Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US6649155?dq=6861155
Timestamp: 2016-10-21 14:13:47
Document Index: 196803629

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.\n2', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

Patent US6649155 - Anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos containing certain cationic polymers - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsDisclosed are shampoo compositions that provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning, and a method of cleansing and conditioning the hair comprising applying to the hair an effective amount of said compositions. The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos comprise: (A) from...http://www.google.com/patents/US6649155?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6649155 - Anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos containing certain cationic polymersAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6649155 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/558,466Publication dateNov 18, 2003Filing dateApr 25, 2000Priority dateMay 3, 1999Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2370938A1, CA2370938C, CN1167410C, CN1356890A, EP1181008A1, EP1181008B1, WO2000066080A1Publication number09558466, 558466, US 6649155 B1, US 6649155B1, US-B1-6649155, US6649155 B1, US6649155B1InventorsDavid Scott Dunlop, Vicente Eduardo LeybaOriginal AssigneeThe Procter & Gamble CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (42), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (64), Classifications (38), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAnti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos containing certain cationic polymers
US 6649155 B1Abstract
Disclosed are shampoo compositions that provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning, and a method of cleansing and conditioning the hair comprising applying to the hair an effective amount of said compositions. The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos comprise: (A) from about 5% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of an anionic surfactant; (B) from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of a non-volatile conditioning agent; (C) from about 0.1% to about 4%, by weight of the composition, of an anti-dandruff particulate; (D) from about 0.02% to about 5%, by weight of the composition, of a cationic guar derivative; (i) wherein said cationic guar derivative has a molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 700,000; and (ii) wherein said cationic guar derivative has a charge density from about 0.05 meq/g to about 1.0 meq/g; and (E) water.
What is claimed is: 1. A shampoo composition comprising:
a) from about 5% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of an anionic surfactant; b) from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of a non-volatile conditioning agent; c) from about 0.1% to about 4%, by weight of the composition, of an anti-dandruff particulate; d) from about 0.02% to about 5%, by weight of the composition, of a cationic guar derivative; i) wherein said cationic guar derivative has a molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 700,000; and ii) wherein said cationic guar derivative has a charge density from about 0.05 meq/g to about 1.0 meq/g; e) water. 2. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of a suspending agent.
3. A shampoo composition according to claim 2, wherein said suspending agent is ethylene glycol distearate.
4. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said non-volatile conditioning agent is a silicone.
5. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said anti-dandruff particulate is a zinc salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione.
6. A shampoo composition according to claim 5, wherein said zinc salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione is in platelet particle form.
7. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.3% to about 2%, by weight of the composition, of said anti-dandruff particulate.
8. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said anti-dandruff particulate has a average particle size of about 2.5 μm.
9. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said cationic guar derivative has a charge density from about 0.1 meq/g to about 1.0 meq/g.
10. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said cationic guar derivative has a molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 300,000.
11. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.1% to about 1.0% of said cationic guar derivative.
12. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of the composition, of a cationic polymer conforming to the general formula: a) wherein A is an anhydroglucose residual group; b) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkylene oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, hydroxyalkylene, and mixtures thereof, c) wherein R1, R2, and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, and alkoxyaryl; each group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms, and the sum of carbon atoms in R1, R2, and R3 is less than about 20; and d) wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chloride, fluoride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, methylsulfate, and mixtures thereof. 13. A shampoo composition according to claim 12, wherein said cationic polymer is polyquatemium-10.
14. A shampoo composition according to claim 12, wherein said cationic polymer has a charge density from about 0.1 meq/g to about 1.0 meq/g, and a molecular weight from about 250,000 to about 850,000.
15. A shampoo composition according to claim 14, wherein said cationic polymer has a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 0.6 meq/g, and a molecular weight from about 350,000 to about 500,000.
16. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises from about 0.005% to about 1.5%, by weight of the composition, of a polyalkylene glycol corresponding to the formula: a) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and mixtures thereof, and b) wherein n is an integer having an average value from about 1,500 to about 120,000. 17. A shampoo composition according to claim 16, wherein said polyalkylene glycol has an average value of n from about 3,500 to about 15,000.
18. A shampoo composition according to claim 16, comprising from about 0.05% to about 1.0%, by weight of the composition, of said polyalkylene glycol.
a) from about 10% to about 25%, by weight of the composition, of an anionic surfactant; b) from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of an insoluble, non-volatile silicone conditioning agent; c) from about 0.3% to about 2%, by weight of the composition, of a zinc salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione; d) from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of the composition, of a cationic guar derivative, i) wherein said cationic guar derivative has a molecular weight from about 100,000 to about 400,000; and ii) wherein said cationic guar derivative has a charge density from about 0.4 meq/g to about 1.0 meq/g; e) water. 20. A method for providing anti-dandruff efficacy and for conditioning hair comprising:
a) wetting said hair with water; b) applying to said hair an effective amount of a shampoo composition according to claim 1; and c) rinsing said shampoo composition from said hair using water. 21. A shampoo composition according to claim 5, further comprising from about 0.001% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, of a hair growth regulating agent selected from the group consisting of zinc salts of carboxylic acids, saponins, triterpenes, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, betulonic acid, crataegolic acid, celastrol, asiatic acid, inhibitors of 5-α-reductase, progesterone, 1,4-methyl-4-azasteroids, 17-β-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5-α-androstan-3-one, androgen receptor antagonists, cyproterone acetate, minoxidil, azelaic acid and derivatives thereof, cyclosporin, triiodothyronine, diazoxide, potassium channel openers, cromakalin, phenytoin, ketoconazole, finesteride, dutasteride, coal tar, zinc gluconate, glucocortisoids, macrolides, aminexil, and mixtures thereof.
a) wetting said hair with water; b) applying to said hair an effective amount, of a shampoo composition according to claim 5; c) rinsing said shampoo composition from said hair using water. 23. A method for regulating the growth of the hair comprising:
a) wetting said hair with water; b) applying to said hair an effective amount, of a shampoo composition according to claim 21; c) rinsing said shampoo composition from said hair using water. Description
This application claims benefit of No. 60/132,868 filed May 3, 1999.
