Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/151793352/Succession-Beda
Timestamp: 2018-04-23 21:35:58
Document Index: 378364658

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 795', 'Art. 793', 'Art. 807', 'Art. 805', 'ART 827', 'ART 827', 'ART 830', 'Art. 44', 'Art. 50', 'ART. 854', 'Art. 906', 'ART 957', 'Art. 1067']

Succession Beda | Will And Testament | Intestacy
Description: Law on Succession
Kinds of Ambiguities: (Article 786) 1. LATENT OR INTRINSIC AMBIGUITIES – that which does not appear on the face of the will and is discovered only by extrinsic evidence. 2. PATENT OR EXTRINSIC AMBIGUITIES – that which appears on the face of the will itself NOTES:  There is no distinction between patent and latent ambiguities, in so far as the admissibility of parol or extrinsic evidence to aid testamentary disposition is concerned.  Extrinsic evidence to explain ambiguities in a will cannot include oral declarations of the testator as to his intention.  The validity of a will as to its form depends upon the observance of law in force at the time it is made. (Art. 795).  If a law different from the law in force at the time of the execution of the will goes into effect before or after the death of the testator, such a law shall not affect the validity of the will, provided that such will was duly executed In accordance with the formalities prescribed by law in force at the time it was made. AFTER-ACQUIRED PROPERTY (Art. 793) Gen. Rule: Property acquired during the period between the execution of the will and the death of the testator is NOT included among the property disposed of. Exception: When a contrary intention expressly appears in the will NOTE: This rule applies only to legacies and devises and not to institution of heirs. C. TESTAMENTARY CAPACITY – refers to the ability as well as the power to make a will. - must be present at the time of the execution of the will.
Requisites: 1. At least 18 years of age 2. Of sound mind, i.e., the ability to know: a. the nature of the estate to be disposed of; b. the proper objects of his bounty; and c. the character of the testamentary act. NOTE: The law presumes that the testator is of sound mind, UNLESS: a. he, one month or less, before making his will, was publicly known to be insane; or b. was under guardianship at the time of making his will. (Torres and Lopez de Bueno vs. Lopez 48 Phil 772) In both cases, the burden of proving sanity is cast upon proponents of the will. Effect of Certain Infirmities: 1. mere senility or infirmity of old age does not necessarily imply that a person lacks testamentary capacity; 2. physical infirmity or disease is not inconsistent with testamentary capacity; 3. persons suffering from idiocy (those congenitally deficient in intellect), imbecility (those who are mentally deficient as a result of disease), and senile dementia (peculiar decay of the mental faculties whereby the person afflicted is reduced to second childhood) do not possess the necessary mental capacity to make a will; 4. an insane delusion which will render one incapable of making a will may be defined as a belief in things which do not exist, and which no rational mind would believe to exist; 5. if the insane delusion touches to subject matter of the will, testamentary disposition is void. 6. a deaf-mute and blind person can make a will (i.e. Art. 807-808). A blind man with a sound and disposing mind can make a holographic will. 7. an intoxicated person or person under the influence of drugs may make a will as there is no complete loss of understanding.
c. MARGINAL SIGNATURES – affixed by the testator or the person requested CIVIL LAW COMMITTEE
thereof in the presence of the testator and of one another. TEST OF PRESENCE: Not whether they actually saw each other sign, but whether they might have seen each other sign had they chosen to do so considering their mental and physical condition and position with relation to each other at the moment of inscription of each signature. (Jaboneta vs. Gustilo)  In the case of an ordinary or attested will, its attestation clause need not be written in a language or dialect known to the testator since it does not form part of the testamentary disposition.  The language used in the attestation clause likewise need not even be known to the attesting witnesses. Art. 805 merely requires that, in such a case, the attestation clause shall be interpreted to said witnesses. (Caneda vs. CA 222 SCRA 781) Effects of defects or imperfections in the Attestation Clause:  If the defect of the attestation clause goes into the very essence of the clause itself or consists in the omission of one, some, or all of the essential facts, and such omission cannot be cured by an examination of the will itself, the defect is substantial in character, as a consequence of which the will is invalidated.
