Source: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/281?qt-us_code_tabs=2
Timestamp: 2014-09-01 18:59:21
Document Index: 401744415

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 281', '§ 281', '§ 281', '§ 401', '§ 2', '§ 2', '§ 101', '§ 2613', '§ 121', '§ 1501', '§ 13', '§ 101', '§ 212', '§ 601', '§ 101', '§ 3', '§ 101', '§ 1', '§ 10334', '§ 221', '§ 221', '§ 221', '§ 101', '§ 108', '§ 101', '§ 101', '§ 101', '§ 101', '§ 101', '§ 101', '§ 212', '§ 101', '§ 601', '§ 1511', '§ 1501', '§ 1511', '§ 109', '§ 603', 'art 6', '§ 287', '§ 102', '§ 7', '§ 1904', '§ 5', '§ 312', '§ 9']

42 U.S. Code § 281 - Organization of National Institutes of Health | LII / Legal Information Institute
U.S. Code › Title 42 › Chapter 6A › Subchapter III › Part A › § 281 42 U.S. Code § 281 - Organization of National Institutes of Health
Relation to Public Health Service The National Institutes of Health is an agency of the Service.
National research institutes and national centers The following agencies of the National Institutes of Health are national research institutes or national centers:
The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities.
Any other national center that, as an agency separate from any national research institute, was established within the National Institutes of Health as of the day before January 15, 2007.
Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives (1)
In general Within the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health, there shall be a Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives (referred to in this subsection as the “Division”).
Offices within Division (A)
Offices The following offices are within the Division: The Office of AIDS Research, the Office of Research on Women’s Health, the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the Office of Disease Prevention, the Office of Dietary Supplements, and any other office located within the Office of the Director of NIH as of the day before January 15, 2007. In addition to such offices, the Director of NIH may establish within the Division such additional offices or other administrative units as the Director determines to be appropriate.
Authorities Each office in the Division—
shall continue to carry out the authorities that were in effect for the office before January 15, 2007; and
shall, as determined appropriate by the Director of NIH, support the Division with respect to the authorities described in section 282
Number of institutes and centers In the National Institutes of Health, the number of national research institutes and national centers may not exceed a total of 27, including any such institutes or centers established under authority of paragraph (2) or under authority of this subchapter as in effect on the day before January 15, 2007.
Reorganization of institutes (A)
In general The Secretary may establish in the National Institutes of Health one or more additional national research institutes to conduct and support research, training, health information, and other programs with respect to any particular disease or groups of diseases or any other aspect of human health if—
the Secretary determines that an additional institute is necessary to carry out such activities; and
the additional institute is not established before the expiration of 180 days after the Secretary has provided the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate written notice of the determination made under clause (i) with respect to the institute.
Additional authority The Secretary may reorganize the functions of any national research institute and may abolish any national research institute if the Secretary determines that the institute is no longer required. A reorganization or abolition may not take effect under this paragraph before the expiration of 180 days after the Secretary has provided the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate written notice of the reorganization or abolition.
Reorganization of Office of Director Notwithstanding subsection (c), the Director of NIH may, after a series of public hearings, and with the approval of the Secretary, reorganize the offices within the Office of the Director, including the addition, removal, or transfer of functions of such offices, and the establishment or termination of such offices, if the Director determines that the overall management and operation of programs and activities conducted or supported by such offices would be more efficiently carried out under such a reorganization.
Internal reorganization of institutes and centers Notwithstanding any conflicting provisions of this subchapter, the director of a national research institute or a national center may, after a series of public hearings and with the approval of the Director of NIH, reorganize the divisions, centers, or other administrative units within such institute or center, including the addition, removal, or transfer of functions of such units, and the establishment or termination of such units, if the director of such institute or center determines that the overall management and operation of programs and activities conducted or supported by such divisions, centers, or other units would be more efficiently carried out under such a reorganization.
Scientific Management Review Board for periodic organizational reviews (1)
In general Not later than 60 days after January 15, 2007, the Secretary shall establish an advisory council within the National Institutes of Health to be known as the Scientific Management Review Board (referred to in this subsection as the “Board”).
Reports on organizational issues The Board shall provide advice to the appropriate officials under subsection (d) regarding the use of the authorities established in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of such subsection to reorganize the National Institutes of Health (referred to in this subsection as “organizational authorities”). Not less frequently than once each 7 years, the Board shall—
Certain responsibilities regarding reports The activities of the Board with respect to a report under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
Reviewing the research portfolio of the National Institutes of Health (referred to in this subsection as “NIH”) in order to determine the progress and effectiveness and value of the portfolio and the allocation among the portfolio activities of the resources of NIH.
taking into account historical funding and support for research activities at national research institutes and centers that have been established recently relative to national research institutes and centers that have been in existence for more than two decades;
estimating the level of resources needed to implement the proposed changes;
assuming the proposed changes will be made and making a recommendation for the allocation of the resources of NIH among the national research institutes and national centers; and
analyzing the consequences for the progress of research in the areas affected by the proposed changes.
