Source: http://www.wvlegislature.gov/bill_status/bills_text.cfm?billdoc=hb4504%20intr.htm&yr=2010&sesstype=RS&i=4504
Timestamp: 2018-03-18 15:22:15
Document Index: 556693568

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[Introduced February 15, 2010 ; referred to the
A BILL to amend and reenact §15-1E-1, §15-1E-2, §15-1E-3, §15-1E-4, §15-1E-5, §15-1E-6, §15-1E-7, §15-1E-8, §15-1E-9, §15-1E-10, §15-1E-11, §15-1E-12, §15-1E-13, §15-1E-14, §15-1E-15, §15-1E- 16, §15-1E-17, §15-1E-18, §15-1E-19, §15-1E-20, §15-1E-21, §15-1E-22, §15-1E-23, §15-1E-24, §15-1E-25, §15-1E-26, §15-1E- 27, §15-1E-28, §15-1E-29, §15-1E-30, §15-1E-31, §15-1E-32, §15-1E-33, §15-1E-34, §15-1E-35, §15-1E-36, §15-1E-37, §15-1E- 38, §15-1E-39, §15-1E-40, §15-1E-41, §15-1E-42, §15-1E-43, §15-1E-44, §15-1E-45, §15-1E-46, §15-1E-47, §15-1E-47a, §15- 1E-48, §15-1E-49, §15-1E-50, §15-1E-51, §15-1E-52, §15-1E-53, §15-1E-54, §15-1E-54a, §15-1E-55, §15-1E-55a, §15-1E-55b, §15- 1E-56, §15-1E-57, §15-1E-58, §15-1E-59, §15-1E-60, §15-1E-61, §15-1E-62, §15-1E-63, §15-1E-64, §15-1E-65, §15-1E-66, §15-1E- 67, §15-1E-68, §15-1E-69, §15-1E-70, §15-1E-70a, §15-1E-70b, §15-1E-71, §15-1E-72, §15-1E-73, §15-1E-74, §15-1E-75, §15-1E-76, §15-1E-77, §15-1E-78, §15-1E-79, §15-1E-80, §15-1E-81, §15-1E-82, §15-1E-83, §15-1E-84, §15-1E-85, §15-1E-86, §15-1E- 87, §15-1E-88, §15-1E-89, §15-1E-90, §15-1E-91, §15-1E-92, §15-1E-93, §15-1E-94, §15-1E-95, §15-1E-96, §15-1E-97, §15-1E- 98, §15-1E-99, §15-1E-100, §15-1E-101, §15-1E-102, §15-1E-103, §15-1E-104, §15-1E-104a, §15-1E-105, §15-1E-106, §15-1E-107, §15-1E-108, §15-1E-109, §15-1E-110, §15-1E-111, §15-1E-112, §15-1E-113, §15-1E-114, §15-1E-115, §15-1E-116, of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended; and to amend said code by adding thereto ten new sections, designated §15-1E-117, §15- 1E-118, §15-1E-119, §15-1E-120, §15-1E-121, §15-1E-122, §15- 1E-123, §15-1E-124, §15-1E-125 and §15-1E-126, all relating to adopting the Uniform State Military Code of Justice; definitions; persons subject to this code and jurisdiction; territorial applicability of the code; apprehension and restraint; nonjudicial punishment; court-martial jurisdiction; appointment and composition of courts-martial; pretrial procedure; trial procedure; sentences after conviction; post- trial procedure and review of courts-martial; punitive articles; and miscellaneous provisions.
That §15-1E-1, §15-1E-2, §15-1E-3, §15-1E-4, §15-1E-5, §15-1E- 6, §15-1E-7, §15-1E-8, §15-1E-9, §15-1E-10, §15-1E-11, §15-1E-12, §15-1E-13, §15-1E-14, §15-1E-15, §15-1E-16, §15-1E-17, §15-1E-18, §15-1E-19, §15-1E-20, §15-1E-21, §15-1E-22, §15-1E-23, §15-1E-24, §15-1E-25, §15-1E-26, §15-1E-27, §15-1E-28, §15-1E-29, §15-1E-30, §15-1E-31, §15-1E-32, §15-1E-33, §15-1E-34, §15-1E-35, §15-1E-36, §15-1E-37, §15-1E-38, §15-1E-39, §15-1E-40, §15-1E-41, §15-1E-42, §15-1E-43, §15-1E-44, §15-1E-45, §15-1E-46, §15-1E-47, §15-1E-47a, §15-1E-48, §15-1E-49, §15-1E-50, §15-1E-51, §15-1E-52, §15-1E-53, §15-1E-54, §15-1E-54a, §15-1E-55, §15-1E-55a, §15-1E-55b, §15-1E- 56, §15-1E-57, §15-1E-58, §15-1E-59, §15-1E-60, §15-1E-61, §15-1E- 62, §15-1E-63, §15-1E-64, §15-1E-65, §15-1E-66, §15-1E-67, §15-1E- 68, §15-1E-69, §15-1E-70, §15-1E-70a, §15-1E-70b, §15-1E-71, §15- 1E-72, §15-1E-73, §15-1E-74, §15-1E-75, §15-1E-76, §15-1E-77, §15- 1E-78, §15-1E-79, §15-1E-80, §15-1E-81, §15-1E-82, §15-1E-83, §15- 1E-84, §15-1E-85, §15-1E-86, §15-1E-87, §15-1E-88, §15-1E-89, §15- 1E-90, §15-1E-91, §15-1E-92, §15-1E-93, §15-1E-94, §15-1E-95, §15- 1E-96, §15-1E-97, §15-1E-98, §15-1E-99, §15-1E-100, §15-1E-101, §15-1E-102, §15-1E-103, §15-1E-104, §15-1E-104a, §15-1E-105, §15- 1E-106, §15-1E-107, §15-1E-108, §15-1E-109, §15-1E-110, §15-1E-111, §15-1E-112, §15-1E-113, §15-1E-114, §15-1E-115 and §15-1E-116 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, be amended and reenacted; that said code be amended by adding thereto ten new sections, designated §15-1E-117, §15-1E-118, §15-1E-119, §15-1E- 120, §15-1E-121, §15-1E-122, §15-1E-123, §15-1E-124, §15-1E-125 and §15-1E-126, all to read as follows:
(5) The term "commanding officer" includes only commissioned officers of the state military forces and shall include officers in charge only when administering nonjudicial punishment under Section 15 of this code. The term "commander" has the same meaning as "commanding officer" unless the context otherwise requires.
