Source: http://dccode.elaws.us/code?no=23-1&e=8
Timestamp: 2019-12-09 02:50:19
Document Index: 132818629

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 23', '§ 210', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 210', '§ 2', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 2', '§ 101', '§ 303', '§ 23', '§ 101', '§ 23', '§ 210', '§ 224', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 224', '§ 224', '§ 224', '§ 224', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 210', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 210', '§ 14', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 210', '§ 220', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 220', '§ 220', '§ 23', '§ 210', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 2', '§ 23']

§ 23-102. Abandonment of prosecution; enlargement of time for taking action.
If any person charged with a criminal offense shall have been committed or held to bail to await the action of the grand jury and within nine months thereafter the grand jury shall not have taken action on the case, either by ignoring the charge or by returning an indictment, the prosecution of such charge shall be deemed to have been abandoned and the accused shall be set free or his bail discharged, as the case may be: but, the court having jurisdiction to try the offense for which the person has been committed, when practicable and upon good cause shown in writing and upon due notice to the accused, may from time to time enlarge the time for the taking action in such case by the grand jury.
(July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 605, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)
1981 Ed., § 23-102.
1973 Ed., § 23-102.
§ 23-103. Statements prior to sentence.
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, before imposing sentence the court may disclose to the defendant's counsel and to the prosecuting attorney, but not to one and not the other, all or part of any pre-sentencing report submitted to the court in the case. The court also prior to imposing sentence shall afford counsel an opportunity to speak on behalf of the defendant and shall address the defendant personally and ask him if he wishes to make a statement in his own behalf and to present any information in mitigation of punishment. At any time when the defendant or his counsel addresses the court on the sentence to be imposed, the prosecuting attorney shall, if he wishes, have an equivalent opportunity to address the court and to make a recommendation to the court on the sentence to be imposed and to present information in support of his recommendation. Such information as the defendant or his counsel or the prosecuting attorney may present shall at all times be subject to the applicable rules of mutual discovery.
(b) When a victim elects to file a victim impact statement pursuant to § 23- 103a, the court shall disclose the victim impact statement portion of the presentence report at a reasonable time prior to imposing sentence to the defendant's counsel and to the prosecuting attorney.
(July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 605, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a); May 10, 1989, D.C. Law 7-229, § 2(a), 35 DCR 6155.)
1981 Ed., § 23-103.
1973 Ed., § 23-103.
For legislative history of D.C. Law 7-229, see Historical and Statutory Notes following § 23-103a.
§ 23-103a. Rights of victims of crime.[Repealed]
(May 10, 1989, D.C. Law 7-229, § 2(b), 35 DCR 6155; Aug. 20, 1994, D.C. Law 10-151, §§ 101(f), 501, 41 DCR 2608; June 8, 2001, D.C. Law 13-301, § 303, 47 DCR 7039.)
1981 Ed., § 23-103a.
For temporary amendment of section, see §§ 101(f) and 501 of the Omnibus Criminal Justice Reform Emergency Amendment Act of 1994 (D.C. Act 10-255, June 22, 1994, 41 DCR 4286).
Law 7-229, the "Victim's Rights Amendment Act of 1988," was introduced in Council and assigned Bill No. 7-586, which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. The Bill was adopted on first and second readings on June 28, 1988, and July 12, 1988, respectively. Signed by the Mayor on August 1, 1988, it was assigned Act No. 7-236 and transmitted to both Houses of Congress for its review.
Law 13-301, the "Senior Protection Amendment Act of 2000", was introduced in Council and assigned Bill No. 13-297, which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. The Bill was adopted on first and second readings on June 26, 2000, and July 11, 2000, respectively. Signed by the Mayor on August 2, 2000, it was assigned Act No. 13-396 and transmitted to both Houses of Congress for its review. D.C. Law 13-301 became effective on June 8, 2001.
§ 23-104. Appeals by United States and District of Columbia.
