Source: https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2011/04/26/2011-9448/general-provisions-revised-list-of-migratory-birds
Timestamp: 2015-04-02 07:48:38
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Federal Register | General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds
Dates: To ensure consideration of your comments, they must be received or postmarked on or before July 25, 2011.
-23448 (22 pages)
Docket No. FWS-R9-MB-2010-0088
1018-AX48
Document Number: 2011-9448
Shorter URL: https://federalregister.gov/a/2011-9448 Related Topics
FWS-R9-MB-2010-0088
Migratory Bird Management; Revising the List of Migratory Bird Species Protected Under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act Docket RIN
We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, propose to revise the List of Migratory Birds by both adding and removing species. Reasons for the changes to the list include adding species based on new taxonomy and new evidence of occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories, removing species no longer known to occur within the United States, and changing names to conform to accepted use. The net increase of 19 species (23 added and 4 removed) brings the total number of species protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) to 1,026. We regulate most aspects of the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds. An accurate and up-to-date list of species protected by the MBTA is essential for public notification and regulatory purposes.
Migratory Bird Management; Revising the List of Migratory Bird Species Protected Under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act 3 actions from April 26th, 2011 to July 2013
76 FR 23428
Why is this amendment of the list of migratory birds necessary?
How do the proposed changes affect the list of migratory birds?
To ensure consideration of your comments, they must be received or postmarked on or before July 25, 2011.
Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments on Docket No. FWS-R9-MB-2010-0088.
U.S. Mail or hand delivery: Public Comments Processing, Attn: FWS-R9-MB-2010-0088; Division of Policy and Directives Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 222; Arlington, VA 22203-1610.
We have statutory authority and responsibility for enforcing the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) (16 U.S.C. 703-712), the Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 742l), and the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a-j). The MBTA implements Conventions between the United States and four neighboring countries for the protection of migratory birds, as follows:
(1) Canada: Convention between the United States and Great Britain [on behalf of Canada] for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, 39 Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628);
(2) Mexico: Convention between the United States and Mexico for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912);
Our purpose is to inform the public of the species protected by the MBTA and its implementing regulations. These regulations are found in Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 10, 20, and 21. We regulate most aspects of the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds. An accurate and up-to-date list of species protected by the MBTA is essential for regulatory purposes.
The amendment is needed to: (1) Add five species previously overlooked from a family protected under the MBTA; (2) correct the spelling of five species on the alphabetized list; (3) correct the spelling of two species on the taxonomic list; (4) add 11 species based on new distributional records documenting their natural occurrence in the United States since April 2007; (5) add one species from a family now protected under the MBTA as a result of taxonomic changes; (6) add six species newly recognized as a result of recent taxonomic changes; (7) remove four species not known to occur within the boundaries of the United States or its territories as a result of recent taxonomic changes; (8) change the common (English) names of nine species to conform with accepted use; and (9) change the scientific names of 36 species to conform to accepted use.
The List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR 10.13) was last revised on March 1, 2010 (75 FR 9282). These amendments were necessitated by three published supplements to the 7th (1998) edition of the American Ornithologists' Union's (AOU's) Check-list of North American Birds (AOU 2008, AOU 2009, and AOU 2010).
In addition, we propose to correct the legal authorities citations at 50 CFR 10.13(a).
We also would make a small change to a definition in 50 CFR 21.3. We propose to update the definition of “raptor” to also include the order Accipitriformes to correspond to the proposed changes in the List of Migratory Birds.
Although bird names (common and scientific) are relatively stable, staying current with standardized use is necessary to avoid confusion in communications. In making our determinations, we primarily relied on the American Ornithologists' Union's Check-list of North American Birds (AOU 1998), as amended (AOU 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010), on matters of taxonomy, nomenclature, and the sequence of species and other higher taxonomic categories (orders, families, subfamilies) for species that occur in North America. The AOU Checklist contains all bird species that have occurred in North America from the Arctic through Panama, including the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands, and includes distributional information for each species, which specifies whether the species is known to occur in the United States. For the 39 species that occur outside the geographic area covered by the Check-list (28 that occur in the Pacific island territories and 11 listed in the Japanese and/or Russian conventions that have not occurred in the AOU area), we relied primarily on Clements (2007). Although we primarily rely on the above checklists, when informed taxonomic opinion is inconsistent or controversial, we evaluate available published and unpublished information and come to our own conclusion regarding the validity of taxa.
(1) It is covered by the Canadian Convention of 1916, as amended in 1996, by virtue of meeting the following three criteria: (a) It belongs to a family or group of species named in the Canadian Convention, as amended; (b) specimens, photographs, videotape recordings, or audiotape recordings provide convincing evidence of natural occurrence in the United States or its territories; and (c) the documentation of such records has been recognized by the AOU or other competent scientific authorities.
(2) It is covered by the Mexican Convention of 1936, as amended in 1972, by virtue of meeting the following three criteria: (a) It belongs to a family or group of species named in the Mexican Convention, as amended; (b) specimens, photographs, videotape recordings, or audiotape recordings provide convincing evidence of natural occurrence in the United States or its territories; and (c) the documentation of such records has been recognized by the AOU or other competent scientific authorities.
