Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20040129960?dq=U.S.+patent+number+7,325,728
Timestamp: 2015-03-30 05:13:38
Document Index: 734565127

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'ART 2', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'arts 1']

Patent US20040129960 - Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof, delamination method ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA technique for forming a TFT element over a substrate having flexibility typified by a flexible plastic film is tested. When a structure in which a light-resistant layer or a reflective layer is employed to prevent the damage to the delamination layer, it is difficult to fabricate a transmissive liquid...http://www.google.com/patents/US20040129960?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20040129960 - Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof, delamination method, and transferring methodAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20040129960 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/740,501Publication dateJul 8, 2004Filing dateDec 22, 2003Priority dateDec 27, 2002Also published asCN1516288A, CN100539190C, CN101615592A, CN101615592B, CN101615593A, CN101615593B, EP1435653A2, US7723209, US8247246, US8691604, US20100248402, US20130029447, US20140203415Publication number10740501, 740501, US 2004/0129960 A1, US 2004/129960 A1, US 20040129960 A1, US 20040129960A1, US 2004129960 A1, US 2004129960A1, US-A1-20040129960, US-A1-2004129960, US2004/0129960A1, US2004/129960A1, US20040129960 A1, US20040129960A1, US2004129960 A1, US2004129960A1InventorsJunya Maruyama, Toru Takayama, Yumiko Ohno, Shunpei YamazakiOriginal AssigneeJunya Maruyama, Toru Takayama, Yumiko Ohno, Shunpei YamazakiExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (43), Classifications (24), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSemiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof, delamination method, and transferring method
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0011]FIGS. 1A to 1E show a delamination process according to the present invention. [0012]FIG. 2 shows an experimental sample in the present invention. [0013]FIGS. 3A and 3B show a TEM picture and the frame format of experimental sample A in the present invention. [0014]FIGS. 4A and 4B show a TEM picture and the frame format of experimental sample B in the present invention. [0015]FIGS. 5A and 5B show a TEM picture and the frame format of experimental sample C in the present invention. [0016]FIGS. 6A and 6B show a TEM picture and the frame format of experimental sample D in the present invention. [0017]FIGS. 7A and 7B show a TEM picture and the frame format of experimental sample E in the present invention. [0018]FIGS. 8A and 8B are a figure showing EDX spectrum and a quantitative result of experimental sample A in the present invention. [0019]FIGS. 9A and 9B are a figure showing EDX spectrum and a quantitative result of experimental sample B in the present invention. [0020]FIGS. 10A and 10B are a figure showing EDX spectrum and a quantitative result of experimental sample C in the present invention. [0021]FIGS. 11A to 11D show experimental samples in the present invention. [0022]FIGS. 12A and 12B show a TEM picture and the frame format of experimental sample 1 in the present invention. [0023]FIGS. 13A and 13B show a TEM picture and the frame format of experimental sample 2 in the present invention. [0024]FIGS. 14A and 14B show a TEM picture and the frame format of experimental sample 3 in the present invention. [0025]FIGS. 15A and 15B show a TEM picture and the frame format of experimental sample 4 in the present invention. [0026]FIGS. 16A to 16C show XPS measurements of experimental samples A to C in the present invention. [0027]FIGS. 17A to 17F are figures in which XPS measurements shown in FIGS. 16A to 16C are standardized. [0028]FIGS. 18A to 18C show XPS measurements of experimental samples A to C in the present invention. [0029]FIGS. 19A and 19B show a TEM picture and the frame format of the substrate side after the separation according to the present invention. [0030]FIGS. 20A and 20B show a TEM picture and the frame format of the semiconductor film side after separation according to the present invention. [0031]FIG. 21 shows SIMS of sample A in the present invention. [0032]FIG. 22 shows SIMS of sample B in the present invention. [0033]FIG. 23 shows SIMS of sample C in the present invention. [0034]FIGS. 24A and 24B show XPS measurements after the separation according to the present invention. [0035]FIGS. 25A and 25B show waveform analysis of XPS measurements shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B. [0036]FIGS. 26A and 26B show a light emitting device formed according to the present invention. [0037]FIGS. 27A and 27B show a liquid crystal display device formed according to the present invention. [0038]FIG. 28 shows a CPU formed according to the present invention. [0039]FIGS. 29A to 29E show electronic devices formed according to the present invention. [0040]FIGS. 30A and 30B show experimental results of the present invention. [0041]FIG. 31 shows an experimental result of the present invention. [0042]FIG. 32 shows an experimental result of the present invention.
