Source: https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=&mc=true&n=sp40.23.98.ff&r=SUBPART&ty=HTML
Timestamp: 2019-12-15 14:27:26
Document Index: 530803963

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', '§98', 'art 60', '§98', 'art 60', '§98', '§98']

Title 40 → Chapter I → Subchapter C → Part 98 → Subpart FF
§98.321 Reporting threshold.
§98.322 GHGs to report.
§98.323 Calculating GHG emissions.
§98.324 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.
§98.327 Records that must be retained.
§98.328 Definitions.
Source: 75 FR 39763, July 12, 2010, unless otherwise noted.
(1) Each ventilation system shaft or vent hole, including both those points where mine ventilation air is emitted and those where it is sold, used onsite, or otherwise destroyed (including by ventilation air methane (VAM) oxidizers).
(2) Each degasification system well or gob gas vent hole, including degasification systems deployed before, during, or after mining operations are conducted in a mine area. This includes both those wells and vent holes where coal bed gas is emitted, and those where the gas is sold, used onsite, or otherwise destroyed (including by flaring).
You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your facility contains an active underground coal mine and the facility meets the requirements of §98.2(a)(1).
(a) You must report CH4 liberated from ventilation and degasification systems.
(b) You must report CH4 destruction from systems where gas is sold, used onsite, or otherwise destroyed (including by VAM oxidation and by flaring).
(c) You must report net CH4 emissions from ventilation and degasification systems.
(d) You must report under this subpart the CO2 emissions from coal mine gas CH4 destruction occurring at the facility, where the gas is not a fuel input for energy generation or use (e.g., flaring and VAM oxidation).
(e) You must report under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) the CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from each stationary fuel combustion unit by following the requirements of subpart C. Report emissions from both the combustion of collected coal mine CH4 and any other fuels.
[75 FR 39763, July 12, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 73901, Nov. 29, 2011; 78 FR 71966, Nov. 29, 2013]
(a) For each ventilation shaft, vent hole, or centralized point into which CH4 from multiple shafts and/or vent holes are collected, you must calculate the quarterly CH4 liberated from the ventilation system using Equation FF-1 of this section. You must measure CH4 content, flow rate, temperature, pressure, and moisture content of the gas using the procedures outlined in §98.324.
CH4V = Quarterly CH4 liberated from a ventilation monitoring point (metric tons CH4).
V = Volumetric flow rate for the quarter (acfm) based on sampling or a flow rate meter. If a flow rate meter is used and the meter automatically corrects to standard temperature and pressure, then use scfm and replace “520°R/T × P/1 atm” with “1”.
MCF = Moisture correction factor for the measurement period, volumetric basis.
= 1 when V and C are measured on a dry basis or if both are measured on a wet basis.
= 1-(fH2O) when V is measured on a wet basis and C is measured on a dry basis.
= 1/[1-(fH2O)] when V is measured on a dry basis and C is measured on a wet basis.
(fH2O) = Moisture content of the CH4 emitted during the measurement period, volumetric basis (cubic feet water per cubic feet emitted gas).
n = The number of days in the quarter where active ventilation of mining operations is taking place at the monitoring point. To obtain the number of days in the quarter, divide the total number of hours in the quarter where active ventilation is taking place by 24 hours per day.
0.0423 = Density of CH4 at 520 °R (60 °F) and 1 atm (lb/scf).
T = Temperature at which flow is measured (°R) for the quarter.
P = Absolute pressure at which flow is measured (atm) for the quarter. The annual average barometric pressure from the nearest NOAA weather service station may be used as a default.
1,440 = Conversion factor (min/day).
(1) The quarterly periods are:
(i) January 1-March 31.
(ii) April 1-June 30.
(iii) July 1-September 30.
(iv) October 1-December 31.
(2) Values of V, C, T, P, and, if applicable, (fH2O), must be based on measurements taken at least once each quarter with no fewer than 6 weeks between measurements. If measurements are taken more frequently than once per quarter, then use the average value for all measurements taken. If continuous measurements are taken, then use the average value over the time period of continuous monitoring.
(3) If a facility has more than one monitoring point, the facility must calculate total CH4 liberated from ventilation systems (CH4VTotal) as the sum of the CH4 from all ventilation monitoring points in the mine, as follows:
CH4VTotal = Total quarterly CH4 liberated from ventilation systems (metric tons CH4).
CH4V = Quarterly CH4 liberated from each ventilation monitoring point (metric tons CH4).
m = Number of ventilation monitoring points.
