Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5503681?ie=ISO-8859-1
Timestamp: 2015-03-05 17:03:54
Document Index: 592604634

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.\n13', 'art.\n14', 'art.\n15', 'art.\n17', 'art.\n18', 'art.\n19', 'art.\n20', 'art.\n21', 'art.\n34', 'art.\n51', 'art.\n52', 'art.\n53', 'art.\n55', 'art.\n56', 'art.\n57', 'art.\n58', 'art.\n59', 'art.\n68', 'art.\n84', 'art.\n85', 'art.\n86', 'art.\n88', 'art.\n89', 'art.\n90', 'art.\n91', 'art.\n92', 'art.\n101', 'art.\n116', 'art.\n117', 'art.\n118', 'art.\n120', 'art.\n121', 'art.\n122', 'art.\n123', 'art.\n124']

Patent US5503681 - Using a silicon-containing or an isoparaffin cleaning agent with a ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn object to be cleaned is cleaned with an cleaning agent which mixes a base cleaning agent such as silicon-containing cleaning agent or an isoparaffin containing cleaning agent with a surfactant or a hydrophilic solvent to promote the cleaning power. The object is rinsed with the base cleaning agent...http://www.google.com/patents/US5503681?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5503681 - Using a silicon-containing or an isoparaffin cleaning agent with a surfactant or a hydrophilic solvent cleaning promoterAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5503681 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/177,697Publication dateApr 2, 1996Filing dateJan 4, 1994Priority dateMar 16, 1990Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS5538024, US5769962, US5772781, US5833761, US5888312Publication number08177697, 177697, US 5503681 A, US 5503681A, US-A-5503681, US5503681 A, US5503681AInventorsMinoru Inada, Kimiaki Kabuki, Yasutaka Imajo, Noriaki Yagi, Nobuhiro SaitohOriginal AssigneeKabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, Japan Field Company, Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (62), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (52), Classifications (89), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetUsing a silicon-containing or an isoparaffin cleaning agent with a surfactant or a hydrophilic solvent cleaning promoter
US 5503681 AAbstract
Images(2) Claims(132)
1. A method of cleaning an object comprising the steps of:(a) a first step of cleaning an object with a mixture containing a base cleaning agent and a cleaning power promoting agent; (b) a second step of cleaning the object with a base cleaning agent alone; and (c) a third step of vapor drying the object after it goes through the second step of cleaning,wherein the base cleaning agent is the same or different in steps (a) and (b) and is at least one non-water system agent selected from the group consisting of silicon-containing cleaning agents and an aliphatic hydrocarbon cleaning agent having from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and wherein said aliphatic hydrocarbon is used in the base cleaning agent in one or both of steps (a) and (b) and whereinsaid silicon-containing cleaning agent comprises at least one low molecular weight polyorganosiloxane selected from the group consisting of a straight chain polyorganosiloxane represented by the general formula: ##STR24## and a cyclic polyorganosiloxane represented by the formula: ##STR25## wherein R in each formula is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, 1 is an integer from 0 to 5, and m is an integer of from 3 to 7, and said cleaning power promoting agent is at least one agent selected from the group consisting of surfactants and hydrophilic solvents, and wherein said vapor drying is conducted using a vapor cleaning agent that has a difference of solubility parameter of four or less and an evaporation latent heat of five fold or less compared with the cleaning agent used in the second step of cleaning. 2. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the vapor drying is conducted using a vapor cleaning agent having a boiling point that is higher than a temperature of a surface of the object to be cleaned by 20� C. or more.
3. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the vapor drying is conducted using a vapor cleaning agent selected from one or more of the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol and a perfluoro compound.
4. A cleaning method according to claim 3, wherein the vapor cleaning agent comprises a perfluoro compound.
5. A cleaning method according to claim 3, wherein the vapor cleaning agent comprises isopropyl alcohol.
6. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning agent used in one or both of steps (a) and (b) comprises a volatile isoparaffin having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
7. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning agent used in one or both of steps (a) and (b) comprises a volatile isoparaffin having 4 to 15 carbon atoms.
8. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning agent used in one or both of steps (a) and (b) comprises a volatile normal paraffin.
9. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning agent used in one or both of steps (a) and (b) comprises a volatile cyclo olefin.
10. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said cleaning agent used in one or both of steps (a) and (b) comprises at least one of said low molecular weight polyorganosiloxanes, wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, trifluoro-methyl.
11. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said cleaning agent used in one or both of steps (a) and (b) comprises one or more of octamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane or decamethylcylopentasiloxane.
12. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said object is a metallic part.
13. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said object is ceramic part.
14. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said object is a glass part.
15. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said object is a plastic part having a hard surface.
16. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said object is a surface treated or coated part.
17. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said object is an electronic part.
18. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said object is a semiconductor part.
19. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said object is an optical part.
20. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said object is a precision machinery part.
21. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the object before step (a) contains liquid which is removed by the cleaning method which acts as a liquid removing method.
22. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the object before step (a) contains oil or grease stains which are removed by the cleaning method.
23. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the first step and the second step are conducted in a sequence of cleaning vessels.
24. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning power promoting agent comprises a surfactant.
25. A cleaning method according to claim 24, wherein up to 50 parts of surfactant are present per 100 parts of base cleaning agent used in step (a).
26. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning power promoting agent comprises a hydrophilic solvent having a flash point of 40� C. or higher.
27. A cleaning method according to claim 26, wherein up to 50,000 parts of the hydrophilic solvent are present per 100 parts of base cleaning agent used in step (a).
28. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning power promoting agent comprises a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether and wherein the base cleaning agent used in step (a) comprises an isoparaffin.
29. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein step (a), step (b), or both include application of ultrasonic waves to increase the cleaning of the object.
30. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said base cleaning agent used in one or both of steps (a) and (b) comprises a mixture of said silicon containing agent and an isoparaffin having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
31. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method is continuous and the base cleaning agent used in step (a) and the base cleaning agent used in step (b) are both recycled and reused during the method.
32. A cleaning method according to claim 31, wherein the base cleaning agents are filtered to remove impurities prior to being recycled into the method.
33. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the object is an industrial part.
34. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said base cleaning agent of said second step comprises a mixture of said silicon-containing cleaning agent and said aliphatic hydrocarbon cleaning agent.
35. A cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein said base cleaning agent of said first step comprises a mixture of said silicon-containing cleaning agent and said aliphatic hydrocarbon cleaning agent.
36. A method of cleaning an object comprising the steps of:(a) a step of cleaning the object with a cleaning agent containing a non-water system agent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon-containing cleaning agent having from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and optionally a silicon-containing cleaning agent; and (b) a step of drying the object by use of a vapor drying treatment after it goes through the first step of cleaning,wherein said silicon-containing cleaning agent comprises at least one low molecular weight poly-organosiloxane selected from the group consisting of a straight chain polyorganosiloxane represented by the general formula: ##STR26## and a cyclic polyorganosiloxane represented by the formula: ##STR27## wherein R in each formula is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, 1 is an integer from 0 to 5, and m is an integer of from 3 to 7, and wherein said vapor drying treatment is conducted using a vapor cleaning agent that has a difference of solubility parameter of four or less and an evaporation latent heat of five fold or less compared with the cleaning agent. 37. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the non-water system agent contains at least one cleaning power promoting agent selected from the group consisting of surfactants and hydrophilic solvents.
38. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the drying comprises vapor drying conducted using a vapor cleaning agent having a boiling point that is higher than temperature of a surface of the object to be cleaned by 20� C. or more.
39. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the drying comprises vapor drying conducted using a vapor cleaning agent selected from one or more of the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol and a perfluoro compound.
40. A cleaning method according to claim 39, wherein the vapor cleaning agent comprises a perfluoro compound.
41. A cleaning method according to claim 39, wherein the vapor cleaning agent comprises isopropyl alcohol.
42. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a volatile isoparaffin having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
43. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a volatile isoparaffin having 4 to 15 carbon atoms.
44. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a volatile normal paraffin.
45. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a volatile cyclo olefin.
46. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said cleaning agent comprises at least one of said low molecular weight polyorganosiloxanes, wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, trifluoro-methyl.
47. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said cleaning agent comprises a mixture of said silicon containing agent and an isoparaffin having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
48. A method according to claim 36, wherein the method is continuous and the cleaning agent is recycled and reused during the method.
49. A method according to claim 36, wherein the method is continuous and the drying comprises the use of a vapor cleaning agent, and wherein the vapor cleaning agent is recycled during the process.
50. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said object is a metallic part.
51. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said object is a ceramic part.
52. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said object is a glass part.
53. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said object is a plastic part having a hard surface.
54. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said object is a surface treated or coated part.
55. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said object is an electronic part.
56. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said object is a semiconductor part.
57. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said object is an optical part.
58. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein said object is a precision machinery part.
59. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the object before step (a) contains liquid which is removed by the cleaning method which acts as a liquid-removing method.
60. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the object before step (a) contains oil or grease stains which are removed by the cleaning method.
61. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the first step is conducted in a sequence of cleaning vessels.
62. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the object before step (a) contains water which is removed by the cleaning method.
63. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a surfactant.
64. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a hydrophilic solvent having a flash point of 40� C. or higher.
65. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein step (a) includes application of ultrasonic waves to increase the cleaning of the object.
66. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the method is continuous, and the cleaning agent is recycled back to the method and wherein the cleaning agents are filtered to remove impurities prior to be recycled.
67. A cleaning method according to claim 36, wherein the object is an industrial part.
68. A cleaning method according to claim 36, which comprises a rinsing step between steps (a) and (b).
69. A cleaning method according to claim 68, wherein the rinsing step comprises rinsing the object with a rinsing agent comprising one or more of said silicon-containing cleaning agent and said aliphatic hydrocarbon, wherein the rinsing agent optionally comprises a solvent.
70. A method of cleaning an object comprising the steps of:(a) a first step of cleaning the object with a cleaning agent containing a silicon-containing cleaning agent and an aliphatic hydrocarbon cleaning agent having from 4 to 30 carbon atoms; and (b) a second step of drying the object by use of a vapor drying treatment wherein said silicon-containing cleaning agent comprises at least one low molecular weight poly-organosiloxane selected from the group consisting of a straight chain polyorganosiloxane represented by the general formula: ##STR28## and a cyclic polyorganosiloxane represented by the formula: ##STR29## wherein R in each formula is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, 1 is an integer from 0 to 5, and m is an integer of from 3 to 7, and wherein said vapor drying treatment is conducted using a vapor cleaning agent that has a difference of solubility parameter of four or less and an evaporation latent heat of five fold or less compared with the cleaning agent. 71. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the cleaning agent contains at least one cleaning power promoting agent selected from the group consisting of surfactants and hydrophilic solvents.
72. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the drying comprises vapor drying conducted using a vapor cleaning agent having a boiling point that is higher than a temperature of a surface of the object to be cleaned by 20� C. or more.
73. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the drying comprises vapor drying conducted using a vapor cleaning agent selected from one or more of the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol and a perfluoro compound.
74. A cleaning method according to claim 73, wherein the vapor cleaning agent comprises a perfluoro compound.
75. A cleaning method according to claim 73, wherein the vapor cleaning agent comprises isopropyl alcohol.
76. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the hydrocarbon cleaning agent comprises a volatile isoparaffin having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
77. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the hydrocarbon cleaning agent comprises a volatile isoparaffin having 4 to 15 carbon atoms.
78. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the hydrocarbon cleaning agent comprises a volatile normal paraffin.
79. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a volatile cyclo olefin.
80. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said cleaning agent comprises at least one low molecular weight polyorganosiloxanes, wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, trifluoro-methyl.
81. A method according to claim 70, wherein the method is continuous and the cleaning agent is recycled and reused during the method.
82. A method according to claim 70, wherein the method is continuous and the drying comprises the use of a vapor cleaning agent, and wherein the vapor cleaning agent is recycled during the process.
83. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said object is a metallic part.
84. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said object is a ceramic part.
85. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said object is a glass part.
86. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said object is a plastic part having a hard surface.
87. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said object is a surface treated or coated part.
88. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said object is an electronic part.
89. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said object is a semiconductor part.
90. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said object is an optical part.
91. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein said object is a precision machinery part.
92. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the object before step (a) contains liquid which is removed by the cleaning method which acts as a liquid-removing method.
93. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the object before step (a) contains oil or grease stains which are removed by the cleaning method.
94. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the first step is conducted in a sequence of cleaning vessels.
95. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the object before step (a) contains water which is removed by the cleaning method which acts as a dewatering method.
96. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a surfactant.
97. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a hydrophilic solvent having a flash point of 40� C. or higher.
98. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein step (a) includes application of ultrasonic waves to increase the cleaning of the object.
99. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the method is continuous, and the cleaning agent is recycled back to the method and wherein the cleaning agents are filtered to remove impurities prior to be recycled.
100. A cleaning method according to claim 70, wherein the object is an industrial part.
101. A method of cleaning an object comprising the steps of:(a) a first step of cleaning the object with a cleaning agent containing one or more of a silicon-containing cleaning agent and an aliphatic hydrocarbon cleaning agent having from 4 to 30 carbon atoms; and (b) a second step of drying the drying object by use of a vapor drying treatment after it goes through the first step of cleaning, wherein said silicon-containing cleaning agent comprises at least one low molecular weight poly-organosiloxane selected from the group consisting of a straight chain polyorganosiloxane represented by the general formula: ##STR30## and a cyclic polyorganosiloxane represented by the formula: ##STR31## wherein R in each formula is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, 1 is an integer from 0 to 5, and m is an integer of from 3 to 7, and wherein said vapor drying treatment is conducted using a vapor cleaning agent that has a difference of solubility parameter of four or less and an evaporation latent heat of five fold or less compared with the cleaning agent. 102. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the cleaning agent contains at least one cleaning power promoting agent selected from the group consisting of surfactants and hydrophilic solvents.
103. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the drying comprises vapor drying conducted using a vapor cleaning agent having a boiling point that is higher than a temperature of the surface of the object to be cleaned by 20� C. or more.
104. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the drying comprises vapor drying conducted using a vapor cleaning agent selected from one or more of the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol and a perfluoro compound.
105. A cleaning method according to claim 104, wherein the vapor cleaning agent comprises a perfluoro compound.
106. A cleaning method according to claim 104, wherein the vapor cleaning agent comprises isopropyl alcohol.
107. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a volatile isoparaffin having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
108. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a volatile isoparaffin having 4 to 15 carbon atoms.
109. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a volatile normal paraffin.
110. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a volatile cyclo olefin.
111. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said cleaning agent comprises at least one of said low molecular weight polyorganosiloxanes, wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, and trifluoro-methyl.
112. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said cleaning agent comprises a mixture of said silicon containing agent and an isoparaffin having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
113. A method according to claim 101, wherein the method is continuous and the cleaning agent is recycled and reused during the method.
114. A method according to claim 101, wherein the method is continuous and the drying comprises the use of a vapor cleaning agent, and wherein the vapor cleaning agent is recycled during the process.
115. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said object is a metallic part.
116. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said object is a ceramic part.
117. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said object is a glass part.
118. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said object is a plastic part having a hard surface.
119. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said object is a surface treated or coated part.
120. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said object is an electronic part.
121. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said object is a semiconductor part.
122. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said object is an optical part.
123. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein said object is a precision machinery part.
124. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the object before step (a) contains liquid which is removed by the cleaning method which acts as a liquid-removing method.
125. A cleaning method according to claim 105, wherein the object before step (a) contains oil or grease stains which are removed by the cleaning method.
126. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the first step is conducted in a sequence of cleaning vessels.
127. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the object before step (a) contains water which is removed by the cleaning method.
128. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a surfactant.
129. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the cleaning agent comprises a hydrophilic solvent having a flash point of 40� C. or higher.
130. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein step (a) includes application of ultrasonic waves to increase the cleaning of the object.
131. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the method is continuous, and the cleaning agent is recycled back to the method and wherein the cleaning agent is filtered to remove impurities prior to being recycled.
132. A cleaning method according to claim 101, wherein the object is an industrial part.
This application is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 07/768,554, filed Sep. 27, 1991 and now abandoned.
As the above-mentioned isoparaffin-containing cleaning agent, compositions substantially comprising volatile isoparaffins having from 4 to 30 carbon atoms can be mentioned and particularly isoparaffins chiefly comprising C4 -C15 cut are preferable from the viewpoint of the cleaning power. An isoparaffin containing cleaning agent usually comprises one or two or more of the above-mentioned volatile isoparaffins. These isoparaffins are volatile, harmless and odorless, achieving substantially as good effects as the above-mentioned low molecular weight polyorganosiloxane.
As the hydrophilic solvent, those compatible with above-mentioned base cleaning agents and especially having the flash point of 40� C. or higher are well suited for the practical use. Specific examples of hydrophilic solvents include polyhydroxy alcohol and its derivatives such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and of them diethylene glycol monobutyl ether is particularly preferable on account of its compatibility with base cleaning agents and safety in the human. These compounds should have an improved volatility if in coexistence with low molecular weight polyorganosiloxane and the like, and even water substitution and drying stepes can be completed with their mixture alone. Further, lower alcohols such as ethyl alcohol or acetone or the like can be used in combination with base cleaning agents depending upon the latter's kind and uses. Further, a polyoxyalkylene alkylether represented by the formula: ##STR3## (wherein R is a hydrocarbon group of single valence having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and n and p respectively are an integer of from 0 to 10, satisfying the formula n+p≧1) is especially well suited for in the case where an isoparaffin-containing cleaning agent is used as a base cleaning agent.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the construction of an cleaning apparatus used in an example of the present invention and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the construction of the other cleaning apparatus of the present invention.
