Source: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/153/made
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Status:This is the original version (as it was originally made). UK Statutory Instruments are not carried in their revised form on this site.Statutory Instruments2009 No. 153Environmental Protection, EnglandThe Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009Made29th January 2009Laid before Parliament2nd February 2009Coming into force1st March 2009 The Secretary of State has been designated in respect of the environment(1) for the purposes of section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972(2), and makes these Regulations under the powers conferred by that section as read with paragraph 1A of Schedule 2 to that Act.
PART 1Introductory provisionsTitle, commencement and application1.—(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009 and come into force on 1st March 2009.
(2) They apply in England and the areas specified in regulation 6.
“activity” means any economic activity, whether public or private and whether or not carried out for profit and “operator” means the person who operates or controls such an activity, including the holder of a permit or authorisation relating to that activity, or the person registering or notifying such an activity;
(a)where there is a unitary authority for that local government area, that authority;
(ii)in a non-metropolitan county, the district council;
(v)on the Isles of Scilly, the Council of the Isles of Scilly;
(a)the habitats of species mentioned in Article 4(2) of, or Annex I to, Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds(3) or listed in Annex II to Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora(4);
(b)the natural habitats listed in Annex I to Council Directive 92/43/EEC ; and
(c)the breeding sites or resting places of the species listed in Annex IV to Council Directive 92/43/EEC ;
(c)species or habitats on a site of special scientific interest for which the site has been notified under section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981(5);
“protected species” means the species mentioned in Article 4(2) of Council Directive 79/409/EEC or listed in Annex I to that Directive or Annexes II and IV to Council Directive 92/43/EEC ;
“services” means the functions performed by a natural resource for the benefit of another natural resource or the public.
(2) Unless otherwise defined in these Regulations, expressions used in Directive 2004/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage(6) have the same meaning in these Regulations.
References to Community instruments3. References in Schedule 2 to Community instruments are references to those instruments as amended from time to time.
Meaning of “environmental damage”4.—(1) These Regulations apply in relation to the prevention and remediation of environmental damage; and “environmental damage” is damage to—
(a)protected species or natural habitats, or a site of special scientific interest,
(b)surface water or groundwater, or
(c)land,
(2) Environmental damage to protected species or natural habitats or a site of special scientific interest means damage of a kind specified in Schedule 1.
(3) Environmental damage to surface water means damage to a surface water body classified as such pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy(7) such that—
changes sufficiently to lower the status of the water body in accordance with Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (whether or not the water body is in fact reclassified as being of lower status).
(4) Environmental damage to groundwater means any damage to a body of groundwater such that its conductivity, level or concentration of pollutants changes sufficiently to lower its status pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (and for pollutants Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration(8)) (whether or not the body of groundwater is in fact reclassified as being of lower status).
(5) Environmental damage to land means contamination of land by substances, preparations, organisms or micro-organisms that results in a significant risk of adverse effects on human health.
Environmental damage to which these Regulations apply5.—(1) These Regulations apply in relation to environmental damage if it is caused by an activity in Schedule 2.
Areas of application6.—(1) The damage must be in an area specified in the following table.
Type of damageArea in which these Regulations apply (a)These areas do not include areas that form part of Northern Ireland, Scotland or Wales or the territorial sea adjacent to the Isle of Man, Jersey(9) or Guernsey; and for these purposes—
(i)Wales is as defined in section 158(1) of the Government of Wales Act 2006(10);
(ii)Scotland is as defined in section 126(1) of the Scotland Act 1998(11); and
(iii)Northern Ireland is as defined in section 98 of the Northern Ireland Act 1998(12).
Damage to waterEngland and all water up to one nautical mile seaward from the baseline in EnglandDamage in a site of special scientific interestEnglandDamage to protected species or natural habitats England
The seabed of the continental shelf(a) Anywhere other than the seabed in the renewable energy zone(a) Damage to landEngland(2) In this table—
“the baseline” means the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured for the purposes of the Territorial Sea Act 1987(13);
“the continental shelf” means the areas designated by Order in Council under section 1(7) of the Continental Shelf Act 1964(14); and
“the renewable energy zone” means the waters superjacent to the seabed situated within the areas designated by Order in Council under section 84(4) of the Energy Act 2004(15).
