Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20060161987?dq=6,249,089
Timestamp: 2014-03-14 22:53:13
Document Index: 748502174

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 800', 'art 800', 'art 800', 'art 800', 'art 800', 'art 800', 'art 800']

Patent US20060161987 - Detecting and remedying unauthorized computer programs - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsSpyware may be detected by using a detection agent in a communications network to monitor one or more communication streams from one or more clients. An indication of spyware residing on a suspect device may be detected in one or more of the communication streams. As a result, a host may be determine...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060161987?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060161987 - Detecting and remedying unauthorized computer programsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060161987 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/321,038Publication dateJul 20, 2006Filing dateDec 30, 2005Priority dateNov 10, 2004Also published asUS20060101277, WO2006053038A1Publication number11321038, 321038, US 2006/0161987 A1, US 2006/161987 A1, US 20060161987 A1, US 20060161987A1, US 2006161987 A1, US 2006161987A1, US-A1-20060161987, US-A1-2006161987, US2006/0161987A1, US2006/161987A1, US20060161987 A1, US20060161987A1, US2006161987 A1, US2006161987A1InventorsGuy Levy-YuristaOriginal AssigneeGuy Levy-YuristaExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (1), Referenced by (14), Classifications (18), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDetecting and remedying unauthorized computer programsUS 20060161987 A1Abstract Spyware may be detected by using a detection agent in a communications network to monitor one or more communication streams from one or more clients. An indication of spyware residing on a suspect device may be detected in one or more of the communication streams. As a result, a host may be determine whether the suspect device has established a relationship with a service provider. If the suspect device has established a relationship with the service provider, a message about the spyware is transmitted to the suspect device. Images(9) Claims(18)
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Techniques are described for protecting a client system from unauthorized programs. In general, a scanner application for detecting particular unauthorized programs is maintained on a host system and periodically provided to a client system that executes the scanner application. Targeted solutions to particular types of unauthorized programs also are maintained on the host system and provided to the client system. If the scanner application detects an unauthorized program on the client system, a remedy that is targeted only to the detected unauthorized program is programmatically initiated to remedy the problem of the detected unauthorized program. The scanner application may be executed by a scanner system that scans communications in a network. Since unauthorized programs often send unauthorized communications over a network, the scanner system analyzes communications over the network to detect unauthorized programs residing on a client system. If an unauthorized program is detected, the scanner system alerts the user of the client system and provides a targeted remedy and/or instructs a host system to provide a targeted remedy. Referring to FIG. 1, a communications system 100 is capable of delivering and exchanging data between a client system 110 and a host system 120 through a delivery network 115 to help protect the client system 110 from unauthorized programs. In general, the host system 120 is capable of periodically providing to a client system 110 a scanner application 122 for detecting unauthorized programs. The scanner application 122, when stored on the client system 110, is referred to as the scanner application 112. The host system 120 also is capable of providing one or more of remedies 124A-124D for unauthorized programs targeted by the scanner application 122. Each of remedies 124A-124D may be a computer program or an application that, when executed, remedies the effects of an unauthorized program on the client system 110. When stored on the client system 110, the remedies 124 are referred to as remedies 114. For example, as shown, the remedy 124C is stored on the client system 110 as remedy 114C. The client system 110 periodically executes the scanner application 112 received from the host system 120 and, when an unauthorized program 113 is detected, the client system 110 applies a remedy 114C that is targeted for the detected unauthorized program 113. The execution of the scanner application may be triggered by the client system 110 or the host system 120. More particularly, the client system 110 may be a general-purpose computer (e.g., a personal computer, a desktop computer, or a laptop computer) capable of responding to and executing instructions in a defined manner. Other examples of the client system 110 include a special-purpose computer, a workstation, a server, a device, a component, other physical or virtual equipment, or some combination thereof capable of responding to and executing instructions. The client system 110 also may be, for example, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a communications device, such as a mobile telephone, or a mobile device that is a combination of a PDA and a communications device. The client system 110 includes a communication application 111, and the client system 110 is configured to use the communication application 111 to establish a communication session with the host system 120 over the delivery network 115. The communication application 111 may be, for example, a general-purpose browser application or another type of communication application that is capable of accessing the host system 120. In another example, the communication application 111 may be a client-side application configured to communicate only with, or through, the host system 120. The client system 110 also may include, in volatile memory (such as random access memory), the scanner application 112. The scanner application also may be referred to as a scanner program, a scanner computer program, a scanner script, or a scanner applet. The scanner application 112 may be transmitted from the host system 120 to the memory of the client system 110 and run from memory of the client system, which may eliminate the need to run a separate installation process to store the scanner application 112 in non-volatile or persistent storage of the client system. Examples of non-volatile storage include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks, and magneto-optical disks, such as Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM). By reducing, or eliminating, the need to install the scanner application 112 on non-volatile storage (e.g., a hard disk) on the client system 110, the length of time required to transmit the scanner application 112 to the client system 110 and/or complete the scanning operation may be reduced. The scanner application 112 may be stored on non-volatile storage and only transmitted to the client system 110 when the scanner application has been updated on the host system 120. This may result in saving bandwidth of the communication pathways 117 and eliminating time needed to transmit the scanner application 112 from the host system 120 when the scanner application 112 is the most current version. In some implementations, the scanner application 112 is configured to detect only unauthorized programs that are executing on the client system 110. For example, the scanner application 112 may be configured to detect only a process of an unauthorized program running in memory of the client system 110 (rather than being configured to detect the presence of an unauthorized program on non-volatile storage of the client system 110). When the scanner application is configured to search only the memory of the client system and not to search persistent storage (e.g., a hard disk a CD-ROM or a DVD) of the client system, the amount of time needed to complete a scan of the client system 110 may be reduced. In some implementations, the scanner application 112 may include unauthorized program definitions that are used to detect unauthorized programs. For example, the executable code of a scanner application may include unauthorized program definitions. Alternatively or additionally, the scanner application 112 may use definitions of unauthorized programs that are located outside of the scanner application itself. In one example, when executed, a scanner application may refer to unauthorized