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Matched Legal Cases: ['art 3', '§ 7001', '§ 7001', '§ 7002', '§ 7002', '§ 7001', '§ 7002', '§ 7002', '§ 7002', '§ 88', '§ 1', '§ 7002', '§ 7003', '§ 7003', '§ 7004', '§ 7002', '§ 7003', '§ 7004', '§ 7005', '§ 7004', '§ 88', '§ 1', '§ 7003', '§ 7004', '§ 7004', '§ 7005', '§ 7006', '§ 7003', '§ 7005', '§ 88', '§ 7006', '§ 7007', '§ 7006', '§ 7005', '§ 7003', '§ 7005', '§ 7007', '§ 7007', '§ 88', '§ 7008', '§ 7007', '§ 7008', '§ 88', '§ 7008', '§ 7008', '§ 7011', '§ 7010', '§ 7012', '§ 7012', '§ 7009', '§ 7010', '§ 7009', '§ 7012', '§ 7003', '§ 7004', '§ 7009', '§ 7011', '§ 7013', '§ 7013']

Report on Coastal Zone Act Administration 1977-1983 | Oil Refinery | Air Pollution
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July 1977 - December 1983
COASTAL ZONE ACT ADMINISTRATION
STATE COASTAL ZONE INDUSTRIAL CONTROL BOARD
RTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
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u. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOA A
This publication is financed in part through a federal grant from the Office
of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, NOAA, under the provision of Section
306 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (Public Law 92-583) as amended.
40-08/84/09/02
Property of esc Library
APPENDIX I Advisory Legal Opinions
APPENDIX II Definitions
APPENDIX III Coastal Zone Act and Map
Project Applications and Appeals
In June 1971 the First State was first in protecting its coastal lands
and waters from environmentally harmful industrial development by enacting
Delaware's Zone Act. Since then, under the 1972 Federal Coastal Zone
Management twenty-seven coastal states (and territories) have established
coastal management programs involving regulation of coastal land and water
uses to one degree or another. Delaware's early recognition of the value of
its coastal resources and the decision to protect them for the benefit of
present and future populations set a national precedent.
Enactment of the Coastal Zone was the result of the deep concern
of many citizens and public officials in Delaware over the likelihood of
industrial growth in the coastal zone resulting in a large new petroleum
refinery and a deepwater terminal for supertankers and related heavy in-
dustries in areas not yet industrialized. Land ownership and some local
zoning policies (or lack of policies) indicated that such industrialization
was a real possibility. The absence of a State policy toward industrial
growth in the coastal zone and regulatory authority over it left the State
in a position of not having an effective voice in the use of the uniquely
valuable and environmentally sensitive resources of the coastal zone.
a result of this situation and this concern, the Governor appointed
a Task Force on Marine and Coastal Affairs in early 1970 to examine the
situation and advise him on a proper course of action to protect the State's
interest in use and protection of coastal resources. In February 1971, the
Task Force completed a preliminary report recommending that industries com-
patible with high environmental quality standards be encouraged, but that
no further incompatible industries be allowed in the coastal zone. Incom-
patibility would be determined on the basis of quantities and types of pollu-
tants and the magnitude of adverse environmental effects resulting from the
nature of the industry. The Task Force a150 recommended prohibiting
a deepwater port facility in Delaware Bay. The report emphasized the recre-
ational values of the coastal zone for Delawareans and for visitors from
Shortly after release of the Task Force Preliminary Report, in the
spring of 1971, the Governor introduced legislation in the General Assembly
Bill Number 300) for the Coastal Zone Act which follows recommendations
of the Task Force on Marine and Coastal Affairs as to what it regulates and
what it prohibits. On June 28, 1971, Governor Peterson signed the Act into
law, (Title 7, Chapter 70, Delaware Code).
Since enactment in 1971 there have been numerous proposals to amend the
law. Only two amendments have been adopted, one of these having the basic
purpose of reorganizing some agencies of State government.
In 1979 Section 7002 was amended by adding onshore support facilities
for Outer Continental Shelf oil and gas activities to a list of industrial
land uses not to be defined as prohibited heavy industry uses in the defi-
nition of 'heavy industry use'. Such onshore support facilities as ware-
houses, outdoor storage areas, and equipment repair and maintenance facilities
are not prohibited provided that they occupy less than 20 acres. Tank farms
and storage tanks are excluded from the exemption from prohibition.
The second amendment took effect on November 1, 1981 when Reorganization
legislation transferred Coastal Zone Act responsibility from the terminated
Office of Management, Budget and Planning to the Department of Natural Re-
sources and Environmental Control. Prior to this, in January 1977 when the
duPont administration took office, the State Planning Office referred to in
the original Coastal Zone Act became the Office of Management, Budget and
Planning (OMBP). From January 1977 through October 1981 the Director of the
OMBP administered the law. Since November 1981 the Secretary of the Depart-
ment of Natural Resources and Environmental Control has administered the
Within the Division of Environmental Control day-to-day coastal zone
administrative activities are housed in the Planning Branch, which also
provides staff-support to the State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board.
Established by Section 7006 of the Coastal Zone Act, the State Coastal
Zone Industrial Control Board authority and responsibilities are:
1. To serve as an appeal board to hear and decide appeals from
decisions of the Secretary of the Department of Natural Re-
sources and Environmental Control;
2. To review and approve, disapprove or modify application and
procedural regulations prepared by the Secretary; and
3. To review and adopt a comprehensive plan and guidelines con-
cerning acceptable (permitted) manufacturing uses and reg-
ulations for elaboration of the definition of (prohibited)
heavy industry uses.
Originally, the Board was comprised of ten members including the
Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control.
In November 1981 when Coastal Zone administrative responsibility was
given to the Secretary by reorganization legislation, the Board was re-
duced to nine members by eliminating the Secretary's membership. The Governor,
with Senate confirmation,appoints five members representing the general
public, one of whom is designated Board chairman. Four ex-officio members
represent the Delaware Development Office and each of the three county
planning commissions. All members are voting members.
As of December 31, 1983 members of the Board were:
Staff and record-keeping services for the Board are provided by the
Planning Branch in the Division of Environmental Control, Department of
Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Legal assistance to the
Board is provided by a Deputy Attorney General in the Department of Justice.
the five appointed regular members:
Dr. Donald F. Crossan, Chairman
Mrs. Lynn Williams
Mr. Harry M. Fisher, III
Mr. Charles W. Cole
Mr. Robert W. Tunnell
the four ex-officio members:
Dr. V. Eugene McCoy
Mr. Jack Roe
Nathan Hayward, III
New Castle County Planning
Kent County Regional Planning
Sussex County Planning and
Zoning Chairman
Director, Delaware Development
During the period July 1977 through December 1983 there were five
appeals of Coastal Zone decisions. Three of these appeals were settled
without the Board making an appeal decision. The five appeals were:
Brandywine Chemical Company, Inc.
IKO Industries, Ltd.
Getty Refining and Marketing Company
Dunn Development Company
Fischer Enterprises, Inc.
Details about the appeals are given in the project description in
Part 3 of this Report.
In addition to appeal hearings, the Board held a series of meetings
during this reporting period dealing with improving administration of the
Coastal Zone Act.
In December 1980, at the request of the Acting Director of the Office
of Management, Budget and Planning, the Board held a workshop meeting in
Dover to discuss several administrative matters. The discussion involved
Section 7004(b) of the Act requires that environmental,
economic, aesthetic, land use and other effects of pro-
jects proposed by permit applicants be examined prior
to a permit decision. There was a need for a more
systemmatic, objective system for this review and eval-
uation. The Board discussed a methodology, prepared
with federal Coastal Management Program grant funds,
The law's definition of 'heavy industry use' caused
problems of interpretation as to exactly which in-
dustry types could be classified as prohibited heavy
industries. For example, the definition refers to
chemical plants such as petrochemical complexes,
leaving the question whether this meant prohibition
only of petrochemical plants or of all chemical
plants. The law also requires an elaboration of
this definition. With Coastal Management Program
grant funds, a basis to identify heavy industry
uses using the federal census standard industrial
classification had been devised by the OMBP, and
was briefly discussed by the Board.
A discussion of the potential for industrial develop-
ment in the coastal zone centered on the idea of
identifying and mapping distinctive geographic areas
in the zone. The OMBP Acting Director noted that much
of the coastal zone south of the Chesapeake and Delaware
Canal is publicly-owned and much of it is State-desig-
nated wetland. The idea was discussed that particular
types of (permitted) industry would have different
external effects in different areas depending upon
the degree of existing urban and industrial development
and the natural resources in each area.
The Board concluded the meeting by asking the OMBP staff to prepare a
series of overlay maps of the coastal zone showing local zoning, historic
site, public ownership, and critical natural features within the zone. When
appropriate the Board would meet again to reach decisions on the subjects
discussed at this workshop meeting.
Following this workshop meeting, in 1982 a series of Board meetings
Subjects discussed at the January 5, 1982 meeting included effects of
the reorga.nization legislation on Coastal Zone administration with the
transfer to the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
of Coastal. Zone Act authority, a possible fee system to defray some admini-
strative expenses, improved administrative guidelines, and coastal zone
overlay maps for each county. No final decisions were made, work was to
continue on these topics.
At its February 8, 1982 meeting the Board was advised by legal memorandum
that authority to adopt fees is ambiguous in the Coastal Zone Act, but that
other law prevents the Department from retaining any fees. Fee money must go
to the General Fund without other specific statutory authority. There would
be no point in adopting Coastal Zone fees. The Board voted to approve this
A second legal memorandum advised that the Board does have the
authority to adopt definitions and administrative regulations provided they
are reasonable interpretations of legislative intent. The Board approved
this legal memorandum.
The subject of the status decision procedure was discussed in terms of
providing an opportunity for public participation prior to the decision. The
present system allows only for appeals of the decision, there is no public
announcement of or public hearing on the status decision application. The
Board decided to keep the procedure as is but to suggest to Secretary Wilson
that he can decide to hold an information meeting prior to a status decision
if he feels it is a matter of public interest.
Concerning the possibility of differential weighing of environmental,
economic, land use and other factors according to the permit applicant's
location in the coastal zone, legal counsel advised that the coastal zone
is a single entity and that it cannot be divided into sub-types each having
different: standards for weighing the effects of the proposed manufacturing
use. That is, in contrast to traditional zoning practice of having a series
of different zones for residences, commercial uses, industry, etc. there is
only one coastal zone and only new or expanded manufacturing uses are per-
mitted in that zone. Evaluation of likely effects on the coastal zone, as
required in Section 7004(b) of the Act, should not vary in terms of the
urban, industrial, rural or undeveloped character of the area around the
applicant's proposed site.
On March 16, 1982 meeting, without a quorum, the Board discussed terms
which have caused problems of administrative interpretation. The "production
capacity" used in the Board-approved definition of expansion or extension
of a nonconforming use is whatever capacity figure the applicant customarily
uses to describe his operating capacity. Capacity mayor may not be the
same as actual production, capacity may exceed production. In the definition
of heavy industry use the list of industries as examples of heavy industries
is not intended to be all-inclusive, the Board decided. Other industries
having identifying characteristics of a heavy industry use including pollution
potential can be considered as such. The term "petrochemical" in the defi-
nition of heavy industry use does not mean that only petrochemical plants
are prohibited. The Board decided that other chemical plants can be heavy
industry uses if they have the identifying characteristics in the definition.
The Board further decided that, with these clarifications, existing termi-
nology is adequate.
At its May 17, 1982 meeting the State Coastal Zone Industrial Control
Board discussed the coastal zone county overlay maps showing prime agricul-
tural soils, federal and state land, local industrial zoning, historic and
archaeological sites, and wetlands and other critical natural areas recog-
nized in Delaware's coastal management program. After review of a report
suggesting alternative methods to evaluate environmental and other effects
of manufacturing uses the Board decided that a methodology using a matrix
identifying possible effects would result in more systemmatic and objective
staff evaluations of permit applications.
At its meeting of July 14, 1982 the Board again reviewed the coastal
zone overlay maps. The Kent County Planner presented overlay maps of the
~ o a s t a l zone in that county and noted that only a small part of the county's
coastal zone could be developed for industrial use due to extensive wet-
lands and public lands. He also noted that nearly all of Kent County's
coastal zone is zoned for agricultural-residential use. The Board also re-
viewed proposed, revised coastal zone permit application forms which were
organized in a format encouraging more explicit information from applicants
keyed to the language and purpose of the law - whereas the questions in the
old form, especially in the environmental section, were expressed in more
general terms similiar to the National Environmental Policy Act. Site plan
requirements were also simplified. No Board decision was made on the
amended application forms.
