Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title31-chapter15&saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUzMS1zZWN0aW9uMTU1NQ%3D%3D%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2020-04-01 17:28:44
Document Index: 534053153

Matched Legal Cases: ['§5502', '§1054', '§1405', '§813', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§1512', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§1002', '§681', '§682', '§101', '§135', '§1513', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§102', '§175', '§6', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§102', '§175', '§3679', '§3', '§1515', '§105', '§210', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§1401', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§1516', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§301', '§1517', '§1401', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§1519', '§3679', '§4', '§3', '§1211', '§1531', '§202', '§1604', '§1106', '§1532', '§1210', '§1533', '§1534', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§865', '§875', '§904', '§814', '§8', '§1904', '§1537', '§605', '§731', '§1405', '§1054', '§219', '§1', '§210', '§8', '§1405', '§1004', '§1405', '§1', '§503', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§503', '§45', '§1', '§1406', '§1405', '§2', '§1405', '§1004', '§3', '§102', '§8', '§1004', '§1405', '§6', '§1556', '§3', '§102', '§1557', '§1405', '§9', '§1558', '§813', '§5502', '§5502', '§5502', '§5502']

[USC02] 31 USC Ch. 15: APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTING
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31 USC Ch. 15: APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTING
CHAPTER 15—APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTING
1996—Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LV, §5502(c), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 699, substituted "of a formal protest or other challenge" for "of a protest" in item 1558.
1992—Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1054(e)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2503, substituted "Definitions; applicability of subchapter" for "Definitions and application" in item 1551 and "Procedure for appropriation accounts available for definite periods" for "Audit, control, and reporting" in item 1552.
1990—Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1405(a)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1679, substituted "Audit, control, and reporting" for "Procedure for appropriation accounts available for definite periods" in item 1552 and for "Review of appropriation accounts" in item 1554, "Closing of appropriation accounts available" for "Withdrawal of unobligated balances of appropriations" in item 1555, "General: reports" for "General reports" in item 1556, and "Authority for exemptions in appropriation laws" for "Authorization to exempt" in item 1557.
1989—Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, §813(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1494, added item 1558.
(a) In this subchapter, "appropriations" means—
(1) amounts (except amounts for administrative expenses) available—
1511(a) 31:665(c)(1)(last sentence), (d)(2)(5th sentence). R.S. §3679(c)(1)(last sentence), (d)(2)(5th sentence, 6th sentence less 1st–22d words, last sentence related to price supports), (f)(2); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 765, 766, 767.
§1512. Apportionment and reserves
(a) Except as provided in this subchapter, an appropriation available for obligation for a definite period shall be apportioned to prevent obligation or expenditure at a rate that would indicate a necessity for a deficiency or supplemental appropriation for the period. An appropriation for an indefinite period and authority to make obligations by contract before appropriations shall be apportioned to achieve the most effective and economical use. An apportionment may be reapportioned under this section.
(b)(1) An appropriation subject to apportionment is apportioned by—
(A) months, calendar quarters, operating seasons, or other time periods;
(B) activities, functions, projects, or objects; or
(C) a combination of the ways referred to in clauses (A) and (B) of this paragraph.
(2) The official designated in section 1513 of this title to make apportionments shall apportion an appropriation under paragraph (1) of this subsection as the official considers appropriate. Except as specified by the official, an amount apportioned is available for obligation under the terms of the appropriation on a cumulative basis unless reapportioned.
(c)(1) In apportioning or reapportioning an appropriation, a reserve may be established only—
(A) to provide for contingencies;
(B) to achieve savings made possible by or through changes in requirements or greater efficiency of operations; or
(2) A reserve established under this subsection may be changed as necessary to carry out the scope and objectives of the appropriation concerned. When an official designated in section 1513 of this title to make apportionments decides that an amount reserved will not be required to carry out the objectives and scope of the appropriation concerned, the official shall recommend the rescission of the amount in the way provided in chapter 11 of this title for appropriation requests. Reserves established under this section shall be reported to Congress as provided in the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 681 et seq.).
1512(a) 31:665(c)(1)(1st sentence), (4)(words after 1st comma). R.S. §3679(c)(1)(1st sentence), (3), (4); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 765, 766.
1512(b) 31:665(c)(3).
1512(c) 31:665(c)(2). R.S. §3679(c)(2); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 765; restated July 12, 1974, Pub. L. 93–344, §1002, 88 Stat. 332.
1512(d) 31:665(c)(4)(words before 1st comma).
In subsection (a), the word "appropriation" is substituted for "appropriations or funds" because of the definition of "appropriation" in section 1511 of the revised title. The words "at a rate" are substituted for "in a manner" for clarity. The words "indefinite period" are substituted for "not limited to a definite period of time" for consistency in the revised title. The words "An apportionment may be reapportioned under this section" are substituted for 31:665(c)(4)(words after 1st comma) to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the word "apportioned" is substituted for "distributed" for consistency in the revised section.
In subsections (b)(2) and (d), the word "official" is substituted for "officer" for consistency in the revised title.
In subsection (c)(1)(C), the words "by law" are substituted for "by particular appropriation Acts or other laws" to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (c)(2), the words "appropriation requests" are substituted for "estimates of appropriations" for consistency with chapter 11 of the revised title.
