Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/2016
Timestamp: 2017-05-30 07:43:50
Document Index: 547648455

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(A)In general.—Any procedure established under paragraph (1) shall—
(B)Multiple issuances.—
The procedure may include issuing benefits to a household in more than 1 issuance during a month only when a benefit correction is necessary.
(A)Implementation.—
Not later than October 1, 2002, each State agency shall implement an electronic benefit transfer system under which household benefits determined under section 2017(a) or 2035 of this title are issued from and stored in a central databank, unless the Secretary provides a waiver for a State agency that faces unusual barriers to implementing an electronic benefit transfer system.
(B)Timely implementation.—
Each State agency is encouraged to implement an electronic benefit transfer system under subparagraph (A) as soon as practicable.
(C)State flexibility.—
Subject to paragraph (2), a State agency may procure and implement an electronic benefit transfer system under the terms, conditions, and design that the State agency considers appropriate.
(D)Operation.—An electronic benefit transfer system should take into account generally accepted standard operating rules based on—
(2) The Secretary shall issue final regulations that establish standards for the approval of such a system. The standards shall include—
(ii) unless determined by the Secretary to be located in an area with significantly limited access to food, measures that require an electronic benefit transfer system—
(3) In the case of a system described in paragraph (1) in which participation is not optional for households, the Secretary shall not approve such a system unless—
Administrative costs incurred in connection with activities under this subsection shall be eligible for reimbursement in accordance with section 2025 of this title, subject to the limitations in section 2025(g) of this title.
This subsection shall not diminish the authority of the Secretary to conduct projects to test automated or electronic benefit delivery systems under section 2026(f) of this title.
(7)Replacement of benefits.—
Regulations issued by the Secretary regarding the replacement of benefits and liability for replacement of benefits under an electronic benefit transfer system shall be similar to the regulations in effect for a paper-based supplemental nutrition assistance issuance system.
(8)Replacement of cards.—
(A)Fees.—
A State agency may collect a charge for replacement of an electronic benefit transfer card by reducing the monthly allotment of the household receiving the replacement card.
(B) Purposeful loss of cards.—
(ii)Requirements.—The terms and conditions established by the Secretary shall provide that—
after an excessive number of lost cards, the head of the household shall be required to review program rights and responsibilities with State agency personnel authorized to make determinations under section 2014(a) of this title; and
any action taken, including actions required under section 2015(b)(2) of this title, other than the withholding of the electronic benefit transfer card until an explanation described in subclause (I) is provided, shall be consistent with the due process protections under section 2015(b) or 2020(e)(10) of this title, as appropriate.
(C)Protecting vulnerable persons.—
(D)Effect on eligibility.—
While a State may decline to issue an electronic benefits transfer card until a household satisfies the requirements under this paragraph, nothing in this paragraph shall be considered a denial of, or limitation on, the eligibility for benefits under section 2014 of this title.
(9) Optional photographic identification.—
A State agency may require that an electronic benefit card contain a photograph of 1 or more members of a household.
(B)Other authorized users.—
If a State agency requires a photograph on an electronic benefit card under subparagraph (A), the State agency shall establish procedures to ensure that any other appropriate member of the household or any authorized representative of the household may utilize the card.
(10)Federal law not applicable.—
Section 1693o–2 of title 15 shall not apply to electronic benefit transfer or reimbursement systems under this chapter.
(11) Application of anti-tying restrictions to electronic benefit transfer systems.—
(i)Affiliate.—
The term “affiliate” has the meaning provided the term in section 1841(k) of title 12.
(ii)Company.—
The term “company” has the meaning provided the term in section 1971 of title 12, but shall not include a bank, a bank holding company, or any subsidiary of a bank holding company.
(iii)Electronic benefit transfer service.—The term “electronic benefit transfer service” means the processing of electronic transfers of household benefits, determined under section 2017(a) or 2035 of this title, if the benefits are—
(iv)Point-of-sale service.—
The term “point-of-sale service” means any product or service related to the electronic authorization and processing of payments for merchandise at a retail food store, including credit or debit card services, automated teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, or access to on-line systems.
(B)Restrictions.—A company may not sell or provide electronic benefit transfer services, or fix or vary the consideration for electronic benefit transfer services, on the condition or requirement that the customer—
(C)Consultation with the federal reserve board.—
Before promulgating regulations or interpretations of regulations to carry out this paragraph, the Secretary shall consult with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
(12) Recovering electronic benefits.—
A State agency shall establish a procedure for recovering electronic benefits from the account of a household due to inactivity.
