Source: http://www.atra.org/issues/noneconomic-damages-reform
Timestamp: 2015-01-31 11:32:35
Document Index: 606491492

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 9', '§ 333', '§ 13', '§ 766', '§ 663', '§ 613', '§ 6', '§ 6', '§ 60', '§11', '§11', '§ 17', '§ 85', '§ 11', '§ 32', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 29', '§ 29', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 11', '§ 6', '§ 17', '§ 613', '§ 9', '§ 25', '§ 32', '§ 893', '§11', '§ 600', '§ 60', '§ 6', '§ 663', '§11', '§ 333', '§ 78', '§ 9', '§ 893', '§ 60', '§ 13', '§ 6', '§11', '§ 29', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 11', '§ 6', '§ 17', '§ 613', '§ 25', '§ 32', '§11', '§ 600', '§ 663', '§ 34', 'art. 4590', '§ 11']

Noneconomic Damages Reform | ATRA
PROBLEM: The broad and basically unguided discretion given juries in awarding damages for noneconomic loss is the single greatest contributor to the inequities and inefficiencies of the tort liability system. It is a difficult issue to address objectively because of the emotions involved in cases of serious injury and because of the financial interests of plaintiffs’ lawyers. ATRA’S POSITION: ATRA supports a $250,000 limit on the award of noneconomic damages.
OPPOSITION: The personal injury bar’s argument against limiting noneconomic damages – that a jury’s award of noneconomic damages should not be reduced to an amount determined by legislators because a jury can determine on a case-by-case basis to what extent to compensate a plaintiff for harm suffered – fails to address the difference between noneconomic damages and economic damages, and fails to take into account the intangibility of noneconomic damages awards. A limit on noneconomic damages limits the amount a plaintiff can recover for pain and suffering, emotional distress, loss of consortium or companionship, and other intangible injuries for which it is difficult to assign a dollar amount. Such a limit does not affect the amount a plaintiff can recover for economic damages, which include past and future medical bills, expected lost wages, and other tangible damages. State Reforms
AlaskaNoneconomic Damages Reform: SB 337 (1986). Establishes a $500,000 cap on noneconomic damages for cases not involving physical impairment or disfigurement. Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 58 (1997): Alaska Stat. § 9.17.010. Limits noneconomic damages awarded for most single injuries or deaths to the greater of $400,000 or the injured person’s life expectancy in years multiplied by $8,000. Limits noneconomic damages for personal injuries involving permanent physical impairment or severe disfigurement to the greater of $1,000,000 or the person’s life expectancy in years multiplied by $25,000. The reform did not violate the right to a jury trial, the right to equal protection, or the right to substantive due process in the State or Federal Constitutions, the separation of powers doctrine, or the right of access to the courts or ban on “special legislation” in the State Constitution). Evans v. State, 2002 WL 1998141 (Alaska Aug. 30, 2002).
Medical Liability Reform/Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 67 (2005). Lowers the limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $250,000. In the most severe cases involving disfigurement, severe permanent physical impairment, and wrongful death, the limit on noneconomic damages is $400,000. The previous limit on noneconomic damages ranged from $400,000 to $1 million, depending on the severity of the injuries.
Noneconomic Damages Reform: (1987). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $400,000. The statute setting a $400,000 limit on noneconomic damages awards in health care liability actions violated the right to a jury trial and equal protection provisions of the State Constitution. Moore v. Mobile Infirmary Association, 592 So. 2d 156 (Ala. 1991). CaliforniaMedical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: The Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act (MICRA): (1975): Cal. Civ. Code § 333.2. Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $250,000. The $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability actions does not violate the equal protection or due process provisions of the State or Federal Constitutions. Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 695 P.2d 665 (Cal.), appeal dismissed, 474 U.S. 892 (1985).
ColoradoNoneconomic Damages Reform: SB 67 (1986). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $250,000, unless the court finds justification by “clear and convincing” evidence for a larger award not to exceed $500,000. The $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability actions is constitutional. Scholz v. Metropolitan Pathologists, P.C., No. 92‑8A277, Co. Sup. Ct., April 26, 1993.
Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 143 (1988): Colo. Rev. Stat. § 13-64-302. Limits the total award of damages to $1,000,000, of which no more than $250,000 can be for noneconomic damages. The $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability actions is constitutional. Scholz v. Metropolitan Pathologists, P.C., No. 92‑8A277, Co. Sup. Ct., April 26, 1993.
Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 115 (2004). Limits noneconomic damages in breach of contract claims by specifying that noneconomic damages may only be recovered for breach of contract when recovery of such damages is specifically authorized in the contract that is the subject of the claim. The only other circumstance under which noneconomic damages may be recovered is for any first-party claim brought against an insurer for breach of an insurance contract and that the defendant willfully and wantonly breached the contract. Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 115 (2004). Limits noneconomic damages in breach of contract claims by specifying that noneconomic damages may only be recovered for breach of contract when recovery of such damages is specifically authorized in the contract that is the subject of the claim. The only other circumstance under which noneconomic damages may be recovered is for any first-party claim brought against an insurer for breach of an insurance contract and that the defendant willfully and wantonly breached the contract. FloridaNoneconomic Damages Reform: SB 465 (1986). Limits noneconomic damages to $450,000. The limit on noneconomic damages is unconstitutional. Smith v. Department of Insurance, 507 So.2d 1080 (Fla. 1987). Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: CS/SB6 (1988): Fla. Stat. §§ 766.207, 766.209. Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $250,000 in arbitration. Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000, if the plaintiff refuses to arbitrate. Sets no limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability cases, where neither party demands binding arbitration, or where the defendant refuses to arbitrate.
