Source: http://www.google.ca/patents/US9413396
Timestamp: 2018-01-23 14:18:31
Document Index: 344380842

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 200880120367', 'Application No. 200980109399', 'Application No. 200880119918', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2']

Patent US9413396 - Storage container including multi-layer insulation composite material having ... - Google Patents
In one embodiment, a storage container includes a container structure defining at least one storage chamber. The container structure includes multi-layer insulation (MLI) composite material having at least one thermally-reflective layer. The at least one thermally-reflective layer includes bandgap material...http://www.google.ca/patents/US9413396?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US9413396 - Storage container including multi-layer insulation composite material having bandgap material
Publication number US9413396 B2
Application number US 13/907,470
Filing date 31 May 2013
Also published as US8485387, US20090283534, US20130265145
Publication number 13907470, 907470, US 9413396 B2, US 9413396B2, US-B2-9413396, US9413396 B2, US9413396B2
Inventors Jeffrey A. Bowers, Roderick A. Hyde, Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K. Y. Jung, Jordin T. Kare, Eric C. Leuthardt, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Thomas J. Nugent, JR., Clarence T. Tegreene, Charles Whitmer, Lowell L. Wood, JR.
Patent Citations (191), Non-Patent Citations (228), Classifications (16), Legal Events (1)
US 9413396 B2
In one embodiment, a storage container includes a container structure defining at least one storage chamber. The container structure includes multi-layer insulation (MLI) composite material having at least one thermally-reflective layer. The at least one thermally-reflective layer includes bandgap material that is transmissive to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation.
providing a container structure that at least partially defines at least one storage chamber, the at least one storage chamber including at least one first device positioned therein that is configured to transmit one or more radio-frequency signals, the container structure including,
one or more accesses to the at least one storage chamber; and
a multi-layer insulation composite material having a bandgap material that is transmissive to the one or more radio-frequency signals, the multi-layer insulation composite material including,
a first thermally-reflective layer;
a second thermally-reflective layer spaced from the first thermally-reflective layer; and
a region between the first and second thermally-reflective layers that limits heat conduction therebetween; and
transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber and through the container structure;
wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber and through the container structure includes transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device to at least one second device positioned external to the container structure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber and through the container structure includes transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals having information about the at least one storage chamber encoded therein.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber and through the container structure includes transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals having an identity of an object positioned in the at least one storage chamber encoded therein.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber and through the container structure includes transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals having temperature-history information about the at least one storage chamber encoded therein.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber and through the container structure includes transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals responsive to the at least one first device receiving a request from at least one second device positioned external to the container structure.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more accesses includes at least one of a lid, one or more interlocks configured to provide ingress of an object into the at least one storage chamber, or one or more interlocks configured to provide egress of an object from the at least one storage chamber.
providing a container structure that at least partially defines at least one storage chamber, the container structure including,
a multi-layer insulation composite material having a bandgap material that is transmissive to one or more radio-frequency signals, the multi-layer insulation composite material including, a first thermally-reflective layer;
transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals through the container structure from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure;
wherein the transmitting one or more radio-frequency signals through the container structure from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device to at least one second device positioned in the at least one storage chamber.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals through the container structure from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes transmitting a request encoded in the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device to at least one second device positioned in the at least one storage chamber.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals through the container structure from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes transmitting one or more instructions encoded in the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device to at least one second device positioned in the at least one storage chamber.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals through the container structure from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes transmitting information encoded in the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device to at least one second device positioned in the at least one storage chamber.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals through the container structure from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes directing an at least one second device to alter a temperature of the at least one storage chamber.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein directing the at least one first device to alter a temperature of the at least one storage chamber includes lowering the temperature of the at least one storage chamber.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein directing the at least one first device to alter a temperature of the at least one storage chamber includes increasing the temperature of the at least one storage chamber.
14. The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals through the container structure from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals from the at least one first device to at least one second device positioned in the at least one storage chamber responsive to the at least one first device receiving information from the at least one second device associated with the at least one storage chamber.
