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Patent US5835642 - Optical fiber interferometer and piezoelectric modulator - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe invention is related to technical physics, in particular to devices for investigating the internal structure of objects and can be used in medicine for diagnostics of human organs and systems, in particular for optical coherence tomography and in technical diagnostics, for example technological process...http://www.google.com/patents/US5835642?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5835642 - Optical fiber interferometer and piezoelectric modulatorAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5835642 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/816,965Publication dateNov 10, 1998Filing dateMar 3, 1997Priority dateMar 1, 1995Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE69616049D1, DE69616049T2, EP0831312A1, EP0831312A4, EP0831312B1, US5867268, WO1996027121A1Publication number08816965, 816965, US 5835642 A, US 5835642A, US-A-5835642, US5835642 A, US5835642AInventorsValentin M. Gelikonov, Grigory V. Gelikonov, Natalia D. Gladkova, Vladimir I. Leonov, Felix I. Feldchtein, Alexander M. Sergeev, Yakov I. KhaninOriginal AssigneeOptical Coherence Technologies, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (37), Classifications (16), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetOptical fiber interferometer and piezoelectric modulator
US 5835642 AAbstract
The invention is related to technical physics, in particular to devices for investigating the internal structure of objects and can be used in medicine for diagnostics of human organs and systems, in particular for optical coherence tomography and in technical diagnostics, for example technological process control. The invention relates to the creation of an optical-fiber interferometer, which, being used in a device for optical coherence tomography, allows one to investigate media with short time of changing of optical characteristics or its position relative to the optical probe, for example biotissues in vivo. The invention also relates to the creation of a piezoelectric modulator, suitable for use in the interferometer and for providing the necessary scanning depth in the mentioned media. In the described optical fiber interferometer the piezoelectric modulator, constructed as a fiber optic piezoelectric controllable delay line, performs a function of the fiber part of the interferometer arm which allows one to change practically inertialess the optical path in the interferometer arm and consequently an optical path difference at least to several tens of the working wavelenghts. The described piezoelectric modulator is constructed as a fiber optic piezoelectric controllable delay line and contains a piezoelectric plate with electrodes and an optical fiber situated on its opposite sides. It is expedient to make the plate in a disk form and to put the fiber as a spiral which allows one to change the optical path in a wide range while keeping the modulator inertialess and compact.
1. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator comprising a piezoceramic plate with electrodes and an optical fiber having a length, said plate exhibiting a perpendicular inverse piezoeffect and having an electric field vector when an electric field is applied to said electrodes, said plate having a thickness in a direction substantially aligned with said electric field vector and having a width in a direction substantially perpendicular to said electric field vector, said thickness being substantially smaller than said width, a first part of said fiber (a) having a length and (b) being mechanically connected with said plate effective to allow changing of the length of said fiber by at least several tens of wavelengths of light when said light is present in said fiber, the length of said first tart of said fiber substantially exceeding the width of said plate.
2. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 1, said plate having first and second opposite surfaces, said electrodes being located on said first and second opposite surfaces of said plate, said first fiber part being mechanically connected to said first surface of said plate.
3. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 2, said optical fiber having a second part different from said first part, said second part of said fiber being mechanically connected to said second surface of said plate.
4. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 3, said second part of said fiber having a length, said length of said second part of said fiber exceeding the width of said plate.
5. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 4, said second part of said fiber being arranged in a form of a coil.
6. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 5, said first part of said fiber being arranged in a form of a coil, said plate having the shape of a disc, a first electrode being located on said first surface of said plate, said first electrode being positioned between said first fiber part and said plate, a second electrode being located on said second surface of said plate, said second electrode being positioned between said second fiber part and said plate, said width being at least several times said thickness.
7. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 3, a second electrode being located on said second surface of said plate, said second fiber part being fastened to said second electrode.
8. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 7, said second electrode being positioned between said second fiber part and said plate.
9. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 3, said second part of said fiber being arranged in a form of a coil.
10. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 3, said second part of said fiber having an entire length, said second part being mechanically connected over said entire length to said second surface of said plate.
11. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 2, a first electrode being located on said first surface of said plate, said first fiber part being fastened to said first electrode.
12. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 11, said first electrode being positioned between said first fiber part and said plate.
13. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first part of said fiber is arranged in a form of a coil.
14. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 13, wherein said first part of said fiber is coiled at least 13 times.
15. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 2, said width being at least several times said thickness.
16. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 2, said first part of said fiber having an entire length, said first part being mechanically connected over said entire length to said first surface of said plate.
17. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plate has the shape of a disc.
18. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said optical fiber is anisotropic fiber.
19. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 1, each of said electrodes being flat.
20. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said optical fiber is PANDA-type optical fiber.
21. An optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as claimed in claim 1, said first part of said fiber having a length of at least 15 meters.
This is a division of application Ser. No. 08/602,589, filed Feb. 16, 1996 now abandoned.
Optical fiber interferometers also find application in apparatuses designed for studies of scattering media, in particular, optical coherence tomography of biological tissues (see J. A. Izatt, J. G. Fijimoto et al., Optical coherence microscopy in scattering media, OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 19, No. 8/Apr. 15, 1994, p. 590-592, and also X. Clivaz et al., High resolution-reflectometry in biological tissues, OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 17, No. 1/Jan. 1, 1992). Both the said papers offer a description of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer commonly comprising a coupler, a sampling arm provided with an optical probe at the end, and a reference arm incorporating an optical fiber piezoelectric phase modulator with a reference mirror installed at its end. Optical length of the reference arm can be varied within a fairly wide range by means of mechanical step-by-step alteration of the reference mirror position. Incorporation of a piezoelectric modulator of phase in the interferometer arm to suit the said interferometer for optical coherence tomography applications allows for lock-in detection of the information-carrying signal, thus providing a fairly high sensitivity of measurements, and by moving the reference mirror it is possible to perform the in-depth scanning of an object under study.
The above paper by J. A. Izatt, J. G. Fujimoto et al., gives a description of a fiber interferometer for optical coherence tomography, designed as the Michelson interferometer comprising a coupler, a sampling arm with a measuring probe at the end, and a reference arm whose end is provided with a reference mirror movable at a constant speed. This arrangement allows for an in depth scanning of objects, shorter sampling time than as with the step-by-step mechanism of mirror movement, and obviates the necessity for using a piezoelectric modulator, since the information-carrying signal is received in this case using a Doppler frequency shift induced in the reference arm by the constant speed movement of the reference mirror.
FIGS. 1, 2 are schematic designs of the optical fiber single-mode interferometer of the invention as defined in claims 1 and 3 as filed.
FIGS. 3, 3a, 4, 5 and 5a depict particular embodiments of the developed optical fiber piezoelectric modulator (FIG. 3a is a top view and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 3a of the modulator as claimed in claim 7 as filed, FIG. 4 is a top view of the modulator as claimed in claim 8 as filed, FIG. 5a is a top view and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 5a of one particular embodiment of the modulator as claimed in claim 15 as filed).
As depicted in FIG. 1, the optical fiber interferometer is constructed in the form of Michelson interferometer comprising optically coupled coupler 1 and sampling and reference arms 2, 3, respectively, incorporating fibers 4, 5, respectively. The sampling arm 2 is provided at the end with optical probe 6, and the reference arm 3 comprises optical fiber piezoelectric modulator 7. The optical fiber piezoelectric modulator 7 functions as the fiber 5 of the interferometer arm 3 and is arranged in the form of the optical fiber delay line in which a capability is provided for varying the optical length of arm 3 by at least several tens of operating wavelengths of the said interferometer. The reference arm 3 is ended with a stationary reference mirror 8. The interferometer also comprises a source of control voltage applied to the optical fiber piezoelectric modulator 7 (it is not depicted in the drawing). FIG. 2 shows an optical fiber Michelson-type interferometer
having a coupler 1 optically connected with sampling and reference arms 2, 3, respectively, which comprise fibers 4, 5, respectively. The sampling arm 2 is provided at the end with optical probe 6, the reference arm 3 incorporates a stationary reference mirror 8. The sampling and reference arms 2, 3 have fiber optic piezoelectric modulators 9, 7, respectively, which perform the function of the fibers 4, 5, respectively, either of the said modulators being constructed in the form of optical fiber controllable delay line, which allows for changing the optical length of the respective arm by at least several tens of operating wavelengths of the interferometer (for example, as claimed in original claims 7-16).
