Source: http://www.google.fr/patents/US7779018
Timestamp: 2017-12-17 10:20:39
Document Index: 793194600

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 04', 'Application No. 04', 'Application No. 04', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 04388019', 'Application No. 07']

Brevet US7779018 - Presentation of data using meta-morphing - Google Brevets
A computer-implemented method for presenting data is disclosed. The method includes determining items in a question that are contained in a predefined list of items and are defined to be measures or dimensions, determining an association based on the determined items and, based on the determined association,...http://www.google.fr/patents/US7779018?utm_source=gb-gplus-shareBrevet US7779018 - Presentation of data using meta-morphing
Numéro de publication US7779018 B2
Numéro de demande US 10/556,214
Numéro PCT PCT/DK2004/000347
Date de publication 17 août 2010
Date de dépôt 17 mai 2004
Date de priorité 15 mai 2003
Autre référence de publication US20070174262
Numéro de publication 10556214, 556214, PCT/2004/347, PCT/DK/2004/000347, PCT/DK/2004/00347, PCT/DK/4/000347, PCT/DK/4/00347, PCT/DK2004/000347, PCT/DK2004/00347, PCT/DK2004000347, PCT/DK200400347, PCT/DK4/000347, PCT/DK4/00347, PCT/DK4000347, PCT/DK400347, US 7779018 B2, US 7779018B2, US-B2-7779018, US7779018 B2, US7779018B2
Inventeurs Morten Middelfart
Cessionnaire d'origine Targit A/S
Citations de brevets (77), Citations hors brevets (52), Référencé par (3), Classifications (7), Événements juridiques (2)
Presentation of data using meta-morphing
US 7779018 B2
A computer-implemented method for presenting data is disclosed. The method includes determining items in a question that are contained in a predefined list of items and are defined to be measures or dimensions, determining an association based on the determined items and, based on the determined association, retrieving presentation properties related to a stored association, applying the determined association query the database, and retrieving data which is presented using the presentation properties. The method also includes registering a count that representing a frequency of use of the presentation properties.
1. A computer-implemented method of making a presentation of data retrieved by submitting a query to a database including data categorized as a measures-type, which includes data representing amounts, and data categorized as a dimensions-type, which includes data along which measures-type data can be arrayed, said method comprising:
receiving, from a computer-user interface device, a question including a plurality of data items;
comparing the plurality of data items in the question to a set of reference data items in the database, said reference data items belonging to either of the measures-type category or the dimensions-type category;
identifying, based on said comparing, a first of the plurality of data items in the question that is included in the set of reference data items and belongs to the measures-type category;
identifying, based on said comparing, a second of the plurality of data items in the question that is included in the set of reference data items and belongs to the dimensions-type category;
determining whether a first, predefined association exists between the first data item and the second data item;
in the event that a first, predefined association exists between the first data item and the second data item:
determining a similarity between the first association and one or more second associations stored in the database, said second associations having corresponding presentation properties;
retrieving presentation properties corresponding to one of said second associations based on the determined similarity of the second association and the first association;
generating a database query based on the first association;
retrieving data from the database, said retrieved data corresponding to a result obtained by querying the database using said generated query; and
presenting the retrieved data on a display device according to the retrieved presentation properties;
registering in the database the first association and the second association with a count that represents a frequency of use; and
in the event that no first, predefined association exists between the first data item and the second data item:
identifying one of the plurality of data items in the question that belongs to either the dimensions-type or the measures-type,
selecting a data item belonging to either the measures-type or the dimensions-type, respectively, from a data storage device, wherein said selecting is based on the most frequently used data item of the dimensions-type or the measures-type, respectively, and
creating a third association between the selected data item and the determined one of the plurality of data items.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining items in the question includes: parsing the question to identify fractions of the question; comparing identified fractions to items comprised in the predefined list of items; and selecting an item being determined as matching the fraction as a determined item.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method includes: receiving a spoken question, which is processed by a step of performing speech recognition to provide items in the question in computer-readable form.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein identifying data items in the question includes:
determining whether a word in the question is similar to an item in the predefined list of items;
if the word is determined not to be similar, discarding the word; and
if the word is determined to be similar, storing the word as a identified data item.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining a similarity comprises:
searching a first storage device to detect a previously used association, if any, involving the determined data items, and
in the event no previously used association involving the identified data items are found, creating an association including the identified data items.
