Source: http://www.scribd.com/doc/2043168/Environmental-Crimes-Law-Brazil
Timestamp: 2015-01-30 23:57:15
Document Index: 468664600

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 1', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 1', '§ 2']

Environmental Crimes Law - Brazil
P. 1Environmental Crimes Law - BrazilEnvironmental Crimes Law - BrazilRatings: (0)|Views: 63|Likes: 1Published by mgiongoLaw Nr. 9,605, dated February 12, 1998, published in the Diário Oficial da União of Feb. 13, 1998, section 1, p. 1.Marcos Vinicius Giongo Alveshttp://worldforestry.blogspot.com/Law Nr. 9,605, dated February 12, 1998, published in the Diário Oficial da União of Feb. 13, 1998, section 1, p. 1.Marcos Vinicius Giongo Alveshttp://worldforestry.blogspot.com/More info:Published by: mgiongo on Feb 05, 2008Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttps://www.scribd.com/doc/2043168/Environmental-Crimes-Law-Brazil07/16/2010pdftextoriginal Environmental Crimes Law
General ProvisionsArt. 1
– (Vetoed)
– Whosoever, in any way, contributes to the practice of the crimes foreseen in this Law, incurs thestipulated penalties, to the extent of his culpability, as well as the director, the administrator, the member of aboard or of a technical agency, the auditor, the manager, the agent or the mandatary of a legal entity who,knowing of the criminal conduct of another, fails to stop its practice,
when he could act to avoid it.
– Legal entities will be administratively, civilly and criminally responsible, according to that provided forin this Law, in the instances where violation is committed by decision of its legal or contractual representativeor of its collective body, in the interest, or to the benefit, of the entity.
. The responsibility of legal entities does not exclude that of individuals, authors, co-authorsor participants of the same fact.
– The legal entity can be disregarded whenever its standing becomes an obstacle to the refunding ofdamages caused to the environmental quality.
– In determining penalties, the competent authority shall observe:
I - the seriousness of the fact, considering the reasons for the violation and its consequences to publichealth and to the environment;
II - the offender’s past history with respect to compliance of environmental legislation;
III - the offender’s financial situation, in the case of a fine.
– The penalties which restrict rights are autonomous and replace imprisonment when:
I - the crime is without malice or when imprisonment for up to four years is applied;
II - the culpability, background, social behavior and the personality of the condemned person, as well as themotives and the circumstances of the crime, indicate that the replacement is adequate for purposes ofcondemnation and crime prevention.
. The penalties which restrict rights referred to in this Article, will have the same duration asthe replaced imprisonment.
– The penalties which restrict rights are:
I - community services;
II - temporary suspension of rights;
III - partial or total suspension of activities;
IV - disbursement;
V - house arrest.
– Community services consist in assigning the condemned to unpaid work in public gardens andparks, and in Protected Areas; and in the case of damage to private or public property, if possible, in itsrestoration.
– Penalties of temporary suspension of rights are: precluding the condemned from entering intocontracts with the Government, prohibiting receipt of fiscal benefits or any other benefits, as well as fromparticipating in bidding processes, for a period of five years in the case of fraudulent crimes and, three yearsin the case of crimes without malice.
– Suspension of activities shall be applied when these do not comply with legal provisions.
– Disbursement consists of a cash payment to the victim, or to the public or private entity of socialpurpose, in the amount determined by the judge, of not less than one and not more than three hundred andsixty monthly minimum wages. The amount paid will be deducted from the amount of any civil indemnitywhich the offender was sentenced to pay.
– House arrest is based on the self-discipline and on the sense of responsibility of the condemned,who, without being supervised, will have to work, to attend classes or to pursue any authorized activity,remaining at home or at any other place defined as his usual residence, on days and times off, inaccordance with that established in the sentence.
– The circumstances, which attenuate the penalty, are:
I - the agent’s low instruction or schooling level;
II - the offender’s regret, expressed by the spontaneous reparation of the damage caused or significantlimitation of the environmental degradation caused;
III - prior communication by the agent of an imminent risk of environmental degradation;
IV - cooperation with the agents in charge of environmental monitoring and control.
