Source: http://archives.the-monitor.org/index.php/publications/display?url=lm/2013/sub/Mine_Action.html
Timestamp: 2017-03-29 09:12:26
Document Index: 740359415

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art7', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5', 'art5']

Mine_Action
In 2012, mine action programs released at least 281km2 of mined areas[3] through clearance and survey, in addition to 245km2 of battle areas,[4] of which 78km2 were cluster munition-contaminated areas. In 2011, mine action programs cleared at least 190km2 of mined areas and some 285km2 of battle areas, including 55km2 of areas contaminated by cluster munitions. Mine-Affected States and Other Areas
AfghanistanBhutan**
Vietnam Armenia Azerbaijan
15 states and 1 area
13 states and2 areas
11 states and1 areas
Area cleared in 2012 (km2)
Area cleared in 2011 (km2)
Year of reported compliance Article 5 deadline
AfghanistanBhutan*
11 States Parties
Unclear Zimbabwe
It is planned that a national non-technical survey begun in 2011 and a mapping project that started in May 2013 would clarify the extent of the contamination by 2016. These would be used to establish a new baseline for both the planning and the submission of a second extension request.[41] Angola has stated that it already projects it will need more than 10 years beyond 2018.[42] Meanwhile, international NGOs and the National Institute of Demining continue clearance operations. Argentina
Peru In 2009, States Parties granted Peru an eight-year extension of its Article 5 deadline requiring it to clear all mined areas by 1 October 2017. In 2013, Peru revised upward its remaining contamination to 64 mined areas containing 13,325 antipersonnel mines, adding 48 mined areas that were previously thought to be located in Ecuador.[79] Peru reported clearing 13,791m2 of mined area in 2012[80]—significantly less than in 2011—which was attributed to logistical difficulties posed by operating at a higher terrain.[81]
The UK conducted no mine clearance in 2011 and 2012, but at the Twelfth Meeting of States Parties in Geneva in December 2012 the UK reported release of 3.49km2 through technical survey and an unspecified amount of battle area clearance that resulted in destruction of 79
items of UXO in the Falkland Islands.[95] It followed up at the Standing Committee meeting in May 2013 by reporting clearance of four minefields (resulting in clearance of 296 antipersonnel mines and six booby-traps) and the release of an additional area found to contain no mines. Fifteen years after becoming a State Party to the Mine Ban Treaty, the reported operations increased the total amount of mined land cleared by the UK to 220,000m2 (0.22 km2). In addition, it had cleared 4.7km2 of battle area and reduced a further 4.6km2 through survey.[96]
[1]	Guinea-Bissau completed clearance of all known mined areas in 2011 but did not make an official declaration of completion until December 2012. The Monitor considers Guinea-Bissau to have fulfilled its Article 5 treaty obligations in 2011 and is therefore not on this list.
[2]	Presentation from Col. Chao Chun-Kuen, Chief of Army Demining Division, Army Kinmen Defense Command, 14 June 2013.
[3]	The term “clearance of mined areas” refers to physical clearance to humanitarian standards of an area to a specified depth using manual deminers, mine detection dogs, and/or machines to detect and destroy (or remove for later destruction) all explosive devices found.
[4]	A “battle area” is an area of combat affected by explosive remnants of war (ERW), but which does not contain mines. The term “ERW” includes both unexploded ordnance (UXO) and abandoned explosive ordnance (AXO). “Battle area clearance” (BAC) may, under certain circumstances, involve only a visual inspection of a suspected hazardous area (SHA) by professional clearance personnel, but is more often an instrument-assisted search of ground to a set depth, for example using detectors.
[5]	“Note to correspondents on UNMAS action in Mali,” UN Information Service, Geneva, 22 February 2013.
[6]	Email from Charles Frisby, Programme Manager, UNMAS Mali, 13 March 2013.
[7]	China’s statement to the Second Review Conference of the Mine Ban Treaty in December 2009 that it had completed “clearance of mine-affected areas within China’s territory” was put into doubt in September 2011 when a Foreign Ministry official reported to the Monitor that China maintains a small number of minefields “for national defence.” Email response to Monitor request for information from Lai Haiyang, Attaché, Department of Arms Control & Disarmament, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 7 September 2011. In addition, there may be a residual mine threat in China along the border with Vietnam as mine injuries have been reported since its 2009 statement.
[8]	States Parties with a residual or suspected antipersonnel mine problem in areas outside those known to have once been mine contaminated are not included in this list, such as Kuwait.
