Source: http://docplayer.net/12201354-Quality-improvement-organization-manual-chapter-7-denials-reconsiderations-appeals.html
Timestamp: 2018-12-18 23:52:07
Document Index: 452154043

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 478', 'art 417', 'art 476', 'art 3', 'art 1', 'art 1']

Quality Improvement Organization Manual Chapter 7 - Denials, Reconsiderations, Appeals - PDF
Quality Improvement Organization Manual Chapter 7 - Denials, Reconsiderations, Appeals
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1 Quality Improvement Organization Manual Chapter 7 - Denials, Reconsiderations, Appeals Transmittals for Chapter 7 Table Of Contents (Rev. 18, ) REVIEW OF HOSPITAL-ISSUED NOTICE OF NON-COVERAGE (HINN) AND NOTICE OF DISCHARGE AND MEDICARE APPEAL RIGHTS (NODMAR) Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage (HINN) Citations and Authority Issuance of Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage Content of Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage Beneficiary Request for Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage Review by a QIO Solicitation of Views Regarding Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage Monitoring of Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage Beneficiary Liability Related to Review of Hospital-Issued Notice of Noncoverage Provider Liability Right to Reconsideration Notice of Discharge and Medicare Appeal Rights Citations and Authority Notice of Discharge and Medicare Appeal Rights Medicare Enrollee Request for Quality Improvement Organization Immediate Review DENIAL DETERMINATIONS Authority Types of Denial Determination Denial and Reopening Timeframes Notification of Denial Timing of Denial Notice Content of Denial Notice NOTICES FOR QUALITY OF CARE DETERMINATIONS Introduction Notification Requirements Basic Elements for Quality Concern Notices Potential Quality Concern Notices Final Quality Concern Determination Notices Review Quality Concern Notices
2 RE-REVIEWS Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) Validation Re-reviews Re-review of Quality Concerns RECONSIDERATION DETERMINATIONS Statutory and Regulatory Requirements Requests for Reconsideration QIO Reconsiderations Reconsideration Process Circumvention of Prospective Payment System (PPS) HEARINGS AND FURTHER APPEALS Background Preparing the Acknowledgment Letter Assembling the Hearing Claim File Pre-hearing Case Review Routing the Hearing Claim File to Office of Hearings & Appeals (OHA) Reporting Requirements Hearings by an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) Appeals Council (AC) Review Judicial Review EXHIBITS Exhibit Limitation of Liability Model Paragraphs Exhibit Reconsideration Model Paragraphs Exhibit Record Not Submitted Timely Denial Model Notice Exhibit Billing Error Denial Model Notice Exhibit Preadmission Denial Model Notice Exhibit Admission Denial Model Notices Exhibit Continued-stay Denial Model Notices Exhibit Procedure Denial Model Notices Exhibit Day Outlier Denial Model Notice Exhibit Cost Outlier Denial Model Notices Exhibit DRG Changes as a Result of DRG Validation Model Notice Exhibit Outpatient/Ambulatory Surgery Denial Model Notices Exhibit Continued-stay Denial Completed Notice Exhibit Circumvention of Prospective Payment System (PPS) Denial Model Notice Exhibit Reconsideration Notices -- Hearings Model Paragraphs Exhibit Reconsideration Model Notice -- Preadmission Denial Exhibit Reconsideration Model Notice -- Admission Denial
3 Exhibit Reconsideration Model Notice -- Continued-stay Denial Exhibit Reconsideration Model Notice -- Procedure Denial Exhibit Reconsideration Model Notice -- Day Outlier Denial Exhibit Reconsideration Model Notice -- Cost Outlier Denial Exhibit Re-review Model Notice -- DRG Changes as a Result of DRG Validation Exhibit Reconsideration Model Notice -- Outpatient/Ambulatory Surgery Denial Exhibit Reconsideration Completed Notice -- Continued-stay Denial Exhibit Reconsideration Model Notice -- Circumvention of Prospective Payment System (PPS) Exhibit Sample Acknowledgment Letter to Beneficiary/Representative When Request Is Sent to the Hearing Office Exhibit How to Locate the Correct Hearing Office Exhibit Potential Quality Concern Model Notice Exhibit Confirmed Quality Concern Model Notice Exhibit Re-review Upheld Quality Concern Model Notice Exhibit Examples of Potential Quality Concern Scenarios
4 Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage (HINN) Citations and Authority - (Rev. 4, ) The statutory authorities applicable to your review of a Hospital-Issued Notice of Noncoverage (HINN) are found at 1154(e), 1154(a), and 1879 of the Social Security Act (the Act). The regulatory authorities for issuing a HINN are found at 42 CFR , 42 CFR , and 42 CFR (c). Hospitals (including ones with swing beds) have the authority to issue notices of noncoverage to beneficiaries or their representatives if the hospital determines that the care the beneficiary is receiving, or is about to receive, is not covered because it is not medically necessary, not delivered in the most appropriate setting, or custodial in nature. A HINN may be given prior to admission, at admission, or at any point during the inpatient stay (HINNs are discussed in detail in the Hospital Manual, , and model hospital HINNs are contained in ). NOTE: The hospital is not required to issue a HINN when it does not plan to bill the beneficiary or his/her representative. Section 1154(e) of the Act requires you to review all hospital continued-stay notices of non-coverage upon a request by a Medicare beneficiary, his/her representative, or a hospital. This statutory provision does not apply to Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) review involving Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) swing bed services Issuance of Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage (Rev. 4, ) A. Preadmission/Admission HINN The hospital issues a notice of non-coverage when it determines that the admission is not medically necessary, inappropriate, or custodial in nature. The hospital is not required to obtain concurrence from you or the attending physician prior to issuing the preadmission or admission notice of non-coverage. This also applies to HINNs related to direct admissions to swing beds (i.e., beneficiary is admitted to the swing bed after he/she was discharged from another hospital) and when the hospital determines that the beneficiary does not need SNF services. B. Continued-stay HINN A hospital may issue a continued-stay notice of non-coverage when it determines that a beneficiary no longer requires continued inpatient care and either the attending physician or you concur. Before a hospital can issue a continued-stay notice of non-coverage, it must consider the admission to be covered.