[0068] In this embodiment, a result of a delamination experiment and an audit observation of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) will be described. [0069] First, as to a sample shown in FIG. 2, an AN 100 glass substrate (126�126 mm2) as a substrate and a film mainly consisting of tungsten (hereinafter referred to as a W film) deposited by sputtering as a metal film are laminated. Thereafter, a SiO2 film deposited by sputtering as a protective film forming a delamination layer, a SiON film deposited by CVD as a base film, and an amorphous silicon film deposited by CVD as a semiconductor film are laminated thereover. [0070] Among the above samples, one to which heat treatment is not performed shall be A, another to which heat treatment at 220� C. for one hour is performed shall be B, and the other to which heat treatment at 500� C. for one hour and heat treatment at 550� C. for four hours thereafter are performed shall be C. Each of the samples is observed with a TEM. The results are shown in FIGS. 3A to 5A. The frame formats corresponding to the respective TEM pictures (TEM images) are shown in FIGS. 3B to 5B. [0071] It is found that a layer is formed at an interface between W film serving as a metal film 202 and a protective film 203. Note that, the layer is not always a complete layer, and is scattered in some cases. [0072] An EDX measurement is performed to specify the composition of the layer. The spectrum and the quantitative result of the EDX measurement on samples A to C are shown in FIGS. 8A to 10B. Note that, the peaks of Al and Mo are due to the sample fixing holder during the measurement. The results in FIGS. 8A to 10B show the existence of tungsten and oxygen in the layer (hereinafter referred to as a oxide layer). [0073] In comparing TEM pictures in FIGS. 3A to 5A, the oxide layer of sample C is found to have a crystalline lattice arranged in a specific direction. It is also found that the oxide layers of samples A and B have film thicknesses of approximately 3 nm; meanwhile, the oxide layer of sample C is formed to have a rather thinner thickness (3 nm at most). [0074] Such results of the delamination experiment on samples A to C reveal that only sample C in which the oxide layer has a crystalline lattice can be separated. [0075]FIGS. 6A and 7A show TEM pictures of a sample shown in FIG. 2 after heat treatment at 400� C. for one hour, which is to be sample D and a sample shown in FIG. 2 after heat treatment at 430� C. for one hour, which is to be sample E. FIGS. 6B and 7B show frame formats corresponding to the respective TEM pictures. Note that, the temperature 400� C. which is applied to sample D is expected to be a boundary temperature of crystallization; that is a boundary temperature that can cause separation. [0076]FIGS. 6A and 6B show that a crystalline lattice is formed on a part of the oxide layer in sample D and a crystalline lattice is formed wholly over the oxide layer in sample E. [0077] As a result of the lamination experiments of the above samples D and E, only sample E is found to be separated. [0078] The results of the above delamination experiment and TEM pictures reveal that an oxide layer is formed at the interface between a metal film and a protective film, and that the crystallization of the oxide film begins to occur approximately at 400� C. When the oxide layer has crystallinity, it is considered to be a state where separation may occur. Namely, it is found that an oxide film over a metal film, specifically, an oxide layer comprising W provided over a W film, needs to be formed. [0079] Accordingly, since separation is possible in a sample wherein an oxide layer is crystallized, when the oxide film is crystallized by heat treatment, a crystal distortion, a lattice defect (point defect, line defect, plane defect (for example, plane defect due to crystallographic shear plane which is formed with congeries of oxygen vacancy), an expansion defect) generate, and separation is considered to occur form the interfaces thereof. [0080] [Embodiment 2]
