Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090161356A1/en
Timestamp: 2019-08-21 06:03:24
Document Index: 136459075

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 60']

US20090161356A1 - Lighting device and method of lighting - Google Patents
US20090161356A1
US20090161356A1 US12/277,745 US27774508A US2009161356A1 US 20090161356 A1 US20090161356 A1 US 20090161356A1 US 27774508 A US27774508 A US 27774508A US 2009161356 A1 US2009161356 A1 US 2009161356A1
US12/277,745
US8403531B2 (en
2007-05-30 Priority to US11/755,153 priority Critical patent/US8596819B2/en
2007-11-27 Priority to US99043507P priority
2007-11-27 Priority to US99043907P priority
2008-11-25 Application filed by Cree LED Lighting Solutions Inc filed Critical Cree LED Lighting Solutions Inc
2008-11-25 Priority to US12/277,745 priority patent/US8403531B2/en
2009-03-11 Assigned to CREE LED LIGHTING SOLUTIONS, INC. reassignment CREE LED LIGHTING SOLUTIONS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: COLEMAN, THOMAS G., EDMOND, MARK D., NEGLEY, GERALD H., VAN DE VEN, ANTONY PAUL
2009-06-25 Publication of US20090161356A1 publication Critical patent/US20090161356A1/en
2013-03-26 Publication of US8403531B2 publication Critical patent/US8403531B2/en
There is provided a lighting device which emits light with an wall plug efficiency of at least 85 lumens per watt. The lighting device comprises at least one solid state light emitter, e.g., one or more light emitting diodes, and optionally further includes one or more luminescent material. In some embodiments, the output light is of a brightness of at least 300 lumens. In some embodiments, the output light has a CRI Ra of at least 90. Also, a method of lighting, comprising supplying electricity to a lighting device which emits light with a wall plug efficiency of at least 85 lumens per watt.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/990,439, filed on Nov. 27, 2007, entitled “HIGH EFFICIENCY LAMP” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket no. 931—080 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in its entirety.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/990,435, filed on Nov. 27, 2007, entitled “WARM WHITE ILLUMINATION WITH HIGH CRI AND HIGH EFFICACY” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931—081 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in its entirety.
This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/755,153, filed May 30, 2007, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present inventive subject matter is directed to a lighting device, in particular, a lighting device which includes at least one solid state light emitter which provides excellent wall plug efficiency. The present inventive subject matter is also directed to a method of lighting which provides excellent wall plug efficiency, in particular, a method of lighting which includes supplying current to a solid state light emitter.
Accordingly, for these and other reasons, efforts have been ongoing to develop ways by which solid state light emitters can be used in place of incandescent lights, fluorescent lights and other light-generating devices in a wide variety of applications. In addition, where light emitting diodes (or other solid state light emitters) are already being used, efforts are ongoing to provide light emitting diodes (or other solid state light emitters) which are improved, e.g., with respect to energy efficiency, color rendering index (CRI Ra), contrast, wall plug efficiency (lm/W), and/or duration of service.
Because light that is perceived as white is necessarily a blend of light of two or more colors (or wavelengths), no single light emitting diode junction has been developed that can produce white light efficiently. “White” LED lamps have been produced which have a light emitting diode pixel/cluster formed of respective red, green and blue light emitting diodes. Another “white” LED lamp which has been produced includes (1) a light emitting diode which generates blue light and (2) a luminescent material (e.g., a phosphor) that emits yellow light in response to excitation by light emitted by the light emitting diode, whereby the blue light and the yellow light, when mixed, produce light that is perceived as white light.
The CRI Ra of efficient white LED lamps is generally low (in the range 65-75) as compared to incandescent light sources (CRI Ra of 100). Additionally, the color temperature for LEDs is generally “cooler” (˜5500K) and less desirable than the color temperature of incandescent or CCFL bulbs (˜2700K). Both of these deficiencies in LEDs can be improved by the addition of other LEDs and/or luminescent material(s) of selected saturated colors. As indicated above, light sources according to the present inventive subject matter can utilize specific color “blending” of light sources of specific (x,y) color chromaticity coordinates (U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,555, filed Dec. 21, 2005, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul Van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—004 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/613,714, filed Dec. 20, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties). For example, light from additional selected saturated sources can be mixed with the unsaturated broad spectrum source(s) to provide uniform illumination without any areas of discoloration; and if desired, for cosmetic reasons, the individual light emitters can be made to be not visible as discreet devices or discreet color areas when the illumination source or aperture is viewed directly.