Other legislation7.—(1) These Regulations are without prejudice to any other enactment concerning damage to the environment.
(2) They are without prejudice to the right of an operator to limit liability in accordance with the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976(16).
Exemptions8.—(1) These Regulations do not apply in relation to—
(a)damage that took place before the coming into force of these Regulations;
(b)damage that takes place after that date, or is threatened after that date, but is caused by an incident, event or emission that took place before that date; or
(c)damage caused by an incident, event or emission that takes place after that date if it derives from an activity that took place and finished before that date.
(2) They do not apply in relation to environmental damage caused by—
(c)activities the sole purpose of which is to protect from natural disasters;
(i)the International Convention of 27 November 1992 on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage;
(ii)the International Convention of 27 November 1992 on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage(17); or
(iii)the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage 2001(18);
(f)radioactivity from an activity covered by the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community or caused by an incident or activity in respect of which liability or compensation falls within the scope of the Paris Convention of 29 July 1960 on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy and the Brussels Supplementary Convention of 31 January 1963; or
(g)damage caused in the course of commercial sea fishing if all legislation relating to that fishing was complied with.
(3) They only apply to environmental damage caused by pollution of a diffuse character if it is possible to establish a causal link between the damage and specific activities.
Exemption from damage to water9.—(1) Damage to water does not include—
(a)damage caused by new modifications to the physical characteristics of a surface water body,
(b)an alteration to the level of a body of groundwater pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, or
if all the conditions in paragraph (2) are fulfilled.
(b)the reasons for those modifications or alterations are specifically set out and explained in the river basin management plan required under Article 13 of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and the objectives are reviewed every six years;
(c)the reasons for those modifications or alterations are of overriding public interest, or the result of the damage is outweighed by the benefits of the new modifications or alterations to human health, to the maintenance of human safety or to sustainable development; and
(d)the beneficial objectives served by those modifications or alterations of the water body cannot for reasons of technical feasibility or disproportionate cost be achieved by other means.
Enforcing authorities under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 200710.—(1) These Regulations are enforced in accordance with this regulation if the damage is caused by an installation, waste operation or mobile plant that requires a permit or registration under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2007(19).
(2) If the Environment Agency is responsible for granting the permit, they are enforced by the Environment Agency in all cases.
(a)Part 2 is enforced by the local authority;
(b)Part 3 is enforced by—
(i)the local authority if the damage is to land;
(ii)the Environment Agency if the damage is to water;
(iii)Natural England if the damage is to natural habitats or protected species or a site of special scientific interest.
Enforcing authorities in other cases11. If the damage is caused by an activity that does not require a permit or registration under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 these Regulations are enforced in accordance with the following table.
Type of environmental damageArea of damageEnforcing authority (1)“Sea” includes—
(a)any area submerged at mean high water spring tide; and
(b)each of the following, so far as the tide flows at mean high water spring tide—
(i)every estuary or arm of the sea; and
(ii)the waters of any channel, creek, bay or river.
Damage to water—
Damage to protected species or natural habitats or a site of special scientific interest—
landNatural Englandwater but not in the sea(1)Environment Agencythe continental shelf or in the sea up to the limit of the renewable energy zone- if the damage is due to an activity authorised by the Environment agency, the Environment Agency;- otherwise the Secretary of State Damage to land—
Enforcement12.—(1) If there is more than one type of damage, so that there is more than one enforcing authority, these Regulations are enforced by any or all of the specified enforcing authorities.
PART 2Preventing environmental damagePreventing environmental damage13.—(1) An operator of an activity that causes an imminent threat of environmental damage, or an imminent threat of damage which there are reasonable grounds to believe will become environmental damage, must immediately—
(b)(unless the threat has been eliminated) notify all relevant details to the enforcing authority appearing to be the appropriate one.
(2) The enforcing authority may serve a notice on that operator that—
(a)describes the threat;
(3) Failure to comply with paragraph (1) or a notice served under paragraph (2) is an offence.
