Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7513218?dq=6985872
Timestamp: 2017-11-24 20:00:14
Document Index: 702268291

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.\n8', 'art 40', 'art 40', 'art 40', 'art 40', 'art 88', 'art 88', 'art 88', 'art 88', 'art 88']

Patent US7513218 - Potable water delivery system for animals - Google Patents
An animal water supply system includes disposable containers such as plastic bags that can be supplied in bulk in sterile form and filled under a change hood or other sanitary environment using a filling machine located in the sanitary environment. The containers preferably comprise plastic bags configured...http://www.google.com/patents/US7513218?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7513218 - Potable water delivery system for animals
Publication number US7513218 B1
Application number US 10/940,282
Also published as US8056510, US20090223462
Publication number 10940282, 940282, US 7513218 B1, US 7513218B1, US-B1-7513218, US7513218 B1, US7513218B1
Inventors David W. Handley, Randal S. Knurr
Original Assignee Edstrom Industries, Inc.
Patent Citations (27), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (6), Classifications (6), Legal Events (7)
Potable water delivery system for animals
US 7513218 B1
(A) providing a multi-room animal laboratory facility including an animal room having at least one rack bearing cages, at least some of which contains at least one animal, the facility additionally including at least one additional room separated from the animal room; and
(B) within the animal room,
1) removing an empty animal watering bag from a bulk stack of animal watering bags located in a mobile HEPA filtered change hood, each of the bags having a hollow interior and a fill opening that extends through a surface of the watering bag and into the interior; then
2) filling the removed animal watering bag with water using a filling machine located in the change hood; then
3) placing the filled animal watering bag in or on a cage located in the change hood; and then
4) removing the cage from the change hood and placing the cage with the filled animal watering container on the rack.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising attaching an animal watering valve to the at least one animal watering bag.
3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein, for each animal watering bag, the attaching step comprises inserting a barbed shank of the valve through a pre-formed opening in the animal watering bag and into a position in which an annular surface on the barbed shank seals against a perimeter of the opening.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the filling step comprises:
(A) suspending a bag from a hanger of a bag filling machine, then
(B) inserting a fill nozzle into an opening in the bag and filling the bag with water through the nozzle,
(C) removing the nozzle from the opening, then
(D) inserting an animal watering valve into the opening, and then
(E) removing the bag from the hanger.
5. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein the step of inserting the fill nozzle into the opening comprises swinging an arm bearing the nozzle toward the bag, and further comprising swinging the arm away from the bag prior to the step of inserting the animal watering valve into the opening.
6. The method as reciting into claim 5, further comprising at least one of 1) automatically initiating the flow of water into the bag when the arm swings toward the bag and 2) automatically terminating the flow of water into the bag when the arm swings away from the bag.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising disposing of a used animal watering bag by placing it in used bag receptacle on a cart.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of placing the animal watering bag within the cage comprises laying the animal watering bag on a liner supported by a wire bar lid on top of a base of the cage and inserting a watering valve on the bag through an opening in the liner, through the wire bar lid, and into an interior of the cage.
9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the filling step comprises dispensing a predetermined volume of water into the animal watering bag.
10. The method as recited in claim 9, further comprising automatically terminating the dispensing step upon the dispensing of the predetermined volume of water into the bag.
11. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising weighing the animal watering bag to detect the presence of the predetermined volume of water in the animal watering bag.
12. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the facility further includes a cleaning room.
13. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising cleaning animal watering valves in a cleaning machine located in the cleaning room.
14. The method as recited in claim 13, wherein the filling step comprises positioning the opening in the removed animal watering bag at least one animal watering bag into alignment with a dispenser of a filling machine located in the animal room operating the filling machine to fill the removed animal watering bag with water, and further comprising inserting an animal watering valve into the fill opening in the animal watering bag.
15. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the animal laboratory facility further comprises a wash room that is separated from the animal room and that houses a cleaning machine.
