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API 541 547 841 | Specification (Technical Standard) | Bearing (Mechanical)
A comparison between IEEE 841, API 541, AND API 547.
ANY MOTOR USERS MAY BE CONFUSED when it comes to calling out the appropriate standard or specification for their applications. Some standards are better suited to certain applications
than others. By thoroughly understanding what each specification was developed for, the most appropriate standard can be chosen. This article discusses the IEEE 841-2001, API 541 4th edition, and API 547 standards and provides guidance as to the applicability of each.
IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE • JAN|FEB 2005 • WWW.IEEE.ORG/IAS
IEEE 841, API 541, and API 547 are all ac induction motor standards developed by the petrochemical industry. Nonetheless, they have been adopted by other process industries that also require motors with high levels of reliability. A working group consisting of motor end-users, consultants, and suppliers initially developed API 541 approximately 20 years ago. The standard is meant to provide an ac induction motor with increased reliability and value. Throughout 541’s life, each revision has added changes to promote increased reliability, safety and ease of use. API 541 finished its fourth revision in the fall of 2003 and was released in 2004. IEEE 841 was completed in September 1985 with a similar working group as the API standard. Initially the requirement for IEEE 841 was to produce a recommended practice (RP) so motor
BY JOHN MALINOWSKI, GABE F. D’ALLEVA, & MARK M. HODOWANEC
©ARTVILLE, LLC.
1077-2618/06/$20.00©2006 IEEE
Application Coupled loads Belted loads Axial Thrust Loads Centrifugal compressors Reciprocating compressors Centrifugal pumps Vertical turbine pumps Fans & blowers Induction generator Division 2 (Zone 2) Adjustable speed (ASD) Y = Suitable for application N = Not suitable for application to address the needs of these machines. In the process of doing this. most critical machines. it was realized that a standard did not exist for general-purpose. one specification may be more appropriate than another.000 V ■ horizontal and vertical motors ■ antifriction bearing only ■ bearing reliability by specifying temperature and vibration limits as well as bearing life requirements ■ IP details of protection: IP54/IP55 ■ sound limit: 90 dBA sound power ■ corrosion-resistance tested per ASTM B117-97 . That is the unfortunate outcome when various choices/options exist for a machine that goes into a particular application. A working group was chartered TABLE 2. During the ballot process for the fourth revision of API 541.000 hp) that span between IEEE 841 and API 541. there is much overlap between the three standards. IEEE 841 •Petroleum and chemical industry •Severe duty API 547 •Petroleum and chemical industry •Severe duty •Critical duty •Special purpose service (unspared) •Induction generators •Severely corrosive atmospheres •Antifriction bearings •TEFC •Horizontal & Vertical •Sleeve bearings •TEFC and WPII •Horizontal •High inertia loads •Adjustable speed drives •Sleeve bearings •All enclosures •Horizontal and vertical API 541 •Petroleum and chemical industry •General purpose service (spared) •General purpose service (spared) IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE • JAN|FEB 2006 • WWW. it is possible to make any one of the specifications “valid. During the balloting process. as well as options selected. and the standard number for this was API 547. With appropriate exceptions taken. the RP was revised and made into a standard. which has been widely adopted into many other process industries. noncritical service machines in the 250–3. This article will help identify which of the three standards are most appropriate for a particular application. Motors of this size are likely to be of a more standard construction and might be made available for delivery from a manufacturer or distributor’s inventory. The standard’s latest version is IEEE 841-2001. IEEE 841 put all manufacturers on an even playing field and simplified procurement activities from the end-user side.” However. the standard defaults were made to reflect appropriate choices for the largest. The purpose of having such a specification is to establish a recognized baseline standard for petroleum and chemical industry severe duty motors. IEEE 841 motors must satisfy the following: ■ severe duty for petroleum and chemical industry ■ enclosure limited to TEFC and totally enclosed nonventilated (TENV) construction ■ a NEMA frame size of 143T and larger. but most heartily endorsed by the pulp and paper industry. These machines are commonly found in the petrochemical industry.000-hp ranges. up through 500-hp rating ■ voltages to 4. FEATURES OF EACH STANDARD. Obviously.TABLE 1. great efforts were made to simplify the standard. Prior to this standard being in place.ORG/IAS manufacturers could build a low-voltage (460 or 575 V) totally enclosed fan-cooled (TEFC) ac induction motor that could be made available from stock for easy procurement. IEEE 841 Motor Requirements IEEE 841 Y Y Y Y U Y Y Y N U U API 547 Y N N Y U Y N Y N Y U API 541 Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 36 U = Unusual condition − specify on data sheet The IEEE 841 motor is intended to be a standardized product available from stock (from motor manufacturers and motor distributors) and is produced by several manufacturers. This standard covers medium horsepower motors (250–3. and the first edition was issued in January 2005. In 1990.IEEE. APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR EACH STANDARD. API 547 was completed. manufacturers had total latitude on what they deemed to be sufficient for a “severe duty” motor.