Light emitting diodes can thus be used individually or in any combinations, optionally together with one or more luminescent material (e.g., phosphors or scintillators) and/or filters, to generate light of any desired perceived color (including white). Accordingly, the areas in which efforts are being made to replace existing light sources with light emitting diode light sources, e.g., to improve energy efficiency, color rendering index (CRI Ra), wall plug efficiency (lm/W), and/or duration of service, are not limited to any particular color or color blends of light.
The chromaticity coordinates (i.e., color points) that lie along the blackbody locus obey Planck's equation: E(λ)—A λ−5/(e(B/T)−1), where E is the emission intensity, λ is the emission wavelength, T the color temperature of the blackbody and A and B are constants. Color coordinates that lie on or near the blackbody locus yield pleasing white light to a human observer. The 1976 CIE Diagram includes temperature listings along the blackbody locus. These temperature listings show the color path of a blackbody radiator that is caused to increase to such temperatures. As a heated object becomes incandescent, it first glows reddish, then yellowish, then white, and finally blueish. This occurs because the wavelength associated with the peak radiation of the blackbody radiator becomes progressively shorter with increased temperature, consistent with the Wien Displacement Law. Illuminants which produce light which is on or near the blackbody locus can thus be described in terms of their color temperature.
Some so-called “warm white” LEDs have a more acceptable color temperature (typically 2700 to 3500 K) for indoor use, and in some cases, many (but not all) of such warm white LEDs have good CRI Ra (in the case of a yellow and red phosphor mix, as high as Ra 95), but their efficacy is generally significantly less than that of the standard “cool white” LEDs.
There is an ongoing need for ways to use light emitting diodes in a wider variety of applications, with greater energy efficiency, with improved color rendering index (CRI Ra), with improved wall plug efficiency (lm/W), lower cost, and/or with longer duration of service.
In a first aspect of the present inventive subject matter, there is provided a lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter which, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emits output light of a brightness of at least 85 lumens per watt of the electricity.
In a second aspect of the present inventive subject matter, there is provided a method of lighting, comprising supplying a lighting device with electricity of a first wattage, the lighting device emitting output light of a wall plug efficiency of at least 85 lumens per watt of the electricity.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the lighting device is a replacement lamp, i.e., it can be used to replace an original lamp contained in a fixture. For example, the present inventive subject matter includes lighting devices as described herein which can be employed in a PAR 38 light, or other known lighting designs as defined by ANSI or elsewhere.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the output light is of a brightness of at least 300 lumens.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the output light is perceived as white.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the output light is perceived as non-white.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the output light has a CRI Ra of at least 90.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emits output light of a brightness of at least 110 lumens per watt of the electricity.
In some embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present inventive subject matter, the lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emits output light of a brightness of 85-113.5 lumens/watt (in some cases, 100-113.5 lumens/watt) of the electricity.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the solid state light emitter is a first light emitting diode. In some such embodiments, the lighting device comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes, including the first light emitting diode.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the lighting device further comprises one or more luminescent material. In some such embodiments, at least some of the luminescent material (and in some embodiments, substantially all of it) is positioned within about 750 micrometers of at least one of the light emitting diodes.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the lighting device further comprises at least one power line, and at least a first group of light emitting diodes are directly or switchably electrically connected to the power line, a voltage drop across the first group of the light emitting diodes, and across any other components along that power line, being between 1.3 and 1.5 times (e.g., between 1.410 and 1.420 times) a standard outlet voltage (e.g., a standard outlet voltage of 110 volts AC). In some such embodiments, the light emitting diodes in the first group of light emitting diodes are arranged in series along the power line.
In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the present inventive subject matter, the light emitting diodes in the first group of light emitting diodes are arranged in series along a power line.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a specific embodiment of a lighting device according to the present inventive subject matter.
FIG. 5 is a schematic of the power supply in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4.
As noted above, in a first aspect of the present inventive subject matter, there is provided a lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter which, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emits output light of a brightness of at least 85 lumens per watt of the electricity. In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present inventive subject matter, the output light is warm white.