15. The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals through the container structure from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes directing the one or more radio-frequency signals at a radio-frequency window of the container structure.
one or more accesses to the at least one storage chamber; and a multi-layer insulation composite material having a bandgap material that is transmissive to one or more radio-frequency signals, the multi-layer insulation composite material including,
receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure and from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure;
wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure and from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals using at least one second device positioned in the at least one storage chamber.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure and from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals that direct at least one second device positioned in the at least one storage chamber to alter a temperature of the at least one storage chamber.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals that direct at least one second device positioned in the at least one storage chamber to alter a temperature of the at least one storage chamber includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals that direct the at least one second device to increase the temperature.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals that direct at least one second device positioned in the at least one storage chamber to alter a temperature of the at least one storage chamber includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals that direct the at least one second device to decrease the temperature.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure and from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes receiving a request from the at least one first device.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure and from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes receiving one or more instructions from the at least one first device.
22. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure and from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure includes receiving information from the at least one first device.
providing a container structure that at least partially defines at least one storage chamber, the at least one storage chamber including at least one first device positioned therein that is configured to transmit one or more radio-frequency signals, the container structure including, one or more accesses to the at least one storage chamber; and
a second thermally-reflective layer spaced form the first thermally-reflective layer; and
receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber;
wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals using at least one second device positioned external to the container structure.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals that encode information associated with the at least one storage chamber.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals having an identity of an object positioned in the at least one storage chamber encoded therein.
26. The method of claim 23, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals having temperature information about the at least one storage chamber encoded therein.
27. The method of claim 23, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals having temperature-history information about the at least one storage chamber encoded therein.
28. The method of claim 23, wherein receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through the container structure from the at least one first device positioned in the at least one storage chamber includes receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals with at least one second device positioned external to the container structure responsive to transmitting a request from the at least one second device.
For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/152,465, entitled STORAGE CONTAINER INCLUDING MULTI-LAYER INSULATION COMPOSITE MATERIAL HAVING BANDGAP MATERIAL, naming Jeffrey A. Bowers, Roderick A. Hyde, Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K. Y. Jung, Jordin T. Kare, Eric C. Leuthardt, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Thomas J. Nugent Jr., Clarence T. Tegreene, Charles Whitmer, and Lowell L. Wood Jr. as inventors, filed 13 May 2008, which is currently co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.
The present application is related to U.S. Patent Application entitled MULTI-LAYER INSULATION COMPOSITE MATERIAL INCLUDING BANDGAP MATERIAL, STORAGE CONTAINER USING SAME, AND RELATED METHODS, naming Jeffrey A. Bowers, Roderick A. Hyde, Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Edward K. Y. Jung, Jordin T. Kare, Eric C. Leuthardt, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Thomas J. Nugent Jr., Clarence T. Tegreene, Charles Whitmer, and Lowell L. Wood Jr. as inventors, filed currently herewith, and incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety.
The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/001,757 entitled TEMPERATURE-STABILIZED STORAGE CONTAINERS, naming Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Clarence T. Tegreene, William H. Gates, III, Charles Whitmer, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed on Dec. 11, 2007, and incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety.
The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/008,695 entitled TEMPERATURE-STABILIZED STORAGE CONTAINERS FOR MEDICINALS, naming Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Clarence T. Tegreene, William H. Gates, III, Charles Whitmer, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed on Jan. 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety.
The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/006,089 entitled TEMPERATURE-STABILIZED STORAGE SYSTEMS, naming Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Clarence T. Tegreene, William H. Gates, III, Charles Whitmer, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed on Dec. 27, 2007, and incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety.
The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/006,088 entitled TEMPERATURE-STABILIZED STORAGE CONTAINERS WITH DIRECTED ACCESS, naming Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Clarence T. Tegreene, William H. Gates, III, Charles Whitmer, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed on Dec. 27, 2007, and incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety.
The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/012,490 entitled METHODS OF MANUFACTURING TEMPERATURE-STABILIZED STORAGE CONTAINERS, naming Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Clarence T. Tegreene, William H. Gates, III, Charles Whitmer, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed on Jan. 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety.