5 Attending Physician Concurs -- If the attending physician concurs in writing (e.g., written discharge order) with the hospital's determination that the beneficiary no longer requires inpatient care, the hospital may issue a notice of non-coverage to the beneficiary. Attending Physician Does Not Concur -- The hospital is required to give a notice to the beneficiary or his/her representative when the beneficiary's physician disagrees with the hospital's proposed notice of non-coverage and you are requested to review the case (See Hospital Manual , Exhibit 10). The hospital may use its own letterhead, but it may not alter or change the language. The notice must be given to the beneficiary or his/her representative concurrently when the hospital requests your review. Develop procedures to monitor issuance of that notice to beneficiaries or their representatives. For example, at the time you solicit the beneficiary's views, ask the beneficiary or his/her representative if he/she received the notice. The hospital may request, either by phone or in writing, that you review the case immediately. Complete your review within 2 working days of either the hospital's request or receipt of any additional information you requested (such as copies of medical records). Determine, on a case-by-case basis, whether a medical record is needed to make the determination as to the medical necessity and appropriateness of the admission and days of care. If you concur with the hospital's decision, notify the hospital that it may issue its HINN and issue your denial notice. NOTE: In cases where the beneficiary requires a SNF level of care, the hospital cannot issue a notice of non-coverage if a SNF bed is not available. Medicare pays hospitals for days awaiting placement until a SNF bed is available, and the medical record documentation indicates that SNF placement is actively being sought. Advance Continued-stay HINN -- The hospital could project and determine when acute care furnished to a beneficiary would end and issue a continued-stay notice of non-coverage (with concurrence from you or the attending physician). If a hospital is able to determine in advance that the beneficiary will not require acute inpatient hospital care as of a certain date, it may give the notice of non-coverage in advance of that date (but ordinarily no earlier than 3 days before the first noncovered day). EXAMPLE: The beneficiary had hip surgery, and he/she requires rehabilitative services but not at an acute hospital level of care. The hospital determines that the most appropriate setting for those services would be a SNF, and it makes arrangements to transfer the beneficiary (within 3 days) because a SNF bed will be available. EXAMPLE: The beneficiary is recovering from an uneventful post-surgical period after a cholecystectomy. The hospital can predict that within 2 days the beneficiary will no longer require injections for pain control and will tolerate a regular diet and ambulation.
6 The advance notice does not relieve the hospital or the attending physician of the responsibility for monitoring the beneficiary's condition/level of care changes or for making appropriate discharge planning. If the beneficiary's condition/level of care changes after the notice is issued and further acute care is required (or the SNF bed is no longer available), then the hospital must rescind its notice of non-coverage. C. Combined Notices in Swing Bed Situations The "combined notice" applies to situations where the beneficiary is in an acute care hospital that has beds certified as swing beds, and he/she no longer requires an acute level of care. The discharge from the acute care bed and admission to the SNF or Nursing Facility (NF) swing bed is essentially a paper transaction with no physical movement of the beneficiary. The purpose of the combined notice is to notify the beneficiary or his/her representative that neither the acute nor SNF care is medically necessary or that the beneficiary no longer requires acute care hospital services but will begin to receive SNF swing bed services. The combined notice also notifies the beneficiary or his/her representative that if he/she disagrees with the hospital's decision an immediate QIO review may be requested (See 7015.B.1.b). The hospital must issue the combined notice of non-coverage with either the attending physician's or your concurrence. The two post-discharge planning days applicable to Prospective Payment System (PPS) hospital cases (See 42 CFR (c)) would not apply to this situation. The beneficiary's or his/her representative's liability for payment begins the day following the date of receipt of the notice. The beneficiary may request your immediate review; however, the beneficiary's liability remains the same as specified in the HINN. D. Continued-stay HINN in Swing Beds Treated as SNF Beds The hospital does not need the attending physician's or your concurrence to issue a continued-stay HINN to a beneficiary when SNF swing bed services are no longer needed. The immediate review provisions in 1154(e) of the Act do not apply to stays in SNF swing beds Content of Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage (Rev. 4, ) You are required to monitor the content of the HINN to determine whether the information is accurate/appropriate. The HINN to the beneficiary or his/her representative must conform to the content (but need not be a duplicate) of the model letters contained in Exhibits 1 through 10 of of the Hospital Manual (See for instructions concerning the content of hospital HINNs).
7 Beneficiary Request for Review of Hospital-Issued Notice of Noncoverage by a QIO - (Rev. 4, ) A. Preadmission/Admission HINN When a beneficiary or his/her representative requests review of a preadmission or admission HINN, review any records pertaining to health care services furnished. Include records pertaining to any inpatient hospital services provided or proposed to be provided to the Medicare beneficiary whether or not, in the hospital's view, the services are covered (See 42 CFR (a) and 1154 and 1156 of the Act). Immediate Review -- If the beneficiary or his/her representative disagrees with the hospital preadmission notice, he/she may request your review, by telephone or in writing, within 3 calendar days of receipt of the HINN. If admitted, the beneficiary or his/her representative may request your review at any point during the stay. In either situation review the case within 2 working days following the beneficiary's or his/her representative's request, and issue either a denial notice or a notice explaining that the care would be, or is, covered. Review After Discharge or When Beneficiary Was Not Admitted to Hospital -- The beneficiary or his/her representative may request review within 30 calendar days after receipt of the notice. Complete this review within the timeframe specified for any retrospective review (See 4540). Once your review is completed issue either a denial notice or a notice explaining that the care is covered. B. Continued-stay HINN The beneficiary or his/her representative may request your review, as described below, when the hospital issues a continued-stay notice of non-coverage with the concurrence of the attending physician (see 7005.B.1). If the hospital issues a continued-stay notice of non-coverage with your concurrence, the beneficiary may request a reconsideration of your determination (see 7040). Beneficiary Request for QIO Immediate Review of a HINN -- If the beneficiary or his/her representative disagrees with the HINN and remains in the hospital, he/she may request (not later than noon of the first working day after the day the notice was received) an immediate review by you. This request for review may be made by telephone or in writing. The hospital must provide the medical records you require by close of business of the first working day after the date that the beneficiary receives the notice. Develop a procedure with the hospital that will ensure timely receipt of records (e.g., express mail service).
8 When a beneficiary or his/her representative requests your review, perform the review regardless of whether or not the hospital charges for continued-stay, or the beneficiary is liable for such care. Prior to rendering a determination, solicit the views of the beneficiary or his/her representative, hospital, and attending physician (See 7020). Complete the requested review and notify the beneficiary or his/her representative, the attending physician, and the hospital of your determination (whether adverse or favorable) within one full working day after the date of receiving the request and the required medical records. Make your notification initially by telephone and follow up with a written notification either: Disagreeing with the hospital's decision (i.e., notifying the beneficiary that he/she requires covered care); or Agreeing with the hospital's determination (i.e., issuing your initial denial notice). In addition, the beneficiary will also receive the HINN. Document the telephone notification (e.g., time of call, information presented, and names of parties contacted). Retain this documentation in your case files. Other Review While the Beneficiary Is In the Hospital -- If the beneficiary or his/her representative does not request your review by noon of the first working day after receipt of the HINN and remains in the hospital, he/she may still request your review at any point during the stay. The request may be made by telephone or in writing. Review the case within 2 working days following the beneficiary's or his/her representative's request, and issue either a denial notice or a notice explaining that the care is covered. Review After Discharge -- If the beneficiary is discharged from the hospital, he/she or his/her representative may still request review within 30 calendar days after receipt of the HINN or at any time, for good cause. Complete this review within 30 calendar days of receipt of the medical records, and issue either a denial notice or a notice explaining that the care is covered. NOTE: After a beneficiary has exhausted all of his/her hospital benefit days (and the length of stay has passed the day outlier threshold), you are not obligated to review the hospital's decision regarding the beneficiary's need for continued hospital care for those days. Any advisory determination you make related to these exhausted benefit days is
9 not subject to your reconsideration process (and further appeal rights) as it is not an initial determination. Your initial determination pertaining to inpatient days prior to exhausting benefit days or within the outlier threshold is binding on all parties (i.e., you can approve or deny Medicare payment, but it is still subject to appeal by the beneficiary). C. Continued-stay HINN Rescinded -- If the hospital notifies you that the HINN has been rescinded after requesting the medical records: Instruct the hospital to submit the medical records (including a copy of the notice rescinding the HINN); Review the medical record and determine whether or not the hospital acted appropriately in rescinding the notice; Notify the beneficiary that the HINN was rescinded if you agree with the hospital s action and that he or she should have received a written notification from the hospital; and Issue your written initial determination (including a determination of the beneficiary s liability for payment under 1869 of the Act) if you disagree with the hospital s rescinded HINN Solicitation of Views Regarding Hospital-Issued Notice of Noncoverage - (Rev. 4, ) A. Beneficiary's Views When you conduct a review either because the beneficiary or his/her representative requests one (See 7015.B.1) or the hospital requests your review because the attending physician does not agree with its decision to issue a notice of non-coverage (See 7005.B.2), solicit the views of the beneficiary or his/her representative. This may be done by telephone. Present information solicited to the physician reviewer for use in the review. Also, make the information part of your case file. Solicit the views of the beneficiary or his/her representative at the same time as his/her telephone request for review to minimize the burden on the beneficiary. Make every attempt to contact the beneficiary or his/her representative within the timeframe allotted for review completion. If the beneficiary or his/her representative cannot be contacted by the end of the first full working day after the request for review and receipt of the medical record, make your review determination without the beneficiary's or his/her representative's views. Retain documentation of your attempts to contact the beneficiary/representative. B. Discussion With the Hospital and Attending Physician
10 Give the attending physician and provider the opportunity to discuss the case prior to your determination, whether it will be adverse or favorable. Make every attempt to contact the hospital and attending physician before you make a determination Monitoring of Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage (Rev. 4, ) A. Purpose Monitor the content of the HINN and the accuracy of the hospital's determination (see Hospital Manual, 414.5). Upon a beneficiary's or a hospital's request for review, determine whether the HINN is appropriate and accurate (See 7005 and 7020). For HINNs (e.g., admission) that are issued and no request for review is made, ensure no less than every 6 months a year that: The hospital followed the appropriate process; The content of the notice is accurate/appropriate; and The hospital's decision to issue the notice is correct. Monitor the hospital to ensure that it is issuing the Hospital Notice to Beneficiary of QIO Review of Need for Continued Hospitalization timely to the beneficiary when your review is requested (See Hospital Manual, , Exhibit 10). B. Ongoing Monitoring Case Selection -- Conduct review of cases as follows: Cases selected monthly by CMS from the processed claims data where the hospital has issued a HINN and there is beneficiary s liability for payment. Cases you have selected (no more than 6 months basis) by using the copy of the (preadmission, admission, or continued-stay) HINN submitted to you by the facility within 3 working days of the HINN issuance. NOTE: Hospitals are required to submit a bill for all inpatient stays, including those for which no payment can be made. Although no monies are involved with "No-pay bills," a claim is required because hospitalization could extend a Medicare beneficiary's benefit period (see Hospital Manual, 411). Timing of Review -- For all cases selected for review, request medical records and complete review according to the timeframes for retrospective review.
11 Reconcile the CMS selected claims data with copies of the HINN you received to ensure that the hospital is notifying you of all notices issued. If you identify a hospital's failure to submit no-pay claims to the intermediary, work with the intermediary to establish a procedure to address/resolve the hospital's billing problem. The procedure should specify that if after a reasonable period of time (e.g., 6 months or longer) you are unable to reconcile the information between submission of the HINN and the claim data, you notify the intermediary and the hospital of the problem. The procedure must delineate the party (you or the intermediary) who is responsible for sending the hospital formal notification of noncompliance with the billing instructions (See Hospital Manual, 411). If the hospital does not submit a claim to the intermediary (after the specified period of time), notify the respective CMS Regional Office (RO) to take necessary action under its authority to bring the hospital into compliance with program requirements. Review Process -- For cases involving preadmission, admission, and continuedstay notices, review: All notices received to determine whether the language content of the HINN met the requirements (See Hospital Manual, 414.5); HINN cases selected by you (from all notices received) to determine the appropriateness of the notice (i.e., the care was not covered from the point determined by the hospital and the content of the notice met the requirements of of the Hospital Manual); All cases selected by CMS where the beneficiary is liable for charges for services furnished after notification (See 4230.D). Review these cases to ensure that the beneficiary is not held liable for charges covered by Medicare as specified at 7025; All cases involving admission and continued-stay notices identified from processed claims data where the hospital failed to send you a copy. Examine these cases to ensure that abuse is not involved (e.g., a hospital is withholding copies of inaccurate notices to avoid QIO review); All cases where the medical information you used for approval was received by telephone and the HINN issued significantly differs from the claim submitted to the intermediary, or where the past history of the facility indicates poor compliance; and All cases where you received a beneficiary complaint that was unrelated to the issuance of a hospital notice. However, if during your review evidence is found that a HINN was issued, you should review the HINN as well as the complaint issue (e.g., cases received under Hospital Payment Monitoring Program (HPMP)).
12 NOTE: For all continued-stay cases, determine the medical necessity and appropriateness of the admission (see 7005.B.2). HINN in the Outpatient Setting -- Review notices issued to Medicare outpatients undergoing surgery if the notice relates to denial of admission to the hospital. Review these notices if the beneficiary or his/her representative bring the issue to your attention or if the case is already under review. HINN Related to Exclusion and Coverage Issues -- The intermediary is responsible for medical review of claims that involve general exclusion and coverage issues, and review of HINNs associated with those denials. If the intermediary refers a coverage issue case (e.g., dental or cosmetic surgery) to you because a medical necessity review/determination is needed, then review the case and the HINN, if applicable. C. Notification of QIO Determination Upon completion of notice review, take the following actions: Admission/Preadmission Notice of Non-coverage Issue a notice to all affected parties indicating either that the admission was non-covered (i.e., the hospital was correct in issuing the notice) or that the Medicare program would have covered the admission (i.e., the hospital notice was not issued correctly). If Medicare should have covered the admission and the beneficiary was admitted after receipt of notice, notify the hospital, attending physician, beneficiary, and intermediary that the notice is invalid. Instruct the hospital to refund any monies collected from the beneficiary except for the applicable coinsurance and deductible amounts, personal convenience services, and items not covered by Medicare. The hospital may then submit a claim for Medicare payment, if appropriate. Continued-stay HINN For PPS cases, if there is a Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) change as a result of DRG validation, issue the notice; If you concur with the hospital that continued inpatient hospital care was not necessary from the point determined by the hospital, issue the denial notice and inform the affected parties that you concur with the hospital's decision (See ); If you determine that the hospital level of care ended earlier than determined by the hospital and additional days of care or costs are denied
13 (non-pps cases or PPS outlier cases), issue the denial notice (See ); If you determine that the admission was not medically necessary or appropriate, issue an admission denial and determine which party is liable; or If you determine that the hospital's finding is invalid (i.e., the beneficiary required continued inpatient care) and the beneficiary received services for which he/she could be charged, notify the hospital, attending physician, intermediary, and beneficiary. These HINNs are considered inappropriate (See subsection D). Specify in your notice that the charges were invalid and, to the extent collected, must be refunded by the hospital to the beneficiary. The hospital may submit the claim for Medicare payment. NOTE: Except for those cases reviewed at the beneficiary's or hospital's request, you do not have to issue a denial notice in cases where you agree with the HINN and the beneficiary was not liable for the charges. D. Inappropriate HINN An inappropriately issued HINN would be any case where: The hospital's finding is invalid (e.g., where the admission was covered (See subsection C.1), and where continued acute care was medically necessary (See subsection C.2)); The content of the notice is not in compliance with of the Hospital Manual; The patient was charged for hospital services without a notice; The patient requires SNF care and there was no available SNF bed (See 7005); A continued-stay HINN is issued without your concurrence or the concurrence of the attending physician (except in cases where the level of care changes from SNF swing bed services to NF); and The beneficiary did not receive written notice when discharged from acute care and admitted to SNF or NF swing bed services. NOTE: In cases involving an admission HINN where you determine that the beneficiary's condition changed from non-acute to acute, assign a deemed date of admission. Because you agree that the HINN was not issued in error, do not count the case against the hospital as long as the hospital did not charge the beneficiary for the covered acute inpatient services.
14 E. Corrective Action Take corrective action immediately. If, during the course of your review, you detect that a particular hospital has issued an inappropriate notice, determine whether: The hospital issued a notice of non-coverage that could result in inappropriate collection of monies from a beneficiary. For example: In a beneficiary request for an immediate review of a HINN with attending physician concurrence, a hospital notice indicates that if you review the case and deny the care, the beneficiary will be liable beginning the third day after receipt of the notice; or A beneficiary complained that the hospital advised him/her that the care was non-covered, but a written notice was never issued. The hospital issued a notice that the admission or continued inpatient hospital care was non-covered, but a copy was not submitted to you and the case was identified from the processed claim data (See 7025.B.1); or The notices are improper but do not transfer liability for payment to the beneficiary (e.g., the HINN states that Medicare made the decision), and the hospital refuses to change its notices to bring them into conformance with requirements. Advise the hospital that issuing invalid notices that result in an improper collection of monies from beneficiaries is a violation of the hospital's Medicare provider agreement. The hospital must make immediate restitution except for the applicable deductible and coinsurance amounts, and if applicable, report the refund (proof of payment) to you and the intermediary. The hospital's failure to correct its notices and bring them into conformance with the requirements will lead to referral of the hospital to the regional Office of Investigations, Office of Inspector General, Health & Human Services, for enforcement under 1886(f)(2)(B) of the Act. Other examples of inappropriate notices and corrective actions include, but are not limited to: Cases, in which you initially concurred with the hospital on the issuance of the notices but upon reconsideration or retrospective validation review (See 7005.B.2) it is determined that in two or more cases the notices should not have been given (e.g., pertinent information on the cases was not provided), perform the notice review of cases where the attending physician and hospital do not concur by requiring medical records on every request for review; and
15 Cases, in which a pattern of abuse is identified (e.g., where you determine that inpatient care was medically necessary but a notice of non-coverage was given) that meets the definition of a substantial violation in a substantial number of cases or a gross and flagrant violation, develop a sanction recommendation in accordance with Beneficiary Liability Related to Review of Hospital-Issued Notice of Non-coverage - (Rev. 4, ) For beneficiary liability determination instructions, see 4230.D Provider Liability - (Rev. 4, ) A provider is considered to have knowledge as of the date of notice that furnished (or proposed) services were non-covered if it issued a notice of non-coverage to the beneficiary (See 42 CFR (d)) Right to Reconsideration - (Rev. 4, ) A. You Disagree With the Hospital's Determination If you disagree with the hospital's determination of non-coverage (i.e., you determine that the care was covered), your decision is not subject to reconsideration as this is neither a denial determination nor a QIO determination under 1154 of the Act. B. You Agree With the Hospital's Determination If you agree with the hospital's determination either prior to or after issuance of the hospital's notice, issue a denial notice. Your determination is subject to reconsideration in accordance with 42 CFR Part 478 and instructions found in Notice of Discharge and Medicare Appeal Rights Citations and Authority - (Rev. 4, ) Section 4001 of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA) (Public Law ) enacted August 5, 1997, added 1851 through 1859 to the Social Security Act (the Act) to establish a new Part C of the Medicare program known as the Medicare + Choice (M+C) Program. Medicare Part C establishes a new authority permitting contracts between CMS and a variety of different managed care and fee-for-service entities (e.g., coordinated care plans). Regulations require that each M+C enrollee must receive a Notice of Noncoverage (NONC) before being released from the hospital once it is determined that inpatient hospital care is no longer necessary (See 42 CFR ). The NONC is now referred to as the Notice of Discharge and Medicare Appeal Rights (NODMAR). The enrollee remains entitled to inpatient hospital care until he/she receives the NONC of that care. An enrollee or his/her representative that disagree with the hospital or M+C
16 determination may only obtain QIO review of the NODMAR by requesting an immediate QIO review (See 42 CFR ). Until January 1, 2003, existing cost-based contracts established under 1876 of the Act are governed by regulatory provisions in 42 CFR Part 417 (See 1876(h)(5)(B)). Included in that Part are two protections available to managed care enrollees who believe they are being discharged prematurely from a hospital: immediate QIO review as provided by 42 CFR or expedited internal review by the HMO or CMP (See 42 CFR ). The regulatory authority for these organizations to issue NODMARs is found at 42 CFR (f) Notice of Discharge and Medicare Appeal Rights (Rev. 4, ) The Medicare+Choice Organization (M+CO) or the hospital (as delegated) issues the NODMAR with the physician's concurrence to the M+C enrollee. The physician's concurrence acknowledges agreement that inpatient hospital care is no longer necessary. A. When the M+CO Issues the NODMAR The M+CO issues the NODMAR to the M+C enrollee once the required concurrence of the physician who is responsible for the enrollee's hospital care has been obtained (See 42 CFR (b)). B. When Hospital Accepts Delegation If the M+CO allows the hospital to make the non-coverage/discharge determination (delegation), the hospital must obtain concurrence from the contracting physician responsible for the enrollee's hospital care or of another physician as authorized by the M+CO (see 42 CFR (d)). C. Content of NODMAR The NODMAR must include the following information: The reason why inpatient hospital care is no longer needed; The effective date of the enrollee's liability for continued inpatient care; and The enrollee's appeal rights. D. QIO Responsibility -- You are not required to review or educate the plans regarding the content of the NODMAR. However, if you find an inappropriate NODMAR (e.g., the liability date is missing) during the course of your review, you are expected to report such findings to the CMS RO plan manager through your Project Officer.
17 Medicare Enrollee Request for Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) Immediate Review - (Rev. 4, ) A. Enrollee Request If the Medicare enrollee or his/her representative disagree with the NODMAR and the Medicare enrollee remains in the hospital, he/she may request (no later than noon of the first working day after the day the notice was received) an immediate review by you. This request for review may be made by telephone or in writing (See 42 CFR ). NOTE: In cases involving a M+CO located outside the QIO review area, the request for immediate QIO review must be made to and reviewed by the QIO that has the agreement (under 42 CFR ) with the hospital treating the enrollee, not the QIO with the agreement with the M+CO. This means regardless of whether the determination was made by a M+CO or a hospital, the QIO that has the agreement with the M+CO is not involved (see chapter 3, for the Memorandum of Agreement requirement related to NODMAR). B. M+C Notification On the day that you receive the enrollee's request for an immediate review, you must notify the M+CO. C. QIO Request for Medical Information The M+CO must take the following actions once an enrollee's request for an immediate review is confirmed: The M+CO must supply any information that you require to conduct your review. This information must be made available to you, by telephone or in writing, by close of business of the first full working day immediately following the day the enrollee submits the request for review. The M+CO must contact the hospital and request that the enrollee's medical records and other pertinent information be sent to you by close of business of the first full working day immediately following the organization's request. D. QIO Immediate Review Solicitation of Views -- You must solicit the view of the enrollee or his/her representative that requested the immediate review (See 7020). QIO Review Determination -- Once you have received all the necessary information from the hospital or the organization or both (e.g., medical records), review the case and notify the enrollee, the hospital, and the M+CO of your determination by close of business of the first working day following receipt of all
18 pertinent information. Make your notification initially by telephone and follow up with a written notification (See 7015.B.1). E. Enrollee Liability Protection If the M+CO authorized coverage of the inpatient admission directly or by delegation (or the admission constitutes emergency or urgently needed services as described in 42 CFR and (c)), the organization continues to be financially responsible for the costs of the hospital stay when a timely appeal is filed until noon of the calendar day following the day you notify the enrollee of your decision. NOTE: The hospital may not charge the M+CO (or the enrollee) if it was the hospital (acting on behalf of the enrollee) that filed the request for immediate QIO review and the QIO upholds the non-coverage determination made by the M+CO. F. Untimely Request for QIO Immediate Review If the request for an immediate review is not filed timely by the Medicare enrollee or his/her representative, do not review the case. Instructions found at 42 CFR (a)(2) provide an enrollee who fails to make a timely request for QIO review the fall-back option of requesting an expedited reconsideration from the M+CO. You must notify the beneficiary that his/her case is being referred to the M+CO for an expedited reconsideration (72 hour fast review). NOTE: The beneficiary is not entitled to subsequent review by the M+CO under the regulations at 42 CFR and 42 CFR once a QIO review is requested. Instead, the beneficiary has further appeal rights under 42 CFR 478. G. NODMAR Rescinded If the M+CO notifies you that the NODMAR has been rescinded after requesting the medical records, you should: Instruct the hospital to submit the medical records (including a copy of the notice rescinding the NODMAR); Review the medical record and determine whether or not the hospital acted appropriately in rescinding the notice; Notify the beneficiary that the NODMAR was rescinded if you agree with the hospital s action and that he/she should have received a written notification from the hospital; and
19 Issue your written initial determination (including a determination of the beneficiary s liability for payment under 1869 of the Act) if you disagree with the hospital s rescinded NODMAR. Because you do not monitor the issuance of the NODMAR, you are to refer to the Project Officer any single case where a NODMAR has been rescinded Authority - (Rev. 4, ) Deny claims in accordance with 42 CFR when you determine that health care services furnished or proposed to be furnished to a beneficiary are non-covered because they are not medically necessary and reasonable ( 1862(a)(1) of the Act) or constitute custodial care ( 1862(a)(9) of the Act). In addition, QIOs may deny Part A claims when a hospital circumvents the Prospective Payment System (PPS) through unnecessary admissions or readmissions in accordance with 1886(f)(2) of the Act (Deny claims only as specified in 4255). If, as a result of DRG validation, you determine that the diagnosis and/or procedures billed by the hospital should be changed and the DRG is affected, change the DRG assignment in accordance with 42 CFR Part 476. Provide written notification of initial denial determinations and DRG assignment changes to all affected parties as specified in 42 CFR Types of Denial Determinations - (Rev. 4, ) Initial and technical denials apply to services/items furnished in acute/specialty hospitals (including swing beds) and hospital outpatient/ambulatory surgical centers, hereafter referred to as providers. A. Initial Denials Initial denial determinations are subject to reconsideration and further appeals. These types of denials include: Preadmissions; Admission; Continued-stay; Circumvention of PPS; Services/procedures; and Cost outliers (and day outliers, if applicable). NOTE: Render an initial denial determination only after you have afforded the provider/practitioner an opportunity for discussion.
20 B. Technical Denials Technical denial determinations are not subject to reconsideration and further appeals, but may be subject to re-review/reopening (See 7102.B). These types of denials include: Medical record not submitted timely (42 CFR (b)); and Billing errors (including cost outlier denials due to duplicative billing for services or for services not actually furnished or not ordered by the physician). NOTE: Opportunity for discussion does not apply to technical denials. C. DRG Assignment Changes The DRG assignment changes may result from your correction of technical coding errors or your correction of diagnostic, procedure, or discharge status information and the related codes. Changes to the DRG coding information are not subject to reconsideration and further appeals. These changes are, however, subject to re-review/reopening when they result in a revised DRG assignment and lower payment (See 42 CFR and ). NOTE: Render DRG assignment changes only after you have afforded the provider/practitioner an opportunity for discussion Denial and Reopening Timeframes - (Rev. 4, ) A. Initial Denial Determinations and DRG Assignment Changes Render an initial denial determination or DRG assignment change within one year of the payment date of the claim containing the service(s) in question (see 42 CFR (a)(1)). If the RO approves the action in writing, you may render an initial denial determination or DRG assignment change after one year but within four years of the payment date of the claim containing the service(s) in question (See 42 CFR (b)(1)). NOTE: These timeframes also apply to technical denial determinations. Issue notices to all appropriate parties as specified in Process reconsideration requests as specified in B. Reopening of Initial Denial Determinations and DRG Assignment Changes
21 Conduct reopening as specified below. Issue notices to all appropriate parties if the reopening results in a change in your initial denial determination or a change in DRG assignment (See ). Reopening Within One Year -- You may reopen an initial denial determination or DRG assignment change within one year of the date of your decision (See 42 CFR (a)(2)). NOTE: You may reopen a technical denial determination within one year of the date of your decision when you deny the claim for lack of medical record information and the information is subsequently provided (Do not reopen any other types of technical denial determinations). Reopening After One Year But Within Four Years -- You may reopen an initial denial determination or DRG assignment change after one year but within 4 years of the date of your decision if (See 42 CFR (b)(2)): You receive additional information on the patient's condition that affects the basis of the prior decision; NOTE: The additional information is generally part of the medical record for the stay in question. There may be exceptions such as additional information related to other hospital stays, physician notes, etc. Addendum orders (i.e., where the physician did not order a service/procedure and retroactively writes such an order) are not considered "additional information." Reviewer error occurred in interpretation or application of Medicare coverage policy or review guidelines; There is an error apparent on the face of the evidence upon which the initial denial or DRG assignment change was based; or There is a clerical error in the statement of the initial denial determination or DRG assignment change. NOTE: You may reopen a technical denial determination after one year but within four years of the date of your decision when you deny the claim for lack of medical record information and the information is subsequently provided (Do not reopen any other types of technical denial determinations) Notification of Denial - (Rev. 4, ) Provide written notification of initial denials, technical denials, and DRG assignment changes to all affected parties, as appropriate (See Exhibits 7-22 through 7-34). A. Parties to be Notified - Provide Written Notice to:
22 The beneficiary or his/her representative. Do not notify the beneficiary or his/her representative of DRG assignment changes or denials based on circumvention of PPS or billing errors; The attending physician or other attending health care practitioner. Do not notify the individual of circumvention of PPS denials. You are only required to notify the individual of changes to DRG coding information when the changes revise the DRG assignment; The provider (if known, include in preadmission/pre-procedure cases). You and the provider are to specify in your memorandum of agreement who will receive your notices for the provider. You are only required to notify the provider of changes to DRG coding information when the changes revise the DRG assignment; and The intermediary/carrier. If you notify the intermediary/carrier electronically of the denial determination (including limitation of liability determinations, if applicable), you need not provide a hardcopy of the notice. Notify the intermediary of DRG assignment changes. Do not notify the intermediary of coding changes that do not affect the DRG assignment. B. Issuance of Notice Issue notices on a case-by-case basis as follows: One notice addressed to the beneficiary or his/her representative with copies to the provider, attending physician, and intermediary/carrier; or One notice addressed to the provider (when the beneficiary or his/her representative is not notified) with copies to the attending physician and intermediary/carrier (Do not send a copy to the attending physician for circumvention of PPS denials). If a case is selected for retrospective review and you find that a HINN was issued, do not issue a denial notice if you agree with the provider's decision and the beneficiary was not liable for charges (Issue a notice for all HINN cases reviewed at the beneficiary's or provider's request). C. Determination of Beneficiary Address Ensure that denial notices mailed to beneficiaries who are no longer in the facility are sent to the correct address. To assist you in determining the beneficiary's correct address, CMS can provide you with copies of the Carrier Alphabetic State File (CASF) on microfilm or the Beneficiary Eligibility Status Tapes (BEST) on magnetic tape. Use of these files is optional. To obtain copies on an ongoing basis, send a written request to your RO project officer. There is no charge to you for these files.
23 Timing of Denial Notice - (Rev. 4, ) Notify all affected parties within the mandatory timeframes for review completion (See 42 CFR ) as follows (These timeframes do not apply to denials involving HINNs): For preadmission denials, issue the notice before admission to the facility. If the patient is admitted before your medical review is completed, issue the notice by the first working day after the denial determination. At a minimum, maintain a detailed log that clearly indicates when denial notices are issued and to whom (complete patient identification). For pre-procedure denials, regardless of whether the patient has been admitted, issue the notice before the procedure is performed. For continued-stay denials, issue the notice by the first working day after the denial determination if the beneficiary is still in the facility. Deliver the notice to beneficiaries in the facility or mail the notice to those no longer in the facility. In addition, issue all notices simultaneously to all affected parties on a case-by-case basis as review determinations are made. Do not hold notices pending completion of a review cycle for notification to a provider, physician, or intermediary/carrier. Document if the denial notice is subsequently returned as undeliverable or receipt refused. Include the returned envelope and notice in the case file Content of Denial Notice (Rev. 18, Issued: , Effective: Upon Implementation of ICD-10, Implementation: Upon Implementation of ICD-10) A. Format of Notice Make your denial notices understandable and write the notices in "plain English." In addition, make sure that the beneficiary notice: Is in letter format; Is addressed to the beneficiary or his/her representative, if applicable (Where the beneficiary is deceased, address the notice to the beneficiary's representative or estate); Has a personalized salutation line (e.g., "Dear Mr. Smith" instead of "Dear beneficiary" or "Dear representative"); and Includes all pertinent information in the body of the notice (i.e., attachments or enclosures are not acceptable if they are in lieu of required information).
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