Automobile Liability Reform: HB 775 (1999). Limits the liability of an owner or lessor of an automobile to $100,000 per person or $300,000 per incident for bodily injury, and $50,000 for property damage. Limits the liability of an uninsured or under-insured person to $500,000 for economic damages only. The reform does not apply in cases involving commercial vehicles used in the ordinary course of business and the transportation of hazardous materials.
Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: CS SB 2-D (special session 2003). Provides for emergency room practitioner limits on noneconomic damages of $150,000 per claimant, with an aggregate of $300,000. Provides for emergency room facility limits on noneconomic damages of $750,000 per claimant, with an aggregate of $1.5 million and full setoffs for practitioner payments. Provides for non-practitioner limits on noneconomic damages of $750,000 per claimant, with an aggregate for all claimants. Provides for practitioner limits on noneconomic damages of $500,000 per claimant, with an aggregate limit for all claimants of $1 million, but no single practitioner shall be liable for more than $500,000 regardless of the number of claimants.
GeorgiaMedical Liability Reform/Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 3 (2005). Limits noneconomic damages to $350,000 per healthcare provider, with an overall aggregate limit of $1.05 million.
HawaiiNoneconomic Damages Reform: SB S1 (special session) (1986): Sunset provision (SB 1529) enacted in 1991: Haw. Rev. Stat. §§ 663-8.7, 663-10.9(2). Limits noneconomic damages for physical pain and suffering to $375,000. IowaNoneconomic Damages Reform: HF 2525 (2000); Iowa Code § 613.20. Prohibits a motorist, passenger or pedestrian from collecting noneconomic damages for injuries sustained in an automobile crash caused during the commission of a felony.
IdahoNoneconomic Damages Reform: SB 1223 (1987): Idaho Code Ann. § 6-1603. Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $400,000. Provides a sunset in June 1992. The $400,000 cap on noneconomic damages in personal injury and wrongful death actions did not violate the right to jury trial, constitute special legislation, or violate the separation of powers doctrine under the State Constitution. Kirkland v. Blaine County Medical Center, 4 P.3d 1115 (Idaho 2000).
Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 574 (1990). Removes the 1992 sunset to the $400,000 limit on non-economic damages enacted in 1987.
Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 92 (2003). Idaho Code Ann. § 6-1603 Limits the award of noneconomic damages in personal injury cases to $250,000.
IllinoisNoneconomic Damages Reform: HB 20 (1995). Limits noneconomic damages to $500,000. The reform violates the State Constitutional prohibition against special legislation and separation of powers provision of the State Constitution. Best v. Taylor Machine Works, Inc., 689 N.E.2d 1057 (Ill. 1997).
Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 475 (2005). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $500,000 per physician and $1 million per hospital.
KansasNoneconomic Damages Reform: HB 2692 (1987). Limits the award of damages for pain and suffering to $250,000. Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 2692 (1988): Kan. Stat. Ann. §§ 60-1902, 60-1903. Limits noneconomic damages to $250,000. The Kansas Health Care Provider Insurance Availability Act provision setting a $250,000 limit on noneconomic losses in health care liability actions did not violate the right to a jury trial or due process provisions of the State Constitution. Samsel v. Wheeler Transport Services, Inc., 789 P.2d 541 (Kan. 1990).
MarylandNoneconomic Damages Reform: SB 558 (1986): Md. Cts. & Jud. Pro. §11-108. Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $500,000. The Court of Special Appeals of Maryland upheld the constitutionality of the noneconomic damages limit in Potomac Electric Co. v. Smith, 79 Md. App. 591, 558 A.2d 768 1989. The $350,000 limit on noneconomic damages in personal injury actions did not violate the equal protection or right to jury trial provisions of the State Constitution. Murphy v. Edmonds, 601 A.2d 102 (Md. 1992).
Noneconomic Damages Reform: Public Entity Lawsuits: SB 237 (1987). Limits the award of noneconomic damages in public entity lawsuits to $200,000 per person and $500,000 per incident. Noneconomic Damages Reform: Wrongful Death: SB 283 (1994): Md. Cts. & Jud. Pro. §11-108. Limits noneconomic damages in wrongful death actions to $500,000. In cases where there are two or more beneficiaries, the limit is $700,000. The reform somewhat counters the effect of the Streidel decision, which held that Maryland's $350,000 limit on noneconomic damages did not apply in wrongful death actions.
Noneconomic Damages Reform: Uninsured Drivers: HB 714 (2001); Amended Md. TRANSPORTATION Code Ann. § 17-107. Provides that an individual driving a motor vehicle that is not covered by insurance is considered to have waived the right to recover noneconomic damages under specified circumstances.
MinnesotaNoneconomic Damages Reform: SB 2078 (1986). Limits the award of damages for loss of consortium, emotional distress, or embarrassment to $400,000. The $400,000 limit on damages for embarrassment, emotional distress, and loss of consortium did not violate “certain remedy” clause of the State Constitution. Schweich v. Ziegler, Inc., 463 N.W.2d 722 (Minn. 1990).
MissouriMedical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: H.B. 393 (2005). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to a nonadjustable limit of $350,000 regardless of the number of defendants in the case.
MississippiMedical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: H.B.2 (special session) (2002); Amended Miss. Code Ann. § 85-5-7. Limits noneconomic damages to $500,000 until July 1, 2011, $750,000 from July 1, 2011 until July 1, 2017, and $1 million after July 1, 2017, not adjusted for inflation, unless a judge were to determine that a jury could impose punitive damages. Prohibits the disclosure to a jury of the noneconomic damages limit.
Noneconomic Damages Reform: H.B. 13 (special session); Amended Miss. Code Ann. § 11-1-60. Limits the recovery of noneconomic damages in all civil cases, with the exception of medical liability actions, to $1 million.