(B)Benefit storage.—
A State agency may store recovered electronic benefits off-line in accordance with subparagraph (D), if the household has not accessed the account after 6 months.
(C)Benefit expunging.—
A State agency shall expunge benefits that have not been accessed by a household after a period of 12 months.
(D)Notice.—A State agency shall—
(13)Interchange fees.—
No interchange fees shall apply to electronic benefit transfer transactions under this subsection.
(14) Mobile technologies.—
(A)In general.—Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall approve retail food stores to redeem benefits through electronic means other than wired point of sale devices for electronic benefit transfer transactions, if the retail food stores—
(B) Demonstration project on acceptance of benefits of mobile transactions.—
Before authorizing implementation of subparagraph (A) in all States, the Secretary shall pilot the use of mobile technologies determined by the Secretary to be appropriate to test the feasibility and implications for program integrity, by allowing retail food stores to accept benefits from recipients of supplemental nutrition assistance through mobile transactions.
(ii)Demonstration projects.—To be eligible to participate in a demonstration project under clause (i), a retail food store shall submit to the Secretary for approval a plan that includes—
(iii)Date of completion.—
The demonstration projects under this subparagraph shall be completed and final reports submitted to the Secretary by not later than July 1, 2016.
(C)Report to congress.—The Secretary shall—
(A) In generalNot later than the date the State agency issues benefits to individuals under this subsection, the State agency shall pay the Secretary, in accordance with procedures established by the Secretary, an amount that is equal to—
(4) PlanTo be eligible to issue benefits under this subsection, a State agency shall—
The term “electronic benefit transfer card” means a card that provides benefits under this chapter through an electronic benefit transfer service (as defined in subsection (h)(11)(A)).
The term “electronic benefit transfer contract” means a contract that provides for the issuance, use, or redemption of program benefits in the form of electronic benefit transfer cards.
The term “interoperability” means a system that enables program benefits in the form of an electronic benefit transfer card to be redeemed in any State.
The term “interstate transaction” means a transaction that is initiated in 1 State by the use of an electronic benefit transfer card that is issued in another State.
The term “portability” means a system that enables program benefits in the form of an electronic benefit transfer card to be used in any State by a household to purchase food at a retail food store or wholesale food concern approved under this chapter.
The term “settling” means movement, and reporting such movement, of funds from an electronic benefit transfer card issuer that is located in 1 State to a retail food store, or wholesale food concern, that is located in another State, to accomplish an interstate transaction.
The term “smart card” means an intelligent benefit card described in section 2026(f) of this title.
The term “switching” means the routing of an interstate transaction that consists of transmitting the details of a transaction electronically recorded through the use of an electronic benefit transfer card in 1 State to the issuer of the card that is in another State.
(4) StandardsNot later than 210 days after February 11, 2000, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations that—
(A) ContractsThe requirements of paragraph (2) shall not apply to the transfer of benefits under an electronic benefit transfer contract before the expiration of the term of the contract if the contract—
(B) WaiverAt the request of a State agency, the Secretary may provide 1 waiver to temporarily exempt, for a period ending on or before the date specified under clause (iii), the State agency from complying with the requirements of paragraph (2), if the State agency—
(A) In generalIn accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary, the Secretary shall pay 100 percent of the costs incurred by a State agency under this chapter for switching and settling interstate transactions—
(2) Requirements to accept benefitsA retail food store seeking to accept benefits from recipients of supplemental nutrition assistance through on-line transactions shall—
(C) clearly notify participating households at the time a food order is placed—
(B) Demonstration projectsTo be eligible to participate in a demonstration project under subparagraph (A), a retail food store shall submit to the Secretary for approval a plan that includes—
(5) Report to CongressThe Secretary shall—
(Pub. L. 88–525, § 7, Aug. 31, 1964, 78 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 91–671, § 5, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2050; Pub. L. 93–86, § 3(m), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 248; Pub. L. 93–125, § 1(k), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 94–339, § 2, July 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 799; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIII, § 1301, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 967; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIII, § 1312, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1285; Pub. L. 97–253, title I, §§ 162, 190(c)(2), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 778, 787; Pub. L. 99–198, title XV, §§ 1518, 1519, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1578; Pub. L. 100–435, title II, § 203(b), Sept. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1657; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVII, §§ 1728, 1729(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3788, 3789; Pub. L. 103–225, title I, § 102, Mar. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 107; Pub. L. 104–193, title VIII, § 825(a), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2324; Pub. L. 105–18, title VII, [(a)], June 12, 1997, 111 Stat. 216; Pub. L. 106–171, § 3, Feb. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 3; Pub. L. 107–171, title IV, § 4110, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 309; Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §§ 4001(b), 4002(a)(4), 4113–4115(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1092, 1093, 1103; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title IV, §§ 4001(b), 4002(a)(4), 4113–4115(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1853, 1854, 1864, 1865; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1075(b), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2074; Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, §§ 4002(b)–(d), 4010–4011(b)(2)(A), 4030(e), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 783, 784, 789–792, 814.)
