Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7969097?dq=6,240,376
Timestamp: 2015-03-04 15:46:34
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Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

Patent US7969097 - Lighting device with color control, and method of lighting - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA lighting device comprising a group of one of more illumination solid state light emitters, a reference solid state light emitter and a reference sensor which detects an intensity of the reference solid state light emitter. Each of the emitters (1) has an illumination which is spaced from a first point...http://www.google.com/patents/US7969097?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7969097 - Lighting device with color control, and method of lightingAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7969097 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/755,149Publication dateJun 28, 2011Filing dateMay 30, 2007Priority dateMay 31, 2006Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN101454613A, EP2035745A2, EP2035745A4, US20070278974, WO2007142947A2, WO2007142947A3Publication number11755149, 755149, US 7969097 B2, US 7969097B2, US-B2-7969097, US7969097 B2, US7969097B2InventorsAntony Paul Van de VenOriginal AssigneeCree, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (104), Non-Patent Citations (31), Referenced by (9), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetLighting device with color control, and method of lighting
US 7969097 B2Abstract
A large proportion (some estimates are as high as twenty-five percent) of the electricity generated in the United States each year goes to lighting. Accordingly, there is an ongoing need to provide lighting which is more energy-efficient. It is well-known that incandescent light bulbs are very energy-inefficient light sources�about ninety percent of the electricity they consume is released as heat rather than light. Fluorescent light bulbs are more efficient than incandescent light bulbs (by a factor of about 10) but are still less efficient as compared to solid state light emitters, such as light emitting diodes.
Color reproduction is typically measured using the Color Rendering Index (CRI Ra). CRI Ra is a modified average of the relative measurements of how the color rendition of an illumination system compares to that of a reference radiator when illuminating eight reference colors, i.e., it is a relative measure of the shift in surface color of an object when lit by a particular lamp. The CRI Ra equals 100 if the color coordinates of a set of test colors being illuminated by the illumination system are the same as the coordinates of the same test colors being irradiated by the reference radiator. Daylight has a high CRI (Ra of approximately 100), with incandescent bulbs also being relatively close (Ra greater than 95), and fluorescent lighting being less accurate (typical Ra of 70-80). Certain types of specialized lighting have very low CRI (e.g., mercury vapor or sodium lamps have Ra as low as about 40 or even lower). Sodium lights are used, e.g., to light highways�driver response time, however, significantly decreases with lower CRI Ra values (for any given brightness, legibility decreases with lower CRI).
Because light that is perceived as white is necessarily a blend of light of two or more colors (or wavelengths), no single light emitting diode junction has been developed that can produce white light. �White� LED lamps have been produced which have a light emitting diode pixel formed of respective red, green and blue light emitting diodes. Another �white� LED lamp which has been produced includes (1) a light emitting diode which generates blue light and (2) a luminescent material (e.g., a phosphor) that emits yellow light in response to excitation by light emitted by the light emitting diode, whereby the blue light and the yellow light, when mixed, produce light that is perceived as white light.
The CRI Ra of efficient white LED lamps is generally low (in the range 65-75) as compared to incandescent light sources (Ra of 100). Additionally the color temperature for LEDs is generally �cooler� (�5500 K) and less desirable than the color temperature of incandescent or CCFL bulbs (�2700 K). Both of these deficiencies in LEDs can be improved by the addition of other LEDs or lumiphors of selected saturated colors. As indicated above, light sources according to the present invention can utilize specific color �blending� of light sources of specific (x,y) color chromaticity coordinates (see U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,555, filed Dec. 21, 2005, entitled �Lighting Device and Lighting Method� (inventors: Antony Paul Van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference). For example, light from additional selected saturated sources can be mixed with the unsaturated broad spectrum source(s) to provide uniform illumination without any areas of discoloration; and if desired, for cosmetic reasons, the individual light emitters can be made to be not visible as discreet devices or discreet color areas when the illumination source or aperture is viewed directly.
It is known to use sensors to monitor light emitted by a lighting device and measure the light's color and luminance, and then adjust the relative intensities of the different color light sources to �balance� the color back to white (or any other particular color, including white light of a particular color temperature) and maintain the required amount of brightness For example, such arrangements have been used in LED video displays and in LCD displays using light emitting diodes as the light emitters.
The expression �group� is used herein to designate solid state light emitters of a particular color or type. That is, where a reference solid state light emitter is referred to as being for a particular group of solid state light emitters, that reference solid state light emitter and those (or that) solid state light emitters are of a particular color or type, i.e., they emit light having color coordinates (e.g., on the 1976 CIE diagram) which is within a specified range. Thus, the benefits of the present invention can be provided, namely, any degradation or reduction of intensity in the solid state light emitters of the color or type will be similarly experienced by the reference solid state light emitter of the same (or similar) color or type, and such degradation or reduction will be accurately and reliably detected by the reference sensor for that group. Likewise, a reference sensor which is referred to as being for a particular group is used to sense the intensity of the light emitted by a reference solid state light emitter of that group.
