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Timestamp: 2013-12-09 09:38:35
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Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 2007', 'Application No. 0753351', 'Application No. 06101280', 'Application No. 05107417', 'Application No. 05107074', 'Application No. 05356202']

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Osteogenesis Promoter Containing .beta.-cryptoxanthin As The Active Ingredient - Patent 8148431
The present invention relates to an osteogenesis promoter and a preventive/remedy for bone diseases such as osteoporosis, containing .beta.-cryptoxanthin as the active ingredient; a .beta.-cryptoxanthin-containing functional food or foodmaterial and feed composition for the prevention/treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis; and a method of screening an active ingredient for promoting osteogenesis or for preventing/treating bone diseases by using .beta.-cryptoxanthin as leadcompound.TECHNICAL BACKGROUND It is considered that various bone diseases occur because, for example, calcium content of bones is decreased by the bone metabolism and insufficient osteogenesis. Typical bone diseases are, for example, fracture, osteomalacia, osteopenia,osteoporosis, back pain and low back pain. In those bone diseases, osteoporosis has a pathology caused by the following reasons: The bone mass is decreased as the balance of the bone resorption and the bone formation is lost by aging and, accordingly,the hone resorption is relatively increased to reduce the bone mass. As a result, the bone strength is decreased by the change in the fine structure of the bones to easily cause the fracture. Particularly in females, the bone mass is rapidly decreasedafter menopause, oophorectomy, etc. Osteoporosis not only causes the fractures or sharp pain but it also maces the patients bedridden, particularly in cases of elderly people. Under these circumstances, an effective cure is demanded for improving thequality of life in an aging society. Because it is difficult to cure patients with osteoporosis after the onset, the following points are now fully recognized: It is important to prevent this disease and it is also indispensable to start increasing ofthe amount of the bones in juvenile period. In addition, it is essential that nutrients required for the formation of bones and foods accelerating the formation of them must be taken everyday. As foods for strengthening the bones, c
Osteogenesis promoter containing .beta.-cryptoxanthin as the active ingredient, Yamaguchi, Masayoshi Yamaguchi, Application number 10 532-775, Drug Bio-Affecting And Body Treating Compositions
Bis(thio-hydrazide Amides) For Increasing Hsp70 Expression - Patent 8148426
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are found in virtually all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Increased expression of proteins in the Hsp 70 family are known to protect a broad range of cells under stress by inhibiting various cellular death pathwayssuch as apoptosis (Mosser, et al., Mol Cell Biol. 2000 October; 20(19): 7146-7159; Yenari, Adv Exp Med Biol, 2002, 513, 281-299; Kiang and Tsokos, Pharmacol Ther. 1998; 80(2):182-201). Cells can experience stress due to temperature; injury (trauma);genetic disease; metabolic defects; apoptosis; infection; toxins; radiation; oxidants; excess/lack of nutrients or metabolic products; and the like. For example, it is known in the art that cells damaged in the following variety of medical conditionscan experience a protective effect in response to Hsp70. Protein misfolding/aggregation conditions resulting in neurodegeneration include Alzheimers' disease (Zhang, et al., J. Neuroscience, 2004, 24(23), 5315-5321; Klettner, Drug News Perspect, 2004 17(5), 299-306); Huntington's disease (Klettner,ibid); Parkinson's disease (Auluck, et al., Science, 2002, 295(5556), 865-868); and the like. Other neurodegenerative conditions include spinal/bulbar muscular atrophy (Sobue, Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi, 2001, 21(1), 21-25); and familialamyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Howland, et al., Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 2002, 99(3), 1604-1609; Sobue, ibid; Vleminck, et al., J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2002, 61(11), 968-974). Ischemia and associated oxidative damage affects diverse tissues including: neurons and glia (Carmel, et al., Exp Neurol, 2004, 185(1) 81-96; Renshaw and Warburton, Front Biosci, 2004, 9, 110-116; Yenari, Adv Exp Med Biol, 2002, 513, 281-299;Kelly and Yenari, Curr Res Med Opin, 2002, 18 Suppl 2, s55-60; Lee, et al., Exp Neurol, 2001, 170(1), 129-139; Klettner, ibid; Klettner and Herdegen, Br J Pharmacol, 2003, 138(5), 1004-1012); cardiac muscle (Marber, M. S., et al. (1995) J. Clin. Invest. 95:1446-1456; Plumier, J. C.,
Bis(thio-hydrazide amides) for increasing Hsp70 expression, Barsoum, James Barsoum, Application number 11 281-923, Drug Bio-Affecting And Body Treating Compositions
Fluorophore Compounds - Patent 8148423
