Source: http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US8126979
Timestamp: 2013-05-26 05:26:46
Document Index: 610607711

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 01964695']

�M�Q US8126979 - Automated response to computer users context - Google �M�Q�j�M �Ϥ� �a�� Play YouTube �s�D Gmail ���ݵw�� ��h »�i���M�Q�j�M | �������� | �n�J�i���M�Q�j�M�M�QTechniques are described for providing information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes. In some situations the providing includes receiving from a first client an indication of an interest in receiving values for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled...http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US8126979?utm_source=gb-gplus-share�M�Q US8126979 - Automated response to computer users context���}��US8126979 B2�X���������v�ӽЮѽs��12/759,523�o�G���2012�~2��28���ӽФ��2010�~4��13�� �u���v���1998�~12��18����L���}�M�Q��US7225229US7346663US7734780US20070156891US20080313271US20100257235�o��HKenneth H. AbbottJoshua M. FreedmanDan NewellJames O. Robarts��M�Q�v�HMicrosoft Corporation ���M�Q������709/206709/219709/224��ڱM�Q������G06F13/00 �X�@����G06Q30/02 �ڬw������G06Q 30/02�ѦҤ��m�M�Q�ޥ� (105)�D�M�Q�ޥ� (135)�Q�H�U�M�Q�ޥ� (1)�~���s�����M�Q�ӼЧ� ���M�Q�ӼЧ��M�Q����T�� �ڬw�M�Q��Automated response to computer users contextUS 8126979 B2�K�n Techniques are described for providing information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes. In some situations the providing includes receiving from a first client an indication of an interest in receiving values for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state, receiving from a second client an indication of an interest in receiving values for another of the state attributes of the modeled current state, and, in response to receiving a value for the indicated one attribute from a first source, determining that the first client has an interest in receiving the received value and supplying the received value to the first client.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/049,898, filed Mar. 17, 2008 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,734,780, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/567,695, entitled ��AUTOMATED RESPONSE TO COMPUTER USER'S CONTEXT�� and filed Dec. 6, 2006 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,346,663, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/724,892 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,225,229), entitled ��AUTOMATED PUSHING OF COMPUTER USER'S CONTEXT DATA TO CLIENTS�� and filed on Nov. 28, 2000. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/724,892 is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/216,193, (U.S. Pat. No. 6,466,232) entitled ��METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION TO A USER BASED ON THE USER'S CONDITION�� and filed Dec. 18, 1998. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/724,892 is also a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/464,659, (U.S. Pat. No. 6,513,046) entitled ��STORING AND RECALLING INFORMATION TO AUGMENT HUMAN MEMORIES��, and filed Dec. 15, 1999. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/724,892 also claims the benefit of provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/194,003, entitled ��AUTOMATED RESPONSE TO COMPUTER USER'S CONTEXT�� and filed Apr. 2, 2000, and provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/193,999, entitled ��OBTAINING AND USING CONTEXTUAL DATA FOR SELECTED TASKS OR SCENARIOS, SUCH AS FOR A WEARABLE PERSONAL COMPUTER�� and filed Apr. 2, 2000 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/194,002 entitled ��AUTOMATIC SELECTION OF UNSOLICITED INFORMATION BASED ON USER'S CONTEXT�� and filed Apr. 2, 2000. The entireties of the aforementioned applications are incorporated herein by reference.
A context is modeled or represented with multiple attributes that each correspond to a specific element of the context (e.g., ambient temperature, location or a current user activity), and the value of an attribute represents a specific measure of that element. Thus, for example, for an attribute that represents the temperature of the surrounding air, an 80�X Fahrenheit value represents a specific measurement of that temperature. Each attribute preferably has the following properties: a name, a value, an uncertainty level, units, and a timestamp. Thus, for example, the name of the air temperature attribute may be ��ambient-temperature,�� its units may be degrees Fahrenheit, and its value at a particular time may by 80. Associated with the current value may be a timestamp of Feb. 27, 1999 13:07 PST that indicates when the value was generated, and an uncertainty level of +/−1 degrees.
