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[BS EN 62086-1-2005] -- Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres. Electrical resistance trace heating . General and testing requirements.pdf | Electrical Wiring | International Electrotechnical Commission
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[BS EN 62086-1-2005] -- Electrical apparatus for e...
Democid Elekt Put.u.nista ANTE PORTAS
TRBS-2153.pdf
Darboux Riemann
for explosive gas
atmospheres —
trace heating —
Part 1: General and testing
The European Standard EN 62086-1:2005 has the status of a
62086-1:2005
BS IEC 62086-1:2001
(renumbers BS IEC as
BS EN 62086-1:2005)
BS EN 62086-1:2005
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 62086-1:2005. 
It is identical with IEC 62086-1:2001, including corrigendum February 2003.
GEL/31, Electrical apparatus for use in explosive atmospheres, to
Subcommittee GEL/31/14, Types of protection “e” and “n”, which has the
enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep
Standards Committee and
comes into effect on
the EN foreword page, the IEC title page, pages 2 to 26, an inside back cover
and a back cover.
© BSI 14 March 2006
Changes to Clause 4.4
Renumbers BS IEC 62086-1:2001 as 
ISBN 0 580 37920 5
EN 62086-1
Part 1: General and testing requirements
(IEC 62086-1:2001 + corrigendum 2003)
Matériel électrique pour atmosphères
explosives gazeuses —
Traçage par résistance électrique
Partie 1: Règles générales et d'essais
(CEI 62086-1:2001 + corrigendum 2003)
Elektrische Betriebsmittel für
gasexplosionsgefährdete Bereiche —
Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen und
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2005-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62086-1:2005 E
Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres. The following dates were fixed: – latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-05-01 – latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2008-02-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. __________ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62086-1:2001 and its corrigendum February 2003 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification.EN 62086-1:2005 Foreword The text of the International Standard IEC 62086-1:2001 and its corrigendum February 2003. was submitted to the CENELEC Unique Acceptance Procedure and was approved by CENELEC as EN 62086-1 on 2005-02-01 without any modification. __________ . prepared by IEC TC 31.
EN 62086-1:2005 NORME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Matériel électrique pour atmosphères explosives gazeuses – Traçage par résistance électrique – Partie 1: Règles générales et d'essais Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Electrical resistance trace heating – Part 1: General and testing requirements Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission CEI IEC 62086-1 Première édition First edition 2001-01 .
....................................................... 5 2 Normative references..............15 Figure 3 – Cold bend test – Type test.............................................22 Table 1 – Test voltages for the dielectric test ......................................19 Figure 6 – Verification of sheath temperature using system approach .................................................................................................26 Figure 1 – Flammability test ..................................................................................................10 5 Testing ................................................... 4 Clause 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION .............................................25 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications.......................................................... 5 4 General requirements ...............................................................EN 62086-1:2005 CONTENTS Page FOREWORD .............................13 Figure 2 – Impact test .............................................................................................................................................16 Figure 4 – Moisture resistance test ..........................................................................................12 2 © BSI 14 March 2006 ......................................................................................................................................................................................21 Figure 7 – Maximum sheath temperature using the product classification approach .............................................................................................................................23 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 3 Definitions ..12 6 Marking ................................17 Figure 5 – Verification of rated output – Type test ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
International. as nearly as possible. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees. any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. technical specifications. technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. replaced by a revised edition. 4) In order to promote international unification. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2003. 5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards. governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. International Standard IEC 62086-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 31: Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 31/343/FDIS 31/348/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.EN 62086-1:2005 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ––––––––––– ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR EXPLOSIVE GAS ATMOSPHERES – ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TRACE HEATING – Part 1: General and testing requirements FOREWORD 1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested National Committees. the publication will be • • • • reconfirmed. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form of standards. or amended. To this end and in addition to other activities. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives. the IEC publishes International Standards. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. At this date. 6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. © BSI 14 March 2006 3 . withdrawn. Part 3. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express.
This standard should be read in conjunction with IEC 62086-2: Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Electrical resistance trace heating – Part 2: Application guide for design. ___________ * To be published.EN 62086-1:2005 INTRODUCTION This part of IEC 62086 is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the essential requirements and testing appropriate to electric surface heating equipment used in explosive gas atmospheres. this standard has collated much of this existing work and added considerably to it. The requirements of this standard are considered to be the minimum requirements for zone 1 or zone 2. 4 © BSI 14 March 2006 . While some of this work already exists in national standards or international standards. installation and maintenance * .
