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City Water Plan 2016 2021 - City of Joondalup
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joondalup.wa.gov.au City Water Plan 2016 – 2021
2 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 Oahu Park (Hillarys)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 1 Contents Executive Summary 3 Acronyms 4 Part 1 5 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Purpose 5 1.1.1 Aim 5 1.1.2 Objective 5 1.1.3 Structure of the Plan 5 1.2 City Water Plan 2012 – 2015 5 1.2.1 Key Achievements 5 1.3 Strategic Context 6 1.3.1 Local 6 1.3.2 State Legislation and Regulation 6 1.3.3 Waterwise Council Program 7 1.4 Physical Environment 8 1.4.1 Climate 8 1.4.2 Gnangara Groundwater System 9 1.4.3 Yellagonga Regional Park and Wetlands 11 1.5 Key Challenges 13 1.5.1 Meeting current and future groundwater allocations 13 1.5.2 A drying climate 14 1.5.3 Protection of water bodies 15 1.5.4 Meeting community expectations 15 Part 2 17 2.
City Water Profiles 17 2.1 Water Sources 17 2.2 Corporate Water Consumption 19 2.2.1 Groundwater 19 2.2.2 Scheme Water 20 2.3 Community Water Consumption 29 2.3.1 Groundwater 29 2.3.2 Scheme Water 30 2.4 Corporate Water Quality 32 2.4.1 Stormwater Management 32 2.5 Community Water Quality 33 Part 3 35 3. Water Plan 35 3.1 Water Plan Key Focus Areas 35 4. Overarching Targets and KPI’s 37 4.1.  Baseline water use and key performance indicators 37 4.2. Water Plan Projects 38 4.2.1 Project Descriptions 38 5. Implementation 39 5.1 Monitoring and Review 45 6. References 46 Appendix 1: Key Achievements of City Water Plan 2012-2015 49 Corporate 49 Groundwater Use 49 Scheme Water Use 49 Corporate Water Quality Management 49 Community 49 Community Scheme Water Use 49 Community Water Quality Management 50 Appendix 2: Project Summaries 51 Key Focus Area: Water Monitoring and Reporting 51 Key Focus Area: Built Environment 59 Key Focus Area: Management of Wetland Areas and Public Open Space 64 Key Focus Area: Water Sensitive Urban Design 68 Key Focus Area: Contracts and Purchasing 70 Key Focus Area: Staff Education and Participation 71 Key Focus Area: Community Education and Participation 72 Key Focus Area: Partnerships and Policy 75
2 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 Water on a Proteaceae in Yellagonga Regional Park (Joondalup)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 3 Executive Summary The City of Joondalup recognises the importance of the sustainable use of water within its operations and facilities, and the need to promote water conservation and water efficiency within the community. Sustainable water management is an important issue for the City of Joondalup and the need to balance provision of water services for the community with the protection of water resources is becoming even more vital in a drying climate.
As a Local Government, the City relies heavily on both scheme and groundwater resources. Scheme water is used within the City’s buildings and facilities whilst groundwater is utilised for the irrigation of parks and reserves managed by the City.
As water availability decreases due to competing uses, population growth and climate change, it is essential that the City takes steps to use water resources in a sustainable manner while delivering adequate services and facilities for the community. The City of Joondalup has demonstrated a commitment to sustainable water management by developing and implementing a City Water Plan 2012 – 2015 and by joining the Waterwise Council Program to further increase the capacity of the City to use and manage water resources in a more efficient way. Following a review of the City Water Plan 2012 – 2015, a new Water Plan has been developed to guide the sustainable management of the City’s water practises into the future.
The City Water Plan 2016 – 2021 provides strategic direction for the delivery of water conservation and water quality improvement initiatives within the City of Joondalup over the next five years. The Plan builds on the achievements of the City’s previous City Water Plan 2012 – 2015 and reflects the water management objectives outlined in the City of Joondalup Environment Plan 2014-2019.
The City Water Plan 2016 – 2021 covers eight key focus areas: water monitoring and reporting, management of wetlands and public open spaces, water sensitive urban design, contracts and purchasing, staff education and participation, community education and participation and partnership and policy. Many of the successful projects which were developed and implemented from the previous City Water Plan 2012 – 2015, are carried forward and form the basis of the updated Plan. The City’s key achievements in regard to water conservation and water quality improvement from the past three years include: • Monthly groundwater bore meter monitoring; • Installation of soil moisture sensors within public open spaces across the City; • Park upgrades to include hydrozoning, ecozoning, redesign of irrigation systems and landscaping as per the Parks Redevelopment Program; • Implementation of Environmental Building Audits; • The delivery of a wide range of community and staff water education initiatives; • Continued participation in the Waterwise Councils Program; and • Implementation of the Yellagonga Integrated Catchment Management Plan.
