Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8071201?dq=oakley+5,387,949&ei=4yI4T8nkLYa80QG0xqnWAg
Timestamp: 2017-02-20 02:16:07
Document Index: 60347253

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 06125552', 'Application No. 06125555', 'Application No. 07104954']

Patent US8071201 - Information carrier precursor and information carrier produced therewith - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsInformation carrier precursor comprising a rigid sheet or support; a receiving layer configuration comprising at least one layer; and at least one substance, optionally provided pattern-wise, capable of and available for interacting in situ with at least one species diffusing through the receiving layer...http://www.google.com/patents/US8071201?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8071201 - Information carrier precursor and information carrier produced therewithAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS8071201 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/738,046Publication dateDec 6, 2011Filing dateApr 20, 2007Priority dateDec 7, 2006Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCN101600579A, CN101600579B, CN101600580A, CN101600580B, DE602007005689D1, DE602007008940D1, EP2091748A1, EP2091748B1, EP2091749A1, EP2091749B1, EP2091751A1, EP2091751B1, US7771816, US7927689, US20080135623, US20080135624, US20080138641, WO2008068050A1, WO2008068051A1, WO2008068055A1Publication number11738046, 738046, US 8071201 B2, US 8071201B2, US-B2-8071201, US8071201 B2, US8071201B2InventorsLuc Leenders, Eddie Daems, Michel WertsOriginal AssigneeAgfa-Gevaert N.V.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (32), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (29), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetInformation carrier precursor and information carrier produced therewith
US 8071201 B2Abstract
Information carrier precursor comprising a rigid sheet or support; a receiving layer configuration comprising at least one layer; and at least one substance, optionally provided pattern-wise, capable of and available for interacting in situ with at least one species diffusing through the receiving layer configuration to produce a functional species, wherein at least one layer of the receiving layer configuration comprises at least one pigment, at least one binder, opaque porous parts capable of being rendered substantially transparent by penetration by a lacquer provided at the outermost surface of the receiving layer configuration and non-porous transparent parts; a method for producing the above-mentioned information carrier precursor; a method for producing an information carrier; and information carriers produced therewith.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/869,602 filed Dec. 12, 2006; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/869,609 filed Dec. 12, 2006; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/908,533 filed Mar. 28, 2007, which are all incorporated by reference. In addition, this application claims the benefit of European Application No. 06125552 filed Dec. 7, 2006; and European Application No. 06125555 filed Dec. 7, 2006; and European Application No. 07104954 filed Mar. 27, 2007, which are all also incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to an information carrier precursor, a method for producing an information carrier precursor, and a method for producing an information carrier and information carriers produced therewith.
ID cards usually contain information referring both to the authority issuing the card on the one hand and to the owner of the card on the other. The first type of information may be general information such as a name and/or logo of the issuing authority, or security marks, such as a watermark and security print, e.g. a repeating monochrome pattern or a gradually changing colour pattern which are difficult to counterfeit. The second type includes e.g. the unique card number, personal data such as a birth day, a photo of the owner, and a signature. The card can further contain hidden information and therefore contain a magnetic strip or an electronic chip (“smart cards”).
A large set of ID cards are usually prepared on a large web or sheet by a step and repeat process, after which the web or sheet is cut into multiple items with the appropriate dimensions each representing a personal ID card. Smart cards and ID cards have now the standardized dimensions of 85.6 mm×54.0 mm×0.76 mm.
The art's response to the counterfeiting problem has involved the integration of “verification features” with ID cards to evidence their authenticity. The best known of these “verification features” involve signatures such as the signature of the one authorized to issue the ID card or the signature of the bearer. Other “verification features” have included the use of watermarks, fluorescent materials, validation patterns or markings and polarizing stripes. These “verification features” are integrated into ID cards in various ways and they may be visible or invisible in the finished card. If invisible, they can be detected by viewing the feature under conditions which render it visible. Details relating to the use of “verification features” in ID cards can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,984,030, 3,279,826; 3,332,775, 3,414,998, 3,675,948, 3,827,726 and 3,961,956.
The term “silver halide diffusion processes” refers to all black and white image-forming processes in which a positive is formed by diffusion reversal. The principles of the silver complex diffusion transfer reversal process, hereinafter called DTR process, have been described e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 2,352,014 and in the book “Photographic Silver Halide Diffusion Processes” by André Rott and Edith Weyde, The Focal Press, London and New York, (1972). In the DTR process non developed silver halide of an information wise exposed photographic silver halide emulsion layer material is transformed with a so called silver halide solvent into soluble silver complex compounds which are allowed to diffuse into an image receiving element and are reduced therein with a developing agent, generally in the presence of physical development nuclei, to form a silver image having reversed image density values (“DTR image”) with respect to the black silver image obtained in the exposed areas of the photographic material.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,645,280 discloses an ink composition comprising a slow evaporating solvent and a translucentizing agent, wherein the ink composition is free or substantially free of colorants and is suitable for use in ink jet printing on paper substrates, and the slow evaporating solvent is present in an amount of from about 15% by weight to about 70% by weight of the ink composition, the translucentizing agent making the paper less opaque, and thus forming a visible image on the paper when viewed under light and typically, the translucentizing agent has a refractive index of from about 1.3 (±0.05) to about 1.7, and preferably from about 1.4 to about 1.6, at 20° C.
It is an aspect of the present invention to provide information carriers with transparentizable opaque porous layers with additional security features.
