Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US6457128?ie=ISO-8859-1&dq=6,970,917
Timestamp: 2015-04-19 11:33:41
Document Index: 692283542

Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 09', 'application No. 08', 'art 1', 'application No. 96915172', 'application No. 95', 'Application No. 11', 'application No. 95', 'application No. 11', 'application No. 11', 'application No. 11']

Patent US6457128 - Optical disk, an optical disk barcode forming method, an optical disk ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsDisclosed is an optical disk barcode forming method wherein, as information to be barcoded, position information for piracy prevention, which is a form of ID, is coded as a barcode and is recorded by laser trimming on a reflective film in a PCA area of an optical disk. When playing back the thus manufactured...http://www.google.com/patents/US6457128?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6457128 - Optical disk, an optical disk barcode forming method, an optical disk reproduction apparatus, a marking forming apparatus, a method of forming a laser marking on an optical disk, and a method of manufacturing an optical diskAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6457128 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/595,139Publication dateSep 24, 2002Filing dateJun 15, 2000Priority dateOct 9, 1995Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN1154097C, CN1173942A, CN1200406C, CN1324592C, CN1379394A, CN1545088A, CN1547202A, CN100342443C, DE69610859D1, DE69610859T2, DE69610860D1, DE69610860T2, DE69610861D1, DE69610861T2, DE69611906D1, DE69611906T2, DE69614580D1, DE69614580T2, DE69615418D1, DE69615418T2, DE69617478D1, DE69617478T2, DE69618633D1, DE69618633T2, DE69624390D1, DE69624390T2, DE69626329D1, DE69626329T2, DE69631914D1, DE69631914T2, DE69633031D1, DE69633031T2, DE69633353D1, DE69633353T2, DE69637606D1, EP0807929A1, EP0807929A4, EP0807929B1, EP1003162A1, EP1003162B1, EP1005033A1, EP1005033B1, EP1005034A1, EP1005034B1, EP1005035A1, EP1005035B1, EP1006516A1, EP1006516B1, EP1006517A1, EP1006517B1, EP1028422A1, EP1028422B1, EP1028423A1, EP1028423B1, EP1030297A1, EP1030297B1, EP1031974A1, EP1031974B1, EP1251501A1, EP1251501B1, EP1251502A1, EP1251502B1, EP1465164A2, EP1465164A3, EP1465164B1, EP1659580A2, EP1659580A3, EP1659580B1, US6052465, US6122373, US6125181, US6128388, US6141419, US6160888, US6175629, US6208736, US6229896, US6278671, US6285762, US6285763, US6285764, US6298138, US6449366, US6470452, US6480960, US6552969, US6600706, US6618347, US6728882, US6757391, US6862685, US7095697, US7103781, US7110544, US7520001, US8014236, US8472291, US20020070282, US20020080961, US20020089920, US20020097871, US20030172286, US20040184394, US20060131407, US20090168619, US20110286315, WO1997014146A1Publication number09595139, 595139, US 6457128 B1, US 6457128B1, US-B1-6457128, US6457128 B1, US6457128B1InventorsYoshiho Gotoh, Mitsuaki Oshima, Shinichi Tanaka, Kenji Koishi, Mitsuro MoriyaOriginal AssigneeMatsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (59), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (14), Classifications (168), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetOptical disk, an optical disk barcode forming method, an optical disk reproduction apparatus, a marking forming apparatus, a method of forming a laser marking on an optical disk, and a method of manufacturing an optical disk
US 6457128 B1Abstract
What is claimed is: 1. An optical disk on which data is recorded comprising:
a first recording area where main information is recorded, a second recording area having barcode-like marks each of which has a strip-like configuration in a radius direction, which are disposed in a circumferential direction and which are recorded as sub information wherein said first recording area contains a control data area which represents a physical property of the optical disk and is located in the lead-in area, said second recording area is disposed inside from said control data area on said first recording area and said second recording area is overlapped with said lead in area, wherein in a prescribed region of said control data area, an identifier is provided for indicating whether said barcode-like mark is present or not on said optical disk, said identifier and said barcode-like mark are in respectively different locations on said disk, said barcode-like mark disposed in a circumferential direction, and said barcode-like mark having a plurality of bars, each of said bars extending in a radial direction, and a mark is marked by laser beam on an information layer of said disk, information based on the position of said mark is encrypted and said encrypted information is included in said barcode-like mark, a specific ring-like area on the second recording area is divided into a plurality of sections with substantially the same width (τ) in a circumferential direction, said width (τ) being corresponding to a frequency of a channel clock of modulation signal of said sub information, said barcode-like marks are formed within the sections corresponding to the sub information, with RZ recording method, and a width of the barcode-like mark is substantially half or less of the section width (τ). 2. An optical disk on which data is recorded, comprising:
