Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title22-chapter75&saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUyMi1zZWN0aW9uNjc3MQ%3D%3D%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2019-07-20 01:49:29
Document Index: 220985872

Matched Legal Cases: ['§3', '§225', '§18', '§1', '§6721', '§301', '§6722', '§302', '§6723', '§303', '§305', '§1204', '§1000', '§1117', '§6724', '§304', '§1204', '§6725', '§305', '§6726', '§306', '§6727', '§307', '§6728', '§309', '§6729', '§310', '§6741', '§401', '§6742', '§402', '§6743', '§403', '§6744', '§404', '§6745', '§405', '§6761', '§501', '§6762', '§502', '§6763', '§503', '§6771', '§602']

[USC02] 22 USC Ch. 75: CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION IMPLEMENTATION
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22 USC Ch. 75: CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION IMPLEMENTATION
CHAPTER 75—CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION IMPLEMENTATION
(1) Chemical weapon
The term "chemical weapon" means the following, together or separately:
(2) Chemical Weapons Convention; Convention
The terms "Chemical Weapons Convention" and "Convention" mean the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, opened for signature on January 13, 1993.
(3) Key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system
The term "key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system" means the precursor which plays the most important role in determining the toxic properties of the final product and reacts rapidly with other chemicals in the binary or multicomponent system.
(4) National of the United States
The term "national of the United States" has the same meaning given such term in section 1101(a)(22) of title 8.
The term "Organization" means the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
The term "person", except as otherwise provided, means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, any State or any political subdivision thereof, or any political entity within a State, any foreign government or nation or any agency, instrumentality or political subdivision of any such government or nation, or other entity located in the United States.
(7) Precursor
The term "precursor" means any chemical reactant which takes part at any stage in the production by whatever method of a toxic chemical. The term includes any key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system.
(B) List of precursors
(8) Purposes not prohibited by this chapter
The term "purposes not prohibited by this chapter" means the following:
(A) Peaceful purposes
(B) Protective purposes
(C) Unrelated military purposes
Any military purpose of the United States that is not connected with the use of a chemical weapon and that is not dependent on the use of the toxic or poisonous properties of the chemical weapon to cause death or other harm.
(D) Law enforcement purposes
(9) Technical Secretariat
The term "Technical Secretariat" means the Technical Secretariat of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons established by the Chemical Weapons Convention.
(10) Schedule 1 chemical agent
The term "Schedule 1 chemical agent" means any of the following, together or separately:
(A) O-Alkyl (≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) alkyl
(e.g. Sarin: O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate Soman: O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate).
(B) O-Alkyl (≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) N,N-dialkyl
(C) O-Alkyl (H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) S-2-dialkyl
(Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphonothiolates and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts
(e.g. VX: O-Ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methyl phosphonothiolate).
Mustard gas: (Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide 1
Lewisite 3: Tris(2-clorovinyl)arsine.
(J) O-Alkyl (H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl)O-2-dialkyl
e.g. QL: O-Ethyl O-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonite.
(11) Schedule 2 chemical agent
The term "Schedule 2 chemical agent" means the following, together or separately:
(A) Amiton: O,O-Diethyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]
phosphorothiolate and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts.
(J) N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) aminoethyl-2-chlorides and corresponding protonated salts.
(12) Schedule 3 chemical agent
The term "Schedule 3 chemical agent" means any of the following, together or separately:
(13) Toxic chemical
The term "toxic chemical" means any chemical which through its chemical action on life processes can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans or animals. The term includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere.
(B) List of toxic chemicals
The term "United States" means the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the commonwealths, territories, and possessions of the United States and includes all places under the jurisdiction or control of the United States, including—
(A) any of the places within the provisions of paragraph (41) 2 of section 40102 of title 49;
(B) any civil aircraft of the United States or public aircraft, as such terms are defined in paragraphs (17) and (37),2 respectively, of section 40102 of title 49; and
(C) any vessel of the United States, as such term is defined in section 70502(b) of title 46.
(15) Unscheduled discrete organic chemical
The term "unscheduled discrete organic chemical" means any chemical not listed on any schedule contained in the Annex on Chemicals of the Convention that belongs to the class of chemical compounds consisting of all compounds of carbon, except for its oxides, sulfides, and metal carbonates.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, §3, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856.)