(a)(1) The United States or the District of Columbia may appeal an order, entered before the trial of a person charged with a criminal offense, which directs the return of seized property, suppresses evidence, or otherwise denies the prosecutor the use of evidence at trial, if the United States attorney or the Corporation Counsel conducting the prosecution for such violation certifies to the judge who granted such motion that the appeal is not taken for purpose of delay and the evidence is a substantial proof of the charge pending against the defendant.
(2) A motion for return of seized property or to suppress evidence shall be made before trial unless opportunity therefor did not exist or the defendant was not aware of the grounds for the motion.
(b) The United States or the District of Columbia may appeal a ruling made during the trial of a person charged with a criminal offense which suppresses or otherwise denies the prosecutor the use of evidence on the ground that it was invalidly obtained, if the United States attorney or the Corporation Counsel conducting the prosecution for such violation certifies to the judge who made the ruling that the appeal is not taken for purpose of delay and that the evidence is a substantial proof of the charge being tried against the defendant. The trial court shall adjourn the trial until the appeal shall be resolved; except that, if the decision on appeal has not been rendered within the ninety-six-hour period following the adjournment of the trial, the trial shall resume on the next day of regular court business following the expiration of the ninety-six-hour period, and the appeal shall be deemed void and without effect.
(c) The United States or the District of Columbia may appeal an order dismissing an indictment or information or otherwise terminating a prosecution in favor of a defendant or defendants as to one or more counts thereof, except where there is an acquittal on the merits.
(d) The United States or the District of Columbia may appeal any other ruling made during the trial of a person charged with an offense which the United States attorney or the Corporation Counsel certifies as involving a substantial and recurring question of law which requires appellate resolution. Such an appeal may be taken only during the trial and only with leave of the court. The trial court shall adjourn the trial until the appeal shall be resolved; except that, if the decision on appeal has not been rendered within the ninety-six-hour period following the adjournment of the trial, the trial shall resume on the next day of regular court business following the expiration of the ninety-six-hour period, and the appeal shall be deemed void and without effect.
(d-1) In a criminal or delinquency case, the United States or the District of Columbia may appeal an order of a trial court granting a new trial after verdict or judgment, as to any one or more counts, or any part thereof, except that no appeal shall lie where the double jeopardy clause of the United States Constitution prohibits further prosecution.
(d-2) In a criminal or delinquency case, the United States or the District of Columbia may appeal a decision or order entered by the trial court granting the release of a person charged with, or convicted or adjudicated delinquent of an offense, the denial of a motion for revocation of release, or modification of the conditions of release.
(e) Any appeal taken pursuant to this section either before or during trial shall be expedited. If an appeal is taken pursuant to subsection (b), (d), (d-1), or (d-2) during trial, the appellate court shall hear argument on such appeal within forty-eight hours of the adjournment of the trial pursuant to that subsection shall dispense with any requirement of written briefs other than the supporting materials previously submitted to the trial court, shall render its decision within forty-eight hours of argument on appeal, and may dispense with the issuance of a written opinion in rendering its decision. Such appeal and decision shall not affect the right of the defendant, in a subsequent appeal from a judgment of conviction, to claim as error reversal by the trial court on remand of a ruling appealed from during trial.
(f) Pending the prosecution and determination of an appeal taken pursuant to this section, the defendant shall be detained or released in accordance with Chapter 13 of this title and a juvenile respondent shall be detained or released in accordance with Chapter 23 of Title 16.
(July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 606, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a); Apr. 24, 2007, D.C. Law 16-306, § 224(a), 53 DCR 8610.)
1981 Ed., § 23-104.
1973 Ed., § 23-104.
D.C. Law 16-306 added subsecs. (d-1) and (d-2); in subsec. (e), substituted "subsection (b), (d), (d-1), or (d-2)" for "subsection (b) or (d)"; and rewrote subsec. (f), which had read as follows:
"(f) Pending the prosecution and determination of an appeal taken pursuant to this section, the defendant shall be detained or released in accordance with chapter 13 of this title."