[9]	For example, states as well as certain demining operators sometimes report cancellation by non-technical survey or reduction by technical survey as clearance. Furthermore, despite reported release of large areas of land, conducting general survey of possibly contaminated areas does not constitute land release, according to the International Mine Action Standards (IMAS).
[10]	Far greater land release is achieved through cancellation by non-technical survey or reduction by technical survey than by physical clearance. Some states do not disaggregate clearance from cancellation by non-technical survey or reduction by technical survey. Where states have not disaggregated clearance data, the Monitor has not included their reported figures. [11]	As formal statements of completion are generally made at a Meeting of States Parties, this list does not include Bhutan, Hungary, and Venezeuela, which informally announced completion in 2013. Djibouti’s status remains unclear, and the Monitor does not consider that Djibouti has made a formal declaration of completion.
[12]	Jordan has made an official declaration of clearance of all known mined areas, but has ongoing survey and is regarded by the Monitor as having a residual mine contamination problem. See section on States Parties with outstanding Article 5 obligations below.
[13]	Statement of Greece, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 28 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=16447.
[14]	Email from Zita Huszay, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary, 15 October 2013.
[15]	Djibouti completed its clearance of known mined areas in 2003 and France declared it had cleared a military ammunition storage area in Djibouti in November 2008, but there are concerns that there may be mine contamination along the Eritrean border following a border conflict between Djibouti and Eritrea in June 2008. Djibouti has not made a formal declaration of full compliance with its Article 5 obligations.
[16]	Moldova, which had an Article 5 deadline of 1 March 2011, made a statement in June 2008 that suggested it had acknowledged its legal responsibility for clearance of any mined areas in the breakaway republic of Transnistria, where it continues to assert its jurisdiction. However, this statement was later disavowed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
[17]	Montenegro reported to the media in November 2007 that it had completed clearance of mines on its territory. Its Article 7 report for 2008 stated, “There are no areas under Montenegro’s jurisdiction or control in which anti-personnel mines are known or suspected to be emplaced.” However, Montenegro still had to survey a mountainous area on its borders with BiH and Croatia to clarify if the contamination that affects the Croatian side of the border also affects Montenegro. By October 2012, Montenegro had not officially declared completion of its Article 5 obligations.
[18]	Despite a statement by Namibia that it was in full compliance with Article 5 given at the Second Review Conference, questions remain as to whether there are mined areas in the north of the country, for example in the Caprivi region bordering Angola.
[19]	The Philippines, which has alleged use of antipersonnel mines by non-state armed groups over recent years, has not formally reported the presence of mined areas.
[20]	Statement of Burundi, Mine Ban Treaty Eleventh Meeting of States Parties, Phnom Penh, 28 November 2011, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/11msp/what-happened/day-2-monday-28-november/statements/.
[21]	Statement of Burundi, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee Meeting on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 23 May 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2012/mine-clearance/statements/.
[22]	Ibid., 27 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/. Burundi reported in May 2013 that it needed further survey to confirm SHAs around some electrical pylons located in Bururi, Bujumbura, and Bubanza provinces, but it still planned to meet its 1 April 2014 deadline.
[23]	“Declaration of completion of implementation of Article 5 of the Convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling and transfer of anti-personnel mines and on their destruction,” submitted by Jordan, 4 December 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/MSP/12MSP/day3/10bi_ARTICLE_5_COMPLETED_-_Jordan.pdf.
[24]	“Jordan becomes the first Middle Eastern country free of all known landmines,” Press Release, Antipersonnel Mine Ban Convention Implementation Support Unit (ISU), 24 April 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/press-releases/PressRelease-Jordan-24Apr2012.pdf.
[25]	Statement of Jordan, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 29 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/en/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=16442.
[26]	Palau, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2011), Form C2, undated but 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/Art7Report-Palau-2012.pdf.
[27]	Statement of Palau, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 28 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=16558.
[28]	Final Report, Twelfth Meeting of States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty, Geneva, 3–7 December 2012, APLC/MSP.12/2012/10, 21 January 2013, para 28(a)–(c), p. 10, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/MSP/12MSP/12MSP-FinalReport-Jan2013-en.pdf.
[29]	“Final Report, Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction,” Nairobi, 29 November–3 December 2004, APLC/CONF/2004/5, 9 February 2005, p. 99: Part III: “Ending the suffering caused by anti-personnel mines: the Nairobi Action Plan 2005–2009,” www.nairobisummit.org/fileadmin/pdf/review_conference/documents/final_report/RC_Final_Report_en.pdf.
