Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP3849880B2/en
Timestamp: 2020-01-28 09:45:15
Document Index: 3374379

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.\n9', 'art 50', 'art 56', 'arts 110', 'art 110', 'art;\n3']

JP3849880B2 - Computer / human interface system for compound documents - Google Patents
Computer / human interface system for compound documents Download PDF
JP3849880B2
JP3849880B2 JP52556694A JP52556694A JP3849880B2 JP 3849880 B2 JP3849880 B2 JP 3849880B2 JP 52556694 A JP52556694 A JP 52556694A JP 52556694 A JP52556694 A JP 52556694A JP 3849880 B2 JP3849880 B2 JP 3849880B2
JP52556694A
JPH08510345A (en
カーボウ，デイビッド
クリーガー，ジェフリー
コリック，ジョージ
シャフィー，ジェニファー
ジョーダン，ダニエル
スターン，マーク，ルドウィッグ
スミス，デイビッド，キャンフィールド
トンプソン，マイケル
ピエソル，カート
アップル コンピュータ，インコーポレイテッド
1993-05-10 Priority to US08/058,260 priority Critical patent/US5812862A/en
1993-05-10 Priority to US08/058,260 priority
1994-05-04 Application filed by アップル コンピュータ，インコーポレイテッド filed Critical アップル コンピュータ，インコーポレイテッド
1996-10-29 Publication of JPH08510345A publication Critical patent/JPH08510345A/en
2006-11-22 Publication of JP3849880B2 publication Critical patent/JP3849880B2/en
The present invention relates to an interface between a computer and its user, and more particularly to a computer / human interface architecture capable of generating a compound document and its operation more flexibly.
Currently, many applications used in personal computers are described as one complete program (single monolithic program), each one designed to perform a specific basic function. Has been. For example, word processing programs are designed to generate and edit character documents. Although not designed for character processing, many other programs can use characters incidentally. For example, the form program can insert characters as descriptors in rows and columns for setting information in the form. Similarly, graphic applications such as painting and drawing programs can use characters as labels in the painting and drawing. Thus, all of these different types of programs are provided with a character editing function, but on the other hand, the methods for editing the characters are different from each other. Some applications have many capabilities for this feature, while others have limited functionality. As a result, the user needs to learn different operation methods for each of the different types of applications in order to perform the same task, ie, edit characters.
Therefore, whatever the environment in which text editing is performed, an architecture that enables the creation and editing of a single element of a text-like document in the same unified manner wherever it is needed. It is desirable to provide. Based on this concept, commands of the same system are used to edit characters, whether it is a word processing document, a form, a graphic document, or any other document. The user only needs to learn about one text editor, and the editing work is therefore easier to work with.
Taking this idea further, it is more desirable to be able to edit the elements of a compound document within the document itself. In the present invention, two or more different programs are used to consider a compound document that takes the form of a single piece of information. For example, it may be a text document containing drawings generated by a graphics program. These two types of information have a relationship that includes each other. In particular, a character document functions as a container for a graphic object, and the graphic object moves with or is affected by the character document (container).
In the past, this type of compound document is generated by running two different applications. Word processing programs have been used to generate the character portion of the document. Another graphics application has been used to generate graphics. In order to incorporate the products of these two programs into a single document, the graphics are stored in a special data format or format, and the contents of the data structure are stored in the word processing document, for example, by a cut and paste operation. Will be placed in. Often, merging these separate pieces of information into a single document has been accomplished by a third program referred to as a presentation manager.
Once a drawing is incorporated into a word processing document, its contents are static. If the drawing needs to be modified, the user needs to call the graphics program, pull out the original drawing, and edit the drawing under execution of the graphics program. If the edit is made outside the compound document, the user cannot see the change as if the change was made. The modified drawing must then be incorporated into the word processing document in place of the original drawing.
In order to overcome the need for such switching between the various programs, it is desirable to allow various elements of the compound document to be edited within the compound document. Using such a method not only saves time, but also simplifies the procedure, so that the user can see the modified content as it is.
Another feature of conventional operating systems related to personal computers is that there are various constraints on how to manipulate various types of information. For example, documents and other types of files are stored in containers, which are recognized as “folders” in the Macintosh operating system provided by Apple Computer, Inc., and MS-DOS provided by Microsoft Corporation. Is recognized as a “directory” or “subdirectory”. Folders and directories contain documents but cannot themselves be included in a document.
Similarly, applications and documents are represented as icons in desktop metaphor graphic interfaces such as the Macintosh Finder system and Microsoft's Windows environment. Currently, in these interfaces, there are restrictions on how to operate with icons. For example, an icon exists only on a desktop or window belonging to a folder (subdirectory). If the window represents something other than a folder or volume, such as a text document, no icon can be placed there. In addition, certain icons can only be placed on other specific icons. For example, if an icon represents a document, it can only be placed on an icon representing an application belonging to that document. The document icon cannot be placed on other types of icons that may belong to other types of applications.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system with a consistent user interface for a task, regardless of the environment in which the task is executed. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to eliminate restrictions on various types of data operations, thereby enabling more flexible generation and editing of all types of compound documents.
In pursuit of these objectives, the present invention provides a uniform interface in which elements that convey all different types of information can be combined and manipulated in a document in ways that were not possible before. In the present invention, a document is considered an element of the interface. The purpose of the interface is to convey information to the user so that the information, for example, a text document or a graphic document can be edited.
That interface uniformity is provided by a document-centric architecture that uses basic building blocks, referred to below as "parts" that accomplish the task. A part is a self-contained element composed of two basic components, that is, a content and an operator for the content. These two components are always available to the user no matter where they exist in the system, for example, in the document element, in the folder or on the desktop. The control for the part can be any kind of editor or viewer for the contents of the part, and can be selected by the user if necessary. For example, if the contents of a part are characters, the editor that is a component of that part can be any word processor that the user is familiar with. The word processor is used to edit the character part of the part wherever the character part is incorporated. Therefore, even if the part is incorporated in a document that is not a character, such as a form, the character portion of the part can still be edited by the word processor selected by the user.
The interface representing this feature has an important inherent property: simpler and at the same time more powerful. This simplicity comes from the fact that the user only has to learn one way to perform a specific task, such as editing a character. At the same time, the character editor can be a full-featured module, which is more powerful in that it can replace what is currently incapable of being found in many applications.
