Source: http://www.google.ca/patents/US9154274
Timestamp: 2017-12-16 17:11:04
Document Index: 692585325

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 10174926', 'Application No. 10174932', 'art 1', 'art 11', 'art 1', 'Application No. 092129820', 'Application No. 098143050']

Patent US9154274 - OFDM communication system with multiple OFDM symbol sizes - Google Patents
Techniques to use OFDM symbols of different sizes to achieve greater efficiency for OFDM systems. The system traffic may be arranged into different categories (e.g., control data, user data, and pilot data). For each category, one or more OFDM symbols of the proper sizes may be selected for use based...http://www.google.ca/patents/US9154274?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US9154274 - OFDM communication system with multiple OFDM symbol sizes
Publication number US9154274 B2
Application number US 13/920,971
Also published as CA2501458A1, CA2501458C, CA2756728A1, CA2756728C, CA2756741A1, CA2756741C, CN1757213A, CN1757213B, CN101997814A, CN101997814B, EP1557022A2, EP2378726A2, EP2378726A3, US20040081131, US20130279614, WO2004039027A2, WO2004039027A3
Publication number 13920971, 920971, US 9154274 B2, US 9154274B2, US-B2-9154274, US9154274 B2, US9154274B2
Inventors Jay Rod Walton, John W. Ketchum, Mark Wallace, Steven J. Howard
Patent Citations (697), Non-Patent Citations (73), Referenced by (1), Classifications (32), Legal Events (1)
US 9154274 B2
1. A method of transmitting data in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system from a transmitter device to one or more receiver devices, comprising:
selecting a first number of one or more first OFDM symbols having a first data carrying capacity for carrying pilot data and a second number of one or more second OFDM symbols having a second data carrying capacity for carrying control data that is different from the first data carrying capacity, wherein the first OFDM symbols and second OFDM symbols have different symbol sizes;
selecting, based on a payload size of data intended for at least a first user and a second user, at least a third number of third OFDM symbols having a third data carrying capacity for user data intended for the first user and a fourth number of fourth OFDM symbols having a fourth data carrying capacity for user data intended for the second user, wherein the third OFDM symbols and fourth OFDM symbols have different symbol sizes; and
transmitting the data packet using the selected number of first OFDM symbols, the selected number of second OFDM symbols, the selected number of third OFDM symbols, and the selected number of fourth OFDM symbols,
wherein the control data transmitted on the second OFDM symbols comprises information about the third data carrying capacity and symbol size of the third OFDM symbols and the fourth data carrying capacity and symbol size of the fourth OFDM symbols.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the third data carrying capacity of the third OFDM symbols and the fourth data carrying capacity of the fourth OFDM symbols are selected based, at least in part, on a category of data transmitted to the first and second users.
5. An apparatus for transmitting data in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system from a transmitter device to one or more receiver devices, comprising:
an OFDM modulator configured to select a first number of one or more first OFDM symbols having a first data carrying capacity for carrying pilot data and a second number of one or more second OFDM symbols having a second data carrying capacity for carrying control data that is different from the first data carrying capacity, wherein the first OFDM symbols and second OFDM symbols have different symbol sizes, and to select, based on a payload size of data intended for at least a first user and a second user, at least a third number of third OFDM symbols having a third data carrying capacity for user data intended for the first user and a fourth number of fourth OFDM symbols having a fourth data carrying capacity for user data intended for the second user, wherein the third OFDM symbols and fourth OFDM symbols have different symbol sizes; and
at least one transmitter configured to transmit the data packet using the selected number of first OFDM symbols, the selected number of second OFDM symbols, the selected number of third OFDM symbols, and the selected number of fourth OFDM symbols,
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the number of first OFDM symbols and the number of second OFDM symbols are selected to minimize an amount of excess data carrying capacity.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the OFDM modulator is configured to select the third data carrying capacity of the third OFDM symbols and the fourth data carrying capacity of the fourth OFDM symbols based, at least in part, on a category of data transmitted to the first and second users.
9. A program product for transmitting data in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system from a transmitter device to one or more receiver devices, comprising a non-transitory memory unit having codes stored thereon for:
10. The program product of claim 9, wherein the number of first OFDM symbols and the number of second OFDM symbols are selected to minimize an amount of excess data carrying capacity.