The present invention relates to shampoo compositions which provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning. These compositions contain anionic surfactants, conditioning agents, anti-dandruff particulates, cationic polymers, and water. The cationic polymers have certain molecular weight and charge density parameters that provide improved efficacy of anti-dandruff shampoo compositions.
For example, it was previously believed that excellent anti-dandruff efficacy could be achieved by utilizing coacervate optimized for deposition efficiency on the hair and scalp. Coacervates that deposited more efficiently were thought to be preferred for efficacy. Unfortunately, the use of the most efficient coacervates to deposit anti-dandruff actives on the hair or scalp can negatively affect conditioriing, specifically clean hair feel. In order to achieve good conditioning, the level of anti-dandruff agent could be reduced, resulting in good conditioning, but less than optimal anti-dandruff efficacy.
Applicants have now discovered, however, that, surprisingly, bioavailability and coverage of the anti-dandruff active are much more predictive of efficacy than efficiency of deposition of the active on the hair or scalp. In fact, Applicants have found that, in some cases, even when an anti-dandruff active deposited very well on the hair and scalp, acceptable anti-dandruff efficacy was not achieved. Conversely, good anti-dandruff efficacy could be achieved in situations where the anti-dandruff active had good coverage and was highly bioavailable, but did not deposit superiorly to the hair or scalp. Thus, in order for a shampoo composition to provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning compared to known shampoo compositions, it must meet certain criteria with respect to bioavailability and coverage, but it does not necessarily have to have the ability to deposit the anti-dandruff active superiorly on the hair or scalp.
Applicants have further discovered that excellent bioavailability and coverage of the anti-dandruff active from a given shampoo compositions can be achieved if the coacervate formed between the cationic polymer and the anionic surfactant upon dilution of the shampoo is spreadable and flowable, rather than elastic in nature. The nature of the coacervate is impacted by the level and types of cationic polymer present in the shampoo composition.
It is an object of the present invention to provide shampoo compositions which provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for cleansing and conditioning the hair. These, and other objects, will become readily apparent from the detailed description below.
The present invention relates to shampoo compositions that provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning. These shampoos comprise: (A) from about 5% to about 50%, by weight, of an anionic surfactant; (B) from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight, of a non-volatile conditioning agent; (C) from about 0.1% to about 4%, by weight, of an anti-dandruff particulate; (D) from about 0.02% to about 5%, by weight, of a cationic guar derivative; and (E) water. The cationic guar derivative has a molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 700,000, and has a charge density from about 0.05 meq/g to about 1.0 meq/g.
The shampoo compositions of the present invention provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning. Such anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components or limitations described herein.
Particularly, these compositions comprise anionic surfactants, conditioning agents, anti-dandruff particulates, cationic guars, and water. Upon dilution, the anionic surfactants and cationic guars form a coacervate. The molecular weight and charge density of the cationic guar will influence the bioavailability and coverage of the anti-dandruff particulate. This is important for anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning.
The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise an anionic surfactant, a conditioning agent, an anti-dandruff particulate, a cationic guar derivative, and an aqueous carrier. Each of these ingredients is described in detail below.
Specific examples of preferred alkyl sulfates include, but are not limited to, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof Especially preferred is ammonium lauryl sulfate.
Specific examples of preferred alkyl ether sulfates include, but are not limited to, ammonium laureth sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate, and mixtures thereof Especially preferred is ammonium laureth sulfate.
Other suitable sulfonates for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos of the present invention are the water-soluble salts of organic, sulfuric acid reaction products conforming to the formula [R1-SO3-M] where R1 is a straight or branched chain, saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical from about C8 to about C24, preferably about C10 to about C18; and M is a cation described above. Non-limiting examples of such anionic detersive surfactants are the salts of an organic sulfuric acid reaction product of a hydrocarbon of the methane series, including iso-, neo-, and n-paraffins, and a sulfonating agent, e.g., SO3, H2SO4, obtained according to known sulfonation methods. The sulfonation methods may include bleaching and hydrolysis. The salts are preferably from about C8 to about C24; more preferably from about C12 to about C18. Preferred are alkali metal and ammonium sulfonated C10 to C8 n-paraffins.
The concentration of the silicone conditioning agent typically ranges from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, most preferably from about 0.2% to about 3%. Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone conditioning agents, and optional suspending agents for the silicone, are described in U.S. Reissue Pat. No. 34,584, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609, which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference. The silicone conditioning agents for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention preferably have a viscosity, as measured at 25� C., from about 20 to about 2,000,000 centistokes (“csk”), more preferably from about 1,000 to about 1,800,000 csk, even more preferably from about 50,000 to about 1,500,000 csk, most preferably from about 100,000 to about 1,500,000 csk.