The City Water Plan 2016 – 2021 includes a number of targets which will enable the City to monitor progress towards achieving the objectives of the Plan. Annual reporting against the targets will ensure both transparency and accountability to the community in the delivery of the outcomes. The City’s ongoing commitment and proactive approach to sustainable water management is demonstrated by the initiatives that are included within this Plan which are beyond regulatory requirements for Local Government in the area of water management.
4 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 Acronyms BoM Bureau of Meteorology CoJ City of Joondalup CRC Cooperative Research Centre CWSC Cities as Water Supply Catchments DoH Department of Health DoW Department of Water DPaW Department of Parks and Wildlife EEP Environmental Education Program GPT’s Gross Pollutant Traps GWL Groundwater Licence Ha Hectare kL Kilolitre KPI Key Performance Indicator ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives IWSS Integrated Water Supply System mm Millimetre NWI National Water Initiative WA Western Australia WEAP Water Efficiency Action Plan WEMP Water Efficiency Management Plan WOC Works Operation Centre WSUD Water Sensitive Urban Design YICM Yellagonga Integrated Management Plan 2015-2019 YR Year Oahu Park (Hillarys)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 5 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose The City Water Plan 2016 – 2021 (the Plan) builds on the foundations of the City Water Plan 2012 – 2015 and continues to provide a coordinated approach for the City to sustainably manage water resources within the City’s operations and the community. The Plan identifies the main water related issues impacting the City and sets objectives for scheme water and groundwater conservation, water quality and quantity improvements. The City Water Plan 2016 – 2021 will guide the City’s water management practises over the next five years, which will facilitate the City’s ongoing leadership in meeting its water conservation and water quality management targets whilst creating community awareness regarding the need to manage water resources for the future.
1.1.1 Aim The City Water Plan 2016 – 2021 aims to build upon the outcomes of the previous City Water Plan by providing a holistic and long term strategic plan to improve water conservation and water quality management within the City. 1.1.2 Objective The overarching objective of the City Water Plan 2016 – 2021 is to manage the City’s water resources in a sustainable manner in order to decrease water consumption, increase efficiency and improve water quality. 1.1.3 Structure of the Plan The City Water Plan utilises a project based implementation framework and includes the development of specific water related projects that will be implemented over the life of the Plan to achieve its stated objectives.
The project based framework addresses both water conservation and water quality within City operations and the community sector.
Part 1 of the City Water Plan provides context to the water management issues facing the City, including future threats and impacts. Part 2 is an overview of water consumption by the City and the community and details operational barriers to water management and the City’s strategic water management targets. Part 3 of the Plan includes key projects that will be implemented over the life of the Water Plan to achieve the City’s water conservation and water quality improvement targets within the following areas: • Water Monitoring and Reporting; • Management of Wetlands and Public Open Space; • Water Sensitive Urban Design; • Contracts and Purchasing; • Staff Education and Participation; • Community Education and Participation; and • Partnerships and Policy.
The City Water Plan will be continually monitored and reviewed on an annual basis, against a set of indicators for water conservation and water quality improvement. This will assist the City to track progress towards the water management targets. 1.2 City Water Plan 2012 – 2015 The City of Joondalup adopted the City Water Plan 2012 – 2015 in June 2012. Substantial progress was made in implementing initiatives within the Plan with all projects that were scheduled for implementation during the life of the Plan having been either completed or commenced. The key achievements from the City Water Plan 2012 – 2015 are outlined below.
1.2.1 Key Achievements A number of projects have been implemented since the adoption of the City Water Plan in June 2012, which have contributed to the overall reduction in water consumption and improved water quality. Details on the progress of the projects are provided in Appendix 1.
Key achievements include: • Monthly groundwater bore meter monitoring; • Installation of soil moisture sensors within public open spaces across the City; • Park upgrades to include hydrozoning, ecozoning, redesign of irrigation systems and landscaping as per the Parks Redevelopment Program; • Implementation of Environmental Building Audits; • The delivery of a wide range of community and staff water education initiatives; • Continued participation in the Waterwise Councils Program; and • Implementation of the YICM Plan. Part 1
6 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 1.3 Strategic Context A decline in water availability has prompted action at the national, state and local level.
Water management has shifted from purely an operational issue for water service providers and water managers, to one that is now embedded in strategic policy for all spheres of government. The decline in the availability of water sources has lead to the introduction of strong national and state legislation, regulation and restrictions. The key strategic documents and initiatives undertaken to improve water management across government are outlined below.
1.3.1 Local The aims and objectives within the City Water Plan align with the City’s broad range strategic documents, namely the Joondalup 2022: Strategic Community Plan 2012-2022 and the Environment Plan 2014-2019. Joondalup 2022: Strategic Community Plan 2012-2022 is the overarching document for all of the City’s strategic planning documents and outlines the City’s commitment to achieving the vision and aspirations of its community and regional stakeholders. Environment Plan 2014-2019 provides strategic direction for environmental management across the City’s natural resources and assets.