explained, added to, or altered. (Article 825) NOTE: To be effective, it must be executed as in the case of a will. Its execution has the effect of republishing the will as modified. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE (ART 827)  Contemplates only lists of properties, books of accounts, and inventories.  Provisions which are in the nature of testamentary dispositions must be contained in the will itself. Requisites for a valid incorporation by reference: (ART 827) 1. The document or paper referred to in the will must be in existence at the time of the execution of the will; 2. The will must clearly describe and identify the same, stating among other things the number of pages thereof; 3. It must be identified by clear and satisfactory proof as the document or paper referred to therein; 4. It must be signed by the testator and the witnesses on each and every page, except in case of voluminous books of account or inventories. F. REVOCATION OF WILLS TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS AND
domiciled in the Philippines, it is valid when it is in accordance with the laws of the Philippines 3. Revocation done outside the Philippines, by a testator who does not have his domicile in this country, is valid when it is done according to the: a. laws of the place where the will was made, or b. laws of the place in which the testator had his domicile at the time of revocation; MODES OF REVOCATION (ART 830) 1. By implication of law: a. legal separation revokes testamentary provisions in favor of the offending spouse; b. preterition revokes the institution of heir; c. judicial action for recovery of debt revokes a legacy of credit/remission of debt; d. transformation, alienation, or loss of bequeathed property revokes a legacy of such property; e. act of unworthiness by an heir, devisee/legatee revokes testamentary provisions in his favor; f. if both spouses of the subsequent marriage acted in bad faith, said marriage shall be void ab initio and testamentary dispositions made by one in favor of the other are revoked by operation of law (Art. 44, Family Code); and g. void ab initio or annulled marriages revoke testamentary dispositions made by one spouse in favor of the other (Art. 50, Family Code). 2. By some will, codicil, or other writing, executed as provided in case of wills, which may either be: a. Express – when there is a revocatory clause expressly revoking the previous will or a part thereof b. Implied – when the provisions thereof are partially or entirely inconsistent with those of the previous will
the instituted heir by intrinsic or extrinsic evidence. PRESUMPTIONS 1. Presumption of Equality – Heirs instituted without designation of shares shall inherit in equal parts. This is limited only to the case where all of the heirs are of the same class or juridical condition, and where there are compulsory heirs among the heirs instituted, it should be applied only to the disposable free portion. 2. Presumption of Individuality – When the testator institutes some heirs individually and others collectively, those collectively designated shall be considered as individually instituted, unless it clearly appears that the intention of the testator was otherwise. 3. Presumption of Simultaneity – when the testator calls to the succession a person and his children, they are all deemed to have been instituted simultaneously and not successively. INSTITUTION BASED ON A FALSE CAUSE (Article 850) GENERAL RULE: The statement of a false cause for the institution of an heir shall be considered as not written.  Reason: Generosity of the testator is the real cause of the testamentary disposition. EXCEPTION: If it appears from the face of the will that the testator would not have made the institution had he known the falsity of the cause.  Example: Where the person instituted is a total stranger to the testator, it is obvious that the real cause of the testamentary disposition is not the generosity of the testator but the fact itself which turned out to be false. REQUISITES FOR THE ANNULMENT OF INSTITUTION OF HEIRS: 1. cause of institution of heirs must be stated in will; 2. cause must be shown to be false; 3. it must appear from the face of the will that the testator would not have
made the institution had he known the falsity of the cause.  Where the one-sentence will institutes the petitioner as the sole, universal heir and preterits the parents of the testatrix, and it contains no specific legacies or bequests, such universal institution of petitioner, by itself, is void. Intestate succession ensues. (Nuguid vs. Nuguid, et al. 17 SCRA 449) PRETERITION (ART. 854)  Omission in the testator’s will of one, some, or all of the compulsory heirs in the direct line, whether living at the time of the execution of the will or born after the death of the testator. Requisites: 1. The heir omitted must be a compulsory heir in the direct line; 2. The omission must be complete and total in character; and 3. The compulsory heir omitted must survive the testator.  There is no total omission when: a. A devise/legacy has been given to the heir by the testator b. A donation inter vivos has been previously given to the heir by the testator; or c. Anything is left from the inheritance which the heir may get by way of intestacy. NOTE: In the above cases, the remedy of the heir is completion of legitime under Art. 906, in case the value of the property received is less than the value of the legitime. Effects of Preterition: 1. It annuls the institution of heir; 2. The devises and legacies are valid insofar as they are not inofficious; and 3. If the omitted compulsory heir should die before the testator, the institution shall be effectual, without prejudice to the right of representation.
