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Timestamp: 2016-10-26 08:24:04
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Patent US6816507 - Air interface for telecommunications systems with cordless ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsIn order to improve the performance of physical channels in telecommunications systems using wire-free telecommunication between mobile and/or stationary transmitting/receiving appliances as a function of; the channel data transmission rate, the system environment, the system utilization and the distance...http://www.google.com/patents/US6816507?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6816507 - Air interface for telecommunications systems with cordless telecommunications between mobile and/or stationary transmitting receiving devicesAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6816507 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/720,697PCT numberPCT/DE1999/001909Publication dateNov 9, 2004Filing dateJun 30, 1999Priority dateJun 30, 1998Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2336275A1, CA2336275C, CN1308799A, CN1829135A, CN1829135B, DE59909478D1, DE59911509D1, EP1092296A2, EP1092296B1, EP1422860A1, EP1422860B1, USRE40777, WO2000002401A2, WO2000002401A3Publication number09720697, 720697, PCT/1999/1909, PCT/DE/1999/001909, PCT/DE/1999/01909, PCT/DE/99/001909, PCT/DE/99/01909, PCT/DE1999/001909, PCT/DE1999/01909, PCT/DE1999001909, PCT/DE199901909, PCT/DE99/001909, PCT/DE99/01909, PCT/DE99001909, PCT/DE9901909, US 6816507 B1, US 6816507B1, US-B1-6816507, US6816507 B1, US6816507B1InventorsLutz Jarbot, Albrecht Kunz, Holger Landenberger, Markus NasshanOriginal AssigneeSiemens AktiengesellschaftExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (42), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAir interface for telecommunications systems with cordless telecommunications between mobile and/or stationary transmitting receiving devices
US 6816507 B1Abstract
In order to improve the performance of physical channels in telecommunications systems using wire-free telecommunication between mobile and/or stationary transmitting/receiving appliances as a function of; the channel data transmission rate, the system environment, the system utilization and the distance between the transmitting/receiving appliances, such that no circuitry changes are required to the transmitters and/or receivers in the transmitting/receiving appliances, an air interface is proposed, in which the number of NPILOT bits, NTPC bits and NTFCI bits are each variable, and in which, in particular during an active or passive telecommunications link between the mobile and/or stationary transmitting/receiving appliances in the telecommunications system, the number of NPILOT bits, NTPC bits and NTFCI bits can each be varied and/or optimized adaptively by control means, such as by suitable “layer 2” or “layer 3” signaling (“layer 2/3” signaling) which takes place, for example, via the DPDCH channel.
3) the message transmission takes place over the long-distance transmission path without wires on the basis of various message transmission methods for multiple use of the message transmission path FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and/or CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)—for example in accordance with radio standards such as DECT [Digital Enhanced (previously: European) Cordless Telecommunication; see Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik 42 (1992) [Information Technology Electronics 42 (1992)] Jan./Feb. No. 1, Berlin, DE; U. Pilger “Struktur des DECT-Standards” [Structure of the DECT Standard], pages 23 to 29 in conjunction with the ETSI publication ETS 300175-1 . . . 