Source: https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmbills/051/en/02051x-f.htm
Timestamp: 2017-02-22 11:28:15
Document Index: 42322808

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 6']

Schedule 7: Right to Manage: Statutory Provisions (clause 100)
304. Schedule 7 makes consequential changes to existing rights and duties to make them applicable where the RTM company has acquired the right to manage.
305. Paragraph 1 provides that the requirements on a landlord in section 19 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927 not to unreasonably withhold certain consents required under a lease apply to a RTM company where those consents are required to be given by the company by virtue of clause 96. The company is, however, entitled to make its consent conditional upon the receipt of their reasonable costs incurred in deciding whether to give that consent.
306. Paragraph 2 provides that the duty of care placed on a landlord by section 4 of the Defective Premises Act 1972 becomes a duty of care on the RTM company. This has the practical effect of making the company responsible for ensuring that the property is kept in a sufficient state of repair not to present a threat to public safety. Any liability arising from a failure to keep the property in good repair would therefore fall upon the company.
307. Paragraph 3 provides that the obligation placed upon a landlord of a short lease under section 11 of the 1985 Act becomes an obligation of the RTM company insofar as that obligation applies to the common parts and fabric of the premises, but not insofar as it applies only to the individual unit demised under that lease. It also provides that a RTM company will be under the same obligation to anyone who occupies a unit in the premises without having a lease of that unit (e.g. a resident freeholder) as it would be to any tenant with a short lease by virtue of the application of section 11 of the 1985 Act. This will have the practical effect of placing the company under an obligation to tenants under short leases and to residents with no leases to maintain the structure and exterior of the building and the installations for heating and sanitation and for the supply of water, electricity and gas.
308. Paragraph 4 provides that the rights enjoyed by tenants in respect of service charges under sections 18 to 30 of the 1985 Act can be exercised against a RTM company by any tenant and any landlord who is required to pay a service charge to the RTM company by virtue of the provisions governing the right to manage. These rights are: the right to challenge the reasonableness of service charges; the right to be consulted on major works (as amended by clause 148 of the Bill); the rights to receive statements of account and to access other documents relevant to service charges (as introduced by clauses 149 and 150 of the Bill); and the right to establish a recognised tenants' association.
309. Paragraph 5 provides that the rights enjoyed by tenants in respect of insurance by virtue of section 30A of the 1985 Act can be exercised against a RTM company by any tenant and any landlord. These rights are: the right to information on insurance and the right to challenge a nominated insurer.
310. Paragraph 6 provides that the right enjoyed by a recognised tenants' association to be consulted about the choice of managing agent by virtue of section 30B of the 1985 Act can be exercised against a RTM company.
311. Paragraph 7 provides that where the landlord serves an offer notice on qualifying tenants under the right of first refusal granted by Part 1 of the 1987 Act, a copy of that notice must also be served on the managing company. This will allow consideration of whether the company should be used as the vehicle for accepting the offer.
312. Paragraph 8 provides that the right enjoyed by tenants of flats to seek the appointment of a new manager under Part 2 of the 1987 Act can be exercised against the RTM company by any tenant of a flat and any landlord. It will be possible to make an order appointing a new manager against a RTM company on the same grounds as apply for appointing one against a landlord. In addition, an order can be made against a RTM company where it fails to fulfil any of its obligations in respect of granting approvals or monitoring covenants, or where the company wishes itself to be replaced as manager. Furthermore, this power will include a power to order that the right to manage is no longer exercisable by the RTM company concerned and to make ancillary provisions. 313. Paragraph 9 provides that where the right to manage has been exercised, the right of tenants to compulsorily acquire their landlord's interest under Part 3 of the 1987 Act is disapplied. That is because the right of compulsory acquisition is exercisable on the basis that the landlord is at fault, and it is therefore not appropriate for tenants to be able to exercise it where the landlord has been replaced as manager on a 'no fault' basis.
314. Paragraph 10 provides that the RTM company is able to exercise the rights to seek variation of a lease granted to individual tenants of flats, and to landlords of those tenants, under Part 4 of the 1987 Act (but not the right of groups of tenants to seek variations under that Part).
