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Timestamp: 2019-11-18 10:05:19
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Concrete 70TMSS03R1 | Fly Ash | Concrete
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70-TMSS-03, Rev. 01
SCOPE CROSS REFERENCES CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS 4.1 4.2 National Standards International Standards
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 5.1 5.2 Design Criteria Durability Requirements
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Portland Cement Coarse Aggregates Fine Aggregates Water Storage of Materials
ADMIXTURES AND POZZOLANIC MATERIALS 7.1 7.2 Chemical Admixtures Pozzolanic Materials
CONCRETE QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 General Strength Requirements Slump Requirements Chloride and Sulfate in Concrete Special Exposure Conditions and Requirements Proportioning Requirements
70TMSS03R01/SZA
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PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Batching Mixing Control of Admixtures Hot Weather Concreting Ready-Batched (Dry-Mix) Concrete
QUALITY CONTROL, INSPECTION, AND TESTS 10.1 10.2 10.3 Aggregate Tests Concrete Tests Evaluation and Acceptance
DELIVERY 11.1 11.2 Delivery Truck Requirements Batch Ticket Information
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SCOPE This Transmission Material Standard Specification (TMSS) specifies the minimum requirements for mix design, mixing, delivery and testing of Normal Weight Ready-Mixed Portland Cement Concrete for in-situ or Precast intended to be used in the Transmission system of Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), Saudi Arabia.
CROSS REFERENCES This Material Standard Specification shall always be read in conjunction with the latest revision of SEC General Specification No. 01-TMSS-01 titled "General Requirements for all Equipment/Materials", which shall be considered as an integral part of this TMSS. This TMSS shall also be read in conjunction with SEC Purchase Order or Contract Schedules for project, as applicable.
CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS 3.1 Any conflicts between this Standard and other applicable Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) Standards, Industry Standards, Codes, and forms shall be resolved in writing by the SEC Representative. Any request to deviate from this Standard shall be directed to the Manager of Transmission Standards and Specifications.
APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS The latest revisions/amendments of the following Codes and Standards shall be applicable for the material covered in this TMSS. In case of conflict, the vendor/manufacturer may propose material conforming to one group of Industry Codes and Standards quoted hereunder without jeopardizing the requirements of this TMSS. 4.1 National Standards & Company Standards 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 SASO/SSA 142 SASO/SSA 143 SASO/SSA 226 Physical or Mechanical Methods of Testing of Portland Cement Portland Cement, Ordinary and Rapid Hardening Methods of Sampling of Concrete Aggregates
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SASO/SSA 249
Methods of Test for Concrete Aggregates: Part 1: Sieve Analysis Methods of Test for Concrete Aggregates: Part 2: Determination of Organic Impurities in Natural Sand Methods of Test for Concrete Aggregates: Part 3: Determination of Impact Strength for Coarse Aggregates Methods of Test for Concrete Aggregates: Part 4: Determination of Percentage of Clay, Silt and Fines in Natural Aggregates Methods of Sampling Fresh Concrete Earthworks Cast in Place Concrete
SASO/SSA 250
SASO/SSA 251
SASO/SSA 278
SASO/SSA 391 TCS-Q-113.02
4.1.10 TCS-Q-113.03 4.2 International Standards 4.2.1 AASHTO T-277
Method of Test for Electrical Indication of Concretes Ability to resist Chloride ion Peneration. Guide to Durable Concrete Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete Guide to Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete Specifications for Structural Concrete Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting and Placing Concrete Guide to Hot Weather Concreting Guide for Concrete Plant Inspection and Testing of Ready-Mixed Concrete Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary Practice for Making & Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field.
ACI 201.2 ACI 211.1
ACI 301 M ACI 304 R
ACI 305R ACI 311.5
4.2.10 ASTM C 31
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4.2.11 ASTM C 33 4.2.12 ASTM C 39
Specification for Concrete Aggregates Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-m (No.200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of SmallSize Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine Test Method for Sieve Analysis for Fine and Coarse Aggregates Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete Specification for Portland Cement Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle
4.2.13 ASTM C 88
4.2.14 ASTM C 94 4.2.15 ASTM C 117
4.2.16 ASTM C 125
4.2.17 ASTM C 127
4.2.18 ASTM C 128
4.2.19 ASTM C 131
4.2.20 ASTM C 136
4.2.21 ASTM C 138M
4.2.22 ASTM C 142
4.2.23 ASTM C 143 4.2.24 ASTM C 150 4.2.25 ASTM C 172 4.2.26 ASTM C 173M
4.2.27 ASTM C 191
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4.2.28 ASTM C 192
Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method) Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method) Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Carbonate Rocks as Concrete Aggregates (RockCylinder Method) Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration Test Method For Water-Soluble Chloride In Mortar And Concrete Specification for Silica fume used in Hydraulic Cementtitious mixtures Test for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar method) Test Method for determining the Penetration of Chloride Ion into Concrete by Ponding Test Method for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete Test Method For Measurement Of Solids In Water Practice for Sampling Aggregates
4.2.29 ASTM C 227
4.2.30 ASTM C 260
4.2.31 ASTM C 289
4.2.32 ASTM C 494 4.2.33 ASTM C 586
4.2.34 ASTM C 618
4.2.35 ASTM C 1152
4.2.36 ASTM C 1202
4.2.37 ASTM C 1218
4.2.38 ASTM C 1240
4.2.39 ASTM C 1260
4.2.40 ASTM C 1543
4.2.41 ASTM C 1602
4.2.42 ASTM C 1603 4.2.43 ASTM D 75
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4.2.44 ASTM D 511 4.2.45 ASTM D 512 4.2.46 ASTM D 516 4.2.47 ASTM D 1411
Test Method for Calcium and Magnesium in Water Test Method for Chloride Ion in Water Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water Test Methods for Water-Soluble Chlorides Present as Admixtures in Graded Aggregate Road Mixes Test Method For Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate Tests For Chemical Properties Of Aggregates, Part 1-6 Testing of Concrete Part 1: Sampling of Fresh Concrete Testing of Concrete Part 2: Properties of Fresh Concrete Concrete - Sieve Analysis of Aggregates Aggregates for Concrete - Determination of Bulk Density Coarse Aggregates for Concrete - Determination of Particle Density and Water Absorption - Hydrostatic Balance Method Fine and Coarse Aggregates for Concrete Determination of the Particle Mass-per-Volume and Water Absorption - Pyknometer Method
4.2.48 ASTM D 4791
4.2.49 BSI BS EN 1744 4.2.50 ISO 1920-1
4.2.51 ISO 1920-2 4.2.52 ISO 6274 4.2.53 ISO 6782
4.2.54 ISO 6783
4.2.55 ISO 7033
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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Design Criteria The concrete mix or mixes shall be designed to meet or exceed the requirements of this Specification in all respects. 5.2 Durability Requirements For Saudi Electricity Company works, the required average Concrete Strength fcr shall be 8 MPa greater than the specified Concrete strength fc. However, for Severe and Very Severe Exposure conditions, the 28-day cylinder compressive strength (per ASTM C 39) value to be adopted for design shall not exceed 28 MPa (4000 psi) although the concrete mix shall be designed to give a strength of 38 MPa (5500 psi).
