Source: https://esay.in/info_detail?title=07-rainwater-harvesting&id=1978
Timestamp: 2020-05-28 12:31:05
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07-RAINWATER HARVESTING | ESAY EngInfo | Engineering Sources Around You
The storage of rain water on surface is a traditional technique and the structures used were underground tanks, ponds, check dams, weirs etc. Recharge to ground water is a new concept of rain water harvesting and the structures generally used are:-
1.1 Applicable Building system: The provisions of OECBC Code, 2011 shall apply to.— (a) buildings/ building complexes (such as offices, hotels, shopping complexes, private hospitals and others that are not primarily for industrial i.e. manufacturing use) with Connected load of 100 KW or greater OR a contract demand of 120 KVA or greater OR Conditioned area of 500 m2 or more; (b) building envelopes, except for non-air conditioned storage spaces or warehouses, (c) mechanical systems and equipment, including heating, ventilating and air conditioning, (d) service hot water heating, (e) interior and exterior lighting, and (f) electrical power and motors.
1.2 Exemptions: The provisions of this code shall not apply to.— (a) Buildings that do not use either electricity or fossil fuel, and (b) Equipment and portions of building systems that use energy primarily for manufacturing processes.
1.3 Safety, Health and Environmental Codes Take Precedence: Where this code is found to conflict with safety, health, or environmental codes, the safety, health, or environmental codes shall be take precedence.
1.4 Reference Standards: Energy Conservation Building Code, 2007 and National Building Code of India are the primary reference documents/standard for lighting levels, HVAC, comfort levels, natural ventilation, pump and motor efficiencies, transformer efficiencies and any other building materials and system performance criteria.
1.6Mandatory Requirements: Compliance with the requirements of OECBC Code, 2011 shall be mandatory for all applicable buildings as specified in Clause (2).
1.7New Buildings: New buildings shall comply with either the provisions of Clause (4) through Clause (9) of OECBC Code, 2011 or the whole Building Performance Method of Appendix B (11) of the said code.
1.8 Additions to Existing Buildings: Where the addition plus the existing building exceeds the conditioned floor area of Clause (2), the additions shall comply with the provisions of Clause-4 through Clause (9) of OECBC Code
1.9 Alterations to Existing Buildings: Where the existing building exceeds the conditioned floor are threshold in Clause (2), portions of a building and its systems that are being altered shall meet the provisions of Clause (4) through Clause (9) of OECBC Code, 2011.The specific requirements for alterations are described in the following sub-sections Exception to Clause (4): When the entire building complies with all of the provisions of Clause (4) through Clause (9) of OECBC Code, 2011 as if it were a new building.
1.10 Building Envelope: Alterations to the building envelope shall comply with the requirements of Clause (4) of OECBC Code, 2011 or fenestration, insulation, and air leakage applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. Exception to Clause (4.1): The following alterations need not comply with these requirements provided such alterations do not increase the energy usage of the building: (a) Replacement of glass in an existing sash and frame, provided the U-factor and SHGC of the replacement glazing are equal to or lower than the existing glazing. (b) Modifications to roof/ceiling, wall, or floor cavities, which are insulated to full depth with insulation (c) Modifications to walls and floors without cavities and where no new cavities are created.
1.11 Heating, Ventilation and air conditioning: Alterations to building heating, ventilating, and air conditioning equipment or systems shall comply with the requirements of Clause (5) of OECBC Code, 2011 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. Any new equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control device.
1.12 Service Water Heating: Alterations to building service water heating equipment or systems shall comply with the requirements of Clause (6) of OECBC Code, 2011 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. Any new equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control device.
1.13 Lighting: Alterations to building lighting equipment or systems shall comply with the requirements of Clause (7) of OECBC Code, 2011 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. New lighting systems, including controls, installed in an existing building and any change of building area type as listed in Table 7.1 shall be considered an alteration. Any new equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control device. Exception to Clause (4.4): Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaries in a space need not comply with these requirements provided such alterations do not increase the connected lighting load.
1.14ve minimum star rating as notified by the Government of Odisha or as amended from time to time. Refer to Appendix-K for further details.
1.15 Compliance Approaches: The building shall comply first with all the mandatory provisions (4.2, 5.2, 6.2, 7.2 and 9) and either of the following:
(a) Prescriptive Method (4.3, 5.3, 7.3) Exception to 3.2(a): The envelopes trade -off option of 4.4, may be used in place of the prescriptive criteria of 4.3. (b) Whole Building Performances Method (Appendix B-11) The OECBC compliant buildings in the design stage shall achieve an Energy Performance Index value at least that of a three star level building as specified in Annexure-II (18.3) of Appendix-H (of OECBC code).
1.16 Administration Requirements: Administrative requirements relating to permit requirements, enforcement interpretations, claims of exemption, approved calculation methods, and rights of appeal are specified by the authority having jurisdiction.
ANNEXURE -VI STANDARDS FOR WATER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
Notes for general guidance for water supply arrangements: For new construction: Provision shall be made for under-ground tank for the storage of water, having capacity at 200 litres per person with adequate pumping arrangements to supply water to upper floors. Filtered water connection will be allowed only for use of drinking and bathing needs. For other purposes i.e. flushing and gardening etc., the individual shall be required to have own.