The Impoundment Control Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is parts A and B of title X of Pub. L. 93–344, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 332, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapters I (§681) and II (§682 et seq.) of chapter 17B of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 681 of Title 2 and Tables.
Pub. L. 100–202, §101(c) [title I, §135], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–90, 1329-102, provided that: "Federal funds hereafter appropriated to the District of Columbia government shall not be subject to apportionment except to the extent specifically provided by statute."
§1513. Officials controlling apportionments
(a) The official having administrative control of an appropriation available to the legislative branch, the judicial branch, the United States International Trade Commission, or the District of Columbia government that is required to be apportioned under section 1512 of this title shall apportion the appropriation in writing. An appropriation shall be apportioned not later than the later of the following:
(1) 30 days before the beginning of the fiscal year for which the appropriation is available; or
(2) 30 days after the date of enactment of the law by which the appropriation is made available.
(b)(1) The President shall apportion in writing an appropriation available to an executive agency (except the Commission) that is required to be apportioned under section 1512 of this title. The head of each executive agency to which the appropriation is available shall submit to the President information required for the apportionment in the form and the way and at the time specified by the President. The information shall be submitted not later than the later of the following:
(A) 40 days before the beginning of the fiscal year for which the appropriation is available; or
(B) 15 days after the date of enactment of the law by which the appropriation is made available.
(2) The President shall notify the head of the executive agency of the action taken in apportioning the appropriation under paragraph (1) of this subsection not later than the later of the following:
(A) 20 days before the beginning of the fiscal year for which the appropriation is available; or
(B) 30 days after the date of enactment of the law by which the appropriation is made available.
(c) By the first day of each fiscal year, the head of each executive department of the United States Government shall apportion among the major organizational units of the department the maximum amount to be expended by each unit during the fiscal year out of each contingent fund appropriated for the entire year for the department. Each amount may be changed during the fiscal year only by written direction of the head of the department. The direction shall state the reasons for the change.
(d) An appropriation apportioned under this subchapter may be divided and subdivided administratively within the limits of the apportionment.
(e) This section does not affect the initiation and operation of agricultural price support programs.
1513(a) 31:665(d)(1). R.S. §3679(d)(1), (2)(1st–4th sentences, 6th sentence 1st–22d words), (g)(1st sentence); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 766, 767; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, §102(a), 84 Stat. 2085; Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–618, §175(a)(2), 88 Stat. 2011.
1513(b) 31:665(d)(2)(1st–4th sentences).
1513(c) 31:669(words before semicolon). Aug. 23, 1912, ch. 350, §6(words before semicolon), 37 Stat. 414.
1513(d) 31:665(g)(1st sentence).
1513(e) 31:665(d)(2)(6th sentence 1st–22d words).
In the section, the word "apportion" is substituted for "apportionment or reapportionment" because of section 1512(a)(last sentence) of the revised title.
In subsection (a), before clause (1), the word "official" is substituted for "officer" for consistency in the revised title. The words "judicial branch" are substituted for "judiciary", and the words "District of Columbia government" are substituted for "District of Columbia", for consistency.
In subsection (b), the word "President" is substituted for "Director of the Office of Management and Budget", "Office of Management and Budget", and "Director" because sections 101 and 102(a) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970 (eff. July 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 2085) designated the Bureau of the Budget as the Office of Management and Budget and transferred all functions of the Bureau to the President.
In subsection (b)(1), the words "(except the Commission)" are added because the International Trade Commission is covered specifically by the source provisions restated in subsection (a).
In subsection (b)(2), the words "head of the executive agency" are substituted for "agency" as being more precise and because of section 102 of the revised title.
In subsection (c), the words "In addition to the apportionment required by section 665 of this title" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The words "By the first day" are substituted for "on or before the beginning", and the words "of the United States Government" are added, for clarity. The words "major organizational unit" are substituted for "office or bureau" for consistency in the revised section. The word "changed" is substituted for "increased or diminished" to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (e), the words "initiation and operation" are substituted for "initiation, operation, and administration" to eliminate unnecessary words.
(a) The official having administrative control of an appropriation available to the legislative branch, the judicial branch, the United States International Trade Commission, or the District of Columbia government, and, subject to the approval of the President, the head of each executive agency (except the Commission) shall prescribe by regulation a system of administrative control not inconsistent with accounting procedures prescribed under law. The system shall be designed to—
1514(a) 31:665(g)(2d sentence). R.S. §3679(g)(2d sentence); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 767; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, §102(a), 84 Stat. 2085; Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–618, §175(a)(2), 88 Stat. 2011.
1514(b) 31:665(g)(last sentence). R.S. §3679(g)(last sentence); added Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 814, §3, 70 Stat. 783.
§1515. Authorized apportionments necessitating deficiency or supplemental appropriations
(a) An appropriation required to be apportioned under section 1512 of this title may be apportioned on a basis that indicates the need for a deficiency or supplemental appropriation to the extent necessary to permit payment of such pay increases as may be granted pursuant to law to civilian officers and employees (including prevailing rate employees whose pay is fixed and adjusted under subchapter IV of chapter 53 of title 5) and to retired and active military personnel.
