Source: http://www.google.de/patents/US5807494
Timestamp: 2013-05-25 19:56:05
Document Index: 164596435

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 272127', 'Application No. 272127', 'Application No. 410152', 'Application No. 433229', 'Application No. 410152', 'Application No. 433229', 'Application No. 92145679', 'Application No. 9295517', 'Application No. 92241473', 'Application No. 9133147', 'Application No. 92145679', 'Application No. 9295517', 'Application No. 92241473', 'Application No. 9133147', 'Application No. 636591', 'Application No. 636591', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08']

Patent US5807494 - Gel compositions comprising silica and functionalized carbon products - Google PatenteSuche Bilder Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive Mehr » Erweiterte Patentsuche | Webprotokoll | Anmelden Erweiterte Patentsuche PatenteNew gel compositions which comprise a carbonaceous component attached to a gel component. Preferably, the carbonaceous component is selected from the group consisting of: carbon blacks, carbon fibers, activated carbons and graphitic carbons; and the gel component is selected from the group consisting...http://www.google.de/patents/US5807494?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5807494 - Gel compositions comprising silica and functionalized carbon products Ver�ffentlichungsnummerUS5807494 APublikationstypErteilung Anmeldenummer08/356,849 Ver�ffentlichungsdatum15. Sept. 1998Eingetragen15. Dez. 1994 Priorit�tsdatum15. Dez. 1994Auch ver�ffentlicht unterCA2207417A1CN1096880CCN1173144AEP0871540A2EP0871540B1US6107350WO1996018456A2WO1996018456A3 ErfinderWilliam C. AckermanJames A. BelmontRalph Ulrich BoesDavid J. KaulDouglas M. SmithUrspr�nglich Bevollm�chtigterCabot Corporation US-Klassifikation252/62423/449.2106/472Internationale KlassifikationB01J20/32C01B31/02C08L61/28B01D71/02B01D69/14B01J21/18C09C1/44C09K3/00B01J20/20C09C1/56C08K3/04B01J20/30C04B30/00B01J20/10B01J13/00B01J21/00C08L61/08C08K3/00F02B77/11C08L61/12C08L61/00B01D71/00C01B31/00B01D69/00F02B77/13C09D17/00 UnternehmensklassifikationC09C1/56B01J20/32B01J20/103B01J21/18C09K3/00C09D17/005F02B77/13B01D69/141B01D71/021C04B30/00B01J20/20 Europ�ische KlassifikationB01D 71/02CB01J 21/18B01D 69/14BC09C 1/56C09D 17/00J2B01J 20/32F02B 77/13C09K 3/00B01J 20/20C04B 30/00B01J 20/10BReferenzenPatentzitate (100)Nichtpatentzitate (129) Referenziert von (11)Externe LinksUSPTO USPTO-Zuordnung EspacenetGel compositions comprising silica and functionalized carbon productsUS 5807494 A Zusammenfassung New gel compositions which comprise a carbonaceous component attached to a gel component. Preferably, the carbonaceous component is selected from the group consisting of: carbon blacks, carbon fibers, activated carbons and graphitic carbons; and the gel component is selected from the group consisting of: metal oxide gels and polymeric gels. □ Also disclosed are new gel compositions comprising: a gel component and a carbon black product having attached at least one organic group, the organic group comprising: a) at least one aromatic group, and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group, wherein at least one aromatic group of the organic group is directly attached to the carbon black. Further disclosed are new gel compositions comprising: a gel component and a carbon black product having attached at least one organic group, the organic group comprising: a) at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl group, and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group, wherein at least one alkyl group of the organic group is directly attached to the carbon black. Uses for the gel compositions are also disclosed.
We claim: 1. A gel composition comprising: a gel component, wherein said gel comprises silica and a carbon black product having attached at least one organic group, the organic group comprising a) at least one aromatic group, and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group, wherein at least one aromatic group of the organic group is directly attached to the carbon black.
5. A gel composition comprising: a gel component, wherein said gel comprises silica and a carbon black product having attached at least one organic group, the organic group comprising: a) at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl group, and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group, wherein at least one alkyl group of the organic group is directly attached to the carbon black.
7. Thermal insulation comprising: a silica gel composition according to claim 1 or claim 5 comprising a carbon black produce attached to said gel component.
