Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20050277952?dq=5,666,293
Timestamp: 2016-09-25 04:08:19
Document Index: 390570883

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 12', 'art 12', 'arts 702', 'art 702', 'art 702', 'art 702', 'art 702', 'art 702', 'art 706', 'art 702', 'art 702']

Patent US20050277952 - Endoscopic clip applier with threaded clip - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA flexible endoscopic clip applier includes a flexible coil with a manual actuator coupled to one end and a jaw assembly coupled to the other end. A store of clips is arranged adjacent to the jaw assembly and a clip pusher is arranged adjacent to the store of clips. The actuator includes a lever for...http://www.google.com/patents/US20050277952?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20050277952 - Endoscopic clip applier with threaded clipAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS20050277952 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/867,411Publication dateDec 15, 2005Filing dateJun 14, 2004Priority dateJun 14, 2004Also published asCA2508865A1, CA2508865C, CN1720867A, CN100450447C, DE602005018990D1, EP1607057A1, EP1607057B1, US7331968, US20080167665Publication number10867411, 867411, US 2005/0277952 A1, US 2005/277952 A1, US 20050277952 A1, US 20050277952A1, US 2005277952 A1, US 2005277952A1, US-A1-20050277952, US-A1-2005277952, US2005/0277952A1, US2005/277952A1, US20050277952 A1, US20050277952A1, US2005277952 A1, US2005277952A1InventorsScott Arp, Kevin SmithOriginal AssigneeScott Arp, Smith Kevin WExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (50), Referenced by (125), Classifications (11), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetEndoscopic clip applier with threaded clip
US 20050277952 A1Abstract
A flexible endoscopic clip applier includes a flexible coil with a manual actuator coupled to one end and a jaw assembly coupled to the other end. A store of clips is arranged adjacent to the jaw assembly and a clip pusher is arranged adjacent to the store of clips. The actuator includes a lever for opening and closing the jaws, a knob for rotating the jaw assembly, and a crank for dispensing clips. The knob and the lever are coupled to a single control member which extends through the coil to a joiner where it is joined to a pair of pull wires coupled to the jaws. The crank is coupled to a second control member which is threaded along a distal portion. The threaded portion engages a threaded member near the pusher and is coupled to the pusher such that rotation of the threaded control member by the crank causes the pusher to be moved distally. Images(49) Claims(6)
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0089] Turning now to FIG. 1, a flexible endoscopic clip applier 10 according to the invention has a relatively long flexible coil (or tube) 12 having a proximal end 14 and a distal end 16. As used herein, the term “proximal” means closest to the practitioner and the term “distal” means closest to the patient. A manual actuator 18 is coupled to the proximal end 14 of the coil 12 and a pair of jaws 20 is coupled to the distal end 16 of the coil 12. The coil is preferably a flat wire coil having a friction reducing outer sheath (not shown). The invention will be described in detail referring to each of its major components starting at the proximal end and working toward the distal end. [0000] The Manual Actuator [0090] A first embodiment of a manual actuator is shown in FIGS. 1-6. A presently preferred embodiment of the manual actuator is shown in FIGS. 30-37 and described in detail below. [0091] The manual actuator 18 of FIGS. 1-6 has three controls: a lever 22 for opening and closing the jaws 20, a knob 24 for rotating the jaws 20 (and a distal portion of the coil 12) about the longitudinal axis of the coil, and a crank 26 for dispensing a clip. It will be appreciated that the manual actuator 18 has a generally pistol shape which is similar to other endoscopic actuators. A finger grip 28 is provided opposite the lever 22 which has a thumb grip 30. Engaging hooks 32, 34 on the lever and the finger grip allow the lever to be locked as shown in FIG. 4. Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that the general operation of the clip applier 10 involves closing the jaws (optionally by locking the lever 22), delivering the jaws 20 through the lumen of an endoscope to the surgical site, opening the jaws as shown in FIG. 1, positioning the jaws 20 through movement of the coil 12 and rotation of the knob 24 so that tissue to be clipped is located between the jaws, locking the lever 22 to close the jaws on the tissue, turning the crank 26 to apply a clip, and then releasing the jaws from the clip and tissue. [0092] Turning now to the details of the manual actuator 18 and with continued reference to FIGS. 1-6, and FIG. 3 in particular, the lever 22 and the knob 24 are coupled to a single first control member 36. The lever 22 is rotatable about axle 23 and coupled to the control member 36 via a force limiting mechanism 37. The force limiting mechanism includes spring 38, a proximal coupler 38 a, a force limiter cap 38 b, a force limiting cup 38 c, an overload nut 38 d, a distal coupler 38 e, and an overload shaft 38 f. The overload shaft 38 f is coupled to overload nut 38 d and extends inside the spring 38 and partially into the force limiting cup 38 c. [0093] The lever 22 is coupled to the distal end of the spring 38 by a linkage 44 seen best in FIG. 2. In particular, the linkage 44 includes a U-shaped member 44 a which fits over the spring 38 and its associated elements 38 a-38 f. A pin 44 b couples the proximal end of the U-shaped member 44 a to a slot 22 a in the upper part of the lever 22 and a second pin 44 c couples the distal end of the U-shaped member 44 a to the overload nut 38 d. [0094] With