– The circumstances which aggravate the penalty, when they are not in themselves a crime or arenot qualifying a crime, are:
I - recurrence of environmental crimes;
II - if the agent committed the crime:
a) in order to obtain monetary advantage;
b) by coercing another to execute the violation;
c) by affecting or endangering public health or the environment in a serious manner;
d) by contributing to damage the property of others;
e) by affecting Protected Areas or areas subject to a special usage regimen by a Government Act;
f) by affecting urban areas or any other human settlements;
g) in the moratorium season of fauna;
h) on Sundays or holidays;
i) at nights;
j) in periods of droughts or floods;
k) within specially protected territory;
l) by using cruel methods to kill or capture animals;
m) by defrauding or abusing trust;
n) by abusing the rights of environmental licenses, permissions or authorizations;
o) in the interest of a legal entity that is partially or totally supported by public funds or that benefits from taxincentives;
p) by risking the life of endangered species, listed in official reports of competent authorities;
q) facilitated by a civil servant in the exercise of his duties.
– In the crimes foreseen by this Law, the conditional suspension of the penalty can be applied toinstances of sentencing to imprisonment of not more than three years.
– Verification of the reparation referred to in Paragraph 2 of Article 78 of the Penal Code shall becarried out by means of a report on the reparation to environmental damage, and the conditions to beimposed by the judge shall be related to the protection of the environment.
– The fine shall be calculated in accordance with Penal Code criteria; if it is shown to be inefficient,even if the maximum value is applied, it may be increased up to three times, considering the economicadvantage obtained.
– The expert's report confirming the environmental damage shall, whenever possible, determine theamount of the damage inflicted, for purposes of bail and calculation of fines.
. The expert's report produced during the police or private inquest may be used in the penalprocess, by initiating a contradictory plea.
– The conviction sentence shall whenever possible determine the minimum amount forreimbursement of the damages caused by the violation, considering the injuries suffered by the offendedindividual or by the environment.
. As the conviction sentence enters into force, its execution shall come into effect for theamount fixed as provided for in the
without prejudice to the liquidation to verify the damage thathas effectively taken place.
– The penalties susceptible to being applied singly, cumulatively or alternatively to legal entities, inaccordance with that provided for in Article 3, are:
I - fine;
II - restriction of rights;
III - community services.
– The penalties restricting the rights of legal entities are:
I - partial or total suspension of their activities;
II - temporary interdiction of their establishment, work or activity;
III - preclusion from entering into contracts with the Government, as well as, from receiving subsidies,subventions or donations from it.
§ 1 – Suspension of their activities will be applied when these do not comply with legal or regulatoryprovisions related to environmental protection.
§ 2 – Interdiction will be applied when the establishment, work or activity is operating without the appropriateauthorization or in breach of the existing one or violating a legal or regulatory provision.
§ 3 – Preclusion from being contracted by the Government and from obtaining subsidies, subventions ordonations cannot exceed a ten year period.
– Community services by the legal entity shall consist in:
I - financing environmental programs and projects;
II - performing recovery works in degraded areas;
III - maintaining public areas;
IV - contributing to public environmental or cultural entities.
– The legal entity preponderantly constituted or utilized to permit, facilitate or hide the practice of acrime defined by this Law, shall have adjudged its forced liquidation; its assets will be considered instrumentof the crime, and as such, will be transferred to the National Penitentiary Fund.
Confiscation of the Product and the Instrument of Administrative Violation or Crime
– Upon verification of a violation, its products and instruments will be confiscated, by recording theviolation in the respective legal proceedings.
§ 1 – Animals will be released into their habitat or be given to zoos, foundations or similar entities, as long asthey remain under the responsibility of qualified technical personnel.
§ 2 – If perishable products or timber are concerned, they will be assessed and donated to scientificinstitutions, hospitals, prisons and other similar entities.
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