Source: https://www.ruaneattorneys.com/connecticut-criminal-defense/connecticut-drug-defense/connecticut-drug-testing-work/
Timestamp: 2018-02-25 05:44:10
Document Index: 714468578

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 21', '§ 21', '§ 14', '§ 31', '§ 31', '§ 14', 'art 391']

Home | Connecticut Criminal Defense | Connecticut Drug Defense | Chemical Drug Testing & Workplace Testing in Connecticut
Chemical Drug Testing & Workplace Testing in Connecticut	James Ruane	2017-03-07T19:20:03+00:00
After your arrest, if the police suspect that you possessed drugs and the substance alleged to be drugs are seized, Connecticut law authorizes the Division of Scientific Services within the Department of Public Safety to analyze the substance seized. There are a number of testing procedures used, including gas chromatography and infrared analysis. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21a-283 mandates that the test must be done in a laboratory licensed by the Commissioner of Public Health or the Commissioner of Consumer Protection. Also, the original report must be signed and dated by the analyst, and include the “nature of the analytical tests or procedures, the identification and number of samples tested and the results of the analytical tests.”
However, the results of these tests may be challenged at trial. In addition to laboratory error and false-positives, we may be able to suppress the laboratory results because of the recent decision by the United States Supreme Court, Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, 129 S. Ct. 2527 (2009). In this decision, the Supreme Court held that now, in order for laboratory tests to be admissible, the individual who actually performed the test must testify. Before this decision, this was not required. However, using the Confrontation Clause of the United States Constitution, the Supreme Court held that the Constitution requires the state to present this witness. If the State does not produce the analyst, then we may be able to suppress any laboratory testing.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21a-283. Analytical tests for presence of controlled drugs or alcohol. Standards and procedures. Convictions constituting prior offense. Imposition of cost when analysis performed.
(a) The Division of Scientific Services within the Department of Public Safety shall have primary responsibility for analysis of materials believed to contain controlled drugs, or of blood or urine believed to contain alcohol, for purposes of criminal prosecutions pursuant to this chapter; provided nothing herein shall be construed to preclude the use for such analyses of the services of other qualified toxicologists, pathologists and chemists, whether employed by the state or a municipality or a private facility or engaged in private practice, if such toxicologists, pathologists and chemists are engaged in operation of or employed by laboratories licensed by the Commissioner of Public Health or the Commissioner of Consumer Protection pursuant to section 21a-246. A laboratory of the United States Bureau of Narcotics is not required to be licensed under this section if it is approved by the Division of Scientific Services within the Department of Public Safety.
(b) The Division of Scientific Services within the Department of Public Safety shall establish the standards for analytical tests to be conducted with respect to controlled drugs, or with respect to body fluids believed to contain alcohol, by qualified professional toxicologists and chemists operating under the division’s direction and shall have the general responsibility for supervising such analytical personnel in the performance of such tests. The original report of an analysis made by such analytical personnel of the Division of Scientific Services or by a qualified toxicologist, pathologist or chemist of a laboratory of the United States Bureau of Narcotics shall be signed and dated by the analyst actually conducting the tests and shall state the nature of the analytical tests or procedures, the identification and number of samples tested and the results of the analytical tests. A copy of such report certified by the analyst shall be received in any court of this state as competent evidence of the matters and facts therein contained at any hearing in probable cause, pretrial hearing or trial. If such copy is to be offered in evidence at a trial, the attorney for the state shall send a copy thereof, by certified mail, to the attorney of the defendant who has filed an appearance of record or, if there is no such attorney, to the defendant if such defendant has filed an appearance pro se, and such attorney or defendant, as the case may be, shall, within five days of the receipt of such copy, notify the attorney for the state, in writing, if such attorney or defendant intends to contest the introduction of such certified copy. No such trial shall commence until the expiration of such five-day period and, if such intention to contest has been filed, the usual rules of evidence shall obtain at such trial.