program definitions that are stored in memory of the client system. One example of an unauthorized program, such as unauthorized program 113, is spyware that may be transmitted to a client system, used to monitor user activity on the client system, and used to transmit the gathered information through the network connection used by the client system without the user's consent or, perhaps, even without the user's knowledge. Information gathered through the spyware may be used for advertising purposes, including providing, without the user's consent, advertisements on the client system. Spyware uses memory of the client system and consumes bandwidth of the network connection to the client system, which may result in instability or failure of the client system. Other examples of unauthorized programs include viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and keyloggers that maintain a history of key strokes entered using a keyboard or keypad of a client system. An unauthorized program may be malicious software that is intended to do harm to the client system 110 or to use the client system 110 to cause harm to another computer system or the network 115. Additionally or alternatively, the scanner application 112 may be configured to send, in response to detection of an unauthorized program 113, a message to the host system 120, which, in turn, may provide one or more of the targeted remedies 124A-124D for the unauthorized program or programs that are detected on the client system 110. In some implementations, the targeted remedies 124A-124D may be received by the client system along with the scanner application 112. In such a case, the scanner application 112 may be configured to select from among the provided targeted remedies and to apply only particular targeted remedies to remedy particular unauthorized programs detected on the client system 110. The client system 110 is configured to receive from the host system 120 one or more targeted remedies. As illustrated, the client system 110 has the targeted remedy 114C for the unauthorized program 113 stored in memory. The targeted remedy 114C is a computer program configured to remedy problems caused by the unauthorized program 113 when the targeted remedy 114C is executed by a processor or processors of the client system 110. To do so, the unauthorized program may be removed from the client system or otherwise prevented from operating. For example, the unauthorized program may be removed from memory and initiation processes may be unhooked from the client system so that the unauthorized program is not re-started later. In one example, the unauthorized program may be removed from a start-up script or process that is executed when the client system is powered on or the operating system is initiated. In some cases, the unauthorized program may be removed from non-volatile storage or otherwise completely removed from the client system 110. However, it may be more efficient, and less disruptive to a user of the client system 110, to merely disable the unauthorized program and prevent the unauthorized program from re-starting (rather than removing the unauthorized program from non-volatile storage). In some implementations, the scanner application 112 and one or more targeted remedies, such as targeted remedy 114C, may be provided together. In one example, the scanner application 112 and the targeted remedies corresponding to targeted remedies 124A-124D are included in a form-based scanner application 112 that is provided to the client system 110. Transmitting and/or executing only the needed remedy for detected unauthorized programs may help to reduce disruption of, or interference with system operation, as a result of remedying the client system. For example, by only transmitting a remedy for a particular unauthorized program or a small number of unauthorized programs, the size of the remedial computer program may be kept relatively small. A file that stores a remedial application may be small, and, as such, may be referred to as a lightweight application program or a lightweight solution. In some cases, for example, a remedial computer program may require a file size of only around 20 to 50 kilobytes. In some implementations, when an unauthorized program is identified, a message is presented to inform the user that the unauthorized program is present. The remedial solution may be provided by the host system and executed to remedy the unauthorized program automatically or only after receiving confirmation from the user of the client system. The delivery network 115 provides a direct or indirect communication link between the client system 110 and the host system 120, irrespective of physical separation. Examples of a delivery network 115 include the Internet, the World Wide Web, WANs, LANs, analog or digital wired and wireless telephone networks (e.g., PSTN (�Public Switched Telephone Network�), ISDN (�Integrated Services Digital Network�), and DSL (�Digital Subscriber Line�) including various forms of DSL such as SDSL (�Single-line Digital Subscriber Line�), ADSL (�Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop), HDSL (�High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line�), and VDSL (�Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)), radio, television, cable, satellite, and/or any other delivery mechanism for carrying data. The delivery network 115 also includes communication pathways 117 that enable the client system 110 and the host system 120 to communicate with the delivery network 115. Each of the communication pathways 117 may include, for example, a wired, wireless, virtual, cable or satellite communications pathway. As with the client system 110, the host system 120 may be implemented using, for example, a general-purpose computer capable of responding to and executing instructions in a defined manner, a special-purpose computer, a workstation, a server, a device, a component, or other equipment or some combination thereof capable of responding to and executing instructions. The host system 120 may receive instructions from, for example, a software application, a program, a piece of code, a device, a computer, a computer system, or a combination thereof, which independently or collectively direct operations, as described herein. The host system 120 includes a communications application 125 that is configured to enable the host system 120 to communicate with the client system 110 through the delivery network 115. The host system 120 may be a host system, such as an Internet service provider (ISP), that provides services to subscribers. The host system 120 may be configured to provide the scanner application 122 to the client system 110 based on establishment of a communication session between the client system 110 and the host system 120. In addition, the scanner application is maintained�that is, updated to search for different types of unauthorized program�on the host system 120, which may help to reduce or eliminate the need for a user to take action to scan for unauthorized programs and/or to update the scanner application or definitions used by the scanner application to identify unauthorized programs. The host system also may be configured to provide remedial applications 124A-124D to the client system 110 to be executed when a particular unauthorized program is detected on the client system 110. In some implementations, the host system 120 may be configured to provide all of the targeted remedies 124A-124D to the client system 110. Alternatively or additionally, the host system 120 may be configured to receive, from the scanner application 112 executing on the client system 110, an indication identifying one or more unauthorized programs and to provide to the client system 110 one or more of the targeted remedies 124A-124D that correspond to the one or more indicated unauthorized programs. In some implementations, the host system 120 may include user-specific configuration information 126 that stores configuration settings preferred by a user and associated with the user's account. User preferences may be set or otherwise configured for a user account or a particular client system to control scanning and remediation of detected unauthorized programs. For example, a user account may be configured to scan only after a user confirms that a scan should occur. In another example, a user account may be configured to display a message reporting that an unauthorized program is detected or to identify a particular unauthorized program that is detected. In yet another example, a user account may be configured to run automatically (i.e., without user confirmation) a solution (e.g., a computer program that is a