Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20060290784?ie=ISO-8859-1&dq=5787449
Timestamp: 2016-02-14 23:10:13
Document Index: 336244144

Matched Legal Cases: ['ART01', 'ART02', 'ART03', 'ART04', 'ART06', 'ART07', 'ART08', 'ART09', 'ART10', 'ART11', 'ART12', 'ART13', 'ART15', 'ART16', 'ART17', 'ART18', 'ART19', 'ART20', 'ART21', 'ART22', 'ART24', 'ART25', 'ART26', 'ART27', 'ART28', 'ART29', 'ART30', 'ART31', 'ART32', 'ART33', 'ART34', 'ART38', 'ART39', 'ART42', 'ART43', 'ART44', 'ART45', 'ART46', 'ART47', 'ART48', 'ART50', 'ART51', 'ART52', 'ART53', 'ART54', 'ART56', 'ART57', 'ART58', 'ART59', 'ART60', 'ART61', 'ART62', 'ART63', 'ART64', 'ART65', 'ART66', 'ART68', 'ART69', 'ART01', 'ART01']

Patent US20060290784 - De-blurring in a digital image system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA camera system deblurrs an image by detecting a velocity of a camera as an image is captured by an image sensor. A processor interconnected to the image sensor and the velocity detection means processes the sensed image so as to deblurr the image and to output the deblurred image to a printer means...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060290784?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060290784 - De-blurring in a digital image systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060290784 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/499,806Publication dateDec 28, 2006Filing dateAug 7, 2006Priority dateJul 15, 1997Also published asUS7110024, US7646403, US7907178, US8421869, US9055221, US9060128, US20100097480, US20110122263, US20130010140, US20130010141, US20130016241Publication number11499806, 499806, US 2006/0290784 A1, US 2006/290784 A1, US 20060290784 A1, US 20060290784A1, US 2006290784 A1, US 2006290784A1, US-A1-20060290784, US-A1-2006290784, US2006/0290784A1, US2006/290784A1, US20060290784 A1, US20060290784A1, US2006290784 A1, US2006290784A1InventorsKia Silverbrook, Paul LapstunOriginal AssigneeSilverbrook Research Pty LtdExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (18), Classifications (9), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDe-blurring in a digital image system
US 20060290784 A1Abstract
A camera system deblurrs an image by detecting a velocity of a camera as an image is captured by an image sensor. A processor interconnected to the image sensor and the velocity detection means processes the sensed image so as to deblurr the image and to output the deblurred image to a printer means. Images(3) Claims(13)
1. A camera system for outputting deblurred still images, said system comprising: a portable handheld camera device comprising an image sensor adapted to capture a still, blurred image comprising at least one blurred pixel; a velocity detector adapted to determine the velocity of the camera system relative to an external environment and to produce a velocity output indicative thereof; a linear image sensor for sensing data provided on at least one optically encoded card inserted into the camera system, at least one encoded card containing instructions for the manipulation of the blurred images; and a processor adapted to receive said blurred image from said image sensor and said velocity output from said velocity detector and to process said blurred image under programme control determined from data sensed by the linear image sensor from the at least one encoded card, the programme control utilising the velocity output to deblur said at least one blurred pixel of said blurred image and to output said deblurred still image. 2. A camera system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data is encoded as an array of dots on at least one encoded card. 3. A camera system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each encoded card includes a human readable representation of the effect of the set of instructions on an image. 4. A camera system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the human readable representation is in the form of an image and representation of the image when modified using the set of instructions. 5. A camera system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each encoded card is formed from a plastic film coated with a hydrophilic dye fixing layer, thereby allowing the data to be printed thereon. 6. A camera system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the camera system includes a motor for propelling at least one encoded card past the linear image sensor at a relatively constant rate. 7. A camera system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the motor can operate in reverse to eject the encoded cards. 8. A camera system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data is encoded in the form of VARK script. 9. A camera system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor receives signals from the linear image sensor representing an image of the data on at least one encoded card, and wherein the processor: extracts the bit image from the received signals; rotates and unscrambles the bit image; and decodes the data. 10. A camera system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each encoded card includes a number of targets indicative of the position of each encoded data. 11. A camera system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each encoded card includes a data region for encoding the set of instructions, and a plurality of targets positioned at opposing ends of the data region to enable the position of the data region to be determined by the processor. 12. A camera system as claimed in claim 11, wherein each target includes an orientation column indicative of a degree of skew between the data region and the linear image sensor. 13. A camera system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each encoded data is encoded using Reed Soloman error correction.