315. Paragraph 11 provides that the requirements to hold service charges in trust and in designated client accounts under sections 42 to 42B of the 1987 Act (see clause 152) apply to any monies paid to the RTM company by either a tenant or a landlord.
316. Paragraph 12 provides that the company is bound by the requirement under section 48 of the 1987 Act to provide tenants with an address at which notices can be furnished. The company will also have to provide all landlords with such an address. In addition, the company will be bound by the requirement under section 47 of that Act to include its name and address in any written demand for money.
317. Paragraph 13 provides that the company is bound by the requirements of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1988 not to unreasonably withhold certain consents. This in turn allows a tenant to bring civil proceedings against the company where he or she believes that the company has not complied with its duties under that Act.
318. Paragraph 14 provides that the right of tenants to arrange for a management audit under Chapter 5 of Part 1 of the 1993 Act can be exercised against a RTM company by a tenant or by any landlord who is required to pay a charge to the company.
319. Paragraph 15 provides that the right of a registered tenants' association to appoint a surveyor under section 84 of the Housing Act 1996 will apply against a RTM company as it does against a landlord.
320. Paragraph 16 provides that the rights of a tenant in respect of variable administration charges as set out in Schedule 11 are applicable against a RTM company. It also provides that the RTM company may exercise the right to seek the variation of a fixed administration charge.
Schedule 8: Enfranchisement by company: Amendments (clause 121)
321. Schedule 8 includes a large number of amendments to, principally, the 1993 Act, consequential to clauses 118, 119 and 120. They provide for the collective enfranchisement procedure to be carried out by the RTE company rather than, as now, initially by a group of qualifying tenants and subsequently by a nominee purchaser appointed by them. Rights and obligations currently applied to qualifying tenants, participating tenants, and the nominee purchaser are generally transferred to members of the RTE company, participating members of the RTE company and the RTE company respectively.
322. Paragraph 1 amends the Land Compensation Act 1973, which provides rights to compensation to tenants participating in collective enfranchisement in the event of compulsory purchase, to transfer those rights to the RTE company.
323. Paragraph 3 amends section 1 of the 1993 Act to provide that the right to collective enfranchisement is exercisable by a RTE company.
324. Paragraph 4 amends section 2(1) of the 1993 Act, which provides for the acquisition of certain leasehold interests, to provide that these interests are acquired by the RTE company.
325. Paragraph 5 amends section 11(4) of the 1993 Act, which provides a right for qualifying tenants to obtain information about superior landlords, so that the tenants have the right to obtain such information in connection with a claim being made by a RTE company.
326. Paragraph 6 amends section 13 of the 1993 Act to provide that the initial notice only needs to provide the names of those qualifying tenants who are participating members of the RTE company and that it should give the registered address of the RTE company (rather than the identity of the nominee purchaser). It introduces a new requirement that a copy of the initial notice must be given to all qualifying tenants in the premises.
327. Paragraph 7 amends section 17 of the 1993 Act, which provides a right of access for valuation purposes, so that the RTE company (or its representative) have the right.
328. Paragraph 8 amends section 18 of the 1993 Act, which requires the disclosure of agreements affecting premises, so that the disclosure obligations apply to the RTE company.
329. Paragraph 9 amends section 20 of the 1993 Act so that the reversioner may serve a notice on the RTE company requiring it to deduce the title of any qualifying tenant who is a participating member of the company.
330. Paragraph 10 makes consequential amendments to section 21 of the 1993 Act, which sets out requirements for the reversioner's counter notice.
331. Paragraph 11 amends section 22 of the 1993 Act, to enable the RTE company to apply to the court for a declaration that an initial notice is valid.
332. Paragraph 12 makes consequential amendments to section 23 of the 1993 Act, which enables an enfranchisement claim to be defeated where the landlord intends to redevelop the premises.
333. Paragraph 13 amends section 24 of the 1993 Act to enable the RTE company (as well as the reversioner) to apply to a leasehold valuation tribunal for a determination of matters in dispute.
334. Paragraph 14 amends section 25 of the 1993 Act to enable the RTE company to apply to the court for an order transferring the freehold to the company on the terms set out in the initial notice where the reversioner has failed to give a counter-notice.
335. Paragraph 15 amends section 26 of the 1993 Act to enable the RTE company to apply for a vesting order where the landlord cannot be found.