examining the question to detect combinations of associations;
determining presentation properties by searching stored combinations of associations with assigned presentation properties; and
applying the presentation properties to make a presentation of data specified by the combinations of associations.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step of selecting a data item of the measures type or dimensions type includes:
selecting from a storage device the data items that can be associated with the identified data item in the question to create an association.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of identifying a data item of the measures type involves selecting from a storage device the data items that are determined to be the most frequently used data items in association with the determined data item in the question.
9. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: creating a memory object for each determined data item of the dimensions type.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of retrieving the presentation properties of the second association comprises: applying the presentation properties to make a presentation of the data specified by the second association.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determination
of presentation properties comprises a layered search for presentation properties.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the layered search comprises a first level with a search for a match of measures and same dimensions.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the layered search comprises a second level with a search for a match of measures and different dimensions.
14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the layered search comprises a third level with a search for a match of dimension at primarily same level of dimension or secondarily at a different level of dimension.
15. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of applying an expert system, arranged to determine and apply presentation properties, in the event no like association is found.
16. A computer-readable medium encoded with a program implementing the method set forth in claim 1 when run on a computer.
17. A computer program product implementing the method set forth in claim 1 when run on a computer.
18. A computer-readable medium storing program instructions that, when executed by a computer, controls the computer provide a user-interface arranged to make a presentation of data according to method set forth in claim 1.
a computer-user interface device;
a database including data categorized as a measures-type, which includes data representing amounts, and data categorized as a dimensions-type, which includes data along which measures-type data can be arrayed; and
a computer-readable data recording device having program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system to perform a method of making a presentation of data retrieved by submitting a query to the database, said method comprising:
receiving, from the computer-user interface device, a question including a plurality of data items;
retrieving data from the database, said retrieved data corresponding to a result obtained by querying the database using said generated query;
presenting the retrieved data on the display device according to the retrieved presentation properties, and
in the event that no first predefined association exists between the first data item and the second data item:
selecting a data item belonging to either the measures-type or the dimensions-type, respectively, from a data storage device, wherein the selecting is based on being the most frequently used data item of the dimensions-type or the measures-type, respectively, and
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 10/449,811 filed May 29, 2003, claims the benefit thereof and incorporates the same by reference.
Data processing for analytical or monitoring/reporting purposes ranging from simple accounting or storage of collected sample values to complex calculations or advanced queries to complex data structures generates results which are presented graphically/visually to a user. Thereby the user is able to interpret the results and make decisions based on them. This may be irrespective of whether they are presented in textual form or in a graph form.
Presentation means may be more or less suitable for making a presentation of a specific result with given contents, structure and format. Typically, the user is the only one to make a decision on that since it may require knowledge of the result, which is not present in the application wherein the presentation is made. However, the layout properties for specific presentation means are to some extent determined by properties of the physical medium on which the presentation is to be made. These properties are typically known to the application since knowledge of these properties is required to make the presentation. Therefore, the application can to some extent provide automatic setting of the layout properties. However, when it comes to layout properties which clearly are to be set in response to preferences of individual users and which may depend heavily of the content, structure and format of the result, it becomes critical to select a presentation automatically or semi-automatically.
A well-recognised organisation of data for analysis purposes comprises multidimensional databases e.g. so-called cube databases, or simply Cubes, for OLAP, OnLine Analytical Processing, databases. However, various types of databases and other types of data structures can be used for analytical processing, including relational databases, flat file databases, XML (Extensible Markup Language) databases, etc. In these databases elements of data can be denoted data items and can be defined as a field in a specific record, a cell in a table or spreadsheet, or a delimiter or tag separated or fixed-length data entity.
