Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/58941462/Prop-Doctrine
Timestamp: 2018-02-18 20:01:02
Document Index: 520790116

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art.415', 'Art. 1484', 'Art. 1485', 'Art. 1486', 'Art. 1487', 'Art. 1488', 'Art. 1489', 'Art. 1490', 'Art. 1491', 'Art. 1492', 'Art. 1493', 'Art. 1494', 'Art. 1495', 'Art. 1496', 'Art. 1497', 'Art. 1498', 'Art. 1499', 'Art. 1500', 'Art. 1501', 'Art. 1502', 'Art. 1503', 'Art. 1504', 'Art. 1505', 'Art. 1506', 'Art. 1507', 'Art. 1508', 'Art. 1509', 'Art. 1510']

Prop Doctrine | Bill Of Lading | Negotiable Instrument
Uploaded by Peach Apolo
TITLE Ladera v.
Mindanao Bus Co. vs City Assessor & Treasurer
1. Petitioner is a public utility solely engaged in transporting passengers and cargoes by motor trucks, over its authorized public lines in Mindanao. Petitioner has its main office and shop at Cagayan de Oro. 2. Court of Tax Appeals holds Minadanao Bus Co. as liable to the payment of the Realty Tax on its maintenance and repair equipment. 3. The Machineries in question is valued at P4,000 assessed by the City Assessor of Cagayan, as these machineries are sitting on cement or wooden platforms.
WON Court of Tax Appeals erred in upholding the City Assessor s contention that the said tools and equipments are immovable s and are taxable real properties. WON a house constructed by the lessee of the land on which it is built, should be dealt as immovable property, for the purpose of attachment.
DOCTRINE In the cases of immovables by incorporation, the code nowhere requires that the attachment or incorporation be made by the owner of the land. The only criterion is the union of incorporation with the soil. Movable equipments, to be immobilized in contemplation of law, must be essential and principal elements of an industry or works.
A house is an immovable whether it be erected by the owner of the land or by a usufructuary or lessee. The parties may agree, however, to consider the house as a personal property. But such agreement is valid only for the purposes of the contract between the parties concerned by virtue of estoppel. Such agreement is not binding to third persons, especially when their rights are prejudiced. While it is true that generally, real estate connotes the land and the building constructed thereon, it is obvious that the inclusion of the building, separate and distinct from the land, in the enumeration of that may constitute real properties could only mean one thing that a building is by itself an immovable property. In the absence of any specific provision of the law to the contrary, a building is an immovable property, irrespective of whether or not said structure and the land on which it is adhered to belong to the same owner.
1. Lopez, supplied wood for the construction of the theatre. The materials totaled 62,255 but Orosa was only able to pay 20, 848 thus leaving a balance of almost 42k. 3. Later on respondents acquired a bank loan of 30k, wherein Luzon Surety Company as their surety and the land and buildings as mortgages. 4. Petitioner sued to collect the unpaid materials and was able to get a judgment making the respondents jointly liable to pay the remaining amount. 5. He was able to obtain a materialman s lien on the building of the theatre. And, also stocks amounting to 42k shall be sold in public auction in case the respondents default. 6.Petitioner wasn t happy because he also wanted a lien on the land, urging that the judgment lien should include it since the building and the land are inseparable. 1. EVERTEX executed a Deed of Real and Chattel Mortgage and another Chattel Mortgage as security for loan from PBCom. 2. Due to business reverses, EVERTEX filed insolvency proceedings. Notice of Sheriff s Sale was issued. At two different public auction, PBCom emerged as the highest bidder, making them owner of the properties. 4. The factory was leased to Tsai for P500/month. and was sold to them later on, the factory, lock, stock and barrel to Tsai for
Tsai v. CA
The fact that the machineries were bolted or cemented on real property mortgaged does not make them ipso facto immovable under 415(3&5) as the parties intent has to be looked into. Even if the properties appear to be immovable by nature, nothing prohibits the law from treating them as chattels to secure an obligation under the principle of estoppel.
RTC held that the lease and sale were irregular as it involved
P9Million, including the contested machineries. 5. EVERTEX filed a complaint for annulment of sale and conveyance of the properties to PBCom was allegedly in violation of Insolvency Law. 1. Goulds Pumps International Phil filed in City Court of Cebu a complaint against Yap and his wife, seekin recovery of P1,459, the balance of the price and installation cost of a water pump in the petitioner s house) 2. The case resulted a judgment in favor of Goulds, as none of the defendants appeared despite notices, having been served upon them. 3. Yap appealed to CFI, yet again he was ordered in defaiult by Judge Tanada, for failure to appear in pre-trial. 4.On oct. 15,1960, Judge Tanada issued an order granting Gould s Motion for Issuance of Write of Execution. Yap filed for Motion for Reconsideration but was denied. Hence, this case.
properties not included in the mortgage contract.
