Source: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title2/html/USCODE-2011-title2-chap14-subchapI-sec441a.htm
Timestamp: 2017-11-18 18:09:19
Document Index: 108651066

Matched Legal Cases: ['§441', '§315', '§320', '§112', '§315', '§105', '§2', '§102', '§202', '§304', '§304', '§307', '§102', '§102', '§102', '§307', '§214', '§202', '§307', '§307', '§213', '§213', '§307', '§304', '§316', '§304', '§307', '§214']

CHAPTER 14 - FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
Sec. 441a - Limitations on contributions and expenditures
§441a. Limitations on contributions and expenditures
(a) Dollar limits on contributions
(1) Except as provided in subsection (i) of this section and section 441a–1 of this title, no person shall make contributions—
(B) to the political committees established and maintained by a national political party, which are not the authorized political committees of any candidate, in any calendar year which, in the aggregate, exceed $25,000;
(B) to the political committees established and maintained by a national political party, which are not the authorized political committees of any candidate, in any calendar year, which, in the aggregate, exceed $15,000; or
(3) During the period which begins on January 1 of an odd-numbered year and ends on December 31 of the next even-numbered year, no individual may make contributions aggregating more than—
(4) The limitations on contributions contained in paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply to transfers between and among political committees which are national, State, district, or local committees (including any subordinate committee thereof) of the same political party. For purposes of paragraph (2), the term “multicandidate political committee” means a political committee which has been registered under section 433 of this title for a period of not less than 6 months, which has received contributions from more than 50 persons, and, except for any State political party organization, has made contributions to 5 or more candidates for Federal office.
(ii) expenditures made by any person (other than a candidate or candidate's authorized committee) in cooperation, consultation, or concert with, or at the request or suggestion of, a national, State, or local committee of a political party, shall be considered to be contributions made to such party committee; and
(i) any person makes, or contracts to make, any disbursement for any electioneering communication (within the meaning of section 434(f)(3) of this title); and
(ii) such disbursement is coordinated with a candidate or an authorized committee of such candidate, a Federal, State, or local political party or committee thereof, or an agent or official of any such candidate, party, or committee;
such disbursement or contracting shall be treated as a contribution to the candidate supported by the electioneering communication or that candidate's party and as an expenditure by that candidate or that candidate's party; and
(1) No candidate for the office of President of the United States who is eligible under section 9003 of title 26 (relating to condition for eligibility for payments) or under section 9033 of title 26 (relating to eligibility for payments) to receive payments from the Secretary of the Treasury may make expenditures in excess of—
(A) $10,000,000, in the case of a campaign for nomination for election to such office, except the aggregate of expenditures under this subparagraph in any one State shall not exceed the greater of 16 cents multiplied by the voting age population of the State (as certified under subsection (e) of this section), or $200,000; or
(B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), in any calendar year after 2002—
(i) a limitation established by subsections (a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), (a)(3), (b), (d), or (h) of this section shall be increased by the percent difference determined under subparagraph (A);
(C) In the case of limitations under subsections (a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), (a)(3), and (h) of this section, increases shall only be made in odd-numbered years and such increases shall remain in effect for the 2-year period beginning on the first day following the date of the last general election in the year preceding the year in which the amount is increased and ending on the date of the next general election.
(A) the term “price index” means the average over a calendar year of the Consumer Price Index (all items—United States city average) published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; and
(B) the term “base period” means—
(i) for purposes of subsections (b) and (d) of this section, calendar year 1974; and
(ii) for purposes of subsections (a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), (a)(3), and (h) of this section, calendar year 2001.
(2) The national committee of a political party may not make any expenditure in connection with the general election campaign of any candidate for President of the United States who is affiliated with such party which exceeds an amount equal to 2 cents multiplied by the voting age population of the United States (as certified under subsection (e) of this section). Any expenditure under this paragraph shall be in addition to any expenditure by a national committee of a political party serving as the principal campaign committee of a candidate for the office of President of the United States.