targeted remedy) that remedies the detected unauthorized program or to run the solution to remedy the detected unauthorized program only after confirmation by a user. In another example, a comprehensive remedy 128 for unauthorized programs may be available from the host system 120 in addition to the targeted remedies 124A-124D for particular unauthorized programs. User-specific configuration settings 126 may include an indication of a user preference for scanning for one or more of unauthorized programs for which a targeted remedy is available or for scanning for unauthorized programs for which targeted remedies and comprehensive remedies are available. In the example of FIG. 1, the client system is a client system of a subscriber to an Internet service provider (here, the host system 120). The scanner application 122 targets a limited number of unauthorized programs that are thought to be common in the ISP context (such as programs identified by the host system 120, programs thought to be common on the Internet in general, or programs thought to be common from popular Internet sites that subscribers to the host system 120 commonly visit) and/or thought to be disruptive to a user's experience, such as programs that cause disconnections between the client system 110 and the host system 120 or use bandwidth that interferes with the user's experience when connected to the host system 120. In other examples, unauthorized programs may be targeted based on their redirection of client-initiated requests to unintended web sites, their ability to cause communication application crashes in the address space of the communication application, and their display, on the client system, of content or advertisements based on client activity that occurs on the host system 120. In a context of an Internet access provider or other service provider, a scanner application 122 may be transmitted to the client system 110 to identify spyware and other types of unauthorized programs each time a client system 110 is used to sign into the host system 120 of the Internet access or service provider. Once resident on the client system 110, the scanner application 122 (which is stored as a scanner application 112) may be run periodically throughout the communication session. In one example, the scanner application 112 may be run every 10-20 minutes. Additionally or alternatively, the scanner application 112 may be run in response to a triggering event other than the passage of time. For example, the scanner application 112 may be run in response to a particular application being run on the host or a visit to a particular web site. In some implementations, the scanner application 112 and/or unauthorized program definitions used by the scanner application 112 also may be transmitted periodically throughout the communication session or based on a triggering event detected during the communication session. In another example, the scanner application 122 and/or one or more unauthorized program definitions may be transmitted in response to the receipt of an indication that the scanner application 112 and/or one or more of the unauthorized program definitions have been changed. Transmitting the scanner application 112 and/or unauthorized program definitions during the communication session may help to ensure that the client system is using the most recent scanner application and unauthorized program definitions. In some implementations, the scanner application 112 may be configured to search for a subset of known unauthorized programs in the context of a particular environment. For example, in the context of an Internet service provider, the scanner application may be designed to identify a subset of known unauthorized programs based on the degree of interference of the unauthorized program on a subscriber's communication session. In one particular example, an unauthorized program that results in a high frequency of disconnections or other types of disruptions to a communication session may be selected for the scanner application 112 over other unauthorized programs that may not be as common or as disruptive as the selected unauthorized program. By limiting unauthorized programs for which the scanner application searches, the file size of the scanner application may be reduced and, in some implementations, may be small, which, in turn, may reduce the amount of time needed to download the scanner application from the host system to the client system. A small scanner application may be referred to as a lightweight application. In some cases, for example, a scanner application may be as small as 5 to 20 kilobytes. A lightweight scanner application may be useful, for example, in that the length of time required to download the scanner application and complete the scanning operation may be short, which, in turn, may help to reduce the impact of the scanner application on the user of the client system. In some cases, for example, the user of the client system may be unaware that the scanner application is being downloaded and/or is scanning the client system. This may be true, for example, when the scanner application is a lightweight application that only scans the memory of the client system for a limited number of unauthorized program types or forms. The host-based nature of the techniques for protecting a client system from unauthorized programs may be useful. For example, the scanner application may be dynamically changed on the host system and provided to multiple client systems without necessarily requiring action on the part of a client system user. This may enable a scanner application to be more tightly focused on unauthorized programs found in a particular computing environment. For example, an Internet service provider or other type of host system provider may be able to identify unauthorized programs that pose a significant threat to subscribers of the service and to target the identified unauthorized programs in a host-based scanner application. In another example, scanner application updates, updated unauthorized program definitions and/or updated remedial solutions may be automatically provided by the host system (e.g., the updates are pushed to the client system without requiring user manipulation of the client system), which may help better protect a client system from unauthorized programs. In some implementations, multiple targeted scanner applications may be made available and provided based on an environmental factor or context of the client system. In one example, different targeted scanner application may be provided for different geographic regions, such as for different groups of countries (e.g., Pacific Rim, Europe, and South America) or different regions within a country (e.g., a northeastern region of the United States). In another example, a client system that is used by a first user who frequently visits web sites that are known to be origins of particular unauthorized programs may receive a different targeted scanner application than a client system that is used by a second user who does not visit the same web sites as visited by the first user. FIG. 2 illustrates a process 200 for detecting and providing a remedy for an unauthorized program. The process 200 may be performed by a client system that is executing a scanner application targeted for particular unauthorized programs, and, generally, a limited number of such unauthorized programs. In one example, a client system executing process 200 may be the client system 110 of FIG. 1 and may be engaged in a communication session with the host system 120. The client system executing the process 200 may be used by a subscriber of an Internet access or service provider of the host system. In such a case, the process 200 may begin, for example, when a user of the client system signs on to the host system, which, in turn, transmits the scanner application to the client system. The client system may receive the scanner application and use a processor or processors to execute the scanner application without necessarily storing the scanner application in non-volatile storage. In any case, a scanner application executing on a processor or processors of a client system may perform the process 200. The processor scans the memory of the client system for unauthorized programs that are targeted by the scanner application (215). In some cases, the targeted unauthorized programs are programs that are thought to be common or to be particularly disruptive to a user of the client system. In general, the unauthorized programs that are targeted do not include all unauthorized programs for which scanning is available through a more comprehensive scanner application that also may be available