With reference to the point (1), they had the finding that a steam cleaning agent can be a particularly effective factor if its SP value has a difference of 4 or less with that of the liquid carried forward from the earlier process, except for some instances where hydrogen bond of molecules and interaction of polar groups must be given further consideration. Steam cleaning is to condense the steam cleaning agent to form dews on the surface of the object to be cleaned so that these dews dissolve and wash away the liquids attached to the object. If there is a SP value difference of more than 4 between the steam cleaning agent and the liquid carried forward from the earlier process, sufficient substitutability is not obtained. Preferably the difference of SP value is 3 or less and more preferably 2 or less. With reference to the point (2), it is preferable to put to use a steam cleaning agent having an evaporation latent heat by 5 folds or less with the liquid carried forward from the earlier process. When evaporation latent heat is larger than 5 folds, one evaporates much faster than another, leaving the liquid having a larger evaporation latent heat behind on the object to be cleaned and keeping it remain as a blotch and the like there. Preferably the difference of evaporation latent heat is 3 folds or less and more preferably 2 folds or less. Further, preferably a steam cleaning agent has as small an evaporation latent heat as possible even when the above-mentioned difference is satisfied. Preferably, the value of evaporation latent heat is 200 cal/g or less, more preferably 100 cal/g or less and most preferably 50 cal/g or less. It is especially important to satisfy the abovementioned points (1) and (2) with respect to the system of the present invention.
The examples of degreasing cleaning will be described first. A mixture of 50 parts by weight of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (SP value=7) and 50 parts by weight of diethylene glycol monobutylether (SP value=8) and a mixture of 50 parts by weight of volatile isoparafin and 50 parts by weight of diethylene glycol monobutylether were prepared as the cleaning agent in the first cleaning process. An octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane was used as the rinsing cleaning agent in the second cleaning process. The various compounds listed in Table 1 were used as the steam cleaning agent. The following charts shows the SP value, the evaporation latent heat and the boiling point of the steam cleaning agents listed in Table 1. The steam cleaning agents used in these examples were selected with the SP value and the evaporation latent heat of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane as standard reference.
______________________________________              Evaporation              Latent Heat                         Boiling Point       SP Value              (cal/g)    (�C.)______________________________________C8 F18         5        20         97 ##STR5##     6        20         102IPA           11       161        82Octamethylcyclo-         7        36         175tetrasiloxaneHexamethyldisiloxane         7        51         100Acetone       10       62         56Ethanol       13       204        78______________________________________
Printed boards using the Sparkle Flux PO-F-4600, a brand of rosin-containing flux (supplied by Senju Metal Industries Co., Ltd.: for chip-mounted board, SP value=approximately 10) were cleaned with these cleaning agents. The ultrasonic wave cleaning was implemented at 45� C. for 3 minutes and then the rinsing cleaning for 2 minutes in the first cleaning process. The so cleaned printed boards were subjected to steam drying with each of the steam cleaning agents and the time span required for drying was measured. Likewise, hot air drying at 50� C. was conducted and the time span required for this type of drying was measured. Further, after drying, the ion residue (μg NaCl/inch2) on the surface of the printed boards was measured by an omegameter (Nippon Alpha Metals Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the procedures provided for in MIL-P-55110C and MIL-P-28809A. Further, the flux residue was measured with the naked eye and microscopically, making an examination for the presence of stains having the major axis of 0.05 mm or more. The practical usefulness was analyzed according to global judgement, marking excellent ⊚, good as ∘, fairly good as A and poor as X and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1  Steam cleaning composition (Parts by weight) Results of cleaning Other      Appeara- Usefuln- Cleaning com- Rinsing comp-  organ- Octamethy- Hexameth-  Drying Ion reside nce (wh- ess (Gl- position (Pa- osition (Par-  ic so- lcyclotet- yldisilo- Perfluoro time (&#956;g NaCl/ ite res- obal Ju- arts by weight) ts by wieght) IPA lvents rasiloxane xane compounds (second) In2) ide) dgement)   Examp- Octamethylcycl-  100  -- -- -- -- 45 7 None &#8858; le 1 otetrasiloxane  Examp-le 2 Diethyleneglycolmonobutylether50  0.5  -- 1.5 --  ##STR6##  19 6 None &#8858;  Examp- Volatile Octamethylcycl- -- Acetone -- 20 C8 F18 18 5 None &#8858; le 3 isoparaffin otetrasiloxane  1   79  50 100  Examp-le 4 Diethyleneglycol  -- Acetone3 -- 30  ##STR7##  17 8 None &#8858;  Examp- monobutylether  --  -- -- -- C8 F18 20 5 None &#8858; le 5 50      100  Examp-le 6 Octamethylcycl-otetrasiloxane50  --  -- -- -- ##STR8##  19 4 None &#8858;  Examp- Diethylene  --  -- -- -- -- 35 8 None &#8858; le 7 glycol Examp- monobutylether  (Dried by 50� C. warm wind) 125  6 None &#9711; le 8 50  Compa-rativeexamp-le 1 Octamethylcycl-otetrasiloxane50Diethyleneglycol m onobutylether50 IPA100 --  -- -- -- ##STR9##  58 18 a lotof dryblots X  Compa-rativeexamp-le 2 Ethanol100 ##STR10##  --  -- -- -- ##STR11##  20 45 Present X
Next, the examples of dewatering cleaning will be described. A mixture of 99.5 parts by weight of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 0.5 part by weight of polyoxyehtylene oleyl ether (SP value=8) and a mixture of 99.0 parts by weight of volatile isoparaffin and 1.0 part by weight of sodium stearate were prepared as the dewatering cleaning agent. Further, various compounds listed in Table 2 were used as the steam cleaning agent.