[0081] Next, a delamination experiment is carried out under a different condition for manufacturing the protective film, or as the absence or presence of the protective film on a W film is varied. [0082] As shown in FIGS. 11A to 11D, the followings are prepared: sample 1 formed by sequentially laminating a SiON film 301 formed on a substrate 300 by CVD and a W film 302 formed by sputtering (FIG. 11A); sample 2 comprising a Si film 303 over a W film, formed by sputtering using argon gas, as a protective film (FIG. 11B); sample 3 comprising a SiO2 film 304 formed by sputtering using argon gas and oxygen gas instead of Si film (FIG. 11C); and sample 4 comprising a SiO2 film 305 formed by CVD using silane gas and nitrogen gas (FIG. 11D). [0083]FIGS. 12A to 15A show TEM pictures of cross sections of respective samples 1 to 4. The frame formats corresponding to the respective TEM pictures are shown in FIGS. 12B to 15B. [0084] As illustrated in FIGS. 12A to 15A, an oxide layer is formed over a W film in sample 3; however, an oxide layer is not formed in the other samples. Note that, a natural oxide film is formed in sample 1; however, the film thickness is so thin that the film is not clearly shown in the TEM picture. [0085] The oxide layer is considered to be formed over the W film due to the oxygen gas employed when the sample 3 is formed. On the other hand, when the protective film is formed in sample 2, it is considered that only argon gas is used, so that an oxide layer is not formed on the W film. When the film thickness is considered, the oxide layer formed in sample 3 is thought to be different from the natural oxide film formed in sample 1. It is conceivable that the oxide layer is formed when the protective film begins to be formed. [0086] Further as to sample 4, the SiO2 film is formed on a W film by CVD, by which an oxide layer may be formed; however, an oxide layer is not observed as shown in FIG. 15A. [0087] Sample 3 and sample 4 in which oxide layers are formed are considered here. The silane gas employed by CVD, by which the SiO2 film of sample 4 is formed contains hydrogen compared with the source gas used in a manufacturing process of the SiO2 film in sample 3. Namely, an oxide layer is projected not to be formed in sample 4 due to the presence of hydrogen. Accordingly, a state in sample 4 can be thought to be varied due to the hydrogen although an oxide layer is formed on the W film. [0088] As a result of the above, it is conceivable that an oxide layer which is different from a natural oxide film is formed when a protective film is formed on a metal film. Note that, it is regarded that the oxide layer is preferably about 3 nm thick when a W film is used. Further, it is preferable to form the protective film without containing hydrogen thereby forming the oxide film faultlessly. [0089] In accordance with the above-mentioned result, it is considered necessary to form an oxide layer including the aforementioned metal (a metal oxide layer) on a metal layer for performing delamination. Particularly, when W is used for the metal film, it is found necessary to perform heat treatment at least at 400� C. thereby crystallize an oxide layer with a thickness of about 3 nm. Further according to the experimental result, it is found preferable to perform heat treatment at least at 430� C. since the crystallization of the oxide layer spreads all over. [0090] Still further, it is found desirable that the aforementioned metal oxide layer on the metal layer is formed when the protective film is formed, and the protective film is formed in a state where hydrogen is not included or where the hydrogen concentration is low. When a W film is given as a concrete example, it is found preferable to form the protective film by sputtering using a source gas containing oxygen gas. [0091] [Embodiment 3]
[0096] The result of the examining the composition of the oxide layer by using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) is shown in this embodiment. [0097]FIGS. 16A to 16C respectively show the results of samples A to C. In FIGS. 16A to 16C, the horizontal scale shows a depth direction (the interior of the oxide layer is exposed by ion sputtering. The case where 1 atomic % of tungsten is detected shall be pos. 1; the case where 2 atomic % of tungsten is detected shall be pos. 2; and the case where 3 atomic % of tungsten is detected shall be pos. 3)), the vertical scale shows an occupied bond ratio (%). [0098] When FIGS. 16A to 16C are compared, the relative ratio of tungsten (W) that is shown with a circle is higher in sample C compared with samples A and B. Namely, sample C has a high proportion of tungsten and a low proportion of tungsten oxide. [0099]FIGS. 17A to 17F show the results of the standardization of the data of FIGS. 16A to 16C. FIGS. 17A and 17D correspond to the result of sample A. FIGS. 17B and 17E correspond to the result of sample B. FIGS. 17C and 17F correspond to the result of sample C. FIGS. 17A to 17C show a graph in which WO3 shall be 1 and the occupied bond ratio of the other compositions are standardized. FIGS. 17D to 17F show graphs in which WO2 shall be 1 and the occupied bond ratio of the other compositions are standardized. [0100] When FIGS. 17A to 17C are compared, the relative