Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7909108?dq=6317900
Timestamp: 2017-09-22 13:52:09
Document Index: 47415988

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'arts 400', 'arts 400', 'arts 400']

Patent US7909108 - System and method for servicing a wellbore - Google Patents
A wellbore servicing system, comprising a plurality of sleeve systems disposed in a wellbore, each sleeve system comprising a seat and a dart configured to selectively seal against the seat to the exclusion of other seats, the seats each comprising an upper seat landing surface and the darts each comprising...http://www.google.com/patents/US7909108?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7909108 - System and method for servicing a wellbore
Publication number US7909108 B2
Application number US 12/418,506
Also published as CA2756176A1, CA2756176C, US20100252280, WO2010112810A2, WO2010112810A3
Publication number 12418506, 418506, US 7909108 B2, US 7909108B2, US-B2-7909108, US7909108 B2, US7909108B2
Inventors Loren C. Swor, Donald R. Smith, Robert P. Clayton, Alton L. Branch, Jeffrey A. Jordan
Patent Citations (39), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (49), Classifications (6), Legal Events (2)
US 7909108 B2
wherein the darts each comprise a dart landing surface that is configured to complement an upper seat landing surface of the seat to which the dart is configured to selectively seal against;
4. A wellbore servicing system, comprising:
a first sleeve system disposed in a wellbore, the first sleeve system, comprising a first seat landing surface;
a second sleeve system disposed in the wellbore and uphole of the first sleeve system, the second sleeve system comprising a second seat landing surface; and
a dart;
wherein the first seat landing surface and the second seat landing surface are each at least partially frusto-conical in shape;
wherein a first seat landing surface angle of the first seat landing surface is less than a second seat landing surface angle of the second seat landing surface;
wherein at least one of the first seat and the second seat are configured to sealing engage the dart; and p1 wherein the dart comprises a dart landing seat angle smaller than the second seat landing surface angle and wherein the dart landing seat angle is substantially the same as the first seat landing surface angle.
5. The wellbore servicing system according to claim 4, wherein the dart comprises a dart outer diameter smaller than a second seat passage diameter of the second seat and wherein the dart outer diameter is larger than a first seat passage diameter of the first seat.
6. The wellbore servicing system according to claim 4, wherein a minimum gap is provided between a second seat passage diameter and a dart outer diameter.
7. The wellbore servicing system according to claim 6, wherein the minimum gap is within a range of about 0.030 inches and about 0.090 inches.
8. The wellbore servicing system according to claim claim 4, wherein at least 8 seats are disposed in a work string comprising about a 4.5 inch casing.
9. A wellbore servicing system, comprising:
wherein each of the seat landing surfaces and each of the dart landing surfaces are at least partially substantially frusto-conical in shape; and
wherein a first seat comprises a smaller seat landing surface angle as compared to a seat landing surface angle of a second seat that is located uphole relative to the first seat.
10. The wellbore servicing system according to claim 9, wherein at least 8 seats are disposed in a work string comprising about a 4.5 inch casing.
11. The wellbore servicing system according to claim 9, wherein darts and seats that are configured to seal against each other are configured to comprise complementary dart landing surface angles and upper seal landing surface angles, respectively.
12. A method of servicing a wellbore, comprising:
wherein the first seat landing surface and second seat landing surface are at least partially frusto-conical in shape and wherein the first dart complements the first seat landing surface but does not complement the second seat landing surface; and
wherein a second seat landing surface angle of the second seat landing surface is greater than a first seat landing surface angle of the first seat landing surface.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first seat is coupled to a first sliding sleeve and the first sliding sleeve is shifted to an open position via contact of the first seat and the first dart, thereby revealing a plurality of ports in fluid communication with a surrounding formation; and further comprising: flowing a wellbore servicing fluid down the wellbore, through the plurality of ports, and into the surrounding formation, wherein the wellbore servicing fluid is a fracturing fluid and the surrounding formation is fractured.