As used herein, the term “wall plug efficiency” refers to the ratio of lumens delivered by the lamp to the watts of input power from a power source to which the lamp is connected and includes losses for any power supply and optical losses of the lamp. Thus, lumens reflected in wall plug efficiencies described herein are “delivered lumens” and power is total input power.
Accordingly, “wall plug efficiency,” as the expression is used herein, accounts for (1) losses generated in initially converting input energy into light, (2) quantum losses, i.e., the ratio of the number of photons emitted by a luminescent material divided by the number of photons absorbed by the luminescent material, (3) Stokes losses, i.e., losses due to the change in frequency involved in the absorption of light and the emission of light, (4) optical losses involved in the light emitted by the phosphor actually exiting the lighting device and (5) any losses from converting input energy, e.g., from AC to DC. Wall plug efficiency does not equate to efficacy values for individual components and/or assemblies of components, e.g., light delivered by an LED divided by the power consumed by the LED.
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/753,138, filed on Dec. 22, 2005, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—003 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/614,180, filed Dec. 21, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/794,379, filed on Apr. 24, 2006, entitled “SHIFTING SPECTRAL CONTENT IN LEDS BY SPATIALLY SEPARATING LUMIPHOR FILMS” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—006 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/624,811, filed Jan. 19, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,702, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—009 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/751,982, filed May 22, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,925, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled “SOLID STATE LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Neal Hunter; attorney docket number 931—010 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/753,103, filed May 24, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/802,697, filed on May 23, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAKING” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—011 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/751,990, filed May 22, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/793,524, filed on Apr. 20, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—012 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/736,761, filed Apr. 18, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/857,305, filed on Nov. 7, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—027 PRO and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/936,163, filed Nov. 7, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/839,453, filed on Aug. 23, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—034 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/843,243, filed Aug. 22, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/851,230, filed on Oct. 12, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAAING SAME” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—041 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/870,679, filed Oct. 11, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/916,608, filed on May 8, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931—072 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/117,148, filed May 8, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties; and
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/017,676, filed on Jan. 22, 2008, entitled “ILLUMINATION DEVICE HAVING ONE OR MORE LUMIPHORS, AND METHODS OF FABRICATING SAME” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket no. 931—079 NP), U.S. Patent Application No. 60/982,900, filed on Oct. 26, 2007 (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket no. 931—079 PRO), the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties.
The lighting devices according to the present inventive subject matter can comprise any desired number of solid state emitters.
As noted above, in some embodiments according to the first aspect of the present inventive subject matter, the lighting device further comprises one or more luminescent materials.
As noted above, in some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the lighting device further comprises at least one luminescent material (e.g., luminescence region or luminescent element which comprises at least one luminescent material). The expression “lumiphor”, as used herein, refers to any element which includes a luminescent material.
The one or more luminescent materials, when provided, can individually be any luminescent material, a wide variety of which are known to those skilled in the art. For example, the one or more luminescent materials can be selected from among phosphors, scintillators, day glow tapes, inks which glow in the visible spectrum upon illumination with ultraviolet light, etc. The one or more luminescent materials can be down-converting or up-converting, or can include a combination of both types. For example, the first luminescent material can comprise one or more down-converting luminescent materials.
The (or each of the) one or more luminescent materials can, if desired, further comprise (or consist essentially of, or consist of) one or more highly transmissive (e.g., transparent or substantially transparent, or somewhat diffuse) binder, e.g., made of epoxy, silicone, glass, metal oxide, or any other suitable material (for example, in any given lumiphor comprising one or more binder, one or more phosphor can be dispersed within the one or more binder). In general, the thicker the lumiphor, the lower the weight percentage of the phosphor can be. Representative examples of the weight percentage of phosphor include from about 3.3 weight percent up to about 20 weight percent, although, as indicated above, depending on the overall thickness of the lumiphor, the weight percentage of the phosphor could be generally any value, e.g., from 0.1 weight percent to 100 weight percent (e.g., a lumiphor formed by subjecting pure phosphor to a hot isostatic pressing procedure).
Devices in which a luminescent material is provided can, if desired, further comprise one or more clear encapsulant (comprising, e.g., one or more silicone materials) positioned between the solid state light emitter (e.g., light emitting diode) and the luminescent material (e.g., in the form of a lumiphor).