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/113,090 filed on Jul. 10, 1998, all of which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0002] The following Australian provisional patent applications are hereby incorporated by cross-reference. For the purposes of location and identification, U.S. patent applications identified by their U.S. patent application serial numbers (USSN) are listed alongside the Australian applications from which the U.S. patent applications claim the right of priority. [0000] Ink Jet Printing [0003] A large number of new forms of ink jet printers have been developed to facilitate alternative ink jet technologies for the image processing and data distribution system. Various combinations of ink jet devices can be included in printer devices incorporated as part of the present invention. Australian Provisional Patent Applications relating to these ink jets which are specifically incorporated by cross reference. The serial numbers of respective corresponding U.S. patent applications are also provided for the sake of convenience. Australian US Patent/ Provisional Patent Application Number Filing Date Title and Filing Date PO8066 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ01) 6,227,652 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8072 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ02) 6,213,588 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8040 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ03) 6,213,589 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8071 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ04) 6,231,163 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8047 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ05) 6,247,795 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8035 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ06) 6,394,581 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8044 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ07) 6,244,691 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8063 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ08) 6,257,704 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8057 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ09) 6,416,168 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8056 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ10) 6,220,694 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8069 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ11) 6,257,705 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8049 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ12) 6,247,794 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8036 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ13) 6,234,610 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8048 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ14) 6,247,793 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8070 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ15) 6,264,306 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8067 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ16) 6,241,342 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8001 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ17) 6,247,792 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8038 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ18) 6,264,307 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8033 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ19) 6,254,220 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8002 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ20) 6,234,611 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8068 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ21) 6,302,528) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8062 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ22) 6,283,582 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8034 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ23) 6,239,821 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8039 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ24) 6,338,547 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8041 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ25) 6,247,796 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8004 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ26) 6,557,977 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8037 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ27) 6,390,603 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8043 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ28) 6,362,843 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8042 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ29) 6,293,653 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8064 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ30) 6,312,107 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9389 23-Sep-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ31) 6,227,653 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9391 23-Sep-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ32) 6,234,609 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0888 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ33) 6,238,040 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0891 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ34) 6,188,415 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0890 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ35) 6,227,654 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0873 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ36) 6,209,989 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0993 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ37) 6,247,791 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0890 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ38) 6,336,710 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP1398 19-Jan-98 An Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,217,153 (IJ39) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP2592 25-Mar-98 An Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,416,167 (IJ40) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP2593 25-Mar-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ41) 6,243,113 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP3991 9-Jun-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ42) 6,283,581 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP3987 9-Jun-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ43) 6,247,790 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP3985 9-Jun-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ44) 6,260,953 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP3983 9-Jun-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ45) 6,267,469 (Jul. 10, 1998) Ink Jet Manufacturing [0004] Further, the present application may utilize advanced semiconductor fabrication techniques in the construction of large arrays of ink jet printers. Suitable manufacturing techniques are described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications incorporated here by cross-reference. The serial numbers of respective corresponding U.S. patent applications are also provided for the sake of convenience. Australian US Patent/ Provisional Patent Application Number Filing Date Title and Filing Date PO7935 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,224,780 Apparatus (IJM01) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7936 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,235,212 Apparatus (IJM02) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7937 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,280,643 Apparatus (IJM03) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8061 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,284,147 Apparatus (IJM04) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8054 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,214,244 Apparatus (IJM05) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8065 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,071,750 Apparatus (IJM06) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8055 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,267,905 Apparatus (IJM07) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8053 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,251,298 Apparatus (IJM08) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8078 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,258,285 Apparatus (IJM09) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7933 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,225,138 Apparatus (IJM10) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7950 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,241,904 Apparatus (IJM11) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7949 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,299,786 Apparatus (IJM12) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8060 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 09/113,124 Apparatus (IJM13) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8059 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,231,773 Apparatus (IJM14) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8073 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,190,931 Apparatus (IJM15) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8076 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,248,249 Apparatus (IJM16) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8075 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,290,862 Apparatus (IJM17) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8079 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,241,906 Apparatus (IJM18) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8050 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,565,762 Apparatus (IJM19) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8052 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,241,905 Apparatus (IJM20) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7948 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,451,216 Apparatus (IJM21) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7951 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,231,772 Apparatus (IJM22) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8074 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,274,056 Apparatus (IJM23) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7941 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,290,861 Apparatus (IJM24) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8077 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,248,248 Apparatus (IJM25) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8058 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,306,671 Apparatus (IJM26) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8051 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,331,258 Apparatus (IJM27) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8045 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,110,754 Apparatus (IJM28) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7952 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,294,101 Apparatus (IJM29) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8046 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,416,679 Apparatus (IJM30) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8503 11-Aug-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,264,849 Apparatus (IJM30a) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9390 23-Sep-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,254,793 Apparatus (IJM31) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9392 23-Sep-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,235,211 Apparatus (IJM32) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0889 12-Dec-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,235,211 Apparatus (IJM35) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0887 12-Dec-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,264,850 Apparatus (IJM36) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0882 12-Dec-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,258,284 Apparatus (IJM37) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0874 12-Dec-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,258,284 Apparatus (IJM38) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP1396 19-Jan-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,228,668 Apparatus (IJM39) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP2591 25-Mar-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,180,427 Apparatus (IJM41) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP3989 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,171,875 Apparatus (IJM40) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP3990 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,267,904 Apparatus (IJM42) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP3986 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,245,247 Apparatus (IJM43) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP3984 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,245,247 Apparatus (IJM44) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP3982 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation 6,231,148 Apparatus (IJM45) (Jul. 10, 1998) Fluid Supply [0005] Further, the present application may utilize an ink delivery system to the ink jet head. Delivery systems relating to the supply of ink to a series of ink jet nozzles are described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications, the disclosure of which are hereby incorporated by cross-reference. The serial numbers of respective corresponding U.S. patent applications are also provided for the sake of convenience. Australian US Patent/Patent Provisional Application and Number Filing Date Title Filing Date PO8003 15-Jul-97 Supply Method and 6,350,023 Apparatus (F1) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8005 15-Jul-97 Supply Method and 6,318,849 Apparatus (F2) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9404 23-Sep-97 A Device and Method 09/113,101 (F3) (Jul. 10, 1998) MEMS Technology [0006] Further, the present application may utilize advanced semiconductor microelectromechanical techniques in the construction of large arrays of ink jet printers. Suitable microelectromechanical techniques are described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications incorporated here by cross-reference. The serial numbers of respective corresponding U.S. patent applications are also provided for the sake of convenience. Australian US Patent/Patent Provisional Application and Number Filing Date Title Filing Date PO7943 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS01) PO8006 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS02) 6,087,638 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8007 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS03) 09/113,093 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8008 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS04) 6,340,222 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8010 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS05) 6,041,600 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8011 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS06) 