Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title25-chapter32&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2019-07-21 13:19:56
Document Index: 700588580

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2', '§902', '§1', '§3002', '§3', '§1601', '§3004', '§6', '§3006', '§8', '§9', '§3008', '§10', '§3009', '§11', '§3010', '§12', '§3011', '§13', '§3012', '§14', '§3013', '§15']

[USC02] 25 USC Ch. 32: NATIVE AMERICAN GRAVES PROTECTION AND REPATRIATION
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25 USC Ch. 32: NATIVE AMERICAN GRAVES PROTECTION AND REPATRIATION
CHAPTER 32—NATIVE AMERICAN GRAVES PROTECTION AND REPATRIATION
(3) "cultural items" means human remains and—
(11) "Native Hawaiian organization" means any organization which—
(15) "tribal land" means—
(Pub. L. 101–601, §2, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3048; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516.)
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 101–601, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3048, known as the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.
1992—Par. (13). Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court".
Pub. L. 101–601, §1, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3048, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter and section 1170 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] may be cited as the &apos;Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act&apos;."
§3002. Ownership
(a) Native American human remains and objects
The ownership or control of Native American cultural items which are excavated or discovered on Federal or tribal lands after November 16, 1990, shall be (with priority given in the order listed)—
(2) in any case in which such lineal descendants cannot be ascertained, and in the case of unassociated funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony—
(C) if the cultural affiliation of the objects cannot be reasonably ascertained and if the objects were discovered on Federal land that is recognized by a final judgment of the Indian Claims Commission or the United States Court of Claims as the aboriginal land of some Indian tribe—
(b) Unclaimed Native American human remains and objects
Native American cultural items not claimed under subsection (a) shall be disposed of in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary in consultation with the review committee established under section 3006 of this title, Native American groups, representatives of museums and the scientific community.
(c) Intentional excavation and removal of Native American human remains and objects
The intentional removal from or excavation of Native American cultural items from Federal or tribal lands for purposes of discovery, study, or removal of such items is permitted only if—
(1) such items are excavated or removed pursuant to a permit issued under section 470cc of title 16 which shall be consistent with this chapter;
(d) Inadvertent discovery of Native American remains and objects
(1) Any person who knows, or has reason to know, that such person has discovered Native American cultural items on Federal or tribal lands after November 16, 1990, shall notify, in writing, the Secretary of the Department, or head of any other agency or instrumentality of the United States, having primary management authority with respect to Federal lands and the appropriate Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization with respect to tribal lands, if known or readily ascertainable, and, in the case of lands that have been selected by an Alaska Native Corporation or group organized pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.], the appropriate corporation or group. If the discovery occurred in connection with an activity, including (but not limited to) construction, mining, logging, and agriculture, the person shall cease the activity in the area of the discovery, make a reasonable effort to protect the items discovered before resuming such activity, and provide notice under this subsection. Following the notification under this subsection, and upon certification by the Secretary of the department or the head of any agency or instrumentality of the United States or the appropriate Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization that notification has been received, the activity may resume after 30 days of such certification.
(e) Relinquishment
Nothing in this section shall prevent the governing body of an Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization from expressly relinquishing control over any Native American human remains, or title to or control over any funerary object, or sacred object.
(Pub. L. 101–601, §3, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3050.)
The Indian Claims Commission, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(C), terminated Sept. 30, 1978. See Codification note set out under former section 70 et seq. of this title.
The United States Court of Claims, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(C), and the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals were merged effective Oct. 1, 1982, into a new United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by Pub. L. 97–164, Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 25, which also created a United States Claims Court [now United States Court of Federal Claims] that inherited the trial jurisdiction of the Court of Claims. See sections 48, 171 et seq., 791 et seq., and 1491 et seq. of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 101–601, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3048, known as the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3001 of this title and Tables.
The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), probably means the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, Pub. L. 92–203, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 688, as amended, and which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 43 and Tables.
§3004. Summary for unassociated funerary objects, sacred objects, and cultural patrimony
Each Federal agency or museum which has possession or control over holdings or collections of Native American unassociated funerary objects, sacred objects, or objects of cultural patrimony shall provide a written summary of such objects based upon available information held by such agency or museum. The summary shall describe the scope of the collection, kinds of objects included, reference to geographical location, means and period of acquisition and cultural affiliation, where readily ascertainable.
(1) The summary required under subsection (a) shall be—
(C) completed by not later than the date that is 3 years after November 16, 1990.
