Source: http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/4214.html
Timestamp: 2014-03-10 13:33:40
Document Index: 593858061

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 228', 'art 228', 'art 228', '§ 3', '§228', 'art 234', '§228', 'art 200', 'art 51', 'arts 63', 'art 23', 'arts 63', '§228', '§228', 'art 60', '§228', '§228', 'arts 63', 'art 51', 'art 202', 'art 60']

Subpart 228-1 Surface Coating Processes - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation
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Subpart 228-1 Surface Coating Processes
(Statutory authority: Environmental Conservation Law, §§ 3-0301, 19-0301, 19-0303)
[Filed 5/6/13. Effective 30 days after filing.]
228-1.1 Applicability and Exemptions.
228-1.2 Definitions
228-1.3 General requirements.
228-1.4 Requirements for controlling VOC emissions using compliant materials.
228-1.5 Requirements for controlling VOC emissions using add-on controls or coating systems.
228-1.6 Reports, sampling and analysis.
§228-1.1 Applicability and Exemptions.
(a) Applicability. Except as provided for in subdivision (b) of this section, every owner or operator of a facility containing a coating line must comply with the provisions of this Subpart. All facilities which start-up after the effective date of this regulation must be in compliance upon start-up. All other subject facilities must be in compliance by the effective date of this regulation; or submit a schedule and plan to the department within three months of the effective date of this regulation. The schedule and plan must describe in detail how the facility will implement the applicable requirements of this Subpart, and include a compliance schedule outlining the specific dates the implementation measures will be completed. This schedule and plan must be implemented and bring the facility into compliance within nine months of the effective date of the regulation.
(1) Table 1 identifies the coating lines subject to this Subpart based on their potential to emit (PTE) or actual emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), from all sources at the facility, regardless of process type, excluding combustion installations. The coating lines identified in table 1 must comply with the requirements set forth in this subpart, including any specific requirements applicable to the designated coating line class.
Table 1 - Applicability
Designation of Coating Line Class & Description of Coating Line
The following facilities, containing a corresponding coating line, are subject to this subpart:
Class A Coating Line:
Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing or Color Matched Coating Lines
(i) All facilities regardless of location or their actual or potential to emit volatile organic compounds.
Class B Coating Lines:
(1) Metal Furniture
(2) Large Appliance
(3) Flat Wood Paneling
(4) Miscellaneous Metal Parts
(5) Miscellaneous Plastic Parts
(6) Auto/Transportation and Business Machine Plastic Parts
(7) Marine pleasure craft surface
(8) Motor vehicle materials
(9) Automobile and Light Duty Truck Assembly
(i) All facilities located in the New York City metropolitan area, plus the Orange County towns of Blooming Grove, Chester, Highlands, Monroe, Tuxedo, Warwick, and Woodbury; and
(ii) Facilities not located in the above counties and towns with actual process emissions greater than or equal to 3 tons of VOC per year.
Class C Coating Line:
(ii) Facilities not located in the above counties and towns with PTE's greater than or equal to 25 tons of VOC per year.
Class D Coating Lines:
(ii) Facilities not located in the above counties and towns with PTE's greater than or equal to 10 tons of VOC per year.
Class E Coating Lines:
Tablet (pharmaceutical)
(ii) Facilities not located in the above counties and towns with PTE's greater than or equal to 50 tons of VOC per year.
(2) Coating lines not specifically listed in table 1 may also be subject to the requirements applicable to coating line classes A through E. The owner/operator of any "coating line" or "coating process" not specifically listed in table 1 of this section must contact the department's regional office, who will determine the applicable VOC control requirements of the coating process and the class of the coating line. The department's applicability determination will be based on a review of the facility, including but not limited to a review of any processes, emission sources, and/or products to be, or being, coated at the facility. For purposes of its review, the department may require a physical inspection of the facility.
(3) Any coating line that is or becomes subject to the provisions of this Subpart will remain subject to these provisions even if the annual potential to emit, or actual emissions of VOCs, for the facility later falls below the thresholds set forth in this Subdivision of this section.
(4) Coating lines not specifically identified in table 1 of paragraph (1) of this Subdivision or subject to class A through E requirements pursuant to paragraph (2) of this Subdivision need only comply with the 'General Requirements' provisions of section 228-1.3(a) through (d) of this Subpart, including opacity, recordkeeping, prohibition of sale, and handling, storage and disposal requirements.
(b) This Subpart does not apply to the following:
(1) coating lines used in research and development processes which produce a product for study rather than eventual sale;
(2) coating lines where coatings are applied manually (by hand or without the use of mechanical means) with a brush, roller, cloth or an aerosol spray can;
(3) coating lines which apply clear or translucent coatings to clear or translucent plastic substrates utilized in the manufacture of back-lighted outdoor signs;
(4) coating lines which apply clear and pearlescent coatings to plastic fashion items such as beads, buttons, buckles or other plastic accessories;
(5) coating lines used in the manufacture of optical lenses at a facility whose annual potential to emit VOCs is 10 tons or less;
(6) coating lines which apply reflective coatings to highway cones;
(7) coating lines which apply electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) coatings on plastic electronic equipment to provide shielding against electromagnetic interference, radio frequency interference, or static charge;
(8) coating lines which apply electric dissipating coatings used to rapidly dissipate a high voltage electric charge applied on plastic parts;
(9) facility wide use of up to 55 gallons of coatings (or up to 400 pounds of actual VOC usage) on a 12-month rolling total. This exemption is contingent on the owner or operator of the facility maintaining records of such surface coatings, and maintaining compliance with all requirements of section 228-1.3, 'General Requirements', of this Subpart. Mobile equipment repair and refinishing or color matched coating lines do not qualify for this exemption;
(10) mobile equipment repair and refinishing or color-matched coating lines where the person applying the coatings does not receive compensation;
(11) coating lines which use powder coatings;
(12) coating lines that are subject to Part 234 'Graphic Arts';
(13) mobile equipment repair and refinishing or color-matched coating lines where the facility:
(i) applies coatings using one or more of the techniques specified in section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart that minimize VOC emissions;
(ii) cleans spray guns using techniques specified in Section 228-1.3(d)(7) of this Subpart that minimize VOC emissions;
(iii) uses coatings that do not exceed the appropriate VOC content limits in table A of section 228-1.4(a)(2) of this Subpart;
(iv) uses appropriate emission control measures;
(v) applies coatings to work areas that do not exceed 9.0 square feet unless the coating is applied within an enclosure which prevents the uncontrolled release of air contaminants to the outside atmosphere and operates using appropriate emission control measures; and
(vi) uses a quantity of coatings and cleaning solvents on an annual basis that does not exceed 55 gallons (or 400 pounds of actual VOC usage, from coatings and cleaning solutions) on a 12-month rolling total. This exemption is contingent on the owner or operator of the facility maintaining records of the coatings and cleaning materials used, and maintaining compliance with all requirements of section 228-1.3, 'General Requirements', of this Subpart.
§228-1.2 Definitions
(a) To the extent that they do not conflict with the specific definitions in Subdivision (b) of this section, the general definitions of Part 200 of this Title apply.
(b) For the purposes of this Subpart, the following specific definitions apply:
(1) Aerospace coating. A material applied to an aerospace vehicle or component to form a decorative, protective, functional solid film or the solid film itself.
(2) Adhesion prime. A coating that is applied to a polyolefin part to promote the adhesion of a subsequent coating. An adhesion prime is clearly identified as an adhesion prime or adhesion promoter on its accompanying material safety data sheet.
(3) Air-dried. A coating that is cured at a temperature below 90°C (194°F).
(4) Adhesive. An adhesive, including glass bonding adhesive, used at an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, applied for the purpose of bonding two vehicle surfaces together without regard to the substrates involved.
(5) Airless spray. A spray coating method in which the coating is atomized by forcing it through a small nozzle opening at high pressure and which is not mixed with air before exiting from the nozzle opening.
(6) Antifoulant coating. Any coating registered with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a pesticide under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 United States Code Section 136) and applied to the underwater portion of a marine pleasure craft to prevent or reduce the attachment of biological organisms.
(7) Appropriate emission control measures. Actions taken to prevent a coating lines operation from emitting air contaminants to the outdoor atmosphere of such quantity, characteristic or duration which are injurious to human, plant or animal life or to property, or which unreasonably interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property. The actions taken may consist of mechanical measures (including but not limited to enclosures, exhaust stacks and filters) or operational procedures (including but not limited to controlling the work area, limiting the coating operations size and duration); or a combination of mechanical and operational measures.