The rate of water removal (%)=(B-A)/B�100
(wherein A is the value (g) of the quantitative analysis according to the Karl Fischer method and B is the value (g) of the quantitative analysis after the blank test (excluding the cleaning process)).
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________       Steam cleaning compositionDewatering  (Parts by weight)             Results of cleaningcomposition    Other               Octamethylcyc-                       Hexamet-                            Perflu-  Appearan-                                           Rate of                                                Usefuln-(Parts by      organic               lo tetrasilox-                       hyl dis-                            oro co-  ce after                                           water %                                                essweight)     IPA          solvents               ane     loxane                            mpounds  cleaning                                           removal                                                (*)__________________________________________________________________________ExampleOctamethylc-       -- --   --      --   --       &#8858;                                           99.3 &#8858;9    yclo tetras-iloxanei99.5ExampleDiethylene       0.5          --   2.0     --   C8 F18                                     &#8858;                                           99.3 &#8858;10   glycol                      97.5monobutylet-her0.5Example 11Volatile isoparaffin 99.0       -- Acetone 0.5               2.0     --                             ##STR12##                                     &#8858;                                           99.1 &#8858;ExampleSodium --  --  --      --   C8 F18                                     &#8858;                                           99.5 &#8858;12   stearate                    1001.0Compar-Flon 113/        --          --   Flon 113/                       --   --       &#8858;                                           99.1 &#8858;tive surfactant     surfactnatExamplesystem         system3    100            100__________________________________________________________________________ * (Global judgement)
Next, the finishing cleaning (removal of particles) will be described. An octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and a volatile isoparaffin (IP SOLVENT 1620, trade name of Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) were used as the finishing cleaning agent. Further, various compounds listed in Table 3 were used as the steam cleaning agent.
The cover glass for charge coupled device was subjected to finishing cleaning with these agents. The cover glass for CCD was cleaned with the finishing cleaning agent at 45� C. in combination with the ultrasonic wave and then subjected to steam cleaning for the sake of finishing drying. After drying, the appearance was analyzed and the number of dusts on the surface measured. The after drying appearance was analyzed in substantially the same way as in Example 9 above. The amount of surface dusts (0.5 μm or more) was measured by a particle checker WM-1000 (Tokyo Optical Co., Ltd.) according to the laser method.
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________          Steam cleaning composition          (Parts by weight)             Other                  Octamethyl-                         Decamethyl-                                Perflu-  Appearan-                                                Number                                                      Usefu-Cleaning          organic                  cyclotetra-                         cyclokisil-                                oro co-  ce after                                                remaining                                                      lnesscomposition    IPA             solvents                  siloxane                         oxane  mpounds  cleaning                                                dusts                                                      *2__________________________________________________________________________Example Octamethylc-          100             --   --     --     --       &#8858;                                                15    .circleincircle                                                      .13    yclo tetras- iloxane 100Example        -- Acetone                  3      --     *3       &#8858;                                                12    .circleincircle                                                      .14                0.1                96.9Example 15 Volatile isoparaffin          -- --   --     --                                 ##STR13##                                         &#8858;                                                13    .circleincircle                                                      .Conpar- Flon 113 -- Flon 113                  --     --     100      &#8858;                                                20    .circleincircle                                                      .tive E- 100         100xample 4Compar- tive Example 5  ##STR14##          -- --   --     --                                 ##STR15##                                         &#916; A part of grinding                                         materials remained                                                150   &#916;__________________________________________________________________________ *1 (/0.5 in2) *2 (Global judgement) ##STR16##