(3) The national committee of a political party, or a State committee of a political party, including any subordinate committee of a State committee, may not make any expenditure in connection with the general election campaign of a candidate for Federal office in a State who is affiliated with such party which exceeds—
(A) in the case of a candidate for election to the office of Senator, or of Representative from a State which is entitled to only one Representative, the greater of—
(4) Independent versus coordinated expenditures by party.—
(A) In general.—On or after the date on which a political party nominates a candidate, no committee of the political party may make—
(i) any coordinated expenditure under this subsection with respect to the candidate during the election cycle at any time after it makes any independent expenditure (as defined in section 431(17) of this title) with respect to the candidate during the election cycle; or
(ii) any independent expenditure (as defined in section 431(17) of this title) with respect to the candidate during the election cycle at any time after it makes any coordinated expenditure under this subsection with respect to the candidate during the election cycle.
(B) Application.—For purposes of this paragraph, all political committees established and maintained by a national political party (including all congressional campaign committees) and all political committees established and maintained by a State political party (including any subordinate committee of a State committee) shall be considered to be a single political committee.
(C) Transfers.—A committee of a political party that makes coordinated expenditures under this subsection with respect to a candidate shall not, during an election cycle, transfer any funds to, assign authority to make coordinated expenditures under this subsection to, or receive a transfer of funds from, a committee of the political party that has made or intends to make an independent expenditure with respect to the candidate.
(g) Attribution of multi-State expenditures to candidate's expenditure limitation in each State
The Commission shall prescribe rules under which any expenditure by a candidate for presidential nominations for use in 2 or more States shall be attributed to such candidate's expenditure limitation in each such State, based on the voting age population in such State which can reasonably be expected to be influenced by such expenditure.
Subject to paragraph (2), if the opposition personal funds amount with respect to a candidate for election to the office of Senator exceeds the threshold amount, the limit under subsection (a)(1)(A) of this section (in this subsection referred to as the “applicable limit”) with respect to that candidate shall be the increased limit.
(i) State-by-State competitive and fair campaign formula
Except as provided in clause (ii), for purposes of subparagraph (A), if the opposition personal funds amount is over—
(i) 2 times the threshold amount, but not over 4 times that amount—
(II) the limit under subsection (a)(3) of this section shall not apply with respect to any contribution made with respect to a candidate if such contribution is made under the increased limit of subparagraph (A) during a period in which the candidate may accept such a contribution;
(ii) 4 times the threshold amount, but not over 10 times that amount—
(II) the limit under subsection (a)(3) of this section shall not apply with respect to any contribution made with respect to a candidate if such contribution is made under the increased limit of subparagraph (A) during a period in which the candidate may accept such a contribution; and
(iii) 10 times the threshold amount—
(III) the limits under subsection (d) of this section with respect to any expenditure by a State or national committee of a political party shall not apply.
The opposition personal funds amount is an amount equal to the excess (if any) of—
(i) the greatest aggregate amount of expenditures from personal funds (as defined in section 434(a)(6)(B) of this title) that an opposing candidate in the same election makes; over
(E) Special rule for candidate's campaign funds
For purposes of determining the aggregate amount of expenditures from personal funds under subparagraph (D)(ii), such amount shall include the gross receipts advantage of the candidate's authorized committee.
(I) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of gross receipts of a candidate's authorized committee during any election cycle (not including contributions from personal funds of the candidate) that may be expended in connection with the election, as determined on June 30 and December 31 of the year preceding the year in which a general election is held, over
(II) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of gross receipts of the opposing candidate's authorized committee during any election cycle (not including contributions from personal funds of the candidate) that may be expended in connection with the election, as determined on June 30 and December 31 of the year preceding the year in which a general election is held.
Subject to subparagraph (B), a candidate and the candidate's authorized committee shall not accept any contribution, and a party committee shall not make any expenditure, under the increased limit under paragraph (1)—
(i) until the candidate has received notification of the opposition personal funds amount under section 434(a)(6)(B) of this title; and
A candidate and a candidate's authorized committee shall not accept any contribution and a party shall not make any expenditure under the increased limit after the date on which an opposing candidate ceases to be a candidate to the extent that the amount of such increased limit is attributable to such an opposing candidate.