The Board at its meeting on October 4, 1982 formally approved the re-
vised permit application forms and the use by Coastal Zone Act administrative
staff of the matrix methodology for reviewing and evaluating environmental
and other effects of permit applicant's projects.
PROJECTS AND DECISIONS
Summary of Projects and Decisions
The Unusual Decisions involved Projects No. 109, 127, 131, and 144; they
are described in some detail in the following projects descriptions.
Brief desciptions of each of the 63 project applications received during
the period July 1977 thorugh December 1982, including descriptions of appeals
to the State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board, are provided in chrono-
logical order as follows.
Most of the decisions, 37 of 63, never proceeded further than the status
decision. That is, the decision was that the project was not regulated by the
Act and there was no appeal. Nearly all of these involved companies in oper-
ation in the coastal zone since prior to enactment of the law and having non-
conforming use status.
Given the urban, industrial nature of the northern one-third of the state
in contrast to the more rural and non-industrial character of central and
southern Delaware it is not surprising that over 75 percent of the projects
were located in New Castle County from Delaware City northward, 49 of 63
projects. One project was located in Kent County, which has very little
land zoned industrial in the coastal zone. The remaining 13 projects were in
Sussex County. This pattern of industrial development and Coastal Zone
decisions continues the pattern established in the first six
years of Coastal Zone administration.
Status Decision: Not Regulated, No Further Decision
Permits for New Manufacturing
Permit for Expansion or Extension of a Nonconforming
Status Decision Not Regulated - Appeal
Status Decision Permit Required - Appeal
Permit Required - Project Never Completed or
Applicant Located Outside of Coastal Zone
Permit Required - No Application Received by Close
of This Report Period
Status Decision Application Under Review at Close
Unusual Decision (not categorized above)
In the six and one-half years from July 1977 through December 1983
a total of 63 projects (applications) were received for Coastal Zone de-
cisions. Between July 1977 and October 1981 these decisions were made
by the Director of the Office of Management, Budget and Planning, the
successor to the State Planner (referred to in the Coastal Zone Act).
Since November 1, 1981 the Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Control has made the Coastal Zone decisions as a result
of the reorganization legislation previously referred to.
Project No. 90 -- Allied Chemical Corporation, Industrial Chemicals Division,
Delaware Works at Claymont. Status application: July 27, 1977. Project: In-
stallation of a 10,000 gallon liquid sulfur dioxide storage and handling sys-
tem within the existing sulfuric acid manufacturing area. The sulfur dioxide
is a waste material from another company's pollution control device and will
be used by Allied Chemical in a boiler as a raw material in its sulfuric acid
process; it is a partial substitution of raw materials. There will be no sul-
furic acid production capacity increase, no new manufactured product, and no
new effluents, emissions or solid wastes. Status decision: September 2, 1977
not regulated, not an expansion or extension of a nonconforming use as de-
fined in Board-approved regulations.
Project No. 91 -- Getty Refining and Marketing Company at Delaware City.
Status application: September 19, 1977. Project: To recover Aromatics-lSO
from an existing refinery petroleum stream using less than one acre of
space within an existing processing and tank farm area. There will be no
overall refinery production capacity increase. There will be a small hydro-
carbon emissions increase from tanks but no significant adverse environmental
effects. Status decision: November 8, 1977, not regulated, not an expansion
or extension of a nonconforming use.
Project No. 92 -- Getty Refining and Marketing Company at Delaware City.
Status decision: September 27, 1977. Project: To install a Wellman-Lord
stack gas scrubbing unit to reduce sulfur dioxide and particulate emissions
from boiler stack gases, there would be no effect on refinery production
capacity, the project is strictly a pollution control device, recovered
sulfur oxides would be converted to sulfuric acid. Status decision: November
8, 1977, not regulated, not an expansion or extension of a nonconforming use.
Project No. 93 -- ICI Americas, Inc. at Atlas Point north of New Castle.
Status application: November 23, 1977. Project: Modification of an existing
sorbitol processing facility to changeover from a liquid to a crystalline
sorbitol, there will be no net increase of total sorbitol production capacity,
air emissions will be controlled by a baghouse system. Status decision:
January 6, 1978, not regulated, not an expansion or extension of a noncon-
forming use.
Project No. 94 -- Townsends, Inc., near Millsboro. Status application:
December 13, 1977. Project: To construct a scale house for a grain receiving
station, not part of the soybean plant, not a plant expansion, no adverse
environmental effects. Status decision: January 6, 1978, not regulated, not
an expansion or extension of a nonconforming use.
Project No. 9S -- Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., at Delaware City.
Status application: February 2, 1978. Project: To replace two older boilers
with a new, larger boiler in order to i n c r ~ ~ s e steam generating capacity,
the older boilers to be put on standby capdcity, no increase of plant pro-
duction capacity, no adverse effect on air quality if use of all three boilers
does not exceed 110,000 pounds per hour limit of the DNREC boiler construction
permit. Status decision: March 3, 1978, not regulated, not an expansion or
extension of a nonconforming use.
Project No. 96 -- Getty Refining and Marketing Company at Delaware City. Status
application: March 2, 1978. Project: To separate and recover nitration grade
toluene from a refinery stream involving modification of an existing fraction-
ation tower and three new tanks within a one acre area, no additional toluene
produced (nitration grade toluene liquids have been proced at the refinery
as a small part of the stream going into gasoline blending), toluene emissions
to the atmosphere from the new tanks will be within DNREC Air Resources allowed
limits, no overall refinery production capacity increase. Status decision: May
24, 1978, not regulated, not an expansion or extension of a nonconforming use.
Project No. 97 -- Georgia Pacific Corporation at New Castle Industrial Park
south of Wilmington. Status application: March 30, 1978. Project: A ware-
house including an office, some repackaging of nails and plywood cutting inci-
dental to the primary warehousing function, includes two tanks for diesel fuel
and gasoline at a truck loading area, no significant environmental effects.
Status decision: June 12, 1978, not a new manufacturing use nor a heavy in-
dustry use, not regulated; this decision considered the cutting and packaging
operations as minor activities, incidental to the main warehousing function in
contrast to a prior status decision - Project No. 21 Ferralloy Corporation -
where the cutting and slitting of sheet steel was a major part of the operation
and involved most of the installed machinery.
Project No. 98 -- ICI Americas, Inc., at Atlas Point north of New Castle.
Status application: May 10, 1978. Project: Modification of a sulfonation pro-
duction facility in operation since 1951 resulting in a 65 percent production
capacity increase involving new equipment and rearranging of some existing
equipment including a new vacuum system to replace an existing jet stream sys-
tem; agricultural emulsifiers are produced by blending calcium dodecylbenzene
sulfonates with surfactants. Total air emissions of organic vapor, particulates,
and sulfur oxides from the modified facility to be less than emissions from the
curent facility. Contaminated wastewater from equipment washdowns are to be
processed in the Atlas Point treatment plant prior to going to the New Castle
County Sewerage system. No significant adverse environmental effects expected.
Status decision: June 23, 1978, not regulated, not an expansion or extension of
a nonconforming use. By itself a production capacity increase with no signifi-
cant environmental or land area increases does not necessarily justify a deter-
mination that a project is an expansion or extension.
*Project No 99 -- Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. at Delaware City. Status
application: June 13, 1978. Project: To install a duplicate distillation sys-
tem to increase distillation capacity by eliminating downtime enabling a chemi-
cal production capacity increase from 150 million to 250 million pounds per year
(to match present reactor capacity) - chlorinated benzenes are the product made.
The project involves 5 acres of an overall 17 acre plant site, 14 new tanks and
5 distillation columns, an electric power substation and a control room building.
Status decision: August 15, 1978, this is an expansion or extension of a non-
conforming use requiring application for a coastal zone permit; there would be
a significant increase of plant production capacity and a significant potential
for increased sulfur dioxide, benzene, possibly increased odors and a potential
to aggravate present wastewater iron content treatment problems. Permit appli-
cation: November 28, 1978, public hearing December 19, 1978. Permit decision:
The February 2, 1979 decision to grant a permit attached a number of stipu-
lations to ensure compliance with State air and water pollution regulations. At
Projects with an asterisk require a permit.
the request of Standard Chlorine, the Director of the Office of Management,
Budget and Planning reconsidered his permit decision as to the practicality
of implementing some of the permit conditions. ~ revised his permit decision
on February 26. 1979 by adding language about the permit conditions so that
in the event of conflict between compliance with the Coastal Zone permit
conditions and any DNREC standard or regulation the DNREC requirement would
apply. There was no appeal from either permit decision. Permit issued:
March 13. 1979 with numerous stipulations to ensure compliance with DNREC
air and water quality requirements in connection with this project.
Project No. 100 -- Getty Refining and Marketing Company at Delaware City.
Status application: June 21, 1978. Project: Petroleum tank storage capacity
for crude oil and for intermediate or finished petroleum products to be
increased by 800,000 barrels with two new equal-sized storage tanks within
Getty's existing tank farm. The project involved no crude oil refining
capacity increase. DNREC advised that negative environmental effects would
not be significant, that the new tanks would comply with air quality reg-
ulations, that increased hydrocarbon emissions from the two new tanks would be
offset by new emissions control equipment to be installed at Getty's truck
loading facility resulting in a net reduction of hydrocarbon emissions. and
that a slight increase in liquid waste discharged to the refinery wastewater
treatment plant would have no serious environmental effect. Status decision:
August 11, 1978, not regulated, not an expansion or extension of a non-
Project No. 101 -- Dravo Corporation at Wilmington. Status application:
September 25. 1978, made by Dravo Corporation on behalf of F. A. Potts and
Company, Inc., the site owner. Project: Coal storage and transfer terminal
on south shore of Christina River immediately west of the Wilmington Marine
Terminal. Metallurgical and steam coal would be brought to the site by
railroad, temporarily stored in large piles onsite, then loaded by a conveyor
system onto ships docked in the Christina River for ocean transport; in
winter there would be some crushing of the coal because it would be frozen.
For status decision purposes two aspects of this project are pertinent:
(1) the docking facilities, possibly prohibited as an onshore bulk product
transfer facility, and (2) the crushing operation as a possible manufacturing
use requiring a permit. Status decision: June 13. 1979. (1) the docking
facilities are part of the Port of Wilmington and are therefore exempt from
prohibition under the exemption in the law for the Port docking facilities;
(2) coal crushing would be a seasonal and minor incidental part of the ter-
minal operations and would not be a manufacturing use. The status decision.
for these reasons, was that the proposed coal terminal is not regulated by
Project No. 102 -- ICI Americas, Inc., at Atlas Point north of New Castle.
Status application: October 17, 1978. Project: Modification of a sorbitol
production facility to increase production capacity. Sorbitol is an edible,
non-toxic product, it is a sweetener. A new collection and grinding system
for crystalline sorbitol to be within an existing building and a sorbitol
crystallization system in an existing building. The project requires less
than one acre of new space within a total processing area of approximately
70 acres. No significant environmental effects; particulate emissions to be
minor, no liquid wastes, and all solid wastes would be recylcled through
the production system. Status decision: December 15, 1978, not regulated,
not an expansion or extension of a nonconforming use.
*Project No. 103 -- Brandywine Chemical Company, Inc. Status application:
October 30. 1978. Brandywine Chemical, located at Terminal Avenue west of
the Wilmington Marine Terminal, is a small specialty chemical manufacturer
operating by a batch process rather than a continuous-run production process.
Project: To renovate facilities and start-up production of specialty·
chemicals, no new buildings or facilities and no additional land area re-
quired. Legal advisory: A permit for new manufacturing should be required,
unless the OMBP decides it is a heavy industry use. Any permit should be
worded to allow batch-type operations but not to cover operations not de-
scribed in the application. Status decision: March 20, 1979. This is a
manufacturing use requiring a coastal zone permit; it is not a heavy industry
use; it has only a few of the identifying heavy industry characteristics
and occupies a site of considerably less than 20 acres. Appeal: On April
2, 1979 Brandywine Chemical filed an appeal with the State Coastal Zone In-
dustrial Control Board claiming that it has nonconforming use status and
that a permit for new manufacturing should not be required. On May 7, 1979 the
Board held its appeal hearing at the Carvel State Office Building in Wil-
mington. Principal appeal questions to be decided are: (1) was there a
cessation of manufacturing operations during Brandywine Chemical's occupancy
of the site - since December 21, 1977; (2) if there was a cessation is the
nonconforming use status thereby eliminated? The status decision was based
on a cessation of manufacturing operations eliminating the nonconforming use
status. The appellant claimed that: (1) due to the nature of specialty
chemical manufacturing with frequently changing market demands there were
times when no manufacturing operations were conducted at the site but that
there was no "abandonment" of operations and facilities; (2) Brandywine's
processes, equipment and raw materials are very similar to those of previous
specialty chemical occupants of the site; and (3) Brandywine will install no
equipment different from its predecessors. Prior to the Board's appeal
decision an agreement was reached between the parties to the appeal resulting
in a Board order declaring the appeal moot and dismissed without prejudice.