(b)(1) Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, an official may make, and the head of an executive agency may request, an apportionment under section 1512 of this title that would indicate a necessity for a deficiency or supplemental appropriation only when the official or agency head decides that the action is required because of—
(A) a law enacted after submission to Congress of the estimates for an appropriation that requires an expenditure beyond administrative control; or
(B) an emergency involving the safety of human life, the protection of property, or the immediate welfare of individuals when an appropriation that would allow the United States Government to pay, or contribute to, amounts required to be paid to individuals in specific amounts fixed by law or under formulas prescribed by law, is insufficient.
(2) If an official making an apportionment decides that an apportionment would indicate a necessity for a deficiency or supplemental appropriation, the official shall submit immediately a detailed report of the facts to Congress. The report shall be referred to in submitting a proposed deficiency or supplemental appropriation.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 931; Pub. L. 100–202, §105, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–433.)
1515(a) 31:665a. June 5, 1957, Pub. L. 85–48, §210, 71 Stat. 55.
1515(b)(1) 31:665(e)(1). R.S. §3679(e)(1); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 767; restated Aug. 28, 1957, Pub. L. 85–170, §1401, 71 Stat. 440.
1515(b)(2) 31:665(e)(2). R.S. §3679(e)(2); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 767.
In subsection (a), the words "On and after June 5, 1957" are omitted as executed. The words "deficiency or supplemental appropriation" are substituted for "supplemental or deficiency estimate of appropriation" for consistency with chapter 11 of the revised title. The words "prevailing rate employees whose pay is fixed and adjusted under subchapter IV of chapter 53 of title 5" are substituted for "those employees (commonly known as wage-board employees) whose compensation is fixed and adjusted from time to time in accordance with prevailing rates (5 U.S.C. 5102(c)(7), 5341 et seq.)" for consistency with title 5.
In subsection (b), the word "apportionment" is substituted for "apportionment or reapportionment" because of section 1512(a)(last sentence) of the revised title.
In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section" are added because of the restatement. The word "appropriation" is substituted for "estimate" for consistency in the revised section. The words "is insufficient" are added for clarity.
In subsection (b)(2), the words "proposed deficiency or supplemental appropriation" are substituted for "deficiency or supplemental estimates" for consistency with chapter 11 of the revised title.
1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–202 added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: "An appropriation required to be apportioned under section 1512 of this title may be apportioned on a basis that indicates a necessity for a deficiency or supplemental appropriation to the extent necessary to permit payment of pay increases for prevailing rate employees whose pay is fixed and adjusted under subchapter IV of chapter 53 of title 5."
§1516. Exemptions
An official designated in section 1513 of this title to make apportionments may exempt from apportionment—
(1) a trust fund or working fund if an expenditure from the fund has no significant effect on the financial operations of the United States Government;
(2) a working capital fund or a revolving fund established for intragovernmental operations;
(3) receipts from industrial and power operations available under law; and
(4) appropriations made specifically for—
(A) interest on, or retirement of, the public debt;
(B) payment of claims, judgments, refunds, and drawbacks;
(C) items the President decides are of a confidential nature;
(D) payment under a law requiring payment of the total amount of the appropriation to a designated payee; and
(E) grants to the States under the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 931.)
1516 31:665(f)(1). R.S. §3679(f)(1); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 767.
In the section, before clause (1), the word "apportionments" is substituted for "apportionments and reapportionments" because of section 1512(a)(last sentence) of the revised title. In subclause (D), the word "law" is substituted for "private relief acts or other laws" to eliminate unnecessary words.
The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (4)(E), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.
§1517. Prohibited obligations and expenditures
(a) An officer or employee of the United States Government or of the District of Columbia government may not make or authorize an expenditure or obligation exceeding—
(2) the amount permitted by regulations prescribed under section 1514(a) of this title.
(b) If an officer or employee of an executive agency or of the District of Columbia government violates subsection (a) of this section, the head of the executive agency or the Mayor of the District of Columbia, as the case may be, shall report immediately to the President and Congress all relevant facts and a statement of actions taken. A copy of each report shall also be transmitted to the Comptroller General on the same date the report is transmitted to the President and Congress.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 932; Pub. L. 108–447, div. G, title I, §1401(b), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3192.)
1517(a) 31:665(h). R.S. §3679(h), (i)(2)(related to (h)); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 768.
1517(b) 31:665(i)(2)(related to (h)).
In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "District of Columbia government" are added because of section 9 of the Act of June 26, 1912 (ch. 182, 37 Stat. 184). In clause (1), the word "apportionment" is substituted for "apportionment or reapportionment" because of section 1512(a)(last sentence) of the revised title.
In subsection (b), the word "Mayor" is used because of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1967 (eff. Aug. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 948) and sections 421, 422, and 771 of the District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act (Pub. L. 93–198, 87 Stat. 789, 818). The word "President" is substituted for "President, through the Director of the Office of Management and Budget" because sections 101 and 102(a) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970 (eff. July 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 2085) designated the Bureau of the Budget as the Office of Management and Budget and transferred all functions of the Bureau to the President.
2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–447 inserted at end "A copy of each report shall also be transmitted to the Comptroller General on the same date the report is transmitted to the President and Congress."
1518 31:665(i)(1)(words before semicolon related to (h)). R.S. §3679(i)(1)(words before semicolon related to (h)); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 768.
The words "In addition to any penalty or liability under other law" are omitted as surplus. The words "District of Columbia government" are added because of section 9 of the Act of June 26, 1912 (ch. 182, 37 Stat. 184).