9; Oct. 1992 and the DECT publication from the DECT Forum, February 1997, pages 1 to 16], GSM [Groupe Sp�ciale Mobile or Global System for Mobile Communication; see Informatik Spektrum 14 [Information Spectrum 14] (1991) June, No. 3, Berlin, DE; A. Mann: “Der GSM-Standard—Grundlage f�r digitale europ�ische Mobilfunknetze” [The GSM Standard—basis for digital European mobile radio networks], pages 137 to 152 in conjunction with the publication telekom praxis [Telecom Practice] 4/1993, P. Smolka “GSM-Funkschnittstelle—Elemente und Funktionen” [GSM air interface—elements and functions], pages 17 to 24], UMTS [Universal Mobile Telecommunication System; see (1): Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik [Information Technology Electronics], Berlin 45, 1995, Issue 1, pages 10 to 14 and Issue 2, pages 24 to 27; P. Jung, B. Steiner: “Konzept eines CDMA-Mobilfunksystems mit gemeinsamer Detektion f�r die dritte Mobilfunkgeneration” [Concept of a CDMA mobile radio system with joint detection for the third mobile radio generation]; (2): Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik [Information Technology Electronics], Berlin 41, 1991, Issue 6, pages 223 to 227 and page 234; P. W. Baier, P. Jung, A. Klein: “CDMA—ein g�nstiges Vielfachzugriffsverfahren f�r frequenzselektive und zeitvariante Mobilfunkkan�le” [CDMA—a useful multiple access method for frequency-selective and time-variant mobile radio channels]; (3): IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, Vol. E79-A, No. 12, December 1996, pages 1930 to 1937; P. W. Baier, P. Jung: “CDMA Myths and Realities Revisited”; (4): IEEE Personal Communications, February 1995, pages 38 to 47; A. Urie, M. Streeton, C. Mourot: “An Advanced TDMA Mobile Access System for UMTS”; (5): telekom praxis [Telecom Practice], 5/1995, pages 9 to 14; P. W. Baier: “Spread-Spectrum-Technik und CDMA—eine urspr�nglich milit�rische Technik erobert den zivilen Bereich” [Spread-spectrum technology and CDMA—an originally military technology conquers the civil area]; (6): IEEE Personal Communications, February 1995, pages 48 to 53; P. G. Andermo, L. M. Ewerbring: “A CDMA-Based Radio Access Design for UMTS”; (7): ITG Fachberichte 124 [ITG Specialist Reports] (1993), Berlin, Offenbach: VDE Verlag ISBN 3-8007-1965-7, pages 67 to 75; Dr. T. Zimmermann, Siemens A G: “Anwendung von CDMA in der Mobilkommunikation” [Use of CDMA in mobile communication]; (8): telcom report 16, (1993), Issue 1, pages 38 to 41; Dr. T. Ketseoglou, Siemens A G and Dr. T. Zimmermann, Siemens A G: “Effizienter Teilnehmerzugriff f�r die 3. Generation der Mobilkommunikation—Vielfachzugriffsverfahren CDMA macht Luftschnittstelle flexibler” [Efficient subscriber access for the 3rd generation of mobile communication—the CDMA multiple access method makes the air interface more flexible]; (9): Funkschau [Radio Show] 6/98: R. Sietmann “Ringen um die UMTS-Schnittstelle” [Ring around the UMTS interface], pages 76 to 81] WACS or PACS, IS-54, IS-95, PHS, PDC, etc. [see IEEE Communications Magazine, January 1995, pages 50 to 57; D. D. Falconer et al.: “Time Division Multiple Access Methods for Wireless Personal Communications”].
“Message” is a generic term, which covers both the information and the physical representation (signal). Despite a message having the same information, different signal forms may occur. Thus, for example, a message relating to a subject may be transmitted
According, for example, to the document Funkschau [Radio Show] 6/98: R. Sietmann “Ringen um die UMTS-Schnittstelle” [Ring around the UMTS interface], pages 76 to 81 there are two scenario elements in the UMTS scenario (3rd mobile radio generation or IMT-2000). In a first scenario element, the licensed coordinated mobile radio is based on a WCDMA technology (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and, as in the case of GSM, is operated using the FDD mode (Frequency Division Duplex), while, in a second scenario element, the unlicensed uncoordinated mobile radio is based on a TD-CDMA technology (Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access) and, as in the case of DECT, is operated using the TDD mode (Frequency Division Duplex).