6,299,300 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7947 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS07) 6,067,797 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7945 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS08) Not filed PO7944 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS09) 6,286,935 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7946 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS10) 6,044,646 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9393 23-Sep-97 A Device and Method 09/113,065 (MEMS11) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0875 12-Dec-97 A Device (MEMS12) 09/113,078 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0894 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method 09/113,075 (MEMS13) (Jul. 10, 1998) IR Technologies [0007] Further, the present application may include the utilization of a disposable camera system such as those described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications incorporated here by cross-reference. The serial numbers of respective corresponding U.S. patent applications are also provided for the sake of convenience. Australian US Patent/Patent Provisional Application and Number Filing Date Title Filing Date PP0895 12-Dec-97 An Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,231,148 (IR01) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0870 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR02) 09/113,106 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0869 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR04) 6,293,658 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0887 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,614,560 (IR05) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0885 12-Dec-97 An Image Production System (IR06) 6,238,033 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0884 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,312,070 (IR10) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0886 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,238,111 (IR12) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0871 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR13) 09/113,086 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0876 12-Dec-97 An Image Processing Method and 09/113,094 Apparatus (IR14) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0877 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR16) 6,378,970 (Jul. 10, 1998 PP0878 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR17) 6,196,739 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0879 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR18) 09/112,774 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0883 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR19) 6,270,182 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0880 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR20) 6,152,619 (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0881 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR21) 09/113,092 (Jul. 10, 1998) DotCard Technologies [0008] Further, the present application may include the utilization of a data distribution system such as that described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications incorporated here by cross-reference. The serial numbers of respective corresponding U.S. patent applications are also provided for the sake of convenience. Australian US Patent/Patent Provisional Application and Number Filing Date Title Filing Date PP2370 16-Mar-98 Data Processing Method 09/112,781 and Apparatus (Dot01) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP2371 16-Mar-98 Data Processing Method 09/113,052 and Apparatus (Dot02) (Jul. 10, 1998 Artcam Technologies [0009] Further, the present application may include the utilization of camera and data processing techniques such as an Artcam type device as described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications incorporated here by cross-reference. The serial numbers of respective corresponding U.S. patent applications are also provided for the sake of convenience. Australian US Patent/ Provisional Patent Application and Number Filing Date Title Filing Date PO7991 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,060 (ART01) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7988 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,476,863 (ART02) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7993 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,073 (ART03) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9395 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,322,181 (ART04) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8017 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,597,817 (ART06) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8014 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART07) 6,227,648 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8025 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,750 (ART08) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8032 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,690,419 (ART09) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7999 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,743 (ART10) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7998 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,742 (ART11) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8031 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,741 (ART12) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8030 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART13) 6,196,541 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7997 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART15) 6,195,150 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7979 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART16) 6,362,868 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8015 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART17) 09/112,738 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7978 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART18) 09/113,067 (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7982 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,431,669 (ART19) (Jul. 10, 1998 PO7989 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,362,869 (ART20) (Jul. 10, 1998 PO8019 15-Jul-97 Media Processing Method and Apparatus 6,472,052 (ART21) (Jul. 10, 1998 PO7980 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,356,715 (ART22) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8018 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,777 (ART24) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7938 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,636,216 (ART25) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8016 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,366,693 (ART26) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8024 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,329,990 (ART27) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7940 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,072 (ART28) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7939 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,459,495 (ART29) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8501 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,137,500 (ART30) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8500 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,690,416 (ART31) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7987 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,071 (ART32) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8022 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,398,328 (ART33) (Jul. 10, 1998 PO8497 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,090 (ART34) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8020 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,431,704 (ART38) (Jul. 10, 1998 PO8023 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,222 (ART39) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8504 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,786 (ART42) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8000 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,415,054 (ART43) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7977 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,782 (ART44) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7934 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,665,454 (ART45) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7990 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,059 (ART46) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8499 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,486,886 (ART47) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8502 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,381,361 (ART48) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7981 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,317,192 (ART50) (Jul. 10, 1998 PO7986 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,057 (ART51) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO7983 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,054 (ART52) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8026 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,646,757 (ART53) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8027 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,759 (ART54) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO8028 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,624,848 (ART56) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9394 23-Sep-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus 6,357,135 (ART57) (Jul. 10, 1998 PO9396 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,107 (ART58) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9397 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,271,931 (ART59) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9398 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,353,772 (ART60) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9399 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,106,147 (ART61) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9400 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,665,008 (ART62) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9401 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,304,291 (ART63) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9402 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,788 (ART64) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9403 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,305,770 (ART65) (Jul. 10, 1998) PO9405 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,289,262 (ART66) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP0959 16-Dec-97 A Data Processing Method and Apparatus 6,315,200 (ART68) (Jul. 10, 1998) PP1397 19-Jan-98 A Media Device (ART69) 6,217,165 (Jul. 10, 1998) FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0010] The present invention relates to digital image processing and in particular discloses A Camera System Having Motion Deblurring Means. Further the present invention relates to the field of digital image cameras and in particular discloses a camera system having motion blur compensating means. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0011] Motion blur in the taking of images is a common significant problem. The motion blur normally occurs as a result of movement of the camera while taking the picture or otherwise as a result of movement of objects within an image. [0012] As a result of motion blur, it is often the case that the image taken is non optimal. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0013] It is an object of the present invention to provide a camera system having the ability to overcome the effects of motion blur. [0014] In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention there is provided a camera system for outputting deblurred images, said system comprising; an image sensor for sensing an image; a velocity detection means for determining any motion of said image relative to an external environment and to produce a velocity output indicative thereof; a processor means interconnected to said image sensor and said velocity detection means and adapted to process said sensed image utilising the velocity output so as to deblurr said image and to output said deblurred image. [0016] Preferably, the camera system is connected to a printer means for immediate output of said deblurred image and is a portable handheld unit. The velocity detection means can comprise an accelerometer such as a micro-electro mechanical (MEMS) device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0017] Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred forms of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing in which: [0018] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic implementation of the preferred embodiment; and [0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the main Artcam electronic components (as reproduced from FIG. 2 of Australian Provisional Patent Application No. PO7991).
[0020] As described in Australian Provisional Patent Application No. PO7991, the camera system incorporates an Artcard linear sensor 34 which converts the Artcard data image to electrical signals, which are communicated to the ACP. The linear image sensor is illustrated in FIG. 2, which is a reproduction of FIG. 2 of Australian Provisional Patent Application No. PO7991. The linear image sensor can be fabricated using either CCD or APS CMOS technology. The active length of the linear image sensor is 50 mm, equal to the width of the data array on the Artcard. To satisfy Nyquist's sampling theorem, the resolution of the linear image sensor must be at least twice the highest spatial frequency of the Artcard optical image reaching the linear image sensor. In practice, data detection is easier if the linear image sensor resolution is substantially above this. A resolution of 4800 dpi (189 dpmm) is chosen, giving a total of 9,450 pixels. This resolution requires a pixel sensor pitch of 5.3 [mu]m. This can readily be achieved by using four staggered rows of 20 [mu]m pixel sensors. [0021] The linear image sensor is mounted in a special package which includes an LED to illuminate the Artcard via a light-pipe. [0022] The Artcard reader light-pipe can be a molded light-pipe which has several functions: [0023] 1. It diffuses the light from the LED over the width of the card using total internal reflection facets. [0024] 2. It focuses the light onto a 16 [mu]m wide strip of the Artcard using an integrated cylindrical lens. [0025] 3. It focuses light reflected from the Artcard onto the linear image sensor pixels using a molded array of microlenses. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0026] The preferred embodiment is preferably implemented through suitable programming of a hand held camera device such as that described in Australian Provisional Patent Application No. PO7991 filed 15 Jul., 1997 entitled “Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART01)”, in addition to Australian Provisional Patent Application entitled “Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART01a)” filed concurrently herewith by the present applicant, the content of which is hereby specifically incorporated by cross reference. [0027] The aforementioned patent specifications disclose a camera system, hereinafter known as an “Artcam” type camera, wherein sensed images can be directly printed out by an internal Artcam portable camera unit. Further, the aforementioned specification discloses means and methods for performing various manipulations on images captured by the camera sensing device leading to the production of various effects in any output image. The manipulations are disclosed to be highly flexible in nature and can be implemented through the insertion into the Artcam of cards having encoded thereon various instructions for the manipulation of images, the cards hereinafter being known as “Artcards”. The Artcam further has significant onboard processing power by an Artcam Central Processor unit (ACP) which is interconnected to a memory device for the storage of important data and images. [0028] In the preferred embodiment, the Artcam device is modified so as to include a two dimensional motion sensor. The motion sensor can comprise a small micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) device or other suitable device able to detect motion in two axes. The motion sensor can be mounted on the camera device and its output monitored by the Artcam central processor device which is disclosed in the afore-mentioned patent specifications. [0029] Turning now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a schematic of the preferred arrangement of the preferred embodiment. The accelerometer 1 outputs to the Artcard processor 2 which also receives the blurred sensed image from the CCD device. The Artcard processor 2 utilises the accelerometer readings so as to determine a likely angular velocity of the camera when the picture was taken. [0030] This velocity factor is then utilised by a suitably programmed Artcard processor 2 to apply a deblurring function to the blurred sensed image 3 thereby outputting a deblurred output image 4. The programming of the Artcard processor 2 so as to perform the deblurring can utilise standard algorithms known to those skilled in the art of computer programming and digital image restoration. For example, reference is made to the “Selected Papers on Digital Image Restoration”, M. Ibrahim Sezan, Editor, SPIE Milestone series, volume 74, and in particular the reprinted paper at pages 167-175 thereof. Further, simplified techniques are shown in the “Image Processing Handbook”, second edition, by John C. Russ, published by CRC Press at pages 336-341 thereof. [0031] It would be therefore obvious to the person skilled in the art that many different techniques for motion blur removal can be utilised in the preferred embodiment. Additionally, other forms of motion sensors may be provided. Once the input image has been deblurred, the image is then able to be printed out by the Artcam device in accordance with the techniques as discussed in the afore-mentioned patent specification. [0032] It would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the present invention as shown in the specific embodiment without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiment is, therefore, to be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. [0000] Ink Jet Technologies [0033] The embodiments of the invention use an ink jet printer type device. Of course many different devices could be used. However presently popular ink jet printing technologies are unlikely to be suitable. [0034] The most significant problem with thermal inkjet is power consumption. This is approximately 100 times that required for high speed, and stems from the energy-inefficient means of drop ejection. This involves the rapid boiling of water to produce a vapor bubble which expels the ink. Water has a very high heat capacity, and must be superheated in thermal inkjet applications. This leads to an efficiency of around 0.02%, from electricity input to drop momentum (and increased surface area) out. [0035] The most significant problem with piezoelectric inkjet is size and cost. Piezoelectric crystals have a very small deflection at reasonable drive voltages, and therefore require a large area for each nozzle. Also, each piezoelectric actuator must be connected to its drive circuit on a separate substrate. This is not a significant problem at the current limit of around 300 nozzles per print head, but is a major impediment to the fabrication of pagewidth print heads with 19,200 nozzles. [0036] Ideally, the inkjet technologies used meet the stringent requirements of in-camera digital color printing and other high quality, high speed, low cost printing applications. To meet the requirements of digital photography, new inkjet technologies have been created. The target features include: [0037] low power (less than 10 Watts) [0038] high resolution capability (1,600 dpi or more) [0039] photographic quality output [0040] low manufacturing cost [0041] small size (pagewidth times minimum cross section) [0042] high speed (<2 seconds per page). [0043] All of these features can be met or exceeded by the inkjet systems described below with differing levels of difficulty. Forty-five different inkjet technologies have been developed by the Assignee to give a wide range of choices for high volume manufacture. These technologies form part of separate applications assigned to the present Assignee as set out in the table under the heading “Cross References to Related Applications”. [0044] The inkjet designs shown here are suitable for a wide range of digital printing systems, from battery powered one-time use digital cameras, through to desktop and network printers, and through to commercial printing systems. [0045] For ease of manufacture using standard process equipment, the printhead is designed to be a monolithic 0.5 micron CMOS chip with MEMS post processing. For color photographic applications, the printhead is 100 mm long, with a width which depends upon the inkjet type. The smallest printhead designed is IJ38, which is 0.35 mm wide, giving a chip area of 35 square mm. The printheads each contain 19,200 nozzles plus data and control circuitry. [0046] Ink is supplied to the back of the printhead by injection molded plastic ink channels. The molding requires 50 micron features, which can be created using a lithographically micromachined insert in a standard injection molding tool. Ink flows through holes etched through the wafer to the nozzle chambers fabricated on the front surface of the wafer. The printhead is connected to the camera circuitry by tape automated bonding. [0000] Tables of Drop-on-Demand Inkjets [0047] Eleven important characteristics of the fundamental operation of individual inkjet nozzles have been identified. These characteristics are largely orthogonal, and so can be elucidated as an eleven dimensional matrix. Most of the eleven axes of this matrix include entries developed by the present assignee. [0048] The following tables form the axes of an eleven dimensional table of inkjet types. [0049] Actuator mechanism (18 types) [0050] Basic operation mode (7 types) [0051] Auxiliary mechanism (8 types) [0052] Actuator amplification or modification method (17 types) [0053] Actuator motion (19 types) [0054] Nozzle refill method (4 types) [0055] Method of restricting back-flow through inlet (10 types) [0056] Nozzle clearing method (9 types) [0057] Nozzle plate construction (9 types) [0058] Drop ejection direction (5 types) [0059] Ink type (7 types) [0060] The complete eleven dimensional table represented by these axes contains 36.9 