Source: http://www.giuseppeberretta.it/il-nuovo-reato-di-depistaggio-e-inquinamento-processuale/
Timestamp: 2020-08-07 09:14:01
Document Index: 356322251

Matched Legal Cases: ['art. 375', 'art. 375', 'art. 375', 'art. 383', 'art. 383', 'art. 375', 'art. 383', 'art. 374']

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Il nuovo reato di depistaggio e inquinamento processuale
Pochi giorni fa la Camera ha approvato in prima lettura la proposta di legge concernente l’introduzione nel codice penale del reato di “depistaggio e inquinamento processuale”, che mira a reprimere quelle condotte tese a impedire, ostacolare o sviare un’indagine o un processo penale. Il testo ora passa all’esame del Senato per l’approvazione definitiva. Un provvedimento importante, il cui obiettivo è introdurre nel codice penale la nuova fattispecie delittuosa di “depistaggio e inquinamento processuale”, poiché il nostro ordinamento ancora non la prevede in via specifica. Conseguentemente, viene abrogato il “vecchio” reato di frode processuale penale.
La proposta di legge (a prima firma Paolo Bolognesi, deputato PD e presidente dell’Associazione vittime della strage di Bologna) intende quindi superare una lacuna dell’ordinamento per cui, ad oggi, se si vuole punire chi indirizza su una falsa pista le indagini penali svolte dal giudice si deve far riferimento a una serie di altre disposizioni pensate per comportamenti delittuosi diversi e di minore impatto come la falsa testimonianza, la calunnia o il favoreggiamento (l’esempio per eccellenza è quello della scomparsa dell’agenda rossa di Borsellino, in cui il PM si è visto costretto a contestare la fattispecie di furto aggravato proprio in mancanza di altre fattispecie). Nel contempo, però, intende anche dare un segnale importante e coerente con la coscienza civile del nostro Paese. È noto, infatti, (come scrive Bolognesi nella relazione illustrativa del progetto di legge) che «molte delle inchieste sui principali avvenimenti di strage e di terrorismo hanno subito rallentamenti, quando non veri e propri arresti, a causa della mancata collaborazione di pubblici ufficiali con l’autorità giudiziaria. Dalla strage di piazza Fontana in poi, le omissioni, le bugie e la distruzione di documenti hanno impedito che si potesse giungere alla scoperta dei responsabili materiali e morali degli attentati che hanno devastato il Paese fino al 1993».
Dopo anni di battaglie civili (sostenute anche di recente da circa 30 mila cittadini che hanno firmato la petizione lanciata da change.org) e dopo aver atteso per quattro legislature, la sua approvazione rappresenta una svolta storica per il Paese. Come ha detto Alfredo Bazoli, deputato PD, nella sua dichiarazione di voto «non è un risarcimento postumo, non è un segnale tardivo e inutile né una medaglia di plastica da appuntarsi sul petto, ma costituisce il tentativo di dotare la magistratura degli strumenti idonei a perseguire in modo efficace quei comportamenti e, per questa via, rappresenta il monito che il Parlamento della Repubblica intende dare, sulla scorta della nostra dolorosa esperienza, a falsari e depistatori, a servitori infedeli, e a chi pensa di condizionare la democrazia nell’ombra».
COSA PREVEDE L’ARTICOLO UNICO
La nuova fattispecie delittuosa del “depistaggio e inquinamento processuale” (nuovo art. 375 del c.p.). L’articolo unico inserisce nel codice penale, tramite il nuovo testo dell’art. 375, la nuova fattispecie del reato di “inquinamento processuale e depistaggio”. Viene pertanto stabilito che è punito con la reclusione fino a 4 anni chiunque, al fine di impedire, ostacolare e sviare un’indagine o un processo penale, modifica il corpo del reato o la scena del crimine, distrugge, occulta o altera prove oppure crea false piste.
A fianco della fattispecie-base comune, però, si prevedono determinate ipotesi aggravate in cui l’inquinamento processuale si trasforma in depistaggio, con un aumento della pena. Sono tali le ipotesi di condotte: 1) commesse da pubblici ufficiali, in cui la pena è aumentata da un terzo alla metà; 2) quelle riferite a reati di estrema gravità (quali eversione, strage, terrorismo, banda armata, associazione mafiosa, associazioni segrete, traffico illegale di armi e materiale nucleare, chimico o biologico o altri gravi delitti come la tratta di persone e il sequestro a scopo estorsivo), in cui la pena va da 6 a 12 anni.
Quando le circostanze di cui ai numeri 1) e 2) concorrono, la pena di cui al numero 2) è aumentata fino alla metà.
La condanna alla reclusione superiore a 3 anni per il delitto di cui all’articolo 375 c.p. nelle ipotesi aggravate comporta l’interdizione perpetua dai pubblici uffici.
Riduzione di pena e causa di non punibilità
Si è prevista una riduzione di pena per chi si adopera a ripristinare lo stato della scena del reato e delle prove o a evitare conseguenze ulteriori oppure aiuta i magistrati a individuare i colpevoli del depistaggio. È stata prevista anche per il nuovo reato di cui all’art. 375 c.p. la causa di non punibilità qualora il soggetto abbia commesso il fatto per esservi stato costretto dalla necessità di salvare se medesimo o un prossimo congiunto da un grave e inevitabile nocumento nella libertà o nell’onore.
Le circostanze aggravanti per i delitti contro l’amministrazione della giustizia (art. 383-bis c.p.)
Il nuovo art. 383-bis c.p. di fatto riproduce, aggiornandolo con l’introduzione del reato di depistaggio e inquinamento processuale, il vigente art. 375 c.p., e comporta, in caso di false informazioni al PM, false dichiarazioni al difensore, falsa testimonianza, falsa perizia o interpretazione, frode processuale e inquinamento processuale e depistaggio, la pena «della reclusione da tre a otto anni se dal fatto deriva una condanna alla reclusione non superiore a cinque anni; della reclusione da quattro a dodici anni, se dal fatto deriva una condanna superiore a cinque anni; della reclusione da sei a venti anni se dal fatto deriva una condanna all’ergastolo».
Per il reato di inquinamento processuale e depistaggio aggravato ai sensi del nuovo art. 383-bis i termini di prescrizione sono raddoppiati
ABROGAZIONE DEL “VECCHIO” REATO DI FRODE PROCESSUALE PENALE
Da rilevare che la previsione di questa nuova fattispecie penale abroga il comma 2 dell’art. 374 (che riguarda la frode processuale penale). Residuano pertanto in questo articolo le
sole ipotesi di frode nel processo civile e nel processo amministrativo, le cui pene sono state aumentate.
Fonte: Ufficio documentazione e studi – Deputati PD (Dossier n. 57)
29 settembre 2014 | Categoria: Politica italiana