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 426: Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres IEC 60079-0:1998. the ambient temperature is the temperature exterior to such thermal insulation © BSI 14 March 2006 5 . However. parallel heating cables or heating pads and heating panels that have been assembled and/or terminated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.1 ambient temperature temperature surrounding the object under consideration. This standard also includes requirements for termination assemblies and control methods used with trace heating. Electrical installations of buildings – Part 3: Assessment of general characteristics 3 Definitions For the purpose of this part of IEC 62086. Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 0: General requirements IEC 60364-3. subsequent amendments to.EN 62086-1:2005 ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR EXPLOSIVE GAS ATMOSPHERES – ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TRACE HEATING – Part 1: General and testing requirements 1 Scope This part of IEC 62086 specifies general and testing requirements for electrical resistance trace heaters for application in explosive gas atmospheres. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.(work-site) assembled units. or revisions of. 3. For undated references. and which may be series heating cables. Where electrical trace heaters are enclosed in thermal insulation. IEC 60050(151):1978. The standard covers trace heaters that may comprise either factory.or field. the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. constitute provisions of this part of IEC 62086. through reference in this text. International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 151: Electrical and magnetic devices IEC 60050(426). The hazardous areas referred to by this standard are those defined in IEC 60079-10. any of these publications do not apply. parties to agreements based on this part of IEC 62086 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. the following definitions as well as the definitions given in IEC 60050(426) and IEC 60079-0 apply. For dated references. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which.
tape or device.3 power termination termination applied to the end of a trace heater at which the power is supplied 3.9 heat loss energy flow from a pipe.7 factory fabricated trace heating cable. including the necessary terminations and connections.3.3 connections (terminations) 3.6 design loading minimum power that will meet the design requirements.3.4 tee electrical connection of trace heaters.EN 62086-1:2005 3.3.2 branch circuit that portion of the wiring installation between the overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the trace heater unit(s) 3. in series or in parallel.1 cold lead electrically insulated conductor or conductors used to connect a trace heater to the branch circuit and designed so that it does not produce significant heat 3.2 end termination termination. to accommodate a tee or branch 3. in the worst conditions. vessel or equipment to its surroundings 6 © BSI 14 March 2006 . assembled into units or sets 3. applied to a trace heater at the end opposite that where the power is supplied 3.5 dead leg segment of process piping segregated from the normal flow pattern for the purpose of providing a heat-loss reference 3. which may be heat producing. after voltage and resistance tolerances and appropriate safety factors have been considered 3.8 field-assembled trace heaters supplied in bulk with terminating components to be assembled at the work site 3.
12 heating pad trace heater comprising series. and/or an electrical earth path 3. 3.16 maximum withstand temperature maximum operating or exposure temperature that will not adversely effect the thermal stability of the heater and its component parts 3.11 heat-transfer aids thermally conductive materials.10 heat sink part that conducts and dissipates heat away from a workpiece NOTE Typical heat sinks are pipe shoes.15 maximum ambient temperature highest ambient temperature at which the trace heating is operable and should perform according to specified requirements 3. fluid and heating system 3.19 operating voltage actual voltage applied to the trace heater when in service 3.13 heating panel non-flexible trace heater comprising series. pipe supports and items of large mass such as valve actuators or pump bodies.14 high-limit temperature maximum allowable temperature of the system. such as metallic foils or heat-transfer compounds used to increase the heat-transfer efficiency from trace heaters to the workpiece 3.EN 62086-1:2005 3.17 metallic covering metal sheath or braid used to provide physical protection for a trace heater. including piping.20 overjacket continuous layer of insulating material applied outside the metallic sheath.or parallel-connected elements fabricated to conform to the general shape of the surface to be heated 3. screen or armouring to protect against corrosion © BSI 14 March 2006 7 .or parallel-connected elements having sufficient flexibility to conform to the shape of the surface to be heated 3.18 minimum ambient temperature lowest ambient temperature specified at which trace heating is operable and performs according to specified requirements (and on which heat-loss calculations are based) 3.
moisture etc. See overjacket. stabilize below the limiting temperature. by design and use.25 series trace heater(s) heating elements electrically connected in series with a single current path and with a specific resistance at a given temperature for a given length 3.29 start-up current current of a trace heater immediately upon energizing 3. without the need for a protective system to limit the temperature 3. under the most unfavourable conditions.26 sheath uniform and continuous metallic or non-metallic outer covering enclosing the heating tape or cable used to provide protection for the cable against influence from the surroundings (corrosion.23 rated voltage voltage to which operating and performance characteristics of trace heaters are referred 3.EN 62086-1:2005 3.21 power density power output in watts per linear metre for trace heater cables and cable units. and in watts per square metre for trace heater pads and panels and trace heater pad and panel units 3.27 sheath temperature temperature of the outermost continuous covering that may be exposed to the surrounding atmosphere 3. 3. which is normally expressed in watts per metre or watts per square metre 3. temperature and length. installation and safe use of the trace heating system 8 © BSI 14 March 2006 .22 rated output total power or power per unit length of heating cable or trace heater.24 routine test test to which each individual device is subjected during or after manufacture to ascertain whether it complies with certain criteria [IEV 151-04-16] 3.30 system documentation information provided by the supplier to allow satisfactory understanding. at rated voltage.28 stabilized design concept where the temperature of the trace heater will.).20 3.