a first recording area where main information is recorded, second recording area having barcode-like marks each of which has a strip-like configuration in a radius direction, which are disposed in a circumferential direction and which are recorded as sub information wherein said first recording area contains a control data area which represents a physical property of the optical disk and is located in the lead-in area, said second recording area is disposed inside from said control data 11 area on said first recording area and said second recording area is overlapped with said lead in area, wherein in a prescribed region of said control data area, an identifier is provided for indicating whether said barcode-like mark is present or not on said optical disk, said barcode-like mark disposed in a circumferential direction, and said barcode-like mark having a plurality of bars, each of said bars extending in a radial direction, and a mark is marked by laser beam on an information layer of said disk, information based on the position of said mark is applied with a digital signature and said information applied with said digital signature is included in said barcode-like mark, a specific ring-like area on the second recording area is divided into a plurality of sections with substantially the same width (τ) in a circumferential direction, said width (τ) being corresponding to a frequency of a channel clock of modulation signal of said sub information, said barcode-like marks are formed within the sections corresponding to the sub information, with RZ recording method, and a width of the barcode-like mark is substantially half or less of the section width (τ). 3. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein one of said bars has a lower reflectivity than an average reflectivity of an area between said one of said bars and another of said bars.
5. An optical disk reproduction apparatus for use with a disk on which data is recorded, wherein in a prescribed region of said disk, an identifier is provided for indicating whether a barcode-like mark is present or not on said optical disk, said identifier and said barcode-like mark are in respectively different locations on said disk, said barcode-like mark disposed in a circumferential direction, and said barcode-like mark having a plurality of bars, each of said bars extending in a radial direction, and a mark is marked by laser beam on a information layer of said disk, information based on the position of said mark is encrypted and said encrypted information is included in said barcode-like mark, and said bar-code like mark is formed with a RZ recording method, said apparatus comprising:
reproduction means for reproducing said barcode-like mark on said optical disk; RZ-demodulation means for RZ-demodulating said bar-code like mark identifier detection means for detecting said identifier on said optical disk, and control means for controlling a prescribed operation based on said identifier detected by said identifier detection means, wherein said reproduction means includes an optical head for performing reproduction, positional information readout means for reproducing, from said barcode-like mark, information regarding the position of said mark, mark measurement means for determining an actual position of said mark, and reproducing means for reproducing data recorded on said optical disk based on a comparison of said information reproduced by said positional information readout means, and said actual position determined by said mark measurement means. 6. An optical disk reproduction apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said positional information reading means decrypts the reproduced information and obtains said reproduced information based on the position of said mark.
This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application No. 09/441,338, filed Nov. 16, 1999, which is now U.S. Pat. No. 6,141,419, issued Oct. 31, 2000, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application No. 08/649,411, filed May 16, 1996, which is now U.S. Pat. No. 6,052,465, issued Apr. 18, 2000.
A further aspect of the invention is an optical disk according to the 5th invention, wherein said barcode contains data including, in addition to said ID information, a public key of a public key encryption function corresponding to said ID information, said public key, is used to encrypt prescribed data, and the encrypted prescribed data is transmitted to an external party in order to obtain from said external party a password required to reproduce said optical disk.
