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August 1, 2017 | Author: Milos Stojanovic | Category: Lighting, Measuring Instrument, Measurement, Calibration, Accuracy And Precision
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Road lighting - Part 4: Methods of measuring lighting performance Eclairage public - Partie 4: Méthodes de mesure des performances photométriques
Straßenbeleuchtung - Teil 4: Methoden zur Messung der Gütemerkmale von Straßenbeleuchtungsanlagen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 September 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Ref. No. EN 13201-4:2003 E
EN 13201-4:2003 (E)
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 1
Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Normative references............................................................................................................................ 4
Photometric measurements................................................................................................................. 4
Measurement conditions...................................................................................................................... 4 Stabilization after switch-on ................................................................................................................ 4 Climatic conditions ............................................................................................................................... 4 Extraneous light and obstruction of light........................................................................................... 5 Measurements taken from a moving vehicle ..................................................................................... 5
Non-photometric measurements......................................................................................................... 5 General ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Geometric data ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Electric tension of supply .................................................................................................................... 6 Temperature........................................................................................................................................... 6 Instruments............................................................................................................................................ 6
Location of grid points and observer.................................................................................................. 6
Measurement of illuminance................................................................................................................ 6 General ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Height and orientation of the photometer head................................................................................. 7 Measurement grid ................................................................................................................................. 7
Measurement of luminance.................................................................................................................. 7
Test report.............................................................................................................................................. 8
Annex A (informative) Example of test report format ..................................................................................... 9 A.1 General test information....................................................................................................................... 9 A.2 Geometrical data ................................................................................................................................... 9 A.3 Road surface data ................................................................................................................................. 9 A.4 Lamp and luminaire data.................................................................................................................... 10 A.5 Electricity supply................................................................................................................................. 10 A.6 Environmental conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 A.7 Condition of installation ..................................................................................................................... 11 A.8 Measuring instruments....................................................................................................................... 11 A.9 Measurement grid ............................................................................................................................... 12 A.10 Light monitoring record ..................................................................................................................... 13 A.11 Measurements from a moving vehicle .............................................................................................. 13 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Foreword This document (EN 13201-4:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2004. This document EN 13201-4 has been worked out by the Joint Working Group of CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting” and CEN/TC 226 “Road Equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Annex A is informative. This document includes a Bibliography. This standard, EN 13201 Road lighting, consists of three parts. This document is: Part 4: Methods of measuring lighting performance The other parts of EN 13201 are: Part 2: Performance requirements Part 3: Calculation of performance According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction The purpose of this part of this European standard is to establish conventions and procedures for lighting measurements of road lighting installations, and to give advice on the use and selection of luminance meters and illuminance meters. The conventions for observer position and location of measurement points are those adopted in EN 13201-3. However, relaxation from these is permitted where the measurements are used for monitoring the performance of an installation or other purposes. Conditions which may lead to inaccuracies are identified and precautions are given to minimize these. A format for the presentation of the measurements is suggested.
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 13201-3, Road lighting — Part 3: Calculation of performance.
The procedures adopted should be suited to the purpose of the measurements. Where the measurements are required for comparison with calculated values then the utmost stringency will be required to ensure that a valid comparison can be made. Where the measurements are required for monitoring the state of an installation then it is possible that a more limited set of measurements at widely spaced locations will suffice. The main essential in this case is that the measurements are carried out in the same way each time monitoring is carried out. In other cases spot checks may be sufficient.
Measurement conditions Stabilization after switch-on
Discharge lamps require a period of time for their light output to stabilize. llluminance measurements at the same location or locations shall be taken at regular time intervals to ensure that stability has been reached, before definitive light measurements of the installation are made. To ensure that stability is maintained during the period of measurement, monitoring readings shall be taken (see A.10).