The two basic components of a part can function both as an object (for its own content) and as an application (results with its own operators and editors). Because of these features, parts have many functions. For example, each document is a part, and each part behaves as one document. In order to explain this, the character part is a document including characters, and the graphic part is a document including lines and circles. In the present invention, even folders and desktops make up parts, so they can contain content that was previously associated only with documents such as characters. This feature of parts provides uniformity that does not exist in currently available applications where objects such as folders do not function as documents.
Another feature of a part is that it functions as a container, i.e. one part can contain another part. Further, one part does not limit the type of other parts it contains. Rather, if a part contains other types of parts, it can contain all types of parts. The features of this part make the present invention an ideal architecture for the generation of compound documents. Since a single document includes a plurality of parts, it can include all types of parts that automatically express different types of information without any changes or manipulation of the document.
These features result in an interface in the compound document that is integrated by arranging the different parts to produce the desired result. In this sense, the interface of the present invention is document centric rather than application oriented. That is, the conventional application program did not have a role in the interface of the present invention separated from the data combined to form a part.
Another feature of the present invention is the part method expressed to the user. One part is expressed as one icon having a part operation method with a small picture, and can be operated as a whole. For example, an icon may be dragged on the desktop or between windows and may be the purpose of dropping other icons during the drag operation. Further, the contents of the part are expanded to a work area defined by a window on the desktop in the same manner as a conventional application.
Parts are also represented as frames instead of icons. A frame is an area of the display screen that represents a part. Like icons, the frame has handles to parts that can be manipulated as a whole. They can be dragged on the desktop or between windows, and have a drop destination for drag operations. They can be opened in a window or closed and returned to a frame. However, unlike icons, frames can see the contents of parts and modify them appropriately.
A frame is a data structure that serves as an interface between the parts it contains, for example, a document and an embedded part. A frame consists of a number of attributes, some of which are controlled by the part it contains, and some by an embedded part. Using the frame as a medium, operators for the incorporated part and the incorporated part can adjust the space allocation given to the incorporated part within the incorporated part.
By utilizing parts as basic building blocks for user interfaces, the present invention can provide capabilities that were not available in previous personal computer applications. These capabilities will be described hereinafter with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing basic components of a computer system.
2A and 2B are two screens of a screen display, and show a state where a part is dragged from one folder to a document.
FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are two screens of the screen display, and show how the frames are activated.
4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating a state of a selected frame in the active frame.
5A and 5B are diagrams showing two examples of the frame structure.
5C-5F are flow diagrams illustrating examples of adjustments that occur between an embedded part and an embedded part regarding frame attributes.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the process of starting up the editor.
FIG. 7 is a screen display showing a part dragging procedure between the desktop and the document.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a process of dragging or dropping a part.
9A to 9C, 10A to 10C, and 11A to 11C are screen displays showing procedures for copying material from one part to another.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a process of placing material from one part to another part.
FIG. 13 is a screen display showing the state of a part with restricted access.
FIG. 14 is a screen display showing a part bin.
To facilitate an understanding of the invention and the advantages achieved by the invention, features of the invention refer to the use of the invention on Macintosh® brand computers supplied by Apple Computer, Inc. To explain. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art that the principles of the present invention are not limited to this particular operating system environment. Rather, the principles based on the present invention are applicable to any kind of computer operating system where it is desirable to have a uniform interface for compiling and editing documents, especially compound documents.
A typical computer system of the type in which the present invention is employed is that shown in the block diagram of FIG. The computer structure itself does not form part of the present invention. A computer system will now be briefly described for a later understanding of how the features of the present invention and its computer structure work together. In FIG. 1, the system includes a computer 10 to which various external peripheral devices 12 are connected. The computer 10 includes a central processing unit 14, a main memory in which static memory including a random access memory 12, a read-only memory 18 is implemented, and a permanent storage device such as a magnetic or optical disk 20. Contains. The CPU 14 communicates with each of these various memories via the internal bus 22. The peripheral device 12 includes a data input device such as a keyboard, a pointing device such as a mouse and a trackball, or a cursor control device 26. A display device 28, such as a CRT monitor or LCD screen, provides a visual display of information processed in the computer, for example, the contents of a document. A hard copy of this information is provided by the printer 30 or similar device. Each of these external peripheral devices communicates with the CPU 14 through one or more input / output ports 32 of the computer.
In particular, the present invention relates to a system for controlling a method in which a CPU 14 handles information operated by a keyboard 24 and a cursor control device 26 and a method for rendering the operated information to a user through a display device 30. . Examples of interfaces employing the principles of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. These figures depict a desktop 34 that defines a work area 36. The desktop also includes a menu bar 38. Within the work area 36 are two windows 40 and 42. The left window 40 is a folder window and includes icons representing various parts. As shown in FIG. 2A, the three icons 44 belong to the character part, the fourth icon 45 represents the graphic part, and the other icons 46 represent the form part. The sixth icon 48 is a stationery icon representing a part used for generating a presentation slide. In FIG. 2A, the right window 42 contains a text document. That is, the document includes the character part 50. This character part is generated by typing a character in the window 42 or by opening a character part previously generated in the window and represented by an icon.
FIG. 2B shows the result of the operation, and a graphic icon 45 has been dragged from the folder in the left window 40 to the text document in the right window 42. As is well known for interfaces with desktop metaphors such as those shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, dragging operates the cursor control device 26 to move and copy objects on the desktop and within windows. It is an action to do. Once the graphic icon is placed in the document, its contents are displayed in the frame 52. Since the document now contains graphic elements in addition to character elements, it is referred to as a compound document. The graphic elements in the character 50 and the frame 52 belong to different parts, and these gather together to make up a document. As described above, a part is a self-contained entity composed of content and an operator for the content. These two components are always available when the part is accessed, no matter where it is located on the desktop. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2A, when the graphic icon 45 is located in the folder of the window 40, it represents a part that includes a graphic element and an editor for that element. When the part is moved to the document in the window 42, the contents are moved together with the part, and the function of the editor for the contents is also available to the user.