Still yet another aspect of the invention is an optical disk reproduction apparatus wherein recorded contents of a main data recording area, recorded by forming pits on an optical disk, are reproduced by using a rotational phase control for a motor, while recorded contents of a different recording area other than said recording area, recorded by selectively forming low-reflectivity portions on a reflective film in said different recording area, are roproduced by using rotational speed control for said motor, and
A yet further aspect of the invention is an optical disk reproduction apparatus according to the 16th invention, wherein said rotational speed is the rotational speed that would be achieved in a different recording area if said rotational phase control were applied.
said low-reflectivity portions are a barcode said different recording area is also such area to which contents are recorded with pits, and
Yet another aspect of the invention is an optical disk reproduction apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, after reading recorded contents of said control data area and judging the presence or absence of said barcode, it is determined whether an optical pickup should be moved to an inner portion or an outer portion of said optical disk.
A still aspect of the invention is a marking forming means according to the 25th invention, wherein said position information writing means includes encrypting means for encrypting at least said detected position information or information concerning said position information, and writes contents thus encrypted to said disk.
wherein, when encrypting and writing, at least said encrypted information is converted into a barcode, and said barcode is written by selectively removing said reflective film on said disk on which data is recorded with CLV, and all or part of said barcode written in overwriting fashion to a prescribed region of a pre-pit signal area on said disk.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a two-layer disk fabrication process (part 1) according to the present embodiment:
FIG. 14(a) is a diagram showing part (b) of FIG. 33 in further detail, (b) is a diagram showing an equivalent data structure for ECC encoding/decoding, (c) is a diagram showing a mathematical equation-for EDC computation, and (d) is a diagram showing a mathematical equation for ECC computation;
First, the software company performs software authoring in software production process 820. The completed software is delivered from the software company to the disk manufacturing factory. In disk manufacturing process 816 at the disk manufacturing factory, the completed software is input in step 818 a, a master disk is produced (step 818 b), disks are pressed (steps 818 e, 818 g), reflective films are formed on the respective disks (steps 818 f, 818 h), the two disks are laminated together (step 818 i), and a ROM-disk such as a DVD or CD is completed (step 818 m, etc.).
(a) Using a 5 μj/pulse YAG laser, a laser beam was applied to a 500 angstrom aluminum layer lying 0.6 mm below the surface of a 1.2 mm thick ROM disk consisting of two 0.6 mm thick disks laminated together, and, as a result, a 12 μm wide slit-like nonreflective portion 815 was formed, as shown in the X 750 micrograph of FIG. 8(a). In this X 750 micrograph, no aluminum residues were observed on the nonreflective portion 815. Thick swollen aluminum layers, 2000 angstroms thick and 2 μm wide, were observed along boundaries between the nonreflective portion 815 and reflective portions. As shown in FIG. 10(a), it was confirmed that no significant damage had occurred inside. In this case, the application of the pulsed laser presumably melted the aluminum reflective layer, causing a phenomenon of molten aluminum buildup along the boundaries on both sides due to the surface tension. We call this a hot melt surface tension (HMST) recording method. This is a characteristic phenomenon observed only on a laminated disk 800. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram, based on an observation through a transmission electron microscope (TEM), illustrating a cross section of the nonreflective portion formed by the above laser trimming process. And FIG. 11 shows that the adhesive layer of the disk has been removed by using solvent. In the figure, if the aluminum film swollen portion is 1.3 μm wide and 0.20 μm thick, the amount of increased aluminum in that portion is 1.3�(0.20−0.05)=0.195 μm2. The amount of aluminum originally deposited in a half portion (5 μm) of the laser exposed region (10 μm) was 5�0.05=0.250 μm2. The difference is calculated as 0.250−0.195=0.055 μm2. In terms of length, this is equivalent to 0.055/0.05=1.1 μm. This means that an aluminum layer of 0.05 μm thickness and 1.1 μm length remained, and therefore, it can be safely said that almost all aluminum was drawn to the film swollen portion. Thus, the result of the analysis of the figure also verifies the explanation about the above-described characteristic phenomenon.
