Source: http://in.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.20180509_0000622.SIN.htm/qx
Timestamp: 2019-03-22 18:40:28
Document Index: 475185927

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 2255', '§ 2255', '§ 2113', '§ 924', '§ 4', '§ 2255']

ADAM C. COLLINS, Petitioner,
For the reasons explained in this Entry, the motion of Adam C. Collins for relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 must be denied and this action dismissed with prejudice. In addition, the Court finds that a certificate of appealability should not issue.
I.§ 2255 Standard
On February 11, 2003, Mr. Collins was convicted in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana of armed bank robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a), (d), and use of a firearm during the robbery, id. § 924(c). USA v. Collins, No. 1:02-cr-00123-SEB-TAB-1 (S.D. Ind. Feb. 11, 2003). He was “sentenced to consecutive sentences totaling 223 months' incarceration incarceration-68 months above the high end of the combined guidelines range for the two offenses.” United States v. Collins, 160 Fed.Appx. 514, 515 (7th Cir. Dec. 22, 2005). His sentences were affirmed on appeal. Id.
The Seventh Circuit describes the sentencing court's fashioning of Mr. Collins's sentence:
The judge moved above the high end of the guidelines range principally because he concluded that Collins's criminal history category underrepresents the seriousness of his criminal history and the likelihood of recidivism. See U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3. That determination rests in part on the fact that Collins received no criminal history points for a robbery and an unrelated auto theft he committed approximately nine years before the bank robbery, when he was 15. Neither of these juvenile offenses factored into Collins's criminal history score because of his age when he committed the crimes and the length of time between those offenses and the crimes here. The court observed that had Collins been an adult when he committed the uncounted juvenile robbery, he would have qualified as a career offender because he also had accumulated a countable conviction for aggravated battery. The court noted that since a career offender is automatically placed in criminal history category VI, Collins would have faced at least 25 years under the guidelines had his juvenile robbery offense counted towards his criminal history score. The district judge also emphasized that Collins's long-time gang affiliation, his repeated instances of misconduct and violent behavior during previous periods of confinement, and his overall pattern of criminal conduct since the age of 14 elevated his potential for recidivism beyond that reflected in his criminal history category as calculated. Finally, the court reasoned that the guidelines did not adequately take into account that Collins and his fellow bank robbers were violent and extremely dangerous, and had so “terrorized” the bank employees and patrons that they “will never forget that day.”
In 2015, the Supreme Court in Johnson held that the so-called residual clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act (“ACCA”) was unconstitutionally vague. Johnson v. United States, 135 S.Ct. 2551, 2563 (2015). The Seventh Circuit has summarized Johnson's impact on the ACCA:
Stanley v. United States, 827 F.3d 562, 564 (7th Cir. 2016). Johnson's holding is a new rule of constitutional law that the Supreme Court made retroactive in Welch v. United States, 136 S.Ct.1257 (2016). See Holt v. United States, 843 F.3d 720, 722 (7th Cir. 2016).
On June 30, 2016, Mr. Collins filed an application with the Seventh Circuit seeking authorization to file a successive motion to vacate under § 2255 limited to a claim under Johnson. On July 15, 2016, the Seventh Circuit granted the application and authorized the Court to consider Mr. Collins's Johnson claim. Collins v. USA, No. 16-2832, dkt. 3 (7th Cir. July 15, 2016).