(d) In addition to any fine, fee or cost that may be imposed pursuant to any provision of the general statutes, the court shall impose a cost of fifty dollars upon any person convicted of a violation of this chapter if an analysis of a controlled substance in relation to the conviction was performed by or at the direction of the chief toxicologist of the Department of Public Health or the Division of Scientific Services within the Department of Public Safety. Any cost imposed under this subsection shall be credited to the appropriation for the Department of Public Safety and shall not be diverted for any other purpose than the provision of funds for the Division of Scientific Services.
Drug Tests in the Field
Oftentimes, before an individual is arrested for possession of drugs or one of the other more serious offenses like possession with intent to sell, the arresting officer will conduct a field test of the substance he suspects is a controlled substance. The most common field test kits that are used are the “NARK” test kits, which can test for a variety of substances. There are major problems with these test kits, specifically that they quite often produce false positive results. For example, with the “NARK II” test kit, which tests for Marijuana, the kit can read a false positive if dark chocolate is testing. This means that the test kit will show positive for marijuana when the only substance being tested is chocolate! That means you could potentially be arrested for possession of a controlled substance when you do not even have that substance on you. However, you could also reap the benefits of the unreliability of these tests. These field tests may also indicate that no drugs are present when in fact they are.
The courts do recognize the problems with these test kits, and therefore, the results of these field tests alone cannot be used to convict you. Typically, the results of a field test can only be used to establish probable cause when testified to in conjunction with other evidence (i.e. the officer’s training and experience” and even subsequent testimony of a state toxicologist. In State v. Williams, 169 Conn. 322 (1975), our Supreme Court held that a police office could testify as to the purpose and results of field tests if there is subsequent testimony of a toxicologist confirming the results of the field test. While this is not a bright-line rule, it certainly prevents the state from relying field tests that are generally unreliable.
Generally, the presence of drugs in a blood or urine test is not evidence of possession. In order to establish possession, the state must prove actual possession or construction possession. Having drugs in your system is not actual or constructive possession. Evidence of a controlled substance in your body, or evidence that you introduced it into your body, is not by itself proof of present or past possession. However, oftentimes police officers will still try obtain blood or urine tests are part of their investigation into other crimes, or possession crimes, in order to obtain circumstantial evidence. These tests, as with the field tests, have many problems. There are a number of procedures and protocols that must be followed in order for them to be admissible, and the Connecticut General Statutes provides for these regulations.
Conn. Agencies Regs. § 14-227a-3b. Approval and certification required.
(a) No person shall operate a laboratory for the performance of forensic chemical testing within the scope of sections 14-227a-1b to 14-227a-10b, inclusive, of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, until the commissioner approves the methods of conducting the analyses and certifies each analyst who will be performing such chemical tests.
(b) To be eligible for approval, a method shall be based upon one or more of the following quantitative techniques:
(1) titration with potassium dichromate;
(2) use of alcohol dehydrogenase;
(4) infrared analysis;
(5) fuel cell analysis;
(6) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry;
(7) enzyme immunoassay; or
(8) high performance liquid chromatography.
(c) The commissioner may approve a method not based on the techniques listed in subsection (b) of this section, provided that such alternative method produces a comparable degree of precision and accuracy.
(d) Test results shall not be reported until the requirements of subsection (a) of this section are met. Failure to obtain such approvals or certifications may result in the suspension or revocation of any approvals or certifications subsequently obtained.
(a) Requirements for blood collection
(1) Blood shall be withdrawn by a person licensed to practice medicine and surgery in this state, a phlebotomist as defined in subdivision (12) of section 14-227a-1b of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, a qualified laboratory technician, an emergency medical technician II, a registered nurse or such other occupational classification as the commissioner determines may competently and safely withdraw blood for the purposes of sections 14-227a-1b to 14-227a-10b, inclusive, of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies.
(2) Blood samples shall be collected using a sterile syringe and hypodermic needle or other equipment of equivalent sterility. The skin at the area of puncture shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected, provided that any solution containing ethyl alcohol shall not be used as a skin antiseptic.
(3) Containers and other equipment for sample collection shall be of a type that will preserve the integrity and suitability of the sample from the time of collection until analysis. Following collection, the container for each sample shall be sealed and labeled. Only those samples that have been properly sealed shall be analyzed.
