Source: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title10/html/USCODE-2011-title10-subtitleA-partII-chap47A.htm
Timestamp: 2016-10-01 14:17:12
Document Index: 651726816

Matched Legal Cases: ['§1801', '§1', '§2', '§1802', '§948', '§1034', '§1034', '§1034', '§1802', '§1030', '§1030', '§1802', '§1030', '§1030', '§1030', '§1802', '§1034', '§1034', '§1034', '§1034', '§1034']

I.General Provisions948a.
II.Composition of Military Commissions948h.
III.Pre-Trial Procedure948q.
IV.Trial Procedure949a.
V.Classified Information Procedures949p–1.
VI.Sentences949s.
VII.Post-Trial Procedures and Review of Military Commissions 1
VIII.Punitive Matters950p.
948a.Definitions.
948b.Military commissions generally.
948c.Persons subject to military commissions.
948d.Jurisdiction of military commissions.
(3) Coalition partner.—The term “coalition partner”, with respect to hostilities engaged in by the United States, means any State or armed force directly engaged along with the United States in such hostilities or providing direct operational support to the United States in connection with such hostilities.
(4) Geneva convention relative to the treatment of prisoners of war.—The term “Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War” means the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3316).
(5) Geneva conventions.—The term “Geneva Conventions” means the international conventions signed at Geneva on August 12, 1949.
(6) Privileged belligerent.—The term “privileged belligerent” means an individual belonging to one of the eight categories enumerated in Article 4 of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.
(7) Unprivileged enemy belligerent.—The term “unprivileged enemy belligerent” means an individual (other than a privileged belligerent) who—
(8) National security.—The term “national security” means the national defense and foreign relations of the United States.
(9) Hostilities.—The term “hostilities” means any conflict subject to the laws of war.
Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XVIII, §1801, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2574, provided that: “This title [enacting this chapter, amending sections 802 and 839 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 801 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Military Commissions Act of 2009’.”
Pub. L. 109–366, §1(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2600, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Military Commissions Act of 2006’.”
“(a) Prior Convictions.—The amendment made by section 1802 [generally amending this chapter] shall have no effect on the validity of any conviction pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as such chapter was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009]).
“(b) Composition of Military Commissions.—Notwithstanding the amendment made by section 1802—
“(1) any commission convened pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as such chapter was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), shall be deemed to have been convened pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as amended by section 1802);
“(2) any member of the Armed Forces detailed to serve on a commission pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), shall be deemed to have been detailed pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as so amended);
“(3) any military judge detailed to a commission pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), shall be deemed to have been detailed pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as so amended);
“(4) any trial counsel or defense counsel detailed for a commission pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), shall be deemed to have been detailed pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as so amended);
“(5) any court reporters detailed to or employed by a commission pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), shall be deemed to have been detailed or employed pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as so amended); and
“(6) any appellate military judge or other duly appointed appellate judge on the Court of Military Commission Review pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), shall be deemed to have been detailed or appointed to the United States Court of Military Commission Review pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as so amended).
“(c) Charges and Specifications.—Notwithstanding the amendment made by section 1802—
“(1) any charges or specifications sworn or referred pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as such chapter was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), shall be deemed to have been sworn or referred pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as amended by section 1802); and
“(2) any charges or specifications described in paragraph (1) may be amended, without prejudice, as needed to properly allege jurisdiction under chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as so amended), and crimes triable under such chapter.
“(1) In general.—Except as provided in subsections (a) through (c) and subject to paragraph (2), any commission convened pursuant to chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as such chapter was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), shall be conducted after the date of the enactment of this Act in accordance with the procedures and requirements of chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as amended by section 1802).
“(2) Temporary continuation of prior procedures and requirements.—Any military commission described in paragraph (1) may be conducted in accordance with any procedures and requirements of chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), that are not inconsistent with the provisions of chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code, (as so amended), until the earlier of—
“(A) the date of the submittal to Congress under section 1805 of the revised rules for military commissions under chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as so amended); or
“(B) the date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.”