the provided arrangement, movement of the lever 22 towards the finger grip 28 causes the linkage 44 to move proximally which moves the overload nut 38 d proximally. The overload nut 38 d in turn pushes against the spring 38 moving it proximally. The spring 38 pushes against the cup 38 c which presses against the limiter cap 38 b which in turn presses against the proximal coupling 38 a. Since the proximal coupling 38 a is affixed to the control member 36, proximal movement of the proximal coupling 38 a causes proximal movement of the control member 36. Effectively, then, the entire force limiting assembly 37 is moving proximally and pulls the control member 36 proximally. [0095] If at any time during the closing of the jaws the tension on the control member 36 exceeds a predetermined force limit of the spring 38 (e.g., seventeen pounds), the spring force of the spring 38 will be overcome such that the spring 38 will compress and the overload shaft 38 f and the overload nut 38 d will move away from the distal coupler 38 e without moving the control member 36 as seen in FIG. 3A. In this force overload situation, the shaft 38 f is received into the hollow 38 c′ of the overload cup 38 c. [0096] FIG. 3A shows the force limiting spring 38 in the compressed position during closing of the jaws. This will occur when the control member 36 is pulled beyond the distance normally necessary to close the jaws (e.g. when the jaws are prevented from closing all the way because they are surrounding a very thick or very hard tissue, or if the tortuosity of the path of the coil causes an effective lengthening of the coil, effective shortening of the control member 36, thereby increasing the stroke of the lever 22, shortening the stroke required to close the jaws). The spring 38 prevents the jaws, the tissue and/or the control member 36 from being damaged due to excessive loads while allowing the lever 22 to be fully actuated to the latched position. [0097] If, after the lever 22 has moved to a position as shown in FIG. 4 where the jaws have been closed, excessive force is applied to the control member 36 (e.g., while delivering the jaws to the surgical site through a tortuous endoscopic path), the force limiting mechanisms 37 will also operate to prevent damage to the control member 36. In particular, as seen in FIG. 4A, if the control wire is pulled distally after the jaws have been closed, and the force on the control wire 36 exceeds the predetermined limit of spring 38, the proximal coupling 38 a which is fixedly coupled to the control member 36 will be moved distally against the cap 38 b and the force limiting cup 38 c. The force limiting cup, in turn will move distally, compressing the spring 38 against the nut 38 d which is fixed in place because of its linkage to lever 22 which is locked. [0098] In either case, when the lever 22 is released, the spring 38 will decompress by linkage 44 causing the nut 38 d to move distally until it abuts the distal coupling 38 e (which is coupled to the control member 36). The distal movement of the nut 38 d causes distal movement of the distal coupling 38 e which is coupled to the control member 36 causing the control member 36 to move distally. [0099] According to the presently preferred embodiment, the spring is always compressed when the lever 22 is moved to the locked position. [0100] To permit rotation of the control member 36, the knob 24 is coupled to the control member 36 via a spline 40 mounted in a shaft bearing 24 a held by a clamp 24 b. The proximal end of the control member 36 is bent into a shepherd's crook 36 a which slidably engages the spline 40 coupled to the knob 24. A shepherd's crook is illustrated in FIG. 29. Rotation of the knob 24 thus causes rotation of the control member 36. [0101] It should be noted that in the force limiting mechanism 37, the distal coupling 38 e and the proximal coupling 38 a are assembled in such a way as to allow clearance with the rest of the force limiting assembly 37. This clearance allows for ease of rotation since and friction created by the preloaded spring 38 is not translated into torsional resistance. [0102] FIG. 4B shows a first alternate embodiment of a force limiting mechanism 137. Here, the coil 112 is provided with a proximal bushing 113. The manual actuator or handle 118 is provided with a recess 119 which is dimensioned to receive the bushing 113, a washer/spacer 115, and a compression spring 138 therebetween. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that if, during closing of the jaws, an obstacle prevents the jaws from closing fully, the proximal force applied to the control member 136 will be applied to the distal clevis 182, the coil 112, and the handle 118. The handle will exert an equal and opposite force in the distal direction against the washer spacer 113. As a result, when the spring force of the compression spring 138 is exceeded, the proximal end of the coil will move the bushing 113 against the spring 138. [0103] Still referring to FIGS. 1-6, and particularly FIG. 4, the crank 26 is coupled to a transmission 46 which is coupled to a second control member 48. More particularly, the transmission includes an input spur gear 47 which is coupled to the crank, a step-up spur gear 49 coupled to the input spur gear, and a crown gear 50 which is coupled to the step-up spur gear. The crown gear engages a pinion 52 coupled to a cylinder 54 having a keyed interior which engages the second control member 48 which is provided with a shepherd's crook 48 a (also as illustrated in FIG. 29) at or near its proximal end. The cylinder 54 is mounted on two bearings 55, 57 which are held by clamps 55 a, 57 a. The second control member 48 (as discussed in detail below with reference to FIGS. 8-11) is threaded along a distal portion thereof. From the discussion which follows, it will be appreciated that the length of the cylinder 54 is sufficient to allow distal movement of the second control member 48 until all of the clips have been dispensed. According to the presently preferred embodiment, the control member 48 is made from 17-7 PH stainless steel wire. [0104] According to the presently preferred embodiment, an energy storing flywheel 56 is coupled to the cylinder 54. Alternatively, the flywheel and cylinder could be a single molded part. The flywheel smoothes the operation of the crank which would otherwise require the application of increasing force through its rotation, as in the beginning of its rotation, the control member is causing a clip to be advanced, whereas at the end of its rotation, the control member is causing the clip to be formed by pushing it against an anvil in the end effectors (as discussed in more detail below). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in order to be effective, the flywheel is preferably provided with a relatively large rotational mass for energy storage. When the flywheel is spun (rotated) by rotation of the crank, a certain amount of energy is invested which increases the kinetic energy (mass�velocity) of the flywheel. Some of this energy is lost over time to friction; however, some of the energy used to spin the flywheel is stored in the form of kinetic energy. Later, it is possible to retrieve this energy through direct mechanical translation. In the case of the present invention, when the crank 26 is first rotated, the control member 48 offers little resistance (as the clips are moving forward easily) and most of the energy applied to the crank is used to put the flywheel 56 in rotation. Near the end of the crank's rotation, torsional resistance is built up by the control member 48 because it is near the end of the cycle where the clip is being bent into its final shape. At this point, the kinetic energy in the flywheel is released and eases the remainder of the crank cycle. Preferably, according to the invention, the flywheel 56 is chosen so that the force which is applied to the crank 26 is substantially even (e.g., does not change by more than 25%) over the entire movement of the crank 26 necessary to dispense a single clip. [0105] As seen best in FIGS. 5 and 6, the crank 26 is provided with a detent lock 58 which must be released before the crank 26 can be turned and which automatically locks the crank 26 after one rotation. Preferably, the crank 26 is also provided with a ratchet mechanism (not shown) which prevents it from being rotated backwards. The crank is also preferably provided with a lock (not shown) which prevents it from being turned until the jaws are closed. The crank may also be provided with a revolution counter (not shown) which can be coupled to the input spur gear and which counts the number of times the crank has been rotated and thus indicates the number of clips which have been dispensed. The revolution counter may also be used to prevent the crank from rotating after all of the clips have been dispensed. Ideally, the crank is also provided with a lockout mechanism which prevents it from being rotated twice without opening and closing the jaws between rotations of the crank. [0106] According to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, the crank 26 has a plurality of spaced apart peripheral finger grips 26 a and a knurled outer periphery 26 b. The crank handle 26 c is optionally removable so that the crank can be rotated like a knob if desired. The detent lock 58 includes a push button 58 a having a flange 58 b, a lock pin 58 c having a flange 58 d and a spring 58 e. The lock pin 58 c is disposed in a stepped bore 58 f and is biased by the spring 58 e into the stepped bore 26 d in the crank 26. When the button 58 a is pressed, the lock pin 58 c is moved against the spring 58 e and out of the bore 26 d, freeing the crank to rotate. [0107] According to an exemplary embodiment, the transmission causes the second control member to be rotated 58.1875 revolutions when the crank is turned one revolution. The pitch of the threads on the control member result in the control member advancing 0.285 inches when the crank is turned one revolution. The gears and the thread pitch are selected for a particular clip length. According to the presently preferred embodiment, it is only necessary to change the crown gear (by increasing or decreasing the number of teeth) to accommodate clips of different length. [0108] As illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 and 4 a, the distal end of the manual actuator 18 has a pair of vertical slots 15 which capture a coil connector (not shown) that is attached to the proximal end of the coil. [0000] The Control Members [0109] Referring now to FIGS. 7-10, the control members 36, 48 extend through a flexible coil 12 coupled to the distal end of the manual actuator 18. According to the invention, the coil 12 has two parts: a proximal part 12 a and a distal part 12 b which are coupled to each other by a rigid member 60. The rigid member 60 is substantially cylindrical having a center portion 60-1 of larger diameter than the end portions 60-2, 60-3. The end portions 60-2, 60-3 are dimensioned to fit inside the coils 12 a, 12 b and the central portion 60-1 is dimensioned to have an outer diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the coils 12 a, 12 b. The rigid member 60 has four bores 60 a-60 d. One of the bores, 60 d, is threaded and engages the threaded portion of the second control member 48. Because the rigid member 60 is fixed relative to the coils 12 a, 12 b, it will be appreciated that this threaded engagement causes the second control member 48 to move distally through the rigid member 60 when it is rotated by the crank 26 (FIG. 2). [0110] Two of the other holes, 60 a and 60 b, in the rigid member 60 allow the passage of a pair of