AND API 547.300 6.200 Rotor Cage Material • Copper or aluminum >1000 hp fabricated-bar ≤1000 hp fabricated or die cast cage • Form wound • Minimum Class F • Form wound • Epoxy base VPI • Corona suppressant materials for windings operating at 6000 volt or greater • Stator windings to have sealed system capable of NEMA MG 1-20 sealed winding conformance test • Fabricated copper-bar • Optional–cast or fabricated aluminum cage • Form wound • Minimum Class F • Form wound • Epoxy base VPI • Corona suppressant materials for windings operating at 6000 volt or greater • Stator windings to have sealed system capable of NEMA MG 1-20 sealed winding conformance test Winding Type Winding Insulation 37 . aluminum or respective alloys (Typically die cast aluminum) • Random wound • Form wound • Minimum Class F • Random wound Coils to have phase insulation in addition to varnish for each group of random windings • Form wound VPI for 2300/4000 volt designs • Sealed system capable of withstanding immersion test 2. NEMA.IEEE. NEMA. ISO 370 kW − up (500 hp − up) 4-6-8 pole 185 − 1500 kW TEFC or (250 − 3000 hp) WPII Rating • Continuous duty • Size for 1. Standard Title IEEE 841-2001 API 547 API 541 rev 4 Form-Wound Squirrel Cage Induction Motors – 500 hp and Larger IEEE Standard for Petroleum General Purpose Form-Wound and Chemical Industry Squirrel Cage Induction Motors – —Severe Duty TEFC Sqirrel250 hp and Larger Cage Induction Motors up to and Including CageInduction Motors – up to and Including 370 kW (500 hp) No ANSI.0 SF.300 4.300 6.000 6.600 10.75 − 370 kW (1 − 500 hp) No ANSI. API 541. IEEE 0. 4.000 • Continuous duty • Size for 1. with 1.600 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE • JAN|FEB 2006 • WWW.300 4.15 SF on nameplate 50 Hz Not specified 60 Hz 200 230 460 575 2.000 Speed (poles) Efficiency 2. DETAILED COMPARISON OF IEEE 841.ORG/IAS Voltage Ratings 13. IEC.000 6.000 3. IEEE. IEC.300 4.000 6.0 SF 50 Hz 3.000 3.000 All poles •Manufacturer’s standard •Specified on data sheet 60 Hz 2. NEMA.0 SF 50 Hz 3. 6 & 8 pole •Manufacturer’s standard •Specified on data sheet • Continuous duty • Size for 1.APPENDIX A-1. IEEE. 6 & 8 pole • EPAct + 1 NEMA range (most manufacturers build to NEMA PremiumTM efficiency) • Copper. 4. ISO 2P TEFC 2P − WP II 185–600 kW (250–800 hp) 185–930 kW (1250 hp) Induction Generator Application Design Standards Power Range Yes ANSI.600 60 Hz 2.000 11.