(8) Automotive elastomeric coating. A coating designed for application over flexible mobile equipment surfaces and mobile equipment components, such as elastomeric bumpers.
(9) Automotive jambing clearcoat. A fast-drying, ready-to-spray clearcoat applied to surfaces such as door jambs and trunk and hood edges to allow for quick closure.
(10) Automotive lacquer. A thermoplastic coating applied directly to bare metal of mobile equipment surfaces and mobile equipment components which dries primarily by VOC solvent evaporation, and is re-soluble in its original VOC solvent.
(11) Automotive low-gloss coating. A coating which exhibits a gloss reading less than or equal to 25 on a 60 degree gloss-meter.
(12) Automotive multi-colored topcoat. A topcoat that exhibits more than one color, is packaged in a single container, and camouflages surface defects on areas of heavy use, such as cargo beds and other surfaces of trucks and other utility vehicles.
(13) Automotive pretreatment primer. A primer that contains a minimum of 0.5 percent acid, by weight, that is applied directly to bare metal surfaces of mobile equipment surfaces and mobile equipment components to provide corrosion resistance and to promote adhesion of subsequent coatings.
(14) Automotive primer-sealer. A coating applied to mobile equipment and mobile equipment components prior to the application of a topcoat for the purpose of providing corrosion resistance, promoting adhesion of subsequent coatings, promoting color uniformity, and promoting the ability of the undercoat to resist penetration by the topcoat.
(15) Automotive primer surfacer. A coating applied to mobile equipment and mobile equipment components prior to the application of topcoat for the purpose of filling surface imperfections in the substrate, providing corrosion resistance, or promoting adhesion of subsequent coatings.
(16) Automotive specialty coatings. Coatings including but not limited to: elastomeric coatings, adhesion promoters, low-gloss coatings, bright metal trim repair coatings, jambing clearcoats, impact resistant coatings, rubberized asphaltic underbody coatings, uniform finish blenders, and weld through primers applied to automotive surfaces; and automotive lacquer topcoats applied to a classic motor vehicle or motor vehicle components.
(17) Automotive topcoat. A coating or series of coatings applied over an automotive primer surfacer, automotive primer-sealer or existing finish on mobile equipment and mobile equipment components for the purpose of protection and/or beautification.
(18) Automotive touch-up repair. The application of automotive topcoat finish materials to cover minor finishing imperfections no greater than one inch in diameter.
(19) Baked coating. A coating that is cured at a temperature at or above 90°C (194°F).
(20) Bedliner. A multi-component coating, applied to a cargo bed after the application of a topcoat to provide additional durability and chip resistance.
(21) Black coating. A coating which meets both of the following criteria:
(i) Maximum lightness: 23 units.
(ii) Saturation: less than 2.8, where saturation equals the square root of A2 + B2.
These criteria are based on Cielab color space, 0/45 geometry. For spherical geometry, specular included, maximum lightness is 33 units.
(22) Building enclosure. A building, housing a process that meets the requirements of a temporary total enclosure. Method 204E of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M, must be used to identify all emission points from the building enclosure and to determine which emission points must be tested as set forth in the EPA guidance document entitled 'Guidelines for Determining Capture Efficiency' (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title).
(23) Business machine. A device that uses electronic or mechanical methods to process information, perform calculations, print or copy information or convert sound into electrical impulses for transmission, including devices listed in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) numbers 3572, 3573, 3574, 3579, and 3661 as well as photocopy machines, which is a subcategory of SIC number 3861 (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title).
(24) Camouflage coating. A coating used, principally by the military, to conceal equipment from detection.
(25) Capture efficiency (CE). The fraction of all VOC vapors generated by a coating line that is directed to a control device.
(26) Capture system. All the equipment including, but not limited to: hoods, ducts, fans, booths, ovens, or dryers that contain, collect, and transport an air pollutant to a control device.
(27) Certification. Documentation furnished for coatings and adhesives as applied using EPA Method 311 or 24 as presented in Appendices A of both 40 CFR parts 63 and 60, respectively (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title), manufacturer's formulation data, or an alternative method approved by the administrator and the department. If there are any inconsistencies between the results of an EPA reference method test and any other means of determining the VOC content of a coating, then the results of an EPA reference method test will govern.
(28) Classic motor vehicle. A motor vehicle that is more than 25 years old; or a motor vehicle which the Commissioner of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicle determines, has historical, classical or exhibition value, qualifying it for a historical registration pursuant to 15 NYCRR Part 23.
(29) Cavity wax. A coating applied into the cavities of automobiles or light-duty trucks and motor vehicles primarily for the purpose of enhancing corrosion protection.
(30) Clear coating. A coating which lacks color and opacity or is transparent and uses the undercoat as a reflectant base.
(31) Clear topcoat. A final coating which contains binders but not opaque pigments and which is specifically formulated to form a transparent or translucent solid protective film on wood furniture.
(32) Clear wood finish. A clear and semi-transparent topcoat applied to wood substrates of a pleasure craft to provide a transparent or translucent film.
(33) Coating Category. Identifies a particular coating type based on its intended purpose within a coating line or the coating of a product; such as topcoats, clear coats, sealers, adhesives etc.
(34) Coating or surface coating. A material applied onto or impregnated into a substrate for protective, decorative, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not limited to: paints, varnishes, primers, sealers, adhesives, inks and maskants.
(35) Coating line. The application of one or more surface coatings, using one or more applicators, together with any associated drying or curing areas. A single coating line ends after drying or curing and before other surface coatings are applied. For any web coating line this term means an entire coating application system, including any associated drying ovens or areas located between an unwind station and rewind station, that is used to apply surface coatings onto a continuous strip or web.
(36) Coating system. A means of complying with VOC emission requirements by use of one or more surface coatings applied sequentially at the same coating line; which may also include the use of other control equipment.
(37) Coating process. One or more coating lines and includes any methods of controlling VOC emissions and any operations in between coating lines.
(38) Color-matched coating. A coating which is applied over a manufacturer's coating in order to, but not limited to, match colors, add designs or logos to mobile equipment and/or mobile equipment components of a company's mobile vehicle fleet.
(39) Container. Any portable device in which a material is stored, transported, or otherwise handled.
(40) Curtain coating. The application of a coating to an object by moving the object through a falling curtain of coating.
(41) Data quality objective approach. A set of approval criteria that must be met so that data from an alternative test method can be used in determining the Capture Efficiency (CE) of a control system as set forth in the EPA guidance document entitled 'Guidelines for Determining Capture Efficiency' (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title).
(42) Deadener. A coating, used on automobile, light duty trucks or motor vehicles, applied to selected vehicle surfaces primarily for the purpose of reducing the sound of road noise in the passenger compartment
(43) Dip coating. The application of a coating by immersing an object into the coating.
(44) Drum. Any cylindrical metal shipping container that is larger than 12 gallons capacity but no larger than 110 gallons capacity.
(45) Electric dissipating coating. A coating that rapidly dissipates a high voltage electric charge.
(46) Electric-insulating varnish. A non-convertible-type coating applied to electric motors, components of electric motors, or power transformers, to provide electrical, mechanical, and environmental protection or resistance.
(47) Electro deposition primer. A process of applying a protective, corrosion-resistant primer on exterior and interior surfaces that provides thorough coverage of recessed areas. It is a dip coating method that uses an electrical field to apply or deposit the conductive coating onto the part. The object being painted acts as an electrode that is oppositely charged from the particles of paint in the dip tank; also referred to as E-Coat, Uni-Prime, and ELPO Primer.
(48) Electrostatic prep coat. A coating that is applied to a plastic part solely to provide conductivity for the subsequent application of a prime, a topcoat, or other coating through the use of electrostatic application methods. An electrostatic prep coat shall be clearly identified as an electrostatic prep coat on its accompanying material safety data sheet.
(49) EMI/RFI shielding. A coating used on electrical or electronic equipment to provide shielding against electromagnetic interference, radio frequency interference, or static discharge.
(50) Etching filler. Is a coating that contains less than 23 percent solids by weight and at least 1/2-percent acid by weight, and is used instead of applying a pretreatment coating followed by a primer.
