Source: https://law.justia.com/codes/us/2010/title8/chap12/subchapiii/partiii/sec1481/
Timestamp: 2019-12-16 04:50:00
Document Index: 542318643

Matched Legal Cases: ['§349', '§2', '§19', '§501', '§2', '§18', '§18', '§8', '§9', '§18', '§8', '§18', '§18', '§18', '§8', '§18', '§8', '§19', '§8', '§8', '§1999']

8 U.S.C. 1481 - Sec. 1481 - Loss of nationality by native-born or naturalized citizen; voluntary action; burden of proof; presumptions :: 2010 US Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia
Justia US Law US Codes and Statutes US Code 2010 US Code Title 8 - ALIENS AND NATIONALITY CHAPTER 12 - IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONALITY AND NATURALIZATION Part III - Loss of Nationality Sec. 1481 - Loss of nationality by native-born or naturalized citizen; voluntary action; burden of proof; presumptions
Short Titles Expatriation Act of 1954
Source Credit June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title III, ch. 3, §349, 66 Stat. 267; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1256, §2, 68 Stat. 1146; Pub. L. 87-301, §19, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 656; Pub. L. 94-412, title V, §501(a), Sept. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1258; Pub. L. 95-432, §§2, 4, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1046; Pub. L. 97-116, §18(k)(2), (q), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1620, 1621; Pub. L. 99-653, §§18, 19, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3658; Pub. L. 100-525, §§8(m), (n), 9(hh), Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2618, 2622.
1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–525, §9(hh), substituted “A person” for “From and after the effective date of this chapter a person”.
1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–653, §18(a), as amended by Pub. L. 100–525, §8(m)(1), inserted “voluntarily performing any of the following acts with the intention of relinquishing United States nationality” after “his nationality by”.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–653, §18(b), substituted “or upon an application filed by a duly authorized agent, after having attained the age of eighteen years” for “upon an application filed in his behalf by a parent, guardian, or duly authorized agent, or through the naturalization of a parent having legal custody of such person: Provided That nationality shall not be lost by any person under this section as the result of the naturalization of a parent or parents while such person is under the age of twenty-one years, or as the result of a naturalization obtained on behalf of a person under twenty-one years of age by a parent, guardian, or duly authorized agent, unless such person shall fail to enter the United States to establish a permanent residence prior to his twenty-fifth birthday: And provided further, That a person who shall have lost nationality prior to January 1, 1948, through the naturalization in a foreign state of a parent or parents, may, within one year from the effective date of this chapter, apply for a visa and for admission to the United States as a special immigrant under the provisions of section 1101(a)(27)(E) of this title”.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–653, §18(c), inserted “, after having attained the age of eighteen years” after “political subdivision thereof”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99–653, §18(d), as amended by Pub. L. 100–525, §8(m)(2), substituted “if (A) such armed forces are engaged in hostilities against the United States, or (B) such persons serve as a commissioned or non-commissioned officer; or” for “unless, prior to such entry or service, such entry or service is specifically authorized in writing by the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense: Provided, That the entry into such service by a person prior to the attainment of his eighteenth birthday shall serve to expatriate such person only if there exists an option to secure a release from such service and such person fails to exercise such option at the attainment of his eighteenth birthday; or”.
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 99–653, §18(e), (f), as amended by Pub. L. 100–525, §8(m)(3), inserted “after attaining the age of eighteen years” after “political subdivision thereof,” in subpars. (A) and (B).
Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 99–653, §19, as amended by Pub. L. 100–525, §8(n), redesignated former subsec. (c) as (b) and substituted “Any” for “Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, any”, and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “Any person who commits or performs any act specified in subsection (a) of this section shall be conclusively presumed to have done so voluntarily and without having been subjected to duress of any kind, if such person at the time of the act was a national of the state in which the act was performed and had been physically present in such state for a period or periods totaling ten years or more immediately prior to such act.”
1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–116 struck out “(a)” designation as added by section 4 of Pub. L. 95–432, which was not executed since it would have resulted in a subsec. (a) designation of “(a)(a)”, and substituted in par. (1) “special immigrant” for “nonquota immigrant”.
Section 23(g) of Pub. L. 99–653, as added by Pub. L. 100–525, §8(r), Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2619, provided that: “The amendments made by sections 18, 19, and 20 [amending this section and section 1483 of this title] shall apply to actions taken before, on, or after November 14, 1986.”
Section 1 of act Sept. 3, 1954, provided: “That this Act [amending this section] may be cited as the ‘Expatriation Act of 1954’.”
R.S. §1999 provided that: “Whereas the right of expatriation is a natural and inherent right of all people, indispensable to the enjoyment of the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and whereas in the recognition of this principle this Government has freely received emigrants from all nations, and invested them with the rights of citizenship; and whereas it is claimed that such American citizens, with their descendants, are subjects of foreign states, owing allegiance to the governments thereof; and whereas it is necessary to the maintenance of public peace that this claim of foreign allegiance should be promptly and finally disavowed: Therefore any declaration, instruction, opinion, order, or decision of any officer of the United States which denies, restricts, impairs, or questions the right of expatriation, is declared inconsistent with the fundamental principles of the Republic.”