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 6.1 Portland Cement Portland cement shall conform to ASTM C 150, except as modified herein, and shall be COMPANY approved brand. The details are also tabulated in Table 8 B. 6.1.1 Type I Ordinary Portland Cement with Tricalcium Aluminate (C3A) content of not less than 7% shall be used for all superstructures not governed by Sections 6.1.2 and 6.1.3. Type I cement {with tricalcium aluminate (C3A) content of 8% to 14%} plus pozzolanic materials {silica fume/ fly ash} shall be used for all concrete subject to severe exposure (other than wear or loading) as defined in Section 8.5.2. This will cancel and supercede the requirement of ASTM C 150. Silica fume shall not be used when Mg concentration (in groundwater) exceeds 0.10 % (1000 ppm). 6.1.3 Type II cement shall be used for all concrete subject to moderate exposure as defined in Section 8.5.3. If Type II is not available, Type I cement with C3A content between 5% and 8% shall be used. Type V cement shall be used when the chloride is less than 0.1%, (1000 ppm) and the Mg (in groundwater) is less than 1000 ppm and the total sulfates is less than 2000 ppm. Type V Cement + Fly Ash (Class F) shall be used when the Chlorides is less than 0.1% and the Mg (in groundwater) is more than 1000 ppm and the total sulfates is more than 2000 ppm.
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Cement Mill Test Certificates, when requested, shall be provided for each shipment of cement. Under no circumstances shall the source of cement be changed without prior written approval of The SEC. If bagged cement is used, all bags shall be plainly marked with the name of the manufacturer, type of cement and weight. Bagged cement varying more than 3% from the weight marked thereon shall be rejected. Similar information shall be provided in the Bills of Lading accompanying each shipment of bulk cement.
Coarse Aggregates Coarse aggregates for concrete shall comply with the standard requirements of ASTM C 33 with the following exceptions: 6.2.1 The grading requirements shall be as shown in Table 1 of this Specification. The requirements shown in Table 1 are for size number classification. Failure to maintain continuity in gradation (i.e. in maintaining sieve sizes in consecutive order) of specific sized aggregate during concrete production shall be rejected. The physical properties of coarse aggregates and the amount of deleterious substances present shall conform to the requirements of Table 2. Coarse aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to aggressive conditions such as frequently or continuously wetted, extended exposure to humid atmosphere, or in contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials that are deleteriously reactive with the alkalies in the cement in an amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of concrete. Testing shall be in accordance with ASTM C 1260. If such materials are present in injurious amount, the coarse aggregate may be used with a cement containing not more than 0.60 percent equivalent alkalies (Na2O+ 0.658 K2O). Concrete aggregates from carbonate rock source shall be tested for potential alkali reactivity as per ASTM C 586 prior to their use. If expansion due to alkali-aggregate reactivity is found as excessive, tested according to ASTM C 1260, the source of aggregate shall be rejected. This test is to be conducted biannually or as follows: a. b. For every change in material source A new batch plant being used for first time
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TABLE 1 GRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR COARSE AGGREGATES Amounts Finer Than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square Openings), Weight Percentage 50 mm (2 in.) 100 95-100 35 to 70 20 to 55 40 to 85 90 to 100 90 to 100 100 20 to 55 90 to 100 100 25 to 60 0 to 15 20 to 55 40 to 70 85 to 100 10 to 40 0 to 15 0 to 10 0 to 5 0 to 5 0 to 10 0 to 5 0 to 10 0 to 15 10 to 30 10 to 30 0 to 5 37.5 mm (1-1/2 25 mm (1 in.) 19 mm ( 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) 4.75 mm (No. 4) 2.36 mm (No. 8) 1.18 mm (No. 16) -
37.5 to 4.75 mm (1-1/2 to No. 4) 100 100 100 95-100 100 90-100 100 90-100
25.0 to 12.5 mm (1 to )
0 to 5 0 to 5 0 to 5 0 to 10
25.0 to 9.5 mm (1 to 3/8)
25.0 to 4.75 mm (1 to No. 4)
19.0 to 9.5 mm ( to 3/8)
19.0 to 4.75 mm (3/4 to No. 4)
12.5 to 4.75 mm ( to No. 4)
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9.5 to 2.36 mm (3/8 to No. 8)
TABLE 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE STANDARD LIMITS TEST DESCRIPTION
EASTERN REGION WESTERN REGION CENTRAL REGION SOUTHER N REGION NORTHER N REGION
Los Angeles Abrasion Losses (Grading A or B) (Maximum %)
ASTM C 131, Note 6
ASTM C 131 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.20
Ratio of Los Angeles Abrasion Losses at 100 and 500 Revolutions (100/500 Rev) Value (Maximum)
** Expansion <0.10% at 16 days 1.0 1.0 2.5 0.03 0.4 18.0 30 45 0.5
Clay Lumps and Friable Particles (Maximum) %
1.0 0.5 1.5 0.03 0.4 18.0 25 30 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.03 0.4 18.0 20 30 0.5
1.0 0.5 2.0 0.03 0.4 18.0 25 30 0.5
1.0 0.5 2.0 0.03 0.4 18.0 30 40 0.5
Materials Finer Than 75 Microns (Maximum) % Water Absorption (Maximum) %
ASTM C 127 BS 812, Part 117 BS 812, Part 118 ASTM C 88 ASTM D 4791 ASTM D 4791 ASTM C 123
* Chloride and Sulfate limits shall not exceed values specified in Section 8.4
Chlorides as Cl* ( Maximum) %
Sulfates as SO4* (Maximum) %
Magnesium Sulfate Soundness Loss (5 Cycles) ( Maximum) %
Flakiness Index ( Maximum)
Elongation Index (Maximum)
Coal and Lignite ( Maximum) %
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Potential Alkali Reactivity** %
Only aggregates washed with water conforming to section 6.4 to remove contaminants and salts, shall be used. An undertaking to this effect from the concrete supplier shall be included in the concrete mix design proposal submitted to the SEC for review and approval. Proper shelters shall be provided for the stock piled aggregates at the concrete suppliers yard.
