Source: https://www.customsmobile.com/uscode/25/2206
Timestamp: 2020-02-29 04:37:28
Document Index: 590007444

Matched Legal Cases: ['§\u202f2205', '§\u202f2207', '§\u202f207', '§\u202f103', '§\u202f3', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f501', '§\u202f207']

25 USC 2206 - Descent and distribution
§ 2205. Tribal probate codes; ac...
§ 2207. Full faith and credit to...
Nontestamentary disposition
Rules governing descent of estate
If the decedent is survived by 1 or more eligible heirs described in subparagraph (B)(i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), the surviving spouse shall receive ⅓ of the trust personalty of the decedent and a life estate without regard to waste in the interests in trust or restricted lands of the decedent.
Individual and tribal heirs
No Indian tribe
Intestate descent of small fractional interests in land
the decedent died on or after the date described in subsection (b) of section 8 of the American Indian Probate 2
If, under this subsection, all or any part of the estate of a decedent is to pass to children of a deceased child by right of representation, that part is to be divided into as many equal shares as there are living children of the decedent and pre-deceased children who left issue who survive the decedent. Each living child of the decedent, if any, shall receive 1 share, and the share of each pre-deceased child shall be divided equally among the pre-deceased child’s children.
Special rule relating to survival
Except as provided in paragraphs (2)(A) and (D) regarding the life estate of a surviving spouse, a trust or restricted interest in land or trust personalty that descends under the provisions of this subsection shall vest in the heir in the same trust or restricted status as such interest was held immediately prior to the decedent’s death.
Intestate descent of permanent improvements
Definition of covered permanent improvement
In this paragraph, the term “covered permanent improvement” means a permanent improvement (including an interest in such an improvement) that is—
Rule of descent
without altering or otherwise affecting the non-trust status of such a covered permanent improvement.’ 4
General devise of an interest in trust or restricted land
Devise of trust or restricted land as a life estate or in fee
Indian reorganization act lands
Subject to clauses (ii) and (iii), any interest”; 5
in trust or restricted land that is subject to section 5107 of this title, may be devised only in accordance with—
Except as provided in clause (ii), nothing; and 6
in this section or in section 5107 of this title, shall be construed to authorize the devise of any interest in trust or restricted land that is subject to section 5107 of this title to any person as a fee interest under subparagraph (A)(ii).
General devise of an interest in trust personalty
Trust personality 7
The term “trust personalty” as used in this section includes all funds and securities of any kind which are held in trust in an individual Indian money account or otherwise supervised by the Secretary.
Maintenance as trust personalty
Direct disbursement and distribution
Invalid devises and wills
Joint tenancy; right of survivorship
Descent of off-reservation lands
For purposes of this subsection, the term “Indian reservation” includes lands located within—
The official authorized to adjudicate the probate of trust or restricted lands shall have the authority to approve agreements between a decedent’s heirs and devisees to consolidate interests in trust or restricted lands. The agreements referred to in the preceding sentence may include trust or restricted lands that are not a part of the decedent’s estate that is the subject of the probate. The Secretary may promulgate regulations for the implementation of this subsection.
assist Indian landowners in accessing information pursuant to section 2216(e) of this title.
Probate code development and legal assistance grants
organizations that provide legal assistance services for Indian tribes, Indian organizations, and individual owners of interests in trust or restricted lands that are qualified as nonprofit organizations under section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and provide such services pursuant to Federal poverty guidelines, for purposes of providing civil legal assistance to such Indian tribes, individual owners, and Indian organizations for the development of tribal probate codes, for estate planning services or for other purposes consistent with the services they provide to Indians and Indian tribes; and
Authorization for appropriations
No effect on laws
Limitation on effect of paragraph
Construction that will passes all property
No differentiation between relationship by blood and relationship by affinity
Terms of relationship that do not differentiate relationships by blood from those by affinity, such as “uncles”, “aunts”, “nieces”, or “nephews”, are construed to exclude relatives by affinity. Terms of relationship that do not differentiate relationships by the half blood from those by the whole blood, such as “brothers”, “sisters”, “nieces”, or “nephews”, are construed to include both types of relationships.
Meaning of “heirs” and “next of kin”, etc.; time of ascertaining class
A devise of trust or restricted interest in land or an interest in trust personalty to the testator’s or another designated person’s “heirs”, “next of kin”, “relatives”, or “family” shall mean those persons, including the spouse, who would be entitled to take under the provisions of this chapter for nontestamentary disposition. The class is to be ascertained as of the date of the testator’s death.
Time for ascertaining class
Meaning of “die without issue” and similar phrases
In any devise under this chapter,8
Persons born out of wedlock
In construing provisions of this chapter 8 relating to lapsed and void devises, and in construing a devise to a person or persons described by relationship to the testator or to another, a person born out of wedlock shall be considered the child of the natural mother and also of the natural father.
Subject to the provisions of subsection (b), where the testator devises or bequeaths a trust or restricted interest in land or trust personalty to the testator’s grandparents or to the lineal descendent of a grandparent, and the devisee or legatee dies before the testator leaving lineal descendents, such descendents shall take the interest so devised or bequeathed per stirpes.
Void devises
If a family cemetery plot owned by the testator in trust or restricted status at his decease is not mentioned in the decedent’s will, the ownership of the plot shall descend to his heirs as if he had died intestate.