8. A gel composition according to claim 1 or claim 5 comprising: a carbonaceous component attached to a gel component wherein the carbonaceous component comprises: carbon black, carbon fiber, activated carbon, graphitic carbon or mixtures thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As set forth above, the gel composition of the present invention comprises:
Ionizable functional groups forming anions include, for example, acidic groups or salts of acidic groups. The organic groups, therefore, include groups derived from organic acids. Preferably, when it contains an ionizable group forming an anion, such an organic group has a) an aromatic group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl group and b) at least one acidic group having a pKa of less than 11, or at least one salt of an acidic group having a pKa of less than 11, or a mixture of at least one acidic group having a pKa of less than 11 and at least one salt of an acidic group having a pKa of less than 11. The pKa of the acidic group refers to the pKa of the organic group as a whole, not just the acidic substituent. More preferably, the pKa is less than 10 and most preferably less than 9. Preferably, the aromatic group or the C.sub.1 -.sub.12 alkyl group of the organic group is directly attached to the carbon black. The aromatic group may be further substituted or unsubstituted, for example, with alkyl groups. The C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl group may be branched or unbranched and is preferably ethyl. More preferably, the organic group is a phenyl or a naphthyl group and the acidic group is a sulfonic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, or a carboxylic acid group. Examples include --COOH, --SO.sub.3 H and --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, and their salts, for example --COONa, --COOK, --COO.sup.- NR.sub.4.sup.+, --SO.sub.3 Na, --HPO.sub.3 Na, --SO.sub.3.sup.- NR.sub.4.sup.+, and PO.sub.3 Na.sub.2, where R is an alkyl or phenyl group. Particularly preferred ionizable substituents are --COOH and --SO.sub.3 H and their sodium and potassium salts.
Amines represent examples of ionizable functional groups that form cationic groups and can be attached to the same organic groups as discussed above for the ionizable groups which form anions. For example, amines may be protonated to form ammonium groups in acidic media Preferably, an organic group having an amine substituent has a pKb of less than 5. Quaternary ammonium groups (--NR.sub.3.sup.+) and quaternary phosphonium groups (--PR.sub.3.sup.+) also represent examples of cationic groups and can be attached to the same organic groups as discussed above for the ionizable groups which form anions. Preferably, the organic group contains an aromatic group such as a phenyl or a naphthyl group and a quaternary ammonium or a quaternary phosphonium group. The aromatic group is preferably directly attached to the carbon black. Quaternized cyclic amines, and quaternized aromatic amines, can also be used as the organic group. Thus, N-substituted phyridinium compounds, such as N-methyl-pyridyl, can be used in this regard.
a carbon black product having attached at least one organic group, the organic group comprising a) at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl group, and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group, wherein at least one alkyl group of the organic group is directly attached to the carbon black Preferably the ionic or the ionizable group is selected from the group consisting of: an ethane sulfonic acid or a salt thereof. Carbon black products, suitable for use in the various embodiments of this gel composition of the present invention may also be produced in the manner described above with reference to the creation of an attachable carbonaceous component.
6) Aging the resulting gel in a mold for approximately 24 hours at 50
7) Washing the resulting gel with water to replace the solvent component with water, and then aging the gel in water at elevated temperature (up to 100 hours;
EXAMPLES Three carbon blacks, CB-A, CB-B and CB-C, were utilized in the following examples. The analytical properties of each of the carbon blacks, as determined by the procedures described above, were as shown in Table 1 below:
Modification of Carbonaceous Materials Examples 14 illustrate methods of modifying carbonaceous materials, in particular carbon blacks. These examples also set forth the procedures utilized to produce the modified carbon blacks, Modified CB-A, Modified CB-B, Phenolic CB-B and Modified CB-C utilized in the remaining examples.
Example 1 This example illustrates the preparation of a modified carbon black product utilizing the carbon black designated as CB-A in Table 1 above.
Two hundred grams of CB-A was added to a solution of 10.1 g sulfanilic acid and 6.23 g of concentrated nitric acid in 21 g of water. A solution of 4.87 g of NaNO.sub.2 in 10 g of water was added to the rapidly stirring mixture. 4-Sulfobenzenediazonium hydroxide inner salt is formed in situ, which reacts with the carbon black. After 15 minutes, the dispersion was dried in an oven at 125 C.
The resulting carbon black product was designated "Modified CB-A" and is a carbon black having attached 4-C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3.sup.- groups.
Example 2 This example illustrates the preparation of a modified carbon black product utilizing the carbon black designated as CB-B in Table 1 above.