Fine Aggregates Fine aggregates shall consist of natural sand and shall conform to ASTM C 33. 6.3.1 Fine aggregates shall be graded within the following limits: TABLE 3-A: GRADATION FOR FINE AGGREGATES SIEVE SIZE mm (ASTM C 33) PERCENT PASSING
9.5 (3/8 in.) 4.75 mm (No. 4) 2.36 mm (No. 8) 1.18 mm (No. 16) 600 m (No. 30) 300 m (No. 50) 150 m (No. 100) 75 m (No. 200)
100 95 - 100 80 - 100 50 - 85 25 - 60 05 - 30 0 - 10 0 - 2
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TABLE 3-B: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FINE AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE TEST DESCRIPTION Clay Lumps and Friable Particles Materials Finer Than 75 Microns Organic Impurities Water Absorption Chlorides as Cl Sulfates as SO4 Magnesium Sulfate Soundness Loss (5 Cycles) STANDARD ASTM C142 ASTM C117 ASTM C40 ASTM C128 BS 812, Part 117 BS 812, Part 118 ASTM C88 LIMIT 2.0% Maximum 2.0% Maximum Lighter than Standard Color 1.0% Maximum 0.05% Maximum * 0.40% Maximum * 15.0% Maximum
* Acid limits shall not exceed values specified in Section 8.4. 6.3.2 The fine aggregates shall not have more than 45% passing in any sieve and retained on the next consecutive sieve of those shown in Section 6.3.1 and its fineness modulus shall not be less than 2.3 or more than 3.1. Note: Fine aggregates with fineness modulus less than the specified limit (as above) can be used, provided, that it has known performance records of not having any harmful effect on the other parameters of Concrete. 6.3.3 The amount of deleterious substances and physical properties of fine aggregates shall not exceed the limits shown in Table 3 B. Sand not meeting the above requirements can be used provided that it has known performance record.
Water Water used for ice production, for washing, rinsing and/or cooling aggregates and for mixing concrete shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalies, salts, organic materials, or other substances that may be deleterious to concrete or reinforcement and shall meet the requirements shown in Table 4 below. A complete chemical analysis of water shall be submitted prior to the start of production and shall be required for each new water source being chosen. No change in water source shall be permitted without prior approval by the SEC.
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TABLE 4: REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Magnesium, Chlorides and Sulfates pH Value
1000 ppm (max) 500 ppm (max) 6.5 - 8.0
Note: Same curing water quality, as specified in TCS-Q-113.03, can be used for mixing, if concrete structure is in arid/dry areas or subjected to moderate exposure condition. The SEC approval is needed in this case. 6.5 Storage of Materials 6.5.1 Cement and Mineral Additives (Section 7.2) shall be stored in weather tight buildings, bins, or silos which will exclude moisture and contaminants. Aggregate stockpiles shall be arranged on a clean, hard and slightly sloping ground, free from foreign materials, and handled by the supplier in such a manner so as to prevent contamination with other materials or with other sizes of aggregates. To insure that this condition is met, test for determining conformance to this Specification for cleanness and grading shall be performed on samples secured from the aggregates at the point of batching. Pre-dampening of aggregates, when considered desirable by the concrete supplier, shall be allowed to remain in the stockpiles for a minimum of 12 hours before use to prevent excessive variations in moisture content. Admixtures shall be stored in such a manner as to avoid contamination, evaporation, or damage and shall be protected from temperature changes which would adversely affect their characteristics. For admixtures used in the form of suspensions or non-stable solutions, agitating equipment shall be provided to ensure thorough distribution of the ingredients. SEC Representative should have the right to inspect the storage areas as mentioned above in mixing plants for verification of the above mentioned requirements.
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ADMIXTURES AND POZZOLANIC MATERIALS Admixtures to be used in concrete shall be subject to prior approval of The SEC and shall meet the following requirements: 7.1 Chemical Admixtures 7.1.1 Air-entraining admixtures shall conform to ASTM C 260, "Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete". Air Entraining Agents shall not be added at Site. 7.1.2 Water reducing or water reducing and retarding admixtures (Normal Plasticizers) shall conform to ASTM C 494, Specification for Chemical admixtures for Concrete, Type A or D, respectively. High range water reducing or water reducing and retarding admixtures (super plasticizers) shall conform to ASTM C 494, Type F or G, respectively. Only one of the Admixtures A, D, F or G, shall be added at a time. Chloride-bearing admixtures shall not be permitted. Super Plasticizers shall be checked for their compatibility with pozzolanic materials in blended cement concrete.