16. The wellbore servicing system according to claim 1, wherein at least 8 seats are disposed in a work string comprising about a 4.5 inch casing.
17. The method according to claim 9, wherein at least 8 seats are disposed in a work string comprising about a 4.5 inch casing.
18. The wellbore servicing system according to claim 1, wherein a minimum gap is provided between a second seat passage diameter and a dart outer diameter.
19. The wellbore servicing system according to claim 18, wherein the minimum gap is within a range of about 0.030 inches and about 0.090 inches.
20. The method according to claim 9, wherein a minimum gap is provided between a second seat passage diameter and a dart outer diameter.
21. The wellbore servicing system according to claim 20, wherein the minimum gap is within a range of about 0.030 inches and about 0.090 inches.
The subterranean formation 102 comprises a deviated zone 150 associated with deviated wellbore portion 136. The subterranean formation 102 further comprises first, second, third, fourth, an fifth horizontal zones, 150 a, 150 b, 150 c, 150 d, 150 e, respectively, associated with the horizontal wellbore portion 118. In this embodiment, the zones 150, 150 a, 150 b, 150 c, 150 d, 150 e are offset from each other along the length of the wellbore 114 in the following order of increasingly downhole location: 150, 150 e, 150 d, 150 c, 150 b, and 150 a. In this embodiment, stimulation and production sleeve systems 200, 200 a, 200 b, 200 c, 200 d, and 200 e are located within wellbore 114 in the work string 112 and are associated with zones 150, 150 a, 150 b, 150 c, 150 d, and 150 e, respectively. It will be appreciated that zone isolation devices such as annular isolation devices (e.g., annular packers and/or swellpackers) may be selectively disposed within wellbore 114 in a manner that restricts fluid communication between spaces immediately uphole and downhole of each annular isolation device.
It will be appreciated that sleeve system 200 b is substantially similar in form and function to sleeve system 200. However, seat 300 b and dart 400 b each comprise differences from seat 300 and dart 400. Accordingly, this detailed discussion will not address every dimensional difference and/or similarity between shared features, but rather, will focus on some of the notable differences amongst the components. For ease of reference, features that are substantially similar between seat 300 and seat 300 b and dart 400 and dart 400 b are denoted with like numerical references but different alphabetical references. Most generally, seat 300 b comprises a smaller passage 310 b as compared to passage 310 and dart 400 b comprises a smaller central ring diameter 422 b as compared to central ring diameter 422. With reference to FIG. 1, it will be appreciated that dart 400 b is generally sufficiently smaller than dart 400 so that dart 400 b may be flowed entirely through seat 300 of sleeve system 200. However, dart 400 b is sized relative to seat 300 b so that dart 400 b cannot pass through seat 300 b. Instead, dart 400 b is sized to form a seal between dart landing seat 428 b and seat upper landing surface 308 b in a substantially similar manner as dart 400 seals against seat 300. The components of sleeve system 200 b are shown in greater detail FIGS. 13-23.
Seat 300 b is shown in FIGS. 13-15. A first difference between seat 300 b and seat 300 is that lower seat end 306 b is not a frusto-conical surface, but rather, is substantially flat an orthogonal to central axis 312 b. Further, lower seat end 306 b does not comprise tool notches, but rather, comprises tool holes 358 b that extend from the lower seat end 306 b substantially parallel to central axis 312 b. The tool holes 358 b each have a tool hole diameter 360 b and are disposed in a radial array about the central axis 312 b along a tool hole pattern diameter 362 b. Also, the exterior surface length 326 b is substantially longer than the exterior surface length 326. However, the interior surface length 322 b associated with the passage 310 b is substantially smaller in proportion to the exterior surface length 326 b as compared to the proportion between interior surface length 322 and exterior surface length 326. Further, the interior surface diameter 324 b is substantially less than the interior surface diameter 324. Also, the seat upper landing surface 308 b extends substantially longer along central axis 312 b as compared to the distance seat upper landing surface 308 extend along central axis 312. Still further, the seat upper landing surface angle 344 b is substantially less than the seat upper landing surface angle 344. Nonetheless, the exterior surface diameter 328 b is substantially similar to the exterior surface diameter 328, thereby encouraging interchangeability of seats within baffles 250 and, in some cases, eliminating the need for differently configured baffles 250 for use among the various seats, such as seats 300, 300 b.
