Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US4700054?dq=6,163,776
Timestamp: 2016-10-01 00:44:26
Document Index: 699636356

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 38', 'Application No. 38', 'Application No. 38', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 63', 'Application No. 67', 'Application No. 74', 'Application No. 128', 'Application No. 119', 'Application No. 84', 'Application No. 84', 'Application No. 84', 'Application No. 84']

Patent US4700054 - Electrical devices comprising fabrics - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn electrical heater which comprises a fabric prepared from at least one of the electrodes and another elongate element of substantially higher resistance. The heater preferably comprises a PTC element, e.g. of a conductive polymer, to render the heater self-regulating. The PTC element may be in the...http://www.google.com/patents/US4700054?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4700054 - Electrical devices comprising fabricsAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS4700054 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/735,428Publication dateOct 13, 1987Filing dateMay 17, 1985Priority dateNov 17, 1983Fee statusLapsedAlso published asDE3681197D1, EP0202896A2, EP0202896A3, EP0202896B1Publication number06735428, 735428, US 4700054 A, US 4700054A, US-A-4700054, US4700054 A, US4700054AInventorsJames T. Triplett, Paul B. Germeraad, Randolph W. Chan, Michael L. JensenOriginal AssigneeRaychem CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (21), Referenced by (72), Classifications (17), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElectrical devices comprising fabrics
US 4700054 AAbstract
1. An electrical heater which comprises a fabric comprising elongate elements which are interlaced together in an ordered array and at least some of which comprise a component composed of material having a resistivity greater than 10-5 ohm.cm, said heater comprising(1) a first elongate electrode which forms at least part of one of said interlaced elements; (2) a second elongate electrode which forms at least part of one of said interlaced elements; (3) a PTC element which is in the form of a layer electrically surrounding the first electrode and which(a) exhibits PTC behavior, and (b) is composed of a conductive polymer which comprises a polymeric component and particulate conductive polymer dispersed in the polymeric component; and (4) a substantially continuous laminar element which is composed of a ZTC conductive polymer and through which current passes when the electrodes are connected to a source of electrical power. 2. A heater according to claim 1 wherein one of said interlaced elongate elements is an element which is electrically non-conductive.
6. A heater according to claim 4 wherein each of the first and second electrodes is composed of a metal, and the non-conductive element is a heat-shrinkable elongate element which shrinks when heated to a temperature Tshrink and which is composed of an electrically insulating polymeric composition;said first, second and heat-shrinkable element is a heat-fabric prepared by weaving the first, second and heat-shrinkable elements together; whereby, when the first and second electrodes are connected to a suitable source of electrical power, current flows through the ZTC element and causes shrinkage of of the heat-shrinkable element. 7. A heater according to claim 6 wherein at all temperatures between 0� C. and Tshrink of the heat-shrinkable element, the resistance of the ZTC element is greater than the resistance of the PTC element.
Compositions which have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance ("PTC compositions") are known. They can be composed of ceramic material, e.g. a doped barium titanate, or a conductive polymer material e.g. a dispersion of carbon black or other particulate conductive filler in a crystalline polymer. The term PTC is generally used (and is so used in this specification) to denote a composition whose resistivity increase's by a factor of at least 2.5 over a temperature range of 14� C. or by a factor of at least 10 over a temperature range of 100� C., and preferably both. The term switching temperature (or Ts) is generally used (and is so used in this specification) to denote the temperature at which the sharp increase in resistivity takes place, as more precisely defined in U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,441. Materials, in particular conductive polymer compositions, which exhibit zero temperature coefficient (ZTC) behavior are also known. In electrical devices which contain a PTC element and a ZTC element, the term ZTC is generally used (and is so used in this specification) to denote an element which does not exhibit PTC behavior at temperature below the Ts of the PTC element; thus the ZTC element can have a resistivity which increases relatively slowly, or which is substantially constant, or which decreases slowly, at temperatures below the Ts of the PTC element. Materials, in particular conductive polymer compositions, which exhibit negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior are also known. For further details of conductive polymer compositions and devices comprising them, reference may be made for example to U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,952,761, 2,978,665, 3,243,753, 3,351,882, 3,571,777, 3,757,086, 3,793,716, 3,823,217, 3,858,144, 3,861,029, 3,950,604, 4,017,715, 4,072,848, 4,085,286, 4,117,312, 4,177,376, 4,177,446, 4,188,276, 4,237,441, 4,238,812, 4,242,573, 4,246,468, 4,250,400, 4,255,698, 4,242,573, 4,271,350, 4,272,471, 4,276,466, 4,304,987, 4,309,596, 4,309,597, 4,314,230, 4,314,231, 4,315,237, 4,317,027, 4,318,881, 4,327,351, 4,330,704, 4,334,351, 4,352,083, 4,361,799, 4,388,607, 4,398,084, 4,413,301, 4,425,397, 4,426,339, 4,426,633, 