(b) Requirements for urine testing
(1) The police officer collecting the sample shall monitor the collection of the sample to ensure that adulteration or misidentification does not occur. Collections shall be monitored by a police officer of the same gender as the individual from whom the sample is obtained.
(2) Containers and other equipment for sample collection shall be of a type that will preserve the integrity and suitability of the sample from the time of collection until it is analyzed. Following collection, the container for each sample shall be sealed and labeled. Only those samples that have been properly sealed shall be analyzed.
(c) Requirements for blood and urine tests
(1) No analysis result may be reported or used for the purposes specified in section 14-227a-2b of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, unless the method or methods used to conduct the analysis have been approved by the commissioner and such analysis is performed by an analyst.
(3) All tests shall be performed in duplicate. Alcohol test results shall be reported to the requesting agency only when the duplicate results correspond to each other within 5 percent of the mean value. Drug test results shall be reported to the requesting agency only when the duplicate results correspond to each other within 20 percent of the mean value.
(4) All reports, written and oral, shall indicate the determined or equivalent blood alcohol content in terms of hundredths of a percent. When determinations are made to the nearest thousandth of a percent, results shall be truncated to the first two digits after the decimal point. For example, a determination of 0.149 percent shall be reported as 0.14 percent.
An employer may give an employee a random drug test if the employer has “reasonable suspicion that the employee is under the influence of drugs or alcohol which adversely affects or could adversely affect such employee’s job performance.” Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-51x. An employer does not need reasonable suspicion to require a drug test of an employee if any of the following conditions are present: (1) federal law allows for the tests for that occupation, (2) the occupation is designated as high-risk or safety-sensitive occupation, (3) the employee operates a school bus, or (4) the testing is part of an employee assistance program in which the employee voluntarily participates.
(a) No employer may determine an employee’s eligibility for promotion, additional compensation, transfer, termination, disciplinary or other adverse personnel action solely on the basis of a positive urinalysis drug test result unless (1) the employer has given the employee a urinalysis drug test, utilizing a reliable methodology, which produced a positive result and (2) such positive test result was confirmed by a second urinalysis drug test, which was separate and independent from the initial test, utilizing a gas chromatography and mass spectrometry methodology or a methodology which has been determined by the Commissioner of Public Health to be as reliable or more reliable than the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry methodology.
No employer may require a prospective employee to submit to a urinalysis drug test as part of the application procedure for employment with such employer unless (1) the prospective employee is informed in writing at the time of application of the employer’s intent to conduct such a drug test, (2) such test is conducted in accordance with the requirements of subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of section 31-51u and (3) the prospective employee is given a copy of any positive urinalysis drug test result. The results of any such test shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed by the employer or its employees to any person other than any such employee to whom such disclosure is necessary.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-51x. Drug testing: Reasonable suspicion required. Random tests
Department of Labor Agency Guidelines: List of Occupations Designated as High-Risk or Safety-Sensitive by the Labor Commissioner of the State of Connecticut (February 2009)
The following is a list of occupations designated as high risk or safety sensitive by the Labor Commissioner as a result of specific request received on behalf of individual employers.
This list may serve only as a guide for the Commissioner in future investigations and determinations made pursuant to the regulations. Employers may institute random urinalysis drug testing only after their individual request has received written approval from the Commissioner.
• Advanced Climber/Trimmer-Trainee (Power Line Clearance).
• Advanced Life Support Technicians.
• Aerial Construction Supervisor.
• Air Pollution Engineer.
• Aircraft Mechanic.
• Airframe and Powerplant Technician.
• Assembler/Packager (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Assistant Plant Operator (Power Generations).
• Assistant Utility Operator (Plant Generations).
• Avionics Technician.
• Back Piler Operator (Terminal Operations).
• Beta Field Engineer.
• Blasters.
• Boilermaker (Elevated Construction).
• Boilermaker/Pipefitter/Plumber/Welder (Elevated Construction).
• Branch Managers (Compressed Gas).
• Bricklayers (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway Construction).
• Bulldozer Operator (Terminal Operations).
• Bus Driver.
• Bus Monitor/Aide.
• Camp Counselors (First Aid/CPR Certified).
• Carpenters (Elevated Concrete Form Work).