Consultation In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Board shall consult with—
Composition of Board The Board shall consist of the Director of NIH, who shall be a permanent nonvoting member on an ex officio basis, and an odd number of additional members, not to exceed 21, all of whom shall be voting members. The voting members of the Board shall be the following:
Chair The Chair of the Board shall be selected by the Secretary from among the members of the Board appointed under paragraph (3)(B). The term of office of the Chair shall be 2 years.
In general The Board shall meet at the call of the Chair or upon the request of the Director of NIH, but not fewer than 5 times with respect to issuing any particular report under paragraph (2)(A). The location of the meetings of the Board is subject to the approval of the Director of NIH.
Particular forums Of the meetings held under subparagraph (A) with respect to a report under paragraph (2)(A)—
Availability of information from forums For each meeting under subparagraph (B), the Director of NIH shall post on the Internet site of the National Institutes of Health a summary of the proceedings.
Compensation; term of office The provisions of subsections (b)(4) and (c) ofsection 284a of this title apply with respect to the Board to the same extent and in the same manner as such provisions apply with respect to an advisory council referred to in such subsections, except that the reference in such subsection (c) to 4 years regarding the term of an appointed member is deemed to be a reference to 5 years.
Recommendations for changes Each report under paragraph (2)(A) shall be submitted to—
the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives;
the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
Availability to public The Director of NIH shall post each report under paragraph (2) on the Internet site of the National Institutes of Health.
Report on Board activities Not later than 18 months after January 15, 2007, the Board shall submit to the committees specified in subparagraph (A) a report describing the activities of the Board.
Organizational changes per recommendation of Scientific Management Review Board (1)
In general With respect to an official who has organizational authorities within the meaning of subsection (e)(2)(A), if a recommendation to the official for an organizational change is made in a report under such subsection, the official shall, except as provided in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection, make the change in accordance with the following:
Inapplicability to certain reorganizations Paragraph (1) does not apply to a recommendation made in a report under subsection (e)(2)(A) if the recommendation is for—
an organizational change under subsection (d)(2) that constitutes the establishment, termination, or consolidation of one or more national research institutes or national centers; or
an organizational change under subsection (d)(3).
Objection by Director of NIH (A)
In general Paragraph (1) does not apply to a recommendation for an organizational change made in a report under subsection (e)(2)(A) if, not later than 90 days after the report is submitted under subsection (e)(7)(A), the Director of NIH submits to the committees specified in such subsection a report providing that the Director objects to the change, which report includes the reasons underlying the objection.
Scope of objection For purposes of subparagraph (A), an objection by the Director of NIH may be made to the entirety of a recommended organizational change or to 1 or more aspects of the change. Any aspect of a change not objected to by the Director in a report under subparagraph (A) shall be implemented in accordance with paragraph (1).
Congressional review An organizational change under subsection (d)(2) that is initiated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be carried out by regulation in accordance with the procedures for substantive rules under section 553 of title 5. A rule under the preceding sentence shall be considered a major rule for purposes of chapter 8 of such title (relating to congressional review of agency rulemaking).
Definitions For purposes of this subchapter:
The term “Director of NIH” means the Director of the National Institutes of Health.
The terms “national research institute” and “national center” mean an agency of the National Institutes of Health that is—
References to NIH For purposes of this subchapter, a reference to the National Institutes of Health includes its agencies.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 401, as added Pub. L. 99–158, § 2,Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 822; amended Pub. L. 100–553, § 2(1),Oct. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 2769; Pub. L. 100–607, title I, § 101(1),Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3048; Pub. L. 100–690, title II, § 2613(b)(2),Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4238; Pub. L. 102–321, title I, § 121(a),July 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 358; Pub. L. 103–43, title XV, §§ 1501(1), 1511(b)(1), 1521
(1),June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 172, 179, 180; Pub. L. 103–417, § 13(b),Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4335; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title II, § 212, title VI, § 601(k)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–359, 2681–388; Pub. L. 106–525, title I, § 101(b)(1),Nov. 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2501; Pub. L. 106–580, § 3(e),Dec. 29, 2000, 114 Stat. 3091; Pub. L. 109–482, title I, §§ 101(a), (b), 108
(a),Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3675, 3676, 3697; Pub. L. 110–154, § 1(b)(1),Dec. 21, 2007, 121 Stat. 1827; Pub. L. 111–148, title X, § 10334(c)(3)(A),Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 974; Pub. L. 112–74, div. F, title II, § 221(a)(2), (c)(2)(B),Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1087, 1089.)
2011—Subsec. (b)(21). Pub. L. 112–74, § 221(a)(2), substituted “National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences” for “National Center for Research Resources”.
Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112–74, § 221(c)(2)(B), struck out “the Office of Rare Diseases,” after “the Office of Dietary Supplements,”.
2010—Subsec. (b)(24). Pub. L. 111–148substituted “Institute” for “Center”.
2007—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 110–154substituted “Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development” for “National Institute of Child Health and Human Development”.