billion possible configurations of inkjet nozzle. While not all of the possible combinations result in a viable inkjet technology, many million configurations are viable. It is clearly impractical to elucidate all of the possible configurations. Instead, certain inkjet types have been investigated in detail. These are designated IJ01 to IJ45 which match the docket numbers in the table under the heading Cross References to Related Applications. [0061] Other inkjet configurations can readily be derived from these forty-five examples by substituting alternative configurations along one or more of the 11 axes. Most of the IJ01 to IJ45 examples can be made into inkjet printheads with characteristics superior to any currently available inkjet technology. [0062] Where there are prior art examples known to the inventor, one or more of these examples are listed in the examples column of the tables below. The IJ01 to IJ45 series are also listed in the examples column. In some cases, print technology may be listed more than once in a table, where it shares characteristics with more than one entry. [0063] Suitable applications include: Home printers, Office network printers, Short run digital printers, Commercial print systems, Fabric printers, Pocket printers, Internet WWW printers, Video printers, Medical imaging, Wide format printers, Notebook PC printers, Fax machines, Industrial printing systems, Photocopiers, Photographic minilabs etc. [0064] The information associated with the aforementioned 11 dimensional matrix are set out in the following tables. ACTUATOR MECHANISM (APPLIED ONLY TO SELECTED INK DROPS) Actuator Mechanism Description Advantages Disadvantages Examples Thermal An electrothermal Large force generated High power Canon Bubblejet bubble heater heats the ink to Simple construction Ink carrier limited to 1979 Endo et al GB above boiling point, No moving parts water patent 2,007,162 transferring Fast operation Low efficiency Xerox heater-in-pit significant heat to the Small chip area required High temperatures 1990 Hawkins et al aqueous ink. A for actuator required U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,181 bubble nucleates and High mechanical stress Hewlett-Packard TIJ quickly forms, Unusual materials 1982 Vaught et al expelling the ink. required U.S. Pat. No. 4,490,728 The efficiency of the Large drive transistors process is low, with Cavitation causes typically less than actuator failure 0.05% of the Kogation reduces bubble electrical energy formation being transformed Large print heads are into kinetic energy of difficult to fabricate the drop. Piezoelectric A piezoelectric Low power consumption Very large area required Kyser et al U.S. Pat. No. crystal such as lead Many ink types can be for actuator 3,946,398 lanthanum zirconate used Difficult to integrate Zoltan U.S. Pat. No. (PZT) is electrically Fast operation with electronics 3,683,212 activated, and either High efficiency High voltage drive 1973 Stemme U.S. Pat. No. expands, shears, or transistors required 3,747,120 bends to apply Full pagewidth print Epson Stylus pressure to the ink, heads impractical due to Tektronix ejecting drops. actuator size IJ04 Requires electrical poling in high field strengths during manufacture Electrostrictive An electric field is Low power consumption Low maximum strain Seiko Epson, Usui et used to activate Many ink types can be (approx. 0.01%) all JP 253401/96 electrostriction in used Large area required for IJ04 relaxor materials such Low thermal expansion actuator due to low strain as lead lanthanum Electric field strength Response speed is zirconate titanate required (approx. 3.5 V/μm) marginal (˜10 μs) (PLZT) or lead can be generated High voltage drive magnesium niobate without difficulty transistors required (PMN). Does not require Full pagewidth print electrical poling heads impractical due to actuator size Ferroelectric An electric field is Low power consumption Difficult to integrate IJ04 used to induce a Many ink types can be with electronics phase transition used Unusual materials such between the Fast operation (<1 μs) as PLZSnT are required antiferroelectric Relatively high Actuators require a large (AFE) and longitudinal strain area ferroelectric (FE) High efficiency phase. Perovskite Electric field strength of materials such as tin around 3 V/μm can be modified lead readily provided lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZSnT) exhibit large strains of up to 1% associated with the AFE to FE phase transition. Electrostatic Conductive plates are Low power consumption Difficult to operate IJ02, IJ04 plates separated by a Many ink types can be electrostatic devices in an compressible or fluid used aqueous environment dielectric (usually Fast operation The electrostatic air). Upon application actuator will normally need of a voltage, the to be separated from the plates attract each ink other and displace Very large area required ink, causing drop to achieve high forces ejection. The High voltage drive conductive plates transistors may be required may be in a comb or Full pagewidth print honeycomb structure, heads are not competitive or stacked to increase due to actuator size the surface area and therefore the force. Electrostatic A strong electric field Low current High voltage required 1989 Saito et al, U.S. Pat. No. pull on ink is applied to the ink, consumption May be damaged by 4,799,068 whereupon Low temperature sparks due to air 1989 Miura et al, electrostatic attraction breakdown U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,954 accelerates the ink Required field strength Tone-jet towards the print increases as the drop size medium. decreases High voltage drive transistors required Electrostatic field attracts dust Permanent An electromagnet Low power consumption Complex fabrication IJ07, IJ10 magnet directly attracts a Many ink types can be Permanent magnetic electromagnetic permanent magnet, used material such as displacing ink and Fast operation Neodymium Iron Boron causing drop ejection. High efficiency (NdFeB) required. Rare earth magnets Easy extension from High local currents with a field strength single nozzles to required around 1 Tesla can be pagewidth print heads Copper metalization used. Examples are: should be used for long Samarium Cobalt electromigration lifetime (SaCo) and magnetic and low resistivity materials in the Pigmented inks are neodymium iron usually infeasible boron family Operating temperature (NdFeB, limited to the Curie NdDyFeBNb, temperature (around 540 K) NdDyFeB, etc) Soft A solenoid induced a Low power consumption Complex fabrication IJ01, IJ05, IJ08, IJ10 magnetic magnetic field in a Many ink types can be Materials not usually IJ12, IJ14, IJ15, IJ17 core electromagnetic soft magnetic core or used present in a CMOS fab yoke fabricated from Fast operation such as NiFe, CoNiFe, or a ferrous material High efficiency CoFe are required such as electroplated Easy extension from High local currents iron alloys such as single nozzles to required CoNiFe [1], CoFe, or pagewidth print heads Copper metalization NiFe alloys. should be used for long Typically, the soft electromigration lifetime magnetic material is and low resistivity in two parts, which Electroplating is are normally held required apart by a spring. High saturation flux When the solenoid is density is required (2.0-2.1 T actuated, the two is achievable with parts attract, CoNiFe [1]) displacing the ink. Magnetic The Lorenz force Low power consumption Force acts as a twisting IJ06, IJ11, IJ13, IJ16 Lorenz force acting on a current Many ink types can be motion carrying wire in a used Typically, only a quarter magnetic field is Fast operation of the solenoid