 Where the deceased left no descendants, legitimate or illegitimate, but she left forced heirs in the direct ascending line—her parents, and her holographic will does not explicitly disinherit them but simply omits them altogether, the case is one of preterition of parents, not a case of ineffective disinheritance. (Nuguid vs. Nuguid 17 SCRA 449) NOTE: Preterition of the surviving spouse (SS) does not entirely annul the institution of the heir since SS is not a compulsory heir in the direct line. However, since Article 842 protects the legitime of the SS, the institution is partially annulled by reducing the rights of the instituted heir to the extent CIVIL LAW COMMITTEE
1 LC SS 2 or more LC
½ ¼ ½ equal to 1
SS LC IC LC SS IC
LC ½ ½ of 1 LC ½ ¼ ½ of 1 LC All the concurring CH get from the half free portion, the share of the SS having preference over that of the IC, whose share may suffer reduction pro rata because there is no preference among themselves. Whether they survive alone or with concurring CH. IC succeed in the ¼ in equal shares. IP Any child -excludedIt depends Children inherit in the amounts established in the foregoing rules. Only the parents are of IC are included. Grandparents and other ascendants are excluded.
Requisites: 1. Effected only through a valid will; 2. For a cause expressly stated by law; 3. Cause must be stated in the will itself; 4. Cause must be certain and true; 5. Unconditional; 6. Total; and 7. The heir disinherited must be designated in such a manner that there can be no doubt as to his identity. Effects of Disinheritance: 1. Deprivation of the compulsory heir who is disinherited of any participation in the inheritance including the legitime. 2. The children/descendants of the person disinherited shall take his or her place and shall preserve the rights of compulsory heirs with respect to the legitime. 3. The disinherited parent shall not have the usufruct or administration of the property which constitutes the legitime. IMPERFECT DISINHERITANCE  A disinheritance which does not have one or more of the essential requisites for its validity.  Effects: 1. If testator had made disposition of the entire estate: annulment of the testamentary dispositions only in so far as they prejudice the legitime of the person disinherited; does not affect the dispositions of the testator with respect to the free portion. 2. If testator did not dispose of the free portion: compulsory heir is given all that he is entitled to receive as if the disinheritance has not been made, without prejudice to lawful dispositions made by the testator in favor of others. 3. Devises, legacies and other testamentary dispositions shall be valid to such extent as will not impair the legitime.
GROUNDS FOR REVOCATION OF LEGACIES AND DEVISES (ART 957) 1. Testator transforms the thing bequeathed in such a manner that it does not retain either the form or the denomination it had. 2. Testator by any title or for any cause alienates the thing bequeathed, or any part thereof, it being understood that in the latter case the legacy or devise shall be without effect only with respect to the part alienated. Except: when the thing should again belong to the testator after alienation. 3. Thing bequeathed is totally lost during the lifetime of the testator, or after his death without the heirs fault 4. Other causes: nullity of the will; noncompliance with suspensive conditions affecting the bequests; sale of the thing to pay the debts of the deceased during the settlement of his estate. NOTE: LIST IS NOT EXCLUSIVE CIVIL LAW COMMITTEE
exclude those in the collateral line. Rule of Proximity  The relative nearest in degree excludes the more distant ones, saving the right of representation when it properly takes place.  This rule is subject to the rule of preference between lines. Rule of Equal Division  Relatives in the same degree shall inherit in equal shares.  EXCEPTIONS: a) Division in the ascending line (between paternal and maternal grandparents); b) Division among brothers and sisters, some of whom are of the full and others of half blood; and c) Division In cases where the right of representation takes place. NOTE: This rule is subject to the rule of preference between lines. Rule of Barrier between the legitimate family and the illegitimate family  The illegitimate family cannot inherit by intestate succession from the legitimate family and vice-versa. Rule of Double Share for full blood collaterals  When full and half-blood brothers or sisters, nephews or nieces, survive, the full blood shall take a portion in the inheritance double that of the half-blood.
