Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7609762?dq=6,263,507
Timestamp: 2014-10-23 01:46:30
Document Index: 119075537

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 4', 'art 6', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'Application No. 200410095789', 'Application No. 200410095789']

Patent US7609762 - Signaling for entry point frames with predicted first field - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA video decoder receives an entry point key frame comprising first and second interlaced video fields and decodes a first syntax element comprising information (e.g., frame coding mode) for the entry point key frame at a first syntax level (e.g., frame level) in a bitstream. The first interlaced video...http://www.google.com/patents/US7609762?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7609762 - Signaling for entry point frames with predicted first fieldAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7609762 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/989,843Publication dateOct 27, 2009Filing dateNov 15, 2004Priority dateSep 7, 2003Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20050152448Publication number10989843, 989843, US 7609762 B2, US 7609762B2, US-B2-7609762, US7609762 B2, US7609762B2InventorsRegis J. Crinon, Thomas W. Holcomb, Shankar Regunathan, Sridhar SrinivasanOriginal AssigneeMicrosoft CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (89), Non-Patent Citations (41), Referenced by (13), Classifications (19), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSignaling for entry point frames with predicted first fieldUS 7609762 B2Abstract A video decoder receives an entry point key frame comprising first and second interlaced video fields and decodes a first syntax element comprising information (e.g., frame coding mode) for the entry point key frame at a first syntax level (e.g., frame level) in a bitstream. The first interlaced video field is a predicted field, and the second interlaced video field is an intra-coded field. The information for the entry point key frame can be a frame coding mode (e.g., field interlace) for the entry point key frame. The decoder can decode a second syntax element at the first syntax level comprising second information (e.g., field type for each of the first and second interlaced video fields) for the entry point key frame.
A. Access Points The MPEG-2/H.262 standard describes intra-coded pictures (e.g., coded I-frames) and group-of-pictures (�GOP�) headers. In MPEG-2, intra-coded pictures are coded without reference to other pictures and provide access points to the coded sequence where decoding can begin. Intra-coded pictures can be used at different places in a video sequence. For example, intra-coded pictures can be inserted periodically or can be used in places such as scene changes or where motion compensation is otherwise ineffective. A coded I-frame is an I-frame picture or a pair of field pictures, where the first field picture encoded in the bitstream is an I-picture and the second field picture encoded in the bitstream is an I-picture or a P-picture. The MPEG-2 standard does not allow a coded I-frame in which the first field picture encoded in the bitstream is a P-picture and the second field picture encoded in the bitstream is an I-picture. When a coded I-frame is a pair of field pictures, and the second field picture encoded in the bitstream is a P-picture, the P-picture is motion compensated relative to the I-picture (first field picture encoded in the bitstream) in the same frame.
B. Trick Modes The MPEG-2 standard describes special access, search and scan modes (examples of trick modes). According to ISO/IEC 13818-02, the 1-bit DSM_trick_mode_flag in a program elementary stream (�PES�) packet indicates that the PES packet in an MPEG-2 elementary stream is reconstructed from digital storage media (�DSM�) in a trick mode. When DSM_trick_mode_flag is set, eight bits of trick mode information (the DSM_trick_modes element) follow in the PES packet. The first three bits indicate the trick mode (e.g., fast forward, slow motion, freeze frame, fast reverse, slow reverse) and the remaining five bits provide information specific to the indicated trick mode. For example, ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000 specifies that if DSM_trick_mode_flag=1, the 3-bit element trick_mode_control indicates the specific trick mode, while the next five bits indicate provide other information depending on the specific trick mode, such as indicators of which field should be displayed or whether an entire frame should be displayed (field_id), number of times a field or frame should be repeated (rep_cntrl), coefficient frequency truncation information (frequency_truncation), and intra-slice refresh information (intra_slice_refresh).
C. Limitations of the Standards These international standards are limited in several important ways. For example, in MPEG-2, the first coded frame after a GOP header must be a �coded I-frame��an intra-coded frame picture or a pair of field pictures where the first field picture encoded in the bitstream is an I-picture and the second field picture encoded in the bitstream is either an I-picture or a P-picture. GOP headers are not allowed to precede any other frame type. In MPEG-4, a group of VOP header must be followed by a coded I-VOP.