12. The program product of claim 9, wherein the third data carrying capacity of the third OFDM symbols and the fourth data carrying capacity of the fourth OFDM symbols are selected based, at least in part, on a category of data transmitted to the first and second users.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/375,162, entitled “OFDM Communication System with Multiple OFDM Symbol Sizes,” filed Feb. 24, 2004, now abandoned, which claims the benefit of provisional U.S. Application Ser. No. 60/421,309, entitled “MIMO WLAN System,” filed on Oct. 25, 2002, and provisional U.S. Application Ser. No. 60/438,601, entitled “Pilot Transmission Schemes for Wireless Multi-Carrier Communication Systems,” filed on Jan. 7, 2003, all of which are assigned to the assignee of the present application and incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a variable-size IFFT unit 400 capable of generating OFDM symbols of different sizes. IFFT unit 400 includes S stages, where S=log2Nmax and Nmax is the size of the largest OFDM symbol to be generated. The modulation symbols for each OFDM symbol period are provided to a zero insertion and sorting unit 410, which sorts the modulation symbols, for example in bit-reversed order, and inserts an appropriate number of zeros when a smaller OFDM symbol is being generated. Unit 410 provides Nmax sorted modulation symbols and zeros to a first butterfly stage 420 a, which performs a set of butterfly computations for 2-point inverse discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs). The outputs from first butterfly stage 420 a are then processed by each of subsequent butterfly stages 420 b through 420 s. Each butterfly stage 420 performs a set of butterfly operations with a set of coefficients applicable for that stage, as is known in the art.
The outputs from last butterfly stage 420 s are provided to a selector unit 430, which provides the time-domain samples for each OFDM symbol. To perform an Nmax -point IFFT, all butterfly stages are enabled and Nmax samples are provided by selector unit 430. To perform an Nmax/2-point IFFT, all but the last butterfly stage 420 s are enabled and Nmax/2 samples are provided by selector unit 430. To perform an Nmax/4-point IFFT, all but the last two butterfly stages 420 r and 420 s are enabled and Nmax/4 samples are provided by selector unit 430. A control unit 440 receives an indication of the particular OFDM symbol size to use for the current OFDM symbol period and provides the control signals for units 410 and 430 and butterfly stages 420.
FIG. 5 shows an exemplary MIMO-OFDM system 500 with a number of access points (APs) 510 that support communication for a number of user terminals (UTs) 520. For simplicity, only two access points 510 a and 510 b are shown in FIG. 5. An access point is a fixed station used for communicating with the user terminals and may also be referred to as a base station or some other terminology. A user terminal may also be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, a user equipment (UE), a wireless device, or some other terminology. User terminals 520 may be dispersed throughout the system. Each user terminal may be a fixed or mobile terminal and may communicate with one or possibly multiple access points on the downlink and/or uplink at any given moment. The downlink (i.e., forward link) refers to the communication link from the access point to the user terminal, and the uplink (i.e., reverse link) refers to the communication link from the user terminal to the access point.
In FIG. 5, access point 510 a communicates with user terminals 520 a through 520 f, and access point 510 b communicates with user terminals 520 f through 520 k. A system controller 530 couples to access points 510 and may be designed to perform a number of functions such as (1) coordination and control for the access points coupled to it, (2) routing of data among these access points, and (3) access and control of communication with the user terminals served by these access points.
On the downlink, a BCH segment 610 is used to transmit one BCH protocol data unit (PDU) 612, which includes a portion 614 for a beacon pilot, a portion 616 for a MIMO pilot, and a portion 618 for a BCH message. The BCH message carries system parameters for the user terminals in the system. An FCCH segment 620 is used to transmit one FCCH PDU, which carries assignments for downlink and uplink resources and other signaling for the user terminals. An FCH segment 630 is used to transmit one or more FCH PDUs 632 on the downlink. Different types of FCH PDU may be defined. For example, an FCH PDU 632 a includes a portion 634 a for a pilot (e.g., a steered reference) and a portion 636 a for a data packet. The pilot portion is also referred to as a “preamble”. An FCH PDU 632 b includes a single portion 636 b for a data packet. The different types of pilots (beacon pilot, MIMO pilot, and steered reference) are described in the aforementioned provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/421,309.