(10) The term "judge advocate" means a commissioned officer of the organized state military forces who is an attorney licensed to practice in this state or is a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of another state, who is admitted pro hac vice to practice in this state, and is any of the following: Certified or designated as a judge advocate in the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the Army, Air Force, Navy, or the Marine Corps or designated as a law specialist as an officer of the Coast Guard, or a reserve component of one of these; or certified as an nonfederally recognized judge advocate, under regulations promulgated pursuant to this provision, by the senior judge advocate of the commander of the force in the state military forces of which the accused is a member, as competent to perform such military justice duties required by this code. If there is no such judge advocate available, then such certification may be made by such senior judge advocate of the commander of another force in the state military forces, as the convening authority directs.
(13) The term "military judge" means an official of a general or special court-martial detailed in accordance with section twenty-five of this code.
(14) The term "military offenses" means those offenses prescribed under articles 77 (Principals), 78 (Accessory after the fact), 80 (Attempts), 81 (Conspiracy), 82 (Solicitation), 83 (Fraudulent enlistment, appointment, or separation), 84 (Unlawful enlistment, appointment, or separation), 85 (Desertion), 86 (Absence without leave), 87 (Missing movement), 88 (Contempt toward officials), 89 (Disrespect towards superior commissioned officer), 90 (Assaulting or willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer), 91 (Insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer), 92 (Failure to obey order or regulation), 93 (Cruelty and maltreatment), 94 (Mutiny or sedition), 95 (Resistance, flight, breach of arrest, and escape), 96 (Releasing prisoner without proper authority), 97 (Unlawful detention), 98 (Noncompliance with procedural rules), 99 (Misbehavior before the enemy), 100 (Subordinate compelling surrender), 101 (Improper use of countersign), 102 (Forcing a safeguard), 103 (Captured or abandoned property), 104 (Aiding the enemy), 105 (Misconduct as prisoner), 107 (False official statements), 108 (Military property - Loss, damage, destruction, or wrongful disposition), 109 (Property other than military property - waste, spoilage, or destruction), 110 (Improper hazarding of vessel), 112 (Drunk on duty), 112a. (Wrongful use, possession, etc, of controlled substances), 113 (Misbehavior of sentinel), 114 (Dueling), 115 (Malingering), 116 (Riot or breach of peace), 117 (Provoking speeches or gestures), 132 (Frauds against the government), 133 (Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman), and 134 (General article) of this code.
(b) The use of the masculine gender throughout this code shall also include the feminine gender.
§15-1E-2. Persons subject to this code; jurisdiction.
(a) This code applies to all members of the state military forces at all times.
(b) Subject matter jurisdiction is established if a nexus exists between an offense, either military or nonmilitary, and the state military force. Courts-martial have primary jurisdiction of military offenses as defined in this article. A proper civilian court has primary jurisdiction of a nonmilitary offense when an act or omission violates both this code and local criminal law, foreign or domestic. In such a case, a court-martial may be initiated only after the civilian authority has declined to prosecute or dismissed the charge, provided jeopardy has not attached. Jurisdiction over attempted crimes, conspiracy crimes, solicitation, and accessory crimes must be determined by the underlying offense.
(a) Each person discharged from the state military forces who is later charged with having fraudulently obtained a discharge is, subject to section 43 of this code, subject to trial by court- martial on that charge and is, after apprehension, subject to this code while in custody under the direction of the state military forces for that trial. Upon conviction of that charge that person is subject to trial by court-martial for all offenses under this code committed before the fraudulent discharge.
§15-1E-4. Territorial applicability of the code.
(a) This code has applicability at all times and in all places, provided that either the person subject to the code is in a duty status or, if not in a duty status, that there is a nexus between the act or omission constituting the offense and the efficient functioning of the state military forces; however, this grant of military jurisdiction shall neither preclude nor limit civilian jurisdiction over an offense, which is limited only by the prohibition of double jeopardy.
§15-1E-5. Judge Advocates.
§15-1E-6. Apprehension.
(e) No person authorized by this section to apprehend persons subject to this code or the place where such offender is confined, restrained, held, or otherwise housed may require payment of any fee or charge for so receiving, apprehending, confining, restraining, holding, or otherwise housing a person except as otherwise provided by law.
§15-1E-7. Imposition of restraint.
(c) A commissioned officer, a warrant officer, or a civilian subject to this code or to trial there under may be ordered into arrest or confinement only by a commanding officer to whose authority the person is subject, by an order, oral or written, delivered in person or by another commissioned officer. The authority to order such persons into arrest or confinement may not be delegated.
§15-1E-8. Restraint of persons charged with offenses.
Any person subject to this code charged with an offense under this code may be ordered into arrest or confinement, as circumstances may require. When any person subject to this code is placed in arrest or confinement prior to trial, immediate steps shall be taken to inform the person of the specific wrong of which the person is accused and diligent steps shall be taken to try the person or to dismiss the charges and release the person.
§15-1E-9. Place of Confinement; Reports and receiving of prisoners.
(a) If a person subject to this code is confined before, during, or after trial, confinement shall be in a civilian or military confinement facility.
§15-1E-10. Confinement with enemy prisoners prohibited.
§15-1E-11. Punishment prohibited before trial.
§15-1E-12. Delivery of offenders to civil authorities.
§15-1E-13. Commanding officer's nonjudicial punishment.
(1) Any punishment authorized in subsection (b) paragraph (1), (2), and (3);
(A) Any punishment authorized in subsection (c) paragraphs (1), (2), (3) and (6); and
§15-1E-14. Courts-martial classified.