(51) Excluded compounds. Any of the compounds expressly excluded from the definition of volatile organic compounds in section 200.1 of this Title.
(52) Exterior siding. This is flat wood paneling which may be made of solid wood, hardboard, or wafer board. Siding made of solid wood and hardboard is typically primed at the manufacturing facility and finished in the field, although some finishing may be performed during manufacturing on a limited basis.
(53) Extreme high-gloss coating. Is defined based on specific coating processes as follows:
(i) for miscellaneous metal parts, "miscellaneous plastic parts, large appliance, and metal furniture", a coating which shows at least 75 percent reflectance on a 60° meter; or
(ii) for "pleasure craft surface coatings", a coating which shows at least 95 percent reflectance on a 60° meter.
(54) Extreme-performance coating. A coating used on a metal or plastic surface formulated for and exposed to harsh environmental conditions, including but not limited to:
(i) chronic exposure to corrosive, caustic or acidic agents, chemicals, chemical fumes, chemical mixtures or solutions; or
(ii) repeated exposure to temperatures in excess of 121°C (250°F); or
(iii) repeated heavy abrasion, including mechanical wear and repeated scrubbing with industrial grade solvents, cleansers or scouring agents. Extreme performance coatings include, but are not limited to, coatings applied to locomotives, railroad cars, farm machinery, and heavy duty trucks.
(55) Final repair (automobile and light-duty truck assembly). The operations performed and coating(s) applied to completely assembled motor vehicles or to parts that are not yet on a completely assembled vehicle to correct damage or imperfections in the coating. The curing of the coatings applied in these operations is accomplished at a lower temperature than that used for curing primer-surfacer and topcoat.
(56) Finish primer/surface. A coating applied with a wet film thickness of less than 10 millimeters prior to the application of a topcoat for purposes of providing corrosion resistance, adhesion of subsequent coatings, a moisture barrier, or promotion of a uniform surface necessary for filling in surface imperfections.
(57) Flexible coating. Any coating that is required to comply with engineering specifications for impact resistance, mandrel bend, or elongation as defined by the original equipment manufacturer.
(58) Flow coating. The application of a coating by flowing the coating over an object and completely covering the surface.
(59) Fog coat. A coating that is applied to a plastic part for the purpose of color matching without masking a molded-in texture. A fog coat shall not be applied at a thickness of more than 0.5 millimeters of coating solids.
(60) Gasket/gasket sealing material. Is defined based on specific coating processes as follows:
(i) For "automobile or light-duty truck assembly gasket/gasket sealing material", a fluid, used at a coating facility, applied to coat a gasket or replace and perform the same function as a gasket. Automobile and light-duty truck gasket/gasket sealing material includes room temperature vulcanization (RTV) seal material.
(ii) For "motor vehicle gasket/gasket sealing material", a fluid, used at a facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, applied to coat a gasket or replace and perform the same function as a gasket.
(61) General, multi-component coating. A coating requiring the addition of a separate reactive resin, commonly known as a catalyst or hardener, before application to form an acceptable dry film. It applies to any coating used in a specified coating line which is not otherwise identified by another coating category.
(62) General, one-component coating. A coating that is ready for application as it comes out of its container to form an acceptable dry film. A thinner, necessary to reduce the viscosity, is not considered a component. It applies to any coating used in a specified coating line which is not otherwise identified by another coating category.
(63) Glass bonding primer. A primer, used at a coating facility, applied to windshield or other glass, or to body openings, to prepare the glass or body opening for the application of glass bonding adhesives or the installation of adhesive bonded glass. Automobile and light-duty truck glass bonding primer includes glass bonding/cleaning primers that perform both functions (cleaning and priming of the windshield or other glass, or body openings) prior to the application of adhesive or the installation of adhesive bonded glass.
(64) Gloss reducer. A coating that is applied to a plastic part solely to reduce the shine of the part. A gloss reducer shall not be applied at a thickness of more than 0.5 millimeters of coating solids.
(65) Heat-resistant coating. A coating that must withstand a temperature of at least 204°C (400°F) during normal use.
(66) High build primer surface. A coating applied with a wet film thickness of 10 millimeters or more prior to the application of a topcoat for purposes of providing corrosion resistance, adhesion of subsequent coatings, or a moisture barrier, or promoting a uniform surface necessary for filling in surface imperfections.
(67) High Bake. A coating which is designed to cure only at temperatures of more than 90°C (194°F).
(68) High gloss coating. Any coating which achieves at least 85 percent reflectance on a 60° meter.
(69) High volume low pressure spray. A coating application method by means of a spray gun which operates between 0.1 and 10.0 pounds per square inch gauge air cap pressure.
(70) In-line repair. The operation performed and coating(s) applied to correct damage or imperfections in the topcoat on parts that are not yet on a completely assembled vehicle. The curing of the coatings applied in these operations is accomplished at essentially the same temperature as that used for curing the previously applied topcoat. It is also referred to as high bake repair or high bake reprocess. In-line repair is considered part of the topcoat operation.
(71) Large appliance. Any surface-coated metal range, oven, microwave oven, refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater, or trash compactor manufactured for household, commercial, or recreational use; including any parts thereof.
(72) Lower confidence limit approach. A set of approval criteria that must be met so that data from an alternative test method can be used in determining the capture efficiency of a control system as set forth in the EPA guidance document entitled 'Guidelines for Determining Capture Efficiency' (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title).
(73) Lubricating wax/compound. A protective lubricating material, applied to vehicle hubs and hinges.
(74) Manufacturer's formulation data. Data on a material (such as a coating) that are supplied by the material manufacturer based on knowledge of the ingredients used to manufacture that material, rather than based on an EPA reference test method. Manufacturer's formulation data may include but are not limited to: information on density, VOC content, and coating solids content.
(75) Marine pleasure craft. Vessels which are manufactured or operated primarily for recreational purposes, or leased, rented, or chartered to a person or business for recreational purposes. The owner or operator of such vessels shall be responsible for certifying that the intended use is for recreational purposes.
(76) Marine pleasure craft coating. Any marine coating, except unsaturated polyester resin (fiberglass) coatings, applied by brush, spray, roller, or other means to a pleasure craft.
(77) Mask coating. A thin film coating applied through a template to coat a small portion of a substrate.
(78) Metal furniture coating. One or more coatings applied to the surfaces of furniture or components of furniture constructed either entirely or partially from metal. Metal furniture includes, but is not limited to, the following types of products: household, office, institutional, laboratory, hospital, public building, restaurant, barber and beauty shop, and dental furniture; including their components. Metal furniture also includes office and store fixtures, partitions, shelving, lockers, lamps and lighting fixtures, and wastebaskets.
(79) Metallic coating (miscellaneous metal parts, miscellaneous plastic parts, large appliance, and metal furniture). A coating which contains more than five grams of metal particles per liter of coating as applied. Metal particles are pieces of a pure elemental metal or a combination of elemental metals.
(80) Military specification coating. A coating which has a formulation approved by a United States Military Agency, for use on military equipment.
(81) Mobile equipment. Equipment which may be driven, or is capable of being driven on a roadway, including but not limited to:
(i) passenger cars, vans, sport utility vehicles;
(ii) trucks, truck cabs, truck bodies and truck trailers;
(iii) buses;
(iv) motorcycles;
(v) utility bodies;
(vi) camper shells;
(vii) mobile cranes;
(viii) bulldozers;
(ix) street cleaners;
(x) golf carts;
(xi) ground support vehicles, used in support of aircraft activities at airports; and
(82) Mold seal coating. The initial coating applied to a new mold or a repaired mold to provide a smooth surface which, when coated with a mold release coating, prevents products from sticking to the mold.
(83) Motor vehicle adhesive. An adhesive, including glass bonding adhesive, used at a facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, applied for the purpose of bonding two vehicle surfaces together without regard to the substrates involved.
(84) Motor vehicle glass bonding primer. A primer used at a facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility; applied to windshield or other glass, or to body openings, to prepare the glass or body opening for the application of glass bonding adhesives or the installation of adhesive bonded glass. It includes, cleaning primers that perform both functions (cleaning and priming of the windshield or other glass, or body openings) prior to the application of adhesive or the installation of adhesive bonded glass.
(85) Motor vehicle weatherstrip adhesive. An adhesive used at a facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, applied to weatherstripping materials for the purpose of bonding the weatherstrip material to the surface of the vehicle.