pull wires 62, 64 which are described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17. The proximal ends of the pull wires are coupled to a joiner 66 which has four bores 66 a-66 d. One pull wire is coupled to bore 66 a and the other is coupled to bore 66 b. The first control member 36 extends through and is coupled to the bore 66 c, and the threaded control member 48 freely passes through the bore 66 d. In this manner, longitudinal movement of the first control member 36 causes longitudinal movement of the pull wires 62, 64. The portion 36 a of the control member 36 which extends through the joiner 66 extends into the bore 60 c of the rigid member 60. The length of this portion 36 a is sufficient to engage the bore 60 c throughout the range of movement of the control member 36. In this manner, rotation of the control member 36 with the knob 24 (FIG. 1) causes rotation of the rigid member 60 which causes rotation of the distal portion 12 b of the coil 12 which results in rotation of the jaws 20 and the store of clips about the longitudinal axis of the coil. [0111] As seen best in FIG. 8, the control members 36 and 48 are protected by a dual lumen flexible sheath 68 inside the proximal portion 12 a of the coil 12. The sheath 68 reduces friction between the control members and the interior of the coil. The sheath 68 also prevents buckling or kinking of the control members. It should also be noted that a friction-reducing sheath is preferably provided along the entire exterior surface of the coil to reduce friction between the coil and the lumen of the endoscope through which it is delivered and to protect the lumen of the endoscope from damage. [0112] According to a presently preferred embodiment, both control members have smaller diameters in their distal portions to add flexibility and larger diameters in the proximal portions to optimize torque transmission. [0000] The Pusher [0113] Turning now to FIGS. 11-13, the distal end of the threaded control member 48 is coupled to a clip pusher 70. As seen best in FIG. 12, the pusher 70 is a generally rectilinear member having an off-axis bore 70 a intersected by a notch 70 b. A pair of inwardly curved distally extending fingers 70 c, 70 d are separated from a distal mouth 70 e by shoulders 70 f, 70 g. As seen best in FIG. 11, the distal end of the threaded control member 48 extends through the bore 70 a and is coupled to a cylinder 72 which is captured in the notch 70 b. The cylinder 72 may be crimped or welded to the control member 48. The coupling of the pusher and the control member is such that the control member can freely rotate relative to the pusher. As seen best in FIG. 11, the distal end 48 b of the control member 48 is sharpened to a point and the distal end of the throughbore 70 a is provided with a conical wall 70 h. The apex angle of the conical wall 70 h is larger than the apex angle of the point 48 b. From the foregoing, those skilled in the art will appreciate that when the control member 48 is rotated, it moves distally, pushing the pusher distally. It will also be appreciated that the frictional engagement of the control member 48 with the pusher 70 is limited to the small area of engagement of the point 48 b with the apex of the cone 70 h. [0114] As seen best in FIG. 13, the clip pusher 70 is arranged adjacent to the proximally closest clip 74 in the store of clips 76 which are axially arranged one after the other proximal to the jaw assembly 20. When the control member 48 is translated distally, the store of clips 76 is moved distally until the ultimate clip 78 (the one at the distal end of the store) enters the closed jaws and is applied to tissue through the bending of its ends by the interior anvils of the jaws. FIG. 13 shows the jaws open after the clip 78 was applied. [0115] As seen best in FIG. 11, the clip 74 (which is identical to all of the other clips) has a proximal tail 74 a which is engaged by the mouth 70 e and shoulders 70 f, 70 g of the pusher 70. The fingers 70 c and 70 d constrain the clip from vertical movement and allow the pusher to lightly grab the clip, which facilitates clip loading during assembly. Additional details of the clip may be appreciated upon review of previously incorporated U.S. Ser. No. ______ (Docket ISD-083). [0116] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the arrangement of threads could be changed while still achieving the same or similar results. For example, rather than arranging the threaded control member to advance distally, threads could be supplied on the pusher with the threaded control member being translationally stationary. In this arrangement, rotation of the threaded control member causes the pusher to be translated along the control member. [0000] The Garage [0117] As seen best in FIGS. 13 and 16, the store of clips 76 is housed in a garage 80 inside the distal portion 12 b of the coil 12 proximal to the jaw assembly 20. Details of the garage 80 are seen in FIGS. 14-17. The garage 80 generally comprises a plurality of parallel side walls 80 a-80 l and pair of distally extending fingers 80 m, 80 n which are orthogonal to the side walls. Each side wall has a plurality of outwardly directed spacers, e.g. 80 c-1, 80 c-2, 80 c-3, 80 c-4. These spacers engage the interior of the coil and assure space between the coil and the garage for the passage of the pull wires 62, 64 (see FIG. 16). Formation of the outwardly directed spacers results in narrow strips, e.g. 80 ab, 80 bc, 80 cd, etc., which add flexibility to the garage. The flexibility at the distal end of the instrument can be important in cases where the endoscope is retroflexed. As seen best in FIG. 16, when the clips are arranged in the garage, the abutment of one clip against another lies in this narrowed region. Thus the clips can flex at their abutment. [0118] As seen best in FIG. 15, the