The (or each of the) one or more luminescent materials can, independently, further comprise any of a number of well-known additives, e.g., diffusers, scatterers, tints, etc.
As noted above, in some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, the lighting device is a replacement lamp, i.e., it can be used to replace an original lamp contained in a fixture. The present inventive subject matter further relates to lights which comprise a fixture and a lighting device as described herein. In such lights, the fixture can be any desired fixture in which a lighting device can be positioned, a wide variety of such fixtures being known to those of skill in the art. For example, lights according to the present inventive subject matter include PAR 38 lights comprising a fixture which can accommodate a PAR 38 lamp and a lighting device according to the present inventive subject matter.
As noted above, in some embodiments according to the first aspect of the present inventive subject matter, the lighting device further comprises at least one power line, and at least a first group of light emitting diodes are directly or switchably electrically connected to the power line, a voltage drop across the first group of the light emitting diodes, and across any other components along that power line, being between about 1.2 and 1.6 times, for example between 1.3 and 1.5 times (e.g., between 1.410 and 1.420 times) a standard outlet voltage (e.g., a standard outlet voltage of 110 volts AC).
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, one or more of the light emitting diodes can be included in a package together with one or more of the luminescent materials, e.g., one or more lumiphors can be provided in the package and spaced from the one or more light emitting diode in the package to achieve improved light extraction efficiency, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/753,138, filed on Dec. 22, 2005, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—003 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/614,180, filed Dec. 21, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties.
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, two or more lumiphors can be provided, with two or more of the lumiphors being spaced from each other, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/794,379, filed on Apr. 24, 2006, entitled “SHIFTING SPECTRAL CONTENT IN LEDS BY SPATIALLY SEPARATING LUMIPHOR FILMS” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—006 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/624,811, filed Jan. 19, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties.
Solid state light emitters and any luminescent materials can be selected so as to produce any desired mixtures of light.
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,555, filed Dec. 21, 2005, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul Van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—004 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/613,714, filed Dec. 20, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,556, filed on Dec. 21, 2005, entitled “SIGN AND METHOD FOR LIGHTING” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—005 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/613,733, filed Dec. 20, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/793,518, filed on Apr. 20, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—013 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/736,799, filed Apr. 18, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/793,530, filed on Apr. 20, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—014 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/737,321, filed Apr. 19, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/916,596, filed on May 8, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931—031 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/117,122, filed May 8, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/916,607, filed on May 8, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931—032 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/117,131, filed May 8, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/916,590, filed on May 8, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931—033 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/117,136, filed May 8, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/948,021, filed on Nov. 30, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—035 NP2), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in its entirety;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/978,880, filed on Oct. 10, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAKING” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931—040 PRO) and U.S. Patent Application No. 61/037,365, filed on Mar. 18, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,986, filed on Dec. 7, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—053 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/951,626, filed Dec. 6, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/891,148, filed on Feb. 22, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHODS OF LIGHTING, LIGHT FILTERS AND METHODS OF FILTERING LIGHT” (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—057 PRO, and U.S. patent application Ser. No., and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/035,604, filed on Feb. 22, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
The expression “perceived as white”, as used herein, means that normal human vision would perceive the light (i.e., the light which is characterized as being “perceived as white”) as white. Similarly, the expression “perceived as non-white”, as used herein, means that normal human vision would perceive the light (i.e., the light which is characterized as being “perceived as white”) as not being white (including, e.g., off-white and colors other than white). In general, light which is within four or fewer MacAdam ellipses of the blackbody locus is considered to be white light, and light which is more than four MacAdam ellipses from the blackbody locus is considered to be non-white light.