On the uplink, an RCH segment 640 is used to transmit one or more RCH PDUs 642 on the uplink. Different types of RCH PDU may also be defined. For example, an RCH PDU 642 a includes a single portion 646 a for a data packet. An RCH PDU 642 b includes a portion 644 b for a pilot (e.g., a steered reference) and a portion 646 b for a data packet. An RACH segment 650 is used by the user terminals to gain access to the system and to send short messages on the uplink. An RACH PDU 652 may be sent in RACH segment 650 and includes a portion 654 for a pilot (e.g., a steered reference) and a portion 656 for a message.
FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary structure for a data packet 636 x that may be sent in an FCH or RCH PDU on the FCH or RCH. The data packet is sent using an integer number of PHY frames 710. Each PHY frame 710 includes a payload field 722 that carries the data for the PHY frame, a CRC field 724 for a CRC value for the PHY frame, and a tail bit field 726 for a set of zeros used to flush out the encoder. The first PHY frame 710 a for the data packet further includes a header field 720, which indicates the message type and duration. The last PHY frame 710 m for the data packet further includes a pad bit field 728, which contains zero padding bits at the end of the payload in order to fill the last PHY frame. This PHY frame structure is described in further detail in the aforementioned provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/421,309. If one antenna is used for data transmission, then each PHY frame 710 may be processed to obtain one OFDM symbol 750.
Efficiency Code Modulation Info bits/ Code bits/ Info bits/ Code bits/
(bps/Hz) Rate Scheme PHY frame PHY frame PHY frame PHY frame
5.5 11/16 256 QAM  264 384 1056 1536
6.0 3/4 256 QAM  288 384 1152 1536
6.5 13/16 256 QAM  312 384 1248 1536
7.0 7/8 256 QAM  336 384 1344 1536
For a given pairing of access point and user terminal in MIMO-OFDM system 500, a MIMO channel is formed by the Nap antennas at the access point and the Nut antennas at the user terminal. The MIMO channel may be decomposed into NC independent channels, with NC≦min {Nap, Nut}. Each of the NC independent channels is also referred to as an eigenmode of the MIMO channel, where “eigenmode” normally refers to a theoretical construct. Up to NC independent data streams may be sent concurrently on the NC eigenmodes of the MIMO channel. The MIMO channel may also be viewed as including NC spatial channels that may be used for data transmission. Each spatial channel may or may not correspond to an eigenmode, depending on whether or not the spatial processing at the transmitter was successful in orthogonalizing the data streams.
Diversity Data is redundantly transmitted from multiple transmit
antennas and subbands to provide diversity.
Beam-steering Data is transmitted on a single (best) spatial channel at
full power using the phase steering information based on
the principal eigenmode of the MIMO channel.
Spatial Data is transmitted on multiple spatial channels to
multiplexing achieve higher spectral efficiency.
The STTD scheme operates as follows. Suppose that two modulation symbols, denoted as s1 and s2, are to be transmitted on a given subband. The transmitter generates two vectors or STTD symbols, x1=[s1 s2*]T and x2=[s2−s1*]T, where each STTD symbol includes two elements, “*” denotes the complex conjugate, and “T” denotes the transpose. Alternatively, the transmitter may generate two STTD symbols, x1=[s1 s2]T and x2=[−s2* s1*]T. In any case, the two elements in each STTD symbol are typically transmitted sequentially in two OFDM symbol periods from a respective transmit antenna (i.e., STTD symbol x1 is transmitted from antenna 1 in two OFDM symbol periods, and STTD symbol x2 is transmitted from antenna 2 in the same two OFDM symbol periods). The duration of each STTD symbol is thus two OFDM symbol periods.
Short OFDM TX Bit
Subband Indices Ant Index
−26 1.2 0
−25 3.4 6
−24 1.3 12
−23 2.4 18
−22 1.4 24
−20 2.3 30
−19 1.2 36
−18 3.4 42
−17 1.3 2
−16 2.4 8
−15 1.4 14
−14 2.3 20
−13 1.2 26
−12 3.4 32
−11 1.3 38
−10 2.4 44
−9 1.4 4
−8 2.3 10
−6 1.2 16
−5 3.4 22
−4 1.3 28
−3 2.4 34
−2 1.4 40
−1 2.3 46
2 1.2 7
3 2.4 13
4 1.3 19
5 2.3 25
6 1.4 31
8 3.4 37
10 2.4 3
11 1.3 9
12 2.3 15
13 1.4 21
14 3.4 27
15 1.2 33
16 2.4 39
17 1.3 45
19 1.4 11
20 3.4 17
22 1.2 23
23 2.4 29
24 1.3 35
25 2.3 41
26 1.4 47
FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of an access point 510 x and two user terminals 520 x and 520 y within MIMO-OFDM system 500.