(b) For each monitoring point in the degasification system (this could be at each degasification well and/or vent hole, or at more centralized points into which CH4 from multiple wells and/or vent holes are collected), you must calculate the weekly CH4 liberated from the mine using CH4 measured weekly or more frequently (including by CEMS) according to 98.234(c), CH4 content, flow rate, temperature, pressure, and moisture content, and Equation FF-3 of this section.
CH4D = Weekly CH4 liberated from the monitoring point (metric tons CH4).
Vi = Measured volumetric flow rate for the days in the week when the degasification system is in operation at that monitoring point, based on sampling or a flow rate meter (acfm). If a flow rate meter is used and the meter automatically corrects to standard temperature and pressure, then use scfm and replace “520°R/Ti × Pi/1 atm” with “1”.
MCFi = Moisture correction factor for the measurement period, volumetric basis.
= 1 when Vi and Ci are measured on a dry basis or if both are measured on a wet basis.
= 1-(fH2O)I when Vi is measured on a wet basis and Ci is measured on a dry basis.
= 1/[1-(fH2O)i] when Vi is measured on a dry basis and Ci is measured on a wet basis.
n = The number of days in the week that the system is operational at that measurement point. To obtain the number of days in the week, divide the total number of hours that the system is operational by 24 hours per day.
Ti = Temperature at which flow is measured (°R).
Pi = Absolute pressure at which flow is measured (atm).
1,440 = Conversion factor (minutes/day).
(1) Values for V, C, T, P, and, if applicable, (fH2O), must be based on measurements taken at least once each calendar week with at least 3 days between measurements. If measurements are taken more frequently than once per week, then use the average value for all measurements taken that week. If continuous measurements are taken, then use the average values over the time period of continuous monitoring when the continuous monitoring equipment is properly functioning.
(2) Quarterly total CH4 liberated from degasification systems for the mine must be determined as the sum of CH4 liberated determined at each of the monitoring points in the mine, summed over the number of weeks in the quarter, as follows:
CH4DTotal = Quarterly CH4 liberated from all degasification monitoring points (metric tons CH4).
(CH4D)i,j = Weekly CH4 liberated from a degasification monitoring point (metric tons CH4).
m = Number of monitoring points.
w = Number of weeks in the quarter during which the degasification system is operated.
(c) If gas from a degasification system or ventilation system is sold, used onsite, or otherwise destroyed (including by flaring or VAM oxidation), you must calculate the quarterly CH4 destroyed for each destruction device and each point of offsite transport to a destruction device, using Equation FF-5 of this section. You must measure CH4 content and flow rate according to the provisions in §98.324, and calculate the methane routed to the destruction device (CH4) using either Equation FF-1 or Equation FF-4 of this section, as applicable.
CH4Destroyed = Quarterly CH4 destroyed (metric tons).
CH4 = Quarterly CH4 routed to the destruction device or offsite transfer point (metric tons).
DE = Destruction efficiency (lesser of manufacturer's specified destruction efficiency and 0.99). If the gas is transported off-site for destruction, use DE = 1.
(1) Calculate total CH4 destroyed as the sum of the methane destroyed at all destruction devices (onsite and offsite), using Equation FF-6 of this section.
CH4DestroyedTotal = Quarterly total CH4 destroyed at the mine (metric tons CH4).
CH4Destroyed = Quarterly CH4 destroyed from each destruction device or offsite transfer point.
d = Number of onsite destruction devices and points of offsite transport.
(d) You must calculate the quarterly measured net CH4 emissions to the atmosphere using Equation FF-7 of this section.
CH4 emitted (net)= Quarterly CH4 emissions from the mine (metric tons).
CH4VTotal = Quarterly sum of the CH4 liberated from all mine ventilation monitoring points (CH4V), calculated using Equation FF-2 of this section (metric tons).
CH4DTotal = Quarterly sum of the CH4 liberated from all mine degasification monitoring points (CH4D), calculated using Equation FF-4 of this section (metric tons).
CH4DestroyedTotal = Quarterly sum of the measured CH4 destroyed from all mine ventilation and degasification systems, calculated using Equation FF-6 of this section (metric tons).
(e) For the methane collected from degasification and/or ventilation systems that is destroyed on site and is not a fuel input for energy generation or use (those emissions are monitored and reported under Subpart C of this part), you must estimate the CO2 emissions using Equation FF-8 of this section.
CO2 = Total quarterly CO2 emissions from CH4 destruction (metric tons).
CH4Destroyedonsite = Quarterly sum of the CH4 destroyed, calculated as the sum of CH4 destroyed for each onsite, non-energy use, as calculated individually in Equation FF-5 of this section (metric tons).
44/16 = Ratio of molecular weights of CO2 to CH4.