2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–79, § 4011(b)(2)(A), substituted “purchase food from retail food stores” for “purchase food in retail food stores”.
Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 113–79, § 4002(b)(1), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Text read as follows: “The cost of documents or systems that may be required by this subsection may not be imposed upon a retail food store participating in the supplemental nutrition assistance program.”
Subsec. (f)(4), (5). Pub. L. 113–79, § 4002(b)(2), added pars. (4) and (5).
Subsec. (h)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 113–79, § 4002(c), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: “effective not later than 2 years after August 22, 1996, to the extent practicable, measures that permit a system to differentiate items of food that may be acquired with an allotment from items of food that may not be acquired with an allotment;”.
Subsec. (h)(3)(B). Pub. L. 113–79, § 4002(d), substituted “is operational at a sufficient number” for “is operational—
Subsec. (h)(8). Pub. L. 113–79, § 4010, substituted “of cards” for “card fee” in par. heading, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted subpar. heading, and added subpars. (B) to (D).
Subsec. (h)(12), (13). Pub. L. 113–79, § 4030(e), redesignated par. (12), relating to interchange fees, as (13).
Subsec. (h)(14). Pub. L. 113–79, § 4011(a), added par. (14).
Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 113–79, § 4011(b)(1), added subsec. (k).
2010—Subsec. (h)(10). Pub. L. 111–203 amended par. (10) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Disclosures, protections, responsibilities, and remedies established by the Federal Reserve Board under section 1693b of title 15 shall not apply to benefits under this chapter delivered through any electronic benefit transfer system.”
2008—Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(1), substituted “program benefits” for “coupons” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(1), inserted heading and substituted “Except as provided in subsection (i), EBT cards shall be” for “Coupons shall be printed under such arrangements and in such denominations as may be determined by the Secretary to be necessary, and (except as provided in subsection (j) of this section) shall be”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(2), inserted heading, substituted “Benefits” for “Coupons”, and struck out before period at end “: Provided further, That eligible households using coupons to purchase food may receive cash in change therefor so long as the cash received does not equal or exceed the value of the lowest coupon denomination issued”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(3), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading, substituted “EBT cards” for “Coupons”, struck out “and define their denomination” after “explain their purpose”, struck out at end “The name of any public official shall not appear on such coupons.”, and added par. (2).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(4), (12), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which related to determination and monitoring of coupon inventory levels and certified monthly report on issuer’s operations.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(12), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).
Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(5), substituted “benefits” for “coupons” in two places and “benefit issuers” for “coupon issuers” in two places.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(12), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (e).
Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(6), substituted “issuance of benefits” for “issuance of coupons”, “benefit issuers” for “coupon issuer”, and “authorizations for benefits” for “authorizations for coupons and allotments” and struck out “including any losses involving failure of a benefit issuers to comply with the requirements specified in section 2020(e)(20) of this title,” after “issuance of benefits”.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(12), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).
Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(7), added subsec. (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which related to issuance or delivery of food stamp coupons using alternative methods or issuance of other reusable documents in lieu of coupons by a State agency.
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(12), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g).
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(8), substituted “benefits” for “coupons”.
Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4113, added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “Any procedure established under paragraph (1) shall not reduce the allotment of any household and shall ensure that no household experiences an interval between issuances of more than 40 days. The procedure may include issuing a household’s benefits in more than one issuance.”
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(12), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (h).
Subsec. (i)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(a)(4)(A)(i), substituted “households receiving supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits” for “food stamp households”.
