Source: https://patents.justia.com/patent/9819358
Timestamp: 2019-07-17 12:38:40
Document Index: 669201132

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 10', 'art 10', 'Application No. 13166503', 'Application No. 201180010061', 'Application No. 201180010048', 'Application No. 201180010045', 'Application No. 201180010061', 'Application No. 201180010045', 'Application No. 201180010082', 'Application No. 201180010090', 'Application No. 201180010098', 'Application No. 201180010289', 'Application No. 11705195', 'Application No. 201180010045', 'Application No. 201180010082', 'Application No. 201180010090', 'Application No. 201180010098', 'Application No. 201180010214', 'Application No. 201180010289', 'Application No. 11705195', 'Application No. 11705195', 'Application No. 201180010061', 'Application No. 201180010082', 'Application No. 201180010082', 'Application No. 201180010098', 'Application No. 201180010289', 'Application No. 201180010048', 'Application No. 201180010061', 'Application No. 201180010214', 'Application No. 201180010214', 'Application No. 201180010045', 'Application No. 201180010048', 'Application No. 201180010090', 'Application No. 11704978', 'Application No. 11704449', 'Application No. 11706788', 'Application No. 11704450']

US Patent for Entropy encoding based on observed frequency Patent (Patent # 9,819,358 issued November 14, 2017) - Justia Patents Search
Justia Patents To Or From Variable Length CodesUS Patent for Entropy encoding based on observed frequency Patent (Patent # 9,819,358)
Jul 16, 2010 - Skype
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A corresponding decoder is illustrated in FIG. 1b. The incoming bit stream is first passed to an entropy decoder 116, then to later stages 112 such as intraframe prediction decoding and interframe motion prediction decoding stages. The same few pre-trained VLC look-up tables as stored at the encoder are also pre-stored at the entropy decoder 116. The decoder also has the same knowledge of the previous symbol values v[sm] as the encoder (because it has already just decoded those symbols). Given this knowledge of previously decoded symbols sm, a global PMF adaption block 114 in the decoder can therefore deterministically ascertain the VLC look-up table that the encoder must have used to encode a current encoded symbol c(v[sn]), and thus control the entropy decoder 116 to decode the current symbol sn accordingly.
The encoder further comprises a local PMF calculation block 204, having an input also arranged to receive the (partially processed) input signal from the earlier stages 102, and having an output arranged to supply control signals to the entropy encoder 206. However, this local PMF calculation block is not like the global PMF adaption block 104 of FIG. 1a, which selects an adaption based on symbols of the input signal that have already been received and encoded by the entropy encoder 106 (e.g. selected based on previous symbols sm whilst the current block being encoded by the entropy encoder 106 is a subsequent symbol sn). That is, the adaptation by the global PMF block 104 is obtained by observing the previously encoded symbol values. In contrast, the local PMF calculation block 204 of FIG. 2a comprises a counter which counts the actual number of occurrences of the different possible symbol values within each frame (e.g. comprising symbols sn . . . sn+w of a current block), in order to determine a PMF for use in adapting the variable length encoding of that same frame (e.g. comprising the same symbols sn . . . sn+w of the same current block).
FIG. 2b shows an example bitstream as output by the encoder of FIG. 2a. The bitstream comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame comprises a plurality of codes c plus compressed information about the local observed PMF for that same respective frame. The local PMF is transmitted as side information, i.e. it is a part of the bitstream.
As illustrated in FIG. 2a, the described technique may optionally be augmented by comparing the efficiency of the highly-adaptive PMF with that of the global PMF. That is, comparing R(symbols, local)+R(side info) with R(symbols, global) for each frame, and choosing the best option for the frame. To this end, the encoder comprises a switch 208 configured to switch between the local adaption 204 and global adaption 104, making the switching decision once per frame in dependence on the comparison. The choice is indicated by a flag f supplied to the decoder as additional side information in the bitstream for each frame (the additional side information to transmit this flag is negligible). This flag f is shown in FIG. 2b. Alternatively the switching decision could be performed once per number of frames instead of necessarily being decided every frame.
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Patent Publication Number: 20110206131
Inventors: Renat Vafin (Tallinn), Lazar Bivolarsky (Cupertino, CA), Mattias Nilsson (Sundbyberg), Soren Vang Andersen (Luxembourg)
Assistant Examiner: Michael J Hess
Application Number: 12/838,118