Source: http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1921/114162
Timestamp: 2014-08-20 08:46:27
Document Index: 414010115

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 8', '§ 9', '§ 10', '§ 11', '§ 12', '§ 13', '§ 14', '§ 15', '§ 16', '§ 17', '§ 18', '§ 19', '§ 20', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 8', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 8', '§ 9', '§ 10', '§ 11', '§ 12', '§ 13', '§ 14', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 8', '§ 9', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 8', '§ 9', '§ 10', '§ 11', '§ 12', '§ 13', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 8', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 8', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 8', '§ 9']

Jeremy Bentham, The Works of Jeremy Bentham, vol. 2 (Judicial Procedure, Anarchical Fallacies, works on Taxation) [1843]
Jeremy Bentham, The Works of Jeremy Bentham, published under the Superintendence of his Executor, John Bowring (Edinburgh: William Tait, 1838-1843). 11 vols. Vol. 2.
http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1921
An 11 volume collection of the works of Jeremy Bentham edited by the philosophic radical and political reformer John Bowring. Vol. 2 contains works on judicial procedure, his attack on natural rights in Anarchical Fallacies, and works on taxation.
§ 1.: General Division.
§ 2.: Operations.
§ 3.: Instruments.
§ 4.: Judication.
§ 1.: Rules as to minimization of evil.
§ 2.: Rules as to irreparable evil.
§ 3.: Rules for the guidance of the judge in the exercise of his ulterior powers.
§ 4.: Inflexible regulations, none.
§ 5.: Substitution to inflexible rules.
§ 6.: Which side is most likely to be in the right?
§ 1.: Judicial Application—what.
§ 2.: Applicant’s Judicatory—what.
§ 3.: Order of making application.
§ 4.: Personal Attendance.
§ 5.: Applicants—who.
§ 6.: Interessees—who.
§ 7.: Application how commenced.
§ 8.: Application—its purposes.
§ 9.: Mode oral—why.
§ 10.: Oaths, none—why.
§ 11.: Before applicant’s statement—responsibility how secured.
§ 12.: Self-notificative information, elicited how.
§ 13.: Applicant’s accessibility secured, how.
§ 14.: Causes for dismissal.
§ 15.: Proceedings, when secret.
§ 16.: Deceptive fallaciousness—its modes.
§ 17.: Justice-obstructing application obviated.
§ 18.: Application by a party to a quarrel; or say, Quarrels, how terminated.
§ 19.: Parties’ forthcomingness.
§ 20.: English Practice.
§ 1.: Proxies, when and who.
§ 2.: Litigational proxies.
§ 3.: Of damage-preventive application, by uncommissioned proxies.
§ 4.: Unauthorized proxies receivable, how.
§ 1.: Subject-matters of communication.
§ 2.: Modes of communication.
§ 3.: Means of communication.
§ 4.: Accessibility-securing.
§ 5.: Difficulties obviated.
§ 6.: Future-communication-securing memento.
§ 1.: Indicative and appropriate.
§ 2.: Exclusion of party’s testimony, its ill effects.
§ 3.: Evidence receivable.
§ 4.: Modes of interrogation to be abstained from.
§ 5.: Choice as between species and species of Evidence.
§ 6.: Causes of mendacity—Practice of English judges.
§ 7.: Probation.
§ 8.: Evidence as to character.
§ 1.: Commencement of a Suit.
§ 2.: Initiatory application, litiscontestational.
§ 3.: Reiteration of suits—none.
§ 4.: Demand-Paper.
Demand-Paper A.
Demand-Paper B.
Demand-Paper C.
Demand-Paper D.
Demand-Paper E.
Notes to Demand-Paper A.
Notes to Demand-Paper B.
Note to Demand-Paper D.
§ 5.: Pursuer’s demand, how amendable.
§ 6.: Commencement of suits—English practice.
§ 7.: Judication without audition, Anglicé—its absurdity.
§ 1.: Modes or shapes.
§ 2.: Defence, how procurable.