What is important with this feature is the fact that the content of a part is always editable, otherwise it can be manipulated wherever it is located. Thus, in the compound document of FIG. 2B, the character content 50 can be edited in the document, for example, using the same word processor that was used when the character was first generated. Since the graphic editor exists as a component of the part represented by the frame 52, the graphic element of the part can also be directly edited as appropriate. Thus, unlike previous applications on the personal computer, the user opens the graphics application, for example in a separate window on the desktop 34, edits the graphics information into the desired shape, and then edits the edited graphics into the window 42. There is no need to move to another document. Rather, the user can edit the contents of the frame 52 directly without incorporating intermediate processes in the contents of the document in the window 42. Rather than an application program, the user can focus attention on the content of the document and can take advantage of the context provided by the surrounding documents.
Therefore, a part is a self-contained object that is autonomous in core system technology. It can be used with any kind of software engine or environment, and the user does not need to learn special editor operations for the part. As long as the editor for the part of the category is represented in the core system, the user can fully utilize the ability of the part. Furthermore, if the character portion is generated by a special text editor (word processor), the user is not limited to using that text editor for that part. If the user is familiar with commands from different word processors, the processor can be designated as the preferred editor for all character parts in the computer system.
The part is not limited only to the document and its contents. Rather, every object in the system constitutes a part. Therefore, the folder of the window 40 is a part, and its contents are icons 44-48. Similarly, the desktop 34 itself is a part, as are dialog boxes and other user interface objects.
The frame and icon are alternative displays of the part. The user can switch between the frame display and the icon display of the part, and this is done by a command from a suitable keyboard or a menu command. If the document is large, for example several pages long, only a part of it is displayed in the frame. Therefore, a frame like an icon can be opened in a window, so that, for example, it can be scrolled to see all the contents of a large part and functions available in the window, eg , Zoom in, and edit. Similarly, the part can be closed from the window display and returned to the frame display. Frames differ from icons in that their contents can be edited as appropriate. A frame is also different from a window because a single frame or multiple frames exist within a window. A window is a transitional view of an object that remains open only when a part is edited or validated. On the other hand, the frame is a permanent display method of the contents of the part.
A part, which takes the form of an icon or a frame, also serves as a container for other parts. In the example of FIG. 2B, the character 50 is present in the frame, but the border of the frame is the same as that of the window 42. This relatively large frame includes a relatively small frame 52 for the graphic part. The character part is at the outermost part of the window, so it is labeled "root part". Generally speaking, the root part establishes a basic editing policy for windows.
The root part is generated by a stationary icon, such as icon 48 shown in FIG. 2A. In general, a stationary icon represents a predefined part and functions as a metaphor for a paper table in the physical world. When creating a new document, a person removes a sheet of unused paper from the paper table and places the contents of the document, such as words or drawings, on it. The stationery icon plays a similar role. If the user wants to create a new text document, the text document stationery icon is opened by double clicking on it. In response, the stationary icon creates a copy of itself (or “rips”) and opens it in a window or frame. This copy is initially a blank with no content, or a normal part with some information like letterhead or company logo. The user then enters additional content, such as characters, into the document.
The stationery itself does not open as a window or a frame, it just exists as an icon. Only the stripped copy will open. Thus, if a stationary icon is dragged into the document, the copy is stripped and placed in the document, rather than opening itself in the frame, and the copy is opened in the frame. The stationary icon itself returns to the position it occupied before moving. This prevents stationery from being accidentally inserted into the document or lost.
Since the frame functions as a container, it shows the well-known nature of the window. For example, when the user selects a part, such as a graphic object, contained within the frame, the frame containing that part becomes active. When a part is active, it accepts commands and keyboard events and displays its menu and other user interface options. An example of frame activation is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. FIG. 3A shows a desktop having a window 54 containing a compound document having characters and graphic parts. In this compound document, the characters form the root part of the document. In the example of FIG. 3A, a part 56 of the character is selected and highlighted. In this case, the frame including the selected part is in contact with the boundary of the window itself. The desktop menu bar 58 contains appropriate commands for editing characters.
FIG. 3B shows an example in which a graphic element, that is, a triangle 60 is selected. The frame containing the graphic element is now active and its border is indicated by dotted line 62. Since the active frame is a graphic part this time, the command in the menu bar 58 is changed to an appropriate one for editing the graphic contents. In addition, a palette 64 is displayed on the desktop and includes tools necessary for editing the contents of the graphic of the active frame.
In addition to activating a frame, the user may also select a frame. The frame selection is accomplished, for example, by activating the frame so that its border is visible, and then placing the cursor pointer on the border of the frame while pressing a button on the cursor control device. FIG. 4 illustrates a frame 66 that includes both graphic content and character content. The frame boundary 68 is indicated by a dotted line, indicating the fact that it is the active frame. Among the active frames is a frame 70 that contains the contents of characters. This frame is selected by pressing the button on the cursor control device while positioning the pointer of the cursor 72 on the frame boundary 73. To indicate the fact that the frame 72 has been selected, the border 73 of the selected frame 72 has a different appearance than that of the active frame 66. For example, the boundary becomes wider as shown in FIG. In addition, a resize handle 74 is provided that can be used to change the shape and size of the frame in a well known manner.
In general, whenever any part or some of the content of a part is selected, the smallest frame containing the selected element becomes the active frame. Thus, when a word in frame 70 is selected, for example, by positioning the cursor on that word and clicking the cursor control button, frame 70 changes its state from active to active. At the same time, the border of the frame 66 becomes invisible. This is because this frame is no longer active or selected. Conversely, if a frame 66 is selected by clicking on its boundary 68, the boundary 73 disappears and the boundary 68 appears, and the boundary of the frame (or window) containing the frame 66 (see FIG. (Not shown in 4) becomes a high intensity display, indicating that it is active.
In the example of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 4, the frame is shown to be rectangular. Now, this shape is preferred for displaying the contents of most types of parts, but the shape of the frame need not be limited to a rectangle. Rather, the frame may take any form to suit the display content.
The frame is not an element of the part itself. Rather, the frame is another data structure that serves as an interface between the container part and the part to be incorporated. Each frame has many characteristic attributes. Its attributes are shown as various “shapes”. Each of these shapes represents a geometric description of a region that defines the content of a document shared by the container part and the part to be incorporated. Some of the shapes are controlled by the container part, while others are determined by the part being incorporated. In general, these various shapes can represent any region in the coordinate space of a document sentence. In this respect, the shape of the frame can express the separation area in the same way as the adjacent area.