The fiber optic piezoelectric modulator as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3 comprises a piezoceramic plate 10 with the electrodes 13 located on the opposite surfaces 11, 12 of the said plate. The modulator also comprises an optical fiber 14, its first part 15 being arranged on the first surface 11 of the piezoceramic plate 10 so as to allow variation of the fiber length. The length of the first part 15 of the optical fiber 14 is larger than diameter of the piezoceramic plate 10.
The optical piezoelectric modulator as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5 has the optical fiber 14 fastened to the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 of the piezoceramic plate 10. The length of the first and second parts 15, 16, respectively, of the optical fiber 14 exceeds diameter of the piezoceramic plate 10. The first and the second parts 15, 16, respectively, are arranged in the form of a coil. The piezoceramic plate 10 is a disc in the optical fiber piezoelectric modulator in FIGS. 5a and 5.
In another particular embodiment the second part 16 of the optical fiber 14 is fastened over the entire length on the second surface 12 of the piezoceramic plate 10 (not shown in the drawing).
The optical fiber piezoelectric modulator depicted in FIGS. 3, 3a, 4, 5 and 5a operates as follows.
An increase in the area of the first surface 11 of plate 10 according to the rule of control voltage variation, causes stretching the first part 15 of the optical fiber 14 arranged on the said surface. Since the length of the first part 15 of optical fiber 14 exceeds diameter of the first surface 11 of the piezoceramic plate 10, the absolute lengthening of the first part 15 of optical fiber 14 is greater than ΔR and depends on the form the fiber is arranged on the first surface. According to the above expression, for an absolute lengthening of fiber by a value close to 1.5 mm it, about 15 m of optical fiber have to be arranged on the first surface 11 of the plate 10.
In the optical fiber piezoelectric modulator as shown in FIG. 4 the first part 15 of optical fiber 14 is arranged in the form of a coil. Therefore, absolute lengthening of the first part 15 of optical fiber 14 and, hence, its optical length may vary within the limits of at least several tens of radiation wavelengths in compliance with the rule of control voltage variation. This allows application of the optical fiber piezoelectric modulator in the optical fiber interferometer of the invention for providing a desired depth of scanning the media that change their properties and position to optical probe in a very short time, as, for example, is the case of the in vivo studies of tissues. In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 5a and 5 the coil-like form of arranging the first and the second parts 15, 16 of optical fiber 14 on both surfaces 11, 12 of plate 10 allows to extend the scanning area into the depth of a test object.
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ClassificationG02F1/0134, G02F1/2252, G01B9/02091, G01B2290/35European ClassificationG01B9/02, G02F1/225B, G02F1/01M2CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJan 30, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: OPTICAL COHERENCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC., OHIOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GELIKONOV, VALENTIN M.;GELIKONOV, GRIGORY V.;GLADKOVA, NATALIA D.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:008999/0818;SIGNING DATES FROM 19980103 TO 19980109Mar 30, 1999CCCertificate of correctionJun 7, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: CAPITAL ONE PARTNERS, LLC, OHIOFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OPTICAL COHERENCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011871/0209Effective date: 20010522Owner name: BIOMEC INC., OHIOFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OPTICAL COHERENCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011871/0209Effective date: 20010522Owner name: SYMARK LLC, OHIOFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OPTICAL COHERENCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011871/0209Effective date: 20010522Feb 12, 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