Source: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/18/110
Timestamp: 2018-03-24 07:50:10
Document Index: 472391783

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 7151', '§ 115', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 46', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1', '§ 5250', '§ 1']

Chapter 110: REVISED UNIFORM ANATOMICAL GIFT ACT
§ 5250a. Short title
This chapter may be cited as the "Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act." (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250b. Definitions
(A) authorized to make health care decisions on the principal's behalf by an advance directive executed pursuant to chapter 231 of this title or by a health care power of attorney executed pursuant to the laws of this or another state; or
(4) "Decedent" means a deceased individual whose body or part is or may be the source of an anatomical gift. The term includes a stillborn infant and, subject to restrictions imposed by law other than this chapter, a fetus.
(5) "Disinterested witness" means a witness other than the spouse, reciprocal beneficiary, child, parent, sibling, grandchild, grandparent, or guardian of the individual who makes, amends, revokes, or refuses to make an anatomical gift, or another adult who exhibited special care and concern for the individual. The term does not include a person to which an anatomical gift could pass under section 5250k of this title.
(6) "Document of gift" means a donor card or other record used to make an anatomical gift. The term includes a statement or symbol on a driver's license or nondriver identification card or an inclusion in a donor registry.
(8) "Donor registry" means a database that identifies donors and complies with the provisions of section 5250t of this title.
(9) "Driver's license" means a license or permit issued by the Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles to operate a vehicle, whether or not conditions are attached to the license or permit.
(10) "Emancipated" with respect to a minor shall have the same meaning as in 12 V.S.A. § 7151.
(11) "Eye bank" means a person that is licensed, accredited, or regulated under federal or state law to engage in the recovery, screening, testing, processing, storage, or distribution of human eyes or portions of human eyes.
(15) "Minor" means an individual who is under 18 years of age.
(16) "Nondriver identification card" means a nondriver identification card issued by the Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles pursuant to 23 V.S.A. § 115.
(17) "Organ procurement organization" means a person designated by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as an organ procurement organization.
(19) "Part" means an organ, an eye, or tissue of a human being. The term does not include the whole body.
(20) "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.
(21) "Physician" means an individual authorized to practice medicine or osteopathy under the law of any state.
(22) "Procurement organization" means an eye bank, an organ procurement organization, or a tissue bank.
(23) "Prospective donor" means an individual who is dead or near death and has been determined by a procurement organization to have a part that could be medically suitable for transplantation, therapy, research, or education. The term does not include an individual who has made a refusal.
(27) "Refusal" means a record created under section 5250g of this title that expressly states an intent to bar other persons from making an anatomical gift of an individual's body or part.
(29) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
(32) "Tissue bank" means a person that is licensed, accredited, or regulated under federal or state law to engage in the recovery, screening, testing, processing, storage, or distribution of tissue.
(33) "Transplant hospital" means a hospital that furnishes organ transplants and other medical and surgical specialty services required for the care of transplant patients. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250c. Applicability
This chapter applies to an anatomical gift or amendment to, revocation of, or refusal to make an anatomical gift, whenever made. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250d. Who may make anatomical gift before donor's death
Subject to section 5250h of this title, an anatomical gift of a donor's body or part may be made during the life of the donor for the purpose of transplantation, therapy, research, or education in the manner provided in section 5250e of this title by:
(1) the donor, if the donor is an adult or if the donor is a minor and is either:
(B) authorized under State law to apply for a driver's license or nondriver identification card and is at least 16 years of age;
(2) an agent of the donor, unless the advance directive or other record prohibits the agent from making an anatomical gift;
(4) the donor's guardian. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250e. Manner of making anatomical gift before donor's death
(1) by authorizing a statement or symbol indicating that the donor has made an anatomical gift to be imprinted on the donor's driver's license or nondriver identification card;
(2) in an advance directive executed pursuant to chapter 231 of this title;
(3) in a will;
(4) during a terminal illness or injury of the donor, by any form of communication addressed to at least two adults, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness; or
(5) as provided in subsection (b) of this section.