The dispersed, silicone conditioning agent particles typically have a number average particle diameter ranging from about 0.01 μm to about 50 μm. For small particle application to hair, the number average particle diameters typically range from about 0.01 μm to about 4 μm, preferably from about 0.01 μm to about 2 μm, more preferably from about 0.01 μm to about 0.5 μm. For larger particle application to hair, the number average particle diameters typically range from about 4 μm to about 50 μm, preferably from about 6 μm to about 30 μm, more preferably from about 9 μm to about 20 μm, most preferably from about 121 μm to about 181 μm. Conditioning agents having an average particle size of less than about 5 μm may deposit more efficiently on the hair. It is believed that small size particles of conditioning agent are contained within the coacervate that is formed between the anionic surfactant component (described above) and the cationic polymer component (described below), upon dilution of the shampoo.
Preferred alkyl and alkenyl substituents are C1 to C5 alkyls and alkenyls, more preferably from C1 to C4, most preferably from C1 to C2. The aliphatic portions of other alkyl-, alkenyl-, or alkynyl-containing groups (such as alkoxy, alkaryl, and alkamino) can be straight or branched chains, and are preferably from C1 to C5, more preferably from C1 to C4, even more preferably from C1 to C3, most preferably from C1 to C2. As discussed above, the R substituents can also contain amino functionalities (e.g. alkamino groups), which can be primary, secondary or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium. These include mono-, di- and tri-alkylamino and alkoxyamino groups, wherein the aliphatic portion chain length is preferably as described above. The R substituents may also be substituted with other groups, such as halogens (e.g. chloride, fluoride, and bromide), halogenated aliphatic or aryl groups, hydroxy (e.g. hydroxy substituted aliphatic groups), and mixtures thereof. Suitable halogenated R groups could include, for example, tri-halogenated (preferably tri-fluoro) alkyl groups such as —R1 CF3, wherein R1 is a C1-C3 alkyl. An example of such a polysiloxane includes, but is not limited to, polymethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropylsiloxane.
(R1)aG3-a—Si—(—OSiG2)n—(—OSiGb(R1)2-b)m—O—SiG3-a(R1)a wherein C is hydrogen, phenyl, hydroxy, or C1-C8 alkyl, preferably methyl; a is 0 or an integer having a value from 1 to 3, preferably 0; b is 0 or 1, preferably 1; n is a number from 0 to 1,999, preferably from 49 to 149; m is an integer from 1 to 2,000, preferably from 1 to 10; the sum of n and m is a number from 1 to 2,000, preferably from 50 to 150; R1 is a monovalent radical conforming to the general formula CqH2qL, wherein q is an integer having a value from 2 to 8 and L is selected from the following groups:
Other silicone fluids suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention are the insoluble silicone gums. These gums are polyorganosiloxane materials having a viscosity, as measured at 25� C., of greater than or equal to 1,000,000 csk. Silicone gums are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,416; Noll and Walter, Chemistry and Technology of Silicones, New York: Academic Press (1968); and in General Electric Silicone Rubber Product Data Sheets SE 30, SE 33, SE 54 and SE 76, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. The silicone gums will typically have a weight average molecular weight in excess of about 200,000, preferably from about 200,000 to about 1,000,000. Specific non-limiting examples of silicone gums for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention include polydimethylsiloxane, (polydimethylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (diphenyl siloxane)(methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer and mixtures thereof
Other non-volatile, insoluble silicone fluid conditioning agents that are suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention are those known as “high refractive index silicones,” having a refractive index of at least about 1.46, preferably at least about 1.48, more preferably at least about 1.52, most preferably at least about 1.55. The refractive index of the polysiloxane fluid will generally be less than about 1.70, typically less than about 1.60. In this context, polysiloxane “fluid” includes oils as well as gums.
Preferred high refractive index polysiloxane fluids have a combination of phenyl or phenyl derivative substituents (most preferably phenyl), with alkyl substituents, preferably C1-C4 alkyl (most preferably methyl), hydroxy, or C1-C4 alkylamino (especially —R1NHR2NH2 wherein each R1 and R2 independently is a C1-C3 alkyl, alkenyl, and/or alkoxy). High refractive index polysiloxanes are available from Dow Coming, Huls America, and General Electric.
Silicone fluids suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,826,551, U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,500, U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,837, British Pat. No. 849,433, and Silicon Compounds, Petrarch Systems, Inc. (1984), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Silicone resins may be included in the silicone conditioning agent of the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention. These resins are highly cross-linked polymeric siloxane systems. The cross-linking is introduced through the incorporation of trifunctional and tetrafunctional silanes with monoftinctional or difunctional, or both, silanes during manufacture of the silicone resin. As is apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, the degree of cross-linking that is required in order to result in a silicone resin will vary according to the specific silane units incorporated into the silicone resin. Generally, silicone materials which have a sufficient level of trifunctional and tetrafunctional siloxane monomer units (and hence, a sufficient level of cross-linking) such that they dry down to a rigid, or hard, film are considered to be silicone resins. The ratio of oxygen atoms to silicon atoms is indicative of the level of cross-linking in a particular silicone material. Silicone resins suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention generally have at least about 1.1 oxygen atoms per silicon atom. Preferably, the ratio of oxygen to silicon atoms is at least about 1.2:1.0. Silanes used in the manufacture of silicone resins include, but are not limited to: monomethyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, monophenyl-, diphenyl-, methylphenyl-, monovinyl-, and methylvinyl-chlorosilanes, and tetra-chlorosilane, with the methyl-substituted silanes being most commonly utilized. Preferred resins are available from General Electric as GE SS4230 and GE SS4267. Commercially available silicone resins are generally supplied in a dissolved form in a low viscosity volatile or non-volatile silicone fluid. The silicone resins for use herein should be supplied and incorporated into the present compositions in such dissolved form, as will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
2. Orpanic Conditioning Oils
Specific non-limiting examples of these hydrocarbon oils include paraffin oil, mineral oil, saturated and unsaturated dodecane, saturated and unsaturated tridecane, saturated and unsaturated tetradecane, saturated and unsaturated pentadecane, saturated and unsaturated hexadecane, polybutene, polydecene, and mixtures thereof. Branched-chain isomers of these compounds, as well as of higher chain length hydrocarbons, can also be used, examples of which include highly branched, saturated or unsaturated, alkanes such as the permethyl-substituted isomers, e.g., the permethyl-substituted isomers of hexadecane and eicosane, such as 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane and 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6-dimethyl-8-methyinonane, available from Permethyl Corporation. Hydrocarbon polymers such as polybutene and polydecene. A preferred hydrocarbon polymer is polybutene, such as the copolymer of isobutylene and butene. A commercially available material of this type is L-14 polybutene from Amoco Chemical Corporation.