A solution prepared from 36.2 g sulfanilic acid, 8.76 g NaOH and 162 g of water was cooled in ice. Twenty grams of NO.sub.2 was added with stirring and the resulting suspension was warmed to 75 C. and added without delay to a pelletizer containing 300 g of CB-B. After pelletizing for three minutes, 35 g of additional water was added. After pelletizing for two additional minutes, the product was removed from the pelletizer and dried in an oven at approximately 125 residue of 0.14%, compared to 94% for the unreacted carbon black
The resulting carbon black product was designated "Modified CB-B" and is a carbon black having attached 4-C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3.sup.- groups.
Example 3 This example illustrates the preparation of a different modified carbon black product, than Example 2, utilizing the carbon black designated as CB-B in Table 1 above.
The resulting carbon black product was designated "Phenolic CB-B" and is a carbon black having attached 4,3-C.sub.6 H.sub.4 (OH)(SO.sub.3.sup.-) groups.
Example 4 This example illustrates the preparation of a modified carbon black product utilizing the carbon black designated as CB-C in Table 1 above.
Two hundred grams of CB-C was mixed into 2.8 L of water. Sulfanilic acid (42.4 g) was dissolved into the stirring mixture, and then a cold solution of 25.5 g NO.sub.2 in 100 g of water was added with rapid stirring. 4-Sulfobenzenediazonium hydroxide inner salt is formed in situ, which reacts with the carbon black. Bubbles were released. After stirring for one hour, 5 g of NO.sub.2 was introduced directly into the mixture. The dispersion was stirred for 15 minutes, left overnight and dried in an oven at 130
The resulting carbon black product was designated "Modified CB-C" and is a carbon black having attached 4-C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3.sup.- groups.
Alkoxide Gel Precursor (Up to 50%. by Weight (Solids) Loading) Examples Examples 5-22 are directed to gels produced from an alkoxide precursor only, and with an amount, less than or equal to 50%, by weight (solids), of a carbonaceous component.
Example 5 A concentrated silica sol was prepared by mixing 61 ml (milliliters) of tetraethyl orthosilicate (98% pure), 61 ml of ethyl alcohol, 4.87 ml deionized water, and 0.2 ml of 1M hydrochloric acid in a 500 ml round bottom flask with vigorous stirring. The flask was placed in a heating mantle and the mixture refluxed with the aid of a condenser at 70 C. for 2 hours. The resulting sol, which contained 15% SiO.sub.2 by weight, was cooled and stored at 5
Prior to gelation the sol was warmed to room temperature and the concentration was adjusted by dilution with ethyl alcohol such that the resulting mixture contained 11% SiO.sub.2 by weight. This was accomplished by combining 70% by volume original sol with 30% by volume ethyl alcohol. Gelation was initiated by addition of 0.5M NH.sub.4 OH in a volume ratio of 1:10 ammonia to sol. After the ammonia was added, the mixture was allowed to stir for 2-5 minutes and then cast into cylindrical tubes. Gelation occurred within 7-10 minutes. The gels were then sealed within the molds to prevent drying and aged at 50 the initial aging the gels were removed from the mold, placed in sealed tubes containing deionized water and aged further at 70 additional 24 hours. Upon removal from the oven the gels were rinsed several times with deionized water.
The gels were then placed in sealed tubes containing acetone and allowed to exchange pore fluid (primarily water) for 10 hours at 50 end of a 10 hour interval the gels were rinsed with acetone. This process was repeated a total of 3 times. After three such intervals a portion of the gels were then directly dried from acetone, first at 50 12 hours then at 140 gels showed some shrinkage and each had a measured bulk density of 0.5-0.6 g/cm.sup.3.
The remaining gels were placed in sealed tubes containing heptane and allowed to exchange pore fluid for 10 hours at 50 a 10 hour interval the gels were rinsed with heptane. This process was repeated three times. After three such intervals the gels were then directly dried from heptane, first at 70 140 cylindrical shapes with the least amount of shrinkage and each had a bulk density of 0.4-0.44 g/cm.sup.3.
Example 6 This example illustrates the production of gel compositions which contain an unmodified carbon black component, designated herein as "CB-A", having the analytical properties set forth in Table 1.
As in the previous Example, the ammonia was added, the CB-A was dispersed with vigorous stirring for 2-5 minutes and then cast into cylindrical tubes. Gelation occurred within 8-12 minutes. The gels were then aged for 24 hrs at 50 hours in deionized water at 70 exchanged and dried as outlined in Example 5, from acetone and heptane.
