Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/DE102012112321B4/en
Timestamp: 2020-01-27 03:50:23
Document Index: 258296312

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 104', 'art 106', 'art 104', 'art 106', 'art 106', 'art 106', 'art 104', 'art 104', 'art 104', 'art 104', 'art 106']

DE102012112321B4 - Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment - Google Patents
DE102012112321B4
DE102012112321B4 DE102012112321.7A DE102012112321A DE102012112321B4 DE 102012112321 B4 DE102012112321 B4 DE 102012112321B4 DE 102012112321 A DE102012112321 A DE 102012112321A DE 102012112321 B4 DE102012112321 B4 DE 102012112321B4
DE102012112321.7A
DE102012112321A1 (en
2012-12-14 Application filed by Faro Technologies Inc filed Critical Faro Technologies Inc
2012-12-14 Priority to DE102012112321.7A priority Critical patent/DE102012112321B4/en
2014-07-03 Publication of DE102012112321A1 publication Critical patent/DE102012112321A1/en
2015-03-05 Publication of DE102012112321B4 publication Critical patent/DE102012112321B4/en
An apparatus for optically scanning and measuring an environment, which comprises a hand-held scanner (100) for generating 3D scans, which at least in a triangular arrangement to each other arranged a projector (121) defining a projector plane (P121) for generating at least one pattern (X, X ') on an object (O) in the environment and a first camera (111) and spaced from a second camera (112) for receiving the object (O) provided with the pattern (X, X') to the pattern ( X, X ') into their respective image planes (B111, B112), characterized in that the pattern (X, X') is uncoded, and in that the projector (121) and the first camera (111) and second camera (112) with points of the pattern (X, X ') form different epipolar lines (e) in the projector plane (P121) and the two image planes (B111, B112), so that starting from each of the three devices (111, 112, 121) define two stereo geometries with the other two devices are the definite three-way relationships of points and epipolar lines (e), from which the correspondence of the images of the pattern (X, X ') in the two image planes (B111, B112) can be determined.
From the US 6,826,299 B2 For example, a device is known in which a projector projects light patterns onto the surface of an object to be scanned. The position of the projector is determined by a projected coded pattern. Two (or more) cameras whose relative positions and orientations are known or determined can pick up the surface with another uncoded pattern. By means of mathematical methods known per se, such as the epipolar geometry, the three-dimensional coordinates (of the points of the pattern) can be determined.
Scanners are known as target tracking devices from the game area, in which a projector projects a coded light pattern onto the target to be tracked, preferably the playing user, to then record this coded light pattern with a camera and to determine the coordinates of the user.
The US 8,238,611 B2 discloses a system for scanning a scene including range finding. The system consists in its simplest form of a camera unit with two cameras, optionally with filters, for stereoscopic detection of a target area, a lighting unit for generating a pattern in the target area, preferably by means of a diffractive optical element, and a synchronization unit, which lighting unit and camera unit matches each other. Camera unit and lighting unit can be set up in selectable relative positions. Optionally, two camera units or two lighting units can be used.
A device of the type mentioned, which is designed as a hand-held scanner, describes the WO 2011/160962 A1 , The hand-held scanner has a projector which projects a temporal sequence (sequence) of patterns onto an object. Two cameras record this encoded sequence, from which the measuring points are determined. To eliminate camera shake and motion blur during the sequence, the hand-held scanner has an inertial measuring unit, which takes into account the position of the hand-held scanner during the sequence in determining the measurement points. The projection of a coded sequence of patterns is also used in the DE 10 2004 052 199 A1 proposed. From the WO 2006/094409 A1 For example, a device is known in which the projector projects an encoded pattern known by an initial calibration. The projection of coded patterns also shows the DE 11 2009 001 652 T5 , The simultaneous recording of a reference surface is in the US 7,336,375 B1 proposed. Generation of patterns by means of diffractive optical elements reveals the DE 20 2008 013 217 U1 ,
Compared to a coded pattern, an uncoded pattern can be more easily generated, for example, as regular patterns of dots of light. To then pick up the patterned object and obtain unique correspondences of the light spots of the pattern, two (or more) cameras are used. The two cameras and the projector are not colinear, but arranged in a triangular arrangement to each other. This allows the use of three epipolar geometry relationships to determine the correspondences between the pattern in the camera images. If these correspondences are then known, the three-dimensional coordinates of the point cloud, ie the 3D scan, can be determined.