Where a solid state light emitter (or any other light emitter) is described as being of a particular color (or is described as emitting light of a particular color), such description means that the light emitted from that light emitter corresponds to a particular point on the 1976 CIE diagram (or is within a specific delta u′, v′ relative to such point, e.g., not more than 0.015, 0.010 or 0.005), i.e., the color from such light emitter can be saturated or unsaturated. The expression �saturated�, as used herein, means having a purity of at least 85%, the term �purity� having a well-known meaning to persons skilled in the art, and procedures for calculating purity being well-known to those of skill in the art.
The expression �illumination�, as used herein when referring to light emitted from a light emitting diode, means that at least some current is being supplied to the light emitting diode to cause the light emitting diode to emit at least some light. The expression �illumination� encompasses situations where the light emitting diode emits light continuously or intermittently at a rate such that a human eye would perceive it as emitting light continuously, or where a plurality of light emitting diodes of the same color or different colors are emitting light intermittently and/or alternating (with or without overlap in �on� times) in such a way that a human eye would perceive them as emitting light continuously (and, in cases where different colors are emitted, as a mixture of those colors).
As noted above, one example of a family of solid state light emitters which can be employed are LEDs. Such LEDs can be selected from among any light emitting diodes (a wide variety of which are readily obtainable and well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore it is not necessary to describe in detail such devices, and/or the materials out of which such devices are made). For instance, examples of types of light emitting diodes include inorganic and organic light emitting diodes, a variety of each of which are well-known in the art. Such devices can include lumiphors, encapsulant, lead frames, and/or any of a wide variety of other structures, each of which are well-known in the art, and persons of skill in the art are readily able to incorporate such elements in the devices. For example, representative examples of LEDs which are suitable for use according to the present invention include those described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/753,138, filed on Dec. 22, 2005, entitled �Lighting Device� (inventor: Gerald H. Negley), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, in which light emitting diodes are included in a package together with one or more lumiphors, and the one or more lumiphors are spaced from the one or more light emitting diode to achieve improved light extraction efficiency. Additional representative examples of LEDs which are suitable for use according to the present invention include those described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/761,310, filed on Jan. 23, 2006, entitled �Shifting Spectral Content in LEDs by Spatially Separating Lumiphor Films� (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul Van de Ven), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, in which two or more lumiphors are provided, with the lumiphors being spaced from each other. Further representative examples of LEDs (and other solid state light emitting devices) which are suitable for use according to the present invention include those described in: (1) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,702, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled �Lighting Device� (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul Van de Ven), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; (2) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/802,697, filed on May 23, 2006, entitled �Lighting Device and Method of Making� (inventor: Gerald H. Negley), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; and (3) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,925, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled �Solid State Light Emitting Device and Method of Making Same� (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and F. Neal Hunter), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Additionally, as some light emitters (e.g., blue and white LED lamps and light emitters which use LEDs using a phosphor with a blue die) emit some blue light and also some UV radiation, in some embodiments according to the present invention, there is included an optical filter between the emitting face of the reference solid state light emitter(s) and the reference sensor(s), in order to attenuate (or eliminate) the amount of UV and deep blue radiation reaching the reference sensor. In some such embodiments, the optical filter is substantially transparent between 480 nm and 630 nm, while attenuating outside this range�persons of skill in the art are familiar with, and have access to, such optical filters. The expression �substantially transparent�, as used herein, means that the structure which is characterized as being substantially transparent allows passage of at least 90% of the light having a wavelength within the range emitted by the solid state light emitter.
The expression �reference solid state light emitter(s) is/are substantially identical in construction to corresponding solid state light emitter(s) in an illuminating part of the lighting device� means that the reference solid state light emitter(s) and the solid state light emitter(s) comprise the same active layers and, in some cases, (1) all of the elements of the respective light emitters are of the same material, (2) the respective light emitters are made by the same manufacturer, (3) the respective light emitters are from the same batch, (4) the respective light emitters each have an illumination which corresponds to a point on the 1976 CIE diagram which is spaced from a first point by a distance such that delta u′, v′ relative to the first point is not more than 0.015 on the 1976 CIE diagram, and in some cases, not more than 0.010 on the 1976 CIE diagram, and in some cases, not more than 0.005 on the 1976 CIE diagram, and/or (5) the respective light emitters each have a forward voltage temperature dependence which is within 5% of a first forward voltage temperature dependence.
The expression �operated with substantially the same amount of current� means that the respective current amounts differ, if at all, by not more than 5%, or that the currents are proportional in that a percentage variation in the one current is matched with a percentage in the other by not more than plus or minus 5% (and if the power input to a fixture is decreased by a particular amount, e.g., 50%, the respective current amounts would still not differ by more than 5%).