(86) Multi-colored coating. A coating which exhibits more than one color when applied, and which means packaged in a single container and applied in a single coat.
(87) Multi-component coating. A coating requiring the addition of a separate reactive resin, commonly known as a catalyst or hardener, before application to form an acceptable dry film.
(88) Natural finish hardwood plywood panels. Panels whose original grain pattern, frequently supplemented by fillers or toners, is enhanced by transparent finishes.
(89) Opaque Stain. Any stain that contains pigments, not classified as a semitransparent stain, including stains, glazes, and other opaque materials applied to wood surfaces.
(90) Optical coating. A coating applied to an optical lens.
(91) Overall removal efficiency. The total reduction of volatile organic compound emissions attributable to the use of both the capture system and the control equipment.
(92) Pan-backing coating. A coating applied to the surface of pots, pans, or other cooking implements that are exposed directly to a flame or other heating elements.
(93) Permanent total enclosure. An enclosure that meets the requirements of 40 CFR 63.805(e)(1)(i) through (iv) (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title).
(94) Pigmented coat. Opaque coatings, applied either as an undercoat or a topcoat that contain binders and colored pigments and are formulated to conceal the wood surface.
(95) Plastic parts. Parts made from a substance that has been formed from a resin through the application of heat, pressure or both. These include but are not limited to: thermoplastics and thermosets such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, acrylic, cellulosics, nylon, polycarbonatevinyls, xenoy, melamines, polyester (BMC), reaction injection molding, and polyurethanes. These also include composites such as fiberglass-reinforced plastics, which are comprised of thermosetting or thermoplastic resins and fibers, filaments, or fine powders.
(96) Powder coating. Any coating applied as dry finely divided solid (without solvent or other carrier) which, when melted or fused, adheres to the substrate as a paint film.
(97) Pretreatment wash primer. A coating which contains no more than 12 percent solids, by weight, and at least 1/2 percent acids, by weight; is used to provide surface etching; and is applied directly to fiberglass and metal surfaces to provide corrosion resistance and adhesion of subsequent coatings.
(98) Pretreatment coating. A coating which contains no more than 12 percent solids, by weight, and at least 1/2 percent acid, by weight; is used to provide surface etching, and is applied directly to metal surfaces to provide corrosion resistance, adhesion, and ease of stripping.
(99) Printed interior panels. Panels whose grain or natural surface is obscured by fillers and basecoats upon which a simulated grain or decorative pattern is printed.
(100) Primer-surfacer. An intermediate protective coating applied over the electro deposition primer and under the topcoat. Primer-surfacer may also be called guide coat or surfacer. Primer-surfacer operations may include other coatings including, but not limited to: anti-chip, lower-body anti-chip, chip resistant edge primer, spot primer, blackout, deadener, interior color, and basecoat replacement coating; that is (are) applied in the same spray booths.
(101) Red Coating. A coating which meets all of the following criteria:
(i) yellow limit: the hue of hostaperm scarlet.
(ii) blue limit: the hue of monastral red-violet.
(iii) lightness limit for metallics: 35 percent aluminum flake.
(iv) lightness limit for solids: 50 percent titanium dioxide white.
(v) solid reds: hue angle of -11 to 38 degrees and maximum lightness of 23 to 45 units.
(vi) metallic reds: hue angle of -16 to 35 degrees and maximum lightness of 28 to 45 units.
These criteria are based on Cielab color space, 0/45 geometry. For spherical geometry, specular included, the upper limit is 49 units.
(102) Repair coating. A coating used to re-coat portions of a previously coated product which has sustained mechanical damage to the coating following normal coating operations.
(103) Resist coating. A coating that is applied to a plastic part before metallic plating to prevent deposits of metal on portions of the plastic part.
(104) Sealer. Is defined based on specific coating processes as follows:
(i) Automobile and light-duty truck assembly sealer. A high viscosity material, used at an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, generally, but not always, applied in the paint shop after the body has received an electrodeposition primer coating and before the application of subsequent coatings (e.g., primer-surfacer). The primary purpose of automobile and light-duty truck sealer is to fill body joints completely so that there is no intrusion of water, gases or corrosive materials into the passenger area of the body compartment. Such materials are also referred to as sealant, sealant primer, or caulk; or
(ii) Motor vehicle sealer. A high viscosity material, used at a facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, generally, but not always, applied after the body has received an electrodeposition primer coating and before the application of subsequent coatings (e.g., primer-surfacer). The primary purpose of the sealer is to fill body joints completely so that there is no intrusion of water, gases or corrosive materials into the passenger area of the body compartment. Such materials are also referred to as sealant, sealant primer, or caulk.
(iii) Wood finishing sealer. A coating which contains binders that seal a wood surface prior to application of a subsequent coating.
(105) Semi-transparent stain. Stains that contain dyes and/or semi-transparent pigments and are formulated to enhance wood grain and to change the color of the surface, but not to conceal it. Semi-transparent stains include but are not limited to sap stain, toner, non-grain raising stain, pad stain, spatter stain, and other semi-transparent stains.
(106) Shock-free coating. A coating applied to electrical components to protect the user from electric shock. The coating has characteristics of being of low capacitance and high resistance, and having resistance to breaking down under high voltage.
(107) Silicone-release coating. Any coating which contains silicone resin and is intended to prevent food from sticking to metal surfaces such as baking pans.
(108) Solar-absorbant coating. A coating which has as its prime purpose the absorption of solar radiation.
(109) Solids as applied. The part of the coating which remains after the coating is dried or cured. Solids content is determined using Method 311 or Method 24 as presented in Appendix A of both 40 CFR parts 63 and 60, respectively (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title), manufacturer's formulation data, or an alternative method approved by the administrator and the department. If there are any inconsistencies between the results of an EPA reference method test and any other means of determining the VOC content of a coating, then the EPA reference method test results will govern.
(110) Solids turnover ratio (R). The ratio of total volume of coating solids that is added to the electrodeposition primer (EDP) system in a calendar month divided by the total volume design capacity of the EDP system.
(111) Solvent. A substance that is liquid at standard conditions and is used to dissolve or dilute another substance; this term includes but is not limited to: organic materials used as dissolvers, viscosity reducers, degreasing agents, or cleaning agents. Any excluded compound is not a solvent.
(112) Stencil coating. Is defined based on coating process as follows:
(i) For miscellaneous metal and plastic parts stencil coating, an ink or pigmented coating which is rolled or brushed onto a template or stamp; in order to add identifying letters, symbols and/or numbers.
(ii) For automotive/transportation and business machine plastic parts surfaces stencil coating, a coating that is applied over a stencil to a plastic part at a thickness of one millimeter or less of coating solids.
(113) Substrate. The surface onto which a coating is applied, or into which a coating is impregnated.
(114) Temporary total enclosure. An enclosure that is not permanent; is constructed only to measure the capture efficiency of pollutants emitted from a given source; and meets the requirements of 40 CFR 63.805(e)(1)(i) through (iv) (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title).
(115) Texture coat. A coating that is applied to a plastic part which, in its finished form, consists of discrete raised spots of the coating.
(116) Tile-board. A premium interior wall flat wood paneling product made of hardboard that is used in high moisture areas of the home such as kitchens and bathrooms. Specifically, tile-board meets the specifications for Class I hardboard as approved by the American National Standards Institute.
(117) Topcoat. Is defined based on coating process as follows:
(i) for automobile or light-duty truck assembly topcoat, the final coating system applied to provide the final color and/or a protective finish. The topcoat may be a monocoat color or basecoat/clearcoat system. In-line repair and two-tone are parts of topcoat. Topcoat operations may include other coating(s) (e.g., blackout, interior color, etc.) that is (are) applied in the same spray booth(s);
(ii) for pleasure craft surface coating topcoat, any final coating applied to the interior or exterior of a pleasure craft.
(iii) for wood finishing topcoat, any final coating applied to a wood or wood coated substrate.
(118) Touch-up coating. A coating used to cover minor coating imperfections appearing after the main coating operation.
(119) Translucent coating. A coating which contains binders and pigment, and is formulated to form a colored, but not opaque, film.
(120) Trunk interior coating. Is defined based on specific coating processes as follows:
(i) for automobile or light-duty truck assembly trunk interior coating, a coating, used at a coating facility outside of the primer-surfacer and topcoat operations, applied to the trunk interior to provide chip protection.