Heirship by killing
Heir by killing defined
As used in this subsection, “heir by killing” means any person who knowingly participates, either as a principal or as an accessory before the fact, in the willful and unlawful killing of the decedent.
No acquisition of property by killing
Descent, distribution, and right of survivorship
The heir by killing shall be deemed to have predeceased the decedent as to decedent’s trust or restricted interests in land or trust personalty which would have passed from the decedent or his estate to such heir—
Joint tenants, joint owners, and joint obligees
Life estate for the life of another
If the estate is held by a third person whose possession expires upon the death of the decedent, it shall remain in such person’s hands for the period of time following the decedent’s death equal to the life expectancy of the decedent but for the killing.
Preadjudication rule
If a person has been charged, whether by indictment, information, or otherwise by the United States, a tribe, or any State, with voluntary manslaughter or homicide in connection with a decedent’s death, then any and all trust or restricted land or trust personalty that would otherwise pass to that person from the decedent’s estate shall not pass or be distributed by the Secretary until the charges have been resolved in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph.
Broad construction; policy of subsection
General rules governing probate
Pretermitted spouses and children
Should the surviving spouse of the testator be omitted from the will of the testator, the surviving spouse shall be treated, for purposes of trust or restricted land or trust personalty in the testator’s estate, in accordance with subsection (a)(2)(A), as though there was no will but only if—
Effect of subsequent divorce on a will or devise
A child in gestation at the time of decedent’s death will be treated as having survived the decedent if the child lives at least 120 hours after its birth.
Advancements of trust personalty during lifetime; effect on distribution of estate
The trust personalty of a decedent who dies intestate as to all or a portion of his or her estate, given during the decedent’s lifetime to a person eligible to be an heir of the decedent under subsection (b)(2)(B), shall be treated as an advancement against the heir’s inheritance, but only if the decedent declared in a contemporaneous writing, or the heir acknowledged in writing, that the gift is an advancement or is to be taken into account in computing the division and distribution of the decedent’s intestate estate.
Heirs related to decedent through 2 lines; single share
A person who is related to the decedent through 2 lines of relationship is entitled to only a single share of the trust or restricted land or trust personalty in the decedent’s estate based on the relationship that would entitle such person to the larger share.
Renunciation or disclaimer of interests
Eligible recipients of renounced or disclaimed interests; notice to recipients
any person who would have been eligible to be a devisee of the interest in question pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(A) (but only in cases where the renouncing person is a devisee of the interest under a valid will); or
Acceptance of interest
During the pendency of probate, the decisionmaker is authorized to approve written consolidation agreements effecting exchanges or gifts voluntarily entered into between the decedent’s eligible heirs or devisees, to consolidate interests in any tract of land included in the decedent’s trust inventory. Such agreements may provide for the conveyance of interests already owned by such heirs or devisees in such tracts, without having to comply with the Secretary’s rules and requirements otherwise applicable to conveyances by deed of trust or restricted interests in land.
An agreement approved under subparagraph (A) shall be considered final when implemented in an order by a decisionmaker. The final probate order shall direct any changes necessary to the Secretary’s land records, to reflect and implement the terms of the approved agreement.
Effect on purchase option at probate
Notification to landowners
Pilot project for the management of trust assets of Indian families and relatives
Primary purposes; limitation; approval of transactions; payments by Secretary
Secretarial approval of transactions
Limitations on pilot project
For purposes of this subsection and subsection (m), an heir may be presumed missing if—
such heir’s whereabouts remain unknown 60 days after completion of notice efforts under subsection (m); and
The trust or restricted interests in a parcel of land in the decedent’s estate may be purchased at probate in accordance with the provisions of this subsection.
Sale of interest at fair market value
Any other eligible heir taking an interest in the same parcel of land by intestate succession or the decedent’s other devisees of interests in the same parcel who are eligible to receive a devise under subsection (b)(1)(A).
Request to purchase; consent requirements; multiple requests to purchase
except as provided in paragraph (5), the heirs or devisees of such interest, and the decedent’s surviving spouse, if any, receiving a life estate under subparagraph (A) or (D) of subsection (a)(2) consent to the sale.
Multiple requests to purchase
Appraisal and notice
Small undivided interests in Indian lands
the Secretary is purchasing the interest under the program authorized under section 2212(a)(1) of this title; or
Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the consent of such heir or surviving spouse shall be required for the sale at probate of the interest of the heir or surviving spouse if, at the time of the decedent’s death, the heir or surviving spouse was residing on the parcel of land of which the interest to be sold was a part.
the heir, by intestate succession under subsection (a); or
the devisee in trust or restricted status under subsection (b)(1).
(Pub. L. 97–459, title II, § 207, as added Pub. L. 106–462, title I, § 103(4), Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1995; amended Pub. L. 108–374, §§ 3, 6(a)(2), (4), (e), Oct. 27, 2004, 118 Stat. 1774, 1797, 1800, 1805; Pub. L. 109–157, § 4, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2950; Pub. L. 109–221, title V, § 501(a), May 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 343; Pub. L. 110–453, title II, § 207(c), Dec. 2, 2008, 122 Stat. 5030.)
cite as: 25 USC 2206