[30]	“Cartagena Action Plan 2010–2014: Ending the Suffering Caused by Anti-personnel Mines,” 11 December 2009, p. 4, www.cartagenasummit.org/fileadmin/pdf/review-conference-2nd/2RC-ActionPlanFINAL-UNOFFICIAL-11Dec2009.pdf.
[31]	“ICBL Comments on Mine Clearance,” Mine Ban Treaty Twelfth Meeting of States Parties, Geneva, 5 December 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/12msp/what-happened-at-the-12msp/day-3-wednesday-5-december/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=15877.
[32]	With entry into force of the treaty in March 1999, the first clearance deadlines were March 2009. The 35 States Parties are: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, BiH, Cambodia, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, DRC, Ecuador, Eritrea, Germany, Guinea-Bissau, Jordan, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Serbia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, the UK, Venezuela, Yemen, and Zimbabwe. Seven of the States Parties listed above have submitted Extension Requests for consideration at the Thirteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty in December 2013.
[33]	This list does not include Venezuela which has informally declared completion and is expected to make a formal declaration in December 2013.
[34]	Contaminated States Parties still within their initial deadlines include: Burundi (2014); Ethiopia (2015); Iraq (2018); South Sudan (2021); Somalia (2022); and Bhutan and Hungary (completion declaration pending).
[35]	Statement by ICBL, Mine Ban Treaty Twelfth Meeting of States Parties, Geneva, 5 December 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/en/meetings-of-the-states-parties/12msp/what-happened-at-the-12msp/day-3-wednesday-5-december/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=15877.
[36]	Statement of Venezuela, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 27 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=16453.
[37]	Afghanistan, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (revised), 31 August 2012, p. 24, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Afghanistan-2012/Afghanistan-RevRequest-Received-31Aug2012.pdf; and email from Edwin Faigmane, Senior Programme Officer, UNMAS, Kabul, 11 March 2013.
[38]	Afghanistan, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 29 March 2012, p. 6, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Afghanistan-2012/Afghanistan-ExtRequest-Received29Mar2012.pdf.
[39]	ICBL Critique on Afghanistan Article 5 Extension Request, undated but March 2012.
[40]	Interview with Mohammed Sediq Rashid, Mine Action Coordination Center of Afghanistan, and Abigail Hartley, UNMAS, in Kabul, 19 May 2013; and interviews with implementing partners, Kabul, 15–24 May 2013.
[41]	Angola, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 31 March 2012, Annex Table 6 “Remaining Suspect Areas based on CNIDAH Database,” www.apminebanconvention.org/states-parties-to-the-convention/angola/. The number of SHAs in the table in the Extension Request add up to 2,017 and not 2,116.
[42]	Statement of Angola, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 23 May 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2012/mine-clearance/statements/.
[43]	Statement of Argentina, Mine Ban Treaty Second Review Conference, Cartagena, 30 November 2009.
[44]	Darvin Lisica, “Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Context of the Global Mine Problem – Analysis and Strategic Preconditions for Fulfillment of Obligations Arising from the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and Convention on Cluster Munitions,” Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA), June 2011, p. 9.
[45]	Average exchange rate for 2012: BAM1.5209=US$1. Oanda, www.oanda.com.
[46]	Statement of BiH, Mine Ban Treaty Twelfth Meeting of States Parties, Geneva, 5 December 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/12msp/what-happened-at-the-12msp/day-3-wednesday-5-december/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=15678; “Report on mine action in Bosnia and Herzegovina,” BHMAC, undated but 2013, p. 22; and interview with Tarik Serak, BHMAC, Geneva, 17 April 2013.
[47]	Email from the Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAA), 16 October 2013.
[48]	Compiled from data received by email from Eang Kamrang, CMAA, 11 April 2013. The Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) reported releasing 9.76km² through technical survey, 3.14km² more than the amount CMAA recorded as released by survey.
[49]	Email from Cameron Imber, Programme Manager, HALO Trust, Siem Reap, 30 March 2011.
[50]	“Thailand, Cambodia agree to jointly remove landmines at Prey Vihear,” MCOT, 1 July 2012, www.pattayamail.com/news/thailand-cambodia-agree-to-jointly-remove-landmines-at-prea-vihear-14187.