Preferably, the pattern is not generated in the visible wavelength range, but in the infrared. Accordingly, the two cameras are sensitive in this wavelength range, while stray light and other disturbances in the visible wavelength range can be filtered out. For color information, a color camera can be provided as the third camera, which also receives the object to be scanned. With the color information obtained in this way, the 3D scan can then be colored.
The handheld scanner generates several 3D scans of the same scene from different positions. Registration of the various 3D scans in a common coordinate system is facilitated by a stationary pattern that can be captured by various 3D scans. The stationary pattern rests with respect to the object as the hand scanner is moved and occupies the various positions. As a stationary pattern, the natural texture of the surface of the object and other structures, such as edges, can be used, which is detected by means of a color camera as the third camera, or (additionally or alternatively) a projected pattern is used, which is a separate (external) Projector generated. This stationary pattern may be geometrically, temporally or spectrally distinguishable from the hand-held scanner generated pattern.
It is a kit with three (or more) cameras and multiple projectors conceivable by means of which application-dependent requirements are met by patterns with different point density and lateral resolution are projected and recorded.
The pattern may be generated by deflective techniques, such as diffractive optical element or microlens (or single-laser) generation, or by shadowing techniques, such as aperture creation, slides (as would be used with a slide projector), and other masks, done. The distracting methods have the advantage that less light is lost and therefore more intensity is available.
The handheld scanner is designed in the present case as a portable scanner, so it operates at high speed and has a low weight. But it is also possible that the hand-held scanner is mounted on a tripod (or another tripod), on a manually movable trolley (or another car) or on an autonomously moving robot, so is no longer worn by the user, possibly also below Using a different housing, for example, without handle. The term "hand-held scanner" is therefore to be construed broadly to encompass scanners generally constructed as compact units.
The operation of the hand-held scanner can bring about a ring closure in a sequence of the frames or a video, in particular when an object O is circled. Preferably, the ring closure is automatically detected and any errors in the measurements are used for correction. For this purpose, a frustum is preferably formed for each frame of the plurality of frames, which contains a specific part of the points of the three-dimensional point cloud, which represents the 3D scan, which is determined from the frame and associated therewith. From the frustum of the current frame and several of the past frames, the intersection is formed, with the last frustum, with which the largest intersection exists, being selected. By means of searching, comparing and identifying features, the ring closure can be detected.
In order to reduce the amount of data to be stored and / or transmitted by the hand-held scanner, an averaging is preferably carried out (in a post-processing) on adjacent frames, preferably by dividing the two-dimensionally structured data set into groups of frames and averaging over the frames of the group.
1 a schematic representation of the device,
2 a schematic representation of the generation of a pattern by means of a diffractive optical element.,
3 a pattern and a different pattern,
4 a schematic representation of projector level, image planes and epipolar lines,
5 a schematic representation of an averaging, and
6 a schematic representation of a ring closure.
A hand scanner 100 is as a portable part of a device for optically scanning and measuring an environment of the hand-held scanner 100 intended. The hand scanner 100 has a foot part 104 , a handle part 106 , which from the foot part 104 - when used as intended pointing up - protrudes, and a headboard 108 which is on the handle part 106 - When used as intended at its upper end - is arranged. A user of the handheld scanner 100 can the hand scanner 100 on the handle part 106 take, which is designed accordingly, with the hand scanner 100 to cross the environment and the hand scanner 100 align with objects O in the environment
In the headboard 108 are - spaced at a defined distance from each other - a first camera 111 and a second camera 112 arranged. The orientations of the first camera 111 and the second camera 112 to each other are set or adjustable so that the fields of view overlap and stereoscopic images of the objects O are possible. If the orientations are fixed, there will be an optimal overlap area depending on the application. In terms of accuracy, an overlap area similar to the projector-to-camera distances would be favorable. Depending on typical environmental situations, a range of several decimeters or meters may be preferred. Alternatively, the orientations are adjustable by the user, for example, by opposing pivoting of the cameras 111 and 112 , to the handle part 106 parallel axes of rotation. The orientation can be the hand scanner 100 be known at all times when the user's adjustment process is being tracked, or the alignment is initially arbitrary (and unknown), and then calibrated to the handheld scanner 100 made known.