(b) A donor or other person authorized to make an anatomical gift under section 5250d of this title may make a gift by a donor card or other record signed by the donor or other person making the gift or by authorizing that a statement or symbol indicating that the donor has made an anatomical gift be included on a donor registry. If the donor or other person is physically unable to sign a record, the record may be signed by another individual at the direction of the donor or other person and must:
(c) Revocation, suspension, expiration, or cancellation of a driver's license or nondriver identification card upon which an anatomical gift is indicated does not invalidate the gift.
(d) An anatomical gift made by will takes effect upon the donor's death whether or not the will is probated. Invalidation of the will after the donor's death does not invalidate the gift. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250f. Amending or revoking anatomical gift before donor's death
(a) Subject to section 5250h of this title, a donor or other person authorized to make an anatomical gift under section 5250d of this title may amend or revoke an anatomical gift by:
(C) subject to subsection (b) of this section, another individual acting at the direction of the donor or the other person if the donor or other person is physically unable to sign; or
(b) A record signed pursuant to subdivision (a)(1)(C) of this section must:
(c) Subject to section 5250h of this title, a donor or other person authorized to make an anatomical gift under section 5250d of this title may revoke an anatomical gift by the destruction or cancellation of the document of gift, or the portion of the document of gift used to make the gift, with the intent to revoke the gift.
(e) A donor who makes an anatomical gift in a will may amend or revoke the gift in the manner provided for amendment or revocation of wills or as provided in subsection (a) of this section. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250g. Refusal to make anatomical gift; effect of refusal
(a) An individual may refuse to make an anatomical gift of the individual's body or part by:
(1) an advance directive executed pursuant to chapter 231 of this title;
(2) a record signed by:
(B) subject to subsection (b) of this section, another individual acting at the direction of the individual if the individual is physically unable to sign;
(3) the individual's will, whether or not the will is admitted to probate or invalidated after the individual's death; or
(4) any form of communication made by the individual during the individual's terminal illness or injury addressed to at least two adults, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness.
(b) A record signed pursuant to subdivision (a)(2)(B) of this section must:
(c) An individual who has made a refusal may amend or revoke the refusal:
(2) by subsequently making an anatomical gift pursuant to section 5250e of this title that is inconsistent with the refusal; or
(d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection 5250h(h) of this title, in the absence of an express, contrary indication by the individual set forth in the refusal, an individual's unrevoked refusal to make an anatomical gift of the individual's body or part bars all other persons from making an anatomical gift of the individual's body or part. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250h. Preclusive effect of anatomical gift, amendment, or revocation
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g) of this section and subject to subsection (f) of this section, in the absence of an express, contrary indication by the donor, a person other than the donor is barred from making, amending, or revoking an anatomical gift of a donor's body or part if the donor made an anatomical gift of the donor's body or part under section 5250e of this title or an amendment to an anatomical gift of the donor's body or part under section 5250f of this title.
(b) A donor's revocation of an anatomical gift of the donor's body or part under section 5250f of this title is not a refusal and does not bar another person specified in section 5250d or 5250i of this title from making an anatomical gift of the donor's body or part under section 5250e or 5250j of this title.
(c) If a person other than the donor makes an unrevoked anatomical gift of the donor's body or part under section 5250e of this title or an amendment to an anatomical gift of the donor's body or part under section 5250f of this title, another person may not make, amend, or revoke the gift of the donor's body or part under section 5250j of this title.
(d) A revocation of an anatomical gift of a donor's body or part under section 5250f of this title by a person other than the donor does not bar another person from making an anatomical gift of the body or part under section 5250e or 5250j of this title.
(e) In the absence of an express, contrary indication by the donor or other person authorized to make an anatomical gift under section 5250d of this title, an anatomical gift of a part is neither a refusal to give another part nor a limitation on the making of an anatomical gift of another part at a later time by the donor or another person.
(f) In the absence of an express, contrary indication by the donor or other person authorized to make an anatomical gift under section 5250d of this title, an anatomical gift of a part for one or more of the purposes set forth in that section is not a limitation on the making of an anatomical gift of the part for any of the other purposes by the donor or any other person under section 5250e or 5250j of this title.
(g) If a donor who is an unemancipated minor dies, a parent of the donor who is reasonably available may revoke or amend an anatomical gift of the donor's body or part.