In accordance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Reform Act of 2004 (MBTRA) (Pub. L. 108-447, 118 Stat. 2809, 3071-72), we include all species native to the United States or its territories, which are those that occur as a result of natural biological or ecological processes (see 70 FR 12710, March 15, 2005). We do not include nonnative species whose occurrences in the United States are solely the result of intentional or unintentional human-assisted introduction(s).
Several taxonomic changes were made at the Order and Family level by the AOU since publication of the last list. These changes affect the inclusion and taxonomic order of species on this list. Specifically, the Orders Phaethontiformes and Suliformes were split from the Pelecaniformes. Phaethontiformes now includes the Family Phaethontidae (tropicbirds); Suliformes now includes the Families Fregatidae (frigatebirds), Sulidae (boobys), Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants), and Anhingidae (anhingas). In addition, the Order Accipitriformes was split from the Falconiformes and now include the Families Cathartidae (vultures), Pandionidae (Osprey), and Accipitridae (hawks and eagles). At the Family level, the Ardeidae (herons and egrets) and Threskiornithidae (ibis and spoonbills) were moved from the Ciconiiformes to the Pelecaniformes Order, the Pandionidae (Osprey) were separated from the Accipitridae (hawks and eagles), and the Stercorariidae (jaegers and skuas) were separated from the Laridae (gulls, terns, and skimmers). The Polioptilidae (gnatcatchers), Phylloscopidae (Phylloscopus warblers), Acrocephalidae (Acrocephalus warblers), and Megaluridae (Locustella warblers) were separated from the Sylviidae, and the Calcariidae (longspurs and snow buntings) were separated from the Emberizidae (buntings and sparrows). The euphonias were put into their own Subfamily (Euphoniinae) and moved from the Thraupidae to the Fringillidae Family. All species within these newly created families continue to be protected under the MBTA. In addition, the Wrentit was moved from the Timaliidae (babblers) to the Sylviidae and is now in a family protected by the MBTA.
The amendments (23 additions, 4 removals, and 51 name changes) affect a grand total of 78 species and result in a net addition of 19 species to the List of Migratory Birds, increasing the species total from 1,007 to 1,026. Of the 23 species that we add to the list, 6 were previously covered under the MBTA as subspecies of listed species. These amendments can be logically arranged in the following 9 categories:
(1) Add five species from the family Muscicapidae, a family specifically listed in the 1996 protocol amending the 1916 convention with Canada. The omission of these species on the previous list was an oversight. All are considered accidental or casual in Alaska. The species and relevant AOU publication(s) are:
Mugimaki Flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki (AOU 1987, 1997, 1998);
Taiga Flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998, 2006);
Dark-sided Flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998, 2004);
Asian Brown Flycatcher, Muscicapa dauurica (AOU 1987, 1989, 1998); and
Spotted Flycatcher, Muscicapa striata (AOU 2004).
(2) Correct the spelling of five scientific names on the alphabetized list:
Nesofregata fuliginosa (Polynesian Storm-Petrel), becomes Nesofregetta fuliginosa;
Thalleseus maximus (Royal Tern), becomes Thalasseus maximus;
Thalleseus sandvicensis (Sandwich Tern), becomes Thalasseus sandvicensis;
Phylloscopus siilatrix (Wood Warbler), becomes Phylloscopus sibilatrix; and
Locustella lanceoloata (Lanceolated Warbler), becomes Locustella lanceolata.
(3) Correct the spelling of two scientific names on the taxonomic list:
Nesofregetta fuiginosa (Polynesian Storm-Petrel), becomes Nesofregetta fuliginosa; and
Tiaris olivacea (Yellow-faced Grassquit), becomes Tiaris olivaceus.
(4) Add 11 species based on review and acceptance by AOU (since April 2007) of new distributional records documenting their occurrence in the United States, Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands. These species belong to families covered by the Canadian and/or Mexican Conventions, and all are considered to be of accidental or casual occurrence. For each species, we list the State in which it has been recorded plus the relevant publication:
Parkinson's Petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni—California (AOU 2008);
Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma monorhis—North Carolina (AOU 2010);
Swallow-tailed Gull, Creagrus furcatus—California (AOU 2008);
Brown Hawk-Owl, Ninox scutulata—Alaska (AOU 2009);
White-crested Elaenia, Elaenia albiceps—Texas (AOU 2010);
Crowned Slaty Flycatcher, Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus—Louisiana (AOU 2010);
Sinaloa Wren, Thryothorus sinaloa—Arizona (AOU 2010);
Pallas's Leaf-Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus—Alaska (AOU 2008);
Sedge Warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus—Alaska (AOU 2009);
Rufous-tailed Robin, Luscinia sibilans—Alaska (AOU 2010); and
Yellow-browed Bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys—Alaska (AOU 2009).
(5) Add one species because of recent taxonomic changes transferring a species in a family formerly not protected by the MBTA (Timaliidae) into a family protected under the MBTA (Sylviidae). We reference the AOU publication supporting the change:
Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata (AOU 2010).