Upon legal advice the Board did not advertise its order as a final decision.
A legal stipulation agreed-to stated that: (1) the Director of the OMBP
withdrew without prejudice that part of the status decision which said that
Brandywine Chemical's operations did not have nonconforming use status; (2)
Brandywine Chemical agreed the appeal was moot and should be dismissed by
the Board without prejudice; and (3) Brandywine Chemical agreed to apply
for a coastal zone permit. Permit application: on May 29, 1979 Brandywine
Chemical applied for a permit. The permit application public hearing was
held in Wilmington on July 10, 1979. On July 18, 1979 a permit was granted
with several conditions specific to Brandywine Chemical's specialty
chemical manufacturing operations: (1) any new operating parameters and/or
expansion of the product operation capacity identified in the permit re-
quires prior notice to the Director of theOMBP*; and (2) any operations change
and/or production capacity increase which requires a change to any federal
or state pollution control permit or change in local wastewater discharge
approval requires prior notice to the OMBP Director. The permit was issued
on August 3, 1979. (* Since November 1, 1981 the Secretary of the DNREC)
Project No. 104 -- The United States Asphalt Company. Status application:
February 28, 1979. Project: U.S. Asphalt Company proposes to purchase the
site at EdgeMoor previously used for asphalt roofing manufacturing by
Del Val Asphalt and Artie Roofing. U.S. Asphalt would produce saturated
felt and packaged asphalt (roofing material), with the same production
capacities as the prior site occupants, claiming nonconforming use status.
Status decision: April 17, 1979, U.S. Asphalt must apply for a coastal zone
permit as a new manufacturing use. No permit application was filed, the
site was purchased by IKO Industries, LTD for asphalt roofing manufacturing
(see Project No. 106).
kProject No. 105 -- Delaware Solid Waste Authority. Status application:
February 28, 1979. Project: The Solid Waste Authority proposes the Delaware
Reclamation Project to burn refuse from the Pigeon Point solid waste re-
clamation plant in order to generate steam to produce electric power for
use at the reclamation plant and to sell low pressure steam to nearby
industries. Status decision: April 3, 1979. A permit for a new manufacturing
use is required, the project does not have the characteristics of a heavy
industry use. Permit application: December 5, 1979. Permit application
hearing: February 11, 1980 'at Wilmington. At the hearing the Solid Waste
Authority's representatives pointed out several advantages of the project:
(1) it will reduce the volume of solid waste going to the landfill and
extend the useful life of the landfill, and (2) it will generate energy
from solid waste thereby saving fuel oil and avoiding emissions to the
air from burning fuel oil, although fuel oil would be a supplemental fuel.
There would be the possible use of coal as a supplemental fuel necessitating
onsite coal storage. Wastewater from the plant would go into the New Castle
County sewerage system. Permit decision: On March 4, 1980 a permit was
granted for the steam electric generating facility with two conditions:
(1) if there are significant deviations from the plan reviewed and approved
by the OMBP for this permit the Director must be so notified, and (2)
if coal is used as a supplemental fuel the OMBP Director must be notified.
The permit was issued on March 19, 1980.
Project No. 106 -- IKO Industries, LTD at EdgeMoor. Status application:
March 1, 1979. Project: Proposed manufacturing of asphalt roofing shingles
at the site formerly occupied by Del Val Asphalt and Artic Roofing. Status
decision: April 24, 1979. A new manufacturing use in the coastal zone re-
quiring a permit. Appeal: May 1, 1979. In its appeal IKO Industries claims
it has nonconforming use status inherited, so to speak, from the Artic
Roofing asphalt manufacturing operation& IKO further claims that there has
been no "abandonment" of the nonconforming use of the site even though
actual production ceased when Artic Roofing shut down its plant. Prior to
any Board hearing or action on the appeal IKO Industries, represented
by its attorney, and the Director of the Office of Management, Budget and
Planning reached a written agreement as follows: (1) the IKO plant at
EdgeMoor can cleanup the site, renovate the manufacturing plant, and conduct
trial run operations as a nonconforming use without a permit; (2) within 6
months of commencement of asphalt production IKO will apply for a permit;
(3) IKO must keep the Director of the OMBP informed of plant renovation pro-
gress. On the basis of this agreement the appeal was withdrawn with no
decision by the State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board. IKO commenced
production of asphalt roofing on May 25, 1981 and notified the OMBP that
a coastal zone permit application was being prepared.
Project No. 107 -- Townsends, Inc. near Millsboro. Status application:
March 27, 1979. Project: Townsends proposes a soybean meal enrichment
process to add hydrated soybean lecithin to soybean animal feed. There
would be no increase of overall soybean meal processing capacity. The project
involves a new small building added to the soybean extraction site. No adverse
environmental effects are expected. Status decision: April 25, 1979, the pro-
ject is not an expansion or extension of a nonconforming use and is not regu-
lated by the Coastal Zone Act.
*Project No. 108 -- SunOlin Chemical Company at Claymont. Status application:
May 22, 1979. Project: SunOlin proposes to install a carbon dioxide recovery-
purification-liquification plant to produce food grade liquid carbon dioxide
by liquifying CO
now vented to the atmosphere. The project will occupy about
one-quarter acre. There will be a slight production capacity increase
but no significant adverse environmental effect. In fact, carbon dioxide
emissions and some impurities emissions would be reduced. Status decision:
July 13, 1979. This is a new manufacturing use, there would be a new product.
Permit application: July 19, 1979. Permit application hearing: August 10,
1979 in Wilmington. Permit decision: August 17, 1979, a permit was granted,
it was issued to SunOlin on September 4, 1979.
Project No. 109 -- Diamond Shamrock Corporation, Delaware City. Status appli-
cation: June 1, 1979. Project: Diamond Shamrock's request for a status de-
cision involves three alternative means to transport vinyl chloride monomer
(VCM) to the plant site north of Delaware City. Each alternative would involve
a pipeline to carry the VCM from the docking facillty to the Diamond Shamrock
plant. Alternative No.1: Use Getty's Pier #3 at Delaware City to off-load
VCM from an ocean-going vessel, then build pipeline from that pier to the
Diamond Shamrock plant north of the Getty refinery. Alternative No.2: Build
new facilities at the Diamond Shamrock plant by extending a pier and by dredg-
ing a channel from the Getty piers to the Diamond Shamrock pier; dredged ma-
terial would be disposed of on the Getty property. Alternative No.3: Up-
grade the Diamond Shamrock pier so that barges of vinyl chloride monomer
from Paulsboro, New Jersey could be docked. The VCM would have to be shipped
from the Gulf Coast to Paulsboro prior to barging to the Delaware City Dia-
mond Shamrock plant. Additional storage tanks would be required for the
third alternative. Status decision: July 18, 1979. Alternative No.1: Use
by Diamond Shamrock of Getty Pier #3 would eliminate the exemption of that
pier (bulk product transfer facility) from prohibition. Alternative No.2:
Extend the Diamond Shamrock pier and dredge an access channel to it would not
be regulated provided that only Diamond Shamrock would use the pier. Alter-
native No.3: Improve the Diamond Shamrock pier without any dredging to re-
ceive barges from Paulsboro, New Jersey would not be regulated provided that
only Diamond Shamrock would use the pier. The first alternative was not fea-
sible for Dimaond Shamrock because Getty refused to allow use of its pier.
Whether or not Diamond Shamrock improved its own pier is u ~ ~ n o w n .
Project No. 110 -- Getty Pipeline Incorporated, Delaware City. Status appli-
cation: June 6, 1979. Project: Getty proposes a 19.7 mile 16 inch pipeline
to transport gasoline and #2 fuel oil form its Delaware City refinery to an
existing petroleum pipeline in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. For most of the
pipeline length road and railroad rights-of-way would be used. Pipeline
through-put would be 30,000 barrels per day. The pipeline would replace
barge transport of refined petroleum products from the refinery at Delaware
City to the New York City area. Status decision: July 13, 1979. The
pipeline is not regulated by the Coastal Zone Act. There will be no
increase of refinery production capacity, no expansion of a
nonconforming use, and no new heavy industry use. Although the Coastal Zone
Act does not apply, the pipeline would be regulated by the National Pipeline
Safety Act and by the Army Corps of Engineers for stream crossings and by
the Wetlands Section of DNREC for stream crossings and any use of wetlands.
Project No. 111 -- Delaware Terminal Company. Status application: June 15,
1979. Project: Delaware Terminal Company, a subsidiary of Gulf Interstate
Company, proposes construction of five storage tanks for #2 fuel oil and
gasoline at its tank farm adjacent to the Wilmington Marine Terminal. Petro-
leum products would be delivered to the tank farm by a 10 inch pipeline from
the Marine Terminal's petroleum pier on the Christina River. This is a
storage facility, not a refinery. The new tanks would utilize about 5 acres.
Status decision: July 18, 1979. The five new storage tanks are not regulated
by the Coastal Zone Act, they are not part of a prohibited bulk product
transfer facility. All piers and docking facilities of the Marine Terminal
are exempt from this prohibition, and tank farms used entirely for storage
and not part of a heavy industry or manufacturing use are not regulated by
Project No. 112 - Helix Associates, Inc. Status application: September
17, 1979. Project: Helix Associates proposes to move its specialty chemicals
manufacturing plant from Newark, Delaware, to the New Castle Industrial
Park off Lambsons Lane near Pigeon Point. Helix is a specialty chemical
manufacturer making such products as biochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and re-
agents. Products to be made in the new plant would be drilling mud
additives, a synthetic vitamin, and a gas well desulferizer. Status de-
cision: The status decision of January 22, 1980 was that the new plant in
the coastal zone would not be a prohibited heavy industry use but that
it would be a new manufacturing use requiring a permit. The new plant
would have most of the physical equipment characteristics of a heavy in-
dustry use but the site would be much less than twenty acres and there
would be no significant negative environmental effects, in fact by re-
using scrap plastic there would be a positive effect. No permit application
was filed, Helix decided to located outside of the coastal zone.
Project No. 113 -- Diamond Shamrock Corporation. Status application: October
29, 1979. Project: Diamond Shamrock proposes to install a 500,000 gallon
surge tank in its mercury wastewater treatment system at its chemical plant
near Delaware City. The project would be entirely for pollution control
purposes; there would be no increase in wastewater discharge flow. Status
decision: November 8, 1979. The surgQ tank is not regulated by the
Coastal Zone Act. The Act does not regulate industrial projects purely
of a pollution-control nature.
Project No. 114 -- The Arundel Corporation. Status application: November
7, 1979. Project: The project involves The Arundel Corporation taking fly
ash and bottom ash from the Delmarva Power and Light Company power plant at
Indian ~ i v e r in Sussex County for separation of marketable and unmarketable
ash particles. Most of the ash would be fly ash which would be transported
to an Arundel terminal for air separation by particle sizes. Arundel will
sell the marketable fly ash and dispose of the remainder in a DP&L Landfill.
Bottom ash would be gravity separated with marketable pieces to be sold by
Arundel as fill and construction aggregate and large unmarketable pieces
to go to a disposal site. All unmarketable ash would remain the property
of Delmarva Power and Light Company. No coal crushing is involved in the
ash separation process. Status decision: December 20, 1979. The coal ash
separation land use is not regulated. It is not a manufacturing use because
there would be no "transformation of a substance". That is, pneumatic and
gravity separation and transportation of ash particles, with no crushing, does
not meet the law's definition of manufacturing.
*Project No. 115 -- Trimark Publishing Company, Inc. Status application:
November 19, 1979. Project: Trimark proposes to build and operate a commercial
printing plant at the Hares Corner Industrial Park near Hares Corner, Route
13, in New Castle County. Status decision: December 14, 1979. Commercial
printing is a manufacturing use and requires a permit. Permit application:
January 3, 1980. The required public hearing was held in Wilmington on
February 19, 1980. Permit decision: March 7, 1980. A permit was granted
to Trimark Publishing for commercial printing.
*Project No. 116 -- Delmarva Power and Light Company. Status application:
December 4, 1979. Project: Delmarva Power and Light Company proposes to
convert two of its power generating units at the EdgeMoor power plant from
fuel oil to coal burning. Power generating capacity would not increase.