distally extending fingers 80 m, 80 n each have an outwardly extending distal lip 80 m-1, 80 n-1 and an inwardly extending proximal stop 80 m-2, 80 n-2. The fingers 80 m, 80 n help orient the garage relative to the clevis. The distal lips help the garage engage the clevis as described below and the proximal stops prevent unwanted movement of the penultimate clip as described below. Opposite pairs of parallel fingers 80 p and 80 q are arranged in spaced apart planes orthogonal to the planes of the fingers 80 m, 80 n. These fingers 80 p, 80 q extend from a proximal collar 80 r and engage the clevis as seen best in FIG. 17, described in detail below. [0119] According to the presently preferred embodiment, the garage is made from a single piece of stamped and folded stainless steel. [0120] Unlike our earlier clip appliers, there is no need to chain the clips together so that they can be pulled back. There is also no need to pull any of the clips back at any time. [0000] The Jaw Assembly [0121] FIGS. 17-27 illustrate details of the jaw assembly 20 which includes a clevis 82 and a pair of jaws 84, 86. The jaws are hermaphroditic mating jaws, i.e. the jaws are identical and arranged to mate with each other. Each has a proximal tang 84 a, 86 a, a plurality of side teeth 84 b, 86 b, which are offset one half pitch from each other on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the jaw, a distal tooth 84 c, 86 c, and a mounting hole 84 d, 86 d. The jaws are coupled to the clevis via their mounting holes. As seen best in FIG. 27, the clevis 82 has two off-axis bosses 82 a, 82 b upon which the jaws are mounted and held in place by rivets. The distal ends of the pull wires 62, 64 are bent into dogs-legs which are coupled to respective tangs 84 a, 86 a of the jaws. It will thus be appreciated that distal movement of the pull wires will cause the jaws to open as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 and proximal movement of the pull wires will cause the jaws to close as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. The use of offset bosses increases the mechanical advantage of the jaws. The clevis also is provided with a pair of stops 82 e, 82 f (best seen in FIG. 26) which engage ears 84 a-1, 86 a-1 on the tangs of the jaws and which allow the jaws to be deflected 45-60 degrees off axis when they are closed and which also allows for an approximately ten degree over-rotation of the jaws. This allows the closed jaws to traverse a tortuous path through the lumen of an endoscope. [0122] As seen best in FIG. 19, the proximal tang and the distal tooth of each jaw lie on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the jaw assembly. This arrangement provides stability to the end effector arrangement. In particular, there is a certain amount of clearance between the jaws and the clevis so that the jaws can rotate easily open and closed. This clearance may allow the jaws to rock horizontally on the clevis creating the possibility of jaw misalignment. In the illustrated embodiment, the jaws are forced toward each other horizontally as they are being closed rather than away from each other. This is because the forming anvils act in opposition to the horizontal moments generated by the pull wires. [0123] The interior surfaces of the distal teeth are forming anvils which cause the two tines of the clip to be bent through approximately 90-180� as shown in FIGS. 20 and 23. In particular, as seen in FIGS. 19 and 21, the distal teeth define two curvature paths, parallel to each other. This allows the two tines of the clip to be bent into parallel semi-circles. The distal teeth also function as a tissue fixation point indicator as the point(s) where the teeth meet are adjacent the location where the tines of the clips pierce the tissue. [0124] As seen best in FIG. 23, after the distal-most (ultimate) clip 78 has been applied, the adjacent or penultimate clip 78 a is held by the stops 80 m-2 and 80 n-2 in the garage 80 and the tines of the clip 78 a embrace the tail of the clip 78. When the jaws are opened, the jaw assembly can be moved away from the ultimate clip 78 without releasing the penultimate clip 78 a. As seen best in FIG. 18, with the jaws open, the tines of the penultimate clip 78 a are shielded by distal fins 82 c, 82 d of the clevis 82. However, if the clevis is dimensioned differently, these fins 82 c, 82 d are not necessary because the tines of the clip will not extend out of the clevis until it is being applied. Other illustrations of the clevis (e.g. FIG. 26) do not show the fins. [0125] As shown in FIG. 17, the garage mates with the clevis in three places in order to secure the garage relative to the clevis. A distal mating is obtained with distal lips 80 m-1 and 80 n-1 engaging lips 82 e and 82 f of clevis 82 (shown best in FIG. 22). A proximal mating is obtained with fingers 80 p and 80 q engaging lateral recesses or bores 82 g, 82 h. The third mating is provided by sandwiching the proximal collar 80 r between the clevis core and the distal end of the coil. [0000] Alternate Embodiment, Self-Pushing Clip [0126] Referring now to FIGS. 28-30, alternate embodiments of a clip 301 and a clip advancement mechanism are shown. The clip 301 has substantially the same configuration as the clip described above except that it has a threaded hole 301 a in its proximal end. FIG. 28 shows a plurality of clips 301-304 threadably mounted on the threaded end 148 a of rotatable control member 148. The control member 148 is similar to the control member 48 described above except that it is mounted in a way that it does not translate relative to the coil or the actuator. In particular, control member 148 is mounted in a thrust collar 310 set in a thrust bearing 312 which is located between the proximal and distal coils (not shown). When the control member 148 is rotated, the clips 