ratio of WO2 that is shown with a cross is higher in sample C compared with samples A and B. Namely, sample C has a high proportion of O2, and the proportion of WO2 becomes higher as the depth increases from pos. 1 to pos. 3. Further, sample C has a low proportion of WOX, and the proportion of WO2 is found to become lower as the depth increases from pos. 1 to pos. 3. When FIGS. 17D to 17F are compared, samples A and B have WO2 contents of at least 2% meanwhile sample C has a content of at most 2%. As apparent from the graph standardized on WO3, sample C has higher proportion of WO2 compared with samples A and B. [0101]FIGS. 18A to 18C show waveform analysis of bond energy and spectrum observed when 1 atomic % of tungsten is detected (pos. 1), and the interior of the oxide layer is exposed by ion sputtering. FIG. 18A shows the result of sample A after sputtering process for four minutes and a quarter. FIG. 18B shows the result of sample B after sputtering process for four minutes. FIG. 18C shows the result of sample C after sputtering process for five minutes. In FIGS. 18A to 18C, as to each of 4 states: W1 (tungsten W), W2 (tungsten oxide WOX, X is nearly 2), W3 (tungsten oxide WOX, 2<X <3), and W4 (tungsten oxide WO3 or the like), the area ratio (%) is equivalent to the composition ratio. [0102] Chart 1 shows the area ratios of the respective states W1 to W4 of samples A to C obtained from FIGS. 18A to 18C. The Chart 1 further shows a graph in which W2 and W3 are standardized on W4 by ratio. In the Chart 1, samples A and B have 10% of the proportions of W1 while the proportion of sample C is high as 35%. Namely, sample C has a high proportion of tungsten and a low proportion of tungsten oxide. According to the standardized value, it is found that sample C has a high proportion of W2 (WO2) in the tungsten oxide, compared with samples A and B. [0103] Sample C has a high composition ratio of W2 (WO2), and it is considered that the composition of the oxide layer is changed due to heat treatment. Accordingly, the composition of W4 (WO3) is changed to W2 (WO2) or W3 (WOx) and it is conceivable that separation occurs between different crystal structures due to such differences of the crystal structures. Chart 1 W-Ox Standardized on Sam- De- WO3 in each State ple pth W1 W2 W3 W4 W2 W3 W4 A Pos. 9.57 18.91 24.58 46.94 40.29% 52.36% 100.00% 1 Pos. 12.54 18.83 22.19 46.44 40.55% 47.78% 100.00% 2 Pos. 14.45 20.49 21.49 43.57 47.03% 49.32% 100.00% 3 B Pos. 11.32 19.68 22.42 46.58 42.25% 48.13% 100.00% 1 Pos. 14.57 19.15 21.91 44.38 43.15% 49.37% 100.00% 2 Pos. 15.46 21.2 22.17 41.18 51.48% 53.84% 100.00% 3 C Pos. 35.51 16.37 16.13 32 51.16% 50.41% 100.00% 1 Pos. 37.44 17.2 15.8 29.57 58.17% 53.43% 100.00% 2 Pos. 40.94 17.43 13.3 28.33 61.52% 46.95% 100.00% 3 [0104] Next, the side of the substrate after the separation and the side of the semiconductor film after the separation are measured with XPS. The measurements of the spectrum and the waveform analysis of the spectrum are shown in FIGS. 24A and 25B. Further, the XPS measurement of sample 1 and the waveform analysis thereof are shown together to compare the oxide layer with the natural oxide film. [0105]FIGS. 24A and 24B each show the spectrum of the separated surface which is measured with XPS. FIG. 24A shows the spectrum of the separated surface of the semiconductor film side. FIG. 24B shows the spectrum of the separated surface of the substrate side. [0106] Chart 2 shows the detected elements and a quantitative result obtained from FIGS. 24A and 24B. The Chart 2 reveals that about ten times more tungsten remains on the side of the substrate than on the side of the semiconductor film. CHART 2 Silicon Oxygen (O) Carbon (C) (Si) Tungsten (W) Sample 1 41 20 <1 38 Semiconductor 59 12 26 3 Film Side Substrate 51 20 less than 29 Side detection limit [0107] Subsequently, the waveform analysis of the spectrum on the side of the semiconductor film is shown in FIG. 25A. The waveform analysis of the spectrum on the side of the substrate is shown in FIG. 25B. In FIGS. 25A and 25B, as to each of 4 states: W1 (tungsten W), W2 (tungsten oxide WOX, X is nearly 2), W3 (tungsten oxide WOX, 2<X <3), and W4 (tungsten oxide WO3 or the like), the area ratio (%) is equivalent to the composition ratio. [0108] The spectrum of sample 1 in which a natural oxide film is formed is shown in the XPS measurement in FIG. 31. The waveform analysis of the spectrum is shown in FIG. 32. The area ratio of each state in sample 1 and the intensity ratio of W2 and W3, which are standardized on W4 in each sample are shown in Chart 3. Further, the measurement of the surface of the semiconductor film