Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/358101768/E-2033-99-2013
Timestamp: 2019-02-17 16:06:59
Document Index: 606966697

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.1', 'art 7', 'art.1', 'art.2', 'art.5', 'art.2', 'art.4']

E 2033 - 99 (2013) | Nondestructive Testing | X Ray
Uploaded by Enrique Antonio
astm rc 2033
Designation: E2033 − 99 (Reapproved 2013
Computed Radiology (Photostimulable Luminescence
Method)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2033; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
1. Scope ing Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
1.1 This practice covers application details for computed Used for Radiology
radiology (CR) examination using a process in which photo- E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
stimulable luminescence is emitted by the penetrating radiation Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
detector, a storage phosphor imaging plate (SPIP). Because the dicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
techniques involved and the applications for CR examination E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
are diverse, this practice is not intended to be limiting or E1453 Guide for Storage of Magnetic Tape Media that
restrictive, but rather to address the general applications of the Contains Analog or Digital Radioscopic Data
technology and thereby facilitate its use. Refer to Guides E94 E1475 Guide for Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of
and E2007, Terminology E1316, and Practices E747 and Digital Radiological Examination Data
E1025, and 21 CFR 1020.40 and 29 CFR 1910.96 for addi- E1817 Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Ex-
tional information and guidance. amination by Using Representative Quality Indicators
1.2 The general principles discussed in this practice apply E2007 Guide for Computed Radiography
broadly to penetrating radiation CR systems. However, this 2.2 ASNT Standards:
document is written specifically for use with X-ray and SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
gamma-ray systems. Other CR systems, such as those employ- cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing4
ing neutrons, will involve equipment and application details ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
unique to such systems. cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel4
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 2.3 Federal Standards:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Title 21, CFR 1020.40 Safety Requirements of Cabinet
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- X-Ray Systems5
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Title 29, CFR 1910.96 Ionizing Radiation5
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety 2.4 AIA Standard:
statements, see Section 10 and 21 CFR 1020.40 and 29 CFR NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
1910.96. Testing Personnel 6
2. Referenced Documents 3. Summary of Practice
2.1 ASTM Standards:3 3.1 A CR examination system can be used for a wide variety
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination of applications. A typical CR examination system consists of a
E747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Group- radiation source, a storage phosphor imaging plate detector, a
plate reader, an electronic imaging system, a digital image
processor, a monitor display, a digital image archiving system,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on and, if desired, equipment for producing hard copy analog
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on images. This practice establishes the basic parameters for the
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally application and control of the CR method.
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2033 - 99 (2006).
DOI: 10.1520/E2033-99R13.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Code applications, see related Practice SE-2033 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate
in Section II of that code. Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye St.
the ASTM website. NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.
as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189.1 X-ray machines produce a more intense X-ray beam 6. services should be fully aware of the capabilities and limita- tions of the examination system that is proposed for examina.1.1. or a similar ration. filtering.1. focus. The provider as well as the user of the examination document.1. storage phosphor plate detector.5 Accept-Reject Criteria—A listing of the expected The SPIP. source-related variables that can affect the examination results X-ray sources may offer multiple or variable focal spot sizes.1 Equipment Qualifications—A listing of the system emanating from a smaller focal spot than do radioisotope features that must be qualified to ensure that the system is sources.1. tion system performance is determined by the combined mance is to be evaluated. but are not limited to.1. if any.0 mm are directional image processing parameters such as spatial useful at geometric magnifications up to approximately 2×. by a detailed procedure (see Section 6 and Annex A1 and 6. Microfocus X-ray plane distances. and uniformity of output.4 mm up to 1. Reducing the source size reduces 6. NAS-410. down to a few micrometers. E2033 − 99 (2013) 4.7 Image Archiving Requirements—A listing of the Annex A2). plate reader. kinds of part imperfections and the rejection level for each.8 Qualifications—Nondestructive testing (NDT) person- optimum system be selected for each examination requirement nel shall be qualified in accordance with a nationally recog- through a careful analysis of the benefits and limitations of the nized NDT personnel qualification practice or a standard such available system components and the chosen system configu. specification. quality. Greater means for qualifying image processing parameters. X-radiation is adjustable in energy and intensity to 6. for the selected system configuration such as: source energy.4 mm are and suppress them in others.2 A more complex system might include a microfocus either radioisotope or X-ray sources. 4. sufficient to configurations are possible. thereby enhancing detail sensitivity. a phosphor plate electronic image processing system. 7. requirements. portability. ments. The listing should indicate the useful at geometric magnifications up to about 6×. X-ray beam intensity.1 The purchaser and supplier shall mutually agree upon a safety feature of discontinued radiation production when written procedure using the applicable annex of supplemental switched off.1. shorter wave- lengths. wavelengths as well as the more penetrating. for preserving a historical record of the examination results. and an electronic imaging system with nation record archiving system. techniques 7.1 Factors Affecting System Performance—Total examina- for each application under consideration and how its perfor.1 The minimum system configuration will include an radiation source. a CRT display.0 mm and larger are such as noise reduction. or both. 7. 