(2) Upon request, Indian Tribes 1 and Native Hawaiian organizations shall have access to records, catalogues, relevant studies or other pertinent data for the limited purposes of determining the geographic origin, cultural affiliation, and basic facts surrounding acquisition and accession of Native American objects subject to this section. Such information shall be provided in a reasonable manner to be agreed upon by all parties.
(Pub. L. 101–601, §6, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3053.)
(4) Where cultural affiliation of Native American human remains and funerary objects has not been established in an inventory prepared pursuant to section 3003 of this title, or the summary pursuant to section 3004 of this title, or where Native American human remains and funerary objects are not included upon any such inventory, then, upon request and pursuant to subsections (b) and (e) and, in the case of unassociated funerary objects, subsection (c), such Native American human remains and funerary objects shall be expeditiously returned where the requesting Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization can show cultural affiliation by a preponderance of the evidence based upon geographical, kinship, biological, archaeological, anthropological, linguistic, folkloric, oral traditional, historical, or other relevant information or expert opinion.
(5) Upon request and pursuant to subsections (b), (c) and (e), sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony shall be expeditiously returned where—
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(3), (5)(C), (c), (e), and (f), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 101–601, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3048, known as the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3001 of this title and Tables.
§3006. Review committee
Within 120 days after November 16, 1990, the Secretary shall establish a committee to monitor and review the implementation of the inventory and identification process and repatriation activities required under sections 3003, 3004 and 3005 of this title.
(1) The Committee 1 established under subsection (a) shall be composed of 7 members,
(4) Members of the committee established under subsection (a) shall serve without pay, but shall be reimbursed at a rate equal to the daily rate for GS–18 of the General Schedule for each day (including travel time) for which the member is actually engaged in committee business. Each member shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with sections 5702 and 5703 of title 5.
The committee established under subsection (a) shall be responsible for—
(2) monitoring the inventory and identification process conducted under sections 3003 and 3004 of this title to ensure a fair, objective consideration and assessment of all available relevant information and evidence;
(3) upon the request of any affected party, reviewing and making findings related to—
(7) consulting with the Secretary in the development of regulations to carry out this chapter;
(d) Admissibility of records and findings
Any records and findings made by the review committee pursuant to this chapter relating to the identity or cultural affiliation of any cultural items and the return of such items may be admissible in any action brought under section 3013 of this title.
(e) Recommendations and report
The committee shall make the recommendations under paragraph 2 (c)(5) in consultation with Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations and appropriate scientific and museum groups.
The Secretary shall ensure that the committee established under subsection (a) and the members of the committee have reasonable access to Native American cultural items under review and to associated scientific and historical documents.
(g) Duties of Secretary
The committee established under subsection (a) shall submit an annual report to the Congress on the progress made, and any barriers encountered, in implementing this section during the previous year.
The committee established under subsection (a) shall terminate at the end of the 120-day period beginning on the day the Secretary certifies, in a report submitted to Congress, that the work of the committee has been completed.
(Pub. L. 101–601, §8, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3055.)
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (c)(7) and (d), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 101–601, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3048, known as the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3001 of this title and Tables.
(2) the damages suffered, both economic and noneconomic, by an aggrieved party,1 and
(c) Actions to recover penalties
(Pub. L. 101–601, §9, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3057.)
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 101–601, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3048, known as the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3001 of this title and Tables.
§3008. Grants
(a) Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations
The Secretary is authorized to make grants to Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations for the purpose of assisting such tribes and organizations in the repatriation of Native American cultural items.
The Secretary is authorized to make grants to museums for the purpose of assisting the museums in conducting the inventories and identification required under sections 3003 and 3004 of this title.
(Pub. L. 101–601, §10, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3057.)
§3009. Savings provision
(1) limit the authority of any Federal agency or museum to—
(B) enter into any other agreement with the consent of the culturally affiliated tribe or organization as to the disposition of, or control over, items covered by this chapter;
(2) delay actions on repatriation requests that are pending on November 16, 1990;
(Pub. L. 101–601, §11, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3057.)
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 101–601, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3048, known as the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3001 of this title and Tables.
§3010. Special relationship between Federal Government and Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations
This chapter reflects the unique relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations and should not be construed to establish a precedent with respect to any other individual, organization or foreign government.
(Pub. L. 101–601, §12, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3058.)
§3011. Regulations
(Pub. L. 101–601, §13, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3058.)
§3012. Authorization of appropriations
(Pub. L. 101–601, §14, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3058.)
§3013. Enforcement
(Pub. L. 101–601, §15, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3058.)