As shown in Table 4, the certain degreasing cleaning agents were prepared by mixing a volatile isoparaffin (IP SOLVENT 1620, trade name of Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) with various organic solvents. Further, a volatile isoparaffin was used as the rinsing cleaning agent.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________       Volatil-            Ker-               Other                    Flon 113/eh-                           Drying                                 Ion resi-                                       Appearan-                                             Oil clea-Organic     e isopa-            osi-               hydroc-                    tanol azeot-                           time  due (&#956;gNa                                       ce (Whit-                                             ning timesolvents    raffin            ne arbons                    rope system                           (second)                                 C1 /in2)                                       e residue)                                             (second)__________________________________________________________________________Example Ethyl 98   -- --   --      40   11    &#8858;                                             9216    alcohol 2Example Diethylen-       50   -- --   --     180    9    &#8858;                                             6017    e glycol m onobutyle- ther 50Example d-Limonene       60   -- --   --     120    7    &#8858;                                             4518    30 Ethyl alc- ohol 10Example &#948;-Pinene       60   -- --   --     130    5    &#8858;                                             4019    30 IPA 10Compara- --    --   100               --   --     820   40    X     150tive ex-ample 6Compara- --    --   -- Isopro-                    --     &gt;2,000                                 42    X     166tive ex-            pyl be-ample 7             nzene               100Compara- Ethyl --   -- Deamyl-                    --     &gt;2,000                                 14    &#8858;                                             135tive ex- alcohol       benzeneample 8 2             98Compara- Diethylen-       --   -- n-Deca-                    --     630   15    X     162tive ex- e glycol      neample 9 monobutyl-    70 ether 30Compara- --    --   -- --   100     20   11    &#8858;                                             60ative ex-ample 10__________________________________________________________________________
As evident from Table 4, hot air drying could be brought to completion within a short span of time in the case of cleaning with an agent containing the isoparaffin as the chief ingredient, followed by rinsing with the volatile isoparaffin (Examples 16 to 19). The ion residue was low as well, nor was the white residue observed. Further, these agents were fast at the speed of degreasing cleaning, exhibiting the cleaning power equal to or better than that of a flon 113/ethanol azeotrope system. On the other hand, when cleaning and rinsing were conducted with alkylbenzene such as isopropylbenzene and diamylbenzene and straight chain paraffin such as n-decane and kerosine, drying by hot air resulted in a poor outcome and could not be completed even in 30 minutes. Thus, there were a lot of ion residues and too much flux components (white residue) to be swept away.
In accordance with substantially the same procedures as in Example 13, the cover glass for CCD was subjected to finishing cleaning with volatile isoparaffin (IP SOLVENT 1620, tradename of Indenitsu Petrochenical Co., Ltd.) used as the finishing cleaning agent and the cleaning and drying properties were evaluated in substantially the same way as in Example 13. Drying was conducted with a hot air at 50� C. The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________  Solvents used in the             Appearance after                       Number of remaining  waste-removal process             cleaning  dusts (/0.5 in2)__________________________________________________________________________Example  Volatile isoparaffin             &#8858;                       10020Comparative  Kerosine   Slow drying, inci-                       720example 11        dence of dry             blots             XComparative  Isopropylbenzene             Drying incomplete                       2,000 `example 12        even in 30 minutes             XComparative  Diamylbenzene             X         2,600example 13Comparative  n-Decane   &#9711;                       350example 14Comparative  Flon 113/ethanol             &#8858;                        90example 15  azeotrope system__________________________________________________________________________
As evident from Table 5, the volatile isoparaffin in terms of finishing cleaning achieved the sufficient cleaning power which is equal to or better than that of flon 113, without causing post-cleaning dried blobs or dusts. On the other hand, in each of the Comparative Examples, the agent had low dryness, with a high incidence of dried blobs, while a large number of dusts were found attached to object to be cleaned during the drying process.