(6) Add six species because of recent taxonomic changes in which taxa formerly treated as subspecies have been determined to be distinct species. Given that each of these species was formerly treated as subspecies of a listed species, these additions will not change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, we reference the AOU publication supporting the change:
Eastern Spot-billed Duck, Anas zonorhyncha—formerly considered a subspecies of Anas poecilorhyncha, Spot-billed Duck (AOU 2008);
Black Scoter, Melanitta americana— formerly treated as a subspecies of Melanitta nigra, Common [Black] Scoter (AOU 2009);
Mexican Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus arizonae— formerly treated as a subspecies of Caprimulgus vociferus, Whip-poor-will (AOU 2010);
Pacific Wren, Troglodytes pacificus— formerly treated as a subspecies of Troglodytes troglodytes, Eurasian [Winter] Wren (AOU 2010);
Winter Wren, Troglodytes hiemalis— formerly treated as a subspecies of Troglodytes troglodytes, Eurasian [Winter] Wren (AOU 2010); and
Puerto Rican Oriole, Icterus portoricensis— formerly treated as a subspecies of Icterus dominicensis, Hispaniolan [Greater Antillean] Oriole (AOU 2010).
(7) Remove four species based on revised taxonomic treatments and distributional evidence confirming that their known geographic ranges lie entirely outside the political boundaries of the United States and its territories. In each case, we reference the AOU publication supporting these changes:
Spot-billed Duck, Anas poecilorhyncha (AOU 2008);
Common [Black] Scoter, Melanitta nigra (AOU 2009);
Eurasian [Winter] Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes (AOU 2010); and
Hispaniolan [Greater Antillean] Oriole, Icterus dominicensis (AOU 2010).
(8) Revise the common (English) names of nine species to conform to the most recent nomenclatural treatment. These revisions do not change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, we reference the published source for the name change:
Greater Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber, becomes American Flamingo (AOU 2008);
Greater Shearwater, Puffinus gravis, becomes Great Shearwater (AOU 2010);
Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus, becomes Eastern Whip-poor-will (AOU 2010);
Green Violet-ear, Colibri thalassinus, becomes Green Violetear (AOU 2008);
Blue Rock Thrush, Monticola solitarius, becomes Blue Rock-Thrush (Clements 2007);
Clay-colored Robin, Turdus grayi, becomes Clay-colored Thrush (AOU 2008);
White-throated Robin, Turdus assimilis, becomes White-throated Thrush (AOU 2008);
Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Ammodramus nelsoni, becomes Nelson's Sparrow (AOU 2009); and
Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Ammodramus caudacutus, becomes Saltmarsh Sparrow (AOU 2009).
(9) Revise the scientific names of 36 species to conform to the most recent nomenclatural treatment. These revisions do not change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, we reference the AOU publication documenting the name change:
Larus philadelphia (Bonaparte's Gull) becomes Chroicocephalus philadelphia (AOU 2008);
Larus cirrocephalus (Gray-hooded Gull) becomes Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (AOU 2008);
Larus ridibundus (Black-headed Gull) becomes Chroicocephalus ridibundus (AOU 2008);
Larus minutus (Little Gull) becomes Hydrocoloeus minutus (AOU 2008);
Larus atricilla (Laughing Gull) becomes Leucophaeus atricilla (AOU 2008);
Larus pipixcan (Frankin's Gull) becomes Leucophaeus pipixcan (AOU 2008);
Cyanocorax morio (Brown Jay) becomes Psilorhinus morio (AOU 2010);
Poecile hudsonica (Boreal Chickadee) becomes Poecile hudsonicus (AOU 2009);
Poecile cincta (Gray-headed Chickadee) becomes Poecile cinctus (AOU 2009);
Calcarius mccownii (McCown's Longspur) becomes Rhynchophanes mccownii (AOU 2010);
Vermivora pinus (Blue-winged Warbler) becomes Vermivora cyanoptera (AOU 2010);
Vermivora peregrina (Tennessee Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis peregrina (AOU 2010);
Vermivora celata (Orange-crowned Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis celata (AOU 2010);
Vermivora ruficapilla (Nashville Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis ruficapilla (AOU 2010);
Vermivora virginiae (Virginia's Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis virginiae (AOU 2010);
Vermivora crissalis (Colima Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis crissalis (AOU 2010);
Vermivora luciae (Lucy's Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis luciae (AOU 2010);
Parula superciliosa (Crescent-chested Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis superciliosa (AOU 2010);
Seiurus noveboracensis (Northern Waterthrush) becomes Parkesia noveboracensis (AOU 2010);
Seiurus motacilla (Louisiana Waterthrush) becomes Parkesia motacilla (AOU 2010);
Pipilo fuscus (Canyon Towhee) becomes Melozone fusca (AOU 2010);
Pipilo crissalis (California Towhee) becomes Melozone crissalis (AOU 2010);
Pipilo aberti (Abert's Towhee) becomes Melozone aberti (AOU 2010);
Aimophila carpalis (Rufous-winged Sparrow) becomes Peucaea carpalis (AOU 2010);
Aimophila botterii (Botteri's Sparrow) becomes Peucaea botterii (AOU 2010);
Aimophila cassinii (Cassin's Sparrow) becomes Peucaea cassinii (AOU 2010);
Aimophila aestivalis (Bachman's Sparrow) becomes Peucaea aestivalis (AOU 2010);
Aimophila quinquestriata (Five-striped Sparrow) becomes Amphispiza quinquestriata (AOU 2010);
Carduelis flammea (Common Redpoll) becomes Acanthis flammea (AOU 2009);
Carduelis hornemanni (Hoary Redpoll) becomes Acanthis hornemanni (AOU 2009);
Carduelis spinus (Eurasian Siskin) becomes Spinus spinus (AOU 2009);
Carduelis pinus (Pine Siskin) becomes Spinus pinus (AOU 2009);
Carduelis psaltria (Lesser Goldfinch) becomes Spinus psaltria (AOU 2009);
Carduelis lawrencei (Lawrence's Goldfinch) becomes Spinus lawrencei (AOU 2009);
Carduelis tristis (American Goldfinch) becomes Spinus tristis (AOU 2009); and
Carduelis sinica (Oriental Greenfinch) becomes Chloris sinica (AOU 2009).