• Carpenter (Elevated Construction).
• Carpenters and Joiners (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway Construction).
• Carriers (Terminal Operations).
• Caulking Specialist (High-Rise/Elevated).
• Chauffer.
• Checker (Terminal Operations).
• Chemical Compounding Manager/Supervisor/Personnel (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Chemical Lab Technician/Assistant (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Chemical Operator (Hazardous Materials).
• Chemical Processors (Surgical Sponge Manufacturing).
• Chemist (Hazardous Waste Materials).
• Chemist/Hazardous Waste Handler/Manager.
• Chief Chemist (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Climber/Trimmer-Trainee (Power Line Clearance).
• Clinical Assistant.
• Clinicians (Social Workers, Therapists, and Psychologists).
• Coax Splicer.
• Compressed Gas Delivery Personnel.
• Construction Engineer (Elevated Construction).
• Construction Splicer (Television Cable).
• Consultant Pharmacist.
• Container Management Worker (Hazardous Waste Materials).
• Corporate Industrial Hygienist (Chemical/Mining Facilities).
• Corporate Security Personnel (Executive Protection).
• Counseling Assistant.
• Crane Operator (Power Generations).
• Crane Operator (Prestress concrete).
• Crew Chief (Armored Car).
• Crew Leader (Power Line Clearance).
• Cryogenic Repair/Installation Associates.
• Cylinder Shot Blasting Operators.
• Deburrer.
• Director, Environmental Health & Safety (Power Generations).
• Director of IV Services.
• Director of Operations (EMS).
• Dispatcher (Ambulance & Handicapped Services Vehicle).
• Dispatcher (Petroleum Products).
• Dispatcher/Forklift Operator (Prestress Concrete).
• Disposing Operator (Water Treatment Plant/Flammable, Hazardous Liquid).
• Distillation Chemists.
• District Field Operations Supervisor (Explosives).
• Divers (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway Construction).
• Diving Tenders (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway Construction).
• Dock/Yardworker (Petroleum Products).
• Driller/Explosives Handler.
• Driller/Explosives Technician.
• Driver/Explosives Handler.
• Driver/Guard (Armored Car).
• Drivers of School Buses and/or Student Transportation Vehicles.
• Drop Swapper (Television Cable).
• Drum Laborer.
• E & I Technician (Power Generations).
• Electrician (Elevated Construction).
• Electronics Service Technician.
• Emergency Medical Technician.
• Emergency Medical Technician Intermediate (EMT-I).
• Emission Measurements Technician.
• Engineer (Hazardous Waste Site).
• Environmental Scientist (Hazardous Waste/Petroleum Products).
• Equipment/Forklift Operators.
• Executive Chauffeur.
• Executive Director (EMS).
• Expediter.
• Explosives Handler.
• Explosives Technician.
• Explosives Technician Trainee.
• FPI/X-ray.
• Fiber Optic Observer.
• Fiber Splicer.
• Field Engineer (Elevated Construction).
• Field Operations Manager (Explosives).
• Field Service Representative (Fuel Station Monitoring).
• Field Technician (Hazardous Waste/Petroleum Products).
• Field Technician (Hazardous Waste Site).
• Field Test Engineers (Off-Shore Drilling).
• Filling Manager/Supervisor (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Finisher (Prestress Concrete).
• Fireplace Installer.
• Fire Sprinkler Technician (Elevated Construction).
• Flagman.
• Fleet Engineer (EMS).
• Flight Attendant.
• Flight Officer.
• Floaters (Surgical Sponge Manufacturing).
• Foreman.
• Forklift Operator.
• Forklift Operator (Terminal Operations).
• Forklift Operator (Hazardous Materials).
• Furnace Operator.
• Gang Boss (Terminal Operations).
• Garage Mechanics (Terminal Operations).
• Gemko/PK Operator.
• General Laborer (Terminal Operations).
• General Maintenance Personnel.
• Groundperson (Power Line Clearance).
• Group Leaders (Surgical Sponge Manufacturing).
• Guard/Fireman.
• Gutter Installer.
• HVAC Service Technician.
• Handlers and Users of Radioactive Sources.
• Hardware Technician.