Preventing further environmental damage14.—(1) An operator of an activity that has caused environmental damage, or has caused damage where there are reasonable grounds to believe that the damage is or will become environmental damage, must immediately—
(b)notify all relevant details to the enforcing authority appearing to be the appropriate one.
(a)describes the damage;
Action by the enforcing authority15. Any duty in this Part on the operator of an activity may be carried out by the enforcing authority instead of the operator—
(c)if the operator fails to comply with a notice.
Following instructions from a public authority16. When an operator acts in accordance with the instructions of a public authority, and as a result causes or threatens to cause environmental damage, and accordingly action is taken under regulations 13, 14 or 15 then, unless the instructions related to an emission or incident caused by the operator’s own activities, the operator may recover the costs of actions under those regulations from that public authority.
PART 3RemediationAssessment of damage17. Where damage has been caused, and there are reasonable grounds for believing that it is, or may be, environmental damage, the enforcing authority must establish whether or not it is environmental damage.
Determining liability to remediate18.—(1) If the enforcing authority decides that the damage is environmental damage it must notify the operator of any activity or activities that caused the damage (referred to in these Regulations as “the responsible operator”) that—
(a)the damage is environmental damage;
(b)the responsible operator’s activity was a cause of the environmental damage;
(c)the responsible operator must submit proposals, within a time specified by the enforcing authority, for measures that will achieve the remediation of the environmental damage in accordance with Schedule 4; and
(d)the responsible operator has a right to appeal.
Appeals against liability to remediate19.—(1) A person served with notification under regulation 18 may notify the Secretary of State that that person intends to appeal against that notification.
Remediation notices20.—(1) Once it receives the proposals from the responsible operator (or, if a proposal is not received within the specified time limit, at any time after the time limit has expired), the enforcing authority must, so far as is practicable, consult—
(a)anyone who has notified an enforcing authority under regulation 29, and
(b)any person on whose land the remedial measures will be carried out,
and may consult any other person appearing to be necessary.
(2) Following consultation the enforcing authority must serve a remediation notice on the responsible operator that specifies—
(e)the right of appeal against the remediation notice.
Appeal against the remediation notice21.—(1) The responsible operator may notify the Secretary of State that that person intends to appeal against the remediation notice on the grounds that its contents are unreasonable.
(2) An appeal may only be brought against those parts of the remediation notice that are different from proposals made by the responsible operator.
(5) The Secretary of State or the appointed person may confirm, vary or quash the notice, and must give written notification of the final decision and the reasons for it, and may, if appropriate, add further compensatory remediation requirements necessitated by the lapse of time since the remediation notice was served.
Further provisions on remediation notices22. An enforcing authority may serve further remediation notices at any time while remediation is being carried out or, if remediation has not been achieved, at the end of the remediation period, requiring further or different remediation.
Action by the enforcing authority23. Once it has established that in its opinion damage is environmental damage, the enforcing authority may carry out any reasonable works—
(c)if the responsible operator is not required to remediate under these Regulations.
PART 4Administration and enforcementCosts when the enforcing authority acts instead of the operator24.—(1) An operator liable to carry out works under Part 2 is liable for any reasonable costs incurred by the enforcing authority in taking any reasonable action under regulation 15.
(2) The responsible operator is liable for the reasonable costs of the enforcing authority for any action taken under regulation 23 unless the responsible operator was not liable for the action taken.
Costs concerned with administration25.—(1) An operator liable to carry out works under Part 2 is liable for the reasonable costs incurred by the enforcing authority in preparing any notice under Part 2, or in ensuring compliance with that Part.
(2) The responsible operator is responsible for the costs incurred by the enforcing authority under Part 3 of—
(3) Costs means costs that are justified by the need to ensure the proper and effective enforcement of these Regulations.
Proceedings for costs by an enforcing authority26. No proceedings for the recovery of costs may be commenced by the enforcing authority under these Regulations after a period of 5 years has elapsed since—
(a)the completion of the measures to which the proceedings relate, or
(b)the identification of the operator liable to carry out the measures,
Costs recoverable from owner to be a charge on premises27.—(1) Where any costs are recoverable under these Regulations by an enforcing authority from a person who is the owner of premises and the enforcing authority serves a notice on that person under this regulation—
(b)subject to the following, the costs and accrued interest are a charge on the premises.
