Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JPWO2004051231A1/en
Timestamp: 2020-02-19 12:05:51
Document Index: 355506637

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 145', 'art 145', 'art 145', 'art 161', 'art 145', 'art 504', 'art 503', 'art 107', 'art 107', 'art 107', 'art 107']

JPWO2004051231A1 - Separation apparatus and separation method - Google Patents
JPWO2004051231A1
JPWO2004051231A1 JP2004556860A JP2004556860A JPWO2004051231A1 JP WO2004051231 A1 JPWO2004051231 A1 JP WO2004051231A1 JP 2004556860 A JP2004556860 A JP 2004556860A JP 2004556860 A JP2004556860 A JP 2004556860A JP WO2004051231 A1 JPWO2004051231 A1 JP WO2004051231A1
JP2004556860A
馬場　雅和
川浦　久雄
井口　憲幸
憲幸 井口
染谷　浩子
浩子 染谷
2002-11-29 Priority to JP2002349301 priority
2003-11-28 Application filed by 日本電気株式会社 filed Critical 日本電気株式会社
2006-04-06 Publication of JPWO2004051231A1 publication Critical patent/JPWO2004051231A1/en
A flow path (103) is formed on the substrate (101), and a separation portion (107) is provided in a part of the flow path (103). In the separation portion (107), a large number of columnar bodies are formed, and an adsorbed substance layer on which an adsorbed substance that specifically interacts with a specific substance is immobilized is formed on the surface. When the sample is introduced into the flow path (103), the specific substance is adsorbed on the adsorbed substance layer and separated from other components. After the inside of the flow path (103) is washed with a buffer, a desorbing liquid is passed through the flow path (103) to desorb the specific substance from the adsorbed substance layer and collect it.
The present invention relates to a separation apparatus, a separation method, and a mass spectrometry system, and more particularly, to a separation apparatus using specific interaction between substances.
In affinity chromatography, a substance having a specific interaction with a substance to be separated and purified is immobilized on an insoluble carrier to produce an affinity adsorbent, which is packed into a column and the substance of interest in the sample solution. Is a chromatograph that adsorbs to an affinity adsorbent for separation. Affinity chromatography is a particularly useful method for separating and purifying biologically-derived substances because components are separated using specific interactions between substances.
However, affinity chromatography performed by filling a column is not necessarily suitable in terms of design for efficiently separating a small amount of sample.
On the other hand, research and development of microchips equipped with functions for separating and analyzing biological substances on the chip are being actively conducted. These microchips are provided with a fine separation channel or the like using a fine processing technique, so that a very small amount of sample can be introduced into the microchip for separation.
In such a technique using a microchip, an attempt to introduce an affinity chromatography technique has been proposed (Patent Document 1). In this apparatus, an affinity adsorbent filling region using beads or the like as a carrier is provided in the flow path, and when a sample containing the target component flows through the flow path, the target component is adsorbed on the affinity adsorbent. It has become so. However, in such a configuration, as in the case of affinity chromatography using a conventional column, when the affinity adsorbent filling rate is high, the affinity adsorbents cannot be sufficiently separated from each other, There is a problem that the entire surface of the adsorbent cannot participate in the adsorption with the target substance and the separation efficiency is lowered.
In addition, in the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, it is described that the wall of the channel can be used as an insoluble carrier. However, when only the wall is used, the surface area is small and an attempt is made to provide a sufficient affinity adsorbent. , The length of the channel was getting bigger.
In addition, after the target substance is adsorbed on the affinity adsorbent, it must be desorbed from the affinity adsorbent and recovered. In this case, a solution containing a high concentration salt solution or organic solvent is used. When this substance is a substance having a higher order structure such as a protein, there is a problem that irreversible modification of the three-dimensional structure, inactivation or the like occurs.
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-502597
In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus or method for efficiently separating a specific substance in a sample by using a specific interaction. Another object of the present invention is to provide a small separation device that efficiently separates and collects a trace amount of a specific substance. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a separation apparatus or separation method in which a specific substance is adsorbed and then desorbed by a simple method and recovered while maintaining a high activity. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a mass spectrometry system applicable to a biological sample.
According to the present invention, a base material, a flow path through which a sample provided on the base material flows, a separation section provided in the flow path for separating a specific substance in the sample, and provided in the separation section A separation device, wherein a layer of a substance to be adsorbed that selectively adsorbs or binds to the specific substance is formed in the separation part. Provided.
In the present invention, “selectively adsorb or bind” means that only the test substance is adsorbed or bound to the detection substance, and other substances contained in the sample are not adsorbed or bound. There is no limitation on the mode of adsorption or binding, and it may be a physical interaction or a chemical interaction. Further, selective adsorption or binding is hereinafter referred to as “specific interaction” as appropriate.
The separation apparatus according to the present invention is an apparatus that separates a specific substance in a sample using the principle of affinity chromatography in a separation unit. In the separation apparatus according to the present invention, since the separation part is provided in the flow path formed on the base material, when a sample containing a specific substance is introduced into the flow path, the adsorbed formed in the separation part It can be selectively adsorbed or bound to a layer of material. For this reason, the specific substance can be separated by a simple operation.
In addition, by forming a fine channel narrower than the channel in the separation part, it is possible to increase the number of molecules of the specific substance that can approach and interact with the substance to be adsorbed on the surface of the separation part. Therefore, it is possible to separate specific substances efficiently.
Since the separation apparatus according to the present invention can perform affinity chromatography on a microchip, it can also be incorporated into a μTAS (Micrototal Analytical System). For example, when the sample separated by the separation unit is configured to communicate with the sample drying unit, the separated sample can be collected by drying and used for mass spectrometry or the like.
According to the present invention, a base material, a flow path through which a sample provided on the base material flows, a separation section provided in the flow path for separating a specific substance in the sample, and provided in the separation section A separating device, wherein a layer of an adsorbed substance that selectively adsorbs or binds to the specific substance is formed on the separation part.
In the separation device according to the present invention, since the protrusion is formed in the separation part, the number of molecules of the specific substance that can approach and interact with the substance to be adsorbed on the surface of the separation part can be increased. In addition, the width of the sample passage path in the separation unit can be adjusted by adjusting the shape and arrangement of the protrusions. Therefore, since the shape of the separation part can be optimized according to the molecular size of the specific substance, the separation efficiency can be improved as compared with the conventional method in which the carrier particles are filled in the flow path.
In the separation device of the present invention, an electrode may be provided in the separation part and the flow path, and a voltage applying unit that applies a voltage between the electrodes may be further provided.
In the separation apparatus of the present invention, the separation portion may be provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion may be provided with an electrode. By doing so, it becomes possible to guide the charged specific substance to the separation part more efficiently. Also, when desorbing a specific substance that is selectively adsorbed or bound to the substance to be adsorbed in the separation section, the desorption is facilitated by controlling the positive / negative of the potential applied to the electrode. The salt concentration, organic solvent concentration, etc. of the solution can be reduced. Therefore, even when the specific substance is a protein or the like, inactivation and denaturation can be suppressed.
In the separation device of the present invention, the combination of the specific substance and the adsorbed substance includes antigen and antibody, enzyme and substrate, enzyme and substrate derivative, enzyme and inhibitor, sugar and lectin, DNA and DNA, DNA and RNA, It can be any combination of protein and nucleic acid, metal and protein or ligand and receptor. By doing so, the specific substance can be separated from the biological sample. At this time, the separation apparatus according to the present invention has a configuration in which a flow path is formed on a base material, and is also a configuration suitable for separation of a very small amount of sample, so that separation can be performed reliably.
