Source: https://openjurist.org/955/f2d/48/united-states-v-morales
Timestamp: 2019-12-16 13:32:04
Document Index: 784398289

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 841', '§ 1291', '§ 2', '§ 2', '§ 2', '§ 851', '§ 841']

955 F2d 48 United States v. Morales | OpenJurist
955 F. 2d 48 - United States v. Morales
955 F2d 48 United States v. Morales
Jeffrey MORALES, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 90-10180.
Jeffrey Morales appeals his sentence under the Sentencing Guidelines upon his guilty plea to one count of conspiracy to manufacture and distribute methamphetamine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846. He was sentenced to 135 months imprisonment and 4 years supervised release. He contends that the district court erred by increasing his base offense level for firearm possession because (1) his shotgun was not connected to the offense and (2) the district court did not enhance a co-defendant's sentence for firearm possession. He also contends that the district court erred by considering two prior convictions. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
We review the district court's firearm possession finding for clear error. United States v. Garcia, 909 F.2d 1346, 1349 (9th Cir.1990). The district court has authority to increase a defendant's base offense level by two levels "[i]f a dangerous weapon (including a firearm) was possessed during commission of the offense." U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1). "The adjustment should be applied if the weapon was present, unless it is clearly improbable that the weapon was connected with the offense." U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 comment. n. 3; see Garcia, 909 F.2d at 1349 (connection not clearly improbable where firearm was found under floormat in car used during drug sale); United States v. Heldberg, 907 F.2d 91, 93-94 (9th Cir.1990) (same, handgun in briefcase in trunk of car used to smuggle drugs); United States v. Restrepo, 884 F.2d 1294, 1296 (9th Cir.1989) (same, loaded pistol under mattress of bed in room used for drug transactions).
There is no question that the shotgun was present. See U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 comment. n. 3. Morales contends, however, that defense counsel's statement regarding his projected testimony about the shotgun's decorative function showed that it was clearly improbable that the shotgun was connected to the offense. See id. The district court did not clearly err by believing the probation officer's statement that Morales had made a contrary admission during a presentence interview. See Garcia, 909 F.2d at 1349. Accordingly, we affirm the section 2D1.1(b)(1) upward adjustment based on Morales's possession of the shotgun. See id. We therefore do not reach the issue whether Morales was denied due process because the district court found insufficient evidence to support a firearm enhancement for Moren based on the handgun.
Morales also contends that the district court erred by calculating his criminal history score based on two prior convictions for which the government failed to file an information pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 851(a)(1). The procedural requirements of section 851(a)(1) apply only when the government seeks statutory penalties pursuant to 21 U.S.C. §§ 841-58; they do not apply when the defendant is sentenced under the Sentencing Guidelines. United States v. McDougherty, 920 F.2d 569, 574 (9th Cir.1990), cert. denied, 111 S.Ct. 1119 (1991). Accordingly, Morales's contention lacks merit.