§ 3.: Defendant’s attendance—its uses.
§ 4.: Consideranda.
§ 1.: Suit, what.
§ 2.: Sources of distinction.
§ 3.: Non-penal and penal.
§ 4.: Simple and complex.
§ 5.: Original and excretitious.
§ 6.: Plurilateral and unilateral.
§ 7.: Services graduable or non-graduable.
§ 8.: Suits expeditable and continuous: continuous, essentially continuous, and accidentally continuous.
§ 9.: Distributive-seeking suits.
§ 10.: Several Suits against the same person, how combinable.
§ 11.: Common-law and equity suits,—imaginary, their distinction.
§ 12.: Account suits
§ 13.: Suits summary and chronical..
§ 14.: Quasi suits, or say incompletely organized suits.
§ 1.: Execution, what.
§ 2.: Modes of agency applicable to the purpose of execution.
§ 3.: Of Forthcomingness—to wit, for the purpose of execution.
§ 4.: Of Procedure inter distantes.
§ 5.: Friendly Bondsmanship.
§ 1.: Counter-security, what.
§ 2.: Counter-security, need of.
§ 3.: Possession-giving security, or pledge-giving security.
§ 1.: Degrees in the scale of affluence, how measured for the purposes of compensation and punishment.
§ 2.: Costs the grand instrument of mischief in English practice.
§ 3.: Burthen of costs minimized.
§ 4.: Parties wronged preserved from ridicule.
§ 5.: Female delicacy, how preserved from injury.
§ 6.: Vexation by cheapness of appeal obviated.
§ 1.: Mode of transfer.
§ 2.: Testifying witness, how procurable.
To the Judge immediate of Wootton sub-district, the immediate Judge of Hilton subdistrict, with fraternal regard.
§ 1.: Subject-matter.
§ 2.: Purposes.
§ 3.: Prehension applied to persons.
§ 4.: Conditions necessary to justify the issuing of a warrant of arrestation.
§ 5.: Of seizure, viz. of property, moveable or immoveable.
§ 1.: Jury in general.
§ 2.: Use of jury’s unamimity, causing weakness in Government.
§ 3.: In what causes shall a jury be employed.
§ 4.: Effects advantageous and disadvantageous.
§ 5.: Proposed unimpowered jury, its uses and regulations.
§ 6.: Jurymen who? What persons should be capable of serving as jurymen.
§ 7.: Jury appointment.
§ 8.: Securities for appropriate aptitude.
§ 9.: Jurymen, number of—proportion requisite to command the verdict.
§ 1.: Preparatory or preliminary observations.
§ 2.: Quasi-jury, what.
§ 3.: Quasi-Jurors, who, and how chosen.
§ 4.: Expunction.
§ 5.: Quasi-Jury, uses of.
§ 6.: Difference between Jury and Quasi-Jury.
§ 7.: Collateral advantages or beneficial applicabilities, two.
§ 8.: Jurisdiction.
§ 9.: Interrogative function.
§ 10.: Opinative function.
§ 11.: Warrant for Appeal.
§ 12.: Costs of quasi-trial.
§ 13.: Features in jury-trial here discarded.
§ 1.: Appeal and Quasi-appeal, what?
§ 2.: Grounds for quasi-appeal.
§ 3.: Uses of Appeal.
§ 4.: Proceedings before the Appellant Judge.
§ 5.: Checks.
§ 6.: Options of Judge-appellate as to Judge-immediate.
§ 7.: Evidence discovered after ultimate decrees, how far producible.
§ 8.: Security against undue punishment of an irreparable nature.
Application of the above principle.
(A.): Book I. Ch. viii p. 210.
(B.): Book I. Ch. viii. p. 211.
CONSTITUTIONAL CODE, c. c.
On the Liberty of the Press—the approaching Eight Months’ sleep of the Cortes—and the Exclusion of Experience from the succeeding Cortes.
On the Liberty of Public Discussion in Free Meetings—Continuation from Letter II.
On the Liberty of Public Discussion in Free Meetings—Continuation of the subject from Letter III.