For WCDMA/FDD operation of the universal mobile telecommunications system, the air interface of the telecommunications system in each case contains a number of physical channels in the uplink and downlink telecommunications directions in accordance with the document ETSI STC SMG2 UMTS-L1, Tdoc SMG2 UMTS-L1 163/98: “UTRA Physical Layer Description FDD Parts” Vers. 0.3, May 29, 1998 of which a first physical channel, the so-called Dedicated Physical Control CHannel DPCCH and a second physical channel, the so-called Dedicated Physical Data CHannel DPDCH, [lacuna] with respect to a “three-layer structure” composed of 720 ms long (TMZR=720 ms) super frames MZR, 10 ms long (TFZR=10 ms) time frames (radio frames) ZR and 0.625 ms long (TZS=0.625 ms) time slots ZS, which are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Each super frame MZR contains, for example, 72 time frames ZR, while each time frame ZR in turn has, for example, 16 time slots ZS1 . . . ZS16. As a burst structure for the first physical channel DPCCH, the individual time slot ZS, ZS1 . . . ZS16 (burst) has a pilot sequence PS with a number NPILOT of bits (NPILOT bits) for channel estimation, a TPC sequence TPCS with a number NTPC of bits (NTPC bits), in particular for rapid power control (Traffic Power Control), and a TFCI sequence TFCIS with a number NTFCI of bits (NTFCI bits) for traffic format channel indication, which indicate the bit rate, the type of service, the type of error protection coding, etc., and, for the second physical channel DPDCH, has a user data sequence NDS with a number NDATA of user data bits (NDATA bits). Table 1, below, contains the bit values specified in table 3.2.2-4 by the ARIB in the ARIB publication “Specifications of Air-Interface for a 3G Mobile System”, Volume 3, June 1998 for the DPDCH channel and the DPCCH channel with the bit subdivisions NPILOT, NTPC, NTFCI for channel bit rates of 64 and 128 kbit/s, respectively.
In the “downlink” (downward telecommunications direction; radio link from the base transceiver station to the mobile station) in the WCDMA/FDD system from ETSI and ARIB—FIG. 1—the first physical channel [“Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)] and the second physical channel [“Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)] are time-division multiplexed while, in the “uplink” (upward telecommunications direction; radio link from the mobile station to the base transceiver station)—FIG. 2—I/Q multiplexing is used, in which the second physical channel DPDCH is transmitted in the I channel, and the first physical channel DPCCH is transmitted in the Q channel.
For TDCDMA/TDD operation of the universal mobile telecommunications system, the air interface of the telecommunications system in the uplink and downlink telecommunications directions is once again based, in accordance with the document TSG RAN WG1 (S1.21): “3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)” Vers. 0.0.1, 1999-01, on the “three-layer structure” consisting of the super frames MZR, the time frames ZR and the time slots ZS, for all the physical channels, which is illustrated in FIG. 3. Each super frame MZR in turn contains, for example, 72 time frames, while each time frame ZR in turn has, for example, the 16 time slots ZS1 . . . ZS16. The individual time slot ZS, ZS1 . . . ZS16 (burst) has either, in accordance with the ARIB proposal, a first time slot structure (burst structure) ZSS1 in the sequence comprising a first user data sequence NDS1 with NDATA1 bits, the pilot sequence PS with NPILOT bits for channel estimation, the TPC sequence TPCS with NTPC bits for power control, the TFCI sequence TFCIS with NTFCI bits for traffic format channel indication, a second user data sequence NDS2 with NDATA2 bits and a guard period SZZ with NGUARD bits or, in accordance with the ETSI proposal, a second time slot structure (burst structure) ZSS2 in the sequence comprising the first user data sequence NDS1, a first TFCI sequence TFCIS1, a midamble sequence MIS for channel estimation, a second TFCI sequence TFCIS2, the second user data sequence NDS2 and the guard period SZZ.