6. The provider and the user of examination and Measurement services shall agree upon the system configuration to be used 7. range of source to object distances.2 Conventional focal spots of 1.1.1 System Configuration—Different examination systems meric or audio narrative information. a digital image processing evaluation system. the X-radiation contains a blend of contrast enhancing longer and an image recording and printing system. 7. a storage phosphor imaging plate.2 Source Parameter—A listing of all the radiation geometric unsharpness. X-ray focal spot sizes range from a few millimeters capable of performing the desired examination. It is important that the 6. simplicity. differentiates CR from other radiologic methods. image display. SNT-TC-1A. and spatial useful at low geometric magnification values close to 1×. than 0. CR Examination System Performance Considerations tion of the part.1. or contract and must be supplemented ensure the system is suitable for its intended purpose. filtering. tubes are available with focal spots that may be adjusted to as 6. The listing may include examination 5. and linearity. The energy spectrum of X-ray system. Equipment images along with written or electronically recorded alphanu- 5.1.6 Performance Evaluation—A listing of the qualifica- is written so that it can be specified on the engineering tion tests and the intervals at which they are to be applied to drawing.1.1 Radiation Sources—Examination systems may utilize 5. niques and the intervals at which they are to be applied for Microfocus X-ray tubes are capable of focal spot sizes of less 2 .1 mm up to 0. and source to image higher X-ray intensity with lower resolution. which is the key component in the CR process. the advantages and limitations of each.4 Image Display Parameters—A listing of the tech. physical size. A radioisotope source has the advantages of small requirements and also consider the following general require. necessary to enhance fine detail X-ray beam of sufficient intensity so as to be useful for the CR detectability in the part and to achieve the required image examination of finely detailed parts. if any.1. focal spot size. and exami- detector. contrast enhancement.3 Image Processing Parameters—A listing of the image small as a few micrometers in diameter while still producing an processing variables.1. Great care should be exercised in the selection of Fractional focal spots ranging from 0. which may emphasize features in certain orientations Minifocus spots in the range from 0.1 The X-.1. a plate reader. Significance and Use standardizing the video image display as to brightness. performance of the system components that includes the 5. This practice 6. and it is important to understand allow subsequent reevaluation or repetition of the examination. appropriate source of penetrating radiation. Smaller focal spots produce higher resolution with reduced intensity. while larger focal spots can provide range of object to image plane distances. gamma-ray detector discussed in this practice is contrast. hereafter referred to as SPIP.1 mm to minimize the effects of geometric unsharpness. General Procedure Considerations meet the CR examination requirements and has the added 6. magnifications suggest the use of a microfocus spot size of less 6.1. These would include.
1.6 Examination Record Archiving System—Many appli.7. It has the function of converting the radiation input operator identification.1 through 7. and so forth (as applicable).4. features to be detected or may be fabricated to simulate the part 7. The SPIP is a two-dimensional area detector providing an serial number. Examination record data should be in accordance internal to the part. with a suitable range of representative features. monitoring tests. archival storage properties.1 Performance Measurement Intervals—System perfor- 7. in operation.1 Examination system designation. Performance measurement methods are a matter of tion as certain feature orientations are emphasized while others agreement between the provider and user. examination date.1 Film or paper radiographs of the part made under the part with known features that are representative of the range of same conditions as the examination image. element.1.2 Photograph of the actual image display. This 7. The IQIs should archiving system has its own peculiarities as to image quality. system.1. natural defects 7.1. they are expected to occur in the actual part.1. Selection of IQI thickness should be consistent of the archival method should be sufficient to demonstrate the with the thickness of the part along the radiation path length. two or more CR systems is required. results of the prescribed examination system performance ing this signal to a digital format. operating turn or shift.2 Measurement with IQIs—System performance mea- examination. 7.2 Specific examination data as to part number.6. to minimize the possibility of time-dependent perfor- 7.3 CRT hard copy device used to create a paper copy the RQI may contain known imperfections that have been image from the CRT signal. The RQIs should approximate the part as closely as is image of the part digitally.1. are suppressed.5. and ambient sufficiently frequent intervals.6. 7. practical.4. must be given special atten. The reproduction quality least sensitivity. 7.1. Examination record data must be reliably detected in the actual parts in locations where should be recorded contemporaneously with the CR examina.6.4 System performance monitoring by recording the light.1.3 SPIP Reader—The SPIP reader has the function of reference to unique part features within the field of view. providing the following minimum data: 7.2 The electronic imaging processing system includes examination system performance can be made with the system all of the electronics and interfaces after the SPIP reader.1. at the beginning and 7. and other signal containing part information into a corresponding optical pertinent and customer data. converting the light to an electronic signal. The best measure of total CR 7. as set forth in Section 5.3 The digital image processing system warrants spe.1.1. RQI. tion.2 SPIP—The storage phosphor imaging plate is a key 7. information will be interpreted. in which case the basis of these and other pertinent parameters.7 Examination Record Data—The examination record dimensions and features in the area of interest.5 Image Display: mance measurement techniques should be standardized so that 7. similar to the part under actual operating conditions. with Guide E1475 and may be in writing or a voice narrative. Directional spatial Indicators (IQIs) may be used in place of. E2033 − 99 (2013) than 10 µm (10–8 m) and are useful for geometric magnifica. be placed on the part as close as possible to the area of interest. and media cost. spatial resolution.5. collecting the emitted 7. it is permissible to produce the RQI in 3 . Each industry standards describing the use of IQIs.4 Digital recording on magnetic disk or tape used to are useful on a single-task basis. and optically scanning the imaging plate. being made of the same material with similar 7. 