(ii) for motor vehicle truck interior coating, a coating, used at a facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, applied to the trunk interior to provide chip protection.
(121) Two-component coating. A coating requiring the addition of a separate reactive resin, commonly known as a catalyst, before application to form an acceptable dry film.
(122) Underbody coating. A coating, applied to the undercarriage or firewall to prevent corrosion and/or provide chip protection.
(123) Vacuum-metalized coating (miscellaneous metal and plastic parts). The undercoat applied to the substrate on which the metal is deposited or the overcoat applied directly to the metal film. Vacuum metalizing/physical vapor deposition (PVD) is the process whereby metal is vaporized and deposited on a substrate in a vacuum chamber.
(124) Vacuum-metalized coating. Topcoats and basecoats that are used in the vacuum-metalizing process.
(125) VOC content limits. The permissible weight of VOC per volume of coating minus water and excluded compounds at application as specified in the tables of section 228-1.4 of this Subpart. The actual VOC content of the as applied coating is calculated as follows:
(VOC)a is the VOC content of a coating, as applied, expressed as weight of VOC per volume of coating minus water and excluded compounds (keeping units consistent).
(Wv)a is the weight of total volatiles per volume of an as applied coating.
(Ww)a is the weight of water per volume of an as applied coating.
(Vw)a is the volume of water per volume of an as applied coating.
(We)a is the weight of excluded compounds per volume of an as applied coating.
(Ve)a is the volume of excluded compounds per volume of an as applied coating.
(126) Wash coat. A coating which contains binders that raise wood surfaces, prevent undesired staining, and control penetration.
(127) Weatherstrip adhesive. An adhesive, used at an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, applied to weatherstripping materials for the purpose of bonding it to the surface of a vehicle.
(128) Wood finishing. Consists of the application of one or more coatings, colored or clear (including but not limited to: stains, toners, wash-coats, sealers, and topcoats), to wood products.
§228-1.3 General requirements.
Any facility operating a coating line subject to this Subpart must comply with the following general requirements as specified.
(1) No person shall cause or allow emissions to the outdoor atmosphere having an average opacity of 20 percent or greater for any consecutive six-minute period from any emission source subject to this Subpart.
(1) Except as provided for in paragraph (2) of this subdivision, the owner or operator of any emission source subject to this Subpart must maintain and, upon request, provide the department with a certification from the coating supplier/manufacturer which lists the parameters used to determine the actual VOC content of each as applied coating used at the facility. In addition, purchase, usage and/or production records of the coating material, including solvents, must be maintained in a format acceptable to the department and, upon request, these records must be submitted to the department within 90 days of receiving the request. Any facility required to perform the overall removal efficiency calculation set forth in Equation 2 of section 228-1.5(c) of this Subpart, must maintain records to verify the parameters used in the calculation. A facility owner or operator must maintain a record that identifies each air cleaning device that has an overall removal efficiency of at least 90 percent. Any additional information required to determine compliance with this Part must be provided to the department in a format acceptable to the department. All records required by this paragraph must be maintained at the facility for a period of five years.
(2) Owners and operators of emission sources not subject to this Subpart as set forth in section 228-1.1(b)(9) or (13) of this Subpart, or those sources that are using coatings not subject to specific requirements of this Subpart as set forth in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, or section 228-1.4(b)(5)(iii)(e), (i) or (iv) of this Subpart, must maintain records on an as used basis. The records must include the relevant regulatory citation of each exemption and quantity of coating used. If the exemption criteria are based on VOC usage, the records must contain calculations and supplier/manufacturer material data sheets for verification of VOC usage. All records required by this paragraph must be maintained at the facility for a period of five years.
(c) Prohibition of sale or specification.
(1) No person shall sell, supply, offer for sale, solicit, use, specify, or require for use, the application of a coating on a part or product at a facility with a coating line described in section 228-1.1(a) of this Subpart if such sale, specification, or use is prohibited by any of the provisions of this Subpart. The prohibition shall apply to all written or oral contracts under the terms of which any coating is to be applied to any part or product at an affected facility. This prohibition shall not apply to the following:
(i) coatings utilized at surface coating lines where control equipment has been installed to meet the maximum permitted VOC content limitations specified in the tables of section 228-1.4 of this Subpart;
(ii) coatings utilized at surface coating lines where a coating system is used which meets the requirements specified in section 228-1.5(d) of this Subpart; and
(iii) coatings utilized at surface coating lines that have been granted variances pursuant to section 228-1.5(e) of this Subpart.
(2) Any person selling a coating for use in a coating line subject to this Part must, upon request, provide the user with certification of the VOC content of the coating supplied.
(d) Handling, storage and disposal of volatile organic compounds.
Within the work area(s) associated with a coating line, the owner or operator of a facility subject to this Subpart must:
(1) use closed, non-leaking containers to store or dispose of cloth or other absorbent applicators impregnated with VOC solvents that are used for surface preparation, cleanup or coating removal;
(2) store in closed, non-leaking containers spent or fresh VOC solvents to be used for surface preparation, cleanup or coating removal;
(3) not use VOC solvents to cleanup spray equipment unless equipment is used to collect the cleaning compounds and to minimize VOC evaporation;
(4) not use open containers to store or dispense surface coatings and/or inks unless production, sampling, maintenance or inspection procedures require operational access. This provision does not apply to the actual device or equipment designed for the purpose of applying a coating material to a substrate. These devices may include, but are not limited to: spray guns, flow coaters, dip tanks, rollers, knife coaters, and extrusion coaters;
(5) not use open containers to store or dispose of spent surface coatings, or spent VOC solvents;
(6) minimize spills during the handling and transfer of coatings and VOC solvents; and
(7) clean hand held spray guns by one of the following:
(i) an enclosed spray gun cleaning system that is kept closed when not in use;
(ii) non-atomized discharge of VOC solvent into a paint waste container that is kept closed when not in use;
(iii) disassembling and cleaning of the spray gun in a vat that is kept closed when not in use; or
(iv) atomized spray into a paint waste container that is fitted with a device designed to capture atomized VOC solvent emissions.
(e) General control requirements for the emission of VOCs.
(1) Only facilities subject to this Subpart in accordance with section 228-1.1(a)(1) of this Subpart must comply with the compliant material requirements of section 228-1.4 of this Subpart.
(2) A facility containing a coating line (other than a class A coating line) may use up to 55 gallons of coatings (facility wide) on a 12-month rolling total basis which does not comply with the VOC content limits set forth in section 228-1.4 of this Subpart; provided such use is recorded in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 228-1.3(b)(2) of this section.
(3) Facilities operating a class A coating line or most class B coating lines, as specified in section 228-1.4 of this Subpart must use one or more of the following application techniques to apply the coating:
(i) flow/curtain coating;
(ii) dip coating;
(iii) cotton-tipped swab application;
(iv) electro-deposition coating;
(v) high volume low pressure spraying;
(vi) electrostatic spray;
(vii) airless spray, (including air assisted);
(viii) airbrush application methods for stenciling, lettering, and other identification markings; or
(ix) other coating application methods approved by the department which can demonstrate transfer efficiencies equivalent to or greater than high volume low pressure spray.
§228-1.4 Requirements for controlling VOC emissions using compliant materials.
(a) Class A coating line. A facility performing a Class A coating process shall not operate unless the following strategies to control VOC emissions are used:
(1) The facility must comply with the application technique requirements of section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart; and use appropriate emission control measures.
(2) The facility operating a mobile equipment repair and refinishing or color-matched coating line may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table A. The units in table A are in terms of pounds of VOC per gallon of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table A Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing or
Color-Matched Coating Lines
VOC Content limits (lbs/gal)
Automobile Primer-sealer
Automotive Topcoats:
Single stage-topcoat
2 Stage basecoat/clear coat
3 or 4 stage basecoat/clear coat
Automotive Multi-colored
(3) The following equation (equation A) must be used to determine if a topcoat, containing two or more coatings, is in compliance with the VOC content limits specified in table A of this Subpart:
VOCmulti is the VOC content of an as applied multi-stage topcoat, expressed as pounds of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds.
VOCbc is the VOC content of the as applied basecoat, expressed as pounds of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds.
VOCmci is the VOC content of the as applied mid-coat(s), expressed as pounds of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds.
VOCcc is the VOC content of the as applied clear coat, expressed as pounds of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds.
