Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1906438B1/en
Timestamp: 2020-08-12 11:08:39+00:00
Document Index: 22193206

Matched Legal Cases: ['art; 21', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 71', 'art 72', 'art 72', 'K 26/40 ']

EP1906438B1 - Method for cutting workpiece - Google Patents
EP1906438B1
EP1906438B1 EP06780728A EP06780728A EP1906438B1 EP 1906438 B1 EP1906438 B1 EP 1906438B1 EP 06780728 A EP06780728 A EP 06780728A EP 06780728 A EP06780728 A EP 06780728A EP 1906438 B1 EP1906438 B1 EP 1906438B1
EP06780728A
EP1906438A1 (en
EP1906438A4 (en
Takeshi c/o Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. SAKAMOTO
Kenichi c/o Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. MURAMATSU
2008-04-02 Publication of EP1906438A1 publication Critical patent/EP1906438A1/en
2009-04-22 Publication of EP1906438A4 publication Critical patent/EP1906438A4/en
2012-06-13 Publication of EP1906438B1 publication Critical patent/EP1906438B1/en
239000000758 substrates Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 179
XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound 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[Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
A method for cutting a workpiece having a substrate and a layered portion provided on the surface of the substrate, where, even if the substrate is thick, the method is capable of accurately cutting in a short time the workpiece along a planned cutting line, for each functional element. Laser light L is applied to the substrate from the layered portion (16) side with a light concentration point P set inside the substrate (4). This causes a first modified region (71) and second modified region (72) to be formed in the substrate (4), along the planned cutting line, where the first modified region (71) is biased to the rear surface (21) side of the substrate (4) from the central position CL in the thickness direction of the substrate, and the second modified region (72) is biased to the surface (3) side of the substrate (4) from the central position CL in the thickness direction of the substrate (4). As a result, a cut (24) occurs from the second modified region (72) to the surface (3) of the substrate (4). Subsequently, stress is generated in the workpiece (1) to open the cut (24), with an expand tape (23) that is adhered to the rear surface (21) of the substrate (4) expanded.
Moreover, such methods are known from published patent applications EP1498216 , EP1338371 , and EP1610364 .
Here, the functional devices refer to semiconductor operating layers formed by crystal growth, light-receiving devices such as photodiodes, light-emitting devices such as laser diodes, and circuit devices formed as circuits, for example. The "first modified region shifted from the center position in the thickness direction of the substrate to the rear face side of the substrate" means that the whole part of the first modified region is positioned on the rear face side of the substrate with respect to the center position in the thickness direction of the substrate. On the other hand, the "second modified region shifted from the center position in the thickness direction of the substrate to the front face side of the substrate" means that the whole part of the second modified region is positioned on the front face side of the substrate with respect to the center position in the thickness direction of the substrate. The first and second modified regions are formed by generating multiphoton absorption or other optical absorptions within the substrate by irradiating the substrate with laser light while locating the converging point within the substrate.
In a part extending along the line to cut in the substrate, the second modified region forming density in a portion on the front face side of the substrate with respect to the center position in the thickness direction of the substrate is higher than the first modified region forming density in a portion on the rear face side of the substrate with respect to the center position in the thickness direction of the substrate. Alternatively; in a part extending along the line to cut in the substrate, the number of rows of the second modified region is greater than the number of rows of the first modified region. These make it possible to more accurately cut the object comprising a substrate and a multilayer part provided on the front face of the substrate while having a plurality of functional devices into the functional devices along a line to cut even when the substrate is thick.
A pressing member is pressed against the rear face of the substrate with the expandable member interposed therebetween, so as to generate such a stress in the object as to open the fracture. This can easily and reliably generate such a stress as to open the fracture in the object.
Fig. 18 is a sectional view of a part of the object taken along the line XVIII-XVIIII of Fig. 17;
Fig. 20 is a partial sectional view of the object for explaining the object cutting method in accordance with the embodiment, in which (a) is a state where the expandable tape is expanded, and (b) is a state where a knife edge is pressed against the obj ect;
1...object to be processed; 5...line to cut; 3...front face; 4...substrate; 15...functional device; 16...multilayer part; 21... expandable tape (expandable member); 24...fracture; 41...knife edge (pressing member); 71...first modified region; 72...second modified region; L...laser light; P...converging point; CL...center position.
A material becomes transparent when its absorption bandgap EG is greater than photon energy hv. Consequently, a condition under which absorption occurs in the material is hv > EG. However, even when optically transparent, the material generates absorption under a condition of nhv > EG (where n = 2, 3, 4, ...) if the intensity of laser light becomes very high. This phenomenon is known as multiphoton absorption. In the case of pulsed waves, the intensity of laser light is determined by the peak power density (W/cm2) of laser light at its converging point. The multiphoton absorption occurs under a condition where the peak power density is 1 × 108 (W/cm2) or greater, for example. The peak power density is determined by (energy of laser light at the converging point per pulse)/(beam spot cross-sectional area of laser light x pulse width). In the case of continuous waves, the intensity of laser light is determined by the field intensity (W/cm2) of laser light at the converging point.
