Source: https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=&mc=true&n=sp40.23.98.aa&r=SUBPART&ty=HTML
Timestamp: 2020-01-19 22:57:21
Document Index: 199820373

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§63', '§98', '§98', '§98']

Title 40 → Chapter I → Subchapter C → Part 98 → Subpart AA
§98.270 Definition of source category.
§98.271 Reporting threshold.
§98.272 GHGs to report.
§98.273 Calculating GHG emissions.
§98.274 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.
§98.275 Procedures for estimating missing data.
§98.276 Data reporting requirements.
§98.278 Definitions.
You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your facility contains a pulp and paper manufacturing process and the facility meets the requirements of either §98.2(a)(1) or (a)(2).
You must report the emissions listed in paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section:
(a) CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from each kraft or soda chemical recovery furnace.
(b) CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from each sulfite chemical recovery combustion unit.
(c) CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from each stand-alone semichemical chemical recovery combustion unit.
(d) CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from each kraft or soda pulp mill lime kiln.
(e) CO2 emissions from addition of makeup chemicals (CaCO3, Na2CO3) in the chemical recovery areas of chemical pulp mills.
(f) CO2, CH4, and N2O combustion emissions from each stationary combustion unit. You must calculate and report these emissions under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) by following the requirements of subpart C.
(a) For each chemical recovery furnace located at a kraft or soda facility, you must determine CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the procedures in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section. CH4 and N2O emissions must be calculated as the sum of emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and combustion of biomass in spent liquor solids.
(1) Calculate fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed and default emissions factors according to the Tier 1 methodology for stationary combustion sources in §98.33(a)(1). Tiers 2 or 3 from §98.33(a)(2) or (3) may be used to calculate fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions if the respective monitoring and QA/QC requirements described in §98.34 are met.
(2) Calculate fossil fuel-based CH4 and N2O emissions from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed, default or site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors and convert to metric tons of CO2 equivalent according to the methodology for stationary combustion sources in §98.33(c).
(3) Calculate biogenic CO2 emissions and emissions of CH4 and N2O from biomass using measured quantities of spent liquor solids fired, site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors, according to Equation AA-1 of this section:
CO2, CH4, or N2O, from Biomass = Biogenic CO2 emissions or emissions of CH4 or N2O from spent liquor solids combustion (metric tons per year).
Solids = Mass of spent liquor solids combusted (short tons per year) determined according to §98.274(b).
HHV = Annual high heat value of the spent liquor solids (mmBtu per kilogram) determined according to §98.274(b).
(EF) = Default emission factor for CO2, CH4, or N2O, from Table AA-1 of this subpart (kg CO2, CH4, or N2O per mmBtu).
0.90718 = Conversion factor from short tons to metric tons.
(b) For each chemical recovery combustion unit located at a sulfite or stand-alone semichemical facility, you must determine CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section:
(1) Calculate fossil CO2 emissions from fossil fuels from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed and default emissions factors according to the Tier 1 Calculation Methodology for stationary combustion sources in §98.33(a)(1). Tiers 2 or 3 from §98.33(a)(2) or (3) may be used to calculate fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions if the respective monitoring and QA/QC requirements described in §98.34 are met.
(2) Calculate CH4 and N2O emissions from fossil fuels from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed, default or site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors and convert to metric tons of CO2 equivalent according to the methodology for stationary combustion sources in §98.33(c).
(3) Calculate biogenic CO2 emissions using measured quantities of spent liquor solids fired and the carbon content of the spent liquor solids, according to Equation AA-2 of this section:
Biogenic CO2 = Annual CO2 mass emissions for spent liquor solids combustion (metric tons per year).
Solids = Mass of the spent liquor solids combusted (short tons per year) determined according to §98.274(b).
CC = Annual carbon content of the spent liquor solids, determined according to §98.274(b) (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction, e.g., 95% = 0.95).
0.90718 = Conversion from short tons to metric tons.
(4) Calculate CH4 and N2O emissions from biomass using Equation AA-1 of this section and the default CH4 and N2O emissions factors for kraft facilities in Table AA-1 of this subpart and convert the CH4 or N2O emissions to metric tons of CO2 equivalent by multiplying each annual CH4 and N2O emissions total by the appropriate global warming potential (GWP) factor from Table A-1 of subpart A of this part.
(c) For each pulp mill lime kiln located at a kraft or soda facility, you must determine CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(3) of this section:
(1) Calculate CO2 emissions from fossil fuel from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed and default HHV and default emissions factors, according to the Tier 1 Calculation Methodology for stationary combustion sources in §98.33(a)(1). Tiers 2 or 3 from §98.33(a)(2) or (3) may be used to calculate fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions if the respective monitoring and QA/QC requirements described in §98.34 are met.
(2) Calculate CH4 and N2O emissions from fossil fuel from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed, default or site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors and convert to metric tons of CO2 equivalent according to the methodology for stationary combustion sources in §98.33(c); use the default HHV listed in Table C-1 of subpart C and the default CH4 and N2O emissions factors listed in Table AA-2 of this subpart.