M is the number of mid-coats.
(4) Anti-corrosive wax and heat resistant anti-corrosive coatings used in mobile equipment repair and refinishing are not subject to the VOC limitations of paragraph 228-1.4(a)(2) of this section or the application requirements of section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart.
(b) Class B coating line. Unless the appropriate emission control requirements of section 228-1.5 of this Subpart have been met or a process specific RACT variance has been granted in accordance with section 228-1.5(e) of this Part, a facility performing a class B coating process shall not operate unless the following strategies to control VOC emissions are used. The VOC content limits for class B coating lines can be met by averaging the VOC content of the materials used on a single surface coating unit each day ('i.e.', daily within- coating unit averaging).
(1) Metal furniture coatings.
(i) A facility applying metal furniture coatings must use application techniques as specified in section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart.
(ii) A facility applying metal furniture coatings may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table B1. The facility must specify the use of baked or air dried limits for the purpose of compliance and recordkeeping. The units in table B1 are in terms of weight (kilograms or pounds) of VOC per volume (liters or gallons) of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table B1 Metal Furniture Coating
Coating Categories
General, One Component
(iii) The following types of coatings and coating operations are exempt from the VOC content limits specified in Table B1:
(e) touch-up and repair coatings; and
(f) coating application utilizing hand-held aerosol cans.
(2) Large appliance coating
(i) A facility applying large appliance coatings must use application techniques as specified in section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart.
(ii) A facility applying large appliance coatings may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table B2. The facility must specify the use of baked or or air dried limits for the purpose of compliance and recordkeeping. The units in table B2 are in terms of (kilograms or pounds) of VOC per volume (liters or gallons) of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table B2 Large Appliance Coatings
(iii) The following types of coatings and coating operations are exempt from the VOC content limits of table B2:
(i) A facility applying coatings in the production of flat wood paneling may not use coatings with VOC concentrations, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table B3. The units in Table B3 are in terms of weight (grams or pounds) of VOC per volume (liters or gallons) of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table B3 Flat Wood Paneling
pounds VOC/
grams VOC
Printed interior panels made of
hardwood, plywood, or thin particleboard
Natural finish hardwood plywood
Class II finishes on hardboard panels
(4) Miscellaneous metal parts coatings
(i) A facility applying miscellaneous metal parts coatings must use application techniques as specified in section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart.
(ii) A facility applying miscellaneous metal parts coatings may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table B4. The facility must specify the use of baked or air dried for the purpose of compliance and recordkeeping. All units in table B4 are in terms of weight (kilograms or pounds) of VOC per volume (liters or gallons) of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table B4 Miscellaneous Metal Parts Coatings
General One-Component
General Multi-Component
Electric-Insulating Varnish
Prefabricated Architectural Components
(iii) For miscellaneous metal parts coating the following types of coatings and coating operations are exempt from the VOC content limits of table B4:
(a) stencil coating;
(e) magnetic data storage disk coatings; and
(f) plastic extruded into metal parts to form a coating.
(5) Miscellaneous plastic parts coatings
(i) A facility applying Miscellaneous Plastic Parts Coatings must use application techniques as specified in section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart.
(ii) A facility applying miscellaneous plastic parts coatings may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table B5. The units in table B5 are in terms of weight (kilograms or pounds) of VOC per volume (liters or gallons) of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table B5 Miscellaneous Plastic Parts Coatings
Kg VOC/liter
Electric Dissipating Coatings and Shok-Free Coatings
(2-pack coatings)
0.34 (1-Pack)
0.42 (2-Pack)
2.8 (1-Pack)
3.5 (2-Pack)
(iii) For miscellaneous plastic parts coating, the following types of coatings and coating operations are exempt from the VOC content limits of table B5:
(c) clear or translucent coatings;
(e) Any individual coating category used in volumes less than 50 gallons in any 12 month period, if substitute compliant coatings are not available, provided that the total usage of all such coatings does not exceed 200 gallons in a 12 month period. Records of such coating must be maintained in accordance with section 228-1.3(b)(2) of this Subpart of the general requirements;
(g) mask coatings that are less than 0.5 millimeters thick (dried) and the area coated is less than 25 square inches;
(i) heparin-benzalkonium chloride (HBAC)-containing coatings applied to medical devices, provided that the total usage of all such coatings does not exceed 100 gallons in a 12 month period Records of such low use coating must be maintained in accordance with section 228-1.3(b)(2) of this Subpart of the general requirements.
(iv) For miscellaneous plastic parts coating using an airbrush coating operation, the application requirements of section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart do not apply provided less than five gallons per 12-month period is used. Records of such coatings must be maintained in accordance with section 228-1.3(b)(2) of this Subpart of the general requirements.
(6) Automotive/transportation and business machine plastic parts coatings.
(i) A facility applying automotive/transportation and business machine plastic parts coatings must use application techniques as specified in section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart.
(ii) A facility applying coatings to automotive/transportation and business machine plastic parts may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table B6. The units in table B6 are in terms of weight (kilograms or pounds) of VOC per volume (liters or gallons) of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table B6 Automotive/Transportation and Business Machine Plastic Parts
Lbs VOC/gal
Automotive/Transportation Coatings
High bake coatings- interior and exterior parts
Non base coat/clearcoat
Low bake /Air dried coatings-exterior Parts
Lowbake/ air dried coatings-interior parts
Business Machine Coatings
Fog coats
(iii) For coating Automotive/Transportation and Business Machine Plastic Parts, the following types of coatings and coating operations are exempt from the VOC content limits of table B6:
(a) texture coatings;
(b) vacuum metalizing coatings;
(c) gloss reducers;
(d) texture topcoats;
(e) adhesion primers;
(f) electrostatic preparation coatings;
(g) resist coatings; and
(h) stencil coatings.
(iv) For red, yellow and black automotive coatings, except touch up and repair coatings, the limits in table B6 may be multiplied by 1.15 for compliance.
(7) Marine pleasure craft surface coating.
(i) A facility applying marine pleasure craft surface coatings must use application techniques as specified in section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart.
(ii) A facility applying coatings to marine pleasure craft surfaces may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table B7. The units in table B7 are in terms of weight (kilograms or pounds) of VOC per volume (liters or gallons) of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table B7 Marine Pleasure Craft Surface Coating
Extreme high gloss topcoat
Finish primer/surfacer
High build primer surface
Aluminum substrate antifoulant coating
Other substrate antifoulant coating
All other marine pleasure craft surface coatings for metal or plastic
(iii) When applying extreme high gloss coatings to marine pleasure craft surfaces, the application requirements of section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart do not apply.
(8) Motor vehicle material coatings.
(i) A facility applying motor vehicle material coatings must use application techniques as specified in section 228-1.3(e)(3) of this Subpart.
(ii) A facility applying motor vehicle material coatings may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table B8. The units in table B8 are in terms of weight (kilograms or pounds) of VOC per volume (liters or gallons) of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table B8 Motor Vehicle Materials
Cavity wax (motor vehicle)
Sealer (motor vehicle)
Deadener (motor vehicle)
Gasket/gasket sealing material (motor vehicle)
Underbody coating (motor vehicle)
Trunk interior coating(motor vehicle)
Bed liner (motor vehicle)
Lubricating wax/compounds (motor vehicle)
(9) Automobile and light - duty truck assembly coatings.
(i) The facility applying coatings during automobile and light-duty truck assembly may not exceed the emission rate limits specified in table B9-1. The symbol "R" is the solids turnover solids turnover ratio; which means the ratio of the total volume of coating solids that is added to the electro deposition primer (EDP) system in a calendar month divided by the total volume design capacity of the EDP system.
Table B9-1 Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Assembly
Required VOC Emission Limit
Electro deposition primer (EDP) operations (including application area, spray/rinse stations, and curing ovens)
When solids turnover ratio (R) ≥ 0.16
When 0.04 ≤ R < 0.16
When 0.04 < R
0.084 kg VOC/liter (lb/gal) coating solids applied
0.084X3500.16-R kg VOC/liter (0.084X3500.16-RX8.34 lb/gal) coating solids applied
No VOC emission limit
Primer-surfacer operations (including application area, flash-off area, and oven)
1.44 of VOC/liter of deposited solids (12.0 lbs VOC/gal deposited solids) on a daily weighted average basis as determined by following the procedures in the revised Automobile Topcoat Protocol (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart MM Standards of performance for Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations or Protocol for Determining the Daily VOC emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Primer Surfacer and Topcoat Operations (EPA-453/R-08-002)).