(A) providing a multi-room animal laboratory facility including an animal room housing at least one rack bearing cages, at least some of which contain at least one animal, the facility additionally including a cleaning room separated from the animal room and housing a cleaning machine; and
(B) within a mobile HEPA filtered change hood located in the animal room,
1) removing an empty animal watering bag from a bulk stack of empty animal watering bags, each of the bags having a hollow interior and a fill opening that extends through a surface of the watering bag and into the interior; then
2) filling the removed animal watering bag with water, the filling step including positioning the opening in the removed animal watering bag at least one animal watering bag into alignment with a dispenser of a filling machine and operating the filling machine to fill the removed animal watering bag; then
3) inserting an animal watering valve into the fill opening in the animal watering bag, placing the filled animal watering bag in or on a cage; and the (C) placing the cage with the filled animal watering container on the rack.
Water bottles are preferred over water manifolds by some facilities because, e.g., they require less piping than a facility having water manifolds. The major disadvantage of bottle-based systems is that substantial time and effort are required to clean, sterilize, fill, and reuse water bottles. The degree of effort required can be appreciated with reference to FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates a process for handling bottles in a bottle-based animal watering system. The process begins in an animal room 30 where empty or partially full contaminated bottles 32 are removed one at a time from the individual cages 34 on a rack 36 and placed in a basket 38 with other bottles 32. Each basket 38 typically contains 20 to 24 bottles. Once the basket 38 is full, a spring loaded top (not shown) is snapped in place to hold the bottles 32 in the basket 38, and the basket 38 is placed in a cart 40. When the cart 40, which typically can hold 6-8 baskets, is full, it is wheeled into a separate wash area 42, as represented by arrow 44. Then, for each basket 38, the stoppers (not shown) are removed from the bottles 32, and the basket 38 is inverted and placed on the feed conveyor 48 of a machine 46 known as a “tunnel washer.”. As the basket 38 is conveyed through the tunnel washer 46, the bottles 32 are cleaned through a cycle typically having pre-wash, detergent wash, acid rinse, cleanse rinse, and dry rinse phases. The basket 36 is then manually removed from the tunnel washer 44, turned back to its upright position, and stacked back on the cart 40.
In the animal room 30, bottles 32 are removed one at a time from the cart 40, sterilized manually using a spray bottle, and then placed in cages 34. This insertion takes place as part of a transfer process in which an animal is transferred from a soiled cage to a clean cage. The animal, food, and full water typically are placed in a clean cage in a type of change station usually known as a “change hood” 62, which constitutes a sanitary environment having a workbench which supports a clean cage during the transfer process. A typical change hood employs an appropriate filtering technique to isolate the air in the change hood from the air in the remainder of the room. For instance, the interior of the change hood 62 may draw air from the back of the change hood to an air intake on a front edge of the change hood's workbench. The air may be HEPA-filtered prior to being discharged back into the animal room 30. One such change hood is manufactured by The Baker Company of Sanford, Me.
Proposals have been made to eliminate at least some of the problems associated with handling glass or plastic water bottles by using plastic bags in at least some applications. For instance, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,958,535, 4022,159, and 4,130,088 to Salvia all disclose disposable plastic watering bags. However, rather than being configured to be filled on-site in an animal room, the bags are filled off-site and transported to the animal room in bulk. The transport of full bags to an animal room requires substantial manual effort and also substantially increases the risk of contamination.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, at least some of the above and other needs are satisfied by providing an animal water supply system including disposable containers such as plastic bags that can be supplied in bulk in sterile form and filled in an animal room, possibly under a change hood or other sanitary structure using a filling machine. The containers preferably comprise plastic bags configured to be suspended from a hanger of a bag filling machine. The machine's hanger is preferably configured to support a plastic bag during both bag filling and the subsequent insertion of a watering valve into the bag. The bag is further configured to permit its placement at a conventional cage while protecting the tearable material of the bag from the animal. If desired, a cage liner can be provided to further protect and support the bag. The cage liner may have a flip down shelf to facilitate stacking.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a process for supplying water to animals in a conventional water bottle-based water supply system and is appropriately labeled “PRIOR ART;”
FIG. 8A is a side elevation view of the bag filling machine, showing the filling of a bag;
An animal water supply system constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is characterized by the use of a disposable container such as a bag rather than a reusable water bottle and by the ability to fill that container in a sanitary environment in an animal room of a laboratory or similar facility. The containers of the illustrated embodiment comprise bags and are filled under a change station in the form of a mobile hood.