The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/077,322 entitled TEMPERATURE-STABILIZED MEDICINAL STORAGE SYSTEMS, naming Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y. Jung, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Clarence T. Tegreene, William Gates, Charles Whitmer, and Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed on Mar. 17, 2008, and incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety.
In an embodiment, a storage container includes a container structure defining at least one storage chamber. The container structure includes multi-layer insulation (MLI) composite material having at least one thermally-reflective layer. The at least one thermally-reflective layer includes bandgap material that is transmissive to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation.
In an embodiment, a method includes transmitting one or more radio-frequency signals from at least one first device associated with at least one storage chamber defined by a container structure and through the container structure. The container structure includes MLI composite material having bandgap material that is transmissive to the one or more radio-frequency signals.
In an embodiment, a method includes transmitting one or more radio-frequency signals through a container structure defining at least one storage chamber from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure. The container structure includes MLI composite material having bandgap material that is transmissive to the one or more radio-frequency signals.
In an embodiment, a method includes receiving one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through a container structure defining at least one storage chamber and from at least one first device positioned external to the container structure. The container structure includes MLI composite material having bandgap material that is transmissive to the one or more radio-frequency signals.
In an embodiment, a method receiving one or more radio-frequency signals transmitted through a container structure defining at least one storage chamber and from at least one first device associated with the at least one storage chamber. The container structure includes MLI composite material having bandgap material that is transmissive to the one or more radio-frequency signals.
In an embodiment, a method includes transmitting excitation electromagnetic radiation through a container structure to excite one or more molecules located in a storage chamber therein. The container structure includes MLI composite material having bandgap material that is transmissive to the excitation electromagnetic radiation. The method further includes, responsive to the transmitting excitation electromagnetic radiation, receiving electromagnetic radiation emitted from the one or more molecules and through the MLI composite material.
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a MLI composite material, according to an embodiment, which is configured to reflect infrared EMR.
FIG. 2A is a partial cross-sectional view of the MLI composite material shown in FIG. 1, with a region between the first and second thermally-reflective layers including aerogel particles, according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional view of the MLI composite material shown in FIG. 1, with a region between the first and second thermally-reflective layers including a mass of fibers, according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2C is a partial cross-sectional view of a MLI composite material including two or more of the MLI composite materials shown in FIG. 1 stacked together according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the MLI composite material shown in FIG. 1 in which the first thermally-reflective layer includes a substrate on which a first bandgap material is disposed and the second thermally-reflective layer includes a substrate on which a second bandgap material is disposed according to an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the MLI composite material shown in FIG. 1 in which the first thermally-reflective layer includes a substrate on which first and second bandgap materials are disposed according to an embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of storage container including a container structure formed at least partially from MLI composite material.
FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of storage container including a container structure having a window fabricated from MLI composite material.
FIG. 7 is a partial side elevation view of a structure in the process of being wrapped with MLI composite material according to an embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a storage container having at least one first device located therein configured to communicate with at least one second device external to the storage container according to an embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a storage container including a temperature-control device according to an embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a storage container including a container structure having molecules stored therein that may emit EMR through the container structure responsive to excitation EMR according to an embodiment.
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a MLI composite material 100, according to an embodiment, which is configured to reflect infrared EMR. The MLI composite material 100 includes a first thermally-reflective layer 102 spaced from a second thermally-reflective layer 104. A region 106 is located between the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104, and impedes heat conduction between the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104. As discussed in further detail below, the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104 have relatively low emissivities in order to inhibit radiative heat transfer, and the region 106 functions to inhibit conductive and convective heat transfer between the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104 so that the MLI composite material 100 is thermally insulating.
The first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104 may be spaced from each other using, for example, low thermal conductivity spacers that join the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104 together, electro-static repulsion, or magnetic repulsion. For example, electrical potentials may be applied to the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104 and maintained to provide a controlled electro-static repulsive force, or the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104 may each include one or more magnetic or electromagnetic elements embedded therein or otherwise associated therewith to provide a magnetic repulsive force.
At least one of the first thermally-reflective layer 102 or the second thermally-reflective layer 104 includes bandgap material that is reflective to infrared EMR over a range of wavelengths. As used herein, the term “bandgap material” means a photonic crystal that exhibits at least one photonic bandgap, a semiconductor material that exhibits an electronic bandgap, or a material that exhibits both an electronic bandgap and at least one photonic bandgap.