(3) Biogenic CO2 emissions from conversion of CaCO3 to CaO are included in the biogenic CO2 estimates calculated for the chemical recovery furnace in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
(d) For makeup chemical use, you must calculate CO2 emissions by using direct or indirect measurement of the quantity of chemicals added and ratios of the molecular weights of CO2 and the makeup chemicals, according to Equation AA-3 of this section:
CO2 = CO2 mass emissions from makeup chemicals (kilograms/yr).
M (CaCO3) = Make-up quantity of CaCO3 used for the reporting year (metric tons per year).
M (NaCO3) = Make-up quantity of Na2CO3 used for the reporting year (metric tons per year).
44 = Molecular weight of CO2.
100 = Molecular weight of CaCO3.
105.99 = Molecular weight of Na2CO3.
[74 FR 56374, Oct. 30, 2009, as amended at 75 FR 79166, Dec. 17, 2010; 78 FR 71965, Nov. 29, 2013; 81 FR 89264, Dec. 9, 2016]
(a) Each facility subject to this subpart must quality assure the GHG emissions data according to the applicable requirements in §98.34. All QA/QC data must be available for inspection upon request.
(1) High heat values of black liquor must be determined no less than annually using T684 om-06 Gross Heating Value of Black Liquor, TAPPI (incorporated by reference, see §98.7). If measurements are performed more frequently than annually, then the high heat value used in Equation AA-1 of this subpart must be based on the average of the representative measurements made during the year.
(i) Measure the mass of spent liquor solids annually (or more frequently) using T-650 om-05 Solids Content of Black Liquor, TAPPI (incorporated by reference in §98.7). If measurements are performed more frequently than annually, then the mass of spent liquor solids used in Equation AA-1 of this subpart must be based on the average of the representative measurements made during the year.
(3) Carbon analyses for spent pulping liquor must be determined no less than annually using ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see §98.7). If measurements using ASTM D5373-08 are performed more frequently than annually, then the spent pulping liquor carbon content used in Equation AA-2 of this subpart must be based on the average of the representative measurements made during the year.
(a) There are no missing data procedures for measurements of heat content and carbon content of spent pulping liquor. A re-test must be performed if the data from any annual measurements are determined to be invalid.
(b) For missing measurements of the mass of spent liquor solids or spent pulping liquor flow rates, use the lesser value of either the maximum mass or fuel flow rate for the combustion unit, or the maximum mass or flow rate that the fuel meter can measure. Alternatively, records of the daily spent liquor solids firing rate obtained to comply with §63.866(c)(1) of this chapter may be used, adjusting for the duration of the missing measurements, as appropriate.
(c) For the use of makeup chemicals (carbonates), the substitute data value shall be the best available estimate of makeup chemical consumption, based on available data (e.g., past accounting records, production rates). The owner or operator shall document and keep records of the procedures used for all such estimates.
In addition to the information required by §98.3(c) and the applicable information required by §98.36, each annual report must contain the information in paragraphs (a) through (l) of this section as applicable:
(a) Annual emissions of CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, biogenic CH4 N2O, and biogenic N2O (metric tons per year).
(c) Basis for determining the annual mass of the spent liquor solids combusted (whether based on T650 om-05 Solids Content of Black Liquor, TAPPI (incorporated by reference, see §98.7) or an online measurement system).
(e) The default emission factor for CO2, CH4, or N2O, used in Equation AA-1 of this subpart (kg CO2, CH4, or N2O per mmBtu).
(j) Annual steam purchases (pounds of steam per year).
(k) Total annual production of unbleached virgin chemical pulp produced onsite during the reporting year in air-dried metric tons per year. This total annual production value is the sum of all kraft, semichemical, soda, and sulfite pulp produced onsite, prior to bleaching, through all virgin pulping lines. Do not include mechanical pulp or secondary fiber repulped for paper production in the virgin pulp production total.
(l) For each pulp mill lime kiln, report the information specified in paragraphs (l)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The quantity of calcium oxide (CaO) produced (metric tons).
(2) The percent of annual heat input, individually for each fossil fuel type.
[74 FR 56374, Oct. 30, 2009, as amended at 75 FR 79166, Dec. 17, 2010; 78 FR 71965, Nov. 29, 2013; 79 FR 63797, Oct. 24, 2014]
Wood furnish
Biomass-based emissions factors
(kg/mmBtu HHV)
North American Softwood 94.4 0.0019 0.00042
North American Hardwood 93.7 0.0019 0.00042
Bagasse 95.5 0.0019 0.00042
Bamboo 93.7 0.0019 0.00042
Straw 95.1 0.0019 0.00042
a Includes emissions from both the recovery furnace and pulp mill lime kiln.
[78 FR 71965, Nov. 29, 2013]
Fossil fuel-based emissions factors (kg/mmBtu HHV)
Kraft rotary lime kilns
Kraft calcinersa
Residual Oil (any type) 0.0027 0 0.0027 0.0003
Distillate Oil (any type) 0.0027 0 0.0027 0.0004
Natural Gas 0.0027 0 0.0027 0.0001
Biogas 0.0027 0 0.0027 0.0001
Petroleum coke 0.0027 0 bNA bNA
Other Fuels See Table C-2 0 See Table C-2 See Table C-2
aIncludes, for example, fluidized bed calciners at kraft mills.
bEmission factors for kraft calciners are not available.
[78 FR 71965, Nov. 29, 2013, as amended at 81 FR 89264, Dec. 9, 2016]