Source: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/travmain.sectionReport1?p_lang=en&p_countries=PG&p_sc_id=1001&p_year=2011&p_structure=2
Timestamp: 2017-10-17 09:49:11
Document Index: 739431529

Matched Legal Cases: ['§48', '§1', '§1', '§49', '§49', '§1', '§51', '§51', '§51', '§52', '§52', '§86', '§52', '§55', '§49', '§49', '§101', '§49', '§49', '§49', '§59', '§25', '§61', '§48', '§86', '§105', '§99', '§48', '§48', '§49', '§49', '§51', '§51', '§48', '§53', '§54', '§52', '§9', '§47', '§49', '§58', '§9', '§14']

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Employment Act, Act No. 54 of 1978, dated 12 September 1978, National Gazette 1978. Published by Pacific Islands Legislation Information Institute at www.paclii.org and accessed 22 September 2011
Remarks: Except where it is specifically provided otherwise, the Employment Act 1978 does not apply to or in relation to the employment of a person:
(a) by the State in carrying in the vicinity of his village from day to day; or
(b) under any other law in force in the country.
Exemptions from the Act may be granted by the Minister in relation to any person whose wages exceed the prescribed amount, or any person or class of persons or any occupation, trade or industry. No such exemptions have been identified.
Employment Regulation 1980, as amended to 2006. Published by Pacific Islands Legislation Information Institute at www.paclii.org and accessed 22 September 2011.
Normal working hours means hours of duty other than call-out duty, overtime or stand-by duty.
Employment Act 1978 §48
Employee means a person serving another person under a contract of service and includes a prospective employee.
Employment Act 1978 §1
Remarks: Contract of service means any agreement, whether oral or in writing, express or implied, by which one person agrees to employ another person as an employee and that other person agrees to serve his employer as an employee (§1 Employment Act 1978).
Employer means a person who employs another person under a contract of service and includes a prospective employer.
Overtime means:
(a) in respect of an employee other than an employee employed on shift work means:
(i) all time worked in excess of eight hours in any one day other than a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday; and
(ii) all time worked on a Saturday after 12 noon; and
(iii) all time worked on a Sunday or public holiday; and
(b) in respect of an employee employed on shift work:
(i) all time worked in excess of eight hours in any one day; and
(ii) all time worked in excess of 44 hours in any period of seven days.
Shift work means work that is performed in three intervals of duty spread over a 24 hour period.
Call-out duty means overtime which an employee is required to perform without prior notice being given during:
(a) normal working hours; or
(b) stand-by duty.
Stand-by duty means periods when an employee not actually working is required to be available for duty.
An employee shall not be required to work more than 12 hours in any one day.
Employment Act 1978 §49(1)
The maximum hours worked per day shall be exceeded only in the case of:
(a) accident, actual or threatened; and
(b) urgent work to be done to machinery, installations or plant, so far as is necessary for the safety of, or to avoid serious interference with, the ordinary working of the establishment or undertaking; and
(c) sudden emergency or the necessity to deal with circumstances which could not reasonably have been foreseen or otherwise dealt with; and
(d) employees engaged on work which must be performed in order to avoid the deterioration or loss of materials or goods and which by reason of their nature or of exceptional circumstances it has not been possible to complete within the maximum hours; and
(e) employees whose continued presence is necessary for the completion of operations which for technical reasons cannot be interrupted at will, and that by reason of exceptional circumstances it has not been possible to complete within the maximum hours; and
(f) employees engaged on work required to co-ordinate the work of two successive shifts; and
(g) employees engaged in the loading or unloading of goods and cargo to or from ships or aircraft or in work associated with the arrival or departure of ships or aircraft where in either case weather conditions have caused a stoppage of work for the rest period to be dispensed with or for the maximum working hours to be exceeded by not more than four hours; and
(h) employees whose services are necessary for:
(i) the care of the sick, infirm or mentally unfit; or
(ii) ensuring the efficient working of public utilities; and
(i) employees who are employed on defence projects.
The maximum daily hours limit may also be varied by a registered award.
Employment Act 1978 §§49(1), 50(1)
No limit is imposed on weekly hours of work per se. However, any time worked in excess of 44 hours in any 7 day period will be overtime for the purposes of the Employment Act 1978 and must be compensated accordingly.
Employment Act 1978 §§1, 52(4)(b)
No criteria are imposed on when an employer may require an employee to work overtime.
Where overtime is to be worked on a Sunday or a public holiday, it shall be by agreement between the employer and the employee or between their respective registered industrial organizations. The workers consent is not required for overtime on any other day.
Employment Act 1978 §51(2)
Overtime required is to be limited to a reasonable amount.