Pozzolanic Materials Pozzolanic Materials shall be used in Concrete subject to severe/very severe exposures. The pozzolanic materials permissible to be used are silica fume and fly ash. Samples of proposed Pozzolanic materials along with manufacturer's technical data shall be submitted for testing and/or approval prior to their use in concrete. Pozzolanic materials used in production of concrete shall be the same as the samples submitted. Testing for Mineral Additives shall be done for every 100 tons or for every new batch arrival at the concrete ready-mix Plant. Also, testing shall be done under the following conditions: i. ii. Change in material source A new batch plant being used for the first time
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Silica Fumes Silica fumes shall conform to ASTM C 1240. Silica fumes shall not be used when Mg (in groundwater) exceeds 0.10 % (1000 ppm). In addition, silica fumes shall satisfy the following requirements: a. b. c. d. SO3 Content (Maximum) Chloride CaO (Maximum) (Maximum) 3.0% <0.1% 1%
Moisture content and fineness (percentage retained on 45-m sieve) tests shall be done prior to concrete works with Silica fumes.
Silica fumes shall be properly dispersed in the Concrete Mix so as not to reduce the strength properties. Proper inspection is to be done at the time of mixing with other ingredients of Concrete to avoid agglomerate formation. 7.2.2. Fly Ash Fly ash shall be as per ASTM C 618 Class F. The Fly Ash shall be properly characterized (i.e., with well known performance record) prior to use in The SEC. Fly Ash shall be used under the following conditions: a. b. For mass concrete work When Magnesium (Mg) in soil and water exceeds 0.10 % (1000 ppm) in severe exposure conditions where Microsilica cannot be used Fly Ash shall satisfy the following additional requirements:
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Properties Theoretical surface area (minimum) Moisture content Loss on ignition Carbon content SiO2 (minimum)
Requirements 13000 cm2/g < 0.2 % 3% < 0.2% 52%
7.2.3. The amount of pozzolanic materials either blended with cement or added separately to the mixer and the water, binder ratio used shall be as per the requirements below.
Mineral Additive Silica Fumes Fly Ash
Percentage By Weight of Cement 8 25-30
Ratio* (Water/ Binding Materials) 0.40 0.36
* Binding Materials (BM) = Cement + Pozzolanic Materials (Fly Ash or Silica Fumes) Note: Only Fly Ash which is being used extensively in the market with excellent performance record shall be used for SEC.
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CONCRETE QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 8.1 General 8.1.1 It shall be the responsibility of the supplier to furnish the mix designs for the strength or strengths of concrete specified. Complete concrete design data shall be submitted to the SEC for approval a minimum of thirty (30) days prior to proposed use. Concrete for all parts of the work shall be of specified quality capable of being placed without excessive segregation and, when hardened, of developing all characteristics required by this Specification. The specific type of concrete exposure to be used for a particular job shall be as specified in the Data Schedule. In the event that no specific type of concrete mix is called for in the project documents, or in case of conflict between project specification and this Specification, requirements of Section 8.5 shall take precedence for special exposure conditions and Table 8 shall take precedence for concrete not subject to special exposure conditions.
Strength Requirements Strength requirements for compressive strength, fc shall be based on 28-day test, as determined using 152 mm x 305 mm cylinders having received the same treatment as the structure, for example, similar degree of consolidation, curing and temperature history during curing process. Testing shall be done according to ASTM C 39. Note: The comparison between compressive strength using cylinder and cube is given in Table 11. Compressive Strength fc shall not be less than the value specified in Section 8.5 and Table 8 for any of the tests.
Slump Requirements Concrete shall be proportioned and produced to have a slump, tested in accordance with ASTM C 143 at the point of delivery, within the limits shown in Table 5. When chemical admixtures meeting the requirements of Section 7.1.3 are used, the maximum permissible slump shall be 150 mm.
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PERMISSIBLE SLUMPS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION *
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Reinforced Foundation Walls and Footings and Pile***/ Auger Foundations Plain Footings, Caissons and Substructure Walls Pavements and Slabs Beams, Reinforced Walls, and Building Columns Mass Concrete * **
MAXIMUM** 75 mm 75 mm 75 mm 100 mm
MINIMUM 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
Permissible slumps shown are for concrete without chemical admixtures. A tolerance of up to 25 mm above the indicated maximum shall be allowed provided the average for all batches or the most recent 10 batches tested, whichever is fewer, does not exceed the maximum limit. When concrete pumps are used, the slump shall be determined at the discharge point of the concrete placement hose. When high range water reducing admixtures (super plasticizers) conforming to ASTM C 494 Type F or G is used, maximum slump shall be 150 mm. The slump of plain concrete shall be within the range specified in Table 5 prior to addition of chemical admixture. This does not apply at high water table conditions where Tremie is to be used.
