Source: https://www.epa.gov/eg/nonferrous-metals-forming-and-metal-powders-effluent-guidelines
Timestamp: 2019-06-20 08:09:29
Document Index: 224288606

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 471', 'art 420', 'art 468', 'art 467', 'art 415', 'art 421', 'art 464', 'art 421', 'art 461', 'art 413', 'art 433']

Nonferrous Metals Forming and Metal Powders Effluent Guidelines | Effluent Guidelines | US EPA
EPA promulgated the Nonferrous Metals Forming and Metal Powders Category regulation (NFMF) (40 CFR Part 471) in 1985 and amended the regulation in 1989. The regulation covers direct and indirect dischargers. The Effluent Guidelines and Standards are incorporated into NPDES permits for direct dischargers direct dischargerA point source that discharges pollutants to waters of the United States, such as streams, lakes, or oceans., and permits or other control mechanisms for indirect dischargers indirect dischargerA facility that discharges pollutants to a publicly owned treatment works (municipal sewage treatment plant). (see Pretreatment Program).
What is the Nonferrous Metals Forming and Metal Powders Industry?
Relationship to Other Categories
Forming is the set of manufacturing operations in which metals and alloys are made into semi-finished products by hot or cold working.
Forming operations include rolling (both hot and cold), extruding, forging, and drawing; also cladding, tube reducing, swaging, and metal powder production.
Ancillary operations include casting for subsequent forming, heat treatment, surface treatment, surface coating, alkaline cleaning, solvent degreasing, product testing, and wet air pollution controls on forming operations and the associated operations.
The product of one NFMF operation is often the starting material for a subsequent operation.
Cast ingots and billets are the starting point for making sheet and plate, extrusions, and forgings, as well as rod, for use in drawing operations.
Rolled sheet and plate can be used as stock for stampings, can blanks, and roll formed products; as finished products in building, and aircraft construction; or as foil.
Extrusions can be used as raw stock for forging and drawing; or can be sold as final products, such as beams or extruded tubing.
For the purpose of the NFMF regulation:
Nonferrous metal is defined as any pure metal other than iron, copper, or aluminum; or metal alloy for which a metal other than iron, copper, or aluminum is its major constituent by weight.
Alloys are considered as only one metal type. The metal type of any particular alloy is defined to be the metal that is the major component in percent by weight except for precious metals (silver, gold, platinum, and palladium) and beryllium. Any alloy containing 30 or greater percent by weight of precious metals is considered a precious metal alloy. Beryllium alloys are any alloy in which beryllium is present at 0.1 percent or greater by weight. Alloys for which iron, copper, or aluminum is greater than 50 percent by weight (except precious metals) are not included in the category of nonferrous metal alloys.
Metal powders include nonferrous metals and alloys as previously described, along with iron, copper, and aluminum and their alloys. Metal powder production processes include milling, abrading or atomizing.
Not covered by the NFMF regulation:
The production of metal powders by chemical means, such as precipitation
The production of metal powder as the final step in refining metal
Forming of the metals beryllium, cadmium, chromium, gallium, germanium, indium, lithium, manganese, neodymium, or praseodymium.
NFMF activities are included broadly within the following NAICS groups:
331491: Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding
Note: The NAICS listing is provided as a guide and does not define the coverage of the NFMF category. For precise definitions of coverage, see the Applicability section at 40 CFR 471.01.
The NFMF Category comprises 10 subcategories:
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Precious Metals Forming
Refractory Metals Forming
Uranium Forming
Zinc Forming
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Stormwater fact sheet (Sector F)
Metal types covered
Iron, Copper, and Aluminum Metal Powder Production and Powder Metallurgy Operations
- Click to enlargeIron, copper, and aluminum powder manufacturing and forming of parts from metal powders including milling, abrading, and atomizing, as well as any associated ancillary operations listed above are covered under the NFMF Category. Other forming operations for these metals are covered under separate regulations, including:
Iron and Steel Manufacturing Category (40 CFR Part 420)
Copper Forming Category (40 CFR Part 468)
Aluminum Forming Category (40 CFR Part 467)
The production of metal powders by chemical means may be regulated under the Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing Category (40 CFR Part 415). The production of metal powders as the final step in refining metal is regulated under the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Category (40 CFR Part 421).
Casting of nonferrous metals is included in the NFMF category when it is performed as an integral part of the nonferrous metals forming process and located at the same plant site at which nonferrous metals are formed. This includes shot-casting and casting of billets, ingots, bars, and strip which are subsequently formed on-site.
Casting of parts is included in the Metal Molding and Casting Category (Foundries) (40 CFR Part 464).
Casting which is an integral part of a nonferrous metals smelting and refining operation is included in the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Category (40 CFR Part 421) as is the production of metal powder as the final step in refining metal.
Casting of lead which is subsequently rolled and fabricated into battery cases is regulated under both NFMF and the Battery Manufacturing Category (40 CFR Part 461). The limitations for the casting operation for lead are the same in each category.
Surface treatment of nonferrous metals includes any chemical or electrochemical treatment applied to the surface of the metal. This process is considered to be an integral part of the NFMF category whenever it is performed at the same plant site at which nonferrous metals are formed. Wastewater discharges covered by the NFMF category are not subject to the Electroplating Category (40 CFR Part 413) or the Metal Finishing Category (40 CFR Part 433).
Aluminum, Copper, and Nonferrous Metals Forming and Metal Powders Pretreatment Standards: A Guidance Manual (December 1989).
This manual provides guidance to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) on the implementation and enforcement of categorical pretreatment standards.
Amended subparts C and I. Promulgated pursuant to litigation.
Final Rule (March 17, 1989)
1985 Initial Rulemaking
Final Rule (August 23, 1985)
Development Document (September 1986)
Proposed Rule (March 5, 1984)
For additional information regarding the Nonferrous Metals Forming and Metal Powders Effluent Guidelines, please contact Anthony Tripp, tripp.anthony@epa.gov or 202-566-1419.