(c) A comparison between single-plate disk and laminated disk has been described above, using a two-layer laminated disk as an example. As is apparent from the above description, the same effect as obtained with the two-layer laminated disk can be obtained with the single-layer laminated disk. Using FIGS. 12(a), 12(b), etc., a further description will be given dealing with the single-layer laminated disk type. As shown in FIG. 12(a), the reflective layer 802 has the transparent substrate 801 of polycarbonate on one side, and the hardened adhesive layer 804 and a substrate on the other side, the reflective layer 802 thus being hermetically sealed therebetween, In this condition, pulsed laser light is focused thereon for heating; in the case of our experiment, heat of 5 μJ/pulse is applied to a circular spot of 10 to 20 μm diameter on the reflective layer 802 for a short period of 70 ns. As a result, the temperature instantly rises to 600� C., the melting point, melting state is caused. By heat transfer, a small portion of the transparent substrate 801 near the spot is melted, and also a portion of the adhesive layer 804 is melted. The molted aluminum in this state is caused by surface tension to build up along boundaries 821 a and 821 b, with tension being applied to both sides, thus forming buildups 822 a and 822 b of hardened aluminum, as shown in FIG. 12(b). The nonreflective portion 584 free from aluminum residues is thus formed. This shows that a clearly defined nonreflective portion 584 can be obtained by laser-trimming the laminated disk as shown in FIGS. 10(a) and 12(a). Exposure of the reflective layer to the outside environment due to a damaged protective layer, which was the case with the single-plate type, was not observed even when the laser power was increased more than 10 times the optimum value. After the laser trimming, the nonreflective layer 584 has the structure shown in FIG. 12(b) where it is sandwiched between the two transparent substrates 801, 803 and sealed with the adhesive layer 804 against the outside environment, thus producing the effect of protecting the structure from environmental effects.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a low reflectivity light amount detector 586 for detecting the nonreflective optical marking portion. along with its adjacent circuitry, in an optical disk manufacturing process. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the principle of detecting address/clock positions of the low reflectivity portion. For convenience of explanation, the following description deals with the operating principle when a read operation is performed on a nonreflective portion formed on an optical disk constructed from a single disk. It will be recognized that the same operating principle also applies to an optical disk constructed from two disks laminated together.
As shown in FIG. 16(1), the start and end positions of the nonreflective portion 564. having the above waveform can be easily detected by the low reflectivity light amount detector 586 shown in the block diagram of FIG. 15. Using the reproduced clock signal as the reference signal, position information is obtained in a low reflectivity position information output section 596. FIG. 16(1) shows a cross-sectional view of the optical disk.
The circuit delay time varies with reproduction apparatus used for reading, which means that the reference delay time TD varies depending on the reproduction apparatus used. Therefore, using the TD, a time delay corrector 607 applies time correction, and the resulting effect is that the start clock count for the low reflectivity portion can be measured accurately if reproduction apparatus of different designs are used for reading. Next, by finding the clock count and the start and end addresses for the optical mark No. 1 in the next track, clock m+14 at address n+12 is obtained, as shown in FIG. 16(8). Since TD=m+2, the clock count is corrected to 12, but for convenience of explanation, n+14 is used. We will describe another method, which eliminates the effects of varying delay times without having to obtain the reference delay time TD in the reproduction apparatus used for reading. This method can check whether the disk is a legitimate disk or not by checking whether the positional relationship of mark 1 at address n in FIG. 16(8) relative to another mark 2 matches or not. That is, TD is ignored as a variable, and the-difference between the position, A1=a1+TD, of mark 1 measured and the position, A2=a2+TD, of mark 2 measured is obtained, which is given as A1−A2=a1−a2. At the same time, it is checked whether this difference matches the difference, a1−a2, between the position a1 of the decrypted mark 1 and the position information a2 of the mark 2, thereby judging whether the disk is a legitimate disk or not. The effect of this method is that the positions can be checked after compensating for variations of the reference delay time TD by using a simpler constitution.