EN 62086-1:2005 3. retards the transfer of heat 3.36 trace heating utilization of electric trace heater cables.34 trace heater device designed for the purpose of producing heat on the principle of electrical resistance and typically composed of one or more metallic conductors or an electrically conductive material. valves. panels and support components. vessels. suitably electrically insulated and protected 3.or gas-filled pockets.37 type test test of one or more devices made to a certain design to show that the design meets certain specifications [IEV 151-04-15] 3. when installed on the outer surface of thermal insulation. instruments and similar equipment.35 trace heater unit (trace heater set) series trace heater cable. void spaces. and from deterioration caused by solar radiation or atmospheric contamination 3. © BSI 14 March 2006 9 .38 weather barrier material that. wind or mechanical abuse.32 temperature sensor (sensing element) device which is designed to respond to temperature providing an electrical signal or mechanical operation 3.31 temperature controller device or combination of devices incorporating a means of sensing temperature and of controlling the power to the trace heater 3. heater pad or heater panel suitably terminated in conformity with the manufacturer’s instructions 3.33 thermal insulation material having air. when properly applied. parallel trace heater cable.39 workpiece object to which a trace heater is applied NOTE Examples include process equipment such as piping. externally applied and used to raise or maintain the temperature of contents in piping. protects the thermal insulation from water or other liquids. or heat-reflecting surfaces that. tanks and associated equipment 3. tanks. pads. from physical damage caused by sleet.
1. Terminations and connections are tested as part of a representative trace heater unit. in which case they are regarded as Ex components in accordance with clause 13 of IEC 60079-0.5. in normal use. c) a means of protecting against earth faults which depend on the type of system earthing (see IEC 60364-3 for definitions). In this standard – resistance trace heaters are not considered to be windings. it poses no danger to the user or the surroundings.4 Circuit protection requirements for branch circuits The minimum requirements for trace heating systems for use in hazardous areas are as follows: a) a means of isolating all line conductors from the supply.10. The materials used in the trace heater shall withstand a temperature of no less than the maximum operating temperature +20 K.1. which is additional to the over-current protection. thermal and mechanical durability and reliable performance so that. see 5.2 Trace heaters Trace heaters shall be provided with a metallic braid or metallic sheath which shall cover at least 70 % of the surface. For the 4 J impact load. b) over-current protection provided for each branch circuit. – clause 7 of IEC 60079-0 does not apply to electrical insulating materials of trace heaters. © BSI 14 March 2006 . the heater shall be marked with the symbol "X". 4. Values of 30 mA and 30 ms are preferred unless there is evidence that this will result in a marked increase in nuisance tripping.1.3 Terminations and connections Terminations and connections may be identified as an integral part of a trace heater. For TT and TN systems: d) a residual-current protective device for each branch circuit having a rated residual operating current not greater than 300 mA. The device shall have a break time not exceeding 150 ms at five times the rated residual operating current. Electrical resistance trace heater and terminations shall comply with one or more of the types of protection listed in IEC 60079-0 and additionally with the requirements of this standard. is to limit the heating effect due to abnormal earth fault and earth leakage currents. c) and d) may be performed by one device.EN 62086-1:2005 4 4. when tested in accordance with 5. b). 4.1 General requirements General Electrical resistance trace heating within the scope of this standard shall be designed and constructed so as to ensure electrical. NOTE 1 The function of this protection. NOTE 2 10 The requirements of a). The manufacturer shall declare the maximum operating temperature in degrees Celsius. 4. or may be identified separately. They shall be capable of withstanding an impact load of 7 J or 4 J when tested in accordance with 5.1.