North DakotaNoneconomic Damages Reform: HB 1050 (1995): N.D. Cent. Code. § 32-42-02. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $500,000.
New HampshireMedical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: A New Hampshire law setting a $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability cases was held unconstitutional in Carson v. Maurer, 424 A.2d 825 (N.H. 1980). A $875,000 cap on noneconomic damages was held unconstitutional in Brannigan v. Usitalso, 587 A.2d 1232 (N.H. 1980)). Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 513 (1986). Limits noneconomic damages to $875,000. The statute limiting recovery for noneconomic loss to $875,000 in personal injury actions violated the equal protection provision of the State Constitution. Brannigan v. Usitalo, 587 A.2d 1232 (N.H. 1991). NevadaMedical Liability Reform: Emergency Room Liability: AB 1 (2002). Limits damages in medical liability cases against emergency room physicians to $50,000.
Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: AB 1 (2002). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000, except upon a showing of “gross malpractice” or a judicial determination that there is “clear and convincing evidence” that the noneconomic award should exceed the cap. OhioNoneconomic Damages Reform: HB 350 (1996). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to the greater of $250,000 or three times economic damages to a maximum of $500,000, unless there is a finding that a plaintiff suffered: (1) a permanent and severe physical deformity; or (2) a permanent physical functional injury that permanently prevents her from being able to independently care for herself and perform life sustaining activities. Provides that if a plaintiff establishes the criteria set forth above, noneconomic damages are limited to the greater of $1 million or $35,000 times the number of years remaining in the plaintiff’s expected life. The comprehensive 1996 tort reform law violated the doctrine of separation of powers and the one-subject provision of the State Constitution. State ex rel. Ohio Academy of Trial Lawyers v. Sheward, 715 N.E.2d 1062 (Ohio 1999).
Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: SB 281 (2003); ORC Ann. 2323.43. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000, with a provision to allow the cap to rise to $1 million, depending on the severity of the injuries and the number of plaintiffs involved in the suit.
Noneconomic Damages Reform: AM Sub SB 80 (2004); ORC Ann. 2315.18. Limits noneconomic damages in cases involving noncatastrophic injuries to the greater of $250,000 or three times economic damages up to $350,000, per plaintiff, with a maximum limit of $500,000 per occurrence. Limits applied to all cases but medical liability cases. Specifies that juries may not consider the following when determining noneconomic damages: (1) evidence of a defendant’s alleged wrongdoing, misconduct or noneconomic guilt; (2) evidence of the defendant’s wealth or financial resources; (3) all other evidence that is offered for the purpose of punishing the defendant. Finally, S.B. 80 specifies procedures and guidelines, based on ALEC’s Full and Fair Noneconomic Damages Act, for trial courts to review (upon a motion) noneconomic damages awards.
Noneconomic Damages Reform: H.B. 2661 (2004). Limits noneconomic damages to $300,000 in medical liability cases provided the defendant made an offer of judgment and the amount of the verdict is less than one-and-a-half times the amount of the final offer of judgment. Indexed the limit to inflation. Non-economic damages do not include, by definition, exemplary damages. Limit on noneconomic damages may be lifted if nine or more members of the jury find by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant committed negligence or if nine or more members of the jury find by a preponderance of the evidence that the conduct of the defendant was willful or wanton. Provides, however, that the judge must, before submitting such determination to the jury, make a threshold determination that there is evidence from which the jury could reasonably make the findings set forth in the case. Provides that if the jury returns a verdict that is greater than $300,000 but less than one-and-a-half times the amount of the final offer of judgment, the court shall submit additional forms of possible verdicts to the jury covering possible determinations of negligence and/or willful and wanton conduct. Provided that limits do not apply to wrongful death action. Provisions of this section sunsets on November 1, 2010.
Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 1603 (2009); 23 Okl. St. § 61.2. Provides that in any civil action arising from a claimed bodily injury, the amount of compensation which a trier of fact may award a plaintiff for noneconomic loss shall not exceed $400,000, except under certain circumstances.
Noneconomic Damages Reform- H.B. 2128 (2011), 23 Okl. St. § 61.2: Reduces the limit on the amount of noneconomic damages that may be awarded for noneconomic loss arising from a claim of bodily injury from $400,000 to $350,000. Does not impact damages such as lost wages, medical expenses and future loss of expected wages, and lays out exceptions to the limit in case of gross negligence, reckless disregard, intentional actions, or malicious conduct. Eliminates the establishment of the Health Care Indemnity Fund.
OregonNoneconomic Damages Reform: SB 323 (1987). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $500,000. The $500,000 limit on noneconomic damages in personal injury and wrongful death actions arising out of common law violated the right to jury trial provision of the State Constitution. Lakin v. Senco Products, Inc., 987 P.2d 463 (Or. 1999).
South CarolinaMedical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: S. 83 (2005). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000 per provider, with an overall aggregate limit of $1.05 million. TennesseeNoneconomic Damages Reform: HB 2008 / SB 1522 (2011);Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-39-102. Limits noneconomic damages to $750,000 per occurrence in medical liability actions, and a limit of $1 million if the injury or loss is catastrophic in nature. The limits on noneconomic damages do not apply if the defendant acted with intent to harm, falsified records or acted under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
TexasMedical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 4 (2003). Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical malpractice cases to $250,000 against all doctors and health care practitioners and a $250,000 per-facility cap against health care facilities such as hospitals and nursing homes, with an overall cap of $500,000 against health care facilities, creating in effect an overall limit of noneconomic damages in medical malpractice cases of $750,000.
WashingtonNoneconomic Damages Reform: SB 4630 (1986). Limits the award of noneconomic damages for bodily injury to .43% times the average annual wage times the plaintiff’s life expectancy (no less than 15 years). The variable limit on noneconomic damages awards violated the right to trial by jury under the State Constitution. Sofie v. Fibreboard Corp., 771 P.2d 711 (Wash. 1989).