In the prior art several techniques for making presentations of data are disclosed.
WO 82/00726 discloses a mechanism for generating graphic charts based on a user interface wherefrom a user can create new charts or recall previously created charts. The mechanism involves a selector mechanism which co-operates with the user interface to provide a set of interdependent and sequential menus which in combination provides guidance for the user in the process of composing a chart. The chart is created in a user selected input mode from user selected chart objects and descriptors of the chart objects. Hence, the user is provided with a wizard-like guidance wherefrom also previously created charts may be selected and recalled. The user however, has to remember which chart to select and recall.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,510 discloses a method for controlling the process of designing the layout of a computer-generated graph by automatical adjustment of design parameters that determines the layout of the graph in response to user selected parameters that are selected at a higher level of abstraction of the computer-generated graph. This is carried into effect by referencing each group of multiple design parameters by a single user selectable parameter.
The article “Design of multimedia semantic presentation templates: options, problems and criteria of use” in PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKING CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED VISUAL INTERFACES, ACM PRESS, 24-27 May 1998, pages 205-215 discloses a set of multimedia presentation templates along with a set of criteria, which can be used to drive their application. Presentations are based on an initial analysis of the data selected by a query, the data types of the database attributes involved, and the set of multimedia presentation templates along with a set of criteria. Data aggregations which each represents an equivalence class of presentations are obtained by associating each of composition operators with a corresponding set of presentation templates. Thereby an automatic generation of a multimedia presentation from query result is provided.
Application of the disclosed multimedia presentation templates require, however, a complete mapping between the templates and the database attributes. This mapping can be complex and cumbersome, especially if a large number of attributes and templates exist or if further data attributes or presentation templates are added to an existing design. Since the presentation templates are mapped to the data attributes, the data attributes and the query result must be precisely, completely and unambiguously defined in the query. This may work well for users that have a through knowledge of the specific database and database query design. But for the broader group of users the disclosed application of presentation templates will lead to dissatisfied users in that they probably do not have the skills to prepare a presentation at all. The disclosed application is thus only a way of handling constraints between data and possible presentations.
Despite being involved with the queries that generate data to be presented, the prior art is not involved with retrieving previously stored presentation properties, in the sense of generating a presentation, at a sufficiently high level of aid to the user requesting a presentation.
The present invention overcomes this and other problems by means of a computer-implemented method of making a presentation of data that are retrieved by submitting a query to a database in which data items are categorized as being of a measures or a dimensions type; the method comprises the following steps: from a question received by a user interface, determining those items in the question that are contained in a predefined list of items that are available in the database and are defined to be of the measures type or the dimensions type; based on the determined items, determining an association, which comprises a data item of the measures type and a data item of the dimensions type, which data items are comprised in the predefined list of data items; based on the determined association and previously stored associations, which previously stored associations are each related to presentation properties, retrieving the presentation properties of the association, among the stored associations, which is most similar to the determined association; and applying the association to make a query to the database to retrieve data which are presented by means of the presentation properties.
Contrary to a query to a database, a natural language question is not to the same degree bound to a formal syntax. As stated in one of the above paragraphs, items in query e.g. data items and operators must typically be completely and unambiguously defined in the query. However, most and even completely unskilled users are able to ask questions. Thus, preferably the step of determining items in the question comprises the steps of: parsing the question to identify fractions of the question; comparing identified fractions to items comprised in the predefined list of items; and selecting an item being determined as matching the fraction as a determined item. Thereby, items in questions can be identified despite the question is formulated vaguely. Since, according to the invention, an association of a measure and a dimension is always either identified or created and since such an association specifies a set of data, the set of data can always be retrieved even from a vaguely or syntactical loosely formulated question. As an example, consider the question “I do not understand my customers in year 2000”. This question is not suitable for querying a database, but according to invention this question can be converted automatically to a formal query. The individual words of the question can be identified as fractions of the question. If the predefined list of items comprises among others: ‘customers’ and ‘year’ and ‘2000’ the corresponding words in the question will lead to the items being determined as matching the determined item. To this end, ‘customers’ can be identified as a dimension, and ‘2000’ (optionally in connection with ‘year’) can be identified as a dimension value which is more generally known as a criterion. In the question considered, the question is lacking an item of measures type. Thus an association must according to the invention be created e.g. by looking up previously used associations comprising the identified dimension.