(B) Only a military judge, if one has been detailed to the court, and the accused under the same conditions as those prescribed in subsection (1) so requests; and
§15-1E-15. Jurisdiction of courts-martial in general.
Each component of the state military forces has court-martial jurisdiction over all members of the particular component who are subject to this code. Additionally, the Army and Air National Guard state military forces have court-martial jurisdiction over all members subject to this code.
§15-1E-16. Jurisdiction of general courts-martial.
Subject to section fifteen of this code, general courts- martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to this code for any offense made punishable by this code, and may, under such limitations as the Governor may prescribe, adjudge any punishment not forbidden by this code.
§15-1E-17. Jurisdiction of special courts-martial.
Subject to section fifteen, special courts-martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to this code for any offense made punishable by this code, and may, under such limitations as the Governor may prescribe, adjudge any punishment not forbidden by this code except dishonorable discharge, dismissal, confinement for more than one year, forfeiture of pay exceeding two-thirds pay per month, or forfeiture of pay for more than one year.
§15-1E-18. Jurisdiction of summary courts-martial.
(a) Subject to section fifteen of this code, summary courts- martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to this code, except officers, cadets, candidates, and midshipmen, for any offense made punishable by this code under such limitations as the Governor may prescribe.
(b) No person with respect to whom summary courts-martial have jurisdiction may be brought to trial before a summary court-martial if that person objects thereto. If objection to trial by summary court-martial is made by an accused, trial by special or general court-martial may be ordered, as may be appropriate. Summary courts-martial may, under such limitations as the Governor may prescribe, adjudge any punishment not forbidden by this code except dismissal, dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge, confinement for more than one month, restriction to specified limits for more than two months, or forfeiture of more than two-thirds of one month's pay.
§15-1E-19. Who may convene general courts-martial.
§15-1E-20. Who may convene special courts-martial.
§15-1E-21. Who may convene summary courts-martial.
§15-1E-22. Who may serve on courts-martial.
(c) Any enlisted member of the state military forces who is not a member of the same unit as the accused is eligible to serve on general and special courts-martial for the trial of any enlisted member subject to this code, but that member shall serve as a member of a court only if, before the conclusion of a session called by the military judge under section thirty-six of this code prior to trial or, in the absence of such a session, before the court is assembled for the trial of the accused, the accused personally has requested orally on the record or in writing that enlisted members serve on it. After such a request, the accused may not be tried by a general or special court-martial the membership of which does not include enlisted members in a number comprising at least one third of the total membership of the court, unless eligible enlisted members cannot be obtained on account of physical conditions or military exigencies. If such members cannot be obtained, the court may be assembled and the trial held without them, but the convening authority shall make a detailed written statement, to be appended to the record, stating why they could not be obtained. In this article, "unit" means any regularly organized body of the state military forces not larger than a company, a squadron, a division of the naval militia, or a body corresponding to one of them.
§15-1E-23. Military judge of a general or special court-martial.
§15-1E-24. Detail of trial counsel and defense counsel.
(b) Except as provided in subsection (c), trial counsel or defense counsel detailed for a general or special court-martial must be a judge advocate as defined in section one of this code and in the case of trial counsel, a member in good standing of the bar of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia.
(4) A judge advocate as defined in section one of this code.
§15-1E-25. Detail or employment of reporters and interpreters.
§15-1E-26. Absent and additional members.
(d) If the military judge of a court-martial composed of a military judge only is unable to proceed with the trial because of physical disability, as a result of a challenge, or for other good cause, the trial shall proceed, subject to any applicable conditions of section fourteen of this code, after the detail of a new military judge as if no evidence had previously been introduced, unless a verbatim record of the evidence previously introduced or a stipulation thereof is read in court in the presence of the new military judge, the accused, and counsel for both sides.
§15-1E-27. Charges and specifications.
(a) Charges and specifications shall be signed by a person subject to this code under oath before a commissioned officer authorized by section 136(a) of this code to administer oaths and shall state:
§15-1E-28. Compulsory self-incrimination prohibited.
(a) No person subject to this code may compel any person to incriminate himself or herself or to answer any question the answer to which may tend to incriminate him or her.
§15-1E-29. Investigation.
(b) The accused shall be advised of the charges against the accused and of the right to be represented at that investigation by counsel. The accused has the right to be represented at that investigation as provided in section 38 of this code and in regulations prescribed under that article. At that investigation, full opportunity shall be given to the accused to cross-examine witnesses against the accused, if they are available, and to present anything the accused may desire in the accused's own behalf, either in defense or mitigation, and the investigating officer shall examine available witnesses requested by the accused. If the charges are forwarded after the investigation, they shall be accompanied by a statement of the substance of the testimony taken on both sides and a copy thereof shall be given to the accused.
(e) The requirements of this section are binding on all persons administering this code but failure to follow them does not constitute jurisdictional error.
§15-1E-30. Forwarding of charges.
§15-1E-31. Advice of judge advocate and reference for trial.
(2) The specification is warranted by the evidence indicated in the report of investigation under section twenty-nine of this code, if there is such a report; and
§15-1E-32. Service of charges.
§15-1E-33. Governor or The Adjutant General may prescribe rules.
Pretrial, trial, and post-trial procedures, including modes of proof, for courts-martial cases arising under this code, and for courts of inquiry, may be prescribed by the Governor or The Adjutant General by regulations, or as otherwise provided by law, which shall apply the principles of law and the rules of evidence generally recognized in military criminal cases in the courts of the Armed Forces but which may not be contrary to or inconsistent with this code.
§15-1E-34. Unlawfully influencing action of court.
