Source: https://ihl-in-action.icrc.org/case-study/afghanistan-implementation-civilian-casualty-tracking-cell
Timestamp: 2020-01-25 10:50:01
Document Index: 532651084

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 3', 'Art. 1', 'Art. 3', 'Art. 1', 'Arts 51', 'Art. 13', 'Arts 51', 'Arts 48', 'Art. 13', 'Arts 83', 'Art. 19']

Afghanistan, Implementation of a Civilian Casualty Tracking Cell | IHL in Action
[Source: CIVIC, ‘Examining Civilian Harm Tracking and Casualty Recording in Afghanistan’, 19 May 2014, available at https://civiliansinconflict.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/CCCERP_4_page_FINAL_May_19.pdf ]
[Source: Reliefweb, ‘General Petraeus Issues Updated Tactical Directive: Emphasizes Disciplined Use of Force’, 04 August 2010, available at https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-general-petraeus-issues-updated-tactical-directive-emphasizes]
[Source: NATO, ‘NATO Nations Approve Civilian Casualty Guidelines’, 6 August 2010, available at https://www.nato.int/cps/su/natohq/official_texts_65114.htm]
[Source: UNAMA, ‘UNAMA Calls for Safety First, as Civilian Casualties Rise by 14% in 2009’, 13 January 2010, available at https://unama.unmissions.org/unama-calls-safety-first-civilian-casualties-rise-14-2009 ]
[Source: Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute, ‘Civilian Casualty Tracking in Afghanistan’, 13 November 2014, available at http://pksoi.armywarcollege.edu/default/assets/File/LMS-ISAF_1256_CIVCAS_Tracking_in_Afghanistan.pdf]
1. How would you classify the situation in Afghanistan in 2008? What additional information would you require to make such a determination? (GC I-IV, Art. 3, PII, Art. 1)
3. Which rules of IHL apply to the parties to the conflict? Is APII applicable? (GC I-IV, Art. 3; PII, Art. 1)
4. Is there an obligation under IHL to document civilian harm resulting from attacks launched by the parties to the conflict? Are the parties to the conflict expected to assess whether there will be civilian casualties prior to launching an attack? After an attack is carried out? (PI, Arts 51, 57; PII, Art. 13; CIHL, Rules 1, 14, 15)
5. Are attacks only lawful if they do not result in death and injury of the civilian population? Does the fact that civilian deaths and destruction of civilian property occur mean that IHL is violated? Does IHL obligate a party to avoid civilian casualties at all costs? What guidance, if any, does IHL provide on weighing military objectives against anticipated civilian casualties? Are indiscriminate attacks prohibited under IHL? (PI, Arts 51, 57; CIHL, Rules 11, 14, 15)
6. Does the ISAF Directive refer to IHL, explicitly or implicitly? Which IHL principles are reflected in the Directive? Can the Directive be seen as going beyond the requirements set by these principles? (PI, Arts 48, 51, 57; PII, Art. 13; CIHL, Rules 1, 14, 15)
7. (Document A and B) Does IHL oblige the parties to the conflict to make sure that its military personnel are familiar with the rules of IHL? What is the importance of pre-deployment training? Is there a duty under IHL to identify trends of civilian casualties from past operations and to integrate the findings in the future training programs? (PI, Arts 83, 87; P II, Art. 19; CIHL, Rule 142)