Source: https://irc.bloombergtax.com/public/uscode/doc/irc/section_61
Timestamp: 2019-12-06 11:19:22
Document Index: 627782283

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61', '§ 61']

Internal Revenue Code, § 61. Gross Income Defined
I.R.C. § 61(a) General Definition —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(1) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(2) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(3) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(4) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(5) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(6) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(7) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(8) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(9) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(10) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(11) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(12) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(13) —
I.R.C. § 61(a)(14) —
I.R.C. § 61(b) Cross References —
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 17 ; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98-369, div. A, title V, 531(c), 98 Stat. 884; Pub. L. 115-97, title I, Sec. 11051(b)(1)(A), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2054.)
1982—Pub. L. 97-248, title II, 204(c)(2), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 427, added item for part XI.
1977—Pub. L. 95-30, title I, 101(e)(3), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 135, substituted “Determination of marital status” for “Standard deduction for individuals” in item for part IV.
1976—Pub. L. 94-455, title XIX, 1901(b)(4)(C), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1793, substituted “taxable income, etc.” for “and taxable income.” in item for part I.
1962—Pub. L. 87-870, 1(b), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1160, added item for part X.
1986—Pub. L. 99-514, title I, 132(d), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2116, added item 67.
1984—Pub. L. 98-369, div. A, title IV, 424(b)(2)(C), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 803, struck out “where spouses live apart” in item 66.
1980—Pub. L. 96-605, title I, 101(b), Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3522, added item 66.
1976—Pub. L. 94-455, title XIX, 1901(b)(4)(A), (B), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1793, substituted “TAXABLE INCOME, ETC." for “AND TAXABLE INCOME” in part heading, and added items 64 and 65.
2017—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115-97, Sec. 11051(b)(1)(A), amended subsec. (a) by striking par. (8) and by redesignating pars. (9) through (15) as pars. (8) through (14), respectively.
Before being struck, former par. (8) read as follows: “(8) Alimony and separate maintenance payments;”.
1984—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98-369 inserted reference to fringe benefits.
Amendments by Pub. L. 115-97, Sec. 11051(b)(1)(A), effective for any divorce or separation instrument executed after December 31, 2018.
Pub. L. 115-97, Sec. 11051(c), provided that:
Section 343 of Pub. L. 114-113, Div. Q, provided that:
“SEC. 343. EXCLUSION FROM GROSS INCOME OF CERTAIN CLEAN COAL POWER GRANTS TO NON-CORPORATE TAXPAYERS.
“(a) GENERAL RULE.—In the case of an eligible taxpayer other than a corporation, gross income for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall not include any amount received under section 402 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
“(b) REDUCTION IN BASIS.—The basis of any property subject to the allowance for depreciation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which is acquired with any amount to which subsection (a) applies during the 12-month period beginning on the day such amount is received shall be reduced by an amount equal to such amount. The excess (if any) of such amount over the amount of the reduction under the preceding sentence shall be applied to the reduction (as of the last day of the period specified in the preceding sentence) of the basis of any other property held by the taxpayer. The particular properties to which the reductions required by this subsection are allocated shall be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury (or the Secretary's delegate) under regulations similar to the regulations under section 362(c)(2) of such Code.
“(c) LIMITATION TO AMOUNTS WHICH WOULD BE CONTRIBUTIONS TO CAPITAL.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to any amount unless such amount, if received by a corporation, would be excluded from gross income under section 118 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
“(d) ELIGIBLE TAXPAYER.—For purposes of this section, with respect to any amount received under section 402 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the term ‘‘eligible taxpayer’’ means a taxpayer that makes a payment to the Secretary of the Treasury (or the Secretary's delegate) equal to 1.18 percent of the amount so received. Such payment shall be made at such time and in such manner as such Secretary (or the Secretary's delegate) shall prescribe. In the case of a partnership, such Secretary (or the Secretary's delegate) shall prescribe regulations to determine the allocation of such payment amount among the partners.
“(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply to amounts received under section 402 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2011.”
