The prior art methods fail to disclose methods and systems that alleviate delay during the divestiture process. In addition, the prior art does not improve the overall efficiency and throughput of the system.
The present invention is directed toward an integrated security checkpoint that can screen both individual passengers and carry-on carts containing their baggage. The methods, apparatuses, and systems of the present invention enable the efficient scanning of both individual passengers and their respective carry-on carts in the same secure area by providing individual passengers with a screening cart, permitting passengers to send the screening cart through an X-ray imaging machine, and permitting passengers to walk through an adjacent metal detector where, once cleared, the individual passenger can retrieve his or her screening cart.
In one embodiment, the carry-on cart employed in the present invention may further comprise a cover. In one embodiment, the cover further comprises a roll-top or netting. In one embodiment, the cover automatically locks when the passenger closes it after he finishes the divestiture process. In one embodiment, after the scanning process is complete, the passenger can “unlock” the cart cover by simply waving the bar code on his boarding pass underneath the bar code reader that is fixedly attached to the small computer on the cart.
The present invention is directed towards a high throughput screening system that improves the efficiency, technique, and quality of passenger and carry-on baggage scanning at secure locations. Although the system of the present invention has many applications, an exemplary embodiment will be described with particular reference to its application to an airport security system. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate the present invention may be applied to a plurality of other security environments, including prisons, government buildings, other buildings requiring secured access, and entertainment venues.
As used here, the term “baggage” refers to any type of carry-on item as is conventionally allowed in various locations, including, but not limited to smaller sized luggage, laptop cases, purses, briefcases, umbrellas, handbags, large coats, and in some cases, shoes. Generally, these items are required to be removed from the individual prior to entrance into the metal detector area. In addition, while the terms “individual” and “passenger” are used interchangeably, it is to be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that any living entity may be screened for any reason in the metal detector portion of the system of the present invention and constitutes an individual or passenger.
FIG. 1 illustrates a top perspective view of one embodiment and functional layout of an integrated carry-on baggage cart and individual passenger screening station 100, facilitating thorough screening of both carry-on baggage placed on the cart and passengers. Integrated screening station 100 comprises a central server 101 (not shown), which has a processor 101 a (not shown) and a memory 101 b (not shown) in data communication with at least two screening devices. In one embodiment, the two screening devices comprise an X-ray imaging system 102, such as a C-frame X-ray imaging system, and passenger screening metal detector 103. X-ray baggage screening system 102 is designed to accept carry-on baggage carts, as will be described in further detail below. One of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate that a plurality of screening devices may be incorporated in the system without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Processor 101 a can execute a plurality of different calculations, processes, and/or algorithms to evaluate the assessment data received from the plurality of devices. In one embodiment, the assessment data is evaluated according to a fuzzy logic algorithm based upon rules established governing the meaning of individual features. Alternately, a neural network may be employed to evaluate the data. Alternatively, the data may be evaluated by an automated classification system.
The abovementioned approaches of threat evaluation improve the level of security because data from multiple screening devices can be integrated to determine if a threat level exists. In particular, the integration of data from multiple screening devices aids in efficiently handling circumstances whereby an individual is cleared by each screening device independently but, in combination, represents a sufficient threat requiring subsequent analysis.
Each screening device has an associated memory and processing power that is used to evaluate the threat level associated with an entity, being scanned or detected, and to determine the value of assessment data to be transferred preferably to central server and/or other devices. Thus, central server 101 optionally aggregates data received from the plurality of screening devices 102 and 103, and uses a set of pre-defined processes to determine the overall threat level associated with the scanned entity. Once determined, an alarm, status signal, or other threat indicator information is communicated to an indicator system (not shown). One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that central server 101 could optionally be physically combined with one of the screening devices and need not be independent or separate from any or all of the devices.
Assessment data is received by the central server 101 from the employed screening devices, via a transceiver, into memory 101 b. Preferably, each device, including X-ray imaging system 102, metal detector 103, and optional devices, such as but not limited to, a trace detector, are capable of transmitting data in a real-time manner to the central server 101 and/or every other device present in the system. Memory 101 b is in data communication with a processor 101 a capable of executing code to determine a total threat level based upon the individual device assessment data received. The memory 101 b and processor 101 a may be incorporated into one of the screening devices or be embodied in central server 101 that is in data communication with the plurality of screening devices.