to the client system. To scan the memory of the client system, the processor may search for definitions of unauthorized programs. When scanning memory, the processor may look for particular process names that are running in memory to identify an unauthorized program that corresponds to a process name. In another example, the processor may look for a particular signature in memory that uniquely identifies an application. A signature of an application may be generated using a well-known or standardized process or algorithm designed to generate a unique signature. One example of such a signature is a MD5 hash signature. The processor may generate a MD5 hash signature for each application running in memory and look for match to a MD5 hash signature that is known to identify a particular unauthorized program. In another example, the processor may scan memory for particular identifiers that are assigned by an operating system producer or vendor to authors of applications designed to run using the operating system. For example, each plug-in application for a version of the Windows� operating system from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington is assigned a �class id� by Microsoft Corporation. To detect an unauthorized program, the processor may scan memory for particular class ids that are known to correspond to unauthorized programs. The processor may use MD5 hash signatures, class ids, process names or other types of process or application identifiers to scan memory to detect unauthorized programs. The processor also may scan well-known �activation� points in a computer system where an unauthorized program that is not necessarily currently running in memory may be detected. For example, an activation point may be a start-up folder that identifies programs or processes to be started automatically each time an operating system is started or may be a pluggable module that is automatically started when a browser is started. Scanning activation points may help to improve performance and may help to detect an unauthorized program that may not be currently running in memory. In some implementations, definitions of the unauthorized programs may be included within the scanner application itself and/or, alternatively or additionally, the definitions of the unauthorized programs (e.g., the process names, class ids, or MD5 hash signatures for which to look in memory) may be stored separately, such as in a file or other type of list that is used by the scanner application. A list of unauthorized programs may be referred to as a blacklist. When one or more unauthorized programs are detected (220), the processor identifies a targeted remedy for each of the detected unauthorized programs (225) and applies each of the targeted remedies (230). To do so, the processor may identify an association of a targeted remedy, such as a name and address of a computer program that, when executed, disables (or otherwise remedies the problems caused by) a detected unauthorized program. In one example, the processor may look up, on a blacklist, a targeted remedy that is associated with a detected unauthorized program. In another example, the scanner application itself may include information to initiate the execution of a remedy that is targeted to the detected unauthorized program. When applied, the targeted remedy may disable the unauthorized program from current and later operation, such as by removing the unauthorized program from memory and disabling any identified hooks that would otherwise enable the unauthorized program to be re-started later. The targeted remedy also may completely remove the unauthorized program from the client system, such as by removing (or making inaccessible) the unauthorized program from non-volatile storage of the client system. The processor may provide feedback about scanning results (235). For example, the processor may present a message on the client system informing a user of the client system of the detection and/or removal of one or more unauthorized programs. In another example, the processor may send an indication of the unauthorized programs, if any, that were detected and whether any detected unauthorized programs were disabled. This information may be useful to help providers of a targeted scanner application select unauthorized programs to be included in the targeted scanner application. In some implementations, the processor monitors the environment for a scanning trigger (240) and, when a scanning trigger is detected (245), repeats the scanning of the memory of the client system (215) and continues the process 200. Examples of scanning triggers include passage of a predetermined amount of time, request to access a particular web site or application, or a request to access a web site that is external to a host system that provided the scanner application. Whether the environment is monitored for a scanning trigger may be controlled by user or programmatic configuration such that some client systems are monitored and other client systems are not monitored. FIG. 3 shows an exemplary graphical user interface 300 for a communications system capable of enabling a user to set user preferences for detecting unauthorized programs. In general, the user interface 300 enables a user to select a preference to control which unauthorized programs are to be blocked and to set notification preferences that identify the types of messages presented when a client system is scanned. More particularly, the user interface 300 includes an account identification window 310 that identifies the user account for which scanning preferences identified in the user interface 300 are to be applied. The user interface 300 also includes a window 320 that presents one or more blocking options 322A, 322B or 322C that are selectable through controls 324. As shown, the control 324A is selected such that the blocking option 322A is to be applied to the user account identified by the user account window 310. As illustrated, the blocking options 322A, 322B and 322C are mutually exclusive�that is, only one of the blocking options 322A, 322B or 322C may be selected. Each of the blocking options 322A, 322B or 322C indicates how, if at all, unauthorized programs are scanned for and disabled. In particular, blocking option 322A represents automatically blocking unauthorized programs that are selected in a window 326 and scanning for other unauthorized programs, but not disabling other unauthorized programs until user confirmation is received to disable any other detected unauthorized programs. Here, the window 326 identifies unauthorized programs 327A, 327B, 327C and 327D, each of which may be selected through one of controls 328. As illustrated, any of the unauthorized programs 327A, 327B, 327C and 327D may be selected�that is, none, one, or more than one of the unauthorized programs 327A, 327B, 327C and 327D may be selected. Blocking option 322B represents scanning for any unauthorized programs but not disabling any detected unauthorized programs (even programs identified in the window 326) until user confirmation is received to disable one or more of the detected unauthorized programs. Blocking option 322C represents a preference to not scan the client system for any unauthorized programs. The user interface 300 also includes a window 340 that presents notification options 342A or 342B, each of which may be selected using controls 344. The notification option 342A indicates a preference for display of a message each time a program is blocked. For example, the name of an unauthorized program that is detected and disabled may be displayed. Similarly, the notification option 342B indicates a preference to display a message when scanning is occurring. For example, a message may be displayed that indicates a scanner application is operating and/or performing a scan. A user is able to indicate, using controls 344, whether the user prefers to be notified as indicated by each notification preference 342A and/or 342B. The user interface 300 may include a window 350 that presents scanning-trigger options 352A, 352B and 352C, each of which may be selected through one of controls 354 to be applied to the user account identified by window 310. Each of the scanning-trigger options 352A, 352B and 352C represents a trigger that may be selected to initiate the scanning preference identified in window 320. The option 352A represents scanning for the unauthorized programs identified in window 320 when a user uses the user account identified in window 310 to access a host system or service. The option 352B indicates a selectable preference to scan for unauthorized programs identified in window 320 periodically when a predetermined