In the separation device of the present invention, the adsorbed substance may be provided on the surface of the base material via a spacer. By providing the spacer, a suitable space is formed between the substance to be adsorbed and the substrate, so that adsorption or binding of the specific substance can be efficiently formed. In addition, by making the spacer a hydrophilic molecule, the surface of the separation part is covered with a hydrophilic graft chain, thus suppressing non-specific adsorption of unnecessary components other than specific substances on the surface of the separation part. can do.
According to the present invention, the separation apparatus includes a flow path provided in the base material, a separation part provided in the flow path, and a fine flow path provided in the separation part and narrower than the flow path. A step of introducing a liquid containing the substance to be adsorbed into the flow path and adsorbing it to the separation part while applying a voltage having a sign different from that of the substance to be adsorbed selectively bonded or bonded to the substance to be separated to Introducing a sample containing the substance to be separated into the channel and selectively adsorbing or binding the substance to the substance to be adsorbed; and desorbing the substance to be separated from the substance to be adsorbed into the channel. A separation method is provided that includes introducing a separation liquid, desorbing and collecting the substance to be separated.
Further, according to the present invention, the separation unit includes a flow path provided in the base material, a separation part provided in the flow path, and a protrusion provided in the separation part. Introducing a liquid containing the substance to be adsorbed into the flow path and applying the liquid to the separation unit while applying a voltage having a sign different from that of the substance to be adsorbed or bonded selectively to the target substance; and the flow path Introducing a sample containing the substance to be separated into the substrate, selectively adsorbing or binding to the substance to be adsorbed, and introducing a desorption liquid for desorbing the substance to be separated from the substance to be adsorbed into the channel. And a step of desorbing and collecting the substance to be separated.
According to the separation method of the present invention, the substance to be adsorbed is coupled by performing adsorption of the substance to be adsorbed, introduction of the sample, and desorption and recovery of the specific substance in the sample while applying a voltage to the separation unit. The specific substance can be easily and reliably separated without being fixed to the base material using an agent or the like. For example, when the substance to be adsorbed is negatively charged, the substance to be adsorbed can be adsorbed to the separation unit by applying a positive potential to the separation unit.
According to the present invention, separation means for separating a biological sample according to molecular size or property, pretreatment means for performing pretreatment including enzymatic digestion on the sample separated by the separation means, and pretreatment A mass spectrometry system comprising: a drying unit that dries the sample; and a mass analysis unit that mass-analyzes the sample after drying, wherein the separation unit includes the separation device. Here, the biological sample may be extracted from a living body or synthesized.
Note that any combination of the above-described constituent elements, and those in which the constituent elements and expressions of the present invention are mutually replaced between methods and apparatuses are also effective as an aspect of the present invention.
As described above, according to the present invention, the flow path provided in the base material, the separation part provided in the flow path, and the fine flow path provided in the separation part and narrower than the flow path are provided. An apparatus for efficiently separating a specific substance in a sample using a specific interaction by forming a layer of an adsorbed substance that selectively adsorbs or binds to the specific substance in the sample in the separation unit or A method is realized. Further, according to the present invention, a small separation device that efficiently separates and collects a small amount of a specific substance is realized. In addition, according to the present invention, a separation apparatus or a separation method is realized in which a specific substance is adsorbed and then desorbed by a simple method and recovered while maintaining high activity. Moreover, according to the present invention, a mass spectrometry system applicable to a biological sample is realized.
FIG. 1 is a top view showing the configuration of the separation apparatus according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a separation region of the separation apparatus of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a separation unit of the separation device in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a view for explaining a surface configuration of the separation apparatus of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the columnar body surface of the separation apparatus of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the separation device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the configuration of the liquid reservoir of the separation device of FIG.
FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the configuration of the liquid reservoir in FIG. 7 in the BB ′ direction.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a separation unit of the separation device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a separation unit of the separation device in FIG. 1.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the mass spectrometer.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the separation device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a drying unit of the separation device of FIG.
FIG. 14 is a process cross-sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the separation device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 15 is a process cross-sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the separation device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 16 is a process cross-sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the separation device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 17 is a process cross-sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the separation device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating another example of the separation device.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating another example of the separation device.
FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the sample metering tube of the separation apparatus shown in FIG.
FIG. 21 is a detailed view of the separation apparatus shown in FIG.
FIG. 22 is a block diagram of a mass spectrometry system including the separation apparatus of the present embodiment.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings, the same reference numerals are given to the same components, and the description will be omitted as appropriate.
FIG. 1 is a top view of the separation apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. In the separation apparatus 100, a flow path 103 is provided on a substrate 101, and a separation region 113 including a separation portion 107 is formed in a part of the flow path 103. Further, both ends of the flow path 103 communicate with the sample introduction part 145 and the liquid reservoir 147, respectively.
Note that the upper surface of the flow path 103 may be covered with a covering member. By providing a covering member on the upper surface of the channel 103, drying of the sample liquid is suppressed. In addition, when the component in the sample is a substance having a higher order structure such as a protein, the component is irreversibly denatured at the gas-liquid interface by using a covering member having a hydrophilic surface and sealing the flow path 103. Is suppressed.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the separation region 113 in the separation device 100. 2A is a top view, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view in the AA ′ direction of FIG. 2A. In the separation unit 107, the columnar bodies 105 are regularly formed in the channel 103 at regular intervals, and the liquid flows through the gaps between the columnar bodies 105. Since an adsorbed substance layer is formed on the surface of the columnar body 105 as will be described later with reference to FIG. 4, a specific component in the sample liquid is selectively adsorbed or bonded to a non-adsorbed substance on the surface of the columnar body 105. Is possible.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of the substrate 101 in the separation unit 107. In FIG. 3, W indicates the width of the flow path 103, D indicates the depth of the flow path 103, φ is the diameter of the columnar body 105, d is the height of the columnar body 105, and p is the average between adjacent columnar bodies 105. Indicates the interval. Each of these dimensions can be in the range shown in FIG. 3, for example. Moreover, when the diameter of the molecule for separation is R, it is preferable that R and p, D, or d satisfy the following conditions. By doing so, the specific substance A ′ in the sample introduced into the separation unit 107 efficiently contacts the wall surface and is separated.
p: 0.5R ≦ p ≦ 50R
D: 5R ≦ D ≦ 50R
d: R ≦ d ≦ 50R
FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the configuration of the surface of the substrate 101. An adsorbed substance layer 109 is formed on the substrate 101. That is, the substance to be adsorbed is immobilized on the surface of the substrate 101.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a state where the adsorbed substance A is immobilized on the adsorbed substance layer 109, taking the surface of the columnar body 105 as an example. In FIG. 5A, a low molecular substance is immobilized as the adsorbed substance A on the surface of the columnar body 105. When the sample liquid containing the specific substance A ′ is introduced into such a columnar body 105, the specific substance A ′ in the sample liquid is selectively adsorbed or adsorbed on the adsorbed substance A as shown in FIG. Combine to form a complex. Therefore, in the separation apparatus 100, only the specific substance A ′ having a specific interaction with the adsorbed substance A can be selectively adsorbed on the adsorbed substance layer 109 and separated from the other components in the sample.
In the separation apparatus 100, silicon is used as the material of the substrate 101. Further, instead of silicon, for example, glass such as quartz, plastic material or the like may be used. Examples of the plastic material include thermoplastic resins such as silicon resin, PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), and PC (polycarbonate), and thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins. Since such a material can be easily molded, the manufacturing cost of the drying apparatus can be suppressed.