Dart 400 b is shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. Like dart 400, dart 400 b is substantially symmetrical along the length of dart central axis 406 b and about dart bisection plane 408 b. Also like dart 400, dart 400 b comprises a dart body 402 b, two dart noses 404 b, and two dart centralizers 405 b. Dart 400 b is configured to interact with seat 300 b in a substantially similar manner as dart 400 interacts with seat 300. Dart length 532 b is less than the overall length of dart 400 and also comprises substantially smaller radial dimensions as compared to dart 400. It will be appreciated that dart 400 b is assembled in substantially the same manner as dart 400.
Dart body 402 b is shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. Dart body 402 b is substantially similar to dart body 402 in form and function. However, dart body 402 b is appropriately sized for interaction with seat 300 b rather than seat 300. More specifically, dart landing seat angle 434 b comprises a relatively more acute angle as compared to dart landing seat angle 434. Further, central ring diameter 422 b is substantially smaller than central ring diameter 422 so that dart body 402 b may pass through seat 300. However, central ring diameter 422 b is not so small as to be able to pass through seat 300 b.
Dart nose 404 b is shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. Dart nose 404 b comprises many substantial similarities with dart nose 404. However, dart nose 404 b does not comprise a dart nose transition such as dart nose transition 472, but rather, dart nose shelf 474 b directly abuts dart nose base 470 b. Further, dart nose tip 478 b comprises a substantially cylindrical portion extending from the rounded surface 500 b rather than being shaped substantially as a spherical section like dart nose tip 478. Still further, the radius of curvature of the rounded surface 500 b is substantially smaller than the radius of curvature of the rounded surface 500.
Dart centralizer 405 b is shown in FIGS. 22 and 23. Dart centralizer 405 b is substantially similar in form and function to dart centralizer 405. However, dart centralizer 405 b is appropriately sized, generally smaller, than dart centralizer 405.
It will be appreciated that sleeve system 200 a is substantially similar in form and function to sleeve system 200 b. However, seat 300 a and dart 400 a each comprise differences from seat 300 b and dart 400 b. Accordingly, this detailed discussion will not address every dimensional difference and/or similarity between shared features, but rather, will focus on some of the notable differences amongst the components. For ease of reference, features that are substantially similar between seat 300 b and seat 300 a and dart 400 b and dart 400 a are denoted with like numerical references but different alphabetical references. Most generally, seat 300 a comprises a smaller passage 310 a as compared to passage 310 b and dart 400 a comprises a smaller central ring diameter 422 a as compared to central ring diameter 422 b. With reference to FIG. 1, it will be appreciated that dart 400 a is generally sufficiently smaller than dart 400 b so that dart 400 a may be flowed entirely through seat 300 b of sleeve system 200 b. However, dart 400 a is sized relative to seat 300 a so that dart 400 a cannot pass through seat 300 a. Instead, dart 400 a is sized to form a seal between dart landing seat 428 a and seat upper landing surface 308 a in a substantially similar manner as dart 400 b seals against seat 300 b. The components of sleeve system 200 a are shown in greater detail FIGS. 24-34.