The aim of this plan is to ensure that the City’s operations are delivered in an environmentally sustainable manner and that the City takes measures to effectively influence positive environmental behaviours within the community. The plan also outlines a framework for the development of environmental plans and strategies to address key environmental issues including water, as outlined in Figure 1. Water is one of the key themes of the Plan with the objective to manage the City’s water resources in a sustainable manner in order to decrease water consumption, increase water efficiency and improve water quality.
1.3.2 State Legislation and Regulation 1.3.2.1 Groundwater Licensing and Allocations The Department of Water (DoW) is responsible for managing and allocating the State’s water resources. The DoW grants the right to take water from these resources by issuing licences with water entitlements, under the Rights and Water Irrigation Act 1914. Water allocation plans have been developed to help protect Western Australia’s key water sources and outline how much water can be taken from groundwater and surface water resources, while safeguarding the sustainability of the resource and protecting the water- dependent environment.
The allocation limits are set based on a combination of factors such as on recharge estimates, modelling, environmental objectives and benefits of groundwater use and provide a guide for Strategic Community Plan 2012-2022 Environment Plan 2014-2019 City Water Plan 2016-2021 Yellagonga Integrated Catchment Management Plan 2015 – 2019 Biodiversity Action Plan 2009-2019 Climate Change Strategy 2014-2019 Waste Management Plan 2016-2021 Natural Area Management Plans Issue Specific Plans Figure 1: City of Joondalup Strategic Environmental Framework.
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 7 determining water availability for individual licence assessments. Due to declining rainfall and groundwater recharge over the past forty years, the Gnangara aquifer has become over allocated and the Gnangara Groundwater Areas Allocation Plan provides steps for returning the system back into balance.1 Overall abstraction limits have been reduced by 15% between 2010/11 and 2013/14 in response to the declining rainfall. The Gnangara Groundwater Areas Allocation Plan is currently being reviewed and a draft report for public comment is expected to be released by 2017.
This could see further reductions to current allocation limits. The City Water Plan 2016 – 2021 groundwater targets will be amended incorporating any changes resulting from the revised Gnangara Groundwater Areas Allocation Plan. 1.3.2.2 Legislative Reform Reduced stream inflow has affected water availability for the Perth Metropolitan region and has led to increased pressure on groundwater resources. The region’s reliance on groundwater has resulted in more stringent management and monitoring of groundwater use by the State Government. It has meant large users such as the Local Government sector have had to adapt and significantly reduce groundwater use.
The Department of Water is facilitating reform of water resources legislation to ensure a more equitable, transparent and sustainable approach to groundwater allocations and management. Local Governments will need to prepare for the possibility of changes to the amount of groundwater that is available for irrigation purposes as well as possible changes to management and monitoring processes which will need to be incorporated into future revisions of the Plan. 1.3.3 Waterwise Council Program The Waterwise Council program was launched by the Water Corporation and Department of Water in 2009 in order to build a cooperative working relationship with Local Governments to improve water use efficiency in their industry and their communities.
The program encourages Local Government to lead by example in promoting efficient and effective water management within their communities.
The City joined the program in 2010 to further increase capacity in managing its water resources. The City of Joondalup was named WA’s Waterwise Council at the 2011 WA Water Awards for its innovative and sustainable management of water resources. The City has demonstrated ongoing commitment to achieving sustainable water management by retaining Waterwise Council accreditation since 2010. The Water Corporation and the Department of Water reviewed the Waterwise Council Program criteria in 2015, including the requirement to develop a Water Efficiency Action Plan (WEAP). The City Water Plan 2016 – 2021 will achieve the requirement for a WEAP.
Yellagonga Regional Park (Joondalup) 1 DoW (2009)
8 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 1.4 Physical Environment 1.4.1 Climate The City of Joondalup experiences a Mediterranean climate of hot dry summers with an average temperature of 32°C during the day and mild wet winters with an average day time temperature of 20°C.2 The average annual rainfall in the City of Joondalup from 2004 to 2015 was 660mm. The average annual rainfall from 1993 to 2003 was 716mm, indicating an annual decrease of approximately 56mm in the past two decades. Approximately 77% of the annual rain falls between the months of May and September, as shown in Figure 2.3 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Average Rainfall (mm) Figure 2: Mean Monthly Rainfall Recorded at Perth Airport Weather Station 2004-2015 (sourced from BoM).
2 Perth Tourist Centre (2016) 3 BoM (2016a)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 9 1.4.2 Gnangara Groundwater System The City of Joondalup is located within the Gnangara Groundwater System which is the largest source of good quality, fresh water in the Perth region and supports nationally significant groundwater dependant ecosystems.4 The Gnangara Groundwater System stretches approximately 2200 square kilometres along the coastal plain north of the Swan River to Gingin and to the Darling Scarp in the east. The Gnangara Groundwater System comprises of four main aquifers: superficial Gnangara Mound (shallow, unconfined), Mirrabooka (deeper, semi-confined), Leederville (deep, mostly confined) and the Yarragadee (deep, mostly confined).
