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Olie- og naturgasindustrien Levetidsomkostninger Del 3: Retningslinier for implementering - PDF
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1 Dansk Standard DS/ISO udgave Olie- og naturgasindustrien Levetidsomkostninger Del 3: Retningslinier for implementering Petroleum and natural gas industries Lifecycle costing Part 3: Implementation guidelines
2 DS/ISO København DS projekt: ICS: Deskriptorer: anvendelse,omkostninger,kalkulation,definitioner,offshoreplatforme,olieindustrien Første del af denne publikations betegnelse er: DS/ISO, hvilket betyder, at det er en international standard, der har status som dansk standard Denne publikations overensstemmelse er: IDT med: ISO :2001 DS-publikationstyper DANSK STANDARD udgiver forskellige publikationstyper. Typen på denne publikation fremgår af forsiden. Der kan være tale om: Dansk standard standard, der er udarbejdet på nationalt niveau, eller som er baseret på et andet lands nationale standard eller standard, der er udarbejdet på internationalt og/eller europæisk niveau, og som har fået status som dansk standard DS-information publikation, der er udarbejdet på nationalt niveau, og som ikke har opnået status som standard, eller publikation, der er udarbejdet på internationalt og/eller europæisk niveau, og som ikke har fået status som standard, fx en teknisk rapport, eller europæisk præstandard DS-håndbog samling af standarder, eventuelt suppleret med informativt materiale DS-hæfte publikation med informativt materiale Til disse publikationstyper kan endvidere udgives tillæg og rettelsesblade DS-publikationsform Publikationstyperne udgives i forskellig form som henholdsvis fuldtekstpublikation (publikationen er trykt i sin helhed) godkendelsesblad (publikationen leveres i kopi med et trykt DS-omslag) elektronisk (publikationen leveres på et elektronisk medie) DS-betegnelse Alle DS-publikationers betegnelse begynder med DS efterfulgt af et eller flere præfikser og et nr. fx DS 383, DS/EN 5414 osv. Hvis der efter nr. er angivet at A eller Cor, betyder det, enten at det er et tillæg eller et rettelsesblad til hovedstandarden, eller at det er indført i hovedstandarden. DS-betegnelse angives på forsiden. Overensstemmelse med anden publikation: Overensstemmelse kan enten være IDT, EQV, NEQ eller MOD IDT: Når publikationen er identisk med en given publikation. EQV: Når publikationen teknisk er i overensstemmelse med en given publikation, men præsentationen er ændret. NEQ: Når publikationen teknisk eller præsentationsmæssigt ikke er i overensstemmelse med en given standard, men udarbejdet på baggrund af denne. MOD: Når publikationen er modificeret i forhold til en given publikation.
3 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO First edition Petroleum and natural gas industries Life-cycle costing Part 3: Implementation guidelines Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel Estimation des coûts globaux de production et de traitement Partie 3: Lignes directrices sur la mise en oeuvre Reference number ISO :2001(E) ISO 2001
4 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy,this file may be printed or viewed but shallnot be edited unless the typefaces whichareembedded are licensed to and installed on the computerperforming the editing. Indownloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy.the ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is atrademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that aproblem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel Fax Web
5 Contents Page 1 Scope Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms Life-cycle costing within the asset life-cycle General Concept selection Outline design/feed Detailed design Construction, hook-up and commissioning Operation and maintenance Disposal Common implementation issues Summary The life-cycle costing coordinator Training and competence Preparation of acommon and consistent source of data and assumptions The contract Data and uncertainty/new technology The operator perspective General Commitment to life-cycle costing Life-cycle costing Afocal point Risk The contractual framework The contractor perspective General Developing and organizing acapability Risk Acontractual perspective The vendor perspective General The application of life-cycle costing for the vendor Profitability potential for vendors Communication Contracts Internal competence Bibliography... 31
6 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is aworldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in asubject for which atechnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 %of the member bodies casting avote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries. ISO consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Life-cycle costing: Part 1: Methodology Part 2: Guidance on application of methodology and calculation methods Part 3: Implementation guidelines
7 Introduction The principle objective of ISO is to speed up the adoption of acommon and consistent approach to life-cycle costing within the oil industry. This will happen faster and more effectively if a common approach is agreed internationally. Life-cycle costing is the systematic consideration of all relevant costs and revenues associated with the acquisition and ownership of an asset. It is an iterative process of estimating, planning and monitoring costs and revenues throughout an asset's life. It is used to support the decision making process by evaluating alternative options and performing trade-off studies. While it is normally used in the early project stages evaluating major procurement options, it is equally applicable to all stages of the life-cycle, and at many levels of detail. This part of ISO has been produced to provide guidance on practical steps that can be taken to introduce the organizational and functional aspects of life-cycle costing