time criterion identified in field 353 has passed since the last scan was performed. Here, the option 352B represents a preference to initiate a scan every fifteen minutes. The option 352C indicates a selectable preference to initiate a scan for the unauthorized programs identified in window 320 after the user visits a web site that is external to the host system or service to which the user account identified in window 310 applies. The user interface 300 also includes a save control 362 to persistently store the preferences identified in the user interface 300 and remove the interface 300 from the display, and a cancel control 364 to remove the interface 300 without saving the newly identified preferences. FIG. 4 depicts another process 400 for detecting and providing a remedy for an unauthorized program. In contrast to process 200 of FIG. 2, the process 400 includes detecting and disabling unauthorized programs for which a targeted remedy is available as well as detecting and disabling unauthorized programs for which a more comprehensive remedy is available. The process 400 is performed by a processor executing a scanner application. The process 400 may begin when a scanner application is provided by a host system to a client system. The processor scans client memory for unauthorized programs (415). This may be accomplished as described previously with respect to operation 215 of FIG. 2. When an unauthorized program is detected (420), the processor determines whether a targeted remedy is available for the detected unauthorized program (425). This may be accomplished, for example, by looking up an identifier for an unauthorized program on a list of unauthorized programs for which targeted remedies are available. When a targeted remedy is available for the detected unauthorized programs (425), the processor may obtain a targeted remedy for the detected unauthorized program (430). This may be accomplished, for example, by sending a message to the host system to obtain a targeted remedy for an unauthorized program or programs. In some instances, the targeted remedy may be available on the client system and, if so, the processor need not necessarily obtain the targeted remedy. The processor then applies the targeted remedy for each of the detected unauthorized programs for which a targeted remedy is available (435). For example, the processor may initiate a computer program that includes instructions for remedying the effects of the detected unauthorized program. When a targeted remedy is not available for the detected unauthorized program (425), the processor determines whether a comprehensive remedy is available for the detected unauthorized program (440). To do so, the processor may search a list that indicates whether a comprehensive remedy is available for particular unauthorized programs. The list may be the same list as the list that indicates whether a targeted remedy is available for unauthorized programs, though this need not necessarily be so. When a comprehensive remedy is available, the processor may obtain the comprehensive remedy for the detected unauthorized program (445). Typically, obtaining a comprehensive remedy may be a more involved process than obtaining a targeted remedy. For example, obtaining a comprehensive remedy may include transmitting from a host system to the client system one or more large computer programs that include comprehensive remedies for many unauthorized programs. In some implementations, the obtained comprehensive remedy may include remedies for a large number of unauthorized programs and/or may include more complex remedies, such as remedies that delete computer programs stored on non-volatile storage of the client system. After the comprehensive remedy is obtained, the processor applies the comprehensive remedy for the detected unauthorized program or programs (450). In some implementations, the processor may optionally scan non-volatile storage for unauthorized programs (455 and 460). For example, a user may be permitted to set a preference to indicate whether non-volatile storage is scanned in addition to memory of the client system. When an unauthorized program is detected (420) and a targeted remedy is available (425), the processor may obtain and apply the targeted remedy, as previously described (430 and 435). Similarly, when an unauthorized program is detected (420) and a comprehensive remedy is available (440), the processor may obtain and apply the comprehensive remedy, as previously described (445 and 450). The processor optionally may provide feedback about scanning results (465), monitor the environment for a scanning trigger or triggers (470) and, when a scanning trigger is detected (475), scan the memory of the client system for unauthorized programs (415) and continue as previously described. In some implementations, a targeted scanner application and a comprehensive scanner application may be provided from a host system. The targeted scanner application may scan for only unauthorized programs for which a targeted remedy is available. In contrast, the comprehensive scanner application may scan for unauthorized programs for which a comprehensive remedy is available. In some implementations, an unauthorized program for which a targeted remedy is available may also have available a comprehensive remedy that may be the same as, or different from, the targeted remedy for the unauthorized program. FIG. 5 is another exemplary graphical user interface 500 for a communications system capable of enabling a user to set user preferences for detecting unauthorized programs. In general, the user interface 500 enables a user to select a preference to control which unauthorized programs are to be blocked and to set notification preferences that identify the types of messages presented when a client system is scanned. In contrast with the user interface 300 of FIG. 3, the user interface 500 enables a user to set preferences for using a targeted scanner application and a comprehensive scanner application as well as to control the types of components of the client system that are scanned. The user interface 500 includes several components in common with the user interface 300. More particularly, the user interface 500 includes an account identification window 310, a notification-preference window 340, a scanning-trigger-preference window 350, a save control 362, and a cancel control 364. The user interface 500 also includes a blocking window 520 that enables a user to identify which of mutually exclusive blocking options 522A, 522B, 522C or 522D are to be applied to the user account identified by window 310. One of controls 528 may be used to indicate that a blocking option corresponding to the selected control is to be applied. As shown, control 528A is selected and, as such, indicates that option 522A is to be applied to the user account identified in the account window 310. Like the user interface 300, the window 520 enables a user to select options related to a scanner application that is targeted to unauthorized programs identified in the window 526. In addition, and in contrast with the user interface 300, the window 520 enables a user to also select options relative to additional unauthorized programs, such as remedies available in a more comprehensive client protection application. The additional unauthorized programs may require more time-consuming remedies, may require more extensive scanning to detect, may be less likely to infect a client system, or may be less disruptive to a user's experience than the unauthorized programs identified in the window 526. In particular, blocking option 522A represents automatically blocking unauthorized programs that are selected in window 526 and only scanning for other unauthorized programs once user confirmation is received. Blocking option 522B represents automatically blocking unauthorized programs that are selected in window 526 and automatically scanning for, and disabling, other unauthorized programs (without requesting user confirmation). Blocking option 522C represents a preference to only scan for unauthorized programs based on user confirmation to do so. Blocking option 522D represents a preference to not scan the client system for any unauthorized programs. The user interface 500 also includes a window 530 that presents options 532A, 532B and 532C to control which of the components of the client system are scanned. Each of the options 532A, 532B and 532C may be selected through one of controls 534. As shown, control 534A is selected and, as such, option 532A is to be applied to the user account identified by window 310. The option 532A represents a preference to scan only the memory of the client system