2011 Tennessee Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 2008 / SB 1522 (2011);Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-39-102. Limits noneconomic damages to $750,000 per occurrence in medical liability actions, and a limit of $1 million if the injury or loss is catastrophic in nature. The limits on noneconomic damages do not apply if the defendant acted with intent to harm, falsified records or acted under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
2011 Oklahoma Noneconomic Damages Reform- H.B. 2128 (2011), 23 Okl. St. § 61.2: Reduces the limit on the amount of noneconomic damages that may be awarded for noneconomic loss arising from a claim of bodily injury from $400,000 to $350,000. Does not impact damages such as lost wages, medical expenses and future loss of expected wages, and lays out exceptions to the limit in case of gross negligence, reckless disregard, intentional actions, or malicious conduct. Eliminates the establishment of the Health Care Indemnity Fund.
2009 Oklahoma Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 1603 (2009); 23 Okl. St. § 61.2. Provides that in any civil action arising from a claimed bodily injury, the amount of compensation which a trier of fact may award a plaintiff for noneconomic loss shall not exceed $400,000, except under certain circumstances.
2005 South Carolina Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: S. 83 (2005). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000 per provider, with an overall aggregate limit of $1.05 million. 2005 Missouri Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: H.B. 393 (2005). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to a nonadjustable limit of $350,000 regardless of the number of defendants in the case.
2005 Alaska Medical Liability Reform/Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 67 (2005). Lowers the limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $250,000. In the most severe cases involving disfigurement, severe permanent physical impairment, and wrongful death, the limit on noneconomic damages is $400,000. The previous limit on noneconomic damages ranged from $400,000 to $1 million, depending on the severity of the injuries.
2004 Oklahoma Noneconomic Damages Reform: H.B. 2661 (2004). Limits noneconomic damages to $300,000 in medical liability cases provided the defendant made an offer of judgment and the amount of the verdict is less than one-and-a-half times the amount of the final offer of judgment. Indexed the limit to inflation. Non-economic damages do not include, by definition, exemplary damages. Limit on noneconomic damages may be lifted if nine or more members of the jury find by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant committed negligence or if nine or more members of the jury find by a preponderance of the evidence that the conduct of the defendant was willful or wanton. Provides, however, that the judge must, before submitting such determination to the jury, make a threshold determination that there is evidence from which the jury could reasonably make the findings set forth in the case. Provides that if the jury returns a verdict that is greater than $300,000 but less than one-and-a-half times the amount of the final offer of judgment, the court shall submit additional forms of possible verdicts to the jury covering possible determinations of negligence and/or willful and wanton conduct. Provided that limits do not apply to wrongful death action. Provisions of this section sunsets on November 1, 2010.
2004 Colorado Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 115 (2004). Limits noneconomic damages in breach of contract claims by specifying that noneconomic damages may only be recovered for breach of contract when recovery of such damages is specifically authorized in the contract that is the subject of the claim. The only other circumstance under which noneconomic damages may be recovered is for any first-party claim brought against an insurer for breach of an insurance contract and that the defendant willfully and wantonly breached the contract. 2004 Colorado Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 115 (2004). Limits noneconomic damages in breach of contract claims by specifying that noneconomic damages may only be recovered for breach of contract when recovery of such damages is specifically authorized in the contract that is the subject of the claim. The only other circumstance under which noneconomic damages may be recovered is for any first-party claim brought against an insurer for breach of an insurance contract and that the defendant willfully and wantonly breached the contract. 2004 Ohio Noneconomic Damages Reform: AM Sub SB 80 (2004); ORC Ann. 2315.18. Limits noneconomic damages in cases involving noncatastrophic injuries to the greater of $250,000 or three times economic damages up to $350,000, per plaintiff, with a maximum limit of $500,000 per occurrence. Limits applied to all cases but medical liability cases. Specifies that juries may not consider the following when determining noneconomic damages: (1) evidence of a defendant’s alleged wrongdoing, misconduct or noneconomic guilt; (2) evidence of the defendant’s wealth or financial resources; (3) all other evidence that is offered for the purpose of punishing the defendant. Finally, S.B. 80 specifies procedures and guidelines, based on ALEC’s Full and Fair Noneconomic Damages Act, for trial courts to review (upon a motion) noneconomic damages awards.
2004 Mississippi Noneconomic Damages Reform: H.B. 13 (special session); Amended Miss. Code Ann. § 11-1-60. Limits the recovery of noneconomic damages in all civil cases, with the exception of medical liability actions, to $1 million.
2003 Idaho Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 92 (2003). Idaho Code Ann. § 6-1603 Limits the award of noneconomic damages in personal injury cases to $250,000.
2002 Nevada Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: AB 1 (2002). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000, except upon a showing of “gross malpractice” or a judicial determination that there is “clear and convincing evidence” that the noneconomic award should exceed the cap. 2001 Maryland Noneconomic Damages Reform: Uninsured Drivers: HB 714 (2001); Amended Md. TRANSPORTATION Code Ann. § 17-107. Provides that an individual driving a motor vehicle that is not covered by insurance is considered to have waived the right to recover noneconomic damages under specified circumstances.
2000 Iowa Noneconomic Damages Reform: HF 2525 (2000); Iowa Code § 613.20. Prohibits a motorist, passenger or pedestrian from collecting noneconomic damages for injuries sustained in an automobile crash caused during the commission of a felony.
1999 Florida Automobile Liability Reform: HB 775 (1999). Limits the liability of an owner or lessor of an automobile to $100,000 per person or $300,000 per incident for bodily injury, and $50,000 for property damage. Limits the liability of an uninsured or under-insured person to $500,000 for economic damages only. The reform does not apply in cases involving commercial vehicles used in the ordinary course of business and the transportation of hazardous materials.