ESSAY ON POLITICAL TACTICS.*
§ 1.: General view of the subject.
§ 2.: Ends that ought to be kept in view in a code of regulations relative to this head.
§ 3.: Of Political Bodies in general.
§ 4.: Of Permanent Bodies.
§ 5.: Division of the Legislative Body into two assemblies.
§ 1.: Reasons for Publicity.
§ 2.: Objections to Publicity.
§ 3.: Objects to which publicity ought to extend.
§ 4.: Exceptions to the rule of Publicity.
§ 5.: Means of Publicity.
§ 6.: State of things in England.
§ 1.: Of the Building suitable for a numerous assembly.
§ 2.: Table of Motions.
§ 3.: Description of a Table of Motions.
Contents of the Table of Motions.
§ 4.: On a Table of Regulations.
§ 1.: Of the utility of a Distinctive Dress for Members.
§ 2.: Of the manner of placing the Members, and of a Rostrum for the Orators.
§ 3.: Of the hours of business, fixed or free.
§ 4.: Duty of attendance—Mischiefs resulting from non-attendance.
§ 5.: Means of insuring attendance.
§ 6.: British practice in relation to attendance.
§ 7.: Of the practice of requiring a certain number to form a House.
§ 8.: Visitors—mode of admission.
§ 1.: Of the office of President.* RULES.
§ 2.: Functions, competent and incompetent.
§ 3.: Sequel. Choice.
§ 4.: General Observations.
§ 1.: Introductory Observations.
§ 2.: Principal points to be attended to in the mode of proceeding relative to the formation of the acts† of a political assembly.
§ 3.—: Points I. II. Motion written, and in terminis.
§ 4.—: Point III. Unity of the subject of debate kept inviolate.
§ 5.—: Point IV. The process of debating distinct from, and prior to, that of voting.
§ 6.—: Point V. In debating, no fixed order of pre-audience.
§ 7.—: Point VI. Simultaneity of the Votes.
§ 1.: Of the Opening of a Debate.
§ 2.: Of free and strict Debate.
§ 3.: Of three Debates upon every proposed law.†
§ 4.: Of the exclusion of Written Discourses.
§ 5.: Other rules relative to Debate.
§ 6.: Of the Election of Debaters.
§ 2.: Of open and secret Voting.
§ 3.: Of summary and distinct Voting.
§ 1.: Of Special Committees.
§ 2.: Of Committees of the whole House.
THE BOOK OF FALLACIES.
§ 1.: Analysis of Authority.
§ 2.: Appeal to Authority, in what cases fallacious.*
CHAPTER II.: THE WISDOM OF OUR ANCESTORS; OR CHINESE ARGUMENT—(ad verecundiam.)
§ 1.: Exposition.
§ 2.: Exposure.
2.: Vows or Promissory Oaths.
CHAPTER IV.: NO-PRECEDENT ARGUMENT—(ad verecundiam.)
CHAPTER VI.: LAUDATORY PERSONALITIES—(ad amicitiam.)
CHAPTER I.: VITUPERATIVE PERSONALITIES—(ad odium.)
§ 1.: To begin with the imputation of bad design.
§ 2.: Imputation of bad character.
§ 3.: Imputation of bad motive.
§ 4.: Imputation of inconsistency.
§ 5.: Imputation of suspicious connexions—(noscitur ex sociis.)
§ 6.: Imputation founded on identity of denomination—(noscitur ex cognominibus.)
§ 7.: Cause of the prevalence of the fallacies belonging to this class.
§ 1.: The Hobgoblin Argument, or, No Innovation!—(ad metum.)
§ 2.: Apprehension of mischief from change—what foundation it has in truth.
§ 3.: Time the innovator-general, a counter-fallacy.
§ 4.: Sinister interests in which this fallacy has its source.
CHAPTER III.: FALLACY OF DISTRUST, OR, WHAT’S AT THE BOTTOM?—(ad metum.)
CHAPTER IV.: OFFICIAL MALEFACTOR’S SCREEN—(ad metum.)