Position information reading means 9101 reads the barcode 9104, and decrypting means 9105 contained therein decrypts the contents of the barcode for output. Marking reading means 9106 reads the actual position of the marking 9103 and outputs the result. Comparing/judging means 9107 compares the decrypted result from the decrypting means 9105 contained in the position information reading means 9101 with the result of reading by the marking reading means 9106, and judges. whether the two agree within a predetermined allowable range. If they agree, a reproduction signal 9108 for reproducing the optical disk is output; if they do not agree, a reproduction stop signal 9109 is output. Control means (not shown) controls the reproduction operation of the optical disk in accordance with these signals; when the reproduction stop signal is output, an indication to the effect that the optical disk is an illegal duplicated disk is displayed on a display (not shown) and the reproduction operation is stopped. In the above operation, it will be recognized that it is also possible for the marking reading means 9106 to use the decrypted result from the decrypting means 9105 when reading the actual position of the marking 9103. Namely in this case, the marking reading means 9106 checks whether the marking is actually located in the position on the optical disk indicated by the position information which is decrypted by the decrypting means 9105.
The converging unit 914 in the optical disk barcode forming apparatus of the present embodiment will be hi described below in more detail.
As shown in FIG. 28(a), light emitted from the laser 912 enters the converging unit 914 where the entering light is converted by a collimator 916 into a parallel beam of light which is then converged in only one plane by a cylindrical lens 917, thus producing a stripe of light. This light is limited by a mask 918, and is focused through a converging lens 919 onto the reflective film 802 on the optical disk to remove the film in a stripe pattern. A stripe such as shown in FIG. 28(b) is thus formed. In PE modulation, stripes are spaced apart at three different intervals, 1T, 2T, and 3T. If this spacing is displaced, jitter occurs and the error rate rises. In the present invention, the clock generator 913 generates a modulating clock in synchronism with a rotation pulse from the motor 915, and supplies this modulating clock to the modulator 910 to ensure that each stripe 923 is recorded at a correct position in accordance with the rotation of the motor 915, that is, with the rotation of the disk 800. This has the effect of reducing jitter. Alternatively, a laser scanning means 950, such as shown in FIG. 3(1), may be provided. by which a continuous-wave laser is scanned in a radial direction to form a barcode.
The present invention uses RZ recording, as shown in FIG. 24. In this RZ recording, one unit time is divided into a plurality of time slots, for example, a first time slot 920 a, a second time slot 921, a third time slot 922, and so on. When data is �00�, for example, a signal 924 a of a duration shorter than the period of the time slot, that is, the period T of a channel clock, is recorded in the first time slot 920 a, as shown in part (1) in FIG. 26. The pulse 924 a whose duration is shorter than the period T of the recording clock is output between t=T1 and t=T2. In this case, using a rotation pulse from the rotation sensor 915 a on the motor 915, the clock signal generator 913 generates a modulation clock pulse as shown in part (1) of FIG. 24; by performing the recording in synchronism with the clock pulse. the effects of rotational variation of the motor can be eliminated. In this way, as shown in part (2) of FIG. 24, a stripe 923 a indicating �00� is recorded on the disk within a recording region 925 a, the first of the four recording regions shown, and a circular barcode such as shown in part (1) of FIG. 27 is formed.
A circular barcode, such as shown in FIG. 27(1), is thus formed on the disk. When data �01000�, shown in part FIG. 27(4). is recorded, in the PE-RZ modulation of the invention a barcode 923 a having the same pattern as the recorded signal shown in part (3) is recorded as shown in part (2). When this barcode is played back by an optical pickup, a signal waveform, such as shown in part (5) REPRODUCED SIGNAL, is output with portions thereof dropped corresponding to missing portions of a pit-modulated signal where no reflection signals are obtained due to removal of the reflective film, as explained with reference to part FIG. 5(6). By passing this reproduced signal through the second-order or third-order LPF filter 934 shown in FIG. 35(a), the filtered signal waveform shown in FIG. 27(6) is obtained. By slicing this signal by a level slicer, reproduced data �0100� of part (7) is demodulated.