7.5 Digital recording on optical disk used to store the used. area field of view. Manufactured should contain sufficient information to allow the examination RQIs should include features at least as small as those that to be reevaluated or duplicated. Alternatively.3 Part orientation and examination site information by 7. batch. Where features are tion image.2 Performance Measurement—System performance pa- system is to take the output of the SPIP reader and present a rameters must be determined initially and monitored regularly digital file for image display and operator interpretation.1.1.4 Electronic Imaging Processing System: end of a series of examinations. verified independently. as agreed upon wire diameter axis shall be oriented along the system’s axis of by the provider and user of services.7. indicates the use of an actual or simulated part containing cial attention because it is the means by which examination actual or simulated features that must be reliably detected.7.1 The function of the electronic imaging processing 7.2. to ensure consistent results.1. equipment. as agreed upon by the supplier lighting are important system considerations. tions of more than 100×. mance variations.7.3 Measurement with RQIs—The RQI may be an actual 7.1. Where standardization among store the image of the part digitally. the filtering operations.1.6.6.1. The archiving system may take many forms. signal while preserving the maximum amount of part informa.1 The function of the image display is to convey performance measurement tests may be readily duplicated at information about the part to the system operator.1. same image quality as was used to qualify the examination IQIs are described in Practices E747 and E1025. a surement using IQIs shall be in accordance with accepted few of which are listed in 7. magnification. The image specified intervals. 7.4. RQIs containing known.2. 7.1.6. cations require an archival quality examination record of the 7.1. System performance should be evaluated at display size. and user. Great care must be exercised in Such an RQI will provide a reliable indication of the system’s determining which image processing techniques are most capabilities. then convert. a duplicate RQI should be 7.1. The The use of wire-type IQIs should also take into account that the examination record archiving system should be chosen on the system may exhibit asymmetrical sensitivity.6.2. for example. utilizing a representative quality indicator (RQI) including image enhancement and image display. or in addition to. Conventional wire or plaque-type Image Quality beneficial for the particular application.
1 Records and reports are a matter of agreement between 7. The recommendations of the pairs/mm.2 and 7.1.2.3. digital. Keywords used to make more frequent periodic system performance 11.2. A proper examination environment will take into account examination. resolution and contrast sensitivity values. to determine and track performance in terms of spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity. If an examination record archiving shall be conducted in a manner similar to the performance requirement exists. 7. obtain a usable line pair test pattern image brightness. Reports. city.1. The step wedge is used to 8. access. 7.2. Examination Interpretation and Acceptance Criteria may be used.1 Examination procedures shall be carried out under same energy and intensity levels as are used for the CR protective conditions so that personnel will not receive radia- technique.3 Accept/Reject Criteria—Accept/reject criteria is a mat- both the thickest and the thinnest material sections to be ter of contractual agreement between the user and the supplier. This may be done by first evalu- user and supplier.2 Personnel Qualification—The supplier and user should evaluate system contrast sensitivity. 7.1 A calibrated line pair test pattern and step wedge 8. storage phosphor im- contrast sensitivity checks must be correlated with IQI or RQI aging plate 4 . In the 9. E2033 − 99 (2013) sections. if so desired. Safety Conditions a useful level.2. and noise level 7.4. focal spot size.2. digital image processing Environmental conditions conducive to human comfort and parameters.2. information that should be a part of an archival examination It is permissible to adjust the X-ray energy and intensity to record. and a National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement thick-section contrast sensitivity of 2 % is considered to have (NCRP) Standard should be the guide to radiation safety.2 The step wedge must be made of the same material and rest periods. tion dose levels exceeding that permitted by company. and 97 % of 8. energy or intensity may not be adjusted. computed radiology. examined.1 Interpretation—Interpretation is performed by an opera- pair test pattern is used without an additional absorber to tor in a typical CR environment. display. dust.4 A system that exhibits a spatial resolution of 3 line state. refer to 7. an equivalent performance level of 3 .5 The line pair test pattern and the step wedge may be 11. which outlines the necessary measurements for the IQI or RQI set forth in 7. detector.2.2 Example records and reports in digital format can be case of a radioisotope or X-ray generating system where the found in Guide E1475. and other system variables utilized for examination concentration will promote examination efficiency and reliabil- of the RQI shall be identical to those used for the actual ity. The thinner steps shall be contiguous to their respective 100 % section thicknesses to facilitate discerning 9. 98. temperature.2. additional filtration may be added at the radiation source to reduce the contrast to 10.2. processor.2 or 7. Other thickness steps are Material permissible upon agreement between the user and the supplier.3.2. 9.3.3 lp/mm. source. reach an agreement as to operator qualifications.4. including duty 7. Records. 7. lighting. checks than required in accordance with 7.3 7. evaluate system spatial resolution.2 % . ating system measurement in accordance with 7. a thin-section contrast sensitivity of 3 %. Resolution and examination.1 analog.4.7.2. Proper reduced lighting intensity is extremely impor- Wedge: tant to provide for high-contrast glare-free viewing of images. The line 8.2. as the part with steps representing 100. RQIs are described in Practice E1817. RQI details are a matter of agreement between the performance measurements. 7. and Identification of Accepted the minimum visible thickness step.2.2 Examination Techniques—Radiation beam energy.3 The line pair test pattern and the step wedge tests the user and the supplier.1 Use of an RQI—The RQI should be placed into the and immediately thereafter determining the equivalent spatial system in the same position as the actual part.2. or national regulations. image.4. Contrast sensitivity shall be evaluated at the 10. 99.4. humidity.4 Use of Calibrated Line Pair Test Pattern and Step factors.5 Importance of Proper Environmental Conditions— intensity. enlargement.
