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Le nouveau référentiel Européen Eric Froment, - PDF
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Émilien Morency
1 Le nouveau référentiel Européen Eric Froment, Président du Comité du Registre Européen des Agences d évaluation de l enseignement supérieur -EQAR Workshop on the development of the IEAQA Tunis, 13 June 2014
2 Plan de la présentation La mise en place d un nouveau référentiel Européen Les caractéristiques du nouveau référentiel Européen 1- les standards en matière d assurance qualité, internes aux institutions 2- les standards d évaluation externe des institutions 3- les standards d évaluation des agences Conclusion et annexes
3 La mise en place d un nouveau référentiel Européen En 2005, à Bergen, dans le cadre du processus de Bologne les ministres ont adopté des principes communs en matière d assurance qualité intitulés : ESG (European Standards and Guidelines) En 2012, à Bucarest, les ministres ont demandé que soient révisés ces ESG, compte tenu des évolutions survenues en matière d enseignement supérieur Ils ont chargé le groupe des E4 ainsi qu EQAR et les 2 organisations représentatives des enseignants et des employeurs au plan européen de leur proposer une nouvelle version du référentiel pour en tenir compte. Celle-ci a été présentée en avril à Athènes et est en cours d adoption
4 Les caractéristiques du nouveau référentiel Européen Le référentiel est à nouveau issu d une proposition des acteurs du terrain Il est composé de Standards, conçus comme des principes à respecter, valables pour les 48 pays signataires. Les guidelines deviennent clairement et seulement des éléments secondaires (commentaires expliquant ou suggérant des pratiques possibles ): Nous sommes donc en présence d ES et non plus d ESG. Les standards visent à couvrir les activités d enseignement et de formation, y compris l environnement éducatif et les liens avec recherche et innovation Ils restent divisés en 3 catégories; Ceux concernant les mécanismes internes d AQ des institutions Ceux visant l évaluation externe des institutions Ceux se rapportant à l AQ des agences d évaluation
5 1- les standards en matière d assurance qualité interne aux institutions De 7 ils passent à 10, en accord avec le principe (Berlin-2003) selon lequel l ensemble de l organisation européenne d AQ repose en premier lieu sur les dispositifs internes aux établissements. Ils peuvent paraître intrusifs Veiller à ce que le système soit pensé pour les étudiants et à ce que les dispositifs de formation et d évaluation soient clairs et publics inspirent la plupart des standards. Les compétences attendues à l issue des formations doivent être annoncées Un standard particulier insiste sur les procédures de recrutement et de promotion des personnels qui doivent être justes et transparentes
6 2- les standards d évaluation externe des institutions De 8 ils passent à 7 Le premier standard articulant mécanisme interne et externe est renforcé : l évaluation externe doit se soucier (veiller à?) de ce que le processus interne d AQ est bien effectif dans l institution. (avant c était prendre en compte l existence ) La transparence des procédures, visite des institutions par les experts, publication des rapports in extenso, procédure d appel font partie des standards. Les évaluations reposent sur des experts et incluent obligatoirement la participation d étudiants
7 3- les standards d évaluation des agences De 8 ils passent à 7 Le premier standard indique que l agence doit opérer en respectant les standards de la partie 2 Le standard sur l indépendance est renforcé et précisé (pleine responsabilité de leur organisation et décisions?) Disposer d un mécanisme interne d AQ, de ressources humaines et financières adéquates, d un code de conduite pour les personnels de l agence, publier des analyses et synthèses des informations recueillies font partie des standards Les agences enfin doivent se soumettre périodiquement à une évaluation.