The principle of the laser processing method in accordance with the embodiment using such multiphoton absorption will be explained with reference to Figs. 1 to 6. As shown in Fig. 1, on a front face 3 of a planar object to be processed 1, a line to cut 5 for cutting the object 1 exists. The line to cut 5 is a virtual line extending straight As shown in Fig. 2, the laser processing method in accordance with this embodiment irradiates the object 1 with laser light L while locating a converging point P therewithin under a condition generating multiphoton absorption, so as to form a modified region 7. The converging point P is a position at which the laser light L is converged. The line to cut 5 may be curved instead of being straight, and may be a line actually drawn on the object 1 without being restricted to the virtual line.
An object to be processed (e.g., glass or a piezoelectric material made of LiTaO3) is irradiated with laser light while locating a converging point therewithin under a condition with a field intensity of at least 1 × 108 (W/cm2) at the converging point and a pulse width of 1 µs or less. This magnitude of pulse width is a condition under which a crack region can be formed only within the object while generating multiphoton absorption without causing unnecessary damages on the front face of the object. This generates a phenomenon of optical damage by multiphoton absorption within the object. This optical damage induces a thermal distortion within the object, thereby forming a crack region therewithin. The upper limit of field intensity is 1 x 1012 (W/cm2), for example. The pulse width is preferably 1 ns to 200 ns, for example. The forming of a crack region by multiphoton absorption is disclosed, for example, in "Internal Marking of Glass Substrate with Solid-state Laser", Proceedings of the 45th Laser Materials Processing Conference (December, 1998), pp. 23-28.
laser light spot cross-sectional area: 3.14 × 10-8 cm2 oscillation mode: Q-switched pulse
An object to be processed (e.g., semiconductor material such as silicon) is irradiated with laser light while locating a converging point within the object under a condition with a field intensity of at least 1 x 108 (W/cm2) at the converging point and a pulse width of 1 µs or less. As a consequence, the inside of the object is locally heated by multiphoton absorption. This heating forms a molten processed region within the object. The molten processed region encompasses regions once molten and then re-solidified, regions just in a molten state, and regions in the process of being re-solidified from the molten state, and can also be referred to as a region whose phase has changed or a region whose crystal structure has changed. The molten processed region may also be referred to as a region in which a certain structure changes to another structure among monocrystal, amorphous, and polycrystal structures. For example, it means a region having changed from the monocrystal structure to the amorphous structure, a region having changed from the monocrystal structure to the polycrystal structure, or a region having changed from the monocrystal structure to a structure containing amorphous and polycrystal structures. When the object to be processed is of a silicon monocrystal structure, the molten processed region is an amorphous silicon structure, for example. The upper limit of field intensity is 1 × 1012 (W/cm2), for example. The pulse width is preferably 1 ns to 200 ns, for example.
light source: semiconductor laser pumping Nd:YAG
The fact that the molten processed region 13 is formed by multiphoton absorption will now be explained. Fig. 13 is a graph showing relationships between the laser light wavelength and the transmittance within the silicon substrate. Here, the respective reflected components on the front and rear face sides of the silicon substrate are eliminated, so as to show the internal transmittance alone. The respective relationships are shown in the cases where the thickness t of the silicon substrate is 50 µm, 100 µm, 200 µm, 500 µm, and 1000 µm.
An object to be processed (e.g., semiconductor material such as silicon) is irradiated with laser light while locating a converging point within the object under a condition with a field intensity of at least 1 × 108 (W/cm2) at the converging point and a pulse width of 1 µs or less. This may form a molten processed region and a microcavity within the object. The upper limit of field intensity is 1 × 1012 (W/cm2), for example. The pulse width is preferably 1 ns to 200 ns, for example.
(A) Object to be processed: silicon wafer (with a thickness of 100 µm)
pulse pitch: 7 µm
processing depth: 8 µm
pulse energy: 50 µJ/pulse
Each molten processed region 13 in the cut section shown in Fig. 16 has a width of about 13 µm in the thickness direction of the silicon wafer 11 (the vertical direction in the drawing) and a width of about 3 µm in the moving direction of laser light L (the horizontal direction in the drawing). Each microcavity 14 has a width of about 7 µm in the thickness direction of the silicon wafer 11 and a width of about 1.3 µm in the moving direction of laser light L. The gap between the molten processed region 13 and microcavity 14 is about 1.2 µm.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be explained. Fig. 17 is a plan view of the object to be processed in the object cutting method in accordance with this embodiment, whereas Fig. 18 is a sectional view of a part of the object taken along the line XVIII-XVIII of Fig. 17.
