Source: http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/8530993.html
Timestamp: 2018-07-22 12:47:07
Document Index: 154869199

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 08746379', 'Application No. 11008006', 'Application No. 08746379', 'Application No. 11008006', 'Application No. 08746379', 'Art. 94', 'Art. 94']

Materials, systems and methods for optoelectronic devices - Patent # 8530993 - PatentGenius
8530993 Materials, systems and methods for optoelectronic devices
U.S. Class: 257/440; 257/226; 257/229; 257/232; 257/E27.132; 257/E27.139; 257/E31.111; 438/73; 438/80
Field Of Search: 257/440; 257/226; 257/229; 257/232; 257/E31.111; 257/E27.132; 257/E27.139; 438/73; 438/80
Foreign Patent Documents: 2432015; 2328338; 2011528865; WO-2008131313; WO-2008131313; WO-2009129540; WO-2010082955; WO-2011156507
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1. A photodetector comprising: at least two optically sensitive layers, a first optically sensitive layer and a second optically sensitive layer, the first opticallysensitive layer over at least a portion of an integrated circuit and the second optically sensitive layer over the first optically sensitive layer; wherein the first optically sensitive layer comprises a first absorption band including at least onefirst set of colors and is devoid of a local absorption maximum, and the second optically sensitive layer comprises a second absorption band including at least one second set of colors and is devoid of a local absorption maximum, wherein the secondabsorption band includes the first set of colors; wherein each optically sensitive layer is interposed between a respective first electrode and a respective second electrode; and wherein the integrated circuit selectively applies a bias to theelectrodes and reads signals from the optically sensitive layers.
2. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the second optically sensitive layer is relatively completely absorbent of light in a first wavelength interval and relatively completely transmissive of light outside the first wavelength interval.
3. The photodetector of claim 2, wherein the first optically sensitive layer is relatively completely absorbent of the light outside the at least one first wavelength interval.
4. The photodetector of claim 3, wherein the first optically sensitive layer is relatively completely absorbent of light in the first wavelength interval.
5. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein each of the optically sensitive layers comprises nanocrystals of a material having a bulk bandgap of less than approximately 0.5 eV.
6. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 490 nm wavelength.
7. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap of approximately 2.5 eV.
8. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 560 nm wavelength.
9. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap of approximately 2.2 eV.
10. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap of approximately 1.8 eV.
11. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap of approximately 1.2 eV.
12. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap of approximately 0.9 eV.
13. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap of approximately 0.7 eV.
14. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 630 nm wavelength.
15. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 650 nm wavelength.
16. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 670 nm wavelength.
17. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 700 nm wavelength.
18. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 800 nm wavelength.
19. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 900 nm wavelength.
20. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 1000 nm wavelength.
21. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 1300 nm wavelength.
22. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 1650 nm wavelength.
23. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 3 um wavelength.
24. The photodetector of claim 5, wherein the nanocrystals of at least one optically sensitive layer are quantum confined to a bandgap corresponding to 5 um wavelength.
25. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein an optical sensitivity of at least one optically sensitive layer is at an intensity of light less than approximately 1 lux is more than twice the optical sensitivity of the optically sensitive materialat an intensity of light of at least 100 lux.
26. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the optical sensitivity of at least one optically sensitive layer at an intensity of light less than approximately 1 lux is more than ten times the optical sensitivity of the optically sensitivematerial at an intensity of light of at least 100 lux.
27. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the optical sensitivity of at least one optically sensitive layer is more than 1000 mV/lux-s at relatively low light levels and less than 500 mV/lux-s at relatively high light levels.
28. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the optical sensitivity of at least one optically sensitive layer is more than 2000 mV/lux-s at relatively low light levels and less than 400 mV/lux-s at relatively high light levels.
29. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the optical sensitivity of at least one optically sensitive layer is more than 3000 mV/lux-s at relatively low light levels and less than 300 mV/lux-s at relatively high light levels.
30. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the first optically sensitive layer comprises a first material having a first thickness, and the combination of the first material and the first thickness provides a first responsivity to light of afirst wavelength, wherein the second optically sensitive layer comprises a second material having a second thickness, and the combination of the second material and the second thickness provides a second responsivity to light of a second wavelength,wherein the first responsivity and the second responsivity are approximately equal.
31. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the first optically sensitive layer comprises a first material having a first thickness, and the combination of the first material and the first thickness provides a first photoconductive gain to lightof a first wavelength, wherein the second optically sensitive layer comprises a second material having a second thickness, and the combination of the second material and the second thickness provides a second photoconductive gain to light of a secondwavelength.
32. The photodetector of claim 31, wherein the first photoconductive gain and the second photoconductive gain are approximately equal.
33. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the first optically sensitive layer comprises a first material having a first thickness, and the combination of the first material and the first thickness provides a first absorbance to light of a firstwavelength, wherein the second optically sensitive layer comprises a second material having a second thickness, and the combination of the second material and the second thickness provides a second absorbance to light of a second wavelength, wherein thefirst absorbance and the second absorbance are approximately equal.
34. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein persistence of each of the optically sensitive layers is approximately equal.
35. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein persistence of each of the optically sensitive layers is approximately in a range of 1 ms to 200 ms.
36. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the first optically sensitive layer comprises a nanocrystal material having first photoconductive gain and the second optically sensitive layer comprises a nanocrystal material having a secondphotoconductive gain.
37. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein at least one of the optically sensitive layers comprises a nanocrystal material having photoconductive gain and a responsivity of at least approximately 0.4 amps/volt (A/V).