336. Paragraph 16 makes consequential amendments to section 27 of the 1993 Act (supplementary provisions relating to vesting orders).
337. Paragraph 17 amends section 28 of the 1993 Act, which provides for the withdrawal of the initial notice. It provides that the RTE company must serve notice of withdrawal on the reversioner, any other relevant landlord and all of the qualifying tenants in the premises. It also provides that in the event of withdrawal, the RTE company and any person who is or has been a participating member of the company shall be liable for the reversioner's and any other relevant landlord's costs. But this liability shall not apply if the lease has been assigned (or acquired by personal representatives, a mortgagee or trustee in bankruptcy) and the assignee has become a member of the RTE company.
338. Paragraph 18 amends section 29 of the 1993 Act to provide that the initial notice shall be deemed to be withdrawn in the event of the insolvency, winding up or striking off of the RTE company.
339. Paragraph 19 makes consequential amendments to section 30 of the 1993 Act which provides that an initial notice is of no effect if notice of compulsory purchase proceedings has been given.
340. Paragraph 20 makes consequential amendments to section 31 of the 1993 Act which provides that an initial notice is of no effect if the property has been designated under the Inheritance Tax Act 1984.
341. Paragraph 21 makes consequential amendments to section 32 of the 1993 Act which makes provision for the determination of the price payable for enfranchisement.
342. Paragraph 22 makes consequential amendments to section 33 of the 1993 Act which sets out the landlord's costs in relation to the enfranchisement which are recoverable.
343. Paragraph 23 makes consequential amendments to section 34 of the 1993 Act which provides for conveyance of the freehold.
344. Paragraph 24 makes consequential amendments to section 35 of the 1993 Act which provides for the discharge of existing mortgages on conveyance of the freehold.
345. Paragraph 25 makes consequential amendments to section 36 of the 1993 Act to require the RTE company to grant a leaseback to the former freeholder in certain circumstances.
346. Paragraph 26 amends section 37A of the 1993 Act, which provides for compensation to be payable to the freeholder if termination of a lease is postponed by an ineffective claim for enfranchisement, to provide that compensation is payable by any person who is a participating member of the RTE company immediately before the claim ceases to have effect.
347. Paragraph 27 extends section 38 of the 1993 Act to define 'participating member', 'the notice of invitation to participate', and 'RTE company', and makes a consequential amendment to subsection (2).
348. Paragraph 28 makes consequential amendments to subsections (4) and (5) of section 41 of the 1993 Act, which require the recipient of a notice served by a tenant seeking information from a landlord in connection with a possible claim to acquire a new lease to inform the tenant of any outstanding enfranchisement claim.
349. Paragraph 29 makes consequential amendments to section 54 of the 1993 Act which provides for the suspension of a tenant's claim to acquire a new lease while a claim for enfranchisement is outstanding.
350. Paragraph 30 makes consequential amendments to section 74 of the 1993 Act which makes provisions covering the exercise of the right to enfranchise when a request for approval of an estate management scheme is outstanding.
351. Paragraph 31 makes consequential amendments to section 91 of the 1993 Act which sets out the jurisdiction of leasehold valuation tribunals.
352. Paragraph 32 amends section 93 of the 1993 Act to prohibit agreements which restrict a leaseholder's right to become a member of a RTE company or do anything as a member of such a company in the course of exercising the right to enfranchise.
353. Paragraph 33 makes consequential amendments to section 93A of the 1993 Act which empowers trustees who are qualifying tenants to participate in enfranchisement.
354. Paragraph 34 amends section 97(1) of the 1993 Act to enable a qualifying company to register an initial notice under the Land Charges Act 1972 or as a notice or caution under the Land Registration Act 1925.
355. Paragraph 35 makes consequential amendments to section 98(2) of the 1993 Act which enables regulations to be made prescribing procedure.
356. Paragraph 36 makes consequential amendments to Schedule 1 to the 1993 Act which enables the court to appoint the reversioner to conduct proceedings on behalf of all relevant landlords.