As shown in Figs. 17 and 18, the object 1 comprises a substrate 4 made of silicon and a multilayer part 16 which is formed on the front face 3 of the substrate 4 while having a plurality of functional devices 15. The functional devices 15 have an interlayer insulating film 17a laminated on the front face 3 of the substrate 4, a wiring layer 19a arranged on the interlayer insulating film 17a, an interlayer insulating film 17b laminated on the interlayer insulating film 17a so as to cover the wiring layer 19a, and a wiring layer 19b arranged on the interlayer insulating film 17b. The wiring layer 19a and the substrate 4 are electrically connected to each other by a conductive plug 20a penetrating through the interlayer insulating film 17a, whereas the wiring layers 19a and 19b are electrically connected to each other by a conductive plug 20b penetrating through the interlayer insulating film 17b.
While a number of functional devices 15 are formed like a matrix in directions parallel and perpendicular to an orientation flat 6 of the substrate 4, the interlayer insulating films 17a, 17b are formed between the functional devices 15, 15 adjacent to each other so as to cover the front face 3 of the substrate 4 as a whole.
Thus configured object 1 is cut into the functional devices 15 as follows. First, as shown in Fig. 19(a), an expandable tape (expandable member) 23 is attached to the rear face 21 of the substrate 4. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 19(b), the object 1 is fixed onto a mount table (not depicted) of a laser processing apparatus such that the multilayer part 16 faces up.
After forming the modified regions 71, 72, the expandable tape 23 is expanded as shown in Fig. 20(a). In this state, as shown in Fig. 20(b), a knife edge (pressing member) 41 is pressed against the rear face 21 of the substrate 4 with the expandable tape 23 interposed therebetween and is moved in the direction of arrow B. This generates such a stress in the object 1 as to open the fractures 24, so that the fractures 24 extend toward the multilayer part 16 and first modified region 71, whereby the object 1 is cut along the line to cut 5.
Fig. 23 is a perspective view of the object cutting apparatus. As shown in this drawing, the object cutting apparatus 40 has a cylindrical base 42, and the supporting frame 31 of the object supporting unit 30 is arranged on an end face 42a of the base 42. The base 42 is provided with a plurality of clamps 43 for securing the supporting frame 31 arranged on the end face 42a.
Operations of thus constructed object cutting apparatus will now be explained. First, as shown in Fig. 24, the supporting frame 31 of the object supporting unit 30 is arranged on the end face 42a of the base 42 such that the lines to cut 5 set like grids with respect to the object 1 align with the x- and y-axis directions and is secured with the clamps 43. In this state, as shown in Fig. 25, the expander member 44 rises, so that the object 1 is pushed up together with the expandable tape 23. This places the expandable tape 23 into an expanded state.
In the object cutting method in accordance with this embodiment, as explained in the foregoing, the first modified region 71 shifted from the center position CL to the rear face 21 side of the substrate 4 and the second modified regions 72 shifted from the center position CL to the front face 3 side of the substrate 4 are formed within the substrate 4 along the lines to cut 5, and the fractures 24 are generated from the second modified regions 72 to the front face 3 of the substrate 4. Then, a stress is generated in the object 1 such as to open the fractures 24 in this state, so that the fractures 24 extend toward the multilayer part 16 and first modified region 71, whereby the object 1 is accurately cut along the lines to cut 5. Since the expandable tape 23 attached to the rear face 21 of the substrate 4 is expanded here, opposing cut sections 25a, 25a of the semiconductor chips 25, 25 adjacent to each other will be separated from each other immediately after cutting the object 1 (see Fig. 21), whereby chipping and cracking due to the opposing cut sections 25a, 25a coming into contact with each other are prevented from occurring.
As an example, a case of cutting an object to be processed 1 equipped with a substrate 4 made of silicon having a thickness of 300 µm and an outer diameter of 8 inches into chips each having a size of 5 mm x 5 mm will be explained.
As shown in Fig. 27, a first modified region 71 having a width of about 45 µm in the thickness direction of the substrate 4 was formed at a position where the distance between the front face 3 of the substrate 4 and the front-side end part 71 a of the first modified region 71 was about 245 µm. Further, a second modified region 72 having a width of about 27 µm in the thickness direction of the substrate 4 was formed at a position where the distance between the front face 3 of the substrate 4 and the front-side end part 72a of the second modified region 72 was about 82 µm, a second modified region 72 having a width of about 24 µm in the thickness direction of the substrate 4 was formed at a position where the distance between the front face 3 of the substrate 4 and the front-side end part 72a of the second modified region 72 was about 39 µm, and fractures 24 were generated from the second modified regions 72 to the front face 3 of the substrate 4.
