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Timestamp: 2015-04-19 13:52:34
Document Index: 6675794

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

Patent US7972530 - Deicing and anti-icing compositions comprising renewably-based ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsDisclosed herein are deicing and anti-icing compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said deicing or anti-icing composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon...http://www.google.com/patents/US7972530?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7972530 - Deicing and anti-icing compositions comprising renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediolAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7972530 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/427,232Publication dateJul 5, 2011Filing dateApr 21, 2009Priority dateFeb 10, 2006Fee statusPaidAlso published asEP1991515A2, EP1991515A4, EP2007210A2, EP2007210A4, US7759393, US7960575, US7988883, US8048920, US8309116, US8436046, US8598231, US8802729, US20070200087, US20070200088, US20070202062, US20070202073, US20070202126, US20070202580, US20070203276, US20070203323, US20070207113, US20070207939, US20070207940, US20070213247, US20070241306, US20090218541, US20090325853, US20100034761, US20100233300, US20120071390, US20130071535, US20130210934, US20130303423, US20140326923, US20140328938, WO2007095262A2, WO2007095262A3, WO2008123845A2, WO2008123845A3, WO2008123845A8Publication number12427232, 427232, US 7972530 B2, US 7972530B2, US-B2-7972530, US7972530 B2, US7972530B2InventorsAnn Wehner, Gyorgyi Fenyvesi, Robert Miller, Joseph W. DeSalvo, Melissa JoergerOriginal AssigneeDupont Tate & Lyle Bio Products Company, LlcExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (37), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (3), Classifications (124), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDeicing and anti-icing compositions comprising renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol
US 7972530 B2Abstract
Disclosed herein are deicing and anti-icing compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said deicing or anti-icing composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.
1. A method of reducing the anthropogenic CO2 emission of a deicing or anti-icing composition upon biodegradation, the method comprising:
preparing a deicing or anti-icing composition comprising a glycol wherein said glycol is a biologically-derived, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol, and wherein said biologically-derived, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol exhibits no anthropogenic CO2 emission upon biodegradation, and
applying said deicing or anti-icing composition to a surface whereby said deicing or anti-icing composition biodegrades;
wherein the reduction of anthropologic CO2 emission is compared to the anthropologic CO2 emission of a deicing or anti-icing composition not comprising biologically-derived, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said deicing or anti-icing composition comprises a liquid.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said deicing or anti-icing composition comprises a solid.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said surface is selected from the group consisting of roadways, runways, aircraft, airport pavements, bridges, walking bridges, entrances, structures, pre-harvest fruit or vegetables, canals, locks, components, vessels, nautical components, railroad switches and motor vehicles.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said glycol comprises at least 5% biobased carbon.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said glycol comprises at least 50% biobased carbon.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said glycol comprises 100% biobased carbon.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said biologically-derived, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol has a peroxide concentration of less than about 100 ppm.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said biologically-derived, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of carbonyl groups of less than about 10 ppm.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said biologically-derived, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about 400 ppm.
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/772,471, filed Feb. 10, 2006; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,194, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,193, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,111, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,120, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,110, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,112, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/846,948, filed Sep. 25, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/853,920, filed Oct. 24, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/859,264, filed Nov. 15, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/872,705, filed Dec. 4, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/880,824, filed Jan. 17, 2007, and is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/705,275, filed Feb. 12, 2007 which is currently abandoned, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Disclosed herein are deicing and anti-icing compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said deicing and anti-icing composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.
Consumers of deicing and anti-icing compositions consider many factors in selecting products for use. Recently certain factors have been a focus of and have driven scientific study and product development. These driving factors include, product safety, environmental impact, the extent to which the components are natural, and the aesthetic quality of the overall product. Therefore, manufacturers have to be concerned with the environmental impact of their products. In fact, the effort towards environmental impact awareness is a universal concern, recognized by government agencies. The Kyoto Protocol amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) currently signed by 156 nations is one example of a global effort to favor safer environmental manufacturing over cost and efficiency. When applied to deicing and anti-icing, consumers are increasingly selective about the origins of the products they purchase. The 2004 Co-operative Bank's annual Ethical Consumerism Report (www.co-operativebank.co.uk) disclosed a 30.3% increase in consumer spending on ethical retail products (a general classification for environmental safe, organic and fair trade goods) between 2003 and 2004 while total consumer spending during the same period rose only 3.7%.