When multiple trace heaters (especially on pipes with different flow conditions) are grouped together under a single surface-sensing temperature control device. shall be made. and a reset shall only be possible by hand after the previously defined process conditions have returned.2 or the product classification approach specified in 5. provision of adequate monitoring of such annunciation.1.5. 4.2. shall employ either the systems approach specified in 5. less 5 K for temperatures less than or equal to 200 °C or less 10 K for temperatures greater than 200 °C. © BSI 14 March 2006 11 . such as 24 h surveillance.5. each one shall be analysed as a stabilized pipe design.5.2 Stabilized design for zone 1 and zone 2 applications Stabilized design applications.3 Controlled design Controlled design applications. 4. The protective device shall operate independently from the temperature monitoring system.11. or by the use of temperature control devices in accordance with 4. sufficient instructions for selection and installation should be provided.5 4.1. NOTE If the control devices are not being provided by the manufacturer. shall comply with a) for zone 1 and either a) or b) for zone 2: a) for zone 1 or zone 2 applications: controlled design applications.3. If so. This shall be achieved either by a stabilized design in accordance with 4. 4. In case of an error by.5.EN 62086-1:2005 For IT systems: e) an electrical insulation monitoring device shall be installed to disconnect the supply whenever the electrical resistance is not greater than 50 W/V of rated voltage. the heating system shall be de-energized before replacing the defective equipment.11. b) for zone 2 applications: a single temperature controller with failure annunciation may be used. which require the use of a temperature control device to limit the maximum pipe temperature.5. The adjustment of the protective device shall be secured and sealed to avoid manipulation.1 Control and temperature requirements General A trace heating system shall be designed so that under all conditions that may reasonably be foreseen the surface temperature of the trace heaters is limited to the temperature classification or ignition temperature. or damage to the sensor.3 to limit the maximum equipment temperature. which require the use of a temperature control device to limit the maximum surface temperature. shall utilize a protective device that will de-energize the system after exceeding the maximum operating temperature. in which the maximum surface temperature of the trace heater is determined without thermostatic control.
4 Flammability test A flammability test shall be performed on trace heaters. tees. with a frequency of 45 Hz to 65 Hz. as well as glands. The measured value shall be not less than 50 MW. Table 1 – Test voltages for the dielectric test Rated voltage Test voltage V a.1. or a specially applied conductive metal tape or braid. 5.1. < 30 V r. panels and other trace heaters.1 5. where E is the rated voltage.3 Electrical insulation resistance test The electrical insulation resistance shall be measured on the test sample(s) prepared in accordance with 5. 500 ³ 30 V r. Tests shall be conducted at a temperature between 10 °C and 40 °C unless otherwise stated herein. unless otherwise specified. in-line splices and power terminations.c. by means of a d.c.s. 12 © BSI 14 March 2006 .1 after the dielectric test specified in 5. For pads.c.m. 2 E + 1 000 ³ 60 V d. The test voltage waveform shall be essentially sinusoidal.1.1 Type tests General The provisions of 23. These connections shall include end terminations. voltage of 1 000 V for mineral insulated heaters and 2 500 V for polymer insulated heaters.s 500 < 60 V d. The test shall be made in a room free from draughts. r. Samples of trace heaters at least 3 m in length. The resistance of the electrical insulation shall be measured between conductors and the metallic outer covering. fittings and seals where a heating cable enters a termination enclosure.2.m. 5. whether intended to be factory-fabricated or field-assembled.s.m.1. shall be applied between the conductors and the metallic braid or sheath at a rate of rise of neither less than 100 V/s nor more than 200 V/s and maintained for 1 min without dielectric breakdown. except where otherwise noted.c.1 of IEC 60079-0 apply with the following additions. 5.EN 62086-1:2005 5 Testing 5.2 Dielectric test The dielectric test shall be performed on trace heaters in accordance with table 1. the sample width shall be 80 mm. shall be subjected to the same tests as the trace heater. The sample trace heater at least 450 mm in length shall be supported in a vertical position. Terminations and connections that are to be installed as an integral part of the trace heater. 2 E + 1 000 The test voltage.1.1.4. shall be selected for testing.
The paper indicator shall be positioned 250 mm above the point at which the inner blue cone of the flame contacts the sample. does not burn more than 25 % of the extended unbleached paper and does not ignite the cotton with falling. A layer of dry. The flame shall be applied for 15 s. IEC 2860/2000 Key 1 Burner 4 Test sample 2 Support 5 Dry pure surgical cotton 3 Unbleached paper flag Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1a – Height of natural gas flame Figure 1b – Vertical plane at right angles to cable under test Figure 1 – Flammability test © BSI 14 March 2006 13 . pure surgical cotton not more than 6 mm in depth shall be placed underneath the sample so that the distance from the cotton to the point of the flame application is 250 mm. as shown in figure 1a. The flame shall be brought up to the trace heater in such a manner that the vertical plane containing the major axis of the burner tube is at right angles to the plane of the cable being tested as shown in figure 1b. The burner shall be tilted to an angle of 20° from the vertical and the flame applied to the cable so that the tip of the inner blue cone of the flame touches the specimen at the point approximately 150 mm above its lower end. burning particles. The height of the natural gas flame of the burner shall be adjusted to 130 mm with an inner blue cone 40 mm high. The test results shall be considered satisfactory if the trace heater does not support combustion for more than 1 min after the fifth application of the flame. until five such applications have been made. then removed for 15 s.EN 62086-1:2005 A gummed unbleached paper indicator shall be wrapped once around the sample so that it projects 20 mm from the sample.