Surprisingly it has been found that a receiving layer configuration comprising at least one layer, wherein at least one layer of the receiving layer configuration is opaque, porours and has the capability of being rendered substantially transparent by penetration by a lacquer is, prior to transparentization with the lacquer, capable of transporting species which with species already present in one or more of the constituent receiving layers themselves or in a layer or support in diffusion contact with the receiving layer configuration can provide human-readable or machine-readable information, if either the diffusing species is applied information-wise to the outermost surface of the receiving layer configuration or the species already present in one or more of the constituent receiving layers or in a layer or support in diffusion contact with the receiving layer configuration is/are present in an information-wise pattern. The species already present in one or more of the constituent receiving layers or in a layer or support in diffusion contact with the receiving layer configuration can be a binding species, a catalytic species or a reacting species. An example of such a species is a mordant, which can bind a diffusing species reversibly or irreversibly in the latter case resulting in reaction between the mordant and the diffusing species. The diffusing species is/are a precursor(s) of the human-readable or machine detectible functional species. Different diffusing species can interact with a particular species or each can interact in situ with different species already present in the one or more of the constituent receiving layers themselves or in a layer or support in diffusion contact with the receiving layer configuration.
The term “information carrier precursor”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means an intermediate product used in the realization of information carriers.
The term “receiving layer”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means having the ability to receive ink-jet ink with rapid drying i.e. having sufficient porosity to wick away rapidly the ink-jet ink dispersion medium.
The term “diffusion inhibitor”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a substance which inhibits the transparentization of and hinders the diffusion of substances into opaque porous layers comprising at least one pigment and at least one binder and capable of transparentization with a lacquer.
The terms “opaque” and “non-transparent” layer, as used in disclosing the present invention, refer to a layer which is non-transparent. The term “white non-transparent film”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a white film capable of providing sufficient contrast to a transparent image to make the image clearly perceptible. A white non-transparent film can be an “opaque film”, but need not necessarily be completely opaque in that there is no residual translucence i.e. no light penetration through the film. Optical density in transmission as measured with a MacBeth TR924 densitometer through a visible filter can provide a measure of the non-transparency of a film. ISO 2471 concerns the opacity of paper backing and is applicable when that property of a paper is involved that governs the extent to which one sheet visually obscures printed matter on underlying sheets of similar paper and defines opacity as “the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the luminous reflectance factor of a single sheet of the paper with a black backing to the intrinsic luminous reflectance factor of the same sample with a white reflecting backing. 80 g/m2 copy paper, for example, is white, non-transparent and has an optical density of 0.5 as measured with a MacBeth TR924 densitometer through a yellow filter according to ISO 5-2 and metallized films typically have an optical density ranging from 2.0 to 3.0. The opaque porous layers, used in the present invention, have very high haze values e.g. 98% indicating very high light scattering. A relative opacity can be defined by assigning a 100% opacity to the initial optical density measured under standard conditions with a black background, Dref, and assigning a 0% opacity to complete transparentization under standard conditions with a black background, Dblack, i.e. an optical density corresponding to a combination of the black background and the optical density of the support. The percentage opacity is then given by the expression: (Dblack−Dobserved)/(Dblack−Dref)
The term “substantially transparent”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means having the property of transmitting at least 75% of the incident visible light without substantially diffusing it.
The term “transparentizing lacquer”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a liquid under the application conditions, which is transparent, comprises at least one polymer and/or at least one wax and/or at least one polymerizable substance (e.g. monomers and oligomers) and can solidify upon cooling, become solid upon evaporation of solvent or harden/cross-link upon exposure to heat, moisture or radiation e.g. visible light, UV-radiation and electron beams i.e. is curable which transparentizes the receiving layer configuration.
The term “non-transparentizing lacquer”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a liquid under the application conditions, which comprises at least one polymer and/or at least one wax and/or at least one polymerizable substance (e.g. monomers and oligomers) and can solidify upon cooling, become solid upon evaporation of solvent or harden/cross-link upon exposure to moisture or radiation e.g. visible light, UV-radiation and electron beams i.e. is curable which does not transparentize the receiving layer configuration.
The term “interacting” as used in disclosing the present invention, means capable of acting on at least one substance diffusing through porous parts of the receiving layer configuration e.g. by binding with, catalyzing or reacting with.
The term “binding”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means capable of physically adsorbing at least one substance diffusing through porous parts of the receiving layer configuration i.e. without changing the chemical nature of the substance adsorbed.
The term ‘catalyzing”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means capable of promoting a reaction between molecules of at least one substance diffusing through porous parts of the receiving layer configuration e.g. in processes such as the electroless deposition of metals.
The term “reacting”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means capable of reacting with at least one substance diffusing through porous parts of the receiving layer configuration to produce different chemical species.
The term “mordant”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a substance capable of binding or fixing, i.e. providing preferential adsorption for, at least one functional species.
The term “functional species”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a species having functional properties such that it can be detected either visually with or without assistance of an appropriate light source or with detection apparatus i.e. is human or machine readable. Such functional species can, for example, be used in realizing a security feature. Examples of such functional species are infrared-absorbing species, metals, luminescing organic or organometallic species and dyes. The dyes can, for example, provide an image of a person to whom the information carrier belongs or has been assigned or other image as required.
The term “conventional printing process”, as used in disclosing the present invention refers to impact printing processes as well as to non-impact printing processes applied both to the printing of graphics and to the printing of functional patterns e.g. a conductive pattern. The term includes but is not restricted to ink-jet printing, intaglio printing, screen printing, flexographic printing, driographic printing, electrophotographic printing, electrographic printing, offset printing, stamp printing, gravure printing, thermal and laser-induced processes and also includes a printing process rendering areas of a conductive layer non-conductive in a single pass process, such as disclosed in EP 1 054 414A and WO 03/025953A, but excludes processes such as evaporation, etching, diffusion processes used in the production of conventional electronics e.g. silicon-based electronics.