side and the surface of the substrate side are shown together in the Chart 3. Chart 3 Intensity Standardized on W4 in each State Sample W1 W2 W3 W4 W2 W3 W4 Sample 1 69.54 6.42 1.03 23.01 27.90% 4.48% 100.00% Semi- 0 0 16.48 83.52 0.00% 19.73% 100.00% conductor Film Side after Delamina- tion Substrate 43.52 5.04 9.53 41.91 12.03% 22.74% 100.00% Side after Delamina- tion [0109] Further, FIG. 30A is a graph showing the intensity ratio of the components in W1 to W4 based upon the charts 1 and 3. FIG. 30B is a graph showing the intensity ratio of W2 and W3, which are standardized on W4. [0110] The occupied bond ratio of the side of the semiconductor film after the separation are as follows: W1 and W2 are 0%, W3 is 16%, and W4 is 84%; meanwhile on the substrate side, W1 is 44%, W2 is 5%, W3 is 10%, and W4 is 46%. The occupied bond ratio of the natural oxide film in sample 1 is found to be as follows: W1 is 70; W2 is 6; W3 is 1; and W4 is 23. [0111] In addition, the proportion of W1 (tungsten) is found to be higher in sample 1 compared with other samples. It is also found that the proportions of W2 to W4 (oxides) are low, and the proportion of W3 is considerably low. [0112] The total amount of WO2 on the sides of the semiconductor film and the substrate after the separation is found to be lower compared with WO2 in sample C. Hence, it can be considered that the state of the oxide layer before separation is energetically active (unstable), and W4 (WO3) as well as the natural oxide film become the main constituent thereby stabilizing the state after the separation. [0113] When sample C which can be separated and sample 1 in which the natural oxide film is formed are compared using FIGS. 30A and 30B, sample C is found to contain more W2 to W4 (oxides). [0114] Accordingly, when the separation is performed at the interface between the oxide layer and the metal film, at the interface between an oxide layer and the silicon oxide film, or in a layer of the oxide layer, it is found that all of W1 (metal W) and W2 (WOX, X is nearly 2) remain on the substrate side; ⅔ of W4 (WO3 and the like) remains on the semiconductor film side; and ⅓ thereof remains on the side of the substrate. Further, the composition ratios of the oxide layer and the natural oxide film are found to be different from each other. Thus, it is considered that the separation can easily be performed in a layer of the oxide layer, especially, at the interfaces between WO2 and WOx or between WO2 and WO3. Therefore, WO2 does not remain on the side of the semiconductor film and WO2 adheres to the side of the substrate in the experiment; however, it can be possible that WO2 adheres to the side of the semiconductor film and no WO2 exists on the side of the substrate. [0115] [Embodiment 5]
[0120] In this embodiment, a light emitting device which is provided with a TFT manufactured over a film substrate according to a delamination method of the present invention with reference to FIGS. 26A and 26B. [0121]FIG. 26A shows a top view of a light emitting device; a signal line driver circuit 1201, a scanning line driver circuit 1203, and a pixel area 1202 are provided over a film substrate 1210. [0122]FIG. 26B shows a cross section of a light emitting device taken along the line A-A′, and an oxide layer 1250 is provided over the film substrate 1210 with a binding material 1240 therebetween. Note that, the oxide layer may be scattered instead of being formed as a layer on the back of the film substrate. When a W film is used as a metal film as described in the above embodiment, the oxide layer serves as an oxide comprising tungsten as a major component, WO3, specifically. [0123] A signal line driver circuit 1201 provided with a CMOS circuit comprising an n-channel TFT 1223 and a p-channel TFT 1224, which is formed over the film substrate is shown. A TFT forming a signal line driver circuit or the scanning line driver circuit may be formed from a CMOS circuit, a PMOS circuit, or an NMOS circuit. Further in this embodiment, a built-in driver type wherein a signal line driver circuit and a scanning line drive circuit are formed over a substrate is shown; however, the circuits may be formed outside the substrate instead. [0124] Further, an insulating film 1214 comprising 1212 a switching TFT 1221 and a current controlling TFT, and further comprising an opening in a predetermined position, which covers the TFTs; a first electrode 1213 connected to one of wirings of the current controlling TFT 1212; an organic compound layer 1215 which is provided over a first electrode; a light emitting element 1218 comprising a second electrode 1216 which is provided opposite to the