Subsec. (i)(7). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(a)(4)(A)(ii), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance issuance” for “food stamp issuance”.
Subsec. (i)(12). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(9), added par. (12) relating to interchange fees.
Pub. L. 110–246, § 4114, added par. (12) relating to recovering electronic benefits.
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(12), redesignated subsec. (k) as (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (i).
Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4001(b), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program” for “food stamp program”.
Subsec. (j)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(10)(A), substituted “issuing and redeeming benefits” for “printing, shipping, and redeeming coupons”.
Subsec. (j)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4001(b), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program” for “food stamp program”.
Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(10)(B), substituted “benefit” for “coupon”.
Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(12), redesignated subsec. (k) as (j).
Subsec. (k)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(11)(C), which directed amendment of subpar. (A) by substituting “subsection (h)(11)(A)” for “subsection (i)(11)(A)”, was executed by making the substitution in subpar. (A) of par. (1), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (k)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(11)(A), substituted “program benefits in the form of” for “coupons in the form of”.
Subsec. (k)(1)(C), (E). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(11)(B), substituted “program benefits in the form of” for “a coupon issued in the form of”.
Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(a)(11)(A), substituted “program benefits in the form of” for “coupons in the form of”.
Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(a)(4)(B)(i), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits” for “food stamp benefits”.
Subsec. (k)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(a)(4)(B)(ii), substituted “retail store” for “food stamp retail store”.
Subsec. (k)(5)(B)(ii), (C). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4001(b), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program” for “food stamp program” wherever appearing.
2002—Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 107–171 redesignated subpars. (B) to (I) as (A) to (H), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “determining the cost-effectiveness of the system to ensure that its operational cost, including the pro rata cost of capital expenditures and other reasonable startup costs, does not exceed the operational cost of issuance systems in use prior to the implementation of the electronic benefit transfer system;”.
2000—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 106–171 added subsec. (k).
1996—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104–193, § 825(a)(1), inserted subsec. heading.
Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 104–193, § 825(a)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows:
“(1)(A) Any State agency may, with the approval of the Secretary, implement an on-line electronic benefit transfer system in which household benefits determined under section 2017(a) of this title are issued from and stored in a central data bank and electronically accessed by household members at the point-of-sale.
Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 104–193, § 825(a)(2)(A), struck out “effective no later than April 1, 1992,” after “regulations” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (i)(2)(A). Pub. L. 104–193, § 825(a)(2)(B), struck out “, in any 1 year,” after “does not exceed” and “on-line” before “electronic benefit”.
Subsec. (i)(2)(D). Pub. L. 104–193, § 825(a)(2)(C), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: “system security;”.
Subsec. (i)(2)(I). Pub. L. 104–193, § 825(a)(2)(D)–(F), added subpar. (I).
Subsec. (i)(7) to (11). Pub. L. 104–193, § 825(a)(3), added pars. (7) to (11).
1994—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 103–225 inserted second sentence and struck out former second sentence which read as follows: “The State agency shall establish such a procedure for eligible households residing on reservations.”
1990—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1728, amended subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (h) read as follows: “The State agency may implement a procedure for staggering the issuance of coupons to eligible households throughout the entire month: Provided, That the procedure ensures that, in the transition period from other issuance procedures, no eligible household experiences an interval between coupon issuances of more than 40 days, either through regular issuances by the State agency or through supplemental issuances.”
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1729(a), added subsec. (i).
1988—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100–435 struck out par. (1) designation and par. (2) which read as follows: “For any eligible household that applies for participation in the food stamp program during the last fifteen days of a month and is issued benefits within that period, coupons shall be issued for the first full month of participation by the the [sic] eighth day of the first full month of participation.”
1985—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 99–198, § 1519, substituted “shall” for “may” in provisions preceding subpar. (A).
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 99–198, § 1518, added subsec. (h).
1982—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–253, § 190(c)(2), substituted reference to section 2020(e)(20) of this title for former reference to section 2020(e)(21) of this title.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–253, § 162, added subsec. (g).
1981—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–98 substituted “strictly liable” for “responsible” and inserted provision including any losses involving failure of a coupon issuer to comply with the requirements of section 2020(e)(21) of this title, except that in the case of losses resulting from the issuance and replacement of authorizations for coupons and allotments sent through the mail, State agency liability be to the extent prescribed in regulations.
1977—Pub. L. 95–113 substituted revised provisions relating to issuance and use of coupons for provisions relating to value of the coupon allotment which are now covered by section 2017 of this title.