(4) Subject to any order under paragraph (7)(b) or (c) below, the amount of any costs specified in a notice under this regulation and the accrued interest is a charge on the premises—
(b)where an appeal is brought under paragraph (6), as from the final determination of the appeal,
(8) An enforcing authority has, for the purpose of enforcing a charge under this regulation, all the same powers and remedies under the Law of Property Act 1925(20), and otherwise, as if it were a mortgagee by deed having powers of sale and lease, of accepting surrenders of leases and of appointing a receiver.
(9) In this regulation, “owner”, in relation to any premises, means a person (other than a mortgagee not in possession) who, whether in that person’s own right or as trustee for any other person, is entitled to receive the rack rent of the premises or, where the premises are not let at a rack rent, would be so entitled if they were so let.
Recovery of costs from other persons28. An operator who incurs liability to the enforcing authority under these Regulations (whether in carrying out work or in payment to the enforcing authority) may recover all or some of those costs from any other person who also caused the damage.
Requests for action by interested parties29.—(1) Any person—
may notify the appropriate enforcing authority of any environmental damage which is being, or has been caused or of which there is an imminent threat.
(a)a statement explaining the way the notifier will be affected by the damage, or the reason that the notifier has a sufficient interest; and
(b)invite that operator to submit comments on them.
(5) Paragraphs (3) and (4) do not apply if—
(b)in the opinion of the enforcing authority the information provided does not disclose any environmental damage or threat of environmental damage; or
Grant of and compensation for rights of entry etc. 30.—(1) Any person whose consent is required before any works required by these Regulations may be carried out must grant, or join in granting, such rights in relation to any land or water as will enable the operator, or a person acting on behalf of the operator, to carry out that work.
(2) A person who grants, or joints in granting, any rights as required by paragraph (1) is entitled to compensation from the operator determined in accordance with Schedule 6.
Powers of authorised persons31.—(1) Enforcing authorities may authorise persons for the purposes of enforcing these Regulations.
(2) The powers in section 108 of the Environment Act 1995(21) apply in relation to these Regulations, and the powers of persons authorised by the Environment Agency in that section are exercisable by persons authorised by any enforcing authority.
(b)a United Kingdom ship (within the meaning of section 1(3) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995) or a marine installation in the renewable energy zone (as defined in section 84 of the Energy Act 2004(22)).
(7) An authorised person may require any person on board a vessel or marine installation to afford such facilities and assistance with respect to matters under that person’s control as the authorised person considers would facilitate the exercise of any power conferred by this section.
Provision of information to the enforcing authority32. An enforcing authority may require an operator to provide such information as it may reasonably require to enable the enforcing authority to carry out its functions under these Regulations, and failure to provide such information is an offence.
Enforcement33. No enforcement action may be taken under these Regulations 30 years or more after the emission, event or incident concerned.
Penalties34.—(1) A person guilty of an offence under these Regulations is liable—
Phil HuntMinister of StateDepartment for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs29th January 2009Regulation 4SCHEDULE 1Damage to protected species, natural habitats and sites of special scientific interestDamage to protected species and natural habitats1.—(1) In the case of protected species or natural habitat (other than damage on a site of special scientific interest to which paragraph 4 applies) the damage must be such that it has a significant adverse effect on reaching or maintaining the favourable conservation status of the protected species or natural habitat taking into account—
(e)the role of the particular individuals or of the damaged area in relation to the species or to the habitat conservation and the rarity of the species or habitat assessed at the relevant level whether local, regional or Community-wide;
(f)the capacity of the species for propagation, its viability or the capacity of the habitat for natural regeneration; and
(g)the capacity of the species or habitat to recover within a short time of the damage being caused to a condition that leads to its state at the time of the damage or better without any intervention other than increased protection measures.
Conservation status of natural habitats2.—(1) A natural habitat’s conservation status is the sum of the influences acting on that habitat and its typical species that may affect its long term natural distribution, structure and functions as well as the long term survival of its typical species.