first electrode; and a pixel area 1220 comprising a protective layer 1217 which is provided to prevent deterioration of a light emitting element caused by water or oxygen, are shown. [0125] Owing to the structure wherein the first electrode 1213 contacts a drain of the current controlling TFT 1212, it is desirable that at least the bottom of the first electrode 1213 shall be formed from a material that can form an ohmic contact with a drain region of the semiconductor film, or a material having a high work function in the surface comprising an organic compound. For example, when a three-layer structure of a titanium nitride film/ a film comprising aluminum in major proportions/a titanium nitride film, is employed, the resistance as a wiring is low and the performance of making a good ohmic contact can be obtained. Further, the first electrode 1213 may be a single layer of a titanium nitride film, or a lamination having more than three layers. Furthermore, a light emitting device of a double side emission type can be manufactured by employing a transparent conductive film as the first electrode 1213. [0126] The insulating film 1214 may be formed from an organic resin film or an insulating film comprising silicon. A positive photosensitive acrylic film is used here for the insulating film 1214. [0127] It is preferable that the top edge and bottom edge of the insulating film 1214 is formed so as to have a curved surface with a curvature, thereby improving the coverage of a light emitting layer comprising an organic compound and the second electrode. For example, when a positive photosensitive acrylic film is employed for the insulating film 1214, it is preferable that the top edge of the insulating film 1214 solely has a curved surface with a curvature (0.2 μm to 3 μm). Further, whichever of a negative type that becomes insoluble in an etchant with light or a positive type that becomes soluble in an etchant with light can be used. [0128] Further, the insulating film 1214 may be covered with a protective film. The protective film may be an aluminum nitride film obtained by a film formation system using sputtering (DC system or RF system) or remote plasma; an aluminum oxynitride film; an insulating film such as a silicon nitride film comprising silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride in major proportions; or a thin film comprising carbon in major proportions. It is desirable that the film thickness of the protective may be thin as possible so that light can transmit through the protective film. [0129] A layer including an organic compound in which the luminescence of R, G, and B are obtained by applying an evaporation method with the use of a evaporation mask or ink-jetting is selectively formed over the first electrode 1213. Further the second electrode is formed over the layer including an organic compound 1215. [0130] When the light emitting element 1218 shall emit white light, a color filter formed of a colored layer and a black mask needs to be formed. [0131] The second electrode 1216 is connected to a connection wiring 1208 through an opening (a contact) provided over the insulating film 1214 in a connection area. The connection wiring 1208 is connected to a flexible printed circuit (FPC) 1209 by an anisotropic conductive resin (ACF). A video signal and a clock signal are received from an FPC 1209 which is to be an external input port. Only the FPC is illustrated here; however, a printed wiring board (PWB) may be attached to the FPC. [0132] When the FPC is connected by applying pressure or heat with the use of an ACF, it is noted that a crack due to the flexibility of a substrate or softening caused by heat should be prevented from generating. For example, a substrate with high hardness may be disposed as an assistance on a part of the film substrate 1210, opposite to the part where the FPC is adhered. [0133] The marginal portion of a substrate is provided with a sealing material 1205, and the substrate is pasted to a second film substrate 1204, and encapsulated. An epoxy resin is preferably used as the sealing material 1205. [0134] In this embodiment, a substrate formed of FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Plastics), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), mylar, polyester, acryl, or the like besides a glass substrate and a quartz substrate may be employed as a material for forming the second film substrate 1204. [0135] Although it is not illustrated, the film substrate may be covered with a barrier film comprising an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer; an inorganic material such as polysilazane, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, or