301-304 which cannot rotate because of the garage (not shown) are translated through the garage because of their threaded engagement with the control member. [0000] The Presently Preferred Manual Actuator [0127] FIGS. 30-37 illustrate the presently preferred manual actuator 418. Similar reference numerals, increased by 400, refer to similar parts to the manual actuator 18 of FIGS. 1-6. The manual actuator 418 includes a lever 422, a knob 424, and a crank 426. According to a first aspect of this embodiment, a second crank 426′ is provided on the opposite side of the actuator. As seen best in FIGS. 30 and 32, the “cranks” 426, 426′ are knurled and do not have crank handles like the crank 26. Like the actuator 18, and as seen in FIGS. 31-33, the actuator 418 is provided with a finger grip 428 and a lever 422 having a thumb grip 430. Engaging hooks 432, 434 allow the lever to be releasably locked in the closed position as shown in FIG. 32. [0128] As seen best in FIG. 32, a polygonal crank shaft 500 extends transversely through the actuator 418 and is engaged on opposite ends by the cranks 426, 426′. The crank shaft 500 is surrounded by a cylindrical structure 502, 504 on opposite sides of the actuator 418. According to a second aspect of this embodiment, one of the cylinder structures 504 is provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth 506, and as seen in FIG. 33, the crank 426′ has a peripheral post 508 upon which a ratchet pawl 510 is mounted. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the ratchet and pawl prevent both cranks 426, 426′ from being rotated backward, i.e., clockwise in the illustrated embodiment. [0129] According to a third aspect of this embodiment, as seen best in FIGS. 34 and 35, the transmission 446 is coupled to a counter gear 512. In this embodiment, the transmission gears are arranged slightly differently than in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-6. In particular, the crank shaft 500 is coupled to a small hub gear 514 which engages the counter gear 512 as shown in FIG. 35. The crank shaft is also coupled to an input spur gear 447 which drives a step up spur gear 449 which is flipped over as compared to the gear 49 shown in FIG. 4. The spur gear 449 drives the crown gear 450 which is coupled to the pinion 452. The pinion 452 is coupled to the cylinder 454 which is turn is coupled to the flywheel 456. [0130] The counter gear 512 is provided with indicia 516, preferably on both sides, and a standing rib 518. The body of the actuator 418 is provided with at least one, but preferably two windows 520, 522 (see FIGS. 31-33, 36 and 37) through which the indicia 516 of the counter gear can be viewed (one at a time). The illustrated counter is for use with a store of five clips. When the garage is full, the portion of the counter between the standing rib 518 and the numeral “4” is visible through the window. In order to accommodate space for the standing rib, the number of teeth on the counter gear is chosen so that one rotation of the hub gear causes slightly less than ⅕ rotation of the counter gear. As clips are dispensed, the counter gear rotates clockwise counting down the number of clips remaining. When there are “0” clips remaining, the “0” indicia is visible through the window. In addition, when in this position, the standing rib 518 abuts a structure inside the actuator, e.g. a wall of the window opening. This prevents the counter gear and the cranks from advancing further. Preferably, the counter gear 512 is provided with an index hole 524 which is used to properly orient the gear during assembly. [0131] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that means other than the standing rib 518 could be used to stop rotation. For example, the threads on the control member 48 can be arranged to run out upon dispensing the last clip. Alternatively, a bump can be provided on the control member 48 at a location to be stopped by engaging the rigid member 60 upon dispensing the last clip. Still another alternative is to arrange the pusher 70 to engage and lock on the detent fingers 80 m, 80 n after the last clip has been fired. The purpose of the stop is to prevent the pusher from entering the jaws and to indicate that all of the clips have been used. [0132] According to a fourth aspect of this embodiment and as illustrated in FIGS. 36 and 37, the crank detent lock 458 is engaged by the lever 422 such that the crank can only be turned when the jaws are closed. In particular, the floor of the previously identified cylindrical structure 502 is provided with a ramp 526 which rises to a step 528. The crank 426 and/or the crank shaft 500 are/is coupled to a leaf spring 530 which extends generally radially out from the axis of the crank shaft and terminates with an upturned lip 532. FIGS. 36 and 37 illustrate the crank/crank shaft in the locked position with the leaf spring 530 lying adjacent the step 528. If the crank were operated to dispense a clip, rotation of the crank would be stopped by the leaf spring 530 hitting the step 528. [0133] The lever 422 has a tongue 534 with a lifting ramp 536 at its end. A mouth 538 opens into the cylindrical structure 502 adjacent to the step 528. The tongue 534 is arranged so that it enters the mouth 538 when the lever 422 is moved to the closed position, closing the jaws. When the tongue 534 enters the mouth 538, the lifting ramp 536 engages the upturned lip 532 and raises the leaf spring 530 above the step 528. In this position, the leaf spring and the step no longer impede rotation of the cranks, and a clip may be dispensed. Rotation of the crank moves the leaf spring down the ramp 526 onto the floor of the cylindrical structure where it is free to move around in a complete rotation. The tongue 534 is provided with a lower recess 540 which allows the leaf spring 530 to pass under it at the