The columnar body 105 can be formed, for example, by etching the substrate 101 into a predetermined pattern shape, but the manufacturing method is not particularly limited. The columnar body 105 in FIG. 2 is a cylinder, but is not limited to a pseudo-cylinder such as a cylinder or a pseudo-cylinder, but a cone such as a cone or an elliptical cone; a polygonal column such as a triangular column or a quadrangular column; It is good also as a column;
The substance to be adsorbed A and the specific substance A ′ provided in the substance to be adsorbed layer 109 are selected from combinations that selectively adsorb or bind. As such a combination, for example,
(F) Protein and nucleic acid
(G) Metal and protein
Can be used. In each combination, any one is a specific substance and the other is an adsorbed substance.
In the case of (a), hormones such as steroids, physiologically active substances such as neurotransmitters, drugs, other blood factors, cell membrane receptors such as insulin receptors, proteins having affinity for the above receptors, glycoproteins, Glycolipids or low molecular weight substances can be used.
In the case of (b), the antigen may be a low molecular substance such as a so-called hapten or a high molecular substance such as a protein. Examples of antigens that can be used include HCV antigens, tumor markers such as CEA and PSA, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), abnormal prions, and proteins specific to Alzheimer's disease.
In the case of (c), for example, it can be a combination of neuraminisase, which is an influenza virus, and its inhibitor candidate, HIV virus reverse transcriptase and its inhibitor candidate, or HIV protease and its inhibitor candidate.
In the case of (d), for example, a combination of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and wheat germ lectin, concanavalin A (ConA), ConA receptor glycoprotein, and the like can be used.
In the case of (e), mutated DNA and complementary DNA to the mutated DNA can be used.
In the case of (f), for example, a combination of a DNA binding protein and DNA can be used.
In the case of (g), for example, a combination of nickel and a histidine tag (His-Tag) can be used.
In addition, when providing a coating | coated member in the upper part of the flow path 103, it can select from the material similar to the board | substrate 101 as the material, for example. The same material as the substrate 101 may be used, or a different material may be used.
Next, a method for separating the specific substance A ′ using the separation apparatus 100 will be described.
Returning to FIG. 1, a sample liquid containing the specific substance A ′ is injected into the sample introduction unit 145 and developed in the flow path 103 by a capillary effect or press-fitting using a pump. The flow rate of the sample liquid is, for example, 10 nl / min or more and 100 μl / min or less. Then, as described above with reference to FIG. 5, only the specific substance A ′ having a specific interaction with the adsorbed substance A is selectively adsorbed on the adsorbed substance layer 109 in the separation unit 107. The components that have not been adsorbed are guided to a liquid reservoir 147 together with a liquid that is a solvent or a dispersion medium.
Next, a buffer solution or the like for washing the channel 103 is flowed from the sample introduction unit 145 to remove components other than the specific substance A ′ staying in the channel 103. At this time, since the specific substance A ′ and the substance to be adsorbed A are adsorbed or bound by specific interaction, they do not dissociate.
After the flow path 103 is washed, the specific substance A ′ is desorbed from the adsorbed substance A. As the desorption method, for example, a method of introducing a NaCl solution of 0.1 mol / l or more and 1 mol / l or less into the channel 103 from the sample introduction unit 145 can be used. Further, when the substance to be adsorbed A and the specific substance A ′ are an antigen and an antibody, they have a specific interaction with the substance to be adsorbed A, and the binding constant for the substance to be adsorbed A is higher than that of the specific substance A ′ Larger substance can be introduced into the channel 103 as a competitive inhibitor to desorb the specific substance A ′. The desorbed specific substance A ′ is guided to the liquid reservoir 147 and collected.
As described above, since the separation unit 107 is formed in the flow path 103, the separation apparatus 100 separates and collects the specific substance A ′ by introducing it into the flow path 103 even when the amount of the sample is very small. Is possible. Compared with affinity chromatography using a column, the operation is simple. Moreover, since the separation apparatus 100 is a disposable chip, the cleaning operation of the separation apparatus 100 is unnecessary, and separation can be performed reliably.
Next, a method for manufacturing the separation device 100 will be described.
The formation of the channel groove 103 and the columnar body 105 on the substrate 101 can be performed by etching the substrate 101 into a predetermined pattern shape, but the manufacturing method is not particularly limited.
FIG. 15, FIG. 16, and FIG. 17 are process sectional views showing an example thereof. In each drawing, the center is a top view and the left and right views are cross-sectional views. In this method, the columnar body 105 is formed using an electron beam lithography technique using a calixarene of a fine processing resist. An example of the molecular structure of calixarene is shown below. The calixarene is used as a resist for electron beam exposure and can be suitably used as a resist for nano-processing.
Here, a silicon substrate having a plane orientation of (100) is used as the substrate 101. First, as shown in FIG. 15A, a silicon oxide film 185 and a calixarene electron beam negative resist 183 are formed on a substrate 101 in this order. The film thicknesses of the silicon oxide film 185 and the calixarene electron beam negative resist 183 are 40 nm and 55 nm, respectively. Next, an area to be the columnar body 105 is exposed using an electron beam (EB). Development is performed using xylene and rinsing with isopropyl alcohol. By this step, as shown in FIG. 15B, the calixarene electron beam negative resist 183 is patterned.
Subsequently, a positive photoresist 155 is applied on the entire surface (FIG. 15C). The film thickness is 1.8 μm. Thereafter, mask exposure is performed so that the region to be the flow path 103 is exposed, and development is performed (FIG. 16A).
Next, the silicon oxide film 185 is CF 4 , CHF 3 RIE etching is performed using a mixed gas of The film thickness after etching is set to 35 nm (FIG. 16B). The resist is removed by organic cleaning using a mixed solution of acetone, alcohol, and water, and then an oxidation plasma treatment is performed (FIG. 16C). Subsequently, the substrate 101 is subjected to ECR etching using HBr gas. The thickness of the etched silicon substrate is set to 400 nm (FIG. 17A). Subsequently, wet etching is performed with BHF buffered hydrofluoric acid to remove the silicon oxide film (FIG. 17B). Thus, the flow path 103 and the columnar body 105 are formed on the substrate 101.
Here, it is preferable to make the surface of the substrate 101 hydrophilic after the step of FIG. By making the surface of the substrate 101 hydrophilic, the sample liquid is smoothly introduced into the flow path 103 and the columnar body 105. In particular, the separation unit 107 in which the flow path is miniaturized by the columnar body 105 is preferable because the introduction of the sample liquid by capillary action is promoted and the separation efficiency is improved by making the surface of the flow path hydrophilic.
Therefore, after the step of FIG. 17B, the substrate 101 is put into a furnace to form a silicon thermal oxide film 187 (FIG. 17C). At this time, the heat treatment conditions are selected so that the thickness of the oxide film is 30 nm. By forming the silicon thermal oxide film 187, the difficulty in introducing the liquid into the separation apparatus can be eliminated. Thereafter, electrostatic bonding is performed with the coating 189 and sealing is performed to complete the separation device (FIG. 17D).
When a plastic material is used for the substrate 101, it may be performed by a known method suitable for the type of material of the substrate 101, such as press molding using a mold such as etching or emboss molding, injection molding, or photocuring. it can.
Even when a plastic material is used for the substrate 101, it is preferable to make the surface of the substrate 101 hydrophilic. By making the surface of the substrate 101 hydrophilic, the sample liquid is smoothly introduced into the flow path 103 and the columnar body 105. In particular, the separation unit 107 in which the flow path 103 is miniaturized by the columnar body 105 is preferable because the introduction of the sample liquid by capillary action is promoted and the drying efficiency is improved by making the surface of the flow path 103 hydrophilic.