A1. However. electronic systems.1. the record retention period. conducted for process verification or information only and are components.3. and test equipment. or assembly that is inspection coverage. A1.3. vehicles. of time not less than five years from the examination date or as A1. with Practice E2033. annex shall supersede applicable laws and regulations unless a with additional CR training and experience or in conjunction specific exemption has been obtained from the cognizant with an individual having the necessary training and experi- authorities. state.2 Referenced Documents the preparation of a written procedure. until specific requirements are included. specified herein.8 part—the material.3. The A1. the CR examination A1. such as aircraft.2 Application—This annex provides guidelines for a Defense for system/equipment. Should tanks. of SNT-TC-1A. cited in the contract document. written procedure as required in 6.10 written procedure—a series of steps that are to be requirements of this annex are intended to control the quality of followed in a regular definite order. Efficient drawings.3. greater throughput. then this annex takes precedence. follow the written procedure to consistently obtain the desired Accept/reject criteria are provided in other contract documents. personnel shall receive the minimum dosage and shall in no case exceed federal. A1.3.1 of Practice E2033. record shall contain the results of mandatory examinations. or government agency that procures CR exami- The examination record shall be suitably archived for a period nation services.5 mandatory examination requirements—those CR ex. the development of examination techniques.1 ASTM Standards: E1742 Practice for Radiographic Examination3 A1.4.4. and the overall implementation of the examination tween the text of this annex and the references listed in A1.7 optional examination—those examinations that are on.2. if tested in groups.1. and other information in.3 Archival Recording of Mandatory Examination— When required by contractual agreement.2. provided a satisfactory level of image quality can be demonstrated. ships.2. and local radiation safety codes shall simulated part containing actual or simulated features that must be adhered to.1 representative quality indicator (RQI)— an actual or Applicable federal.2. A1. It permits the use of.1 In addition to those documents referenced in Prac- A1.3. and assemblies. Scope A1. the following standards are applicable to the extent specified in Terminology E1316.2 Government Standards—Unless otherwise stated.2 Safety—The performance of the examination shall A1. scan plans. The examination record shall be A1. A1. state. A1.3 contracting agency—a prime contractor. SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS A1.1 Purpose—This annex is to be used in conjunction the providing of nondestructive examination services. and gives guidance A1. when specified in the contract not a part of the required radiologic examination specified in documents. guns and missiles. or improved inspec.2 component—the part or parts described. or equivalent.3.4 contract documents—the procuring contract and all may otherwise be required in the contract documents.3. and local limits.1. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTS. E2033 − 99 (2013) ANNEXES (Mandatory Information) A1. CR for new applications as well as to replace radiology when A1. standards. results and image quality level when performing the examina- tion. ground support. batch or lot number. the subject of the examination. or processed to the extent specified by the drawing.2. nothing in this supervision of a qualified SNT-TC-1A Level III.9 prime contractor—a contractor having responsibility for the design control and delivery to the Department of A1.1.1 Personnel Qualification—Personnel shall be quali- the issues of these documents are those listed in the Defense fied and certified in accordance with the general requirements Index of Specifications and Standards (DODISS). Terminology present no hazards to the safety of personnel or property. tem qualification. component.3.6 NDT facility—the organization that is responsible for A1. ground communications and the requirements in this annex conflict with any other require.3. Mandatory examina- tions specified in the contract documents. A1. Sys- ment thereto. tion economics can be obtained. subcontractor. A1. 5 . in accordance with this annex shall be under the control and this annex shall take precedence.2 Order of Precedence—In the event of conflict be. The requirements described herein allow the use of the contract documents. the implementation of CR examination for materials. All procedures shall be performed so that be reliably detected. engines.3. and supple.11 Other definitions not given herein shall be as tice E2033. The development of a technique should usually precede A1. specifications. examination record recall shall be available at any time over cluded with or referred to by the procuring contract.1. ments of Practice E2033. ence in CR examination.4 General Requirements A1.3. A1. tions shall be specified in the contract documents. assembled. The system operator shall the examination and not to specify the accept/reject criteria.4.1. traceable to the part (by serial number or other means) or to the aminations that are a part of the required radiologic examina.