end of a single rotation of the crank, at which point the spring will once again abut the step 528. The tongue 534 is resilient enough so that the recess 540 can pass over the upturned lip 532 when the lever 422 is moved back to open the jaws. Thus, the crank will move exactly one rotation after the jaws are closed and will not move again until the jaws are opened and then closed again. [0000] Alternate Embodiments of Force Limiting Springs [0134] FIGS. 38-40 illustrate a first alternate embodiment of a force limiting spring in a manual actuator 600 which in other respects is substantially the same as the actuator described above. The actuator 600 has a thumb lever 602 which is coupled to a linkage 604. The distal end of the linkage 604 engages the distal end of a spring 606. A washer 608 is located adjacent the proximal end of the spring 606 and a “shuttle” 610 is located proximal of the washer 608 and abuts a stop wall 611 on the linkage 604. The control member 612 extends through the linkage 604, the spring 606, the washer 608, and is coupled to the shuttle 610. The shuttle 610 is composed of two identical pieces illustrated in FIG. 40. Each piece 610 is generally semi-cylindrical, has a pair of locking nubs 610 a, 610 b and a pair of nub-receiving sockets 610 c, 610 d. The interior of the piece 610 has an off center wire engaging tongue 610 e and each end is provided with an axial half bore 610 f, 610 g. From the foregoing, those skilled in the art will appreciate that when a control wire is placed between the two pieces of the shuttle and they are pressed together, the control wire will be bent into an S shape by the two tongues 610 e and the shuttle will be fixed relative to the control wire. [0135] With the foregoing in mind, it will also be appreciated that when the lever 602 is moved from the open position (FIG. 39) toward the closed position shown in FIG. 38, the linkage 604 moves the spring 606 and washer 608 proximally against the shuttle 610 pulling the control wire 612 proximally until the control wire can be pulled no more, or until a predetermined tension is placed on the wire. At that point, further closure of lever 602 continues to move the linkage 604 and spring 606 proximally. However, because the wire 612, washer 608, and shuttle 610 will not move (or because the spring constant is less than the tension on the wire), the spring 606 begins to compress between the linkage 604 and the washer 608 and remains compressed when the lever is locked. The amount of compression will depend on the tortuosity of the path of the control wire. According to the presently preferred embodiment, there is always some spring compression when the lever is locked as shown in FIG. 38. When the lever 602 is released, at first, the linkage 604 will move distally relative to the washer and shuttle and the spring will expand. Eventually, the stop wall 611 on the linkage 604 will reach the shuttle 610 and push the shuttle distally, thereby causing the control wire 612 to move distally. [0136] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the function of the washer 608 is to provide a positive interference between the spring 606 and the shuttle 610. One manner of providing the positive interference is to partially close the end of spring 606 by bending the end of the spring 606 into an “e” shape. Alternatively, the end of the spring wire can be flattened and broadened to interfere with the shuttle. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that instead of providing a stop wall 611 on the linkage 604 for the shuttle 610, the lever 602 can be arranged to directly push the shuttle (and hence wire 612) distally upon the release of the lever from the closed position. [0137] FIGS. 41-43 illustrate a second alternate embodiment of a force limiting spring in a manual actuator 700 which in other respects is substantially the same as the actuator described above. The actuator 700 has a thumb lever 702 which is formed in two parts 702 a, 702 b coupled to each other by a torsion spring 706. As seen best in FIG. 42, the upper part 702 b of the lever 702 has a socket 702 c for receiving a ball 710 coupled to the control wire (not shown) and two spaced apart legs 702 d, 702 e. The lower part 702 a of the lever has an upper finger 702 f which extends between the legs 702 d, 702 e. The torsion spring 706 is mounted on a pivot post 703 which extends through the upper finger 702 f and the legs 702 d, 702 e. The back of the spring 706 a engages the back of the finger 702 f and the front of the spring 706 b engages the upper part of the lever 702 b. The ball is made of two identical pieces illustrated in FIG. 43. The piece is generally hemispherical but is similar to the previously described shuttle in that it has a pair of locking nubs 710 a, 710 b and a pair of nub-receiving sockets 710 c, 710 d. The interior of the piece 710 has an off center wire engaging tongue 710 e and a pair of diametrically opposed half bores 710 f, 710 g are provided coaxial with the tongue 710 e. From the foregoing, those skilled in the art will appreciate that when a control wire is placed between the two pieces of the ball and they are pressed together, the control wire will be bent into an S shape by the two tongues 710 e and the ball will be fixed relative to the control wire. [0138] With the foregoing in mind, it will be appreciated that when the lever 702 is moved from an open position toward the closed position shown in FIG. 41, the upper part 702 b of the lever and the control wire (not shown) are moved proximally until the control wire cannot be pulled further. At this point, the upper part 702 b of the lever remains stationary. However, in order to reach a fully closed lever position, the lower lever part 702 a can continue to rotate about the pivot axle 703 and cause the finger 702 f to exert force against the