The climatic conditions should be such as not to affect the measurements significantly, unless this is intended. High or low temperatures may affect the light output of thermally sensitive lamps or the accuracy of the light measuring instruments. Condensation of moisture on light transmitting surfaces of measuring instruments or on their electric circuits may affect their accuracy. High wind speeds may make the luminaires oscillate or make the measuring instruments vibrate. They may also lower the temperature of thermally sensitive lamps thereby affecting their light output. Even a slight dampness of the road surface may significantly affect the luminance of the road surface. The light transmission of the atmosphere will affect the light reaching the surface to be measured, and in the case of luminance measurements the light reaching the luminance meter from the surface to be measured.
Extraneous light and obstruction of light
When measurements are intended to record the lighting performance of the road lighting installation only, direct or reflected light from the surrounds should be prevented or accounted for. Action taken to do this should be recorded in the report on the measurements (see A.7). NOTE Light from the surrounds can include light from shop windows, advertising signs, road signals, lights on vehicles, other lighting installations, sky glow, reflections from snow at the road side, etc. This lighting can sometimes be prevented, masked or switched off, or sometimes a correction can be made which is based on separate measurements taken with the road lighting installation switched off. A correction for sky glow depends on the cloudiness not being variable.
When measurements are intended to record the unobstructed light from the installation, measurement areas should be selected which are free of obstructions that may produce shadows. These may include trees, parked cars, or road furniture. The presence of obstructions should be recorded in the report on the measurements (see A.7).
Measurements taken from a moving vehicle
The light performance of an installation can be measured from a moving vehicle. The main differences between dynamic and static measurements are:
the number of measurement points is greater in the case of dynamic measurements: the requirements in EN 13201-3 for observer position and location of grid points may be more difficult or impossible to meet in the case of dynamic measurements.
To produce useful and reliable results a dynamic measurement system shall: a)
for every measurement point, be able to link the position of the photometric head in terms of height, and transverse and longitudinal distances or coordinates to a datum such as the kerb;
minimize any effects, such as vehicle shadow, light reflection, and electronic noise, the vehicle may have on the detector readings;
be equipped with photometric heads conforming to the requirements specified in clauses 7 and 8. Measurements from a moving vehicle should include the information listed in A.11.
Non-photometric measurements
The selection of non-photometric measurements should be related to the purpose of the measurements. Where measurements are required for comparison with calculated values, detailed non-photometric measurements will be required. Where the measurements are required for monitoring the state of an installation then it is possible that less detailed non-photometric measurements will suffice.
On-site measurements should be made of the geometry of the installation. These should include measurements in plan of the installation, the height of the columns, and the length of the outreach. In addition tilt in application of the luminaires, orientation of the luminaires, and rotation of the luminaires should be measured when possible or when these data may be relevant for meeting the objectives of the measurement.
Electric tension of supply
At the start of a measurement, the electric tension of the supply, at as many lighting columns as is necessary, shall be measured. During the measurement, the electric tension shall be measured continuously at a significant point in the electric installation, and observed. A recording voltmeter is preferable for this purpose.
The temperature shall be measured at a height of 1,0 m above ground level and recorded at intervals of 30 min.
All instruments shall be calibrated. NOTE There can be requirements for quality assurance of instruments which may be requested as part of a tender or specification.
Location of grid points and observer
To assess the agreement between measured and calculated values, the position of the grid points at which measurements are taken and the position of the observer should agree with those used for the calculation. These latter should be in accordance with one of those given in EN 13201-3. This may involve the taking of a large number of observations, which may be impracticable because of time limitations or other considerations. In these circumstances, fewer observations may be taken but there will be a loss of accuracy. Maximum and minimum values may be found by searching rather than by recording numerous values over a closely spaced grid.
Measurement of illuminance General
Illuminance shall be measured with an illuminance meter which has a performance suitable for the purpose of the measurements. Where the measurements are required for monitoring purposes, absolute calibration of the illuminance meter is not necessary, but consideration should be given to the long term ageing of the illuminance meter. NOTE 1 Guidance on the performance of illuminance meters is given in CIE Publication 53:1982 and CIE Publication 69:1987.