(a) No authority convening a general, special, or summary court-martial, nor any other commanding officer, or officer serving on the staff thereof, may censure, reprimand, or admonish the court or any member, the military judge, or counsel thereof, with respect to the findings or sentence adjudged by the court or with respect to any other exercise of its or their functions in the conduct of the proceedings. No person subject to this code may attempt to coerce or, by any unauthorized means, influence the action of a court-martial or court of inquiry or any member thereof, in reaching the findings or sentence in any case, or the action of any convening, approving, or reviewing authority with respect to their judicial acts. The foregoing provisions of the subsection shall not apply with respect to (1) general instructional or informational courses in military justice if such courses are designed solely for the purpose of instructing members of a command in the substantive and procedural aspects of courts-martial or (2) to statements and instructions given in open court by the military judge, summary court-martial officer, or counsel.
(b) In the preparation of an effectiveness, fitness, or efficiency report, or any other report or document used, in whole or in part, for the purpose of determining whether a member of the state military forces is qualified to be advanced in grade, or in determining the assignment or transfer of a member of the state military forces, or in determining whether a member of the state military forces should be retained on active status, no person subject to this code may, in preparing any such report: (1) Consider or evaluate the performance of duty of any such member as a member of a court-martial or witness therein; or (2) give a less favorable rating or evaluation of any counsel of the accused because of zealous representation before a court-martial.
§15-1E-35. Duties of trial counsel and defense counsel.
(b) The accused has the right to be represented in defense before a general or special court-martial or at an investigation under section twenty-nine of this code as provided in this subsection.
(1) The accused may be represented by civilian counsel at the provision and expense of the accused.
(2) The accused may be represented:
(A) By military counsel detailed under section twenty-four of this code; or
(B) By military counsel of the accused's own selection if that counsel is reasonably available as determined under paragraph (7).
(3) Except as provided under paragraph (6), if the accused is represented by military counsel of his or her own selection under paragraph (3)(B), any military counsel detailed under paragraph (3)(A) shall be excused.
(4) The accused is not entitled to be represented by more than one military counsel. However, the person authorized under regulations prescribed under section 27 of this code to detail counsel, in that person's sole discretion:
(B) If the accused is represented by military counsel of the accused's own selection under paragraph (3)(B), may approve a request from the accused that military counsel detailed under paragraph (3)(A) act as associate defense counsel.
(5) The senior force judge advocate of the same force of which the accused is a member, shall determine whether the military counsel selected by an accused is reasonably available.
(6) In any court-martial proceeding resulting in a conviction, the defense counsel:
(A) May forward for attachment to the record of proceedings a brief of such matters as counsel determines should be considered in behalf of the accused on review, including any objection to the contents of the record which counsel considers appropriate;
(B) May assist the accused in the submission of any matter under section 60 of this code; and
(C) May take other action authorized by this code.
§15-1E-36. Sessions.
(a) At any time after the service of charges which have been referred for trial to a court-martial composed of a military judge and members, the military judge may, subject section 35 of this code, call the court into session without the presence of the members for the purpose of:
(2) Hearing and ruling upon any matter which may be ruled upon by the military judge under this code, whether or not the matter is appropriate for later consideration or decision by the members of the court;
(4) Performing any other procedural function which does not require the presence of the members of the court under this code.
(b) These proceedings shall be conducted in the presence of the accused, the defense counsel, and the trial counsel and shall be made a part of the record. These proceedings may be conducted notwithstanding the number of court members and without regard to section twenty-six.
§15-1E-37. Continuances.
§15-1E-38. Challenges.
(2) If exercise of a challenge for cause reduces the court below the minimum number of members required by section 16 of this code, all parties shall, notwithstanding section 29 of this code, either exercise or waive any challenge for cause then apparent against the remaining members of the court before additional members are detailed to the court. However, peremptory challenges shall not be exercised at that time.
(2) If exercise of a peremptory challenge reduces the court below the minimum number of members required by section 16 of this code, the parties shall, notwithstanding section 29 of this code, either exercise or waive any remaining peremptory challenge, not previously waived, against the remaining members of the court before additional members are detailed to the court.
§15-1E-39. Oaths or Affirmations.
§15-1E-40. Statute of limitations.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this article, a person charged with any offense is not liable to be tried by court-martial or punished under section 15 of this code if the offense was committed more than three years before the receipt of sworn charges and specifications by an officer exercising court-martial jurisdiction over the command or before the imposition of punishment under section fourteen of this code.
(d) When the United States is at war, the running of any statute of limitations applicable to any offense under this code:
(4) Is suspended until two years after the termination of hostilities as proclaimed by the President or by a joint resolution of Congress.
(e) (1) If charges or specifications are dismissed as defective or insufficient for any cause and the period prescribed by the applicable statute of limitations:
§15-1E-41. Former jeopardy.
§15-1E-42. Pleas of the accused.
(a)If an accused after arraignment makes an irregular pleading, or after a plea of guilty sets up matter inconsistent with the plea, or if it appears that the accused has entered the plea of guilty improvidently or through lack of understanding of its meaning and effect, or if the accused fails or refuses to plead, a plea of not guilty shall be entered in the record, and the court shall proceed as though the accused had pleaded not guilty.
§15-1E-43. Opportunity to obtain witnesses and other evidence.
The trial counsel, the defense counsel, and the court-martial shall have equal opportunity to obtain witnesses and other evidence as prescribed by regulations and provided by law. Process issued in court-martial cases to compel witnesses to appear and testify and to compel the production of other evidence shall apply the principles of law and the rules of courts-martial generally recognized in military criminal cases in the courts of the Armed Forces of the United States, but which may not be contrary to or inconsistent with this code. Process shall run to any part of the United States, or the Territories, Commonwealths, and possessions, and may be executed by civil officers as prescribed by the laws of the place where the witness or evidence is located or of the United States.
§15-1E-44. Refusal to appear or testify.
(a)Any person not subject to this code who:
§15-1E-45. Contempts.
(1) A person subject to this code may be punished for contempt by confinement not to exceed thirty days or a fine of $100, or both.
(2) A person not subject to this code may be punished for contempt by a military court in the same manner as a criminal court of the state.
§15-1E-46. Depositions.
(a) At any time after charges have been signed as provided in section 27 of this code, any party may take oral or written depositions unless the military judge or summary court-martial officer hearing the case or, if the case is not being heard, an authority competent to convene a court-martial for the trial of those charges forbids it for good cause.