Non-limiting examples of olefenic monomers for use in preparing the polyolefin liquids herein include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, branched chain isomers such as 4-methyl-1-pentene, and mixtures thereof Also suitable for preparing the polyolefin liquids are olefin-containing refinery feedstocks or effluents. Preferred hydrogenated α-olefin monomers include, but are not limited to: 1-hexene to 1-hexadecenes, 1-octene to 1-tetradecene, and mixtures thereof.
Some other preferred silicone conditioning agents for use in the compositions of the present invention include: Abil� S 201 (dimethicone/sodium PG-propyldimethicone thiosulfate copolymer), available from Goldschmidt; DC Q2-8220 (trimethylsilyl amodimethicone) available from Dow Coming; DC 949 (amodimethicone, cetrimonium chloride, and Trideceth-12), available from Dow Coming; DC 749 (cyclomethicone and trimethylsiloxysilicate), available from Dow Corning; DC2502 (cetyl dimethicone), available from Dow Corning; BC97/004 and BC 99/088 (amino functionalized silicone microemulsions), available from Basildon Chemicals; GE SME253 and SM2115-D2_ and SM2658 and SF1708 (amino functionalized silicone microemulsions), available from General Electric; siliconized meadowfoam seed oil, available from Croda; and those silicone conditioning agents described by GAF Corp. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,767 (quatemized amino lactam), by Biosil Technologies in U.S. Pat. No. 5,854,319 (reactive silicone emulsions containing amino acids), and by Dow Coming in U.S. Pat. No. 4,898,585 (polysiloxanes), all of which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
Pyridinethione anti-dandruff particulates, especially 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts, are highly preferred particulate anti-dandruff agents for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention. The concentration of pyridinethione anti-dandruff particulate typically ranges from about 0.1% to about 4%, by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 3%, most preferably from about 0.3% to about 2%. Preferred pyridinethione salts include those formed from heavy metals such as zinc, tin, cadmium, magnesium, aluminum and zirconium, preferably zinc, more preferably the zinc salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (known as “zinc pyridinethione” or “ZPT”), most preferably 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts in platelet particle form, wherein the particles have an average size of up to about 20 μ, preferably up to about 5 μ, most preferably up to about 2.5 μ. Salts formed from other cations, such as sodium, may also be suitable. Pyridinethione anti-dandruff agents are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,809,971; U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,733; U.S. Pat. No. 3,753,196; U.S. Pat. No. 3,761,418; U.S. Pat. No. 4,345,080; U.S. Pat. No. 4,323,683; U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,753; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,982, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. It is contemplated that when ZPT is used as the anti-dandruff particulate in the shampoo compositions herein, that the growth or regrowth of hair may be stimulated or regulated, or both, or that hair loss may be reduced or inhibited, or that hair may appear thicker or fuller.
Selenium sulfide is a particulate anti-dandruff agent suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention, effective concentrations of which range from about 0.1% to about 4%, by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.3% to about 2.5%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 1.5%. Selenium sulfide is generally regarded as a compound having one mole of selenium and two moles of sulfur, although it may also be a cyclic structure that conforms to the general formula SexSy, wherein x+y=8. Average particle diameters for the selenium sulfide are typically less than 15 μm, as measured by forward laser light scattering device (e.g. Malvern 3600 instrument), preferably less than 10 μm. Selenium sulfide compounds are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,694,668; U.S. Pat. No. 3,152,046; U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,945; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,107, all of which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
D. Cationic Guar Derivatives
The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.02% to about 5%, by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.05% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.5%, most preferably from about 0.5% to about 1%, of a cationic guar suitable for application to the hair or skin. The guars are believed to provide increased anti-dandruff efficacy and increased conditioning to the shampoo compositions described herein. Such cationic guars should be physically and chemically compatible with the essential components described herein, and should not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.
A coacervate is formed, upon dilution of the shampoo composition, between the cationic polymer and the anionic detersive surfactant component (described above) of the present invention. It is believed that the cationic moiety of the polymer binds with the anionic moiety of the surfactant to form an insoluble complex that precipitates, upon dilution (the coacervate). Complex coacervates of the cationic polymer can also be formed with other optional anionic components of the shampoo composition (described below). Coacervate formation is dependent upon a variety of criteria, such as molecular weight, component concentration, and ratio of interacting ionic components, ionic strength (including modification of ionic strength, for example, by addition of salts), charge density of the cationic and anionic components, pH, and temperature. Coacervate systems and the effect of these parameters have been described, for example, in J. Caelles, et al., “Anionic and Cationic Compounds in Mixed Systems”, Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 106, (April 1991), pp 49-54; C. J. van Oss, “Coacervation, Complex-Coacervation and Flocculation”, J. Dispersion Science and Tech., vol. 9 (5,6), (1988-89), pp 561-73; and in D. J. Burgess, “Practical Analysis of Complex Coacervate Systems”, J. of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 140, no. 1, (November 1990), pp 227-38; all of which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference. The shampoo compositions described herein, typically have a ratio of anionic detersive surfactant component to cationic polymer component from about 25:0.02 to about 1:1, preferably from about 20:0.1 to about 12:1.