and A1.4.4.5. view or other situations where it is not practical to place the IQI 6 . is as specified in the contract docu- determined from the contract documents.3. ensure the effective and repeatable examination of the part. An IQI or RQI may current or source isotopic identification and intensity and the not be required for the following CR examinations: focal spot or source size for each required view.5.5. A1.10 The inspection geometry and coverage for each A1. mounting block. Where required. ments.5. expressed in must be chosen with care to demonstrate the CR system’s terms of the radiation field dimensions on the source side of the ability to detect discontinuities or other features that are of part. procedure.4. The nent that shows the radiation beam axis. A1. A1. at or near the part location. A1. tion of parts into zones for various accept/reject criteria shall be A1.5 Added radiation source collimation. A1. an alternate method such as an RQI may be used.5.4.4. including honeycomb areas for the detection level. in component parts. storage and handling shall be in accordance with Guides E1453 A1.2.4.3 Part Examination—The number of parts to be ex- A1. The recording media shall be capable of maintaining following information: the required image quality for the required record storage A1.5.6 Detector field of view for each required view.2.2. provided the required requirements of Practice E1742.4.3. Image quality assessment shall be performed using the same system parameters as in the inspection and as docu- A1.4. Practices E1025 plaque-type.2. can be met.2. for each required view.3 Recording Media Storage Conditions—Media thickness. and potted assemblies for A1. including size.2.5.3. If not specified. for mandatory image storage.2 Image Recording Media—The CR image shall be Those portions of the contract document that specify and detail recorded on a medium that is appropriate to the examination the examination shall become an appendix to the written requirement. loose or missing elements.5. if an image is may be used to replace or augment existing radiologic utilized in the accept/reject decision-making process. measured from the of the part orientation and beam energy. for each required view.7 Detector diaphragm settings. or photograph of the compo- period or not less than five years from the recording date. the the NDT facility to develop a written examination procedure to repeating of the examination. E2033 − 99 (2013) A1. The applications. Such settings include. The written procedure shall include as a minimum the qualified.1 Application Qualification: A1.5. broken processor variables. The selected IQI or RQI A1.4 Image Quality Indicators—Image quality indicators A1.1 The IQI may be placed on the part or on a A1.4.5. A1.5. but are not limited to. shown. solder balls.5. A1.4.1 New Applications—CR may be used when appro.4.4.2. A1.11 Type of IQI or RQI used and the required quality or in assemblies.4 Image Quality.8 The allowable range of radiation energy and beam shall be detailed in the written procedure. if used.9 Added beam filtration.5.3 Examinations of electronic components for tion. if necessary.4 Other CR examinations. The recorded image shall reference the examina. date when the last image was recorded.4.2 Examinations to show material details or contrast required view.2 Written Procedure—It shall be the responsibility of review of the examination results and. the written zones have been covered. expressed in terms of application.2 A physical description of the part.5. interest.13 The recording media and storage image format broken internal components or missing potting compound.2.2.2 Replacement of Existing Radiologic record for mandatory examinations shall include the written Applications—When agreed to by the contracting officer. weight.5 Where the use of an IQI is impractical or amined and the coverage required for each part shall be ineffective.5 Detailed Requirements mented in the written procedure. sketch.2.4 Part masking. following the priate for new examination requirements.4. and E1475. A1.5. including image quality.5. specified in the contract documents.2. for each required view. and or misplaced wires or connectors. of fabrication irregularities or the presence or absence of A1.5 Classification of Part Zones for CR—The classifica. shall receive 100 % coverage as detailed in the written proce- A1. and composition.5.1 A drawing. and applicable IQI or RQI for each and all variations the duration of the record storage period. provided that the part features of interest are recorded image shall be provided with such additional infor. all parts subject to the approval of the contracting agency. mation as may be required to allow the subsequent off-line A1.3 Classification of the part into zones.2. between two or more dissimilar materials.1. image contamination. include an IQI or RQI. A1.4. The recorded image shall provide an procedure shall be approved by the contracting agency prior to image quality at least equal to that for which the system is use.1 When performing CR to identify adequate defect A1. In the case of small fields of performance. are all acceptable unless a particular IQI or RQI is field of view at the detector. specified in the contract documents.12 All hardware and software settings that can be material.5. position(s) of the image record shall be maintained in an operable condition for detector. the final acceptance examination shall view.2. dure.5. to match the A1.4. CR results of the examination and the CR image. and E1817 RQIs with real or simulated defects. if used. The written procedure must be approved by the tion zones in such a way that the reviewer can confirm that all Level III of the NDT facility.1. for each required removal or grind-out.1 Examination Record—The recorded examination A1.5. A1. E747 wire-type IQIs. changed by the operator to affect the outcome of the examina- A1.
the orientation and ined using the correct procedure. Special instructions. or rework as explanatory nature and is not mandatory.4. The qualification statement shall be repaired area shall be identified with R1. including. closely matched to the response of the human eye. such cordance with Section 7 of Practice E2033 applies. orientation of the part and the location of part features relative A1. using a contrast sensitivity gage. the IQI may be imaged immediately before and positive identification of the part to the archival inspection after the part examination. as storage for other periods of time. The before and after IQI images shall location markers shall be placed on the part so that the be considered a part of interpretation and archiving purposes.14 Detailed Data—The supplier of examination ser- System requalification shall be required whenever image vices shall keep the written procedure.11 Identification—A means shall be provided for the X-ray beam.13 Surface Preparation—Parts may be inspected with- checked for performance before each day’s production usage. and sub- method involves comparing the part feature with a known. A1. the part shall be reexam- comparison with a known length. E2033 − 99 (2013) in the field of view with the part and maintain it normal to the A1. If the reexamination was caused by equipment to meet initial qualification contrast sensitivity requirements malfunction.5. posted on the system. at the part identification.8. assembly.10 Timing of Examination—The examination shall be A1. or having the records A1. such as 7 .5. A1. appropriately identified as discrepant. However.5. This requirement does agency.5.7 Image Interpretation—System qualification in ac. gray-scale range. In no case shall the interval between qualifica. image processing. A log shall be maintained to document of the image.16 Retention of Examination Records—Mandatory ex- of the next qualification procedure or the expiration of the amination records and associated images shall be stored in a archival image retention period. qualification quality requirements can no longer be met. the written procedure shall include methodology for determining and maintaining the A1.5. If the problem is not resolved position along the X-ray beam (magnification) of both the by reexamination. but not limited to. A1. electronic components and some materials.5.12 Locating the Examination Areas—Whenever more invalid if the before and after IQI images fail to demonstrate than one image is required for a weldment or other part. For systems until the malfunction is repaired and the equipment is requali- using human image assessment.5.1 This section contains information of a general or performed at the time of manufacturing. discretion of the Level III. fied in the contract documents shall be separated from accept- A1. mitted for material review