In an exemplary embodiment the carry-on baggage cart or screening cart is of a three-dimensional (3-D) configuration allowing it to fit and thus pass through the preferably custom-designed entry gate of the C-framed X-ray imaging system implemented in accordance with the present invention and as described in further detail with respect to FIG. 3. Preferably, the screening cart is substantially a frame assembly and designed to physically complement the entry gate and internal configuration of the X-ray system. In one embodiment, the carry-on baggage cart comprises a novel “C”-configuration and fits into a “C”-configured entry gate of the X-ray imaging system thereby traversing the inspection area of the X-ray imaging system. A “C” configuration of the carry-on baggage cart also keeps the members or bars comprising the frame assembly of the cart away from the X-ray path, thus facilitating appropriate positioning of the carry-on items that are placed upon it. This, in turn, assists in accurate scanning of the contents of the carry-on baggage cart via X-ray, thus leading to the capturing, storing, processing and development of complete X-ray images.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a perspective view of an exemplary carry-on baggage cart as used in the present invention is depicted. Carry-on baggage cart 200 comprises a substantially connected frame assembly with substantially rectangular base 205 and substantially rectangular drawer (or bin or tray) 210, integrally connected by connecting vertical arm 215, thus forming a “C”-shape frame assembly. Preferably carry-on baggage cart 200 is of the following material and constructional specifications: rigid and lightweight metallic material such as, but not limited to, stainless steel or aluminum. A person of ordinary skill would appreciate that the materials used for the cart are not limited to the abovementioned metallic materials and can be easily adjusted to suit varied operational requirements and specifications.
Although cart 200 is preferably constructed in the form of a three-dimensional “C”-shape, a variety of other design approaches may be adopted for the construction of the carry-on baggage cart and its corresponding X-ray screening system and are readily apparent to persons of ordinary skill in the art.
In one embodiment, carry-on baggage cart 200 comprises a three-dimensional “C”-shaped frame assembly. Carry-on baggage cart 200 comprises base 205 and drawer 210 integrally connected by vertical connecting arm 215. Cart base 205 preferably comprises wheels 220 a, 220 b, 220 c, and 220 d. While it is preferred that carry-on baggage cart 200 is propelled via wheels, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that any other conveyance mechanism may be employed in the present invention. Cart base 205 further comprises four side bars or members 205 a, 205 b, 205 c, and 205 d which are laterally connected to one another. Side members 205 a, 205 b, 205 c, and 205 d may optionally be connected to a floor base 205 e (not shown). Side members 205 a and 205 d are preferably parallel to each other. Side members 205 b and 205 c are preferably parallel to each other. Side member 205 a is preferably perpendicular to side members 205 b and 205 c. Side member 205 d is also preferably perpendicular to side members 205 b and 205 c, thus forming a rectangular base.
As shown in FIG. 3 c, the X-ray imaging system 300 comprises detector array 310. FIG. 3 c is a two-dimensional side perspective view of the X-ray imaging machine shown in FIG. 3 a. Preferably, detector array 310 is an “L”-shaped array, as shown. Detectors 310 may be formed by a stack of crystals that generate analog signals when X-rays impinge upon them, with the signal strength proportional to the amount of beam attenuation in the object under inspection. In one embodiment, the X-ray beam detector arrangement consists of a linear array of solid-state detectors of the crystal-diode type. A typical arrangement uses cadmium tungstate scintillating crystals to absorb the X-rays transmitted through the OUI and to convert the absorbed X-rays into photons of visible light. Crystals such as bismuth germinate, sodium iodide, or other suitable crystals may be alternatively used as known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. The crystals can be directly coupled to a suitable detector, such as a photodiode or photo-multiplier. The detector photodiodes could be linearly arranged, which through unity-gain devices, provide advantages over photo-multipliers in terms of operating range, linearity and detector-to-detector matching. In another embodiment, an area detector is used as an alternative to linear array detectors. Such an area detector could be a scintillating strip, such as cesium iodide or other materials known in the art, viewed by a suitable camera or optically coupled to a charge-coupled device (CCD).