Chloride and Sulfate in Concrete The total amount of acid-soluble chlorides (Cl) and acid-soluble sulfates (SO4) in the concrete as percentage by mass of cement shall not exceed the following limits: Acid soluble sulfates as SO3 Water soluble chlorides as Cl a. b. Prestressed concrete exposed to any exposure conditions Reinforced Concrete exposed to very Severe, Severe, and Moderate Exposure Conditions Reinforced Concrete exposed to Mild Exposure Conditions 4%
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Special Exposure Conditions and Requirements Tanking system shall be used for all types of shallow foundations and underground concreting irrespective of exposure conditions. 8.5.1 Very Severe Exposure Sabkhah Soils are considered as very severe exposure to concrete. For other details regarding Sabkhah soils, refer to TCS-Q-113.02. The requirements for the concrete exposed to Sabkhah are same as those detailed in Section 8.5.2. Piles in Sabkhah soils shall be designed as cased piles as additional protection against the aggressive nature of the soils. The feasibility of cathodic protection, as an additional protection measure, shall be considered depending on the results from the soil reports. 8.5.2 Severe Exposure Structural concrete including slabs-on-grade, which will be exposed to sea water, acid attack, above the sea and spray range for a height of 8 meters, seafront structures within 100 meters from shoreline, in contact with high concentration of chlorides (equal to or greater than 1000 ppm) or sulfates (equal to or greater than 2000 ppm) and pH value less than 6.5 regardless of additional protection such as waterproofing or coal tar epoxy coating, at the water or groundwater line or within fluctuating water level and spray, and concrete continuously or frequently subject to raw water washdown shall be defined as concrete subject to severe exposure. Ready-mixed concrete subject to severe exposure shall meet the following requirements: a. The maximum permissible water to cementitious materials ratio including surface moisture on aggregates, and other concrete constituents shall not exceed 0.40 for silica fumes and 0.36 for fly ash. Concrete shall be proportioned to produce a minimum compressive strength of 38 MPa (5,500 psi) in 28 days. Cementitious materials shall be a minimum of 390 kg/m3 and the amount of pozzolanic materials shall be as per 7.2.3. Portland cement and pozzolanic materials shall comply with Sections 6.1.2 and 7.2, respectively, of this specification.
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Air entraining admixtures for concrete shall be used only in areas where freezing and thawing conditions prevail. For other areas, airentraining shall not be used. Air-entraining admixtures shall conform to ASTM C 260 and shall be proportioned to produce entrained air, as shown on Table 6, when tested in accordance with ASTM C 173M. In no case the values given in Table 6 shall be exceeded.
TABLE 6: AIR CONTENT FOR AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE Nominal Maximum Size 9.5 mm of Aggregates (3/8 in.) Air Content 1.0% d. 4.5 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) 4.0 19.0 mm (3/4 in.) 3.5 25.0 mm (1 in.) 3.0
Workability shall be maintained by the use of admixtures as described in Section 7.1.2 or Section 7.1.3. The proposed design mix shall be tested to show that the chloride permeability, tested in accordance with ASTM C 1202 or AASHTO T-277, shall be as tabulated below and does not exceed 2000 coulombs and shall meet the compressive strength requirement of Section 8.5.2.b.
Type of Concrete Concrete With Silica Fumes Concrete With Fly Ash Plain Concrete
Maximum (Coulombs) 2000 2000 4000
One sample from the design mix shall be tested according to ASTM C 1543 and results correlated with those of ASTM C 1202. f. Blending of concrete with silica fumes/fly ash shall be strictly in accordance with the recommendations of the supplier. At locations where silica fume/fly ash are not available, the mix design shall be revised using higher design strength to reduce the effects of the deleterious chemicals in the soil. SEC approval shall be taken prior to design of concrete. Water-soluble chloride content as Cl shall not exceed 0.1 % by mass of cement.
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Moderate Exposure All reinforced and plain concrete below finished grade level, in contact with soil with chloride between 300-1000 ppm or sulfate between 150-2000 ppm, and if the soil (after testing) does not fall under the V. Severe/ Severe or Mild Exposures, shall be defined as concrete subject to moderate exposure. a. The maximum permissible water/cementitious materials ratio including surface moisture on aggregates, and other mix constituents shall not exceed 0.40. The concrete shall be proportioned to contain a minimum Portland cement content of 350 kg/m3. Portland cement shall comply with Section 6.1.3 of this Specification. The proportion shall be capable of producing a minimum compressive strength of 28 MPa (4000 psi). Air-entrainment requirement shall comply with Section 8.5.2.c. Workability shall be maintained by the use of chemical admixtures described in Section 7.1.2 and Section 7.1.3. TABLE 7 EXPOSURE DETAILS SITE CONDITIONS Sabkhah Soils; both Coastal and Inland Sabkhahs. Exposed to groundwater line or within fluctuating water level containing high concentrations of chlorides and sulfates. Within 8 meters above mean sea level and subgrade reinforced concrete within 100 meters from shoreline. Exposed continuously or frequently to raw water washdown. Exposed to fresh water, occasional raw water washdown, or in contact with dry to moist soil with details as given in 8.5.3, with pH value 6.6 - 7.3, and Resistivity 50100 ohm-m The concrete is always dry, and far above the water table, Chlorides less than 300 ppm and sulfates less than 150 ppm from both the soil and ground water (if exists). pH more than 7.3 and Resistivity more than 100 ohm-m
EXPOSURE Very Severe
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION Piles and Subgrade Reinforced Concrete Subgrade Reinforced Concrete Sea and Seafront Reinforced Concrete On Grade Structural Reinforced Concrete Subgrade Reinforced and Plain Concrete Including Slabs on Finished Grade Level Same as above plus superstructure
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Precautions It shall be the responsibility of the concrete supplier to ascertain that the admixtures are compatible and will not cause either short term or long term deficiencies in the quality or durability of the concrete.
Proportioning Requirements 8.6.1 The proportions of ingredients shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of ACI 211.1. Concrete shall be proportioned to conform to the requirements shown in Table 8 (A & B) for the strength indicated. Binary aggregate proportioning technique to optimize workability, compaction, and strength shall be used. Proportioning by Laboratory Trial Batches a. When laboratory trial batches are used as the basis for selecting concrete proportions, strength tests shall be made in accordance with ASTM C 39, on cylinders prepared in accordance with ASTM C 192. When laboratory trial batches are made, air content shall be within 0.5 percent and slump within 20 mm of maximum values permitted by this Specification. A curve shall be established showing relationship between watercementitious material ratio and compressive strength. Curve shall be based on at least three points representing batches which produce strengths above and below required average compressive strength specified in Section 8.6.5. If the ready-mixed concrete plant does not have a record based on 30 consecutive strength tests representing similar materials and conditions to those expected, required average compressive strength shall be 8.27 MPa (1200 psi) greater than specified compressive strength, f'c. Each point shall represent the average of at least three cylinders tested at 28 days. Maximum permissible water to cementitious materials ratio for concrete to be used in the structure shall be that shown by the curve to produce the average strength indicated in Section 8.6.5 unless a lower water-cement ratio is required in Section 8.5.