(2) Its conservation status is favourable if—
(b)the specific structure and functions which are necessary for the long term maintenance of the natural habitat exist and are likely to continue to exist for the foreseeable future; and
Conservation status of species3.—(1) A species’ conservation status is the sum of the influences acting on the species concerned that may affect the long term distribution and abundance of its populations.
(a)the population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long term basis as a viable component of its natural habitat;
(c)there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long term basis.
Sites of special scientific interest4.—(1) In the case of a site of special scientific interest, the damage must be to—
(a)the species or habitats notified under section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981(23); or
(b)protected species or natural habitats.
Express authorisation5. Damage to protected species and natural habitats, and damage on a site of special scientific interest, does not include damage caused by an act expressly authorised by the relevant authorities in accordance with the Conservation (Natural Habitats, etc.) Regulations 1994(24) or Part II of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
Regulation 5SCHEDULE 2Activities causing damageOperations to which this Schedule applies1. This Schedule lists the activities for which there is liability under regulation 5(1).
Operation of permitted installations2. The operation of installations subject to permit in pursuance of Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning integrated pollution prevention and control(25) (all activities listed in Annex I to that Directive with the exception of installations or parts of installations used for research, development and testing of new products and processes).
Waste management operations3.—(1) Waste management operations, including the collection, transport, recovery and disposal of waste and hazardous waste, including the supervision of such operations and after-care of disposal sites, subject to permit or registration in pursuance of Directive 2006/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste(26) and Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste(27).
(2) The operation of landfill sites under Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste(28) and the operation of incineration plants under Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the incineration of waste(29).
(3) This does not include the spreading of sewage sludge from urban waste water treatment plants, treated to an approved standard, for agricultural purposes.
Mining waste4. The management of extractive waste under Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the management of waste from extractive industries(30).
Discharges requiring authorisation5.—(1) All discharges into the inland surface water that require prior authorisation in pursuance of Directive 2006/11/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community(31).
(2) All discharges of substances into groundwater that require prior authorisation in pursuance of Council Directive 80/68/EEC on the protection of groundwater against pollution caused by certain dangerous substances(32).
(3) All discharges or injections of pollutants into surface water or groundwater that require a permit, authorisation or registration under Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy(33).
Water abstraction and impoundment6. Water abstraction and impoundment of water subject to prior authorisation in pursuance of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy.
Dangerous substances, plant protection products and biocidal products7. Manufacture, use, storage, processing, filling, release into the environment and onsite transport of—
(a)dangerous substances as defined in Article 2(2) of Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (34);
(b)dangerous preparations as defined in Article 2(2) of Directive 1999/45/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations(35);
(c)plant protection products as defined in Article 2(1) of Council Directive 91/414/EEC concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market(36); and
(d)biocidal products as defined in Article 2(1)(a) of Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market(37).
Transport8. Transport by road, rail, inland waterways, sea or air of dangerous goods or polluting goods as defined in—
(a)Annex A to Council Directive 94/55/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by road(38);
(b)the Annex to Council Directive 96/49/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by rail(39); and
(c)Council Directive 93/75/EEC concerning minimum requirements for vessels bound for or leaving Community ports and carrying dangerous or polluting goods(40).
Genetically modified organisms9.—(1) Any contained use, including transport, involving genetically modified organisms (including genetically modified micro-organisms as defined by Council Directive 90/219/EEC on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms(41)).
(2) Any deliberate release into the environment, transport and placing on the market of genetically modified organisms as defined by Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms(42).
Transboundary shipment of waste10. Transboundary shipment of waste within, into or out of the Community, requiring an authorisation or prohibited under Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on shipments of waste(43).
Regulation 19SCHEDULE 3Permits, etc. 1. The following are permits for the purposes of regulation 19(3) in so far as they relate to an activity in Schedule 2—
(a)a permit granted under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2007(44) or a registration under those Regulations;
(b)a licence granted under Part II of the Food and Environment Protection Act 1985(45);
(c)a water discharge consent, an ordinary or emergency drought order or a drought permit under the Water Resources Act 1991(46);
(d)an authorisation under the Groundwater Regulations 1998(47);
(e)a water abstraction or impoundment licence under the Water Resources Act 1991;
(f)an approval of a pesticide under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986(48), an authorisation of a biocidal product under the Biocidal Products Regulations 2001(49) or an authorisation of a pesticide under the Plant Protection Products Regulations 2005(50);
(g)a consent for the deliberate release of genetically modified organisms granted by the Secretary of State under section 111(1) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990(51) or a consent given in any other member State for the placing of a genetically modified organism on the market as a product or in a product in accordance with Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms(52);
(h)an authorisation given in any member State in accordance with Article 7 or 19 of Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on genetically modified food and feed(53).