FIELD Provided herein are fluorophore compounds. Specifically, provided herein are fluorophore compounds including rhodol and rhodamine fluorophores which can be used as fluorescent labels and/or fluorogenic probes. Provided also herein are new andversatile methods for making the fluorophore compounds disclosed herein. Provided also herein are methods of tracking, measuring, detecting, or screening biological species.BACKGROUND Fluorescence technology is enjoying ever-increasing interest from many areas of science including chemistry and biology. In certain instances, fluorescent molecules can be used to detect the presence or absence of analytes or chemicals in foodand environmental samples. Some sensitive and quantitative fluorescence detection devices are required for in vitro biochemical assays such as DNA sequencing and blood glucose quantification. In some instances, fluorescent probes having suitablephotochemical properties can be used for tracing molecular and physiological events in living cells as well as for high-throughput screenings. In general, fluorescence technology is simpler and can provide higher sensitivity and more molecularinformation than other types of optical measurements. Fluorescence measurements are generally highly sensitive because of the low level of fluorescence background generally found in most chemical and biological samples. Along with the recent advancesin fluorescence instrumentation such as confocal and multi-photo fluorescence microscopies, three-dimensional imaging of cellular events and biological species dynamics have become possible in real-time. Despite of the above-mentioned advantages, the feasibility of using fluorescence technology for a particular application can often be limited by the availability of appropriate fluorescent molecules. Fluorescent molecules generally includefluorescent label (or fluorescent tracer) molecules and fluorogenic probe (or fluorogenic sensor) molecules, both of which differ in t
Fluorophore compounds, Yang, et al., Dan Yang, Tao Peng, Application number 12 417-640, Drug Bio-Affecting And Body Treating Compositions, Organic Compounds -- Part Of The Class 532-570 Series
Prodrugs Of Methyl Hydrogen Fumarate, Pharmaceutical Compositions Thereof, And Methods Of Use - Patent 8148414
FIELD Disclosed herein are prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate, pharmaceutical compositions comprising prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate, and methods of using prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate and pharmaceutical compositions thereof fortreating diseases such as psoriasis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and arthritis.BACKGROUND Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) are approved in Germany for the treatment of psoriasis, are being evaluated in the United States for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, and have been proposed for use in treating a wide range ofimmunological, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and conditions. FAEs and other fumaric acid derivatives have been proposed for use in treating a wide-variety of diseases and conditions involving immunological, autoimmune, and/or inflammatory processes including psoriasis (Joshi and Strebel, WO 1999/49858;U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,882; Mrowietz and Asadullah, Trends Mol Med 2005, 111(1), 43-48; and Yazdi and Mrowietz, Clinics Dermatology 2008, 26, 522-526); asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Joshi et al., WO 2005/023241 and US 2007/0027076);cardiac insufficiency including left ventricular insufficiency, myocardial infarction and angina pectoris (Joshi et al., WO 2005/023241; Joshi et al., US 2007/0027076); mitochondrial and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer'sdisease, Huntington's disease, retinopathia pigmentosa and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (Joshi and Strebel, WO 2002/055063, US 2006/0205659, U.S. Pat. No. 6,509,376, U.S. Pat. No. 6,858,750, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,157,423); transplantation (Joshiand Strebel, WO 2002/055063, US 2006/0205659, U.S. Pat. No. 6,359,003, U.S. Pat. No. 6,509,376, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,157,423; and Lehmann et al., Arch Dermatol Res 2002, 294, 399-404); autoimmune diseases (Joshi and Strebel, WO 2002/055063, U.S. Pat. No. 6,509,376, U.S. Pat. No. 7,157,423, and US 2006/0205659) including mul
Prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use, Gangakhedkar, et al., Archana Gangakhedkar, Xuedong Dai, Noa Zerangue, Peter A. Virsik, Application number 12 544-133
Sulfamic Acid Ester Compounds Useful In The Inhibition Of Steroid Sulphatase Activity And Aromatase Activity - Patent 8148415