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TABLE 8 A: PROPORTIONING REQUIREMENTS FOR SUPERSTRUCTURES/ CONCRETE IN MILD EXPOSURE CONDITIONS
MINIMUM CONCRETE STRENGTH-(f 'c) MPa psi 34.5 5000 31.0 4500 27.6 4000 24.2 3500 20.7 3000 17.2 2500
WATER-BM** RATIO Maximum* 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.50 0.50 0.60
MIN. CEMENT CONTENT kg/m 390 370 350 330 320 300
USE Exterior Exterior Exterior Interior Interior Blinding
These Values To Be Adopted For Conditions Not Included In The Table 8 B.*** * ** *** 8.6.5 Including surface moisture on aggregates, liquid and other ingredients BM-Binding Materials = Cement + Pozzolanic Materials (Fly Ash/ Silica fumes) For higher values of concrete strength, use guidelines from ACI 211.1. Proportioning On the Basis of Field Experience a. Where a concrete production facility has a record, based on at least 30 consecutive strength tests that represent similar materials and conditions to those expected, the required average compressive strength used as the basis for selecting concrete proportions shall exceed the required specified compressive strength, f'c, at designated test age by at least: 2.76 MPa (400 psi) 3.79 MPa (550 psi) 4.83 MPa (700 psi) 6.20 MPa (900 psi) if standard deviation is less than 2.07 MPa. if standard deviation is 2.07 MPa to 2.76 MPa. if standard deviation is 2.76 MPa to 3.45 MPa. if standard deviation is 3.45 MPa to 4.14 MPa.
8.27 MPa (1200 psi) if standard deviation is greater than 4.14 MPa. b. Strength tests used to establish standard deviation shall represent concrete produced to meet a specified strength or strengths within 6.90 MPa of that specified for the proposed work.
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TABLE 8 B. SUBJECT TO SPECIAL EXPOSURE CONDITIONS MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Cement Type Cl (Soil+ Water) % >0.10 >0.10 >0.10 >0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Type V Type II / Type I C3A-5-8 % Type V Fly Ash 0.36 0.40 0.40 Type I C3A-8-14 % Silica Fumes 0.40 Type I C3A-8-14 % Fly Ash 0.36 390 390 390 350 350 Type I C3A-8-14 % Silica Fumes 0.40 390 Type I C3A-8-14 % Fly Ash 0.36 390 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 70-TMSS-03, Rev. 01 Maximum W/BM** Min. BM** Content (Kg/m3) Max.Cl In Concrete %
Type of Admixture (Pozzolanic Materials)
Very Severe (See Section 7.5.1) *
Severe (See Section 7.5.2)
Moderate (See Section 7.5.3)
Notes: * **. 1. 2.
See Section 7.5.1 for additional protection of foundations in Sabkhah soils. BM = Binding Material= Cement + Pozzolanic Materials (Fly Ash or Silica Fumes) Minimum Concrete Strength- fc 38 MPa /5500 psi for Very Severe and Severe exposure Conditions. Minimum Concrete Strength- fc 28 MPa/ 4000 psi for Moderate Exposure Condition.
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PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE Ready-mixed concrete shall be batched, mixed, and transported in accordance with ASTM C 94, "Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete", and ACI 304, "Recommended Practice for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete", unless permitted otherwise in this Specifications. 9.1 Batching 9.1.1 Scales for weighing concrete ingredients shall be accurate when in use within 0.4 percent of their total capacities. Plant scales and other measuring mechanisms shall be calibrated no less than 3 times per year, and shall be certified as conforming to the requirements of ASTM C 94. Copies of all certification results shall be submitted to the SEC and a copy shall be tagged on to the different scales for easy identification. Operation of batching equipment shall be such that concrete ingredients are constantly measured within the following tolerances: Cement Water Aggregates Admixtures 9.1.3 : : : : 1% 1% 2% 3%
Batching of concrete ingredients shall be mass-controlled only. Volume batching shall not be permitted.
Mixing 9.2.1 Central-mixed or truck-mixed (dry or wet) concrete shall be permitted. The batch mixer shall be capable of thoroughly combining the ingredients into a uniform mass within the specified mixing time, and of discharging the concrete without harmful segregation. Dry mix shall be as per Section 9.5. The central-mixed concrete batch plant shall be equipped with an automatic timing device, which will lock the discharging mechanism and prevent emptying of the mixer until all the materials have been mixed together for the minimum time required. When truck-mixed concrete is delivered, each truck mixer shall be fitted with an operable revolution counter. Except as otherwise provided for in ASTM C 94, concrete shall be mixed for a minimum of 100 revolutions at mixing speed and discharge shall be completed in accordance with Section 9.4. or before the drum has been revolved 300 revolutions whichever comes first after the introduction of mixing water to the cement and aggregates. Truckmixed concrete delivered in trucks not having or having inoperable revolution counters shall be rejected.
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Trucks delivering concrete from either a central-mixed or a truck-mixed plant shall be equipped with a water system having an accurate and easily readable water measuring device. The sequence of loading for concrete with silica fumes shall be as follows: a. Fine aggregates, cement and silica fumes/fly ash shall be mixed in dry condition for at least three (3) minutes. Coarse aggregates shall be added and mixed in the dry condition for at least one (1) minute. Water and chemical admixtures can be added and mixed to obtain a uniform mix.