For ease of comparison, changes are summarized in the following table (numbers reference the categories treated above). Species whose names have been revised (categories 2, 8, and 9) appear in both the left-hand column (old name removed) and right-hand column (new name added), as are species that have been added based on taxonomic splits (category 6) of extralimital species that have been removed (category 7). Removed (taxonomically)
Added (taxonomically)
Spot-billed Duck, Anas poecilorhyncha (7)
Eastern Spot-billed Duck, Anas zonorhyncha (6).
Common [Black] Scoter, Melanitta nigra (7)
Black Scoter, Melanitta americana (6).
Greater Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber (8)
American Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber (8).
Parkinson's Petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni (4).
Greater Shearwater, Puffinus gravis (8)
Great Shearwater, Puffinus gravis (8).
Polynesian Storm-Petrel, Nesofregata fuliginosa (2)
Polynesian Storm-Petrel, Nesofregetta fuliginosa (2).
Polynesian Storm-Petrel, Nesofregetta fuiginosa (3)
Polynesian Storm-Petrel, Nesofregetta fuliginosa (3).
Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma monorhis (4).
Swallow-tailed Gull, Creagrus furcatus (4).
Bonaparte's Gull, Larus philadelphia (9)
Bonaparte's Gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia (9).
Gray-hooded Gull, Larus cirrocephalus (9)
Gray-hooded Gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (9).
Black-headed Gull, Larus ridibundus (9)
Black-headed Gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (9).
Little Gull, Larus minutus (9)
Little Gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (9).
Laughing Gull, Larus atricilla (9)
Laughing Gull, Leucophaeus atricilla (9).
Frankin's Gull, Larus pipixcan (9)
Frankin's Gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (9).
Royal Tern, Thalleseus maximus (2)
Royal Tern, Thalasseus maximus (2).
Sandwich Tern, Thalleseus sandvicensis (2)
Sandwich Tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis (2).
Brown Hawk-Owl, Ninox scutulata (4).
Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus (8)
Eastern Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus (8).
Mexican Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus arizonae (6).
Green Violet-ear, Colibri thalassinus (8)
Green Violetear, Colibri thalassinus (8).
White-crested Elaenia, Elaenia albiceps (4).
Crowned Slaty Flycatcher, Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus (4).
Brown Jay, Cyanocorax morio (9)
Brown Jay, Psilorhinus morio (9).
Boreal Chickadee, Poecile hudsonica (9)
Boreal Chickadee, Poecile hudsonicus (9).
Gray-headed Chickadee, Poecile cincta (9)
Gray-headed Chickadee, Poecile cinctus (9).
Sinaloa Wren, Thryothorus sinaloa (4).
Pacific Wren, Troglodytes pacificus (6).
Eurasian [Winter] Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes (7)
Winter Wren, Troglodytes hiemalis (6).
Wood Warbler, Phylloscopus siilatrix (2)
Wood Warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (2).
Pallas's Leaf-Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus (4).
Lanceolated Warbler, Locustella lanceoloata (2)
Lanceolated Warbler, Locustella lanceolata (2).
Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata (5).
Sedge Warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (4).
Mugimaki Flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki (1).
Taiga Flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla (1).
Dark-sided Flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica (1).
Asian Brown Flyctcher, Muscicapa dauurica (1).
Spotted Flycatcher, Muscicapa striata (1).
Blue Rock Thrush, Monticola solitarius (8)
Blue Rock-Thrush, Monticola solitarius (8).
Rufous-tailed Robin, Luscinia sibilans (4).
Clay-colored Robin, Turdus grayi (8)
Clay-colored Thrush, Turdus grayi (8).
White-throated Robin, Turdus assimilis (8)
White-throated Thrush, Turdus assimilis (8).
McCown's Longspur, Calcarius mccownii (9)
McCown's Longspur, Rhynchophanes mccownii (9).
Blue-winged Warbler, Vermivora pinus (9)
Blue-winged Warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera (9).
Tennessee Warbler, Vermivora peregrina (9)
Tennessee Warbler, Oreothlypis peregrina (9).
Orange-crowned Warbler, Vermivora celata (9)
Orange-crowned Warbler, Oreothlypis celata (9).
Nashville Warbler, Vermivora ruficapilla (9)
Nashville Warbler, Oreothlypis ruficapilla (9).
Virginia's Warbler, Vermivora virginiae (9)
Virginia's Warbler, Oreothlypis virginiae (9).