Each ofthe above referenced applications, and each document cited in this text ("application cited documents") and each document cited or referenced in each of the application cited documents, and any manufacturer's specifications or instructions for anyproducts mentioned in this text and in any document incorporated into this text, are hereby incorporated herein by reference; and, technology in each of the documents incorporated herein by reference can be used in the practice of this invention. It is noted that in this disclosure, terms such as "comprises", "comprised", "comprising", "contains", "containing" and the like can have the meaning attributed to them in U.S. Patent law; e.g., they can mean "includes", "included", "including"and the like. Terms such as "consisting essentially of" and "consists essentially of" have the meaning attributed to them in U.S. Patent law, e.g., they allow for the inclusion of additional ingredients or steps that do not detract from the novel orbasic characteristics of the invention, i.e., they exclude additional unrecited ingredients or steps that detract from novel or basic characteristics of the invention, and they exclude ingredients or steps of the prior art, such as documents in the artthat are cited herein or are incorporated by reference herein, especially as it is a goal of this document to define embodiments that are patentable, e.g., novel, nonobvious, inventive, over the prior art, e.g., over documents cited herein orincorporated by reference herein. And, the terms "consists of" and "consisting of" have the meaning ascribed to them in U.S. Patent law; namely, that these terms are closed ended.FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to a compound. In particular the present invention relates to a compound and to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound. The present invention also relates to the use of the compound or composition in therapy applications.BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION Evidence sugge
Sulfamic acid ester compounds useful in the inhibition of steroid sulphatase activity and aromatase activity, Potter, et al., Barry Victor Lloyd Potter, Michael John Reed, Lok Wai Lawrence Woo, Atul Purohit, Christian Burbert, Paul Michael Wood, Oliver Brook Sutcliffe
Benzylamine Derivative Or Pharmaceutically Acceptable Acid Addition Salt Thereof, And Use Thereof For Medical Purposes - Patent 8148427
RELATEDAPPLICATIONS This is a .sctn.371 of International Application No. PCT/JP2008/051479, with an international filing date of Jan. 31, 2008 (WO 2008/093767 A1, published Aug. 7, 2008), which is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-020582, filed Jan. 31, 2007.TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to a novel benzylamine derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, a pharmaceutical comprising the same, and a therapeutic or prophylactic agent comprising the same for pollakiuria or urinaryincontinence.BACKGROUND With the growth of the aged population in recent years, the number of patients suffering from pollakiuria or urinary incontinence is increasing. At present, as therapeutic agents for pollakiuria or urinary incontinence, agents havinganticholinergic activities and/or muscle relaxant activities are mainly used. However, administration of these therapeutic agents are associated with side effects, for example, dry mouth; gastrointestinal system symptoms such as constipation;cardiovascular symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension; or urinary dysfunction such as urinary retention and residual urine, so that they may not be able necessarily to be administered up to the dose in which their effectiveness is shown. Forimprovement of quality of life (QOL) of patients, development of a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for pollakiuria or urinary incontinence with less those side effects is strongly demanded. At present, as therapeutic or prophylactic agents for pollakiuria or urinary incontinence with less possibility of occurrence of dry mouth which is the major side effect of the existing drugs, .beta.3 agonists have been researched and developed. However, it has been suggested that in human, a certain type of .beta.3 agonists shows effects on cardiovascular system such as increase in heart rate and increase in cardiac output, and has a positive chronotropic effect on the heart (Br. J. Clin.Pharmac. 37, 363, 1994). For a the
Benzylamine derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, and use thereof for medical purposes, Hayashi, et al., Ryoji Hayashi, Tsukasa Kikuchi, Masaki Arai, Satoshi Kurosawa, Ko Hasebe, Sayoko Kanie