§15-1E-47. Admissibility of records of courts of inquiry.
§15-1E-47a. Defense of lack of mental responsibility.
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 52 of this code, the accused shall be found not guilty only by reason of lack of mental responsibility if:
§15-1E-48. Voting and rulings.
(b) The military judge shall rule upon all questions of law and all interlocutory questions arising during the proceedings. Any such ruling made by the military judge upon any question of law or any interlocutory question other than the factual issue of mental responsibility of the accused is final and constitutes the ruling of the court. However, the military judge may change the ruling at any time during the trial. Unless the ruling is final, if any member objects thereto, the court shall be cleared and closed and the question decided by a voice vote as provided in section forty-nine of this code, beginning with the junior in rank.
§15-1E-49. Number of votes required.
(a) No person may be convicted of an offense except as provided in section forty-two of this code or by the concurrence of two thirds of the members present at the time the vote is taken.
§15-1E-50. Court to announce action.
§15-1E-51. Record of trial.
(b) A complete verbatim record of the proceedings and testimony shall be prepared in each general and special court-martial case resulting in a conviction.
(c) In all other court-martial cases, the record shall contain such matters as may be prescribed by regulations.
(d) Each summary court-martial shall keep a separate record of the proceedings in each case, and the record shall be authenticated in the manner as may be prescribed by regulations.
(e) A copy of the record of the proceedings of each general and special court-martial shall be given to the accused as soon as it is authenticated.
§15-1E-52. Cruel and unusual punishments prohibited.
Punishment by flogging, or by branding, marking, or tattooing on the body, or any other cruel or unusual punishment may not be adjudged by a court-martial or inflicted upon any person subject to this code. The use of irons, single or double, except for the purpose of safe custody, is prohibited.
§15-1E-53. Maximum limits.
(a)The punishment which a court-martial may direct for an offense may not exceed such limits as prescribed by this code, but in no instance may a sentence exceed more than ten years for a military offense, nor shall a sentence of death be adjudged. A conviction by general court-martial of any military offense for which an accused may receive a sentence of confinement for more than one year is a felony offense. Except for convictions by a summary court-martial, all other military offenses are misdemeanors. Any conviction by a summary court-martial is not a criminal conviction.
(b) The limits of punishment for violations of the punitive articles prescribed herein shall be lesser of the sentences prescribed by the manual for courts-martial of the United States in effect on January 1, 2004, and the state manual for courts-martial, but in no instance shall any punishment exceed that authorized by this code.
§15-1E-54. Effective date of sentences.
§15-1E-54a. Deferment of sentences.
(c) In any case in which a court-martial sentences an accused to confinement and the sentence to confinement has been ordered executed, but in which review of the case under section 67(a) of this code is pending, The Adjutant General may defer further service of the sentence to confinement while that review is pending.
§15-1E-55. Execution of confinement.
(b) The omission of 'hard labor' as a sentence authorized under this code does not deprive the state confinement facility from employing it, if it otherwise is within the authority of that facility to do so.
§15-1E-55a. Sentences: reduction in enlisted grade upon approval.
(a) A court-martial sentence of an enlisted member in a pay grade above E-1, as approved by the convening authority, that includes a dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge or confinement
§15-1E-55b. Sentences: forfeiture of pay and allowances during confinement.
(a)(1) A court-martial sentence described in paragraph (2) shall result in the forfeiture of pay, or of pay and allowances, due that member during any period of confinement or parole. The forfeiture pursuant to this section shall take effect on the date determined under section fifty-four-a of this code and may be deferred as provided by that article. The pay and allowances forfeited, in the case of a general court-martial, shall be all pay and allowances due that member during such period and, in the case of a special court-martial, shall be two-thirds of all pay due that member during such period.
(b) In a case involving an accused who has dependents, the convening authority or other person acting under section fifty-seven of this code may waive any or all of the forfeitures of pay and allowances required by subsection (a) for a period not to exceed six months. Any amount of pay or allowances that, except for a waiver under this subsection, would be forfeited shall be paid, as the convening authority or other person taking action directs, to the dependents of the accused.
§15-1E-56. Error of law; lesser included offense.
§15-1E-57. Action by the convening authority.
(2) If the accused shows that additional time is required for the accused to submit such matters, the convening authority or other person taking action under this article, for good cause, may extend the applicable period under paragraph (1) for not more than an additional twenty days.
(4) The accused may waive the right to make a submission to the convening authority under paragraph (1). Such a waiver must be made in writing and may not be revoked. For the purposes of subsection (c)(2), the time within which the accused may make a submission under this subsection shall be deemed to have expired upon the submission of such a waiver to the convening authority.
(c)(1) The authority under this section to modify the findings and sentence of a court-martial is a matter of command prerogative involving the sole discretion of the convening authority. If it is impractical for the convening authority to act, the convening authority shall forward the case to a person exercising general court-martial jurisdiction who may take action under this article.
(B) Reconsider a finding of not guilty of any charge, unless there has been a finding of guilty under a specification laid under that charge, which sufficiently alleges a violation of some section of this code; or
§15-1E-58. Withdrawal of appeal.
(a) In each case subject to appellate review under this code, the accused may file with the convening authority a statement expressly withdrawing the right of the accused to such appeal. Such a withdrawal shall be signed by both the accused and his or her defense counsel and must be filed in accordance with appellate procedures as provided by law.
§15-1E-59. Appeal by the state.
(b) An appeal under this section shall be forwarded to the court prescribed in section 67a of this code. In ruling on an appeal under this article, that court may act only with respect to matters of law.
§15-1E-60. Rehearings.
Each rehearing under this code shall take place before a court- martial composed of members not members of the court-martial which first heard the case. Upon a rehearing the accused may not be tried for any offense of which he or she was found not guilty by the first court-martial, and no sentence in excess of or more severe than the original sentence may be approved, unless the sentence is based upon a finding of guilty of an offense not considered upon the merits in the original proceedings, or unless the sentence prescribed for the offense is mandatory. If the sentence approved after the first court-martial was in accordance with a pretrial agreement and the accused at the rehearing changes a plea with respect to the charges or specifications upon which the pretrial agreement was based, or otherwise does not comply with the pretrial agreement, the approved sentence as to those charges or specifications may include any punishment not in excess of that lawfully adjudged at the first court-martial.