357. Paragraph 37 makes consequential changes to Schedule 3 to the 1993 Act which prescribes procedures in relation to initial notices, places restrictions on participation where forfeiture proceedings have already been commenced and restricts the commencement of forfeiture proceedings against participants once an initial notice has been served. In particular, it provides that an initial notice shall not be invalid if a member of a RTE company is not entitled to be a member because he is not a qualifying tenant, provided that the number of members who are entitled to be members meets the minimum requirement for a RTE company.
358. Paragraph 38 makes consequential changes to Schedule 4 to the 1993 Act which requires the reversioner to provide specified information with a counter notice and subsequently.
359. Paragraph 39 makes consequential changes to Schedule 5 to the 1993 Act which prescribes procedures for vesting orders under sections 24 and 25 of the Act.
360. Paragraph 40 makes consequential changes to Schedule 6 to the 1993 Act which prescribes rules for valuing the interests to be acquired.
361. Paragraph 41 makes consequential changes to Schedule 7 to the 1993 Act which prescribes procedures for the conveyance of the freehold.
362. Paragraph 42 makes consequential changes to Schedule 8 to the 1993 Act which prescribes procedures for the discharge of mortgages on conveyance of the freehold.
363. Paragraph 43 makes consequential changes to Schedule 9 to the 1993 Act which provides for the granting of leases back to the former freeholder.
Schedule 9: Meaning of service charge and management (clause 147)
Loans in respect of service charges
364. Paragraphs 1 to 6 make changes to the provisions of the Housing Act 1985 which enable, and in some cases require, local authorities and registered social landlords to provide loans to their leaseholders to cover the costs of maintenance and repairs recoverable through service charges. The changes extend these provisions to cover the costs of improvements where these are payable by leaseholders.
365. Paragraph 7 extends the definition of 'service charge' in section 18(1)(a) of the 1985 Act to cover improvements.
366. Paragraph 8 extends the meaning of management for the purposes of section 24 of the 1987 Act to include improvements. Failings in relation to improvements will also be grounds for the appointment of a manager under that section.
Right to acquire landlord's interest
367. Paragraph 9 similarly extends the grounds for the right to acquire the landlord's interest under section 29 of the 1987 Act, to include failings in relation to improvements.
368. Paragraph 10 extends the definition of 'management functions' in section 84 of the 1993 Act, which gives tenants a right to a management audit, to include improvements.
Codes of management practice
369. Paragraph 11 extends the definitions of 'management functions' and 'service charge' in section 87(8) of the 1993 Act, which provides for the approval of codes of management practice, to cover improvements.
Right to appoint surveyor
370. Paragraph 12 extends the definition of 'management functions' for the purposes of paragraph 4(2) of Schedule 4 to the Housing Act 1996, which gives recognised tenants' associations the right to appoint a surveyor who has rights to inspect premises, to cover improvements.
371. Paragraph 13 provides that any of the provisions referred to in paragraphs 7 to 12 or section 27A of the 1985 Act (as inserted by clause 151 of the Bill) may be further amended, by order, to change the meaning of 'service charge', 'management' or 'management functions'.
Schedule 10: Service charges: Minor and Consequential Amendments (clause 153)
372. Paragraph 1 amends section 23 of the 1985 Act (which deals with information held by a superior landlord) to bring it in line with the new sections 21 and 22 that will be introduced by clauses 149 and 150. Under the new section 23A, landlords are entitled to obtain information from a superior landlord, where it was needed to produce an accounting statement. Where a superior landlord held documents which were relevant to an accounting statement, tenants will also have the right to inspect them, or to have copies provided to them on payment of a reasonable fee.
Change of Landlord 373. Paragraph 2 inserts a new section 23A, which makes provision to ensure that where a landlord disposes of his interest, he remains under an obligation to provide accounting information to his former tenants where he was in a position to do so. The new owner will also be under an obligation to provide accounting information relating to the activities of the previous owner, to the extent that he was able to do so. Assignment
374. Paragraph 3 amends section 24 of the 1985 Act to reflect the changes to section 22 (see clause 149) and to reflect the insertion of section 23A (see preceding paragraph). Offences 375. Paragraph 4 amends section 25 of the 1985 Act to reflect the insertion of section 23A into the 1985 Act.
Exceptions 376. Paragraph 5 amends sections 26 and 27 of the 1985 Act to reflect the changes to sections 21 and 22 of the 1985 Act (see clauses 149 and 150).