and to do so without first receiving confirmation from the user. The option 532B represents a preference to automatically scan the memory of the client system without first getting confirmation from the user and to scan non-volatile storage components of the client system only based on user confirmation. The option 532C represents a preference to automatically scan both the memory and non-volatile storage components of the client system without first getting confirmation from the user. FIG. 6 depicts another communications system 600 capable of detecting and remedying the effects of an unauthorized computer program on a client system. The communications system 600 is capable of delivering and exchanging data between a client system 110 and a host system 120 through a delivery network 115 and communication paths 117. A scanner system 610 is capable of monitoring the communication over the network 115 to help protect the client system 110 from unauthorized programs. In general, the scanner system 610 is capable of constantly or periodically monitoring the communication over the network 115 (e.g., communication between client system 110 and host system 120) and vice versa to detect unauthorized programs. The client system 110 and the host system 120 generally have components and perform functions similar to the client system 110 and host system 120, as described with reference to FIG. 1. One difference, however, is that the client system 110 does not run the scanner application. Instead, the scanner system 610 performs the scanning function to detect unauthorized programs on the client system 110 based on communications over the network 115. This may reduce the computing resources the client system 110 needs to spend on detecting unauthorized programs and provide more efficient detection of unauthorized programs. The scanner system 610 continuously or periodically executes a scanner application 612 and, when a communication from an unauthorized program or otherwise suspicious communication is detected, the scanner system alerts the client system 110 of the presence of an unauthorized program. The scanner system 610 may offer possible remedies for removing the unauthorized program, may remedy the problem automatically, or may instruct the host system 120 to remedy the problem if the client system has a relationship with the host system. The execution of the scanner application may be continuous or triggered by the scanner system 610, the client system 110, or the host system 120. More particularly, the scanner system 610 may be a router, a switch, a hub, or another network device capable of receiving communications over a network and executing instructions. Other examples of the scanner system 610 include a special-purpose computer, a workstation, a server, a device, a component, other physical or virtual equipment or some combination thereof capable of receiving communications over a network and executing instructions. The scanner system 610 also may be a general-purpose computer (e.g., a personal computer, a desktop computer, or a laptop computer). The scanner system 610 includes a communication application 611 and a scanner application 612. The communication application 611 is capable of accessing the communication over the network. The communication application 611 may receive a communication without affecting the transmission of the communication over the network. For example, the communication application 611 may only monitor communication over the network, and may allow the communication to reach the destination in all cases. In another implementation, the communication application 611 may receive a communication and selectively forward the communication based on analysis of the scanner application 612. For example, the communication application 611 may block or hold the communication if the scanner application 612 detects that the communication was sent from an unauthorized program, such as spyware. The communication application 611 also may hold the communication if the scanner application 612 detects that the communication may have been sent from an unauthorized program or is otherwise suspicious. In this example, the communication application 611 may query the client system 110 to determine if the communication is valid. The query may occur if the client system 110 remains connected to the network or the possible unauthorized or suspicious communication may be sent if the user does not respond within a certain period of time. Based on the response to the query, the communication application 611 may block the communication, transmit the communication as originally intended, or route the communication to another system on the network. In one example, communications confirmed by the client system 110 as originating from an unauthorized program may be stored on the scanner system 610 for use by the scanner application 612 in detecting future unauthorized communications. In another example, communications confirmed by the client system 110 as originating from an unauthorized program, or otherwise identified as suspicious, may be transmitted to the host system 120 or another system on the network (e.g., another scanner system not shown), so that the other system may reference the communication to develop a more complete scanner application or more accurately detect unauthorized communications with an existing scanner application. When new communications are identified as originating from an unauthorized program, the scanner application or developer of the scanner application may derive new profiles for unauthorized programs, thereby providing more accurate scanning function. The scanner application 612 may include componentry similar to the targeted scanner application 112 described with respect to FIG. 1. The scanner application 612 analyzes the communications received by the communication application 611 to detect unauthorized programs. The scanner application 612 may detect unauthorized programs by, for example, comparing the communications over the network with communications that are known to be from an unauthorized program or that include information that historically represents unauthorized communications. Also, the scanner application 612 may detect unauthorized communications based on the user preferences or the communication habits of the client system 110. For example, if the client system 110 rarely communicates between the hours of 1 A.M. to 4 A.M., communications originating from the client system 110 during this time period are more likely to be detected as unauthorized. The scanner application 612 may be maintained and updated independently on the scanner system 610. The scanner application 612 also may be transmitted by the host system 120 to the scanner system 610 and run from the memory of the scanner system 610. For example, the host system 120 may include a targeted scanner application to detect unauthorized programs 122. The host system 120 may transmit the targeted scanner application to the scanner system 610 to detect unauthorized programs 122 when updates have been made to the scanner application. Using the host system 120 to transmit the targeted scanner application may eliminate the need to run a separate installation process to store the scanner application 612 on the scanner system 610 and may provide a more efficient mode of updating the scanner system 610. When the scanner application 612 detects an unauthorized or otherwise suspicious communication, the scanner application 612 alerts the client system 110 that an unauthorized or otherwise suspicious communication has been detected. If the scanner application 612 detects that the communication is from an unauthorized program on the client system 110, then the scanner application 612 may alert the client system 110 of the presence of the unauthorized program 113. In one implementation, the scanner application 612 only alerts the client system 110 of a detected unauthorized program if the client system has a relationship with a host system 120. When the scanner application 612 alerts the user of the client system of the presence of an unauthorized communication, the scanner application 612 also may offer suggestions or options for handling the unauthorized or otherwise suspicious communication and/or the unauthorized program. For example, the scanner application 612 may suggest to the user of the client system 110 that the user run protective software to remove the unauthorized program from the client system or suggest a resource (e.g., a host or Internet link) where the user may obtain protective software. In addition, the scanner application 612 may provide a remedy to the client system 110. In one example, the