or 5 seconds more than. aluminum plate Cast iron >600V and >445T frame Cast iron. C & D) • Torque/current and starting per NEMA MG 1-1998. API 541. not less than 12 seconds total 38 .e.ORG/IAS Not exceeding: • ±10% voltage with rated frequency • ±5% frequency with rated voltage • Combination of voltage and frequency of 10% provided frequency ≤5% • ≤1% voltage imbalance • Design B • Torque/current and starting per NEMA MG 1-1998. steel plate. Standard Enclosure Type or IEC Details of Protection IEEE 841-2001 NEMA TEFC TENV IP IP54 < NEMA 320 frame IP55 ≥ 320 frame API 547 NEMA WP II TEFC IP IPW24 IC01 IP44-54 IC411 API 541 rev 4 NEMA DGP WP I WP II TEFC TEPV TEWAC TEAAC IP IP22 ICO1 IP23 IC01 IPW24 IC01 IP44-54 IC411 IP44 IC31/37 IP44-54 IC81W IP44-54 IC611/IC616 Frame Sizes Frame and Endplate Material Terminal Box Per NEMA MG 1-1998. nodular iron.000 NEMA MG 1. Part 20 or IEC 60034-1 with 80% of rated voltage • Two consecutive starts with first start at ambient temperature with motor coasting to rest • Three consecutive starts with motor coasting to rest and idle for 20 minutes • Three evenly spaced starts over first hour Minimum 5. nodular iron.e. B..APPENDIX A-2. sleeve and tilting pad) standard • Anti-friction optional Not exceeding: • ±10% voltage with rated frequency • ±5% frequency with rated voltage • Combination of voltage and frequency of 10% provided frequency ≤5% • ≤1% voltage imbalance • Design B • Torque/current and starting per NEMA MG 1-1998. time required to accelerate the load Bearings • Antifriction Power Supply Variation IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE • JAN|FEB 2006 • WWW. sleeve and tilting pad) standard • Anti-friction optional Not exceeding: • ±10% voltage with rated frequency • ±5% frequency with rated voltage • Combination of voltage and frequency of 10% • ≤1% voltage imbalance • All designs (A. Part 13 Cast iron ≤600V and ≤445T frame Manufacturer’s standard Cast iron or fabricated steel Cast iron.000 150% of. cast aluminum. cast aluminum. cast steel. cast steel or steel plate • Hydrodynamic (i..IEEE. steel plate. cast steel. aluminum plate Manufacturer’s standard Cast iron or fabricated steel Cast iron. Part 12 or Part 20 with 90% of rated voltage • Two consecutive starts with the first start at ambient temperature • One start with motor at operating temperature Design and Starting Design Minimum Number Not specified of Full-voltage Starts Safe Stall Time NEMA MG 1. DETAILED COMPARISON OF IEEE 841. Part 12 or Part 20 with 80% of rated voltage • Two consecutive starts with the first start at ambient temperature • One start with motor at operating temperature • Hydrodynamic (i. not less than 12 seconds total Minimum 5. AND API 547.
6 pole.05 in/s.1. Determination by calculation of lockedrotor current c) High-potential tests of c. Bearing housing natural frequency test Stator RTDs required Optional IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE • JAN|FEB 2006 • WWW.06 in/s. space heaters and RTDs heaters and RTDs d) Insulation resistance d.043 in/s. Sealed winding conformance e. Measurement of stator stator resistance resistance f) Measurement of f. Stator core test f. Unbalanced response c.IEEE.03 mm/s peak for 2. Power factor tip-up h. 12 pole 0. Sealed winding conformance a. and speed b) High-potential c) Winding resistance d) Mechanical vibration a.ORG/IAS Special (Optional) Factory Tests None specified Winding Temperature None identified Detectors Space Heaters Optional Stator RTDs required Required 39 .APPENDIX A-3. DETAILED COMPARISON OF IEEE 841.4. Rated rotor temperature vibration test d. space stator windings.Unfiltered 1. etc (unfiltered) • Shaft vibration 1. Measurement of vibration vibration g) Test of bearing g. No load current measurement b.27 mm/s peak at 2n (twice speed) or 2f (twice frequency) ≤90 dBA sound power ≤80 API 547 • 0. Measurement of shaft voltage and current i) Surge comparison test l. 1. High-potential tests of stator windings.10 in/s 8 pole 0. Test of bearing insulation insulation h) Test of bearing h. Inspection of bearing and oil supply j. API 541 AND API 547. 14 pole 0. Surge comparison test a. Insulation resistance (IR) (IR) test by megohmmeter test by megohmmeter and and polarization index polarization index (PI) (PI) per IEEE 43 per IEEE 43 e) Measurement of e.5 mils (unfiltered) displacement for 2 and higher pole motors ≤85 dBA sound pressure Airborne Sound Temperature Rise ≤85 dBA sound pressure by winding resistance ◦C Not to exceed Class B insulation listed temperature a) No load current measurement b) Determination of locked-rotor current Not to exceed Class B sinsulation listed temperatures Routine Factory Tests a) No load current.52 mm/s • Filtered . Complete test b. Test of bearing temperature rise temperature rise i. Standard Vibration Levels IEEE 841-2001 • Radial . Surge test of sample motor coil g. Measurement of rotor air gap k. Unbalanced response c.10 in/s (filtered and unfiltered) API 541 rev 4 • 2 / 4 / 6 pole 0.Unfiltered 2. Rated rotor temperature vibration test d.52 mm/s for 8 pole • Axial .08 in/s. 10 pole 0. Complete test b. power.