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.
Paragraphs (17), (37), and (41) of section 40102 of title 49, referred to in par. (14)(A) and (B), probably were originally meant to refer to paragraphs (17), (37), and (41) of subsection (a) of section 40102 of title 49. Paragraphs (37) and (41) were subsequently redesignated as (41) and (46), respectively, by Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §225(a)(1), (3), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2528.
In par. 14(C), "section 70502(b) of title 46" substituted for "section 3(b) of the Maritime Drug Enforcement Act, as amended (46 U.S.C., App. sec. 1903(b))", meaning section 3(b) of the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act, on authority of Pub. L. 109–304, §18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted section 70502 of Title 46, Shipping.
Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, §1, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, provided that: "This Division [enacting this chapter, sections 229 to 229F of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section 436 of Title 41, Public Contracts, amending section 362 of Title 11, Bankruptcy, and section 2332a of Title 18, repealing section 2332c of Title 18 and section 1520 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 229 of Title 18] may be cited as the &apos;Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998&apos;."
Regulations, orders, or directives to implement this chapter to be issued, amended, or revised by Departments of State and Commerce, and other agencies as appropriate, see section 3 of Ex. Ord. No. 13128, June 25, 1999, 64 F.R. 34703, set out as a note under section 6711 of this title.
For delegation of functions under this chapter, see section 5 of Ex. Ord. No. 13128, June 25, 1999, 64 F.R. 34703, set out as a note under section 6711 of this title.
1 So in original. Probably should not be preceded by an open parenthesis.
§6721. Definitions
In this subchapter, the terms "challenge inspection", "plant site", "plant", "facility agreement", "inspection team", and "requesting state party" have the meanings given those terms in Part I of the Annex on Implementation and Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention. The term "routine inspection" means an inspection, other than an "initial inspection", undertaken pursuant to Article VI of the Convention.
(b) "Judge of the United States" defined
In this subchapter, the term "judge of the United States" means a judge or magistrate judge of a district court of the United States.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §301, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–872.)
This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title III of div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–872, which enacted this subchapter and section 436 of former Title 41, Public Contracts. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Tables. For disposition of sections of former Title 41, see Disposition Table preceding section 101 of Title 41.
§6722. Facility agreements
(a) Authorization of inspections
Inspections by the Technical Secretariat of plants, plant sites, or other facilities or locations for which the United States has a facility agreement with the Organization shall be conducted in accordance with the facility agreement. Any such facility agreement may not in any way limit the right of the owner or operator of the facility to withhold consent to an inspection request.
(b) Types of facility agreements
(1) Schedule 2 facilities
The United States National Authority shall ensure that facility agreements for plants, plant sites, or other facilities or locations that are subject to inspection pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article VI of the Convention are concluded unless the owner, operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the facility and the Technical Secretariat agree that such an agreement is not necessary.
(2) Schedule 3 facilities
The United States National Authority shall ensure that facility agreements are concluded for plants, plant sites, or other facilities or locations that are subject to inspection pursuant to paragraph 5 or 6 of Article VI of the Convention if so requested by the owner, operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the facility.
The United States National Authority shall ensure that the owner, operator, occupant, or agent in charge of a facility prior to the development of the agreement relating to that facility is notified and, if the person notified so requests, the person may participate in the preparations for the negotiation of such an agreement. To the maximum extent practicable consistent with the Convention, the owner and the operator, occupant or agent in charge of a facility may observe negotiations of the agreement between the United States and the Organization concerning that facility.
(d) Content of facility agreements
Facility agreements shall—
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §302, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–872.)
§6723. Authority to conduct inspections
No inspection of a plant, plant site, or other facility or location in the United States shall take place under the Convention without the authorization of the United States National Authority in accordance with the requirements of this subchapter.
(1) Technical Secretariat inspection teams
Any duly designated member of an inspection team of the Technical Secretariat may inspect any plant, plant site, or other facility or location in the United States subject to inspection pursuant to the Convention.
