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SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD - PDF
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Alban Michael Curtis
1 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J403 Issued Revised Superseding J403 JUN2000 REV. NOV2001 s of SAE Carbon Steels 1. Scope In 1941, the SAE Iron and Steel Division, in collaboration with the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), made a major change in the method of expressing composition ranges for the SAE steels. The plan, as now applied, is based in general on narrower cast or heat analysis ranges plus certain product analysis allowances on individual samples, in place of the fixed ranges and limits without tolerances formerly provided for carbon and other elements in SAE steels. For years the variety of chemical compositions of steel has been a matter of concern in the steel industry. It was recognized that production of fewer grades of steel could result in improved deliveries and provide a better opportunity to achieve advances in technology, manufacturing practices, and quality, and thus develop more fully the possibilities of application inherent in those grades. Comprehensive and impartial studies were directed toward determining which of the many grades being specified were the ones in most common demand, and the feasibility of combining compositions having like requirements. From these studies, the most common grades of steel have been selected and kept in the current revision. The cast or heat chemical composition limits or ranges of these grades are given in Tables 1, 2, 3A, and 3B. These cast or heat limits or ranges are subject to standard variations for product analysis as given in SAE J409. Since AISI is no longer issuing steel grade designations, grades listed in this document are SAE grades. It is recognized that chemical compositions other than those listed in the previously mentioned tables will at times be needed for specialized applications or processing. When such a steel is required, the elements comprising the desired chemical composition are specified in one of three ways: (a) by a minimum limit, (b) by a maximum limit, or (c) by minimum and maximum limits, termed a range. Standard cast or heat analysis limits and ranges for the various elements of carbon steels are given in Table 4. In this table, range is the arithmetical difference between the minimum and maximum limits (that is, 0.19 to 0.25 is a 0.06 range). These cast or heat limits and ranges are also subject to standard variations for product analysis as given in SAE J409. ISTC Division 1 has developed a procedure which allows for the maintenance of the grade lists in this document. This will involve conducting an industry-wide survey to solicit input. This survey will be conducted at a frequency deemed necessary by the technical committee. SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user. SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) FAX: (724) SAE WEB ADDRESS Copyright 2000 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
2 Criteria have been established for the addition to or the deletion of grades from the grade lists. New grades will be considered based on the grade meeting a SAE grade designation and chemistry, having a minimum production or consumption of 225 tonnes/year (250 tons/year) and has the sponsorship of at least two individual users or producers. New steel compositions will be considered as Potential Standard (PS) steels, based on the guidelines in SAE J1081, until such time as production of the new steel achieves a level of production or usage qualifying it for consideration as a standard steel. Deletion of grades will be by consensus based on the grade survey. Deleted grades will be archived in SAE J1249. When the cast or heat analysis is requested to be reported to demonstrate conformance to the chemical limits shown in Tables 1, 2, 3A, or 3B, in addition to the quantities of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur, the following elements and their quantities shall also be reported: copper, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and silicon. When the amount of any one of these last five elements is less than 0.02% that analysis may be reported as <0.02%. Based on a survey question in the 1998 Grade Survey, the grade lists have been revised such that chemistries of all product forms are now consolidated into single tables. The chemistry ranges listed will be the narrowest range for the various product forms with the exception of S content. It is acknowledged however that due to differences in the section size of the various product forms, chemical composition demands for the product forms should be different to allow for adequate flexibility of steel application. These differences