they request that the motors be constructed per IEEE 841 or API 541. but care must be taken to avoid unintentional exceptions or incompatible requirements. but it will not have significantly relaxed performance requirements. 40 API 547 is a simpler version of API 541. etc. Data Sheets IEEE 841 provides an optional one-page data sheet to be used if the end-user is specifying a motor for unusual service conditions. All three standards target increased reliability.000 hp ■ enclosures are limited to WPII and TEFC ■ horizontal motors only ■ IP level of protection: IP55 (bearings only) . terminal lead lugs. however it is not required to build the motor. When OEMs work with manufacturers on motors for their equipment. Unfortunately. Regrettably. rating. the motor manufacturer must make some assumptions as to what is required. Discussion over construction. TEWAC. requirements.. witness tests at the manufacturer’s test laboratory are common. all are acceptable) ■ horizontal and vertical motors ■ IP level of protection: IP55 (bearings only) ■ sleeve bearing standard. API 547 is similar to IEEE 841. etc. the user is encouraged to use API 541 for more detailed technical guidance. There are many decisions (i.ORG/IAS API 541 is the premier large induction motor standard. each motor has a “birth certificate” attached to it) standardized design (data sheet not as important) intended to be a standard product that can be stocked. An API 541 motor cannot be built without a data sheet. the data sheets are often incomplete and/or inaccurate. IEEE 841 motors are much more standard and can be supplied when the data sheet is not filled out as long as basic information (speed. A data sheet is provided for special conditions.) is available.e. voltage.e.. When the end-user or OEM does not fill out data sheets. and NEMA Premium efficiency levels. If any exceptions to API 547 are taken. open. This is not possible with API 541 because of its highly customized nature. Some companies specify IEEE 841 on motors larger than 500 hp to obtain a robust severe-duty motor design with less complexity and cost than API 541. It has rigorous specifications but requires much motor knowledge from the user to be used successfully. Because of the critical nature of many API 541 motors.IEEE. API 547 is a more standard motor design for generalpurpose applications. but antifriction bearing option ■ bearing reliability specifying temperature and vibration limits as well as bearing life requirements ■ corrosion-resistant components specified but their testing method is not ■ minimum design and construction guidelines defined for manufacturer ■ sound pressure limit of 85 dBA ■ comprehensive routine and special (optional) factory tests identified ■ data sheets must be filled out to properly specify the motor API 547 Motor Requirements sleeve bearing standard but antifriction bearings optional bearing reliability by specifying temperature and vibration limits as well as bearing life requirements corrosion-resistant components specified but their testing method is not minimum design and construction guidelines are defined for manufacturer sound pressure limit of 85 dBA routine and special (optional) factory tests identified data sheets are optional but should be filled out to specify the motor but are not as detailed as the data sheets in API 541. specification of options) within the specification that must be made. These differentiators are items not specified clearly in the standard but often expected by end-users such as shaft labyrinth seals on each end. The entire concept of the standard is for the manufacturer to design and build a special motor to meet the exact requirements of the end-user as defined by the six pages of data sheets. he or she will need to work with the OEM and help complete the data sheet. although they accomplish it in different ways. Manufacturers rarely see these used. In this regard. particularly in higher outputs. If the end-user requires a motor built to API 541. Most IEEE 841 sales come from motors available from inventory made to comply with the standard’s specifications with few differentiators from manufacturer-tomanufacturer. API 541 motors must satisfy the following: ■ minimum requirements for form-wound squirrelcage induction motors 500 hp and larger for use in the petroleum industry ■ use in “critical service” machines ■ enclosure not specified (WPII. and other industrial severe-duty applications ■ cover motors from 250–3. the motor is standardized to a high enough degree such that it can be available from stock. Data sheets are often not supplied by OEMs. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ API 541 Motor Requirements IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE • JAN|FEB 2006 • WWW. the scope of these standards can be extended. Proper utilization of this specification requires that the data sheets be correctly filled out. Obviously. and final configuration is common during commercial negotiations. Motors are often supplied with equipment to endusers. API 541 motors must satisfy the following: ■ requirements for form-wound squirrel-cage induction motors for general use in petroleum. many users and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) fail to recognize the importance of the data sheets. chemical.■ ■ ■ ■ ■ minimum efficiency specified for all ratings covered by specification routine factory tests identified test information supplied with the motor (i.