(h) If an unemancipated minor who signed a refusal dies, a parent of the minor who is reasonably available may revoke the minor's refusal. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250i. Who may make anatomical gift of decedent's body or part
(a) Subject to subsections (b) and (c) of this section and unless barred by section 5250g or 5250h of this title, an anatomical gift of a decedent's body or part for purpose of transplantation, therapy, research, or education may be made by any member of the following classes of persons who is reasonably available, in the order of priority listed:
(1) an agent of the decedent at the time of death who could have made an anatomical gift under subdivision 5250d(2) of this title immediately before the decedent's death;
(10) the persons who were acting as the guardians of the person of the decedent at the time of death; and
(b) If there is more than one member of a class listed in subdivision (a)(1), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), or (10) of this section entitled to make an anatomical gift, an anatomical gift may be made by a member of the class unless that member or a person to which the gift may pass under section 5250k of this title knows of an objection by another member of the class. If an objection is known, the gift may be made only by a majority of the members of the class who are reasonably available.
(c) A person may not make an anatomical gift if, at the time of the decedent's death, a person in a prior class under subsection (a) of this section is reasonably available to make or to object to the making of an anatomical gift. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1; amended 2015, No. 23, § 46.)
§ 5250j. Manner of making, amending, or revoking anatomical gift of decedent's body or part
(a) A person authorized to make an anatomical gift under section 5250i of this title may make an anatomical gift by a document of gift signed by the person making the gift or by that person's oral communication that is electronically recorded or is contemporaneously reduced to a record and signed by the individual receiving the oral communication.
(b) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, an anatomical gift by a person authorized under section 5250i of this title may be amended or revoked orally or in a record by any member of a prior class who is reasonably available. If more than one member of the prior class is reasonably available, the gift made by a person authorized under section 5250i of this title may be:
(c) A revocation under subsection (b) of this section is effective only if, before an incision has been made to remove a part from the donor's body or before invasive procedures have begun to prepare the recipient, the procurement organization, transplant hospital, or physician or technician knows of the revocation. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250k. Persons that may receive anatomical gift; purpose of anatomical gift
(2) subject to subsection (b) of this section, an individual designated by the person making the anatomical gift if the individual is the recipient of the part;
(b) If an anatomical gift to an individual under subdivision (a)(2) of this section cannot be transplanted into the individual, the part passes in accordance with subsection (g) of this section in the absence of an express, contrary indication by the person making the anatomical gift.
(c) If an anatomical gift of one or more specific parts or of all parts is made in a document of gift that does not name a person described in subsection (a) of this section but identifies the purpose for which an anatomical gift may be used, the following rules apply:
(d) For the purpose of subsection (c) of this section, if there is more than one purpose of an anatomical gift set forth in the document of gift but the purposes are not set forth in any priority, the gift shall be used for transplantation or therapy, if suitable for those purposes. If the gift cannot be used for transplantation or therapy, the gift may be used for research or education.
(e) If an anatomical gift of one or more specific parts is made in a document of gift that does not name a person described in subsection (a) of this section and does not identify the purpose of the gift, the gift shall pass in accordance with subsection (g) of this section, and the parts shall be used for transplantation or therapy, if suitable for those purposes; if not suitable for transplantation or therapy, the gift may be used for research or education.
(f) If a document of gift specifies only a general intent to make an anatomical gift by words such as "donor," "organ donor," or "body donor," or by a symbol or statement of similar import, the gift shall pass in accordance with subsection (g) of this section, and the parts shall be used for transplantation or therapy, if suitable for those purposes; if not suitable for transplantation or therapy, the gift may be used for research or education.
(g) For purposes of subsections (b), (e), and (f) of this section, the following rules apply:
(h) An anatomical gift of an organ for transplantation or therapy, other than an anatomical gift under subdivision (a)(2) of this section, passes to the organ procurement organization as custodian of the organ.
(i) If an anatomical gift does not pass pursuant to subsections (a) through (h), inclusive, of this section, or the decedent's body or part is not used for transplantation, therapy, research, or education, custody of the body or part passes to the person under obligation to dispose of the body or part.
(j) A person may not accept an anatomical gift if the person knows that the gift was not effectively made under section 5250e or 5250j of this title or if the person knows that the decedent made a refusal under section 5250g of this title that was not revoked. For purposes of this subsection, if a person knows that an anatomical gift was made on a document of gift, the person is deemed to know of any amendment or revocation of the gift or any refusal to make an anatomical gift on the same document of gift.