The present application represents U.S. national stage of international application PCT/EP2004/006654, which has an international filing date of Jun. 19, 2004, and which was published in English under PCT Article 21(2) on Feb. 17, 2005. Theinternational application claims priority to German application 103 33 588.9, filed on Jul. 24, 2003. These prior applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention concerns a process for the hydrogenation of aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds. In particular, the invention concerns the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds such as (I) ##STR00002## in the presence of a platinum-rhodium mixed catalyst.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The hydrogenation of aromatic compounds is a standard reaction in organic chemistry and the resulting products are utilised commercially in many products. Ring-hydrogenated amino acids and derivatives thereof, as structural mimetics of the natural amino acids valine and isoleucine, are interesting building blocks in peptide chemistry, for example (J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 166; Coll. Czech. Chem.Commun. 1984, 49, 712; Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun. 1966, 31, 4563; Synthetic Communications, 1978, 8, 345), and are used in a number of active ingredients, particularly renin inhibitors (e.g. WO 91/07430, EP 438311 and EP 427939) and thrombininhibitors (e.g. melagatran and ximelagatran, Drugs of the Future 2001, 26, 1155). There is therefore a corresponding level of interest in the economical production of such amino acids on an industrial scale. One possibility for the production of these compounds is the hydrogenation of corresponding aromatic precursors, many of which are available at a reasonable cost in enantiopure form (e.g. phenylalanine, phenylglycine and tyrosine). However,although the hydrogenation of simple, unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons to the corresponding saturated compounds under pressure in the presence of a noble metal
Process for the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds, Hartung, et al., Rolf Hartung, Franz Hitzel-Zerrahn, Thomas Muller, Jorg Pietsch, Application number 10 565-366, Drug Bio-Affecting And Body Treating Compositions
Use Of Benzylideneaminoguanidines And Hydroxyguanidines As Melanocortin Receptor Ligands - Patent 8148429
The present invention relates to the use of benzylideneaminoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines for the treatment of obesity, anorexia, inflammation, mental disorders and other diseases associated with themelanocortin receptors or related systems, e.g. the melanocyte stimulating hormones. A number of large linear and cyclic peptides are known in the art which show high specific binding to melanocortin (MC) receptors. The agonistic and/or antagonistic properties of these peptides are also known. See for example "MelanocortinReceptor ligands and methods of using same" by Dooley, Girten and Houghten (WO99/21571). There remains, however, a need to provide low molecular weight compounds showing agonistic or antagonistic properties to the melanocortin receptors. Previously known in the art are hydroxyguanidines (e.g. WO98/23267), which have proven activity against xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase enzymes. Other compounds known in the art are benzylideneamino guanidines which have shownanti-depressive effects (U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,640). Other examples of pharmacologically active guanidines known in the art are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,982,020 and GB 1223491. Other application areas are also known in the art and are describedin patents U.S. Pat. No. 3,896,332, DE 1165013, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,941,825. Guanabenz is compound which is well known in the art as an antihypertensive drug (US Pharmacopeia, 1999, The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc, ISBN1-889788-03-1). Whilst Guanabenz might appear to be structurally similar to the compounds in the present invention, it shows no affinity to the melanocortin receptors. Therefore it is very surprising that the benzylideneamino guanidine compounds in thepresent invention show affinity to the melanocortin receptors as agonist and/or antagonists. One aspect of the present invention is therefore to provide low molecular weight compounds showing activity on melanocortin receptors and which may be taken u
Use of benzylideneaminoguanidines and hydroxyguanidines as melanocortin receptor ligands, Lundstedt, et al., Torbjorn Lundstedt, Anna Skottner, Elisabeth Seifert, Application number 11 639-190, Drug Bio-Affecting And Body Treating Compositions
Pharmaceutical Composition Containing Phloroglucinol And Paracetamol - Patent 8148425
This application is the National Phase of International Patent Application No. PCT/FR2008/050263, filed Feb. 18, 2008, which claims the benefit of French Patent Application No. 0753351, filed Feb. 19, 2007,the entireties of which are incorporated herein. The subject of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition containing an antispasmodic (phloroglucinol) and an analgesic (paracetamol). Said composition, which is suitable for oral or rectal administration, is particularly effectivein antispasmodic therapy. A spasm is a sudden, intense, very painful involuntary contraction. It may be of renal origin in the case of nephritic colic, of hepatic origin in the case of hepatic colic, of intestinal origin in the case of intestinal spasms and of spasticcolitis, or of gynecological origin in the case of dysmenorrhea. Irrespective of the origin thereof, the spasm is accompanied by extremely intense and persistent pain. Two types of antispasmodic exist: neurotropic