§15-1E-61. Review by the senior force judge advocate.
(a) Each general and special court-martial case in which there has been a finding of guilty shall be reviewed by the senior force judge advocate, or a designee. The senior force judge advocate, or designee, may not review a case under this subsection if that person has acted in the same case as an accuser, investigating officer, member of the court, military judge, or counsel or has otherwise acted on behalf of the prosecution or defense. The senior force judge advocate 's review shall be in writing and shall contain the following:
(1) Conclusions as to whether: (A) The court had jurisdiction over the accused and the offense;
(2) The sentence approved under section 60(c) of this code extends to dismissal, a bad-conduct or dishonorable discharge, or confinement for more than six months; or
§15-1E-62. Disposition of records after review by the convening authority.
§15-1E-63. Review by State Appellate Authority.
§15-1E-64. Appellate counsel.
(a) The senior force judge advocate shall detail a judge advocate as appellate government counsel to represent the state in the review or appeal of cases specified in section 67a of this code and before any federal court when requested to do so by the state Attorney General. Appellate government counsel must be a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of the state to which the appeal is taken.
§15-1E-65. Execution of sentence; suspension of sentence.
(a) If the sentence of the court-martial extends to dismissal or a dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge and if the right of the accused to appellate review is not waived, and an appeal is not withdrawn under section fifty-eight of this code, that part of the sentence extending to dismissal or a dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge may not be executed until there is a final judgment as to the legality of the proceedings. A judgment as to the legality of the proceedings is final in such cases when review is completed by an appellate court prescribed in section 67a of this code, and is deemed final by the law of state where the judgment was had.
(b) If the sentence of the court-martial extends to dismissal or a dishonorable or bad conduct discharge and if the right of the accused to appellate review is waived, or an appeal is withdrawn under section fifty-eight of this code, that part of the sentence extending to dismissal or a dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge may not be executed until review of the case by the senior force judge advocate and any action on that review under section 64 of this code is completed. Any other part of a court-martial sentence may be ordered executed by the convening authority or other person acting on the case under section fifty-seven of this code when so approved under that article.
§15-1E-66. Vacation of suspension.
§15-1E-67. Petition for a new trial.
§15-1E-68. Remission and suspension.
§15-1E-69. Restoration.
§15-1E-70. Finality of proceedings, findings, and sentences.
The appellate review of records of trial provided by this code, the proceedings, findings, and sentences of courts-martial as approved, reviewed, or affirmed as required by this code, and all dismissals and discharges carried into execution under sentences by courts-martial following approval, review, or affirmation as required by this code, are final and conclusive. Orders publishing the proceedings of courts-martial and all action taken pursuant to those proceedings are binding upon all departments, courts, agencies, and officers of the United States and the several states, subject only to action upon a petition for a new trial as provided in section sixty-seven of this code and to action under section 74 of this code.
§15-1E-70a. Leave required to be taken pending review of certain court-martial convictions.
Under regulations prescribed, an accused who has been sentenced by a court-martial may be required to take leave pending completion of action under this section if the sentence, as approved under section fifty-seven of this code, includes an unsuspended dismissal or an unsuspended dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge. The accused may be required to begin such leave on the date on which the sentence is approved under section fifty-seven of this code or at any time after such date, and such leave may be continued until the date on which action under this section is completed or may be terminated at any earlier time.
§15-1E-70b. Lack of mental capacity or mental responsibility: commitment of accused for examination and treatment.
(1) In the case of a person determined under this code to be presently suffering from a mental disease or defect rendering the person mentally incompetent to the extent that the person is unable to understand the nature of the proceedings against that person or to conduct or cooperate intelligently in the defense of the case, the general court-martial convening authority for that person shall commit the person to the custody of the Department of Health and Human Resources.
(3)(A) When the director of a facility in which a person is hospitalized pursuant to paragraph (2) determines that the person has recovered to such an extent that the person is able to understand the nature of the proceedings against the person and to conduct or cooperate intelligently in the defense of the case, the director shall promptly transmit a notification of that determination to the Department of Health and Human Resources and to the general court-martial convening authority for the person. The director shall send a copy of the notification to the person's counsel.
(B) Upon receipt of a notification, the general court-martial convening authority shall promptly take custody of the person unless the person covered by the notification is no longer subject to this code. If the person is no longer subject to this code, the Department of Health and Human Resources shall take any action within the authority of the Department of Health and Human Resources that the Department of Health and Human Resources considers appropriate regarding the person.
(C) The director of the facility may retain custody of the person for not more than thirty days after transmitting the notifications required by subparagraph (4)(A).
(4) In the application of the state statute applicable to persons incompetent to stand trial to a case under this subsection, references to the court that ordered the commitment of a person, and to the clerk of such court, shall be deemed to refer to the general court-martial convening authority for that person. However, if the person is no longer subject to this code at a time relevant to the application of such section to the person, the state trial court with felony jurisdiction in the county where the person is hospitalized or otherwise may be found shall be considered as the court that ordered the commitment of the person.
(4) If the court-martial fails to find by the standard specified in the state statute applicable to persons incompetent to stand trial. that the person's release would not create a substantial risk of bodily injury to another person or serious damage of property of another due to a present mental disease or defect:
(A) The general court-martial convening authority may commit the person to the custody of the Department of Health and Human Resources ; and
(5) The state statute applicable to persons incompetent to stand trial, shall apply in the case of a person hospitalized pursuant to subparagraph (4)(B), except that the state trial court with felony jurisdiction in the county where the person is hospitalized shall be considered as the court that ordered the person's commitment.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection and subsection (d)(1), the state statute most closely comparable to 18 U.S.C. 4247(d), apply in the administration of this article.