(k) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (a)(2) of this section, nothing in this chapter affects the allocation of organs for transplantation or therapy. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250l. Search and notification
(a) The following persons shall make a reasonable search of an individual who the person reasonably believes is dead or near death for a document of gift or other information identifying the individual as a donor or as an individual who made a refusal:
(1) a law enforcement officer, firefighter, paramedic, or other emergency rescuer finding the individual; and
(2) if no other source of the information is immediately available, a hospital, as soon as practical after the individual's arrival at the hospital.
(b) If a document of gift or a refusal to make an anatomical gift is located by the search required by subdivision (a)(1) of this section and the individual or deceased individual to whom it relates is taken to a hospital, the person responsible for conducting the search shall send the document of gift or refusal to the hospital.
(c) A person is not subject to criminal or civil liability for failing to discharge the duties imposed by this section but may be subject to administrative sanctions. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250m. Delivery of document of gift not required; right to examine
(b) Upon or after an individual's death, a person in possession of a document of gift or a refusal to make an anatomical gift with respect to the individual shall allow examination and copying of the document of gift or refusal by a person authorized to make or object to the making of an anatomical gift with respect to the individual or by a person to which the gift could pass under section 5250k of this title. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250n. Rights and duties of procurement organization and others
(a) When a hospital refers an individual at or near death to a procurement organization, the organization shall make a reasonable search of the records of the Vermont Donor Registry and any other donor registry that it knows exists for the geographical area in which the individual resides to ascertain whether the individual has made an anatomical gift.
(b) A procurement organization must be allowed reasonable access to the Vermont Donor Registry established pursuant to section 5250t of this title to ascertain whether an individual at or near death is a donor.
(c) When a hospital refers an individual at or near death to a procurement organization, the organization may conduct any reasonable examination necessary to assess the medical suitability of a part that is or could be the subject of an anatomical gift for transplantation, therapy, research, or education from a donor or a prospective donor. During the examination period, measures necessary to maintain the potential medical suitability of the part may not be withdrawn unless the hospital or procurement organization knows that the individual expressed a contrary intent.
(d) Unless prohibited by law other than this chapter, at any time after a donor's death, the person to which a part passes under section 5250k of this title may conduct any reasonable examination necessary to assess the medical suitability of the body or part for its intended purpose.
(e) Unless prohibited by law other than this chapter, an examination under subsection (c) or (d) of this section may include serological and blood and tissue compatibility testing, as well as an examination of all medical and dental records of the donor or prospective donor.
(g) Upon referral by a hospital under subsection (a) of this section, a procurement organization shall make a reasonable search for any person listed in section 5250i of this title having priority to make an anatomical gift on behalf of a prospective donor. If a procurement organization receives information that an anatomical gift to any other person was made, amended, or revoked, it shall promptly advise the other person of all relevant information.
(h) Subject to subsection 5250k(i) and section 5250w of this title, the rights of the person to which a part passes under section 5250k are superior to the rights of all others with respect to the part. The person may accept or reject an anatomical gift in whole or in part. Subject to the terms of the document of gift and this chapter, a person that accepts an anatomical gift of an entire body may allow embalming, burial or cremation, and use of remains in a funeral service. If the gift is of a part, the person to which the part passes under section 5250k of this title, upon the death of the donor and before embalming, burial, or cremation, shall cause the part to be removed without unnecessary mutilation.
(i) Neither the physician who attends the decedent at death nor the physician who determines the time of the decedent's death may participate in the procedures for removing or transplanting a part from the decedent. As used in this section, "procedures" include actual physical removal and transplantation of a part but do not include the consent, process, disposal, preservation, quality measures, storage, transportation, or research involving a part.
(j) A physician or technician may remove a donated part from the body of a donor that the physician or technician is qualified to remove. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250o. Coordination of procurement and use
Each hospital in this State shall enter into agreements or affiliations with procurement organizations for coordination of procurement and use of anatomical gifts. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250p. Sale or purchase of parts prohibited
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, no person shall, for valuable consideration, knowingly purchase or sell a part for transplantation or therapy if removal of a part from an individual is intended to occur after the individual's death.