As a surface treatment for imparting hydrophilicity, for example, a coupling agent having a hydrophilic group can be applied to the side wall of the flow path 103. Examples of the coupling agent having a hydrophilic group include a silane coupling agent having an amino group, and specifically N-β (aminoethyl) γ-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-β (aminoethyl) γ. -Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-β (aminoethyl) γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-phenyl-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, etc. Is exemplified. These coupling agents can be applied by a spin coating method, a spray method, a dip method, a gas phase method, or the like.
Further, in order to prevent the sample molecules from sticking to the channel wall, an adhesion preventing process can be performed on the channel 103. As the adhesion prevention treatment, for example, a substance having a structure similar to the phospholipid constituting the cell wall can be applied to the side wall of the channel 103. By such treatment, when the sample is a biological component such as a protein, denaturation of the component can be prevented, and nonspecific adsorption of a specific component in the channel 103 can be suppressed, thereby improving the recovery rate. be able to. For example, Lipidure (registered trademark, manufactured by NOF Corporation) can be used as the hydrophilic treatment and the adhesion prevention treatment. In this case, Lipidure (registered trademark) is dissolved in a buffer solution such as TBE buffer so as to be 0.5 wt%, the inside of the flow path 103 is filled with this solution, and the inner wall of the flow path 103 is treated by leaving it for several minutes. can do. Thereafter, the solution is blown off with an air gun or the like to dry the channel 103. As another example of the adhesion preventing process, for example, a fluororesin can be applied to the side wall of the flow path 103.
Next, as a method for immobilizing the substance to be adsorbed on the surface of the substrate 101 in the separation unit 107, for example, a physical adsorption method, a covalent bond method, or the like can be used.
When the physical adsorption method is used, for example, a monomolecular film of a substance to be adsorbed can be produced and adsorbed on the surface of the substrate 101 in the separation unit 107.
When the covalent bond method is used, surface modification is performed on the surface of the substrate 101 to introduce a reactive functional group or active group, the solution containing the substance to be adsorbed is brought into contact with the substrate 101, and the surface of the substrate 101 is adsorbed. Substances can be bound. A method for modifying the surface of the substrate 101 can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, plasma treatment, treatment with an ion beam, electron beam treatment, or the like can be used. At this time, spacer molecules can be immobilized on the surface of the substrate 101, and the spacer molecules and the adsorbed substance can be bonded. The method for immobilizing the spacer molecule will be described later.
Further, when a substrate 101 made of quartz glass or the like is used, a coupling agent such as a silane coupling agent can be used in order to chemically bond the adsorbed substance A to the surface. When using a coupling agent, after applying a coupling agent to the surface of the columnar body 105, the organic functional group which a coupling agent has, and the to-be-adsorbed substance A are combined. At this time, for example, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, an aldehyde group, a hydroxyl group, or the like of the adsorbed substance A can be used. For example, when the carboxyl group of the ligand is used, the ligand substrate 101 can be immobilized as follows. Substrate 101 is -NH 2 It is immersed in an aqueous solution of a silane coupling agent having a group. The concentration of the silane coupling agent is, for example, not less than 0.1% and not more than 2.0%. A ligand is immobilized on a substrate 101 surface-treated with a silane coupling agent by a method using a condensation reagent such as a carbodiimide method. In addition, you may use together activators, such as N-hydroxysuccinimide, in the case of fixation | immobilization. Silane coupling agent -NH 2 Group and the carboxyl group of the ligand are bonded. In this way, the separation unit 107 is obtained in which the layer on which the ligand is immobilized is the adsorbed substance layer 109.
As another immobilization method, there is a method in which the adsorbed substance A is biotinylated in advance. If biotinylated, avidin or streptavidin can be immobilized on the substrate 101, and a specific substance can be selectively adsorbed by the interaction between biotin and avidin. At this time, since the binding constant between avidin and biotin is remarkably larger than the binding constant between normal antigen antibodies, the biotinylated adsorbed substance A is desorbed from avidin or the like immobilized on the substrate 101. The specific substance A ′ can be desorbed from the substance to be adsorbed A and recovered under no conditions.
The fixed density of the substance to be adsorbed on the substrate 101 is preferably sufficiently dense so that the specific substance can be bonded to the substance to be adsorbed. By doing so, it is possible to suppress other substances contained in the sample from adsorbing or binding nonspecifically to the surface of the substrate 101. In particular, for example, when the adsorbed substance A is a low molecular substance and the specific substance A ′ is a high molecular weight substance, the specific substance A ′ cannot be adsorbed or bonded to the adsorbed substance A due to steric hindrance. It is preferable to have a fixed density that does not occur.
Further, as a method for forming the adsorbed substance layer 109, a template polymer layer to which a specific substance can be bonded can be provided on the surface of the substrate 101 by using a molecular imprinting method instead of the method of immobilizing the adsorbed substance. The molecular imprinting method is a method of synthesizing a polymer material that recognizes a target molecule in a tailor-made manner in one step, and is specifically performed as follows. First, using a target molecule as a template, a functional monomer is bonded by a covalent bond or a non-covalent bond to form a template molecule-functional polymer complex. Here, a bifunctional or higher functional monomer having a functional group capable of binding to the template molecule and a polymerizable group such as a vinyl group can be used as the functional monomer. Next, a crosslinking agent and a polymerization initiator are added to the solution containing the template molecule-functional monomer complex, and a polymerization reaction is performed on the wall surface of the separation unit 107. Then, the template molecule is decomposed and removed from the polymerized polymer by, for example, enzymatic decomposition. Then, a specific binding site with the template molecule is formed in the obtained polymer.
As described above, when the adsorbed substance A is chemically bonded, a spacer 119 can be appropriately provided between the substrate 101 and the adsorbed substance A as shown in FIG. The spacer 119 separates the adsorbed material A from the substrate 101 so that the selective adsorption or binding between the specific material A ′ and the adsorbed material A proceeds without steric hindrance. Refers to a compound inserted between By doing so, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the adsorption or binding of the substance A to be adsorbed and the specific substance A ′ is facilitated. In addition, by using a hydrophilic molecule for the spacer 119, non-selective adsorption of a non-target component to the surface of the substrate 101 can be suppressed. The chain length of the spacer 119 is preferably relatively short. Moreover, what has an active group is preferable. This is because the immobilization operation of the substance to be adsorbed A becomes simpler. The active group is not particularly limited as long as it is a functional group having reactivity with the adsorbed substance A. If the spacer 119 does not have an active group, the functional group of the spacer 119 and the adsorbed substance A are bonded using a condensation reagent or the like. For example, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, an aldehyde group, a hydroxyl group, or the like of the adsorbed substance A can be used.
As the spacer 119, a molecule used in affinity chromatography, SPR method, or the like can be selected as appropriate. For example, hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDG), or polyethylene glycol having a short chain length ( PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO), dextran, or a derivative thereof can be used.
Further, instead of the structure in which the adsorbed substance A is immobilized on the surface of the substrate 101, a structure in which a template polymer layer to which the specific substance A ′ can be bonded can be provided by a molecular imprinting method.
This embodiment is a configuration in which the separation unit 107 is a plurality of subdivided channels separated by a partition wall in the separation device described in the first embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the separation region 113 of the separation device 100 according to the present embodiment. 9A is a top view, and FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view in the CC ′ direction of FIG. 9A. In the separation unit 153, the partition walls 151 are regularly formed in the channel 103 at regular intervals, and the liquid flows through the gaps between the partition walls 151. That is, a narrower channel than the channel 103 is formed, and these fine channels become the separation channel 149. Since the adsorbed substance layer 109 is formed on the surface of the separation channel 149 as in the first embodiment, the specific substance A ′ in the sample liquid is not adsorbed in the separation channel 149. It is possible to selectively adsorb or bind to substance A.
