Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US4640193?dq=6,163,776
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Patent US4640193 - Chemiluminescent light container - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA container adapted for insertion into a device is disclosed wherein the container has fitted into its hollow interior the components required to form therein and eject therefrom a chemiluminescent light emitting material....http://www.google.com/patents/US4640193?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4640193 - Chemiluminescent light containerAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4640193 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/813,345Publication dateFeb 3, 1987Filing dateDec 26, 1985Priority dateDec 26, 1985Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA1302093C, DE3774103D1, EP0275333A1, EP0275333B1Publication number06813345, 813345, US 4640193 A, US 4640193A, US-A-4640193, US4640193 A, US4640193AInventorsAnthony KoroscilOriginal AssigneeAmerican Cyanamid CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Referenced by (12), Classifications (13), Legal Events (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetChemiluminescent light containerUS 4640193 AAbstract A container adapted for insertion into a device is disclosed wherein the container has fitted into its hollow interior the components required to form therein and eject therefrom a chemiluminescent light emitting material.
I claim: 1. A hollow container adapted for insertion into a device for use in creating a signal and having fitted into the hollow space thereof, in the following sequence,
(a) a fuse or percussion cap,(b) a propellant, (c) a chemiluminescent light activator solution, (d) a chemiluminescent light fluorescer solution, (e) a reactive enhancer capable of catalyzing the reaction product produced upon contact of (c) and (d) which occurs upon detonation of said fuse or cap and (f) a sealing means. 2. A container in accordance with claim 1 wherein (e) is sodium salicylate.
4. A container in accordance with claim 1 wherein (d) is a dibutyl phthalate solution of fluorescer and bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6-carbopentoxyphenyl)oxalate.
5. A container according to claim 1 wherein (c) is a t-butyl alcohol-dimethyl phthalate solution of hydrogen peroxide, sodium salicylate and sodium 5-bromosalicylate and (d) is a dibutyl phthalate solution of rubrene and bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6-carbopentoxyphenyl)oxalate.
6. A container according to claim 5 wherein (e) is sodium salicylate and infusorial earth.
7. A container according to claim 1 wherein (e) is sodium salicylate and shredded plastic foam.
8. A container according to claim 4 wherein the fluorescer is rubrene.
The problems attendant these types of detection devices are numerous. The main problems, however, are that the phosphorus device generates light by burning and, as a result, many items with which the burning phosphorus comes into contact also burn i.e. trees, shrubs; grass etc. while the titanium tetrachloride devices, because they only emit smoke, are practically useless for nighttime detection.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A novel container adapted for insertion into a device for use in creating a signal has been devised. The container has fitted into its interior, a fuse or percussion cap, a propellant, a chemiluminescent light activator solution, a chemiluminescent light fluorescer solution, a reactive enhancer and a sealing means. The chemiluminescent light which is produced upon impact of the device is of higher intensity and shorter duration than previously exhibited.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION INLCUDING PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A typical practice device which is utilized in the training of personnel and which creates a detectible signal upon impact normally is of a tear-drop configuration with a hollow core running its entire length. A cartridge fits into the hollow core at the front end of the device. A firing pin at the front end of the device detonates the cartridge upon impact and the signal is emitted through the hollow core at the rear end in the form of a flash of light, smoke etc.
Any signal device therefore has to emit a signal which is detectable by the camera if manual inspection of the target site, the least desired method, is to be avoided. Clearly, the higher the light intensity of the signal, the more easily detectable it is.
The novel containers of the present invention are useful for both day and night practice and do not function by burning i.e. they are cold, and therefore are free from the disadvantages attendant present devices. They provide non-pyroforic, chemical light illumination as a spray of light which can be blue, yellow or green. A secondary benefit is the formation of colored smoke which can be detected in daylight. The instantaneous spray of chemical light lasts preferably less than about thirty (30) seconds and is visible for at least one (1) mile.
(a) a fuse or percussion cap,
(e) a reactive enhancer capable of catalyzing the reaction produced upon contact of (c) and (d) which occurs upon detonation of said fuse or cap and,
The containers have a fuse or percussion cap (a) fitted into one end and then, in sequence, the remaining contents thereof. The fuse or percussion cap can be of any configuration or type and is merely a means of igniting the prepellant upon impact of the projectile which is being tested.