back part 706 a of the spring 706, thereby causing the spring finger 706 b to spread away from spring finger 706 a and top lever part 702 b. When the lever is eventually released from its fully closed position, at first the force of finger 702 f against the spring is released and the ball 710 and wire will not move. Eventually, when spring finger 706 b hits the top lever part 702 b, the entire lever, the ball 710 and the control wire is moved distally. [0000] Pre-Loaded Clip Ejector [0139] In the presently preferred embodiment, at least a distal portion of the flexible coil (in this case the distal coil 12 b) is pre-loaded to provide sufficient columnar stiffness. When the jaws 84, 86 are closed, the pull wire(s) increase the load between the clevis and the nut. After the clip is deployed, the pull wires are actuated distally to open the jaws. The force of the compressed clip train, and if necessary, the force from the pull wires is sufficient to overcome the pre-load of the distal coil so that the jaws and clevis move away from the tines of the clip, which have been compressed against the forming anvils of the jaws. An alternate embodiment of this concept provides oblong holes in the jaws for attachment to the bosses on the clevis. When the jaws are closed, the pull wires move the jaws proximally with respect to the clevis. When the pull wires are released from tension and actuated distally, the jaws are also able to move distally with respect to the clevis to release the compressive load on the tines of the clip. [0140] According to an alternative embodiment, the distal coil 12 b is pre-loaded to spring distally. When the jaws 84, 86 are closed, the pull wire(s) 62 pull against the distal coil, shortening the distal coil against its pre-load. After the clip is dispensed, the jaws are opened. When the jaws are opened, the pre-load on the distal coil causes the clevis 82, jaws 84, 86, and garage 80 all to move a slight distance distally. At the same time, the clips do not move, as they are freely disposed in the garage which is moving over them. This action has the effect of separating the distal anvils on the jaws from the tines on the formed clip, thereby easing the opening of the jaws. [0141] The pre-loading of the distal coil provides the coil with sufficient columnar strength to allow for tangential bites, prevents buckling during jaw closure, and provides reaction force to overcome frictional forces as the jaws open. [0000] Alternate Jaw Embodiment [0142] FIGS. 44 and 45 illustrate an alternate embodiment of jaws 184, 186 which are substantially the same as the jaws 84, 86 but for their mounting holes 184 d, 186 d. In this embodiment, the mounting holes 184 d, 186 d are not circular. They are oblate or “slotted”. This allows the jaws to slide distally and proximally as they are opened and closed. Thus, when the jaws are closed as shown in FIG. 44, they are pulled proximally. In this position, the clip is fired into the closed jaws which act as forming anvils as described above. When the jaws are opened as shown in FIG. 45, they slide distally away from the formed clip separating the distal anvils on the jaws from the tines on the formed clip, thereby easing the opening of the jaws. [0143] There have been described and illustrated herein several embodiments of a flexible endoscopic clip applier. While particular embodiments of the invention have been described, it is not intended that the invention be limited thereto, as it is intended that the invention be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Thus, while the coils of the invention have been described as being formed from flat stock, it will be appreciated that the stock can be of circular or other cross-section. Also, while particular materials have been described as preferred in making various of the elements of the invention, it will be appreciated that other materials can be utilized. Further, while the invention has been described as utilizing a gear arrangement which provides a specific number of turns to a wire control element for advancing the clips, it will be appreciated that other gear arrangements which provide the same or different numbers of turns of the wire control element can be provided. Further, while the invention has been disclosed in conjunction with two different kinds of end effectors, i.e. the jaws and the clip pusher, other components of the invention may be used with different end effectors. It will therefore be appreciated by those skilled in the art that yet other modifications could be made to the provided invention without deviating from its spirit and scope as claimed. 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Classification606/142International ClassificationA61B19/00, A61B17/128, A61B17/28Cooperative ClassificationA61B2017/2905, A61B2017/2923, A61B2090/0803, A61B2017/2902, A61B90/03, A61B17/1285European ClassificationA61B17/128ELegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 7, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: ETHICON ENDO-SURGERY, INC., OHIOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARP, SCOTT;SMITH, KEVIN W.;REEL/FRAME:015228/0181Effective date: 20040611Owner name: ETHICON ENDO-SURGERY, INC., OHIOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARP, SCOTT;SMITH, KEVIN W.;REEL/FRAME:015231/0843;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040611 TO 20040830Jul 21, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 5, 2015FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Nov 28, 2015ASAssignmentOwner name: ETHICON ENDO-SURGERY, LLC, PUERTO RICOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ETHICON ENDO-SURGERY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:037161/0276Effective date: 20151106RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap 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