WON CFI erred in declining to annul the execution of the sale of the pump and accessories subject of the action although made without the requisite notice prescribed for sale of immovable.
The water pump does not fit the description in Art.415(3)/ The separation or removal of the pump involved nothing more complicated than the loosening of bolts or dismantling of other fasteners.
Yap s argument that the water had become immovable property by its being installed in his residence is untenable. It could be and in fact was separated from Yap s premises without being broken or suffering deterioration.
Machinery Engineering Supplies Inc vs. CA
WON replevin was applicable to the properties in question.
WON seized properties are to be considered real.
The special civil action of Replevin is applicable only to personal property. The machinery and equipments in question appeared to be that of attached to the and, particularly to the concrete foundation of said premises, in a fixed manner, in such a way that the former cannot be separated therefrom without breaking the material or deterioration of the object. Thereby, it became an immovable. The machinery which is movabe by nature becomes immobilized when placed by the owner of the tenement, property or plant, but not so when placed by a tenant, usufructuary, or any other person having only temporary right, unless such person acted as agent of the owner. Where a chattel mortgage is constituted on a machinery permanently attached to the ground, the machinery is to be considered as personal property.
Makati Leasing & Finance Corp. vs. Wearever Textile Mills
WON the machinery in suit is real or personal property from the viewpoint of the parties.
PCI filed a case for collection of a sum of money as well as a writ of replevin for the seizure of machineries, subject of a chattel mortgage executed in favor of PCI. Machineries in question wew seized and petitioner filed a motion for special protective orders. It asserts that the machineries were real prop and could not be subject of a chattel mortg.
Sergs Products Inc v PCI Leasing and Finance
The machines, that were the subjects of the writ of seizure, were placed by petitioners in the factory built on their own land. Indisputably, they were essential and principal elements of their chocolate-making industry. Hence, although each of them was movable on its own, all of them have become immobilized by destination because they are essential and principal elements of the industry. The contracting parties however may validly stipulate that a real property be considered as personal. After agreeing to such stipulation, they are consequently estopped from claiming otherwise.
Art. 1484. In a contract of sale of personal property the price of which is payable in installments, the vendor may exercise any of the following remedies: (1) Exact fulfillment of the obligation, should the vendee fail to pay; (2) Cancel the sale, should the vendee's failure to pay cover two or more installments; (3) Foreclose the chattel mortgage on the thing sold, if one has been constituted, should the vendee's failure to pay cover two or more installments. In this case, he shall have no further action against the purchaser to recover any unpaid balance of the price. Any agreement to the contrary shall be void. (1454-A-a) Art. 1485. The preceding article shall be applied to contracts purporting to be leases of personal property with option to buy, when the lessor has deprived the lessee of the possession or enjoyment of the thing. (1454-A-a) Art. 1486. In the case referred to in two preceding articles, a stipulation that the installments or rents paid shall not be returned to the vendee or lessee shall be valid insofar as the same may not be unconscionable under the circumstances. (n) Art. 1487. The expenses for the execution and registration of the sale shall be borne by the vendor, unless there is a stipulation to the contrary. (1455a) Art. 1488. The expropriation of property for public use is governed by special laws. (1456) Art. 1489. All persons who are authorized in this Code to obligate themselves, may enter into a contract of sale, saving the modifications contained in the following articles. Where necessaries are those sold and delivered to a minor or other person without capacity to act, he must pay a reasonable price therefor. Necessaries are those referred to in Article 290. (1457a) Art. 1490. The husband and the wife cannot sell property to each other, except: (1) When a separation of property was agreed upon in the marriage settlements; or( 2) When there has been a judicial separation or property under Article 191. (1458a) Art. 1491. The following persons cannot acquire by purchase, even at a public or judicial auction, either in person or through the mediation of another: (1) The guardian, the property of the person or persons who may be under his guardianship; (2) Agents, the property whose administration or sale may have been entrusted to them, unless the consent of the principal has been given; (3) Executors and administrators, the property of the estate under administration; (4) Public officers and employees, the property of the State or of any subdivision thereof, or of any governmentowned or controlled corporation, or institution, the administration of which has been intrusted to them; this provision shall apply to judges and government experts who, in any manner whatsoever, take part in the sale; (5) Justices, judges, prosecuting attorneys, clerks of superior and inferior courts, and other officers and employees connected with the administration of justice, the property and rights in litigation or levied upon an execution before the court within whose jurisdiction or territory they exercise their respective functions; this prohibition includes the act of acquiring by assignment and shall apply to lawyers, with respect to the property and rights which may be the object of any litigation in which they may take part by virtue of their profession.
