Source: http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US7991188
Timestamp: 2013-05-21 17:18:05
Document Index: 194744625

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 96919405', 'Application No. 07112420', 'Application No. 96919405']

�M�Q US7991188 - Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital ... - Google �M�Q�j�M �Ϥ� �a�� Play YouTube �s�D Gmail ���ݵw�� ��h »�i���M�Q�j�M | �������� | �n�J�i���M�Q�j�M�M�QDisclosed herein are methods and systems for encoding digital watermarks into content signals. Also disclosed are systems and methods for detecting and/or verifying digital watermarks in content signals. According to one embodiment, a system for encoding of digital watermark information includes: a window...http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US7991188?utm_source=gb-gplus-share�M�Q US7991188 - Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data���}��US7991188 B2�X���������v�ӽЮѽs��11/897,791�o�G���2011�~8��2���ӽФ��2007�~8��31�� �u���v���1996�~7��2����L���}�M�Q��US7953981US20080022113US20100005308�o��HScott A. Moskowitz��M�Q�v�HWisteria Trading, Inc.Wistaria Trading, Inc. ���M�Q������382/100713/176380/51��ڱM�Q������H04L9/32G09C3/08G06K9/00 �X�@����G06T2201/0064G06T1/0028 �ڬw������G06T 1/00W2�ѦҤ��m�M�Q�ޥ� (104)�D�M�Q�ޥ� (223)�Q�H�U�M�Q�ޥ� (2)�~���s�����M�Q�ӼЧ� ���M�Q�ӼЧ��M�Q����T�� �ڬw�M�Q��Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital dataUS 7991188 B2�K�n Disclosed herein are methods and systems for encoding digital watermarks into content signals. Also disclosed are systems and methods for detecting and/or verifying digital watermarks in content signals. According to one embodiment, a system for encoding of digital watermark information includes: a window identifier for identifying a sample window in the signal; an interval calculator for determining a quantization interval of the sample window; and a sampler for normalizing the sample window to provide normalized samples. According to another embodiment, a system for pre-analyzing a digital signal for encoding at least one digital watermark using a digital filter is disclosed. According to another embodiment, a method for pre-analyzing a digital signal for encoding digital watermarks comprises: (1) providing a digital signal; (2) providing a digital filter to be applied to the digital signal; and (3) identifying an area of the digital signal that will be affected by the digital filter based on at least one measurable difference between the digital signal and a counterpart of the digital signal selected from the group consisting of the digital signal as transmitted, the digital signal as stored in a medium, and the digital signal as played backed. According to another embodiment, a method for encoding a watermark in a content signal includes the steps of (1) splitting a watermark bit stream; and (2) encoding at least half of the watermark bit stream in the content signal using inverted instances of the watermark bit stream. Other methods and systems for encoding/decoding digital watermarks are also disclosed.
This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/674,726, filed Jul. 2, 1996, entitled ��Exchange Mechanisms for Digital Information Packages with Bandwidth Securitization, Multichannel Digital Watermarks, and Key Management��; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/999,766, filed Jul. 23, 1997, entitled ��Steganographic Method and Device��; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/046,627, filed Mar. 24, 1998, entitled ��Method for Combining Transfer Function with Predetermined Key Creation�� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,162); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/053,628, filed Apr. 2, 1998, entitled ��Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking�� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,205,249); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/281,279, filed Mar. 30, 1999, entitled ��Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection, and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digital Data�� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,522,767); U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/169,274, filed Dec. 7, 1999, entitled ��Systems, Methods And Devices For Trusted Transactions��; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/456,319, filed Dec. 8, 1999, entitled ��Z-Transform Implementation of Digital Watermarks�� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,853,726); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/545,589, filed Apr. 7, 2000, entitled ��Method and System for Digital Watermarking�� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,166); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/594,719, filed Jun. 16, 2000, entitled ��Utilizing Data Reduction in Steganographic and Cryptographic Systems�� (which is a continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT/US00/06522, filed Mar. 14, 2000, which PCT application claimed priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/125,990, filed Mar. 24, 1999) (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,123,718); International Application No. PCT/US00/21189, filed Aug. 4, 2000(which claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/147,134, filed Aug. 4, 1999, and to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/213,489, filed Jun. 23, 2000, both of which are entitled, ��A Secure Personal Content Server��), U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/657,181, filed Sep. 7, 2000, entitled ��Method And Device For Monitoring And Analyzing Signals��; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/234,199, filed Sep. 20, 2000, entitled ��Improved Security Based on Subliminal and Supraliminal Channels For Data Objects�� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,127,615); and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/671,739, filed Sep. 29, 2001, entitled ��Method And Device For Monitoring And Analyzing Signals,�� U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/731,039 entitled ��System and Method for Permitting Open Access to Data Objects and For Securing Data Within the Data Objects,�� filed Dec. 7, 2000(issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,177,429); and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/731,040 entitled ��Systems, Methods and Devices for Trusted Transactions, �� filed Dec. 7, 2000 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,159,116). The previously identified patents and/or patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference, in their entireties.