The separation region 113 in FIG. 9 can be manufactured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
This embodiment is an aspect in which, in the separation apparatus 100 described in the first embodiment, electrodes are provided inside the columnar body 105 provided in the separation unit 107, and a potential is applied to these electrodes. An example of a method for forming an electrode inside the separation portion 107 is as follows. FIG. 14 is a process cross-sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the separation device according to the present embodiment. First, a mold 173 including an electrode mounting portion is prepared (FIG. 14A). And the electrode 175 is installed in the metal mold | die 173 (FIG.14 (b)). The material used for the electrode 175 is, for example, Au, Pt, Ag, Al, Cu, or the like. Next, a coating mold 179 is set on the mold 173 to fix the electrode 175, and a resin 177 to be the substrate 101 is injected into the mold 173 and molded (FIG. 14C). For example, PMMA is used as the resin 177.
Then, when the molded resin 177 is removed from the mold 173 and the coating mold 179, the substrate 101 on which the flow path 103 is formed is obtained (FIG. 14D). Impurities on the surface of the electrode 175 on the back surface of the substrate 101 are removed by ashing to expose the electrode 175 material metal. If necessary, a metal film is formed on the bottom surface of the substrate 101 by vapor deposition or the like, and this is used as a wiring 181 (FIG. 14E). As described above, the separation portion 107 having the electrode 175 as the columnar body 105 is formed in the flow path 103. The electrode or wiring 181 formed in this way is connected to an external power supply (not shown) so that a voltage can be applied. Note that an insulating film may be formed over the entire surface of the channel 103 after the above step. At this time, the thickness of the insulating film is, for example, not less than 10 nm and not more than 500 nm.
In the separation apparatus 100 (FIG. 1), if the electrode is formed by the same method or the method described in the fourth embodiment for the sample introduction part 145 and the liquid reservoir 147, the electrode is formed on the lower surface of the substrate 101 or the like. Are connected to an external power source (not shown), between the sample introduction unit 145 and the separation unit 107, between the separation unit 107 and the liquid reservoir 147, and between the sample introduction unit 145 and the liquid reservoir 147, It is possible to apply a voltage to each.
With such a configuration, the target component in the sample can be more reliably and efficiently separated. For example, when the specific substance A ′ is a protein and separation is performed from a sample dissolved in a buffer solution having a pH lower than the isoelectric point of the protein, the sample introduction unit 145 is used as a positive electrode and the separation unit 107 is used as a negative electrode. Then, the positively charged protein is efficiently guided to the separation unit 107 and selectively adsorbed on the adsorbed substance layer 109. After removing the other components in the flow path 103, this time, if the separator 107 is used as a positive electrode and the liquid reservoir 147 is used as a negative electrode, desorption of the protein held in the adsorbed substance layer 109 and the liquid reservoir 147 are performed. Induction is promoted. Note that when the protein held in the adsorbed substance layer 109 is desorbed, the mobility of the protein molecule is increased and the desorption is further promoted by applying an alternating electric field.
For this reason, it is possible to reduce the salt concentration and organic solvent concentration of the eluent flowing through the flow path 103 in order to desorb the specific substance A ′ and the adsorbed substance A. Therefore, even when the specific substance A ′ is a substance having a higher-order structure such as a protein, irreversible modification of the three-dimensional structure, inactivation, and the like can be suppressed.
Furthermore, by applying a potential using the columnar body 105 as an electrode, there is a case where an operation for immobilizing the substance A to be adsorbed on the substrate 101 becomes unnecessary. For example, when the adsorbed substance A is a protein and the receptor for the substance is a specific substance A ′ and the ligand is not charged or charged positively under pH conditions where the protein is negatively charged, In this way, the specific substance A ′ can be separated.
First, an adsorbed substance A, that is, a protein solution is introduced into the flow path 103. At this time, since the protein is negatively charged, an electrostatic field is applied using the columnar body 105 as a positive electrode. Then, the protein is adsorbed on the surface of the columnar body 105 by electrostatic interaction. While applying an electrostatic field to the columnar body 105, excess protein in the channel 103 is washed away with a buffer, and then a sample containing a ligand is introduced into the channel 103. Then, since the ligand is adsorbed on the protein surface, it is separated from other components. Then, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the ligand is desorbed from the protein and recovered by washing the flow path 103 and then flowing a salt solution or the like. At this time, since the ligand is desorbed while an electric field is applied, the protein is maintained adsorbed on the surface of the columnar body 105.
As described above, by forming an electrode on the columnar body 105, a process for fixing the adsorbed substance A using a coupling agent or the like is not necessary, and therefore, separation can be performed more easily. Even when the protein is positively charged and the ligand is not charged or negatively charged, the ligand can be similarly separated by applying a negative potential to the columnar body 105. Can do.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the separation device 171 according to the present embodiment. In the separation device 171, a separation channel 131 is formed on the substrate 121, and an input channel 129 and a recovery channel 135 are formed so as to intersect with the separation channel 131. Reservoirs 125a, 125b, 123a, 123b, 127a, and 127b are formed at both ends of the input channel 129, the separation channel 131, and the recovery channel 135, respectively. Each liquid reservoir is provided with an electrode, and a voltage can be applied to, for example, both ends of the separation channel 131 using the electrode. Further, the separation channel 107 is provided with a separation unit 107. The configuration of the separation unit 107 may be the configuration described in any of the first to third embodiments.
Here, the structure of the liquid reservoir provided with the electrodes will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the liquid reservoir 123a in FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′ in FIG. On the substrate 121 provided with the separation channel 131 and the liquid reservoir 123a, a coating 137 provided with an opening 139 for allowing a buffer solution or the like to be injected is disposed. Further, a conductive path 141 is provided on the cover 137 so as to be connected to an external power source. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the electrode plate 143 is disposed along the wall surface of the liquid reservoir 123 a and the conductive path 141. The electrode plate 143 and the conductive path 141 are pressure-bonded and electrically connected. Other liquid reservoirs have the same structure as described above. A voltage can be applied to the electrode plates 143 formed in the respective liquid reservoirs when the lower surface of the substrate 101 is made conductive and connected to an external power source (not shown).
Returning to FIG. 6, a method for separating a sample using this apparatus will be described. First, a sample containing the specific substance A ′ is injected into the liquid reservoir 125a or the liquid reservoir 125b. When injected into the liquid reservoir 125a, a voltage is applied so that the sample flows in the direction of the liquid reservoir 125b. When injected into the liquid reservoir 125b, a voltage is applied so that the sample flows in the direction of the liquid reservoir 125a. As a result, the sample flows into the input channel 129, and as a result, the entire input channel 129 is filled. At this time, on the separation channel 131, the sample exists only at the intersection with the input channel 129, and forms a narrow band about the width of the input channel 129.
Next, voltage application between the liquid reservoir 125a and the liquid reservoir 125b is stopped, and a voltage is applied between the liquid reservoir 123a and the liquid reservoir 123b so that the sample flows in the direction of the liquid reservoir 123b. As a result, the sample passes through the separation channel 131. In the separation section 107 provided in the separation channel 131, only the specific substance A ′ specifically interacts with the adsorbed substance A, and other components are discharged to the liquid reservoir 123b. After the separation channel 131 is washed in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments, voltage application between the liquid reservoir 123a and the liquid reservoir 123b is stopped, and a voltage is applied between the liquid reservoir 127a and the liquid reservoir 127b instead. Apply. Then, the band present in the separation channel 131 and the intersection of the recovery channel 135 flows into the recovery channel 135. When the voltage application between the liquid reservoir 127a and the liquid reservoir 127b is stopped after a certain time, the specific substance A ′ contained in the separated band is recovered in the liquid reservoir 127a or the liquid reservoir 127b.