In this state, a stress was generated in the object 1 such as to open the fractures 24, whereby the object 1 was completely cut along lines to cut 5 which were set like grids. The meanderings along the lines to cut 5 were suppressed to 4 µm or less, and the irregularities of the cut sections 25a were kept to 5 µm or less. The time required for forming the first and second modified regions 71, 72 was suppressed to 4 minutes or less (whereas it takes 6 minutes or more to form 5 rows of modified regions with respect to 1 line to cut, for example).
As in the foregoing example, it will be preferred in the part extending along the lines to cut 5 in the substrate 4 if the density of forming the second modified regions 72 in a portion 4a of the substrate 4 on the front face 3 side with respect to the center position CL is made higher than the forming density of the first modified region 71 in a portion 4b of the substrate 4 on the rear face 21 side with respect to the center position CL or the number of rows of second modified regions 72 is made greater than the number of rows of first modified region 71. These make it possible to more accurately cut the object 1 along the lines to cut 5 even when the substrate 4 is thick, e.g., 300 µm.
Though the laser light L is converged through the insulating films (interlayer insulating films 17a, 17b) on the lines to cut 5 in the above-mentioned embodiment, the laser light L can be converged into the substrate 4 without attenuating the laser light intensity if the insulating films on the laser light incident surface of the substrate 4 are eliminated.
A method of cutting an object to be processed into functional devices (15) along a line to cut (5), the object comprising a substrate (4) and a multilayer part (16), provided on a front face (3) of the substrate (4), having a plurality of functional devices, the method including the steps of:
irradiating the substrate (4) with laser light (L) from the multilayer part (16) side while locating a converging point (P) within the substrate (4), so as to form a row of first modified region (71) positioned in the rear face (21) side of the substrate (4) with respect to a center position (CL) in a thickness direction of the substrate (4) and within the substrate (4) along the line to cut (5);
irradiating the substrate (4) with the laser light (L) from the multilayer part (16) side while locating the converging point (P) within the substrate (4), so as to form at least a row of second modified region (72) positioned in the front face (3) side of the substrate (4) with respect to the center position (CL) in the thickness direction of the substrate (4) and within the substrate (4) along the line to cut (5) and thereby generating a fracture (24) along the line to cut (5) from the second modified region (72) to the front face (3) of the substrate (4);
attaching an expandable member (23) to the rear face (21) of the substrate (4);
expanding the expandable member (23) after forming the first and second modified regions (71, 72); and
pressing a pressing member (41) against the rear face (21) of the substrate (4) with the expandable member (23) interposed therebetween, thereby generating a stress in the object (1) so as to open the fracture (24) while in a state where the expandable member (23) is expanded, such that the fracture (24) extends toward the multilayer part (16) and the first modified region (71), whereby the object (1) is cut along the line to cut (5), and
wherein, in a part extending along the line to cut (5) in the substrate (4), density of forming of the second modified region (72) in a portion on the front face (3) side of the substrate (4) with respect
to the center position (CL) in the thickness direction of the substrate (4) is higher than that of the first modified region (71) in a portion on the rear face (21) side of the substrate (4) with respect to the center position (CL) in the thickness direction of the substrate (4) or
wherein, in a part extending along the line to cut (5) in the substrate (4), the number of rows of the second modified region (72) is greater than the number of rows of the first modified region (71).
The method of cutting an object to be processed according to claim 1, wherein, after forming the first modified region (71) within the substrate (4), the second modified region (72) is formed within the substrate (4), and the fracture (24) is generated from the second modified region (72) to the front face (3) of the substrate (4).
The method of cutting an object to be processed according to claim 2, wherein the first modified region (71) and the second modified region (72) are formed row by row successively from the rear face (21) side of the substrate (4).
The method of cutting an object to be processed according to claim 1, wherein the substrate (4) is a semiconductor substrate, and wherein the first and second modified regions (71; 72) include a molten processed region formed by multiphoton absorption.
EP06780728A 2005-07-04 2006-07-03 Method for cutting workpiece Active EP1906438B1 (en)
EP1906438A1 EP1906438A1 (en) 2008-04-02
EP1906438A4 EP1906438A4 (en) 2009-04-22
EP1906438B1 true EP1906438B1 (en) 2012-06-13
EP06780728A Active EP1906438B1 (en) 2005-07-04 2006-07-03 Method for cutting workpiece
EP1494271B1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2011-11-16 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Method for dicing substrate
US8263479B2 (en) 2012-09-11 Method for cutting semiconductor substrate
EP2228165B1 (en) 2015-01-07 Method of cutting a substrate with forming along a line of overlapping modified spot inside the substrate
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