Examples 7-11 The steps from Example 6 were repeated with the exception that the amount of CB-A was increased from 10 to 50% of the total solids, the balance being silica. The particular amount of carbon black utilized in each example, as a percentage of total solids, is shown in the Table below:
Example 12 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
Examples 13-17 These examples illustrate the production of gel compositions of the present invention which comprise a carbon black attached to a gel component.
Example 18 In this Example the procedures used in Examples 6-12 were substantially repeated utilizing a different carbon black, designated herein as "CB-B", having the analytical properties set forth in Table 1.
Example 19 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
Example 20 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
Example 21 In this Example the procedures used in the previous Examples 5-21 were substantially repeated utilizing a different carbon black, designated herein as "CB-C", having the analytical properties set forth in Table 1.
Example 22 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
TABLE 2______________________________________Alkoxide Precursor Gels (&#8806;50% Carbon) Dried in Acetone              Carbon              Black              %, by           Bulk  Carbon      weight   Drying Density                                     RubExample  Black       (solids) Solvent                              (g/cm.sup.3)                                     Off______________________________________5      None        None     Acetone                              0.60   --6      CB-A         5%      Acetone                              0.55   17.57      CB-A        10%      Acetone                              0.45   238      CB-A        15%      Acetone                              0.48   359      CB-A        20%      Acetone                              0.43   4010     CB-A        30%      Acetone                              0.49   3511     CB-A        50%      Acetone                              0.51   4512     Modified CB-A               5%      Acetone                              0.45   7.513     Modified CB-A              10%      Acetone                              0.43   1514     Modified CB-A              15%      Acetone                              0.38   1515     Modified CB-A              20%      Acetone                              0.38   2516     Modified CB-A              30%      Acetone                              0.42   2517     Modified CB-A              50%      Acetone                              0.47   3018     CB-B        15%      Acetone                              0.45   2519     Modified CB-B              15%      Acetone                              0.44   1520     Phenolic CB-B              15%      Acetone                              0.35   1021     CB-C        15%      Acetone                              0.38   3522     Modified CB-C              15%      Acetone                              0.37   15______________________________________
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________Alkoxide Precursor Gels (&#8806;50% Carbon) Dried in Heptane         Carbon         Black         %, by       Bulk     SEM Carbon  weight               Drying                     Density                          Rub FIG.Example Black   (solids)               Solvent                     (g/cm.sup.3)                          Off #__________________________________________________________________________5     None    None  Heptane                     0.40 --  16     CB-A     5%   Heptane                     0.38 15  --7     CB-A    10%   Heptane                     0.37 20  --8     CB-A    15%   Heptane                     0.31 30  29     CB-A    20%   Heptane                     0.34 40  --10    CB-A    30%   Heptane                     0.36 35  --11    CB-A    50%   Heptane                     0.41 45  --12    Modified CB-A          5%   Heptane                     0.36  5  --13    Modified CB-A         10%   Heptane                     0.34 15  --14    Modified CB-A         15%   Heptane                     0.29 10  315    Modified CB-A         20%   Heptane                     0.30 25  --16    Modified CB-A         30%   Heptane                     0.31 20  --17    Modified CB-A         50%   Heptane                     0.33 30  --18    CB-B    15%   Heptane                     0.36 25  419    Modified CB-B         15%   Heptane                     0.31 10  520    Phenolic CB-B         15%   Heptane                     0.26 5   621    CB-C    15%   Heptane                     0.31 30  722    Modified CB-C         15%   Heptane                     0.30 10  8__________________________________________________________________________ SEM FIG. # = Scanning Electron Microscope Figure Number
Sodium Silicate Gel Precursor (Up to 50%, by Weight (Solids) Loading) Examples Examples 23-28 are directed to gels produced from a sodium silicate precursor and less than or equal to 50%, by weight (solids), of a carbonaceous component.
Example 23 A silica stock solution was prepared by mixing commercially available sodium silicate (SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of 3.22:1) with deionized water in a volume ratio of 1.33:1 water to sodium silicate. The temperature of the mixture was maintained at 15 stirring in a jacketed beaker. A separate solution comprising 2M H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 was prepared by diluting concentrated sulfuric acid (96%) with water. An aliquot of 104 ml of the sodium silicate stock solution was then slowly added to 50 ml of stirred 2M acid. The rate of silicate addition was kept constant at 1 ml/minute and the acid solution was maintained at 15 approximately 10 wt % silica in a salty solution.