1. System and Process Overview
Referring to FIG. 2, the process of supplying water to the animal cages using this system begins in an animal room 80 where cages 82 are stored on racks 84 in the usual manner. Also, as is typical, animals are transferred from soiled cages to clean cages under a change hood 86. Soiled or used bags 250 are removed from the cages 82 as part of the process. Watering valves 180 are removed from the bags 250 and stored in a bin 123′ on a bag handling cart 88, the soiled bags 250 are dropped into a soiled bag collection basket on the bag handling cart 88, where the water drains into a water collection tank below the basket. The container and bin are large enough to receive all used bags 250 and valves 180 from the cages processed in one day in the room 80.
2. Bag Filling Machine
A bag filling machine 120 is supported on the change hood shelf 104 in a location that is accessible by an animal care person whose job it is to fill bags 250, insert watering valves 180 in the bags, and place the bags 250 in clean cages 82 during a change operation. Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5 in the illustrated embodiment, the bag filling machine 120 is located so as to permit the placement of a carton 121 of clean bags and a bin 123 of sterile watering valves 180 on the shelf 104 adjacent the bag filling machine 120 while still leaving sufficient shelf space to support cages during a change process. The filling machine 120 could be operated either manually or automatically and could take many physical forms so long as it is capable of fitting under the change hood 86 and filling a bag or other disposable container. It could be configured to fill a single bag or multiple bags simultaneously. It preferably contains an integrated container support mechanism and has a nozzle that is configured to align with or form a hole in the bag or other container supported on that mechanism. The nozzle preferably is also movable into and out of its operative position so as to permit an animal care person to install a valve in a bag after it is filled. The filling machine of this embodiment is also configured to turn on automatically when the nozzle moves into its operative position. It is also configured to shut off automatically based, e.g., on the weight of the bag and, to this end, may have an integral scale. The scale may be either electronic or mechanical. It is configured to interact with a mechanical or electronic controller to shut off the flow of water to the nozzle when a designated volume of water has been dispensed into the bag. This designated volume preferably is settable using a suitable controller such as a dial or touch buttons on a panel. Alternatively, a mechanical or electrical timer could be used to terminate dispensing after a designated period of time elapses that is indicative of a correspondingly designated volume of dispensed water.
Referring to FIGS. 5-9, the hanger 124 preferably is shaped so as to securely hold a bag 250 of the preferred embodiment in place during a fill cycle while providing access to the bag 250 for insertion of the fill nozzle 126 and, subsequently, a watering valve 180. The hanger 124 of this embodiment comprises a bent metal plate having a first, horizontal leg 134 secured to the scale on the base 122 and a second leg 136 extending upwardly from the base 122. The second leg 136 may extend vertically from the base 122 or, as illustrated in the embodiment, may extend rearwardly at an acute angle of, e.g., 25°. It has been found that inclining the second leg 136 in this manner permits the dispensed water to be injected downwardly into the bag 250 as opposed to against the rear surface of the bag, hence facilitating bag filling without splashing or gurgling. The second leg 136 has a tapered upper portion 138 terminating at a pair of rounded lobes 146 and 148 that flank a central curved notch 150. The lobes 146 and 148 are configured to engage features in the bag 250 to center a hole 260 in the bag within the notch 150 and to stabilize the bag 250 during the filling and valve insertion operations. A nozzle support arm 152 is pivotally attached to the front surface of the second leg 136 by pins 154. The pins 154 are, in turn, mounted on a bracket 156 having a front surface that also acts a stop for the support arm 152. The support arm 152 is biased toward the operative position of FIG. 5 by a tension spring 158 having a first end attached to a spring seat 160 on the second leg 136 and a second end attached to a spring seat 162 on the support arm 152.