Preferably, the first camera 111 and the second camera 112 monochrome, ie sensitive to a narrow wavelength range, for example by having corresponding filters which then filter out other wavelength ranges including stray light. This narrow wavelength range is preferably in the infrared range. In order to obtain color information about the objects O, is in the header 108 preferably a color camera 113 arranged, preferably symmetrical to the first camera 111 and second camera 112 aligned and arranged in the middle between the two. The color camera 113 is then sensitive in the visible wavelength range.
The hand scanner 100 has a display and control device 115 which is preferably designed as a touch screen. The display and operating device 115 is preferably on the headboard 108 arranged on the from the cameras 111 . 112 and optionally 113 opposite side. The display and operating device 115 can be designed removable. The cameras 111 . 112 and optionally 113 as well as the display and operating device 115 are connected to a control and evaluation device 118 connected, which preferably in the header 108 is arranged. Preferably, the control and evaluation 118 the data of the cameras 111 . 112 and optionally 113 preprocessing, if necessary, already create the 3D scans, and suitable representations on the display and control device 115 give. Alternatively, there is no display and operating device 115 available, but the hand scanner 100 is operated by means of a remote control, for example, from a stationary or portable computer (PC, tablet, smartphone o. Ä.), Which in constant communication (with cable or wireless) with the control and evaluation 118 stands.
Unless the control and evaluation 118 the 3D scans or the data of the cameras 111 . 112 and optionally 113 does not transmit with a radio link (for example, via WLAN to a stationary computer), the handheld scanner points 100 a data port, preferably on the foot part 104 (or alternatively at another location on the handheld scanner 100 ). This data connection may, for example, be a normalized interface for LAN, USB or the like, or a special interface as described in US Pat DE 10 2009 010 465 B3 is described. If appropriate, the data connection can also be designed to insert a portable storage medium (SD card, USB stick, etc.). In the foot part 104 An accumulator for power supply is preferably housed. For charging the same, a power connection may be provided, preferably also on the foot part 104 , Alternatively, the accumulator is replaceable.
Basically, from the footage of the first camera 111 and the second camera 112 already (in the control and evaluation device 118 ) three-dimensional data are determined, so 3D scans of objects O are created, for example by means of photogrammetry. However, the objects O often have few structures and many smooth surfaces, so that the creation of 3D scans from the scattered light of the object O is difficult.
It is therefore a (first) projector 121 provided, which preferably in the foot part 104 (or alternatively in the header 108 ) and according to the two cameras 111 and 112 is aligned. The relative distance and relative orientation are fixed or user adjustable. The (first) projector 121 projects on the objects to be scanned O a pattern X. The pattern X need not be coded (that is, unambiguous), but is preferably uncoded, for example, periodically, ie ambiguous. The ambiguity is due to the use of the two cameras 111 and 112 dissolved.
Preferably, the uncoded pattern X is a dot pattern consisting of a regular arrangement of dots in a grid. In the present case, for example, one hundred times one hundred points are projected at an angle of about 50 ° at a distance of about 0.5 m to 5 m. The pattern X may also be a line pattern or a combination pattern of dots and lines, each formed of correspondingly densely arranged spots of light. The two cameras 111 and 112 form the pattern X into their respective image plane B 111 and B 112 , in which a photosensor (CMOS or CCD, for example) is arranged to receive the pattern X.
There is a connection between the point density, the distance between (first) projector 121 and object and the resolution that can be achieved with the generated pattern X. If only single images are available, fine structures of the object O can be examined with a higher density of dots, with coarse structures with low point densities. It therefore seems helpful to be able to generate at least one other pattern X 'in addition to the pattern X. Depending on the generation of the patterns X, X ', a dynamic transition between the patterns and / or spatial mixing is possible in order to adapt the point density to the structures of the object O.
In one embodiment for special examinations, therefore, is next to the (first) projector 121 a second projector 122 arranged, which is aligned accordingly and the other pattern X 'can produce. Alternatively, the (first) projector 121 besides the pattern X, the other as well Create pattern X ', for example, offset in time and / or in a different wavelength range. The other pattern X 'is preferably a presently non-coded pattern other than the pattern X, in the present case a dot pattern with a regular arrangement of dots with a different spacing (grid length) from each other.
It is also conceivable that the other pattern X 'is constantly superimposed on the pattern X, for example with different intensity. The thus formed pattern X then has, for example, higher intensity light spots at longer intervals and lower intensity light spots with shorter pitches. With the different intensity pattern X, the limited camera dynamics (for a given exposure time, the light spots are visible only in a limited combined range and reflectivity range without over / underexposure) can be overcome and a greater depth and intensity dynamic range can be covered. Although the said pattern X has a higher periodicity, it is still uncoded in the sense of the present invention.