Applicants have found that the characteristics of polymer in such compositions can affect the bioavailability/coverage of anti-dandruff particulates, such characteristics include cationic guar polymer molecular weight and charge density. Guars with lower molecular weight are preferred, guars with lower charge density are preferred. Guars with lower molecular weight and lower charge density are highly preferred. It is believed that these select guars impart modified physical properties (i.e. rheology) to the coacervates formed. These differences in physical properties are hypothesized to affect bioavailability/coverage.
ii. Physical Properties of the Cationic Guar
The average molecular weight of cationic conditioning guars suitable for use herein is typically from about 5,000 to about 10,000,000, preferably from about 50,000 to about 2,000,000, more preferably from about 50,000 to about 1,500,000, more preferably from about 50,000 to about 700,000, more preferably from about 50,000 to about 400, 000, most preferably from about 100,000 to about 400,000. The guars have a cationic charge density typically from about 0.05 meq/g to about 7 meq/g, as measured at the pH of intended use of the shampoo composition, preferably from about 0.05 meq/gm to about 5 meq/g, more preferably from about 0.05 meq/g to about 2 meq/g, more preferably from about 0.1 meq/g to about 1.0 meq/g, most preferably from about 0.3 meq/g to about 1.0 meq/g. The pH of intended use of the shampoo composition typically ranges from about pH 3 to about pH 9, preferably from about pH 4 to about pH 7.
iii. Counterions Used in Forming Cationic Guars
Examples of cationic guars which may be suitably employed in the shampoo compositions herein include, but are not limited to cationic polysaccharides (e.g. cationic guars). Such cationic polymers are described in detail below.
Cationic polysaccharide polymers include the cationic polymers based on the galactomannan copolymer known as guar gum obtained from the endosperm of the guar bean.
b. Cationic Guar Derivatives
Other suitable polysaccharide cationic polymers for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention are cationic guar polymers. Guars are cationically substituted galactomannan (guar) gum derivatives.
Guar gum for use in preparing these guar gum derivatives is typically obtained as a naturally occurring material from the seeds of the guar plant. The guar molecule itself is a straight chain mannan branched at regular intervals with single membered galactose units on alternative mannose units. The mannose units are linked to each other by means of β(1-4) glycosidic linkages. The galactose branching arises by way of an α(1-6) linkage. Cationic derivatives of the guar gums are obtained by reaction between the hydroxyl groups of the polygalactomannan and reactive quaternary ammonium compounds. The degree of substitution of the cationic groups onto the guar structure must be sufficient to provide the requisite cationic charge density described above.
Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds for use in forming the cationic guar polymers include those conforming to the general Formula (XII): wherein where R1, R2 and R3 are methyl or ethyl groups; R4 is either an epoxyalkyl group of the general Formula (XIII): or R4 is a halohydrin group of the general Formula (XIV): wherein R5 is a C1 to C3 alkylene; X is chlorine or bromine, and Z is an anion such as Cl−, Br−, I−or HSO4 −.
The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention may, in some embodiments, further comprise additional optional components known or otherwise effective for use in hair care or personal care products. Additional surfactants, additional cationic polymers, suspending agents, polyalkylene glycols, hair growth regulating agents, and other optional components are described in detail below.
Cationic detersive surfactants suitable for use herein include, but are not limited to, surfactants containing quaternary nitrogen moieties. Examples of suitable cationic surfactants are those corresponding to the general Formula (XVIII): wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from a C1 to C22 aliphatic group or an aromatic, alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably C1 to C22 alkyl; and X is a salt-forrning anion, such as those selected from halogen (e.g. chloride, bromide), acetate, citrate, lactate, glycolate, phosphate nitrate, sulfate, and alkylsulfate radicals. The aliphatic groups can contain, in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, ether linkages, and other groups, such as amino groups. The longer chain (e.g. C12 and higher) aliphatic groups can be saturated or unsaturated.
B. Other Types of Cationic Polymers
The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention, a may, in some embodiments, further comprise cationic polymers other than the guars described above. Examples of cationic polymers which may be suitably employed in the shampoo compositions herein include, but are not limited to cationic polysaccharides (e.g. cationic cellulose derivatives), copolymers of vinyl monomers, vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers, cationic modified proteins, and certain polymeric quaternary salts. Such cationic polymers are described in detail below.