In step 930 c, rotational speed control is applied by using a rotational sensor of a Hall element in the motor or by measuring the T(max) or T(min) or frequency of a-pit signal. If it is determined in step 930 i that there are no stripes, the process jumps to step 930 f. If there are stripes, the barcode is played back in step 930 d, and when playback of the barcode is completed in step 930 e, the optical head is moved in step 930 f to an outer area where no stripes are recorded. In this area, since no stripes are recorded, the pits are played back correctly and accurate focus and tracking servo are achieved. Since the pit signal can be played back, usual rotation phase control can be performed to rotate the disk with CLV. As a result, in step 930 h, the pit signal is played back correctly.
In the rotation phase control mode, PLL control is applied to the pit signal from the optical head by a clock extracting means 960. The frequency f1 of a first oscillator 966 and the frequency fS of a reproduced synchronization signal are compared in a first frequency comparator 965, and a difference signal is fed to the motor drive circuit 958. The rotation phase control mode is thus entered. Because of PLL phase control by the pit signal, data synchronized to the synchronization signal of f1 is played back. If the optical head were moved to the barcode stripe area by rotation phase control, without switching between rotational phase control for the motor and rotational speed control for the motor, phase control could not be performed because of the presence of the stripes, and trouble would occur, such as, the motor-running out of control or stopping, an error condition occurring, etc. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 43, switching to the appropriate control mode not only ensures stable playback of the barcode but has the effect of avoiding troubles relating to motor rotation.
In FIG. 33(b), for example, in the data structure when n=1, there are four data rows, followed by four ECC rows. Error-correction encoding computation is performed, assuming that data rows from 951 e to 951 z (of FIG. 33(a)) all contain 0s. The data ECC- encoded by the ECC encoder 927 in the recording apparatus of FIG. 1 and recorded as a barcode on the disk. When n=1, data of 12B is recorded over an angle of 51 degrees on the disk. Likewise, when n=2, data of 18B can be recorded; when n=12, data of 271B can be recorded over an angle of 336 degrees on the disk. In the present invention, by encoding and decoding the data using EDC and ECC computation equations, when the data amount is smaller than 188B, the computation is performed assuming all remaining bits are 0s, so that the data is stored with a small recording capacity. This serves to shorten the productive tact. When performing laser trimming, as in the present invention, the above-described scalability has a significant meaning. More specifically, when performing laser trimming at a factory, it is important to shorten the productive tact. With a slow-speed apparatus which trims one stripe at a time, it will take more than 10 SECONDS to record a few thousand stripes to the full capacity. The time required for disk production is 4 seconds per disk; if full-capacity recording has to be done, the productive tact increases. On the other hand, for the moment, disk ID number will be a main application area of the present invention; in this application, the PCA area capacity can be as low as 10B. If 271B are recorded when only 10B need to be written, the laser processing time will increase by a factor of 6, leading to a production cost increase. The scalability method of the present invention achieves reductions in production cost and time.
In the playback apparatus shown in FIG. 15, when n=1 as in FIG. 33(b), for example, the ECC decoder 928 performs the EDC and ECC error-correction computations, assuming that the data rows 951 e to 951 z all contain 0s, the effect of this is that data of 12 to 271B can be corrected for errors by using the same program. In this case, the number of program steps decreases, permitting the use of a small-capacity ROM in the microcomputer.
(F) Next, an example of the above-described barcode encryption (including digital signature) will be described with reference to drawings, followed by a description of at another application example of the barcode.