“(a) Deadline for Submittal.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009], the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives the revised rules for military commissions prescribed by the Secretary for purposes of chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as amended by section 1802).
“(b) Treatment of Revised Rules Under Requirement for Notice and Wait Regarding Modification of Rules.—The revised rules submitted to Congress under subsection (a) shall not be treated as a modification of the rules in effect for military commissions for purposes of section 949a(d) of title 10, United States Code (as so amended).”
“(a) Annual Reports Required.—Not later than January 31 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report on any trials conducted by military commissions under chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as amended by section 1802), during the preceding year.
“(b) Form.—Each report under this section shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.”
Pub. L. 109–366, §2, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2600, provided that: “The authority to establish military commissions under chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 3(a), may not be construed to alter or limit the authority of the President under the Constitution of the United States and laws of the United States to establish military commissions for areas declared to be under martial law or in occupied territories should circumstances so require.”
(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XVIII, §1802, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2575.)
George W. Bush. §948c. Persons subject to military commissions
948h.Who may convene military commissions.
948i.Who may serve on military commissions.
948j.Military judge of a military commission.
948k.Detail of trial counsel and defense counsel.
948l.Detail or employment of reporters and interpreters.
948m.Number of members; excuse of members; absent and additional members.
(a) Number of Members.—(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a military commission under this chapter shall have at least five members.
(2) In a case in which the accused before a military commission under this chapter may be sentenced to a penalty of death, the military commission shall have the number of members prescribed by section 949m(c) of this title.
(c) Absent and Additional Members.—Whenever a military commission under this chapter is reduced below the number of members required by subsection (a), the trial may not proceed unless the convening authority details new members sufficient to provide not less than such number. The trial may proceed with the new members present after the recorded evidence previously introduced before the members has been read to the military commission in the presence of the military judge, the accused (except as provided in section 949d of this title), and counsel for both sides.
948q.Charges and specifications.
948r.Exclusion of statements obtained by torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment; prohibition of self-incrimination; admission of other statements of the accused.
948s.Service of charges.
949a.Rules.
949b.Unlawfully influencing action of military commission and United States Court of Military Commission Review.
949c.Duties of trial counsel and defense counsel.
949d.Sessions.
949e.Continuances.
949f.Challenges.
949g.Oaths.
949h.Former jeopardy.
949i.Pleas of the accused.
949j.Opportunity to obtain witnesses and other evidence.
949k.Defense of lack of mental responsibility.
949l.Voting and rulings.
949m.Number of votes required.
949n.Military commission to announce action.
949o.Record of trial.
2011—Subsec. (b)(2)(C)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 112–81 substituted “sworn” for “preferred”.
2011—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 112–81, §1034(b)(1), substituted “a judge on” for “a military appellate judge or other duly appointed judge under this chapter on”.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 112–81, §1034(b)(2), substituted “a judge on” for “a military appellate judge on”.
Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 112–81, §1034(b)(3), substituted “a judge on” for “an appellate military judge or a duly appointed appellate judge on”.
(b) Finding of Guilt After Guilty Plea.—With respect to any charge or specification to which a plea of guilty has been made by the accused in a military commission under this chapter and accepted by the military judge, including a charge or specification that has been referred capital,,1 a finding of guilty of the charge or specification may be entered by the military judge immediately without a vote by the members. The finding shall constitute the finding of the military commission unless the plea of guilty is withdrawn prior to announcement of the sentence, in which event the proceedings shall continue as though the accused had pleaded not guilty.
(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XVIII, §1802, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2587; amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1030(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1570.)
2011—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–81, §1030(b)(1), in the first sentence, inserted “, including a charge or specification that has been referred capital,” after “military judge”, “by the military judge” after “may be entered”, and “by the members” after “vote”.
(b) Sentences.—(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), sentences shall be determined by a military commission by the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at the time the vote is taken.
(C) the accused was convicted of the offense by the concurrence of all the members present at the time the vote is taken, or a guilty plea was accepted and not withdrawn prior to announcement of the sentence in accordance with section 949i(b) of this title; and
(D) all members present at the time the vote was taken on the sentence concurred in the sentence of death.