(6) Any others specially disqualified by law. (1459a) Art. 1492. The prohibitions in the two preceding articles are applicable to sales in legal redemption, compromises and renunciations. (n) CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF THE CONTRACT WHEN THE THINGSOLD HAS BEEN LOST Art. 1493. If at the time the contract of sale is perfected, the thing which is the object of the contract has been entirely lost, the contract shall be without any effect. But if the thing should have been lost in part only, the vendee may choose between withdrawing from the contract and demanding the remaining part, paying its price in proportion to the total sum agreed upon. (1460a) Art. 1494. Where the parties purport a sale of specific goods, and the goods without the knowledge of the seller have perished in part or have wholly or in a material part so deteriorated in quality as to be substantially changed in character, the buyer may at his option treat the sale: (1) As avoided; or (2) As valid in all of the existing goods or in so much thereof as have not deteriorated, and as binding the buyer to pay the agreed price for the goods in which the ownership will pass, if the sale was divisible. (n) CHAPTER 4 OBLIGATIONS OF THE VENDOR SECTION 1. - General Provisions Art. 1495. The vendor is bound to transfer the ownership of and deliver, as well as warrant the thing which is the object of the sale. (1461a) Art. 1496. The ownership of the thing sold is acquired by the vendee from the moment it is delivered to him in any of the ways specified in Articles 1497 to 1501, or in any other manner signifying an agreement that the possession is transferred from the vendor to the vendee. (n) SECTION 2. - Delivery of the Thing Sold Art. 1497. The thing sold shall be understood as delivered, when it is placed in the control and possession of the vendee. (1462a) Art. 1498. When the sale is made through a public instrument, the execution thereof shall be equivalent to the delivery of the thing which is the object of the contract, if from the deed the contrary does not appear or cannot clearly be inferred. With regard to movable property, its delivery may also be made by the delivery of the keys of the place or depository where it is stored or kept. (1463a) Art. 1499. The delivery of movable property may likewise be made by the mere consent or agreement of the contracting parties, if the thing sold cannot be transferred to the possession of the vendee at the time of the sale, or if the latter already had it in his possession for any other reason. (1463a) Art. 1500. There possessorium. (n) may also be tradition constitutum
Art. 1501. With respect to incorporeal property, the provisions of the first paragraph of article 1498 shall govern. In any other case wherein said provisions are not applicable, the placing of the titles of ownership in the possession of the vendee or the use by the vendee of his rights, with the vendor's consent, shall be understood as a delivery. (1464)
Art. 1502. When goods are delivered to the buyer "on sale or return" to give the buyer an option to return the goods instead of paying the price, the ownership passes to the buyer of delivery, but he may revest the ownership in the seller by returning or tendering the goods within the time fixed in the contract, or, if no time has been fixed, within a reasonable time. (n) When goods are delivered to the buyer on approval or on trial or on satisfaction, or other similar terms, the ownership therein passes to the buyer: (1) When he signifies his approval or acceptance to the seller or does any other act adopting the transaction; (2) If he does not signify his approval or acceptance to the seller, but retains the goods without giving notice of rejection, then if a time has been fixed for the return of the goods, on the expiration of such time, and, if no time has been fixed, on the expiration of a reasonable time. What is a reasonable time is a question of fact. (n) Art. 1503. When there is a contract of sale of specific goods, the seller may, by the terms of the contract, reserve the right of possession or ownership in the goods until certain conditions have been fulfilled. The right of possession or ownership may be thus reserved notwithstanding the delivery of the goods to the buyer or to a carrier or other bailee for the purpose of transmission to the buyer. Where goods are shipped, and by the bill of lading the goods are deliverable to the seller or his agent, or to the order of the seller or of his agent, the seller thereby reserves the ownership in the goods. But, if except for the form of the bill of lading, the ownership would have passed to the buyer on shipment of the goods, the seller's property in the goods shall be deemed to be only for the purpose of securing performance by the buyer of his obligations under the contract. Where goods are shipped, and by the bill of lading the goods are deliverable to order of the buyer or of his agent, but possession of the bill of lading is retained by the seller or his agent, the seller thereby reserves a right to the possession of the goods as against the buyer. Where the seller of goods draws on the buyer for