are reflected in Tables 4 and References 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply SAE PUBLICATIONS Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA SAEJ409 Product Analysis Permissible Variations from Specified Analysis of a Heat or Cast of Steel SAEJ411 Carbon and Alloy Steel SAE J1081 Potential Standard Steels SAE J1249 Former SAE Standard and Former SAE Ex-Steels SAE J1268 Hardenability Bands for Carbon and Alloy H Steels SAE J1868 Restricted Hardenabilty Bands for Selected Alloy Steels ISS PUBLICATION Available from ISS, 410 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA ISS Carbon and Alloy Steel Bar and Semi-Finished Products Manual 3. Reporting Requirements 3.1 When the cast or heat analysis is requested to be reported to demonstrate conformance to the chemical limits shown in Tables 1, 2, 3A, and 3B, in addition to the quantities of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur, the elements and their quantities, as shown in Table 6, shall also be reported. -2-
3 TABLE 1 NONRESULFURIZED CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO SEMIFINISHED PRODUCTS FOR FORGING, TO HOT-ROLLED AND COLD-FINISHED BARS, TO WIRE RODS, PLATES, STRIP, SHEETS, WELDED TUBING, AND TO SEAMLESS TUBING CAST OR HEAT CHEMICAL RANGES AND LIMITS UNS No. SAE No. (1)(2) C (1) Mn (1) P, Max (1) S, Max G Max 0.35 Max G10060* Max G10080* Max G Max 0.60 Max G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G
4 1. Certain qualities and commodities are customarily produced to lower limits of phosphorus and sulfur. (See SAE J411, Table 1.) 2. NOTES Lead Standard carbon steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.15 to 0.35% to improve machinability. Such steels are identified by inserting the letter L between the second and third numerals of the grade number, for example, 10L45. The UNS designation is also modified by changing the last digit to 4 to indicate lead, for example, G BORON Standard killed carbon steels, which are fine grain, may be produced with a boron addition to improve hardenability. Such steels are produced to a range of to 0.003% boron. These steels are identified by inserting the letter B between the second and third numerals of the grade number, for example, 10B46. The UNS designation is also modified by changing the last digit to 1 to indicate boron, for example, G COPPER When copper is required, 0.20% minimum is generally specified. *MANGANESE For grades G10060 and G10080 applicable to Structural Shapes, Plates, Strip, Sheets and Welded Tubing, the manganese limit is 0.45% maximum and 0.50% maximum, respectively, with no minimum. SILICON BARS AND SEMIFINISHED When silicon ranges or limits are required, the following ranges are commonly used: 0.10% max; 0.10 to 0.20%; 0.15 to 0.35%; 0.20 to 0.40%; or 0.30 to 0.60%. RODS When silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly used for nonresulfurized steels: 0.10% max; 0.07 to 0.15%; 0.10 to 0.20%; 0.15 to 0.35%; 0.20 to 0.40%; 0.30 to 0.60%. ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS See 3.1 for additional elements to be reports TABLE 2 HIGH MANGANESE CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE ONLY TO SEMIFINISHED PRODUCTS FOR FORGING, TO HOT-ROLLED AND COLD-FINISHED BARS, PLATES, STRIP, SHEETS, AND TO SEAMLESS TUBING CAST OR HEAT CHEMICAL RANGES AND LIMITS UNS No. SAE No. C Mn P, Max S, Max G G G G G G G G G G LEAD See footnote under Table 1. BORON See footnote under Table 1. PHOSPHORUS AND SULFUR See footnote under Table 1. SILICON See footnote under Table 1. ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS For additional elements to be reported, see 3.1. analyses of additional high-manganese steels produced to hardenability requirements are shown in SAE J1268 and SAE J
5 TABLE 3A FREE CUTTING CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO SEMIFINISHED PRODUCTS FOR FORGING, HOT-ROLLED AND COLD-FINISHED BARS, WIRE RODS, AND SEAMLESS TUBING RESULFURIZED CARBON STEELS CAST OR HEAT CHEMICAL RANGES AND LIMITS UNS No. SAE No. C Mn P, Max S, Max G G G G G G G G G G G LEAD See footnote under Table 1. SILICON Bars and Semifinished See footnote under Table 1. RODS When silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly used: 0.10 Max, or ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS For additional elements to be reported, see 3.1. TABLE 3B FREE CUTTING CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO SEMIFINISHED PRODUCTS FOR FORGING, HOT-ROLLED AND COLD-FINISHED BARS, WIRE RODS, AND SEAMLESS TUBING REPHOSPHORIZED AND RESULFURIZED CARBON STEELS CAST OR HEAT CHEMICAL RANGES AND LIMITS UNS No. SAE No. C, Max Mn P S Pb G G G G L LEAD See footnote under Table 1. SILICON It is not common practice to produce the 12xx series of steels to specified silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability. ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS For additional elements to be reported, see