Topcoat operations (including application area, flash-off area, and oven)
1.44 of VOC/liter of deposited solids (12.0 lbs VOC/gal deposited solids) on a daily weighted average basis as determined by following the procedures in the revised Automobile Topcoat Protocol.
Combined primer-surfacer and topcoat operations
Final repair operations
0.58 kg/liter (4.8 lb/gal) of coating) less water and exempt compounds on a daily weighted average basis or as an occurrence weighted average.
(ii) The facility applying coatings to miscellaneous materials at an automobile and light-duty truck assembly plant may not exceed the VOC content limits specified in table B9-2. The units in table B9-2 are in terms of weight (grams or pounds) of VOC per volume (liters or gallons) of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table B9-2 Miscellaneous Materials at Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Assembly Facilities
Glass bonding primer (automobile and light-duty truck)
Adhesives (automobile and light-duty truck)
Cavity wax (automobile and light-duty truck)
Sealer (automobile and light-duty truck)
Deadener (automobile and light-duty truck)
Gasket/gasket sealing material (automobile and light-duty truck)
Underbody coating (automobile and light-duty truck)
Trunk interior coating (automobile and light-duty truck)
Bedliner (automobile and light-duty truck)
Weatherstrip adhesive (automobile and light-duty truck)
Lubricating wax/compounds (automobile and light-duty truck)
(iii) Materials supplied in containers with a net volume of 16 ounces or less, or a net weight of one pound or less are exempt from the VOC content limits of table B9-2.
(iv) Anti-corrosive wax and heat resistant anti-corrosive coatings used in the manufacture of automobile door opening seams and floor pans, respectively are exempt from the VOC content limits of table B9-2.
(v) In addition to the handling storage and disposal requirements of section 228-1.3 "General requirements", of this Subpart, each facility with a State facility or title V permit which is performing automobile and light duty truck assembly coating must develop, and submit (with their permit application or renewal application) for department approval, a work practice plan to minimize VOC emissions from cleaning and from purging of equipment associated with all coating operations for which emission control requirements are specified in this Subpart. As a minimum, the plan must specify the practices and procedures to ensure that VOC emissions are minimized from the following operations:
(a) vehicle body wiping;
(b) coating line purging;
(c) flushing of coating systems;
(d) cleaning of spray booth grates, walls and equipment; and
(e) cleaning external spray booth areas.
(c) Class C coating lLine, wood finishing.
(1) Unless the appropriate emission control requirements of section 228-1.5 of this Subpart have been met or a process specific RACT variance has been granted in accordance with section 228-1.5(e) of this Subpart, a facility performing a class C coating process shall not operate unless the following strategies to control VOC emissions are used.
(2) A facility applying wood finishing coatings using a spray gun must use a high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray gun except in the following instances:
(i) the coating being applied emits less than 1.0 kg(lb) VOC per kg (lb) of solids used;
(ii) for the touchup and repair;
(iii) when the spray is automated;
(iv) when add-on controls are employed; or
(v) if the cumulative application is less than 5.0 percent of the total gallons of coating applied.
(3) A facility applying wood finishing coatings may use one of two approaches to comply with VOC content requirements. The facility may not use coatings with VOC contents greater than the limits specified in either table C-1 (Low VOC Topcoats) or table C-2 (High solids Sealers and Topcoats). The facility must specify which table (approach) it will be using for the purpose of compliance and record keeping. The units in tables C-1 and C-2 are in terms of weight (kilograms or pounds) of VOC per weight (kilograms or pounds) of applied, which exceed the limits specified in either table C-1 or table C-2.
Wood Finishing VOC Content Limit (Low VOC Topcoats)
kg VOC/kg solids
(lb VOC/lb solids)
Wood Finishing VOC Content Limit
(High solids Sealers & Topcoats)
Acid-cured alkyd amino vinyl sealers
Acid-cured alkyd amino conversion varnish sealers
(4) In addition to the handling storage and disposal requirements of section 228-1.3, "General requirements" of this Subpart each facility with a state facility or title V permit which is performing wood finishing operations must develop, and submit (with their permit application or renewal application) for department approval, a work practice plan to minimize VOC emissions from cleaning and process operations from all coating operations for which emission control requirements are specified in this Subpart. As a minimum, the plan must specify the practices and procedures to ensure that:
(i) solvents are not being used for spray booth cleaning except when metal filters or conveyors are being cleaned or the spray booth is being refurbished;
(ii) conventional air spray guns are not being used except as specified in paragraph (1) of this Subdivision;
(iii) cleaning solvent from gun/line cleaning has been collected into a closed container; and the washoff tank is covered when not in use; and
(iv) the use of wash off and cleaning solvents are tracked.
(d) Class D Coating line.
(1) Unless the appropriate emission control requirements of section 228-1.5 of this Subpart have been met or a process specific RACT variance has been granted in accordance with section 228-1.5(e) of this Subpart, a facility performing a class D coating process shall not operate unless the following strategies to control VOC emissions are used.
(2) The facility applying coatings to magnet wire, metal cans, coils, vinyl and fabric may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table D-1. The units in table D-1 are in terms of pounds of VOC per gallon of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Magnet Wire, Metal Can, Coil, Vinyl, and Fabric Coating Lines
Description of Product or Coating Category
Lb VOC/ gal coating)
Magnet wire insulation coating lines
Enameling or varnish of aluminum or copper wire for use in electrical machinery to create an electromagnetic field.
Metal can coating lines
Sheet basecoat-exterior and interior over-varnish
Two-piece can exterior (basecoat and over-varnish)
Two-and three-piece can interior body spray
Two-piece can exterior end (spray or roll coat)
Three-piece can side-seam spray
End sealing compounds
Flat metal sheet from a coil or roll which is coated and later used for items, including but not limited to: cans, appliances, roof decks, siding, cars, and gutters.
Vinyl coating lines
Printing, decorations or protecting coats over vinyl-coated fabric or vinyl sheets.
Fabric coating lines
Fabric coatings, including but limited to: rubber that is used for rainwear, tents, and industrial gaskets.
(3) The facility applying coatings to paper film and foil may not use coatings with VOC contents, as applied, which exceed the limits specified in table D-2. The units in table D-2 are in terms of weight of VOC per weight of coating applied.
Table D-2 Paper Film and Foil
Kg VOC/kg coating
or Lb VOC/lb coating
Pressure sensitive tape and label surface coating
(i) The VOC content limits in table D-2 can be met by averaging the VOC content of the materials used on a single surface coating line (i.e. daily with-in-line averaging).
(ii) Materials used to form unsupported substrates, such as calendaring of vinyl, brown film, cast film, extruded film and co-extruded film are not considered coating for the purpose of table D-2.
(e) Class E coating line.
(1) Unless the appropriate emission control requirements of section 228-1.5 of this Subpart have been met or a process specific RACT variance has been granted in accordance with section 228-1.5(e) of this Subpart, a facility performing a class E coating process shall not operate unless the following conditions are met.
(2) The VOC content limits specified in table E must not be exceeded. Table E units are in terms of pounds of VOC per gallon of coating (minus water and excluded compounds) at application.
Table E Tablet, Glass, Leather, Aerospace, Urethane
Lb VOC/gal coating
Tablet coating lines
Formed pharmaceutical products, including but not limited to: pills and capsules.
Glass coating lines
Lamps, incandescent light bulbs and miscellaneous glass products.
Leather coating lines
Leather substrates, including but not limited to: clothing, furniture, and automobile components.
Aerospace coating lines
Aerospace components, including but not limited to: assembly parts or completed unit of any aircraft, helicopter or missile.
Maskant for chemical processing
Urethane coating lines
Urethane substrates that are more than 50 micrometers (0.002 inches) thick, except for resilient floor covering and flexible packaging.
(3) Aerospace coatings which are utilized for pretreatment, adhesive bonding primers, flight testing, fuel tanks, electric/radiation effects, space vehicles and temporary mechanical maskant/high temperature heat treatment are not subject to the VOC limits of this section.
§228-1.5 Requirements for controlling VOC emissions using add-on controls or coating systems.