The specific substance A ′ is separated by the above procedure. Since the separation device 171 includes the input channel 129 and the recovery channel 135 in addition to the separation channel 131, unnecessary components and the specific substance A ′ can be guided to different liquid reservoirs. For this reason, mixing of unnecessary components remaining in the liquid reservoir into the specific substance A ′ is suppressed, and the separation efficiency is further improved.
Further, by introducing a reaction reagent into the liquid reservoir 125a or the liquid reservoir 125b, various reactions such as an enzyme reaction and a color development reaction for detection are performed on the specific substance A ′ induced in the recovery channel 135. It becomes possible.
The present embodiment relates to a separation apparatus that can be used as a substrate for mass spectrometry when separating, concentrating, and drying a target component, and when the dried sample is subjected to mass spectrometry measurement. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the separation device 165 according to the present embodiment. The separation device 165 is based on the separation device 100 described in the third embodiment. The substrate 101 in the separation device 100 corresponds to the substrate 133 in the separation device 165, and the flow path 103 corresponds to the first flow path 157. The first flow path 157 is wider than the first flow path 157. A narrow second channel 159 is in communication. A drying unit 161 is provided at the end of the second channel 159. A coating 163 is provided on the upper surfaces of the first channel 157 and the second channel 159, and the upper surfaces of the sample introduction unit 145, the liquid reservoir 147, and the drying unit 161 are openings. Further, similarly to the third embodiment, a metal film (not shown) is provided on the surfaces of the sample introduction part 145, the liquid reservoir 147, the first flow path 157, and the drying part 161, and these are interposed therebetween. A voltage can be applied.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the drying unit 161 in the separation device 165. 13A is a top view, and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view in the DD ′ direction of FIG. 13A. As shown in FIG. 13, the drying unit 161 includes a plurality of columnar bodies 167. In addition, a heater 169 for promoting drying is provided on the bottom surface of the drying unit 161.
The method of using the separation device 165 is as follows. That is, first, a sample liquid containing the specific substance A ′ is injected from the sample introduction unit 145 and developed in the first flow path 157 by a capillary effect or press-fitting using a pump. Then, only the specific substance A ′ having a specific interaction with the adsorbed substance A is selectively adsorbed on the adsorbed substance layer 109 in the separation unit 107. At this time, it is preferable to energize the sample introduction unit 145 as the positive electrode and the separation unit 107 as the negative electrode because the induction of the specific substance A ′ to the separation unit 107 is promoted. The components that have not been adsorbed on the substance to be adsorbed A are guided to the liquid reservoir 147 together with the liquid that is the solvent or the dispersion medium, and discharged.
Next, the sample introduction unit 145 is washed by flowing a buffer solution or the like for washing the channel 103, and components other than the specific substance A ′ staying in the first channel 157 are removed. At this time, since the specific substance A ′ and the substance to be adsorbed A are adsorbed or bound by specific interaction, they do not dissociate.
Thereafter, the specific substance A ′ is desorbed from the adsorbed substance A in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments. At this time, when the separation unit 107 is energized with the drying unit 161 as the negative electrode and the drying unit 161 is heated to, for example, 30 ° C. or more and 70 ° C. or less by the heater 169, the liquid containing the dissociated specific substance A ′ is second It is guided to the drying unit 161 via the flow path 159 and is quickly dried in the drying unit 161. The drying unit 161 is provided with a plurality of columnar bodies 167, and the liquid in the second channel 159 is efficiently introduced by capillary action, and drying proceeds promptly. At this time, since the second channel 159 is narrower than the first channel 157, the liquid is efficiently introduced from the first channel 157 into the second channel 159.
As described above, the specific substance A ′ separated by the separation unit 107 is dried by the drying unit 161 and collected.
Further, when the specific substance A ′ is dried by the drying unit 161, it is mixed with a matrix of a MALDI-TOFMS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Deposition Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer). Thus, a sample for MALDI-TOFMS is obtained. Here, the mass spectrometer used in the present embodiment will be briefly described. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the mass spectrometer. In FIG. 11, a dry sample is installed on a sample stage. The dried sample is irradiated with a nitrogen gas laser having a wavelength of 337 nm under vacuum. The dry sample then evaporates with the matrix. The sample stage is an electrode, and when a voltage is applied, the vaporized sample flies in a vacuum and is detected by a detection unit including a reflector detector, a reflector, and a linear detector.
Therefore, after the liquid in the separation device 165 is completely dried, the separation device 165 can be installed in a vacuum tank of a MALDI-TOFMS device, and MALDI-TOFMS can be performed using this as a sample stage. Here, since a metal film is formed on the surface of the drying unit 161 and can be connected to an external power source, a potential can be applied as a sample stage.
In this manner, by using the separation device 165, only the specific substance A ′ can be separated from the sample containing a plurality of components, and further dried and recovered. Then, the dried specific substance A ′ can be supplied to the MALDI-TOFMS together with the separation device 165. Therefore, extraction of target components, drying, and structural analysis can be performed on a single separation device 165, which is useful for proteome analysis and the like.
The matrix for MALDI-TOFMS is appropriately selected depending on the substance to be measured. For example, sinapinic acid, α-CHCA (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid), 2,5-DHB (2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid), a mixture of 2,5-DHB and DHBs (5-methoxysalicylic acid), HABA (2- (4-hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic acid), 3-HPA (3-hydroxypicolinic acid), dithranol THAP (2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone), IAA (trans-3-indoleacrylic acid), picolinic acid, nicotinic acid and the like can be used.
This embodiment relates to a method for purifying GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) into which His-Tag is introduced using an anti-His-Tag (histidine tag) antibody using the separation apparatus 100 described in the first embodiment.
In the separation device 100, the anti-His-Tag antibody is immobilized on the surface of the separation unit 107 to form the adsorbed substance layer 109. For immobilization, for example, the same method as in the first embodiment or a known method for immobilizing an antibody for affinity chromatography is used.
Specifically, for example, the separation unit 107 is replaced with -NH. 2 Surface treatment is performed using a silane coupling agent having a group. Next, a spacer is coupled to the separation unit 107. For example, EGDE (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) is used as the spacer. For binding of the spacer, for example, a large excess of EGDE is added to a NaOH solution of pH 11 and stirred at 30 ° C., for example. This solution is dropped into the separation unit 107 and reacted, for example, for 24 hours. Thereafter, the anti-His-Tag antibody is immobilized using the epoxy group at the end of the spacer. At this time, an alkaline solution of the anti-His-Tag antibody is dropped onto the separation unit 107 provided with a spacer and allowed to stand. When the separation unit is washed, the separation device 100 in which the anti-His-Tag antibody is immobilized on the separation unit 107 is obtained.
An extract containing His-Tag added GFP expressed in Escherichia coli is introduced into the sample introduction part 145 of the obtained separation apparatus 100. Then, only GFP to which His-Tag is added selectively interacts with the anti-His-Tag antibody and is adsorbed on the adsorbed substance layer 109. When the separation unit 107 is observed after washing the flow path 103, the region where GFP is adsorbed emits green fluorescence, and can be easily confirmed visually.