INDIVIDUAL INDIAN MONEY ACCOUNT LITIGATION SETTLEMENT
Section 101(f) of Pub. L. 111-291 provided that:
“(f) Taxation and Other Benefits-
“(1) INTERNAL REVENUE CODE- For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, amounts received by an individual Indian as a lump sum or a periodic payment pursuant to the Settlement shall not be—
“(A) included in gross income; or
“(B) taken into consideration for purposes of applying any provision of the Internal Revenue Code that takes into account excludable income in computing adjusted gross income or modified adjusted gross income, including section 86 of that Code (relating to Social Security and tier 1 railroad retirement benefits).
“(2) OTHER BENEFITS- Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for purposes of determining initial eligibility, ongoing eligibility, or level of benefits under any Federal or federally assisted program, amounts received by an individual Indian as a lump sum or a periodic payment pursuant to the Settlement shall not be treated for any household member, during the 1-year period beginning on the date of receipt—
“(A) as income for the month during which the amounts were received; or
“(B) as a resource.”
EXCLUSION OF CARS PROGRAM VOUCHERS FROM INCOME
Section 1302(h) of Pub. L. 111-32 provided that:
“(1) FOR PURPOSES OF ALL FEDERAL AND STATE PROGRAMS.—A voucher issued under this program [Consumer Assistance to Recycle and Save (CARS)] or any payment made for such a voucher pursuant to subsection (a)(3) shall not be regarded as income and shall not be regarded as a resource for the month of receipt of the voucher and the following 12 months, for purposes of determining the eligibility of the recipient of the voucher (or the recipient's spouse or other family or household members) for benefits or assistance, or the amount or extent of benefits or assistance, under any Federal or State program.
“(2) FOR PURPOSES OF TAXATION.—A voucher issued under the program or any payment made for such a voucher pursuant to subsection (a)(3) shall not be considered as gross income of the purchaser of a vehicle for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.”
Section 2201(c) of Pub. L. 111-5 provided that:
“ (1) PAYMENT TO BE DISREGARDED FOR PURPOSES OF ALL FEDERAL AND FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS.—A payment under subsection (a) shall not be regarded as income and shall not be regarded as a resource for the month of receipt and the following 9 months, for purposes of determining the eligibility of the recipient (or the recipient's spouse or family) for benefits or assistance, or the amount or extent of benefits or assistance, under any Federal program or under any State or local program financed in whole or in part with Federal funds.
“(4) PAYMENTS SUBJECT TO OFFSET.—Notwithstanding paragraph (3), for purposes of section 3716 of title 31, United States Code, any payment made under this section shall not be considered a benefit payment or cash benefit made under the applicable program described in subparagraph (B) or (C) of subsection (a)(1) and all amounts paid shall be subject to offset to collect delinquent debts.”
EXCLUSION FROM INCOME FOR PAYMENTS FROM THE HOKIE SPIRIT MEMORIAL FUND.
Section 1 of Pub. L. 110-141 provided that: “For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, gross income shall not include any amount received from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, out of amounts transferred from the Hokie Spirit Memorial Fund established by the Virginia Tech Foundation, an organization organized and operated as described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, if such amount is paid on account of the tragic event on April 16, 2007, at such university.”
WITHDRAWAL OF CERTAIN FEDERAL LAND AND INTERESTS IN CERTAIN FEDERAL LAND FROM LOCATION, ENTRY, AND PATENT UNDER THE MINING LAWS AND DISPOSITION UNDER THE MINERAL AND GEOTHERMAL LEASING LAWS
Section 403(c) of Pub. L. 109-432, div. C, provided that:
“(c) Tax Incentive for Sale of Existing Mineral and Geothermal Rights to Tax-Exempt Entities-
“(1) EXCLUSION.—For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, gross income shall not include 25 percent of the qualifying gain from a conservation sale of a qualifying mineral or geothermal interest.
“(2) QUALIFYING GAIN.—For purposes of this subsection, the term “qualifying gain” means any gain which would be recognized as long-term capital gain under such Code.
“(3) CONSERVATION SALE.—For purposes of this subsection, the term “conservation sale” means a sale which meets the following requirements:
“(A) TRANSFEREE IS AN ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The transferee of the qualifying mineral or geothermal interest is an eligible entity.