[75 FR 39763, July 12, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 73901, Nov. 29, 2011; 78 FR 71967, Nov. 29, 2013; 81 FR 89264, Dec. 9, 2016]
(b) For CH4 liberated from ventilation systems, determine whether CH4 will be monitored from each ventilation shaft and vent hole, from a centralized monitoring point, or from a combination of the two options. Operators are allowed flexibility for aggregating emissions from more than one ventilation point, as long as emissions from all are addressed, and the methodology for calculating total emissions documented. Monitor by one of the following options:
(1) Collect quarterly or more frequent grab samples (with no fewer than 6 weeks between measurements) for methane concentration and make quarterly measurements of flow rate, temperature, pressure, and, if applicable, moisture content. The sampling and measurements must be made at the same locations as Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) inspection samples are taken, and should be taken when the mine is operating under normal conditions. You must follow MSHA sampling procedures as set forth in the MSHA Handbook entitled, Coal Mine Safety and Health General Inspection Procedures Handbook, Handbook Number: PH16-V-1 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7). You must record the date of sampling, flow, temperature, pressure, and moisture measurements, the methane concentration (percent), the bottle number of samples collected, and the location of the measurement or collection.
(2) Obtain results of the quarterly (or more frequent) testing performed by MSHA for the methane flowrate. At the same location and within seven days of the MSHA sampling, make measurements of temperature and pressure using the same procedures specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. The annual average barometric pressure from the nearest National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather service station may be used as a default for pressure. If the MSHA data for methane flow is provided in the units of actual cubic feet of methane per day, the methane flow data is inserted into Equation FF-1 of this section in place of the value for V and the variables MCF, C/100%, and 1440 are removed from the equation.
(3) Monitor emissions through the use of one or more continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS). If operators use CEMS as the basis for emissions reporting, they must provide documentation on the process for using data obtained from their CEMS to estimate emissions from their mine ventilation systems.
(2) Collect weekly (once each calendar week, with at least three days between measurements) or more frequent samples, for all degasification wells and gob gas vent holes. Determine weekly or more frequent flow rates, methane concentration, temperature, and pressure from these degasification wells and gob gas vent holes. Methane composition should be determined either by submitting samples to a lab for analysis, or from the use of methanometers at the degasification monitoring site. Follow the sampling protocols for sampling of methane emissions from ventilation shafts, as described in §98.324(b)(1). You must record the date of sampling, flow, temperature, pressure, and moisture measurements, the methane concentration (percent), the bottle number of samples collected, and the location of the measurement or collection.
(1) ASTM D1945-03, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography; ASTM D1946-90 (Reapproved 2006), Standard Practice for Analysis of Reformed Gas by Gas Chromatography; ASTM D4891-89 (Reapproved 2006), Standard Test Method for Heating Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Stoichiometric Combustion; or ASTM UOP539-97 Refinery Gas Analysis by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see §98.7).
(i) Use Method 25A or 25B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 to determine gaseous organic concentration as required in §98.323 and in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. You must calibrate the instrument with CH4 and determine the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon (or as CH4; K = 1 in Equation 25A-1 of Method 25A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
(e) All flow meters and gas composition monitors that are used to provide data for the GHG emissions calculations shall be calibrated prior to the first reporting year, using the applicable methods specified in paragraphs (d), and (e)(1) through (e)(7) of this section. Alternatively, calibration procedures specified by the flow meter manufacturer may be used. Flow meters and gas composition monitors shall be recalibrated either at the minimum frequency specified by the manufacturer or annually. The operator shall operate, maintain, and calibrate a gas composition monitor capable of measuring the concentration of CH4 in the gas using one of the methods specified in paragraph (d) of this section. The operator shall operate, maintain, and calibrate the flow meter using any of the following test methods or follow the procedures specified by the flow meter manufacturer. Flow meters must meet the accuracy requirements in §98.3(i).
(5) ASME MFC-11M-2006 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Coriolis Mass Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, see §98.7).
(f) For CH4 destruction, CH4 must be monitored at each onsite destruction device and each point of offsite transport for combustion using continuous monitors of gas routed to the device or point of offsite transport.
(h) The owner or operator shall document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of gas flow rate, gas composition, temperature, pressure, and moisture content measurements. These procedures include, but are not limited to, calibration of flow meters, and other measurement devices. The estimated accuracy of measurements and the technical basis for the estimated accuracy shall be recorded.
[75 FR 39763, July 12, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 73901, Nov. 29, 2011; 78 FR 71967, Nov. 29, 2013; 81 FR 89265, Dec. 9, 2016]
(a) Calibration records for all monitoring equipment, including the method or manufacturer's specification used for calibration.
(b) Records of gas sales.
(c) Logbooks of parameter measurements.
(d) Laboratory analyses of samples.