Context servers supply values for attributes by receiving and processing input information from sensors or other sources. Attribute values provided by a context server may either be ��measured�� (or ��observed��) in that they are directly received from an input source, or may instead be ��derived�� in that they are the result of performing processing on one or more measured attribute values. Indeed, a derived attribute value may be produced by performing additional processing on one or more other derived attribute values. Context attributes (or ��condition variables��) are discussed in greater detail in both U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/216,193, filed Dec. 18, 1998 and entitled ��METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING PRESENTATION OF to INFORMATION TO A USER BASED ON THE USER'S CONDITION��, and provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/193,999, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled ��OBTAINING AND USING CONTEXTUAL DATA FOR SELECTED TASKS OR SCENARIOS, SUCH AS FOR A WEARABLE PERSONAL COMPUTER,�� which are both hereby incorporated by reference.
In some embodiments, two or more different context servers may supply to the characterization module their own distinct values for a single attribute. For example, a first context server can supply a value for a user.location attribute based on data received from a global positioning system device, while a second context server can supply a value for the user.location attribute based on data received from an indoor positioning device. Alternately, the first and second context servers could use the same input information when determining the value for a single attribute, but could use different methods to perform the determining and could thus arrive at different values. When multiple content servers supply values for the same attribute, each of the context servers is said to supply values for a separate ��instance�� of the attribute. The characterization module preferably provides a variety of different approaches, called ��mediators,�� for determining what attribute value to provide when a context client requests a value for an attribute that has more than one instance.
As one example of an API, each executing context server may register with the characterization module by calling a RegisterContextServer function and supplying parameters to identify itself. If a particular context server is not executing, a context client that desires a value of an attribute or attribute instance supplied by the context server may cause the context server to be launched by using a LaunchContextServer function. After registration, a context server may indicate an ability to supply values for an attribute to the characterization module by, using a CreateAttributeInstance function. A particular context server can provide values for a number of different attributes by calling the CreateAttributeInstance function multiple times. In order to consume values of an attribute, a context client may call a RegisterContextClient function in order to identify itself and one or more attributes whose values it seeks to consume. To assist in selecting one or more attributes, a context client may also call a EnumerateAttributes function to obtain a list of the attributes available from the characterization module. In order to actually retrieve an attribute value, a context client may call a GetAttribute function and use parameters to identify the attribute and any attribute processing that should be applied, such as a specific mediator to be used if values are available for multiple instances of the attribute. For attributes that have multiple instances in the characterization module, a context client may also call a GetAllAttributeInstances function to obtain a value for each instance of the attribute. To force a particular context server to reevaluate all of its attribute instances, a context client may call a CompleteContextServerEvaluation function. Also, to retrieve values for attributes that model aspects of the configuration of the characterization module, a context client or other program may call a GetCharacterizationModuleAttribute function. A context client that consumes a particular attribute value may also create a condition in the characterization module (not to be confused with the current modeled condition of the user or the environment that is represented by various attribute values) for testing that attribute by calling a CreateCondition function. Once a context client has created a condition, it can evaluate the condition by calling an EvaluateCondition function using parameters to identify the condition, and may also proceed to create a condition monitor that monitors the condition and notifies the context server when the condition is satisfied by calling a CreateConditionMonitor function. To suspend operation of a created condition monitor, a context server may call a StopConditionMonitor function, and to resume its operation, may call a StartConditionMonitor function. The context server may remove a condition monitor that it created by calling a RemoveConditionMonitor function and, correspondingly, may remove a condition that it created by calling a RemoveCondition function. A context client may unregister with the characterization module by calling an UnregisterContextClient function. A context server may similarly remove attribute instances that it has registered by calling a RemoveAttributeInstance function. Before it does, however, it may first call a CheckAttributeInstanceDependencies function to determine whether any context clients currently depend upon that attribute instance. A context server may unregister with the characterization module by calling an UnregisterContextServer function. A set of API functions are discussed in greater detail in both U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/541,328, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled ��INTERFACE FOR EXCHANGING CONTEXT DATA,�� and provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/194,123, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled ��SUPPLYING AND CONSUMING USER CONTEXT DATA,�� which are both hereby incorporated by reference.