[51]	Presentation by Chad at African Union/ICRC Weapons Contamination Workshop, Addis Ababa, 3–5 March 2013; Article 5 Extension Request (Third Extension Request), 2 May 2013, p. 12, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/Chad_Article_5_request_received_2013-05-02_COMPILED.pdf; and Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 report, 1 January 2013, www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/%28httpAssets%29/F977C990A6994A16C1257B190052C789/$file/Chad+2012+%282010-2012%29.pdf.
[52]	Chad, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 Extension Request (Third Extension Request), 2 May 2013, pp. 2–3, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/Chad_Article_5_request_received_2013-05-02_COMPILED.pdf.
[53]	Email from Emmanuel Sauvage, former UNDP Technical Advisor, 27 June 2013.
[54]	Chile, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 14 April 2011, pp. 12–14 and 26–27, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/other_languages/spanish/MBC/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Chile-ExtRequest-Received-14April2011-sp.pdf.
[55]	Statement of Chile, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 27 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/. Chile’s statement only cites “we have faced enormous challenges that nature has imposed,” as reasons that hindered mine clearance which they clarified to mean the earthquake and floods. David Pedigo, “Historic floods devastate Chile’s extreme regions,” Santiago Times, 14 March 2012, santiagotimes.cl/historic-floods-devastate-chiles-extreme-regions/; “Extreme south of Chile on red alert due to flash floods,” The Watchers.com (website that tracks weather), 14 March 2012, thewatchers.adorraeli.com/2012/03/14/extreme-south-of-chile-on-red-alert-due-to-flash-floods/; “7.1-magnitude earthquake strikes central Chile,” CNN, 25 March 2012, www.cnn.com/2012/03/25/world/americas/chile-earthquake/index.html; and “5.9-magnitude quake strikes Chile,” Boston.com, 21 November 2012, www.boston.com/news/world/latin-america/2012/11/21/magnitude-quake-strikes-chile/YKbUYhWpxapxtTaeIEd3PI/story.html.
[56]	Colombia, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 29 March 2010, pp. 41–42, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/other_languages/spanish/MBC/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Colombia-ExtRequest-Received-31Mar2010-sp.pdf.
[57]	Ibid., Annex 3, Table 12, pp. 57–58.
[58]	Decision by States Parties on Colombia’s Article 5 Extension Request, December 2010, www.apminebanconvention.org/states-parties-to-the-convention/colombia; and Pablo Parra, Presidential Program for Comprehensive Action Against Antipersonnel Mines (Programa Presidencial para la Acción Integral contra Minas Antipersonal, PAICMA), 26 July 2012.
[59]	Email from Miljenko Vahtarićc, Croation Mine Action Centre (CROMAC), 4 July 2013.
[60]	Statement of Croatia, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 28 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=16431.
[61]	Croatia, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 2 June 2008, p. 76, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Croatia-ExtRequest-Received-2June2008.pdf.
[62]	Email from Miljenko Vahtarić, CROMAC, 11 July 2013; and interview, 1 March 2012.
[63]	Cyprus, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 30 April 2012, p. 1, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Cyprus-ExtRequest-Received-30Apr2012.pdf.
[64]	Statement of Cyprus, Mine Ban Treaty Twelfth Meeting of States Parties, Geneva, 4 December 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/12msp/what-happened-at-the-12msp/day-2-tuesday-4-december/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=15791.
[65]	DRC, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 31 March 2011, p. 43, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/other_languages/french/MBC/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/DRC-ExtRequest-Received-31March2011-fr.pdf.
[66]	Congolese Mine Action Centre, Rapport General de l’atelier National Sur La Contamination Par Mines Antipersonnel et Sous Munition en Republique Democratique du Congo (Report on the National Workshop on Landmine Contamination and ERW in the DRC), Kinshasa, 26 March 2013.
[68]	Interview with Pascal Simon, UN Advisor, UN Mine Action Coordination Center/UNMAS, in Geneva, 17 April 2013.
[69]	Ecuador, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, 24 April 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/Ecuador-Article7_Report-April2013.pdf. At the Lima Workshop in Lima in March 2013, Ecuador reported there were 25 mined areas covering 393,169m2 remaining.
[70]	Ecuador, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, 24 April 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/Ecuador-Article7_Report-April2013.pdf.
[71]	Statement of Eritrea, Mine Ban Treaty Second Review Conference, Cartagena, 4 December 2009.
[72]	Statement of Eritrea, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 28 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/.
[73]	Eritrea, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 31 March 2011, p. 7, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Eritrea-ExtRequest-Received-31March2011.pdf.
[74]	Ibid., p. 5; and statement of Eritrea, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 28 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/.