antispasmodics, such as atropine and derivatives thereof, scopolamine, quaternary ammoniums such as tiemonium iodide, butylhyoscine bromide, etc., and musculotropic antispasmodics, such aspapaverine, mebeverine, trimebutine, pinaverium bromide, phloroglucinol and derivatives, etc. The neurotropic antispasmodics are less commonly used due to adverse effects which follow from their antimuscarinic pharmacological action. In fact, muscarinic receptors are very widely distributed in a variety of organs and of peripheral andcentral tissues. Thus, a desired pharmacological action, on intestinal peristalsis for example, is in most cases accompanied by adverse effects on salivary secretion, the heart, the respiratory system, the urogenital system, etc. In addition, saidneurotropic antispasmodics are strictly contraindicated in the case of glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, micturition disorders, pyloric stenosis, etc. On the other hand, musculotropic antispasmodics, which are much better tolerated, with more
Pharmaceutical composition containing phloroglucinol and paracetamol, Serrano, et al., Jean-Jacques Serrano, Claudette Serrano, Application number 12 527-592, Drug Bio-Affecting And Body Treating Compositions
Use Of Novel Compounds From Fruiting Body Of Antrodia Camphorata For Stimulating Immune Response - Patent 8148420
The present invention pertains to novel immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory compounds from Antrodia camphorata.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Antrodia camphorata, which is equal to Taiwanofungus camphorata, is native to Taiwan. Its fruiting body is a very rare and expensive mushroom that grows slowly in the wild and it is difficult to cultivate in the greenhouse. The fruiting bodyof A. camphorata has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine in Taiwan and is commonly known by name "jang-jy" or "niu-chang-chih" (Shen C. C. et al., J. Chin. Med. 2003, 14, 247-258). Naturally, it grows on the inner heartwood wall of Cinnamomun kanehirai Hay (Lauraceae), an endemic and endangered species in Taiwan. The wild-type fruiting body contains fatty acids, lignans, phenyl derivatives, sesquiterpenes, steroids, andtriterpenoids (Shen C. C. et al., ut supra). In traditional herbal medicine, A. camphorata fruiting bodies have been utilized as treatment for food and drug intoxications, diarrhea, abnormal pains, hypertension, itchy skin and liver cancer.BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on the unexpected finding that certain compounds isolated from A. camphorata exhibit anti-inflammation and/or immunomodulatory (e.g., immunostimulatory) effect. The compounds of the present invention include somenew maleic acid and succinic acid derivatives isolated from the fruiting body of A. camphorata in a solid culture. In one aspect, the invention relates an isolated compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The isolated compound is of a formula which is selected from the group consisting of ##STR00001## In Formulas I-VI, each R independently is H, C.sub.1-4alkyl, ##STR00002## in which each X independently is H, OH, OR, NH.sub.2, or NHR', R' being alkyl or acyl. One subset of the above isolated compounds include trans-3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione- , trans-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutylpyrroli
Use of novel compounds from fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata for stimulating immune response, et al., Yueh-Hsiung Kuo, Bi-Fong Lin, Application number 12 956-897, Drug Bio-Affecting And Body Treating Compositions
Macrocyclic Inhibitors Of Hepatitis C Virus - Patent 8148399
This application aNational Stage Entry of International Application No. PCT/EP2006/064820, filed Jul. 28, 2006, which claims the benefit of European Application No. 06101280.3, filed Feb. 3, 2006, European Application No. 05107417.7, filed Aug. 11, 2005, and EuropeanApplication No. 05107074.6, filed Jul. 29, 2005. The present invention is concerned with macrocylic compounds having inhibitory activity on the replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It further concerns compositions comprising these compounds as active ingredients as well as processesfor preparing these compounds and compositions. Hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and has become a focus of considerable medical research. HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family of viruses in the hepacivirus genus, and is closely related to theflavivirus genus, which includes a number of viruses implicated in human disease, such as dengue virus and yellow fever virus, and to the animal pestivirus family, which includes bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). HCV is a positive-sense,single-stranded RNA virus, with a genome of around 9,600 bases. The genome comprises both 5' and 3' untranslated regions which adopt RNA secondary structures, and a central open reading frame that encodes a single polyprotein of around 3,010-3,030 aminoacids. The polyprotein encodes ten gene products which are generated from the precursor polyprotein by an orchestrated series of co- and posttranslational endoproteolytic cleavages mediated by both host and viral proteases. The viral structuralproteins include the core nucleocapsid protein, and two envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2. The non-structural (NS) proteins encode some essential viral enzymatic functions (helicase, polymerase, protease), as well as proteins of unknown function. Replication of the viral genome is mediated by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, encoded by non-structural protein 5b (NS5B). In addition to the polymerase, the