See Figure 3. 40% of the Integrated Water Supply System (IWSS) for public water supply is sourced from the Gnangara system.5 Water is sourced from all of the aquifers within this system. However, less water is sourced from the superficial aquifer to reduce the impacts on groundwater dependant ecosystems.6 Gnangara Goundwater System Figure 3: The Gnangara groundwater system (sourced from DoW). 4 DoW (2011) 5 DoW (2009) 6 DoW (2016)
10 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 Groundwater levels in the superficial aquifer have been declining over the past 40 years due to a combination of abstraction and declining rainfall. However since the introduction of the Department of Water’s Gnangara Groundwater Areas Allocation Plans in 2011 there has been a demonstrated decrease in the rate of decline for groundwater levels as shown in Figure 4. The Water Corporation conducted a successful three year groundwater replenishment trial at the Beenyup Wastewater Treatment Plant which ended in December 2012. The construction of the treatment plant, which will boost Perth’s drinking water supplies with the ability to recharge 14billion litres of water into groundwater supplies, is expected to be completed by the end of 2016.7 7 Water Corporation (2016) Figure 4: Average groundwater level in the Gnangara Mound (sourced from DoW)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 11 1.4.3 Yellagonga Regional Park and Wetlands Yellagonga Regional Park (the Park) is one of eleven regional parks within the Perth Metropolitan area and lies on the Swan Coastal Plain located approximately 20km north of Perth. The City of Joondalup contains part of this distinct linear wetland system which consists of a wetland chain including, from north to south, Lake Joondalup, Beenyup Swamp, Walluburnup Swamp and Lake Goollelal,8 (see Figure 5). The surface water catchment area impacting on the Park is estimated to cover an area of approximately 4000 hectares.10 The catchment area is linked to the Park by surface flows via drainage infrastructure and groundwater flows.
The catchment encompasses land on either side of the Park located in the Cities of Joondalup and Wanneroo and includes medium to high-density residential, commercial and light industrial development interspersed with green areas. Lake Joondalup and Goollelal, and the swamps Beenyup and Walluburnup, are the receiving aquatic environments for water from this catchment via surface, groundwater and stormwater flows. Any land use within this catchment will have some impact on the quality and quantity of the water entering the wetlands which can also have an impact on the floristic and faunal communities within the Park.
In order to maintain and enhance amenity, recreational, scientific, educational and conservation values of the Park for present and future generations, an integrated catchment approach has been undertaken by the Cities of Joondalup and Wanneroo and the Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) providing a comprehensive and integrated approach to managing the Park. 8 CALM et al (2003) 9 CALM et al (2003) 10 Ove Arup and Partners (1994) Figure 5: Location of the Yellagonga Regional Park.9 Picnic Cove (Edgewater)
12 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 Baby Pacific Black Ducks Yellagonga Regional Park (Edgewater)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 13 1.5 Key Challenges The City undertakes its water management activities in the context of a number of pressures including requirements to reduce water consumption, a drying climate, increased provision of services and facilities and the impact of pollutants on receiving water bodies from the urban environment. Four key challenges have been identified for water management within the City and are shown in the diagram below. 1.5.1 Meeting current and future groundwater allocations Groundwater levels in the superficial aquifer have been declining over the last 40 years due to a combination of continued groundwater abstraction, declining rainfall and groundwater recharge.
Future projections of further decline in rainfall for the south-west region will result in less available water for groundwater recharge.11 With an expected increase in population across the Perth-Peel Region from 1.65million to 3.6million by 2050,12 demand on water resources is set to increase considerably. This could result in further water allocation reductions within the Gnangara Groundwater Areas Allocation Plan which is currently under review by the Department of Water (DoW) and expected to be released for public comment in 2017.
A reduction in water allocations within the Gnangara Groundwater Areas Allocation Plan could result in a reduction of the City’s current Groundwater Licence’s annual allocation limits, which will impact on the available water to irrigate the City’s parks and open spaces. The City’s future management of its parks and open spaces will need to be considered in the context of changing groundwater allocations. Key Challenges for Water Mangement Meeting current and future groundwater allocations A drying climate Protection of water bodies Meeting community expectations Figure 6: Key Water Management Challanges within the City of Joondalup.
11 DoW (2013) 12 Department of Planning and Western Australian Planning Commission (2014)
14 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 1.5.2 A drying climate One of the key issues for the South West of WA is the amount of available water due to decreased rainfall which has affected stream flow into Perth dams (see Figure 7). Rainfall in the South West of WA has already decreased by 15% since the 1970s,13 which has resulted in reduced stream flow to surface water bodies and dams by 70%.14 The reduction in available water within local dams has placed extra pressures on the groundwater resources at the same time that demand for water is increasing. Reduced stream flow has also dramatically reduced recharge to groundwater aquifers.
Modelling suggests that mean annual rainfall will continue to decrease and the South West of WA could potentially experience 80% more drought-months by 2070.15 Adaptation to the drying climate is critical, particularly as the impacts of climate change are already being experienced. Climate change is likely to increase temperatures and the number of days over 30°C in the South West, which will subsequently increase evaporation rates from surface water bodies and soil. By 2030, the annual average number of days over 35°C in Perth could rise from the current 27 to 29-38 days per year.16 More extreme weather events are also predicted, including increased frequency and severity of droughts.