1997 Alaska Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 58 (1997): Alaska Stat. § 9.17.010. Limits noneconomic damages awarded for most single injuries or deaths to the greater of $400,000 or the injured person’s life expectancy in years multiplied by $8,000. Limits noneconomic damages for personal injuries involving permanent physical impairment or severe disfigurement to the greater of $1,000,000 or the person’s life expectancy in years multiplied by $25,000. The reform did not violate the right to a jury trial, the right to equal protection, or the right to substantive due process in the State or Federal Constitutions, the separation of powers doctrine, or the right of access to the courts or ban on “special legislation” in the State Constitution). Evans v. State, 2002 WL 1998141 (Alaska Aug. 30, 2002).
1996 Ohio Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 350 (1996). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to the greater of $250,000 or three times economic damages to a maximum of $500,000, unless there is a finding that a plaintiff suffered: (1) a permanent and severe physical deformity; or (2) a permanent physical functional injury that permanently prevents her from being able to independently care for herself and perform life sustaining activities. Provides that if a plaintiff establishes the criteria set forth above, noneconomic damages are limited to the greater of $1 million or $35,000 times the number of years remaining in the plaintiff’s expected life. The comprehensive 1996 tort reform law violated the doctrine of separation of powers and the one-subject provision of the State Constitution. State ex rel. Ohio Academy of Trial Lawyers v. Sheward, 715 N.E.2d 1062 (Ohio 1999).
1995 Illinois Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 20 (1995). Limits noneconomic damages to $500,000. The reform violates the State Constitutional prohibition against special legislation and separation of powers provision of the State Constitution. Best v. Taylor Machine Works, Inc., 689 N.E.2d 1057 (Ill. 1997).
1995 Montana Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 309 (1995): Mont. Code Ann. § 25‑9‑411. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical malpractice cases to $250,000. 1995 North Dakota Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 1050 (1995): N.D. Cent. Code. § 32-42-02. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $500,000.
1995 Wisconsin Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: AB 36 (1995): Wisc. Stat. Ann. §§ 893.55, 895.04. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000, indexed for inflation. The $350,000 limit on noneconomic damages awards in medical liability cases did not violate the right to jury trial, separation of powers, remedy for wrongs, equal protection, or due process provisions of the State constitution. Guzman v. St. Francis Hospital, Inc., 2000 WL 1848463 (Wis. App. Dec. 19, 2000). 1994 Maryland Noneconomic Damages Reform: Wrongful Death: SB 283 (1994): Md. Cts. & Jud. Pro. §11-108. Limits noneconomic damages in wrongful death actions to $500,000. In cases where there are two or more beneficiaries, the limit is $700,000. The reform somewhat counters the effect of the Streidel decision, which held that Maryland's $350,000 limit on noneconomic damages did not apply in wrongful death actions.
1993 Michigan Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: SB 270/H 2 (1993): Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.1483. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $280,000 for ordinary occurrences, and $500,000 if the claimant has suffered brain damage, spinal cord damage, damage to the reproductive system which prevents procreation, or injury to cognitive ability that leaves the plaintiff unable to live alone.
1990 Idaho Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 574 (1990). Removes the 1992 sunset to the $400,000 limit on non-economic damages enacted in 1987.
1988 Kansas Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 2692 (1988): Kan. Stat. Ann. §§ 60-1902, 60-1903. Limits noneconomic damages to $250,000. The Kansas Health Care Provider Insurance Availability Act provision setting a $250,000 limit on noneconomic losses in health care liability actions did not violate the right to a jury trial or due process provisions of the State Constitution. Samsel v. Wheeler Transport Services, Inc., 789 P.2d 541 (Kan. 1990).
1987 Alabama Noneconomic Damages Reform: (1987). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $400,000. The statute setting a $400,000 limit on noneconomic damages awards in health care liability actions violated the right to a jury trial and equal protection provisions of the State Constitution. Moore v. Mobile Infirmary Association, 592 So. 2d 156 (Ala. 1991). 1987 Oregon Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 323 (1987). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $500,000. The $500,000 limit on noneconomic damages in personal injury and wrongful death actions arising out of common law violated the right to jury trial provision of the State Constitution. Lakin v. Senco Products, Inc., 987 P.2d 463 (Or. 1999).
1987 Kansas Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 2692 (1987). Limits the award of damages for pain and suffering to $250,000. 1987 Maryland Noneconomic Damages Reform: Public Entity Lawsuits: SB 237 (1987). Limits the award of noneconomic damages in public entity lawsuits to $200,000 per person and $500,000 per incident. 1987 Alabama Medical Liability Reform: Wrongful Death: (1987). Limits damages in wrongful death actions to $1 million.
1987 Idaho Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 1223 (1987): Idaho Code Ann. § 6-1603. Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $400,000. Provides a sunset in June 1992. The $400,000 cap on noneconomic damages in personal injury and wrongful death actions did not violate the right to jury trial, constitute special legislation, or violate the separation of powers doctrine under the State Constitution. Kirkland v. Blaine County Medical Center, 4 P.3d 1115 (Idaho 2000).
1986 Washington Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 4630 (1986). Limits the award of noneconomic damages for bodily injury to .43% times the average annual wage times the plaintiff’s life expectancy (no less than 15 years). The variable limit on noneconomic damages awards violated the right to trial by jury under the State Constitution. Sofie v. Fibreboard Corp., 771 P.2d 711 (Wash. 1989).