In addition to adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, current methods of industrial production of glycols produce contaminants and waste products that include among them sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid tartaric acid, acetic acids, Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transitional metals and heavy metals, including Iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, rubidium, and platinum (U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,434,110, 5,034,134, 5,334,778, and 5,10,036).
Also of concern to consumers, especially consumers of deicing and anti-icing products, is an individual's reaction to such a product. The rate of development of hypersensitivity has markedly increased in the US in the last two decades. Many of these reactions are attributed to trace amount of substances. Other reactions are of idiopathic origin. Consumers seek products that are composed of ingredients of a more purified source and/or of all natural composition.
The present invention is directed to a deicing or anti-icing composition comprising 1,3-propanediol and an aqueous solution, wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a bio-based carbon content of at least 1%.
The present invention is further directed to a deicing or anti-icing composition comprising 1,3-propanediol and a surfactant, wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a bio-based carbon content of at least 1%.
The present invention is also directed to a deicing or anti-icing composition comprising 1,3-propanediol wherein said 1,3-propanediol has an ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm of less than about 0.200 and at 250 nm of less than about 0.075 and at 275 nm of less than about 0.075.
The present invention is additionally directed to a deicing or anti-icing composition comprising 1,3-propanediol wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about 400 ppm.
The present invention is even further directed to a deicing or anti-icing composition comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said composition has an anthropogenic CO2 emission profile of zero upon biodegradation.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing CO2 emissions for CO2 fixation from the atmosphere during photosynthesis for renewably based 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO�) (−1.7 kg CO2/kg product) and CO2 release to the atmosphere during biodegradation (kg CO2/kg product) for ethylene glycol (EG) (+1.4 kg CO2/kg product), propylene glycol (PG) (+1.7 kg CO2/kg product), fossil-based 1,3-propanediol (Chem-PDO) (+1.7 kg CO2/kg product), and fermentatively-derived 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO�) (+1.7 kg CO2/kg product).
Applicants' invention relates to deicing and anti-icing compositions comprising renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol, in which said renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol has an anthropogenic CO2 emission profile of zero (0). An �anthropogenic emission profile� means anthropogenic CO2 emissions that are contributed to the atmosphere upon biodegradation of a compound or composition. p
1 kg of fossil fuel derived ethylene glycol*(1 kmol EG/62.068 kg)*(2 kmol CO2/1 kmol EG)*(44 kg CO2/kmol CO2)=1.4 kg CO2 1 kg of fossil fuel derived propylene glycol*(1 kmol PG/76.094 kg)*(3 kmol CO2/1 kmol PG)*(44 kg CO2/kmol CO2)=1.7 kg CO2 1 kg of fossil fuel derived 1,3-propanediol*(1 kmol chem-PDO/76,094 kg*(3 kmol CO2/1 kmol chem-PDO)*(44 kg CO2/kmol CO2)=1.7 kg CO2 Bio-Based Carbon Feedstock Balance
1.7 kg+1.7 kg=0 kg
�Carbon of fossil origin� as used herein refers to carbon of petrochemical origin. Such carbon has not been exposed to UV rays as atmospheric carbon has, therefore masses of carbon of fossil origin has few radioisotopes in their population. Carbon of fossil origin is identifiable by means described herein. �Fossil fuel carbon�, �fossil carbon�, �polluting carbon�, �petrochemical carbon� �petro-carbon� and carbon of fossil origin are used synonymously herein.
Assessment of the renewably based carbon in a material can be performed through standard test methods. Using radiocarbon and isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis, the biobased content of materials can be determined. ASTM International, formally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, has established a standard method for assessing the biobased content of materials The ASTM method is designated ASTM-D6866.
