Source: http://www.ussc.gov/guidelines-manual/2006/2006-2a41
Timestamp: 2016-02-11 19:22:41
Document Index: 185342870

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2', '§ 1111', '§ 115', '§1', '§2', '§ 1201']

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2006 Federal Sentencing GuidelinesCHAPTER TWO - PART A - OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON4. KIDNAPPING, ABDUCTION, OR UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT§2A4.1. Kidnapping, Abduction, Unlawful Restraint(a) Base Offense Level: 32(b) Specific Offense Characteristics
(2) (A) If the victim sustained permanent or life-threatening bodily injury, increase by 4 levels; (B) if the
victim sustained serious bodily injury, increase by 2 levels; or (C) if the degree of injury is between that specified in subdivisions (A) and (B), increase by 3 levels.
(6) If the victim is a minor and, in exchange for money or other consideration, was placed in the care or
custody of another person who had no legal right to such care or custody of the victim, increase by 3 levels.
(A) the offense level from the Chapter Two offense guideline applicable to that other offense if such offense
guideline includes an adjustment for kidnapping, abduction, or unlawful restraint, or otherwise takes such
conduct into account; or (B) 4 plus the offense level from the offense guideline applicable to that other offense, but in no event greater
than level 43, in any other case, if the resulting offense level is greater than that determined above.
(1) If the victim was killed under circumstances that would constitute murder under 18 U.S.C. § 1111 had
CommentaryStatutory Provisions: 18 U.S.C. §§ 115(b)(2), 351(b), (d), 1201, 1203, 1751(b), 2340A. For additional
Definitions of "serious bodily injury" and "permanent or life-threatening bodily injury" are found in the
Commentary to §1B1.1 (Application Instructions). However, for purposes of this guideline, "serious bodily
injury" means conduct other than criminal sexual abuse, which is taken into account in the specific offense
characteristic under subsection (b)(5).
Conspiracy) requires that the court apply any adjustment that can be determined with reasonable certainty. Therefore, for example, if an offense involved conspiracy to kidnap for the purpose of committing murder,
subsection (b)(7) would reference first degree murder (resulting in an offense level of 43, subject to a
possible 3-level reduction under §2X1.1(b)). Similarly, for example, if an offense involved a kidnapping during which a participant attempted to murder
the victim under circumstances that would have constituted first degree murder had death occurred, the
offense referenced under subsection (b)(7) would be the offense of first degree murder.
Background: Federal kidnapping cases generally encompass three categories of conduct: limited duration
kidnapping where the victim is released unharmed; kidnapping that occurs as part of or to facilitate the
commission of another offense (often, sexual assault); and kidnapping for ransom or political demand. The guideline contains an adjustment for the length of time that the victim was detained. The adjustment
recognizes the increased suffering involved in lengthy kidnappings and provides an incentive to release the
victim. An enhancement is provided when the offense is committed for ransom (subsection (b)(1)) or involves
another federal, state, or local offense that results in a greater offense level (subsections (b)(7) and (c)(1)).Section 401 of Public Law 101-647 amended 18 U.S.C. § 1201 to require that courts take into account certain
specific offense characteristics in cases involving a victim under eighteen years of age and directed the
Commission to include those specific offense characteristics within the guidelines. Where the guidelines
did not already take into account the conduct identified by the Act, additional specific offense characteristics
have been provided.Subsections (a) and (b)(5), and the deletion of subsection (b)(4)(C), effective May 30, 2003, implement the
directive to the Commission in section 104 of Public Law 108–21.Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 1989 (see Appendix C,
amendment 96); November 1, 1991 (see Appendix C, amendment 363); November 1, 1992 (see Appendix
C, amendment 445); November 1, 1993 (see Appendix C, amendment 478); November 1, 1997 (see Appendix C, amendment 545); November 1, 2002 (see Appendix C, amendment 637); May 30, 2003 (see Appendix C, amendment 650); October 27, 2003 (see Appendix C, amendment 651). NewsPress Releases and News Advisories