1986 New Hampshire Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 513 (1986). Limits noneconomic damages to $875,000. The statute limiting recovery for noneconomic loss to $875,000 in personal injury actions violated the equal protection provision of the State Constitution. Brannigan v. Usitalo, 587 A.2d 1232 (N.H. 1991). 1986 Florida Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 465 (1986). Limits noneconomic damages to $450,000. The limit on noneconomic damages is unconstitutional. Smith v. Department of Insurance, 507 So.2d 1080 (Fla. 1987). 1986 Hawaii Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB S1 (special session) (1986): Sunset provision (SB 1529) enacted in 1991: Haw. Rev. Stat. §§ 663-8.7, 663-10.9(2). Limits noneconomic damages for physical pain and suffering to $375,000. 1986 Alaska Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 337 (1986). Establishes a $500,000 cap on noneconomic damages for cases not involving physical impairment or disfigurement. 1986 Colorado Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 67 (1986). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $250,000, unless the court finds justification by “clear and convincing” evidence for a larger award not to exceed $500,000. The $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability actions is constitutional. Scholz v. Metropolitan Pathologists, P.C., No. 92‑8A277, Co. Sup. Ct., April 26, 1993.
1986 Maryland Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 558 (1986): Md. Cts. & Jud. Pro. §11-108. Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $500,000. The Court of Special Appeals of Maryland upheld the constitutionality of the noneconomic damages limit in Potomac Electric Co. v. Smith, 79 Md. App. 591, 558 A.2d 768 1989. The $350,000 limit on noneconomic damages in personal injury actions did not violate the equal protection or right to jury trial provisions of the State Constitution. Murphy v. Edmonds, 601 A.2d 102 (Md. 1992).
1986 Minnesota Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 2078 (1986). Limits the award of damages for loss of consortium, emotional distress, or embarrassment to $400,000. The $400,000 limit on damages for embarrassment, emotional distress, and loss of consortium did not violate “certain remedy” clause of the State Constitution. Schweich v. Ziegler, Inc., 463 N.W.2d 722 (Minn. 1990).
1980 New Hampshire Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: A New Hampshire law setting a $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability cases was held unconstitutional in Carson v. Maurer, 424 A.2d 825 (N.H. 1980). A $875,000 cap on noneconomic damages was held unconstitutional in Brannigan v. Usitalso, 587 A.2d 1232 (N.H. 1980)). 1975 California Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: The Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act (MICRA): (1975): Cal. Civ. Code § 333.2. Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $250,000. The $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability actions does not violate the equal protection or due process provisions of the State or Federal Constitutions. Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 695 P.2d 665 (Cal.), appeal dismissed, 474 U.S. 892 (1985).
Utah Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: Utah Code Ann. § 78-14-7.1. Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $250,000.
Alaska Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 58 (1997): Alaska Stat. § 9.17.010. Limits noneconomic damages awarded for most single injuries or deaths to the greater of $400,000 or the injured person’s life expectancy in years multiplied by $8,000. Limits noneconomic damages for personal injuries involving permanent physical impairment or severe disfigurement to the greater of $1,000,000 or the person’s life expectancy in years multiplied by $25,000. The reform did not violate the right to a jury trial, the right to equal protection, or the right to substantive due process in the State or Federal Constitutions, the separation of powers doctrine, or the right of access to the courts or ban on “special legislation” in the State Constitution). Evans v. State, 2002 WL 1998141 (Alaska Aug. 30, 2002).
Wisconsin Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: AB 36 (1995): Wisc. Stat. Ann. §§ 893.55, 895.04. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000, indexed for inflation. The $350,000 limit on noneconomic damages awards in medical liability cases did not violate the right to jury trial, separation of powers, remedy for wrongs, equal protection, or due process provisions of the State constitution. Guzman v. St. Francis Hospital, Inc., 2000 WL 1848463 (Wis. App. Dec. 19, 2000). Kansas Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 2692 (1988): Kan. Stat. Ann. §§ 60-1902, 60-1903. Limits noneconomic damages to $250,000. The Kansas Health Care Provider Insurance Availability Act provision setting a $250,000 limit on noneconomic losses in health care liability actions did not violate the right to a jury trial or due process provisions of the State Constitution. Samsel v. Wheeler Transport Services, Inc., 789 P.2d 541 (Kan. 1990).
Colorado Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 143 (1988): Colo. Rev. Stat. § 13-64-302. Limits the total award of damages to $1,000,000, of which no more than $250,000 can be for noneconomic damages. The $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability actions is constitutional. Scholz v. Metropolitan Pathologists, P.C., No. 92‑8A277, Co. Sup. Ct., April 26, 1993.
Idaho Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 1223 (1987): Idaho Code Ann. § 6-1603. Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $400,000. Provides a sunset in June 1992. The $400,000 cap on noneconomic damages in personal injury and wrongful death actions did not violate the right to jury trial, constitute special legislation, or violate the separation of powers doctrine under the State Constitution. Kirkland v. Blaine County Medical Center, 4 P.3d 1115 (Idaho 2000).
Colorado Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 67 (1986). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $250,000, unless the court finds justification by “clear and convincing” evidence for a larger award not to exceed $500,000. The $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability actions is constitutional. Scholz v. Metropolitan Pathologists, P.C., No. 92‑8A277, Co. Sup. Ct., April 26, 1993.
Maryland Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 558 (1986): Md. Cts. & Jud. Pro. §11-108. Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $500,000. The Court of Special Appeals of Maryland upheld the constitutionality of the noneconomic damages limit in Potomac Electric Co. v. Smith, 79 Md. App. 591, 558 A.2d 768 1989. The $350,000 limit on noneconomic damages in personal injury actions did not violate the equal protection or right to jury trial provisions of the State Constitution. Murphy v. Edmonds, 601 A.2d 102 (Md. 1992).
Minnesota Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 2078 (1986). Limits the award of damages for loss of consortium, emotional distress, or embarrassment to $400,000. The $400,000 limit on damages for embarrassment, emotional distress, and loss of consortium did not violate “certain remedy” clause of the State Constitution. Schweich v. Ziegler, Inc., 463 N.W.2d 722 (Minn. 1990).
Tennessee Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 2008 / SB 1522 (2011);Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-39-102. Limits noneconomic damages to $750,000 per occurrence in medical liability actions, and a limit of $1 million if the injury or loss is catastrophic in nature. The limits on noneconomic damages do not apply if the defendant acted with intent to harm, falsified records or acted under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
Oklahoma Noneconomic Damages Reform- H.B. 2128 (2011), 23 Okl. St. § 61.2: Reduces the limit on the amount of noneconomic damages that may be awarded for noneconomic loss arising from a claim of bodily injury from $400,000 to $350,000. Does not impact damages such as lost wages, medical expenses and future loss of expected wages, and lays out exceptions to the limit in case of gross negligence, reckless disregard, intentional actions, or malicious conduct. Eliminates the establishment of the Health Care Indemnity Fund.
Oklahoma Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 1603 (2009); 23 Okl. St. § 61.2. Provides that in any civil action arising from a claimed bodily injury, the amount of compensation which a trier of fact may award a plaintiff for noneconomic loss shall not exceed $400,000, except under certain circumstances.
South Carolina Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: S. 83 (2005). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000 per provider, with an overall aggregate limit of $1.05 million. Missouri Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: H.B. 393 (2005). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to a nonadjustable limit of $350,000 regardless of the number of defendants in the case.
Alaska Medical Liability Reform/Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 67 (2005). Lowers the limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $250,000. In the most severe cases involving disfigurement, severe permanent physical impairment, and wrongful death, the limit on noneconomic damages is $400,000. The previous limit on noneconomic damages ranged from $400,000 to $1 million, depending on the severity of the injuries.
Oklahoma Noneconomic Damages Reform: H.B. 2661 (2004). Limits noneconomic damages to $300,000 in medical liability cases provided the defendant made an offer of judgment and the amount of the verdict is less than one-and-a-half times the amount of the final offer of judgment. Indexed the limit to inflation. Non-economic damages do not include, by definition, exemplary damages. Limit on noneconomic damages may be lifted if nine or more members of the jury find by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant committed negligence or if nine or more members of the jury find by a preponderance of the evidence that the conduct of the defendant was willful or wanton. Provides, however, that the judge must, before submitting such determination to the jury, make a threshold determination that there is evidence from which the jury could reasonably make the findings set forth in the case. Provides that if the jury returns a verdict that is greater than $300,000 but less than one-and-a-half times the amount of the final offer of judgment, the court shall submit additional forms of possible verdicts to the jury covering possible determinations of negligence and/or willful and wanton conduct. Provided that limits do not apply to wrongful death action. Provisions of this section sunsets on November 1, 2010.
Colorado Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 115 (2004). Limits noneconomic damages in breach of contract claims by specifying that noneconomic damages may only be recovered for breach of contract when recovery of such damages is specifically authorized in the contract that is the subject of the claim. The only other circumstance under which noneconomic damages may be recovered is for any first-party claim brought against an insurer for breach of an insurance contract and that the defendant willfully and wantonly breached the contract. Colorado Noneconomic Damages Reform: S.B. 115 (2004). Limits noneconomic damages in breach of contract claims by specifying that noneconomic damages may only be recovered for breach of contract when recovery of such damages is specifically authorized in the contract that is the subject of the claim. The only other circumstance under which noneconomic damages may be recovered is for any first-party claim brought against an insurer for breach of an insurance contract and that the defendant willfully and wantonly breached the contract. Ohio Noneconomic Damages Reform: AM Sub SB 80 (2004); ORC Ann. 2315.18. Limits noneconomic damages in cases involving noncatastrophic injuries to the greater of $250,000 or three times economic damages up to $350,000, per plaintiff, with a maximum limit of $500,000 per occurrence. Limits applied to all cases but medical liability cases. Specifies that juries may not consider the following when determining noneconomic damages: (1) evidence of a defendant’s alleged wrongdoing, misconduct or noneconomic guilt; (2) evidence of the defendant’s wealth or financial resources; (3) all other evidence that is offered for the purpose of punishing the defendant. Finally, S.B. 80 specifies procedures and guidelines, based on ALEC’s Full and Fair Noneconomic Damages Act, for trial courts to review (upon a motion) noneconomic damages awards.
Mississippi Noneconomic Damages Reform: H.B. 13 (special session); Amended Miss. Code Ann. § 11-1-60. Limits the recovery of noneconomic damages in all civil cases, with the exception of medical liability actions, to $1 million.
Idaho Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 92 (2003). Idaho Code Ann. § 6-1603 Limits the award of noneconomic damages in personal injury cases to $250,000.
Nevada Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: AB 1 (2002). Limits noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $350,000, except upon a showing of “gross malpractice” or a judicial determination that there is “clear and convincing evidence” that the noneconomic award should exceed the cap. Maryland Noneconomic Damages Reform: Uninsured Drivers: HB 714 (2001); Amended Md. TRANSPORTATION Code Ann. § 17-107. Provides that an individual driving a motor vehicle that is not covered by insurance is considered to have waived the right to recover noneconomic damages under specified circumstances.
Iowa Noneconomic Damages Reform: HF 2525 (2000); Iowa Code § 613.20. Prohibits a motorist, passenger or pedestrian from collecting noneconomic damages for injuries sustained in an automobile crash caused during the commission of a felony.
Florida Automobile Liability Reform: HB 775 (1999). Limits the liability of an owner or lessor of an automobile to $100,000 per person or $300,000 per incident for bodily injury, and $50,000 for property damage. Limits the liability of an uninsured or under-insured person to $500,000 for economic damages only. The reform does not apply in cases involving commercial vehicles used in the ordinary course of business and the transportation of hazardous materials.
Montana Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 309 (1995): Mont. Code Ann. § 25‑9‑411. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical malpractice cases to $250,000. North Dakota Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 1050 (1995): N.D. Cent. Code. § 32-42-02. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $500,000.
Maryland Noneconomic Damages Reform: Wrongful Death: SB 283 (1994): Md. Cts. & Jud. Pro. §11-108. Limits noneconomic damages in wrongful death actions to $500,000. In cases where there are two or more beneficiaries, the limit is $700,000. The reform somewhat counters the effect of the Streidel decision, which held that Maryland's $350,000 limit on noneconomic damages did not apply in wrongful death actions.
Michigan Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages: SB 270/H 2 (1993): Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.1483. Limits the award of noneconomic damages in medical liability cases to $280,000 for ordinary occurrences, and $500,000 if the claimant has suffered brain damage, spinal cord damage, damage to the reproductive system which prevents procreation, or injury to cognitive ability that leaves the plaintiff unable to live alone.
Idaho Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 574 (1990). Removes the 1992 sunset to the $400,000 limit on non-economic damages enacted in 1987.
Kansas Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 2692 (1987). Limits the award of damages for pain and suffering to $250,000. Maryland Noneconomic Damages Reform: Public Entity Lawsuits: SB 237 (1987). Limits the award of noneconomic damages in public entity lawsuits to $200,000 per person and $500,000 per incident. Alabama Medical Liability Reform: Wrongful Death: (1987). Limits damages in wrongful death actions to $1 million.
Hawaii Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB S1 (special session) (1986): Sunset provision (SB 1529) enacted in 1991: Haw. Rev. Stat. §§ 663-8.7, 663-10.9(2). Limits noneconomic damages for physical pain and suffering to $375,000. Alaska Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 337 (1986). Establishes a $500,000 cap on noneconomic damages for cases not involving physical impairment or disfigurement. Indiana Medical Liability Reform: Damages Limits: Ind. Code Ann. § 34-18-14-3. Limits the total amount recoverable in medical liability cases to $750,000 for acts that occur before July 1, 1999, and $1,250,000 for acts that occur after July 1, 1999. Requires any amount awarded in excess of these limits to be paid from the Patient’s Compensation Fund.
Ohio Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 350 (1996). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to the greater of $250,000 or three times economic damages to a maximum of $500,000, unless there is a finding that a plaintiff suffered: (1) a permanent and severe physical deformity; or (2) a permanent physical functional injury that permanently prevents her from being able to independently care for herself and perform life sustaining activities. Provides that if a plaintiff establishes the criteria set forth above, noneconomic damages are limited to the greater of $1 million or $35,000 times the number of years remaining in the plaintiff’s expected life. The comprehensive 1996 tort reform law violated the doctrine of separation of powers and the one-subject provision of the State Constitution. State ex rel. Ohio Academy of Trial Lawyers v. Sheward, 715 N.E.2d 1062 (Ohio 1999).
Illinois Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 20 (1995). Limits noneconomic damages to $500,000. The reform violates the State Constitutional prohibition against special legislation and separation of powers provision of the State Constitution. Best v. Taylor Machine Works, Inc., 689 N.E.2d 1057 (Ill. 1997).
Alabama Noneconomic Damages Reform: (1987). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $400,000. The statute setting a $400,000 limit on noneconomic damages awards in health care liability actions violated the right to a jury trial and equal protection provisions of the State Constitution. Moore v. Mobile Infirmary Association, 592 So. 2d 156 (Ala. 1991). Oregon Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 323 (1987). Limits the award of noneconomic damages to $500,000. The $500,000 limit on noneconomic damages in personal injury and wrongful death actions arising out of common law violated the right to jury trial provision of the State Constitution. Lakin v. Senco Products, Inc., 987 P.2d 463 (Or. 1999).
Washington Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 4630 (1986). Limits the award of noneconomic damages for bodily injury to .43% times the average annual wage times the plaintiff’s life expectancy (no less than 15 years). The variable limit on noneconomic damages awards violated the right to trial by jury under the State Constitution. Sofie v. Fibreboard Corp., 771 P.2d 711 (Wash. 1989).
New Hampshire Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 513 (1986). Limits noneconomic damages to $875,000. The statute limiting recovery for noneconomic loss to $875,000 in personal injury actions violated the equal protection provision of the State Constitution. Brannigan v. Usitalo, 587 A.2d 1232 (N.H. 1991). Florida Noneconomic Damages Reform: SB 465 (1986). Limits noneconomic damages to $450,000. The limit on noneconomic damages is unconstitutional. Smith v. Department of Insurance, 507 So.2d 1080 (Fla. 1987). New Hampshire Medical Liability Reform: Noneconomic Damages Reform: A New Hampshire law setting a $250,000 limit on noneconomic damages in medical liability cases was held unconstitutional in Carson v. Maurer, 424 A.2d 825 (N.H. 1980). A $875,000 cap on noneconomic damages was held unconstitutional in Brannigan v. Usitalso, 587 A.2d 1232 (N.H. 1980)). Texas Medical Liability Reform: Wrongful Death: Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. art. 4590i § 11.02. Limits damages in wrongful death actions to $500,000. The statute originally limited damages in all negligence actions, but the Texas Supreme Court held it unconstitutional except as to wrongful death actions in Rose v. Doctors Hospital, 801 S.W.2d 841 (Tex. 1990) .
ATRA Critical of Missouri High Court Decision Striking Down Legislated Limits on Noneconomic Damages August 02, 2012 MD COURT RULING ENDS PERSONAL INJURY BAR'S SCHEME TO CIRCUMVENT LIMITS ON NONECONOMIC DAMAGES July 23, 2009 In This Section