For example, as is illustrated in FIG. 15, the nomenclature preferably has a variety of types of attribute names, including: attribute names relating to the user's location, such as user.location.latitude, user.location.building, and user.location.street; attribute names relating to the user's movement, such as user.speed and user.direction; attribute names for various user moods, such as user.mood.happiness, user.mood.anger, and user.mood.confusion; attribute names for user activities, such as user.activity.driving, user.activity.eating, and user.activity.sleeping; attribute names for user physiology values, such as user.physiology.body temperature and user.physiology.blood_pressure; attribute names for similar attributes of people other than the user, such as person.John_Smith.mood.happiness; attribute names for aspects of the computer system or ��platform,�� such as for aspects of the platform's user interface (��UI��) capabilities (e.g., platform.UI.oral_input_device_availability and platform.UI.visual_output_device_availability) and central processing unit (��CPU��) (e.g., platform.cpu.load and platform.cpu.speed); attribute names for aspects of the local environment, such as environment.local.temperature and environment.local.ambient_noise_level; attribute names for remote environments, such as environment.place.chicago.time and environment.place.san_diego.temperature; attribute names relating to a future context, such as those that predict or estimate a situation (e.g., environment.local.next_week.temperature); attribute names relating to specific applications, such as an email application (e.g., application.mail.available, application.mail.new_messages_waiting, and application.mail.messages_waiting_to_be_sent); etc. In this manner, the attribute nomenclature used by the facility provides effective names for attributes relating to the user, the computer system, and the environment. Additional attributes are illustrated in FIG. 15, and FIG. 16 illustrates an alternate hierarchical taxonomy related to context, such that various attributes could be added for each of the illustrated categories. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that for both FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, other categories and attributes could be added and existing categories and attributes could be removed or could have alternate names.
FIG. 5 is a data structure diagram showing an example attribute instance table used to maintain a portion of the state of the characterization module. The attribute instance table contains a row for each attribute or attribute instance for which a context server is currently registered to supply values. Each of these rows contains the following fields: an attribute name field 511 containing the name of the attribute, a context server name field 512 identifying the context server that created the attribute instance, a value field 513 containing the value of the attribute last provided by the context server, and uncertainty field 514 identifying the level of uncertainty of the value, a timestamp 515 indicating the time at which the value is effective, a units field 516 identifying the units for the value and the uncertainty, and an indication 517 of the number of context clients consuming values for the attribute instance. While row 501 indicates that an instance of the user.location attribute from the gps context server has a multi-part value of 47�X 36.73�� N and 122�X 18.43�� W degrees and minutes, in alternate embodiments multi-part values may not be used, such as instead having two attributes to represent this context element (e.g., user.location.latitude and user.location.longitude). Similarly, while field 517 indicates the number of context clients consuming values for an attribute, in alternate embodiments this number could be dynamically calculated rather than being stored (e.g., by using the attribute request table discussed below), or an identifier for each context client could instead be stored rather than merely a number. Other versions of the attribute instance table may lack some of the illustrated fields, such as the units field if all the instances of an attribute are restricted to having the same units and if such common information about all the attribute instances is stored elsewhere. Alternately, some versions of the attribute instance table could include additional information, such as a separate row for each attribute with multiple instances that contains common information about all of instances, and additional fields such as a context client field that contains the name of each context client registered to receive values for the attribute or instance of that row. Other versions of the attribute instance table could include other additional fields such as an optional specified context client field so that the context server can indicate one or more context clients that are able to receive values for the attribute (e.g., a list of authorized clients).