�Bomb carbon� in the atmosphere reached almost twice normal levels in 1963 at the peak of testing and prior to the treaty halting the testing. Its distribution within the atmosphere has been approximated since its appearance, showing values that are greater than 100 pMC for plants and animals living since AD 1950. It's gradually decreased over time with today's value being near 107.5 pMC, This means that a fresh biomass material such as corn could give a radiocarbon signature near 107.5 pMC.
A sample of �fermentatively-derived� 1,3-propanediol was submitted by DuPont to Iowa State University for biobased content analysis using ASTM method D 6866-05. The results received from Iowa State University demonstrated that the above sample was 100% bio-based content (ref: Norton, Glenn. Results of Radiocarbon Analyses on samples from DuPont Bio-Based Materials�reported Jul. 8, 2005).
Materials Reported Jul. 08, 2005
There may be certain instances wherein a deicing or anti-icing composition of the invention may comprise a combination of a biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol and one or more non biologically-derived glycol components, such as, for example, chemically synthesized 1,3-propanediol. In such occasions, it may be difficult, if not impossible to determine which percentage of the glycol composition is biologically-derived, other than by calculating the bio-based carbon content of the glycol component. In this regard, in the deicing and anti-icing compositions of the invention, the glycol component, and in particular, the 1,3-propanediol, can comprise at least about 1% bio-based carbon content up to 100% bio-based carbon content, and any percentage therebetween.
Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol useful in deicing and anti-icing compositions disclosed herein has at least one of the following characteristics: 1) an ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm of less than about 0.200 and at 250 nm of less than about 0.075 and at 275 nm of less than about 0.075; or 2) a composition having L*a*b* �b*� color value of less than about 0.15 and an absorbance at 270 nm of less than about 0.075; or 3) a peroxide composition of less than about 10 ppm; or 4) a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about 400 ppm. A �b*� value is the spectrophotometrically determined Yellow Blue measurement as defined by the CIE L*a*b* measurement ASTM D6290.
This 1,3-propanediol of the invention can be isolated from the fermentation broth and is incorporated into deicing and anti-icing compositions of the invention, by processes as are known to those of ordinary skill in the applicable art.
It is contemplated herein that other renewably-based or biologically-derived glycols, such as ethylene glycol or 1,2 propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol among others, can be used in the anti-icing and deicing compositions of the present invention.
The deicing/anti-icing compositions can be used in any application requiring deicing and/or anti-icing. In some embodiments, the compositions are used for the removal of, and/or time-limited protection against, deposits of frost, ice, and/or snow on exterior aircraft surfaces prior to take off, or on roadway/runway surfaces. The compositions can be applied through a commercial deicing/anti-icing vehicle system to the surfaces at pressures and flow rates normal for intended use.
In addition to application to aircraft, the compositions can also be used for other anti-icing/deicing applications, such as, surfaces of, for example, airport pavements, roadways, walkways, sidewalks, bridges, entrances, electrical tower structures and their components, electricity transmission lines, canals, locks, vessels, nautical components, railroad switches, and motor vehicles. In addition, the compositions can be used in applications such as birdbaths, outdoor fountains, decorative ponds, and other outdoor areas where water freezing would be aesthetically or functionally unacceptable. In these applications the fluids can prevent water from freezing during the winter in cold climates with reduced biological risk to wildlife or domestic animals.
In the methods of the present invention, the deicing and/or anti-icing compositions of the present invention are applied, such as by spraying or injecting for liquid forms.
In the anti-icing or deicing compositions of the invention, the Bio-PDO or other bio-derived glycol component can be the major component of the composition, present in amounts up to 100% by weight based on the weight of the total composition. The amount of Bio-PDO used in the products is generally the balance after adding one or more of surfactant, corrosion inhibitors, water, and any optional ingredients. Deicing/anti-icing fluids preferably contain from about 10% to about 95% Bio-PDO by weight, and more preferably from about 25% to about 92%. A typical formulation for aircraft deicing/anti-icing may include, but is not limited to, the following components: 25-95% by weight of Bio-PDO or mixture thereof; and up to 1% each of the following components: at least one surfactant or surfactant blend, at least one corrosion inhibitor, a pH control agent, a thickening agent, and a dye. Water can make up the balance of this formulation. Further details on alternative formulations and ingredients is provided below.