(2) In the application of the state statute most closely comparable to 18 U.S.C. 4247(d), to hearings conducted by a court- martial under this section or by order of a general court-martial convening authority under this article, the reference in that article to article 3006A of such title does not apply.
(2) If the status of a person as described in section 2 terminates while the person is, pursuant to this article, in the custody of the Department of Health and Human Resources , hospitalized, or on conditional release under a prescribed regimen of medical, psychiatric, or psychological care or treatment, the provisions of this section establishing requirements and procedures regarding a person no longer subject to this code shall continue to apply to that person notwithstanding the change of status.
§15-1E-71. Principals.
Any person subject to this code is a principal who:
(2) Causes an act to be done which if directly performed by him or her would be punishable by this code.
§15-1E-72. Accessory after the fact.
Any person subject to this code who, knowing that an offense punishable by this code has been committed, receives, comforts, or assists the offender in order to hinder or prevent his or her apprehension, trial, or punishment shall be punished as a court- martial may direct.
§15-1E-73. Conviction of lesser included offense.
§15-1E-74. Attempts.
§15-1E-75. Conspiracy.
§15-1E-76. Solicitation.
(a) Any person subject to this code who solicits or advises another or others to desert in violation of section seventy-nine of this code or mutiny in violation of section eighty-eight of this code shall, if the offense solicited or advised is attempted or committed, be punished with the punishment provided for the commission of the offense, but, if the offense solicited or advised is not committed or attempted, the person shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
(b) Any person subject to this code who solicits or advises another or others to commit an act of misbehavior before the enemy in violation of section ninety-three of this code or sedition in violation of section eighty-eight of this code shall, if the offense solicited or advised is committed, be punished with the punishment provided for the commission of the offense, but, if the offense solicited or advised is not committed, the person shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-77. Fraudulent enlistment, appointment, or separation.
§15-1E-78. Unlawful enlistment, appointment, or separation.
Any person subject to this code who effects an enlistment or appointment in or a separation from the state military forces of any person who is known to him or her to be ineligible for that enlistment, appointment, or separation because it is prohibited by law, regulation, or order shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-79. Desertion.
§15-1E-80. Absence without leave.
Any person subject to this code who, without authority -
§15-1E-81. Missing movement.
Any person subject to this code who through neglect or design misses the movement of a ship, aircraft, or unit with which he or she is required in the course of duty to move shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-82. Contempt toward officials.
§15-1E-83. Disrespect toward superior commissioned officer.
§15-1E-84. Assaulting or willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer.
§15-1E-85. Insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer.
§15-1E-86. Failure to obey order or regulation.
§15-1E-87. Cruelty and maltreatment.
Any person subject to this code who is guilty of cruelty toward, or oppression or maltreatment of, any person subject to his orders shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-88. Mutiny or sedition.
§15-1E-89. Resistance, flight, breach of arrest, and escape.
§15-1E-90. Releasing prisoner without proper authority.
§15-1E-91. Unlawful detention.
Any person subject to this code who, except as provided by law or regulation, apprehends, arrests, or confines any person shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-92. Noncompliance with procedural rules.
§15-1E-93. Misbehavior before the enemy.
§15-1E-94. Subordinate compelling surrender.
Any person subject to this code who compels or attempts to compel the commander of any of the state military forces of the state, or of any other state, place, vessel, aircraft, or other military property, or of any body of members of the Armed Forces, to give it up to an enemy or to abandon it, or who strikes the colors or flag to an enemy without proper authority, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-95. Improper use of countersign.
Any person subject to this code who in time of war discloses the parole or countersign to any person not entitled to receive it or who gives to another, who is entitled to receive and use the parole or countersign, a different parole or countersign from that which, to his knowledge, he was authorized and required to give, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-96. Forcing a safeguard.
§15-1E-97. Captured or abandoned property.
(a) All persons subject to this code shall secure all public property taken for the service of the United States or the state, and shall give notice and turn over to the proper authority without delay all captured or abandoned property in their possession, custody, or control.
§15-1E-98. Aiding the enemy.
§15-1E-99. Misconduct as prisoner.
(2) While in a position of authority over such persons maltreats them without justifiable cause:
§15-1E-100. False official statements.
Any person subject to this code who, with intent to deceive, signs any false record, return, regulation, order, or other official document made in the line of duty, knowing it to be false, or makes any other false official statement made in the line of duty, knowing it to be false, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-101. Military property - Loss, damage, destruction, or wrongful disposition.
§15-1E-102. Property other than military property - Waste, spoilage, or destruction.
Any person subject to this code who willfully or recklessly wastes, spoils, or otherwise willfully and wrongfully destroys or damages any property other than military property of the United States or of any state shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-103. Improper hazarding of vessel.
(b) Any person subject to this code who negligently hazards or suffers to be hazarded any vessel of the Armed Forces of the United States or any state military forces shall be punished as a court- martial may direct.
§15-1E-104. Drunk on duty.
Any person subject to this code other than a sentinel or lookout, who is found drunk on duty, shall be punished as a court- martial may direct.
§15-1E-104a. Wrongful use, possession, etc, of controlled substances.
(2) Any substance not specified in paragraph (1) that is listed on a schedule of controlled substances prescribed by the President for the purposes of the Uniform Code of Military Justice of the Armed Forces of the United States.
(3) Any other substance not specified in paragraph (1) or contained on a list prescribed by the President under paragraph (2) that is listed in schedules I through V of article 202 of the Controlled Substances Act 21 U.S.C. § 812.
§15-1E-105. Misbehavior of sentinel.
§15-1E-106. Dueling.
Any person subject to this code who fights or promotes, or is concerned in or connives at fighting a duel, or who, having knowledge of a challenge sent or about to be sent, fails to report the fact promptly to the proper authority, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
§15-1E-107. Malingering.
Any person subject to this code who for the purpose of avoiding work, duty, or service:
§15-1E-108. Riot or breach of peace.
§15-1E-109. Provoking speeches or gestures.
§15-1E-110. Frauds against the government.