a hammer with a mass of 1 kg shall be allowed to fall once onto the horizontal cylinder from a height of 700 mm (that is to say with an impact load of 7 J).3 while the steel cylinder and hammer are still in place on the sample. to caution the user as to its reduced mechanical capability. A sample approximately 200 mm in length is placed on a rigid flat steel plate and positioned underneath an intermediate piece of hardened steel in the shape of a horizontal cylinder with a diameter of 25 mm. For trace heating intended for use in applications with a low risk of mechanical damage in accordance with 4. its axis is placed across the sample. in the case of a trace heating cable. In some applications. This cylinder is required to have a length of 25 mm with smoothly rounded edges to a radius of approximately 5 mm when used to test heating pads and heating panels (see figure 2).2 and 5. in the majority of applications. Electrical resistance trace heating submitted to such a test shall be clearly marked with the symbol "X" in addition to the marking requirements in clause 6. however.1. A trace heating cable having a non-circular cross-section shall be so positioned that the impact is applied along the minor axis (that is to say the trace heating cable is positioned flat on the steel plate). covered by thermal insulation and therefore afforded some mechanical protection. the height may be reduced to 400 mm (that is to say an impact load of 4 J). 14 © BSI 14 March 2006 . trace heaters may be installed under conditions where they will not always be protected by thermal insulation. Other than in tests on electrical trace heating intended for use in applications with low risk of mechanical damage. for example. Conformity is verified by testing the electrical insulation in accordance with 5.EN 62086-1:2005 5. during installation before the thermal insulation is applied or where the trace heater exits from the thermal insulation into a junction box.5 Impact test NOTE Electric trace heaters are. the cylinder is laid horizontally on the sample and. For the test.2.1.1.
A crushing force of 1 500 N is then applied for 30 s. In the case of a pad. the rod is laid flat on the sample and in the case of a trace heating cable it is placed across a specimen at right angles.1. without shock. For electrical trace heating intended for use in applications with low risk of mechanical damage.1. by means of a 6 mm diameter steel rod with hemispherical ends and a total length of 25 mm. to caution the user of its reduced mechanical capability. For the test.1. © BSI 14 March 2006 15 . NOTE Trace heating cable samples need only be approximately 200 mm in length. Electrical resistance trace heating submitted to such a test shall be clearly marked with the symbol "X" in addition to the marking requirements of clause 6. it is necessary to ensure that the cylinder rests across the active element. the crushing force may be reduced to 800 N.6 Deformation test A sample is placed on a rigid flat steel plate.2 and 5.3 while the horizontal steel rod is still in place on the sample and the load applied.EN 62086-1:2005 IEC 2861/2000 Key 1 Hammer with mass of 1 kg 2 Cylinder with diameter of 25 mm 3 Minor axis of non-circular heating cable 4 Cylinder with 25 mm overall length and 5 mm radius rounding when used to test heating pads and heating panels 5 Height of fall of hammer: 700 mm or 400 mm Figure 2 – Impact test 5. Conformity is verified by testing the electrical insulation in accordance with 5.
7 Cold bend test The test apparatus to be used for the cold bend test is shown in figure 3. Immediately afterwards. Conformity is verified by testing the electrical insulation in accordance with 5. the sample is bent through 90° around one of the mandrels. with a sample in position. NOTE The system documentation provided by the manufacturer should state all constraints and precautions to be taken and the minimum permissible values of the bending radius. This bending cycle is carried out twice.1. The test apparatus. then bent through 180° in the opposite direction over the second mandrel and then straightened to its original position.1. IEC 2862/2000 Key 1 Sample heating cable 2 Steel base 3 Steel mandrel Figure 3 – Cold bend test – Type test 16 © BSI 14 March 2006 .3. is maintained for a period of 4 h at between -25 °C and -30 °C or at the manufacturer’s minimum declared installation temperature.2 and 5.EN 62086-1:2005 5.1.