Regulation 18SCHEDULE 4RemediationPART 1Remediation of damage to natural resources other than landApplication of Part 11. This Part relates to remediation of damage to natural resources other than land.
Risk to human health2. Remediation must remove any significant risk to human health.
Objective3. The objective of remediation is to achieve the same level of natural resource or services as would have existed if the damage had not occurred.
Primary and complementary remediation4.—(1) The remediation must consist of such primary remediation or complementary remediation or both as will achieve the objective.
(2) Primary remediation is any remedial measure which returns the damaged natural resources or impaired services to, or towards, the state that would have existed if the damage had not occurred (natural recovery is a permitted form of primary remediation in appropriate cases).
Compensatory remediation5.—(1) In addition compensatory remediation must be provided to compensate for interim losses of natural resources or services that occur from the date of damage until remediation has achieved its objective; and in this paragraph “interim losses” means losses which result from the fact that the damaged natural resources or services are not able to perform their ecological functions or provide services to other natural resources or to the public until the primary or complementary remediation has been carried out.
Choice of remediation6.—(1) The remediation options must be evaluated using best available methods, and based on—
(e)the extent to which each option benefits each component of the natural resource or service;
Identification of complementary and compensatory remediation7.—(1) If possible, complementary and compensatory remedial measures must provide natural resources or services of the same type, quality and quantity as those damaged.
(3) Where this is not possible, different natural resources or services may be provided, and the remedial measures must have the same monetary valuation as the lost natural resources or services.
(4) If valuation of the lost natural resources or services is practicable, but valuation of the remedial measures cannot be made within a reasonable time or at a reasonable cost, then remedial measures may be provided whose cost (instead of monetary valuation) is equivalent to the value of the lost natural resources or services.
Options8.—(1) When evaluating the different identified remedial options, primary remedial measures that do not fully restore the damaged water or protected species or natural habitat to its state at the time of the incident or that restore it more slowly may be decided on (for example, when the equivalent natural resources or services could be provided elsewhere at a lower cost).
PART 2Remediation of damage to landRemediation of damage to land9.—(1) This Part applies in relation to damage to land.
(3) The presence of such risks must be assessed through risk-assessment procedures taking into account the characteristic and function of the soil, the type and concentration of the harmful substances, preparations, organisms or micro-organisms, their risk and the possibility of their dispersion.
Regulations 19 and 21SCHEDULE 5AppealsPART 1Appeals when the Secretary of State is not the enforcing authority1. This Part applies when the Secretary of State is not the enforcing authority.
2. Notification of appeal must contain—
3. When notification is received, the Secretary of State must send a copy of the notification of appeal to the enforcing authority, and the enforcing authority must immediately send a copy to any person who appears to it to have a particular interest in the subject matter of the appeal, and notify the Secretary of State whom it has notified.
4. The Secretary of State must notify the appellant of the time limit within which the appellant must provide in writing—
5. When these are received, the Secretary of State must send all the documents to the enforcing authority, giving the enforcing authority a time limit within which it must provide a written response.
6. At the same time the Secretary of State must notify any person notified under paragraph 3 of the time limit under paragraph 5 and invite them make representations before that date.
7. The Secretary of State must then decide whether further evidence is needed, and give directions accordingly.
8. The Secretary of State must then refer the appeal to a person appointed by the Secretary of State to deal with the appeal, and specify to the appointed person whether or not the appeal must be dealt with by written procedure or whether a hearing must be held.
9. Following the conclusion of the appeal by the appointed person, the appointed person must decide the matter or, if so directed by the Secretary of State at any stage before the decision is made, make a recommendation to the Secretary of State, who must decide the appeal.
10. The person deciding the appeal may make such order as to the costs of the parties (including parties who make representation) as is fit.
