Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/148758251/03-11-General-Design-Design-and-Appearance-of-Bridges
Timestamp: 2019-02-22 11:01:34
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03.11 - General Design - Design and Appearance of Bridges | Architect | Design
03.11 - General Design - Design and Appearance of Bridges
03.11 - General Design - Design and Appearance of ...
PART 11 BA 41/98 THE DESIGN AND APPEARANCE OF BRIDGES
SUMMARY This Advice Note gives guidelines for the scope of work expected from those designing bridges, and basic principles of design with which bridge designers should be conversant. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE 1. Remove BA 41/94, which is superseded by BA 41/98, and archive as appropriate. Insert BA 41/98 into correct place. Archive this sheet as appropriate.
PAPER COPIES OF THIS ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT ARE UNCONTROLLED . and basic principles of design with which bridge designers should be conversant.DESIGN MANUAL FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES BA 41/98 THE HIGHWAYS AGENCY THE SCOTTISH OFFICE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT THE WELSH OFFICE Y SWYDDFA GYMREIG THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT FOR NORTHERN IRELAND The Design and Appearance of Bridges Summary: This Advice Note gives guidelines for the scope of work expected from those designing bridges. ELECTRONIC COPY NOT FOR USE OUTSIDE THE AGENCY.
PAPER COPIES OF THIS ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT ARE UNCONTROLLED .Volume 1 Section 3 Part 11 BA 41/98 Registration of Amendments REGISTRATION OF AMENDMENTS Amend No Page No Signature & Date of incorporation of amendments Amend No Page No Signature & Date of incorporation of amendments February 1998 ELECTRONIC COPY NOT FOR USE OUTSIDE THE AGENCY.
PAPER COPIES OF THIS ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT ARE UNCONTROLLED .Registration of Amendments Volume 1 Section 3 Part 11 BA 41/98 REGISTRATION OF AMENDMENTS Amend No Page No Signature & Date of incorporation of amendments Amend No Page No Signature & Date of incorporation of amendments February 1998 ELECTRONIC COPY NOT FOR USE OUTSIDE THE AGENCY.
11. 4. 10. 6. 7.DESIGN MANUAL FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES VOLUME 1 SECTION 3 HIGHWAY STRUCTURES: APPROVAL PROCEDURES AND GENERAL DESIGN GENERAL DESIGN PART 11 BA 41/98 THE DESIGN AND APPEARANCE OF BRIDGES Contents Chapter 1. 8. 3. Introduction Major Factors Approach to Design General Principles The Whole and the Parts Surfaces and Weathering Aids to Design Special Problems Conclusion Bibliography Enquiries February 1998 . 5. 9. 2.
but a synthesis in which the understanding of the parts is absorbed into an integrated whole. military engineering. is about the whole. Account has been taken of the views of the Royal Fine Art Commission for Scotland and many experienced and award winning bridge engineers. to work out the most economical structural/ constructional solution and then decide how to make it look nice. This document continues and reaffirms that advice. Mediaeval cathedral designers mixed up aesthetic and structural design rules with no distinction between them. and since 1925 Ministers of Transport. The importance of the appearance of bridges • 1. Engineers and architects 1. 1.3 Bridges are some of the largest and most visible man-made objects and it is important that they should be good in appearance as well as in other ways. as the client in England.7 The first is the architect’s pitfall. tunnels and ancillary buildings. They are engineering but they are also architecture. Synthesis is what is needed. not putting bits of knowledge together to create a camel where a horse was wanted. It is a publication that abundantly illustrates both the growing importance of designing highway structures for the environment and the advances in construction technology since the Ministry of Transport publication The Appearance of Bridges was first published in 1964. and design. the results are most unlikely to be good. people have gained enormously in depth of understanding of them. The RFAC and RFACS have always been concerned about the appearance of the bridges submitted to them. 1.8 A small minority of civil engineers become bridge designers. design are also required. All the important issues have to be kept in mind from the start. 1. PAPER COPIES OF THIS ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT ARE UNCONTROLLED 1/1 . Therefore they can make a valuable February 1998 ELECTRONIC COPY NOT FOR USE OUTSIDE THE AGENCY.1 This Advice Note gives guidelines for the scope of work expected from those designing bridges. In each case.Volume 1 Section 3 Part 11 BA 41/98 Chapter 1 Introduction 1. It should be noted that together these documents present the principles which Overseeing Organisations regard as being the minimum standards of aesthetic design. understanding of. What has been lost is a view of the whole. especially bridge design. have periodically issued advice to engineers on how to improve appearance. by the time the decision has been made it is almost certainly too late to get it right. INTRODUCTION General 1. By splitting subjects into smaller and smaller subdivisions. An understanding of good design is also required on the part of the client and contractor. in which appearance takes its rightful place alongside function.2 More specific and extensive advice on the appearance of bridges and other highway structures is now contained in a separate publication designed to be read in conjunction with this Advice