Representative examples of arrangements of lighting devices, schemes for mounting lighting devices, apparatus for supplying electricity to lighting devices, housings for lighting devices, fixtures for lighting devices and power supplies for lighting devices, all of which are suitable for the lighting devices of the present inventive subject matter, are described in:
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,753, filed on Dec. 21, 2005, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley, Antony Paul van de Ven and Neal Hunter; attorney docket no. 931—002 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/613,692, filed Dec. 20, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/809,959, filed on Jun. 1, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE WITH COOLING” (inventors: Thomas G. Coleman, Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven attorney docket number 931—007 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/626,483, filed Jan. 24, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/798,446, filed on May 5, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE” (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket no. 931—008 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/743,754, filed May 3, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/809,461, filed May 31, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE WITH COLOR CONTROL, AND METHOD OF LIGHTING” (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket no. 931—015 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/755,149, filed May 30, 2007 (attorney docket no. 931—015 NP), the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/809,618, filed on May 31, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF LIGHTING” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley, Antony Paul van de Ven and Thomas G. Coleman; attorney docket no. 931—017 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/755,153, filed May 30, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/809,595, filed on May 31, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF LIGHTING” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—018 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/755,162, filed May 30, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/845,429, filed on Sep. 18, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICES, LIGHTING ASSEMBLIES, FIXTURES AND METHODS OF USING SAME” (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket no. 931—019 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/856,421, filed Sep. 17, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/844,325, filed on Sep. 13, 2006, entitled “BOOST/FLYBACK POWER SUPPLY TOPOLOGY WITH LOW SIDE MOSFET CURRENT CONTROL” (inventor: Peter Jay Myers; attorney docket number 931—020 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/854,744, filed Sep. 13, 2007, entitled “CIRCUITRY FOR SUPPLYING ELECTRICAL POWER TO LOADS”, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/846,222, filed on Sep. 21, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING ASSEMBLIES, METHODS OF INSTALLING SAME, AND METHODS OF REPLACING LIGHTS” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931—021 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/859,048, filed Sep. 21, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/858,558, filed on Nov. 13, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE, ILLUMINATED ENCLOSURE AND LIGHTING METHODS” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931—026 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/939,047, filed Nov. 13, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/858,881, filed on Nov. 14, 2006, entitled “LIGHT ENGINE ASSEMBLIES” (inventors: Paul Kenneth Pickard and Gary David Trott; attorney docket number 931—036 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/939,052, filed Nov. 13, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/859,013, filed on Nov. 14, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING ASSEMBLIES AND COMPONENTS FOR LIGHTING ASSEMBLIES” (inventors: Gary David Trott and Paul Kenneth Pickard; attorney docket number 931—037 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/736,799, filed Apr. 18, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/853,589, filed on Oct. 23, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICES AND METHODS OF INSTALLING LIGHT ENGINE HOUSINGS AND/OR TRIM ELEMENTS IN LIGHTING DEVICE HOUSINGS” (inventors: Gary David Trott and Paul Kenneth Pickard; attorney docket number 931—038 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/877,038, filed Oct. 23, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/916,384, filed on May 7, 2007, entitled “LIGHT FIXTURES, LIGHTING DEVICES, AND COMPONENTS FOR THE SAME” (inventors: Paul Kenneth Pickard, Gary David Trott and Ed Adams; attorney docket number 931—055 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/948,041, filed Nov. 30, 2007 (inventors: Gary David Trott, Paul Kenneth Pickard and Ed Adams; attorney docket number 931—055 NP), the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/916,030, filed on May 4, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING FIXTURE” (inventors: “Paul Kenneth Pickard, James Michael LAY and Gary David Trott; attorney docket no. 931—069 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/114,994, filed May 5, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/916,407, filed on May 7, 2007, entitled “LIGHT FIXTURES AND LIGHTING DEVICES” (inventors: Gary David Trott and Paul Kenneth Pickard; attorney docket no. 931—071 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/116,341, filed May 7, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 60/943,910, filed on Jun. 14, 2007, entitled “DEVICES AND METHODS FOR POWER CONVERSION FOR LIGHTING DEVICES WHICH INCLUDE SOLID STATE LIGHT EMITTERS” (inventor: Peter Jay Myers; attorney docket number 931—076 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/117,280, filed May 8, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 61/022,886, filed on Jan. 23, 2008, entitled “FREQUENCY CONVERTED DIMMING SIGNAL GENERATION” (inventors: Peter Jay Myers, Michael Harris and Terry Given; attorney docket no. 931—085 PRO) and U.S. Patent Application No. 61/039,926, filed Mar. 27, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. Patent Application No. 61/029,068, filed on Feb. 15, 2008, entitled “LIGHT FIXTURES AND LIGHTING DEVICES” (inventors: Paul Kenneth Pickard and Gary David Trott; attorney docket no. 931—086 PRO), U.S. Patent Application No. 61/037,366, filed on Mar. 18, 2008, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/116,346, filed May 7, 2008, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties;
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/116,348, filed on May 7, 2008, entitled “LIGHT FIXTURES AND LIGHTING DEVICES” (inventors: Paul Kenneth Pickard and Gary David Trott; attorney docket no. 931—088 NP), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in its entirety;
In some embodiments according to the present inventive subject matter, any of the features, e.g., circuitry, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/809,959, filed on Jun. 1, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE WITH COOLING” (inventors: Thomas G. Coleman, Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven attorney docket number 931—007 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/626,483, filed Jan. 24, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entireties, can be employed.