Various characteristic shapes of the frame are described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B. In these diagrams, the diagram on the left represents a compound document including characters (root part) and a graphic part indicated by a triangle. On the other hand, the diagram on the right shows the shape attribute of the frame related to the graphic part.
One characteristic attribute of the frame is the frame shape. The shape is determined by the container part and describes the geometric area used to show the layout of the embedded part. In FIGS. 5A and 5B, the frame shape is indicated by the outermost solid line boundary 75. The area indicated by the shape affects scaling, line cutting, and other similar layout decisions that must be made by the editor for the embedded part. However, only the container part can change the frame shape directly. When this shape is changed by a container part, a notification is made to the part that incorporates it, so that appropriate changes are also made in the content of the part that incorporates it.
The second characteristic attribute of the frame is its clip shape. This is illustrated by the hatched boundary 76 in FIGS. 5A and 5B. The clip shape describes a geometric area where the contents of the part can be described in the incorporated part. In the example of FIG. 5A, the clip shape coexists with the frame shape. However, in the example of FIG. 5B, the table is overlaid in the lower left part of the triangular figure part. Therefore, the clip shape 76 related to the graphic part excludes the area covered by the table. The clip shape is determined by the text document that forms the container, ie the root part of the example shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Only that container can change the clip shape, and when it does, the container notifies the incorporated part of the change.
Yet another characteristic attribute of the frame is the in-use shape shown by the solid line 77 in FIGS. 5A and 5B. This shape is determined by the incorporated part and describes to the container the part of the geometric area that is actually used by the incorporated part. This shape becomes a subset of the frame shape as needed. The container part is not allowed to pull into the shape in use, but to the area outside the shape in use, even if it is inside the clip shape or frame shape. It is free to come. The embedded part can change the shape in use, and when it is done, the embedded part notifies the container part of the change.
The fourth characteristic attribute of the frame is its active shape, which is indicated by the shaded line 78 in FIGS. 5A and 5B. This shape is determined by the incorporated part, and for that container part, describes the geometric region in which the incorporated part accepts geometrically related events such as cursor control inputs. Whenever an event occurs in that area, the container part must communicate the event to its embedded part, rather than responding to the event itself. However, the container part is free to respond to events that occur in the area outside the active shape of the embedded part.
Another attribute of the frame is its group tag. A frame group tag is an identifier, such as a number, that uniquely identifies an associated set of frames in a given container. The container part uses the group tag to control the geometric relationship of the various frames of the group.
The frame allows the document structure to be coordinated with each other so that the embedded part and the embedded part know as little of each other's internal constraints as possible. Examples of adjustments that occur between an incorporated part and the incorporated part are shown in FIGS. 5C-5F. In the example of FIG. 5C, the frame shape is changed in the container. This procedure starts with a command from the user and changes the size of the frame, for example. In step 501, the incorporating part determines a new frame shape for the incorporated part, and notifies the frame (FRAME) of the new shape. In response, in step 502, the embedded frame converts the shape from the coordinate frame of the embedded frame to that of the embedded frame. This new shape is stored as a frame shape and communicated to its embedded part (PART). In step 503, the incorporated part adjusts itself to a new frame shape. For example, a text editor may reset the margin for character layout. If the in-use shape and the active shape are different from the frame shape margin, the embedded part also calculates these new shapes. At that time, control returns to the incorporating part, and in step 504, the incorporating part changes the clip shape of the frame (FRAME) to accommodate the new frame shape and notifies the frame of the new clip shape.
FIG. 5D illustrates the procedure that occurs when an embedded part requests a new frame shape. This requirement may come as a result of editing the content of an embedded part that requires additional space for the content to be laid out correctly. In step 505, a determination is made that the incorporated part requires a new frame shape, and the request is communicated to the display frame for the new shape. The old shape is saved by the incorporated part in case it is needed later. In step 506, the display frame converts the shape from the coordinate space of the embedded part to that in the container frame coordinate space and communicates the request to the embedded part. In step 507, the container part determines how to respond to the request. It may recognize the requirement for the desired shape, or may determine that a smaller shape is required. Once the frame shape has been determined, the clip shape for that frame is also transformed and a notification is given to the frame regarding its allowed shapes. In step 508, the display frame converts the shape at the coordinates of the frame to be incorporated into the shape at the incorporated frame. The new shape is saved as a frame shape, which is communicated to the incorporated part. In step 509, the incorporated part changes the use and active shapes of its display frame to match the new frame shape.
FIG. 5E illustrates the procedure when the container part changes the clip shape. In FIG. 5B, for example, the need to change the clip shape may occur as a result of a user action such that a portion of the area surrounded by the display frame overlaps the contents of different parts. unknown. In step 510, the incorporating part determines a new clip shape for the display frame and notifies the frame of this new shape. In step 511, the display frame conveys the notification to the incorporated part. In response, in step 512, the incorporated part adapts itself to the new clip shape by modifying it so that its contents are laid out appropriately.
FIG. 5F illustrates the procedure when the incorporated part changes its in-use shape. Again, the need for such changes may occur when editing the contents of that part by the user. In step 513, the incorporated part picks up the new in-use shape for its display frame and notifies this new shape frame. In step 514, the display frame communicates the notification to the part to be incorporated. In response, in step 515, the incorporating part adapts itself to the new in-use shape. For example, an embedded part may change the way its contents are laid out to make it different from the previous along the new shape.
Thus, a frame is a data structure that coordinates the required space allocation between the embedded part and the embedded part. By using various shape attributes, a frame can be used efficiently without the need for each part to include detailed information about the content and behavior of each other. The space is made available. Therefore, compound documents can be combined very flexibly.
Editors and other operators related to parts are similar to application programs in a conventional computer system. It is the software element that provides the necessary functionality to display the contents of the part and, where appropriate, provide a user interface to modify and modify the contents. This may include menus, controllers, tool palettes, and other interaction technologies. For parts that can contain other parts, the editor considers the included part when its contents are displayed. For example, the text editor wraps the contents of the part so that it does not appear in the in-use shape of the combined graphic part.
In order to use the functions provided by conventional applications, the program must be launched or booted. In other words, it needs to be stored in the active memory of the system, for example RAM 16. In a similar manner, the editor for a part must be executed in system memory or memory accessible to the CPU. In order to do this, an editor needs to be installed in the system. For example, it is stored in a folder on the hard disk 20 and called when a related part is accessed. To avoid wasting system resources, all installed editors need not always be loaded into system memory. Rather, they can be launched when needed. For example, an editor for a part may be launched when that part is dragged into a document, since that is probably when editing is needed.