“(B) QUALIFYING LETTER OF INTENT REQUIRED.—At the time of the sale, such transferee provides the taxpayer with a qualifying letter of intent.
“(C) NONAPPLICATION TO CERTAIN SALES.—The sale is not made pursuant to an order of condemnation or eminent domain.
“(4) QUALIFYING MINERAL OR GEOTHERMAL INTEREST.—For purposes of this subsection—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “qualifying mineral or geothermal interest” means an interest in any mineral or geothermal deposit located on eligible Federal land which constitutes a taxpayer's entire interest in such deposit.
“(B) ENTIRE INTEREST.—For purposes of subparagraph (A)—
“ (i) an interest in any mineral or geothermal deposit is not a taxpayer's entire interest if such interest in such mineral or geothermal deposit was divided in order to avoid the requirements of such subparagraph or section 170(f)(3)(A) of such Code, and
“(ii) a taxpayer's entire interest in such deposit does not fail to satisfy such subparagraph solely because the taxpayer has retained an interest in other deposits, even if the other deposits are contiguous with such certain deposit and were acquired by the taxpayer along with such certain deposit in a single conveyance.
“(A) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term “eligible entity” means—
“(i) a governmental unit referred to in section 170(c)(1) of such Code, or an agency or department thereof operated primarily for 1 or more of the conservation purposes specified in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of section 170(h)(4)(A) of such Code, or
“(ii) an entity which is—
“(I) described 170(b)(1)(A)(vi) in section or section 170(h)(3)(B) of such Code, and
“(II) organized and at all times operated primarily for 1 or more of the conservation purposes specified in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of section 170(h)(4)(A) of such Code.
“(B) QUALIFYING LETTER OF INTENT.—The term “qualifying letter of intent” means a written letter of intent which includes the following statement: “The transferee's intent is that this acquisition will serve 1 or more of the conservation purposes specified in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of section 170(h)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, that the transferee's use of the deposits so acquired will be consistent with section 170(h)(5) of such Code, and that the use of the deposits will continue to be consistent with such section, even if ownership or possession of such deposits is subsequently transferred to another person.”.
“(6) TAX ON SUBSEQUENT TRANSFERS.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—A tax is hereby imposed on any subsequent transfer by an eligible entity of ownership or possession, whether by sale, exchange, or lease, of an interest acquired directly or indirectly in—
“(i) a conservation sale described in paragraph (1), or
“(ii) a transfer described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (D).
“(B) AMOUNT OF TAX.—The amount of tax imposed by subparagraph (A) on any transfer shall be equal to the sum of—
“(i) 20 percent of the fair market value (determined at the time of the transfer) of the interest the ownership or possession of which is transferred, plus
“(I) the highest rate of tax specified in section 11 of such Code, times
“(II) any gain or income realized by the transferor as a result of the transfer.
“(C) LIABILITY.—The tax imposed by subparagraph (A) shall be paid by the transferor.
“(D) RELIEF FROM LIABILITY.—The person (otherwise liable for any tax imposed by subparagraph (A)) shall be relieved of liability for the tax imposed by subparagraph (A) with respect to any transfer if—
“(i) the transferee is an eligible entity which provides such person, at the time of transfer, a qualifying letter of intent,
“(ii) in any case where the transferee is not an eligible entity, it is established to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury, that the transfer of ownership or possession, as the case may be, will be consistent with section 170(h)(5) of such Code, and the transferee provides such person, at the time of transfer, a qualifying letter of intent, or
“(iii) tax has previously been paid under this paragraph as a result of a prior transfer of ownership or possession of the same interest.
“(E) ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.—For purposes of subtitle F of such Code, the taxes imposed by this paragraph shall be treated as excise taxes with respect to which the deficiency procedures of such subtitle apply.
“(7) REPORTING.—The Secretary of the Treasury may require such reporting as may be necessary or appropriate to further the purpose under this subsection that any conservation use be in perpetuity.”
Section 403(d) of Pub. L. 109-432, div. C, provided that: “subsection (c) shall apply to sales occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Enacted: Dec. 20, 2006].”