Control of Admixtures 9.3.1 Chemical admixtures and Air-entraining admixtures (where required) shall be charged into the mixer as solution and shall be measured by means of an approved mechanical dispensing device. The liquid part of the admixtures shall be considered a part of the mixing water. When two or more admixtures are used in the concrete, they shall be added separately to avoid possible interaction that might interfere with the efficiency of either admixture or adversely affect the concrete. Manufacturer's certification shall be obtained to show that the admixtures are compatible and will not affect the normal setting time of concrete.
Hot Weather Concreting 9.4.1 During hot weather, or under conditions contributing to rapid evaporation of mix water, the mixing, delivery and complete discharge time shall not exceed the following limits: TABLE 9: HOT WEATHER CONCRETING Maximum Concrete Temperature 29C 29C 32C
Ambient Temperature 29C or less Between 29C and 32C 32C and more
Delivery Time 90 minutes 75 minutes 60 minutes
Note 1: During hot weather conditions (May to October), Concrete temperature is permitted to vary by 2C more than the value in the table above. Note 2: Minimum concrete temperature at delivery shall not be less than 5C.
70TMSS03R01/SZA Date of Approval: January 31, 2012 PAGE NO. 28 OF 38
In all cases, delivery time with respect to maximum concrete temperature as specified above shall not be exceeded. Concrete delivered at temperature greater than that specified above shall be rejected at the expense of the supplier.
Ready-Batched (Dry-Mix) Concrete Ready-batched (Dry-Mix) concrete shall be permitted when ready-mixed (wet) concrete cannot satisfy Table 9 requirements due to long haul distances. Following conditions shall apply in such case: 9.5.1 For long hauls of up to 3 hours from the concrete batching plant, contact between cementitious materials and aggregates shall be avoided or minimized by slide loading of cementitious materials into a still drum as the last ingredient and shall not be rotated until water is added for mixing at the job site. The drum opening when using this option shall be provided with cover. For longer haul wherein travel time from the concrete batching plant exceeds 3 hours, cement batching facility shall be located at or near the job site. This option requires batching of coarse and fine aggregates including not more than 80% of the mixing water at the regular concrete batching plant with the cementitious materials and the remaining water added at the batching facility near or at the job site. Mixing water for ready-batched concrete shall be added at site and concrete temperature shall not exceed 32C. During hot weather conditions, cold water or ice shall be used to produce concrete keeping the temperature within limits specified as note in Table 9.
9.5.4. Mix design and mixing procedure shall be approved by The SEC. 9.5.5. Trial batches shall be performed and witnessed by SEC Representative. 9.5.6. The total absolute volume of the all ingredients batching should not exceed 63% of the drum volume of the truck as indicated in ASTM C 94. 9.5.7. Consistency and uniformity tests shall be performed as per the requirements of ASTM C 685 under supervision of SEC Representative.
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QUALITY CONTROL, INSPECTION AND TESTS The concrete supplier (Ready-Mix Batching Plant) shall establish and maintain a Quality Control Program, which shall include the minimum testing requirements of Sections 10.1, 10.2, and 10.3. The SEC reserves the right to obtain samples, of either the delivered product or its constituent components, as deemed necessary to verify compliance to any of the quality requirements stated in this Specification at no extra cost. 10.1 Aggregates Tests 10.1.1 Coarse Aggregates o Gradation or sieve analysis o Materials finer than the 75 m (#200) sieve o Clay lumps and friable particles o Los Angeles abrasion o Specific gravity and absorption o Chlorides and Sulfates o Magnesium sulfate soundness o Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates 10.1.2 Fine Aggregates o Gradation or sieve analysis o Materials finer than the 75 m (#200) sieve o Clay lumps and friable particles o Soluble chlorides and soluble sulfates o Magnesium sulfate soundness o Organic impurities Weekly Weekly Monthly Monthly Quarterly Quarterly Weekly Weekly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Biannually
10.1.3 Tests on Mixing Water o Chlorides o Sulfates o Magnesium o Total dissolved solids Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly
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Concrete Tests 10.2.1 Concrete with Pozzolanic Materials (silica fumes or fly ash) shall be tested for verification of compliance to the requirements of Section 8.5.2.b. A sample cast from the same batch of concrete and cured at site along with the structure shall be used. Frequency of testing shall be as stated in the Data Schedule. 10.2.2 The frequency of obtaining specimens for compressive strength testing shall be a minimum of one test per 75 cubic meters or part thereof, per plant, per mix/strength classification, per day. Each test shall consist of a set of five (5) cylinders, sampled and cast at the project site in accordance with ASTM C 31. The cylinders shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C 39; one cylinder at 3 days, one cylinder at 7 days, and three cylinders at 28 days of age. Two of the cylinders to be tested at 28 days shall be field cured. The average of the two 28 day individual strengths of field cured samples shall be referred to as 28-day compressive strength. 10.2.3 The test report shall include the following information for each of concrete specimen taken: o Mix/Strength classification in MPa o Cylinder strength in MPa o Cylinder identification number o Slump in millimeters, mm o Wet density in kg/m3 o Ambient air temperature in C o Concrete temperature in C o Percent air content, when air-entrained concrete is specified o Location in structure 10.2.4 Rapid Chloride Permeability tests shall be done on Concrete specimens having received the same treatment as the structure, for example, similar degree of consolidation, curing and temperature history during curing process. Frequency of Rapid Chloride Permeability Testing shall be as follows: a. b. For small works, < 25m, One (1) sample during every concrete pour For large works, One (1) sample per 50 cubic meters of concrete or part thereof.
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Chloride Permeability Test as per ASTM C 1543 shall be carried out as part of design mix approval and data compared with results obtained in a and b above.