persons who are not ascendants or descendants, but who come from a common ancestor. 6. Full blood: same father and mother; half blood: only one of either parent is the same. 7. In adoption, the legal filiation is personal and exists only between the adopter and the adopted. The adopted is deemed a legitimate child of the adopter (AP), but still remains as an intestate heir of his natural parents and other blood relatives. C. RIGHT OF REPRESENTATION (RR) (ARTS. 970 – 977)  A right created by fiction of law, by virtue of which the representative is raised to the place and degree of the person represented, and acquires the rights which the latter would have if he were living or if he could have inherited. The representative is called to the succession by the law not by the person represented. He succeeds the one whom the person represented would have succeeded. NOTES:  In the direct line, representation takes place ad infinitum in the direct descending line, never in the ascending.  In the collateral line, representation takes place only in favor of the children of brothers or sisters (nephews and nieces), whether of the full or half-blood, and only if they concur with at least 1 uncle or aunt. 1. Testamentary Succession a) When a compulsory heir in the direct descending line had predeceased the testator and was survived by his children or descendants. b) When a compulsory heir in the direct descending line is excluded from the inheritance due to incapacity or unworthiness and he has children or descendants. c) When a compulsory heir in the direct descending line is disinherited and he has children
IRREGULAR ORDER OF SUCCESSION (Decedent is an illegitimate person): 1. Legitimate children or descendants (LCD) 2. Illegitimate children or descendants (ICD) 3. Illegitimate parents (IP) 4. Surviving spouse (SS) 5. Brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces (BS/NN) 6. State ORDER OF CONCURRENCE 1. LCD, ICD, and SS 2. LPA, ICD, and SS 3. ICD and SS 4. SS and IP 5. BS/NN and SS 6. C5 (alone) 7. State (alone) TABLE OF INTESTATE SHARES
Any class alone 1 LC SS
2 or more LC SS LPA SS LPA SS IC IP SS SS BS/NN 1 LC SS IC
1/2 1/2 (Diongson vs. Cinco, 74 SCRA 118) Consider SS as 1 LC, then divide estate by total number. 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/4 1/4 1/2 1/2 (The law is silent. Apply concurrence theory.) 1/2 1/2 First, satisfy legitimes. Estate would be insufficient. Reduction must be made according to the rules on legitimes. The legitimes of LCD and SS shall always be first satisfied in preference to the ICD. First, satisfy legitimes. There would be an excess in the estate. Distribute such excess in
the proportion 1:2:2, in accordance with the concurrence theory.
Summary: (A) In testamentary succession: (1) Legitime: (a) In case of predecease of an heir, there is representation if there are children or descendants; if CIVIL LAW COMMITTEE
Persons obliged to collate 1.  GENERAL RULE: compulsory heirs  EXCEPTIONS: a. When the testator should have so expressly provided; and b. When the compulsory heir should have repudiated his inheritance 2. Grandchildren who survive with their uncles, aunts, or 1st cousins, and inherit by right of representation. NOTE: Grandchildren may inherit from grandparent in their own right (i.e. heirs next in degree) and not by right of representation if their parent repudiates the inheritance of the grandparent, as no living person can be represented except in cases of disinheritance and incapacity. In such case grandchildren are not obliged to bring to collation what their parent has received gratuitously from their grandparent) What to collate: 1. Any property or right received by gratuitous title during the testator’s lifetime 2. All that they may have received from the decedent during his lifetime 3. All that their parents would have brought to collation if alive Properties not subject to collation (2 nd concept): 1. Absolutely no collation (all concepts): a. Expenses for support, education (elementary and secondary only), medical attendance, even in extraordinary illness, apprenticeship, ordinary equipment, or customary gifts (Art. 1067). 2. Generally not imputable to legitime: a. Expenses incurred by parents in giving their children professional, vocational or other career unless the parents so provide, or unless they impair the legitime. b. Wedding gifts by parents and ascendants consisting of jewelry, clothing, and outfit except when they exceed 1/10 of the sum disposable by will.
E. PARTITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ESTATE (ARTS. 1078 – 1105)  It is the separation, division and assignment of a thing held in common among those to whom it may belong. It includes every act which is intended to put an end to indivision among co-heirs, and legatees or devisees, although it should purport to be a sale, exchange, compromise, or any other transaction. It is not subject to any form. Who may effect partition: 1. decedent himself during his lifetime by an act inter vivos or by will; 2. heirs themselves; 3. competent court; 4. 3rd person designated by the decedent. Who can demand partition: 1. compulsory heir; 2. voluntary heir; 3. legatee or devisee; 4. any person who has acquired interest in the estate. When partition cannot be demanded: (PAPU) 1. when expressly prohibited by the testator himself for a period not exceeding 20 years; 2. when the co-heirs agreed that the estate shall not be divided for a period not exceeding 10 years, renewable for another 10 years; 3. when prohibited by law; 4. when to partition the estate would render it unserviceable for the use for which it is intended. Prohibition to Partition 1. The prohibition to partition for a period not exceeding 20 years can be imposed on the legitime. 2. If the prohibition to partition is for more than 20 years, the excess is void. 3. Even if a prohibition is imposed, the heirs by mutual agreement can still make the partition.
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