Suitable photonic crystals include one-dimensional (e.g., a dielectric stack), two-dimensional, or three-dimensional photonic crystals. Such photonic crystals may be configured to exhibit at least one photonic bandgap so that the photonic crystal reflects (i.e., at least partially blocks) infrared EMR over the range of wavelengths. Such photonic crystals exhibit at least one photonic band gap that has an energy magnitude that is greater than at least part of and, in some embodiments, substantially the entire energy range for the infrared EMR having the range of wavelengths desired to be reflected. That is, at least part of the infrared EMR desired to be reflected falls within the at least one photonic bandgap. In some embodiments, the bandgap material may include an omni-directional, one-dimensional photonic crystal that is reflective to infrared EMR or another selected type of EMR regardless of the wavevector of the incident EMR.
In some embodiments, forming the bandgap material from a photonic crystal enables the MLI composite material 100 to be transparent to at least a part of the visible EMR wavelength spectrum. For example, the photonic crystal may be configured so that the infrared EMR of interest to be reflected falls within the photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal, while at least part of the energy in EMR of the visible EMR wavelength spectrum falls within the photonic conduction band and, thus, may be transmitted therethrough so that the MLI composite material 100 is transparent to at least part of the visible EMR wavelength spectrum.
Suitable semiconductor materials include, but are not limited to, silicon, germanium, silicon-germanium alloys, gallium antimonide, indium arsenide, lead(II) sulfide, lead(II) selenide, lead(II) telluride, or another suitable elemental or compound semiconductor material. Such semiconductor materials exhibit an electronic bandgap having an energy magnitude that is about equal to a magnitude of the energy of the infrared EMR at the upper limit of the range of wavelengths desired to be reflected. That is, the electronic bandgap is sufficiently low (e.g., less than about 1.3 eV) so that the energy of at least the longest wavelength (i.e., lowest energy) infrared EMR desired to be reflected may excite electrons from the valence band to the conduction band of the semiconductor material.
The infrared EMR wavelength spectrum is very broad and is, typically, defined to be about 1 μm to about 1 mm. However, thermal infrared EMR, which is a small portion of the infrared EMR wavelength spectrum, is of most interest to be reflected by the bandgap material to provide an efficient insulation material. In one embodiment, the bandgap material may be reflective to a range of wavelengths of about 1 μm to about 15 μm in the thermal infrared EMR wavelength spectrum. In an embodiment, the bandgap material may be reflective to a range of wavelengths of about 8 μm to about 12 μm in the thermal infrared EMR wavelength spectrum. Consequently, the MLI composite material 100 is reflective to infrared EMR and, particularly, thermal infrared EMR over the range of wavelengths.
As discussed above, the region 106 impedes heat conduction between the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104. In some embodiments, the region 106 may be at least partially or substantially filled with at least one low-thermal conductivity material. Referring to FIG. 2A, in one embodiment, the region 106 may include a mass 200 of aerogel particles or other type of material that at least partially or substantially fills the region 106. For example, the aerogel particles may comprise silica aerogel particles having a density of about 0.05 to about 0.15 grams per cm3, organic aerogel particles, or other suitable types of aerogel particles. Referring to FIG. 2B, in an embodiment, the region 106 may include a mass 202 of fibers that at least partially or substantially fills the region 106. For example, the mass 202 of fibers or foam may comprise a mass of alumina fibers, a mass of silica fibers, or any other suitable mass of fibers.
In an embodiment, instead of filling the region 106 between the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104 with a low thermal conductivity material, the region 106 may be at least partially evacuated to reduce heat conduction and convection between the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104.
Referring to FIG. 2C, according to an embodiment, an MLI composite material 204 may be formed from two or more sections of the MLI composite material 100 to enhance insulation performance. For example, the MLI composite material 204 includes a section 206 made from the MLI composite material 100 assembled with a section 208 that is also made from the MLI composite material 100. Although only two sections of the MLI composite material 100 are shown, other embodiments may include three or more sections of the MLI composite material 100.