FIG. 4 shows, for example, on the basis of a GSM radio scenario having, for example, two radio cells and base transceiver stations arranged in them, with a first base transceiver station BTS1 (transmitter/receiver) omnidirectionally illuminating a first radio cell FZ1, and a second base transceiver station BTS2 (transmitting/receiving appliance) omnidirectionally illuminating a second radio cell FZ2 and, based on FIGS. 1 and 2, a radio scenario with multiple channel utilization using frequency/time/code-division multiplexing, in which the base transceiver stations BTS1, BTS2 are connected or can be connected via an air interface designed for the radio scenario to a number of mobile stations MS1 through MS5 (transmitting/receiving units) located in the radio cells FZ1, FZ2 by wire-free unidirectional or bidirectional—uplink direction UL and/or downlink direction DL—telecommunication to corresponding transmission channels TRC. The base transceiver stations BTS1, BTS2 are connected in a known manner (see GSM telecommunications system) to a base transceiver station controller BSC, which carries out the frequency administration and switching functions in order to control the base transceiver stations. For its part, the base transceiver station controller BSC is connected via a mobile switching center MSC to the higher-level telecommunications network, for example to the PSTN (Public Switched Telecommunication Network) The mobile switching center MSC is the administration center for the described telecommunications system. It carries out all call administration and, using attached registers (not shown), carries out the authentication of telecommunications subscribers as well as location monitoring in the network.
The received bit sequence is decoded channel-by-channel in a channel codec KC. Depending on the channel, the bit information is assigned to the monitoring and signaling time slot or to a voice time slot and—in the case of the base transceiver station (FIG. 5)—the monitoring and signaling data and the voice data for transmission to the base transceiver station controller BSC are jointly transferred to an interface SS which is responsible for signaling and voice coding/decoding (voice codec), while—in the case of the mobile station (FIG. 6)—the monitoring and signaling data are transferred to a control and signaling unit STSE, which is preferably in the form of a microprocessor μP and is responsible for all the mobile station signaling and control, and the voice data are transferred to a voice codec SPC which is designed for voice inputting and outputting. The microprocessor μP contains a program module PGM which is designed on the basis of the ISO layer model [see: Unterrichtsbl�tter [Training sheets]—Deutsche Telekom, Year 48, 2/1995, pages 102 to 111] and in which the air interface protocol for the UMTS scenario is handled. Of the layers defined in the layer model, only the first four layers, which are essential for the mobile station, are shown; a first layer S1, a second layer S2, a third layer S3 and a fourth layer S4, with the first layer S1 containing, inter alia, the DPCCH channel and the DPDCH channel.
The base transceiver station BTS1, BTS2 is controlled entirely in a control unit STE, which is preferably in the form of a microprocessor μP. The microprocessor μP once again contains the program module PGM which is designed on the basis of the ISO layer model [see: Unterrichtsbl�tter—Deutsche Telekom, Year 48, 2/1995, pages 102 to 111] and in which the air interface protocol for the UMTS scenario is handled. Of the layers defined in the layer model, once again only the first four layers, which are essential for the base transceiver station, are shown; the first layer S1, the second layer S2, the third layer S3 and the fourth layer S4, with the first layer S1 containing, inter alia, the DPCCH channel and the DPDCH channel.
TDD telecommunications systems (Time Division Duplex) are telecommunications systems in which the transmission time frame, comprising a number of time slots, is split—preferably in the center—for the downlink transmission direction and the uplink transmission direction.
One TDD telecommunications system which has such a transmission time frame is, for example, the known DECT system [Digital Enhanced (previously: European) Cordless Telecommunication; see Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik [Information Technology Electronics] 42 (1992) Jan./Feb. No. 1, Berlin, DE; U. Pilger “Struktur des DECT-Standards” [Structure of the DECT Standard], pages 23 to 29 in conjunction with the ETSI publication ETS 300175-1 . . . 9, October 1992 and the DECT publication from the DECT Forum, February 1997, pages 1 to 16]. The DECT system has a DECT transmission time frame with a time duration of 10 ms, consisting of 12 downlink time slots and 12 uplink time slots. For any given bidirectional telecommunications link at a given frequency in the downlink transmission direction DL and in the uplink transmission direction UL, a free time slot pair with a downlink time slot and an uplink time slot is chosen, in accordance with the DECT Standard, in which the separation between the downlink time slot and the uplink time slot, likewise in accordance with the DECT Standard, is half the length (5 ms) of the DECT transmission time frame.