The term “impact printing process”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a printing process in which contact is made between the medium in which the print is produced and the printing system e.g. printers that work by striking an ink ribbon such as daisy-wheel, dot-matrix and line printers, diffusion transfer processes (e.g. COPYCOLOR® materials from AGFA-GEVAERT) and direct thermal printers in which the thermographic material is printed by direct contact with heating elements in a thermal head and printers in which a master is covered with an ink layer on areas corresponding to a desired image or shape, after which the ink is transferred to the medium, such as offset, gravure or flexographic printing.
The term “coloured image”, as used in disclosing the present invention, is an image produced with one or more colorants and which in the case of the colour black is produced by a combination of at least two colorants unless specifically applied as a non-visible light transparent pattern.
The term “layer”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a coating covering the whole area of the entity referred to e.g. a support.
The term “discontinuous layer”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a coating not covering the whole area of the entity referred to e.g. a support.
Aspects of the present invention are also realized by an information carrier precursor comprising: a rigid sheet or support; a receiving layer configuration comprising at least one layer; and at least one substance, optionally provided pattern-wise, capable of and available for interacting in situ with at least one species diffusing through the receiving layer configuration to produce a functional species, wherein at least one layer of the receiving layer configuration comprises at least one pigment, at least one binder, opaque porous parts capable of being rendered substantially transparent by penetration by a lacquer provided at the outermost surface of the receiving layer configuration and non-porous transparent parts. The species, singular or plural, diffusing through the receiving layer configuration can itself/themselves be (a) species which is/are visually detectible once the diffusion process is completed e.g. by binding by a substance, as used in the present invention, i.e. is human readable, can be detected by the use of light via fluorescence or phosphorescence i.e. human readable with the assistance of an appropriate light source or are machine readable e.g. electrically or magnetically. Alternatively the species diffusing through the receiving layer configuration is/are (a) functional species precursor(s) which are catalyzed by or react with at least one species in the information carrier precursor to produce at least one species which is visually detectible once the reaction is completed i.e. is human readable, can be detected by the use of light via fluorescence or phosphorescence i.e. human readable with the assistance of an appropriate light source or is machine readable e.g. electrically or magnetically.
Diffusion Inhibitor
According to a tenth embodiment of the information carrier precursor, according to the present invention, the at least one opaque, porous layer further comprises a pattern-wise applied diffusion inhibitor. The diffusion inhibition can be partial or total and can be permanent or temporary. Examples of suitable diffusion inhibitors are liquids which fill the pores and which can be removed by evaporation, surface-active liquids, functional ingredients, such as fluorescent or phosphorescent compounds or fibres, and pigmented inks, particularly phase-change inks, the degree of pigmentation and the degree of penetration determining the degree of inhibition. The affinity of the particle ink type used may play a role in the penetration speed. For instance, a hydrophobic oil based ink will slower penetrate a rather hydrophilic receiving layer configuration, such as a silica containing layer, than an aqueous hydrophilic ink. Transparentization inhibitors are a particular type of diffusion inhibitor which specifically prevent penetration of transparentization liquids into the open pigment pores which provide the opacity of opaque transparentizable receiving layers containing at least one pigment and at least one binder.
The term “diffusion inhibitor”, as used in disclosing the present invention, means a substance which inhibits the transparentization of and hinders the diffusion of substances into opaque porous layers comprising at least one pigment and at least one binder and capable of transparentization with a lacquer, the substance being preferably a non-polymeric compound.
wherein M is hydrogen, an alkali atom or an ammonium group; R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl-, alkynyl-, thioalkyl-, thioalkenyl- or thioalkynyl-group in which the alkyl-, alkenyl- or alkynyl-group has 6 to 25 carbon atoms; X is —O—, —S— or —N(R2)—; and R2 is hydrogen, a —(CH2)mSO3M group or a
group; and m is an integer between 1 and 5, with in a preferred embodiment R1 being a dodecyl, a tridecyl, a tetradecyl, a pentadecyl, a hexadecyl, a heptadecyl or an octadecyl group and in a particularly preferred embodiment R1 being a dodecyl, a tridecyl, a tetradecyl, a pentadecyl, a hexadecyl, a heptadecyl or an octadecyl group and R2 being a —(CH2)mSO3M group.
wherein M is hydrogen, an alkali atom or an ammonium group; R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl-, alkynyl-, thioalkyl-, thioalkenyl- or thioalkynyl-group in which the alkyl-, alkenyl- or alkynyl-group has 6 to 25 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen, a —(CH2)mSO3M group or a
or a mixture of at least one compound represented by formula (III) with at least one compound represented by formula (IV), wherein M is hydrogen, an alkali atom or an ammonium group; R3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen, a —(CH2)mSO3M group or a
Substance Capable of and Available for Binding with at Least One Species Diffusing Through the Opaque Porous Parts of the Receiving Layer Configuration
According to a sixteenth embodiment of the information carrier precursor, according to the present invention, the at least one substance capable of and available for binding at least one species diffusing through the opaque porous parts of the receiving layer configuration is a mordant.
Functional Species Precursors
Functional species precursors, according to the present invention, are species diffusing through the receiving layer configuration, which interact with a catalyzing or reacting substance provided in at least one of the constituent receiving layers and the at least one optionally applied layer and rigid sheet or support in diffusion contact with the receiving layer configuration to produce a functional species.
Substance Capable of and Available for Catalyzing at Least One Species Diffusing Through the Opaque Porous Parts of the Receiving Layer Configuration
Substances capable of and available for catalyzing at least one species diffusing through the opaque porous parts of the receiving layer configuration interact with a functional species precursor to produce a functional species e.g. electroless deposition catalysts and metal or metal sulphide centres which react with metal from a diffusing metal complex.