Furthermore, it is also conceivable that more than two patterns X, X 'are used, for example a defined sequence of several patterns, which are generated, for example, in temporal succession.
The - preferably monochromatic - pattern X (and X ') is preferably by means of a diffractive optical element 124 which generates a light beam generated by a laser in the wavelength range (infrared) of the two cameras 111 and 112 according to the pattern X divides without losing intensity. The lateral resolution is then limited only by the beam diameter, ie the size of the points. Since the pattern X (and X ') is generated in the infrared range, both the pictures of the color camera 113 undisturbed also created safety measures to protect the eyes or the like can be avoided. For the same purpose, the pattern X (and X ') could alternatively be generated in the ultraviolet range.
Two patterns X and X 'can be generated with two diffractive optical elements, which are transiently different in time or at different wavelengths. With a time-varying diffractive optical element, it is possible to switch quickly (ie at approximately every frame) or slowly (for example manually controlled) between the patterns X and X ', or the pattern X can be adapted dynamically to the changing circumstances (in terms of density) the points of light and the range of the projected pattern X). It is also a gradual transition between the patterns X and X 'conceivable (crossfade). As an alternative to diffractive optical elements, arrays of microlenses or of single lasers can be used. Optionally, a conventional imaging by means of a mask, in particular a slide, is possible.
For reasons of energy efficiency and eye safety, the (first) projector produces 121 only the pattern X on the objects O, if the cameras 111 and 112 (and optionally 113 ) pick up the objects O provided with the pattern X. These are the two cameras 111 . 112 and the projector 121 (and possibly the second projector 122 ), ie internally matched, both in terms of time and in terms of the pattern X (and possibly X ') used. Each shooting process begins by the (first) projector 121 the pattern X is created, similar to a flash in the photograph, and the cameras 111 and 112 (and optionally 113 ) follow with their recordings, more precisely, the pairs of recordings (frames), so from each of the two cameras 111 . 112 a recording. The recording process may include a single frame (shot), or a sequence of multiple frames (video). Preferably, on the handle part 106 a trigger 126 provided by means of which such a shot or such a video can be triggered. Each frame then yields a 3D scan after processing the data, ie a point cloud in three-dimensional space in relative coordinates of the hand-held scanner 100 , Alternatively to the trigger 126 can the recording process by means of the above-mentioned remote control of the handheld scanner 100 to be triggered.
The (first) projector 121 and the optional second projector 122 are not colinear to the two cameras 121 and 122 arranged but in a triangular arrangement. This arrangement of the two cameras 111 and 112 and the (first) projector 121 (and possibly the second projector 122 ) allows the application of known mathematical methods of optics, in particular the Epipolargeometrie, after which a point in the image plane B 112 of the second camera 112 on a (known) line, namely the epipolar line e, in the image plane B 111 of the first camera 111 finds again and vice versa, or one from the (first) projector 121 Point generated from a projector plane P 121 is located on one epipolar line e in the image planes B 111 , B 112 of the two cameras 111 and 112 finds.
In the present case are (at least) three devices (projector 121 and the two cameras 111 and 112 ), ie, starting from each device, two stereo geometries (each with a large number of epipolar lines e) can be defined with the other two devices. Therefore, for the present arrangement, there are unique tri-pair relationships of points and epipolar lines e, from which the correspondence of the images of the pattern X (and possibly X ') in the two image planes B 111 , B 112 can be determined. Because of the (compared to a pair of cameras) additional stereo geometry, namely, significantly more of the otherwise indistinguishable pattern points on an epipolar line e can be identified. As a result, the density of features can be kept high and the feature size can be kept very low at the same time. In alternative methods with coded patterns (with features consisting of, for example, multiple points), the feature size is limited downwards, which limits the lateral resolution. When said correspondence is determined, the three-dimensional coordinates of the points on the surface of the object O for the 3D scan are determined by means of triangulation.