The City’s future management of water resources will need to be considered in the context of a changing climate.
13 DoW (2013) 14 Water Corporation (2008) 15 Department of Environment (2016) 16 South Western Australia (Climate Change) (n.d) Figure 7: Western Australian Rainfall Deciles 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2016 (sourced from BoM).
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 15 17 Department of Planning (2010) Mudflats at Yellagonga Regional Park (Edgewater). 1.5.3 Protection of water bodies The interface between surface water, wetlands, coastal waters and groundwater means that water quality and quantity management is an important issue as an adequate quantity and quality of water is required to support water dependant ecosystems and to provide adequate drinking water sources.
Water quality can be negatively impacted through drainage operations, maintenance works and management of waterways and public open spaces. Within the community, the application of fertilisers, waste management, vehicle use and interaction with waterways can also lead to a reduction in water quality within the receiving environments. Additionally, water quality can be impacted by factors such as land use, groundwater abstraction and climate change.
Pollutants such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, nutrients, suspended solids and litter can enter the water bodies via the stormwater runoff, groundwater flow and rainfall. Poor water quality can affect the health of wetlands and aquatic systems with increased levels of metals and nutrients within water bodies which can lead to algal blooms, reduced reproduction rates and death of flora and fauna. 1.5.4 Meeting community expectations The City’s population has increased by almost 5% in the past ten years. This has increased demand for services and facilities within the City. With an expected increase in population across the Perth-Peel Region from 1.65million to 2.2million by 203117 , demand for water resources is set to increase considerably.
As water availability decreases and demand increases, it is essential the City takes steps to use water resources in a responsible manner while maintaining the delivery of high quality services and facilities for the community. To achieve this, the City aims to improve both water conservation and efficiency.
16 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 Currambine Community Centre (Currambine)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 17 2. City Water Profiles 2.1 Water Sources The City utilises both groundwater and scheme water within its operations and buildings. The City utilises scheme water within its community buildings, facilities and administrative buildings whilst groundwater is used in the irrigation of the City’s parks and open spaces. Opportunities for alternative water sources, such as in Currambine Community Centre which utilises a 20kL rainwater tank for toilet flushing, will continue to be investigated.
Wherever practicable, the City will also improve the eco-efficiency of City owned buildings and assets by implementing environmentally sustainable design principles into the construction, renovation and retro-fitting of all future building assets as the City adapts to a drying climate. Part 2
18 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 City of Joondaup Groundwater Licences (Allocations correct as at February 2009) Licence 155515 Allocation 1,905,050kL Licence 155582 Allocation 1,924,500kL Licence 155510 Allocation 288,000kL Figure 8: Groundwater Licence Zones - City of Joondalup.
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 19 2.2 Corporate Water Consumption 2.2.1 Groundwater The City uses groundwater from superficial (shallow) aquifers in the Gnangara Groundwater System to irrigate parks and public open space. Groundwater usage accounts for 98% of the City’s corporate water use.
The City has three groundwater licenses (GWL 155515, GWL 155582 and GWL 155510) for irrigating parks and public open space. The GWLs cover two groundwater sub-areas: Whitford and Quinns. GWL 155510 is in the Quinns sub-area, which is located north of Burns Beach Road and consists of newer parks and sporting fields. The remaining two GWLs cover the Whitford sub-area, from Beach Road to Burns Beach Road. This area consists predominantly of established parks and sporting ovals with older infrastructure and design elements.
The GWL have set allocation limits and the usage within the two Whitford licenses has been amalgamated. While the licence areas are still separate, the allocations are effectively combined which gives the City greater flexibility to reduce or increase water use in particular areas when needed, providing for holistic, sustainable management of the City’s groundwater resources. The licence areas for the City’s GWLs are displayed in Figure 8. The City undertakes monthly groundwater consumption monitoring as part of its commitment to increasing water efficiency and proactive resource management.
Regular monitoring assists the City to manage and monitor actual usage against the Department of Water GWL allocations. Groundwater consumption data has been collected since 2007/08; however, meters were not installed on all bores until 2008/09. Figure 9 compares the groundwater consumption over the past five years.
Over the past five years, the City’s overall groundwater consumption has been below the DoW’s annual allocation. The increase in groundwater consumption in 2013/14 can be attributed to Perth experiencing well below average summer rainfall with above average maximum temperatures resulting in Perth experiencing its fifth driest summer since 1876.18 The 2015 winter was Perth’s ninth driest winter on record which was followed by Perth’s fifth driest spring.19 These climatic factors influenced the City’s groundwater consumption during 2015/16.
500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 3000000 3500000 4000000 4500000 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 Consumption (kL) Year TOTAL Groundwater Consumption TOTAL Groundwater Licence Limit Figure 9: Groundwater consumption 2011/12 – 2015/16.