CHAPTER V.: ACCUSATION-SCARER’S DEVICE—(ad metum.)
CHAPTER I.: THE QUIETIST, OR “NO COMPLAINT”—(ad quietem)
CHAPTER II.: FALLACY OF FALSE CONSOLATION—(ad quietem.)
CHAPTER III.: PROCRASTINATOR’S ARGUMENT (ad socordiam.)
CHAPTER IV.: SNAIL’S-PACE ARGUMENT.—(ad socordiam.)
CHAPTER V.: FALLACY OF ARTFUL DIVERSION—(ad verecundiam.)
CHAPTER I.: QUESTION-BEGGING APPELLATIVES—(ad judicium.)
CHAPTER II.: IMPOSTOR TERMS—(ad judicium.)
CHAPTER III.: VAGUE GENERALITIES—(ad judicium.)
1.: Order.
2.: Establishment.
3.: Matchless Constitution.
4.: Balance of Power.
5.: Glorious Revolution.
CHAPTER IV.: ALLEGORICAL IDOLS—(ad imaginationem.)
CHAPTER V.: SWEEPING CLASSIFICATIONS—(ad judicium.)
CHAPTER VI.: SHAM DISTINCTIONS—(ad judicium.)
CHAPTER VII.: POPULAR CORRUPTION—(ad superbiam.)
CHAPTER IX.: ANTI-RATIONAL FALLACIES—(ad verecundiam.)
§ 1.: Abuse of the words Speculative, Theoretical, c.
§ 2.: Utopian.
§ 3.: Good in theory, bad in practice.
§ 4.: Too good to be practicable.
CHAPTER X.: PARADOXICAL ASSERTION—(ad judicium.)
2.: Classification a bad thing—Good method a bad thing.
3.: Simplification.
4.: Disinterestedness a mark of profligacy.
5.: How to turn this fallacy to account.
CHAPTER XI.: NON-CAUSA PRO CAUSA: OR, CAUSE AND OBSTACLE CONFOUNDED—(ad judicium.)
CHAPTER XII.: PARTIALITY-PREACHER’S ARGUMENT—(ad judicium.)
CHAPTER XIII.: THE END JUSTIFIES THE MEANS—(ad judicium.)
CHAPTER XIV.: OPPOSER-GENERAL’S JUSTIFICATION:—NOT MEASURES BUT MEN; OR, NOT MEN BUT MEASURES—(ad invidiam.)
CHAPTER XV.: REJECTION INSTEAD OF AMENDMENT—(ad judicium.)
First cause,—Sinister Interest, of the operation of which the party affected by it is conscious.
Article I.: Men [all men] are born and remain free, and equal in respect of rights. Social distinctions cannot be founded, but upon common utility.
Article II.: The end in view of every political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
Article III.: The principle of every sovereignty [government] resides essentially in the nation. No body of men—no single individual—can exercise any authority which does not expressly issue from thence.
Article IV.: Liberty consists in being able to do that which is not hurtful to another, and therefore the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no other bounds than those which insure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These bounds cannot be determined but by the law.
Article V.: The law has no right to forbid any other actions than such as are hurtful to society. Whatever is not forbidden by the law, cannot be hindered; nor can any individual be compelled to do that which the law does not command.
Article VI.: The law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has the right of concurring in person, or by his representatives, in the formation of it: it ought to be the same for all, whether it protect, or whether it punish. All the citizens being equal in its eyes, are equally admissible to all dignities, public places, and employments, according to their capacity, and without any other distinction than that of their virtues and their talents.
Article VII.: No one can be accused, arrested or detained,
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but in the cases determined by the law, and according to the forms prescribed by the law. Those who solicit, issue, execute, or cause to be executed, arbitrary orders, ought to be punished; but every citizen, summoned or arrested in virtue of the law, ought to obey that instant: he renders himself culpable by resistance.
Article VIII.: The law ought not to establish any other punishments than such as are strictly and evidently necessary; and no one can be punished but in virtue of a law established and promulgated before the commission of the offence, and applied in a legal manner.