One FDD telecommunications system which transmits the time frame in this way is, for example, the known GSM system [Groupe Sp�ciale Mobile or Global System for Mobile Communication; see Informatik Spektrum [Information Spectrum] 14 (1991) June, No. 3, Berlin, DE; A. Mann: “Der GSM-Standard—Grundlage f�r digitale europ�ische Mobilfunknetze” [The GSM Standard—basis for digital European mobile radio networks], pages 137 to 152 in conjunction with the publication telekom praxis [Telecom Practice] 4/1993, P. Smolka “GSM-Funkschnittstelle—Elemente und Funktionen” [GSM radio interface—elements and functions], pages 17 to 24].
The air interface for the GSM system knows a large number of logical channels, which are referred to as bearer services, for example an AGCH channel (Access Grant CHannel), a BCCH channel (BroadCast CHannel), an FACCH channel (Fast Associated Control CHannel), a PCH channel (Paging CHannel), an RACH channel (Random Access CHannel) and a TCH channel (Traffic CHannel), whose respective function in the air interface is described, for example, in the document Informatik Spektrum [Information Spectrum] 14 (1991) June, No. 3, Berlin, DE; A. Mann: “Der GSM-Standard—Grundlage f�r digitale europ�ische Mobilfunknetze” [The GSM Standard—basis for digital European mobile radio networks], pages 137 to 152 in conjunction with the publication telekom praxis [Telecom Practice] 4/1993, P. Smolka “GSM-Funkschnittstelle—Elemente und Funktionen” [GSM radio interface—elements and functions], pages 17 to 24.
If, for example, the number of NPILOT bits is too low, then too little energy is available for channel estimation. This causes “poor” channel estimation and/or a worse (higher) bit error rate in the receiver, that is to say the performance in the downlink and uplink directions is worse. A similar situation applies to NTPC bits for rapid power control and the NTFCI bits for traffic format channel indication.
According to the document ETSI STC SMG2 UMTS-L1, Tdoc SMG2 UMTS-L1 168/98: “Flexible Power Allocation for Downlink DPCCH Fields”, June 15-17, 1998, Turin, Italy, the pilot bits, the bits for rapid power control and the format bits are transmitted by the base transceiver station at a higher power level than the data bits in the DPDCH. A disadvantage in this case is that the AGC and the A/D converter for the data bits in the DPDCH channel are no longer operated at an optimum level in the receiving appliance. A further disadvantage is that the radio section in the transmitting appliance must be designed for a step-function increase/decrease in the transmitted power level. Advantageously, the number of data bits in the DPDCH channel does not change.
In the following FIGS. 1 to 7:
FIG. 1 shows a “three-layer structure” of a WCDMA/FDD air interface in the “downlink”,
FIG. 2 shows a “three-layer structure” of a WCDMA/FDD air interface in the “uplink”,
FIG. 3 shows a “three-layer structure” of a TDCDMA/TDD air interface,
The object on which the invention is based is to improve the performance of physical channels in 35 telecommunications systems using wire-free telecommunication between mobile and/or stationary transmitting/receiving appliances, as a function of the channel data transmission rate, the system environment, the system load level and the distance between the transmitting/receiving appliances, such that no circuitry changes are required to the transmitter and/or receiver in the transmitting/receiving appliances.