(b) A person may charge a reasonable amount for the removal, processing, preservation, quality control, storage, transportation, implantation, or disposal of a part.
(c) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $50,000.00, or both. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250q. Other prohibited acts
(a) No person shall, in order to obtain a financial gain, intentionally falsify, forge, conceal, deface, or obliterate a document of gift, an amendment or revocation of a document of gift, or a refusal.
(b) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $50,000.00, or both. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250r. Immunity
(a) A person who acts in accordance with this chapter or with the applicable anatomical gift law of another state or attempts in good faith to do so is not liable for the act in a civil action, criminal prosecution, or administrative proceeding. An act that relies upon a document of gift in a donor registry, a signed statement by a donor in an advance directive, or a donor card shall be presumed to be in good faith.
(c) In determining whether an anatomical gift has been made, amended, or revoked under this chapter, a person may rely upon representations of an individual listed in subdivision 5250i(a)(2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), or (9) of this title relating to the individual's relationship to the donor or prospective donor, unless the person knows that the representation is untrue. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250s. Law governing validity; choice of law as to execution of document of gift; presumption of validity
(c) A person may presume that a document of gift or amendment of an anatomical gift is valid unless that person knows that it was not validly executed or was revoked. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250t. Donor registry
(a) The Department of Health shall ensure that a registry is developed and maintained to identify people who have authorized a document of gift.
(b) The Department of Motor Vehicles is authorized to enter into a data use agreement with an organ procurement organization for the purpose of transmitting information identifying persons who have authorized a document of gift at the time of issuance of a driver's license or driver's license renewal and incorporating such information into a donor registry maintained by the organ procurement organization. Such information shall constitute the Vermont Donor Registry. The Department of Motor Vehicles may secure grants from public and private sources, and receive and disburse funds that are assigned, donated, or bequeathed to the Department to cover the costs of receiving and transmitting the document of gift data. As funds become available, documents of gift may be accepted and data forwarded from persons 16 and 17 years of age and persons being issued nondriver identification cards.
(c) The Vermont Donor Registry shall:
(1) contain a database that includes donors who have authorized an anatomical gift and provide a mechanism for an anatomical gift to be removed from the database;
(2) be accessible to other organ procurement organizations to allow them to obtain relevant information from the donor registry to determine, at or near the time of the death of the donor or a prospective donor, whether the donor or prospective donor has authorized an anatomical gift; and
(3) be accessible 24 hours per day, seven days per week for the purposes specified in subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection.
(d) No later than January 15, 2011, the Department of Motor Vehicles shall submit a report on its implementation of a data use agreement with a qualified organ procurement organization to the House and Senate Committees on Government Operations, the House Committee on Human Services, and the Senate Committee on Health and Welfare.
(e) Personally identifiable information contained in a donor registry about a donor or prospective donor may not be used or disclosed by any organ procurement organization except with the express consent of the donor, prospective donor, or other person making the anatomical gift for any purpose other than to determine, at or near the time of the death of the donor or prospective donor, whether such donor or prospective donor has made, amended, or revoked an anatomical gift.
(f) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit any person from creating or maintaining a donor registry that is not established under this section, provided that any such registry shall comply with the provisions of subsections (c) and (e) of this section. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250u. [Reserved.]
§ 5250v. Cooperation between Medical Examiner and procurement organization
The Chief Medical Examiner shall cooperate with procurement organizations to maximize the opportunity to recover anatomical gifts for the purpose of transplantation, therapy, research, or education, except when the Chief Medical Examiner believes such cooperation would be inconsistent with death investigation procedures or would negatively affect a death investigation. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250w. [Reserved.]
§ 5250x. Honoring donor intent
A person's decision to make a donation of that person's own organ or tissue after death shall be honored. In the absence of a revocation or amendment of an anatomical gift, health care providers and procurement organizations shall act in accordance with the donor's decision and may take appropriate actions to effect the anatomical gift. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250y. Uniformity of application and construction
In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it. (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
§ 5250z. Relation to electronic signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
This act modifies, limits, and supersedes the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 7001 et seq., but does not modify, limit, or supersede Section 101(a) of that act, 15 U.S.C. Section 7001, or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in Section 103(b) of that act, 15 U.S.C. Section 7003(b). (Added 2009, No. 119 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)