Employment Act 1978 §51(1)
Remarks: No explanation of what will constitute 'a reasonable amount of overtime' is provided by the Employment Act 1978.
Where an employee is engaged as a winchman or in operating machinery or equipment the careless or inefficient use of which may constitute a danger to the health or life of the employee or to other persons, an employer shall not require or permit the employee to work any consecutive periods including overtime that may cause the employee to suffer from fatigue or become careless or inefficient in the discharge of his duties.
Employment Act 1978 §51(3)
Overtime worked:
(a) on a Sunday shall be paid at twice the hourly rate; and
(b) on a public holiday shall be paid at the hourly rate; and
(c) at any time, other than a Sunday or a public holiday, shall be paid at one and one half times the hourly rate.
For the purposes of the calculation of overtime:
(i) there shall be deemed to be 52 weeks in a year; and
(ii) there shall be deemed to be 44 hours in a week; and
(iii) the hourly rate shall be calculated by dividing the annual wage by the number of working hours deemed to be in a year (2,288hrs), by dividing the weekly wage by the number of working hours deemed to be in a week (44hrs), or by dividing the daily wage by eight.
Employment Act 1978 §52(2), (4)
Remarks: Where an employer and an employee so agree, a Saturday may be substituted for a Sunday for the purposes of overtime pay (§52(3)). Further, and in addition to the amount specified in (b) above, an employee shall be paid his usual wages for public holidays in accordance with §86 of the Employment Act 1978.
Instead of paying for overtime worked, an employer may, by agreement with an employee, allow the employee time off during normal working hours at least equal in length to the overtime worked. The compensatory rest must be granted before either the expiration of seven days after the day on which the overtime was worked, or the last day on which the overtime is payable, whichever is the later.
Employment Act 1978 §52(5)
Payment in respect of any overtime performed during any month shall be made as soon as is convenient to the employer after the overtime is performed, but in any case not later than the earlier of:
(i) seven days after the next day on which payment of current wages would normally be due; or
(ii) termination of employment.
Payment of overtime is be calculated to the nearest toea and to the nearest quarter of an hour of the total overtime performed during the relevant payment period.
Employment Act 1978 §55
No provisions regulating work schedules identified.
An employee shall not be required to work for more than 5 hours without a meal or rest period of the following duration:
(a) where the employee has been allowed a rest period of at least 10 minutes during the 5 hours - not less than 30 minutes;
(b) where the employee has not been allowed a rest period of at least 10 minutes during the 5 hours - not less than 40 minutes;
Where the employee is required to work 8 hours or more in any day, the employee shall be allowed one or more meal or rest periods totalling in the aggregate not less than 50 minutes.
Employment Act 1978 §49(2)
Employers may avoid the rest period requirements only in the case of:
The rest period requirements may also be varied by a registered award.
Employment Act 1978 §§49(2), 50(1)
Where an employee is nursing her child, she shall be allowed 2 half-hour breaks each day during normal working hours for that purpose.
Employment Act 1978 §101(1), (2)
No express provision for daily rest periods identified.
Employees who are not engaged on shift work shall be allowed a rest period of at least 24 consecutive hours in every week counting from Monday to Sunday inclusive.
Employment Act 1978 §49(3)(a)
Employers may avoid the weekly rest period requirement only in the case of:
The weekly rest period requirement may also be varied by a registered award.
Employment Act 1978 §§49(3), 50(1)
Remarks: Different rules also apply to employees engaged on shift work (4 x 24 hours in every 4 week period; see Special Categories).
Employees who are engaged on shift work shall be allowed rest periods which, in each instance, shall be of not less than 24 consecutive hours and shall total in the aggregate not less than 96 hours in every period of 28 days.
Employment Act 1978 §49(3)(b)
The right to recreation leave accrues at the end of each period of 12 months continuous service with the same employer. However, an employee must be paid an amount in lieu of untaken annual leave upon termination of employment, provided the employee has completed not less than six months continuous service.
Employment Act 1978 §§59, 60, 61(2), 61(4), 61(5)
Remarks: Continuous service of an employee shall not be affected by a transfer of employment between employers under §25 of the Act, the death of the employer, periods of sick leave, or any of the following breaks from work (although the following shall not be taken into account in calculating the qualifying period of service):
(a) a break in service of not more than three months; or
(b) suspension of a contract of employment under a law in force in Papua New Guinea; or
(c) maternity leave; or
(d) any cause beyond the control of the employee.
Recreation leave credits may be accrued, by agreement between the employer and employee, for any period of continuous service to a maximum of four years.
Employment Act 1978 §61(3)
No provision for work during annual leave identified.