scanner system 610 may store targeted remedies 613A-613D and may provide a remedy to the client system 110 in a manner similar to how the host system 120 provided targeted remedies 124A-124D to the client system 110, as described with reference to FIG. 1. In another example, the host system 120 may store targeted remedies 124A-124D and the scanner application may instruct the host system 120 to provide a remedy to the client system 110, as described with reference to FIG. 1. In one implementation, the scanner system 610 may be configured to analyze the communication of more than one client system 110 accessing the network 115. The scanner system 610 may scan the communication from the client systems 110, and, when an unauthorized or otherwise suspicious communication and/or an unauthorized program is detected on one of the client systems 110, the scanner system 610 may alert the user or remedy the problem of that client system 110 as described above. In another implementation, multiple scanner systems 610 access the network 115. Each scanner system 610 analyzes the communication from one or more client systems 110 and alerts the user or remedies the problem when an unauthorized or otherwise suspicious communication and/or an unauthorized program is detected. The multiple scanner systems 610 may be distributed across the network based on the number of client systems or the amount of network communication that needs to be analyzed. The multiple scanner systems 610 may communicate with each other or the host system 120 to update the scanner applications 612 or exchange other information that may be useful in more accurately detecting unauthorized communication and unauthorized programs. By using multiple scanner systems 610, the amount of processing required to perform the desired scanning on each scanner system 610 may be reduced and/or a more efficient and cost effective solution may be provided. FIG. 7 shows an exemplary user interface 700 alerting a user of a client system 110 that an unauthorized program has been detected. In general, the user interface 700 alerts a user when one or more unauthorized programs have been detected on the user's system and offers remedies to address the problem. More particularly, the user interface 700 includes a display area 701 listing the unauthorized programs that have been detected on the user's system. The user interface 700 also may include command buttons 702-709, which offer the user actions that may be taken with respect to the unauthorized program. In particular, user interface 700 may include a remedy button 702. The remedy button 702 instructs the scanner system 610 to remedy the problem. The scanner system may 610 remedy the problem by sending targeted remedies or instructing the host system 120 to send targeted remedies to the client system 110. The targeted remedies are run on the client system 110 and the unauthorized program is removed. The user interface 700 also may include a run button 703. The run button 703 allows a user to run protective software that is already installed on the client system 110. For example, a user may have a preferred virus scanning software and activating the run button may be used to run the preferred virus scanning software to clean viruses or spyware from the user's system. In addition, the user interface 700 may include an install button 704. The install button 704 allows a user to download and install protective software that can be used to remove the unauthorized program from the user's system. The user interface 700 also may include a �learn more� button 705. The learn more button 705 provides the user with information about the unauthorized program. The information may include, for example, details about the unauthorized program, or information describing how the user could have obtained the unauthorized program, how the unauthorized program may be removed, and how a user may prevent unauthorized programs from being installed on the user's system in the future. The user interface 700 also may include a suggest protection button 706. The �suggest protection� button 706 may suggest software the user may acquire to remove the unauthorized program. The �suggest protection� button 706 also may suggest other protective software, such as a firewall or Trojan horse protection, that may help the user prevent unauthorized programs from being installed in the future. The �suggest protection� button 706 may provide links to where the user can install the protective software. The user interface 700 may include a �continue working� button 707. The �continue working� button 707 enables the user to ignore the warning and continue working without remedying the problem. In one example, the user may be warned again later about the presence of the unauthorized program. The user interface 700 also may include an �ignore program� button 708. The �ignore program� button 708 ignores the warning and allows the user to continue working, but also alerts the scanner system 610 that the user is not concerned with that particular program. In this case, the scanner system 610 will not provide warnings associated with that program again. Furthermore, the user interface 700 may include a �disable scanning� button 709. The �disable scanning� button 709 enables the user to disable the scanning feature so that the user no longer receives alerts from the scanner system 610. The user interface 700 also may include an �automatic remedy� check box 710. The �automatic remedy� check box 710 enables a user to specify that, when an unauthorized program is detected on the user's system, the scanner system 610 is authorized to automatically remedy the problem (i.e. perform the task as if the user selected the remedy button) without alerting the user. FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart 800 of an exemplary process by which unauthorized programs are detected and remedied. The flow chart 800 may be performed by a scanner system that is executing a scanner application for analyzing communications over a network. In one example, a scanner system executing flow chart 800 may be the scanner system 610 of FIG. 6. The operations described with respect to flow chart 800 may be run continuously to monitor communication over the network, may be initiated or halted by a client system or a host system connected to the network, or may be initiated or halted directly by the scanner system. The scanner system may receive the scanner application and use a processor or processors to execute the scanner application without necessarily storing the scanner application in non-volatile storage. In any case, a scanner application executing on a scanner system may perform the operations shown in flow chart 800 to detect the presence of unauthorized programs on another system connected to the network. The scanner system scans the network communication for unauthorized or suspicious communication (810). The scanner system monitors the communication over the network and inputs a communication stream if present. The scanner system analyzes the communication stream, if any, to determine if the communication is unauthorized or suspicious. In analyzing the communication stream, the scanner system may compare the communication to communication known to be unauthorized, may compare the communication to communication that historically has been unauthorized or suspicious, and may compare the communication to user preferences and/or user habits to determine if the communication is unauthorized or suspicious. If no communication stream is present or the communication is not found to be unauthorized or suspicious, the flow chart 800 returns to operation 810 to resume scanning the network for unauthorized or suspicious communication (815). If the communication is found to be unauthorized or suspicious (815), the scanner system analyzes the communication to determine if the communication is from an unauthorized program (820). In one implementation, the communication is compared to communications that are known to come from common unauthorized programs so as to detect a particular unauthorized program. In another implementation, if the communication does not match a communication from a known unauthorized program, the communication is analyzed based on other factors, such as historically suspicious communication or user preferences, and the presence of an unauthorized program may be detected, even though the particular unauthorized program may not be known. If the presence of an unauthorized program on a client system has been detected (825), the scanner system alerts the user of the client system about the unauthorized program (840). For example, the scanner system may alert the