INCOME INCLUSION SPREAD OVER 3 YEAR PERIOD FOR QUALIFIED HURRICANE KATRINA DISTRIBUTIONS
Section 101(e) of Pub. L. 109-73, before repeal by Pub. L. 109-135, Sec. 201(b)(4) (effective Dec. 21, 2005) provided that:
“(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of any qualified Hurricane Katrina distribution, unless the taxpayer elects not to have this subsection apply for any taxable year, any amount required to be included in gross income for such taxable year shall be so included ratably over the 3-taxable year period beginning with such taxable year.
“(2) SPECIAL RULE.—For purposes of paragraph (1), rules similar to the rules of subparagraph (E) of section 408A(d)(3) of such Code shall apply.”
“(a) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, gross income of an individual for taxable years ending on or after August 25, 2005, does not include amounts received, from an organization described in section 170(c) of such Code, as reimbursement of operating expenses with respect to use of a passenger automobile for the benefit of such organization in connection with providing relief relating to Hurricane Katrina during the period beginning on August 25, 2005, and ending on December 31, 2006. The preceding sentence shall apply only to the extent that the expenses which are reimbursed would be deductible under chapter 1 of such Code if section 274(d) of such Code were applied—
“(c) NO DOUBLE BENEFIT.—No deduction or credit shall be allowed under any other provision of such Code with respect to the expenses excludable from gross income under subsection (a).”
“(a) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, gross income shall not include any amount which (but for this section) would be includible in gross income by reason of the discharge (in whole or in part) of indebtedness of a natural person described in subsection (b) by an applicable entity (as defined in section 6050P(c)(1) of such Code).
“(b) PERSONS DESCRIBED.—A natural person is described in this subsection if the principal place of abode of such person on August 25, 2005, was located—
“(1) BUSINESS INDEBTEDNESS.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to any indebtedness incurred in connection with a trade or business.
“(2) REAL PROPERTY OUTSIDE CORE DISASTER AREA.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to any discharge of indebtedness to the extent that real property constituting security for such indebtedness is located outside of the Hurricane Katrina disaster area.
“(d) DENIAL OF DOUBLE BENEFIT.—For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the amount excluded from gross income under subsection (a) shall be treated in the same manner as an amount excluded under section 108(a) of such Code.
“(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply to discharges made on or after August 25, 2005, and before January 1, 2007.”
“(a) IN GENERAL— For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986—
TREATMENT OF LOSS COMPENSATION
Section 301(b) of Pub. L. 107-42 provided that:
“(b) Treatment of Loss Compensation.—Nothing any any provision of law shall be construed to exclude from gross income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 any compensation received under section 101(a)(2) [Aviation Disaster Relief] of this Act.”
Section 803 of Pub. L. 107-16 provided that:
“(a) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, any excludable restitution payments received by an eligible individual (or the individual's heirs or estate) and any excludable interest—
“(b) ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUAL.—For purposes of this section, the term “eligible individual” means a person who was persecuted on the basis of race, religion, physical or mental disability, or sexual orientation by Nazi Germany, any other Axis regime, or any other Nazi-controlled or Nazi-allied country.
“(c) EXCLUDABLE RESTITUTION PAYMENT.—For purposes of this section, the term “excludable restitution payment" means any payment or distribution to an individual (or the individual's heirs or estate) which—
“(1) is payable by reason of the individual's status as an eligible individual, including any amount payable by any foreign country, the United States of America, or any other foreign or domestic entity, or a fund established by any such country or entity, any amount payable as a result of a final resolution of a legal action, and any amount payable under a law providing for payments or restitution of property;
“(2) constitutes the direct or indirect return of, or compensation or reparation for, assets stolen or hidden from, or otherwise lost to, the individual before, during, or immediately after World War II by reason of the individual's status as an eligible individual, including any proceeds of insurance under policies issued on eligible individuals by European insurance companies immediately before and during World War II; or
“(d) EXCLUDABLE INTEREST.—For purposes of this section, the term “excludable interest” means any interest earned by—
“(1) escrow accounts or settlement funds established pursuant to the settlement of the action entitled “In re: Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation,” (E.D.N.Y.) C.A. No. 96-4849,
“(2) funds to benefit eligible individuals or their heirs created by the International Commission on Holocaust Insurance Claims as a result of the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the Foundation “Remembrance, Responsibility, and Future,” dated July 17, 2000, or
“(3) similar funds subject to the administration of the United States courts created to provide excludable restitution payments to eligible individuals (or eligible individuals' heirs or estates).