As shown in FIG. 45, an ID number 4504 unique to each individual optical disk is generated by an ID generator 4502. At the same time, an ID signature section 4503 applies a digital signature to the ID number by using a specific secret key corresponding to a specific public key, and the thus applied digital signature 4505 and its associated ID number 4504 are sent together as a series of data to a press factory 4501. This digital signature is applied to the ID number encrypted in an encryption encoder 4508 using a secret key of a public key encryption function. The public key corresponding to this secret key is sent to the press factory 4501. At the press factory 4501, the ID number and its corresponding digital signature 4505 are recorded as a barcode in the PCA area of an optical disk 4506 by using a PCA writer 4507. The public key is prerecorded on the master disk, that is, in a pit portion of the disk. then the thus manufactured optical disk 4506 is loaded into a playback apparatus (player) 4509, the public key is read from the pit portion, and the ID number and the digital signature appended to it are read from the PCA area and decrypted with the public key. The result of the decryption is passed to a verification section 4511; if the digital signature data is found legitimate as the result of the verification, the playback operation of the optical disk is allowed to continue. If the digital signature data is found illegitimate as the result of the verification, the operation is stopped. Here, if the digital signature data is recorded in the PCA area together with the plaintext of the ID, the result of the decryption is checked against the plaintext of the ID to see if they match. If the digital signature data only is recorded in the PCA area, an error check is performed for verification. When the data is encrypted with public key cipher, as described above, only the software manufacturer that has the secret key can issue a new ID number. Accordingly, if pirated disks were made, the encrypted ID of the same number would be recorded in the PCA area of every disk; therefore, the use of such pirated disks would be greatly limited. The reason is that, in such cases, the illegal use of the software having the same number can be prevented by applying network protection. Needless to say, the above method described with reference to FIG. 45 can also be used in the Internet.
The correspondence between FIG. 16. which illustrates the principle of the detection operation for detecting the position of a low reflectivity portion on a CD, and FIGS. 20 and 21, which are concerned with a DVD, is given below.
As illustrated, the detection operation is fundamentally the same between CD and DVD. A first difference is that a 1-bit mark layer identifier 603 a as shown in FIG. 20(7) is included for identifying whether the low reflectivity portion is of the one-layer type or two-layer type. The two-layer DVD structure provides a greater anti-piracy effect, as previously described. A second difference is that since the line recording density is nearly two times as high, 1 T of the reproduced-clock is as short as 0.13 μm, which increases the resolution for the detection of the position information and thus provides a greater anti-piracy effect.
To read the second layer, a first/second layer switching section 827 in FIG. 15 sends a switching signal to a focus control section 828 which then-controls a focus driving section 829 to switch the focus from the first layer to the second layer. From FIG. 20, it is found that the mark is in address (n), and by counting the frame synchronizing signal (4) using a counter, it is found that the mark is in frame 4. From signal (5), the PLL reproduced clock number is found, and the optical marking position data as shown by the signal (6) is obtained. Using this position data, the optical mark can be measured with a resolution of 0.13 μm on a conventional consumer DVD player.
FIG. 21 shows address position information pertaining to the optical marking formed on the second layer. Since laser light penetrates the first and second layers through the same hole. as shown in the process step (6) in FIG. 7, the nonreflective portion 815 formed on the first reflective layer 802 and the nonreflective portion 826 formed on the second reflective layer 825 are identical in shape. This is depicted in the perspective view of FIG. 47. In the present invention, after the transparent substrate 801 and the second substrate 803 are laminated together, laser light is applied penetrating through to the second layer to form an identical mark thereon. In this case, since coordinate arrangements of pits are different between the first and second layers, and since the positional relationship between the first and second layers is random when laminating them