There would be some increase of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions.
Increased eoal ash disposal would occur at Cherry Island. DP&L claimed non-
conforming use status for the power generating units at EdgeMoor. Prior to
enactment of the Coastal Zone Act in June 1971 these units burned coal and
then were converted to fuel oil in late 1971. In 1975 the f e d e r a ~ govern-
ment ordered DP&L to convert units 3 and 4 back to coal burning. A deputy
attorney general's legal opinion advised that conversion of the two generating
units to coal would be an expansion/extension of a permitted use requiring
a permit for new manufacturing. In 1971 when DP&L's power units converted
from coal to fuel oil the nonconforming grandfather rights expired. A per-
mit is required for the fuel conversion of units 3 and 4 as an expansion/
extension of a manufacturing use. There will be new equipment including an
electrostatic precipitator to control air emissions, land use area would in-
:rease substantially due to coal ash disposal needs, and envtronmental effects
from ash disposal dust, coal pile runoff, increased nitrogen oxide and sulfur
dioxide emissions and from reduced capacity at Cherry Island for dredged spoil
disposal due to DP&L coal ash disposal at that site coal would be significant.
Permit application: September 30, 1980. Permit public hearing: November 5,
1980 in Wilmington. Permit decision: November 18, 1980. A permit was granted
to the DP&L Company to convert units 3 and 4 to coal burning.
Project No. 117 -- Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Status application:
January 17, 1980. Project: Standard Chlorine proposes to install equipment
to convert liquid paradichlorobenzene to a solid crystal form. Overall
plant capacity to produce chlorinated benzene products will not increase but
capacity for conversion from liquid to solid form will increase. Due to
likely increased emissions from crystal production an amendment to the
Company's Air Resources permit would be required. Status decision: March
12, 1980. The project is not regulated by the Act, there would be no overall
production capacity increase and no new product made. Environmental effects
would be within acceptable limits.
Project No. 118 -- All American Engineering Company. Status application:
January 22, 1980. Project: The company proposes to move its operations from
the old Dravo Shipyard in Wilmington of the coastal zone) to the Hares
Corner Industrial Park (in the coastal zone). All American Engineering makes
machining and metal fabricating tools. Minor coating, painting, and electro-
plating are involved. Status decision: January 24, 1980. This is a new
manufacturing use in the coastal zone requiring a permit. No permit application
was filed, the Company changed its plans and moved to a new site in Delaware
outside of the coastal zone.
Project No. 119 -- Allied Chemical Corporation, Delaware Valley Works.
application: February 15, 1980. Project: Allied Chemical proposes
to melt dry sulfur using indirect steam heat to make molten sulfur for use
in producing sulfuric acid. There will be no stockpiling of dry sulfur.
Overall capacity to produce sulfuric acid would not increase. Status decision:
March 24, 1980. The project is not regulated by the Coastal Zone Act, there
would be no new or expanded manufacturing use and no significant environmental
*Project No. 120 Betts Pond Realty, Inc. (Inter-Continental Biologics, Inc.)
Status application: May 16, 1980. Project: Testing and production of vet-
erinary vaccines for poultry diseases and a swine vaccine would comprise the
operations of Betts Pond Realty at a site in Millsboro. The applicant claimed
that biological production of vaccine is not a manufacturing use because there
would be no "mechanical or chemical" transformation of substances into a new
product. An advisory legal opinion was requested on this question. The
advisory opinion referred to the federal Standard Industrial Classification
of vaccine as manufacturing and concluded that the language in the law's de-
finition of manufacturing should not be construed so as to exclude vaccine
production as a manufacturing use. Status decision: June 4, 1980. An appli-
for a permit for new manufacturing is required. Permit application:
June 13, 1980. Permit decision: June 27, 1980 a permit was granted to Betts
Pond Realty Company.
Project No. 121 -- Christina Service Company. Status application: June 23,
1980. Project: At Lambson Lane south of the Wilmington Marine Temrinal
Christina Service Company proposes co construct a warehouse for cars and
trucks. The company repairs minor damage and re-paints cars and trucks
prior to shipment to overseas markets, it is a stevedoring company. decision: July 8, 1980. The warehouse operation is not something reguLated
by the Coastal Zone Act.
Project No.122 -- White Chemical Corporation. Status application: July 31,
1980. Project: White Chemical manufactures specialty chemicals including
flame retardants, acid chlorides, and bromides. It planned to move
from Bayonne, New Jersey to a site either at EdgeMoor or near the Wilmington
Marine Terminal, both potential sites located in Delaware's coastal zone.
There would be possible outdoor storage of chemicals in drums. Status
decision: October 7, 1980. The status decision was that this would be a new
use requiring a permit; it would not have the characteristics
of a (prohibited) heavy industry use. The Conpany never moved to Delaware.
Project No. 123 -- Getty Refining and Marketing Company. Status application:
July 31, 1980. Project: A new plant to produce methanol would be constructed
as part of Getty's Delaware City petroleum refinery. The project would change
the refinery product mix but would not increase overall refinery crude oil
processing capacity. Feed materials for the methanol would be existing
aesulfurized refinery streams. There would be a methanol pipeline from the
product tank farm to Pier #3 within the present pipeline corridor. The methanol
would be shipped-out by barge and to a lesser extent by tank truck and rail-
road tank cars. Status decision: November 18, 1980. The methanol plant is
not an expansion or extension of a heavy industry use and is not a new manu-
facturing use, it is not regulated by the Act. Appeal: December 1, 1980.
Three environmental organizations: Watch Out Waterways, Delaware Audubon
Society, and Save Our Seashores appealed this decision to the State Coastal
Zone Industrial Control Board. The appeal hearing was held in Dover on
January 7, 1981. An advisory LegaLopinion of March 6, 1979 was made part
of the hearing record. This opinion said that the word "manufacturing" in
the Zone Act encompasses both heavy industry uses and manufacturing,
that if an expansion project is itself a heavy industry use it is prohibited,
and that any expansion of a facility which pre-dates the Coastal Zone Act is
treated exactly as a new project would be treated. The Board's appeal decision
of January 27, 1981 was in two parts stating that: (1) the appellants had
standing to appeal (Getty had challenged their standing); and (2) the status
decision that the methanol plant is not regulated was upheld by a 5-2 vote
with the dissenting Board members voting to remand the project to the Director
of the Office of Management, Budget and Planning for him to decide whether
or not a permit would be necessary for an expansion or extension of a non-
conforming use. There were no further appeals. No permit was required.
Project No. 124 -- Allied Chemical Corporation - Delaware Valley Works.
Status application: September 4, 1980. Project: Allied Chemical at its
Claymont plant proposes a magnesium oxide regeneration facility to be located
on 2.5 acres within an existing sulfuric acid plant. Solid magnesium oxide
would be made from magnesium sulfite for use in sulfur dioxide scrubber systems
at electric power plant in the Delaware Valley. Byproduct sulfur dioxide gas
would be used in Allied Chemical's sulfur dioxide production process. A
Prevention of Significant (air quality) Deterioration decision by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency would be necessary. Also, a variance of county
wastewater discharge limits would be to allow concentrations of
dissolved and suspended inorganic solids exceeding the limits. Status de-
cision: December 3, 1980. The magnesium oxide facility is not regulated by
the Coastal Zone Act. It would not be a new manufacturing use and not an
expansion or extension of a nonconforming heavy industry use.
project No. 125 -- American Hoechst Corporation - Film Division. Status
application: October 7, 1980. At its chemical plant north of Delaware
City, American Hoechst proposes to build a warehouse to store PVC film,
no manufacturing is involved. Status decision: October 23, 1980. Ware-
housing is not regulated by the Coastal Zone Act.
Project No. 126 -- Townsend Farms. Status application: January 19, 1981.
At its plant near Millsboro, Townsend Farms proposes to replace an old
mill with a new mill to grind grain for chicken feed. There would be a
baghouse with filters to control grain dust. No additional milling pro-
duction capacity is involved. Status decision: February 25, 1981. The new
grain mill is not regulated by the Act, it simply replaces an existing
mill and does not change any milling capacity.
Project No. 127 -- Dunn Development Company. Status application: May 27, 1981.
Project: Dunn Development Company of Annapolis, Maryland, proposes to improve
and operate a bulk product transfer facility at an existing bulk product trans-
fer site on 63.5 acres at Lewes Harbor. Possible bulk products to be trans-
ferred include liquid nitrogen fertilizer, potash, fishmeal, dry fertilizer,
and, most likely, coal. An existing pier, in poor condition, would have to
be improved. No specific coal transfer plans were presented. Status decision:
September 16, 1981. The decision by the Acting Director of the Office of
Management, Budget and Planning was that: (1) the bulk product transfer fa-
cility is a nonconforming use, that bulk product transfer operations were on-
going prior to enactment of the Coastal Zone law; (2) the existing pier may be
restored to a usable condition but no new or enlarged pier may be built;
(3) no expansion or extension of the facility is allowed but Dunn Development
may operate the facility provided that the "character of the facility" as
it existed in June 1971 (time of enactment of the Act) cannot be substantially
changed; (4) the site may be used for manufacturing provided that a Coastal
Zone permit is obtained. Appeals: September 23, 1981 and September 30, 1981.
Two appeals from this status decision were filed: On September 23rd by the
Pilot Point Condominium Council, an association of homeowners, and on
September 30th by Port Lewes Limited Partnership, a subsidiary of the Dunn
Development Company. The basis for Dunn Development Company's appeal was
its contention that the language of the status decision referring to no
substantial change of character of the facility (as it was in June 1971)
was not in accordance with the law. Dunn particularly objected to the de-
cision reference to "basic design and configuration" (of the facility) not
being changed. The basis for the Pilot Point Condominium Council appeal
was its contention that the status decislonshould have been more restrictive,
that any coal transfer operation should have been expressly prohibited as an
expansion or extension of a bulk product transfer facility, and that only
those transfer facilities in use in June 1971 should be used for future
bulk product transfer operations. The Board's appeal hearing was held in
Lewes at the College of Marine Studies on November 18, 1981. Appeal decision:
November 23, 1981. The appeal decision upheld the status decision by the
Acting Director of the OMBP, that is: (1) there can be no substantial change
of character of the facility including the pier from the design and con-
figuration that existed in June 1971; and (2) future use of the Lewes facility
is limited to uses in kind and quantity which could have used the facility
as it existed in June 1971. The Board said that the intent of the Act is
to prohibit new bulk product transfer facilities and to gradually eliminate
existing nonconforming facilities through attrition. The Board affirmed
the Acting Director's authority to require detailed plans from Dunn Develop-
ment Company for any proposed coal transfer facility so that a status de-
cision on a specific project can be made as to whether or not it would be
allowed. Concerning the appeal by the Pilot Point Condominium Council.
the Board said that the Acting Director was correct in not specifically
prohibiting the bulk transfer of coal (prior to detailed, project-specific
plans) and that he was correct in not specifying that only those transfer
facilities in active use in June 1971 could be used for future bulk cargo
transfer. The Board's appeal decision was by a 6 to °vote. There was no
appeal of the Board's appeal decision. (See Project No.138).
Project No. 128 -- Delmarva Energy Resources, Inc. Status application:
June 3, 1981. Project: This is a proposal to drill a geothermal well at
Lewes at the entrance of Cape Henlopen State Park to extract hot water from
a deep well to be piped to the nearby Barcroft Company plant. An EPA permit
is required for any underground injection and state permits for the well and
for any discharge of geothermal fluids to surface waters would be required.
Status decision: July 8, 1981. This is simply a natural source of hot water
energy for a manufacturing company, in itself it is not a regulated heavy
industry or manufacturing use. The well was never drilled.
Project No. 129 -- National Bulk Carriers, Inc. Status application: June
24, 1981. Project: It is proposed to conduct a bulk product transfer
operation at Big Stone Anchorage in lower Delaware Bay. A large (150,000
deadweight tons) bulk cargo ship would be anchored in the Bay to serve as a
floating coal storage facility. Barges from Philadelphia and other nearby
ports would load coal into the storage ship. Large coal carriers partly
loaded with coal would tie-up to the coal storage ship on a regular basis.