length utilized. High efficiency provides force in a useful This allows the Easy extension from direction magnetic field to be single nozzles to High local currents supplied externally to pagewidth print heads required the print head, for Copper metalization example with rare should be used for long earth permanent electromigration lifetime magnets. and low resistivity Only the current Pigmented inks are carrying wire need be usually infeasible fabricated on the print-head, simplifying materials requirements. Magnetostriction The actuator uses the Many ink types can be Force acts as a twisting Fischenbeck, U.S. Pat. No. giant magnetostrictive used motion 4,032,929 effect of materials Fast operation Unusual materials such IJ25 such as Terfenol-D Easy extension from as Terfenol-D are required (an alloy of terbium, single nozzles to High local currents dysprosium and iron pagewidth print heads required developed at the High force is available Copper metalization Naval Ordnance should be used for long Laboratory, hence electromigration lifetime Ter-Fe-NOL). For and low resistivity best efficiency, the Pre-stressing may be actuator should be required pre-stressed to approx. 8 MPa. Surface Ink under positive Low power consumption Requires supplementary Silverbrook, EP 0771 tension pressure is held in a Simple construction force to effect drop 658 A2 and related reduction nozzle by surface No unusual materials separation patent applications tension. The surface required in fabrication Requires special ink tension of the ink is High efficiency surfactants reduced below the Easy extension from Speed may be limited by bubble threshold, single nozzles to surfactant properties causing the ink to pagewidth print heads egress from the nozzle. Viscosity The ink viscosity is Simple construction Requires supplementary Silverbrook, EP 0771 reduction locally reduced to No unusual materials force to effect drop 658 A2 and related select which drops required in fabrication separation patent applications are to be ejected. A Easy extension from Requires special ink viscosity reduction single nozzles to viscosity properties can be achieved pagewidth print heads High speed is difficult to electrothermally with achieve most inks, but special Requires oscillating ink inks can be pressure engineered for a A high temperature 100:1 viscosity difference (typically 80 reduction. degrees) is required Acoustic An acoustic wave is Can operate without a Complex drive circuitry 1993 Hadimioglu et generated and nozzle plate Complex fabrication al, EUP 550,192 focussed upon the Low efficiency 1993 Elrod et al, drop ejection region. Poor control of drop EUP 572,220 position Poor control of drop volume Thermoelastic An actuator which Low power consumption Efficient aqueous IJ03, IJ09, IJ17, IJ18 bend relies upon Many ink types can be operation requires a IJ19, IJ20, IJ21, IJ22 actuator differential thermal used thermal insulator on the IJ23, IJ24, IJ27, IJ28 expansion upon Joule Simple planar hot side IJ29, IJ30, IJ31, IJ32 heating is used. fabrication Corrosion prevention IJ33, IJ34, IJ35, IJ36 Small chip area required can be difficult IJ37, IJ38, IJ39, IJ40 for each actuator Pigmented inks may be IJ41 Fast operation infeasible, as pigment High efficiency particles may jam the bend CMOS compatible actuator voltages and currents Standard MEMS processes can be used Easy extension from single nozzles to pagewidth print heads High CTE A material with a High force can be Requires special material IJ09, IJ17, IJ18, IJ20 thermoelastic very high coefficient generated (e.g. PTFE) IJ21, IJ22, IJ23, IJ24 actuator of thermal expansion PTFE is a candidate for Requires a PTFE IJ27, IJ28, IJ29, IJ30 (CTE) such as low dielectric constant deposition process, which IJ31, IJ42, IJ43, IJ44 polytetrafluoroethylene insulation in ULSI is not yet standard in ULSI (PTFE) is used. As Very low power fabs high CTE materials consumption PTFE deposition cannot are usually non- Many ink types can be be followed with high conductive, a heater used temperature (above 350� C.) fabricated from a Simple planar processing conductive material is fabrication Pigmented inks may be incorporated. A 50 μm Small chip area required infeasible, as pigment long PTFE bend for each actuator particles may jam the bend actuator with Fast operation actuator polysilicon heater and High efficiency 15 mW power input CMOS compatible can provide 180 μN voltages and currents force and 10 μm Easy extension from deflection. Actuator single nozzles to motions include: pagewidth print heads Bend Push Buckle Rotate Conductive A polymer with a High force can be Requires special IJ24 polymer high coefficient of generated materials development thermoelastic thermal expansion Very low power (High CTE conductive actuator (such as PTFE) is consumption polymer) doped with Many ink types can be Requires a PTFE conducting used deposition process, which substances to increase Simple planar is not yet standard in ULSI its conductivity to fabrication fabs about 3 orders of Small chip area required PTFE deposition cannot magnitude below that for each actuator be followed with high of copper. The Fast operation temperature (above 350� C.) conducting polymer High efficiency processing expands when CMOS compatible Evaporation and CVD resistively heated. voltages and currents deposition techniques Examples of Easy extension from cannot be used conducting dopants single nozzles to Pigmented inks may be include: pagewidth print heads infeasible, as pigment Carbon nanotubes particles may jam the bend Metal fibers actuator Conductive polymers such as doped polythiophene Carbon granules Shape A shape memory High force is available Fatigue limits maximum IJ26 memory alloy such as TiNi (stresses of hundreds of number of cycles alloy (also known as MPa) Low strain (1%) is Nitinol - Nickel Large strain is available required to extend fatigue Titanium alloy (more than 3%) resistance developed at the High corrosion Cycle rate limited by Naval Ordnance resistance heat removal Laboratory) is Simple construction Requires unusual thermally switched Easy extension from materials (TiNi) between its weak single nozzles to The latent heat of martensitic state and pagewidth print heads transformation must be its high stiffness Low voltage operation provided austenic state. The High current operation shape of the actuator Requires pre-stressing to in its martensitic state distort the martensitic state is deformed relative to the austenic shape. The shape change causes ejection of a drop. Linear Linear magnetic Linear Magnetic Requires unusual IJ12 Magnetic actuators include the actuators can be semiconductor materials Actuator Linear Induction constructed with high such as soft magnetic Actuator (LIA), thrust, long travel, and alloys (e.g. CoNiFe [1]) Linear Permanent high efficiency using Some varieties also Magnet Synchronous planar semiconductor require permanent Actuator (LPMSA), fabrication techniques magnetic materials such as Linear Reluctance Long actuator travel is Neodymium iron boron Synchronous available (NdFeB) Actuator (LRSA), Medium force is. Requires complex multi- Linear Switched available phase drive circuitry Reluctance Actuator Low voltage operation High current operation (LSRA), and the Linear Stepper Actuator (LSA). [0065] BASIC OPERATION MODE
[0066] AUXILIARY MECHANISM (APPLIED TO ALL NOZZLES)
[0067] ACTUATOR AMPLIFICATION OR MODIFICATION METHOD
[0068] ACTUATOR MOTION
[0069] NOZZLE REFILL METHOD
[0070] METHOD OF RESTRICTING BACK-FLOW THROUGH INLET
[0071] NOZZLE CLEARING METHOD
[0072] NOZZLE PLATE CONSTRUCTION
[0073] DROP EJECTION DIRECTION
[0074] INK TYPE
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