Seat 300 a is shown in FIGS. 24-26. A first difference between seat 300 a and seat 300 b is that the exterior surface length 326 a is longer than the exterior surface length 326 b. Further, the interior surface length 322 a associated with the passage 310 a is larger in proportion to the exterior surface length 326 a as compared to the proportion between interior surface length 322 b and exterior surface length 326 b. Still further, the interior surface diameter 324 a is less than the interior surface diameter 324 b. Also, the seat upper landing surface 308 b extends longer along central axis 312 a as compared to the distance seat upper landing surface 308 b extends along central axis 312 b. In addition, the seat upper landing surface angle 344 a is less than the seat upper landing surface angle 344 b. Nonetheless, the exterior surface diameter 328 a is substantially similar to the exterior surface diameter 328 b, thereby encouraging interchangeability of seats within baffles 250 and, in some cases, eliminating the need for differently configured baffles 250 for use among the various seats, such as seats 300 a, 300 b.
Dart 400 a is shown in FIGS. 27 and 28. Like dart 400 b, dart 400 a is substantially symmetrical along the length of dart central axis 406 a and about dart bisection plane 408 a. Also like dart 400 b, dart 400 a comprises a dart body 402 a, two dart noses 404 a, and two dart centralizers 405 a. Dart 400 a is configured to interact with seat 300 a in a substantially similar manner as dart 400 b interacts with seat 300 b. Dart length 532 a is less than the dart length 532 b and also generally comprises smaller radial dimensions as compared to dart 400 b. It will be appreciated that dart 400 a is assembled in substantially the same manner as dart 400 b.
Dart body 402 a is shown in FIGS. 29 and 30. Dart body 402 a is substantially similar to dart body 402 b in form and function. However, dart body 402 a is appropriately sized for interaction with seat 300 a rather than seat 300 b. More specifically, dart landing seat angle 434 a comprises a relatively more acute angle as compared to dart landing seat angle 434 b. Further, central ring diameter 422 a is smaller than central ring diameter 422 b so that dart body 402 a may pass through seat 300 b. However, central ring diameter 422 a is not so small as to be able to pass through seat 300 a. Further, unlike dart body 402 b, dart body 402 a does not comprise central shelves such as central shelves 420 b. Instead, dart landing seats 428 a directly abut central ring 418 a.
Dart nose 404 a is shown in FIGS. 31 and 32. Dart nose 404 a is substantially similar to dart nose 404 b. However, dart nose base diameter 480 a is smaller than dart nose base diameter 480 b. Further, the radius of curvature of the rounded surface 500 a is smaller than the radius of curvature of the rounded surface 500 b. Also, the countersink hole major diameter 510 a is smaller than the countersink hole major diameter 510 b.
Dart centralizer 405 a is shown in FIGS. 33 and 34. In this embodiment, dart centralizer 405 a identical to dart centralizer 405 b.
It will be appreciated that each of the above sleeve systems 200, 200 b, and 200 a are individually operated in substantially the same manner. Accordingly, the below is a description of operation of sleeve system 200 and substantially represents the individual operation of sleeve systems 200 a-200 e as well. Sleeve system 200 is initially disposed in the wellbore 114 in the above-described closed position where baffle 250 is retained relative to the ported case 208 by shear screws 248. As such, fluid communication between the sleeve flow bore 216 and a space immediately exterior to the ported case 208 via ports 244 is prevented. When such fluid communication is desired, the dart 400 of sleeve system 200 is sent downhole from a position located uphole of the ported case 208. The dart 400 eventually approaches the ported case 208. It will be appreciated that the longitudinal nature of the dart 400 shape aids in preventing flipping of the dart 400 within the work string 112, thereby ensuring that whichever dart nose 404 was placed in a downhole position relative to the other dart nose 404 of dart 400 predictably remains in the initial downhole position.