For the measurement of horizontal and vertical illuminance a photometer head for the measurement of planar illuminance is required. For semicylindrical or hemispherical illuminance a photometer head designed for the purpose is required. NOTE 2 Hemispherical illuminance at a point can be measured by means of an illuminance meter for measuring planar illuminance by adopting the following procedure. The horizontal illuminance Ehorizontal from all the luminaires is measured at the point. The component E1 is measured from each luminaire in turn by directing the surface of the photometer head so that it receives light at right-angles to its surface from the luminaire being measured, and all other light is excluded. The hemispherical illuminance Ehemispherical is given by:
n 1 E hemispherical  [E horizontal  (E k ] 4 k 1
is the contribution from the k luminaire;
indicates the summation of the contributions from the 1 to the n luminaire.
Care should be taken that personnel making the measurements do not obscure light that would otherwise reach the photometer head. For this reason it is recommended that either an illuminance meter with photometer head attached to the meter by means of a cable or an illuminance meter with a remote hold cable be used. Cables should be sufficiently long for observers to position themselves so that they do not obscure any of the light that would otherwise reach the photometer head. The use of gimbals eases the task of maintaining the photometer head at the correct inclination with respect to the vertical. NOTE 3 Atmospheric absorption can significantly reduce the luminous intensity of the light reaching the illuminance meter (see 4.2).
Height and orientation of the photometer head Horizontal and hemispherical illuminance The plane of the light sensitive surface of the photometer head shall be horizontal. It should be positioned at ground level but where this is not possible the plane of the light sensitive surface shall be within 200 mm of ground level, and recorded in the test report.
Semicylindrical and vertical illuminance The centre of the light sensitive surface of the photometer head shall be positioned 1,5 m above ground level. The light sensitive surface of the photometer head shall be vertical and have the correct orientation, typically facing longitudinally. Guidance is given in EN 13201-3.
Unless an alternative grid is agreed between the parties concerned as being satisfactory, the grid of measurement points should be that specified in EN 13201-3. The photometer head shall be positioned precisely over each measurement point.
Luminance of the road surface shall be measured with a calibrated luminance meter which has a performance suitable for the purpose of the measurements. NOTE 1 Average illuminance is calculated by averaging the illuminance at points equally spaced in plan whereas average luminance measured by a single reading gives, in effect, perspective weighting to each point. This should not result in significant discrepancy. Guidance on the performance of luminance meters is given in CIE Publication 69:1987 and CIE Publication 53:1982.
For measurement of the luminance at a grid point, the luminance meter shall be capable of restricting the total angle of the measurement cone to 2 min of arc in the vertical plane and 20 min of arc in the horizontal plane. For the measurement of average luminance by means of a single reading, the meter shall have a masking facility by which only light from the relevant area of the road surface is included in the measurement. The angle of view of the meter shall be at (89 ± 0,5)° to the normal to the road surface.
Unless an alternative grid is agreed as being satisfactory, the grid of measurement points shall conform with that selected for calculation. The positions for the luminance meter shall be the same as those given for the observer in EN 13201-3. NOTE 2 The field of calculation specified in EN 13201-3 commences 60 m from the observer. This means that to prevent overlap of the measurement areas as seen through a luminance meter set at this distance, the angular subtense of the measurement cone should be small, as indicated above. As a less rigorous alternative, a luminance meter with a larger measurement cone can be used at a closer distance and a lower height. It is recommended that the measurement cone of the luminance meter should not exceed 30 min of arc, and the size of the measurement area on the road should not be greater than 0,5 m transversely and 2,5 m longitudinally. NOTE 3 Because of the variation of the road surface reflecting properties, both spatially and temporally, there can be large differences between measured and calculated luminances. It can, therefore, be considered preferable to compare calculated illuminances and measured illuminances. This has also the advantage of eliminating the need for luminance measurements, which are difficult to make on site. NOTE 4 Ideally, for roads in the dry condition, a number of samples of the road surface should be removed for measurement under laboratory conditions. This is an expensive and lengthy procedure, which may not be practicable. At present there is no generally available portable instrument for taking these measurements. Visual inspection can indicate that certain parts of the road differ from the other parts owing to wear and oily deposits along the length of the road. These differences can be easily visible with light coloured road surfaces, such as concrete, and should be noted in the report of the measurements (see A.3). NOTE 5 In advance of taking measurements, it can be convenient to mark out the relevant grid on the road surface with markers which allow the meter to be correctly aligned when they are viewed through the viewfinder of the luminance meter. Should they appear in the measuring cone of the luminance meter they should be removed before a measurement is taken. NOTE 6 Dampness or wetness of the road surface will significantly affect its luminance (4.2). Atmospheric absorption will reduce the light reaching the road surface and the light from the road surface reaching the luminance meter.