377. Paragraphs 6 and 7 `amend section 28 of the 1985 Act to reflect the changes to sections 21 and 22 of the 1985 Act (see clauses 149 and 150). As the new accounting provisions in the 1985 Act will also apply to the Crown, section 28(6) is amended to apply to the Crown in the same way as other public bodies.
378. Paragraphs 8 to 13 amend the Schedule to the 1985 Act. They enable leaseholders to inspect the insurance policy for their building without first having to ask for a summary of the insurance cover. They will also be able to take copies of the insurance policy and associated documents, or have copies provided to them, on payment of a reasonable fee. Requests will have to be complied with within 21 days, rather than within one month. A new paragraph 4A is inserted to cover cases where a landlord disposes of his interest. It also makes a number of other minor and consequential amendments to the Schedule to the 1985 Act.
Service Charge Contributions: appointment of a manager
379. Paragraph 14 amends section 24 of the 1987 Act (which sets out grounds on which a Leasehold Valuation Tribunal may be asked to appoint a new manager for a block). It introduces a new ground for seeking the appointment of a new manager - that there has been a failure to comply with section 42 or 42A of the 1987 Act (requirements to hold service charge funds in trust and in separate client accounts). This is subject to the requirement that it be just and convenient to appoint a new manager. Trust of service charges paid only by one tenant
380. Paragraph 15 amends section 42 of the 1987 Act (which requires service charges to be held in trust). It extends the application of section 42 to cases where only one tenant has to pay the service charge in question. Management Audit
381. Paragraphs 16 to 18 make various consequential changes to the 1993 Act, to reflect the changes being made to the 1985 Act.
Schedule 11: Administration charges (clause 154)
Part 1: Reasonableness of administration charges
Meaning of 'administration charge'
382. Paragraph 1(1) defines 'administration charge' for the purposes of Part 1 of the Schedule. This covers charges payable for approvals required as a condition of a lease, for the provision of information to leaseholders or other parties (e.g. prospective purchasers), penalty charges for late payment of rent or other charges, or charges in connection with a breach (or alleged breach) of a covenant or condition of a lease. Paragraph 1(5) provides a power to amend this definition by order.
383. Paragraph 1(3) defines a 'fixed administration charge'. This is any administration charge where either the sum or a formula for calculating the sum is specified in the lease. Paragraph 1(4) defines a 'variable administration charge' as any administration charge which is not a fixed administration charge. Reasonableness of administration charges
384. Paragraph 2 provides a requirement that variable administration charges are only payable to the extent that they are reasonable.
385. Paragraph 3 provides a right for any party to a lease to apply to a leasehold valuation tribunal for the variation of a fixed administration charge. Such an application can be made on the grounds that either a fixed sum specified in the lease or a formula specified in the lease is unreasonable. Where a tribunal agrees that a fixed administration charge is unreasonable, it can order the lease to be changed accordingly.
Liability to pay administration charges
386. Paragraph 4 provides that an application may be made to a LVT for a determination whether or not an administration charge is payable and if so, by whom it is payable, to whom it is payable, the amount which is payable, the date on which it is payable or the manner in which it is payable. The jurisdiction of the LVT in such matters is in addition to any jurisdiction of a court. No application may be made in respect of a matter which has been agreed or admitted by a leaseholder or which has been determined by a court or arbitral tribunal. However, payment of all or part of a charge does not constitute admitting it or any other matter. Certain agreements providing for questions about administration charges to be determined in a particular manner are void. As with service charges arbitration agreements will be void unless they are entered into after a dispute has arisen.
Part 2: Amendments of 1987 Act
387. Paragraph 7 amends section 24 of the 1987 Act to extend the grounds on which a LVT may order the appointment of a manager to include the making of unreasonable variable administration charges.
388. Paragraph 8 amends section 46 of the 1987 Act, which interprets terms used in Part 6 of that Act, to include the definition of variable administration charge in paragraph 1.
389. Paragraph 9 amends section 47 of the 1987 Act to provide that administration charges are not recoverable if the landlord has failed to provide his name and address in accordance with the requirements of that section.
390. Paragraph 10 amends section 48 of the 1987 Act to provide that administration charges are not recoverable if the landlord has failed to provide an address for the service of notices.