This object is in each case achieved by an air interface having a physical first layer (S1) of the air interface (PGM) that contains a first physical channel (DPCCH) and a second physical channel (DPDCH) in at least one time slot (ZS) of a time frame structure (ZR, MZR) of the telecommunications system for each telecommunications link which is allocated to the first layer (S1). The first channel (DPCCH) contains a first data field for channel estimation (PS)—using channel estimation data (NPILOT)—, a second data field for power control (TPCS)—using power control data (NTPC)—and a third data field for traffic format channel indication (TFCIS)—using traffic format channel indication data (NTFCI). Furthermore, the second channel (DPDCH) contains a user data field (NDS) with user data (NDATA, NDATA1, NDATA2) A second layer (S2) which is responsible for data security and/or a third layer (S3) which is responsible for switching, of the air interface (PGM) each contain control means (STM) which are designed to access the physical channels (DPCCH, DPDCH) such that the distribution of the data (NPILOT, NTPC/ NTFCI) in the data fields (PS, TPCS, TFCIS) during the telecommunications link can be varied in the uplink and/or downlink telecommunications directions, by adaptation to characteristics of the telecommunications link. This is done while the amount of data in the user data field (NDS) and the total amount of data per time slot (ZS) remain constant.
The present invention proposes an air interface in which the number of NPILOT bits, NTPC bits and NTFCI bits is in each case variable and in which, particularly while there is an active or passive telecommunications link between mobile and/or stationary transmitting/receiving appliances in the telecommunications system, the number of NPILOT bits, NTPC bits and NTFCI bits can in each case be varied and optimized adaptively by control means, for example by suitable “layer 2” or “layer 3” signaling (“layer 2/3” signaling) which takes place, for example, via the DPDCH channel.
Other embodiments of the present invention are based on the general fundamental idea, of making use of the fact and the circumstance that, in accordance with International Application PCT/DE98/02894, estimated channel impulse responses are correlated with one another, with the extent of correlation itself being correlated with the relative movement (slow or fast) of the mobile transmitting/receiving appliance or of the mobile station—(during slow movement, there is a strong correlation between the estimated channel impulse responses, while during fast movement there is a weak correlation between the estimated channel impulse responses)—and can be detected by the stationary and/or the mobile transmitting/receiving appliance, in that, for example, channel impulse responses from previous time slots are estimated by the stationary and/or the mobile transmitting/receiving appliance.
The present invention offers the advantage that—when a mobile transmitting/receiving appliance (a mobile station) is moving very slowly at a speed of less than 3 km/h (for example a data terminal with remote e-mail access) and when the channel estimation can be considerably improved on the basis of the above general basic considerations—the number of NPilot bits can be reduced without noticeably adversely affecting the quality of channel estimation. In this case, the number of NTFCI bits for traffic format channel indication and/or the number of NTPC bits for rapid power control can be increased. Overall, this improves the performance of the telecommunications system both in the downlink direction and in the uplink direction.
This offers the advantage that—when, taking account of the above general basic considerations, a mobile transmitting/receiving appliance (a mobile station) is moving very fast at a speed of more than 150 km/h and when the rapid power control can no longer compensate for the Rayleigh fading (rapid fading, essentially caused by the movement of the mobile station) and, in consequence, only the log normal fading can still be controlled (slow fading, essentially caused by shadowing effects), in which case the log normal fading can be controlled using a considerably lower bit rate than that for rapid power control—the NTPC bits, for example, for rapid power control are now transmitted only in every tenth time slot. The NTPC bits for rapid power control are omitted in the other time slots. Additional NPILOT bits for channel estimation and/or NTFCI bits for traffic format channel indication are then transmitted for this purpose.
Furthermore, the present invention offers the additional advantage that when a mobile transmitting/receiving appliance (a mobile station) is initially moving very slowly, the number of NPILOT bits, of NTFCI bits and of NTPC bits used in this development is in each case used initially and that when—the mobile transmitting/receiving appliance (the mobile station) starts to move faster and faster, the number of NPilot bits, of NTFCI bits and of NTPC bits used in this development is in each case used once a predetermined speed, for example 100 km/h, has been exceeded.
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