The electroless deposition catalyst may be non-metallic, e.g. a palladium complex catalytic precursor, such as [(CH3—(CH2)16—CN)2PdCl2], a self-assembled monolayer terminated with amino or hydroxyl groups, a palladium-activated self-assembled monolayer, a surface-bound colloidal Pd(II) catalyst, activated carbon, polyacetylene or a heavy metal sulphide, such as palladium, silver, nickel, cobalt, copper, lead and mercury sulphides, or a mixed sulphide, e.g. silver-nickel sulphide, or metallic e.g. silver, platinum, rhodium, iridium, gold, ruthenium, palladium and copper particles.
Substance Capable of and Available for Reacting with at Least One Species Diffusing Through the Opaque Porous Parts of the Receiving Layer Configuration
According to a twenty-first embodiment of the information carrier precursor, according to the present invention, the at least one substance capable of and available for reacting with at least one species diffusing through the receiving layer configuration is a component capable with a functional species precursor of producing a functional species e.g. a cationic substance acting as a mordant and couplers which produce a visible dye, an infrared dye or a luminescing species upon reaction with an oxidized developing agent e.g. an oxidized aromatic primary amino-developing agent.
Other useful cationic compounds include DADMAC copolymers such as copolymers with acrylamide, e.g. NALCO 1470 trade mark of ONDEO Nalco or PAS-J-81, trademark of Nitto Boseki Co., such as copolymers of DADMAC with acrylates, such as Nalco 8190, trademark of ONDEO Nalco; copolymers of DADMAC with SO2, such as PAS-A-1 or PAS-92, trademarks of Nitto Boseki Co., copolymer of DADMAC with maleic acid, e.g. PAS-410, trademark of Nitto Boseki Co., copolymer of DADMAC with diallyl(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)amine hydrochloride, e.g. PAS-880, trademark of Nitto Boseki Co., dimethylamine-epichlorohydrine copolymers, e.g. Nalco 7135, trademark of ONDEO Nalco or POLYFIX 700, trade name of Showa High Polymer Co.; other POLYFIX grades which could be used are POLYFIX 601, POLYFIX 301, POLYFIX 301A, POLYFIX 250WS, and POLYFIX 3000 ; NEOFIX E-117, trade name of Nicca Chemical Co., a polyoxyalkylene polyamine dicyanodiamine, and REDIFLOC 4150, trade name of EKA Chemicals, a polyamine; MADAME (methacrylatedimethylaminoethyl=dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) or MADQUAT (methacryloxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride) modified polymers, e.g. ROHAGIT KL280, ROHAGIT 210, ROHAGIT SL144, PLEX 4739L, PLEX 3073 from Röhm, DIAFLOC KP155 and other DIAFLOC products from Diafloc Co., and BMB 1305 and other BMB products from EKA chemicals; cationic epichlorohydrin adducts such as POLYCUP 171 and POLYCUP 172, trade names from Hercules Co.; from Cytec industries: CYPRO products, e.g. CYPRO 514/515/516, SUPERFLOC 507/521/567; cationic acrylic polymers, such as ALCOSTAT 567, trademark of CIBA, cationic cellulose derivatives such as CELQUAT L-200, H-100, SC-240C, SC-230M, trade names of Starch & Chemical Co., and QUATRISOFT LM200, UCARE polymers JR125, JR400, LR400, JR30M, LR30M and UCARE polymer LK; fixing agents from Chukyo Europe: PALSET JK-512, PALSET JK512L, PALSET JK-182, PALSET JK-220, WSC-173, WSC-173L, PALSET JK-320, PALSET JK-320L and PALSET JK-350; polyethyleneimine and copolymers, e.g. LUPASOL, trade name of BASF AG; triethanolamine-titanium-chelate, e.g. TYZOR, trade name of Du Pont Co.; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone such as VIVIPRINT 111, trade name of ISP, a methacrylamido propyl dimethylamine copolymer; with dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate such as COPOLYMER 845 and COPOLYMER 937, trade names of ISP; with vinylimidazole, e.g. LUVIQUAT CARE, LUVITEC 73W, LUVITEC VPI55 K18P, LUVITEC VP155 K72W, LUVIQUAT FC905, LUVIQUAT FC550, LUVIQUAT HM522, and SOKALAN HP56, all trade names of BASF AG; polyamidoamines, e.g. RETAMINOL and NADAVIN, trade marks of Bayer AG; phosphonium compounds such as disclosed in EP 609930 and other cationic polymers such as NEOFIX RD-5, trademark of Nicca Chemical Co.
R represents a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group e.g. phenyl carrying at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, cyano, cyclohexyl, alkylsulphonamido, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group being unsubstituted or at least one of them having been substituted by a halogen atom, Y represents an alkyl group having at least 8 carbon atoms e.g. tetradecyl, which renders the coupler fast to diffusion in hydrophilic colloid media, Z is hydrogen or a substituent, e.g. a chlorine or bromine atom, that splits off during the coupling reaction, thus conferring 2-equivalent character to the coupler. Receiving Layer Configuration
The receiving layer configuration comprises a single layer or multiple layers. Only one of the constituent receiving layers of the receiving layer configuration need comprise at least one pigment, at least one binder and consists at least in part of areas which are both opaque and porous and which are transparentizable upon penetration by a lacquer. Multiple layers comprising the receiving layer configuration can be coated or printed simultaneously or sequentially and may have the same or different compositions e.g. to vary the porosity of the individual layers or to locate the at least one substance capable of and available for binding, catalyzing or reacting with at least one species diffusing through the receiving layer configuration can thereby be localized in one or more receiving layers in the receiving layer configuration, the substances in these layers being the same or different.