The process of starting up an editor and other controls is illustrated in the flowchart of FIG. Referring to that figure, in step 601, the system looks for a part to be activated. This step is accessed in response to an event flag that is generated whenever the mouse button is pressed. Alternatively, this access may be a script step. Once activation of a part is detected, the system identifies the editor associated with that part (step 602). In this regard, each part has certain characteristics associated with it. One of these is a pointer that points to the editor for that part. Two other characteristics are the category of the part and its type, for example, whether it is a character, a graphic, or a form. The type is an indicator of the format for the content of the part. For example, one character part may be of the “word processor A” type, even if it belongs to the same category (character), and another type may be “word processor B”. Often, the type of part is determined by the last editor used in the part content. Generally speaking, a category is a set of part types, and the category determines the set of part editors and viewers that are applicable to a given part. Part characteristics are stored along with their contents. For example, the characteristics of all parts are included in a “characteristic sheet” that is stored with the contents of the part.
Once the editor (or part type) is recognized at step 602, the system determines whether the editor is already running in memory (step 603). If so, the system returns to the main routine and waits for further action from the user. If the editor is not already running, the system checks whether the editor identified in step 602 is installed in the system (step 604). If the editor identified in step 602 is installed in the system, the editor is launched in step 605 and enabled to edit the contents of the part.
However, there may be cases where the part editor is not currently installed in the system. In this case, the decision at step 604 is “negative” and in response, the system determines whether the user has selected a suitable editor for the category of the part (step 606). That is, the user can select a preferred or default editor for each different category of part. Thus, if the user is familiar with the function commands of a particular word processor, that processor is selected as the preferred text editor for all parts of the character category. If a preferred editor is selected, the system checks whether the preferred editor is installed on the system (step 607). And if so, it is launched at step 608.
If no preferred editor has been specified, or if no suitable editor exists in the system, step 609 checks to see if there is any editor in the system for that category of parts. Is made. If there is no editor, an appropriate warning is given to the user (step 610) and the system returns to the background routine. If more than one editor is available for the category, they are listed and the user is prompted to select one (step 611). In response to the selection by the user, the selected editor is launched (step 612) and it is saved as the preferred editor for that category of parts (step 613). The system then returns to the background routine and waits for further input from the user.
The user is given an opportunity to change the editor specified for the part at any time, for example through an appropriate menu command. By executing this command, the user can change the pointer stored as one of the part characteristics to the location of a different editor installed in the system. Menu commands are also provided to allow the user to select a suitable editor at different levels, for example at the document level (all character parts of the document have the same editor) and at the global level (system wide). Whenever the user accesses the menu and selects or modifies a part editor, only the set of installed editors appropriate for the part category is displayed for the user to select.
If desired, the system can keep a record of the last time each editor running in memory was used. If the editor has not been used for a predetermined time, the system automatically deletes the editor from memory, thereby avoiding wasting system resources. Also, when a document is closed, the editor associated with that part of the document is also closed if it does not belong to another part that is currently open, eg, another document.
Due to the autonomous nature of the parts, the various part containers are by no means limited to special pipes. For example, in the past, text documents could contain graphics and other content only if they were in a specific data format. This type of constraint is removed by the architecture of the present invention. Basically, any part is a “black box” for other parts. A container part need not have information about the internal structure or the semantics of the other parts it contains. A container part simply functions as a wrapper for the other parts it contains. This kind of architecture makes compiling and editing compound documents very easy.
Continuing further, the document is represented by an icon located on the desktop itself. In FIG. 7A, the illustrated desktop includes a window 79 containing a text document. Further, there is a graphic document icon 80 on the desktop. Each window and icon represents a respective part. In the case of a text document located in the window, the part is expressed in the form of a frame. The border of the frame touches the border of the window itself. According to the present invention, a part represented by an icon is directly manipulated by a user and placed in a text document without the need for a dialog box or the like. This operation will be described later with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 7A-7E and FIGS. 8A-8B.
In order to place the graphic document represented by the icon 80 on the text document body in the window 79, the user first positions the mouse pointer on the icon (step 801), and then presses the mouse button to place the icon. Select (step 802). In response, the system highlights the icon and indicates the fact that it has been selected (step 803). In the example of FIG. 7A, the increase in the brightness of the icon 80 is indicated by a reverse display of the icon picture and the title.
While holding down the mouse button, the user moves the cursor to a desired position of the graphic part (step 804). As shown in FIG. 7B, the selected icon moves in accordance with the movement of the cursor. Moving the icon to the cursor is known as a “drag” operation. When the icon is dragged to the desired position, the icon's ghost outline 81 remains on the desktop, indicating its original position. Alternatively, the ghost outline may move with the cursor, leaving the complete icon display in its original position, as illustrated in step 805.
While dragging this icon, the system determines whether the cursor has entered the window (step 806). When the icon 80 is located inside the window 79, the window itself changes to a high-intensity display. When the system detects that the dragged icon has entered a frame in the window (step 807), the frame is displayed with a suitably high intensity, indicating that the frame has received the dragged object (step 808). ). If the icon continues to be dragged and goes out of the frame, the high brightness display of the frame is lost (step 809). Conversely, if multiple frames are nested inside each other, each of the nested frames in turn becomes active as its icon is dragged inside. In this way, the system provides feedback on which frame is active and when the icon is dropped when the cursor control button is released.
Once the dragged icon is at the desired position, the user releases the mouse button (step 810). At this point, the system determines the preferred display method for that part. For example, whether it should be displayed as an icon or a frame (step 811). In the example of FIGS. 7A to 7E, since the part is placed in the document, the preferred display method is a frame. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7C, when the mouse button is released, the graphic part is displayed as a frame 86 with the location corresponding to the position of the cursor as the upper left corner (step 812). Also, as shown in FIG. 7C, the frame is expressed with a thick dotted boundary and with a resize handle added, indicating that it is the selected part.