after which it is drained off. one conductor 1 Cam switch or equivalent means 7 Solenoid valve 2 In-line tee or slice connection 8 Water inlet 3 End termination 9 To heaters (c) 4 Drain 10 Water outlet 5 Power connection 11 Power connection 6 Cold lead Series cable. two conductors Figure 4 – Moisture resistance test © BSI 14 March 2006 17 .EN 62086-1:2005 5. The end termination shall be inspected to verify that no water ingress has occurred.1.2.8 Moisture resistance test (trace heating cables only) A sample of trace heating cable of at least 3 m in length including terminations shall be placed in a water flow and drain apparatus as shown in figure 4. the sample shall be tested in accordance with 5.1. At the end of the test period. The test shall be continued for a period of 24 h. The rate of water flow shall be regulated to cover the heating cable and terminations completely for a period of at least 30 s every 5 min. The voltage to the water flow solenoid and the voltage applied to the heating cable shall be controlled by a cam switch or equivalent means. The timing sequences shall be such that the heating cable shall be energized for 30 s after the water has been drained. IEC 2863/2000 Key (a) Parallel cable (b) Series cable.
c. The heat transfer fluid is maintained at a constant temperature. and sample length are recorded at each test temperature.EN 62086-1:2005 5. current and liquid temperatures. The test apparatus is completely covered with thermal insulation of 25 mm thickness. as selected by the manufacturer: a) resistance: the measured d. These parameters are verified by thermocouples placed at the entry and exit ends of the pipe. The cable is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 18 © BSI 14 March 2006 . 3 m to 6 m in length. A suitable heat transfer liquid is circulated through the pipe at a sufficient rate to establish turbulent flow such that there is a negligible temperature difference between the fluid and the pipe. Three separate determinations are made on separate samples. b) thermal: the thermal output of trace heating cables is measured by installation of a single sample of heating cable.9 Verification of rated output The rated output of the heating cable or heating panel or pad shall be verified by one of the following two methods. The voltage. on a carbon steel pipe of 50 mm diameter or greater.1. The heating cable is powered at its rated voltage and allowed to attain equilibrium. as shown in figure 5. the test is conducted on a liquid-cooled flat metal plate with 25 mm of thermal insulation installed over the surface of the heating pad or panel. resistance per unit length at a specified temperature shall be within the manufacturer’s declared tolerance. For heating pads or panels. The resulting values shall be within the manufacturer’s declared tolerance. Flow velocity shall be such that the fluid temperature does not differ by more than 2 K from end to end. The thermal output of the heating cable is measured at three pipe temperatures representative of the full operating range.
EN 62086-1:2005 IEC 2864/2000 Key 1 Controlled voltage source 6 Thermocouple 11 In-line heater 2 See detail A 7 12 Heat exchanger 3 Trace heater Fibre glass insulation. 25 mm minimum thickness and a density of approximately 3.25 kg per cubic metre 13 Chilling unit 4 50 mm outside diameter or greater test pipe Electrical terminals 14 Flow meter Temperature controller 15 Pump 5 Temperature indicator 8 9 10 Temperature sensor Figure 5 – Verification of rated output – Type test © BSI 14 March 2006 19 .
A flanged gate valve or equivalent (butterfly valve.1.5 m vertical run of piping having a pipe size between 50 mm and 150 mm diameter.2). design verification method 5. The heating cable shall be installed in a manner consistent with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. but not less than 80 °C.10 Thermal stability of electrical insulating material The thermal stability of the electrical insulating materials of trace heaters shall be verified on a sample or prototype after it has been stored at a temperature of the manufacturer's declared operating temperature +20 K.2 Systems approach.11.5. 5. The maximum sheath temperature is dependent on the heater power density. the maximum exposure temperatures of the workpiece material. such as thermal insulation type and thickness.11.1.1. The vertical run shall be so arranged that the flanged pipe ends are in the centre. the test apparatus (see figure 6) shall consist of a 3 m horizontal run and a 1.) 5. in which the trace heater is subjected to a test condition where the manufacturer demonstrates ability to design and predict sheath temperatures by conducting specific tests. The maximum allowable power density and sheath temperatures declared by the manufacturer shall be tested by one of the following two methods: a) a systems approach (see 5.2.2.3) approach in which the maximum sheath temperatures are generated in an artificial environment simulating worst-case conditions. overall heat transfer coefficient. the trace heater material and the thermal insulation. 20 © BSI 14 March 2006 . etc.11.1. The piping system shall be insulated with a minimum of 25 mm thickness of thermal insulation and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation procedures.1.1. for at least four weeks. and in no case shall exceed the temperature determined in accordance with 4.1.11 Determination of maximum sheath temperature 5. Thermocouples shall be used to monitor the pipe and valve surface temperatures and the trace heater sheath temperatures. The trace heater shall be powered at 110 % of its rated voltage. b) a product classification (see 5. globe valve. The measured sheath temperatures shall not exceed the manufacturer’s calculated value by more than 10 K.11. Pipe ends shall be plugged and thermally insulated.EN 62086-1:2005 5. and the maximum possible temperature of the surface to be heated. Maximum sheath temperatures of trace heaters shall be determined to ensure the safe use of the heater(s). it is critical to ensure that the maximum sheath temperature for trace heaters is less than the ignition temperature of the explosive gas atmosphere. used to validate a manufacturer’s design methodology and calculations. These sheath temperatures shall not exceed the temperature class. Unless a higher temperature is specified.1 For heating cables. These factors are used by the manufacturer to determine the sheath temperatures of the trace heaters.1.) shall be located in the centre of the horizontal run.1 General NOTE In explosive gas atmospheres. (Compliance of the sample or prototype shall be verified by submitting it to the electrical insulation integrity test of 5. The thermocouples shall be located at anticipated hotspots at the discretion of the testing station. the ambient temperature shall not exceed 40 °C.11. This procedure shall be repeated with three variations of parameters. System temperatures shall be allowed to stabilize and thermocouple readings recorded.1.