The present inventive subject matter provides for improved overall system efficiency to provide a self ballasted lamp having a wall plug efficiency of at least 85 lumens for each watt of input power. The self ballasted lamp may be used for AC or DC operation. Each aspect of the lamp has been designed to improve efficiency and, in some cases, optimize efficiency for the overall system. This includes the power supply, thermal management, optic system, LED light sources and LED configuration. The inventive subject matter provides a lamp with a high CRI (>90) at a relatively warm CCT of less than 4000K.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high efficiency lamp 10 according to the inventive subject matter. The lamp 10 includes a lower housing 12 and an upper housing 14. The lower housing 12 is a cast aluminum housing having fins surrounding the circumference and provides sidewalls of the mixing enclosure 24. The lower housing may be a lower housing of an LR6 fixture from Cree LED Lighting Solutions, Inc., Durham, N.C., with the trim flange removed such that the housing does not extend past the lens 22. Other suitable lower housing materials having similar thermal properties could also be utilized.
The upper housing 14 includes a cavity 16 and also has fins to increase the overall area for heat extraction. The upper housing 14 has substantially the same configuration as the upper housing of the LR6 fixture. In the present embodiment, the upper housing 14 is made from copper. Other suitable upper housing materials having similar thermal properties could also be utilized. For example, the upper housing could be made from aluminum or other thermally conductive material. An electrically insulating layer 17 is provided within the upper housing 14 to isolate the power supply 34 from the upper housing 14. The insulating layer 17 may, for example, be Formex. A thermal gasket (not shown) is provided between the upper housing 14 and the lower housing 12 to assure a good thermal coupling between the two housings. The thermal gasket may, for example, be Sil-Pad from The Bergquist Company.
A top plate 18 is provided on the upper housing 14 and encloses the cavity 16. A connector 20, such as an Edison type screw connector, is provided on the top plate 18 to allow connection of the lamp 10 to a power source, such as an AC line. Other connector types could be utilized and may depend on the power source to which the lamp 10 is to be connected.
A lens 22 is provided on the opening of the lower housing 12 to provide a mixing enclosure 24 having sidewalls defined by the lower housing 12 and opposing ends formed by the upper housing 14 and the lens 22. The mixing enclosure 24 is a frusto-conical shape with a height of about 2.15″ and with a diameter at one end of 2.91″ and of 4.56″ at the opposing end. The lens 22 includes optical features on the side facing the light sources that obscures the light sources and mixes the light. The lens used in the present embodiment is a lens from the LR6 fixture that is provided by RPC Photonics, Rochester, N.Y. In general, the lens 22 has a full width, half max (FWHM) of between 50° and 60°, which balances light transmission with diffusion to obscure the light sources.
The mixing enclosure 24 is lined with a highly reflective material 26, such as MCPET® from Furakawa, to reduce losses from light reflected back into the mixing enclosure 24 by the lens. The highly reflective material 26 reflects between 98% and 99% of the light across the visible spectrum. A reflective material 27 is also provided on the LED board 28 and may be provided on any exposed portions of the upper housing 14. The reflective material 27 can also be MCPET®, laser cut to fit around the LEDs 30 and 32.