By a conveyor system, coal would be transferred from the storage ship to the
collier. When fully loaded the collier would depart for overseas ports. The
storage ship would avoid the necessity to schedule meetings of the barges with
the overseas carriers. The deepwater Big Stone Anchorage has been used for
incoming crude oil lightering (transfer) operations since the 1950's. It
offers the advantages of natural deep water exceeding water depths of all
East Coast ports south of New England with no costly dredging necessary and being
convenient to northern Appalachian coal fields in Pennsylvania, Virginia,
West Virginia, and Kentucky. An advisory legal opinion was requested to
answer questions whether or not this wow.d be a prohibited offshore bulk
product transfer facility. The legal opinion of June 24, 1981 was that the
proposed National Bulk Carrier's (Universal Tankshops) coal transfer would
not meet the definition of offshore bulk product transfer facility because
the entire operation, within Delaware, would be from ship to ship with no
transfer between an onshore facility and a ship. No Delaware onshore facility
would be involved. Status decision: July 1, 1981. The proposed Delaware Bay
coal transfer operation is not regulated by the Coastal Zone Act, it would
not be a prohibited offshore bulk product transfer facility as defined in
Project No. 130 -- Getty Refining and Marketing Company. Status application:
July 29, 1981. Project: Getty proposes a Continuous Catalyst Regeneration
(CCR) Platforming Unit at its Delaware City refinery to increase its gasoline
octane rating. Within its present operating area approximately three acres
would be needed. There would be no increase of refinery production (measured
by the output capacity of its Crude Unit). Cooling water usage would be re-
duced; wastewater discharges would be within present state-permitted limits.
Status decision: November 2, 1981. This is not an expansion or extension of
a nonconforming heavy industry use; it is not regulated by the Coastal Zone
Project No. 131 -- City of Wilmington. Status application: August 6, 1981-
Project: A coal port for the export of 5 to 10 million tons per year of U.S.
coal involving railroad car delivery, on-site storage, a conveyor for ship
loading and a new pier and trestle at a site near Pigeon Point south of the
present Wilmington Marine Terminal is proposed. Part of the storage area and
railway would extend beyond city limits southward to near the approach to the
Delaware Memorial Bridge. A private company will operate the facility,
leasing the land from the City. The City's attorney argued that the entire
facility is exempt from Coastal Zone Act regulations as an offshore bulk
product transfer facility, that the exemption in Section 7002(f) of the law
for the Port of Wilmington is not limited to the city boundaries. He suggested
a legal agreement between the City and the Department of Natural Resources
'lnd Environmental Control that would extend the "Port of Wilmington" beyond
C:ity limits south to the Memorial Bridge and inland to the 0.982) extent of land
zoned for manufacturing southwest of the Marine Terminal. No agreement
was reached. The subject became moot when the private company decided not
to go ahead with the project after engineering studies of subsoil conditions
showed considerable soil instability which would be very costly to correct.
There was no status decision.
¥roject No. 132 -- Delmarva Power and Light Company. Status 'application:
September 1, 1981. Project: DP&L plans to install reboi1ers for steam at
its EdgeMoor power plant. There would be two reboi1er units for low pressure
steam to be piped to the Dupont titanium dioxide plant at EdgeMoor north of
The power plant. No power generating capacity increase is involved. Non-
sanitary wastewater from metal cleaning would be within State permit limits.
Status decision: January 15, 1982. The project is not regulated by the Act,
it is not an expansion or extension of a nonconforming use.
Project No. 133 -- TKO Manufacturing, Inc. and Delaware Asphalt Products, Inc.
Permit application: September 10, 1981. Project: This project is related to
project number 106 which involved an appeal by IKO Industries of a status de-
cision requiring a permit for a manufacturing plant to make asphalt roofing
shingles and fiberglass mat material at the site of the old Artic Roofing
plant at EdgeMoor north of Wilmington. Before the State Coastal Zone In-
dustrial Control Board made its appeal decision a written agreement between
the Company and the Office of Management, Budget and Planning was reached
requiring IKO to apply for a coastal zone permit within six months of com-
mencement of asphalt roofing or fiberglass mat production; this permit appli-
fulfills that agreement stipulation. Permit decision: November 3, 1981.
permit was granted to IKO Manufacturing, Inc. and Delaware Asphalt Products,
Inc. for fiberglass mat production, increased asphalt roofing production and
storage capacity, new tank storage capacity, and improvements to asphalt
oxidizing and kegging facilities.
¥roject No. 134 -- Delaware Storage and Pipeline Company, Inc. Status
application: September 29, 1981. Project: At its jet fuel tank farm near
Port Mahon in Kent County the Company proposes to construct two new storage
tanks. Delaware Storage and Pipeline Company is a private contractor supplying
jet fuel to the Dover Air Force Base. The fuel is pumped from barges to a
pipeline at Port Mahon, then to the tank farm and then by two pipelines to
the Base southwest of the tank farm. Due to shoreline erosion the Port
Mahon pier is exposed to storm waves which sometimes prevent barge unloadings.
The lack of reserve storage capacity requires the company to truck jet fuel
to Dover from New Jersey when barge deliveries cannot be made. The new
storage tanks will eliminate the need for such truck deliveries. The new
will be within the tank farmed dited area to contain any leaks or
spills, and will require State Fire Marshal approval and Kent County approvaj
for a hazardous use. No new pier or pipeline is required. The new tanks will
occupy less than one acre of a 27 acre site. Status decision: December 1, 1981.
The new jet fuel storage tanks are not by the Coastal Zone No increase of jet fuel deliveries to the Air Base would result from the
two new tanks, the project simply increases on-site storage capacity to
avoid truck deliveries when barge deliveries cannot be made due to storm
conditions at Port Mahon.
*Project No. 135 -- Formosa Plastics Delaware. Status application:
September 29, 1981. Project: The applicant proposes to increase polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) production capacity at its chemical plant near Delaware City
from 180 million to 225 million pounds annually, a 42 percent increase.
There would also be increased PVC resin drying capacity, requiring a permit
from DNREC Air Resources section. Status decision: October 28, 1981. A
permit is required for an expansion-extension of a nonconforming use. Permit
application: January 6, 1982. A permit was requested for a new fluid bed
dryer to increase PVC resin drying capacity. Increased emissions of vinyl
chloride monomer emissions would be DNREC-regulated. Wastewater increase
would be within state permit limts. The permit application public hearing
was held in Wilmington on March 11, 1982. Permit decision: April 5, 1982.
A permit was granted.
Project No. 136 -- Townsends, Inc. Status application: November 6, 1981. Pro-
ject: Townsends proposes to construct a soybean oil storage tank within its
soybean processing plant near Millsboro. Status decision: November 11, 1981.
the project is not regulated by the Act, it is not an expansion-extension of
a nonconforming use, soybean production capacity would not increase.
kproject No. 137 -- Elias Artmetal Company. Status application: November 6,
1981. Project: Elias Artmetal is a small company which manufactures pewter-
ware. It proposes to move its operations from New York City to an existing
small industrial building at Lewes. Status decision: December 16, 1981. A
coastal zone permit for a new manufacturing use is required. Permit appli-
cation: January 13, 1982. The permit application was held in Lewes on
February 1, 1982. Permit decision: February 3, 1982. A permit was granted.
Project No. 138 -- Dunn Development Company, Inc. Status application:
December 29, 1981. Project: This project is a follow-up to Project No. 127
which was appealed to the State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board. The
company presented specific plans for new and renovated bulk product transfer
facilities at its site on Lewes Harbor. The plans described a proposal to
store and ship coal, liquid nitrogen fertilizer, and other bulk products
involving extended on-site railway tracks, a coal thaw shed, covered conveyors
to move the coal to and from storage piles, and a coal storage area of 2.5
acres. Status decision: April 14, 1982. The proposed facility for transfer
of coal and other bulk cargoes is prohibited. It would be a violation of
Section 7003 of the Coastal Zone Act prohibiting new offshore bulk product
transfer facilities. It would be a substantial change of character of the
offshore bulk product transfer facility existing in June 1971 when the Act
became law; the new facilities proposed by Dunn Development would enable
the Company to transfer bulk products which could not have been stored and
handled at this site in June 1971 and would be contrary to the status de-
cision of September 16, 1981 upheld by the State Coastal Zone Industrial
Control Board which prohibited any substantial change of character of the
facility as it was in June 1971. There was no appeal of this decision.
Dunn Development Company changed its plans and began construction of town-
houses on a part of the site proposed for the bulk product transfer fa-
cility; the remainder of the proposed site continues in the ownership of
Project No. 139 -- City of Wilmington, Department of Commerce. Status appli-
cation: February 5, 1982. Project: The City's Department of Commerce, which
manages the Marine Terminal, proposes a 220 acre area adjoining the Marine
Terminal along the Delaware River extending south to Pigeon Point for disposal
of dredged spoil. Additional land for disposal of spoil is essential to
continued operations of the Marine Terminal due to the recurring need for
dredging of the Christina River; all docking facilities are on the Christina.
A detailed environmental impact statement has been prepared by the Army
Corps of Engineers on this proposal. Status decision: February 18, 1982.
Disposal of dredged spoil is not an activity regulated by the Act. Any
future plans to expand terminal operations on this site would require a status
Project No. 140 -- Getty Refining and Marketing Company. Status application:
March 8, 1982. Project: At its Delaware City refinery, Getty proposes new
sulfur recovery facilities to back-up existing facilities and to allow re-
finery processing of higher sulfur crude oil. There will be a decrease of
S02 emissions. Refinery throughput capacity would not increase. Status
decision: April 15, 1982. The sulfur recovery unit is a pollution control
device, it is not regulated by the Coastal Zone Act.
Project No. 141 -- Coastal Supply Company, Inc. Status application: April
20, 1982. Project: Coastal Supply ryroposes a plant near Dagsboro to manu-
facture light industrial springs The plant would be leased to a company from
out-of-state for operations. Status decision: April 26, 1982. Application
for a Coastal Zone permit is required for a new manufacturing use. No permit
application was received. The manufacturer decided to locate at a site in
Sussex County outside of the coastal zone.
Project No. 142 -- Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. Status application: May 21,
1982. Project: Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. coats steel parts such as jet
engine parts with metallic (nickel, chromium, aluminum) powders to increase
heat resistance. The company proposes to move its operations from a Wilmington
site not tn the coastal zone to the Ludwig Honold property at EdgeMoor north
of the DP&L power plant in the coastal zone. Status decsion: July 2, 1982.
Diffusion coating of steel parts does not result in mechanical or chemical
transformation of a substance into a new product and is not a manufacturing
use. It does not have the characteristics of a heavy industry use. It is
not regulated by the Coastal Zone Act.
Project No. 143 -- Multichem, Inc. Status application: October 12, 1982.
Project: Multichem is a service industry for the disposal of infectious and
pathologic medical wastes from hospitals, labs, and clinics. The Company
proposes to operate an incinerator at a leased site in the Ludlow Industrial
Park at EdgeMoor. There would be temporary storage of the waste material
within a building prior to incineration. Environmental Control Air Resources
permits to construct and operate the incinerator are required. Ash from the
incinerator is non-hazardous and any disposal in Delaware requires a Solid
Waste permit. Status decision: December 23, 1982. This is not a manufacturing
or heavy industry use, there is no transformation into a new product. It
is not regulated by the Act.
Project No. 144 -- Fischer Enterprises, Inc. Status application: November
17, 1982. Project: In 1981 and 1982 Fischer Enterprises moved fourteen (14)
large storage tanks from adjoining properties to a site adjoining existing
tanks. There were no new tanks. Liquid nitrogen fertilizer has long been
stored at this site. Moving of the tanks was brought to the attention of the
Division of Environmental Control by a local private citizen who expressed con-
cern about a possible violation of the Coastal Zone Act. The Company was con-
tacted and agreed to request a status decision. When nothing further was
heard from Fischer Enterprises, a status application was prepared on the
Company's behalf by the Division. Status decision: December 15, 1982. Re-
location of the storage tanks is not regulated by the Coastal Zone Act.
There was no increase of overall bulk product storage capacity beyond that
existing in 1971 at the time of enactment of the Act; there was no sub-
stantial change of character of the facility. Appeal: December 29, 1982. The
Pilot Point Council of Owners, of Lewes, appealed this status decision to
the State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board. An appeal hearing by the
Board by scheduled for February 9, 1983 in Dover but was not held. The
appeal was formally withdrawn by the Pilot Point Association of Owners on
February 8th on the basis of an agreement with Fischer Enterprises, Inc.
to establish lines of communications to keep the Pilot Point Association
informed of Fischer's plans for future use of onsite storage tanks.
kProject No. 145 -- Glackin Industries, Inc. Glackin Industries proposes to
construct and operate a new manufacturing plant in the coastal zone at the
Airport Industrial Park east of Route 13 near New Castle for the production
of bedding products including box springs, mattress covers, and sleeping
bags. To expedite the Coastal Zone decision process Glackin Industries waived
its right to a status decision and applied for a coastal zone permit. Permit
application: January 3, 1983. The permit application public hearing was
held in Wilmington on February 15, 1983. Permit decision: February 28, 1983.