when required by the contract observable dimension. if A1. or similar device made of the part or IQI material. other IQIs or an RQI with natural or artificial flaws not apply to the examination of simple or small shapes where may be used instead of the specified IQI. surement from the image is required.5. Batch quantities of similar parts record. (Warning—Active required by the contract documents.5. for five years from the examination date.6. The examination results shall be A1. Each tion tests exceed one year.15 Reexamination of Repairs—When a repair has been and image display subsystems shall be cause for system performed.5.5 Examination Image Control—The system shall be A1. Archived images shall be annotated to agree with the need not have IQI images made between each part. proper repository at the contractor’s plant for five years from A1. if necessary. which must be wholly within the field documents. and the signed inspection reports or tabulated results. Reference of such measurements.5. R3. image forming. be maintained in the system equipment file until the completion A1. or both.6 Notes A1. Many digital image processors facilitate this type of A1. the equipment may not be returned to service for image quality shall be recorded and monitored. step wedge. The results of the qualification tests shall to indicate the number of times repair was performed.2 With written permission from the contracting to the field of view may be established. The as to the ability to interpret the results because of improper pixel number is often converted to engineering units by execution or equipment malfunction. shall be specified in the contract documents. the repaired areas shall be reexamined using the requalification. whichever is longer.8 Feature Size Determination—Where feature mea- destroyed.18 Reexamination—When there is a reasonable doubt measurement by counting pixels over the feature length. out surface preparation. A1. any changes in system performance requiring changes in operating parameters and listing all equipment maintenance.5. the radiation source. except when required to remove using the method and devices that were initially used to qualify surface conditions that may interfere with proper interpretation the written procedure.5. documentation. the part orientation and coverage is not in question. The written A1.9 Gray-Scale Range—The gray-scale range required possible. and so forth. of view.5. same technique to evaluate the effectiveness of the repair. image transmission. it is particularly important that fied to the current qualification requirements in accordance the gray-scale range and the number of gray-scale steps be with Section 7 of Practice E2033. making backup copies. system components.1 Feature Measurement by Comparison—This able material. the procedure shall be reviewed by the Level feature and the calibrating reference length affect the accuracy III of the NDT facility and adjusted. exposures may be made using conventional film radiography.19 Part Marking—The marking of parts shall be as procedure shall include a means for monitoring the required specified in Practice E1742.17 Rejection of Parts—Parts containing defects speci- accuracy of the selected measurement method. A1.6 Repair of System—Repair or replacement of key unless otherwise specified in the contract documents. the date from which they were made. the required sensitivity. R2. copying the records to other media.5.5.5.
2 Application—This annex satisfies the requirements (CR) examination services.1.9 part—the material.2. that are to be followed in a regular simulated part containing actual or simulated features that must definite order.1 of Practice E2033. specified in Terminology E1316. great care must be exercised in trying the minimum defect size. or other entity that provides computed radiology A2.1 Human Factors—The success of examinations that should be exercised in applying digital image-processing involve human image interpretation are.6. Measures should also be aspects whereby features in one direction are emphasized while implemented to ensure that fatigue does not interfere with those in the orthogonal direction are de-emphasized.2.1 Personnel Qualification—NDT personnel shall be When an examination is required. This annex includes application-specific the contract documents. subject to human factors.1. especially to assess part feature dimensions from a two-dimensional those of a planar nature. details as may be agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier of CR examination services. of 6. E2033 − 99 (2013) tetrafluoroethylene.2. provider and user of CR examination services may be a part of the same organization or different organizations. the achievement of the required IQI sensitivity A1. NONGOVERNMENT CONTRACT SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS A2.2.2. and are a part of the required examinations specified in the contract the overall implementation of an examination in accordance documents.2. manufacture. and delivery of an end item.1.7 optional examination—those examinations that are conducted for process verification or information only and are A2.12 Other definitions not given herein shall be as drawings. radiography.2. or NAS-410. should be avoided. A2.4 Feature Size Determination—As with conven- does not guarantee the ability to find all discontinuities down to tional film radiography.6. System qualification.3 contract documents—the procuring contract and all A2. Should this annex conflict with any other requirements of Practice E2033.1. the contractor is the user of qualified in accordance with a nationally recognized NDT examination services. component. qualified Level III with additional training and experience or in zation that is responsible for providing nondestructive exami. ) A1. scan plans. Many discontinuities. A2. Careful attention should For example. cautions are intended to cause the careful evaluation of digital A1.2 component—the part or parts described. specifications.3 General Requirements A2.1. For this projected view. or assembly that is The requirements of this annex are intended to control the the subject of the examination. 8 .3 Use of Image-Processing Techniques—Care A1. subcontractor.8 provider of CR services—a contractor.2. quality of the examination and not to specify the accept/reject A2. with this annex shall be under the control and supervision of a A2.6 nondestructive testing (NDT) facility— the organi.6. Scope A2.11 written procedure—a written series of steps.1 Purpose—This annex is to be used in conjunction not a part of the required radiologic examinations specified in with Practice E2033. A2.4 contractor—a contractor having first-level responsi- bility for the design. such as SNT-TC- 1A.2 Use of IQI(s)—As with conventional film image-processing techniques and not to discourage their use.2. Terminology A2.2.1 representative quality indicator (RQI)— an actual or scribing the examination. Accept/reject criteria are provided in other other entity that procures CR examination services. procedure to consistently obtain the desired results and image quality level when performing the examination.2. A2. The system operator shall follow the written be reliably detected.10 user of CR services—a contractor. and other information in.5 mandatory examination—those examinations that the development of examination techniques. ment of a technique usually precedes the preparation of a or processed to the extent specified by the drawing. or criteria for the part. like other radiological techniques to evaluate the overall effect upon image quality.2.1. Operation of the system. A2. conjunction with an individual having the necessary training nation services. Some spatial filters have directional image interpretation as possible. A2. are subject to radiation damage if exposed reason. the use of RQIs with real or simulated discontinuities to large doses of radiation. A2. While normal examinations should may more accurately characterize the ability of the system to cause no problem. ANSI/ASNT CP-189.2. Such correct and consistent image interpretation.3. cluded with or referred to by the procuring contract. personnel qualification practice or standard. to make it as conducive to correct. subcontractor. A2. techniques. extended periods of radiation exposure detect orientation-sensitive discontinuities. and experience in CR examination. standards. consistent other brightness ranges. contrast enhancement techniques may emphasize be given to the human environment where image interpretation contrast in one brightness range while decreasing contrast in takes place. this annex shall prevail. are very orientation sensitive.6. de- A2. written procedure. The contract documents. assembled. The develop- A2.1.