Referring to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104 may include respective bandgap materials. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the MLI composite material 100 shown in FIG. 1 in which the first thermally-reflective layer 102 includes a substrate 300 on which a first layer of bandgap material 302 is disposed and the second thermally-reflective layer 104 includes a substrate 304 on which a second layer of bandgap material 306 is disposed. The substrates 300 and 304 may each comprise a rigid inorganic substrate (e.g., a silicon substrate) or a flexible, polymeric substrate (e.g., made from Teflon®, Mylar®, Kapton®, etc.). Forming the substrates 300 and 304 from a flexible, polymeric material and forming the first and second layers of bandgap material 302 and 306 sufficiently thin enables the MLI composite material 100 to be sufficiently flexible to be wrapped around a structure as insulation.
The first and second layers of bandgap materials 302 and 306 may be selected from any of the previously described bandgap materials. For example, in one embodiment, the first thermally-reflective layer 102 may be formed by depositing the first layer of bandgap material 302 onto the substrate 300 using a deposition technique, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), or another suitable technique. The second thermally-reflective layer 104 may be formed using the same or similar technique as the first thermally-reflective layer 102.
In some embodiments, the first layer of bandgap material 302 may be reflective to infrared EMR over a first range of wavelengths and the second layer of bandgap material 306 may be reflective to infrared EMR over a second range of wavelengths. In such an embodiment, the MLI composite material 100 may be configured to block infrared EMR over a range of wavelengths that would be difficult to block using a single type of bandgap material.
In some embodiments, the first layer of bandgap material 302 may be reflective to infrared EMR over a first range of wavelengths, and the second layer of bandgap material 306 may be reflective to EMR outside of the infrared EMR spectrum (e.g., EMR in the ultra-violet EMR wavelength spectrum). In other embodiments, the first layer of bandgap material 302 and second layer of bandgap material 306 may be reflective to infrared EMR over the same range of wavelengths.
It is noted that in some embodiments, more than one layer of bandgap material may be disposed on the substrates 300 and 304, respectively. The different layers of bandgap material may be reflective to EMR over different ranges of wavelengths. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the MLI composite material 100 may include one or more additional layers that may be reflective to EMR that falls outside the infrared EMR wavelength spectrum.
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the MLI composite material 100 shown in FIG. 1 in which one of the first and second thermally-reflective layers 102 and 104 includes two or more types of different bandgap materials according to an embodiment. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the first thermally-reflective layer 102 may include a substrate 400 (e.g., a ceramic or polymeric substrate) on which a first layer of bandgap material 402 is deposited (e.g., using CVD, PVD, etc.) and a second layer of bandgap material 404 is deposited (e.g., using CVD, PVD, etc.) onto the first layer of bandgap material 402. The first layer of bandgap material 402 may be reflective to infrared EMR over a first range of wavelengths and the second layer of bandgap material 402 may be reflective to infrared EMR over a second range of wavelengths. The first and second layers of bandgap materials 402 and 404 may be selected from any of the previously described bandgap materials.
In some embodiments, the first layer of bandgap material 402 may be reflective to infrared EMR over a first range of wavelengths, and the second layer of bandgap material 404 may be reflective to EMR outside of the infrared EMR spectrum (e.g., EMR in the ultra-violet EMR wavelength spectrum). In other embodiments, the first layer of bandgap material 402 and second layer of bandgap material 406 may be reflective to infrared EMR over the same range of wavelengths. It is noted that in some embodiments, more than two layers of bandgap material may be disposed on the substrate 400. The different layers of bandgap material may be reflective to EMR over different ranges of wavelengths.
FIGS. 5-7 illustrate various applications of the above-described MLI composite materials for maintaining an object for a period of time at a temperature different than that of the object's surrounding environment. For example, in applications (e.g., cryogenic applications or storing temperature-sensitive medicines), an object may be maintained at a temperature below that of the object's surroundings. In other applications (e.g., reducing heat-loss in piping, etc.), an object may be maintained at a temperature above that of the object's surroundings for a period of time.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of storage container 500 that employs at least one of the described MLI composite material embodiments. The storage container 500 includes a container structure 502, which may include a receptacle 504 and a lid 506 removably attached to the receptacle 504 that, together, forms a storage chamber 508. At least a portion of the receptacle 504, lid 506, or both may comprise any of the described MLI composite material embodiments. Forming the container structure 502 at least partially or completely from the described MLI composite material embodiments provide a thermally-insulative structure for insulating an object 510 stored in the storage chamber 508 and enclosed by the container structure 502 from incident infrared EMR of the storage container's 500 surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the container structure 502 may be fabricated by assembling sections of MLI composite material together.