Note. but it is not sufficient. The new document entitled The Appearance of Bridges and Other Highway Structures (ISBN 0 11 551804 5) deals in more detail with the design of bridges. Vitruvius makes no distinctions between engineering and architecture and deals not only with what we now consider to be architecture and town planning but with civil engineering. To be a good bridge designer it is necessary to be a good engineer. and their academic training generally deals with appearance within the process of bridge design at a very elementary level. just as at their best Gothic cathedrals are. and to decide what it should look like and then work out how to make it stand up and how to build it. and unless a design team includes at least one good designer. this note may be seen as part of an effort to raise the consciousness of engineers about the importance of an integrated approach to bridge design. Architects learn through integrated design with particular emphasis on appearance all through their training and in practice are constantly aware of the aesthetic implications of their decisions.5 Bridges are forms seen in light. retaining walls. and basic principles of design with which bridge designers should be conversant. artillery and clocks. While it is not possible to lay down hard and fast rules for appearance in the same way as for more technical matters. Further Advice 1. but have lost as much or more than has been gained. structure/construction and economy. the second the engineer’s.4 Good design requires good designers. A talent for. culverts.6 There are at least two ways not to design a bridge: • 1.
12 A bridge is also part of the environment. use and everything else come together. The advice should be incorporated in tender documents for consultants. PAPER COPIES OF THIS ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT ARE UNCONTROLLED . which may be known or in some cases may be invented. it is not worthy of being called design. Unless the wider view of the whole is kept in sight. as well as apparently minor but visually important considerations. The site holds the most important clues to what the bridge should be like. 1/2 February 1998 ELECTRONIC COPY NOT FOR USE OUTSIDE THE AGENCY. The function of the bridge and its relation to the route which it serves also play primary parts. such as the way the nature of light and shadow affects the way we see things. Designing bridges 1. especially on sensitive sites and on major structures. but analysis is only a tool for design. Artists can also have a visual input to the appearance of bridges. a thing in itself. Scope 1. and both need a certain humility. Although architects do not normally have the technical background to design bridges.13 This Advice Note covers basic principles tor the approach to design and for the appearance of road bridges.11 A bridge is an entity. The second set of clues is the sensible and economical ways of building it. It can also help to look at bridges and buildings to see how aesthetic problems have been resolved. but there is no way of knowing whether there is a still better one except by finding it. The process is mostly rational and can be judged rationally. one of which is the immediate physical location. but all the time it is necessary to keep the aesthetic and environmental implications in mind. sometimes an idea which resolves most of the conflicts in a new way will suddenly emerge. 1. in Design and Build and DBFO tender documents. Bray Viaduct The best design is the best balance of the many conflicting requirements.9 In England and Wales. knowledge and sympathy. The environment has many aspects. Often the best way in which an engineer can develop his aesthetic appreciation and approaches to dealing with aesthetic problems is by working with architects over many years. a unity in which all its parts relate to the whole and to each other. the site. If the designers have been sufficiently immersed in the facts and their conflicts. or not. Volume 1 Section 3 Part 11 BA 41/98 Figure 1. and so on. It also has relevance to other highway structures such as tunnels and retaining walls. Design is an iterative process.14 This Advice Note should be used forthwith on all road schemes incorporating the construction of new bridges or the major alteration of existing bridges. and on architects suitable for the particular project with its specific problems and individual location can be obtained from the Architect/ Planner to the Highways Agency. Therefore it can be of benefit for a bridge design team to have an architect as adviser. or perhaps what it should not be like. appearance. and these clues are both technical and aesthetic. materials. construction. not necessarily only on bridges. their experience in integrated design can help improve the appearance of bridges. advice on when and where to appoint an architect. It is necessary to concentrate on particular aspects for purposes of analysis.Chapter 1 Introduction contribution to bridge design. and in briefs for design competitions. Implementation 1. It should be a unity in which structure.10 To work effectively together it is necessary for engineers and architects to have some common understanding. Each must understand something of the other’s discipline. Most of the effort during the design process is going to be technical. usually working together with an architect. some area of overlap in aims. 1. 1. However the unconscious is better at making sideways jumps than the conscious mind. and this is one of the most satisfying experiences a designer can have.
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