following examinations: A2. condition for the duration of the record storage period mea.2 Written Procedure—It shall be the responsibility of results of the examination and the image.2.2 Image Recording Media—The image shall be re.4.2. Efficient examination record recall shall be avail. This requirement will not apply to optional ing image quality. if necessary. A2. state. the written A2.3. A2. A2. for each required are all acceptable unless a specific IQI is specified in the view. appropriate for new as well as existing radiologic examination nation record shall be traceable to the part by serial number or requirements. an alternate method such as an RQI may be used.3.2. Practices current or source isotopic identification and intensity and the E1025 plaque-type. including size. but are not limited to.4. The written procedure shall include as a minimum the requirement.9 Added beam filtration. E747 wire-type IQIs.2.2.5 Added radiation source collimation. In cases in which no federal. terms of the radiation field dimensions on the source side of the amination record is not in fulfillment of mandatory archival part for each required view.4. other recording methods and media A2. includ- other means. following information: tion zones in such a way that the reviewer can confirm that all A2.4.3. Appli.2 A physical description of the part.2. recorded image playback shall be maintained in an operable A2. changed by the operator to affect the outcome of the examina- However. All procedures shall be performed so that personnel parts into zones for various accept/reject criteria shall be shall receive the minimum dosage and in no case exceed determined from the contract documents. storage and handling shall be in accordance with Guide E1453.2. procedure. The written procedure must be written or approved tion. sured from the date when the last image was recorded.1 Application Qualification—CR may be used when able at any time over the record retention period.2.1 A drawing. qualified Level II personnel.3.4. A2. for each required view.4. shall be made by A2. Such settings include.4.3. jects. The exami.2. indicate in writing that no formal accept/reject criteria was sults for mandatory examinations. 9 . E2033 − 99 (2013) including interpretation of the image. The recording media shall be capable of maintaining part orientation. weight.6 Detector field of view for each required view. A2. level. The recorded image shall reference the examina.10 The inspection geometry and coverage for each in the written procedure but may not be required for the required view. When required. by the Level III of the NDT facility. This requirement may be the required image quality for the required record storage expressed in coordinates for automated systems having cali- period or not less than five years from the recording date.3.4 Part masking.3. position(s) of the image quality at least equal to that for which the system is detector and applicable IQI for each and all variations of the qualified.12 All hardware and software settings that can be A2. The recorded image shall provide an nent that shows the radiation beam axis.2.3. with real or simulated discontinuities that match the application A2.3. record for mandatory examinations shall include the written A2. When CR is used to replace or examinations that are not specified in the contract documents.5 Classification of Part Zones—The classification of adhered to. and beam energy. shall be suitably archived for a period of one year after the date of examination or for a longer time if specified in the contract A2. or photograph of the compo- zones have been covered. may be used.3.4.3 Recording Media Storage Conditions—Media A2.3 Classification of part into zones.4.1 Examination Record—The recorded examination interest will be shown. recording requirements. The selected IQI or RQI shall be detailed A2. ineffective.2 Safety—Performance of the examination shall pres.4. if an image is utilized the NDT facility to develop a written examination procedure to in the accept/reject decision-making process.4.8 The allowable range of radiation energy and beam detect discontinuities or other features of interest. repeating the examina.4. state. cable federal.3. expressed in terms of A2.3.4. A2. chosen with care to demonstrate the CR system’s ability to A2. if used. and local limits. expressed in A2.4 Image Quality Indicators (IQI)—An IQI must be field of view at the detector for each required view.3.2. and E1817 RQIs focal spot or source size for each required view.4. and composition. and local radiation safety codes shall be A2. The brated manipulation systems.2 For adequate defect removal or grind-out.4.7 Detector diaphragm settings. processor variables.3.4 Detailed Requirements documents. subject to the approval of the contracting agency. if used.4. the final acceptance examination shall include an IQI tion.1 Examining assemblies for debris or foreign ob. the Level III of the NDT A2.3 Optional examinations. the part features of A2. The examination record provided. procedure shall be approved by the contracting agency prior to corded on a media that is appropriate to the examination use. image shall be provided with such additional information as Those portions of the contract document that specify and detail may be required to allow the subsequent off-line review of the CR examination shall become an appendix to the written examination results and. accept/reject criteria is specified.3. image or RQI. ent no hazards to the safety of personnel or property.3. provided that the required performance. sketch. The recorded ensure the effective and repeatable examination of the part.4.4 Where the use of a specified IQI is impractical or A2.4. contract documents. A2. augment existing radiologic applications.11 Type of IQI or RQI used and the required quality A2.4 Other Recording—When the recording of the ex. can be met.3 Archival Recording of Mandatory CR facility shall document those anomalies considered critical and Examinations—The examination record shall contain the re.2.