3. Watering Valve
A watering valve 180 suitable for insertion into a bag 250 while it is mounted on a filling machine 120 is illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. The valve 180 is very similar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,003,468 to Edstrom et al., the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. It includes as its principal components a housing 182, an internal valve element 184, a valve stem 186, and a barbed rear valve cap 188. The valve element 184 comprises an elastomeric diaphragm which normally seals against a head 190 of the valve stem 186 and which, upon valve stem deflection by an animal, deforms to permit water to flow through the valve 180. A preferred valve element is disclosed in more detail in the Edstrom '468 patent. The cap 188 is threaded onto the exterior surface of the housing 182. It includes a rear cup portion 192 and a barbed front shank 194. The shank 194 includes a reduced diameter neck 195 and a barb. The barb includes an annular shoulder 196 disposed at the front end of the shank 194 and a frusto-conical tapered portion 198 extending forwardly from the shoulder 196. When the shank 194 is inserted into a preformed hole in the bag 250, the frusto-conical portion 198 guides the shank 194 into the hole 260 and then expands the hole as the shoulder 196 approaches it. Then, after the shoulder 196 is inserted into the bag, the perimeter of the bag's hole 260 seals against the neck 195 to prevent water from leaking out of the bag 250. Shoulder 196 prevents the valve 180 from being pulled easily out of the bag 250.
Two possible systems 200, 200′ for supplying water to the filling machine 120 are schematically illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15, respectfully. Both systems may supply plain tap water, filtered water, or water supplemented with nutrients. The water may also contain a biocide, particularly if the flexible containers to be filled lack sanitized interiors. The system 200 of FIG. 14 is controlled electronically, whereas the system 200′ of FIG. 15 is controlled mechanically. Both systems are designed for connection to a conventional water room distribution system as represented by a supply line 202. The distribution system preferably has fittings spaced around the room so that a relatively short hose, such as a six foot coiled hose, can reach any location in the room if plugged into the appropriate fitting. Although only a single supply line 202 is shown, a return line could also be provided, in which case the hose would be connected to a manifold connecting the supply and return lines to permit periodic flushing of the entire system.
5. Watering Bag
Depending upon the configuration of the nozzle 126, hanger 144, and valve 180, a variety of disposable containers are usable with the water supply system as thus far described. The preferred container comprises a preformed plastic bag. In order to negate the need to provide a piercing structure on the fill nozzle 126, the bag preferably has a preformed hole for receiving the fill nozzle and, subsequently, the watering valve 180. The bag also is preferably reinforced at several locations to (1) facilitate handling, (2) inhibit puncturing of water-filled portions of the bag by an animal, and (3) cooperate with the hanger 144 to align the hole with the fill nozzle and stabilize the bag during bag filing and valve insertion. A great many bags falling within the scope of the present invention could possess several or even all of these characteristics.
A specific bag 250 meeting all of these characteristics will now be described in conjunction with FIGS. 9, 13, 16, 17, and 17A. The bag 250 is formed from front and rear matched panels or strips 252 and 254 of a plastic material such as LDPE that are welded or otherwise bonded to one another around their perimeters to form a central water-holding cavity 256. A third strip of the same or different material is welded on three sides to the upper portion of the front strip to form a flap 258. The flap 258 forms an interior pouch via which the bag 250 can be hung from the hanger 124 of the bag filling machine 120. A hole 260 is punched or otherwise formed through the flap 258 and the front strip 252 for receiving the fill nozzle 126 and, subsequently, the watering valve 180. An area 262 is welded around the hole 260 that generally conforms in shape to the notch 150 in the hanger 124. In the preferred embodiment described thus far in which the notch 150 has a generally arcuate lower shape, the welded area 262 has a lower radius matching that of the notch 150 as best seen in FIG. 17A. This welded area 262 not only provides an improved water-tight seal around the hole 260, but also provides a resting or support region for supporting the bag 250 in the notch 150. An optional adhesive-backed skin seal could be provided over the hole 260 to provide additional assurance of sterility inside the bag during shipping and handling. An additional fill port (not shown) could be provided in the bag 250. The illustrated bag 250 is configured to water mice and, therefore, is relatively small, having an internal cavity capacity of about 15 oz. The bag 250 is approximately 8 inches high by 5.5 inches wide. The flap 258 is approximately 2.75 inches in height. The hole 260 has a diameter of approximately 0.19 inches and is located approximately 0.5 inches from the top of the bag. The welded area 262 extends about 0.28 inches beyond the hole.