Cationic polysaccharide polymers include the following: cationic celluloses and hydroxyethylcelluloses; cationic starches and hydroxyalkyl starches; cationic polymers based on arabinose vegetable gums; cationic polymers derived from xylose polymers (such as those found in wood, straw, cottonseed hulls, and corn cobs); cationic polymers derived from fucose polymers (such as those found as a component of cell walls in seaweed); cationic polymers derived from fructose polymers (such as Inulin, which is found in certain plants); cationic polymers based on acid-containing sugars (such as galacturonic acid and glucouronic acid); cationic polymers based on amine sugars (such as galactosamine and glucosamine); cationic polymers based on 5 and 6 member ring polyalcohols; cationic polymers based on galactose monomers (such as those found in plant gums and mucilates); and cationic polymers based on mannose monomers (such as those found in plants, yeasts, and red algae). Preferred are cationic celluloses and hydroxyethylcelluloses; cationic starches and hydroxyalkyl starches; cationic polymers based on guar gum, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable polysaccharide cationic polymers for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention are the cationic cellulose derivatives and cationic starch derivatives. Such cationic polymers include those which conform to the general Formula (XI): wherein A is an anhydroglucose residual group (e.g. a starch or cellulose anhydroglucose residual); R is an alkylene oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group, or combination thereof, R1, R2, and R3 are independently alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms for each cationic moiety (i.e., the sum of carbon atoms in R1, R2; and R3) preferably being about 20 or less; and X is an anionic counterion as described above.
Preferred cationic cellulose polymers include, but are not limited to, those polymers available from Amerchol Corporation, in their Polymer JR and LR series of polymers, as salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 10 (e.g. JR 30M�, available from Amerchol Corporation). Preferred Polyquaternium 10 polymers for use herein, typically have a charge density from about 0.3 meq/g to about 3 meq/g and a molecular weight from about 200,000 to about 1,500,000. Another non-limiting of a preferred type of cationic cellulose includes the polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxide, known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24, (e.g. Polymer LM 200�, available from Amerchol Corporation).
Also suitable for use herein are those quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose copolymers of hydroxyethylcellulose reacted with diallyidimethyl ammonium chloride, known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 4 (e.g. Celquat� H-100, available from National Starch Corporation). Quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers suitable for use herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,418, and still other copolymers of etherified cellulose and starch suitable for use herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,958,581, both of which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
Other suitable cationic polymers for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention are copolymers of vinyl monomers, having cationic protonated amine or quaternary ammonium functionalities, reacted with water soluble monomers. Non-limiting examples of such monomers include: acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl acrylamides, alkyl and dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, vinyl caprolactone , vinyl pyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof The alkyl and dialkyl substituted monomers preferably have from C1 to C7 alkyl groups, more preferably from C1 to C3 alkyl groups. Other suitable monomers include vinyl esters, vinyl alcohol (made by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate), maleic anhydride, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
Other suitable cationic polymers for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention include: copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium salt (e.g., chloride salt), known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquatemium 16 (e.g. Luviquat� FC 370, available from BASF Wyandotte Corporation); copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquatemium II (e.g. Gafquat� 755N, available from ISP Corporation); cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers, including, for example, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer, known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 6; copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 7; and mineral acid salts of amino-alkyl esters of homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated C3 to C5 carboxylic acids, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,009,256, which description is incorporated herein by reference.
Still other cationic polymers for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention are cationic modified proteins, such as lauryidimonium hydroxypropyl collagen (e.g. Croquat� L, available from Croda Corporation), or cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolized hair keratin (e.g. Croquat� HH, available from Croda Corporation). Other cationic polymers include the polymeric quaternary salt prepared the reaction of adipic acid and dimethylaminopropylamine, reacted with dichloroethyl ether, known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 2 (e.g. Mirapol� AD-1, available from Rhodia), and the polymeric quaternary salt prepared by the reaction of azelaic acid and dimethylaminopropylether, known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 18 (e.g. Mirapol� AZ-1, available from Rhodia Corporation).
v. Additional Cationic Polymers
Still other suitable suspending agents may be used in the shampoo compositions, including those that can impart a gel-like viscosity to the composition, such as water soluble or colloidally water soluble polymers like cellulose ethers (e.g., methylcellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose), guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl guar gum, starch and starch derivatives, and other thickeners, viscosity modifiers, gelling agents, and mixtures thereof. A preferred viscosity modifier useful as a suspending agent is trihvdroxystearin, (e.g. Thixin R™, available from Rheox Company).
D. PolValkVlene Glycol
The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention may, in some embodiments, further comprise from about 0.005% to about 1.5%, by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, most preferably from about 0.1% to about 0.3%, of selected polyalkylene glycols suitable for application to the hair or skin. The select polyalkylene glycols are believed to provide enhanced lather performance, improved shampoo spreadability, and importantly, increased anti-dandruff particulate efficacy to the compositions described herein. Such polyalkylene glycols should be physically and chemically compatible with the essential components described herein, and should not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics, or performance.
Specific non-limiting examples of polyethylene glycol polymers for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention include: PEG 2M, wherein R is hydrogen and n has an average value of about 2,000 (e.g. Polyox WSR� N-10, available from Union Carbide); PEG 5M, wherein R is hydrogen and n has an average value of about 5,000 (e.g. Polyox WSR� N-35 and Polyox WSR� N-80, both available from Union Carbide); PEG 7M, wherein R is hydrogen and n has an average value of about 7,000 (e.g. Polyox WSR� N-750, available from Union Carbide); PEG 9M, wherein R is hydrogen and n has an average value of about 9,000 (e.g. Polyox WSR� N-3333, available from Union Carbide); PEG 14 M, wherein R is hydrogen and n has an average value of about 14,000 (e.g. Polyox WSR� N-3000, available from Union Carbide); PEG 23M, wherein R is hydrogen and n has an average value of about 23,000 (e.g. Polyox WSR�R N-12k, available from Union Carbide); PEG 90M, wherein R is hydrogen and n has an average value of about 90,000 (e.g. Polyox WSR� 301, available from Union Carbide); and PEG 100M, wherein R is hydrogen and n has an average value of about 100,000 (e.g. Carbowax PEG 4600™, available from Union Carbide). Preferred polyethylene glycols include PEG 7M, PEG 14M, PEG 25M, PEG 90M, and mixtures thereof.