In some embodiments, the container structure 502 may include one or more interlocks configured to provide controllable ingress of the object into the storage chamber 508 or egress of the object 510 stored in the storage chamber 508 from the container structure 502. The one or more interlocks may enable inserting the object 510 into the storage chamber 508 or removing the object 510 from the storage chamber 508 without allowing the temperature of the chamber 508 to significantly change. In some embodiments, the container structure 502 may include two or more storage chambers, and the one or more interlocks enable removal an object from one storage chamber without disturbing the contents in another chamber. Similarly, the one or more interlocks may enable insertion of an object into one storage chamber without disturbing the contents of another storage chamber. For example, the one or more interlocks may allow ingress or egress of an object through a network of passageways of the container structure 502, with the one or more interlocks being manually or automatically actuated.
FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of storage container 600 having a window 602 fabricated from an MLI composite material. The storage container 600 may comprise a container structure 604 including a receptacle 606 having the window 602 formed therein and a lid 608. The window 602 may be fabricated from one of the described MLI composite material embodiments, which is reflective to infrared EMR (e.g., over a range of wavelengths), but transparent to other wavelengths in the visible EMR wavelength spectrum. Additionally, in some embodiments, portions of the receptacle 606 other than the window 602 may also be fabricated from at least one of the described MLI composite material embodiments.
As previously described, in such an embodiment, the bandgap material of the MLI composite material may be a photonic crystal configured to be reflective to infrared EMR, but transparent to at least a portion of the visible EMR wavelength spectrum. The window 602 provides visual access to a storage chamber 610 defined by the receptacle 606 and lid 608 in which an object 612 is stored. Thus, the window 602 enables viewing the object 612 therethrough.
FIG. 7 is a partial side elevation view of a structure 700 in the process of being wrapped with flexible MLI composite material 702 according to an embodiment. For example, the flexible MLI composite material 702 may employ a flexible, polymeric substrate on which one or more layers of bandgap material is disposed, such as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. For example, the structure 700 may be configured as a pipe having a passageway 704 therethrough, a cryogenic tank, a container, or any other structure desired to be insulated. The structure 700 may be at least partially or completely enclosed by wrapping the flexible, MLI composite material 702 manually or using an automated, mechanized process.
Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, in some embodiments, the MLI composite material used to form a portion of or substantially all of a container structure of a storage container may be transmissive to radio-frequency EMR. The MLI composite material may be transmissive to radio-frequency EMR having a wavelength of about 0.1 m to about 1000 m and, in some embodiments, about 0.5 m to about 10 m. Therefore, any component (e.g., thermally-reflective layers and substrates) that forms part of the MLI composite material may be transmissive to the radio-frequency EMR. In one embodiment, the bandgap material of the MLI composite material may comprise a photonic crystal that is transmissive to radio-frequency EMR over at least part of the radio-frequency EMR spectrum, while still being reflective to infrared EMR in order to also be thermally insulating. The energy range of the radio-frequency EMR desired to be transmitted through the photonic crystal may have an energy range that falls outside the at least one photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal (i.e., within the photonic valence band). In an embodiment, the bandgap material may be a semiconductor material, and the energy range of the radio-frequency EMR desired to be transmitted through the semiconductor may fall within the electronic bandgap. In such embodiments, at least one first device disposed within the container structure may communicate with at least one second device external to the container structure via one or more radio-frequency EMR signals transmitted through the MLI composite material of the container structure.