In addition, this application hereby incorporates by reference, as if fully stated herein, the disclosures of U.S. Pat. No.5,613,004��Steganographic Method and Device��; U.S. Pat. No. 5,745,569 ��Method for Stega-Cipher Protection of Computer Code��; U.S. Pat. No. 5,889,868 ��Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection, and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digitized Data��; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,078,664, entitled ��Z-Transform Implementation of Digital Watermarks.��
Presumably, the commercial value of some works will dictate some level of piracy not detectable in practice and deemed ��reasonable�� by rights holders given the overall economic return. For example, there will always be fake $100 bills, LEVI'S.RTM. jeans, and Gucci.RTM. bags, given the sizes of the overall markets and potential economic returns for pirates in these markets--as there also will be unauthorized copies of works of music, operating systems (Windows.RTM. 95, etc.), video and future multimedia goods.
(or ��=20log[(3/2).sup.1/2(2.sup.n)]��)
To facilitate understanding how this does not cause audible artifacts, consider the meaning of such encoding in terms of the S/E ratio. In a normal 16-bit signal, there is a 98 dB S/E according to the equation S/E=6.02n+1.76. Consider that the encoding of watermark information looks like any other error, except it moves beyond the quantization level, out of the LSBs. If the error is of a magnitude expressed in bits, for example, 8 bits, then at that moment, the signal effectively drops to 8 bits (16-8). This corresponds to a momentary drop in S/E, referred to herein as the momentary S/E. Yet, these errors are relatively few and far between and therefore, since the signal is otherwise comprised of higher-bit samples, a ��Perceived S/E�� may be derived which is simply the weighted average of the samples using the ��Pure S/E�� (the samples without watermark information) and those with the Momentary S/E. As a direct consequence, it may be observed that as the watermark map becomes more sparse, the number of errors introduced in a given range is reduced, and the higher the perceived S/E. It also helps that the error is random, and so over time, appears as white noise, which is relatively unobtrusive. In general, it is observed that as long as introduced errors leave resulting samples within an envelope in the sample window described by minimum and maximum values, before error introduction, and the map is sufficiently sparse, the effects are not perceived.
Highly redundant error codes and interleaving might create a buffer against burst errors introduced into digital watermarks through randomization attacks. A detailed description follows from the nature of a digitization system�Xbinary data can be corrected or concealed when errors exist. Random bit errors and burst errors differ in their occurrence: Random bit errors are error bits occurring in a random manner, whereas burst errors may exist over large sequences of the binary data comprising a digitized signal. Outside the scope of the present invention are errors caused by physical objects, such as dust and fingerprints, that contribute to the creation of dropouts are different from the errors addressed herein.
Given that a recording contains noise, whether due to watermarks or not, a restoration which ��removes�� such noise is likely to result in the changing of some bit of the watermark message. Therefore, by inverting every other watermark, it is possible to insure that the very act of such corrections inverts enough watermark bits to create an inverse watermark. This inversion presupposes that the optimized watermark insertion is not truly optimal, given the will of a determined pirate to remove watermarks from particularly valuable content.
So, C″.sub.w(t) (an estimate of C��.sub.w(t) given C″.sub.w(t) and S��.sub.w(t)) may be obtained. Once C″.sub.w(t) is calculated, it is simply subtracted from C.sub.w(t). This yields S��.sub.w(t) C.sub.w(t)-C″.sub.w(t). If the watermark is robust enough, and the estimate good enough, then S��.sub.w(t), which is approximately equal to S.sub.w(t), can be processed to extract the watermark. It is simply a matter of attempting watermark decoding against a set of likely encoding key candidates.
In addition to the embodiments discussed above, in the same manner that the signal to be watermarked, or scrambled, may be separated in time (from the beginning to the end of the signal) into streams, as disclosed in the copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/594,719, entitled ��Utilizing Data Reduction in Steganographic and Cryptographic Systems,�� additional processing may occur prior to the actual embedding of the watermark (��preprocessing��) as well as after each instance of watermark embedding (��postprocessing��). The pre- and post-processing may be used to optimize the actual embedding process.
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