18 BoM (2014) 19 BoM (2016b)
20 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 The City has moved towards a reporting regime based on groundwater sub-areas, rather than groundwater licenses as displayed in Figure 10. The Whitford sub-area is an amalgamation of GWL 155515 and GWL 155582. The Quinns sub-area is GWL 155510. The trends in groundwater consumption are relatively consistent across the groundwater sub-areas and reflect similar usage trends based on rainfall and seasonal variations across the years. 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 4,000,000 Whitfords Combined (GWL 155515 and GWL 155582) Quins (GWL 155510) Consumption (kL) Groundwater Licences per sub area 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 Figure 10: Groundwater use for each groundwater sub-area since 2011/12.
2.2.2 Scheme Water All scheme water is supplied to the City of Joondalup via the Integrated Water Supply System (IWSS) which is sourced from a combination of groundwater, surface water and desalination resources.20 This is treated at local groundwater treatment plants to drinking water quality. The City uses scheme water in its community facilities, offices, recreation centres, libraries and civic centres.
Figure 11 displays the total scheme water consumption for all City buildings from 2011/12 to 2015/16. 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 70,000 72,000 74,000 76,000 78,000 80,000 82,000 84,000 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 Year kL per capita Consumption (kL) Water Consumption (kL) kL per capita Figure 11: Total Corporate Scheme Water Consumption 2011/12 to 2015/16. 20 DoW (2012)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 21 Irrigation controller at Santa Ana Park (Currambine) Irrigation testing at Iluka District Open Space (Currambine)
22 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 The City has made a concerted effort to reduce scheme water use.
However, population growth and new or upgraded facilities such as the City of Joondalup Leisure Centre – Craigie upgrade in 2010/11, has influenced the City’s overall scheme water use. The increase in scheme water consumption during 2013/14 can be attributed to Perth experiencing well below average summer rainfall with above average maximum temperature resulting in Perth experiencing its fifth driest summer since 187621 . The 2015 winter was Perth’s ninth driest winter on record, followed by Perth’s fifth driest spring,22 which could have influenced the City’s scheme water consumption during 2015/16.
The City provides a broad range of services and owns a number of facilities across numerous different building groups. This includes buildings which are owned and operated by the City as well as City owned buildings which are leased to community groups. In some leased buildings the City is responsible for the water usage accounts and in others, the lessee is responsible for water usage accounts. City leased buildings where the lessee is responsible for their own water usage accounts, have not been included as part of the Plan. Over the past five year period, City leased buildings (excluding City leased buildings responsible for their own water accounts), have accounted for 30% of the total Corporate Scheme water usage as displayed in Figure 12.
The water consumption figures provided throughout this Plan are based on the most up to date data available at the time. This includes actual data collected through billing information plus minor estimated components. Any water consumption data provided in subsequent reporting will incorporate any minor amendments made to the consumption figures. Figure 13 indicates that the City’s highest scheme water consumers for City owned and operated facilities are the Aquatic centre (City of Joondalup Leisure Centre – Craigie), followed by change rooms and toilets facilities and office buildings. 21 BoM (2014) 22 BoM (2016b) City Leased Facilities (30%) City Operated Facilities (70%) Figure 12: Total scheme water consumed for City leased and City operated facility groups from 2011/12 to 2015/16.
Aquatic Centre (44%) Changerooms and toilets (21%) Community Facilities (5%) Libraries (3%) Miscellaneous (1%) Offices (19%) Sporting Facilities (7%) Figure 13: Total scheme water consumption for City of Joondalup operated facility group types from 2011/12 to 2015/16.
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 23 Scheme water usage over the last five year period has varied amongst the building and facility groups owned and operated by the City as demonstrated in Figure 14. Variation in water usage within these facilities can be attributed to an increase or decrease in facility usage by the local community as well as additional infrastructure being built or retrofitting of existing facilities within the City.
Figure 15 above indicates that the City’s highest scheme water consumers for City leased facilities are the sporting facilities, community facilities and multiple use buildings.
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 Aquatic Centre Changerooms and toilets Community Facilities Libraries Miscellaneous Offices Sporting Facilities Consumption (kL) Facilities Total 2011/2012 Total 2012/2013 Total 2013/2014 Total 2014/2015 Total 2015/2016 Figure 14: Total scheme water consumption per facility type for City of Joondalup operated facilities from 2011/12 to 2015/16. Community Facilities (20%) Education Facilities (1%) Health Facilities (1%) Multiple Use (13%) Offices and Civic Buildlings (9%) Sporting Facilities (57%) Figure 15: Total scheme water consumption per facility group type for City of Joondalup leased facilities from 2011/12 to 2015/16.
24 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 Scheme water usage over the five year period has varied amongst the City’s leased building and facility groups as demonstrated in Figure 16. Variation in water usage within these facilities can be attributed to the number of facilities leased as well as consumption by users. Water usage can be affected by additional infrastructure being built or retrofitting of facilities within the City. However, population growth and climatic conditions could also increase the City’s overall scheme water use within both City owned and operated buildings and City leased buildings.