All time worked on a public holiday by non-shift workers is considered overtime, and paid at the employees hourly rate.
Where an employee works on Good Friday or Christmas Day he shall be allowed time off, during normal working hours within the following 7 days, at least equivalent to the time worked on Good Friday or Christmas Day. The compensatory rest is in addition to the overtime payment for that duty.
Employment Act 1978 §§48, 52(2)(b), 56
Remarks: The compensation identified above shall be additional to payment of the employee's usual wages for the public holiday in accordance with §86 of the Employment Act 1978.
No provision for part-time work identified.
No criteria for requiring workers to work at night identified.
A person under 16 years of age shall not be employed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. Further, a person 16 or 17 years of age shall not be employed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m, except in an undertaking in which only members of his family are employed.
Employment Act 1978 §105
Female persons shall not be employed between the hours of 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. in any industrial undertaking, except where she:
(a) holds a responsible position at a managerial or technical level; or
(b) is employed in health or welfare services; or
(c) is employed in an undertaking in which only members of the same family are employed.
The Minister may, where in his opinion there exists a national emergency or it is in the national interest to do so, by notice in the National Gazette, suspend the operation of the prohibition on night work for women.
Employment Act 1978 §99
No provisions specific to shift work identified.
No criteria are imposed for the use of stand-by and call-out duty.
Remarks: Stand-by duty means periods when an employee not actually working is required to be available for duty (§48 Employment Act 1978).
(b) stand-by duty (§48 Employment Act 1978).
An employee shall not be liable to stand-by duty during any rest period prescribed under §§49(2) (rest periods), 49(3) (weekly rest periods), 52(5) (compensatory rest for overtime) or 56 (compensatory rest for work on Good Friday or Christmas Day).
Employment Act 1978 §49(5)
No upper limit on the number of hours an employee may be required for stand-by duty identified. However, minimum and maximum limits apply to overtime performed as a consequence of a call-out.
Employment Act 1978 §§51, 54
All call-out work shall be deemed overtime work and, as such, must be kept within to reasonable amount. An employee who is required to perform call-out duty must be paid for a minimum of 3 hours.
Employment Act 1978 §§51(1), 54(2)
Remarks: An additional call-out payment of K0.30 is due when the employee is required to work for more than 3 hours.
No provision for rest breaks specific to on-call work identified. However, the Employment Act prohibits an employee from being required to be on stand-by duty during any prescribed rest breaks.
Time spent on stand-by or call-out is expressly excluded from the term normal working hours and is to be calculated to the nearest quarter of an hour.
Stand-by duty shall be deemed to cease when the employee reports for duty as required by the employer, or is notified by the employer that he or she is no longer on stand-by.
Employment Act 1978 §§48, 52, 53, 54, 55
Remarks: Each hour of stand-by duty shall be paid an amount not less than 10% of the employee's hourly rate or an amount of K0.30 for each unbroken period of stand-by duty, whichever is the greater (§53). Call-out duty shall be paid at overtime rates (§54).
For the purposes of calculating an employee's hourly rate:
(a) there shall be deemed to be 52 weeks in a year; and
(b) there shall be deemed to be 44 hours in a week; and
(c) the hourly rate shall be calculated by dividing the annual wage by the number of working hours deemed to be in a year (2,288hrs), by dividing the weekly wage by the number of working hours deemed to be in a week (44hrs), or by dividing the daily wage by 8 (§52(4)).
No provision for weekly rest periods specific to on-call work identified. However, the Employment Act prohibits an employee from being required to be on stand-by duty during prescribed weekly rest periods.
There are no restrictions on employing persons as casual workers. However, where a casual worker is employed by the same employer for more than six days in any one month he shall be deemed to be an oral contract employee and a written record of the terms and conditions of the contract must be made by the employer.
Employment Act 1978 §§9, 15
The normal hours limit applies to casual workers.
Employment Act 1978 §47
The provisions regulating overtime work apply to casual workers.
Casual employees are entitled to rest periods in accordance with §49 of the Employment Act.
Casual workers are not entitled to annual leave under the Employment Act 1978.
Employment Act 1978 §58
No provision for a right to change working time arrangements identified.
No provisions requiring employers to provide information to employees on working time arrangements identified. However, employers must keep a record of employees service and leave entitlements in the prescribed form in relation to each employee who is not a casual or piece-rate worker.
Employment Regulation 1980 §9
Remarks: There is no requirement to detail working time arrangements in an employee's employment contract. Further, the only notices which employers are statutorily required to display are those approved or made available by the Secretary of the Departement responsible for labour and employment matters (Employment Act 1978 §§14, 21, 147).
Results generated on: 17th October 2017 at 11:49:11.