The reverse operation is performed to return the part from the document to the desktop. Furthermore, the part can be copied so that its contents remain in the document, while another display of the part is placed on the desktop. To do this, the user presses a function key such as a control or option key on the keyboard while dragging the frame. By pressing the function key at the same time as pressing the mouse button, the system is instructed to execute a copy operation. At that time, the user drags the frame to the desktop as shown in FIG. 7D while holding down the mouse button. Here, the contents 88 of the graphic part remain in the text document, and a second copy of that part appears in the frame 86. Once the frame has moved to the desired position on the desktop, the mouse button is released and the system again determines the preferred display method for the part. In this case, since the part is located on the desktop, the preferred display is an icon. Accordingly, the part icon display 80 is displayed on the desktop as shown in FIG. 7E.
In the system of the present invention, the desktop metaphor is better preserved because the parts are manipulated directly between the desktop and the document. That is, the user picks up a desired part from the desktop and places it directly in the document without performing an intermediate operation such as writing in a dialog box. As a result, the time and many steps required to bring new content into the document can be reduced.
For more information on one way the system implements the ability to drag and drop objects between the desktop and the document, see application number _______ filed on Mar. 3, 1993, Robert G. . Johnson Junior, Mark L. Stern, Debit L. Evans, the name of which is described in the invention "improved data manipulation device and method between application program and file system in computer controlled display system" The disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Now, as described above, each part has a characteristic that is referenced in its preferred representation. This property can be displayed as an icon or as a frame so that the parts contained in a given part usually have behavior that is traditionally related to both folders and document windows. Decide what will be done. Generally speaking, all parts are classified as desktop parts or document parts. The purpose of the desktop part is to include or operate on other parts such as folders, printers, or mailboxes. A preferred display for the parts included in the desktop part is like an icon. The purpose of the document part is ultimately to be printed on a paper such as a character document or a graphic document or other hard copy. A preferred display for the parts included in the document part is like a frame. Thus, referring to the operations illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7C, a graphic part is displayed as an icon when it is on the desktop (FIG. 7A), but a frame display when it is placed in the document. (FIG. 7C). Similarly, when the part moves from the document to the desktop, the display changes from a frame to an icon (FIGS. 7C-7E). Of course, the user has the option to change the display of any part, for example through a keyboard or menu command.
As mentioned above, stationery reparts differ in that they are only displayed with icons. It can move from one desktop part to another. Therefore, for example, it can be handled like a normal part in a folder. However, if you attempt to move a stationery part to a document part, a copy of the stationery part is placed in the document part instead, and that copy appears as a frame.
In addition to moving parts as a whole, the user can select and move some or all of the contents of the part. Each part has its own type of content. For example, the character part includes text characters, and the graphic part includes graphic elements. The user can select some of the unique content of one part, i.e. the donor part, and move or copy them to a different part, i.e. the destination part. There can be three scenarios when this type of operation occurs. (1) Both the donor part and the destination part contain the same unique type of data. (2) Although the donor part and destination part contain different types of data, the destination part can incorporate a category of data received from the donor part. (3) The donor part and the destination part are different types of data, and the destination part is not adjusted to incorporate the category of data received from the donor part. Each of these three cases will be described below with reference to the illustrated example.
In the first scenario, the donor part and the destination part are of the same type. For example, their unique content may be text characters and they may have been generated by the same word processor. FIG. 9A illustrates an example in which two character documents 90 and 92 are each in two windows on the desktop. A portion 94 of the characters in the left document 90 is selected, which is shown in reverse video. This selected character is to be copied to the document 92 in the right window. Accordingly, the user depresses the mouse button while holding down the function key, and if necessary, drags a copy 95 of the selected character 94 to the right document 92 as shown in FIG. 9B. Once the cursor enters the second document 92, the document is displayed with high brightness. Since the left document 90 is now inactive, it is placed behind the document 92 and its title bar is no longer a high intensity display.
Once the copied text is in the desired location, the user releases the mouse button and places the text in the document, as shown in FIG. 9C. Since the text copied from the first document to the second document is of the same type as the unique content of the second text, the text is incorporated into the content of the second document. In other words, once the selected text is placed in the second document, it no longer has its own independent subjectivity. Rather, it becomes part of the unique content of the destination document. Thus, it can be edited with the same editor used for the original content of the destination document.
In the case of the second scenario described above, the unique contents of the donor part and the destination part are different types, but the destination part can handle the information of the category included in the donor part. In FIG. 10A, text 96 selected from a document 90 generated using the full power of the text editor is to be copied to a dialog box 98. In this example, the selected text 96 is adapted to some form. That is, it has a bold attribute and is an italic font. However, the dialog box only handles ordinary text.
In a manner similar to the previous example, a copy of the selected text 96 is dragged from the text document to the dialog box. When the cursor enters the dialog box, it moves to the top of the display as shown in FIG. 10B. Once the copy of the selected text is at the appropriate location in the dialog box, the user releases the mouse button and “drops” it appropriately. At this point, the system determines that the dropped text is not of the same type as the unique contents of the dialog box, i.e., has a format rather than a normal format. However, since it is a character, it belongs to a compatible category. Thus, the system converts text with a certain format into plain text by removing its style attributes, and then converts it as part of its own content, as shown in FIG. 10C. Include in the dialog box. Now, the copied text that is wrapped over two lines in the original document 90 is converted into a dialog box 98, for example, by removing carriage returns that were present in the selected copy of the text. Re-wrapped as one line as part.
In the case of the third scenario described above, the unique content of the donor document is of a different type and incompatible category compared to the destination part. In FIG. 11A, the text 94 selected from the text document 90 is to be copied to the graphic document 100. Again, the user drags a copy of the selected text from the text document 90 to the graphic document 100. As soon as the cursor enters the destination document, the graphic document 100 is displayed with high brightness (FIG. 11B). Once the text copy 95 is in the proper position, the user releases the mouse button and drops the text on the graphic document. In this case, the selection, ie the text category, is not compatible with the specific content of the destination document, ie the graphic element. Thus, the system creates a new part of the same type (character) as the donor document, inserts a copy of the selection into that part, and incorporates the new part into the destination document. In this way, the new part retains its own uniqueness in the destination document. It will have its own unique content: text characters and associated text editors. Since the new product is a separate part, it remains in the graphic document as a frame 102 as illustrated in FIG. 11C. Frame 102 remains as the selected object, as illustrated by the borders around that frame.