2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 Community Facilities Health Facilities Education Facilities Offices Multiple Use Sporting Facilities Consumption (kL) Facilities Total 2011/2012 Total 2012/2013 Total 2013/2014 Total 2014/2015 Total 2015/2016 Figure 16: Scheme water consumption per facility group type for City of Joondalup leased facilities from 2011/12 to 2015/16.
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 25 City of Joondalup Leisure Centre – Craigie
26 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 Craigie Leisure Centre Works Operations Centre Percy Doyle Reserve Warwick Sports/Leisure Centre Sorrento Surf Life Saving Club Joondalup Administration Building Mullaloo Surf Life Saving Club Ocean Reef Boat Harbour Toilets and Showers/ Ocean Reef Sea Sports Woodvale Library Trappers Dr Kingsley Community Vision and Silver Chain Hillarys Animal Beach TC Joondalup Reception and Civic Chambers Consumption (kL) Facilities 2011/2012 2012/2013 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016 Figure 17 displays the City’s top 12 coprorate scheme water using facitlites from 2011/12 to 2015/16.
The top 12 facilities have remained constant over the past five years even though actual usage may have varied. The facilities are a combination of City owned and operated buildings and City leased facilities across various facility types. By far, the highest user was the City of Joondalup Leisure Centre – Craigie which includes multiple swimming pools, spa, sauna, gymnasium, change room facilities and sports courts. In 2015/16, the top 12 facilities formed 71% of the total corporate scheme water usage. Top Twelve Water Using Facilities
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 27 Currambine Community Centre (Currambine)
28 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 Oahu Park (Hillarys)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 29 2.3 Community Water Consumption 2.3.1 Groundwater Groundwater supplying community garden bores is drawn from the superficial aquifer and currently, there is no requirement for home bores within the superficial aquifer to be registered or licensed.23 There is also no measured data available on community groundwater consumption. It is estimated that there are 169,200 garden bores within the Perth Metropolitan Area.24 The DoW has developed the Groundwater Atlas to map areas that are suitable for garden bores.
An area can be deemed unsuitable due to water quality concerns or potential impacts to waterways, groundwater dependent ecosystems or acid sulphate soils. Garden bores are encouraged by the State Government because they can reduce demand on scheme water resources by proving a fit for purpose water source.
Availability of the groundwater for residential garden bores is dependent on rainfall to recharge the shallow superficial aquifer and due to the drying climate, sprinkler restrictions have applied to residential garden bores during winter months since 2010. 23 Department of Environment (2004) 24 Water Corporation (2013)
30 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 2.3.2 Scheme Water All scheme water is supplied to the City of Joondalup via the Integrated Water Supply System (IWSS) which is sourced from a combination of groundwater, surface water and desalination resources.25 This is treated at local groundwater treatment plants to drinking water quality.
The residential sector accounts for 71% of the water consumption, 39% of which is used for irrigation.26 The average annual water usage per person in the Perth region has decreased from 191kL in 2001 to 126kL per person in 2015. This is a reduction of 34% and is well on track to achieving the Water Corporation’s Water Forever 2030 target of 125kL per person.27 The Water Corporation has implemented a number of strategies to reduce community water consumption across Perth, including enforcing water restrictions and watering days, the H2O Assist™ Program, Fresh Water Thinking Campaign and providing information about saving water around the home and garden on the Water Corporation website.
25 DoW (2012) 26 Water Corporation (2010) 27 Water Corporation (2015a) City of Joondalup Sustainable Gardens Workshop at Currambine Community Centre
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 31 The City’s total community scheme water consumption includes residential, commercial and trade scheme water. Total community scheme water usage for the City of Joondalup has decreased over the past five years, with the exception of 2013/14 (see Figure 18). Climatic conditions may have contributed to this increase as the summer of 2013/14 had well below average rainfall and above average maximum temperatures across the Perth region.
The City’s community scheme water usage was 20,075,112kL with an estimated resident population of 160,05329 for 2010/11 (125kL per capita) and 18,981,393kL with an estimated resident population of 167,65330 for 2014/15 (113kL per capita). The water consumption figures provided throughout this Plan are based on the most up to date data available at the time. In 2014/15, the City of Joondalup average water consumption per household was 288kL which is an overall decrease of 26.6kL per household since 2010/11. However, the City’s average household scheme water consumption remains higher than the Perth average for household scheme water consumption, which has decreased from 276kL32 in 2010/11 to 254kL in 2014/1533 (see Figure 19).