Pub. L. 109–482, § 101(a), reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally, substituting provisions consisting of subsecs. (a) to (d)(1) for former subsecs. (a) to (d) which related to: in subsec. (a), relationship to Public Health Service; in subsec. (b), list of national research institutes that were agencies; in subsec. (c), establishment of additional institutes and reorganization or abolition of institutes; and, in subsec. (d), definition of “national research institute”. See below.
Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–482, § 108(a), added after subsec. (d)(1) provisions identical to text of subsec. (c) prior to amendment by Pub. L. 109–482, § 101(a), redesignated such provisions as par. (2), added par. heading, redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, added subpar. headings, in subpar. (A), redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, in cl. (ii), substituted “Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions” for “Labor and Human Resources” and “clause (i)” for “subparagraph (A)”, and, in subpar. (B), substituted “Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions” for “Labor and Human Resources”.
Subsec. (d)(3), (4). Pub. L. 109–482, § 101(b)(1), added pars. (3) and (4).
Subsecs. (e) to (h). Pub. L. 109–482, § 101(b)(2), added subsecs. (e) to (h).
2000—Subsec. (b)(1)(R). Pub. L. 106–580added subpar. (R).
Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 106–525, § 101(b)(1)(A), realigned margins.
Subsec. (b)(2)(G). Pub. L. 106–525, § 101(b)(1)(B), added subpar. (G).
1998—Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title II, § 212], substituted “National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research” for “National Institute of Dental Research”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VI, § 601(k)], added subpar. (F).
1994—Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 103–417added subpar. (E).
1993—Subsec. (b)(1)(Q). Pub. L. 103–43, § 1511(b)(1)(A), added subpar. (Q).
Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–43, § 1501(1), amended subpar. (B) generally, substituting “National Center for Research Resources” for “Division of Research Resources”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 103–43, §§ 1511(b)(1)(B), 1521
(1), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: “The National Center for Nursing Research.”
1992—Subsec. (b)(1)(N) to (P). Pub. L. 102–321added subpars. (N) to (P).
1988—Subsec. (b)(1)(J), (M). Pub. L. 100–553and Pub. L. 100–607made identical amendments, striking out “and Communicative” after “Neurological” in subpar. (J), and adding subpar. (M). Pub. L. 100–690amended subsec. (b)(1) to read as if the amendments by Pub. L. 100–607had not been enacted.
Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 109,Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3697, provided that: “This title [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this title apply only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years.”
Pub. L. 106–525, title VI, § 603,Nov. 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2511, provided that: “This Act [enacting subpart 6 (§ 287c–31 et seq.) of part E of this subchapter and sections 293e, 296e–1, and 299a–1 of this title, amending sections 281, 296f, 299a, 299c–6, and 300u–6 of this title, repealing section 283b of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 201, 287c–31, 293e, and 3501 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act take effect October 1, 2000, or upon the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 22, 2000], whichever occurs later.”
Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 102(g),Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3685, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this Act may not be construed as affecting the authorities of the national research institutes and national centers that were in effect under the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.] on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 15, 2007], subject to the authorities of the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Director of NIH under section 401 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 281] (as amended by section 101 of this Act). For purposes of the preceding sentence, the terms ‘national research institute’, ‘national center’, and ‘Director of NIH’ have the meanings given such terms in such section 401.”
Study of the Use of Centers of Excellence at the National Institutes of Health
Pub. L. 107–84, § 7,Dec. 18, 2001, 115 Stat. 829, required the Secretary of Health and Human Services to contract, not later than 60 days after Dec. 18, 2001, with the Institute of Medicine to conduct a study on the impact of, need for, and other issues associated with Centers of Excellence at the National Institutes of Health and complete the study and submit a report not later than one year after the date of the contract.
Report on Medical Uses of Biological Agents in Development of Defenses Against Biological Warfare
Pub. L. 103–43, title XIX, § 1904,June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 203, directed Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with Secretary of Defense and with heads of other appropriate executive agencies, to report to Congress, not later than 12 months after June 10, 1993, on the appropriateness and impact of the National Institutes of Health assuming responsibility for the conduct of all Federal research, development, testing, and evaluation functions relating to medical countermeasures against biowarfare threat agents.
Research on Lupus Erythematosus
Pub. L. 99–158, § 5,Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 880, as amended by Pub. L. 102–531, title III, § 312(f),Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3506, directed Secretary of Health and Human Resources to establish a Lupus Erythematosus Coordinating Committee to plan, develop, coordinate, and implement comprehensive Federal initiatives in research on Lupus Erythematosus, provided for composition of committee and meetings, and directed Committee to prepare a report for Congress on its activities, to be submitted not later than 18 months after Nov. 20, 1985, with Committee to terminate one month after the report was submitted.
Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities
Pub. L. 99–158, § 9,Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 882, directed Director of the National Institutes of Health, not later than 90 days after Nov. 20, 1985, to establish an Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities to review and assess Federal research priorities, activities, and findings regarding learning disabilities (including central nervous system dysfunction in children), provided for composition of the Committee, directed Committee to report to Congress on its activities not later than 18 months after Nov. 20, 1985, and provided that the Committee terminate 90 days after submission of the report.