Colima Warbler, Vermivora crissalis (9)
Colima Warbler, Oreothlypis crissalis (9).
Lucy's Warbler, Vermivora luciae (9)
Lucy's Warbler, Oreothlypis luciae (9).
Crescent-chested Warbler, Parula superciliosa (9)
Crescent-chested Warbler, Oreothlypis superciliosa (9).
Northern Waterthrush, Seiurus noveboracensis (9)
Northern Waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis (9).
Louisiana Waterthrush, Seiurus motacilla (9)
Louisiana Waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla (9).
Yellow-faced Grassquit, Tiaris olivacea (3)
Yellow-faced Grassquit, Tiaris olivaceus (3).
Canyon Towhee, Pipilo fuscus (9)
Canyon Towhee, Melozone fusca (9).
California Towhee, Pipilo crissalis (9)
California Towhee, Melozone crissalis (9).
Abert's Towhee, Pipilo aberti (9)
Abert's Towhee, Melozone aberti (9).
Rufous-winged Sparrow, Aimophila carpalis (9)
Rufous-winged Sparrow, Peucaea carpalis (9).
Botteri's Sparrow, Aimophila botterii (9)
Botteri's Sparrow, Peucaea botterii (9).
Cassin's Sparrow, Aimophila cassinii (9)
Cassin's Sparrow, Peucaea cassinii (9).
Bachman's Sparrow, Aimophila aestivalis (9)
Bachman's Sparrow, Peucaea aestivalis (9).
Five-striped Sparrow, Aimophila quinquestriata (9)
Five-striped Sparrow, Amphispiza quinquestriata (9).
Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Ammodramus nelsoni (8)
Nelson's Sparrow, Ammodramus nelsoni (8).
Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Ammodramus caudacutus (8)
Saltmarsh Sparrow, Ammodramus caudacutus (8).
Yellow-browed Bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys (4).
Hispaniolan [Greater Antillean] Oriole, Icterus dominicensis (7)
Puerto Rican Oriole, Icterus portoricensis (6).
Common Redpoll, Carduelis flammea (9)
Common Redpoll, Acanthis flammea (9).
Hoary Redpoll, Carduelis hornemanni (9)
Hoary Redpoll, Acanthis hornemanni (9).
Eurasian Siskin, Carduelis spinus (9)
Eurasian Siskin, Spinus spinus (9).
Pine Siskin, Carduelis pinus (9)
Pine Siskin, Spinus pinus (9).
Lesser Goldfinch, Carduelis psaltria (9)
Lesser Goldfinch, Spinus psaltria (9).
Lawrence's Goldfinch, Carduelis lawrencei (9)
Lawrence's Goldfinch, Spinus lawrencei (9).
American Goldfinch, Carduelis tristis (9)
American Goldfinch, Spinus tristis (9).
Oriental Greenfinch, Carduelis sinica (9)
Oriental Greenfinch, Chloris sinica (9).
The species are listed in two formats to suit the needs of different segments of the public: alphabetically in 50 CFR 10.13(c)(1) and taxonomically in 50 CFR 10.13(c)(2). In the alphabetical listing, species are listed by common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species following the English group name. This format, similar to that used in modern telephone directories, is most useful to members of the lay public. In the taxonomic listing, species are listed in phylogenetic sequence by scientific name, with the English name following the scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also list the higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and Subfamily. This format follows the sequence adopted by the AOU (1998, 2010) and is most useful to ornithologists and other scientists.
(1) Nonnative species introduced into the United States or its territories by means of intentional or unintentional human assistance that belong to families or groups covered by the Canadian, Mexican, or Russian Conventions, in accordance with the MBTRA. See 70 FR 12710 (March 15, 2005) for a partial list of nonnative, human-introduced bird species in this category. Note, though, that native species that are introduced into parts of the United States where they are not native are still protected under the MBTA regardless of where they occur in the United States or its territories.
(2) Nonnative, human-introduced species that belong to families or groups not covered by the Canadian, Mexican, or Russian Conventions, including Tinamidae (tinamous), Cracidae (chachalacas), Megapodiidae (megapodes), Phasianidae (grouse, ptarmigan, and turkeys), Turnicidae (buttonquails), Odontophoridae (New World quail), Pteroclididae (sandgrouse), Psittacidae (parrots), Dicruridae (drongos), Rhamphastidae (toucans), Musophagidae (turacos), Bucerotidae (hornbills), Bucorvidae (ground-hornbills), Pycnonotidae (bulbuls), Pittidae (pittas), Irenidae (fairy-bluebirds), Timaliidae (babblers), Zosteropidae (white-eyes), Sturnidae (starlings; except as listed in the Japanese Convention), Passeridae (Old World sparrows), Ploceidae (weavers), Estrildidae (estrildid finches), and numerous other families not currently represented in the United States or its territories.
(3) Native species that belong to families or groups represented in the United States, but which are not expressly mentioned by the Canadian, Mexican, or Russian Conventions, including the Megapodiidae (megapodes), Phasianidae (grouse, ptarmigan, and turkeys), Odontophoridae (New World quail), Burhinidae (thick-knees), Glareolidae (pratincoles), Psittacidae (parrots), Todidae (todies), Meliphagidae (honeyeaters), Monarchidae (monarch flycatchers [elepaios]), Zosteropidae (white-eyes), and Coerebidae (bananaquit). It should be noted that this rule supersedes the 70 FR 12710 notice to the extent that they are inconsistent. Specifically, the 1996 amendment to the Canadian Convention included the family Muscicapidae (Old World flycatchers). Thus, all members of the Muscicapidae family are now included on this list. In addition, the Wrentit is now considered a member of the Sylviidae family rather than the Timaliidae family and is now included on this list.