[75]	Mauritania, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 10 April 2010, pp. 3–4, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/other_languages/french/MBC/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Mauritania-ExtRequest-10Apr2010-fr.pdf.
[76]	NPA Annual Report 2012 to the National Humanitarian Demining Programme for Development (Programme National de Déminage Humanitaire pour le Développement), p. 3.
[77]	Mozambique, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (Second Extension Request), 24 May 2013, p. 20, www.apminebanconvention.org/states-parties-to-the-convention/mozambique/.
[78]	Statement of Mozambique, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 28 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2012/mine-clearance/statements/.
[79]	Peru, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form C, 30 April 2013, www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/D1431017E1CCC579C1257B64005BAFD1/$file/Peru+2012+APLC.pdf.
[80]	Email from Wilyam Lúcar Aliaga, Peruvian Centre for Mine Action (CONTRAMINAS), 21 June 2013.
[82]	Manuel Vigo, “Peru and Ecuador agree to clear border landmines by 2016,” Peru This Week (an online magazine tailored to English speaking foreigners living in Peru), 29 February 2012, www.peruthisweek.com/news-2202-Peru-asks-Chile-to-remove-landmines-from-border/.
[83]	Email from Wilyam Lúcar Aliaga, General Coordinator, CONTRAMINAS, 21 June 2013.
[85]	Statement of Senegal, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 22 May 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2012/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=14413.
[86]	Statement of Senegal, Mine Ban Treaty Second Review Conference, Cartagena, 2 December 2009.
[87]	Statement of Senegal, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 22 May 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2012/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=14413.
[88]	Response to Monitor questionnaire by Abdulmain Karimov, Information Officer, Tajikistan Mine Action Centre, 11 June 2013.
[89]	Statement of Tajikistan, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 28 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=16433.
[90]	Presentation by Tajikistan Mine Action Centre at the EU/Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Deming (GICHD) Workshop, “Humanitarian Demining in Tajikistan: Towards Completion,” Dushanbe, 17–18 September 2013.
[91]	Vipunjit Ketunuti, “Executive Summary, Mine-free Provinces, A Step Closer to Mine-free Thailand and a Mine-free World, 1 January 2012–31 December 2014,” received by email from Vipunjit Ketunuti, Project Manager, UNDP, 14 February 2011.
[92]	Information provided by the Special Affairs Unit, Thailand Mine Action Center (TMAC), Bangkok, 20 May 2013; and by the Database Unit, TMAC, 16 August 2013.
[93]	Statement of Thailand, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 28 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=16560.
[94]	Thailand, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (Revision), 7 August 2008, p. 23, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Thailand-ExtRequest-Revised-7August2008.pdf.
[95]	Statement of the UK, Mine Ban Treaty Twelfth Meeting of States Parties, Geneva, 5 December 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/12msp/what-happened-at-the-12msp/day-3-wednesday-5-december/.
[96]	Statement of the UK, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 28 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=16434.
[97]	Statement of ICBL, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 21 June 2011.
[98]	Venezuela, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 31 March 2008, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/other_languages/spanish/MBC/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Venezuela-ExtRequest-Received-31March2008-sp.pdf.
[100]	Statement of Venezuela, Mine Ban Treaty Tenth Meeting of States Parties, Geneva, 1 December 2010, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/10msp/what-happened/day-3-wednesday-1-december/.
[101]	Interview with Abdul Raqeeb Fare, Deputy Director, Yemen Mine Action Center (YEMAC), Sana’a, 7 February 2013; and information from YEMAC forwarded by email from Rosemary Willey-Al’Sanah, UNDP, 27 April 2013.
[102]	Presentation to donors by Mansour al-Azi, Director, YEMAC, Sana’a, 19 September 2012.
[103]	Interview with Abdul Raqeeb Fare, YEMAC, Sana’a, 7 February 2013.
[104]	Statement of Zimbabwe, Mine Ban Treaty Second Review Conference, Cartagena, 2 December 2009.
[105]	Statement of Zimbabwe, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 22 June 2010.
[106]	Interview with Col. A. A. Edwards, Zimbabwe Mine Action Centre, in Geneva, 28 May 2013; and email from Tom Dibb, HALO, 11 June 2013.
[107]	Zimbabwe, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (Revised), 22 October 2012, p. 3, www.apminebanconvention.org/states-parties-to-the-convention/zimbabwe/.
[108]	Statement of Ethiopia, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 23 June 2010.
[109]	Ibid., 24 May 2012; and email from Aubrey Sutherland-Pillai, Programme Manager, NPA, 22 August 2012.