Where the measurements are required for monitoring purposes, absolute calibration of the luminance meter is not necessary, but consideration should be given to the long term ageing of the luminance meter. In addition, the constraints on field of view mentioned above may be relaxed.
The test report should contain all relevant information gathered during the measurement. Annex A is an example of a format for a test report.
Annex A (informative) Example of test report format
A.1 General test information Name of site Date of test Time of test Names of personnel participating in test
A.2 Geometrical data Sketch of the road, and relevant surrounds, with dimensions and positions of the luminaires, where possible supplemented by photographs. Position of road furniture, parked vehicles, and any other obstructions.
A.3 Road surface data Type of road surface Age of road surface Observations on condition of road surface
A.4 Lamp and luminaire data Luminaire type 1
Identification Intensity table number Tilt (degrees) Mounting height (m) Age Date last cleaned Mounting method Other data
Lamps in luminaire type 1
Type Power (W) Age Number Ballast Dimming method
Luminaire type 2
Lamps in luminaire type 2
A.5 Electricity supply Average electric tension during measuring period (V) Lowest electric tension during measuring period (V)
A.6 Environmental conditions Environmental condition Weather Temperature °C Visibility Road surface (wet, dry or damp)
A.7 Condition of installation Geometry of installation Tilt in application of luminaire State of maintenance of luminaires Extraneous light Obstruction to light Other aspects of installation
A.8 Measuring instruments Meter type
Date of a calibration
Name of certifying a authority
Planar illuminance Hemispherical illuminance Semicylindrical illuminance Luminance Angular size of measuring field (°) Vertical: Transverse: Voltmeter
If requested in a tender or specification.
A.9 Measurement grid Metres
Type of measurement Height of photometer head (m) Identification number of meter Range or ranges used For luminance: position of photometer head relative to grid Indicate on the diagram the positions of luminaires and the measurement points, and photometric values recorded, as well as operative direction or directions semicyclindrical and vertical illuminance
A.10 Light monitoring record Switching installation
Time at commencement of measurements Location 1
Average illuminance measurement time
Standard deviation of illuminance during measurement time Location 2
Standard deviation of illuminance during measurement time Location 3
Standard deviation of illuminance during measurement time
A.11 Measurements from a moving vehicle Luminance measurements
Method of measurement, for example by recording image for laboratory analysis or by point measurement by luminance meter Precautions to allow for transmission loss by windscreen, if present
Method of measurement including method of allowing for vehicle shadow
Illuminance and measurements
Method of linking geometrical position of recording instrument to positions of measurement points
Uncertainty in linking geometrical position of recording instrument to positions of measurement points Uncertainty of recorded values Indication of how characteristics are calculated
prCEN/TR 13201-1, Road lighting —Selection of lighting classes. EN 13201-2, Road lighting – Performance requirements. EN 12665, Light and lighting — Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements. prEN 13032-1, Light and lighting — Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires — Part 1:Measurement and file format . CIE Publication 47:1979, Road lighting for wet conditions. CIE Publication 53:1982, Methods of characterising the performance of radiometers and photometers. CIE Publication 66:1984, Road surfaces and lighting. CIE Publication 69:1987, Methods of characterising illuminance meters and luminance meters — Performance, characteristics and specifications. CIE Publication 140:2000, Road lighting calculations. NSVV Deek 2:1992, Aanbevelingen voor openbare verlichting.
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