In certain embodiments, such as those containing glycerol in combination with Bio-PDO, the compositions of the invention preferably contain from about 10% to about 88% glycerol and as such, from as little as about 1% to about 30% Bio-PDO.
Functional and Other Ingredients
The deicing/anti-icing products of the invention can include one or more functional and other ingredients. Functional and other ingredients useful herein may be categorized or described herein by their benefit or their postulated mode of action in the deicing or anti-icing composition. However, it is to be understood that the functional and other ingredients useful herein can in some instances provide more than one benefit or operate via more than one mode of action. Therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake of convenience and are not intended to limit an ingredient to the particularly stated application or applications listed.
A preferred surfactant is a nonionic surfactant; anionic, cationic, and amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactants are less preferred. Some nonlimiting examples of suitable nonionic surfactants are: alkylphenol ethoxylates (C12 or lower, C8 or lower preferred); fatty or oxo-alcohol polyethyleneglycol ethers (C16 or lower, C6 or lower preferred); ethylene oxide-propylene oxide polymers (C80 or lower, C2 or lower preferred); fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (C18 or lower, C8 or lower preferred); polyethoxylates such as polyoxyethylene ethers; polypropyloxylates such as polyoxypropylene ethers; sugar-based surfactants such as alkyl glycosides (e.g., alkyl benzene and tert-butoxyethanol); ethers of C1 to C8 polyethylene oxide repeat units of 2 to 50 polyethylene oxide units (low carbon alkyl group and somewhat higher carbon ethoxylate group preferred); polyvinyl alcohols having MW 1000-10,000; and polyvinyl pyrrolidones.
The nonionic surfactants can be selected from polyoxyalkylene ethers. Some preferred polyoxyalkylene ethers are ethers of C12 to C18 alcohols with polyethylene oxide repeat units of 2 to 100 polyethylene oxide units. Such surfactants include, for example, the Brij� series of surfactants manufactured by ICI (e.g., Brij 30, 35, 52, 56, 58, 72, 76, 78, 92, 97, 98 and 700). Brij 35 is polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, 718 average MW, having the chemical formula: CH3(CH2)11(CH2CH2O)xH, where x on average is 23.
The fluids can contain any suitable amount of surfactant. Preferably, the fluids contain from about 0.01% to about 0.9% surfactant by weight, and more preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%.
The deicing/anti-icing compositions of the invention can optionally include one or more pH control agents to maintain the fluid at constant pH. The compositions can have any suitable pH. The pH of the compositions can range anywhere from about 3.5 to about 12, and preferably from about 6 to about 9. The desired pH can be obtained using inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, or amines such as triethanol amine, diethanol amine or monoethanol amine.
Some nonlimiting examples of suitable buffers include: phosphate salts (K+, NH4 +); pyrophosphates (Na+, K+, NH4 +); metaphosphates (Na+, K+, NH4 +); carbonic acid and its salts (Na+, K+, NH4 +); hydroxylammonium (Na+, K+, NH4 +); adidic acid and its salts (Na+, K+, NH4 +); maleic acid and its salts (Na+, K+, NH4 +); and ascorbic acid and its salts (Na+, K+, NH4 +).
Defoamers may also be employed. Any commercially available defoamer or antifoamer can be used, but particularly preferred defoamers are a silicone defoamer of Union Carbide Corporation sold under the trademark SAG, and FOAMBAN� defoamer available from Ultra Additives Inc., Patterson, N.J. The amount of defoamer to be used is preferably in the range of from about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the total composition.
Suitable corrosion inhibitors are known to the art, and typically comprise mixtures of various functional materials, e.g., buffers, chelating agents, and the like, esters of inorganic acids such as the phosphorus and boron, aromatic triazoles such as tolyl- and benzyltriazole, and the like, in one or more solvents. A preferred anticorrosion mixture is that product sold by Sandoz under the designation �Sandocorin 8132�. Those having skill in the art understand that selection of appropriate corrosion inhibitor may be made based upon the type of surfaces which the present compositions are likely to come in contact with, and how long and under what conditions they are likely to remain on that surface.