10.2.5 Chloride and Sulfate Content in Concrete Frequency of tests shall be same as that for Chloride permeability tests (See Section 10.2.4) 10.3 Evaluation and Acceptance 10.3.1 Control of all ready-mixed concrete shall be based on 28-day compressive strength, f'c, as determined using two 152 mm x 305 mm cylinders tested in accordance with ASTM C 39. 10.3.2 Evaluation of all compressive strength test results shall be based on ACI 214, "Recommended Practice for Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete". 10.3.3 The strength level of the concrete will be considered satisfactory if the following criteria are met: a. The average of all sets of three consecutive strength tests equals or exceeds the required f'c. No individual strength test (average of two cylinders strengths) falls below required f'c by more than 3.45 MPa.
10.3.4 In the event that concrete fails to meet the strength requirements of this Specification, in-place testing for concrete strength shall be conducted. Testing shall be conducted by one or a combination of the following methods: (1) Method of Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete, ASTM C 42 Load Test in accordance with ACI 318. Concrete in the area represented by in-place test shall be considered structurally adequate provided such results conform to the provisions of ACI 318. Concrete judged structurally inadequate after in-place testing as described above shall be removed and replaced at no expense to SEC. This shall be performed under the supervision of SEC Representative.
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DELIVERY 11.1 Delivery Truck Requirements All trucks used for the delivery of truck-mixed concrete either ready-batched (dry) or ready-mixed (wet) shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C 94. In addition, each truck used on The SEC project shall be equipped with a minimum of one (1) permanently affixed discharge chute and three (3) attachable extensions. 11.1.1 Each truck shall have an operable water system with a measuring device of one of the following types: a. b. c. Automatic Cut-off Siphon Type Water Meter of the Automatic Shut-off Type Sight Gauge or Gauges
11.1.2 Each truck used for the delivery of truck-mixed concrete shall be equipped with an operable revolution counter. 11.1.3 Trucks used for delivery of concrete to The SEC projects shall conform to all applicable SEC safety regulations.
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Batch Ticket Information The supplier of the concrete shall furnish to The SEC with each batch of concrete before unloading at the site, a delivery ticket on which is computer printed or written, stamped, information concerning said concrete as follows: TABLE 10: REQUIREMENTS OF BATCH TICKET a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. Name and location of ready-mixed concrete batch plant Serial number of ticket Date Truck number Name of Contractor Specific designation of job (JO number and location) Specific class/ Exposure condition or strength designation of the concrete Volume of concrete in cubic meters Time loaded and time discharge started Humidity at the time of loading and discharge For truck-mixed (Dry mix) concrete, reading of revolution counter at the first addition of water Type, brand and amount of cement Type, brand and amount of admixtures Total water content by producer Maximum size of aggregate Weight of fine and coarse aggregates Temperature of concrete at loading and at discharge, and Signature or initial of ready-mixed concrete Company Representative
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TABLE 11: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CLASSES FOR NORMAL WEIGHT CONCRETE Required minimum characteristic cylinder strength (MPa) 8 12 16 20 25 28 30 32 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100 Required minimum characteristic cube strength (MPa) 10 15 20 25 30 35 37 40 45 50 55 60 67 75 85 95 105 115 Compressive strength class C8/C10 C12/C15 C16/C20 C20/C25 C25/C30 C28/C35 C30/C37 C32/C40 C35/C45 C40/C50 C45/C55 C50/C60 C55/C67 C60/C75 C70/C85 C80/C95 C90/C105 C100/C115
These values are based upon BS EN 206-1: 2000, Table 7 and BS 8500-1:2002, Table A-20
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NORMAL WEIGHT READY-MIXED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE SEC Enquiry No. SEC Purchase Order No. or Contract No. SEC PTS No./Project Title with J.O. No. REFERENCE SECTION NO. Date: Date:
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 8.5 a) Exposure Requirements b) Type of Cement c) Min. Cement Content (kg/m3) d) Pozzolanic Material Content (kg/m3) Name/Brand e) Reqd Min. Cylindrical Compressive Strength @ 28 Day Strength(MPa)* f) Max.water/ cementitious materials ratio g) Max. Slump w/o admixture (mm) h) Mass of fine aggregates (kg/m3)
'A' - SEC SPECIFIED DATA/PARAMETER 'B' - BIDDER/SUPPLIER/VENDOR/CONTRACTOR PROPOSED DATA/PARAMETERS 'C' - REMARKS SUPPORTING THE PROPOSED DEVIATION IN COLUMN 'B' (*) -DATA/PARAMETER TO BE PROVIDED/PROPOSED BY THE BIDDER/SUPPLIER/ VENDOR/CONTRACTOR IN COLUMN 'B'
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS i) Coarse Aggregates Type Mass (kg/m3) Nominal Size (mm) j) Admixture: Type Brand Dosage (l/m) 10.0 TESTS
10.2.2 Frequency of Sampling for Compressive Strength/m 10.2.4 Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (ASTM C1202) Frequency of Permeability Test/m Chloride Permeability Test (ASTM C1543) Yes/No
'A'- SEC SPECIFIED DATA/PARAMETER 'B'- BIDDER/SUPPLIER/VENDOR/CONTRACTOR PROPOSED DATA/PARAMETERS 'C'- REMARKS SUPPORTING THE PROPOSED DEVIATION IN COLUMN 'B' (*)- DATA/PARAMETER TO BE PROVIDED/PROPOSED BY THE BIDDER/SUPPLIER/ VENDOR/CONTRACTOR IN COLUMN 'B'
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NORMAL WEIGHT READY-MIXED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE A. ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION OR FEATURES TO BE FURNISHED BY SEC:
ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENTARY DATA OR BIDDER/VENDOR/SUPPLIER/CONTRACTOR:
Actual Manufacturer of Equipment/Material Name of the Company Location and address
Vendor/Supplier/ Contractor
Name and Signature of authorized Representative and date
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