When the selected copy of text moves from the text document to the graphic document, the desktop menu bar 104 retains the commands associated with the text document, as illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B. However, once the copied text has been dropped into the graphic document, the commands available on the menu bar 104 are adapted to the text editor from the one adapted to the text editor, as shown in FIG. 11C. Switch to things. In addition, a toolbar 106 associated with the graphic editor appears on the desktop. This is because the selected part is now located in the graphic document and the graphic document is the active document. However, if the user positions the cursor in the frame 102 and selects a character or word, the toolbar 106 is removed and the menu bar 104 commands are changed to those appropriate for character editing.
In summary, when content moves from one document to another, the system determines whether the content is incorporated into the destination document as part of its unique content, or whether it is an autonomous part of the destination document. Judge as to what should be incorporated. The operation of the system performing this process is illustrated in the flowchart of FIG. After the user selects an object and drags it to the intended destination, the system determines the type of part in which the selected object originally existed (step 1201). For example, the selected object may be plain text, some form of text, a graphic element, or the like. One of the properties stored for each part identifies which type of part it is, and each object that is moved or copied from that part also has its identified type Is recognized as being. After the part type is identified, it is determined whether the type is the same as the destination document type (step 1202). If so, the selected content is incorporated or inserted into the destination document and becomes part of its unique content (step 1203). If the selected information is not the same as the type of destination document, the system determines whether it belongs to the same category (step 1204). For example, if the selected information is text with a certain formatting style and normal text in the destination document, they are of different types but belong to the same category. If the selected information belongs to the same category as the destination document, the system converts the selected information to the same type as the destination document (step 1205). For example, text generated by one word processor is converted into a format adopted by a different word processor. Alternatively, the graphic document is converted from one file format to another. Once the conversion is complete, the selected information is incorporated into the contents of the destination document (step 1209). If the selected information does not belong to the same category as the destination document, a new part is generated with the selected information as its content (step 1206), and the new part is framed. Is incorporated into the destination document (step 1207).
Due to the autonomous nature of parts, parts make it very easy to exchange information between various users. A document, eg, a root part, contains several other parts. The user can retrieve the entire document, view it, and edit its individual parts if desired. Alternatively, each individual part is placed on the desktop and shared by many users, while access to the document is protected as a whole.
In more detail, each part is protected with limited access rights. For example, a document containing several different parts may be intended for distribution to many different types of people. Some of these parts may contain sensitive information that you do not want to be exposed to certain types of people. According to the gist of the invention, these individual parts are protected with limited access rights. The contents are then circulated only by people with appropriate passwords or other access means. In other words, the access restriction function is another characteristic property of the part.
In FIG. 13, the illustrated document 108 is composed of many parts, and each part is included in a frame indicated by a broken line. Access to one of the parts 110 is restricted. For example, the part may contain confidential form data. Since access to this part is restricted, its contents are not displayed in the frame. Rather, the frame is opaque and displays an appropriate symbol, such as key 112, indicating that something like a password is needed to access it.
Document 108 is opened by a user of the system and can see its summary layout and non-confidential part information. However, the data contained within the confidential part 110 is only viewable by those who have the proper password to access that part. When such a person selects the part, the opaque cover is removed and its contents are displayed.
Although its contents are not accessed, other characteristics of the restricted part are still available to system users who do not have the password. For example, the position of the part in the document can be changed, it can be selected, and the size can be changed by moving a resize handle at the border of the frame. Similarly, parts with restricted access can be copied anywhere. However, the access restrictions remain attached to the copied copy wherever it is copied.
A part with restricted access can have other parts built into it. As a result, if a user does not have the proper password and has access to the contents of a part, the other parts contained in it can also be viewed in a restricted manner. Once a password is accepted, it is automatically passed to all embedded parts, and those restrictions are lifted so that the user can view it without bothering the user. However, of course, the embedded part can have a different password associated with it, and even if the user has access to one restricted part, access to the other parts it contains is further restricted. Sometimes.
Thus, the present invention can limit access to the contents of the document at the internal level of the document. The access restriction can be specified for each part, and is effective regardless of where the data of the part exists. By such a method, a part to which no privilege is given in the document can be accessed by the user without imposing access restrictions over the entire document. The ability to restrict access on a part-by-part basis in a large document with many authors makes it very flexible for the authors to review the document and work together.
A special type of part called a “part bin” is provided to facilitate part manipulation and compound document compilation. An example of a parts bin is shown in FIG. Referring to that figure, the document is opened in window 120 and the parts bin for that document appears in another area referred to as the windowid. The windowid is associated with window 120, and if the document window is brought to the front of the screen, both the windowid will be on the front of the screen.
The parts bin 122 is essentially a user-defined palette that serves as a source for other parts. It contains only other parts and has no specific content. The parts inside the parts bin have “frozen” properties. That is, when the user presses the mouse button while the normal cursor is positioned in the frame, the smallest element at the position of the cursor is selected. In FIG. 14, in the normal case, if the cursor is placed in one cell of the form frame 124 and the cursor control button is pressed, the contents of that cell are selected. Now, the user may have intended to select a different object, for example the entire form including the cell that was actually selected. To do this, the user must move the cursor to another area in the frame, but outside other parts that are incorporated in the desired part. However, this requirement is removed by freezing the parts in the parts bin. In this case, the user positions the cursor anywhere in the part, clicks the mouse, and selects the entire part. Therefore, even if the parts in the parts bin are expressed as a frame including other incorporated parts, they are treated as a whole.
The parts in the parts bin are also locked so that their contents are not modified. The locked properties of the parts bin are indicated by the padlock symbol 126 in the windid header. If the user tries to drag a part out of a locked part pin, a copy of that part is automatically made and the original part stays in the part bin, ensuring the integrity of the bin contents. Is done. In order to allow the user to customize his / her parts bin, the parts bin lock is released, for example, by clicking on the padlock symbol 126 and the part is modified.
In a further embodiment of this aspect of the invention, every document can have an associated parts bin. The “document parts bin” allows a standard set of parts to be combined into a document, so that the user of the document can have parts that are readily available. By executing a certain command, the user causes the document part bin to be displayed on the window id or drawer. A document with an accompanying parts bin can have restrictive properties placed there, and only the parts placed in the document will be in that bin. Attempting to put other parts in the restricted document will be rejected. The property ensures that the user of the document only works with a certain set of parts, thereby reducing the training, support, maintenance, etc. associated with the document creation. For example, a parts bin in a data entry form has only the parts needed to enter data in that format. As a result, untrained users do not encounter unexpected parts that may not be used correctly. The restrictions on parts also help the organization control the content of the document.