Furthermore, the constituent receiving layers may be lightly crosslinked to provide such desired features as waterfastness and non-blocking characteristics. However, the degree of cross-linking should be such that neither the diffusion of the functional species or functional species precursor nor the penetration of the lacquer should be substantially affected. Crosslinking is also useful in providing abrasion resistance and resistance to the formation of fingerprints on the element as a result of handling. There are a vast number of known crosslinking agents—also known as hardening agents—that will function to crosslink film forming binders. Hardening agents can be used individually or in combination and in free or in blocked form. A great many hardeners, useful for the present invention, are known, including formaldehyde and free dialdehydes, such as succinaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, blocked dialdehydes, active esters, sulphonate esters, active halogen compounds, isocyanate or blocked isocyanates, polyfunctional isocyanates, melamine derivatives, s-triazines and diazines, epoxides, active olefins having two or more active bonds, carbodiimides, zirconium complexes, e.g. BACOTE 20, ZIRMEL 1000 or zirconium acetate, trademarks of MEL Chemicals, titanium complexes, such as TYZOR grades from DuPont, isoxazolium salts substituted in the 3-position, esters of 2-alkoxy-N-carboxy-dihydroquinoline, N-carbamoylpyridinium salts, hardeners of mixed function, such as halogen-substituted aldehyde acids (e.g. mucochloric and mucobromic acids), onium substituted acroleins and vinyl sulphones and polymeric hardeners, such as dialdehyde starches and copoly(acroleinmethacrylic acid), and oxazoline functional polymers, e.g. EPOCROS WS-500, and EPOCROS K-1000 series, and maleic anhydride copolymers, e.g. GANTREZ AN119
Receiving Layer Pigment
The receiving layer pigment may be chosen from the inorganic pigments well-known in the art such as silica, talc, clay, hydrotalcite, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, aluminosilicate, aluminum trihydroxide, aluminum oxide (alumina), titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulphate, calcium sulphate, zinc sulphide, satin white, boehmite (alumina hydrate), zirconium oxide or mixed oxides. In a preferred embodiment the main pigment is chosen from silica, aluminosilicate, alumina, calcium carbonate, alumina hydrate, and aluminium trihydroxide.
SIPERNAT ® 570
The receiving layer binder(s) can be water-soluble, solvent soluble or a latex and can be chosen from a list of compounds well-known in the art including hydroxyethyl cellulose; hydroxypropyl cellulose; hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose; hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; hydroxybutylmethyl cellulose; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethylhydroxethyl cellulose; water soluble ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose; cellulose sulphate; polyvinyl alcohol; vinylalcohol copolymers; polyvinyl acetate; polyvinyl acetal; polyvinyl pyrrolidone; polyacrylamide; acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer; polystyrene, styrene copolymers; acrylic or methacrylic polymers; styrene/acrylic copolymers; ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer; vinylmethyl ether/maleic acid copolymer; poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid); poly(diethylene triamine-co-adipic acid); polyvinyl pyridine; polyvinyl imidazole; polyethylene imine epichlorohydrin modified; polyethylene imine ethoxylated; polyethylene oxide; polyurethane; melamine resins; gelatin; carrageenan; dextran; gum arabic; casein; pectin; albumin; starch; collagen derivatives; collodion and agar-agar.
According to a twenty-sixth embodiment of the information carrier precursor, according to the present invention, the at least one opaque, porous layer further comprises at least one latex, preferably with the at least one opaque, porous layer providing the outermost surface of the receiving layer configuration. Upon varying the pigment/latex ratio between 1.2 and 6.5 (2, 2.2, 2.45, 2.70, 2.75, 3.5, 3.78, 4.25, 5 and 6.25) with SYLOID® W-300 as pigment it was found that the amount of ink bleeding decreased with increasing pigment/latex ratio. At too high ratios of pigment/latex the receiving layer becomes too powdery. With SYLOID® W-300 the best image sharpness was observed at a weight ratio of total pigment to total latex of 2.0 to 3.2. Furthermore, the presence of very high latex concentrations prohibitively reduces the rub-resistance of the printed image.
If the outermost layer of the receiving layer configuration is an opaque, porous layer containing latex, as the latex concentration increases bleeding of ink-jet images printed on the outermost surface of the receiving layer configuration increases with the result that the raster of the ink-jet image is lost in favour of continuous tone imaging. Alternatively as the latex concentration in the outermost opaque, porous layer decreases ink-jet images on the outermost receiving layer become sharper and sharper. The best image quality was found with a total pigment to total latex of 2.0 to 3.2:1 in the case of SYLOID® W-300 as pigment. An increased latex content in the outermost layer of the receiving layer configuration also improves the offset-printability thereof due to the improved adhesion of offset-ink due to the improved adhesion of offset-ink.
According to a twenty-eighth embodiment of the information carrier precursor, according to the present invention, the rigid sheet or support comprises at least one layer and/or a multilayered laminate or co-extrudate. Such multilayer laminates include paper/polymer laminates. Examples of suitable co-extrudates are PET/PETG and PET/polycarbonate.
Refractive index at 20° C. with
Aspects of the present invention are also realized by a method for producing an information carrier, the method comprising the following steps: (i) providing the above-mentioned information carrier precursor; (ii) applying a composition comprising at least one functional species or functional species precursor pattern-wise to the outermost surface of the receiving layer configuration to produce a pattern in the information carrier precursor; (iii) applying the transparentizing lacquer to at least part of the areas of the outermost surface of the receiving layer configuration corresponding to the porous parts of the at least one opaque, porous layer thereby transparentizing at least in part the parts of the at least one opaque, porous layer which are opaque and porous to which the transparentizing lacquer has been applied; (iv) optionally curing the transparentizing lacquer; (v) if there are parts of the layer which are opaque and porous after step (iv) applying non-transparentizing lacquer to the opaque and porous parts of the outermost layer of the receiving layer configuration thereby filling the pores of those parts of the receiving layer configuration to which the transparentizing lacquer had not been applied; and (vi) optionally curing the non-transparentizing lacquer. This method in general results in a functional species which is visually detectible i.e. human readable, can be detected by the use of light via fluorescence or phosphorescence i.e. human readable with the assistance of an appropriate light source or are machine readable e.g. electrically or magnetically.
