Source: http://protection-of-minors.eu/en/cat1.php
Timestamp: 2017-04-30 03:07:31
Document Index: 649531881

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 21', '§\n2', '§ 2', 'art.\n121', '§ 1', '§ 2']

Protection of Minors in EU - which age
There is no single definition about „child“ and „young person”. You are considered as a minor, If you haven´t completed your 18th birthday (§ 21 para 2 Civil Code).
According to the law for the protection of the youth of the states Steiermark, Kärnten, Tirol and Vorarlberg, person are children up to 14 years of age. Person from the age of 14 up to 18 years of age are considered as young people.
The law for the protection of the youth of the state Oberösterreich determine all person up to 18 years of age as young people.
The law for the protection of the youth of the states Wien, Niederösterreich and Burgenland is using “young people” up to 18 years of age instead of saying children or young person.
You become a major with 18 years.
Minors are children under the age of 18. In more and
more Flemish Decree’s, there is made a distinction between children <12 and
children >12. Children who are 12 years old (or older) are often legally
“presumed” to consider what is in their own interest, and what the consequences
are of their choices. E.g. in the “Decree of concerning the legal position of
the minor in the integrated youth care”, children who are 12 years or older
have to consent with the help program that is offered to them (they can also
decline certain help etc.)
accomplishment of 18 years of age the persons attain their majority and shall
be completely able, through their activities, to acquire rights and assume
obligations. The persons who have not accomplished 14 years of age, is a minor.
Instead of them and on their behalf legal actions shall be carried out by their
legal representatives - parents or guardians. The persons from 14 years of age
until the accomplishment of 18 years of age are juvenile. They shall carry out
legal activities with the consent of their parents or guardians but they can
conclude on their own common small transactions for meeting their current needs
and to dispose of the acquired by their own work. Cyprus
Up to the age of 18 years one is considered as child or a young person.
A person is considered as a young
person till 26 years (not by law).
According to the Civil Code (Nr. 40/1964 GBl.), minors are persons who have unless reached 18
years. From then on, a person becomes contractually capable (Exception: The
legal capacity depends on the individual health situation. Thereupon, a 18
years old person will not become contractually capable.).
According to the Penal Code (Nr. 140/1961 Gbl.), children under 15 years of age are Doli incapax for their actions.
Therefore young people are person over 15 years of age which haven´t reached
their 18th birthday. According to
the Criminal Code from 2004 minors
become relief which means a specific law exists, which regulate the requirements
for criminal liability of minors and the penaltes therefore. Germany
According to the legislation children and young persons below 18 years, are regarded as children and young persons. Young persons are persons between 14 and 18 years.There are no other official definition of young persons.
Republic of Estonia Child Protection Act §
2 Age of child:
purposes of this Act, a child is a human being below the age of eighteen years.
Youth Work Act § 2 para 1:
person is a natural person between 7 and 26 years of age.
Under Spanish
law a person under 18 is considered as a child and always has all the
protection derived from its status as a minor. A young person in Spain is
between 15 and 24 years, persons aged 15 to 17 are children and young people,
and 18 to 24 are young but already adults. The condition of young person is
more a social category that a legal status, unlike the minor’s condition.
to Finnish child protection act (Lastensuojelulaki 13.4.2007/417), a
"child" is a person under the age of eighteen; a "young
person" is under twenty-one. According to the Finnish Youth Act (72/2006),
"young people" means those under 29 years of age.
French legislation provide different regulations
according to the age and power of judgement of the minor, particularly in
criminal matters. Minors are children under the age of
18 years (section 388 of the Civil Code).
Young persons are persons between 21 and 25 years.
You are a child until
You are a young person
As a minor is considered a person between 8 and 18 years of age.
Penal Code as it was replaced by the article 1 of the 3189/2003 Act, art.
121 para 1
According to Hungarian legislation, persons are
children under 18 years of age. They are also minors. So you are with 18 of
full age. Then you will get all rights and duties.
definitions about young people, e.g. till 24, 26 or 29 years. Ireland
are a child until the age of 18 years. However, there are certain rules that
children under 18 years of age achieve privileges which normally subjected to
adults (e.g. the right to marry).