IS STANDARDS FOR STRUCTURAL SAFETY
Sl. No Title Code
1 "Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete" IS: 456:2000
2 "Code of Practice for General Construction in Steel" IS: 800-2007
3 "Code of Practice for Use of Cold Formal Light Gauge Steel Structural Members in General Building Construction" IS: 801-1975
4 Design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures Part2 Imposed Loads. IS 875 (Part 2):1987
5 Design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures Part 3 Wind Loads. IS 875 (Part 3):1987
6 Design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures Part 4 Snow Loads. IS 875 (Part 4):1987
7 Design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures Part 5 special loads and load combination. IS 875 (Part 5):1987
8 "Code of Practice for Design of Structural Timber in Building" IS: 883:1994
9 "Code of Practice for Structural Safety of Buildings: Foundation" IS: 1904:1986
(R 2005)
10 "Code of Practice for Structural Safety of Buildings: Masonry Walls" IS 1905:1987
"Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Pile FoundationSection1"
Part1:Section2BoredCast-in-situPiles
11 Part1:Section3DrivenPrecastConcretePiles
Part1:Section4BoredPrecastConcretePiles IS 2911(Part 1):
Part2:TimberPiles
Part3:UnderReamedPiles
12 "Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, Part 3, Wind Loads" IS 875 (3):1987
13 Guidelines for improving the Cyclonic Resistance of Low rise houses and other building. IS 875 (3)-1987
14 "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (Fifth Revision)" IS: 1893 (Part 1)-
15 "Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic Forces - Code of Practice" IS:13920-1993
16 "Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings - Code of Practice (Second Revision)"s IS:4326-2013
17 "Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings - Guidelines" IS:13828-1993
18 "Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings Guidelines" IS:13827:1993
19 "Seismic Evaluation, Repair and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings -Guidelines" IS:13935-2009
20 Guidelines for retaining wall for hill area: Part 1 Selection of type of wall. IS 14458 (Part 1):
21 Guidelines for retaining wall for hill area: Part 2 Design of retaining/breast walls IS 14458 (Part 2):
22 Guidelines for retaining wall for hill area: Part 3 Construction of dry stone walls IS 14458 (Part 3):
23 Guidelines for preparation of landslide - Hazard zonation maps in mountainous terrains: Part 2 Macro-zonation. IS 14496 (Part 2):
Duties and Responsibilities of Developer:
(i) He/She shall appoint a qualified Architect/ Registered Technical Person to prepare plans, designs, drawings and specifications for execution of the works in accordance with the requirements of these rules.
(iv) He shall provide adequate safety measures for structural stability and protection against fire hazards likely from installation of services like electrical installation, plumbing, drainage, sanitation, water supply etc. wherever required under the rules.
(i) The Developers shall have to be registered with the Authority on payment of such fees as decided by the Authority from time to time.
(ii) The Authority may cancel or de-bar the developer
as referred to in these rules.
Access path from plot entry and surface parking to building entrance shall be minimum of 1800 mm. wide having even surface without any steps. Slope, if any, shall not have gradient greater than 5%. Selection of floor materials shall be made suitably to attract or to guide visually impaired persons (Limited to coloured floor material whose colour and brightness is conspicuously different from that of the surrounding floor material or the material that emit different sound to guide visually impaired persons hereinafter referred to as “guiding floor material”). (i) Finishes shall have non-slip surface with a texture traversable by a wheel chair. (ii) Curbs wherever provided shall blend to a common level.
For parking of vehicles of differently abled people, the following provisions shall be made:
The specified facilities for the buildings for handicapped persons shall be as follows:— (i) Approach at plinth level: Every building must have at least one entrance accessible to the handicapped and shall be indicated by proper signage. This entrance shall be approached through a ramp together with stepped entry.
(a) Guiding floor materials, shall be provided or devices that emit sound to guide visually impaired persons. (b) The minimum width shall be 1250 mm.
(c) In case there is a difference of level, slope ways shall be provided with a slope of 1:12
d) Hand rails shall be provided for ramps/slope ways at a height of 800 mm. (iii) Stair ways: One of the stairways near the entrance/exit for the handicapped shall have the following provisions:
(b) Height of the riser shall not be more than 150 mm and width of the tread 300mm. The steps shall not have abrupt (square) nosing.
(c) Maximum number of risers on a flight shall be limited to 12. (d) Hand rails shall be provided on both sides and shall extend 30mm on the top and bottom of each flight of steps.
(c) The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of 1800 mm x 1800 mm or more.
(d) The time of an automatically closing door shall be minimum 5 seconds and the closing speed should not exceed 0.25 meter/sec.
(b) Minimum clear opening of the door shall be 900mm and the door shall swing out.
(c) Suitable arrangement of vertical/horizontal handrails with 50mm clearance from wall shall be made in the toilet.
(d) The Water Closet seat shall be 500mm from the floor.
(vi) Provision of W.Cs:
(a) In Buildings without Lift: Provision of special W.C. shall be made on all floors for buildings designed for ambulant disabled persons. For buildings designed for non-ambulant disabled special W.C. shall be provided at Ground Floor. Size of W.C. shall depend on the type of wheel chair used by the disabled.
(5) Designing for Children:
In a building meant for the predominant use of the children, it is necessary to suitably alter the height of the handrail and other fittings and fixtures.
(6) Refuge:
Refuge shall be designed as an alternative to immediate evacuation of a building via staircases and/ or lifts for movement of disabled persons to areas of safety within a building, for them to remain there until the fire is controlled and extinguished or until rescued by the fire fighters.
(v) The symbols/information shall be in contrasting colour and properly illuminated because people with limited vision may be able to differentiate amongst primary colours.(vi) International Symbol Mark for wheel chair be installed in a lift, toilet, staircase, parking areas that have been provided for the differently abled.