§1519. Criminal penalty
An officer or employee of the United States Government or of the District of Columbia government knowingly and willfully violating section 1517(a) of this title shall be fined not more than $5,000, imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.
1519 31:665(i)(1)(words after semicolon related to (h)). R.S. §3679(i)(1)(words after semicolon related to (h)); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 768.
The words "District of Columbia government" are added because of section 9 of the Act of June 26, 1912 (ch. 182, 37 Stat. 184).
§1531. Transfers of functions and activities
(a) The balance of an appropriation available and necessary to finance or discharge a function or activity transferred or assigned under law within an executive agency or from one executive agency to another may be transferred to and used—
(1) by the organizational unit or agency to which the function or activity was transferred or assigned; and
(2) for a purpose for which the appropriation was originally available.
(b) The head of the executive agency determines the amount that, with the approval of the President, is necessary to be transferred when the transfer or assignment of the function or activity is within the agency. The President determines the amount necessary to be transferred when the transfer or assignment of the function or activity is from one executive agency to another.
(c) A balance transferred under this section is—
(1) credited to an applicable existing or new appropriation account;
(2) merged with the amount in an account to which the balance is credited; and
(3) with the amount with which the balance is merged, accounted for as one amount.
(d) New appropriation accounts may be established to carry out subsection (c)(1) of this section.
1531(a), (b) 31:581c(a)(1st sentence), (b)(1st sentence). Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, §202, 64 Stat. 838.
1531(c), (d) 31:581c(a)(last sentence), (b)(last sentence).
In subsections (a) and (b), the defined term "executive agency" in section 102 of the revised title is substituted for "department or establishment" for consistency and clarity.
In subsection (a), the words "organizational unit or agency" are substituted for "agency", and the word "appropriation" is substituted for "said funds", for consistency and clarity.
Subsection (d) is substituted for "which are hereby authorized to be established" because of the restatement.
Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, §1604, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1598, provided that funds available for military functions of Department of Defense could not be made available to any other department or agency of Federal Government pursuant to a provision of law enacted after Nov. 29, 1989, unless, not less than 30 days before such funds were made available to such other department or agency, Secretary of Defense submitted to congressional defense committees a report describing effect on military preparedness of making such funds available to such department or agency, prior to repeal and restatement in section 2215 of Title 10, Armed Forces, by Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, §1106(a)(1), (b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1750.
§1532. Withdrawal and credit
1532 31:628–1. Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1210(less last proviso), 64 Stat. 765.
The word "limitations" is substituted for "limitations, conditions, and restrictions" to eliminate unnecessary words.
§1533. Transfers of appropriations for salaries and expenses to carry out national defense responsibilities
An appropriation of an executive agency for salaries and expenses is available to carry out national defense responsibilities assigned to the agency under law. A transfer necessary to carry out this section may be made between appropriations or allocations within the executive agency. An allocation may not be made to an executive agency that can carry out with its regular personnel a defense activity assigned to it by using the authority of this section to realign its regular programs.
1533 31:697. June 2, 1951, ch. 121, ch. XI(proviso immediately before heading "Independent Offices"), 65 Stat. 61.
The words "executive agency" are substituted for "department, agency, or corporation, in the executive branch of the Government" because of section 102 of the revised title. The words "authority of this section" are substituted for "foregoing authority" for clarity.
§1534. Adjustments between appropriations
(a) An appropriation available to an agency may be charged at any time during a fiscal year for the benefit of another appropriation available to the agency to pay costs—
(1) when amounts are available in both the appropriation to be charged and the appropriation to be benefited; and
(2) subject to limitations applicable to the appropriations.
(b) Amounts paid under this section are charged on a final basis during, or as of the close of, the fiscal year to the appropriation benefited. The appropriation charged under subsection (a) of this section shall be appropriately credited.
1534(a) 31:628a(1st sentence). June 29, 1966, Pub. L. 89–473, §1, 80 Stat. 221.
1534(b) 31:628a(last sentence).
In subsection (a), the words "Subject to limitations applicable with respect to each appropriation concerned" are omitted as surplus. The words "or any bureau or office thereof" are omitted as being included in "agency". The words "to pay costs" are substituted for "for the purpose of financing the procurement of materials and services, or financing other costs" to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (b), the words "amounts paid under this section" are substituted for "such expenses so financed", and the words "appropriations charged under subsection (a) of this section" are substituted for "financing appropriation", for clarity.
In the section, the word "agency" is substituted for "executive department or independent establishment of the Government" for clarity. See 12 Comp. Gen. 442 (1932) and United States v. Mitchell, 425 F. Supp. 917 (D.D.C. 1976). The words "major organizational unit" or "unit" are substituted for "bureau or office" for consistency in the revised title. The words "to fill the order" or "filling the order" are substituted for "such requisitioned" and "as may be requisitioned" for clarity and because of the restatement. The words "goods or services" are substituted for "materials, supplies, equipment, work, or services" to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (a)(4), the words "the head of the agency decides" are added, and the words "commercial enterprise" are substituted for "private agencies", for clarity. The words "by competitive bids" are omitted as surplus because of various procurement laws.