• Health & Safety Officer (Hazardous Waste Site).
• Heavy Equipment Operators (Elevated Construction).
• Hold Operator of Forklift (Terminal Operations).
• Hydrogeologist (Hazardous Waste Site).
• Hydro Test Operator.
• Inspector (Crane).
• Inspector (Elevated Construction).
• Inspectors (Surgical Sponge Manufacturing).
• Installation Representative/Manager (Fuel Station Monitoring).
• Installation/Repair Technician (Television Cable).
• Installer (Television Cable).
• Insulation Installer.
• Insulator.
• Insulator (Elevated Construction).
• Invalid Coach Driver.
• Iron Workers (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Construction).
• Ironworker (Rebar & Structural).
• IV Nurse.
• IV Pharmacist.
• IV Pharmacy Technician.
• Lab Manager.
• Lab Manager (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Lab Technicians.
• Laboratory Director (Hazardous Waste Materials).
• Laborer (Power Generations).
• Laborer (Power Line Clearance).
• Laborer (Road Crack and Joint Repair).
• Laborers (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway Construction).
• Laborers (Elevated Concrete Form Work).
• Lathe Operators.
• Lead Installation/Line Technician (Television Cable).
• Lead Laborer (Power Generations).
• Lead Technician (Fuel Station Monitoring).
• Leadman (Prestress Concrete).
• Leakage Technician (Television Cable).
• Licensed Operator (Waste Water Treatment Plant).
• Licensed Practical Nurses.
• Light Duty Wrecker Operator.
• Limousine Driver.
• Lineman.
• Line Technician (Television Cable).
• Loader/Unloader.
• Location Manager (Petroleum or Petrochemical Laboratory).
• Longshoreman (Terminal Operations).
• Machine Operators (Surgical Sponge Manufacturing).
• Machine Setup Mechanic (Plastic Products Manufacturing).
• Machinist (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Machinist (Plastic Products Manufacturing).
• Maintaining revenue service vehicles or equipment used in revenue service.
• Maintenance Electrician/Steamfitter.
• Maintenance Electrician/Steamfitter (Elevated Construction).
• Maintenance Manager (Power Generations).
• Maintenance Mechanic Helpers (Terminal Operations).
• Maintenance Mechanic.
• Maintenance Mechanics (Terminal Operations).
• Maintenance Mechanics, Lead 1st & 2nd class (Power Generations).
• Maintenance Person/Forklift Operator (Prestress Concrete).
• Maintenance Personnel (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Maintenance Supervisor.
• Maintenance Supervisor (Power Generations).
• Maintenance Worker (Hazardous Waste Materials).
• Manager, Technical & Field Service (Fuel Station Monitoring).
• Marine Terminal Operator (Petroleum Products).
• Masons (Elevated Concrete Form Work).
• Material Handler.
• Material Handler (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Material Handler/Forklift Operator (Plastic Products Manufacturing).
• Mechanics (Heating, Elevated Construction).
• Mechanics (Placarded Vehicles Carrying Hazardous Materials).
• Mechanics (School Buses and/or Student Transportation Vehicles).
• Milling Machinists.
• Millwright.
• Millwright (Elevated Construction).
• Mobile Equipment Operator (Power Generations).
• Operating Engineer.
• Operating Engineers (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway Construction).
• Operating Engineer (Cranes/Heavy Equipment/Piledriver/Forklifts).
• Operation of a revenue service vehicle, whether or not such vehicle is in revenue service.
• Operations Manager (Armored Car).
• Operations Manager (EMS).
• Operations Manager (Power Generations).
• Operations Superintendent (Power Generations).
• Operations Technician (Fuel Station Monitoring).
• Operator of Medi-Van.
• Operators of Handicapped Services Vehicles.
• Overhead Crane Operator (10 ton and over).
• Packagers (Surgical Sponge Manufacturing).
• Packer/Forklift Operator (Plastic Products Manufacturing).
• Painters (Elevated Construction).
• Painters (Elevated Structure).
• Pallet Jack Operator.
• Payload Operator (Terminal Operations).
• Petroleum/Chemical Inspector.
• Petroleum or Petrochemical Laboratory Manager.