Additional three-dimensional data can be obtained by photogrammetry from multiple frames with different camera positions, such as the color camera 113 or from that part of the signal from the cameras 111 and 112 , which comes from the ambient light, so the natural texture of the environment. It can also be beneficial if the handheld scanner 100 or another device can illuminate the object O and, if appropriate, the background, for example with white light or infrared light, so that not only the points of the object O illuminated with the pattern X and possibly the background are visible, but also intermediate areas. This lighting is particularly suitable if the data of the color camera 113 already included in the creation of the 3D scans (and not just their coloring), and for the calibration of the cameras 111 and 112 when filters pass only a limited spectral range.
The scanning process also has a temporal aspect. While in stationary devices, a whole sequence of patterns can be projected and taken to determine a single 3D scan, this is done with each shot of the handheld scanner 100 generates a 3D scan. If for special investigations a second projector 122 or another diffractive optical element 124 or at least one other pattern X 'is provided except for the pattern X, images with different patterns X and X' can also be made consecutively in one shot, so that the 3D scan then obtains a higher resolution.
To capture the entire scene, the 3D scans generated with the shot are to be registered, ie to insert the three-dimensional point clouds of each frame into a common coordinate system. The registration is possible for example by means of videogrammetry, so for example "structure from motion" (SFM) or "simultaneous localization and mapping" (SLAM). For common reference points, the natural texture of the objects O can be used or a stationary pattern Y generated. The natural texture can be with the color camera 113 However, as an additional part of the apparatus for optically scanning and surveying the surroundings of the hand-held scanner, it is preferable to detect the second function (other than acquiring the color information) 100 at least one separate projector 130 intended.
The separate projector 130 projects the stationary pattern Y onto the objects to be scanned, ie a pattern similar to the pattern X (and optionally X ') but distinct, and preferably generated in the same way. While the pattern X and possibly X 'with the hand scanner 100 moves, rests the stationary pattern Y - even with a moving hand scanner 100 and with shots from different positions - in a common coordinate system. The stationary pattern Y is then in several shots (frames) of the cameras 111 and 112 so that the resulting 3D scans can be related to each other using the stationary pattern Y. The stationary pattern Y differs geometrically or temporally or spectrally (or in combination) from the pattern X and optionally X '. With temporal distinctness, the stationary pattern Y is generated at least at time intervals in which the pattern X and optionally X 'is not generated (alternating or overlapping). In the case of spectral distinctness, the stationary pattern Y lies in a different wavelength range as the pattern X and optionally X ', so that the cameras 111 and 112 also have to be sensitive to this, ie should have the appropriate filter. The separate projector 130 can with the hand scanner 100 be synchronized, ie the hand scanner 100 The timing and type of the projected stationary pattern Y are known.
Depending on the object to be scanned O, it may make sense that the separate projector 130 after several 3D scans to the other side of the object O is brought to project on the local surface a stationary pattern Y. This shading can be avoided. The separate projector 130 is therefore preferably portable or movable and is accordingly mounted, for example, on a tripod or on a trolley (or other car) or mountable. Alternatively, several separate projectors 130 used to avoid shadowing. A corresponding modular system is possible.
In principle, automation is also possible, ie the hand-held scanner 100 is on a manually movable trolley (or another Carriage) or a self-propelled robot mounted or mounted. The no longer user-worn handheld scanner 100 samples its environment in a defined manner, preferably producing a video rather than generating a sequence of shots. Cameras and projectors are not colinear.
The hand scanner 100 can produce a video with a high density of frames, for example, seventy frames per second. But there's the handheld scanner 100 hardly moves between two frames, the video contains a lot of redundant information: two temporally adjacent frames differ only to a very small extent. In order to reduce the amount of data to be stored and / or transferred, therefore, suitable averaging in a post-processing is useful ( 5 ). First, in a first averaging step, the frames F are divided into groups [F] i , with several frames F per group [F] i around a respective key frame F i .
From the 3D computer graphics so-called voxels are known, which as a single room elements in total fill the room completely. Frequently, such structures are used to combine three-dimensional data from different perspectives in a point cloud. One drawback to capturing surface data is the many remaining empty voxels that somehow need to be handled in terms of data.
For this purpose, adapted and optimized data structures are used in the present case. Within a group [F] i of strongly overlapping frames F, individual measurement points can still be combined very well and efficiently in a common two-dimensional data structure (grid structure), thus optimized for surface data and very similar to a two-dimensional image. The smaller memory requirement allows that initially all measured values can be stored as a vector in the two-dimensional data structure, ie in each case gray scale / color and distance to the hand-held scanner 100 for each of the pixels of the frames F of the group [F] i .