There are no rules which define the specific ages
for children, adolescents and teenagers. In general, these age ranges tend to
be associated with the school career, as well as the process of maturation
until the age of majority is reached, which is defined by law as the age of 18
years. In line with the school career, the following stages have been
identified: childhood (Bambini/bambine),
which typically goes from birth to the age of 10 (early or "first"
childhood from 0-6; "second" childhood from 6 to 10), pre-adolescence
(ragazzi/ragazze), which goes from
the age of 11 to the age of 13, and adolescence (in Italian, the same term, ragazzi/ragazze), which goes from the
age of 14 through the age of 17. However, this scheme conforms only partially
to a definition of overall psychological development. The Italian Civil Code does not contain a
definition of minors, but the terms legal capacity and capacity to act are
defined in § 1 and § 2 of the Civil Code. The first term, legal capacity, is
acquired at the moment of birth, while the second, capacity to act, is acquired
once the age of majority (18 years of age) is reached, along with the ability
to take all actions for which no other age limit is prescribed.
Although an express definition of minors does not
exist, by ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of
1989 through Act No. 176/1999, Italy automatically accepted the definition of
child (fanciullo) as a synonym for
minor, as contained in Article 1 of the Convention.
It should also be pointed out that Article 1 of Act
No. 977/67, "Occupational Safety for Children and Adolescents," as
amended by Ordinance No. 345/99, makes a distinction between child (bambino) and adolescent (adolescente), clarifying that, for the
purposes of the Act, a child is to be understood as a minor who is less than 15
years of age or who is still subject to compulsory education, while an
adolescent is understood as a minor between 15 and 18 years of age who is no
longer subject to compulsory education.
According to the civil law book and the judicial code one is valid up to the age of 18 years a minor.
In accordance with Article 388 of
the Civil Code (the Code Civil),
persons under the age of 18 years are considered to be minors. Parental custody
(autorité parentale) ends at that
age. Various legal texts define the rights and duties of minors. For example,
the Education Act provides for nine years of compulsory education, beginning
with entry into primary school (Act of 12 August 1912). This means that, for
most children in Luxemburg, compulsory education ends at the age of 15 years.
The Act for the Protection of Young Workers of 23 March 2001 distinguishes
between children under the age of 15 and teenagers under the age of 18. The
Youth Safety Act of 10 August 1992 applies for minors under the age of 18.
Pursuant to Article 32 of that Act, juvenile delinquents aged 16 and up may be
tried before a criminal court under certain circumstances.
Up to 18 years of age – child, young person from 13
years of age till 25 years of age.
Under Maltese law, any person under the age of 18 is considered to
be a minor. Generally speaking, minors remain in the custody of their parents
It is the duty of the parents to exercise parental authority over
their children or to appoint a legal guardian in their absence in order to
ensure that the children in their custody are safe from danger. The law does
not clearly distinguish between children and adolescents.
In the Netherlands, persons under the age of 18 years
are considered minors by law (Burgerlijk
Wetboek/Civil Code). From 18
years people are considered adults.
In Dutch youth policy, youth is generally defined as
the age group 0-25 years. Within this age group a distinction is made (in
policy, not in laws) between Children (0-12 years), Young people (12-18 years)
and Young Adults (18-25 years).
Under Polish law, persons between the ages of 13 and 18 are
considered to be minors. Minors have limited legal capacity and are subject to
the supervision of their parents. (…) Roznica
maloletni nieletni. The Act of 26 October 1982, Rules of Procedure for
Minors, considers persons older than 13 and younger than 17 who commit a crime
to be minors. The rights of children are guaranteed in the Constitution of the
Republic of Poland, as well as the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child
(ratified by Poland in 1991).
has an ombudsman/advocate for children's rights.
are a child until the age of 18 years. You also become a major with 18 years. For sepecial
purposes, the law increases the age of becoming an adult, i.e. social benefits
for students (up to 26 years), youth cards (up to 25 years), legal status for
criminal youth (between 16 and 21 years) and assistance or protective measures
A person is regarded as a child
until the age of 18. There are some specific regulations on youth persons in
certain laws. The age limit of who is a young person varies in different laws.
According to the Marriage
and Family Relations Act (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No.
69/04 – official consolidated text), one is regarded as a child up to
eighteen years of age. It is at this age when a person is granted full legal
capacity, which enables him or her to enter into legal transactions. While a
minor, a child is represented by his or her parents.
In accordance with UN Convention on the rights of the
children in Slovak republic a child means every human
being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child,
majority is attained earlier. Disclaimer: