Source: http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20150136428
Timestamp: 2019-10-18 18:59:41
Document Index: 727789054

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61']

Inventors: Luke S. Connery (Rehoboth, MA, US) David J. Leblanc (Uxbridge, MA, US) David J. Leblanc (Uxbridge, MA, US)
IPC8 Class: AA62C3564FI
Patent application number: 20150136428
[0056] Shown in FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of a fire protection system 10 that employs one or more of mechanisms of fire fighting with a mist, as described above. The system 10 is preferably configured to provide fire protection of light hazard occupancies. Light hazard occupancies are normally defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are expected. Light hazard occupancies typically include but are not limited to the following: residential, offices, data processing areas without open storage of information media, meeting rooms, hotels, museum exhibit areas, restaurant seating areas, institutions, and schools. More preferably, the system 10 provides fire protection of both light hazard and ordinary hazard occupancies. Ordinary hazard occupancies are normally defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where combustibility is moderate, quantity of combustibles is moderate to high, and fires with moderate rates of heat release are expected. Ordinary hazard occupancies typically include but are not limited to the following: automobile parking, laundries, libraries, maintenance areas, mercantile, laboratories, incidental storage, restaurant service areas (kitchens), and dry cleaners. NFPA 13 classifies and defines ordinary hazard occupancies as being into two groups: Group 1 Ordinary Hazard occupancies (OH1) and Group 2 Ordinary Hazard Occupancies. (OH2). OH1 occupancies are defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies "where combustibility is low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of combustible do not exceed 8 ft. (2.4 m) and fires with moderate rates of heat release are expected." See NFPA 13, Ch. 4 (2007). OH2 occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies "where the quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate to high, where stockpiles of contents with moderate rates of heat release do not exceed 12 ft (3.66 m) and stockpiles of contents with high rates of heat release do not exceed 8 ft (2.4 m)." See NFPA 13, Ch. 4 (2007).
[0059] Coupled downstream of the fluid control center 14 is a network of mist generating devices or nozzles 18 that are preferably installed in accordance with NFPA Publication NFPA 750: Water Mist Fire Protection Systems ("NFPA 750"). The nozzles 18, 20, and where applicable sprinklers 22, are preferably all pendent devices that are installed beneath the ceiling C above a protection area A at a maximum ceiling height H of the occupancy being protected. The preferred ceiling construction is smooth with a maximum slope of about five percent or 1 foot rise for each twelve feet of run. Alternatively, the nozzles 18 can be a combination of pendent type, upright orientation and sidewall nozzles.
[0063] Another embodiment of the system 10' is based upon an alternative set of design criteria to provide mist type fire protection for a light hazard and ordinary hazard occupancy having a maximum ceiling height of about seventeen feet and more particularly 16 ft.-5 in. The design criteria more specifically provides that the nozzles are disposed beneath the ceiling at a nozzle-to-nozzle spacing that ranges from a minimum six feet-by-six feet (6 ft.×6 ft), to a maximum spacing of about 12 ft.×12 ft. Accordingly, each of the nozzles define a preferred coverage area per nozzle that ranges from a minimum of 36 sq. feet per nozzle to a maximum of about 144 sq. ft per nozzle. Using another preferred nozzle 18' having a K-factor of preferably less than 1 gpm/psi1/2, and more preferably about 0.6 gpm/psi1/2 and even more preferably 0.59 gpm/psi1/2 and an operating pressure in the range from a minimum of about 110 psi. to a maximum pressure of about 250 psi., the water demand for the preferred system preferably varies with the ceiling height. Accordingly, the water demand of the system 10' is preferably defined by the following criteria: (i) the greater of the most remote five nozzles or a hydraulic design area of 900 sq. ft. area for a maximum ceiling height of about ten feet and more particularly 9 ft.-10 in.; (ii) the greater of the most remote five nozzles or a hydraulic design area of 975 sq. ft. area for a maximum ceiling height of about thirteen feet and more particularly 13 ft.-1 in.; and (iii) the greater of the most remote five nozzles or a hydraulic design area of 1044 sq. ft. for a maximum ceiling height of about seventeen feet and more particularly 16 ft.-5 in. For ceiling heights between about ten feet and seventeen feet, the water demand can be defined by interpolation of the aforementioned criteria. In the preferred system installation, preferred obstruction criteria provides that the maximum vertical distance between a vertical obstruction and the diffusing element of the preferred nozzle 18' is fifteen inches (15 in.) at a maximum horizontal distance from the nozzle axis of about sixty-six inches (66 in.). The preferred nozzle 18' for use in the system 10' is shown in FIGS. 11-18 and described below and in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/193,875, filed on Jan. 2, 2009.
[0065] In another embodiment of the preferred system 10'', the design criteria of the system can provide for light and ordinary hazard occupancy protection in which the occupancy has a compartmented protection area exceeding 1024 square feet. Additionally, the preferred system 10'' provides for protection for light and ordinary hazard occupancies beneath ceilings having a maximum ceiling height of up to about 13 feet and more particularly 13 ft.-1 in. The preferred system 10'' incorporates a network of known nozzles 20, such as for example, the AM24 AquaMist®, from Tyco. The known nozzles are shown and described in a draft data sheet entitled, TFP2224: AquaMist Nozzle® Type AM24 Automatic (Closed) (Draft Sep. 22, 2008), which is attached in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/193,873, filed Jan. 2, 2009. An earlier version of the Type AM24 data sheet, dated November 1997, is also attached to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/193,873. For the system 10'' using the preferred Tyco AM24 as the know nozzle 20, the devices have a K-factor of 0.64 gpm/psi1/2 and a minimum operating pressure of about 100 psi and preferably 102 psi.
[0067] The preferred nozzle-to-nozzle spacing for the known devices 20 is preferably defined by the following preferred criteria in the absence of any storage: (i) for a Group 1 ordinary hazard occupancy (NFPA) beneath a ceiling height of about ten feet and more particularly 9 ft-10 in, the nozzle to nozzle spacing preferably ranges from a minimum of 6 ft.×6 ft to a maximum of about 12 ft.×12 ft. and more particularly about 11 ft-5 in.×11 ft.-5 in.; (ii) for a Group 1 ordinary hazard occupancy (NFPA) beneath a ceiling height of about thirteen feet and more particularly 13 ft-1 in, the nozzle to nozzle spacing preferably ranges from a minimum of 6 ft.×6 ft to a maximum of about 10 ft.×10 ft. and more particularly 9 ft.-10 in×9 ft.-10 in.; and (iii) for a Group 2 ordinary hazard occupancy (NFPA) beneath a ceiling height of about ten feet and more particularly 9 ft-10 in, the nozzle to nozzle spacing preferably ranges from a minimum of 6 ft.×6 ft to a maximum of about 10 ft.×10 ft. and more particularly 9 ft.-10 in×9 ft.-10 in.; or (iv) for a Group 2 ordinary hazard occupancy (NFPA) beneath a ceiling height of about thirteen feet and more particularly 13 ft-1 in, the nozzle to nozzle spacing preferably ranges from a minimum of 6 ft.×6 ft to a maximum of about 8 ft.×8 ft. and more particularly 8 ft.-2 in×8 ft.-2 in.
[0069] In yet another alternate embodiment of the preferred system 10''' the design criteria provides for light and ordinary hazard occupancy protection in which the occupancy has a compartmented protection area exceeding 1024 square feet. Additionally, the preferred system provides for protection for light and ordinary hazard occupancies beneath ceilings having a maximum ceiling heights which may exceed twenty feet. The preferred system 10''' incorporates a network of known automatic pendent sprinklers 22, such as for example, the Series TY-FRB Sprinkler from Tyco. The known pendent sprinklers are shown and described in the technical data sheet is entitled, TFP670: Series TY-B & TY-FRB 10 mm Orifice Upright & Pendent Sprinklers w/ISO 7/1-R3/8 Threads Standard & Quick Response (July 2004) which is attached in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/193,873, filed Jan. 2, 2009. The automatic sprinklers are preferably selected and installed in accordance with NFPA 13. For the system 10'' using the preferred Tyco AM24 as the known nozzle 20, the devices have a K-factor of about 4 gpm/psi1/2, preferably 57 lpm/bar1/2, and a maximum operating pressure of 175 psi.
[0073] In another alternate embodiment of the system 10'''', preferred design criteria provides mist type fire protection for a light hazard only occupancy having a maximum compartmented protection area of 1024 square ft (sq. ft.) beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height of about eight feet (8 ft.). The design criteria more specifically provides that the nozzles 18 shown in FIGS. 2-10, are disposed beneath the ceiling at a nozzle-to-nozzle spacing that ranges from a minimum six feet-by-six feet (6 ft.×6 ft), to a maximum spacing of 16 ft.×16 ft. Accordingly, each of the nozzles 18 define a preferred coverage area per nozzle that ranges from a minimum of 36 square feet per nozzle to a maximum of 256 sq. ft. per nozzle. The water demand for the preferred system is preferably defined by providing a sixty minute duration of water to each of the nozzles 18 in the system at the operating pressure which can range from 140 psi to 250 psi.
[0074] In yet another embodiment of the system 10'''', preferred design criteria provides mist type fire protection for a light hazard only occupancy beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height of about seventeen feet and more particularly 16 ft-5 in. The design criteria more specifically provides that the nozzles 18' shown in FIGS. 11-18, are disposed beneath the ceiling at a nozzle-to-nozzle spacing that ranges from a minimum six feet-by-six feet (6 ft.×6 ft), to a maximum spacing of 12 ft.×12 ft. Accordingly, each of the nozzles 18 define a preferred coverage area per nozzle that ranges from a minimum of 36 square feet per nozzle to a maximum of 144 sq. ft. per nozzle. The water demand for the preferred system is preferably defined by providing a sixty minute duration of water at an operating pressure in the range of about 110 psi to 250 psi to a 1500 sq. ft. hydraulic demand area, or for protection of areas less than 1500 sq. ft, providing the sixty minute water supply to each of the nozzles 18' in the in the protected area.
[0076] The systems above incorporate preferred mist devices for the protection of at least one of a light hazard occupancy only and a light and ordinary hazard occupancy having a ceiling with a maximum ceiling height of at least 8 ft. The preferred devices include a body defining an internal passage having an inlet and an outlet for the discharge of a fluid. For the preferred devices, an orifice insert disposed within the passageway defines a K-factor of less than 1 gpm/psi1/2. A pair of frame arms extend between the upper and lower body portion and centered about the device axis, and a seal assembly is disposed in the outlet including a thermally sensitive element to support the seal assembly. The preferred device includes means for diffusing the fluid at a flux density of less than 0.1 gpm/sq. ft. for a fluid pressure at the inlet of less than 500 psi1/2. to define a coverage area of the device of over than 132 sq. ft., preferably to a maximum of 256 sq. ft.
[0086] In the cross-sectional view of the orifice inlet of FIG. 10, the transition surface preferably defines an arc that can be approximated by one quarter of an ellipse having a major axis length of about 0.326 inches and a minor axis length of about 0.218. It has also been found that combinations of two or more radii can be used to approximate the shape of the preferred ellipse profile and therefore approximate the transition surface 154, as long as all radius transition points are smoothly blended. For example, in one preferred embodiment, the elliptical profile can be defined by a first arc 154a, and second arc 14b, in which the first arc 154a initiates axially at a distance of 0.279 inches from the top surface 158 of the orifice insert 150 and radially continuous with the interior surface of the lower portion 152b of the through bore at a preferred distance of 0.08 inches from the insert axis E-E. The first arc 154a terminates axially at 0.187 inches from the top surface 158, radially at 0.118 inches from the insert axis EE with a radius of curvature of 0.227 inches. The second arc initiates 0.187 inches from the top surface 158 of the orifice insert 150 so as to define a continuous smooth transition with the first arc 154a. Moreover the second arc terminates at an axial distance of 0.146 from the top surface 158 and at a radial distance of about 0.191 inches from the axis B-B of the insert, with a radius of curvature of about 0.08 inches.
[0087] It has been determined that the profile of the orifice outlet of the lower through bore portion 152b of the orifice insert 150 can also affect the stability of the fluid stream discharged from the orifice insert 150 before it impacts the diffuser element 200 of the load screw assembly 236. Preferably, bottom surface 156 of the orifice insert defines a planar orthogonal surface relative to the axis EE of the orifice insert 150 such that the exit orifice of the lower portion 152b of the through bore is defined by a right angle transition between the interior of the lower portion 152b of the through bore and the bottom surface 156 of the orifice insert.
[0089] Referring to FIG. 4, the diffuser element 200 is preferably a substantially annular element and is more preferably a frustroconical element having an upper diffuser surface 210a, a lower diffuser surface 210b, and a peripheral surface 212 to define the outer edge and maximum diameter of the diffuser element 200. The diffuser element 200 has a preferred maximum diameter of about 0.5 inches. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the upper and lower diffuser surfaces 210a, 210b are preferably parallel to one another. The surfaces are angled relative to the diffuser axis B-B so as to define an included angle α relative to a plane orthogonal to the diffuser axis B-B ranging between about 10 degrees to about 12 degrees and is more preferably about 11 degrees. Moreover, the upper and lower diffuser surfaces 210a, 210b are preferably spaced apart to define a thickness of the diffuser 200 ranging between about 0.02 inch to about 0.03 inch. The lower diffuser surface 210b preferably extends parallel to the upper diffuser surface 210a parallel over a radial distance of about 0.23 inches and then transitions radially and axially to define the maximum thickness of the diffuser at a preferred radial distance of about 0.24 inches. The diffuser element 200 is preferably thicker at the outer edge such that the peripheral surface 212 defines an axial thickness of about 0.030 inch. The lower diffuser surface 210b then preferably extends radially perpendicular to the diffuser axis B-B toward the maximum diameter of the diffuser 200 to terminate at the peripheral surface 212 so as to define an annular lip 214 or skirt. The annular lip 214 has a preferred radial thickness of about 0.02 inches.
[0109] The diffuser element 400 is preferably formed such that the upper surface 406 has a plurality of surfaces that are disposed at angles with respect to one another. Preferably, the diffuser element 400 includes a substantially planar central base region 406a and an outer annular substantially planar region 406c in which each of the central and outer regions of the upper surface 406 are disposed orthogonal to the nozzle axis XIII-XIII when the diffuser element 400 is installed about the lower body element 322. The diffuser element 400 is further preferably formed such that the upper surface 406 defines a generally annular intermediate region 406b between the central region 406a and the outer region 406c. The intermediate region 406b preferably defines a truncated cone slanted at a downward angle, α, relative to a plane parallel the central and outer planar regions 406a, 406b. The angle α preferably ranges between about e.g. in the range of about 15° to about 60° and is more preferably about 18°. The intermediate region 406b is preferably substantially continuous with the central region 406a and the outer region 406c such that the diffuser element defines an axial spacing H between the central and outer regions 406a, 406c which ranges from about 0.14 to about 0.15 inches and is preferably 0.148 inches.
[0115] In an alternate embodiment, the formation of the diffuser element 400 can bring the walls at the initial portion of the slots of the third group 418 into close contact such that the third group of slots 418 act as through holes forming a substantially tear dropped shaped opening in the diffuser element that is completely bound by an effectively continuous wall.
[0135] According to FM 5560: Appendix I, a "Small Compartment" fire test is conducted within a compartment SC having a bunk bed fuel package as shown in FIGS. 19A-21B. The Small Compartment residential fire test compartment measured--W×L×H--10 ft.×13 ft.×8 ft. (3 m×4 m×2.4 m) fitted with two total bunk beds, each located on the 13 ft. walls. Each bunk bed contained three total mattresses pieces of 6 ft.-6 in.×2 ft.-7 in.×4 in. (2 m by 0.8 m by 0.1 m) thick polyether foam commodity with a cotton fabric cover. Two mattresses were in a horizontal configuration and one was in a vertical configuration parallel to and against the wall. A total of four pillows, composed of the same material, were also required in the test, one at the head of each horizontal mattress. The entire compartment was protected by one nozzle 800a located centrally within the compartment SC.
[0137] A test fire I is ignited in a lower bunk located 1.3 ft off the floor and 3 ft. beneath an upper bunk as shown. Passing test criteria for the Small Compartment fire test is: (i) maintain temperatures directly over ignition, at the ceiling, below 315C; (ii) maintain greater than 60% of mattress commodity in the ignition bunk; and (iii) do not operate nozzles located in the ceiling of the hallway. The mist nozzle 100 shown in FIGS. 2-10 was installed as test nozzle 800a, 800b and 800c and subjected to the Small Compartment test and passed. The test nozzle 800a was actuated approximately 150 seconds after ignition. At all times during the test, temperatures were maintained below 315C. One nozzle (out of one permitted) operated in the compartment. Zero nozzles (out of zero permitted) operated in the hallway. Greater than 60% of the mattress commodity in the bottom of the ignition bunk remained. Accordingly, the test was a success.
[0141] The Heptane in the pan and the cotton wicks are ignited at an ignition point I in the corner by the fuel package. Successful test criteria is defined as: (i) maintain temperatures directly over ignition, at the ceiling, below 315C; (ii) do not operate nozzle, located inside each of the doorways. Each of the preferred nozzles 100, 300 were installed as the test nozzles 802a-802f. In the test results of the to-be-commercialized AM27 nozzle 100, operation of the test nozzle occurred approximately 90 seconds after ignition, and for the to-be-commercialized AM29 nozzle 300, nozzle operation occurred 80 seconds after ignition. The test was run for 10 minutes following nozzle operation. The test was a success. At all times during the test, temperatures were maintained below 315C, one nozzle (out of four permitted) operated in the compartment, and zero nozzles (out of zero permitted) operated inside the doorways.
[0144] In a first open space test, the fuel package is centered under one of the test nozzles 804 installed in the ceiling, and the ignition point I is located atop the center of one of the sofas in the fuel package. Operation of the nozzle occurred approximately 160 seconds after ignition. The test was run for 10 minutes following operation of the first nozzle. Criteria for success is defined by: (i) maintain temperatures directly over ignition, at the ceiling, below 315C; (ii) maintain greater than 50% of mattress commodity; and (iii) do not operate more than five nozzles. For the nozzle 300 to-be-commercialized as the AM29, at all times during the test, temperatures were maintained below 315C. Greater than 50% of the mattress commodity remained after testing. One nozzle (out of 5 permitted) operated in the ceiling, 5 m above the fuel package arrangement. The fire test was a success.
[0151] A theoretical total volume of water passing through the test nozzle 701 is known based on characteristic k-factor [GPM/psi1/2] and pressure [psi] by utilizing the following equation:
[0153] The collection data can be alternately visualized to show discharge distribution data. For example, freeware called `SE.LA.VI.: Scientific Lab for Visualization, available at URL Address<http://www.fluid.mech.ntua.gr/selavi/>, can be used to provide a visual representation of spray pattern distribution. The software converts the discharge distribution into a visual pattern that indicates heavy discharge with yellow and red colors with decreasing areas of discharge concentration shown in green and/or blue. More specifically, the color red in the pattern represents the highest concentration and dark blue represents zero flux density delivered. Light blue, green and yellow represents respectively, less to more concentration in the discharge distribution. Color copies of the test distribution result were filed in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/193,874, filed on Jan. 2, 2009 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/193,875, filed on Jan. 2, 2009.
[0154] The rectilinear or Cartesian grid of distribution data is further preferably converted into a Polar Coordinate system as shown in FIG. 24. The entire nozzle spray pattern is preferably defined by a Polar Coordinate system having its origin at the nozzle axis with its peripheral boundary at a diameter about the nozzle of twenty feet. The spray pattern is further preferably divided into concentric annular rings about the test nozzle defining discrete regions of the spray pattern. Each ring is preferably defined by an inner ring edge defining an inner diameter about the device axis and an outer ring edge defining an outer diameter about the device axis. The inner and outer ring edges are spaced apart by one foot in the radial direction. Summarized in Tables 3A-3C and Tables 4A-4C are the distribution values for each discrete annular band identified by the inner and outer diameter of the rings. More specifically, each ring shows the discrete volumetric flow measured in gallons per minute, percentage of total flow and the cumulative volume between the nozzle axis. Tables 4A-4C are the test results for the nozzle shown in FIGS. 2-10, the to-be-commercialized AM27 nozzle. Tables 4A-4C are the test results for the nozzle shown in FIGS. 11-18, the to-be-commercialized AM29 nozzle.
[0155] To further facilitate analysis of the test results the results, the polar and Cartesian distribution data is dissected into zones: Zone 1 Z1; Zone 2 Z2; and Zone 3 Z3 as shown in FIG. 24. The preferably three zones allow for a more detailed analysis of the distribution of a given sector within the polar coordinate region of a given quadrant of the distribution. Zone one Z1 is defined by a sixty degree span about a first plane P1-P1 intersecting the device axis and perpendicular to a second plane P2-P2 intersecting the device axis and including the pair of frame arms. Zone three Z3 is defined by a sixty degree span centered about the second plane, and zone two Z2 is defined by a thirty degree span about a third plane intersecting the device axis and disposed between the first and second planes and extending forty-five degrees relative to each of the first and second planes. In the summary tables below, Tables 3A-3C and Tables 4A-4C the volumetric flow and percentage of total flow is shown for each discrete region of an annular ring for a given zone. The numerical values of fluid flow and percent flow were experimentally determined and derived for preferred embodiments of water mist devices. Accordingly, it should be understood that equivalent performance for a test nozzle is possible despite variability in numerical values provided the profile of the fluid distribution for the subject nozzle is relatively substantially similar.
[0156] Referring to the test results provided below and in particular the results in Zone 2 Z2 show that the subject nozzles provide for a volumetric flow at radial distances from the nozzles that is greater than those of previously known nozzles. Accordingly, the test shows the enlarged coverage area performance of the subject nozzles. Moreover, the test results show the maximum fluid flow distribution and cumulative percent flow distribution over a discrete radial region or cumulative radial regions. For example, the preferred nozzle 300 when installed in the test installation 700 with an inlet pressure of 175 psi, Table 4B shows that the resultant spray pattern includes: (i) within zone 1 Z1 the highest percentage of the flow volume in a first region 8 ft. to 10 ft. about the device axis and about 15% of the total flow being distributed over a second region eight to twenty feet about the device axis; (ii) within zone 2 the highest percentage of the flow volume in a first region 12 ft. to 14 ft. about the device axis and about 18% of the total flow being distributed over a second region twelve to twenty feet about the device axis; and (iii) within zone 3 the highest percentage of the flow volume in a first region 6 ft. to 8 ft. about the device axis and about 11% of the total flow being distributed over a second region six to twenty feet about the device axis. Such nozzle performance provides for the reduced water demand requirements in mist-type fire protections systems for light and ordinary occupancies as compared to known sprinkler or mist systems. Further details of the distribution testing and analysis is described in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/193,874, filed on Jan. 2, 2009 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/193,875, filed on Jan. 2, 2009 each of which is incorporated by reference to specifically incorporate the details of the distribution testing and analysis.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 3A Pressure = 100 psi. ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 Ring Dia. Volume Cumulative Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of (Outer) (gpm) Volume (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) 0 ft.-2 ft. 0.07 0.07 0.8 0.0+ 0.3 0.0+ 0.3 0.0+ 0.3 2 ft.-4 ft. 0.25 0.32 3.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 1.3 0.1 1.0 4-ft.-6 ft. 1.41 1.73 17.4 0.3 3.2 0.4 4.4 0.2 2.5 6 ft.-8 ft. 0.87 2.60 10.8 0.3 3.3 0.9 10.6 0.2 2.7 8 ft.-10 ft. 1.31 3.91 16.2 0.4 4.7 0.8 9.5 0.3 3.4 10 ft.-12 ft. 0.90 4.81 11.1 0.3 3.3 0.5 6.1 0.2 2.0 12 ft.-14 ft. 0.92 5.72 11.3 0.2 2.9 0.5 5.7 0.2 2.6 14 ft.-16 ft. 0.71 6.43 8.7 0.1 1.1 0.5 5.9 0.2 1.9 16 ft.-18 ft. 0.60 7.03 7.3 0.1 0.8 0.4 4.6 0.1 1.5 18 ft.-20 ft. 0.35 7.37 4.3 0.0+ 0.3 0.3 3.4 0.1 0.7
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 3C Pressure = 245 psi. ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 Ring Dia. Volume Cumulative Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of (Outer) (gpm) Volume (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) 0 ft.-2 ft. 0.15 0.15 1.18 0.0+ 0.4 0.0+ 0.4 0.0+ 0.4 2 ft.-4 ft. 0.40 0.54 3.11 0.1 0.9 0.2 1.4 0.1 1.0 4-ft.-6 ft. 1.57 2.11 12.39 0.3 2.6 0.4 3.5 0.3 2.3 6 ft.-8 ft. 0.99 3.10 7.77 0.3 2.5 0.8 6.6 0.2 1.9 8 ft.-10 ft. 1.07 4.17 8.45 0.4 2.9 0.6 4.5 0.2 1.9 10 ft.-12 ft. 0.75 4.92 5.94 0.3 2.3 0.3 2.4 0.1 1.1 12 ft.-14 ft. 0.66 5.58 5.18 0.3 1.7 0.3 2.2 0.2 1.3 14 ft.-16 ft. 0.58 6.16 4.54 0.1 0.8 0.4 3.1 0.1 0.8 16 ft.-18 ft. 0.61 6.76 4.79 0.0+ 0.2 0.5 3.6 0.1 0.6 18 ft.-20 ft. 0.58 7.33 4.45 0.0+ 0.1 0.5 3.9 0.1 0.5
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 4A Pressure = 100 psi. ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 Ring Dia. Volume Cumulative Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of (Outer) (gpm) Volume (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) 0 ft.-2 ft. 0.15 0.15 2.5 0.0+ 0.8 0.0+ 0.8 0.0+ 0.8 2 ft.-4 ft. 0.23 0.38 4.0 0.1 1.1 0.1 1.9 0.1 1.3 4-ft.-6 ft. 0.48 0.86 8.1 0.1 1.5 0.2 2.6 0.2 3.2 6 ft.-8 ft. 0.57 1.43 9.6 0.1 2.4 0.2 3.2 0.2 3.9 8 ft.-10 ft. 0.61 2.04 10.4 0.2 3.8 0.2 3.3 0.2 4.0 10 ft.-12 ft. 0.66 2.70 11.2 0.2 4.0 0.3 5.2 0.1 2.3 12 ft.-14 ft. 0.78 3.48 13.2 0.3 4.4 0.4 6.2 0.1 2.0 14 ft.-16 ft. 0.67 4.15 11.4 0.2 4.0 0.4 6.5 0.1 1.5 16 ft.-18 ft. 0.68 4.83 11.6 0.2 3.7 0.4 6.5 0.0+ 0.8 18 ft.-20 ft. 0.56 5.39 9.4 0.2 3.1 0.4 6.3 0.0+ 0.2
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 4B Pressure = 175 psi. ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 Ring Dia. Volume Cumulative Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of (Outer) (gpm) Volume (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (%) 0 ft.-2 ft. 0.31 0.31 3.91 0.1 1.2 0.1 1.2 0.1 1.2 2 ft.-4 ft. 0.61 0.61 7.76 0.2 2.8 0.3 3.4 0.2 2.3 4-ft.-6 ft. 0.64 1.55 8.16 0.3 3.8 0.2 2.9 0.2 3.1 6 ft.-8 ft. 1.04 2.59 13.37 0.3 4.2 0.2 3.0 0.3 3.6 8 ft.-10 ft. 0.85 3.44 10.91 0.4 4.6 0.3 3.8 0.3 3.4 10 ft.-12 ft. 0.82 4.26 10.48 0.2 3.1 0.5 6.8 0.1 1.5 12 ft.-14 ft. 0.97 5.23 12.43 0.2 3.2 0.5 6.9 0.1 1.1 14 ft.-16 ft. 0.60 5.83 7.65 0.2 2.3 0.4 5.1 0.1 0.8 16 ft.-18 ft. 80.79 6.31 8.11 0.1 1.4 0.3 3.7 0.0+ 0.6 18 ft.-20 ft. 83.69 6.53 2.90 0.1 0.7 0.1 1.9 0.0+ 0.3
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 4C Pressure = 245 psi. ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 Ring Dia. Volume Cumulative Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of Volume Percentage of (Outer) (gpm) Volume (gpm) Total (%) (gpm) Total (gpm) Total (gpm) Total (%) 0 ft.-2 ft. 0.24 0.24 2.54 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.8 2 ft.-4 ft. 0.41 0.64 4.39 0.1 1.2 0.2 2.2 0.1 1.3 4-ft.-6 ft. 0.77 1.41 8.30 0.1 1.6 0.3 3.0 0.3 3.2 6 ft.-8 ft. 0.78 2.19 8.45 0.1 1.6 0.3 2.9 0.4 3.8 8 ft.-10 ft. 0.72 2.91 7.83 0.3 2.9 0.2 2.2 0.3 3.4 10 ft.-12 ft. 0.76 3.66 8.17 0.4 3.9 0.3 3.0 0.1 1.6 12 ft.-14 ft. 1.14 4.80 12.34 0.5 5.4 0.5 5.1 0.1 1.2 14 ft.-16 ft. 1.24 6.04 13.42 0.4 4.6 0.8 9.1 0.1 0.8 16 ft.-18 ft. 1.21 7.26 13.12 0.3 3.4 0.8 8.3 0.0+ 0.5 18 ft.-20 ft. 0.71 7.97 7.70 0.2 2.1 0.5 5.3 0.0+ 0.4
[0157] While the present invention has been disclosed with reference to certain preferred embodiments, numerous modifications, alterations, and changes to the described embodiments are possible without departing from the sphere and scope of the present invention, as described herein.
2015-05-21 Fire suppression systems, devices, and methods
2015-05-14 Wildfire suppression system
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