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the storage container 500 having at least one first device 800 operably associated with the storage chamber 508 according to an embodiment. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the first device 800 is located within the storage chamber 508 along with the object 510 being stored. However, in other embodiments, the first device 800 may be embedded, for example, in the container structure 502 (e.g., the receptacle 504 or lid 506). The first device 800 is configured to communicate via one or more radio-frequency signals 802 (i.e., radio-frequency EMR) with at least one second device 804 that is external to the storage container 500.
In operation, the first device 800 may communicate encoded information about the storage chamber 508 via the one or more radio-frequency signals 802, and the second device 804 may receive the communicated one or more radio-frequency signals 802. For example, the encoded information may include temperature or temperature history of the storage chamber 508, or an identity of the object 510 being stored in the storage chamber 508.
According to one embodiment, the first device 800 may be configured to communicate an identity of the object 510 being stored in the storage chamber 508. For example, the first device 800 may be configured as a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag that transmits the identity of the object 510 encoded in the one or more radio-frequency signals 802 responsive to being interrogated the second device 804. In such an embodiment, the second device 804 may interrogate the RFID tag via the one or more radio-frequency signals 806 transmitted by the second device 802, through the container structure 502, and to the first device 800. The second device 804 receives the identity of the object 510 communicated from the RFID tag encoded in the one or more radio-frequency signals 802 transmitted through the container structure 502.
According to an embodiment, the second device 804 may receive the one or more radio-frequency signals 802 responsive to transmitting the one or more radio-frequency signals 806. For example, the first device 800 may be configured as a temperature sensor configured to sense a temperature within the storage chamber 508. In such an embodiment, the first device 800 may include memory circuitry (not shown) configured to store a temperature history of the temperature within the storage chamber 508 measured by the temperature sensor. In operation, the second device 804 may transmit one or more radio-frequency signals 806 having information encoded therein (e.g., a request, one or more instructions, etc.) through the container structure 502 and to the first device 800 in order to request and receive the sensed temperature or temperature history from the first device 800 encoded in the one or more radio-frequency signals 802.
According to an embodiment, the second device 804 may transmit the one or more radio-frequency signals 806 responsive to receiving the one or more radio-frequency signals 802. For example, the first device 800 may transmit the one or more radio-frequency signals 802 periodically or continuously to indicate the presence of the storage container 500. The second device 804 may transmit the one or more radio-frequency signals 806 through the container structure 502 and to the first device 800 to, for example, request temperature history of or identity of the object 510 responsive to receiving an indication of the presence of the storage container 500. For example, the one or more radio-frequency signals 802 may encode information about the temperature or temperature history of the storage chamber 508, identity of the object 510, or other information associated with the storage container 500, storage chamber 508, or object 510.
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the storage container 500 that may include a temperature-control device 902 according to an embodiment. The container structure 502 may include one or more partitions that divide the storage chamber 508 into at least two storage chambers. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, a partition 903 divides the storage chamber 508 into storage chambers 508 a and 508 b. The object 510 may be stored in the storage chamber 508 a and a temperature-control device 902 may be located in the storage chamber 508 b.
The temperature-control device 902 may include a temperature sensor 907 (e.g., one or more thermal couples) that accesses the storage chamber 508 a through the partition 903 and is configured to sense the temperature of the object 510. The temperature-control device 902 further includes a heating/cooling device 904 (e.g., one or more Peltier cells) thermally coupled to a heating/cooling element 908 (e.g., a metallic rod) that accesses the storage chamber 508 a through the partition 903, and is heated or cooled via the heating/cooling device 904. The temperature-control device 902 may also include an actuator 905 operably coupled to the thermal element 908. The temperature-control device 902 further includes a controller 906 operably connected to the temperature sensor 907, heating/cooling device 904, and actuator 905. The actuator 905 is configured to controllably move the thermal element 908 to contact the object 510 responsive to instructions from the controller 906. The temperature-control device 902 may be powered by a battery, a wireless power receiver configured generate electricity responsive to a magnetic field, or another suitable power source.