water based: the drying mechanism involves absorption, penetration and evaporation; oil based: drying involves absorption and penetration; solvent based: drying mechanism involves primarily evaporation; hot melt or phase change: the ink vehicle is liquid at the ejection temperature but solid at room temperature; drying is replaced by solidification; UV-curable: drying is replaced by photopolymerization. The colorants present in the ink jet ink may be dyes which are molecularly dissolved in the ink fluid, e.g. acid dyes which are bound by a cationic mordant in the ink receiver, or they may be pigments which are finely dispersed in the ink fluid. Transparentizing Lacquer Compositions
The substantial penetration of the at least one opaque, porous layer by the lacquer can be realized by controlling the penetration time and/or the affinity and/or the viscosity of the composition. The viscosity of the transparentizing lacquer composition is adjusted to ensure rapid penetration and hence rapid transparentization.
Non-Transparentizing Lacquer Composition
Non-transparentizing lacquer compositions giving an at least partially opaque background are also capable of penetrating into the at least one opaque, porous layer, but will have a refractive index that differs too much from the refractive index of the pigment, so that it is not capable to render the receiving layer configuration i.e. significantly more than 0.12 units above or below the refractive index of the pigment used in the receiving layer configuration e.g. by using vinyl carbazole or α-vinyl-naphthalene as the sole or comonomer (polyvinyl carbazole and poly-α-vinyl-naphthalene have refractive indices of 1.695 and 1.6818 respectively), with more than 0.13 units above or below the refractive index of the pigment used in the receiving layer configuration being preferred.
According to a first embodiment of the information carrier, according to the present invention, the information carrier is an identification card selected from the group consisting of an identity card, a security card, a driver's licence card, a social security card, a membership card, a time registration card, a bank card, a pay card, a credit card and a passport page.
Most types of ID cards have now the standardized dimensions of 85.6 mm×54.0 mm×0.76 mm. This final thickness can be reached by thermal lamination of one or more polymeric foils, e.g. PVC foils. The finished ID card can serve as an identity card, a security card, a driver's licence card, a social security card, a bank card, a membership card, a time registration card, a pay card and a credit card, etc.
Subbing Layers:
Copolymer of 88% vinylidene chloride, 10% methyl acrylate and 68.8 g 2% itaconic acid Kieselsol ™ 100F, a colloidal silica from BAYER 16.7 g Mersolat ™ H, a surfactant from BAYER 0.36 g Ultravon ™ W, a surfactant from CIBA-GEIGY 1.68 g Water to make 1000 g The coating solution for subbing layer No. 02 has the following composition and was coated at 30 m2/L:
Gelatin 11.4 g Kieselsol ™ 100F-30, a colloidal silica from BAYER 10.08 g Ultravon ™ W, a surfactant from CIBA-GEIGY 0.4 g Arkopal ™, a surfactant from CLARIANT 0.2 g Hexylene glycol 0.67 g Trimethylolpropane 0.33 g Copolymer of 74% maleic acid, 25% styrene and 1% 0.03 g methylmethacrylate Water to make 1000 g Gelatin Layers:
Gelatin 40 g Hostapon ™ T, a surfactant from CLARIANT 1 g Formaldehyde (4%) 40 g Water to make 1000 g Physical Development Layers:
Palladium sulphide physical development nuclei dispersion 200 g Zonyl ™ FSO-100, a surfactant from DUPONT 0.5 g Water to make 1000 g The preparation of the palladium sulphide physical development nuclei is described in the example of EP-A 0 769 723, herein incorporated by reference. From this example, solutions A1, B1 and C1 were used to prepare a nuclei-dispersion with a concentration of 0.0038 mol/L.
A 100 μm thick sheet of transparent polyethylene terephthalate subbed with subbing layer 1 was coated with subbing layer No 1 and then with the porous receiver layer dispersion with the composition given in table 1:
TABLE 1 Composition of porous receiver layer solution. Syloid ™ W300, a colloidal silica from GRACE GMBH 75.6 g Poval PVA R3109, a silanol modified polyvinyl alcohol from 2.3 g KURARAY CO. Catfloc ™ T2, a cationic polyelectrolyte from CALGON 5.6 g EUROPE Bronidox ™ K, biocide from HENKEL (5% solution in ethanol) 0.3 g Citric acid 0.3 g Polysol ™ EVA P-550, a 50% aqueous emulsion of an 100 g ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymer from SHOWA HIGH POLYMER CO. Aerosol ™ OT, a surfactant from CYTEC 1.5 g Tergitol ™ 4, a surfactant from UNION CARBIDE 1 g Water to make 1000 g using a 100 μm wirebar followed by drying at 50° C. producing an opaque porous layer with a layer thickness of 22 μm and an optical density of 0.19 measured with a MacBeth RB918-SB densitometer with a visible filter and with a black sheet of cardboard with a density of 1.35 placed under the transparent polyethylene terephthalate support. With a white background beneath the transparent polyethylene terephthalate support an optical density of 0.06 was measured with a visible filter indicating a certain transparency, although the “opaque” porous layer provides a white non-transparent film due to the extremely high haze of the layer of 97% as measured with a Haze-Gard Plus apparatus from BYK-GARDNER according to ASTM D1003.