The Secretary granted a permit for a new manufacturing use.
Project No. 146 -- Getty Refining and Marketing Company. Status application:
February 1, 1983. Project: Getty proposes to modify the vacuum section of
its refinery Crude Unit and to modify its Fluid Coking Unit to enable the
processing of a higher percentage of heavy crude oils. The overall project
is termed the Refinery Upgrading Project. Heavy crude oil mayor may not
have a higher sulfur content than lighter crude. This project is related
to a new sulfur recovery unit (BSRU) and Scot Tail Gas Unit which are means
to control increased sulfur dioxide emissions from the modified Fluid Coking
Unit. The end result of all of these related new facilities would be an
improved capacity to handle increased S02 emissions from the modified Fluid
Coking Unit. Overall refinery processing capacity basedon its Crude Unit
capacity will not increase. In addition to increased sulfur dioxide
emissions there could be odor problems due to more hydrogen sulfide in the
wastewater discharge if higher sulfur content crude oil is processed.
In terms of Clean Air Act requirements the Refinery Upgrading Project con-
stitutes a "Major Modification" due to increased S02 emissions and will be
regulated by PSD (Prevention of Significant Deterioration) requirements
of that Act. As of the end of the period covered by this Report the project
was still under review by the Division of Environmental Control. Both EPA
and the State are dissatisfied with Getty's air quality model emission
values and are requiring revision of the model. Air quality effects will
be an important factor in the Coastal Zone status decision for the Refinery
Project No. 147 -- Formosa Plastics Corporation, Delaware. Status application:
February 18, 1983. Project: Formosa Plastics proposes a new compound plant
to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pellets from PVC resins at its chemical plant
near Delaware City. Additional facilities will include 13 silos, 3 extruders,
and 7 tanks. Compound plant maximum annual capacity will be 54 million pounds.
However, plant PVC resin production capacity will not increase, the project
will simply result in further processing of the PVC resin (into pellets).
There will be no additional load to the wastewater system and no solid waste
problem. PVC particulate emissions and residual vinyl chloride monomer will
be within allowed limits. Status decision: June 3, 1983. The compound plant
is not regulated by the Act, environmental effects will not be significant
and overall plant production capacity will not increase.
Project No. 148 -- Multichem Corporation. Status application: March 25, 1983.
Project: This project is a follow-up to Project No. 143. Within the Ludlow
Industrial Park at EdgeMoor, Multichem proposes a second incinerator for the
burning of infectious and pathologic medical wastes raising total on-site
incineration hourly capacity to up to 1500 pounds of waste. Some of the
pharmaceutical waste is listed as hazardous chemicals. Material which cannot
be incinerated including medical corrosive liquids will be collected and
consolidated for treatment at a commercial site which neutralizes acids or
at a solvent recovery facility. A small amount of this material which can-
not be treated or reclaimed will be shipped to an out-of-state landfill.
Status decision: July 21, 1983. The (second) incinerator is not regulated
by the Coastal Zone Act, it is not a heavy industry or manufacturing use.
The decision carefully noted that it does not apply to incineration or storage
of any hazardous waste. Air Resources permits are necessary for all industrial
size incinerators. To date the second incinerator had not been installed.
Project No. 149 -- Formosa Plastics Corporation. Status application: July
27, 1983. Project: This project is a modification of Formosa Plastic's Emul-
sion II plant to increase PVC emulsion resin yield per batch. Increased
production capacity would equal that existing prior to enactment of the Coastal
Zone Act until the mid-1970's when the Emulsion-I plant at Delaware City was
shut down. There will be no increase in the number of emulsion resin batches,
only in the number of solids in each batch. Plant acreage outside of the
current operating area would not increase. Status decision: October 6, 1983.
Modification of the Emulsion II plant is not regulated by the Act, however
any start-up of the Emulsion I plant will be cause for a reconsideration of
this status decision - overall emulsion resin production capacity cannot
exceed the 100 million pounds annually existing in 1971 when the Coastal
Zone Act became law. In the decision Formosa Plastics was required to
demonstrate to the Solid Waste Branch of the DNREC that spray drying in
connection with the modified Emulsion II plant will not produce dioxin
(as a hazardous waste).
Project No. 150 -- Barcroft Company. Status decision: August 3, 1983. Project:
Barcroft manufacturs alumina gel at a plant at Lewes. The project is to
install equipment in an existing building to produce a new type of alumina
gel. There would be a 12 per cent increase of plant production capacity.
No additional air emissions or solid wastes would result and wastewater
effluent characteristics would not change. Status decision: August 24, 1983.
The project is not regulated, it is not an expansion or extension of a non-
conforming use. Although production capacity would increase there would
be no change or increase of environmental effects and no increase of land use
Project No. 151 -- Citrus Coolstore , Inc. Status application: November 9, 1983.
Project: On a 3 acre site at the Wilmington Marine Terminal, Citrus Coolstore
proposes to construct a warehouse-like structure for the importation of orange
juice. The orange juice in concentrated form, with water and peel oil
removed, will be pumped from tank ships to indoor storage tanks. Some of the
orange juice will be shipped out in tank as received, some
will have water added, and some will have water and peel oil added. That
is, some of the orange juice concentrate will undergo a blending-mixing
operation. Except for the ship offloading and the truck loading all operations
would be indoors. Status decision: December 9, 1983. A permit application
was required for a new manufacturing use. The blending and mixing operations
constitute a transformation of an organic substance into a new product. At
the end of 1983 no permit application had yet been filed.
Project No. 152 Kiernan Petroleum Corporation. Status application: De-
cember 5, 1983. Project: At the Texaco site in Claymont, Kiernan Petroleum
proposes an oil terminal. The property is for sale by Texaco, which operated
an oil terminal- tank farm on the site for many years before and after enact-
ment of the Coastal Zone Act but ceased use of the on-site pier to bring in
refined petroleum products in May 1982. Some of the storage tanks require
or replacement and the pier is currently unusable. At the end of the
period covered by this report a status decision had not yet been made on
this project. Texaco retained ownership of the site. The decision will
involve whether or not the nonconforming use status of this offshore bulk
product transfer facility has expired due to the complete absence of transfer
operations and the unusable condition of the pier since May 1982. The law
no mention of nonconforming use expirations but a general principle
of common zoning law is to eliminate such uses if they are abandoned or
voluntarily cease operations for a long period of time.
END OF PERIOD COVERED BY THIS REPORT
ADVISORY LEGAL OPINIONS
Difficulties of interpreting the language and intent of the Coastal
Zone Act are a common part of the law's administration. Advisory legal
opinions were requested on a number of occasions during the six-and-one-
half years covered by this report. The opinions summarized and paraphrased
below are those of Department of Justice attorneys assigned to advise the
administrators of the law and the State Coastal Zone Industrial Control
Board. Only those opinions having general interest are summarized; opinions
applicable only to a particular decision, industrial site, or industrial or
bulk product transfer facility are omitted. The opinions are organized
July 6, 1977 and September 2, 1977 (supplemental opinion)
Question: Does the Coastal Zone Act prohibit or otherwise regulate pipelines?
Answer: It does in particular circumstances. If a bulk product pipeline
represents a significant danger of pollution to the coastal zone
and generates pressure for construction of industrial plants in
the zone, is attached to a regulated industrial facility in the
zone, and lies, at least partly, offshore the pipeline is prohibited.
The entire pipeline does not have to be in the coastal zone. If the
pipeline simply passes through the zone and is not attached to a
regulated facility in the zone it is not regulated by the Act.
Question: Does the exemption in Section 7002(f) of the Act apply to offshore
bulk product transfer facilities within Delaware territorial
waters, but on the New Jersey side of the Delaware River? The
exemption referred to is for a single industrial or manufacturing
Answer: Yes. That is, an industrial facility on the New Jersey side of
the River having an offshore bulk product transfer facility
extending into Delaware waters is regulated in the same way with
the same exemption as would such a facility totally within
Delaware. This question arose because north of Artificial Island
to the Pennsylvania--New Jersey boundary all of the Delaware
River to the mean low water mark on the New Jersey side is in
Delaware. A pier or dock extending into the River from the New
Jersey side comes under the authority of Delaware law.
Questions: What uses are encompassed by the term "nonconforming use" and
how shall they be treated in terms of expansion or extension?
Answers: A nonconforming use is a heavy industry use or bulk product
transfer facility which would otherwise be prohibited but which
was in lawful operation prior to and at the time of enactment of
the Coastal Zone Act, June 28, 1971. Expansion or extension of
such a use is treated in the same way as would be a use entirely
new since enactment of the law. If the proposed project is not
significant in terms of the definition of expansion or extension
it is not regulated; if it is significant it is a regulated
expansion or extension. If it is a heavy industry use expansion
or extension is prohibited; if it is a manufacturing use expansion
or extension requires a coastal zone permit.
Question: Can a use which existed prior to and at the time of enactment of
the Coastal Zone Act but which has since been discontinued for
a period of time be renewed under its nonconforming use status?
Answer: The use can be renewed provided that a coastal zone permit is
granted for the renewed use if it is manufacturing. If the
renewed use is an expansion or extension as defined it is treated
as a new use, and is prohibited if it is a heavy industry use.
Question: Is the production of a vaccine for poultry diseases by biological
means a regulated manufacturing use in view of the terms ".
mechanical or chemical transformation " in the law's
definition of manufacturing?
Answer: It is a regulated manufacturing use. The Standard Industrial
Classification used in Coastal Zone administration classifies
vaccine production as manufacturi9g. Mechanical or chemical
should not be construed so inflexibly as to exclude vaccine
production as manufacturing.
Question: Can a chemical company which is not a petrochemical manufacturer
locate in the coastal zone or is it a prohibited heavy industry
Answer: Not all chemical companies are included within the definition
of a heavy industry use, but the definition is not strictly
limited to petrochemical companies if the equipment and pollution
potential characteristics of a heavy industry use apply to a
Is a bulk cargo vessel-to-vessel transfer operation in Delaware
Bay not involving any port or on-shore terminal or transfer
facility in Delaware regulated by the Coastal Zone Act? The
transfer operation is solely between vessels in the coastal zone.
No, it is not regulated. There is no bulk product transfer
between a vessel and any onshore facility in Delaware.
August 6, 1981 (a series of questions were asked)
Question: What effect does involuntary shutdown of a nonconforming or
permitted use have on its right to continue operations in the
coastal zone?
Answer: The owners intention to abandon a use is a key factor in a
decision on termination of a use. Duration of the shutdown
is probably the most important consideration. Guidelines
for a decision on the voluntary or involuntary nature of a
shutdown include: expiration of business licenses; maintenance
of machinery and facilities; and presence of the owner or manager
Case-by-case decisions would have to be made.
Question: What is the effect of destruction of nonconforming use structures
on allowing a use to continue in the coastal zone?
Answer: There are no Delaware cases on this zoning issue.
In general, the ultimate extinguishment of nonconforming uses
is an objective of zoning ordinances. A rebuilding of completely
destroyed nonconforming structure or facility would be contrary
to this philosophy.
Rebuilding partially destroyed nonconforming use structures would
depend upon some standard for a decision. The Coastal Zone Act
provides no standard.
Question: Under what circumstances can there be expansion or extension of
nonconforming manufacturing uses?
Question: How can a manufacturing use, permitted by the Coastal Zone Act,
which pre-dates the Act, be nonconforming?
Answer: A nonconforming manufacturing use which significantly increases
production capacity, or land use area, or environmental impact
may proceed only with a coastal zone permit provided that the
original nature and purpose of the use remains unchanged. That
is, the expansion or extension can only be a normal growth of the
1. Manufacturing uses in the coastal zone which were in operation
prior to the law's enactment but which have no coastal zone
permit -- the nonconformity is the lack of a permit; and
2. Prohibited uses in the coastal zone which were in operation
prior to the law's enactment -- the nonconformity is the
fact that they are uses prohibited by the Act.
There are two categories of nonconforming uses: Answer:
Question: What is the effect of subdividing a property used by a .
nonconforming use?
Answer: The Coastal Zone Act refers only to "use" not to "lots",
"parcels", or "properties" as customary zoning law does.
It appears that only the land actually used for the nonconforming
purpose has nonconforming use status, that idle land does
not have this status.
Question: What is the date for qualification as a nonconforming use?
Answer: The use must have been actively in operation both on and
before the date of enactment of the Coastal Zone Act, June 28,
Question: Can a docking facility or pier or other offshore bulk product
transfer facility which comes under the exemption (from
prohibition) for a single nonconforming use or manufacturing
facility for which a permit is granted be used by other
industries or manufacturers?
