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As 2134.3-1994 Recommended Practice for Chemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Vapour Generation | Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy | Analytical Chemistry
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AS 2134.
Recommended practice for chemical analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry Part 3: Vapour generation atomic absorption spectrometry
This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CH/16, Spectroscopy. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 11 March 1994 and published on 16 May 1994.
The following interests are represented on Committee CH/16: Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia CSIRO, Division of Materials Science and Technology CSIRO, Division of Energy Chemistry CSIRO, Division of Mineral Chemistry Department of Defence Government Chemical Laboratories, Qld National Association of Testing Authorities Royal Australian Chemical Institute Additional interests participating in preparation of Standard: Broken Hill Associated Smelters Hendry and Hampson Laboratories Sulphide Corporation
Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new edit ions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest editi on, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australi an Standards and related publi cati ons wil l be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives detail s of new publi cati ons, new edit ions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggesti ons for improvements to Australi an Standards, addressed to the head off ice of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notif ication of any inaccuracy or ambiguit y found in an Australi an Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 93118.
AS 2134.31994
First publi shed as AS 2134.31994.
ISBN 0 7262 8862 4
AS 2134.3 1994
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Spectroscopy, under the direction of the Multitechnics Standards Policy Board, as a part of the AS 2134 series of Standards on atomic absorption spectrometry. Part 1 of the series covers flame atomic absorption spectrometry and Part 2 deals with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The term normative has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard.
Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Austr alia publi cati ons and software. Except where the Copyri ght Act all ows and except where provided for below no publi cati ons or soft ware produced by Standards Austr alia may be reproduced, stored in a retr ieval system in any form or transmitt ed by any means without prior permission in writ ing from Standards Australi a. Permission may be condit ional on an appropri ate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalt ies should be directed to the head offi ce of Standards Austr alia. Standards Austr alia wil l permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Austr alia. Standards Austr alia wil l also permit the inclusion of its copyri ght materi al in computer soft ware programs for no royalt y payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current editi on of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied. The use of materi al in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia at any ti me.
Page SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . 1.4 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... .. . ... . .. .. .. .. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .......... .. ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... . .. ... ... .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 4 4 4 5
SECTION 2 INSTRUMENTATION 2.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 SOURCES OF RADIATION . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 VAPOUR GENERATION SYSTEM . . . . . . 2.4 ATOMIZATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 MONOCHROMATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 MEASUREMENT SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . .
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SECTION 3 SYSTEM OPERATION 3.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 FACTORS AFFECTING VAPOUR GENERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 FACTORS AFFECTING VAPOUR TRANSPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 FACTORS AFFECTING ATOMIZATION AND MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . 3.5 ELEMENT OPTIMIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 SENSITIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 PRECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 SETTING-UP PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 4 CALIBRATION AND ANALYSIS 4.1 CONTAMINATION AND REAGENT PURITY . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 CONTAINERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 REFERENCE MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 CALIBRATION AND TEST SOLUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 CALIBRATION GRAPHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 CALIBRATION AND TEST PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX A
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FLOW SHEET ON THE PROCEDURE FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF ANALYTICAL VALUES FOR TEST SAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Recommended practice for chemical analysis by atomic absorption spectrometric Part 3: Vapour generation atomic absorption spectrometry S E C T I O N 1 S CO P E A N D G E NE R A L
1.1 SCOPE This Standard sets out recommendations for instrumentation and operating techniques suitable for chemical analysis by vapour generation atomic absorption spectrometry (VGAAS) and includes a summary of testing procedures and requirements for safe operation. Elements covered in the recommended procedures include mercury and the hydride-forming elements, i.e. antimony, arsenic, bismuth, germanium, lead, selenium, tellurium and tin.
NOTES: 1 2 Flame atomic absorption spectrometry and graphite furnace atomization techniques are dealt with in AS 2134.1 and AS 2134.2 respectively. This Standard should be read in conjunction with the instrument manufacturers recommendations.
PRINCIPLE Vapour generation atomic absorption spectometry relies upon separation of the analyte from the matrix either as free atoms, e.g. mercury, or as the hydride formed by the addition of sodium borohydride to an acidic solution of the analyte; production of free atoms of the element; free atoms being able to absorb energy only at certain discrete wavelengths, usually resonance wavelengths; and the energy absorbed being a function of the concentration of the absorbing atoms.
NOTE: Ionic mercury may be readily converted to free atomic vapour by reduction. Mercury is transported to an optical cell or tube maintained at room temperature for atomic absorption measurement. The other elements listed in Clause 1.1 form hydrides which are volatile at room temperature. Volatile hydrides are transported to an atomizer where free atoms of the analyte are formed.
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 2134 2134.1 2134.2 2135 2243 2243.6 Recommended practice for chemical analysis spectrometry Part 1: Flame atomic absorption spectrometry Part 2: Graphite furnace spectrometry Safety in laboratories Part 6: Mechanical aspects by atomic absorption
Glossary of terms used in flame atomic absorption spectroscopy
AS 2134.3-1994, Recommended practice for chemical analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry Vapour generation atomic absorption spectrometry
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