(a) Use of coatings that exceed the VOC content limits at application specified in the tables of section 228-1.4 of this Subpart is prohibited, unless a coating system meeting the requirements of subdivision (d) of this section is utilized, control equipment meeting the requirements of subdivisions (b) and (c) of this section is installed and operated, or a process specific RACT variance is granted under subdivision (e) of this Section.
(b) Any VOC incinerator used as control equipment must be designed and operated to provide, at a minimum a 90 percent overall removal efficiency. The department may allow an owner or operator of a facility which uses a natural gas fired VOC incinerator as a control device for coating lines subject to this Subpart to shut down the VOC incinerator from November 1st through March 31st for the purposes of natural gas conservation, provided that the department has determined that this action will not jeopardize air quality.
(c) The overall removal efficiency of an air cleaning device used as a control strategy must be determined, for every surface coating formulation, on a solids as applied basis using Equation 2 unless a 90 percent or greater overall removal efficiency is achieved by the air cleaning device. The air cleaning device must be designed and operated to provide, at a minimum, an overall removal efficiency of either 90 percent or as determined by Equation 2.
is the overall removal efficiency.
(VOC)c is the maximum permissible pounds of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds at application, as set forth in the tables of Section 228-1.4 of this Subpart.
(VOC)a is the VOC content of an as applied coating, expressed as pounds of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds.
(Vn)c is the volumetric fraction of solids, expressed as gallon of solids per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds, in a compliant coating expressed as:
(Vv)c is the volumetric fraction of VOC, expressed as gallon of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds, in a compliant coating expressed as:
(Vn)a is the volumetric fraction of solids, expressed as gallon of solids per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds, in an as applied coating expressed as:
(Vv)a is the volumetric fraction of VOC, expressed as gallon of VOC per gallon of coating minus water and excluded compounds, in an as applied coating expressed as:
dVOC is the density of VOC as applied, i.e., total volatiles minus water and excluded compounds, in pounds of VOC per gallon of VOC.
(d) An owner or operator of a coating line which utilizes a coating system as a control strategy, which control strategy may also employ a control device, must comply with the following provisions:
(1) the coating system must be approved by the department prior to the use of the coating system in the manufacture of a product for sale;
(2) coatings which are applied manually by handheld spray guns cannot be utilized in a coating system;
(3) the emission differential (ED) for a coating system must be determined using equation 7 below. The ED for the coating system is the sum of the individual ED values calculated for every coating used in the coating system. The ED calculation requirement is to be performed each time the series of coatings in a coating system is changed. The coating system ED must be less than or equal to zero before the coating system may be operated.
V is the actual coating volume used, minus water and excluded compounds, in gallons.
is the overall removal efficiency, expressed as:
c is the percent CE, as determined by section 228-1.6(d)(2) of this Subpart.
d is the percent destruction and/or removal efficiency, as determined by section 228-1.6(d)(1) of this Subpart.
= 0, for coating systems without a control device and capture system.
dVOC = 7.36 pounds of VOC per gallon of VOC when (VOC)a = 0 and (Vn)a=1
When section 228-1.6(d)(1) of this Subpart applies, is the VOC solvent recovery fraction.
All other terms are defined in subdivision (c) of this section.
(4) the ED figures for the individual coating used in the coating system must be calculated on an instantaneous basis. There is no averaging period for individual coatings which are part of a coating system; and
(5) the method or instrument by which the owner or operator will measure or calculate the volume of coating applied must be approved by the department.
(e) Process specific RACT demonstrations.
(1) The department may allow surface coating processes to operate with a lesser degree of control than is required by this section provided that a process specific reasonably available control technology (RACT) demonstration has been made to the satisfaction of the department. Such process specific RACT demonstrations must be submitted to the administrator for approval as a revision to the State Implementation Plan and must address the technical and economic feasibility of:
(i) utilizing compliant coating(s) and/or inks;
(ii) utilizing demonstrated and proven emission control technologies which would achieve the required overall removal efficiency determined pursuant to subdivision (c) of this section;
(iii) utilizing demonstrated and proven emission control technologies which would achieve a level of overall removal efficiency less than the required level determined pursuant to subdivision (c) of this section; and
(iv) utilizing demonstrated and proven production modification methods which would result in real, documented, and enforceable reductions in the VOC emissions from the process.
(2) Facilities with surface coating processes subject to this Part with an annual potential to emit of less than five tons of VOCs will only be required to comply with subparagraphs (1)(i) and (iv) of this subdivision in order to demonstrate that a lesser degree of control is RACT for these processes.
§228-1.6 Reports, sampling and analysis.
(a) The owner and/or operator of any emission source subject to the VOC emission control requirements of this Subpart must, upon request by the department, use Method 311 or Method 24, included in Appendix A of both 40 CFR parts 63 and 60, respectively (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title), to measure the volatile content, water content, density, volume of solids, and weight of solids in order to determine the actual VOC content of an as applied coating during a compliance demonstration.
(b) When the sampling and analysis methods referenced in subdivision (a) or (e) or paragraph (d)(2) of this section are not applicable, alternate sampling and analysis methods can be used, subject to the approval of the department and the administrator.
(c) Representatives of the department must be permitted on the facility owner's property, during reasonable business hours, to obtain coating samples for the purpose of determining compliance with this Subpart.
(d) When an owner and/or operator of a coating line utilizes control equipment to comply with the provisions of this Part, test methods acceptable to the department must be used to determine the overall removal efficiency during a required performance test.
(1) The overall removal efficiency may be made by directly measuring VOC/solvent recovery and VOC/solvent usage rates where VOC/solvent recovery is the only control equipment. Methods provided for in subdivision (a) or (b) of this section must be used.
(2) For any control equipment other than VOC/solvent recovery, this determination must include provisions to determine both the efficiency of the capture system and the control equipment. The approved VOC CE test methods are contained in the following table. Test methods 204 through 204F (M204 - M204F) are included in appendix M of 40 CFR part 51 (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title). The approved test methods for determining the efficiency of the control equipment are listed in subdivision (e) of this section.
Approved VOC CE Test Methods
Enclosure Verification
Liquid Input (L)
Captured Emissions (G)
Fugitive Emissions (F) or (FB)
CE formula
Temporary Total Enclosure (gas/gas mass balance test)
M204B or M204C
G/(G+F)
Temporary Total Enclosure (liquid/gas mass balance test)
M204A or M204F
(L-F)/L
Building Enclosure (gas/gas mass balance test)
M204E
G/(G+FB)
Building Enclosure (liquid/gas mass balance test)
(L-FB)/L
(3) Alternative CE protocols and test methods may be allowed if the data quality objective approach or lower confidence limit approach requirements are met in conjunction with the additional criteria set forth in the EPA guidance document entitled Guidelines for Determining Capture Efficiency (see table 1, Section 200.9 of this Title). The alternative CE protocols and test methods must be approved in advance by the department. Also, the multiple line testing procedures outlined in the above guidance document can be used to determine CE if the applicable criteria are satisfied. The multiple line testing CE protocols and test methods must be approved in advance by the department.
(e) The owner and/or operator of a surface coating line must follow the applicable notification requirements, protocol requirements, and test procedures of Part 202 of this Title for testing and monitoring. Depending upon conditions at a test site, one of the following test methods from appendix A of 40 CFR part 60 (see table 1, section 200.9 of this Title) must be used when measuring VOC contents of a gas stream at the inlet and outlet of a control device to determine the destruction and/or removal efficiency:
(1) method 18, Measurement of Gaseous Organic Compound Emissions by Gas Chromatography;
(2) method 25, Determination of Total Gaseous Organic Emissions as Carbon; or
(f) If an air cleaning device is used, continuous monitors for the following parameters must be installed, periodically calibrated, and operated when the associated control equipment is operating:
(1) exhaust gas temperature of all incinerators;
(2) temperature rise across catalytic incinerator bed;
(3) breakthrough of VOCs on a carbon adsorption unit; and
(4) any other continuous monitoring or recording device required by the department.
(g) For each emission differential (ED) calculation performed under section 228-1.5(d) of this Subpart, the owner or operator of the coating system must record the following and make the records available to the department upon request: the name or identification of each coating; the coating parameters used in equation 7, the individual ED values for each coating, and the ED value calculated for the coating system.
(h) Any information or record showing noncompliance with the requirements of this Part must be reported to the department within 30 days following notice or generation of the information or record.
(1) All records required by this section must be maintained at the facility for a period of five years.