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of the GetAttribute function. In step 801, if the requested attribute exists, then the facility continues in step 803, else the facility continues in step 802 to return an ��attribute not found�� error. In step 803, if a single instance of the attribute was requested, then the facility continues in step 804, else the facility continues in step 811. In step 804, if the requested instance exists, then the facility continues in step 806, else the facility continues in step 805 to return an ��attribute instance not found�� error. In step 806, if the age criterion specified for the attribute request is satisfied, then the facility continues in step 807 to return the requested attribute instance, else the facility continues in step 808 to ��freshen�� the attribute instance by calling the appropriate context server's request handler to request evaluation of the attribute instance. In step 809, if the age criterion is satisfied by the freshened attribute instance, then the facility continues in step 807 to return the freshened attribute instance, else the facility continues in step 810 to return the freshened attribute instance with an ��age not satisfied�� error. In step 811, where a single attribute instance was not requested, if any registered instances of the attribute satisfy the age criterion, then the facility continues in step 816, else the facility continues in step 812. In step 812, the facility freshens all registered instances of the requested attribute. In step 813, if any of the attributes freshened in step 812 satisfy the age criterion, then the facility continues in step 816, else the facility continues in step 814. In step 814, the facility applies the requested attribute mediator to select one instance, or otherwise derive a value from the registered instances. In step 815, the facility returns the instance with an ��age not satisfied�� error. In step 816, where one or more instances satisfy the age criterion, if more than one instance satisfies the age criterion, then the facility continues in step 817, else the facility continues in step 807 to return the attribute instance that satisfies the age criterion. In step 817, the facility applies the requested attribute mediator to select one instance from among the instances that satisfy the age criterion, or to otherwise derive a value from the instances that satisfy the age criterion. After step 817, the facility continues in step 807 to return the value produced by the mediator.
In addition, uncertainty of an attribute value can be indicated in a variety of ways. An example of an uncertainty specification is as follows. For each attribute instance there is a finite likelihood that the real quantity being measured is not the same as the value being expressed. For example, the speedometer of a car may show 30 mph when the ��true�� instantaneous speed is 32.56 mph. There are numerous factors that may give rise to these discrepancies, including the following: precision of measuring apparatus, conversion of continuous quantities to discrete values in the measurement process, random fluctuations, temporal variation, systematic errors, and measurement latency. Since different measured quantities have different sources of uncertainty, it is impossible to foresee and account for each individually. It is therefore helpful to express the overall effects with a general characterization of uncertainty. One type of uncertainty values represent the cumulative effects of all possible discrepancy sources. These uncertainty values may conform to a single, universal definition so that attribute mediators and clients can make effective use of them. Thus, the following definition of uncertainty, which is based upon the definition of standard deviation for random fluctuations about a mean value, could be used for numeric values:
For an attribute instance value, �g, the associated uncertainty, �m, shall represent the likelihood that the following condition has a 68% probability is of being true:
�gtrue−�m�أg�أgtrue+�m Where �gtrue represents the ��true�� value that the attribute represents.
The timestamp represents the moment at which the associated value would have been valid had it been measured directly at that moment. This definition results in some attributes having timestamps that do not correspond to the time at which their values were calculated. For instance, an attribute that represents the acceleration of the user can be calculated by looking at the change in velocity over a period of time. The necessary computations may further delay the availability of the acceleration value. This timestamp is thus specified to represent the time at which the acceleration was ��most�� valid, which in this case could be the middle of the time period during which the velocity was measured.
Attribute already exists�XOccurs when a CS attempts to create an attribute instance that already exists. Attribute does not exist�XOccurs when the CM receives a request for an attribute that does not exist. Attribute instance does not exist�XOccurs when the CM receives a request for a specific instance of an attribute which is not registered. Attribute mediator does not exist�XOccurs when a request for an attribute mediator could not be fulfilled because the name does not correspond to an existing attribute mediator. Attribute unavailable�XOccurs when a CS determines that it cannot satisfy a request for reasons other than when an attribute upon which it depends returns an error. CS already running�XA request to launch a CS could not be completed because the CS was already running. CS does not exist�XA request has been made for a CS that has not registered. CS not found�XA request to launch a CS could not be completed because the CS was not found. CS unavailable�XA request was made to a CS that cannot respond. Condition already exists�XOccurs when a client attempts to create a condition with a name that is already in use. Condition does not exist�XA request has been made for a non-existent condition. Event already exists�XOccurs when a client attempts to create an event with a name that is already in use. Event does not exist�XA request has been made for a non-existent event. Inconsistent attribute data type�XOccurs when a CS registers or provides an attribute instance for an attribute that already exists that has a different data type. Request timed out�XOccurs when the timeout has been exceeded and the request cannot be satisfied.
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