In subsection (b), the words "The Secretary of Defense" are added for clarity because of Comptroller General decision B–20179 (Apr. 1, 1981). The words "a military department of the Department of Defense" are substituted for "the Department of the Army, Navy Department" for consistency with title 10 and to apply the source provisions to the Department of the Air Force because of sections 205(a) and 207(a) and (f) of the Act of July 26, 1947 (ch. 343, 61 Stat. 501, 502), and section 1 of the Act of August 10, 1956 (ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 488). The words "Secretary of Transportation in carrying out duties and powers related to aviation and the Coast Guard" are substituted for "Federal Aviation Agency, Coast Guard" to reflect the transfer of those functions to the Secretary of Transportation. The words "the Administrator of General Services" are added to reflect the transfer of the functions of the Bureau of Federal Supply of the Treasury Department to the Administrator by section 102(a) of the Act of June 30, 1949 (40:752(a)). The words "the Administrator of" are added before "Maritime Administration" for clarity and consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
In subsection (c), the words "pursuant to such order" are omitted as unnecessary.
In subsection (e), the words "any Government department or independent establishment, or any bureau or office thereof" and "except as otherwise provided by law" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The text of 31:686b(a) is omitted as executed.
1984—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 98–216, §1(2)(A), inserted "or get by contract" after "provide".
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 98–216, §1(2)(B), inserted "by contract" after "provided".
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §865, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4550, as amended by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §875, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1906, provided that:
"(a) Office of Management and Budget Policy Guidance.—
"(1) Report and guidelines.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008], the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall—
"(A) submit to Congress a comprehensive report on interagency acquisitions, including their frequency of use, management controls, cost-effectiveness, and savings generated; and
"(B) issue guidelines to assist the heads of executive agencies in improving the management of interagency acquisitions.
"(2) Matters covered by guidelines.—For purposes of paragraph (1)(B), the Director shall include guidelines on the following matters:
"(A) Procedures for the use of interagency acquisitions to maximize competition, deliver best value to executive agencies, and minimize waste, fraud, and abuse.
"(B) Categories of contracting inappropriate for interagency acquisition.
"(C) Requirements for training acquisition workforce personnel in the proper use of interagency acquisitions.
"(b) Regulations Required.—
"(1) In general.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008], the Federal Acquisition Regulation shall be revised to require that—
"(A) all interagency assisted acquisitions include a written agreement between the requesting agency and the servicing agency assigning responsibility for the administration and management of the contract; and
"(B) all interagency assisted acquisitions include sufficient documentation to ensure an adequate audit.
"(2) Multi-agency contracts.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Acquisition Regulation shall be revised to require any multi-agency contract entered into by an executive agency after the effective date of such regulations to be supported by a business case analysis detailing the administration of such contract, including an analysis of all direct and indirect costs to the Federal Government of awarding and administering such contract and the impact such contract will have on the ability of the Federal Government to leverage its purchasing power.
"(c) Agency Reporting Requirement.—The senior procurement executive for each executive agency shall, as directed by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, submit to the Director annual reports on the actions taken by the executive agency pursuant to the guidelines issued under subsection (a).
"(1) The term 'executive agency' has the meaning given such term in section 4(1) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 403(1)) [see 41 U.S.C. 133], except that, in the case of a military department, it means the Department of Defense.
"(2) The term 'head of executive agency' means the head of an executive agency except that, in the case of a military department, the term means the Secretary of Defense.
"(3) The term 'interagency acquisition' means a procedure by which an executive agency needing supplies or services (the requesting agency) obtains them from another executive agency (the servicing agency). The term includes acquisitions under section 1535 of title 31, United States Code (commonly referred to as the 'Economy Act'), Federal Supply Schedules above $500,000, and Governmentwide acquisition contracts.
"(4) The term 'multi-agency contract' means a task or delivery order contract established for use by more than one executive agency to obtain supplies and services, consistent with section 1535 of title 31, United States Code (commonly referred to as the 'Economy Act')."
"(a) Review Required.—The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall conduct a review of existing authorities regarding the use of Air Force and Air National Guard Modular Airborne Fire-Fighting Systems units and other Department of Defense assets to fight wildfires to ensure that, in accordance with applicable legal requirements, such assets are available in the most expeditious manner to fight wildfires on Federal lands or non-Federal lands at the request of a Federal agency or State government. In conducting the review, the Director shall specifically consider—
"(1) any adverse impact caused by the restrictions contained in section 1535(a)(4) of title 31, United States Code, or caused by the interpretation of such restrictions, on the ability of the Forest Service and other Federal agencies to procure such firefighting services; and
"(2) whether the authorities under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), including section 403(c) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 5170b), are being properly utilized to facilitate an expeditious Department of Defense response to State requests under, and consistent with, such Act for firefighting services.
"(b) Determination Required.—On the basis of the review, the Director shall make a determination regarding whether existing authorities are being used in a manner consistent with using the available capabilities of Department of Defense assets to fight wildfires in the most expeditious and efficacious way to minimize the risk to public safety.
"(c) Expedited Economy Act Review Process.—If the Director determines under subsection (b) that existing authorities are adequate for the deployment of Department of Defense assets to fight wildfires, the Director shall develop and implement, subject to subsection (f), such modifications to the process for conducting the cost comparison required by section 1535(a)(4) of title 31, United States Code, as the Director considers appropriate to further expedite the procurement of such firefighting services.