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a method of servicing wellbore 114 using wellbore servicing system 100 is described. In some cases, wellbore servicing system 100 may be used to selectively treat selected ones of deviated zone 150, first, second, third, four, and fifth horizontal zones 150 a-150 e. More specifically, using the above-described method of operating the sleeve systems, any one of the zones 150, 150 a-150 e may be treated using the respective associated sleeve systems. For example, treatment of zones 150, 150 a, and 150 b without the need for any backflowing or other dart-seat removal processes. To accomplish such treatment, first, dart 400 a is sent downhole within the work string 112 until dart 400 a lands on seat 300 a, thereby enabling fluid communication via ports of sleeve system 200 a as described above. Once such fluid communication is established, fluids (e.g., a fracturing fluid comprising proppant) may be flowed through the work string 112 through sleeve system 200 a and into contact with zone 150 a in a desired manner, thereby treating zone 150 a (e.g., fracturing the zone and propping the fractures open). After treating zone 150 a, dart 400 b is sent downhole within the work string 112 until dart 400 b lands on seat 300 b, thereby enabling fluid communication via ports of sleeve system 200 b as described above. Once such fluid communication is established, fluids may be flowed through the work string 112 through sleeve system 200 b and into contact with zone 150 b in a desired manner, thereby treating zone 150 b. Next, if zones 150 c-150 e are not to be treated using sleeve systems 200 c-200 e, zone 150 may be treated by sending dart 400 downhole within the work string 112 until dart 400 lands on seat 300, thereby enabling fluid communication via ports 244 of sleeve system 200 as described above. Once such fluid communication is established, fluids may be flowed through the work string 112 through sleeve system 200 and into contact with zone 150 in a desired manner, thereby treating zone 150. After such treatment of zones 150, 150 a, and 150 b, each of the darts 400, 400 a, and 400 b may be removed from the corresponding seats 300, 300 a, and 300 b using a backflowing process or any other means of removal as described above. Once the seals between the darts 400, 400 a, and 400 b and the seats 300, 300 a, and 300 b have been overcome, in some embodiments, production fluids may pass uphole from zones 150, 150 a, and 150 b through the respective associated sleeve systems 200, 200 a, and 200 b. It will be appreciated that, in some cases, darts 400, 400 a, and 400 b may not be fully removed from the work string 112, but rather, remain captured below adjacent uphole sleeve systems. It will further be appreciated that using the teachings disclosed herein, other selected zones and/or all of the zones 150, 150 a-150 e may be treated before a need to remove a dart arises. More specifically, each zone 150, 150 a-150 e may be treated using above-described method by operating sleeve systems 200 a, 200 b, 200 c, 200 d, 200 e, and 200, beginning with the downhole-most located zone, 150 a, and subsequently treating zones 200 b, 200 c, 200 d, and 200 e in this listed order.
Example Sleeve Sleeve Sleeve
reference System System System
number Dimension Description 200 200b 200a
240 diameter of inner slide surface 4.625 4.625 4.625
266 diameter of inner surface of 3.83 3.83 3.83
320 tool notch depth 0.2 N/A N/A
322 interior surface length 1.47 1.04 1.16
324 interior surface diameter 3.34 1.18 1.06