The plate is then located in a stable room-temperature environment in a vertical orientation.11.25 kg per cubic metre 4 3m Figure 6 – Verification of sheath temperature using system approach © BSI 14 March 2006 21 .1. After stabilization. IEC 2865/2000 Key 1 50 mm to 150 mm nominal pipe bore 3 1. The measured surface temperatures shall not exceed manufacturer’s calculated values by more than 10 K.2.5 m 2 Fibre glass insulation. 5.1. The steel plate shall not extend more than 25 mm from any edge of the surface heater. The thermocouples shall be located at any anticipated hotspots at the discretion of the testing station. a representative section shall be applied to a 6 mm steel plate in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.2. The heated side of the plate shall be insulated with a minimum of 25 mm of thermal insulation.11. This procedure shall be repeated with three variations of parameters.2 For pads. the thermocouple readings shall be recorded including ambient temperature. The surface heater shall be powered at 110 % of rated voltage.3 Alternative simulated operating conditions may be agreed between the testing station and the manufacturer.EN 62086-1:2005 5. such as thermal insulation type and thickness. panels and other surface heaters. 25 mm minimum thickness and a density of approximately 3.
3 Product classification approach A sample of heating cable at least 1. rated voltage shall be applied and the time/r. One additional thermocouple is used to monitor the temperature within the oven. After the conditioning period. A sample of heating cable. at least 1 m in length. and a straight line drawn tangentially to the curve at the 5 K temperature difference point and extended to 0 K.1. IEC 2866/2000 Key 1 Sample temperature minus oven air temperature (T s – T o ). current characteristic shall be recorded from time zero to 300 s. loosely coiled. K 3 Recorded value of T s . K Figure 7 – Maximum sheath temperature using the product classification approach 5. in a forced-aircirculation oven. Sufficient time shall be permitted at each temperature to allow for the oven temperature and the trace heater sheath temperature to stabilize and attain thermal equilibrium. Oven and heater sheath temperatures shall be recorded at each successive level until the difference (DT) between the two is 5 K or less. The start-up current recorded shall be the highest current response of three samples. The sample shall be within the upper half of the trace heater’s thermal output tolerance. Representative thermocouples shall be used to monitor sample sheath temperatures and shall be placed 500 mm from each end.1. The oven ambient temperature shall be raised from ambient temperature in 15 K increments. or for heating panels or pads a flat metal heat sink. The temperature read at this intercept shall be taken as the maximum sheath temperature.s. A curve shall be drawn from the test data. The trace heater shall be energized at 110 % of rated voltage.9 can be used for this test. shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions on a minimum 50 mm diameter liquid-filled steel pipe or solid rod. as shown in figure 7. K 2 Oven temperature (T o ).m.1.11. 22 © BSI 14 March 2006 .5 m in length is placed.EN 62086-1:2005 5.12 Verification of start-up current The start-up current of the trace heater shall be measured as a function of the minimum ambient temperature as designated by the manufacturer. This time-current characteristic shall not be more than the value declared by the manufacturer. NOTE The apparatus described in 5. The testing apparatus shall be completely covered with thermal insulation and conditioned at the minimum ambient temperature for at least 4 h.