user of the client system of the presence of an unauthorized program using the exemplary user interface 700 of FIG. 7. Although FIG. 7 shows an exemplary user interface 700 capable of alerting the user of an unauthorized program, the user may be alerted of the presence of an unauthorized program in many ways. If the communication detected to be unauthorized or suspicious is determined not to be from an unauthorized program (825), the flow chart 800 may optionally query the user about the communication (830). This operation may involve alerting the user of the communication found to be unauthorized or suspicious and requesting the user to identify whether the communication is valid. For example, a newly created unauthorized program may have sent the communication and the scanner application may not yet be up to date and may not be able to determine that the communication is from an unauthorized program. By querying the user about the communication, the scanner application may provide more accurate detection because the user may determine that the communication is not valid and thereby identify the program as a newly created unauthorized program. In either case, the scanner application may use the response from the user to provide more accurate detection in the future. For example, the scanner application may be able to learn about and detect new unauthorized programs earlier because a user may indicate that the communication is from an unauthorized program and the scanner application can thereafter determine future occurrences of that communication are from an unauthorized program. If the user indicates the communication is valid, the scanner application may be able to recognize that future occurrences of that communication are not unauthorized or suspicious. If the user identifies the communication is not from an unauthorized program (835), scanner application continues to scan network communications (810). If the user indicates that the communication is from an unauthorized program (835), the scanner application proceeds in the same manner as if the user had been alerted of the unauthorized program. After alerting the user about the unauthorized program (or after the user indicates that the communication is from an unauthorized program), the scanner system may provide options for remedying the unauthorized program (850). For example, the scanner system may provide the user of the client system with the options shown in exemplary user interface 700 of FIG. 7. Although FIG. 7 shows an exemplary user interface 700 that provides options for responding to detection of an unauthorized program, any of those options, a combination thereof, and many other options may be presented to the user when an unauthorized program has been detected. The user may be able to select which option of remedying the unauthorized program the user desires and the user may be able to interact with an interface providing the options to gain more information about the unauthorized program and/or remedy the problem. Furthermore, when one or more unauthorized programs are detected, the scanner system optionally identifies a targeted remedy for each of the detected unauthorized programs (860) and applies each of the targeted remedies (870). To do so, the scanner system may identify an association of a targeted remedy, such as a name and address of a computer program that, when executed, disables (or otherwise remedies the problems caused by) a detected unauthorized program. In one example, the scanner system may request a host system to provide a targeted remedy to the client system. In another example, the scanner application itself may include information to initiate the execution of a remedy that is targeted to the detected unauthorized program. When applied, the targeted remedy may disable the unauthorized program from current and later operation, such as by removing the unauthorized program from memory and disabling any identified hooks that would otherwise enable the unauthorized program to be re-started later. The targeted remedy also may completely remove the unauthorized program from the client system, such as by removing (or making inaccessible) the unauthorized program from non-volatile storage of the client system. Varying degrees of automation may be used to reduce the required degree of user interaction. In one implementation enabling maximum user control, all operations require a user (e.g., a local administrator) to launch a response. In another implementation that minimizes a burden on a user, a default configuration may be used that automatically responds to indications of known spyware without requiring user interaction. Still other implementations may feature intermediate degrees of user involvement. For example, a client may dynamically develop a profile may be developed for a user based on how the user responds to messages informing the user about suspicious software. If a user consistently removes known spyware, the client may modify a profile so that known spyware is automatically removed in the future. Similarly, if the client determines that the user responds in a consistent manner to similar or even the same suspicious software, the profile may be modified so that the operation performed in the consistent manner is automatically performed. In one configuration, the user is asked to confirm the modification to the profile. In another configuration, the profile is automatically modified. Thus, if a service provider detects that a user is consistently removing various and different programs suspected of being a keystroke logger, the user's profile may be modified so that the various and different programs are removed. Although some implementations were described where a spyware detection service was offered pursuant to an agreement with a service provider (e.g., an ISP), the spyware detection service may be configured to operate in a different manner. In one implementation, the spyware detection service may be operated as a subscription-based security service. In yet another implementation, the spyware detection service may be configured to detect spyware for subscribers and nonsubscribers (or even for a large device population without any subscribers). The spyware detection service then may be configured to inform a nonsubscriber (e.g., via email or instant messaging) that the spyware detection service has an important message related to suspicious activity. The nonsubscriber receiving the important message then may engage in a transaction (e.g., pay a service fee, receive an advertisement, or register with an online service provider) to receive a more detailed report. A host then may support the nonsubscriber in removing unauthorized programs. The described systems, methods, and techniques may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of these elements. Apparatus embodying these techniques may include appropriate input and output devices, a computer processor, and a computer program product tangibly embodied in a machine-readable storage device for execution by a programmable processor. A process embodying these techniques may be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform desired functions by operating on input data and generating appropriate output. The techniques may be implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. Each computer program may be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language, or in assembly or machine language if desired; and in any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Suitable processors include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory and/or a random access memory. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM). Any of the foregoing may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, specially-designed ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits). It will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. For example, advantageous results still could be achieved if operations of the disclosed techniques were performed in a different order and/or if components in the disclosed systems were combined in a different manner and/or replaced or supplemented by other components. As another example, a screen name is used throughout to represent a unique identifier of an account, but any other unique identifier of an account may be used when linking accounts. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS20030120951 *Dec 21, 2001Jun 26, 2003Gartside Paul NicholasGenerating malware definition data for mobile computing devices* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7523470 *Dec 23, 2004Apr 21, 2009Lenovo Singapore Pte. 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