6 TABLE 4 CARBON STEEL CAST OR HEAT CHEMICAL LIMITS AND RANGES APPLICABLE ONLY TO SEMIFINISHED PRODUCTS FOR FORGING, HOT-ROLLED AND COLD-FINISHED BARS, WIRE RODS, AND SEAMLESS TUBING Element Carbon (1) Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon (2) Bars Rods Ranges and When Maximum of Specified Element To 0.12 incl. Over 0.12 to 0.25 incl. Over 0.25 to 0.40 incl. Over 0.40 to 0.55 incl. Over 0.55 to 0.80 incl. Over 0.80 To 0.40 incl. Over 0.40 to 0.50 incl. Over 0.50to1.65 incl. Over to 0.08 incl. Over 0.08 to 0.13 incl. Over to 0.09 incl. Over 0.09 to 0.15 incl. Over 0.15to 0.23 incl. Over 0.23 to 0.35 incl. To 0.15 incl. Over 0.15 to 0.20 incl. Over 0.20 to 0.30 incl. Over 0.30 to 0.60 incl. When silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly used: 0.10max; , , , ,or Copper When copper is required, 0.20 minimum is commonly used. Lead (3) Boron When lead is required, a range of isgenerallyused. Boron treated fine grain steels are produced to a range of to 0.003%boron. Ranges and Range Ranges and Lowest Max 1. The carbon ranges shown customarily apply when the specified maximum limit for manganese does not exceed 1.10%. When the maximum manganese limit exceeds 1.10%, it is customary to add 0.01 to the carbon range shown. 2. It is not common practice to produce a rephosphorized and resulfurized carbon steel to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability. 3. Lead is reported only as a range of 0.15 to 0.35% since it is usually added to the mold or ladle stream as the steel is poured
7 TABLE 5 CARBON STEEL CAST OR HEAT CHEMICAL LIMITS AND RANGES APPLICABLE ONLY TO STRUCTURAL SHAPES, PLATES, STRIP, SHEETS, AND WELDED TUBING Element Carbon (1) Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Standard Ranges and Limit or Max of Specified Range To 0.15 incl. Over 0.15 to 0.30 incl. Over 0.30 to 0.40 incl. Over 0.40 to 0.60 incl. Over 0.60 to 0.80 incl. Over 0.80 to 1.35 incl. To 0.50 incl. Over 0.50 to 1.15 incl. Over 1.15 to 1.65 incl. To 0.08 incl. Over 0.08 to 0.15 incl. To 0.08 incl. Over 0.08 to 0.15 incl. Over 0.15 to 0.23 incl. Over 0.23 to 0.33 incl. To 0.15 incl. Over 0.15 to 0.30 incl. Over 0.30 to 0.60 incl. Copper When copper is required, 0.20 minimum is commonly specified. Standard Ranges and Limits, Range Standard Ranges and Lowest Max 1. The carbon ranges shown in the column headed Range apply when the specified maximum limit for manganese does not exceed 1.00%. When the maximum manganese limit exceeds 1.00%, add 0.01 to the carbon ranges shown in the table carbon maximum for structural shapes and plates (2) TABLE 6 ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS TO BE REPORTED Table Number Additional Elements 1, 2, and 3A Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo an Si (1) Al, Nb (Cb), Ti and V (2) 3B Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo and Si (1) 4 and 5 Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo and Si (1) Al (3), Nb (Cb) and V (4) 1. When the amount of any one of these five elements is less than 0.02%, that analysis may be reported as <0.02%. 2. When the amount of these elements is less than 0.008%, that analysis may be reported as <0.008%. 3. Applicable to Structural Shapes, Plates, and Welded Tubing. 4. Applicable to Sheet and Strip. -7-
8 4. Notes 4.1 Marginal Indicia The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report. PREPARED BY THE IRON AND STEEL DIVISION 1 CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS -8-
9 Rationale To remove the disclaimer of the JUN2000 document. Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard Not applicable. Application In 1941, the SAE Iron and Steel Division, in collaboration with the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), made a major change in the method of expressing composition ranges for the SAE steels. The plan, as now applied, is based in general on narrower cast or heat analysis ranges plus certain product analysis allowances on individual samples, in place of the fixed ranges and limits without tolerances formerly provided for carbon and other elements in SAE steels. Reference Section SAEJ409 Product Analysis Permissible Variations from Specified Analysis of a Heat or Cast of Steel SAE J411 Carbon and Alloy Steel SAE J1081 Potential Standard Steels SAE J1249 Former SAE Standard and Former SAE Ex-Steels SAE J1268 Hardenability Bands for Carbon and Alloy H Steels SAE J1868 Restricted Hardenabilty Bands for Selected Alloy Steels ISS Carbon and Alloy Steel Bar and Semi-Finished Products Manual Developed by the SAE Iron and Steel Division 1 Carbon and Alloy Steels Sponsored by the SAE Iron and Steel Executive Committee
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