The gels were allowed to age for 1-2 hours at 50 after which they were placed in sealed tubes containing deionized water and kept at room temperature. Fresh water was added every 3 hours for a total of 12 hours at which time it was determined (by insertion of a sodium electrode) that the sodium sulfate salt was completely removed from the gel.
The gels were then aged at 70 hours. Upon removal from the oven the gels were rinsed several times with deionized water, placed in sealed tubes with acetone and allowed to exchange pore fluid for 10 hours at 50 the gels were rinsed with acetone and stored in fresh acetone at 50
After three such intervals, the gels were placed in sealed tubes containing heptane and allowed to exchange pore fluid for 10 hours. At the end of 10 hours the gels were rinsed with heptane and stored in fresh heptane at 50
After three such intervals, the gels were dried directly from heptane, first at 70 additional 12 hours. The resulting dried gels retained their cylindrical forms and exhibited minimal shrinkage.
Example 24 This example illustrates the production of gel compositions which contain an unmodified carbon black component, designated herein as "CB-A", having the analytical properties set forth in Table 1.
After gelation the materials were aged at 50 in Example 23, removed from the molds, and then washed free of salt for 12 hours at room temperature. The loaded gels were then solvent exchanged and dried as outlined in Example 23, from heptane.
Example 25 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
The Modified CB-A was dispersed in a beaker of acetone, vacuum filtered, and then rinsed repeatedly with deionized water until the pH of the wash water was close to neutral. The Modified CB-A was then dried at 140
After gelation the materials were aged at 50 before, removed from the molds, and then washed free of salt for 12 hours at room temperature. The gel compositions were then aged up to 24 hours at 70 exchanged and dried from heptane as outlined in the prior Examples.
Example 26 In this Example the procedures used in Example 24 were substantially repeated utilizing a different carbon black, designated herein as "CB-B", having the analytical properties set forth in Table 1.
After gelation, the materials were aged at 50 before, removed from the molds and then washed free of salt for 12 hours at room temperature. The gel compositions were then aged up to 24 hours at 70 then solvent exchanged and dried from heptane as outlined in the prior examples.
Example 27 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
The Modified CB-B was dispersed in a beaker of acetone, vacuum filtered, and then rinsed repeatedly with deionized water until the pH of the wash water was close to neutral. The Modified CB-B was then dried at 140
After gelation, the materials were aged at 50 before, removed from the molds, and then washed free of salt for 12 hours at room temperature. The gel compositions were then aged up to 24 hours at 70 dried from heptane as outlined in the prior Examples.
Example 28 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
The Phenolic CB-B was dispersed in a beaker of acetone, vacuum filtered, and then rinsed repeatedly with deionized water until the pH of the wash water was close to neutral. The Phenolic CB-B was then dried at 140
TABLE 4______________________________________Sodium Silicate Precursor Gels (&#8806;50% Carbon)Ex-   Carbon               Drying Bulk    Rub-ample Black       Amount   Solvent                             Density Off______________________________________23    None        None     Heptane                             0.20 g/cm3                                     --24    CB-A        10%      Heptane                             0.22 g/cm3                                     2525    Modified CB-A             10%      Heptane                             0.21 g/cm3                                     1526    CB-B        10%      Heptane                             0.19 g/cm3                                     1627    Modified CB-B             10%      Heptane                             0.19 g/cm3                                     728    Phenolic CB-B             10%      Heptane                             0.21 g/cm3                                     2.5______________________________________
Alkoxide Precursor (Greater than 50%, by Weight (Solids) Loading) Examples Examples 29-34 are directed to gels produced from an alkoxide precursor and greater than 50%, by weight (solids), of a carbonaceous component.
Example 29 The steps from Example 11 were repeated with the exception that the amount of CB-A was increased to 60% of the total solids contents and the aging and drying steps were changed. As before, the appropriate amount of CB-A was added and the sol was diluted with ethyl alcohol to maintain a constant total solids content. Gelation was initiated in the same fashion as in previous examples 5-22. The gels were then aged for 24 hours at 50 water and aging at 70 the mother liquor, first at 50 140
Example 30 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
As in previous examples, the Modified CB-A was washed and then dispersed into the partially hydrolyzed silica solution such that 60% of the total solids content was Modified CB-A and the balance was silica. As before, the sol was diluted with ethyl alcohol to maintain a constant total solids content and gelation was initiated in an analogous fashion. The gels were then dried directly from the mother liquor as in Example 29, by aging for 24 hours at 50 140
Example 31 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
The steps from Example 30 were repeated with the exception that the amount of Modified CB-A was increased to 70% of the total solids, the balance being silica. As before, the sol was diluted with ethyl alcohol to maintain a constant total solids content and gelation was initiated in an analogous fashion. The gels were then aged for 24 hours at 50 in the sealed cylindrical molds and then dried directly from the mother liquor, first at 50 hours.
Example 32 In this Example the procedures used in Example 29 were substantially repeated utilizing a different carbon black, designated herein as "CB-C", having the analytical properties set forth in Table 1.
The CB-C was dispersed into the partially hydrolyzed silica solution such that 80% of the total solids content was CB-C and the balance was silica. As before, the sol was diluted with ethyl alcohol to maintain a constant total solids content and gelation was initiated in an analogous fashion. The gels were then aged for 24 hours at 50 cylindrical molds and then dried directly from the mother liquor, first at 50
Example 33 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
As in previous examples, the Modified CB-C was washed and then dispersed into the partially hydrolyzed silica solution such that 80% of the total solids content was Modified CB-C and the balance was silica. As before, the sol was diluted with ethyl alcohol to maintain a constant total solids content and gelation was initiated in an analogous fashion. The gels were then aged for 24 hours at 50 and then dried directly from the mother liquor, first at 50 10 hours, then at 140
Example 34 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
The steps from Example 33 were repeated with the exception that the amount of Modified CB-C which was utilized in the gel composition was increased to 85% of the total solids content. As before, the appropriate amount of Modified CB-C was added, and the sol was diluted with ethyl alcohol to maintain a constant total solids content and gelation was initiated in an analogous fashion. The gels were then aged for 24 hours at 50 in the sealed cylindrical molds and then dried directly from the mother liquor, first at 50 hours.
Example 35 This example illustrates the production of a gel composition of the present invention comprising a carbon black attached to a gel component.
The steps from Example 33 were repeated with the exception that the amount of Modified CB-C which was utilized in the gel composition was increased to 90% of the total solids content As before, the appropriate amount of Modified CB-C was added and the sol was diluted with ethyl alcohol to maintain a constant total solids content and gelation was initiated in an analogous fashion. The gels were then aged for 24 hours at 50 in the sealed cylindrical molds and then dried directly from the mother liquor, first at 50 hours.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________Alkoxide Precursor Gels (&amp;gt;50% Carbon)Carbon        Drying  BulkExampleBlack    Amount              Solvent Density                             Form__________________________________________________________________________29   CB-A     60%  Mother liquor                      0.53 g/cm3                             Fines30   Modified CB-A         60%  Mother liquor                      0.54 g/cm3                             Pellet31   Modified CB-A         70%  Mother liquor                      0.61 g/cm3                             Pellet32   CB-C     80%  Mother liquor                      0.66 g/cm3                             Fines33   Modified CB-C         80%  Mother liquor                      0.65 g/cm3                             Pellet34   Modified CB-C         85%  Mother liquor                      0.66 g/cm3                             Pellet35   Modified CB-C         90%  Mother liquor                      0.63 g/cm3                             Pellet__________________________________________________________________________
SUMMARY OF RESULTS As a whole, the SEM and Rub-off data from the foregoing examples illustrates that in the gel compositions of the present invention the carbonaceous component (Modified CB-A, Modified CB-B, Phenolic CB-B and Modified CB-C) is attached to the gel component.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of a fracture surface of the gel composition, dried from heptane, produced in Example 5.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to new gel compositions.
BACKGROUND Gels and processes for producing them, are well known. As used herein the term "gel" encompasses aerogels, xerogels, hydrogels and other gels known in the art. The term "aerogel" was coined by S. S. Kistler in U.S. Pat. No. 2,188,007 and is generally utilized to refer to a gel which has been dried under supercritical temperature/pressure conditions. Gels, in particular aerogels, are utilized in a wide variety of applications, including thermal and acoustic insulation, catalyst supports and carriers, filters and molecular sieves and electronics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a new gel composition which has improved performance properties in comparison with heretofore known gels. The gel composition of the present invention comprises:
a carbon black product having attached at least one organic group, the organic group comprising: a) at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl group, and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group, wherein at least one alkyl group of the organic group is directly attached to the carbon black. Details relating to processes for preparing the carbon black product, and preferred embodiments of the new gel composition are set forth in the following Detailed Description of the Invention Section.
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