the price and transmits the bill of exchange and bill of lading together to the buyer to secure acceptance or payment of the bill of exchange, the buyer is bound to return the bill of lading if he does not honor the bill of exchange, and if he wrongfully retains the bill of lading he acquires no added right thereby. If, however, the bill of lading provides that the goods are deliverable to the buyer or to the order of the buyer, or is indorsed in blank, or to the buyer by the consignee named therein, one who purchases in good faith, for value, the bill of lading, or goods from the buyer will obtain the ownership in the goods, although the bill of exchange has not been honored, provided that such purchaser has received delivery of the bill of lading indorsed by the consignee named therein, or of the goods, without notice of the facts making the transfer wrongful. (n) Art. 1504. Unless otherwise agreed, the goods remain at the seller's risk until the ownership therein is transferred to the buyer, but when the ownership therein is transferred to the buyer the goods are at the buyer's risk whether actual delivery has been made or not, except that: (1) Where delivery of the goods has been made to the buyer or to a bailee for the buyer, in pursuance of the contract and the ownership in the goods has been retained by the seller merely to secure performance by the buyer of his obligations under the contract, the goods are at the buyer's risk from the time of such delivery;
(2) Where actual delivery has been delayed through the fault of either the buyer or seller the goods are at the risk of the party in fault. (n) Art. 1505. Subject to the provisions of this Title, where goods are sold by a person who is not the owner thereof, and who does not sell them under authority or with the consent of the owner, the buyer acquires no better title to the goods than the seller had, unless the owner of the goods is by his conduct precluded from denying the seller's authority to sell. Nothing in this Title, however, shall affect: (1) The provisions of any factors' act, recording laws, or any other provision of law enabling the apparent owner of goods to dispose of them as if he were the true owner thereof; (2) The validity of any contract of sale under statutory power of sale or under the order of a court of competent jurisdiction; (3) Purchases made in a merchant's store, or in fairs, or markets, in accordance with the Code of Commerce and special laws. (n) Art. 1506. Where the seller of goods has a voidable title thereto, but his title has not been avoided at the time of the sale, the buyer acquires a good title to the goods, provided he buys them in good faith, for value, and without notice of the seller's defect of title. (n) Art. 1507. A document of title in which it is stated that the goods referred to therein will be delivered to the bearer, or to the order of any person named in such document is a negotiable document of title. (n) Art. 1508. A negotiable document of title may be negotiated by delivery: (1) Where by the terms of the document the carrier, warehouseman or other bailee issuing the same undertakes to deliver the goods to the bearer; or (2) Where by the terms of the document the carrier, warehouseman or other bailee issuing the same undertakes to deliver the goods to the order of a specified person, and such person or a subsequent endorsee of the document has indorsed it in blank or to the bearer. Where by the terms of a negotiable document of title the goods are deliverable to bearer or where a negotiable document of title has been indorsed in blank or to bearer, any holder may indorse the same to himself or to any specified person, and in such case the document shall thereafter be negotiated only by the endorsement of such endorsee. (n) Art. 1509. A negotiable document of title may be negotiated by the endorsement of the person to whose order the goods are by the terms of the document deliverable. Such endorsement may be in blank, to bearer or to a specified person. If indorsed to a specified person, it may be again negotiated by the endorsement of such person in blank, to bearer or to another specified person. Subsequent negotiations may be made in like manner. (n) Art. 1510. If a document of title which contains an undertaking by a carrier, warehouseman or other bailee to deliver the goods to bearer, to a specified person or order of a specified person or which contains words of like import, has placed upon it the words "not negotiable," "non-negotiable" or the like, such document may nevertheless be negotiated by the holder and is a negotiable document of title within the meaning of this Title. But nothing in this Title contained shall be construed as limiting or defining the effect upon the obligations of the carrier, warehouseman, or other bailee issuing a document of title or placing thereon the words "not negotiable," "non-negotiable," or the like. (n)
Documents Similar To Prop Doctrine
Brazil is South America
Jonathan Raich Velazquez
3. & 38. KILOSBAYAN v. MORATO (1995) [246 SCRA 540]
Banking Laws Regulations in India
Nego REVIEWER -Midterms
More From Peach Apolo
Critical Areas in Crim - JUMAMIL