Based on the association with a measure and a dimension and optionally a dimension value, a query conforming to a query syntax of a database providing the data asked for can be composed. The step of composing the formal query is within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art. If for instance a user has asked for a presentation of a specific measure and a specific dimension, generation of the query comprises looking up a table of previously used presentations to establish the level of the dimension at which to retrieve the measure.
In recent time speech recognition has developed to an advanced stage, but the task of receiving an arbitrary spoken word from an arbitrary person, recognizing the word and providing the word in computer-readable form is a task which still does not provide unambiguous results. Therefore speech recognition has not been successfully used for querying databases in a form where the query has a free form. However, in a preferred embodiment, the invention comprises a step of receiving a spoken question, which is processed by a step of performing speech recognition to provide items in the question in computer-readable form. Hereby, the identification of items in the question and determination of an association according to the invention provides steps of speech recognition which efficiently improves the performance of the speech recognition for the purpose of receiving a question and converting it to a query. More specifically, the sample space of words recognized by the speech recognition is narrowed down to words or data items in a predefined list.
Preferably, the invention comprises a step of searching a first storage to detect a previously used association, if any, involving the determined data items, and in the event no previously used association involving the determined data items are found, creating an association involving the determined data item. Thereby a complete association can be created from an incomplete association.
In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the steps of examining the question to detect combinations of associations; determining presentation properties by searching stored combinations of associations with assigned presentation properties; and applying the presentation properties to make a presentation of data specified by the combinations of associations.
Accordingly, presentation properties that are specific for combinations of multiple associations can be stored and applied. This is expedient when a presentation involves multiple graphical presentation means e.g. a pie chart and a bar graph or a pie chart and a table of figures.
Preferably, the step of retrieving the presentation properties comprises the steps of: searching a first storage for presentation properties of a previously stored, like association, and in the event presentation properties of a previously stored, like association is found, applying the presentation properties to make a presentation of the data specified by the association.
Additionally, it may be convenient that the method comprises the step of applying an expert system, arranged to determine and apply presentation properties, in the event no like association is found.
FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method according to the invention of determining an association;
FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of a method according to the invention of determining a presentation;
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of making a presentation from a question; and
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of improving speech recognition.
Special modules may be provided to transform operational data from a source database or transaction database to analytical data in a data warehouse. In some situations it may be inconvenient to transform the operational data to analytical data which are stored in another database.
Therefore the operational database, which is typically a relational database, can be emulated such that it is exposes an interface from which the operational database appears and is accessible as a multidimensional database.
The user interface 101 is shown in the form of a window which has a control bar 104 with controls for closing, minimizing the size of the window and either maximizing the size or restoring the size of the window. The window comprises controls in the form of an input text box 102, an adjustment box 103, and a container 108 in which different graphical presentation objects (105,106,107) can be placed. Different presentation objects can be placed in the container, e.g. a bar chart object 105, a pie chart object 107, and a list object 106.
By means of the input box 102 a user can write a question in a natural language in his preferred language e.g. the English language. Alternatively, the input box 102 can designate a means for receiving and recognizing a spoken question; for instance by means of a microphone and voice recognition means. From a user's perspective this question constitutes a query to the database 113. In an exemplary embodiment the database can contain the following data items, wherein the date items are categorized as measures and dimensions and wherein a dimension exists at different levels such as day, month, and year:
A question like the above ones are forwarded to a data determination unit 112, which is arranged to identify data items and their category and levels by parsing the question.