PART 2Appeals when the Secretary of State is the enforcing authority11. If the Secretary of State is the enforcing authority, the procedures in Part 1 apply except that—
(b)the appointed person must carry out the functions of the Secretary of State specified in that Part; and
(c)the appointed person must in all cases decide the appeal.
Regulation 30SCHEDULE 6CompensationCompensation for grant of rights1. This Schedule prescribes—
Period for making an application3. An application for compensation must be made before the expiry of a period of 12 months beginning with—
(a)the date of the grant of the rights in respect of which compensation is claimed, or
(b)where there is an appeal against the notice in relation to which those rights were granted, the date on which the appeal is determined or withdrawn,
Manner of making an application4.—(1) An application for compensation must be made in writing and delivered at or sent by pre-paid post to the last known address for correspondence of the person to whom the right was granted.
Loss and damage for which compensation payable5. Compensation is payable for loss and damage of the following descriptions—
(iii)is loss or damage for which the grantor would have been entitled to compensation by way of compensation for disturbance, if that interest had been acquired compulsorily under the Acquisition of Land Act 1981(54), in pursuance of a notice to treat served on the date on which the grant of the right was made;
(e)the amount of any valuation and legal costs reasonably incurred by the grantor in granting the right and in the preparation of the application for and the negotiation of the amount of compensation.
Basis on which compensation assessed6.—(1) The rules set out in section 5 of the Land Compensation Act 1961(55) (rules for assessing compensation) have effect, so far as applicable and subject to any necessary modifications, for the purpose of assessing any compensation as they have effect for the purpose of assessing compensation for the compulsory acquisition of an interest in land.
Determination of disputes7.—(1) Any question of disputed compensation must be referred to and determined by the Lands Tribunal.
(2) In relation to the determination of any such question of compensation the provisions of sections 2 and 4 of the Land Compensation Act 1961 (procedure on references to the Lands Tribunal and costs) shall apply as if—
(a)the reference in section 2 of the Land Compensation Act 1961 to section 1 of that Act were a reference to sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph; and
(b)references in section 4 of that Act to the acquiring authority were references to the person to whom the rights were granted.
These Regulations implement Directive 2004/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage.
They apply to damage to protected species, natural habitats, sites of special scientific interest, water and land (regulation 4).
They are enforced by the bodies specified in regulations 10 and 11.
They provide that, for certain economic activities, where there is a imminent risk of environmental damage, the operator must take steps to prevent it, and if it has occurred must prevent further damage. Where damage has occurred the enforcing authority must assess the damage and identify remedial measures. It must then serve a remediation notice on the responsible operator specifying what remediation is required (Part 3).
They make provision for enforcement (Part 4).
Breach of specified provisions of the Regulations is an offence punishable—
(a)on summary conviction, with a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or both; or
(b)on conviction on indictment, with a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both.
An impact assessment has been prepared and placed in the libraries of both Houses of Parliament. It is available, together with a transposition note, on the Defra website at www.defra.gov.uk.
(3)OJ No L 103, 25.4.1979, p. 1 as last amended by Council Directive 2008/102/EC , OJ No L323, 3.12.008, p. 31).
(4) OJ No L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7 as last amended by Council Directive 2006/105/EC (OJ No L 363, 20.12.2006, p. 368).
(5)1981 c.69. Part II of the Act (which includes section 28) was inserted by Schedule 9 to the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (2000 c. 37) and subsequently amended by Schedule 11 to the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (2006 c. 16).
(6) OJ No L 143, 30.4.2004, p. 56 as amended by Directive 2006/21/EC (OJ No L102, 11.4.2006, p. 15).
(7) OJ No L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1 as last amended by Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 348, 24.12.2008, p. 84).
(8) OJ No L 372, 27.12/2006, p. 19.
(9)See section 1 of the Territorial Sea Act 1987 (c. 49) as extended to Jersey by the Territorial Sea Act 1987(Jersey) Order 1997 (S. I. 1997/278) as amended by S.I. 2002/250, and to the Isle of Man by the Territorial Sea Act 1987 (Isle of Man) Order 1991 ( S.I. 1991/1722).
(10)2006 c. 32.
(13)1987 c. 49.
(14)1964 c. 29. Areas have been designated under section 1(7) by S.I. 1987/1265, 2000/3062 and 2001/3670. Section 1(7) was amended by paragraph 1 of Schedule 3 to the Oil and Gas (Enterprise) Act 1982 (c. 23).
(15)2004 c. 20. Areas have been designated under section 84(4) by S.I. 2004/2668.
(16)The Convention is set out in Schedule 7 to the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (c. 21).
(17)Both these conventions were implemented in the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (1995 c. 21).
(18)Implemented in the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 by amendments made to that Act by S.I. 2006/1244.
(19)S. I. 2007/3538.
(20)1925 c. 20.
(21)1995 c. 25.
(22)2004 c. 20.
(23)1981 c. 69. Part II of the Act (which includes section 28) was inserted by Schedule 9 to the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (2000 c. 37) and subsequently amended by Schedule 11 to the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (2006 c. 16).
(24) S.I. 1994/2716 as last amended by S.I. 2009/6.
(25) OJ No L 24, 29.1.2008, p. 8.
(26) OJ No L 114, 27.4.2006, p. 9 as last amended by Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3).
(27) OJ No L 377, 31.12.91, p. 20 as last amended by Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3)..
(28) OJ No L 182, 16.7.99, p. 1 as 1ast amended by Regulation (EC) No 1137/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 311, 21.11.2008, p. 1).
(29) OJ No L 332, 28.12.2000, p. 91 as corrected in OJ No L 145, 31.5.2001, p. 52.
(30) OJ No L102, 11.4.2006, p. 15.
(31) OJ No L 64 ,4.3.2006, p. 52.
(32) OJ No L 20, 26.1.80, p. 43 as amended by Council Directive 91/692/EC (OJ No L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 48).
(33) OJ No L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1 as amended by Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 348, 24.12.2008, p. 84).
(34) OJ No 196, 16.8.67, p. 1 as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 2008/1272 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 353, 31.12.2008, p. 1).
(35) OJ No L 200, 30.7.99, p. 1 as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 2008/1272 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 353, 31.12.2008, p. 1).
(36) OJ No L 230, 19.8.91, p. 1 as last amended by Commission Directive 2008/127/EC (OJ No L 344, 20.12.2008, p. 89).
(37) OJ No L 123, 24.4.98, p. 1 as last amended by Directive 2008/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 81, 20.3.2008, p. 57).
(38) OJ No L 319, 12.12.94, p. 7 as last amended by Commission Directive 2006/89/EC (OJ No L 305, 4.11.2006, p. 4).
(39) OJ No L 235, 17.9.96, p. 25 as last amended by Commission Directive 2006/90/EC (OJ No L 305, 4.11.2006, p. 6).
(40) OJ No L 247, 5.10.93, p. 19 as last amended by Directive 2002/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 324, 29.11.2002, p. 53).
(41) OJ No L 117, 8.5.90, p. 1 as last amended by Commission Decision 2005/174/EC (OJ No L 59, 5.3.2005, p. 20).
(42) OJ No L 106, 17.4.2001, p. 1 as last amended by Directive 2008/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 81, 20.3.2008, p. 45).
(43) OJ No L 190, 12.7.2006, p. 1 as last amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 669/2008 (OJ No L 188, 16.7.2008, p. 7).
(44) S.I. 2007/3538.
(45)1985 c. 48.
(46)1991 c. 57 as amended by the Water Act 2003 (c. 37).
(47) S.I. 1998/2746 as last amended by S.I. 2007/3538.
(48) S.I. 1986/1510 to which there are amendments not relevant to these Regulations.
(49) S.I. 2001/880 to which there are amendments not relevant to these Regulations.
(50) S.I. 2005/1435 to which there are amendments not relevant to these Regulations.
(51)1990 c. 43.
(52) OJ No L 106, 17.4.2001, p. 1 as last amended by Directive 2008/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 81, 20.3.2008, p. 45).
(53) OJ No L 268, 18.10.2003, p. 1 as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 298/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ No L 97, 9.4.2008, p. 64).
(54)1981 c. 67.
(55)1961 c. 33.