Standard Service Conditions IEEE 841-2001 • Full voltage acrossthe-line starting • Temp range −25 ◦ C to +40 ◦ C • Altitude ≤ 1000 m above sea level • Indoor or outdoor • Severe duty – Humid – Chemical (corrosive) – Salty atmospheres • Minimum L-10 bearing life specified as 26. DETAILED COMPARISON OF IEEE 841. conductive dust • Dirty operating conditions where accumulation of dirt will interfere with normal ventilation • Nuclear radiation • Abnormal external shock.55 (Note: 2 pole motors ≤ 1⁄2 NEMA MG 1 inertia) • Reciprocating or positive displacement loads • 3 pages • Completion by user is optional (but recommended) • Self-certification • API Monogram Program certification (optional) • Built to order (Expect common ratings will be stocked) API 541 rev 4 • User specified on data sheet • Sleeve bearing temperature ≤93 ◦ C • 20 year service life • 3 year uninterrupted service • User specified on data sheet Unusual Service Conditions IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE • JAN|FEB 2006 • WWW. explosive. or mechanical loads • Altitudes >1000 m • Temperatures outside of −25 ◦ C to +40 ◦ C • Abnormal axial or side thrust on shaft • AC supply outside of NEMA MG 1 limits • Supply voltage unbalance >1% • Operating speeds other than rated • Operation from solid-state device for adjustable speed application • Load inertia greater than NEMA MG 1-1998. conductive dust • Lint or dirty atmospheres that interfere with ventilation • Nuclear radiation • Abnormal external shock. AND API 547. API 541. 4 & 6p 460v and 575v • Built to order 41 . Section 12.55 • 1 page • Completion by user is optional • Self-certification API 547 • Full voltage across-the-line starting • Temp range −25 ◦ C to +40 ◦ C • Altitude ≤ 1000 m above sea level • Indoor or outdoor • Severe duty – Humid – Chemical (corrosive) – Salty atmospheres • Horizontal mounting • Sinusoidal input power • Sleeve bearing temperature ≤93 ◦ C • Class 1.280 hours • Bearing temperature rise (coupled) ≤ 45 ◦ C (50 ◦ C for 2 pole) Exposure to: • Flammable or explosive gasses • Combustible. explosive. 2 or Zone 2 location Exposure to: • Combustible.IEEE.ORG/IAS Motor Data Sheet Certification to Standard Availability • 6 pages • Completion by user is required • Self-certification • Commonly stocked as 1–250 hp 2. abrasive. or mechanical loads • Altitudes >1000 m • Temperatures outside of −25 ◦ C to +40 ◦ C • Abnormal axial or side thrust on shaft • AC supply outside of NEMA MG 1 limits • Supply voltage unbalance >1% • Operating speeds other than rated • Operation from solidstate device for adjustable speed application • Load inertia greater than NEMA MG 1-1998. Section 12. vibrations. Div. vibrations. abrasive.APPENDIX A-4.