(2) United States Government representatives
The United States National Authority shall coordinate the designation of employees of the Federal Government (and, in the case of an inspection of a United States Government facility, the designation of contractor personnel who shall be led by an employee of the Federal Government) to accompany members of an inspection team of the Technical Secretariat and, in doing so, shall ensure that—
(3) Objections to individuals serving as inspectors
In deciding whether to exercise the right of the United States under the Convention to object to an individual serving as an inspector, the President shall give great weight to his reasonable belief that—
(B) Not subject to judicial review
Any objection by the President to an individual serving as an inspector, whether made pursuant to this section or otherwise, shall not be reviewable in any court.
The requirement under subsection (b)(2)(A) shall not apply to inspections of United States chemical weapons destruction facilities (as used within the meaning of part IV(C)(13) of the Verification Annex to the Convention).
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §303, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–873; Pub. L. 106–280, title III, §305, Oct. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 854; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XII, §1204(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1247.)
2001—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–107 inserted "(and, in the case of an inspection of a United States Government facility, the designation of contractor personnel who shall be led by an employee of the Federal Government)" after "designation of employees of the Federal Government" in introductory provisions.
2000—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–280 added subsec. (c).
Protection of United States Companies
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, §1117], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-489, provided that:
"(a) Reimbursement.—During the 2-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1999], the United States National Authority (as designated pursuant to section 101 of the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998 [22 U.S.C. 6711] (as contained in division I of Public Law 105–277)) shall, upon request of the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, reimburse the Federal Bureau of Investigation for all costs incurred by the Bureau for such period in connection with implementation of section 303(b)(2)(A) of that Act [22 U.S.C. 6723(b)(2)(A)], except that such reimbursement may not exceed $2,000,000 for such 2-year period.
"(b) Report.—Not later than 180 days prior to the expiration of the 2-year period described in subsection (a), the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall prepare and submit to the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on how activities under section 303(b)(2)(A) of the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998 [22 U.S.C. 6723(b)(2)(A)] will be fully funded and implemented by the Federal Bureau of Investigation notwithstanding the expiration of the 2-year period described in subsection (a)."
§6724. Procedures for inspections
(a) Types of inspections
Each inspection of a plant, plant site, or other facility or location in the United States under the Convention shall be conducted in accordance with this section and section 6725 of this title, except where other procedures are provided in a facility agreement entered into under section 6722 of this title.
An inspection referred to in subsection (a) may be made only upon issuance of an actual written notice by the United States National Authority to the owner and to the operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the premises to be inspected.
(2) Time of notification
The notice for a routine inspection shall be submitted to the owner and to the operator, occupant, or agent in charge within six hours of receiving the notification of the inspection from the Technical Secretariat or as soon as possible thereafter. Notice for a challenge inspection shall be provided at any appropriate time determined by the United States National Authority. Notices may be posted prominently at the plant, plant site, or other facility or location if the United States is unable to provide actual written notice to the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the premises.
(3) Content of notice
The notice under paragraph (1) shall include all appropriate information supplied by the Technical Secretariat to the United States National Authority concerning—
(B) Special rule for challenge inspections
In the case of a challenge inspection pursuant to Article IX of the Convention, the notice shall also include all appropriate evidence or reasons provided by the requesting state party to the Convention for seeking the inspection.
(4) Separate notices required
A separate notice shall be provided for each inspection, except that a notice shall not be required for each entry made during the period covered by the inspection.
(c) Credentials
The head of the inspection team of the Technical Secretariat and the accompanying employees of the Federal Government (and, in the case of an inspection of a United States Government facility, any accompanying contractor personnel) shall display appropriate identifying credentials to the owner, operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the premises before the inspection is commenced.
(d) Timeframe for inspections
Consistent with the provisions of the Convention, each inspection shall be commenced and completed with reasonable promptness and shall be conducted at reasonable times, within reasonable limits, and in a reasonable manner.
Except as provided in a warrant issued under section 6725 of this title or a facility agreement entered into under section 6722 of this title, an inspection conducted under this subchapter may extend to all things within the premises inspected (including records, files, papers, processes, controls, structures and vehicles) related to whether the requirements of the Convention applicable to such premises have been complied with.