In a second averaging step, an averaging is performed within each group [F] i in order to be able to very easily eliminate incorrect measurements. For this averaging (in terms of gray levels / colors and / or distances), only a defined proportion of the vector in the center region of the sorted measured values is used. The center area can be delimited by means of threshold values. This averaging corresponds to a replacement of the group [F] i by a key frame F i with averaged measured values, wherein the key frames F i still have a large overlap. Each measuring point obtained in this way is then continued as a point (corresponding to a three-dimensional vector) of the three-dimensional total point cloud.
In an optional third step, the measurement points obtained by averaging can be merged with data from other groups [F] i , for example by Cartesian averaging.
The operation of the hand scanner 100 It brings with it, especially when walking around an object O, that a ring closure can occur, ie after several frames F shows the video (or the sequence of shots) the same view in the room or at least a very similar view. The ring closures would be immediately recognizable, if one could look at the generation of the total point cloud at any time all available data. However, the amount of data and the resulting computation time do not allow this. There is a need for a method which can very quickly determine which data from earlier sequences must be considered by the ring closure. If all the measurements were completely error free (and the movement of the handheld scanner 100 sufficiently uniform), the ring closure would immediately result from the registration of the 3D scans in the common coordinate system. In reality, however, an error will accumulate which leads to an offset of two similar frames F and the resulting 3D scans. One way to still automatically detect the ring closure (and correct the error) is described below ( 6 ).
A frustum (more precisely: viewing frustum) is normally a truncated pyramid-shaped space area that extends from the image plane to the direction of infinity. In the present case, a frustum V is formed in a first step for each frame F, which contains (at least approximately) 80% of the detected points from the three-dimensional point cloud, ie a finite part of the said spatial region of the associated 3D scan, which determines from the frame F. becomes. The most recently recorded, current frame F n is assigned the current frustum V n . Then, in a second step, the current frustum V n is compared with the past frusta V by forming the intersection. The past frustum Vj with which the largest intersection exists is selected to perform a more detailed analysis.
In a third step, features are searched for within the current frustum V n and the selected frustum Vj in a manner known per se, for example edges and corners. In a fourth step, the found features are compared with each other, for example regarding their embedding geometry, and the matching features are identified. Depending on the degree of agreement, the decision as to whether or not there is a ring closure takes place in a fifth step.
In order to use the knowledge of the ring closure, common characteristics are generated from the identified, matching characteristics. With the method known as "bundle adjustment", in a sixth step, the said error of the measurements can be corrected, i. H. the 3D scans are corrected to a defined depth of penetration into the room, i. H. the three-dimensional point cloud is shifted - in places and to some extent - so that the said offset in the same frames, 3D scans and frustums is eliminated. If the correction is not completely possible, ie after the sixth step (with the "bundle adjustment") there is still a certain deviation of the data and thus a certain non-correctable error of the measurements, then this certain deviation (ie not the deviation) is preferred -correctable errors) can be a measure of the quality of the measurements and the data as a whole.
The movement of the handheld scanner 100 and the processing of the generated frames can also be treated as tracking, ie the hand-held scanner 100 tracks the relative movement of its environment with the methods used in tracking. If the tracking is lost, for example if the handheld scanner 100 moved too fast, there is an easy way to resume tracking. For this purpose, the user is on the display and control device 115 the current video image, as is the color camera 113 delivers, and the last video still image of the tracking delivered by her side by side (or on top of each other). The user then needs the handheld scanner 100 Move until both video frames match. Support, for example acoustically or optically, based on processing the video images and comparing them is helpful and therefore preferably implemented.
(first) projector
separate projector
Image plane of the first camera
Image plane of the second camera
F, F n
[F] i
projector plane
V, Vj, Vn
Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment containing a hand-held scanner ( 100 ) for the production of 3D scans, which arranged at least in a triangular arrangement to one another a projecting plane (P 121 ) defining projector ( 121 ) for generating at least one pattern (X, X ') on an object (O) in the environment and a first camera ( 111 ) and spaced therefrom a second camera ( 112 ) for receiving the object (O) provided with the pattern (X, X ') to image and record the pattern (X, X') in their respective image planes (B 111 , B 112 ), characterized in that the pattern (X, X ') is uncoded, and that the projector ( 121 ) and the first camera ( 111 ) and second camera ( 112 ) with points of the pattern (X, X ') different epipolar lines (e) in the projector plane (P 121 ) and the two image planes (B 111 , B 112 ) form, so that starting from each of the three devices ( 111 . 112 . 121 ) two stereo geometries with the two other devices are definable, the unique three-way relationships of points and epipolar lines (e) result, from which the correspondence of the images of the pattern (X, X ') in the two image planes (B 111 , B 112 ) can be determined.
Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the projector ( 121 ) generates the pattern (X, X ') in the infrared region, preferably monochromatically and preferably by means of a laser, and the first camera ( 111 ) and the second camera ( 112 ) are sensitive in the wavelength range of the pattern (X, X '), preferably using filters.
Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hand-held scanner ( 100 ) a color camera ( 113 ), which receives the object in the visible wavelength range from which the wavelength range of the pattern (X, X ') preferably deviates.
Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pattern (X, X ') is a dot pattern of light spots and / or a line pattern and / or a combination pattern of dots and lines, optionally with different intensities.
Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projector ( 121 ) the pattern (X, X ') by means of a diffractive optical element ( 124 ), by means of microlenses, by means of a plurality of individual lasers or by means of a projected mask.
Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hand-held scanner ( 100 ) generates at least one other pattern (X ') besides the pattern (X) to change the resolution and / or dot density.
Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the other pattern (X ') offset in time to the pattern (X) and / or in another wavelength range and / or by means of a second projector ( 122 ) is generated.
Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hand-held scanner ( 100 ) a foot part ( 104 ), preferably with the projector ( 121 . 122 ), a handle part protruding therefrom ( 106 ), preferably with a trigger ( 106 ), and a headboard arranged thereon ( 108 ), preferably with the first camera ( 111 ) and the second camera ( 112 ), having.
Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one separate projector ( 130 ) is provided, which generates a stationary pattern (Y) on the object (O), which also with moving hand scanner ( 100 ) rest.
DE102012112321.7A 2012-12-14 2012-12-14 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment Active DE102012112321B4 (en)
DE102012112321.7A DE102012112321B4 (en) 2012-12-14 2012-12-14 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
US13/767,154 US9599455B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2013-02-14 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
PCT/IB2013/003072 WO2014091306A1 (en) 2012-12-14 2013-11-27 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
JP2015547161A JP6347789B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2013-11-27 System for optically scanning and measuring the surrounding environment
GB1512192.4A GB2523714B (en) 2012-12-14 2013-11-27 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
CN201380065365.6A CN104854427A (en) 2012-12-14 2013-11-27 Device for optically scanning and measuring environment
US15/463,144 US9858682B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2017-03-20 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
DE102012112321A1 DE102012112321A1 (en) 2014-07-03
DE102012112321B4 true DE102012112321B4 (en) 2015-03-05
ID=50928393
DE102012112321.7A Active DE102012112321B4 (en) 2012-12-14 2012-12-14 Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment
US (2) US9599455B2 (en)
JP (1) JP6347789B2 (en)
CN (1) CN104854427A (en)
DE (1) DE102012112321B4 (en)
GB (1) GB2523714B (en)
WO (1) WO2014091306A1 (en)
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2012-12-14 DE DE102012112321.7A patent/DE102012112321B4/en active Active
2013-02-14 US US13/767,154 patent/US9599455B2/en active Active
2013-11-27 WO PCT/IB2013/003072 patent/WO2014091306A1/en active Application Filing
2013-11-27 CN CN201380065365.6A patent/CN104854427A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
2013-11-27 GB GB1512192.4A patent/GB2523714B/en active Active
2013-11-27 JP JP2015547161A patent/JP6347789B2/en active Active
2017-03-20 US US15/463,144 patent/US9858682B2/en active Active
JP6347789B2 (en) 2018-06-27
WO2014091306A1 (en) 2014-06-19
WO2014091306A4 (en) 2014-09-12
DE102012112321A1 (en) 2014-07-03
US9858682B2 (en) 2018-01-02
GB2523714A (en) 2015-09-02
US9599455B2 (en) 2017-03-21
CN104854427A (en) 2015-08-19
JP2015537228A (en) 2015-12-24
GB2523714B (en) 2018-08-08
US20140168379A1 (en) 2014-06-19
US20170193673A1 (en) 2017-07-06
GB201512192D0 (en) 2015-08-19
JP3623940B2 (en) 2005-02-23 Combined stereoscopic, color 3D digitization and motion capture system
EP2618102A2 (en) 2013-07-24 3d geometric modeling and 3d video content creation
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