42 John Malinowski (jmalinowski@baldor. Also.2 withstand peak voltage capability.IEEE. IEEE 1349-2001. Bried. Concerns specified in Part 5. See Appendix A for a detailed comparison between the three standards. Most manufacturers building IEEE 841 motors provide a motor with an insulation system that will allow operation on an ASD. insufficient acceleration torque. Where these standards are used to specify larger motors suited to specific applications.” in IEEE PCIC Conf. NFPA 70-2002.3 of the standard deal with heating issues.. [7] R. Additionally. IEEE 841 provides the means to specify a very high quality motor. Mark M. each item dealing with an ASD is identified with a diamond symbol in the margin.4. Constant torque speed range may be limited depending on the motor rating. [6] IEEE Guide for the Application of Electric Motors in Class I. M. and T. features offered may vary slightly from manufacturer-to-manufacturer. [3] Form-Wound Squirrel Cage Induction Motors—Larger than 500 Horsepower. but must also demonstrate. pp. “Introduction to API Standard 541. and J. Guide for the Application of Electric Motors in Class I. that the product meets all the performance criteria specified by the standard. B. additional application data must be shared between the end-user and manufacturer. the user is cautioned regarding operation of the motor above allowable temperatures for Division 2 hazardous (classified) areas. 2001. ANSI/ API STD 547. a facility licensed under API/IP Standards must not only meet the onsite audit requirements of API Spec Q1. should be consulted for application guidelines. Hodowanec. further. Table 2 provides typical applications for each standard. 45–52. IEEE 841-2001. Bonnett. Rama. [8] M.com) is with Baldor Electric Company in Fort Smith. 311–319. API plans to offer a Monogram Program to certify motors that are made in compliance to their standard and. IEEE Standard for Petroleum and Chemical Industry—Severe Duty Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) Squirrel Cage Induction Motors—Up to and Including 370 kW (500 HP). such as in the pulp and paper industry. Fourth ed. [9] L. 2003. Arkansas.IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE • JAN|FEB 2006 • WWW. The way the standards are interpreted. Ohio. IEEE 841 has found wide use in other process industries where a reliable and well-protected NEMA-size motor is required. This article first appeared in its original form at the 2004 IEEE/IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Committee Conferece. Unlike IEEE 841. the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Committee (PCIC). R. Certification to Standard Each manufacturer is responsible for designing and manufacturing their motor to each applicable standard (IEEE 841. usually available off the shelf.L. Virginia. API 541 motors are often applied to critical applications that would have a large cost impact or shut down a facility if they were to fail. Malinowski and Hodowanec are Senior Members of the IEEE. The end-user is responsible for determining which of the three standards is most appropriate for his specific application. A flexible shaft machine is a machine that has its first lateral critical speed below the nominal operating speed. 2003 pp. through a series of qualification tests audited by an API auditor-witness. This allows the manufacturer to design and build a motor that will produce desired performance. API 541 requires the motor to operate below an 80 °C temperature rise at any speed with a variable torque load. J. pp. No outside agency is required to certify the compliance of these motors to the standard. [4] General-Purpose Squirrel Cage Induction Motors—250 Horsepower and Larger. Rec. API 547 or API 541). References [1] Motors and Generators. Part 30 is referenced. Rec.. Conclusion All three standards provide specific and verifiable requirement that enable a user to purchase ac induction motors for most applications that will yield increased reliability over standard or severe duty motors. Continuous operation at a critical speed must be avoided. Variable torque applications are generally not a problem. Costello. API 547 completes the spectrum between these two widely accepted standards. “Introduction to IEEE 841-2001.4. noise. In API 541. that the plant producing them has adequate quality processes in place. Division 2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations.” in IEEE PCIC Conf. In order to meet the requirements of the API Monogram Program. Use of Standards by Application Despite being developed by two separate organizations. IEEE 1349-2001. . [2] IEEE Standard for Petroleum and Chemical Industry—Severe Duty Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) Squirrel Cage induction Motors—Up to and including 370 kW (500 hp).ORG/IAS Use with Adjustable Speed Drives IEEE 841-2001 allows for the motor to be operated from an adjustable speed drive (ASD) as an unusual service condition. Table 1 provides basic features and some guidance on the use of each standard. Lockley.. [5] National Electrical Code.K. critical speeds must be evaluated when used with an ASD as some larger motors may have a flexible shaft. winding failures due to high amplitude voltage spikes (dv/dt) from the drive’s output voltage. Dymond. ANSI/API 541. Padden. NEMA MG 1-1998 and 1-2003. Division 2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations. Voltage spikes are often addressed by referring the user to limit the spikes to levels defined by NEMA MG 1 Part 31. Gabe F. 4th Edition—Form-Wound Squirrel Cage Induction Motors—Larger than 500 Horsepower” in IEEE PCIC Conf. Rec. all three standards were developed by end-users in the petroleum and chemical industry. with these larger motors. The user is instructed to contact the motor manufacturer to determine suitability for the required speed range. First ed. Because API 541 relies heavily on a complete set of data sheets. NEMA MG 1. Griffith. torque pulsations. the user can document complete drive and application details. D’Alleva is with ExxonMobil Research and Engineering in Fairfax.H. 59–69. Doughty and A. Hodowanec is with Siemens Energy & Automation in Norwood. “IEEE 1349-2001 guide for the application of electric motors in Class I Division 2 hazardous (classified) locations.
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