In one embodiment, the temperature-control device 902 may be configured to heat or cool the object 510 so that the object 510 may be generally stabilized at a selected temperature programmed in or set by the controller 906. In an embodiment, a second device 910 may transmit one or more radio-frequency signals 912 having information encoded therein (e.g., one or more instructions) through the container structure 502 and to the controller 906 of the temperature-control device 902 to direct the temperature-control device 902 to alter a temperature of the object 510 responsive to one or more radio-frequency signals 911 that encode a temperature of the object 510 or storage chamber 508 a. Responsive to instructions encoded in the one or more radio-frequency signals 912 transmitted from the second device 910, the controller 906 instructs the actuator 905 to move the thermal element 908 to contact the object 510 and heat or cool the thermal element 908 via the heating/cooling device 904 to heat or cool the object 510, as desired or needed.
As described above, in some embodiments, only a portion of the container structure 502 may be formed from the MLI composite material that is transmissive to the radio-frequency signals 912. In one embodiment, the container structure 502 may include suitable markings 914 (e.g., lines, scribe marks, protrusions, etc.) that visually indicate the portion of the container structure 502 made from the MLI composite material (i.e., radio-frequency window) so that a user may direct the one or more radio-frequency signals 912 accurately therethrough to the temperature-control device 902. In the illustrated embodiment, the markings 914 are located on the exterior of the receptacle 504. However, in other embodiments, the markings 914 may be located on the lid 506 depending upon which portion of the container structure 502 is formed from the MLI composite material.
Referring to FIG. 10, the storage container 500 may be employed to store a plurality of molecules 1000, such as a plurality of tagged molecules. For example, the plurality of molecules 1000 may be a temperature-sensitive medicine, a vaccine, or a biological substance. In one embodiment, the MLI composite material may include at least one first type of bandgap material reflective to infrared EMR over a range of wavelengths and at least one second type of bandgap material reflective to EMR that may damage the molecules 1000 (e.g., ultra-violet EMR).
In an embodiment of a method, an excitation source 1002 (e.g., a laser) may be provided that is configured to output excitation EMR 1004 at one or more selected wavelengths chosen to excite the molecules 1000. The excitation source 1002 may output the excitation EMR 1004, which is transmitted through the MLI composite material that forms substantially all or a portion of the container structure 502 to excite the molecular tag of the tagged molecules 1000. Responsive to transmitting the excitation EMR 1004, EMR 1006 emitted by the molecules 1000 due to being excited by the excitation EMR 1004 may be transmitted through the MLI composite material of the container structure 502 and received. The EMR 1006 may be characteristic of the chemistry of the molecules 1000. Thus, the received EMR 1006 emitted by the molecules 1000 may be used to identify the type of molecules 1000 being stored in the storage container 500.
For example, the EMR 1006 may be in the visible wavelength spectrum to which the MLI composite material is transparent, and the color of the EMR 1006 may be received and perceived by a viewer outside of the storage container 500. In other embodiments, a detector (not shown), such as a spectrometer or other suitable analytical instrument, may be provided that receives the EMR 1006 transmitted through the MLI composite material of the container structure 502, and configured to analyze the EMR 1006 to identify the molecules 1000. In such an embodiment, the EMR 1006 may or may not be in the visible EMR wavelength spectrum.
In a general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various embodiments described herein can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by various types of electro-mechanical systems having a wide range of electrical components such as hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof and a wide range of components that may impart mechanical force or motion such as rigid bodies, spring or torsional bodies, hydraulics, and electro-magnetically actuated devices, or virtually any combination thereof. Consequently, as used herein “electro-mechanical system” includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry operably coupled with a transducer (e.g., an actuator, a motor, a piezoelectric crystal, etc.), electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment), and any non-electrical analog thereto, such as optical or other analogs. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that examples of electro-mechanical systems include but are not limited to a variety of consumer electronics systems, as well as other systems such as motorized transport systems, factory automation systems, security systems, and communication/computing systems. Those skilled in the art will recognize that electro-mechanical as used herein is not necessarily limited to a system that has both electrical and mechanical actuation except as context may dictate otherwise.
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International Classification F17C1/02, B29D22/00, H04B1/06, H04Q5/22, H01Q5/15, G08C17/02, H04B1/02, B65D81/38
Cooperative Classification Y10T428/1376, B65D81/3834, G08C17/02, B65D81/3846, B65D81/3823, H04B1/02, H04B1/06, B65D81/3874