Partial lists of the species included in categories 2 and 3 are available at http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/RegulationsPolicies/mbta/MBTAProtectedNonprotected.html.
Comments and materials we receive, as well as supporting documentation we used in preparing this proposed rule, will be available for public inspection at http://www.regulations.gov, or by appointment, during normal business hours, at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (see
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT). You may obtain copies of our previous actions concerning this subject by mail (see
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) or by visiting the Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov.
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121)), whenever an agency is required to publish a notice of rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make available for public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the effect of the rule on small entities (i.e., small businesses, small organizations, and small government jurisdictions). However, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of an agency certifies the rule does not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
SBREFA amended the Regulatory Flexibility Act to require Federal agencies to provide the statement of the factual basis for certifying that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. We have examined this proposed rule's potential effects on small entities as required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act, and have determined that this action would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, because we are simply updating the list of migratory bird species protected under the Conventions. Consequently, we certify that because this rule does not have a significant economic effect on a substantial number of small entities, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required.
c. This proposed rule will not have significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or the ability of U.S.-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises.
In accordance with Executive Order 12630, the proposed rule would not have significant takings implications. This proposed rule does not contain a provision for taking of private property. Therefore, a takings implication assessment is not required.
This proposed rule would not have sufficient Federalism effects to warrant preparation of a Federalism assessment under Executive Order 13132. It would not interfere with the States' ability to manage themselves or their funds. No significant economic impacts are expected to result from the updating of the list of migratory bird species.
In accordance with Executive Order 12988, the Office of the Solicitor has determined that the proposed rule would not unduly burden the judicial system and meets the requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the Order.
We examined this proposed rule under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). There are no new information collection requirements associated with this proposed rule. We are not requiring any new permits, reports, or recordkeeping in this proposed rule.
Given that the revision of 50 CFR 10.13 is strictly administrative in nature and will have no or minor environmental effects, it is categorically excluded from further NEPA requirements (43 CFR 46.210(h)).
Seventy-five of the species on the proposed List of Migratory Birds are also designated as endangered or threatened in all or some portion of their U.S. range under provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531-44; 50 CFR 17.11). No legal complications arise from the dual listing since the two lists are developed under separate authorities and for different purposes. Because the rule is strictly administrative in nature, it does not require ESA consultation.
In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, “Government-to-Government Relations with Native American tribal Governments” (59 FR 22951), Executive Order 13175, and 512 DM 2, we have evaluated potential effects on Federally-recognized Indian tribes and have determined that there are no potential effects. The revisions to existing regulations in this proposed rule are purely administrative in nature and would not interfere with the tribes' ability to manage themselves or their funds or to regulate migratory bird activities on tribal lands.
On May 18, 2001, the President issued Executive Order 13211 addressing regulations that significantly affect energy supply, distribution, and use. Executive Order 13211 requires agencies to prepare Statements of Energy Effects when undertaking certain actions. Because this proposed rule only affects the listing of protected species in the United States, it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866, and does not significantly affect energy supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore, this action is not a significant energy action and no Statement of Energy Effects is required.
A complete list of all references cited is available upon request (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT above).
List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 10 Back to Top
PART 10—[AMENDED] Back to Top
18 U.S.C. 42; 16 U.S.C. 703-712; 16 U.S.C. 668a-d; 19 U.S.C. 1202; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1543; 16 U.S.C. 1361-1384, 1401-1407; 16 U.S.C. 742a-742j-l; 16 U.S.C. 3371-3378.
2. Revise § 10.13 to read as follows:
(c) What species are protected as migratory birds? Species protected as migratory birds are listed in two formats to suit the varying needs of the user: Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and taxonomically in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow the 7th edition of the American Ornithologists' Union's Check-list of North American birds (1998, as amended through 2010). For species not treated by the AOU Check-list, we generally follow The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements 2007).