Suitable corrosion inhibitors include those belonging to the group comprising inorganic metal salts, alkali metal salts of fatty acids, monoalkyl amines and dialkyl amines optionally alkoxylated�and salts thereof, alkanol amines�optionally alkoxylated and salts thereof, esters of phosphorus acid or of phosphoric acid, and triazoles. The amount of corrosion inhibitor to be used is preferably in the range of from about 0.05% to about 0.8% by weight based on the weight of the total composition.
Thickening agents can be used in the compositions of the invention, and often comprise polymeric water-activated thickening agents. Thickening agents will typically comprise between 0.1 and 15.0 weight percent of the total composition. Examples include polysaccharide thickeners, natural gum thickeners, marine algae colloids, and cellulose ether thickeners. A preferred thickener is a polysaccharide known generically as Xanthan Gum.
The composition can optionally contain at least one non-polar oil, such as aliphatic and aromatic oils such as mineral oil, paraffin oil, silicone oil, and propylene oxide/ethylene oxide copolymers. The amount of such oils is frequently in the range of from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The preferred range is between 0.10/0 to 1.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
Thermal Stabilizing Agents
The deicing/anti-icing products can further include a material that improves the thermal stability of the material. Any suitable material having these properties can be used, for example certain of the phosphate salts. A particular example is a mixture of mono-basic sodium phosphate and di-basic sodium phosphate, such as the monohydrate mono-basic and heptahydrate di-basic sodium phosphates.
The products can contain any suitable amount of the buffer/freezing point depressant. The fluids preferably contain from about 0.02% to about 2% mono-basic sodium phosphate and from about 0.02% to about 2% di-basic sodium phosphate by weight, more preferably from about 0.3% to about 1.5% mono-basic sodium phosphate and from about 0.3% to about 1.5% di-basic sodium phosphate.
The deicing/anti-icing products can optionally include one or more anti-microbial agents. Some nonlimiting examples of suitable anti-microbial agents include: sodium azide; quaternary ammonium compounds (e.g., 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothizoline-3-one; n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium X− [where alkyl carbon number is C12-18]; n-alkyl trimethyl ammonium X− [where alkyl carbon number is C12-18]; dialkyl dimethyl ammonium X− [where alkyl carbon number is C12-18]; octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium�[where X− is Cl−, Br−, I3 −, HCO3 −, CO3 2−, phosphates, phosphonates, OH, carboxylates, polycarboxylates]); M+ benzoates (where M+ is Na+, K+, NH4 +; alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides; and alkyl dimethyl benzyl/ethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides.
The deicing/anti-icing products can also optionally include one or more flame and/or corrosion inhibitors. Some common additives used for both fire and corrosion inhibition include sodium tolyltriazole and 1H-benzotriazole, methyl.
The vinylpyrrolidone polymer preferably has a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 700,000, and preferably not greater than about 360,000. It is believed that higher molecular weight vinylpyrrolidone polymers may produce deicing/anti-icing fluids having less desirable properties, particularly for aircraft and runway deicing.
The deicing/anti-icing products can contain any suitable amount of the vinylpyrrolidone polymer. Typically, the products contain about 5% or less vinylpyrrolidone polymer, and usually between about 0.1% and about 3%.
Advantageously, the vinylpyrrolidone polymer often functions as both a thickener and a surfactant in the fluid. Consequently, products having desirable properties can be produced using a minimal number of ingredients. However, optionally the products can also contain other ingredients such as an antioxidant and/or a second surfactant.
The deicing/anti-icing products can also include an aqueous solvent (i.e. water) in any suitable amount, usually in an amount of from about 30% to about 70% by weight. It should be noted that the percentages of ingredients given herein are based on a ready-to-use products. The products of the invention can also be provided in a concentrate formulation, in which case the percentage of aqueous solvent will decrease (e.g., the concentrate may contain from about 5% to about 20% water) and the percentages of other materials will increase accordingly.
The deicing/anti-icing products can also include an colorants or dyes in any suitable amount, usually in an amount up to 0.25% by volume of the formulation.
The composition may also contain various other functional ingredients such as UV inhibitors, odor-modification agents, stabilizers and the like. Each of these components will typically comprise less than 1.0 weight percent of the total composition.