For temporary (90 day) amendment of section, see § 224(a) of Omnibus Public Safety Emergency Amendment Act of 2006 (D.C. Act 16-445, July 19, 2006, 53 DCR 6443).
For temporary (90 day) amendment of section, see § 224(a) of Omnibus Public Safety Congressional Review Emergency Amendment Act of 2006 (D.C. Act 16-490, October 18, 2006, 53 DCR 8686).
For temporary (90 day) amendment of section, see § 224(a) of Omnibus Public Safety Congressional Review Emergency Amendment Act of 2007 (D.C. Act 17-10, January 16, 2007, 54 DCR 1479).
For temporary (90 day) amendment of section, see § 224(a) of Omnibus Public Safety Second Congressional Review Emergency Amendment Act of 2007 (D.C. Act 17-25, April 19, 2007, 54 DCR 4036).
§ 23-105. Challenges to jurors.
(a) In a trial for an offense punishable by death, each side is entitled to twenty peremptory challenges. In a trial for an offense punishable by imprisonment for more than one year, each side is entitled to ten peremptory challenges. In all other criminal cases, each side is entitled to three peremptory challenges. If there is more than one defendant, or if a case is prosecuted both by the United States and by the District of Columbia, the court may allow additional peremptory challenges and permit them to be exercised separately or jointly, but in no event shall one side be entitled to more peremptory challenges than the other.
(b) The court may direct that jurors in addition to the regular jury be called and impaneled to sit as alternate jurors. In addition to those otherwise allowed, each side is entitled to one peremptory challenge if one or two alternate jurors are to be impaneled, to two peremptory challenges if three or four alternate jurors are to be impaneled, and to three peremptory challenges if five or six alternate jurors are to be impaneled.
(c) Any juror or alternate juror may be challenged for cause.
(d) No verdict shall be set aside for any cause which might be alleged as ground for challenge of a juror before the jury is sworn, except when the objection to the juror is that he had a bias against the defendant such as would have disqualified him, such disqualification was not known to or suspected by the defendant or his counsel before the juror was sworn, and the basis for such disqualification was the subject of examination or request for examination of the prospective jurors by or on request of the defendant.
1981 Ed., § 23-105.
1973 Ed., § 23-105.
§ 23-106. Witnesses for defense; fees.
The court shall order at any time that a subpoena be issued for service upon a named witness on behalf of a defendant if the defendant makes an application for such an order and makes a satisfactory showing that he is financially unable to pay the fees of the witness and that the presence of the witness is necessary to an adequate defense. If the court orders the subpoena to be issued the costs incurred by the process and the fees of the witness so subpoenaed shall be paid in the same manner in which similar costs and fees are paid in case of a witness subpoenaed in behalf of the prosecuting authority.
1981 Ed., § 23-106.
1973 Ed., § 23-106.
§ 23-107. Discharge or acquittal of joint defendant during trial in order to be witness.
(a) When two or more persons are jointly indicted or charged by information, or charged by separate indictments or informations which have been joined for trial, the court may, with the consent of the prosecuting authority, direct that a defendant who has not gone into his defense be discharged so that he may be a witness for the prosecution.
(b) When two or more persons are jointly tried, a person desiring that another defendant testify on his behalf may request a judgment of acquittal on behalf of such defendant, which the court shall consider in the same manner as a motion made by such defendant.
(c) At the request of a defendant who wishes to testify on behalf of another person with whom he is jointly tried, if the evidence against such defendant is sufficient to be submitted to the jury and if such other person consents, the court may submit the case concerning such defendant to the jury separately so that his testimony may not be considered against him by such jury.
(d) A discharge granted pursuant to subsection (a), or an acquittal secured pursuant to subsection (b) or (c), shall be a bar to another prosecution for the same offense of the defendant so discharged or acquitted.