On the downlink, at access point 510 x, a transmit (TX) data processor 810 receives user data (i.e., information bits) from a data source 808 and control data and other data from a controller 830 and possibly a scheduler 834. The functions of the controller 830 and the scheduler 834 may be performed by a single processor or multiple processors. These various types of data may be sent on different transport channels. TX data processor 810 processes the different types of data based on one or more coding and modulation schemes and provides a stream of modulation symbols for each spatial channel to be used for data transmission. A TX spatial processor 820 receives one or more modulation symbol streams from TX data processor 810 and performs spatial processing on the modulation symbols to provide one stream of “transmit” symbols for each transmit antenna. The processing by processors 810 and 820 is described below.
Each modulator (MOD) 822 receives and processes a respective transmit symbol stream to provide a corresponding stream of OFDM symbols, which is further processed to provide a corresponding downlink signal. The downlink signals from Nap modulators 822 a through 822 ap are then transmitted from Nap antennas 824 a through 824 ap, respectively.
l=int[N P /C L], and Eq (2)
m=ceiling[(N p −l·C L)/C SM], Eq (3)
TX spatial processor 820 receives the modulation symbols from TX data processor 810 and performs spatial processing for the spatial multiplexing, beam-steering, or diversity mode. The spatial processing is described in the aforementioned provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/421,309. TX spatial processor 820 provides one stream of transmit symbols to each of Nap modulators 822 a through 822 ap.
FIG. 9B shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a modulator 822 x, which may be used for each of modulators 822 a through 822 ap in FIG. 9A. Modulator 822 x includes an OFDM modulator 930 coupled to a transmitter unit (TMTR) 940. OFDM modulator 930 includes a variable-size IFFT unit 932 coupled to a cyclic prefix generator 934. IFFT unit 932 may be implemented with IFFT unit 400 shown in FIG. 4. IFFT unit 932 performs N-point IFFTs on the stream of transmit symbols provided to modulator 822 x, where N is variable and determined by the OFDM symbol size control signal provided by controller 830. For example, controller 830 may select the small OFDM symbol size for the BCH and FCCH segments (as shown in FIG. 6) and may select a combination of the small and large OFDM symbol sizes for the FCH segment, as described above. Cyclic prefix generator 934 appends a cyclic prefix to each transformed symbol from IFFT unit 932. The output of cyclic prefix generator 934 is a stream of OFDM symbols having varying sizes, as determined by controller 830. Transmitter unit 940 converts the stream of OFDM symbols into one or more analog signals, and further amplifies, filters, and frequency upconverts the analog signals to generate a downlink signal suitable for transmission from an associated antenna 824.
Reference channel for a specific user terminal and used for channel
estimation and possibly rate control.
H(k)=U(k)Σ(k)V H(k), for kεK, Eq (4)
x m(k)=v m(k)·p(k), for kεK, Eq (5)
r _ m ( k ) = H _ ( k ) x _ m ( k ) + n _ ( k ) , for k ∈ K . = u _ m ( k ) σ m ( k ) p ( k ) + n _ ( k ) Eq ( 6 )
H(k)v m(k)=u m(k)σm(k), Eq (7)
ρi(k)=e −arg(v 1,i (k)), Eq (8)
arg ( v 1 , i ( k ) ) = arctan ( Re { v 1 , i ( k ) } Im { v 1 , i ( k ) } ) .
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International Classification H04L12/28, H04L1/16, H04L1/06, H04W72/04, H04L1/00, H04B7/04, H04W28/20, H04B7/005, H04L12/56, H04L25/02, H04L25/03, H04L5/00, H04L27/26, H04B7/08, H04B7/06, H04W52/50
Cooperative Classification H04B7/0421, H04L25/0248, H04L5/0007, H04L25/0232, H04B7/0669, H04W52/50, H04W72/04, H04L5/0023, H04B7/0854, H04L1/0017, H04B7/043, H04L27/2602, H04L5/0037, H04B7/0697, H04L5/0028, H04W28/20
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