silicon nitride; or a lamination of those, for preventing water or oxygen from penetrating through the film substrate. [0136] A protective layer may be provided over the film substrate to protect from a medicine in a manufacturing process. An ultraviolet curable resin or a thermosetting resin can be used for the protective layer. [0137] As described above, a light emitting device comprising a TFT provided over a film substrate is completed. The light emitting device comprising a TFT according to the present invention is hard to be broken even if it drops, and lightweight. A film substrate enables the enlargement of a light emitting device as well as mass production. [0138] [Embodiment 7]
[0139] A liquid crystal display device comprising a TFT formed over a film substrate by a delamination method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 27A and 27B in this embodiment. [0140]FIG. 27A shows a top view of a liquid crystal display device; a signal line driver circuit 1301, a scanning line driver circuit 1303, and a pixel area 1302 are provided over a first film substrate 1310. [0141]FIG. 27B shows a cross section of a liquid crystal display device taken along the line A-A′, and an oxide layer 1350 is formed over a film substrate 1310 with a binding material 1340 in between. Note that, the oxide layer may be scattered instead of being formed as a layer on the back of the film substrate. When a W film is used as a metal film as described in the above embodiment, the oxide layer serves as an oxide comprising tungsten as a major component, WO3, specifically. [0142] A signal line driver circuit 1301 provided with a CMOS circuit comprising an n-channel TFT 1323 and a p-channel TFT 1324 is formed over the film substrate. A TFT forming a signal line driver circuit or a scanning line driver circuit may be formed from a CMOS circuit, a PMOS circuit, or a NMOS circuit. Further in this embodiment, a built-in driver type wherein a signal line driver circuit and a scanning line drive circuit are formed over a substrate is shown; however, the circuits may be formed outside the substrate. [0143] Further, a pixel area provided with an interlayer insulating film 1314 comprising a switching TFT 1321 and a retention volume 1312, and further comprising an opening in a predetermined position, which covers the TFTs is shown. [0144] An oriented film 1317 is provided over the interlayer insulating film 1314, and is treated with rubbing. [0145] A second film substrate 1304 is prepared as a counter substrate. The second film substrate 1304 is provided with a color filter of RGB 1330, a counter electrode 1316, and an oriented film 1317 that is treated with rubbing, in an area partitioned into matrix form with resin or the like. [0146] A polarizer 1331 is provided over the first and second film substrates, and is adhered with a sealing material 1305. And a liquid crystal material 1318 is injected between the first and second film substrates. It is not illustrated; however, a spacer is provided appropriately to maintain a gap between the first and the second film substrates. [0147] Although it is not illustrated, the film substrate may be covered with a barrier film comprising an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer; or an inorganic material such as polysilazane, or silicon oxide; or a lamination of those, for preventing water or oxygen from penetrating through the film substrate. [0148] A protective layer may be provided to protect from a medicine in a manufacturing process. An ultraviolet curable resin or a thermosetting resin can be used for the protective layer. [0149] Like in FIGS. 26A and 26B, a wiring and a flexible printed circuit (FPC) are connected together by an anisotropic conductive resin (ACF), and receive a video signal and a clock signal. Note that, a connection with an FPC by applying pressure or heat needs attention to prevent a crack from generating. [0150] As described above, a liquid crystal display device comprising a TFT provided over a film substrate is completed. The liquid crystal display device comprising a TFT according to the present invention is hard to be broken even if it drops, and lightweight. A film substrate enables the enlargement of a liquid crystal display device as well as mass production. [0151] [Embodiment 8]