AKIALOA, Greater, Hemignathus ellisianus
AKIKIKI, Oreomystis bairdi
ALAUAHIO, Maui, Paroreomyza montana
Oahu, Paroreomyza maculata
Shy, Thalassarche cauta
AMAKIHI, Hawaii, Hemignathus virens
Kauai, Hemignathus kauaiensis
Oahu, Hemignathus flavus
ANIANIAU, Magumma parva
BOOBY, Blue-footed, Sula nebouxii
CRANE , Common, Grus grus
Hawaii, Oreomystis mana
CROSSBILL, Red, Loxia curvirostra
Intermediate, Mesophoyx intermedia
FALCON, Aplomado, Falco femoralis
Red-footed, Flaco vespertinus
FINCH, Cassin's, Carpodacus cassinii
Piratic, Legatus leucophalus
FROG-HAWK, Gray, Accipiter soloensis
Purple, Porphyrio martinica
Canada, Branta canadensis (including Cackling Goose, Branta hutchinsii)
Ross's, Chen rossii
Friendly, Gallicolumba stairi
White-throated, Gallicolumba xanthonura
Roadside, Buteo magnirostris
HAWK-OWL, Brown, Ninox scutulata
Mexican, Aphelocoma ultramarina
KAKAWAHIE, Paroreomyza flammea
KINGFISHER, Belted, Megaceryle alcyon
Collared, Todirhamphus chloris
Micronesian, Todirhamphus cinnamominus
Sky, Alauda arvensis
LEAF-WARBLER, Pallas's, Phylloscopus proregulus
Xantus's, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
NIGHTJAR, Buff-collared, Caprimulgus ridgwayi
Gray, Caprimulgus indicus
OLOMAO, Myadestes lanaiensis
OMAO, Myadestes obscurus
OU, Psittirostra psittacea
PARULA, Northern, Parula americana
Tahiti, Pterodroma rostrata
White-necked , Pterodroma cervicalis
POO-ULI, Melamprosops phaeosoma
QUETZEL, Eared, Euptilotis neoxenus
REED-WARBLER, Nightingale, Acrocephalus luscinia
REEF-EGRET, Pacific, Egretta sacra
REEF-HERON, Western, Egretta gularis
Rufous-tailed, Luscinia sibilans
Siberian Blue, Luscinia cyane
ROSY-FINCH, Black, Leucosticte atrata
Spoon-billed, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus
SCRUB-JAY, Florida, Aphelocoma coerulescens
Western, Aphelocoma californica
Great, Puffinus gravis
SILKY-FLYCATCHER, Gray, Ptilogonys cinereus
SPARROW, American Tree, Spizella arborea
Nelson's, Ammodramus nelsoni
Saltmarsh, Ammodramus caudacutus
Song , Melospiza melodia
SPARROWHAWK, Japanese, Accipiter gularis
STARLING, Chestnut-cheeked, Sturnus philippensis
White-cheeked, Sturnus cineraceus
TEAL, Baikal, Anas formosa
Royal, Thalesseus maximus
Sandwich, Thalesseus sandvicensis
VIOLETEAR, Green, Colibri thalassinus
WARBLER, Adelaide's, Dendroica adelaidae
Elfin-woods, Dendroica angelae
Fan-tailed, Euthlypis lachrymosa
WHIP-POOR-WILL, Eastern, Caprimulgus vociferus
Mexican, Caprimulgus arizonae
WIGEON, American, Anas americana
Arizona, Picoides arizonae
WREN, Bewick's Thryomanes bewickii
Sinaloa, Thryothorus sinaloa
Chen canagica, Emperor Goose
Chen caerulescens, Snow Goose
Chen rossii, Ross's Goose
Branta canadensis, Canada Goose (including Branta hutchinsii, Cackling Goose)
Anas cyanoptera, Cinnamon Teal
Pterodroma arminjoniana, Herald Petrel
Pterodroma rostrata, Tahiti Petrel
Puffinus creatopus, Pink-footed Shearwater
Puffinus carneipes, Flesh-footed Shearwater
Puffinus pacificus, Wedge-tailed Shearwater
Puffinus bulleri, Buller's Shearwater
Puffinus griseus, Sooty Shearwater
Puffinus tenuirostris, Short-tailed Shearwater
Puffinus auricularis, Townsend's Shearwater
Fregetta tropica, Black-bellied Storm-Petrel Fregetta grallaria, White-bellied Storm-Petrel
Mesophoyx intermedia, Intermediate Egret
Egretta sacra, Pacific Reef-Egret
Accipiter soloensis, Gray Frog-Hawk
Buteogallus anthracinus, Common Black-Hawk
Buteo magnirostris, Roadside Hawk
Buteo albicaudatus, White-tailed Hawk
Subfamily MICRASTURINAE
Subfamily CARACARINAE
Rallus longirostris, Clapper Rail
Porzana flaviventer, Yellow-breasted Crake
Porphyrio martinica, Purple Gallinule
Fulica alai, Hawaiian Coot Fulica americana, American Coot
Fulica caribaea, Caribbean Coot
Grus canadensis, Sandhill Crane
Charadrius alexandrinus, Snowy Plover
Aphriza virgata, Surfbird
Limicola falcinellus, Broad-billed Sandpiper
Tryngites subruficollis, Buff-breasted Sandpiper
Subfamily PHALAROPODINAE
Larus thayeri, Thayer's Gull
Procelsterna cerulea, Blue-gray Noddy
Hydroprogne caspia, Caspian Tern Chlidonias niger, Black Tern
Chlidonias hybridus, Whiskered Tern
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus, Xantus's Murrelet
Gallicolumba xanthonura, White-throated Ground-Dove
Gallicolumba stairi, Friendly Ground-Dove