The light sources are LEDs. The LEDs include non-white, non-saturated phosphor converted LEDs 30 and saturated LEDs 32. The LEDs provided light output as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,213,940, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety. In this particular embodiment, 21 phosphor converted LEDs 30 and 11 saturated LEDs 32 are utilized. The phosphor converted LEDs 30 are Cree X Lamps from Cree, Inc., Durham, N.C. and the saturated LEDs 32 are from OSRAM/Sylvania. The brightness of the parts are sufficiently high to achieve the desired light output and wall plug efficiency. The saturated LEDs 32 are OSRAM Golden Dragon parts to which lenses are attached to improve light extraction. In particular, an optical adhesive is used to attach lenses, such as the lenses from Cree XRE parts, to the Golden Dragons.
The LEDs 30 and 32 are serially connected in a single string of LEDs. This provides a high voltage string of LEDs that allows for increased efficiency in driving the LEDs. The LEDs 30 and 32 are selected so as to provide the desired mixed color point. In particular, the LEDs are phosphor converted LEDs having color points that are close to a line between x,y coordinates of the 1931 CIE diagram of 0.3431, 0.3642; and 0.3625, 0.3979 and LEDs having color points that are close to a line between x,y coordinates of the 1931 CIE diagram of 0.3638, 0.4010; and 0.3844, 0.4400. The phosphor LEDs have outputs that range from 108.2 lumens to 112.6 lumens at 350 mA. The saturated LEDs have color points at x,y coordinates of the 1931 CIE diagram of about 0.6809, 0.3189 and a peak wavelength of about 622 nm.
The LEDs 30 and 32 are mounted on a copper metal core circuit board 28 which is mounted with a thermal gasket material 29 to the upper housing 14. A conformal coating (not shown) of HumiSeal 1C49LV is applied to the circuit board 28. The circuit board 28 is connected to the power supply 34 through the upper housing 14.
The power supply 34 is connected to the Edison connector 20 through wires 36 and 38. A schematic of the power supply 34 is provided in FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, the string of LEDs is connected between pins 1 and 2 of J1. With regard to specific parts, the values in the present embodiment are provided in FIG. 5 for the majority of parts. With regard to parts without values, the diode D2 is a MURS140 from Digikey, the inductor L1 is 3.9 mH and the transistor Q1 is an nFET FQP3N30-ND from Digikey. The HV9910B is a universal high brightness LED driver from Supertex, Inc, Sunnyvale, Calif. The variable resistance R5 is provided to adjust the current through the LED string connected across J1.
The device of FIGS. 4 and 5 was tested by NIST and resulted in the following performance:
Input voltage: 120 Volts (V) AC, 60 Hz
Lamp current: 0.1158 Amperes (A)
LED Lamp Input Electrical Power: 5.802 Watts (W)
Total Luminous Flux: 658.7 lumens (lm)
Wall plug efficiency: 113.5 lm/W
CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates: x 0.4511, y 0.4022
Correlated Color Temperature: 2760K
CRI: 91.2
Ambient temperature: 26° C.
The optical performance of the system was measured internally at LED Lighting Fixtures, Inc. (Morrisville, N.C.) as about a 4.5% loss in that about 95.5% of the light generated by the light sources was extracted from the lamp. The power supply efficiency was measured internally at LED Lighting Fixtures, Inc. as about 93.5% in that 93.5% of the power supplied to the lamp was supplied to the load.
Pictures of the self ballasted lamp are provided in FIGS. 6-9.
In light of the above discussion, solid state lighting lamps are provided that have a wall plug efficiency of at least 85 lm/W, in some embodiments at least 90 lm/W, in other embodiments at least 100 lm/W and in further embodiments at least 110 lm/W. Such lamps may have a CCT of less than about 4000K, in some embodiments about 3500K and in other embodiments about 2700K. Furthermore, the output lumens of such lamps may be 300 lumens or greater, in some embodiments, 500 lumens of greater, in further embodiments about 650 lumens and in additional embodiments greater than 650 lumens.
In particular embodiments, the solid state lighting lamp may be a self ballasted lamp and may include the power supply and light source. Additionally, in some embodiments, the thermal design of the lighting device is such that the junction temperature of the LEDs can be maintained at or below the manufactured rated junction temperature for a 25,000 hour lifetime, a 35,000 hour lifetime or even a 50,000 hour lifetime when operated in an ambient of 25° C. or less or in some embodiments 35° C. or less. Accordingly, in some embodiments the lighting device has an expected lifetime of 25,000 hours of operation, in other embodiments, 35,000 hours of operation and in further embodiments, 50,000 hours of operation.