The aggregate amount of contributions accepted by a candidate or a candidate's authorized committee under the increased limit under paragraph (1) and not otherwise expended in connection with the election with respect to which such contributions relate shall, not later than 50 days after the date of such election, be used in the manner described in subparagraph (B).
A candidate or a candidate's authorized committee shall return the excess contribution to the person who made the contribution.
Any candidate who incurs personal loans made after the effective date of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 in connection with the candidate's campaign for election shall not repay (directly or indirectly), to the extent such loans exceed $250,000, such loans from any contributions made to such candidate or any authorized committee of such candidate after the date of such election.
(Pub. L. 92–225, title III, §315, formerly §320, as added Pub. L. 94–283, title I, §112(2), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 486; renumbered §315, Pub. L. 96–187, title I, §105(5), Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354; amended Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 107–155, title I, §102, title II, §§202, 213, 214(a), title III, §§304(a), 307(a)–(d), 316, 319(b), Mar. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 86, 90, 94, 97, 102, 103, 108, 112.)
For effective date of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (j), see section 402 of Pub. L. 107–155, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment; Regulations note under section 431 of this title.
A prior section 315 of Pub. L. 92–225 was renumbered section 311, and is classified to section 438 of this title.
Another prior section 315 of Pub. L. 92–225 was renumbered section 310, and is classified to section 437h of this title.
2002—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–155, §§304(a)(1), 319(b), substituted “Except as provided in subsection (i) of this section and section 441a–1 of this title, no person” for “No person” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 107–155, §307(a)(1), substituted “$2,000” for “$1,000”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–155, §§102(1), 307(a)(2), substituted “$25,000;” for “$20,000; or”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 107–155, §102(2), inserted “(other than a committee described in subparagraph (D))” after “committee” and substituted “; or” for period at end.
Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 107–155, §102(3), added subpar. (D).
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–155, §307(b), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “No individual shall make contributions aggregating more than $25,000 in any calendar year. For purposes of this paragraph, any contribution made to a candidate in a year other than the calendar year in which the election is held with respect to which such contribution is made, is considered to be made during the calendar year in which such election is held.”
Subsec. (a)(7)(B)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 107–155, §214(a), added cl. (ii) and redesignated former cl. (ii) as (iii).
Subsec. (a)(7)(C), (D). Pub. L. 107–155, §202, added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107–155, §307(d)(1), redesignated existing provisions as subpar. (A), struck out at end “Each limitation established by subsection (b) of this section and subsection (d) of this section shall be increased by such percent difference. Each amount so increased shall be the amount in effect for such calendar year.”, and added subpars. (B) and (C).
Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–155, §307(d)(2), substituted “means—” for “means the calendar year 1974” and added cls. (i) and (ii).
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 107–155, §213(1), substituted “paragraphs (2), (3), and (4)” for “paragraphs (2) and (3)”.
Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 107–155, §213(2), added par. (4).
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 107–155, §307(c), substituted “$35,000” for “$17,500”.
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–155, §304(a)(2), added subsec. (i).
Subsec. (i)(1)(E). Pub. L. 107–155, §316, added subpar. (E).
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 107–155, §304(a)(2), added subsec. (j).
1986—Subsecs. (a)(5), (b)(1). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”, which for purposes of codification was translated as “title 26” thus requiring no change in text.
Pub. L. 107–155, title III, §307(e), Mar. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 103, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply with respect to contributions made on or after January 1, 2003.”
Amendment by Pub. L. 107–155 effective Nov. 6, 2002, except that amendments by sections 102 and 307 of the Act applicable with respect to contributions made on or after Jan. 1, 2003, and amendments by sections 202, 213, 214(a), 304(a), 316, and 319(b) of the Act not applicable with respect to runoff elections, recounts, or election contests resulting from elections held prior to Nov. 6, 2002, see section 402 of Pub. L. 107–155, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment; Regulations note under section 431 of this title.
Pub. L. 107–155, title II, §214(c), Mar. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 95, provided that: “The Federal Election Commission shall promulgate new regulations on coordinated communications paid for by persons other than candidates, authorized committees of candidates, and party committees. The regulations shall not require agreement or formal collaboration to establish coordination. In addition to any subject determined by the Commission, the regulations shall address—