1981 Ed., § 23-107.
1973 Ed., § 23-107.
§ 23-108. Depositions.
(a) If a material witness for either the prosecution or the defendant resides more than twenty-five miles from the place of holding court, is sick or infirm, or is about to leave the District of Columbia, and the prosecution or the defendant applies in writing to the court for a commission to examine such witness, the court may grant the commission, and enter an order stating for what length of time notice shall be given to the other party before such witness shall be examined. At or before the time fixed in the notice, when the examination is upon written interrogatories, the other party may file cross-interrogatories. When the examination is conducted orally, the other party may cross-examine the deponent. If the other party fails to file written interrogatories or fails to attend an oral examination, the clerk shall file the following interrogatories:
"(1) Are all your statements in the foregoing answers made from your own personal knowledge? If not, show what is stated upon information and give its source.
"(2) State everything you know in addition to what is stated in your above answers concerning this case favorable to either the prosecution or the defendant."
(b) The court may order in any case that the examination be conducted orally.
(c) The commission shall issue from the clerk's office, the examination of the witnesses shall be made and certified, and the return thereof made in the same manner as in civil cases, and unimportant irregularities or errors in the proceedings under the commission shall not cause the deposition to be excluded where no substantial prejudice can be wrought to the prosecution or the defendant by such irregularities or errors.
(d) Copies of the depositions or answers to interrogatories shall be made available to all of the parties upon the completion of the examination.
(July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 608, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)
1981 Ed., § 23-108.
1973 Ed., § 23-108.
§ 23-109. Powers of investigators assigned to United States Attorney.
Any special investigator appointed by the Attorney General and assigned to the United States Attorney for the District shall have authority to execute all lawful writs, process, and orders issued under authority of the United States, and command all necessary assistance to execute his duties, and shall have the same powers to make arrests as are possessed by members of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia.
(July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 608, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a); June 3, 1997, D.C. Law 11-275, § 14(a), 44 DCR 1408.)
1981 Ed., § 23-109.
1973 Ed., § 23-109.
§ 23-110. Remedies on motion attacking sentence.
(b)(1) A motion for such relief may be made at any time.
(2) A motion for such relief may be dismissed if the government demonstrates that it has been materially prejudiced in its ability to respond to the motion by the delay in its filing, unless the movant shows that the motion is based on grounds which the movant could not have raised by the exercise of reasonable diligence before the circumstances prejudicial to the government occurred.
(July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 608, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a); Dec. 10, 2009, D.C. Law 18-88, § 220, 56 DCR 7413.)
1981 Ed., § 23-110.
1973 Ed., § 23-110.
D.C. Law 18-88, in subsec. (b), designated the existing language as par. (1), and added par. (2).
For temporary (90 day) amendment of section, see § 220 of Omnibus Public Safety and Justice Emergency Amendment Act of 2009 (D.C. Act 18-181, August 6, 2009, 56 DCR 6903).
For temporary (90 day) amendment of section, see § 220 of Omnibus Public Safety and Justice Congressional Review Emergency Amendment Act of 2009 (D.C. Act 18- 227, October 21, 2009, 56 DCR 8668).
§ 23-112. Consecutive and concurrent sentences.
(July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 610, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)
1981 Ed., § 23-112.
1973 Ed., § 23-112.
§ 23-114. Corroboration of a child witness' testimony not required.
For purposes of prosecutions brought under Title 22 of the D.C. Official Code, independent corroboration of the testimony of a child victim is not required to warrant a conviction.
(May 3, 1985, D.C. Law 5-196, § 2(b), 31 DCR 5977.)
1981 Ed., § 23-114.
Law 5-196, the "Child Abuse Reform Act of 1984," was introduced in Council and assigned Bill No. 5-426, which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. The Bill was adopted on first and second readings on September 12, 1984, and October 23, 1984, respectively. Signed by the Mayor on November 8, 1984, it was assigned Act No. 5-204 and transmitted to both Houses of Congress for its review.