The chemiluminescent light activator solution (c), which is preferably used encapsulated within a thin glass ampule, but can be used as such if kept separated from the fluorescer solution, is known in the art. It contains water, catalyst, hydrogen peroxide and solvent. Typical solutions of this type can be found in any one of the following U.S. Pat. Nos.; 3,749,679; 3,391,018; 3,391,069; 3,974,368; 3,557,233; 3,597,362; 3,775,336 and 3,888,786, incorporated herein by reference. Preferred solvents include esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons, of which the esters are most preferred, specifically, a mixture of dimethylphthalate and t-butyl alcohol. Preferred catalysts include those of U.S. Pat. No. 4,313,843, and even more preferably sodium salicylate, sodium 5-bromosalicylate, sodium 5-chlorosalicylate, sodium 5-fluorosalicylate, lithium salicylate and rubidium acetate.
Similarly, the fluorescer solution (d), which is also preferably used encapsulated in a thin, glass ampule, includes, oxalate, of which bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6-carbopentoxyphenyl)oxalate is preferred, and fluorescer of which rubrene; N,N'-bis(2,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide; 9,10-diphenylanthracene, 1-chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene are exemplary, see the above-mentioned patents for further exemplary fluorescer solutions. Esters such as dibutylphthalate are the preferred solvents, see also U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,816,326; 4,313,843, incorporated herein by reference.
The containers of the present invention contain the chemiluminescent light components in concentrations which enable the initial outburst of light upon detonation to be very intense for a short period of time. This result is achieved by the use of catalyst in solution with hydrogen peroxide in combination with the reactive enhancer.
TABLE I______________________________________          Concentration*Ingredient       Range     Preferred______________________________________Hydrogen peroxide             4-15%     7-10%Catalyst1   0.01-0.7% 0.03-0.2%Water            0.0-2.3%  1.0-1.6%Solvent2    remainder______________________________________ *by weight, based on total weight of solution 1 a preferred catalyst comprises sodium 5bromosalicylate or sodium salicylate, alone or in admixture, 2 the solvent mixture which is preferred contains 75-90%, by weight, of dimethylphthalate and 10-25%, by weight, of tertbutyl alcohol.
The reactive enhancers (e) play a critical role in the chemiluminescent light display formed upon detonation of the container of the present invention. The container, upon impact and detonation, forms a concentration area of chemiluminescent light display, of a preferred diameter and preferably at a height which enables vision thereof from a distance of at least one mile. The reactive enhancer reacts with the chemical constituents of the activator and fluorescer solutions which form the chemiluminescent light and thereby enhance the intensity thereof.
The reactive enhancer is a material which may normally be a catalyst for the chemiluminescent light reaction but is employed in larger amounts and as a solid material. It chemically reacts with the chemiluminescent light components thereby enhancing the light intensity thereof. Suitable reactive enhancers which have been found to be effective for this purpose include sodium salicylate, potassium salicylate, rubidium acetate, lithium acetate, lithium trifluoroacetate, sodium benzoate, magnesium sulfate, potassium benzoate and the like. Generally any catalyst known to activate the reaction between components of chemiluminescent light reactions and which are solid may be used. The reactive enhancer may be used alone or in admixture with a solid inert material such as infusorial earth; shredded plastic foam; and the like. Most of the reactive enhancer must be positioned in the container between the fluorescer solution and the sealing means, however, small amounts of reactive enhancer may be placed between the propellant and activator solution, if desired. Separate layers of enhancer components may be used also.
EXAMPLES 1-18 Simulation of a bomb exploding on impact with the ground is achieved by detonating a 12 inch long, 13/16 inch diameter container in a cannon. The container has an enclosed end containing a fuse and is then packed, in sequence, as follows: smokeless, black gunpowder; a 10 ml glass ampule of activator solution; a 12 ml glass ampule of fluorescer solution; reactive enhancer; seal.
Table I, below, sets forth the average of the observer ratings for light intensity and smoke density. Smoke density was only rated at the target site. Light intensity ratings are given at target site and at distances of 1/2 and 3/4-1 mile.