Based on the identified data items, the data determination unit 112 is able to look up a storage memory 110 of previously used combinations of meta-data and presentation properties. The contents of the storage memory 110 can have the following form as shown in table 1:
Typically, a level will be named more intuitively e.g. ‘time, level 1’ could be ‘time, per year’ etc.
The data determining unit 112 converts the question to a query that can be submitted to a database 113 via a database connection. In response to the query, the database provides a result data set. This result data set is sent to a presentation memory object 114. Thereby the result data set and the presentation properties are handled in the same memory object 114.
Via the presentation determining unit 111, the presentation properties from the data object or from the adjustment box 103 can be used for updating the frequency count and/or another update of the storage with the registered combinations of data and presentation properties in storage memory 110.
The frequency count and/or another update of the storage can be updated in response to a user changing focus from the container 108 to the input box 102 and/or closing or minimizing the window 104. Alternatively, a button or other control (not shown) on the user interface 101 can be used as an acceptance of storing the presentation properties of the present presentation and/or update the frequency count. In the latter case, a more user committed update is provided.
Presence of controls and/or parameters in the adjustment box 103 can be regulated by registering a frequency of use for the individual controls.
Thereby, e.g. the top 4 or 5 most used controls can be adapted to be directly available in a primary box, whereas access to additional less frequently used controls is provided in a secondary box.
It should be noted also in connection with this embodiment that the input box 102 can designate a means for receiving and recognizing a spoken question;
for instance by means of a microphone and voice recognition means.
The aspect of expanding an association from an identified association and/or measure and/or dimension can be embodied as an individual step between section 308 and 310. Alternatively, the aspect can be embodied by means of section 310. In any event, when an association is expanded presentation properties is to be applied to make a presentation of the multiple associations obtained by expanding an identified association.
It should be noted that step 302 can be applied iteratively to identify multiple associations and/or measures and/or dimensions in the metadata.
At a first level of a layered search for presentation properties, the method comprises a step 501 of seeking a match of all data items of an association; and if a match is found (Y), step 502 directs the method to a next object. Alternatively (N), if no match is found, step 502 directs the method to a second level at which the method comprises a step 503 of seeking a match of an identified data item of the measures type only. Thereby, an associated data item of the dimensions type can be different from the identified data item of the dimensions type. If a match is found (Y), step 504 redirects the method to a next object. Alternatively (N), if no match is found, step 504 directs the method to a third level at which the method comprises a step 505 of seeking a match of data items of the dimensions type at same dimensions levels—for instance ‘time, month’ may match whereas ‘time, day’ consequently will not match. In the positive event, a match is found; step 506 directs the method to a next object. In the negative event, a match is not found; step 506 directs the method to a fourth level. At this fourth level the method comprises a step 507 of seeking a match of an identified data item of the dimensions type only. Thus, allowing the dimension level to be different. If a match is found (Y), step 508 redirects the method to a next object. Alternatively, it is deduced that no like presentation has been recorded and an expert system is applied in step 509 to select presentation properties based on e.g. constraints of the medium on which the presentation is to be produced and/or based on the structure and/or format of the data to be presented. The method is redirected to a next object from steps 502, or 504, or 506, or 508, or 509 via steps 510, 511 and 512. In case step 408 is resumed from a stage corresponding to transition ‘A’, step 512 of selecting a next object leads to step 501 is more objects were identified in step 510. Alternatively, if the method is not arranged to resume at step 408 from a stage corresponding to transition ‘A’, step 512 of selecting a next object is omitted and the flow is resumed at step 408 from step 511 in positive events (Y).
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of making a presentation from a question. The question, designated QST, is received in the form of a text input in step 602 or alternatively in the form of a spoken question, which is processed by a step 605 of performing speech recognition on the spoken question. The question is subsequently provided in computer-readable form. Whatever the form of the question, QST, it is submitted by a human user 603. The question can also be asked by other means e.g. recognition of a handwritten question or activation of icons. The step of receiving a question is generally designated by a step 601.