E. Hair Growth Regulating Agents
Vasodilators such as potassium channel agonists including, for example, minoxidil and minoxidil derivatives such as aminexil and such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,382,247, U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,092, issued May 26, 1998, U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,990, issued Jun. 30, 1998, U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,043, issued Jun. 2, 1998, U.S. Pat. No. 328,914, issued Jul. 12, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,466,694, issued Nov. 14, 1995, U.S. Pat. No. 5,438,058, issued Aug. 1, 1995, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,474, issued Nov. 27, 1990, (all of which are herein incorporated by reference), and cromakalin and diazoxide can be used as optional hair growth regulating agents in the compositions herein.
Another suitable class of optional hair growth regulating agents are thyroid hormones and derivatives and analogs thereof. Examples of suitable thyroid hormones for use herein may include triiodothyrionine. Examples of thyroid hormone analogs which may be suitable for use herein include those described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/136,996, Zhang et al., “Method of Treating Hair Loss”, filed Jun. 1, 1999, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/137,024, Zhang et al., “Method of Treating Hair Loss Using Biphenyl Compounds”, filed Jun. 1, 1999, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/137,022, Zhang et al., “Method of Treating Hair Loss Using Carboxyl Derivatives”, filed Jun. 1, 1999, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/137,023, Zhang et al., “Method of Treating Hair Loss Using Sulfonyl Thyromimetic Compounds”, filed Jun. 1, 1999, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/137,052, Youngquist et al., “Biaryl Compounds”, filed Jun. 1, 1999, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/137,063, Youngquist et al., “Sulfur-Bridged Compounds”, filed Jun. 1, 1999, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/136,958, Youngquist et al., “Substituted Biaryl Ether Compounds”, filed Jun. 1, 1999.
Another class of optional hair growth regulating agents for use herein are retinoids. Suitable retinoids may include isotretinoin, acitretin, tazarotene, Non-limiting examples of penetration enhancers which may be used as optional hair growth regulating agents herein include, for example, 2-methyl propan-2-ol, propan-2-ol, ethyl-2-hydroxypropanoate, hexan-2,5-diol, POE(2) ethyl ether, di(2-hydroxypropyl) ether, pentan-2,4-diol, acetone, POE(2) methyl ether, 2-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, propan-1-ol, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, butan-1,4-diol, propylene glycol dipelargonate, polyoxypropylene 15 stearyl ether, octyl alcohol, POE ester of oleyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, dioctyl adipate, dicapryl adipate, di-isopropyl adipate, di-isopropyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate, diethyl sebacate, dimethyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, dibutyl suberate, dioctyl azelate, dibenzyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl azelate, ethyl myristate, dimethyl azelate, butyl myristate, dibutyl succinate, didecyl phthalate, decyl oleate, ethyl caproate, ethyl salicylate, iso-propyl palmitate, ethyl laurate, 2-ethyl-hexyl pelargonate, iso-propyl isostearate, butyl laurate, benzyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, hexyl laurate, ethyl caprate, ethyl caprylate, butyl stearate, benzyl salicylate, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, 2-hyroxyoctanoic acid, methylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, 2-pyrrolidone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, phosphine oxides, sugar esters, tetrahydrofurfural alcohol, urea, diethyl-m-toluamide, 1-dodecylazacyloheptan-2-one and those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,470, issued May 14, 1991 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,827, issued Jul. 15, 1994 (both of which are herein incorporated in its entirety by reference).
Other classes of optional hair growth regulating agents for use herein include flavinoids, ascomycin derivatives and analogs, histamine antagonists such as diphenhydramine hydrochloride, other triterpenes such as oleanolic acid and ursolic acid and those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,529,769, JP 10017431, WO 95/35103, U.S. Pat. No. 5,468,888, JP 09067253, WO 92/09262, JP 62093215, U.S. Pat. No. 5,631,282, U.S. Pat. No. 5,679,705, JP 08193094, saponins such as those described in EP 0,558,509 to Bonte et al, published Sep. 8, 1993 and WO 97/01346 to Bonte et al, published Jan. 16, 1997 (both of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), proeoglycanase or glycosaminoglycanase inhibitors such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,470, issued May 14, 1991, U.S. Pat. No. 5,300,284, issued Apr. 5, 1994 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,325, issued Feb. 9, 1993 (all of which are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference) estrogen agonists and antagonists, pseudoterins, cytokine and growth factor promotors, analogs or inhibitors such as interleukinl inhibitors, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-10 promotors, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, vitamins such as vitamin D analogs and parathyroid hormone antagonists, Vitamin B12 analogs and panthenol, interfuron agonists and antagonists, hydroxyacids such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,158, benzophenones and hydantoin anticonvulsants such as phenytoin.