The container is inserted into the rear end of a Cannon and fired from the cannon set at an angle of 10-15 degrees. There is a 5-15 mph variable breeze, a clear, moonless sky and excellent visibility. The air temperature is 50�-55� C.
______________________________________           Activator #1     Activator #2______________________________________Dimethylphthalate           75.0    parts    81.21 partst-butylalcohol  14.7    parts    12.64 parts86.9% organic   9.2     parts    4.71  partsprocess H2 O2Sodium Salicylate           --                0.0324                                  partSodium 5-Bromosalicylate           --               0.04  partWater           1.0     parts    1.37  parts______________________________________       Fluorescer                 Fluorescer  Fluorescer#1          #2        #3______________________________________Dibutyl Phthalate       83.67  parts   91.15                           parts 91.27                                      partsOxalate*    15.94  parts   8.59 parts 8.60 partsFluorescer**       0.39   part   --        --Fluorescer***       0.001  part   --        --Rubrene     --         0.26   part  0.13 part______________________________________ENHANCERS             Sodium     Sodium  Sodium             Salicylate and                        Salicylate                                Salicylate   Sodium    Infusorial and finely                                and finely   Salicylate             Earth      shredded                                shredded   (S)       (SI)       foam (SF)1                                foam (SF)2______________________________________Charge  26 parts  26 parts   5.4 parts                                5.4 partsParts   1         0.38       0.328   0.597SodiumSalicylateper partof charge______________________________________  *bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6-carbopentoxyphenyl)oxalate **1chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene-yellow ***N,N1bis(2,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide
Table II below, sets forth the different components of the container beginning from the fuse end (left) to the discharge end.
TABLE II______________________________________Ex-  Gun-     Pre-     Acti- Fluo-am-  powder   enhancer vator rescer                              Enhancerple  (parts)  (parts)  (#)   (#)   S/(parts)                                     Symbol______________________________________ 1   2        --       2     1     --     S 2   3        --       2     1     2      (SF)1 3   2        --       1     3     --     S 4   2        1/2(SF)2                  1     3     2      1/2(SF)2 5   2        --       1     2     2      (SF)2 6   2        2S       1     2     2      SI 7   3        --       1     3     --     S 8   3        --       1     3     2      (SF)1 9   3        --       1     3     2      SI10   3        --       1     2     --     S11   3        1/2S     1     2     --     1/2S12   2        --       2     3     2      (SF)213   2        --       2     3     2      SI14   2        --       2     2     --     S15   2        --       2     2     2      (SF)116   3        2S       2     3     2      (SF)117   3        --       2     2     --     S18   3        --       2     2     2      (SF)219   3        2S       2     2     --     SI20   2        2S       2     2     2      (SF)221   2        --       1     1     --     S22   3        --       1     1     2      (SF)123   3        4S       1     2     --     SI24   3        4S       1     1     --     SI25   2        3SI + 2S 2     2     --     SI______________________________________
The following table provides the average observed rating of light intensity and smoke density of the 25 firings. In the table, the Light Intensity Ratings are as follows:
Excellent--100
Very good--85
Good--75
Fair--65
Poor--50
The Smoke Density Ratings are as follows:
Dense--5
Moderate--4
Light--3
Very Light--2
None--1
TABLE III______________________________________       Light Intensity                   Smoke DensityExample     Rating      Rating______________________________________ 1          66.7        2.8 2          74.2        3.3 3          72.5        3.6 4          80.0        3.8 5          76.7        3.5 6          73.3        3.4 7          63.3        2.8 8          82.5        4.6 9          73.3        3.010          86.7        4.111          53.7        2.212          85.0        4.213          75.0        3.314          81.7        3.715          84.2        4.216          86.7        4.017          86.7        4.118          91.7        4.319          83.3        4.320          89.2        4.521          70.8        4.022          70.0        3.223          86.7        4.024          65.0        3.525          87.5        4.4______________________________________
EXAMPLE 26 Replacement of the reactive enhancer of Example 17 with rubidium acetate results in similar observations.
EXAMPLE 27 Example 10 is repeated except that the oxalate is replaced by 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene. Similar results are achieved.
EXAMPLE 28 Example 18 is repeated using 9,10-diphenylanthracene with 40 ppm of N,N'-bis(2,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenecarboximide. Again excellent results are achieved.
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