"(d) Development and Implementation of Revised Policies.—If the Director determines under subsection (b) that the existing authorities or their use is inadequate or can be improved, the Director shall develop and implement, subject to subsection (f), such regulations, policies, and interagency procedures as may be necessary to improve the ability of the Department of Defense to respond to a request by a Federal agency or State government to assist in fighting wildfires on Federal lands or non-Federal lands under section 1535(a) of title 31, United States Code, or the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), or both.
"(e) Reporting Requirement.—Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003], the Director shall transmit to Congress a report—
"(1) containing the results of the review conducted under subsection (a) and the determination made under subsection (b); and
"(2) based on such determination, describing the modifications proposed to be made to existing authorities under subsection (c) or (d), including whether there is a need for legislative changes to further improve the procedures for using Department of Defense assets to fight wildfires.
"(f) Delayed Implementation.—The modifications described in the report prepared under subsection (e) to be made to existing authorities under subsection (c) or (d) shall not take effect until the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date on which the report is transmitted to Congress."
Pub. L. 107–206, title I, §904, Aug. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 876, provided that: "Nothing in section 1535 of title 31, U.S.C. (commonly referred to as the 'Economy Act'), or any other provision of such title may be construed to prevent or restrict the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives from placing orders under such section during any fiscal year in the same manner and to the same extent as the head of any other major organizational unit with an agency may place orders under such section during a fiscal year."
Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VIII, §814, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2087, which directed Secretary of Defense, not later than 90 days after Oct. 17, 1998, to revise regulations issued pursuant to section 844 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (Pub. L. 103–160, see below) to cover certain purchases greater than the micro-purchase threshold and to provide for a streamlined method of compliance for any such purchase that is not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold, ceased to be effective 1 year after date on which final regulations took effect. Final regulations were published in the Federal Register Mar. 25, 1999, effective on that date. See 64 F.R. 14399.
Pub. L. 101–163, title I, §8, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1046, as amended by Pub. L. 112–10, div. B, title IX, §1904, Apr. 15, 2011, 125 Stat. 170, provided that:
"(1) The Secretary of the Senate and the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate are authorized to acquire goods, services, or space from government agencies and units by agreement under the provisions of the Economy Act, 31 U.S.C. 1535, and to make advance payments in conjunction therewith, if required by the providing agency or establishment.
"(2) No advance payment may be made under paragraph (1) unless specifically provided for in the agreement. No agreement providing for advance payment may be entered into unless it contains a provision requiring the refund of any unobligated balance of the advance.
"(3) Agreement under paragraph (1) shall be in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate."
In subsection (b), the words "providing goods or services" are substituted for "furnishing the materials, supplies, or equipment, or in performing the work or services" to eliminate unnecessary words.
§1537. Services between the United States Government and the District of Columbia government
(a) To prevent duplication and to promote efficiency and economy, an officer or employee of—
(1) the United States Government may provide services to the District of Columbia government; and
(2) the District of Columbia government may provide services to the United States Government.
(b)(1) Services under this section shall be provided under an agreement—
(A) negotiated by officers and employees of the 2 governments; and
(B) approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the Mayor of the District of Columbia.
(2) Each agreement shall provide that the cost of providing the services shall be borne in the way provided in subsection (c) of this section by the government to which the services are provided at rates or charges based on the actual cost of providing the services.
(3) To carry out an agreement made under this subsection, the agreement may provide for the delegation of duties and powers of officers and employees of—
(A) the District of Columbia government to officers and employees of the United States Government; and
(B) the United States Government to officers and employees of the District of Columbia government.
(c) In providing services under an agreement made under subsection (b) of this section—
(1) costs incurred by the United States Government may be paid from appropriations available to the District of Columbia government officer or employee to whom the services were provided; and
(2) costs incurred by the District of Columbia government may be paid from amounts available to the United States Government officer or employee to whom the services were provided.
(d) When requested by the Director of the United States Secret Service, the Chief of the Metropolitan Police shall assist the Secret Service and the Secret Service Uniformed Division on a non-reimbursable basis in carrying out their protective duties under sections 3056 and 3056A of title 18.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 934; Pub. L. 109–177, title VI, §605(d)(1), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 255.)
1537(a) 31:685a(a)(1st sentence). Dec. 24, 1973, Pub. L. 93–198, §731, 87 Stat. 822.
1537(b) 31:685a(a)(2d, last sentences), (b).
1537(c) 31:685a(c)(less last sentence words after last comma).
1537(d) 31:685a(c)(last sentence words after last comma).
In the section, the words "District of Columbia" are substituted for "District" for clarity and consistency.
In subsection (a), the word "duplication" is substituted for "duplication of effort" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "officer or employee of the United States Government" are substituted for "any Federal officer or agency", and the words "officer or employee of the District of Columbia government" are substituted for "any District officer or agency", for consistency.
In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "Except where the terms and conditions governing the furnishing of such services are prescribed by other provisions of law" are omitted as surplus. In clause (A), the words "officers and employees of the 2 governments" are substituted for "Federal and District authorities" for consistency. In clause (B), the words "of the District of Columbia" are added for clarity.
In subsection (b)(3), before clause (A), the words "duties and powers" are substituted for "functions" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The text of 31:685a(b)(last sentence) is omitted as surplus.
In subsection (c)(1), the words "United States Government" are substituted for "each Federal officer and agency" for clarity.
In subsection (c)(2), the words "District of Columbia government" are substituted for "each District officer and agency" for consistency.