Cuculus fugax, Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo
Otus flammeolus, Flammulated Owl
Ninox scutulata, Brown Hawk-Owl
Caprimulgus carolinensis, Chuck-will's-widow
Caprimulgus ridgwayi, Buff-collared Nightjar
Caprimulgus vociferus, Eastern Whip-poor-will
Caprimulgus arizonae, Mexican Whip-poor-will
Caprimulgus noctitherus, Puerto Rican Nightjar
Caprimulgus indicus, Gray Nightjar
Colibri thalassinus, Green Violetear
Eugenes fulgens, Magnificent Hummingbird
Stellula calliope, Calliope Hummingbird
Euptilotis neoxenus, Eared Quetzel
Todirhamphus cinnamominus, Micronesian Kingfisher
Todirhamphus chloris, Collared Kingfisher
Picoides nuttallii, Nuttall's Woodpecker
Picoides villosus, Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides arizonae, Arizona Woodpecker
Picoides albolarvatus, White-headed Woodpecker
Elaenia albiceps, White-crested Eleania
Legatus leucophalus, Piratic Flycatcher
Lanius excubitor, Northern Shrike
Vireo atricapillus, Black-capped Vireo
Perisoreus canadensis, Gray Jay
Alauda arvensis, Sky Lark
Thryothorus sinaloa, Sinaloa Wren
Phylloscopus proregulus, Pallas's Leaf-Warbler
Acrocephalus luscinia, Nightingale Reed-Warbler
Family MEGALURIDAE
Luscinia sibilans, Rufous-tailed Robin
Luscinia svecica, Bluethroat
Luscinia cyane, Siberian Blue Robin Tarsiger cyanurus, Red-flanked Bluetail
Myadestes myadestinus, Kamao
Myadestes obscurus, Omao
Toxostoma lecontei, Le Conte's Thrasher
Sturnus philippensis, Chestnut-cheeked Starling
Sturnus cineraceus, White-cheeked Starling
Ptilogonys cinereus, Gray Silky-flycatcher
Parula americana, Northern Parula
Parula pitiayumi, Tropical Parula
Dendroica petechia, Yellow Warbler
Dendroica pensylvanica, Chestnut-sided Warbler
Dendroica magnolia, Magnolia Warbler
Dendroica tigrina, Cape May Warbler
Dendroica caerulescens, Black-throated Blue Warbler
Dendroica coronata, Yellow-rumped Warbler
Dendroica nigrescens, Black-throated Gray Warbler
Dendroica chrysoparia, Golden-cheeked Warbler
Dendroica virens, Black-throated Green Warbler
Dendroica townsendi, Townsend's Warbler
Dendroica occidentalis, Hermit Warbler
Dendroica fusca, Blackburnian Warbler
Dendroica dominica, Yellow-throated Warbler
Dendroica graciae, Grace's Warbler
Dendroica adelaidae, Adelaide's Warbler
Dendroica pinus, Pine Warbler
Dendroica kirtlandii, Kirtland's Warbler
Dendroica discolor, Prairie Warbler
Dendroica palmarum, Palm Warbler
Dendroica castanea, Bay-breasted Warbler
Dendroica striata, Blackpoll Warbler
Dendroica cerulea, Cerulean Warbler
Dendroica angelae, Elfin-woods Warbler
Oporornis formosus, Kentucky Warbler
Oporornis philadelphia, Mourning Warbler
Oporornis tolmiei, MacGillivray's Warbler
Wilsonia citrina, Hooded Warbler
Wilsonia pusilla, Wilson's Warbler
Wilsonia canadensis, Canada Warbler
Euthlypis lachrymosa, Fan-tailed Warbler
Icteria virens, Yellow-breasted Chat Family THRAUPIDAE
Sporophila torqueola, White-collared Seedeater
Spizella arborea, American Tree Sparrow
Amphispiza belli, Sage Sparrow
Ammodramus bairdii, Baird's Sparrow
Ammodramus henslowii, Henslow's Sparrow
Ammodramus leconteii, Le Conte's Sparrow
Ammodramus nelsoni, Nelson's Sparrow
Ammodramus caudacutus, Saltmarsh Sparrow
Ammodramus maritimus, Seaside Sparrow
Carpodacus purpureus, Purple Finch
Carpodacus cassinii, Cassin's Finch
Carpodacus mexicanus, House Finch
Subfamily DREPANIDINAE
Psittirostra psittacea, Ou
Hemignathus virens, Hawaii Amakihi
Hemignathus flavus, Oahu Amakihi
Hemignathus kauaiensis, Kauai Amakihi
Hemignathus ellisianus, Greater Akialoa
Hemignathus lucidus, Nukupuu
Hemignathus munroi, Akiapolaau
Magumma parva, Anianiau
Oreomystis bairdi, Akikiki
Oreomystis mana, Hawaii Creeper
Paroreomyza maculata, Oahu Alauahio
Paroreomyza flammea, Kakawahie
Paroreomyza montana, Maui Alauahio
Loxops caeruleirostris, Akekee
Loxops coccineus, Akepa
Vestiaria coccinea, Iiwi
Palmeria dolei, Akohekohe
Himatione sanguinea, Apapane
Melamprosops phaeosoma, Poo-uli
PART 21—[AMENDED] Back to Top
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 65 Pub. L. No. 65-186, 40 Stat. 755 (1918) (16 U.S.C. 703-12), as amended.
§ 21.3 [Amended]
4. Amend § 21.3, the definition of “Raptor”, by adding the words “the Order Accipitriformes,” immediately before the words “the Order Falconiformes”.
[FR Doc. 2011-9448 Filed 4-25-11; 8:45 am]