Macrocyclic inhibitors of hepatitis C virus, Simmen, et al., Kenneth Alan Simmen, Herman Augustinus De Kock, Pierre Jean-Marie Bernard Raboisson, Karl Magnus Nilsson, Bengt Bertil Samuelsson, .ANG.sa Annica Kristina Rosenquist, Application number 11 632-102
N-heteroaryl Indole Carboxamides And Analogues Thereof, For Use As Glucokinase Activators In The Treatment Of Diabetes - Patent 8148413
This invention relates to compounds that are activators of glucokinase and thus may be useful for the management, treatment, control, or adjunct treatment of diseases, where increasing glucokinase activity is beneficial.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Diabetes is characterised by an impaired glucose metabolism manifesting itself among other things by an elevated blood glucose level in the diabetic patients. Underlying defects lead to a classification of diabetes into two major groups: Type 1diabetes, or insulin demanding diabetes mellitus (IDDM), which arises when patients lack .beta.-cells producing insulin in their pancreatic glands, and type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), which occurs in patients with animpaired .beta.-cell function besides a range of other abnormalities. Type 1 diabetic patients are currently treated with insulin, while the majority of type 2 diabetic patients are treated either with sulphonylureas that stimulate .beta.-cell function or with agents that enhance the tissue sensitivity of thepatients towards insulin or with insulin. Among the agents applied to enhance tissue sensitivity towards insulin metformin is a representative example. Even though sulphonylureas are widely used in the treatment of NIDDM this therapy is, in most instances, not satisfactory: In a large number of NIDDM patients sulphonylureas do not suffice to normalise blood sugar levels and the patients are,therefore, at high risk for acquiring diabetic complications. Also, many patients gradually lose the ability to respond to treatment with sulphonylureas and are thus gradually forced into insulin treatment. This shift of patients from oralhypoglycaemic agents to insulin therapy is usually ascribed to exhaustion of the .beta.-cells in NIDDM patients. In normal subjects as well as in diabetic subjects, the liver produces glucose in order to avoid hypoglycaemia. This glucose production is derived either from the release of glucose from glycog
N-heteroaryl indole carboxamides and analogues thereof, for use as glucokinase activators in the treatment of diabetes, et al., Jesper Lau, Per Vedso, Janos Tibor Kodra, Anthony Murray, Lone Jeppesen, Michael Ankersen
N-(1-alkyl-2-phenylethyl)-carboxamide Derivatives And Use Thereof As Fungicides - Patent 8148419
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) The present application is a 35 U.S.C. .sctn.371 national phase conversion of PCT/EP2006/068720 filed 21 Nov. 2006, which claims priority of European Application No. 05356202.1 filed 22 Nov. 2005. The present invention relates to novel N-(1alkyl-2phenylethyl)carboxamide derivatives, their process of preparation, their use as fungicides, particularly in the form of fungicidal compositions, and methods for the control of phytopathogenicfungi of plants using these compounds or their compositions. International patent application WO 00/026191 discloses picolinamide derivatives of general formula encompassing the compounds according to the present invention, and their use as fungicide. However, compounds according to the present inventionare not disclosed in that patent application. European patent application EP 296673 discloses 5-thiazolecarboxamide derivatives and their use as fungicide. However, compounds according to the present invention are not disclosed in that patent application. It is always of high-interest in the field of agrochemicals to use pesticidal compounds more active than the compounds already known by the man ordinary skilled in the art whereby less compound can be used whilst retaining equivalent efficacy. Furthermore, the provision of new pesticidal compounds with a higher efficacy strongly reduces the risk of appearance of resistant strains in the fungi to be treated. We have now found a new family of compounds which show enhanced fungicidal activity over the general known family of such compounds. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a N-(1alkyl-2phenylethyl)carboxamide derivative of general formula (I) ##STR00002## in which: n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; p is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; X is the same or different and is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, a sulfanyl group, a pentafluoro-.lamda..sup.6-sulfanyl group, a formyl group, aformyloxy group, a formylamino group, a carbamoyl g