“(2) NO INFERENCE.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed to create any inference with respect to the proper tax treatment of any amount received before January 1, 2000.”
Section 1026 of Pub. L. 98-369, as amended by Pub. L. 99-514, 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:
“(a) In General.—In the case of any transfer of property subject to gift tax made before March 4, 1981, for purposes of subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954 , 26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.], gross income of the donor shall not include any amount attributable to the donee's payment of (or agreement to pay) any gift tax imposed with respect to such gift.
PAYMENT IN—KIND TAX TREATMENT ACT OF 1983
Pub. L. 98-4, Mar. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 7, as amended by Pub. L. 98-369, div. A, title X, 1061(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1046; Pub. L. 99-514, 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 100-647, title VI, 6252(a)(1), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3752, provided that:
“(a) Income Tax Deferral, Etc.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act, for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954 ]—
“(4) Receipt includes right to receive, etc.–A right to receive (or other constructive receipt of) a commodity shall be treated the same as actual receipt of such commodity.
[Section 1061(b) of Pub. L. 98-369 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending Pub. L. 98-4 set out above] shall apply with respect to commodities received for the 1984 crop year (as defined in section 5(a)(2) of the Payment-in-Kind Tax Treatment Act of 1983 [Pub. L. 98-4, set out above] as amended by subsection (a))."]
Pub. L. 95-427, 1, Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 996, as amended by Pub. L. 96-167, 1, Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1275; Pub. L. 97-34, title VIII, 801, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 349; Pub. L. 99-514, 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:
“(b) Definition of Fringe Benefit Regulation.—For purposes of subsection (a), the term ‘fringe benefit regulation’ means a regulation providing for the inclusion of any fringe benefit in gross income by reason of section 61 of the Internal Revenue Codeof 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954 ].”
Pub. L. 95-615, 3, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3097, as amended by Pub. L. 99-514, 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that no regulations be issued in final form on or after Oct. 1, 1977, and before July 1, 1978, providing for inclusion of any fringe benefit in gross income by reason of section 61 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954 ], ceased to have effect on the day after Nov. 8, 1978, pursuant to section 210(a) of that Act.
Pub. L. 94-455, title XXI, 2117, Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1911, as amended by Pub. L. 95-600, title I, 162, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2810; Pub. L. 99-514, 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that no amount be included in gross income of an individual for purposes of 26 U.S.C. 61 by reason of the discharge made before Jan. 1, 1983 of the indebtedness of the individual under a student loan if the discharge was pursuant to a provision of the loan under which the indebtedness of the individual would be discharged if the individual worked for a certain period of time in certain geographical areas or for certain classes of employers.
Pub. L. 94-455, title XXI, 2119, Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1912, as amended by Pub. L. 99-514, 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:
“(a) General Rule.—With respect to taxable years beginning on or before the date on which regulations dealing with prepublication expenditures are issued after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1976], the application of sections 61 (as it relates to cost of goods sold), 162, 174, 263, and 471 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954 ] to any prepublication expenditure shall be administered--
“(1) without regard to Revenue Ruling 73-395, and
Pub. L. 86-780, 5, Sept. 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 1013, provided for the exclusion from gross income of any amount received after Dec. 31, 1949, and before Oct. 1, 1955, by employees of certain corporations as reimbursement for moving expenses, and the refund or credit of any overpayments.
Pub. L. 95-615, 210(a), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3109, provided that: “Title I of this Act [probably means sections 1 to 8 of Pub. L. 95-615, see Short Title of 1978 Amendment note under section 1 of this title] (other than sections 4 and 5 thereof) [amending section 167 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1, 61, and 62 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 117, 167, and 382 of this title] shall cease to have effect on the day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1978].”