(c) Number of Members Required for Penalty of Death.—(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), in a case in which the penalty of death is sought, the number of members of the military commission under this chapter shall be not less than 12 members.
(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XVIII, §1802, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2589; amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1030(a), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1570.)
2011—Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 112–81, §1030(a)(1), inserted before semicolon “, or a guilty plea was accepted and not withdrawn prior to announcement of the sentence in accordance with section 949i(b) of this title”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 112–81, §1030(a)(2), inserted “on the sentence” after “vote was taken”.
949p–1.Protection of classified information: applicability of subchapter.
949p–2.Pretrial conference.
949p–3.Protective orders.
949p–4.Discovery of, and access to, classified information by the accused.
949p–5.Notice by accused of intention to disclose classified information.
949p–6.Procedure for cases involving classified information.
949p–7.Introduction of classified information into evidence.
(1) Declarations by the united states of damage to national security.—In any case before a military commission in which the United States seeks to delete, withhold, or otherwise obtain other relief with respect to the discovery of or access to any classified information, the trial counsel shall submit a declaration invoking the United States’ classified information privilege and setting forth the damage to the national security that the discovery of or access to such information reasonably could be expected to cause. The declaration shall be signed by a knowledgeable United States official possessing authority to classify information.
949s.Cruel or unusual punishments prohibited.
949t.Maximum limits.
949u.Execution of confinement.
950a.Error of law; lesser included offense.
950b.Review by the convening authority.
950c.Appellate referral; waiver or withdrawal of appeal.
950d.Interlocutory appeals by the United States.
950e.Rehearings.
950f.Review by United States Court of Military Commission Review.
950g.Review by United States Court of Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; writ of certiorari to Supreme Court.1
950h.Appellate counsel.
950i.Execution of sentence; suspension of sentence.
950j.Finality of proceedings, findings, and sentences.
(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a submittal under paragraph (1) shall be made in writing within 20 days after the accused has been give 1 an authenticated record of trial under section 949o(c) of this title.
1 So in original. Probably should read “given”.
(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XVIII, §1802, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2603; amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1034(c), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1573.)
2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–81 substituted “judges on the Court” for “appellate military judges” in second sentence.
2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–81, §1034(d)(1), inserted “as affirmed or set aside as incorrect in law by” after “where applicable,”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–81, §1034(d)(2)(A), substituted “in the Court of Appeals—” for “by the accused in the Court of Appeals not later than 20 days after the date on which—” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 112–81, §1034(d)(2)(B), inserted “not later than 20 days after the date on which” before “written notice” and substituted “on the parties” for “on the accused or on defense counsel”.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 112–81, §1034(d)(2)(C), inserted “if” before “the accused submits” and inserted before period at end “, not later than 20 days after the date on which such notice is submitted”.
950p.Definitions; construction of certain offenses; common circumstances.
950q.Principals.
950r.Accessory after the fact.
950s.Conviction of lesser offenses.
950t.Crimes triable by military commission.
(9) Using protected persons as a shield.—Any person subject to this chapter who positions, or otherwise takes advantage of, a protected person with the intent to shield a military objective from attack.1 or to shield, favor, or impede military operations, shall be punished, if death results to one or more of the victims, by death or such other punishment as a military commission under this chapter may direct, and, if death does not result to any of the victims, by such punishment, other than death, as a military commission under this chapter may direct.
(B) Severe mental pain or suffering defined.—In this paragraph, the term “severe mental pain or suffering” has the meaning given that term in section 2340(2) of title 18.
(B) Serious bodily injury defined.—In this paragraph, the term “serious bodily injury” means bodily injury which involves—
(16) Destruction of property in violation of the law of war.—Any person subject to this chapter who intentionally destroys property belonging to another person in violation of the law of war shall 2 punished as a military commission under this chapter may direct.
(22) Sexual assault or abuse.—Any person subject to this chapter who forcibly or with coercion or threat of force engages in sexual contact with one or more persons, or causes one or more persons to engage in sexual contact, shall be punished as a military commission under this chapter may direct 3