• Pharmaceutical Clinical Quality Assurance Rep.
• Pharmaceutical Data Entry Technician/Supervisor.
• Pharmaceutical Medical Records Technician.
• Pharmaceutical Picking/Packaging/Manager/Supervisor.
• Pharmaceutical Picking Technician.
• Pharmaceutical Production Manager.
• Pharmaceutical Purchasing Staff/Manager.
• Pharmaceutical Returns/Pyxis Technician.
• Pharmacy Technician.
• Pick Up Gear (Terminal Operations).
• Pile Drivers (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway Construction).
• Pipefitter.
• Plant Associates (Compressed Gas).
• Plant Foreman (Petroleum Products).
• Plantman (Petroleum Products).
• Plant Manager.
• Plant Manager (Compressed Gas).
• Plant Manager (Petroleum Products).
• Plant Manager (Power Generations).
• Plant Operator (Petroleum Products).
• Plant Operator (Power Generations).
• Plant Superintendent (Petroleum Products).
• Plant Supervisor (Petroleum Products).
• Plant Technician.
• Plasma Sprayer.
• Plater.
• Plumbers/Pipefitters (Elevated Construction).
• Pre-Wire (Television Cable).
• Processing Supervisor (Hazardous Waste Materials).
• Production Chemists.
• Production Supervisors/Managers.
• Project Manager (Elevated Construction).
• Propane Service Technician.
• Pumpers.
• Quality Assurance Manager (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Quality Control Chemists.
• Quality Control Inspector (Aircraft).
• Quality Control Inspector (Prestress Concrete).
• Quality Control Lab Technician (Prestress Concrete).
• Quality Control-Laboratory (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Quality Control-Production Inspector (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Quality Monitors (Surgical Sponge Manufacturing).
• Registered Nurse/Nurse Practitioner.
• Registered Nurses.
• Remedial Service, Technician (Hazardous Waste Materials).
• Repair Personnel of Ambulance and Handicapped Services Vehicles.
• Research & Development Chemist.
• Residential House Parent.
• Riggers of Containment Cables.
• Safety Manager (Elevated Construction).
• Safety Officer (Armored Car).
• Sailing Instructor.
• Sales Representative/Demonstrator (Heavy Equipment).
• Sales Representative (Crane).
• Security Guard/Safety.
• Senior Projects Manager (Fuel Station Monitoring).
• Senior Technician (Television Cable).
• Service Manager (Cranes).
• Service Technician (Cranes).
• Service Technician (Industrial Chimney/Air Duct and Boiler Systems).
• Service Technician (Television Cable).
• Set-up/Filling (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Shift Supervisor (Power Generations).
• Shipper/Warehouseman/Yardman.
• Shipping Receiving (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Shore Crane Operator (Terminal Operations).
• Shuttle Driver.
• Signalman (Terminal Operations).
• Site Clean-up Crews (HazardousWaste).
• Sorters.
• Staff Scientist (Hazardous Waste Site).
• Stripper (Chemical).
• Supervisor (Ambulance & Handicapped Services Vehicle).
• Supervisor (Prestress concrete).
• Supervisor of Professional Services (EMS).
• Tallying Employees (Terminal Operations).
• Teacher Aide.
• Teamsters.
• Technical/Marketing Representative (Explosives).
• Terminal Foreman (Petroleum Products).
• Terminal Supervisor (Petroleum Products).
• Thermal Sprayers/Gritblasters (Metalizing Operations).
• Top Climber/Top Trimmer (Power Line Clearance).
• Traffic Manager (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing).
• Transfer Station Operator (Power Generations).
• Truck Driver (Hazardous Waste Materials).
• Truck Driver (LP Gas, Gasoline, Combustible Fuel).
• Truck Driver (Petroleum Products).
• Truck Driver (Road Crack and Joint Repair).
• Truck Drivers (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway Construction).
• Truck Drivers Helpers (Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway Construction).
• Truck Loaders.
• Truckloading Dock Operator of Forklift (Terminal Operations).
• Underground Construction Supervisor.
• Underground Utility Locate Technician.
• Utility Man.
• Utility Operator (Power Generations).