2006—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–177 substituted "and the Secret Service Uniformed Division" for "and the Executive Protective Service" and "their protective duties under sections 3056 and 3056A of title 18" for "their protective duties under section 302 of title 3 and section 3056 of title 18".
(a) In this subchapter—
(b) The limitations on the availability for expenditure prescribed in this subchapter apply to all appropriations unless specifically otherwise authorized by a law that specifically—
(c) This subchapter does not apply to—
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 935; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1405(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1676; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1054(e)(2), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2503; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §219(b)(1), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1748.)
1551(a) 31:701(c)(1st sentence). July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §1(c)(1st sentence), 70 Stat. 648; July 8, 1959, Pub. L. 86–79, §210(b), 73 Stat. 167.
1551(b) 31:707. July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §8, 70 Stat. 650.
1996—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".
1992—Pub. L. 102–484 substituted "Definitions; applicability of subchapter" for "Definitions and applications" as section catchline.
1990—Pub. L. 101–510 amended text generally, reenacting former subsec. (a)(1) and (2) with a change in capitalization, adding subsecs. (a)(3) and (b), and restating former subsec. (b) as (c).
Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1405(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1679, as amended by Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1004, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2481, provided that:
"(1) Application of amendments.—The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 1552 to 1557 of this title] shall apply to any appropriation account the obligated balance of which, on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990], has not been transferred under section 1552(a)(1) of title 31, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this section.
"(2) Restoration of certain unobligated amounts.—The balance of any unobligated amount withdrawn under section 1552(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, from an account the obligated balance of which has not been transferred under section 1552(a)(1) of title 31, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this section, is hereby restored to that account.
"(3) Cancellation of unobligated balances.—All balances of unobligated funds withdrawn from an account under subsection 1552(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act (other than funds restored under paragraph (2)) are canceled, effective at the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act.
"(4) Cancellation of obligated balances.—On the third September 30th after the date of the enactment of this Act, all obligated balances transferred under subsection 1552(a)(1) of title 31, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, shall be canceled.
"(5) Obligation of existing balances.—After the date of the enactment of this Act, an obligation of any part of a balance transferred before the date of the enactment of this Act under section 1552(a)(1) of title 31, United States Code, shall be subject to section 1553(c) of such title, as amended by subsection (a).
"(6) Cancellation of oldest obligated balances.—(A) At the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date on which the President submits to Congress the budget for fiscal year 1992, any amount in an account established under paragraph (1) of section 1552 of title 31, United States Code, as in effect before the date of the enactment of this Act, that has been in that account as of that date for a period in excess of five years shall be deobligated and shall be withdrawn in the manner provided in paragraph (2) of that section. Amounts so deobligated and withdrawn may not be restored.
"(B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply so as to require the deobligation of amounts—
"(7) Obligations and adjustment of obligations.—(A) After cancellation of unobligated balances under paragraph (3) or cancellation of obligated balances under paragraph (4) or paragraph (6) and subject to the provisions of subparagraph (B), obligations and adjustments to obligations that would have been chargeable to those balances before such cancellations and that are not otherwise chargeable to current appropriations of the agency concerned may be charged to current appropriations of that agency available for the same purpose. Any charge made pursuant to this subsection shall be limited to the unobligated expired balances of the original appropriation available for the same purpose.
"(8) Obligations and adjustments of obligations for expired but not closed accounts.—(A) Subject to subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D), in the case of an appropriation account for a fiscal year before fiscal year 1992 for which the period of availability for obligation has expired but which has not been closed under the provisions of section 1552(a) of title 31, United States Code, or paragraph (4) of this section, an obligation and an adjustment of an obligation may be charged to any current appropriation account of the Department of Defense that is available for the same purpose as the expired account if—
"(B) The total amount charged to a current appropriation account under subparagraph (A) may not exceed an amount equal to the lesser of—
"(D) Certifications.—No obligation or adjustment of an obligation may be charged pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph until the Secretary of Defense (except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (E)) certifies to Congress the following:
"(E) Alternative to certification.—If the Secretary of Defense is unable to make the certifications referred to in subparagraph (D) within 60 days after the date of the enactment of this subparagraph [Oct. 23, 1992], the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a report stating that the Secretary is unable to make such certifications and setting forth the actions that the Secretary will take in order to enable the Secretary to make such certifications after the end of that period."
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 935; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1405(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1676.)
1552(a) 31:701(a)(1). July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §1(a)(1), 70 Stat. 647; restated July 12, 1974, Pub. L. 93–344, §503(a), 88 Stat. 321.
31:701(a)(2). July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §1(a)(2), 70 Stat. 648; June 29, 1960, Pub. L. 86–533, §1(25), 74 Stat. 249.
31:701(b). July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §1(b), 70 Stat. 648; restated July 12, 1974, Pub. L. 93–344, §503(b), 88 Stat. 322; Apr. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94–273, §45, 90 Stat. 382.
1552(b) 31:701(c)(last sentence). July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §§1(c)(last sentence), (d), 5, 70 Stat. 648, 649.
1990—Pub. L. 101–510 amended text generally, revising and restating former subsecs. (a) to (d) as subsecs. (a) and (b).
Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1406, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1680, required the Secretary of Defense to provide for an audit of each account of the Department of Defense established under subsec. (a)(1) of this section, as in effect on the day before Nov. 5, 1990, and to provide Congress with a final report on the audit by Dec. 31, 1991.