In addition to the user benefits described above, the architecture of the present invention has various advantages for software developers. For example, a form program was originally designed to process numbers. Developers experienced in this field can spend time most efficiently on this feature. However, the text editor is a necessary part of the form application because the user must be able to edit the text with formulas and numbers. Having to write a text editor is necessary and difficult for a developer of a form program, along with a conventional program. However, in an environment where the text editor selected by the user can be used as a separate and independent part in the form, it is no longer necessary for the form program developer to write the text editor. The developer can spend more of his time on the core part of the form program and have to spend developing other parts that were previously incidental to the many processing functions of the form. Special functions and the like can be incorporated by using the time that could not be used because of the time.
In addition, when the software developer decides to add new features or fix existing bugs, the task becomes even easier. In particular, the developer need only concentrate on the form part of the program and does not need to pay attention to the incidental elements such as a text editor.
The present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments described herein to make it easier to understand the underlying principles of the invention. For example, text and graphics are only used as examples to represent document elements. The contents of the part are not limited to the two specific examples here. Rather, the content of the part can be any type of media, including video, sound, or video. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined only by the claims appended hereto and not by the foregoing description. All equivalents consistent with the meaning of the claims are to be included in the scope.
A display that displays the contents of the document as it was generated and edited; a pointing device that controls the operation of the elements of the document during editing; and a computer-human interface for generating and operating a compound document In a computer system comprising
Means for storing all the constituent objects of the document as parts, each of which includes a unique content and an associated operator for said content;
Means for displaying the part to a user;
In response to activation of the device, the displayed part can be selected by the user, moved within the display, placed in another part, becomes part of the content of the other part, and the content Means capable of being operated by the associated operator;
Means for determining an operator related to a part by selecting the part in the computer, automatically starting the determined operator, and making the function of the part available to the user;
The system is characterized in that the operator is software that displays a content of the part and provides a user interface for changing and correcting the content of the part if necessary.
The display means displays the part as an icon or a frame,
The system according to claim 1, wherein the unique content of the part is visualized in the frame and is operated by the associated operator.
The interface includes a desktop metaphor comprising a window on the display;
On the display, the content of the document is displayed and scrolled for editing and overview purposes,
3. The system according to claim 2, further comprising means for opening a part from the icon or frame display to open a window for displaying and operating the content of the part in response to the device. .
The frame defines a geometric relationship between a first part and an embedded second part contained within the first part;
The definition includes attributes stored on the computer to define the relationship;
(I) a frame shape that describes an area within the first part that is available for the contents of the second part;
3. The system of claim 2, including (ii) an in-use shape that describes an area within the frame shape that actually contains the contents of the second part.
Frames are further stored as attributes
(Iii) a clip shape that describes an area within the shape of the frame in which the content of the second part is displayed;
5. The active shape describing an area in the clip shape, wherein an event related to the activation of the device is sent to an operator for the second part. system.
The system of claim 1, further comprising means for allowing a user to replace an operator associated with a part with a different operator appropriate to use the unique content of the part.
Further comprising means for defining one part as a parts bin containing other parts;
Other parts included in the part are prohibited by the device from accessing individual elements within the other parts included in the part, while other parts included in the part are totally excluded by the device. 2. The system of claim 1 having freezing characteristics such that it can be selected and manipulated.
The parts bin is lockable so that a part having the contents of the bin can be copied but not removed from the parts bin or modified by a user. The system according to claim 7.
8. The system according to claim 7, further comprising means for attaching a parts bin to the document stored in the computer and limiting the contents of the document to parts contained in the parts bin.
A composite document is generated and manipulated such that a first element of the document is incorporated into a second element of the document, each of the elements comprising an associated content, an operator for the content, and the first and second In a computer system having an interface system that defines associations between elements, the interface system comprises:
Means for storing the first shape;
Means for storing a second shape;
The first shape is determined by the second element and defines a region within the second element that is available for placement of content of the first element;
The second shape is determined by the first element and defines a portion of the region in which the content of the first element is actually located;
The interface system is software that displays the contents and provides a user interface for changing and correcting the contents if necessary.
Means for storing a third shape;
Means for storing a fourth shape;
The third shape is determined by the second element and defines a portion of the area in which the content of the first element is displayed;
The fourth shape is determined by the first element and defines a portion of the third shape in which user input to the system is communicated to the operator for the first element; The interface system according to claim 10, wherein the interface system is characterized.
A compound document in which each element is stored as an object having contents, each of the objects has an operator attached to the contents of the object, and the first object is embedded in the second object. A method of generating in a computer system, comprising:
Determining an area in the content of the second object to be assigned to the content of the first object by the operator on the second object;
Establishing a frame shape corresponding to the region, and notifying the operator of the first object of the frame shape;
Determining a layout of the contents of the first object in the frame shape by the operator for the first object;
Determining a part of the area in which the content of the first object is displayed by the operation element related to the second object;
Notifying the operator of the first object of a part of the area;
Displaying at least some of the contents of the first object in a portion of the area;
A compound document generation method, wherein the operator is software that displays a content of the object and provides a user interface for changing and correcting the content of the object if necessary.
The in-use shape corresponding to the subset of the region occupied by the contents of the first object is determined by the operator for the first object, and the operator for the second object of the in-use shape is determined. The compound document generation method according to claim 12, further comprising a step of notifying.
The compound document generation method according to claim 13, further comprising displaying at least some of the contents of the second object in an area outside the in-use shape.
Determining an active shape corresponding to a partial subset of the region by the manipulator for the first object;
Detecting a user input event related to manipulation of the content of the document;
Determining whether a user input event has occurred in the active shape;
The composite of claim 12, further comprising a step of presenting a detected user input event to the operator related to the first object when occurrence in the active shape is determined. Document generation method.
JP52556694A 1993-05-10 1994-05-04 Computer / human interface system for compound documents Expired - Lifetime JP3849880B2 (en)
JPH08510345A JPH08510345A (en) 1996-10-29
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1994-05-04 EP EP94916037A patent/EP0698241B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1994-05-04 CN CN94192430A patent/CN1125492A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
1994-05-04 CA CA002162583A patent/CA2162583C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2014-05-04 EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term