The His-Tag-added GFP thus separated can be recovered from the liquid reservoir 147 by desorbing the His-Tag-added GFP from the adsorbed material layer 109 in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
In the present embodiment, an anti-His-Tag antibody is used. However, nitrilotriacetic acid or the like may be immobilized on the separation unit 107 in the same manner as a His-Tag binding nickel column. Moreover, the purification method of this embodiment is applicable also to the structure of the separation apparatus as described in 2nd-5th embodiment.
This embodiment relates to a method for separating a substance having a specific interaction with a metal using the separation apparatus 100 described in the first embodiment.
Such a separation apparatus is manufactured as follows. That is, following the step of FIG. 17C, a resist film is provided on the entire surface of the substrate 101 to form a resist pattern that exposes only the region to be the separation portion 107. Using this resist pattern as a mask, a metal film is formed on the entire surface of the substrate. The material of the metal film is a substance that can be stabilized in water, such as Pt and Au. The metal film is formed by vapor deposition, for example. Then, if the resist is removed using a stripping solution that dissolves the resist mask without dissolving the silicon thermal oxide film 187, a metal film is formed on the surface of the separation portion 107.
By introducing a sample containing a metal binding substance into the obtained separation apparatus 100, the metal binding substance can be efficiently separated.
If it is desired to separate a substance that interacts specifically with an unstable metal such as Fe, Cu, Ag, Al, Ni, U, Ge, etc. in an aqueous solution, a chelating agent that chelates these ions, A mode in which chelating proteins and crown ethers are used and immobilized on the surface of the separation unit 107 in a state chelated to them can be employed. The immobilization at this time can be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Moreover, the separation method of this embodiment is applicable also to the structure of the separation apparatus as described in 2nd-5th embodiment.
The present embodiment relates to a method for separating a specific sugar chain in a sample using lectin as the adsorbed substance A in the separation apparatus 100 described in the first embodiment. For example, ConA (Concanavalin A) is used as the lectin. A lectin is a lectin specific to mannose and glucose as a monosaccharide, and has an affinity for glycoproteins having a high mannose sugar chain and polysaccharides.
In the separation apparatus 100, ConA is immobilized on the surface of the separation unit 107 to form the adsorbed substance layer 109. For immobilization, for example, the same method as in the first embodiment or a known production method relating to an immobilized lectin for affinity chromatography is used.
Specifically, for example, the separation unit 107 is replaced with -NH. 2 Surface treatment is performed using a silane coupling agent having a group. Next, a spacer is coupled to the separation unit 107. For example, EGDE (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) is used as the spacer. For binding of the spacer, for example, a large excess of EGDE is added to a NaOH solution of pH 11 and stirred at 30 ° C., for example. This solution is dropped into the separation unit 107 and reacted, for example, for 24 hours. Thereafter, the lectin is immobilized using the epoxy group at the end of the spacer. At this time, for example, —SH group, —OH group, —NH 2 The alkaline solution of lectin containing is dropped onto the separation unit 107 provided with a spacer.
By using the obtained separation apparatus 100, the presence or absence of glycoprotein or polysaccharide having a high mannose-type sugar chain can be easily separated and recovered with high accuracy and high sensitivity. Since the separation unit 107 of the separation apparatus 100 is provided with a spacer between the lectin and the surface of the substrate 101, the specific interaction between the lectin and the sugar chain is facilitated. Therefore, separation can be performed more efficiently. In addition, the separation method of this embodiment is applicable also to the structure of the separation apparatus as described in 2nd-5th embodiment.
The present invention has been described based on the embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are exemplifications, and that various modifications can be made to the combination of each component and each manufacturing process, and such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention.
For example, the separation device according to the present embodiment can be configured as follows. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a separation apparatus that moves a sample using capillary action. By utilizing the capillary phenomenon, it is not necessary to apply an external force such as electric power or pressure, and energy for driving becomes unnecessary. In FIG. 18, the separation channel (not shown) described in the first embodiment is formed in the separation channel 540 provided on the substrate 550. An air hole 560 is provided at one end of the separation channel 540, and a buffer inlet 510 for injecting a buffer at the time of separation is provided at the other end. The separation channel 540 is sealed at a portion other than the buffer inlet 510 and the air hole 560. A sample metering tube 530 is connected to the starting portion of the separation channel 540, and a sample injection port 520 is provided at the other end of the sample metering tube 530.
FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the sample metering tube 530. A hydrophilic absorption region is provided in the sample metering tube 530, the sample holding unit 503, and the buffer introduction unit 504. An absorption region 506 is also provided near the inlet to the separation channel 540. A temporary stop slit 502 is provided between the sample metering tube 530 and the sample holder 503. The temporary stop slit 502 can be a hydrophobic region. Each absorption region is separated by temporary stop slits 505 and 507. The void volume of the sample holder 503 is substantially equal to the sum of the void volume of the sample metering tube 530 and the volume of the temporary stop slit 502. The width of the temporary stop slit 505 is narrower than the width of the temporary stop slit 502. Here, the sample metering tube 530 has a hydrophilic function, and is configured so as to function as a sample introduction unit.
Next, the procedure of the separation operation using the apparatus of FIG. 18 will be described. First, the sample is gradually injected into the sample inlet 520 to fill the sample metering tube 530. At this time, make sure that the water surface does not rise. After the sample metering tube 530 is filled with the sample, the sample gradually oozes into the temporary stop slit 502. When the sample that has leaked into the pause slit 502 reaches the surface of the sample holder 503, the samples inside the pause slit 502 and the sample metering tube 530 are all sucked into the sample holder 503 having a larger capillary effect. . Here, each absorption region is formed so as to have a different degree of hydrophilicity depending on the selection of the hydrophilic material, and the sample holding portion 503 has a larger capillary effect than the sample metering tube 530. While the sample holding unit 503 is filled with the sample, the temporary stop slits 505 and 507 exist, so that the sample does not flow into the buffer introducing unit 504.
After the sample is introduced into the sample holder 503, a separation buffer is injected into the buffer injection port 510. The injected buffer is temporarily filled in the buffer introduction part 504, and the interface with the sample holding part 503 becomes linear. When the buffer is further filled, the liquid oozes into the temporary stop slit 505 and flows into the sample holding unit 503, and further proceeds to the separation channel over the temporary stop slit 507 while dragging the sample. At this time, since the width of the temporary stop slit 502 is larger than the width of the temporary stop slits 505 and 507, even if the buffer flows backward to the temporary stop slit 502, the sample has already advanced ahead of the sample holder 503. Therefore, there is almost no back flow of the sample.
The separation buffer is a capillary phenomenon, and further proceeds through the separation channel toward the air hole 560. In this process, the sample is separated. When the separation buffer reaches the air hole 560, the inflow of the buffer stops. The sample separation state is measured when the inflow of the buffer is stopped or when the buffer is in progress.
The above embodiment is an example of a separation device using capillary action, but another example of sample injection using this principle will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 and 21. FIG. In this apparatus, a sample input tube 570 is provided instead of the sample metering tube 530 in FIG. Sample inlets 520 and outlets 580 are provided at both ends of the sample inlet tube 570.
A separation procedure using this apparatus will be described. First, the sample is put into the sample inlet 520 and filled up to the outlet 580. During this time, the sample is absorbed by the sample holder 503 through the insertion hole 509.
Thereafter, air is injected into the sample inlet 520 and the sample is discharged from the outlet 580, whereby the sample inside the sample inlet tube 570 is wiped and dried. In the case of separation by capillary action, a separation buffer is injected as described above. In the case of separation by electrophoresis, the electrophoresis buffer is introduced from the liquid reservoir corresponding to the buffer inlet 510 and the liquid reservoir corresponding to the air hole 560 before the introduction of the sample. Since there are widely-made pause slits 505 and 507, they do not flow into the sample holder.