TABLE 2 Optical density (visible Refractive index at filter/black background) of 20° C. with sodium “opaque” porous layer upon Liquid line at 589.3 nm wetting with the liquid deionized water 1.3325 0.70 methylethylketone 1.379 1.13 dichloromethane 1.4241 1.26 toluene 1.497 1.37 lacquer given in 1.40 Table 3 On the basis of the optical density achieved with the lacquer given in Table 3, extrapolation gives a value for the refractive index of the pigment in the opaque porous layer of ca. 1.52.
TABLE 3 Composition of UV curable transparent lacquer Isobornylacrylate 416.2 g Actilane ™ 411, a monofunctional acrylate diluent from AKZO 247.7 g NOBEL Ebecryl ™ 1039, an urethanemonoacrylate from UCB 178.4 g CHEMICALS Ebecryl ™ 11, a polyethylene glycol diacrylate from UCB 99.1 g CHEMICALS Irgacure ™ 500, a photo-initiator from CIBA-GEIGY 49.6 g Perenol ™ Konz (50% in ethyl acetate), a surfactant from 9 g HENKEL The resulting transparentization was assessed visually using the following criteria:
TABLE 5 Optical density Optical density Optical density Optical density Quantity with 1 μL with 2 μL with 5 μL with 10 μL Water 1.36 1.38 1.40 0.66 (1 × 10−6 g/cm2) (2 × 10−6 g/cm2) (5.3 × 10−6 g/cm2) (5 × 10−6 g/cm2) Concentration 5% 1.39 1.33 1.41 1.40 of aqueous (5 × 10−8 g/cm2) (1 × 10−7 g/cm2) (2.5 × 10−7 g/cm2) (5 × 10−7 g/cm2) solution of 7% 1.32 1.37 1.40 0.74 INHIBITOR 104 (7 × 10−8 g/cm2) (2.8 × 10−7 g/cm2) (7 × 10−7 g/cm2) (1.4 × 10−6 g/cm2) 10% 0.97 1.33 0.35 0.15 (2 × 10−7 g/cm2) (4 × 10−7 g/cm2) (10−6 g/cm2) (2 × 10−6 g/cm2) Concentration 10% 1.27 1.14 1.02 0.19 of INHIBITOR (10−7 g/cm2) (7 × 10−7 g/cm2) (7.8 × 10−7 g/cm2) (2 × 10−6 g/cm2) 104 in 90/10 water/ethanol Concentration 10% 1.30 1.19 1.09 0.49 of INHIBITOR (10−7 g/cm2) (2 × 10−7 g/cm2) (5 × 10−7 g/cm2) (10−6 g/cm2) 104 in 80/20 water/ethanol Concentration 10% 1.32 1.37 1.37 0.34 of INHIBITOR (10−7 g/cm2) (2 × 10−7 g/cm2) (5 × 10−7 g/cm2) (10−6 g/cm2) 104 in 70/30 water/ethanol Concentration 10% 1.36 1.32 1.35 1.38 of INHIBITOR (10−7 g/cm2) (2 × 10−7 g/cm2) (5 × 10−7 g/cm2) (10−7 g/cm2) 104 in 60/40 water/ethanol Concentration 10% 1.39 1.25 0.74 1.38 of INHIBITOR (10−7 g/cm2) (2 × 10−7 g/cm2) (5 × 10−7 g/cm2) (10−7 g/cm2) 104 in 50/50 water/ethanol Concentration 10% 1.26 0.83 1.24 0.64 of INHIBITOR (10−7 g/cm2) (4 × 10−7 g/cm2) (4.4 × 10−7 g/cm2) (1.05 × 10−6 g/cm2) 104 in 40/60 water/ethanol The results in Table 5 show that 1 μL, 2 μL and 5 μL of water provide no inhibition of the transparentization process, but that 10 μL of water is sufficient to provide for partial inhibition of the transparentization process.
The results in Table 5 clearly show that the presence of ethanol in the carrier medium reduces the inhibiting influence of INHIBITOR 104 for the same quantity of INHIBITOR 104. This is presumably due to preferred adsorption of ethanol over water and INHIBITOR 104. Effective inhibition appears, in the absence of ethanol, to require the deposition of between 10−3 and 2×10−3 g/cm2. The haze of such layers measured as described above was 98%.
(1.3 ×
(7.8 ×
(3.2 ×
(1 ×
A diffractive pattern was created on Receiving Media nr. 2 and 4 by hot embossing at 110° C. with a nickel shim (DIFTONE from AVANTONE OY) on the side of the Receiving media coated with physical development layer No. 1. utilizing an Interlock Cardjet laminator. at a temperature setting of 200° C. and pressure setting of 1000 kg.
The diffraction patterns on Receiving media nr. 2 and 4 were then coated with a porous receiver layer solution with the composition given in Table 1 of INVENTION EXAMPLE 1 using a 100 μm wirebar and the layer dried at 50° C. to provide the information carrier precursors of INVENTION EXAMPLES 2 and 3. Due to the opaque layer, the diffractive pattern was no longer visible.
A silver layer was deposited on physical development layer No. 1 ceiving medium nr 1 via a diffusion transfer reversal (DTR) process by bringing transfer emulsion layer NPC6 (Copyproof Negative Film from AGFA-GEVAERT™) in contact with receiving layer configurations of the information carrier precursors of INVENTION EXAMPLES 2 and 3 at 25° C. for 1 minute with an AGFA-GEVAERT™ CP297 developer solution and subsequently drying at room temperature.
Finally, Scotchgard™ Phototool Protector (from 3M) was applied with a 10 μm wirebar and cured by means of a DRSE-120 conveyor with VPS/1600 UV lamp (speed 20 m/min, 100% UV power setting, one pass).
Dispersion A was first prepared by mixing the following ingredients:
After drying, the resulting information carrier precursor was processed in contact with a photographic dye diffusion transfer material [Agisscolor Negative™ material (format: A4) (Agfa-Gevaert N.V.)], which had been previously image-wise exposed, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,496,645.