Article IX.: Every individual being presumed innocent until he have been declared guilty,—if it be judged necessary to arrest him, every act of rigour which is not necessary to the making sure of his person, ought to be severely inhibited by the law.
Article X.: No one ought to be molested [meaning, probably, by government] for his opinions, even in matters of religion, provided that the manisfestation of them does not disturb [better expressed perhaps by saying, except in as far as the manifestation of them disturb, or rather tends to the disturbance of] the public order established by the law.
Article XI.: The free examination of thoughts and opinions is one of the most precious rights of man: every citizen may therefore speak, write, and print freely, provided always that he shall be answerable for the abuse of that liberty in the cases determined by the law.
Article XII.: The guarantee of the rights of the man and of the citizen necessitates a public force: this force is therefore instituted for the advantage of all, and not for the particular utility [advantage] of those to whom it is intrusted.
Article XIII.: For the maintenance of the public force, and for the expenses of administration, a common contribution is indispensable: it ought to be equally divided among all the citizens in proportion to their faculties.
Article XIV.: All the citizens have the right to ascertain by themselves, or by their representatives, the necessity of the public contribution—to give their free consent to it—to follow up the aplication of it, and to determine the quantity of it, the objects on which it shall be levied, the mode of levying it and getting it in, and the duration of it.
Article XV.: Society has a right to demand from every agent of the public, an account of his administration.
Article XVI.: Every society in which the warranty of rights is not assured, [“la garantie des droits n’est pas assurée,”] nor the separation of powers determined, has no constitution.
Article XVII.: Property being an inviolable and sacred right, no one can be deprived of it, unless it be when public necessity, legally established, evidently requires it [i. e. the sacrifice of it,] and under the condition of a just and previous indemnity.
Rights.—Article I.: The rights of man in society are liberty, equality, security, and property.
Article II.: Liberty consists in the power of doing that which hurts not the rights of others.
Article III.: Sentence 1. Equality consists in this—that the law is the same for all, whether it protect or whether it punish.
Article IV.: Security results from the concurrence of all in securing the rights of each.
Article V.: Property is the right of enjoying and disposing of one’s goods—of one’s revenues—of the fruit of one’s labour and one’s industry.
Article I., or Preamble.: The Declaration of Rights contains the obligations of legislators:—the maintenance of society requires that those who compose it, know and fulfil equally their duties.
Article II.: All the duties of the man and the citizen are derived from these two principles, engraven by nature in all breasts, in the hearts of all men,—
Article IV.: No one is a good citizen if he be not a good son, a good father, a good brother, a good friend, a good husband.
Article V.: No man is a good man if he be not frankly and religiously an observer of the laws.
Article VI.: He who openly violates the law, declares himself in a state of war with society.
Article VII.: He who, without openly infringing the laws, eludes them by cunning or address, wounds the interests of all; he renders himself unworthy of their benevolence and their esteem.
Article VIII.: On the maintenance of property rests the cultivation of the lands, all the productions, every means of labour, and the whole fabric of social order.
Article IX.: Every citizen owes his services to his country, to the maintenance of liberty, equality, and property, as often as the law calls upon him to defend them.
§ 1.: Grounds of expectation respecting the practicability of the proposed junction.
§ 2.: Outline of the proposed agreement for the accomplishment of it.
§ 3.: Mexico—sacrifices eventually requisite—inducements to compliance.
§ 4.: Columbia—her particular inducements to concurrence.
§ 5.: Inducements common to Mexico and Columbia.
§ 6.: Inducements common to Mexico, Columbia, and the Anglo-American United States,—water communication between their ports on the one ocean, and their ports on the other.
§ 7.: In the eyes of capitalists, the proposed protection at the hands of the Anglo-American United States, necessary and satisfactory.
§ 8.: Anglo-American United States,—their inducements for granting the protection requisite.
§ 9.: All other Nations,—their inducements to acquiescence.
1.: The Stock Broker.
II.: The Banker.
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