In some such embodiments, the reference chamber is highly non-absorbent. Persons of skill in the art are familiar with, have access to, and can make a wide variety of such chambers. For example, such chambers can comprise an integrating sphere (such are well-known to persons skilled in the art), and/or can include walls coated with (or constructed of) the material marketed by Furukawa (a Japanese corporation) under the trademark MCPET�, paper loaded with TiO2, barium sulfate or various ceramic formulations.
As noted above, in some embodiments according to the present invention, there is provided at least one UV light reducing element which is positioned between one or mole reference solid state light emitter of a particular group and the one or more corresponding reference sensor for that group, whereby if UV light is emitted by the reference solid state light emitter(s), the intensity of UV light reaching the reference sensor is reduce (relative to the intensity of the UV light emitted by the reference solid state light emitter). Persons of skill in the art are familiar with and have access to a wide variety of such UV light reducing elements. In some such embodiments, the UV light reducing element (or optical filter) is substantially transparent between 480 nm and 630 nm, while attenuating outside this range�persons of skill in the art are familiar with, and have access to, such elements.
A statement herein that two components are �electrically connected,� e.g., that a power line is directly or selectively electrically connected to one or more solid state light emitting diodes means that current can be supplied to the solid state light emitting diodes via the power line (or, a statement that a lighting device of the present invention is electrically connected (or selectively connected) to any desired power source means that current can be supplied from the power supply to the lighting device. The word �selectively� in the above expressions indicates that the electrical connection can selectively be broken, e.g., by opening a switch in the power line. Either expression, i.e., �electrically connected� or �selectively electrically connected� encompasses devices in which a switch or other device can be adjusted to adjust the magnitude of current flowing into the device or a portion of the device, i.e., not merely turning power on or off.
Representative examples of arrangements of lighting devices, schemes for mounting lighting devices, apparatus for supplying electricity to lighting devices, housings for lighting devices, fixtures for lighting devices and power supplies for lighting devices, all of which are suitable for the lighting devices of the present invention, are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,753, filed on Dec. 21, 2005, entitled �Lighting Device� (inventors: Gerald H, Negley, Antony Paul Van de Ven and Neal Hunter), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/798,446, filed on May 5, 2006, entitled �Lighting Device� (inventor: Antony Paul Van de Ven), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
As indicated above, lighting devices according to the present invention can provide all or part of the light involved in color �blending� of light sources, e.g., of desired (x,y) color chromaticity coordinates. For example, lighting devices according to the present invention can be used to provide all or part of the light involved in the blending described in:
(1) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,555, filed Dec. 21, 2005, entitled �Lighting Device and Lighting Method� (inventors: Antony Paul Van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference); (2) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/793,524, filed Apr. 20, 2006, entitled �Lighting Device and Lighting Method� (inventors: Antony Paul Van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference); (3) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/793,518, filed Apr. 20, 2006, entitled �Lighting Device and Lighting Method� (inventors: Antony Paul Van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference); (4) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/793,530, filed Apr. 20, 2006, entitled �Lighting Device and Lighting Method� (inventors: Antony Paul Van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference); (5) U.S. Pat. No. 7,213,940, issued on May 8, 2007, entitled �LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD� (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; and (6) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,134, filed on Dec. 1, 2006, entitled �LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD� (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The expression �supplying current of substantially the first current magnitude� means that the magnitude of the current differs, if at all, from the first current magnitude by not more than 5%, or that the currents are proportional in that a percentage variation in the one current is matched with a percentage in the other by not more than plus or minus 5% (and if the power input to a fixture is decreased by a particular amount, e.g., 50%, the respective current amounts would still not differ by more than 5%).
In an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lighting device which comprises at least a first group of solid state light emitters and a second group of solid state light emitters (each group comprising at least one solid state light emitter) at least one first group reference solid state light emitter and at least one second group reference solid state light emitter. In this aspect of the present invention, the first group reference solid state light emitter and the second group reference solid state light emitter produce a combined reference illumination which is detected by a first group-second group combined illumination reference sensor. In this aspect, at least one of the sensors in the device senses a combination of different groups (colors) of solid state light emitters. For example, in some embodiments, there are provided fixtures which combine red LEDs and YGW (yellow-green-white) LED lamps in a single group (a �pink� string of LEDs) controlled by the same current as well as other groups (strings) of substantially the same color. In this case, the associated reference LED group should contain at least one each of the different types (colors) of LEDs. In older to ensure that the proportion of light from each color of LED in the reference group is equal to the proportion of the colors in the illuminating group, an attenuating filter (e.g., a neutral gray color) can be provided for at least one of the LED types in the reference group. The combination of the attenuated lights of one type and the light of a second type impinges onto the sensor and is representative of the luminance and color of the light being emitted as illumination by the illuminating group.
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