Referring to FIG. 4, the operational aspects of the inspection area entrance in one embodiment of the integrated carry-on cart and passenger screening station 400 (not shown in its entirety) of the present invention is illustrated. An exemplary carry-on baggage cart or screening cart 404 of the present invention is shown just before it is guided via guide rail conveyance mechanism 401 into the custom-designed entrance 403 of the X-ray imaging system 402. Custom-designed entrance 403 is preferably formed in the same shape as its corresponding screening cart 404. In one embodiment, the entrance to the X-ray imaging system 402 defines a “C”-shaped opening so that the preferred “C”-shaped carry-on baggage cart design, described with respect to FIG. 2 above, is easily guided through the system via guide rail conveyance mechanism 401.
As described with respect to FIG. 3 above, the X-rays are filtered and collimated as they are emitted from the radiation source (not shown in FIG. 4). Subsequently, these rays pass through the contents of the carry-on baggage cart and are then detected by the X-ray detectors (not shown in FIG. 4). The X-rays are then captured by an image intensifier and displayed on a monitor. Further, the captured image is stored in a memory for later processing in order to develop a final image. In one embodiment, the images may be viewed by security personnel. In another embodiment, the images may be “pre-screened” by a computer using mathematically based image processing algorithms. In the event the computer does not detect a threat, the cart is “cleared” immediately. If a potential threat is detected, then the image is sent to a workstation where security personnel can view the image and make a determination of whether the articles in the cart need to be hand searched.
In one embodiment, instead of collecting the scanned items from the collection point corresponding to the entry point used for depositing the items, the user can collect his items from any collection point by swiping his boarding card through the machine installed at that collection point. The term “scanned item”, as used here refers to the carry-on baggage cart with passenger belongings on it, but it not limited to such interpretation.
Metal detector 500 may preferably comprise an associated processor 505 (not shown) and a memory 506 (not shown). Optionally, metal detector 500 has an embedded counter incorporated into processor 505 that records and stores the number of people that pass through the metal detector 500 in a given period of time.
In another embodiment of the integrated carry-on baggage cart and passenger screening station, facilitating screening of both carry-on luggage placed on the screening cart and individual passengers, a computed tomography (CT) scanner is employed. Thus, the corresponding carry-on baggage cart is designed to facilitate screening via non-“C” shaped scanners, such as, but not limited to CT scanners. In addition, the corresponding carry-on baggage cart is X-ray transmissive to allow for the CT scanner system to scan completely around the cart. While the second embodiment is described with respect to an integrated carry-on baggage cart and passenger screening station in which a CT scanner is employed, it is to be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that this invention is not limited to such uses, but that any scanning device or mechanism may be used.
Referring now to FIG. 8, a conventional CT scanner typically includes a radiation source 801 and a detector array 802. Both radiation source 801 and detector array 802 rotate circumferentially or 360° around object 803 while in scanning operation. Thus, images are obtained from all angles as streams of light are transmitted throughout object 803. The scanner then uses these images to create detailed cross-sectional slices, or tomographs, of specific areas.
Inside the CT chamber, an object is virtually “divided” into three-dimensional units called “voxels.” The “voxels” are then used to determine specific object densities and volumes. Based upon density and volume values, the software uses a database with already known values to automatically correlate the mass characteristics of luggage contents to those of potential explosives. If the system finds a match, it alerts the operator, by highlighting suspect areas within the CT slice.
As previously mentioned, the process of CT scanning involves a complete circumferential (360°) rotation by the illuminating source and detectors about the object under inspection. In order to allow irradiation and imaging from all angles, the carry-on baggage cart is designed to be completely X-ray transmissive. Preferably, the entire cart, including legs, wheels, and handle is manufactured using a suitable X-ray transmissive material or combination thereof. Such X-ray transmissive materials include, but are not limited to, carbon fiber or transparent synthetic resin, or any other sturdy plastic.
In step 1230, after the scanning process is complete, the carry-on cart may be released to the associated passenger if the identification received by the cart matches that associated with the cart. If the carry-on baggage cart is positively identified with a particular passenger, then in an optional step 1235, the carry-on cart is unlocked. The passenger can “unlock” the cart cover by simply waving the bar code on his boarding pass underneath the bar code reader that is fixedly attached to the small computer on the cart.
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date: 20090115Owner name: RAPISCAN SYSTEMS, INC.,CALIFORNIAFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:RAPISCAN SECURITY PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022222/0844Effective date: 20090115Oct 19, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS ADMINISFree format text: NOTICE OF GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:RAPISCAN SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:025150/0944Effective date: 20070727Sep 4, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 4, 2013SULPSurcharge for late paymentRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services