[110]	Email from Aubrey Sutherland-Pillai, NPA, 22 August 2012.
[111]	“Iraq: Mine free 2018 target will be missed,” IRIN, 22 May 2012, www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=95500.
[112]	Average exchange rate for 2012: €1=US$1.2859. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 3 January 2013.
[113]	Serbia, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 26 March 2013, p. 26, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Serbia-ExtRequest-Received27Mar2013.pdf.
[114]	Statement of Serbia, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 23 May 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2012/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=14408.
[115]	Ibid., 27 May 2013, www.apminebanconvention.org/intersessional-work-programme/may-2013/mine-clearance/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=16439.
[116]	Statement by ICBL, Mine Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Action, Geneva, 29 May 2013.
[118]	Sudan, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 Extension Request, 28 March 2013, p. 17, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Sudan-ExtRequest-Received-28Mar2013.pdf.
[120]	National Mine Action Center, “IMSMA Monthly Report May 2013,” p. 2; and Sudan response to questions received from Analysing Group on Sudan’s Extension request to Article 5 Mine Ban Treaty deadline, 22 May 2013.
[121]	Turkey, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 Extension Request, 28 March 2013, p. 8, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Turkey-ExtRequest-Received-29Mar2013.pdf.
[122]	Ibid., p. 6.
[123]	Statements of Turkey, Mine Ban Treaty Eleventh Meeting of States Parties, Phnom Penh, 1 December 2011, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/11msp/what-will-happen/day-5-thursday-1-december/; and Mine Ban Treaty Twelfth Meeting of States Parties, Geneva, 5 December 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/12msp/what-happened-at-the-12msp/day-3-wednesday-5-december/.
[124]	Turkey, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 Extension Request, 28 March 2013, p. 13, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Turkey-ExtRequest-Received-29Mar2013.pdf.
[125]	“Turkey cancels tender for demining border with Syria,” Azerbaijan Press Agency, 3 July 2013, en.apa.az/xeber_turkey_cancels_tender_for_demining_borde_195729.html. Bidders for the contract reportedly included a joint venture between ANAMA and Azairtechservise, Aardvak, Countermine, the Swiss Foundation for Mine Action, CROMAC, Mechem, Minetech, the Olive Group, RONCO Corporation, and UXB.
[126]	Turkey, Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 Extension Request, 28 March 2013, pp. 14–16, www.apminebanconvention.org/fileadmin/pdf/mbc/clearing-mined-areas/art5_extensions/countries/Turkey-ExtRequest-Received-29Mar2013.pdf.
[127]	Email from Edwin Faigmane, UNMAS, Kabul, 11 March 2013.
[128]	Interview with Mohammad Shohab Hakimi, Director, Mine Detection Center, Kabul, 16 May 2013.
[129]	“Afghanistan, Mid-Year Report 2013, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict,” UN Mission in Afghanistan, Kabul, 31 July 2013, p. 41, unama.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=EZoxNuqDtps=&tabid=12254&language=en-US.
[130]	“Demining on hold in Senegal’s Casamance region,” IRIN, 24 May 2013, www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=98094.
[131]	“Somalia: Five foreigners including three South Africans confirmed dead in Mogadishu attacks,” AllAfrica, 19 June 2013, allafrica.com/stories/201306200092.html.
[132]	Information from YEMAC forwarded by email from Rosemary Willey-Al’Sanah, UNDP, 27 April 2013.
[133]	Statement of ICBL, Mine Ban Treaty Twelfth Meeting of States Parties, Geneva, 5 December 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/12msp/what-happened-at-the-12msp/day-3-wednesday-5-december/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=15875.
[134]	“Final Report, Second Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction,” Cartagena, 30 November–4 December 2009, APLC/CONF/2009/9, 17 June 2010, para. 63, p. 30, www.cartagenasummit.org/fileadmin/pdf/review-conference-2nd/2RC-FinalReport-17June2010.pdf.
[135]	Cartagena Action Plan 2010–2014, 11 December 2009, p. 4, www.cartagenasummit.org/fileadmin/pdf/review-conference-2nd/2RC-ActionPlanFINAL-UNOFFICIAL-11Dec2009.pdf.
[136]	Statement by ICBL, Mine Ban Treaty Twelfth Meeting of States Parties, 5 December 2012, www.apminebanconvention.org/meetings-of-the-states-parties/12msp/what-happened-at-the-12msp/day-3-wednesday-5-december/statements/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=15873.