When the sample holding unit 503 has finished holding the sample, a small amount of electrophoresis buffer is added to the liquid reservoir at one end of the separation channel, or the sample holding unit 503 is lightly vibrated to move the sample. Keep the buffer continuous and separate by applying voltage.
FIG. 22 is a block diagram of a mass spectrometry system including the separation apparatus of this embodiment. In this system, as shown in FIG. 22 (a), a sample 1001 is purified 1002 to remove impurities to some extent, a separation 1003 to remove unnecessary components 1004, a pretreatment 1005 of the separated sample, and a sample after the pretreatment. Means for executing each step of drying 1006 and identification 1007 by mass spectrometry is provided.
Here, the separation by the separation apparatus described in the above embodiment corresponds to the step of separation 1003 and is performed on the microchip 1008. In the step of purification 1002, for example, a separation device or the like for removing only giant components such as blood cells is used. In the pretreatment 1005, molecular weight reduction using the above trypsin or the like, mixing with a matrix, or the like is performed. In drying 1006, the pretreated sample is dried to obtain a dry sample for mass spectrometry.
Further, since the separation apparatus according to this embodiment has a flow path, the steps from purification 1002 to drying 1006 can be performed on one microchip 1008 as shown in FIG. . By continuously processing the sample on the microchip 1008, it is possible to efficiently and reliably identify a very small amount of component by a method with little loss.
In this way, it is possible to perform on the microchip 1008 appropriately selected steps or all steps in the sample processing shown in FIG.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples of a combination of DNA and RNA, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The reaction apparatus 100 (FIG. 1) in which the columnar body 105 is formed on the surface of the flow path 103 is manufactured by the method described in the first embodiment. The substrate 101 is composed of a silicon substrate having a (100) plane as a main surface. A columnar body 105 (FIG. 2) is provided in the separation portion 107. The columnar body 105 is formed by the method described with reference to FIGS. Here, the interval p between the columnar bodies 105 is set to about 200 nm.
Next, antisense oligonucleotide A against a part of the tpa-1 gene of C. elegans (C. elegans) is immobilized on the surface of the silicon pillar which is the columnar body 105 on the surface of the silicon pillar using a coupling agent. To do.
Here, the antisense oligonucleotide A is modified at the 5 ′ end with an SH group.
Specifically, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane which is a kind of aminosilane is used as a compound that binds to the thiol group of the antisense oligonucleotide A on the surface of the separation unit 107 in FIG. (EDA) is fixed.
At this time, the separation unit 107 is immersed in 1: 1 concentrated HCl: CH 3 OH for about 30 minutes, washed with distilled water, and then immersed in concentrated H 2 SO 4 for about 30 minutes. And after washing with distilled water, it is boiled for several minutes in deionized water. Subsequently, aminosilane such as 1% EDA (in 1 mM acetic acid aqueous solution) or the like is introduced into the separation unit 107 and allowed to react at room temperature for about 20 minutes. Thereby, EDA is fixed to the surface of the separation part 107. Thereafter, the residue is washed with distilled water and dried by heating at about 120 ° C. for 3 to 4 minutes under an inert gas atmosphere.
Subsequently, a 1 mM succinimidyl 4- (maleimidophenyl) butyrate (SMPB) solution is prepared as a bifunctional crosslinker, dissolved in a small amount of DMSO, and then diluted. The separation unit 107 is immersed in this diluted solution at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with a diluted solvent, and then dried in an inert gas atmosphere.
As a result, the ester group of SMPB reacts with the amino group of EDA, and the maleimide is exposed on the surface of the separation unit 107. In such a state, the antisense oligonucleotide A with a thiol group is introduced into the separation unit 107. In this way, the thiol group of the antisense oligonucleotide A reacts with the maleimide on the surface of the separation part 107, and the antisense oligonucleotide A is immobilized on the surface of the separation part 107 (for example, Chrisey et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 1996). Vol.24, No.15, pages 3031-3039). Thereby, the antisense oligonucleotide A can be immobilized on the surfaces of the flow path 103 and the columnar body 105.
The separating apparatus 100 is obtained by the above procedure. Using the obtained separation apparatus 100, RNA is separated.
RNA extracted from a nematode is mixed with a hybridization solution (Rapid hybridization buffer (manufactured by Amersham)).
A sample was introduced from the sample introduction unit 145, reacted in a humidity control box at 70 ° C. for 2 hours, and then 2 × SSC (standard saline citrate buffer) and 0.1% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) at room temperature 15 And subsequent washing with 0.2 × SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65 ° C. for 15 minutes. Next, DEPC (Diethylpropyl carbonate) treated water is introduced from the sample introduction unit 145, and the liquid pushed out to the liquid reservoir 147 is removed and the liquid reservoir 147 is washed. Then, after denaturing at 80 ° C. and separating the DNA and RNA immobilized on the separation part 107 by rapid cooling, the solution part is recovered in the liquid reservoir 147, and contains RNA derived from the tpa-1 gene at a high rate. A solution is obtained.
Thus, according to this example, RNA having a specific sequence can be satisfactorily separated from the RNA mixture.
A base material, a flow path through which a sample provided on the base material flows, a separation section provided in the flow path for separating a specific substance in the sample, and provided in the separation section, than the flow path A separation apparatus, wherein a layer of an adsorbed substance that selectively adsorbs or binds to the specific substance is formed in the separation unit.
A base material, a flow path through which a sample provided on the base material flows, a separation section provided in the flow path for separating a specific substance in the sample, and a protrusion provided in the separation section. And a layer of an adsorbed substance that selectively adsorbs or binds to the specific substance is formed in the separation unit.
The separation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a voltage applying means for applying a voltage between the electrodes, wherein electrodes are provided in the separation section and the flow path. apparatus.
The separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a projection is provided on the separation portion, and an electrode is formed on the projection.
The separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combination of the specific substance and the adsorbed substance includes an antigen and an antibody, an enzyme and a substrate, an enzyme and a substrate derivative, an enzyme and an inhibitor, Separation apparatus characterized by being a combination of sugar and lectin, DNA and DNA, DNA and RNA, protein and nucleic acid, metal and protein or ligand and receptor.
6. The separation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substance to be adsorbed is provided on a surface of the base material via a spacer.
In the separation part of the separation device including the flow path provided in the base material, the separation part provided in the flow path, and the fine flow path provided in the separation part and narrower than the flow path, While applying a voltage with a different sign from the substance to be adsorbed that selectively adsorbs or binds to the substance to be separated,
Introducing a liquid containing the substance to be adsorbed into the flow path and adsorbing the liquid to the separation unit;
Introducing a sample containing the substance to be separated into the flow path and selectively adsorbing or binding to the adsorbed substance;
Introducing a desorption liquid for desorbing the substance to be separated from the adsorbed substance into the flow path, desorbing the substance to be separated, and collecting;
Separation method characterized by performing.
Or selectively adsorbed on a substance to be separated by a separation part of a separation device including a flow path provided in a base material, a separation part provided in the flow path, and a protrusion provided in the separation part; While applying a voltage with a different sign from the substance to be adsorbed,
Separation means for separating a biological sample according to molecular size or properties;
Pretreatment means for performing pretreatment including enzymatic digestion on the sample separated by the separation means;
A drying means for drying the pretreated sample;
A mass spectrometry means for mass spectrometry of the dried sample;
A mass spectrometry system, wherein the separation means includes the separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
JP2004556860A 2002-11-29 2003-11-28 Separation apparatus and separation method Pending JPWO2004051231A1 (en)
JPWO2004051231A1 true JPWO2004051231A1 (en) 2006-04-06
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