4,427,877, 4,435,639, 4,429,216, 4,442,139, 4,459,473, 4,481,498, 4,476,450 and 4,502,929; J. Applied Polymer Science 19, 813-815 (1975), Klason and Kubat; Polymer Engineering and Science 18, 649-653 (1978), Narkis et al; and commonly assigned U.S. Ser. Nos. 601,424 now abandoned, published as German OLS No. 2,634,999; 732,792 (Van Konynenburg et al), now abandoned, published as German OLS No. 2,746,602; 798,154 (Horsma et al), now abandoned, published as German OLS No. 2,821,799; 134,354 (Lutz); 141,984 (Gotcher et al), published as European Applicaton No. 38,718; 141,988 (Fouts et al), published as European Application No. 38,718, 141,989 (Evans), published as European Application No. 38,713, 141,991 (Fouts et al), published as European Application No. 38,714, 150,909 (Sopory), published as UK Application No. 2,076,106A, 184,647 (Lutz), 250,491 (Jacobs et al) published as European Application No. 63,440, 272,854 and 403,203 (Stewart et al), published as European Patent Application No. 67,679, 274,010 (Walty et al), 300,709 and 423,589 (Van Konynenburg et al), published as European Application No. 74,281, 369,309 (Midgley et al), 483,633 (Wasley), 493,445 (Chazan et al), published as European Patent Application No. 128,664, 606,033, (Leary et al), published as European Application No. 119,807, 509,897 and 598,048 (Masia et al) published as European Application No. 84,304,502.2, 524,482 (Tomlinson et al) published as European Application No. 84,305,584.7, 534,913 (McKinley), 535,449 (Cheng et al) published as European Application No. 84,306,456.9, 552,649 (Jensen et al) published as European Application No. 84,307,984.9, 573,099 (Batliwalla et al) and 904,736, published as UK Patent Nos. 1,470,502 and 1,470,503, and the three commonly assigned applications filed Sept. 14, 1984, Ser. Nos. 650,918, 650,920 and 650,919 (MP0959, 961 and 962). The disclosure of each of the patents, publications and applications referred to above is incorporated herein by reference.
In devices containing heat-shrinkable elements, it is important that the heat generated, e.g. in the conductive polymer elements, is sufficient to raise the heat-shrinkable elements to their shrinkage temperature. In order to ensure that there is adequate heating of the ZTC element before the PTC element shuts off, it is preferred that the resistance of the ZTC element is greater than, preferably at least 1.2 times, the resistance of the PTC element(s) at all temperatures between 0� C. and Tshrink. When the ZTC element forms a continuous laminar element (as is usually preferred in order to protect the substrate against which the device is to be recovered), this usually means that the resistivity of the ZTC composition is greater than, preferably at least twice, the resistivity of the PTC composition at all temperatures between 0� C. and Tshrink.
T1 &gt;Tshrink &gt;T2 and
&#961;2 &gt;&#961;1 at all temperatures between 0� C. and Tshrink.
It is also preferred that (T1 -T2) is at least 30� C., particularly at least 50� C., and that (T1 -Tshrink) is at least 10� C., preferably at least 20� C. We have obtained good results when the polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride, the polymer in the ZTC composition is a copolymer of ethylene, e.g. an ethylene/ethyl acrylate polymer, and the heat-shrinkable element comprises polyethylene.
1. a 24 AWG nickel-coated copper stranded wire conductor having a uniform melt-extruded coating thereon, about 0.008 inch thick, of a PTC conductive polymer composition which had a resistivity of about 40 ohm.cm at 25� C. and over 500 ohm.cm at 130� C., and which comprised carbon black dispersed in polyvinylidene fluoride;
3. a high density polyethylene about 5 grams per denier monofilament which had been drawn down about 20 to 30 times immediately after extrusion, and which was therefore heat-shrinkable, with a Tshrink of about 128� C.
The irradiated fabric was laminated under heat and pressure to a 0.03 inch thick sheet of a conductive polymer composition which had a resistivity of about 80 ohm.cm at 25� C. and about 200 ohm.cm at 140� C. [i.e. it was ZTC compared to the PTC composition of element (1)], and which comprised carbon black dispersed in a very low crystallinity ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymer. At the same time, the opposite face of the fabric was laminated to a 0.011 inch thick layer of an insulating polymeric composition.
When the electrodes were connected to a 36 volt DC power source, the fabric heated to a temperature of about 130� C., at which temperature the polyethylene filaments had reached their shrinkage temperature, and the hot-melt adhesive filaments and ZTC layer had softened; the fabric therefore shrank in the transverse direction to about 33% of the original transverse dimension.
The resulting fabric was placed between two sheets of an ethylene/propylene rubber (sold by Uniroyal under the trade name TPR 8222B) and the assembly was laminated between silicone pads at 450� F. for one minute, using minimum pressure.
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EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionAug 5, 1985ASAssignmentOwner name: RAYCHEM CORPORATION 300 CONSTITUTION DRIVE MENLO PFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:SKIPPER RICHARD STUART;JENSEN, MICHAEL LIND;TRIPLETT, JAMES T.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004445/0508;SIGNING DATES FROM 19850627 TO 19850703Jul 19, 1988CCCertificate of correctionApr 4, 1991FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Mar 28, 1995FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8May 4, 1999REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedOct 10, 1999LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesDec 21, 1999FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19991013RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services