(2) In the case of a fixed appropriation account with respect to which the period of availability for obligation has ended, if an obligation of funds from that account to provide funds for a program, project, or activity to cover amounts required for contract changes would cause the total amount obligated from that appropriation during a fiscal year for that program, project, or activity to exceed $25,000,000, the obligation may not be made until—
(2) This subchapter does not—
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 936; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1405(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1676.)
1553(a) 31:702(1st sentence). July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §2, 70 Stat. 648.
1990—Pub. L. 101–510 amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
"(b) Under regulations prescribed by the Comptroller General, obligations under subsection (a) of this section may be paid without prior action of the Comptroller General. However, this subchapter does not—
(2) Each report required by this subsection shall—
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 936; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1405(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1677; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1004(b), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1457.)
1554(a) 31:703(a)(1st, 2d sentences, last sentence proviso). July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §3(a), 70 Stat. 649; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, §102(a), 84 Stat. 2085; Apr. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94–273, §8(1), 90 Stat. 378.
1991—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 102–190 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows:
1990—Pub. L. 101–510 substituted "Audit, control, and reporting" for "Review of appropriation accounts" in section catchline and amended text generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (d) for former subsecs. (a) and (b) which required the head of each agency to annually review each appropriation account established by the agency under section 1552 of this title.
Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1004(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1457, provided that: "At the same time that the President submits to Congress the budget for each of fiscal years 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996 under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall submit to Congress a report regarding the effect on the Federal deficit of payments and adjustments made with respect to sections 1552 and 1553 of such title for the fiscal year in which such budget is submitted, the fiscal year preceding that fiscal year, and the fiscal year covered by that budget. The report shall include separate estimates for the accounts of each agency."
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 937; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1405(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1678.)
1555(a) 31:706(less proviso). July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §6, 70 Stat. 649.
1990—Pub. L. 101–510 substituted "Closing of appropriation accounts available" for "Withdrawal of unobligated balances of appropriations" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
§1556. Comptroller General: reports on appropriation accounts
(1) the head of the agency concerned;
(2) the Secretary of the Treasury; and
(3) the President.
(b) A report under this section shall include an appraisal of unpaid obligations under fixed appropriation accounts for which the period of availability for obligation has ended.
1556(a) 31:703(b)(1st sentence words before 4th comma). July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §3(b), 70 Stat. 649; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, §102(a), 84 Stat. 2085.
1556(b) 31:703(b)(1st sentence words after 4th comma, last sentence).
In the section, the word "President" is substituted for "Director of the Office of Management and Budget" because sections 101 and 102(a) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970 (eff. July 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 2085) designated the Bureau of the Budget as the Office of Management and Budget and transferred all functions of the Bureau to the President.
1990—Pub. L. 101–510 substituted "General: reports" for "General reports" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
"(a) In carrying out audit responsibilities, the Comptroller General shall report on operations under this subchapter to—
"(1) the head of the agency concerned;
"(2) the Secretary of the Treasury; and
"(3) the President.
"(b) A report under this section shall include an appraisal of unpaid obligations under appropriation accounts established under section 1552 of this title. By the 30th day after receiving a report, the head of the agency concerned shall carry out actions required by section 1554 of this title that the report shows is necessary."
§1557. Authority for exemptions in appropriation laws
A provision of an appropriation law may exempt an appropriation from the provisions of this subchapter and fix the period for which the appropriation remains available for expenditure.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 937; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1405(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1679.)
1557 31:708. July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §9, 70 Stat. 650.
1990—Pub. L. 101–510 substituted "Authority for exemptions in appropriation laws" for "Authorization to exempt" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A provision of an appropriation law may exempt an appropriation from this subchapter and fix the period for which the appropriation remains available for expenditure."
§1558. Availability of funds following resolution of a formal protest or other challenge
(a) Notwithstanding section 1552 of this title or any other provision of law, funds available to an agency for obligation for a contract at the time a protest or other action referred to in subsection (b) is filed in connection with a solicitation for, proposed award of, or award of such contract shall remain available for obligation for 100 days after the date on which the final ruling is made on the protest or other action. A ruling is considered final on the date on which the time allowed for filing an appeal or request for reconsideration has expired, or the date on which a decision is rendered on such an appeal or request, whichever is later.
(1) any protest filed under subchapter V of chapter 35 of this title; or
(2) an action commenced under administrative procedures or for a judicial remedy if—
(A) the action involves a challenge to—
(i) a solicitation for a contract;
(ii) a proposed award of a contract;
(iii) an award of a contract; or
(iv) the eligibility of an offeror or potential offeror for a contract or of the contractor awarded the contract; and
(B) commencement of the action delays or prevents an executive agency from making an award of a contract or proceeding with a procurement.
(Added Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, §813(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1494; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LV, §5502(a), (b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 698, 699.)
1996—Pub. L. 104–106, §5502(b), substituted "of a formal protest or other challenge" for "of a protest" in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–106, §5502(a)(1), inserted "or other action referred to in subsection (b)" after "time a protest", substituted "100 days" for "90 working days", and inserted "or other action" after "on the protest".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–106, §5502(a)(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "Subsection (a) applies with respect to any protest filed under subchapter V of chapter 35 of this title or under section 111(f) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 759(f))."