In specific applications, certain embodiments of the present invention are especially preferred due to certain regulatory or industry guidelines. For example, in the deicing and/or anti-icing of aircraft, it is preferred to use deicing and/or anti-icing fluids of Bio-PDO, water; a mixture of Bio-PDO and other bio-derived glycols and water, or a mixture of Bio-PDO, petrochemically derived glycols, and water. agents of methyl glucoside; a mixture of sorbitol and Bio-PDO; or a mixture of methyl glucoside, sorbitol and Bio-PDO with sodium lactate and/or potassium lactate.
For the deicing and/or anti-icing of runways, it may be preferable to use deicing and/or anti-icing agents of sodium lactate; potassium lactate; a mixture of sodium lactate and potassium lactate; a hydroxyl-containing organic compound in combination with sodium lactate, potassium lactate and/or potassium acetate as well as Bio-PDO; a mixture of sodium lactate and/or potassium lactate with potassium acetate; or potassium carbonate and Bio-PDO.
For de-icing and/or anti-icing of pre-harvest fruits and vegetables, such as fruit trees or grape vines, it may be preferable to use de-icing and/or anti-icing agents of a hydroxyl-containing organic compound in combination with Bio-PDO and an organic acid salt, particularly a lactate salt.
The deicing and anti-icing compositions of the invention can contain any natural ingredients where appropriate. Natural ingredients include any natural or nature-derived ingredients similar in composition or in function to any of the ingredients listed above.
EO/PO alkoxylate
KOH (50% solution)
Sandocorin 8132C
Silicon anti-foamer
Sodium arylalkyl sulfonate
Aircraft runway deicing composition
Alkali metal carboxylate
Alkali earth metal carboxylate
Deicer/anti-icer for aircraft
Deicers for polyurethane foam-lined LPG tanks
Liquid Carboxylate Deicer Composition
The liquid deicer compounds suitable for roadways, runways, and bridges include: (a) aqueous carboxylate salt of alkali metal, especially as formate, propionate, and/or lactate; (b) corrosion inhibitors for protection of galvanized steel; (c) auxiliary corrosion inhibitors for nonferrous metals, esp. Al alloys; and (d) optional Bio-PDO, The corrosion inhibitor is preferably a polyvalent metal compd., esp. La acetate hydrate or a mixed lanthanide salt sol. in water, or optionally a Mg-ion compd. and/or a sulfide salt. The deicer optionally includes 50-10,000 ppm of tolyltriazole as auxiliary inhibitor for nonferrous metal surfaces. The typical aqueous deicer contains potassium acetate 50%, tolyltriazole 0.15-0.75%, lanthanide nitrate hexahydrate 1.0-3.0%, and trimercaptotriazine tri-Na salt 10.10-0.75%, water q.s. to 100%.
Water-Activated, Exothermic Chemical Deicing Formulation
Deicing compositions are provided for removing ice from a surface which include either succinic acid or succinic anhydride, or both, and a neutralizing base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide wherein the deicing compositions when mixed with water produce succinate salts in a reaction that rapidly releases sufficient heat to melt the ice on the surface and the succinate salts act as a deicer and freeze point depressant. The deicing compositions may further include Bio-PDO which inhibits reformation of the ice on the deiced surface. The deicing compositions are suitable and effective for airport applications in which corrosion of aircraft alloys and concrete runways are of concern.
Anti-Icing Fluid or Deicing Fluid
The title non-electrolytic, non-toxic, biodegradable anti-icing or deicing composition comprises: (a) water; (b) a non-toxic freeze point depressant selected from the group consisting of C2-6 monohydric alcohols, Bio-PDO, mono-Me or Et ethers of C3-12 polyhydric alcohols or mixtures thereof, (c) a nontoxic thickener. The composition is a continuous single phase liquid that exhibits pseudoplasticity, and is useful on the surfaces of, for example, aircraft, airport pavements, roadways, walkways, bridges, entrances, structures, canals, locks, components, vessels, nautical components, railroad switches, and motor vehicles. A typical composition contained water, Bio-PDO� and/or propanol and xanthan.
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