Unless required by the Convention, no inspection under this subchapter shall extend to—
(f) Sampling and safety
The Director of the United States National Authority is authorized to require the provision of samples to a member of the inspection team of the Technical Secretariat in accordance with the provisions of the Convention. The owner or the operator, occupant or agent in charge of the premises to be inspected shall determine whether the sample shall be taken by representatives of the premises or the inspection team or other individuals present. No sample collected in the United States pursuant to an inspection permitted by this chapter may be transferred for analysis to any laboratory outside the territory of the United States.
(2) Compliance with regulations
In carrying out their activities, members of the inspection team of the Technical Secretariat and representatives of agencies or departments accompanying the inspection team shall observe safety regulations established at the premises to be inspected, including those for protection of controlled environments within a facility and for personal safety.
The appropriate representatives of the United States, as designated, if present, shall assist the owner and the operator, occupant or agent in charge of the premises to be inspected in interacting with the members of the inspection team of the Technical Secretariat.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §304, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–874; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XII, §1204(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1247.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.
2001—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–107 substituted "Federal Government (and, in the case of an inspection of a United States Government facility, any accompanying contractor personnel)" for "Federal government".
§6725. Warrants
The United States Government shall seek the consent of the owner or the operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the premises to be inspected prior to any inspection referred to in section 6724(a) of this title. If consent is obtained, a warrant is not required for the inspection. The owner or the operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the premises to be inspected may withhold consent for any reason or no reason. After providing notification pursuant to subsection (b), the United States Government may seek a search warrant from a United States magistrate judge. Proceedings regarding the issuance of a search warrant shall be conducted ex parte, unless otherwise requested by the United States Government.
(b) Routine inspections
(1) Obtaining administrative search warrants
For any routine inspection conducted on the territory of the United States pursuant to Article VI of the Convention, where consent has been withheld, the United States Government shall first obtain an administrative search warrant from a judge of the United States. The United States Government shall provide to the judge of the United States all appropriate information supplied by the Technical Secretariat to the United States National Authority regarding the basis for the selection of the plant site, plant, or other facility or location for the type of inspection sought. The United States Government shall also provide any other appropriate information available to it relating to the reasonableness of the selection of the plant, plant site, or other facility or location for the inspection.
(2) Content of affidavits for administrative search warrants
The judge of the United States shall promptly issue a warrant authorizing the requested inspection upon an affidavit submitted by the United States Government showing that—
(B) the plant site, plant, or other facility or location sought to be inspected is required to report data under subchapter III of this chapter and is subject to routine inspection under the Convention;
(C) the purpose of the inspection is—
(i) in the case of any facility owned or operated by a non-Government entity related to Schedule 1 chemical agents, to verify that the facility is not used to produce any Schedule 1 chemical agent except for declared chemicals; quantities of Schedule 1 chemicals produced, processed, or consumed are correctly declared and consistent with needs for the declared purpose; and Schedule 1 chemicals are not diverted or used for other purposes;
(F) the selection of the site was made in accordance with procedures established under the Convention and, in particular—
(i) in the case of any facility owned or operated by a non-Government entity related to Schedule 1 chemical agents, the intensity, duration, timing, and mode of the requested inspection is based on the risk to the object and purpose of the Convention by the quantities of chemical produced, the characteristics of the facility and the nature of activities carried out at the facility, and the requested inspection, when considered with previous such inspections of the facility undertaken in the current calendar year, shall not exceed the number reasonably required based on the risk to the object and purpose of the Convention as described above;
(3) Content of warrants
A warrant issued under paragraph (2) shall specify the same matters required of an affidavit under that paragraph. In addition to the requirements for a warrant issued under this paragraph, each warrant shall contain, if known, the identities of the representatives of the Technical Secretariat conducting the inspection and the observers of the inspection and, if applicable, the identities of the representatives of agencies or departments of the United States accompanying those representatives.
(4) Challenge inspections
(A) Criminal search warrant
For any challenge inspection conducted on the territory of the United States pursuant to Article IX of the Chemical Weapons Convention, where consent has been withheld, the United States Government shall first obtain from a judge of the United States a criminal search warrant based upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and describing with particularity the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized.