Since it is a human user who submits the question it may generally comprise items or fragments e.g. words spaced apart which may be natural language words/terms or artificial terms which are or are not recognizable as data items or a type of operator or command. In case of syntax validation while a user inputs his question e.g. in case of an icon based or pick-list based input the typical case will be that all items of a question is recognizable.
However, when the question is received, it is determined in step 308 which of items in the question that are contained in a predefined list 606 of items that are available in the database and are defined to be of the measures type or the dimensions type. This predefined list 606 of items can be an integrated portion of the database and provided via an interface to the database or it can be stored in a memory external to the database.
Based on the items determined as being recognizable an association is determined. The association comprises a data item of the measures type and a data item of the dimensions type. The association is determined either since it is readily provided in the question itself or since it is completed from a data item of the measures type or the dimensions type or since it is selected as a most frequently used association. A preferred embodiment of step 308 is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 3 especially, determining an association is described in connection with section 309.
When an association is determined, presentation properties of the association can be determined in step 310, confer FIG. 3. The presentation properties are determined based on the determined association and previously stored associations, which previously stored associations, are each related to presentation properties. Associations and the presentation properties they are related to are stored in a table 607. Presentation properties can be retrieved as described in connection with FIG. 5. Generally, the association, among the stored associations, which is most similar to the determined association, is identified and its related presentation properties are applied to the determined association as the best educated guess.
Since it is desired to improve the ability to interpret even unskilled user's requests for presentations, less formal questions are accepted. Recordings of previously applied questions and presentations can serve as a basis for remedying almost any lacking or incorrect information in a question. Applying associations to provide this remedy makes it possible to make a query to the database based on a determined association and consequently to retrieve data that are presented by means of the presentation properties.
A query, QRY, is submitted to a database 609 in step 608. The query is composed to comply with the database. A person skilled in the art will know how to generate such queries automatically from the information on measures, dimensions and dimension values as available e.g. in the storage of previously used queries and/or associations and presentation properties.
In step 610, data from the database is received in response to the query, QRY. Finally, the presentation properties are applied to make a presentation of data in step 315 as specified by the association. Preferably, a memory object 114 is created for each determined data item of the dimensions type. The memory object 114 may thus comprise both presentation properties and the data to be presented. Additionally, the memory object can comprise the association from the which the query retrieving the data is generated and it con optionally comprise the query itself.
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of improving speech recognition. The flowchart comprises step 605 in which speech recognition is performed on a spoken question. The output generated by step 605 is a computer-readable sequence from which fractions of the question can be read. A fraction can be e.g. a natural language word or an interpretation of an utterance separated by a pause or time interval. Subsequently, a loop is entered which for each e.g. natural language word examines whether the word is in the list 606 of predefined items that are available in the database. In the straight forward case, the word is in the list, the word is determined as being recognised and the via step 702 (Y) the step 706 is entered and the recognised word is stored. Alternatively, if the word is not in the list 606 step 703 is entered via step 702 (N) and it is examined whether the word is similar to a word in the list. Similarity is defined in either or both of the meanings that:
The word is similar to a word in the list in that it deviates in a way where it is decided that the word likely should have been a word from the list. Different rules known in the art may be applied for deciding on this.
The word is a synonym to a word in the list. Different groups of synonyms can be defined e.g. saying that the word ‘customer’ is not the only word that trigger the data item named ‘customer’ in the predefined list 606, but the word ‘client’ can also trigger the data item named ‘customer’.
If the word is determined not to be similar in one or both of the ways above or another way it is discarded in step 705 which is entered via step 704 (N).
However, if the word is determined to be similar it is stored as a recognized word in step 706 which is entered via step 704 (Y).
When the question has been examined in accordance with the above, the method proceeds to step 302 as described in connection with FIG. 3.
It should be noted that the above can be combined with different syntactical examinations of the question. However, in a preferred embodiment, no advanced syntactical examination is applied, but an association is created directly from recognized items. Thereby, on the one hand, the order in which the items appear in the question is diminished, while on the other hand the skills required to ask valid questions is reduced to a very basic level. Thereby more users can exploit the use of questioning databases to make presentations.
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