The printed boards with flux on were cleaned by the degreasing, rinsing and steam cleaning agents listed in Table 6 in accordance with substantially the same procedures as in Example 1 and the cleaning and drying properties were evaluated in substantially the same way as in Example 1. The degreasing and rinsing cleaning were done at 45� C. for 5 minutes in combination with ultrasonic wave. The results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6  Cleaning process (composition, parts by weight)  Fron 113/  Results of evaluation Volatil- Organ- Ker- Isopro- diam- n- ethanol  Stream Drying  A pearanc- e isopa- iscol- osi- pyl be- lybe- Dec- azeotrope Rinsing Drying time Ion residue e (white raffin vents ne nzene nzene ane system process process (second) (&#956;gNaCl/in2) residue)   Examp- 98 Ethanol -- -- -- -- -- Volatile C8 F18 20  9 None le 21  2      isoparaffin Examp- 96 Ethanol -- -- -- -- -- &#8593; C6 F14 15  6 None le 22  4 Examp- 70 Diethylene -- -- -- -- -- &#8593; N(C4 F9)3 17  7 None le 23  glycol mon- obutylether   30  Examp-le 24 30 Diethylene -- -- -- -- -- &#8593;  ##STR17##  15  8 None  Compa- -- 50 50 -- -- -- -- Kerosine IPA 60 21 None rative examp- le 16 Compa- -- 70 -- 30 -- -- -- Isopropyl IPA 82 15 Dry blobs rative        benzene    present examp- le 17 Compa- -- 20 -- -- 80 -- -- Diamyl- IPA 98 31 Dry blobs rative        benzene    present examp- le 18 Compa- -- -- -- -- -- 100 -- n-Decane IPA 45 38 Dry blobs rative     present examp- le 19 Compa- -- -- -- -- -- -- 100 &#8592; &#8592; 25  9 None rative examp- le 20
Using the dewatering and steam cleaning agents listed in Table 7, miniature ball bearings were subjected to dewatering cleaning according to substantially the same procedures as in Example 9 and the cleaning and drying properties were evaluated in substantially the same way as in Example 9. The dewatering cleaning was implemented with the ball bearings immersed in the agents while stirring at 45� C. for one minute. The results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7__________________________________________________________________________Cleaning process (composition of cleaning agent, parts by                                               Result of evaluationVolatile  Polyoxyet-           Polyoxyethy-                  Ker-                     Isopro-                         Diam-                             n- Flon 113/                                      Steam          Ratio ofisopara-  hylene ol-           lene butylp-                  osi-                     pyl be-                         ylbe-                             Dec-                                surfact-                                      cleaning Appear-                                                     water re-ffin      eylether           henyl ether                  ne nzene                         nzene                             ane                                ant system                                      process  ance  moval__________________________________________________________________________                                                     %Examp-99.5 0.5   --     -- --  --  -- --    C6 F14                                               &#8858;                                                     99.3le 25Examp-99.5 --    0.5    -- --  --  -- --    C8 F18                                               &#8858;                                                     99.4le 26Examp-99.0 --    1.0    -- --  --  -- --    *3       &#8858;                                                     99.6le 27Compa---   --    --     100                     --  --  -- --    C8 F18                                               Waters                                                     62rative                                              remainingexamp-                                              Xle 21Compa---   0.5   --     -- 99.5                         --  -- --    C6 F14                                               X     91rativeexamp-le 22Compa- rative examp- le 23--   1.0   --     -- --  99.0                             -- --                                       ##STR18##                                               X     89Compa---   --    0.5    -- --  --  99.5                                --    C8 F18                                               X     96rativeexamp-le 24Compa---   --    --     -- --  --  -- 100   &#8592;   &#8858;                                                     99.2rativeexamp-le 25__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR19##
TABLE 8__________________________________________________________________________Waste removal  Steam cleaning           Amount of remainingprocess        process           Appearance                                   dusts/in2__________________________________________________________________________Example 28 Volatile isoparaffin           ##STR20##        &#8858;                                   15Example 29 Volatile isoparaffin           ##STR21##        &#9711;                                   18Compara- Kerosine F                 &#9711;                                   220tive ex-       C4 F9ample 26Compara- tive ex- ample 27 Isopropyl benzene           ##STR22##        &#9711;                                   340Compara- Diamylbenzene          C6 F14  &#9711;                                   250tive ix-ample 28Compara- tive ex- ample 29 n-Decane           ##STR23##        &#9711;                                   180Compara- Flon 113 &#8592;            &#8858;                                   32tive ex- (ethanolample 30 azeotrope system)__________________________________________________________________________
A mixture of 50 parts by weight of hexamethyldisiloxane (SP value=7) and 50 parts by weight of ethanol (SP value=13) was prepared as the cleaning agent in the first cleaning process and the octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane was used as the rinsing cleaning agent in the second cleaning process. Further, a C8 F18 was used as the steam cleaning agent. Using these agents, the cleaning and drying properties were evaluated in accordance with substantially the same procedures as in Example 1 and the results substantially as good as in Example 1 were obtained.
A one liquid for all type cleaning agent was prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of C6 F14 as a perfluoro compound, 25 parts by weight of hexamethyldisiloxane as a silicon-containing cleaning agent and 3 parts by weight of acetone as an organic solvent. Meanwhile, the testing sample was prepared by applying to a steel plate YF33, a brand of silicon-containing press oil (supplied by Thoshiba Silicon Co., Ltd.) and baking the plate at 100� C. The testing sample was cleaned using the above-mentioned one liquid for all type cleaning agent. Cleaning was conducted at 40� C. for 3 minutes in combination with ultrasonic wave, followed by steam cleaning with the same agent.
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