The United States Government shall provide to the judge of the United States—
(iii) information concerning—
(v) any other evidence showing probable cause to believe that a violation of this chapter has occurred or is occurring; and
(C) Content of warrant
The warrant shall specify—
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §305, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–875.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(B)(v), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.
For authority of Secretary of Commerce to obtain and execute certain warrants pursuant to this section, see section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 13128, June 25, 1999, 64 F.R. 34703, set out as a note under section 6711 of this title.
§6726. Prohibited acts relating to inspections
It shall be unlawful for any person willfully to fail or refuse to permit entry or inspection, or to disrupt, delay, or otherwise impede an inspection, authorized by this chapter.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §306, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–878.)
§6727. National security exception
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §307, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–878.)
§6728. Annual report on inspections
Not later than one year after October 21, 1998, and annually thereafter, the President shall submit a report in classified and unclassified form to the appropriate congressional committees on inspections made under the Convention during the preceding year.
(b) Content of reports
Each report shall contain the following information for the reporting period:
(1) The name of each company or entity subject to the jurisdiction of the United States reporting data pursuant to subchapter III of this chapter.
(c) "Appropriate congressional committees" defined
The term "appropriate congressional committees" means the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on International Relations, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §309, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–879.)
§6729. United States assistance in inspections at private facilities
(a) Assistance in preparation for inspections
At the request of an owner of a facility not owned or operated by the United States Government, or contracted for use by or for the United States Government, the Secretary of Defense may assist the facility to prepare the facility for possible inspections pursuant to the Convention.
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the owner of a facility provided assistance under subsection (a) shall reimburse the Secretary for the costs incurred by the Secretary in providing the assistance.
In the case of assistance provided under subsection (a) to a facility owned by a person described in subsection (c), the United States National Authority shall reimburse the Secretary for the costs incurred by the Secretary in providing the assistance.
(c) Owners covered by United States National Authority reimbursements
Subsection (b)(2) applies in the case of assistance provided to the following:
(1) Small business concerns
A small business concern as defined in section 632 of title 15.
(2) Domestic producers of Schedule 3 or unscheduled discrete organic chemicals
Any person located in the United States that—
(B) in the calendar year preceding the year in which the assistance is to be provided, produced—
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §310, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–880.)
§6741. Reports required by United States National Authority
(a) Regulations on recordkeeping
The United States National Authority shall ensure that regulations are prescribed that require each person located in the United States who produces, processes, consumes, exports, or imports, or proposes to produce, process, consume, export, or import, a chemical substance that is subject to the Convention to—
(2) Rulemaking
The Director of the United States National Authority shall ensure that regulations pursuant to this section are prescribed expeditiously.
(1) Avoidance of duplication
To the extent feasible, the United States Government shall not require the submission of any report that is unnecessary or duplicative of any report required by or under any other law. The head of each Federal agency shall coordinate the actions of that agency with the heads of the other Federal agencies in order to avoid the imposition of duplicative reporting requirements under this chapter or any other law.
As used in paragraph (1), the term "Federal agency" has the meaning given the term "agency" in section 551(1) of title 5.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title IV, §401, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–880.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.
Regulations under subsec. (a) to be issued by Department of Commerce by a date specified by Department of State as United States National Authority (USNA) and to be reviewed and approved by USNA in coordination with an interagency group, see section 3 of Ex. Ord. No. 13128, June 25, 1999, 64 F.R. 34703, set out as a note under section 6711 of this title.
§6742. Prohibition relating to low concentrations of Schedules 2 and 3 chemicals
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, no person located in the United States shall be required to report on, or to submit to, any routine inspection conducted for the purpose of verifying the production, possession, consumption, exportation, importation, or proposed production, possession, consumption, exportation, or importation of any substance that contains less than—
(b) Standard for measurement of concentration
The percent concentration of a chemical in a substance shall be measured on the basis of volume or total weight, which measurement yields the lesser percent.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title IV, §402, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–881.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.
§6743. Prohibition relating to unscheduled discrete organic chemicals and coincidental byproducts in waste streams
(a) 1 Prohibition
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, no person located in the United States shall be required to report on, or to submit to, any routine inspection conducted for the purpose of verifying the production, possession, consumption, exportation, importation, or proposed production, possession, consumption, exportation, or importation of any substance that is—
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title IV, §403, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–881.)