(1) Who, knowing it to be false or fraudulent -
§15-1E-111. Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman.
§15-1E-112. General article.
Though not specifically mentioned in this code, all disorders and neglects to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the state military forces and all conduct of a nature to bring discredit upon the state military forces shall be taken cognizance of by a court-martial and punished at the discretion of a military court. However, where a crime constitutes an offense that violates both this code and the criminal laws of the state where the offense occurs or criminal laws of the United States, jurisdiction of the military court must be determined in accordance with section two of this code.
§15-1E-113. Courts of inquiry.
§15-1E-114. Authority to administer oaths and to act as notary.
(a)The following persons may administer oaths for the purposes of military administration, including military justice:
§15-1E-115. Articles to be explained.
(a) (1) The articles of this code specified in paragraph three shall be carefully explained to each enlisted member at the time of, or within thirty days after, the member's initial entrance into a duty status with the state military forces.
(3) This subsection applies with respect to articles two, three, seven through fifteen, twenty-five, twenty-seven, thirty-one, thirty-seven, thirty-eight, fifty-five, seventy-seven through one hundred fifteen of this code.
(b)The text of the code and of the regulations prescribed under such code shall be made available to a member of the state military forces, upon request by the member, for the member's personal examination.
§15-1E-116. Complaints of wrongs.
§15-1E-117. Redress of injuries to property.
§15-1E-118. Delegation by the Governor.
The Governor may delegate any authority vested in the Governor under this code, and provide for the sub delegation of any such authority, except the power given the Governor by section twenty-one of this code.
§15-1E-119. Payment of fees, costs and expenses.
(b) For the foregoing purposes, there is created in the State Treasury a fund to be designated the military justice fund that shall be administered by the Adjutant General, from which expenses of military justice shall be paid in the amounts and manner as prescribed by law. The Legislature may appropriate and have deposited in the military justice fund such funds as it deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this code.
§15-1E-120. Payment of fines and disposition thereof.
(b) Unless otherwise required by law, a military court may collect a portion of any costs or fines at the time the amount is imposed by the court so long as the court requires the balance to be paid in accordance with a payment plan which specifies: (1) The number of payments to be made; (2) the dates on which the payments are due; and (3) the amounts due for each payment. The written agreement represents the minimum payments and the last date those payments may be made. The obligor or the obligor's agent may accelerate the payment schedule at any time by paying any additional portion of any costs or fines.
§15-1E-121. Uniformity of interpretation.
This code shall be so construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make it uniform, so far as practical, with the Uniform Code of Military Justice, chapter 47 of title 10, United States Code.
§15-1E-122. Immunity for action of military courts.
All persons acting under the provisions of this code, whether as a member of the military or as a civilian, shall be immune from any personal liability for any of the acts or omissions which they did or failed to do as part of their duties under this code.
§15-1E-123. Severability.
The provisions of this code are hereby declared to be severable and if any provision of this code or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance is declared invalid for any reason, such declaration shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this code.
§15-1E-124. Short Title.
This act may be cited as the Uniform State Code of Military Justice (USCMJ)."
§15-1E-125. Time of taking effect.
§15-1E-126. Supersedes existing state military justice codes.
NOTE: The purpose of this bill is to adopt the Uniform State Military Code of Justice into West Virginia law.
§15-1E-117, §15-1E-118, §15-1E-119, §15-1E-120, §15-1E-121, §15-1E-122, §15-1E-123, §15-1E-124, §15-1E-125 and §15-1E-126 are new; therefore, it has been completely underscored.
§15-1E-1, §15-1E-2, §15-1E-3, §15-1E-4, §15-1E-5, §15-1E-6, §15-1E-7, §15-1E-8, §15-1E-9, §15-1E-10, §15-1E-11, §15-1E-12, §15- 1E-13, §15-1E-14, §15-1E-15, §15-1E-16, §15-1E-17, §15-1E-18, §15- 1E-19, §15-1E-20, §15-1E-21, §15-1E-22, §15-1E-23, §15-1E-24, §15- 1E-25, §15-1E-26, §15-1E-27, §15-1E-28, §15-1E-29, §15-1E-30, §15- 1E-31, §15-1E-32, §15-1E-33, §15-1E-34, §15-1E-35, §15-1E-36, §15- 1E-37, §15-1E-38, §15-1E-39, §15-1E-40, §15-1E-41, §15-1E-42, §15- 1E-43, §15-1E-44, §15-1E-45, §15-1E-46, §15-1E-47, §15-1E-47a, §15- 1E-48, §15-1E-49, §15-1E-50, §15-1E-51, §15-1E-52, §15-1E-53, §15- 1E-54, §15-1E-54a, §15-1E-55, §15-1E-55a, §15-1E-55b, §15-1E-56, §15-1E-57, §15-1E-58, §15-1E-59, §15-1E-60, §15-1E-61, §15-1E-62, §15-1E-63, §15-1E-64, §15-1E-65, §15-1E-66, §15-1E-67, §15-1E-68, §15-1E-69, §15-1E-70, §15-1E-70a, §15-1E-70b, §15-1E-71, §15-1E-72, §15-1E-73, §15-1E-74, §15-1E-75, §15-1E-76, §15-1E-77, §15-1E-78, §15-1E-79, §15-1E-80, §15-1E-81, §15-1E-82, §15-1E-83, §15-1E-84, §15-1E-85, §15-1E-86, §15-1E-87, §15-1E-88, §15-1E-89, §15-1E-90, §15-1E-91, §15-1E-92, §15-1E-93, §15-1E-94, §15-1E-95, §15-1E-96, §15-1E-97, §15-1E-98, §15-1E-99, §15-1E-100, §15-1E-101, §15-1E-102, §15-1E-103, §15-1E-104, §15-1E-104a, §15-1E-105, §15-1E-106, §15-1E-107, §15-1E-108, §15-1E-109, §15-1E-110, §15-1E-111, §15-1E-112, §15-1E-113, §15-1E-114, §15-1E-115 and §15-1E-116 have been completely rewritten; therefore, it has been completely underscored.