Answer: The exemption applies only to those offshore bulk product
transfer facilities used by the single industrial use which
they serve as an accessory use. Such facilities serving more
than the single industry are prohibited.
Question: Does the Secretary and/or the Board have authority to adopt
regulations and definitions not mentioned in the Act?
Answer: Regulations and definitions consistent with the intent and
purposes of the Coastal Zone Act can be adopted.
Question: May different standards for permit approval be established in
different parts of the coastal zone according to the degree of
industrialization existing in the various parts of the zone?
Answer: The Coastal Zone Act does not differentiate between areas within
the zone, there is a single coastal zone. There is no authorization
in the law to divide the zone according to the degree of
industrialization. However, Section 7004(b) requires consideration
adjacent residential and agricultural areas which
would be different in the more urbanized, industrialized
parts of the zone vs. the more rural, undeveloped parts.
Question: What are appropriate and legally defensible criteria to use in
determining what a substantive change of character (of use) is?
Answer: Criteria adopted by the Board in defining expansion or extension
of a nonconforming use and criteria for evaluating permit
requests in Section 7004(b) are appropriate, including aesthetic
In evaluating substantive change of character (of a nonconforming
use) the dual purposes of the law, land use and environmental
effects, should be considered. A large physical expansion of a
nonconforming use or a change with deleterious environmental
effects compared to the use existing at the time of the law's
enactment would be a substantive change. A substantive change
of character would not be allowed.
Question: Are decisions made by the Coastal Zone Board enforceable policy
binding the administration of the Coastal Zone Act when those
decisions are made in the absence of regulations?
Answer: The Board and the Department are not bound to adopt any regulations,
and may administer the Act by applying the statute's standards
and procedures on a case-by-case basis.
The Board could adopt legislative rules, both substantive and
procedural and interpretive rules.
Any guidelines adopted under Section 7005 of the law are, in fact,
binding legislative rules.
The Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources and EnvironmE·ntal
Control has inherent authority to issue non-binding interpretive
rules, as does the Board. Interpretive rules can be adopted
informally, without the hearing procedure required by Section 700'i.
The Department must abide by any adopted regulations.
Copies of all Coastal Zone Act advisory legal opinions are on file at
the Planning Branch, Division of Environmental Control, Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Control in Dover and at the Department of Justice
COASTAL ZONE ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
In order to clarify the types of actions covered by the term "expansion or
extension" of non-conforming uses, this term is defined as follows:
"Expansion or Extension" - means a change of existing processes, facilities
or buildings which significantly increases the
production capacity, land use area or environmental
The Coastal Zone Act uses the term expansion or extension of non-conforming
uses but does not define the term.
In December 1971 the State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board approved
and adopted the above definition as a Coastal Zone Act administrative regulation.
A large majority of the Status Decisions involve this definition because
most of the decisions deal with industrial plants which were in operation on and
before enactment of the Coastal Zone Act on June 28, 1971.
(a) "The coastal zone" is defined as all that area of the State, whether land.
water or subaqueous land between the territorial limits of Delaware in the
Delaware River, Delaware Bay and Atlantic Ocean, and a line formed hy
certain Delaware highways and roads as follows:
Beginning at the Delaware-Pennsylvania line at a place where said lim-
intersects U.S. Route 13; thence southward along the said U.S. Route 13 until
§ 7001. Purpose.
It is hereby determined that the coastal areas of Delaware are the most
critical areas for the future of the State in terms of the quality of life in the
State. It is, therefore, the declared public policy of the State to control the
location, extent and type of industrial development in Delaware's coastal
areas. In so doing, the State can better protect the natural environment of its
bay and coastal areas and safeguard their use primarily for recreation and
tourism. Specifically, this chapter seeks to prohibit entirely the construction of
new heavy industry in its coastal areas, which industry is determined to be
incompatible with the protection of that natural environment in those areas.
While it is the declared public policy of the State to encourage the introduction
of new industry into Delaware, the protection of the environment, natural
beauty and recreation potential of the State is also of great concern. In order
to strike the correct balance between these 2 policies, careful planning based
on a thorough understanding of Delaware's potential and her needs is required.
Therefore, control of industrial development other than that of heavy industry
in the coastal zone of Delaware through a permit system at the state level is
called for. It is further determined that offshore bulk product transfer facilities
represent a significant danger of pollution to the coastal zone and generate
pressure for the construction of industrial plants in the coastal zone, which
construction is declared to be against public policy. For these reasons, prohibi-
tion against bulk product transfer facilities in the coastal zone is deemed
imperative. (7 Del. C. 1953, § 7001; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175.)
CONSERVATION 7 § 7002
Delaware's bays and coastal areas. Kreshtool v.
Delmarva Power & Light Co., Del. Super., 310
A.2d 649 (1973).
7007. Appeals to State Coastal Zone Industrial
7008. Appeals to Superior Court.
7009. Condemnation.
7010. Cease and desist orders.
7011. Penalties.
7012. Injunctions.
7013. Inconsistent laws superseded; all other
laws unimpaired; certain uses not
CHAPTER 70. COASTAL ZONE ACT
§ 7002. Definitions.
Purpose of this chapter is to control the
location, extent and type of industrial
development that is most likely to pollute
7 § 7001
7001. Purpose.
7002. Definitions.
7003. Uses absolutely prohibited in the coastal
7004. Uses allowed by permit only;
nonconforming uses..
7005. Administration of this chapter.
7006. State Coastal Zone Industrial Control
Board created; composition; conflict
of interest; quorum.
it intersects the right-of-way of U.S. Route 1-495; thence along said 1-495
right-of-way until the said 1-495 right-of-way intersects Delaware Route 9
south of Wilmington; thence along said Delaware Route 9 to the point of its
intersection with Delaware Route 273; thence along said Delaware Route 273
to U.S. 13; thence along U.S. 13 to Maintenance Road 409; thence along Main-
tenance Road 409 to Delaware Road 71; thence along Delaware Road 71 to its
intersection with Delaware Road 54; thence along Delaware Road 54 to
Delaware Road 896; thence along Delaware Road 896 to Maintenance Road
396; thence along Maintenance Road 396 to Maintenance Road 398; thence
along Maintenance Road 398 to the Maryland state line; thence southward
along the Maryland state line to Maintenance Road 433; thence along Mainte-
nance Road 433 to Maintenance Road 63; thence along Maintenance Road 63
to Maintenance Road 412; thence along Maintenance Road 412 to U.S. 13;
thence along U.S. 13 to Delaware 299 at Odessa; thence along Delaware Route
299 to its intersection with Delaware Route 9; thence along Delaware Route 9
to U.S. 113; thence along U.S. Route 113 to Maintenance Road 8A; thence along
Maintenance Road 8A to Maintenance Road 7 to the point of its intersection
with Delaware Route 14; thence along Delaware Route 14 to Delaware Route
24; thence along Delaware Route 24 to Maintenance Road 331; thence along
Maintenance Road 331 to Maintenance Road 334; thence along Maintenance
Road 334 to Delaware Route 26; thence along Delaware Route 26 to Mainte-
nance Road 365; thence along Maintenance Road 365 to Maintenance Road 84;
thence along Maintenance Road 84 to Maintenance Road 384; thence along
Maintenance Road 384 to Maintenance Road 382A; thence along Maintenance
Road 382A to Maintenance Road 389; thence along Maintenance Road 389 to
Maintenance Road 58; thence along Maintenance Road 58 to Maintenance
Road 395; thence along Maintenance Road 395 to the Maryland state line.
(b) "Nonconforming use" means a use, whether of land or of a structure,
which does not comply with the applicable use provisions in this chapter where
such use was lawfully in existence and in active use prior to June 28, 1971.
(c) "Environmental impact statement" means a detailed description as pre-
scribed by the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
of the effect of the proposed use on the immediate and surrounding envi-
ronment and natural resources such as water quality, fisheries, wildlife and
the aesthetics of the region.
(d) "Manufacturing" means the mechanical or chemical transformation of
organic or inorganic substances into new products, characteristically using
power-driven machines and materials handling equipment, and including
establishments engaged in assembling component parts of manufactured
products, provided the new product is not a structure or other fixed improve-
(e) "Heavy industry use" means a use characteristically involving more
than 20 acres, and characteristically employing some but not necessarily all of
such equipment such as, but not limited to, smokestacks, tanks, distillation or
reaction columns, chemical processing equipment, scribbing towers, pickling
equipment and waste-treatment lagoons; which industry, although
conceivably operable without polluting the environment, has the potential to
'; § 7002 COASTAL ZONE ACT 7 § 7002
pollute when equipment malfunctions or human error occurs. Examples of
heavy industry are oil refineries, basic steel manufacturing plants, basic
cellulosic pulp-paper mills, and chemical plants such as petrochemical
complexes. Generic examples of uses not included in the definition of "heavy
industry" are such uses as garment factories, automobile assembly plants and
jewelry and leather goods manufacturing establishments, and on-shore
facilities, less than 20 acres in size, consisting of warehouses, equipment repair
and maintenance structures, open storage areas, office and communications
buildings, helipads, parking space and other service or supply structures
required for the transfer of materials and workers in support of off-shore
research, exploration and development operations; provided, however, that
on-shore facilities shall not include tank farms or storage tanks.
(0 "Bulk product transfer facility" means any port or dock facility, whether
an artificial island or attached to shore by any means, for the transfer of bulk
quantities of any substance from vessel to onshore facility or vice versa. Not
included in this definition is a docking facility or pier for a single industrial or
manufacturing facility for which a permit is granted or which is a
nonconforming use. Likewise, docking facilities for the Port of Wilmington are
not included in this definition.
(g) "Person" shall include, but not be limited to, any individual, group of
individuals, contractor, supplier, installer, user, owner, partnership, firm,
company, corporation, association, joint-stock company, trust, estate, political
subdivision, administrative agency, public or quasi-public corporation or body,
or any other legal entity, or its legal representative, agent or assignee.
(h) "Board" shall mean the Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board. (7 Del.
C. 1953, § 7002; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175; 61 Del. Laws, c. 116, § 88(a); 62 Del.
Laws, c. 119, §§ 1, 2; 63 Del. Laws, c. 191, § l(a).)
7 § 7002
Revisor's note. - Section 27 of 63 Del.
Laws, c. 191, provides: "Insofar as the provi-
sions of this act are inconsistent with the provi-
sions of any general, special or local laws, or
parts thereof, this act shall be controlling."
Section 28 of 63 Del. Laws, c. 191, provides:
"If any section, part, phrase or provision of this
act or the application thereof be held invalid by
any court of competent jurisdiction, such judg-
ment shall be confined in its operation to that
section, part, phrase, provision or application
directly involved in the controversy in which
such judgment shall have been rendered and
shall not affect or impair the validity of the
remainder of this act or the application
Section 29 of 63 Del. Laws, c. 191, provides:
"This act shall become effective Nov. 1, 1981."
Effect of amendment. - 63 Del. Laws. c.
191, substituted "Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Control" for
"Office of Management, Budget and Planning"
Heavy industry use defined by physical
characteristics and potential to pollute. -
Heavy industry use is not only defined in term!'
of its physical characteristics but also in term-
of its potential to pollute in the event of equip-
ment failure or human error. Kreshtool v
Delmarva Power & Light Co., Del. Super.. 3111
Provision defining "heavy industry U8('"
is not intended to be dispositive or .11
factors to be considered by the Board
Kreshtool v. Delmarva Power & Light Co.. Ik·1
Super., 310 A.2d 649 (1973).
§ 7003. Uses absolutely prohibited in the coastal zone.
Heavy industry uses of any kind not in operation on June 28, 1971, are
prohibited in the coastal zone and no permits may be issued therefor. In addi-
tion, offshore gas, liquid, or solid bulk product transfer facilities which are not
in operation on June 28, 1971, are prohibited in the coastal zone, and no permit
may be issued therefor.' Provided, that this section shall not apply to public
sewage treatment or recycling plants. (7 Del. C. 1953, § 7003; 58 Del. Laws,
c. 175.)
§ 7004. Uses allowed by permit only; nonconforming uses.
(a) Except for heavy industry uses, as defined in § 7002 of this title, man-
ufacturing uses not in existence and in active use on June 28, 1971, are allowed
in the coastal zone by permit only, as provided for under this section. Any
nonconforming use in existence and in active use on June 28, 1971, shall not
be prohibited by this chapter. All expansion or extension of nonconforming
manufacturing uses, as defined herein, and all expansion or extension of uses
for which a permit is issued pursuant to this chapter, are likewise allowed only
by permit. Provided, that no permit may be granted under this chapter unless
the county or municipality having jurisdiction has first approved the use in
question by zoning procedures provided by law.