together, the pit positions where the mark is formed are different between the first and second layers, and entirely different position information is obtained from each layer. These two kinds of position information are encrypted to produce an anti-piracy disk. If it is attempted to duplicate this disk illegally, the optical marks on the two layers would have to be aligned with a resolution of about 0.13 μm. As previously described, at the present state of technology it is not possible to duplicate the disk by aligning the optical marks with the pits with an accuracy of 0.13 μm, that is, with an accuracy of the order of 0.1 μm, but there is a possibility that mass production technology may be commercially implemented in the future that enables large quantities of single-layer disks to be trimmed with a processing accuracy of 0.1 μm at low cost. Even in that case, since the top and bottom disks are trimmed simultaneously in the case of the two-layer laminated disk 800, the two disks must be laminated together with the pit locations and optical marks aligned with an accuracy of a few microns. However, it is next to impossible to laminate the disks with this accuracy because of the temperature coefficient, etc. of the polycarbonate substrate. When optical marks were formed by applying laser light penetrating through the two-layer disk 800, the resulting anti-piracy mark is extremely difficult to duplicate. This provides a greater anti-piracy effect. The optical disk with an anti-piracy mechanism is thus completed. For piracy prevention applications, in cases where the disk process and laser cut process are inseparable as in the case of the single-plate type, the encryption process, which is an integral part of the laser cut process, and processing involving a secret encryption key have to be performed at the disk manufacturing factory. This means that in the case of the single-plate type the secret encryption key maintained in the software company have to be delivered to the disk manufacturing factory. This greatly reduces the security of encryption. On the other hand, according to the method involving laser processing of laminated disks, which constitutes one aspect of the invention, the laser trimming process can be completely separated from the disk manufacturing process. Therefore, laser trimming and encryption operations can be performed at a factory of the software maker. Since the secret encryption key that the software maker keeps need not be delivered to the disk manufacturing factory, the secret key for encryption can be kept in the safe custody of the software maker. This greatly increases the security of encryption.
Alternatively, the marking 941 may be recorded in the guard-band area 999 shown in FIG. 30. Since the guardband area 999 contains no data but address information, this has the effect of avoiding destroying already recorded data by recording the marking 941.
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G11B20/00876, G11B2220/2562, G11B2020/1259, G11B20/00492, G06K19/08, G06K19/04, G11B2220/61, G11B20/0021, G11B2220/213, G11B5/86, G11B20/1217, G11B20/00557, G11B23/284, G11B20/00094, G11B20/00586, G11B20/00384, G11B13/04, G11B20/00855, G06K19/06028, G11B7/268, G11B7/00736, G06K2019/06243, G11B7/26, G11B7/007, G11B20/00144, G11B19/12, G11B2007/0013, G06K19/06018, G11B20/0092, G11B20/1419, G11B20/1426, G11B20/00115, G06K2019/06271, G06K1/126, G11B23/34, G06K19/14, G11B20/0084, G11B23/283, G11B7/0053, G11B23/30, G11B20/00268, G11B20/00326, G11B20/00347, G11B20/00086, G11B20/0026, G11B20/00528, G11B7/24038, G11B20/1403, G11B23/0042, G11B20/0071, G11B20/1252, G11B20/1833, G11B20/00123, G11B19/04, G11B20/00543, G11B23/281, G11B27/24, G11B2220/2545, G11B2020/122, G11B7/005, G11B23/38, G11B20/10, G11B13/045, G11B7/0037, G11B19/122, G11B20/00152European ClassificationG11B20/00P5G5, G11B20/00P5G1, G11B23/28A, G11B20/00P5A6M, G11B20/00P1D, G11B20/00P2B, G06K19/06C1, G11B20/00P5, G11B20/00P5A6A1, G11B20/00P1, G11B20/00P2, G11B20/00P13, G11B20/00P15, G11B23/28B, G11B20/00P1C, G11B20/00P11E, G11B20/00P2A, G11B23/34, G11B20/00P5A6A, G11B20/00P6B, G11B20/00P5A6H, G11B7/005W, G11B20/00P12, G11B7/24038, G11B20/00P5G1E, G11B7/26V, G11B20/00P5A6E, G11B20/00P5G2, G11B20/14A1D, G11B20/00P10, G11B7/007, G06K19/06C1B, G06K19/04, G11B27/24, G11B23/00D1A2A, G11B7/007R, G11B23/38, G06K19/14, G11B20/12D6, G11B19/12, G06K19/08, G11B23/30, G06K1/12D, G11B20/10, G11B20/00P, G11B20/12D, G11B19/12C, G11B19/04, G11B7/26, G11B23/28B2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 26, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Mar 11, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Feb 24, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4May 25, 2004CCCertificate of correctionRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services