• VTL Machinist.
• Van Driver (Revenue Service).
• Vanlube/Bridge Operator.
• Vault Personnel (Armed).
• Warehouse Maintenance & Utility Persons (Hazardous Materials).
• Warehouse/Shipping Clerks.
• Wastewater Treatment Manager.
• Wastewater Treatment Operator.
• Waterproofing Installer.
• Welder/Fabricators.
• Welder (Elevated Construction).
• Welder (Prestress Concrete).
• Weld Manager (Elevated Construction).
• Wheel Chair Van Driver.
• Winch Operator (Terminal Operations).
• Window Installer.
• Working Foreman (Hazardous Materials).
• Yard Laborer.
• Yardman (Hazardous Waste Materials).
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-276a(d). School bus operators and operators of student transportation vehicles: drug testing.
(a) Definition.–In this section, “controlled substance” means any substance under section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 802) specified by the Secretary of Transportation.
(b) Testing program for operators of commercial motor vehicles.–(1)(A) In the interest of commercial motor vehicle safety, the Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations that establish a program requiring motor carriers to conduct preemployment, reasonable suspicion, random, and post-accident testing of operators of commercial motor vehicles for the use of a controlled substance in violation of law or a United States Government regulation and to conduct reasonable suspicion, random, and post-accident testing of such operators for the use of alcohol in violation of law or a United States Government regulation. The regulations shall permit such motor carriers to conduct preemployment testing of such employees for the use of alcohol.
(2) In prescribing regulations under this subsection, the Secretary of Transportation–
(A) shall require that post-accident testing of an operator of a commercial motor vehicle be conducted when loss of human life occurs in an accident involving a commercial motor vehicle; and
(B) may require that post-accident testing of such an operator be conducted when bodily injury or significant property damage occurs in any other serious accident involving a commercial motor vehicle.
(c) Testing and laboratory requirements.–In carrying out subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall develop requirements that shall–
(2) for laboratories and testing procedures for controlled substances, incorporate the Department of Health and Human Services scientific and technical guidelines dated April 11, 1988, and any amendments to those guidelines, including mandatory guidelines establishing–
(5) provide that each specimen be subdivided, secured, and labeled in the presence of the tested individual and that a part of the specimen be retained in a secure manner to prevent the possibility of tampering, so that if the individual’s confirmation test results are positive the individual has an opportunity to have the retained part tested by a 2d confirmation test done independently at another certified laboratory if the individual requests the 2d confirmation test not later than 3 days after being advised of the results
of the first confirmation test;
(d) Testing as part of medical examination. The Secretary of Transportation may provide that testing under subsection (a) of this section for operators subject to subpart E of part 391 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, be conducted as part of the medical examination required under that subpart.
(e) Rehabilitation. The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations establishing requirements for rehabilitation programs that provide for the identification and opportunity for treatment of operators of commercial motor vehicles who are found to have used alcohol or a controlled substance in violation of law or a Government regulation. The Secretary shall decide on the circumstances under which those operators shall be required to participate in a program. This section does not prevent a motor carrier from establishing a program under this section in cooperation with another motor carrier.
(f) Sanctions. The Secretary of Transportation shall decide on appropriate sanctions for a commercial motor vehicle operator who is found, based on tests conducted and confirmed under this section, to have used alcohol or a controlled substance in violation of law or a Government regulation but who is not under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance as provided in this chapter.
(g) Effect on State and local government regulations. A State or local government may not prescribe or continue in effect a law, regulation, standard, or order that is inconsistent with regulations prescribed under this section. However, a regulation prescribed under this section may not be construed to preempt a State criminal law that imposes sanctions for reckless conduct leading to loss of life, injury, or damage to property.
(h) International obligations and foreign laws. In prescribing regulations under this section, the Secretary of Transportation.
(i) Other regulations allowed. This section does not prevent the Secretary of Transportation from continuing in effect, amending, or further supplementing a regulation prescribed before October 28, 1991, governing the use of alcohol or a controlled substance by commercial motor vehicle employees.
(j) Application of penalties. This section does not supersede a penalty applicable to an operator of a commercial motor vehicle under this chapter or another law.[/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]