(b) In passing on permit requests, the Secretary of the Department of Nat-
ural Resources and Environmental Control and the State Coastal Zone Indus-
trial Control Board shall consider the following factors:
0) Environmental impact, including but not limited to, probable air
and water pollution likely to be generated by the proposed use under
normal operating conditions as well as during mechanical malfunction and
human error; likely destruction of wetlands and flora and fauna; impact
of site preparation on drainage of the area in question, especially as it
relates to flood control; impact of site preparation and facility operations
on land erosion; effect of site preparation and facility operations on the
quality and quantity of surface, ground and subsurface water resources,
such as the use of water for processing, cooling, effiuent removal, and other
purposes; in addition, but not limited to, likelihood of generation of glare,
heat, noise, vibration, radiation, electromagnetic interference and
obnoxious odors.
(2) Economic effect, including the number ofjobs created and the income
which will be generated by the wages and salaries of these jobs in relation
to the amount ofland required, and the amount of tax revenues potentially
accruing to state and local government.
(3) Aesthetic effect, such as impact on scenic beauty of the surrounding
(4) Number and type of supporting facilities required and the impact of
such facilities on all factors listed in this subsection.
(5) Effect on neighboring land uses including, but not limited to, effect
on public access to tidal waters, effect on recreational areas and effect on
adjacent residential and agricultural areas.
7 § 7003 COASTAL ZONE ACT 7 § 7004
§ 7005. Administration of this chapter.
(6) County and municipal comprehensive plans for the development
and/or conservation of their areas of jurisdiction. (7 Del. C. 1953, § 7004;
58 Del. Laws, c. 175; 61 Del. Laws, c. 116, § 88(c); 63 Del. Laws, c. 191,
§ 1(a), (b).)
(a) The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control shall
administer this chapter. All requests for permits for manufacturing land uses
and for the expansion or extension of nonconforming uses as herein defined in
the coastal zone shall be directed to the Secretary of the Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Control. Such requests must be in writing and
must include (1) evidence of approval by the appropriate county or municipal
zoning authorities, (2) a detailed description of the proposed construction and
operation of the use and (3) an environmental impact statement. The Secretary
of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control shall hold
a public hearing and may request further information of the applicant. The
Secretaryof the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
shall first determine whether the proposed use is, according to this chapter and
regulations issued pursuant thereto, (l) a heavy industry use under § 7003 of
this title; (2) a use allowable only by permit under § 7004 of this title; or (3)
a use requiring no action under this chapter. The Secretary of the Department
of Natural Resources and Environmental Control shall then, ifhe determines
that § 7004 of this title applies, reply to the request for a permit within 90 days
of receipt of the said request for permit, either granting the request, denying
same, or granting the request but requiring modifications; he shall state the
(b) The Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmen-
tal Control may issue regulations including, but not limited to, regulation-
governing disposition of permit requests, and setting forth procedures for
hearings before himself and the Board. Provided, that all such regulation!'
shall be subject to approval by the Board.
7 § 7005
Effect of amendment. - 63 Del. Laws, c.
191, substituted "Secretary of the Department
of Natural Resources and Environmental
Control" for "Director of the Office of
Management, Budget and Planning" in the
introductory language of subsection (b).
Discretion in grant or refused of permit.
- The granting or refusal of an application for
a coastal zone permit is a discretionary matter.
Kreshtool v. Delmarva Power & Light Co., Del.
The discretionary power of the Board is not so
constrained by statutory standards as to consti-
tute an abuse thereof if there exists the
slightest possibility that anti-pollution stan-
dards may be exceeded. Kreshtool v. Delmarva
Power & Light Co., Del. Super., 310 A.2d 649
§ 7006. State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board cre-
ated; composition; conflict of interest; quorum.
There is hereby created a State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board,
which shall have 9 voting members. Five of these shall be regular members
appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. No more than 2 of the
regular members shall be affiliated with the same political party. At least 1
regular member shall be a resident of New Castle County, 1 a resident of Kent
County and 1 a resident of Sussex County, provided that no more than 2
residents of any county shall serve on the Board at the same time. The addi-
tional 4 members shall be the Director of the Delaware Development Office,
and the chairmen of the planning commissions of each county, who shall be ex
officio voting members. The term of 1 appointed regular member shall be for
1 year; 1 for 2 years; 1 for 3 years; 1 for 4 years; and the chairman, to be
leI The Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmen-
tal Control shall develop and propose a comprehensive plan and guidelines for
t he State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board concerning types of manufac-
turing uses deemed acceptable in the coastal zone and regulations for the
further elaboration of the definition o f ~ ~ h e a v y industry" in a manner consistent
with the purposes and provisions of this chapter. Such plan and guidelines
shall become binding regulations upon adoption by the Board after public
hearing. The Board may alter said regulations at any time after a public
hearing. Provided, that any such regulations shall be consistent with §§ 7003
and 7004 of this title.
(d) The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and
all agencies of state government shall assist the State Coastal Zone Industrial
Control Board in developing policies and procedures, and shall provide the
Board with such information as it shall require. (7 Del. C. 1953, § 7005; 58 Del.
Laws, c. 175; 61 Del. Laws, c. 116, § 88(a), (c); 63 Del. Laws, c. 191, § Ita), (bl.)
7 § 7006
in the first sentence of subsection (a) and in
subsection (d), and "Secretary of the Depart-
ment of Natural Resources and Environmental
Management, Budget and Planning" 4 times
throughout subsection (a) and once in subsec-
tions (bl and (c).
Requirement to "state reasons" is
mandatory and not a mere technicality.
Super., 310 A.2d 649 (19731.
And it serves 2 essential functions. First,
it enables the Board to adequately review the
decision. Second. it enables persons aggrieved
by an adverse decision to prepare for their
appeal before the Board. Kreshtool v. Delmarva
<19731.
- ~ 7006
§ 7007. Appeals to State Coastal Zone Industrial Control
designated as such by the Governor, and serve at his pleasure. Thereafter, all
regular members shall be appointed for 5-year terms. The members shall
receive no compensation except for expenses. Any member of the Board with
a conflict of interest in a matter in question shall disqualify himself from
consideration of that matter. A majority of the total membership of the Board
less those disqualifying themselves shall constitute a quorum. A majority of
the total membership of the Board shall be necessary to make a final decision
on a permit request. (7 Del. C. 1953, § 7006; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175; 63 Del. Laws,
c. 191, § l(c), (dl.)
(a) The State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board shall have the power to
hear appeals from decisions of the Secretary of the Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Control made under § 7005 of this title. The
Board may affirm or reverse the decision of the Secretary of the Department
of Natural Resources and Environmental Control with respect to applicability
of any provisions of this chapter to a proposed use; it may modify any permit
granted by the Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources and Environ-
mental Control, grant a permit denied by him, deny a permit or confirm his
grant of a permit. Provided, however, that the Board may grant no permit for
uses prohibited in § 7003 herein.
(b) Any person aggrieved by a final decision of the Secretary of the Depart-
ment of Natural Resources and Environmental Control under subsection (a) of
§ 7005 of this title may appeal same under this section. Appellants must file
notice of appeal with the State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board within
14 days following announcement by the Secretary of the Department of Nat-
ural Resources and Environmental Control of his decision. The State Coastal
Zone Industrial Control Board must hold a hearing and render its decision in
the form of a final order within 60 days following receipt of the appeal notifica-
(c) Whenever a decision of the Secretary of the Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Control concerning a permit request 1:--
appealed, the Board shall hold a public hearing at which the appellant may !:>t.
represented by counsel. All proceedings in such a hearing shall be made B
7 § 7007
191, substituted "9" for "10" in the first sen-
tence and "4" for "5" and "Director of the
Delaware Development Office" for "Secretary of
Natural Resources and Environmental Control,
the Secretary of Community Affairs and Eco-
nomic Development" in the fifth sentence.
matter of record and a transcript or recording of all proceedings kept, and the
public may attend and be heard.
td) The Board shall publicly announce by publication in at least 1 newspaper
of daily publication in the county in which the site designated in the request
is wholly or principally located and in at least 1 newspaper of daily publication
and general circulation throughout the State the time, location and subject of
all hearings under this section at least 10 days prior thereto. (7 Del. C. 1953,
§ 7007; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175; 61 Del. Laws, c. 116, § 88(c); 63 Del. Laws, c. 191,
§ Ita), (bl.)
§ 7008. Appeals to Superior Court.
Any person aggrieved by a final order of the State Coastal Zone Industrial
Control Board under § 7007 of this title may appeal the Board's decision to
Superior Court in and for the county of the location of the land in question.
Likewise, the Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources and Environ-
mental Control may appeal from any modification by the Board of his ruling.
The appeal shall be commenced by filing notice thereof with Superior Court not
more than 20 days following announcement of the Board's decision. The Court
may affirm the Board's order in its entirety, modify same or reverse said order.
In either case, the appeal shall be based on the record of proceedings before the
Board, the only issue being whether the Board abused its discretion in applying
standards set forth by this chapter and regulations issued pursuant thereto to
the facts of the particular case. The Superior Court may by rule prescribe
procedure by which it will receive, hear and make disposition of appeals under
this chapter. Provided, that no appeal under this chapter shall stay any cease
and desist order or injunction issued pursuant to this chapter. (7 Del. C. 1953,
§ 7008; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175; 61 Del. Laws, c. 116, § 88(c); 63 Del. Laws, c. 191,
7 § 7008
Management, Budget and Planning"
throughout subsections (a), (b) and (c).
Board need not state reasons for deci-
sion. - There is no statutory command com-
pelling the Board to state reasons for its
decision. Kreshtool v. Delmarva Power & Light
Co., Del. Super., 310 A.2d 649 (1973l.
-; § 7008
sions of any general. special or local laws, or
§ 7011. Penalties.
§ 7010. Cease and desist orders.
§ 7012. Injunctions.
7 § 7012
adequately review Board's decision, it is
necessary that sufficient findings of fact be
made by the Board and it must be evident from
the decision and from the record below that the
Board's decision was based on a consideration of
the relevant factors. Kreshtool v. Delmarva
Superior Court cannot substitute its
judgment for that of Board. - In reviewing
the record before the Board, the Superior Court
cannot substitute its own judgment for that of
the Board. Kreshtool v. Delmarva Power &
Light Co., Del. Super., 310 A.2d 649 (1973).
CONSERVATION 7 § 7009
The Attorney General shall have the power to issue a cease and desist order
to any person violating any provision of this chapter ordering such person to
cease and desist from such violation. Provided, that any cease and desist order
issued pursuant to this section shall expire (1) after 30 days of its issuance, or
(2) upon withdrawal of said order by the Attorney General, or (3) when the
order is superseded by an injunction, whichever occurs first. (7 Del. C. 1953,
§ 7010; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175,)
§ 7009. Condemnation.
The Court of Chancery shall have jurisdiction to enjoin violations of this
chapter. (7 Del. C. 1953, § 7012; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175.)
If Superior Court rules that a permit's denial, or restrictions imposed by a
granted permit, or the operation of § 7003 or § 7004 of this title, is an
unconstitutional taking without just compensation, the Secretary of the State
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control may, through
negotiation or condemnation proceedings under Chapter 61 of Title 10, acquire
the fee simple or any lesser interests in the land. If the Secretary does not use
this authority to acquire the fee simple or any lesser interests in the land
within 5 years from the date of the Court's ruling, the permit must be granted
as applied for. (7 Del. C. 1953, § 7009; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175.)
Any person who violates this chapter shall be fined not more than $50,000
for each offense. The continuance of an activity prohibited by this chapter
during any part of a day shall constitute a separate offense. Superior Court
shall have exclusive original jurisdiction over offenses under this chapter. (7
Del. C. 1953, § 7011; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175.)
Management, Budget and Planning" in the sec-
ond sentence of the first paragraph.
In order for Superior Court to
§ ;013. Inconsistent laws superseded; all other laws
unimpaired; certain uses not authorized.
All laws or ordinances inconsistent with any provision of this chapter are
hereby superseded to the extent of the inconsistency. Provided, that present
and future zoning powers of all counties and municipalities, to the extent that
said powers are not inconsistent with this chapter, shall not hereby be
Impaired; and provided that a permit granted under this chapter shall not
authorize a use in contravention of county or municipal zoning regulations. (7
Del. C. 1953, § 7013; 58 Del. Laws, c. 175.)
7 ~ i013 COASTAL ZONE ACT 7 § 7013
DELAWARE COASTAL ZONE
® ROAD NUMBERS
z o '"
suSSEX COUNT '(
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