1976—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–339 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added pars. (2) to (7).
1973—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–125 substituted “for households of a given size unless the increase in the face value” for “for value”.
1971—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–671 substituted provision for issuance of coupon allotment in such amount as the Secretary determines to be the cost of a nutritionally adequate diet, adjusted annually to reflect changes in prices of food published by Bureau of Labor Statistics for prior provision for issuance in such amount as will provide households with an opportunity more nearly to obtain a low-cost nutritionally adequate diet and inserted “any” before “households”.
Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, § 4011(c), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 793, provided that: “Nothing in this section [amending this section and section 2019 of this title] or an amendment made by this section alters any requirements of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) unless specifically authorized in this section or an amendment made by this section.”
Pub. L. 107–171, title IV, § 4111, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 309, as amended by Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(C), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1095, 1096; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(C), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858, provided that:
“(a)Definition of EBT System.—
In this section, the term ‘EBT system’ means an electronic benefit transfer system used in issuance of benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.).
“(b)Report.—Not later than October 1, 2003, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that—
describes the status of use by each State agency of EBT systems;
specifies the number of vendors that have entered into a contract for an EBT system with a State agency;
specifies the number of State agencies that have entered into an EBT-system contract with multiple EBT-system vendors; and
describes, for each State agency described in subparagraph (A), how responsibilities are divided among the various vendors;
provides an explanation of the reasons why an EBT system is not operational throughout the State;
describes how the reasons are being addressed; and
specifies the expected date of operation of an EBT system throughout the State;
the issues faced by any State agency that has awarded a second EBT-system contract in the 2-year period preceding the date of the report; and
the steps that the State agency has taken to address those issues;
the issues faced by any State agency that will award a second EBT-system contract within the 2-year period beginning on the date of the report; and
strategies that the State agency is considering to address those issues;
describes initiatives being considered or taken by the Department of Agriculture, food retailers, EBT-system vendors, and client advocates to address any outstanding issues with respect to EBT systems; and
access to EBT systems at farmers’ markets;
increased use of transaction data from EBT systems to identify and prosecute fraud; and
fostering of increased competition among EBT-system vendors to ensure cost containment and optimal service.”
Pub. L. 106–171, § 2, Feb. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 3, as amended by Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(A), (D), (2)(F), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1095–1097; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(A), (D), (2)(F), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858, provided that: “The purposes of this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 2011 of this title] are—
to protect the integrity of the supplemental nutrition assistance program;
to ensure cost-effective portability of supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits benefits [sic] across State borders without imposing additional administrative expenses for special equipment to address problems relating to the portability;
to enhance the flow of interstate commerce involving electronic transactions involving supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits benefits [sic] under a uniform national standard of interoperability and portability; and
to eliminate the inefficiencies resulting from a patchwork of State-administered systems and regulations established to carry out the supplemental nutrition assistance program.”
Pub. L. 106–171, § 4, Feb. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 6, as amended by Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(B), (D), (2)(F), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1096, 1097; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(B), (D), (2)(F), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858, provided that: “Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 11, 2000], the Secretary of Agriculture shall study and report to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on alternatives for handling interstate electronic benefit transactions involving supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits benefits [sic] provided under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), including the feasibility and desirability of a single hub for switching (as defined in section 7(k)(1) [now 7(j)(1)] of that Act [7 U.S.C. 2016(j)(1)] (as added by section 3)).”
Pub. L. 102–237, title IX, § 908(a)(1), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1886, as amended by Pub. L. 103–11, § 1, Apr. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 41; Pub. L. 103–205, § 1, Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2418, provided that no State agency be required to implement 7 U.S.C. 2016(h)(1), regarding staggering of issuance of food stamp coupons, until Mar. 15, 1994, and directed Secretary of Agriculture to issue final regulations requiring staggered issuance of coupons no later than Dec. 1, 1992, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–225, title I, § 104(a), Mar. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 107.
Pub. L. 94–4, Feb. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 6, provided that notwithstanding the provisions of 7 U.S.C. 2016(b), the charge imposed on any household for a coupon allotment under this chapter after Feb. 20, 1975, and prior to Dec. 30, 1975, could not exceed the charge that would have been imposed on such household for such coupon allotment under rules and regulations promulgated under this chapter and in effect on Jan. 1, 1975.