[0152] An embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 28. A panel having a pixel area, a driver circuit for controlling the pixel area, a memory circuit, and a CPU comprising a control unit and an arithmetic unit over on insulating surface will be explained in this embodiment. [0153]FIG. 28 shows the appearance of a panel. The panel has a pixel area 3000 wherein plural pixels are arranged in matrix over a substrate 3009. A scanning line driver circuit 3001, a scanning line driver circuit 3001 for controlling the pixel area 3000, and a signal line driver circuit 3002 are provided at the periphery of the pixel area 3000. In the pixel area 3000, an image is displayed according to a signal supplied from the driver circuit. [0154] The counter substrate may be provided only over the pixel area 3000 and the driver circuits 3001 and 3002, or may be provided over the entire surface alternatively. Note that, it is preferable that the CPU 3008 that may generate heat be provided with a heat sink contiguously. [0155] Further, the panel also has a VRAM 3003 (video random access memory) for controlling the driver circuits 3001 and 3002, and decoders 3004 and 3005 at the periphery of the VRAM 3000. In addition, the panel has a RAM (random access memory) 3006, a decoder 3007 at the periphery of the RAM 3006, and the CPU 3008. [0156] All elements forming a circuit over the substrate 3009 are formed of a polycrystalline semiconductor (polysilicon) that has higher field-effect mobility and higher ON current than that of an amorphous semiconductor. Therefore, a plurality of circuits can be formed into an integrated circuit over one insulating surface. A pixel area 3001, driver circuits 3001 and 3002, and another circuit are formed over a support substrate first, and separated by the delamination method according to the present invention, then, pasted with each other thereby achieving an integrated structure over the flexible substrate 3009. The structure of the plural pixels in the pixel area is, but not exclusively, formed by providing SRAM to each of the plural pixels. Thus, VRAM 3003 and RAM 3006 may be omitted. [0157] [Embodiment 9]
[0158] The present invention can be applied to various electronic devices. Given as examples as the electronic devices: a personal digital assistance (a cellular phone, a mobile computer, a portable game machine, an electronic book, or the like), a video camera, a digital camera, a goggle type display, a display, a navigation system, and the like. FIGS. 29A to 29E are views showing these electronic devices. [0159]FIG. 29A shows a display including a frame 4001, a sound output unit 4002, a display unit 4003, and the like. The present invention is used to the display unit 4003. The display includes all information displays such as a personal computer, a TV broadcasting, and an advertisement display. [0160]FIG. 29B shows a mobile computer having a main body 4101, a stylus 4102, a display unit 4103, an operation button 4104, an external interface 4105, and the like. The present invention is used to the display unit 4103. [0161]FIG. 29C shows a game machine including a main body 4201, a display unit 4202, an operation button 4203, and the like. The present invention is used to the display unit 4202. FIG. 29D is a cellular phone including a main body 4301, a sound output unit 4302, a sound input unit 4303, a display unit 4304, an operation switch 4305, an antenna 4306, and the like. The present invention is used to the display unit 4304. [0162]FIG. 29E shows a electronic book reader including a display unit 4401 and the like. The present invention is used to the display unit 4401. [0163] Since the application range of the present invention is extremely large, the present invention can be applied to various electronic devices in all fields. Especially, the present invention that enables devices to be thinner and/or lighter is remarkably effective for the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 29A to 29E. [0164] By employing a delamination method according to the present invention, a TFT or the like can be formed over a flexible film substrate achieving high yield since separation can be performed in the whole surface. Further, a burden caused by a laser or the like are not placed on a TFT in the present invention. Thus, a light emitting device, a display unit of a liquid crystal display device, or the like, which has the TFT and the like can be made thin, hard to be broken even if it drops, and lightweight. Further, display on a curved surface or in odd-shape is enabled. [0165] A TFT on a film substrate, which is formed according the present invention can achieve the enlargement of display units as well as mass production. The present invention enables the recycling of a first substrate on which a TFT or the like to be formed before transferring, and achieves reducing costs of a semiconductor film by employing a low-cost film substrate. 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