A2. ments. the repaired areas shall be reexamined using the shall be maintained in the system equipment file at least until same CR technique to evaluate the effectiveness of the repair.14 Detailed Data—The provider of CR examination system components. appropriately identified as discrepant. and so of the archival image retention period.4. to indicate the number of times repair was performed. image processing. If not specified. tion tests exceed one year. The written dure. The CR examination results shall be invalid if the A2.4.4.4. or having the records accuracy of the selected measurement method. performed at the time of manufacturing. In the case of small fields of view or other situations where it is not practical to A2. such as surement from the image is required. Both before and after IQI images constitute the location markers shall be placed on the part so that the part image for CR image interpretation and archiving purposes. amination records and associated CR images shall be stored in a proper repository at the contractor’s plant for one year from A2. image forming. E2033 − 99 (2013) A2.4. shall include methodology for determining and maintaining the copying the records to other media. A2. step wedge. but not limited to.5 Examination Image Control—The system shall be does not apply to the examination of simple or small shapes checked for performance before each day’s production usage. The results of the qualification tests performed.4.1 Feature Measurement by Comparison—This sec- ond method involves comparing the part feature with a known.15 Reexamination of Repairs—When repair has been posted on the CR system.4.4.4.8. closely matched to the response of the human eye.4. or rework as A2. whichever is longer. it is particularly important that specified in the contract documents. and the signed examination reports or tabu- and image display subsystems.9 Gray-Scale Range—The gray-scale range required mandatory image storage. destroyed shall be specified in the contract documents. Also.4. mounting block at or near the part location. R2. comparison with a known length.3 Part Examination—The number of parts to be ex. including. A2. A2. A2. the written procedure. A log shall be maintained to document any changes in system performance requiring changes in A2.4. questionable parts being confused with acceptable ones.7 Image Interpretation—System qualification in ac. the IQI may be imaged immediately record.4. otherwise specified in the contract documents. the qualification source.4 Image Quality—As specified in the contract docu. for image quality shall be recorded and monitored. making backup copies.4. The qualification statement shall be A2.10 Timing of Examination—The examination shall be mode as that used for the inspection. where the part orientation is obvious and coverage is not in using the method and devices that were initially used to qualify question.4.11 Identification—A means shall be provided for the place the IQI in the field of view with the part and maintain it positive identification of the part to the archival inspection normal to the X-ray beam. to meet initial qualification contrast sensitivity requirements A2.13 The recording media and stored image format for A2. forth. Archived images shall be annotated to agree with the before and after the part examination or batch of parts if they part identification. Image quality assessment shall be made in the same A2. the radiation services shall keep the written procedure. this requirement A2. R3.17 Rejection of Parts—Parts containing defects speci- observable dimension that must be wholly within the field of fied in the contract documents shall be separated from accept- view.12 Locating the Examination Areas—Whenever more before and after IQI images fail to demonstrate the required than one image is required for a weldment or other part. the orientation and A2. documentation. all parts the gray-scale range and the number of gray-scale steps be shall receive 100 % coverage as detailed in the written proce. and sub- measurement by counting pixels over the feature length. image quality. Many digital image processors facilitate this type of able material. However. Special instructions. For systems amined and the coverage required for each part shall be using human image assessment. are similar.13 Surface Preparation—Parts may be examined operating parameters and listing all equipment maintenance. without surface preparation except as may be required to System requalification shall be required whenever image remove surface conditions that may interfere with proper quality requirements can no longer be met.4.4. 10 .4. or similar device made of the part or IQI material.18 Part Disposition—Parts that have undergone ex- position along the X-ray beam (magnification) of both the amination shall be marked or physically separated in such a feature and the calibrating reference length affect the accuracy manner so as to minimize the possibility of rejected or of such measurements. interpretation of the image.2. A2. orientation of the part and the location of part features relative to the field of view may be established.4. the written procedure storage for other periods of time. The mitted for material review when required by the contract pixel number is often converted to engineering units by documents. image transmission.6 Repair of System—Repair or replacement of key A2.16 Retention of Examination Record—Mandatory ex- cordance with Section 7 of Practice E2033 applies.4. completion of the next qualification procedure or the expiration Each repaired area shall be identified with R1. assembly. shall be cause for system lated results for five years from the examination date unless requalification. procedure shall include a means for monitoring the required gray-scale range using a contrast sensitivity gage.1 The IQI may be placed on the part or on a required by the contract documents.8 Feature Size Determination—When feature mea- the date on which they were made. In no case shall the interval between qualifica.
West Conshohocken. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards. E2033 − 99 (2013) ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm. United States. PA 19428-2959. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights. which you may attend.astm. are entirely their own responsibility. 610-832-9555 (fax). Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. 100 Barr Harbor Drive.org/ COPYRIGHT/). Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee. or service@astm. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised. and the risk of infringement of such rights. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone).org (e-mail). at the address shown below. 11 . or through the ASTM website (www. either reapproved or withdrawn. PO Box C700. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International.
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