Other hair growth agents are described in detail in, for example, JP 09-157,139 to Tsuji et al, published Jun. 17, 1997; EP 0277455 A1 to Mirabeau, published Aug. 10, 1988; WO 97/05887 to Cabo Soler et al, published Feb. 20, 1997; WO 92/16186 to Bonte et al, published Mar. 13, 1992; JP 62-93215 to Okazaki et al, published Apr. 28, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 4,987,150 to Kurono et al, issued Jan. 22, 1991; JP 290811 to Ohba et al, published Oct. 15, 1992; JP 05-286,835 to Tanaka et al, published Nov. 2, 1993, FR 2,723,313 to Greff, published Aug. 2, 1994, U.S. Patent 5,015,470 to Gibson, issued May 14, 1991, U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,092, issued Sep. 24, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,751, issued Jul. 16, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 5,714,515, issued Feb. 3, 1998, EPA 0,319,991, published Jun. 14, 1989, EPA 0,357,630, published Oct. 6, 1988, EPA 0,573,253, published Dec. 8, 1993, JP 61-260010, published Nov. 18, 1986, U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,990, issued Jun. 30, 1998, U.S. Pat. No. 5,053,410, issued Oct. 1, 1991, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,761,401, issued Aug. 2, 1988, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.
The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention may be prepared by any known or otherwise effective technique, suitable for providing a shampoo composition provided that the resulting composition provides the excellent hair feel benefits described herein. Methods for preparing the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos of the present invention include conventional formulation and mixing techniques. A method such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,66 1, which description is incorporated herein by reference, could be employed, wherein the anti-dandruff particulate of the present invention would typically be added in the same step as the silicone premix is added in the '661 description.
The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention are used in a conventional manner for cleansing and conditioning the hair or skin. They are particularly used in a conventional manner for treating the condition commonly known as dandruff. An effective amount of the composition for cleansing and conditioning the hair or skin is applied to hair, or other region of the body, that has preferably been wetted, generally with water, a nd then the composition is rinsed off. Effective amounts typically range from about 1 g to about 50 g, preferably from about 1 g to about 20 g. Application to the hair typically includes working the composition through the hair such that most or all of the hair is contacted with the composition.
A suitable method for preparing the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions described in Examples I-XV (below) follows: About one-third to all of the ammonium laureth sulfate (added as 25wt % solution) is added to a jacketed mix tank and heated to about 60� C. to about 80� C. with slow agitation to form a surfactant solution. Cocamide MEA and fatty alcohols, (where applicable), are added to the tank and allowed to disperse. Salts (e.g. sodium chloride) and pH modifiers (e.g. citric acid, sodium citrate) are added to the tank and allowed to disperse. Ethylene glycol distearate (“EGDS”) is added to the mixing vessel and allowed to melt. After the EGDS is melted and dispersed, preservative is added to the surfactant solution. The resulting mixture is cooled to about 25� C. to about 40� C. and collected in a finishing tank. As a result of this cooling step, the EGDS crystallizes to form a crystalline network in the product. The remainder of the ammonium laureth sulfate and other components, including the silicone and anti-dandruff particulate, are added to the finishing tank with agitation to ensure a homogeneous mixture. Cationic polymer is dispersed in water as an about 0.1% to about 10% aqueous solution and then added to the final mix. Once all components have been added, additional viscosity and pH modifiers may be added, as needed, to the mixture to adjust product viscosity and pH to the extent desired.
11 10 10 10 10 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
6 6 8 6 Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium
Chloride1 PEG90M2 —
Zinc Pyrithione3 1 1 1 1 1 1-decene homopolymer4 0.5
Trimethylpropane Capyl Caprylate5 —
Dimethicone6 1.5
1Guar having a molecular weight of about 200,000, and having a charge density of about 0.71 meq/g, available from Aqualon. 2Polyox WSR 301, available from Union Carbide. 3ZPT having an average particle size of about 2.5 μm, available from Arch/Olin. 4Puresyn 6, available from Mobil. 5Mobil P43, available from Mobil. 6Visasil 330,000 csk. available from General Electric Silicones. Example Number
12 12 10 12 12 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
5 6 6 5 4 Polyquaternium-101 —
Chloride2 PEG1003 —
PEG7M4 —
PEG23M5 0.15
Zinc Pyrithione6 1 1 1 1 1 1-decene homopolymer7 0.4
Dimethicone9 1.5
1UCARE Polymer LR400, available from Amerchol. 2Guar having a molecular weight of about 200,000, and having a charge density of about 0.71 meq/g, available from Aqualon. 3Carbowax PEG4600, available from Union Carbide. 4Polyox WSR N-750, available from Union Carbide. 5Polyox WSR N-12K, available from Union Carbide. 6ZPT having an average particle size of about 2.5 μm, available from Arch/Olin. 7Puresyn 6, available from Mobil. 8Mobil P43, available from Mobil. 9Visasil 330,000 csk. available from General Electric Silicones. Example Number
14 10 10 10 12.5 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
6 6 8 2 4.5
Chloride2 PEG7M3 —
PEG90M4 0.025
Zinc Pyrithione5 1 1 1 1 1 1-decene homopolymer6 0.2
Trimethylpropane Capyl
Caprylate7 Dimethicone8 1.0
1UCARE Polymer LR400, available from Amerchol. 2Guar having a molecular weight of about 200,000, and having a charge density of about 0.71 meq/g, available from Aqualon. 3Polyox WSR N-750, available from Union Carbide. 5Polyox WSR-301, available from Union Carbide. 6ZPT having an average particle size of about 2.5 μm, available from Arch/Olin. 7Puresyn 6, available from Mobil. 8Mobil P43, available from Mobil. 9Visasil 330,000 csk. available from General Electric Silicones. 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DBA UNILEVEREffective date: 20130814May 20, 2014IPRAia trial proceeding filed before the patent and appeal board: inter partes reviewFree format text: TRIAL NO: IPR2014-00628Opponent name: CONOPCO, INC. DBA UNILEVER, UNILEVER, PLC, UNILEEffective date: 20140415Apr 24, 2015FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services