§6744. Confidentiality of information
(a) Freedom of Information Act exemption for certain Convention information
Except as provided in subsection (b) or (c), any confidential business information, as defined in section 6713(g) of this title, reported to, or otherwise acquired by, the United States Government under this chapter or under the Convention shall not be disclosed under section 552(a) of title 5.
(1) Information for the Technical Secretariat
Information shall be disclosed or otherwise provided to the Technical Secretariat or other states parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention in accordance with the Convention, in particular, the provisions of the Annex on the Protection of Confidential Information.
(2) Information for Congress
Information shall be made available to any committee or subcommittee of Congress with appropriate jurisdiction upon the written request of the chairman or ranking minority member of such committee or subcommittee, except that no such committee or subcommittee, and no member and no staff member of such committee or subcommittee, shall disclose such information or material except as otherwise required or authorized by law.
(3) Information for enforcement actions
Information shall be disclosed to other Federal agencies for enforcement of this chapter or any other law, and shall be disclosed or otherwise provided when relevant in any proceeding under this chapter or any other law, except that disclosure or provision in such a proceeding shall be made in such manner as to preserve confidentiality to the extent practicable without impairing the proceeding.
(c) Information disclosed in national interest
The United States Government shall disclose any information reported to, or otherwise required by the United States Government under this chapter or the Convention, including categories of such information, that it determines is in the national interest to disclose and may specify the form in which such information is to be disclosed.
(2) Notice of disclosure
If any Department or agency of the United States Government proposes pursuant to paragraph (1) to publish or disclose or otherwise provide information exempt from disclosure under subsection (a), the United States National Authority shall, unless contrary to national security or law enforcement needs, provide notice of intent to disclose the information—
(ii) in the case of information about a person received from another source, to the person to whom that information pertains.
The information may not be disclosed until the expiration of 30 days after notice under this paragraph has been provided.
(B) Proceedings on objections
In the event that the person to which the information pertains objects to the disclosure, the agency shall promptly review the grounds for each objection of the person and shall afford the objecting person a hearing for the purpose of presenting the objections to the disclosure. Not later than 10 days before the scheduled or rescheduled date for the disclosure, the United States National Authority shall notify such person regarding whether such disclosure will occur notwithstanding the objections.
(d) Criminal penalty for wrongful disclosure
Any officer or employee of the United States, and any former officer or employee of the United States, who by reason of such employment or official position has obtained possession of, or has access to, information the disclosure or other provision of which is prohibited by subsection (a), and who, knowing that disclosure or provision of such information is prohibited by such subsection, willfully discloses or otherwise provides the information in any manner to any person (including any person located outside the territory of the United States) not authorized to receive it, shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.
(e) Criminal forfeiture
The property of any person who violates subsection (d) shall be subject to forfeiture to the United States in the same manner and to the same extent as is provided in section 229C 1 of title 18.
(f) International inspectors
The provisions of this section shall also apply to employees of the Technical Secretariat.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title IV, §404, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–882.)
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b)(3), and (c)(1), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.
1 So in original. Probably should be section "229B".
§6745. Recordkeeping violations
(1) to establish or maintain any record required by this chapter or any regulation prescribed under this chapter;
(2) to submit any report, notice, or other information to the United States Government in accordance with this chapter or any regulation prescribed under this chapter; or
(3) to permit access to or copying of any record that is exempt from disclosure under this chapter or any regulation prescribed under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title IV, §405, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–883.)
§6761. Penalties
(1) Penalty amounts
(A) Prohibited acts relating to inspections
Any person that is determined, in accordance with paragraph (2), to have violated section 6726 of this title shall be required by order to pay a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $25,000 for each such violation. For purposes of this paragraph, each day such a violation of section 6726 of this title continues shall constitute a separate violation of that section.
(B) Recordkeeping violations
Any person that is determined, in accordance with paragraph (2), to have violated section 6745 of this title shall be required by order to pay a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $5,000 for each such violation.