A. Video Encoder FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a general video encoder system 300. The encoder system 300 receives a sequence of video frames including a current frame 305, and produces compressed video information 395 as output. Particular embodiments of video encoders typically use a variation or supplemented version of the generalized encoder 300.
B. Video Decoder FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a general video decoder system 400. The decoder system 400 receives information 495 for a compressed sequence of video frames and produces output including a reconstructed frame 405. Particular embodiments of video decoders typically use a variation or supplemented version of the generalized decoder 400.
A. Frame Coding FIG. 6B shows the interlaced video frame 600 of FIG. 6A organized for encoding/decoding as a frame 630 (i.e., a frame interlace coded frame). The interlaced video frame 600 has been partitioned into macroblocks such as the macroblocks 631 and 632, which use a 4:2:0 format as shown in FIG. 5. In the luminance plane, each macroblock 631, 632 includes 8 lines from the top field alternating with 8 lines from the bottom field for 16 lines total, and each line is 16 pixels long. (The actual organization and placement of luminance blocks and chrominance blocks within the macroblocks 631, 632 are not shown, and in fact may vary for different encoding decisions.) Within a given macroblock, the top-field information and bottom-field information may be coded jointly or separately at any of various phases. An interlaced I-frame is two intra-coded fields of an interlaced video frame, where a macroblock includes information for the two fields. An interlaced P-frame is two fields of an interlaced video frame coded using forward prediction, and an interlaced B-frame is two fields of an interlaced video frame coded using bi-directional prediction, where a macroblock includes information for the two fields. Interlaced P- and B-frames may include intra-coded macroblocks as well as different types of predicted macroblocks. Interlaced BI-frames are a hybrid of interlaced I-frames and interlaced B-frames; they are intra-coded, but are not used as anchors for other frames.
B. Field Coding FIG. 6C shows the interlaced video frame 600 of FIG. 6A organized for encoding/decoding as fields 660. Each of the two fields of the interlaced video frame 600 is partitioned into macroblocks. The top field is partitioned into macroblocks such as the macroblock 661, and the bottom field is partitioned into macroblocks such as the macroblock 662. (Again, the macroblocks use a 4:2:0 format as shown in FIG. 5, and the organization and placement of luminance blocks and chrominance blocks within the macroblocks are not shown.) In the luminance plane, the macroblock 661 includes 16 lines from the top field and the macroblock 662 includes 16 lines from the bottom field, and each line is 16 pixels long. An interlaced I-field is a single, separately represented field of an interlaced video frame. An interlaced P-field is a single, separately represented field of an interlaced video frame coded using forward prediction, and an interlaced B-field is a single, separately represented field of an interlaced video frame coded using bi-directional prediction. Interlaced P- and B-fields may include intra-coded macroblocks as well as different types of predicted macroblocks. Interlaced BI-fields are a hybrid of interlaced I-fields and interlaced B-fields; they are intra-coded, but are not used as anchors for other fields.
TABLE 2 FPTYPE Values FPTYPE FLC First Field Picture Type Second Field Picture Type 000 I I 001 I P 010 P I 011 P P 100 B B 101 B BI 110 BI B 111 BI BI As shown in Table 2, above, an encoder can indicate that a first field in a field interlace coded frame is a P-field and that a second field in the frame is an I-field by assigning the value �010� to the frame-level FPTYPE syntax element. A decoder receiving the FPTYPE syntax element can then determine types (e.g., P-, I-) for the first and second fields in the frame.
A. Bitstream Syntax In various combined implementations, data for interlaced frame coded pictures (e.g., interlaced P-frames, interlaced B-frames, interlaced I-frames, etc.) is presented in the form of a bitstream having plural layers (e.g., sequence, entry point, frame, field, macroblock, block and/or sub-block layers).
B. Start Codes and Emulation Prevention In this combined implementation, the beginning of a Bitstream Data Unit (BDU) of compressed video data is signaled with an identifier called a Start Code (SC). A BDU could be, for example, a sequence header, a picture header, or a slice (see Table 6, below, for a complete list).
C. Start Code Details In this combined implementation, there are 11 distinct start code values: sequence start code, entry start code, frame start code, field start code, slice start code, end-of-sequence start code and five values for user data start codes. Each start code is a 32-bit field. For user data, the value of the start code defines the scope of the user data.
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