into the offshore oil and gas business. It focuses on the implementation issuesidentified bythe industry,boththose common to alland those specific to each participant. Key issues addressed are life-cycle costing within the organization: how it should be organized, coordinated and managed; the contract: the procedural elements of incorporating life-cycle costing within pre-qualification, tender and responses; risk and uncertainty: primarily viewed from the contractual standpoint within risk sharing or risk transfer frameworks (such as alliances); communication: across the supplier chain (operator <----> contractor <----> vendor), how it can be achieved and configuration control or an audit trail maintained. Experience has demonstrated that for the operator, life-cycle costing integrates readily with existing appraisal techniques, can quantify and optimize costs and revenues over the total life of afield development, thereby reducing uncertainty, for the contractor, life-cycle costing provides techniques to support the extension of his role into areas such as maintenance management, integrated service provision, engineering services contracts and life-cycle costing consultancy, for the vendor, life-cycle costing provides acommon and consistent basis for demonstrating improved service and quality,thereby extending his role beyond technical compliance and lowest price. Thereareopportunitiesandchallengesforallpartieswithintheoilproductionindustrytobenefitfromtheintroduction and use of life-cycle costing techniques. The aim of this part of ISO is to provide practical guidance to operators, contractors and vendors in the introduction and role of life-cycle costing techniques. It seeks to address the issues associated with life-cycle costing within evolving industry custom and practice. This is illustrated in Figure 1which shows the evolving situation.
8 From Figure 1it can be seen that vendors are often involved in early project stages such as FEED,during which they can add value in the area of system design, contractors and vendors are playing an increasing role in conceptual design and operations support. For alife-cycle costing implementation strategy,two key components emerge. These are the interface issues (the relationships between participants at the boundaries) and the internal business processes required to support the management and presentation of the information flowing across the interfaces. In practical terms, these translate into the need for anon-prescriptive life-cycle costing implementation strategy that provides abasic framework to assist in the development and introduction of an engineering and design strategy and support strategy at all levels, together with its translation into acontract. It should be noted that, whilst the provision of plant and equipment which has been optimized for whole life cost (WLC) performance may require its selling price to be increased, the integration of WLC/life-cycle costing principles into an equipment manufacturer's business should enable this optimum performance to be achieved without a significant increase in selling prices. Equipment vendors and purchasers therefore need to work towards ensuring that wherever possible value, and not price, is increased by the life-cycle costing process. This part of ISO is structured into the following sections: the project or field life-cycle; implementation issues specific to the different phases of the life-cycle. common issues; avariety of concerns common to all participants, the key one being the need for afocal point, or coordinator, within each organization. the operator; the contractor; the vendor. Figure 1 The traditional role of participants is evolving and becoming less distinct The three last-mentioned sections addressing the implementation issues are considered important to each participant.
9 Recognizing that there are cultural and procedural differences across different companies in the industry,this part of ISO does not set out to be prescriptive, but to isolate and amplify the issues under aseries of headings. The guiding principle is that the life-cycle costing discipline does not stand in isolation, but should be integrated within existing support functions to extend their capability.
11 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO :2001(E) Petroleum and natural gas industries Life-cycle costing Part 3: Implementation guidelines 1 Scope This part of ISO provides guidelines for the implementation of life-cycle costing for the development and operation of the facilities for drilling, production and pipeline transportation within the petroleum and natural gas industries. This part of ISO is applicable when making decisions on any option which has cost implications for more than one cost element or project phase. The process can be applied to a wide range of options, particularly when decisions are being considered on the following: the process concept; equipment location; project execution strategies; health, safety and environment; system concept and sizing; equipment type; equipment configuration; layout; maintenance and logistic support strategies; manning strategy; manning levels; operation strategies; facility modifications; spares and support strategy; reuse and/or disposal. This part of ISO is applicable to all project decisions, but the extent of planning and management of the process will depend on the magnitude of the costs involved and the potential value that can be created. The guidelines will be of value when decisions are taken relating to new investments in projects or during normal operation to optimize revenue. 2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this part of ISO 15663, the following terms, definitions and abbreviated terms apply. 2.1 Terms and definitions benefit creation of a capital asset, earning of revenue or improvement of a project environment ISO 2001 All rights reserved 1