Before imposing an order described in paragraph (1) against a person under this subsection for a violation of section 6726 or 6745 of this title, the Secretary of State shall provide the person or entity with notice and, upon request made within 15 days of the date of the notice, a hearing respecting the violation.
(B) Conduct of hearing
Any hearing so requested shall be conducted before an administrative law judge. The hearing shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of section 554 of title 5. If no hearing is so requested, the Secretary of State's imposition of the order shall constitute a final and unappealable order.
(C) Issuance of orders
If the administrative law judge determines, upon the preponderance of the evidence received, that a person or entity named in the complaint has violated section 6726 or 6745 of this title, the administrative law judge shall state his findings of fact and issue and cause to be served on such person or entity an order described in paragraph (1).
(D) Factors for determination of penalty amounts
In determining the amount of any civil penalty, the administrative law judge shall take into account the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation or violations and, with respect to the violator, the ability to pay, effect on ability to continue to do business, any history of prior such violations, the degree of culpability, the existence of an internal compliance program, and such other matters as justice may require.
(3) Administrative appellate review
The decision and order of an administrative law judge shall become the final agency decision and order of the head of the United States National Authority unless, within 30 days, the head of the United States National Authority modifies or vacates the decision and order, with or without conditions, in which case the decision and order of the head of the United States National Authority shall become a final order under this subsection.
The amount of the civil penalty under a final order of the United States National Authority may be deducted from any sums owed by the United States to the person.
A person adversely affected by a final order respecting an assessment may, within 30 days after the date the final order is issued, file a petition in the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit or for any other circuit in which the person resides or transacts business.
If a person fails to comply with a final order issued under this subsection against the person or entity—
(B) after a court in an action brought under paragraph (5) has entered a final judgment in favor of the United States National Authority,
the Secretary of State shall file a suit to seek compliance with the order in any appropriate district court of the United States, plus interest at currently prevailing rates calculated from the date of expiration of the 30-day period referred to in paragraph (5) or the date of such final judgment, as the case may be. In any such suit, the validity and appropriateness of the final order shall not be subject to review.
Any person who knowingly violates any provision of section 6726 or 6745 of this title, shall, in addition to or in lieu of any civil penalty which may be imposed under subsection (a) for such violation, be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title V, §501, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–883.)
For authority of Secretary of Commerce to carry out certain functions with respect to proceedings under subsec. (a), and to issue regulations with respect thereto, see section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 13128, June 25, 1999, 64 F.R. 34703, set out as a note under section 6711 of this title.
§6762. Specific enforcement
The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction over civil actions to—
(1) restrain any violation of section 6726 or 6745 of this title; and
(2) compel the taking of any action required by or under this chapter or the Convention.
A civil action described in subsection (a) may be brought—
(A) in the case of a civil action described in subsection (a)(1), in the United States district court for the judicial district in which any act, omission, or transaction constituting a violation of section 6726 or 6745 of this title occurred or in which the defendant is found or transacts business; or
In any such civil action process may be served on a defendant wherever the defendant may reside or may be found, whether the defendant resides or may be found within the United States or elsewhere.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title V, §502, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–885.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.
§6763. Expedited judicial review
Any person or entity subject to a search under this chapter may file a civil action challenging the constitutionality of any provision of this chapter. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the full calendar year of, and the two full calendar years following October 21, 1998, the district court shall accord such a case a priority in its disposition ahead of all other civil actions except for actions challenging the legality and conditions of confinement.
(b) En banc review
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the full calendar year of, and the two full calendar years following October 21, 1998, any appeal from a final order entered by a district court in an action brought under subsection (a) shall be heard promptly by the full Court of Appeals sitting en banc.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title V, §503, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–885.)
§6771. Prohibition
Neither the Secretary of Defense nor any other officer or employee of the United States may, directly or by contract—
Nothing in subsection (a) may be construed to prohibit actions carried out for purposes not prohibited by this chapter (as defined in section 6701(8) of this title).
(c) "Biological agent" defined
In this section, the term "biological agent" means any micro-organism (including bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae or protozoa), pathogen, or infectious substance, or any naturally occurring, bio-engineered or synthesized component of any such micro-organism, pathogen, or infectious substance, whatever its origin or method of production, capable of causing—
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title VI, §602, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–886.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.