326 exterior surface length 1.96 5.56 5.71
328 exterior surface diameter 3.8 3.78 3.78
332 chamfer angle 45° 45° 45°
338 lower seat end angle 45° N/A N/A
344 seat upper landing surface angle 45° 20° 15°
346 seat upper landing surface base 3.74 3.6 3.5
348 tool interface surface length 0.5 1.5 1.5
350 tool notch width 0.38 N/A N/A
352 tool notch bisection length 0.19 N/A N/A
360 tool hole diameter N/A 0.375 0.375
362 tool hole pattern diameter N/A 3 3
416 central disc length 1.01 0.75 0.74
422 central ring diameter 3.4 1.24 1.12
424 central shelf diameter 3.325 1.165 N/A
426 central shelf length 0.18 0.12 N/A
434 dart landing seat angle 45° 20° 15°
436 central ring length 0.58 0.31 0.3
440 central shelf chamfer angle 45° 45° N/A
442 body neck length 0.12 0.12 0.12
444 body neck diameter 1.31 0.48 0.38
448 body arm length 0.75 0.58 0.58
450 body arm minor diameter 1.31 0.48 0.38
456 body arm inner chamfer angle 45° 45° 45°
458 body arm outer chamfer angle 45° 45° 45°
460 dart body length 2.75 2.16 2.14
462 body arm major diameter 1.49 0.617 0.493
480 dart nose base diameter 3.28 1.12 1
486 nose transition angle 12° N/A N/A
488 dart nose base length 0.5 1.35 1.35
490 dart nose shelf diameter 2.62 0.75 0.75
492 dart nose shelf length 0.63 0.75 0.75
494 centralizer support diameter 2 0.625 0.625
496 centralizer support length 0.75 0.5 0.5
502 dart nose tip length 1.12 1 1
506 dart nose length 3.5 3.6 3.6
510 countersink major diameter 1.56 0.67 0.55
512 countersink angle 45° 45° 45°
516 threaded length 0.87 0.8 0.8
518 countersunk hole length 1 0.9 0.9
526 centralizer inner diameter 1.5 0.5 0.5
528 centralizer outer diameter 3.75 1.5 1.5
530 centralizer length 1 0.5 0.5
532 dart length 8.01 7.96 7.94
In some embodiments substantially similar to wellbore servicing system 100, component materials may be selected as follows. Seats 300, 300 b, and 300 a may be constructed of cast iron. Dart body 402 may be constructed of cast iron while dart bodies 402 b, 402 a may be constructed of High-Temperature Garolite (G-11 Epoxy Grade). Dart noses 404, 404 b, and 404 a may be constructed of High-Temperature Garolite (G-11 Epoxy Grade). Dart centralizers 405, 405 b, and 405 a may be constructed of foam.
Seat Passage Inside
Diameter (also Dart Outside Diameter
Order of increasing referred to as seat (also referred to as
uphole location within inside surface central ring diameter
wellbore diameter (in) (in)
1 1.06 1.12
2 1.18 1.24
3 1.3 1.36
4 1.42 1.48
5 1.54 1.6
6 1.66 1.72
7 1.78 1.84
8 1.9 1.96
9 2.02 2.08
10 2.14 2.2
11 2.26 2.32
12 2.38 2.44
13 2.5 2.56
14 2.62 2.68
15 2.74 2.8
16 2.86 2.92
17 2.98 3.04
18 3.1 3.16
19 3.22 3.28
20 3.34 3.4
Dart force Stress % increase of stress
landing (lbf) @ on dart on dart landing seat
Seat seat 7,500 psi landing seat surface (relative to the
passage surface (applied surface @ down force associated
diameter area uphole of 7500 psi with seat passage
(in) (in{circumflex over ( )}2) the dart) (lbf/in{circumflex over ( )}2) diameter of 1.06 inches)
1.06 0.108 8146 75674 0
1.18 0.119 9887 83169 10
1.3 0.130 11796 90665 20
1.42 0.141 13874 98162 30
1.54 0.153 16120 105660 40
1.66 0.164 18535 113157 50
1.78 0.175 21119 120655 59
1.9 0.186 23870 128153 69
2.02 0.197 26791 135652 79
2.14 0.209 29879 143150 89
2.26 0.220 33137 150649 99
2.38 0.231 36563 158148 109
2.5 0.242 40157 165647 119
2.62 0.254 43919 173146 129
2.74 0.265 47851 180645 139
2.86 0.276 51950 188144 149
2.98 0.287 56219 195643 159
3.1 0.299 60655 203143 168
3.22 0.310 65260 210642 178
3.34 0.321 70034 218141 188
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U.S. Classification 166/383
International Classification E21B23/08
Cooperative Classification E21B34/14, E21B43/14
European Classification E21B34/14, E21B43/14
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SWOR, LOREN C.;SMITH, DONALD R.;CLAYTON, ROBERT P.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20090407 TO 20090416;REEL/FRAME:022607/0861