N-(1-alkyl-2-phenylethyl)-carboxamide derivatives and use thereof as fungicides, Coqueron, et al., Pierre-Yves Coqueron, Darren James Mansfield, Philippe Desbordes, Heiko Rieck, Pierre Genix, Alain Villier, Marie-Claire Grosjean-Cournoyer
Thiophene Derivatives As Agonists Of S1P1/EDG1 - Patent 8148410
This application is a United States National Stage Application under 35 USC .sctn.371 of PCT/IB2008/055156, filed Dec. 9, 2008, which claims the benefit of International Application No. PCT/IB2007/054991, filed Dec. 10, 2007 the contents ofeach of which are incorporated herein by reference.FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to S1P1/EDG1 receptor agonists of Formula (I) and their use as active ingredients in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions. The invention also concerns related aspects including processes for thepreparation of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of the Formula (I), and their use as compounds improving vascular function and as immunomodulating agents, either alone or in combination with other active compounds ortherapies.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The human immune system is designed to defend the body against foreign micro-organisms and substances that cause infection or disease. Complex regulatory mechanisms ensure that the immune response is targeted against the intruding substance ororganism and not against the host. In some cases, these control mechanisms are unregulated and autoimmune responses can develop. A consequence of the uncontrolled inflammatory response is severe organ, cell, tissue or joint damage. With currenttreatment, the whole immune system is usually suppressed and the body's ability to react to infections is also severely compromised. Typical drugs in this class include azathioprine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin, or methotrexate. Corticosteroids which reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response, may cause side effects when used in long term treatment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce pain and inflammation, however, they exhibit considerable sideeffects. Alternative treatments include agents that activate or block cytokine signaling. Orally active compounds with immunomodulating properties, without compromising im
Thiophene derivatives as agonists of S1P1 EDG1, Bolli, et al., Martin Bolli, Cyrille Lescop, Boris Mathys, Claus Mueller, Oliver Nayler, Beat Steiner, Application number 12 747-280
Benzimidazole Derivatives - Patent 8148401
FIELD OF INVENTION This invention relates to novel benzimidazole derivatives that are useful in the treatment of abnormal cell growth, such as cancer, in mammals. This invention also relates to a method of using such compounds in the treatment of abnormal cellgrowth in mammals, especially humans, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.BACKGROUND Hedgehog (Hh) proteins are secreted morphogens that are involved in many biological processes during embryonic development. Postnatally, Hh has important roles in tissue homeostasis and aberrant Hh signaling is associated with developmentaldisorders and several types of cancer. At the cell surface, the Hh signal is thought to be relayed by the 12 transmembrane domain protein Patched (Ptc) (Hooper and Scott, Cell 59: 751-65 (1989); Nakano et al., Nature 341: 508-13 (1989)) and theG-protein-coupled-like receptor Smoothened (Smo) (Alcedo et al., Cell 86: 221-232 (1996); van den Heuvel and Tngham, Nature 382: 547-551 (1996)). Both genetic and biochemical evidence support a receptor model where Ptch and Smo are part of amulti-component receptor complex (Chen and Struhl, Cell 87: 553-63 (1996); Mango et al., Nature 384: 176-9 (1996); Stone et al., Nature 384:129-34 (1996)). Upon binding of Hh to Ptch, the normal inhibitory effect of Ptch on Smo is relieved, allowing Smoto transduce the Hh signal across the plasma membrane. However, the exact mechanism by which Ptch controls Smo activity still has yet to be clarified. The signaling cascade initiated by Smo results in activation of Gli transcription factors that translocate into the nucleus where they control transcription of target genes. Gli has been shown to influence transcription of Hh pathway inhibitorssuch as Ptc and Hip I in a negative feedback loop indicating that tight control of the Hh pathway activity is required for proper cellular differentiation and organ formation. Uncontrolled activation of Hh signaling pathway is associated withmaligna
Benzimidazole derivatives, Munchhof, et al., Michael J. Munchhof, Lawrence A. Reiter, Susan D. La Greca, Christopher S. Jones, Qifang Li, Application number 12 142-119, Drug Bio-Affecting And Body Treating Compositions