In particular embodiments, the solid state lamps according to the present inventive subject matter receive AC power from an AC power line such that wall plug efficiency is delivered lumens per watt of AC input power.
Many alterations and modifications may be made by those having ordinary slill in the art, given the benefit of the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive subject matter. Therefore, it must be understood that the illustrated embodiments have been set forth only for the purposes of example, and that it should not be taken as limiting the inventive subject matter as defined by the following claims. The following claims are, therefore, to be read to include not only the combination of elements which are literally set forth but all equivalent elements for performing substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain substantially the same result. The claims are thus to be understood to include what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptually equivalent, and also what incorporates the essential idea of the inventive subject matter.
said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emitting output light having a wall plug efficiency of at least 85 lumens per watt of said electricity.
3. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said output light is perceived as white.
4. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said output light has a CRI Ra of at least 90.
5. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said solid state light emitter is a first light emitting diode.
7. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said lighting device further comprises at least one power line, at least a first group of said light emitting diodes being directly or switchably electrically connected to said power line, a voltage drop across said first group of said light emitting diodes, and across any other components along said power line, being between 1.3 and 1.5 times a standard outlet voltage.
8. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein when said lighting device is supplied with electricity of said first wattage, a mixture of all light exiting from said lighting device which was emitted by any of said at least one solid state light emitter which emit light having a dominant wavelength which is outside the range of between 600 nm and 700 nm would have x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38.
9. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said output light is perceived as warm white.
10. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emits output light having a wall plug efficiency in the range of from about 85 to about 113.5 lumens per watt of said electricity.
11. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emits output light having a wall plug efficiency of at least 110 lumens per watt of said electricity.
12. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emits output light having a wall plug efficiency in the range of from about 100 to about 113.5 lumens per watt of said electricity.
13. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said electricity is AC electricity.
14. A light device as recited in claim 1, wherein the lighting device comprises a self-ballasted lamp.
15. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein the lighting device further maintains a junction temperature of the solid state light emitter at or below a manufacturer rated junction temperature for a 25,000 hour lifetime in a 25° C. ambient temperature.
16. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein the lighting device comprises:
one or more strings of light emitting diodes;
a power supply for driving the one or more strings of light emitting diodes from an AC power source;
a heat sink in thermal communication with the light emitting diodes and configured to transfer heat from the light emitting diodes to an ambient environment of the lighting device; and
a diffuser optic configured to balance light transmission with diffusion to obscure the light emitting diode light sources.
17. A method of lighting, comprising providing a lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and having a wall plug efficiency of at least 85 lumens per watt of power.
18. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein output light exiting from said lighting device is of a brightness of at least 300 lumens.
19. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein output light exiting from said lighting device is perceived as white.
20. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein output light exiting from said lighting device has a CRI Ra of at least 90.
21. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein said lighting device has a wall plug efficiency in the range of from about 85 to about 113.5 lumens per watt of said electricity.
22. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein said lighting device has a wall plug efficiency of at least 110 lumens per watt of said electricity.
23. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein said power is AC electricity.
24. A method of lighting, comprising:
providing a lighting device that uses power of a first wattage;
providing at least one solid state light emitter; and
emitting light that has a wall plug efficiency of at least 85 lumens per watt of power.
US12/277,745 2006-05-31 2008-11-25 Lighting device and method of lighting Active 2030-01-28 US8403531B2 (en)
US11/755,153 US8596819B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2007-05-30 Lighting device and method of lighting
US99043507P true 2007-11-27 2007-11-27
US99043907P true 2007-11-27 2007-11-27
US12/277,745 US8403531B2 (en) 2007-05-30 2008-11-25 Lighting device and method of lighting
US11/755,153 Continuation-In-Part US8596819B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2007-05-30 Lighting device and method of lighting
US20090161356A1 true US20090161356A1 (en) 2009-06-25
US8403531B2 US8403531B2 (en) 2013-03-26
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US12/277,745 Active 2030-01-28 US8403531B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2008-11-25 Lighting device and method of lighting
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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NEGLEY, GERALD H.;VAN DE VEN, ANTONY PAUL;COLEMAN, THOMAS G.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20081222 TO 20090115;REEL/FRAME:022377/0458