The test measurement criteria shall be established or correlated to the output verification test specified in 5. in metres per second. The power output shall show that the power output is measured and is within the manufacturer’s declared tolerances with a 95 % confidence level. that has a substantially sinusoidal waveform at 2 500 Hz to 3 500 Hz.1. the electrical insulation of trace heaters may be subjected to a dry spark test. the rate of travel of the trace heater through the dry test device. monitoring instrumentation and temperature controllers. 6. © BSI 14 March 2006 23 . A representative sample of a heating panel or pad shall be used.9. shall be marked in accordance with IEC 60079-0.1 Dielectric test Each supplied length or item.m. For a 3 000 Hz supply. the marking shall be on a durable tag/label permanently affixed to the non-heating sheath within 75 mm of the power connection fitting or gland. shall be subjected to the dielectric test specified in 5. 5.2. and shall additionally include the following: a) the operating voltage.3 times the length of the electrode measured in centimetres.2 Factory-fabricated trace heater units or sets For trace heaters with factory-fabricated terminations. or less than.2 Verification of rated output The output rating for each manufactured length of parallel heating cable shall be verified for linearity of power output through continuous or statistical test methods. The power output rating for each length of series resistance heating cable or fixed resistive heater shall be verified by measurement of the d. The resistance shall be equal to.1 Marking General All components of the trace heating system. 6 6.2.c.c. If statistical methods are used. the manufacturer’s declared value. including the branch circuit protection device. whilst immersed in water. whether in bulk or individually fabricated items. b) the rated steady-state current. conductance or current at a given temperature.s.13 Verification of the resistance of metallic covering The resistance of the mechanical covering of at least 3 m length of trace heater shall be measured at 10 °C to 40 °C.EN 62086-1:2005 5. 5.2 Routine tests 5. the results shall represent a total product reliability of 95 % or greater.c. resistance.2. c) the statement "Bond the metal sheath/braid of this trace heater to a suitable earth terminal".1. The polymeric sheath (overjacket) used for corrosion resistance over the metallic braiding or continuous metallic covering shall be subjected to the dielectric test of 1 000 V a. shall not be more than 3.1. with a minimum test voltage of 3 000 V a. r. As an alternative to immersing in water.
4 Cable spools. d) the statement "Refer to installation instructions". 6. shall be evident by the posting of appropriate caution signs or markings at frequent intervals along the pipeline or vessel. 6. in or on which the bulk trace heater cable is supplied.5 Heater field termination/splice kits Kit packaging shall be marked with the information required by IEC 60079-0 and supplemented by the following: a) the intended use(s) of the kit. 6. shall be marked with the information required by IEC 60079-0 and supplemented by the following: a) the rated or operating voltage. or both. 24 © BSI 14 March 2006 . b) the rated power output or resistance per unit length (at a reference temperature). b) the rated power output or resistance per unit length (at a reference temperature). reels or cartons. c) the statement "Bond the metal sheath/braid of this trace heater to a suitable earth terminal". for instance power termination. c) the statement "Bond the metal sheath/braid of this trace heater to a suitable earth terminal". the marking shall additionally include the following: a) the rated or operating voltage.3 Bulk heater cables For bulk heater cables certified to be field-assembled into finished cable sets or units at the worksite. reels or cartons Spools. b) the statement "Bond the metal sheath/braid of this trace heater to a suitable earth terminal".EN 62086-1:2005 6. c) the statement "Refer to installation instructions".6 Installation marking The presence of electrically heated pipelines or vessels.
Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 10: Classification of hazardous areas ––––––––––– ___________ 1) A consolidated version 2. Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 7: Increased safety "e" 1) IEC 60079-10:1995.2 (1997) exists that includes IEC 60079-7 (1990) and its amendment 1 (1991) and amendment 2 (1993). © BSI 14 March 2006 25 .EN 62086-1:2005 Bibliography IEC 60079-7:1990.
indicated by (mod).3 S2 1995 1) IEC 60050-151:1978 is superseded by IEC 60050-151:2001. 4) © BSI 14 March 2006 . 4) Valid edition at date of issue. For undated references. 3) IEC 60079-0:1998 is superseded by IEC 60079-0:2004. For dated references. the relevant EN/HD applies.EN 62086-1:2005 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications. only the edition cited applies. 2) Undated reference. which is harmonized as EN 60079-0:2005 (mod). 26 Publication Year IEC 60050-151 1978 IEC 60050-426 - IEC 60079-0 1998 IEC 60364-3 (mod) - 1) 2) 3) 2) Title EN/HD Year International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 151: Electrical and magnetic devices - - Chapter 426: Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres - - Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres Part 0: General requirements - - Electrical installations of buildings Part 3: Assessment of general characteristics HD 384. the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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