38. The photodetector of claim 37, wherein the responsivity is achieved when a bias is applied across the at least one of the optically sensitive layers, wherein the bias is approximately in a range of 1 volt to 5 volts.
39. The photodetector of claim 37, wherein the first optically sensitive layer comprises a nanocrystal material having first photoconductive gain and a first responsivity approximately in a range of 0.4 A/V to 100 A/V.
40. The photodetector of claim 39, wherein the second optically sensitive layer comprises a nanocrystal material having a second photoconductive gain and a second responsivity approximately in a range of 0.4 A/V to 100 A/V.
41. The photodetector of claim 40, wherein the second photoconductive gain is greater than the first photoconductive gain.
42. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein at least one of the optically sensitive layers includes nanocrystals comprising nanoparticles.
43. The photodetector of claim 42, wherein the nanocrystals are quantum confined to have an effective bandgap more than twice the bulk bandgap.
44. he photodetector of claim 42, wherein a nanoparticle diameter of the nanoparticles is less than a Bohr exciton radius of bound electron-hole pairs within the nanoparticle.
45. The photodetector of claim 42, wherein a first diameter of nanocrystals of the first optically sensitive layer is greater than a second diameter of nanocrystals of the second optically sensitive layer.
46. The photodetector of claim 42, wherein a first diameter of nanocrystals of the first optically sensitive layer is less than a second diameter of nanocrystals of the second optically sensitive layer.
47. The photodetector of claim 42, wherein at least one of the optically sensitive layers comprises nanocrystals of a material having a bulk bandgap of less than approximately 0.5 electronvolts (eV), and wherein the nanocrytals are quantumconfined to have a bandgap more than 1.0 eV.
48. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the first optically sensitive layer comprises a first composition including one of lead sulfide (PbS), lead selenide (PbSe), lead tellurium sulfide (PbTe), indium phosphide (InP), indium arsenide(InAs), and germanium (Ge).
49. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the second optically sensitive layer comprises a second composition including one of indium sulfide (In.sub.2S.sub.3), indium selenide (In.sub.2Se.sub.3), indium tellurium (In.sub.2Te.sub.3), bismuthsulfide (Bi.sub.2S.sub.3), bismuth selenide (Bi.sub.2Se.sub.3), bismuth tellurium (Bi.sub.2Te.sub.3), indium phosphide (InP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), silicon (Si), and germanium (Ge).
50. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein each of the optically sensitive layers comprises different compound semiconductor nanocrystals, wherein the first optically sensitive layer comprises a composition including lead and the secondoptically sensitive layer comprises a composition including one of indium and bismuth.
51. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein at least one of the optically sensitive layers comprises monodisperse nanocrystals.
52. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein each of the optically sensitive layers comprises nanocrystals of different materials.
53. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein the first optically sensitive layer includes a first material having a first bulk bandgap and the second optically sensitive layer includes a second material having a second bulk bandgap.
54. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein at least one of the optically sensitive layers comprises nanocrystals comprising colloidal quantum dots.
55. The photodetector of claim 54, wherein the quantum dots include a first carrier type and a second carrier type, wherein the first carrier type is a flowing carrier and the second carrier type is one of a substantially blocked carrier and atrapped carrier.
56. The photodetector of claim 55, wherein the colloidal quantum dots include organic ligands, wherein a flow of at least one of the first carrier type and the second carrier type is related to the organic ligands.
57. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein at least one optically sensitive layers comprises a continuous film of interconnected nanocrystal particles in contact with the respective first electrode and the respective second electrode.
58. The photodetector of claim 57, wherein the nanocrystal particles comprise a plurality of nanocrystal cores and a shell over the plurality of nanocrystal cores.
59. The photodetector of claim 58, wherein the plurality of nanocrystal cores are fused.
60. The photodetector of claim 58, wherein a physical proximity of the nanocrystal cores of adjacent nanocrystal particles provides electrical communication between the adjacent nanocrystal particles.
61. The photodetector of claim 60, wherein the physical proximity includes a separation distance of less than approximately 0.5 nm.
62. The photodetector of claim 60, wherein the electrical communication includes a hole mobility of at least approximately 1E-5 square centimeter per volt-second across the nanocrystal particles.
63. The photodetector of claim 58, wherein the plurality of nanocrystal cores are electrically interconnected with linker molecules.
64. The photodetector of claim 1, wherein at least one of the optically sensitive layers comprises a unipolar photoconductive layer including a first carrier type and a second carrier type, wherein a first mobility of the first carrier type ishigher than a second mobility of the second carrier type.
65. A photodetector comprising: an integrated circuit; and at least two optically sensitive layers, a first optically sensitive layer and a second optically sensitive layer, the first optically sensitive layer over at least a portion of theintegrated circuit and the second optically sensitive layer over the first optically sensitive layer; wherein each optically sensitive layer is interposed between two electrodes, the electrodes including a respective first electrode and a respectivesecond electrode; wherein the integrated circuit selectively applies a bias to the electrodes and reads signals from the optically sensitive layers, wherein the signal is related to the number of photons received by the respective optically sensitivelayer; and wherein the first optically sensitive layer comprises a nanocrystal material having an absorption onset at a first wavelength and the second optically sensitive layer comprises a nanocrystal material having an absorption onset at a secondwavelength, wherein the first wavelength is shorter than the second wavelength, and a local absorption maximum is absent from an absorption spectrum of at least one of the first optically sensitive layer and the second optically sensitive layer.
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