106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 18200,000 18,400,000 18,600,000 18,800,000 19,000,000 19,200,000 19,400,000 19,600,000 19,800,000 20,000,000 20,200,000 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 kL/capita Consumption (kL) Year Water Consumption (kL) kL per capita Figure 18: City of Joondalup Community scheme water consumption from 2010/11 to 2014/15.28 28 Water Corporation (2015b) 29 Profile ID (2016) 30 Profile ID (2016) 31 Water Corporation (2015b) 32 National Water Commision(2013) 33 BoM (2015) 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Beldon Burns Beach Connolly Craigie Currambine Duncraig Edgewater Greenwood Heathridge Hillarys Iluka Joondalup Kallaroo Kingsley Kinross Marmion Mullaloo Ocean Reef Padbury Sorento Warwick Woodvale kL per household per suburb 2014/15 Perth Average Joondalup Average Consumption per household (kL) Figure 19: Household scheme water consumption by suburb for 2014/2015.31
32 City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 The top five residential suburbs for household scheme water consumption are Iluka, Woodvale, Ocean Reef, Connolly and Currambine. Iluka continues to have the highest annual consumption per unit of 357kL, which is a decrease of 40kL from 2011. Suburbs with a greater number of high density residential dwellings recorded less water use per unit. The City will continue to run targeted campaigns for water conservation based on the analysis of suburb by suburb residential water consumption. The City will also encourage water efficiency through its Think Green Environmental Education Program and Eco Home Audits Program.
The City will continue to support community water efficiency programs implemented by State Government agencies.
Non-residential community use equates to 10% of the overall community scheme water usage. The top five non residential community water user sectors over the past five years are wholesale and retail trade, health and community services, education, finance, insurance, property and business and cultural, recreational, personal and other services. The wholesale and retail trade category remains the highest non-residential category water user sector (see Figure 20). The City will continue to use this information to target water conservation programs to specific community users through the City’s Environmental Education Program.
2.4 Corporate Water Quality Water quality also forms an integral part of water management as water of an adequate quality is also required to support water dependant ecosystems and adequate drinking water sources. Water quality can also be impacted by factors such as land use, groundwater abstraction and climate change. A significant area of the City is located within the Perth Coastal Underground Water Pollution Control Area which is classified as a Priority 3 public drinking water source area and groundwater is extracted from this area as part of the IWSS.35 The City is also located within the Yellagonga catchment and the health of the Yellagonga Regional Park and its associated wetlands is of high importance to both the local and wider communities, stakeholders and organisations responsible for managing the park.
Pollutants such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, nutrients, suspended solids and litter can enter the Park’s wetlands via stormwater runoff, groundwater flow and rainfall. Water quality monitoring is undertaken at various locations within the Yellagonga Wetlands as part of the Yellagonga Water Quality Monitoring and Improvement Project within the Yellagonga Integrated Catchment Management Plan (YICM) 2015 – 2019. This monitoring increases the understanding of contaminants entering the system and provides the required data for improved management of the area.
Water quality monitoring at coastal sites, undertaken with the primary purpose of protecting public health, indicates that contaminates and nutrients are present in marine waters. Contaminants reach the coast through existing stormwater systems that discharge into coastal areas, and through sub-marine discharges from groundwater, and can have a significant impact on coastal water quality. 2.4.1 Stormwater Management The City manages stormwater through its drainage network which consists of pipelines, side entry gullies, outfalls, sumps, leach drains, soak wells, gross pollutant traps (GPTs) and bubble-up pits.
Stormwater in the City is discharged via ocean, wetland and sump outfalls, and recharged to groundwater resources via infiltration through soakwells and drainage sumps. Wholesale and retail trade (27%) Health and community services (17%) Education (14%) Finance, insurance, property and business (13%) Cultural, recreational, personal and other services (10%) Transport and storage (8%) Hospitality (6%) Gas, electricity and water utilities (3%) Agricultural, Forrestry and Fishing (1%) Manufacturing and construction (1%) Figure 20: Non-residential community water use breakdown for 2014/2015.34 34 Water Corporation (2015b) 35 Water Corporation (2007)
City of Joondalup City Water Plan | 2016 – 2021 33 Stormwater systems traditionally collected and conveyed stormwater to water bodies, including groundwater, without any treatment. However, the City has developed a Stormwater Management Policy which incorporates the principles of water sensitive urban design into stormwater management to protect local waterways from contaminants and other pollutants. The City of Joondalup has completed an upgrade of all its outfalls in the Yellagonga Catchment as part of the implementation of the YICM Plan 2009-2014. The City has developed a Stormwater Drainage Program which provides the City with an opportunity to improve the environmental performance of stormwater management systems, and to reduce potential water quality and water quantity impacts to the local environment.
The project aims to increase the amenity of the sumps and improve the quality of water infiltrating into the groundwater systems by improving the biofiltration of the City’s sumps. New and renewal projects also provide an opportunity for the City to upgrade stormwater assets to manage increased, and more intense, storm events, as expected under climate change scenarios.
2.5 Community Water Quality Water quality can also be negatively impacted by the community through the application of fertilisers to residential gardens, waste management, vehicle use and the community’s interaction with the local waterways. The City will continue to provide water awareness programs to the local community through the City’s Environmental Education Program and Yellagonga Ecotourism and Community Awareness Program. Grand Ocean Park (Burns Beach)