8 Conclusion Demeurent donc : 1- Chaque EES doit mettre en place des mécanismes internes d AQ et développer une culture de la qualité et de l amélioration 2- La diversité de systèmes d évaluation externe peut être conservée : QA des programmes ou des institutions Pouvant être des évaluations, accréditations, audit A partir d entités nationales ou européennes
9 ANNEXE Part 1: Standards and guidelines for internal quality assurance 1.1 Policy for quality assurance Institutions should have a policy for quality assurance that is made public and forms part of their strategic management. Internal stakeholders should develop and implement this policy through appropriate structures and processes, while involving external stakeholders. 1.2 Design and approval of programmes Institutions should have processes for the design and approval of their programmes. The programmes should be designed so that they meet the objectives set for them, including the intended learning outcomes. The qualification resulting from a programme should be clearly specified and communicated, and refer to the correct level of the national qualifications framework for higher education and, consequently, to the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area. 1.3 Student-centred learning, teaching and assessment Institutions should ensure that the programmes are delivered in a way that encourages students to take an active role in creating the learning process, and that the assessment of students reflects this approach. 1.4 Student admission, progression, recognition and certification Institutions should consistently apply pre-defined and published regulations covering all phases of the student life cycle, e.g. student admission, progression, recognition and certification. 1.5 Teaching staff Institutions should assure themselves of the competence of their teachers. They should apply fair and transparent processes for the recruitment and development of the staff. 1.6 Learning resources and student support Institutions should have appropriate funding for learning and teaching activities and ensure that adequate and readily accessible learning resources and student support are provided. 1.7 Information management Institutions should ensure that they collect, analyse and use relevant information for the effective management of their programmes and other activities.
10 ANNEXE Part 1: Standards and guidelines for internal quality assurance 1.7 Information management Institutions should ensure that they collect, analyse and use relevant information for the effective management of their programmes and other activities. 1.8 Public information Institutions should publish information about their activities, including programmes, which is clear, accurate, objective, up-to date and readily accessible. 1.9 On-going monitoring and periodic review of programmes Institutions should monitor and periodically review their programmes to ensure that they achieve the objectives set for them and respond to the needs of students and society. These reviews should lead to continuous improvement of the programme. Any action planned or taken as a result should be communicated to all those concerned Cyclical external quality assurance Institutions should undergo external quality assurance in line with the ESG on a cyclical basis.
11 ANNEXE Part 2: Standards and guidelines for external quality assurance 2.1 Consideration of internal quality assurance External quality assurance should address the effectiveness of the internal quality assurance described in Part 1 of the ESG. 2.2 Designing methodologies fit for purpose External quality assurance should be defined and designed specifically to ensure its fitness to achieve the aims and objectives set for it, while taking into account relevant regulations. Stakeholders should be involved in its design and continuous improvement. 2.3 Implementing processes External quality assurance processes should be reliable, useful, pre-defined, implemented consistently and published. They include a self-assessment or equivalent; an external assessment normally including a site visit; a report resulting from the external assessment; a consistent follow-up. 2.4 Peer-review experts External quality assurance should have a professional system of peer review at its core, carried out by groups of experts that include (a) student member(s). 2.5 Criteria for formal outcomes Any outcomes or judgements made as the result of external quality assurance should be based on explicit and published criteria that are applied consistently, irrespective of whether the process leads to a formal 2.6 Reporting Full reports by the experts should be published, clear and accessible to the academic community, external partners and other interested individuals. If the agency takes any formal decision based on the reports, the decision should be published together with the report. 2.7 Complaints and appeals Complaints and appeals processes should be clearly defined as part of the design of external quality assurance processes and communicated to the institutions
12 ANNEXE Part 3: Standards and guidelines for quality assurance agencies 3.1 Activities, policy and processes for quality assurance Agencies should undertake external quality assurance activities as defined in Part 2 of the ESG on a regular basis. They should have clear and explicit goals and objectives that are part of their publicly available mission statement. These should translate into the daily work of the agency. Agencies should ensure the involvement of stakeholders in their governance and work. 3.2 Official status Agencies should have an established legal basis and should be formally recognised as quality assurance agencies by competent public authorities. 3.3 Independence Agencies should be independent and act autonomously. They should have full responsibility for their operations and the outcomes of those operations without third party influence. 3.4 Thematic analysis Agencies should regularly publish reports that describe and analyse the general findings of their external quality assurance activities. 3.5 Resources Agencies should have adequate and appropriate resources, both human and financial, to carry out their work. 3.6 Internal quality assurance and professional conduct Agencies should have in place processes for internal quality assurance related to defining, assuring and enhancing the quality and integrity of their activities. 3.7 Cyclical external review of agencies Agencies should undergo an external review at least once every five years in order to demonstrate their compliance with the ESG.
Premier cycle d évaluation de l efficacité des systèmes d assurance qualité des collèges québécois : Rapport d évaluation sur le processus suivi lors
Premier cycle d évaluation de l efficacité des systèmes d assurance qualité des collèges québécois : Rapport d évaluation sur le processus suivi lors de la vague de validation Geneviève Le Fort, Directrice