The Agisscolor Negative™ material (format: A4) (Agfa-Gevaert N.V.) was contacted with the information carrier precursor in a Copyproof CP38™ (Agfa-Gevaert N.V.) apparatus filled with G830b™ (Agfa-Gevaert N.V.) activator solution. After a contact time of approx. 1 min. the information carrier precursor was peeled off from the Agisscolor Negative™ material, rinsed in water for 10 sec. and dried.
The optical densities were measured with a Macbeth™ RD918SB densitometer. The results are given in Table 9 together with the filters used in the measurements and the optical densities of a dye diffusion image on regular Agisscolor Positive under the same imaging and processing conditions in brackets.
TABLE 9 Optical densities of dye diffusion transfer image colours Dye diffusion transfer image: Filter solid coloured areas selection Blue Green Red Visual filter 0.98 (1.77) 0.33 (0.78) 0.71 (1.03) Green filter 1.21 (1.96) 0.24 (0.52) 1.05 (1.90) Blue filter 0.40 (0.64) 1.37 (1.90) 1.35 (1.92) Red filter 0.55 (1.98) 0.47 (1.87) 0.10 (0.23) In addition to the above described dye diffusion transfer (DDT) image, a second image was built up on this DDT-imaged receiver using an Epson Stylus Color 900 inkjet printer. The optical densities of this inkjet image measured with a Macbeth™ RD918SB densitometer with the filters used in these measurements are given in Table 10, for the sake of completeness.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2352014Jul 21, 1941Jun 20, 1944Andre RottPhotomechanical printing process and printing material for carrying out the sameUS2984030Apr 18, 1960May 16, 1961Laminators IncIdentification cardUS3279826May 27, 1964Oct 18, 1966Virginia Laminating CompanyCredentialUS3332775Oct 26, 1964Jul 25, 1967Interdia G M B HMethod for the photographic production of an original for printing purposes with the aid of a line screenUS3414998Jun 1, 1966Dec 10, 1968Berger LouisCounterfeitproof, encapsulated identification cardUS3675948Sep 10, 1969Jul 11, 1972American Bank Note CoPrinting method and article for hiding halftone imagesUS3827726May 2, 1972Aug 6, 1974Polaroid CorpIdentification cardsUS3961956May 15, 1975Jun 8, 1976Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Method for production of and distinction between combined validification and identification photographsUS4252601Jun 5, 1978Feb 24, 1981La CellophaneWriting liquid for use with an opaque recording material for forming transparencies for overhead projection and the likeUS4278756Jul 6, 1979Jul 14, 1981Drexler Technology CorporationReflective data storage medium made by silver diffusion transferUS4499211Jul 27, 1982Feb 12, 1985Hoechst AktiengesellschaftOpen-cell/microporous molded articleUS4820608Oct 21, 1987Apr 11, 1989Agfa-Gevaert, N.V.Dye diffusion transfer imaging process and image receptor used thereinUS6358596Apr 27, 1999Mar 19, 2002The Standard Register CompanyMulti-functional transparent secure marksUS6364993Sep 1, 1999Apr 2, 2002Bryan A. NetschMaterial containing a water activatable coatingUS6645280May 26, 2000Nov 11, 2003Videojet Technologies Inc.Jet ink composition for printing watermarksUS6723383Mar 19, 2001Apr 20, 2004Sri InternationalPreparation of images on a substrate surface utilizing an opaque coating composition that becomes transparent upon printingUS7771816 *Apr 20, 2007Aug 10, 2010Agfa-Gevaert NvInformation carrier precursor and information carrier produced therewithEP0250658A1Jul 4, 1986Jan 7, 1988AGFA-GEVAERT naamloze vennootschapDye image receiving materialEP0390638B1Mar 20, 1990Feb 23, 1994Arjo Wiggins S.A.Base-sheet for security document, with a transparent coatingEP1362710B1May 16, 2002May 24, 2006Agfa-GevaertImproved carrier of information, and id cardEP1398175A2Sep 4, 2003Mar 17, 2004Agfa-GevaertCarrier of information bearing a watermarkGB840731A Title not availableGB1073433A Title not availableGB1243045A Title not availableGB1321046A Title not availableGB1405662A Title not availableGB1520904A Title not availableGB1546103A Title not availableGB1581388A Title not availableJPH10157280A Title not availableWO1981001389A1Nov 13, 1980May 28, 1981Minnesota Mining & MfgDemand and timed renewing imaging mediaWO2004052655A1Dec 8, 2003Jun 24, 2004Pixterra, Inc.Opaque or semi-opaque layer coated ink-jet recording medium* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Research Disclosure nr. 15.157 (Apr. 1977), pp. 32-39.Classifications U.S. Classification428/204, 428/212, 428/323, 428/32.34, 428/206, 428/32.18, 427/243International ClassificationB32B7/14Cooperative ClassificationB42D25/415, B41M5/0029, B42D25/21, Y10T428/249953, Y10T428/12007, Y10T428/24876, Y10T428/252, Y10T428/24942, Y10T428/25, Y10T428/24893, B42D25/00, B42D25/29, B42D2033/08, B42D2033/04, G03C8/423, G03C8/52European ClassificationB41M5/00P, B42D15/10, B42D15/00C, G03C8/52, G03C8/42KLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 24, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: AGFA-GEVAERT, BELGIUMFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LEENDERS, LUC;DAEMS, EDDIE;REEL/FRAME:019338/0916Effective date: 20070426Jan 16, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: AGFA-GEVAERT N.V., BELGIUMFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WERTS, MICHEL;REEL/FRAME:020373/0580Effective date: 20071029Jul 17, 2015REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedDec 6, 2015LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJan 26, 2016FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20151206RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services