The bag 310 of FIG. 19 also has a grommet 312, but the hole is formed in the top surface of the bag 310 to permit the bag to receive a downwardly extending nozzle, much as in a IV bag. This bag 310 also has wicket holes 314 for suspending the bag 310 from a support on a IV stand-type support of a refilling machine.
6. Cage Liner
Regardless of the configuration, a bag or other flexible container constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention is preferably configured so as to be placed within the cage 82 in an orientation in which the watering valve is accessible by an animal in the cage. A standard cage, illustrated in FIGS. 21-23, has a clear plastic base 320 in which the animal is housed, a wire bar lid 322 positioned on top of the base 320, and a solid outer plastic lid or “boLnet” 324 placed on the base over the wire bar lid. The wire bar lid 322 is shaped to support a water bottle in an orientation in which the bottle's watering valve extends through the lid and into the interior of the base 320 for access by the animal. Hence, it has a bottle receiving pocket formed from front and rear sloped surfaces 326 and 328. The bag 250 is configured to rest in this pocket with the watering valve 180 extending into the interior of the base 320 for access by the animal. However, the wire bars of standard wire bar lids are spaced such that a flexible bag could slip between the wire bars and be bitten into by the animal or, alternatively, the animal could claw or bite upwardly through the wire bar lid into the bag, rupturing it.
A shelf 344 may be provided to at least selectively permit the bag 250 to be supported in an orientation that permits the maximum possible volume of water usage. The shelf 344 is preferably a “flip-down” shelf attached to the flanges on the center portion 336 by pins 345. The shelf can be pivoted a) from a stowed position in which it rests flat against the center portion 336, hence permitting tight stacking of cage liners, b) to an operative position in which its free end rests against the front portion 334 just beneath the opening 340, hence supporting the bag at an angle that enables maximum water volume usage.
7. Water Supply Process
A preferred method of supplying water to the animals using a system as described above will now be described with primary reference to FIG. 2 and with periodic reference to other figures. First, a cart 88 is wheeled into the animal room 80 with a bulk package 121 of bags 250 on the cart. The bags in the package 121 are externally sanitized and may be internally sanitized as well. If the bags are not internally sanitized, the water should contain a biocide that sanitizes the interior of the bag upon filling. The package typically will hold from 100 to 150 bags. A separate bin 123 of pre-sterilized watering valves will also be on the cart 88 at this time. The animal care person then sanitizes the change hood 86 and prepares it for use in the usual manner. The outside of the bulk package 121 of bags and the bin 123 of sterile watering valves is sanitized and placed under the change hood. The bulk package of bags and valve bin are then opened. He or she then purges water from the water supply hoses 202, 204 using the valve 222 of FIG. 14 or 15. The purge process may be automatically controlled as well. When this initial purge cycle is complete, the animal care person sanitizes his or her gloved hands, and a water bag 250 is mounted on the hanger 124 of the filling machine 120 and filled as described above in connection with FIGS. 6-9. This bag contains potentially stagnated water from the internal lines within the bag filling machine and, therefore, is removed from the filling machine 120 and disposed of in the bag handling cart 88. The system is now ready to supply water to sterile bags.
The animal care person next sterilizes his or her gloved hands and a clean cage 82 before placing the clean cage under the change hood. He or she then removes a water bag 250 from the package 121, places it in the filling machine 120, then initiates the bag filling cycle. The bag fill level is set at a capacity that exceeds the drinking requirements of a maximum number of animals intended to be housed in a particular cage. While the bag is filling, the caregiver sanitizes the outside surface of a soiled cage 82 and places the cage under the change hood 86. The outer lid 324 is removed from the soiled cage and the wire bar lid 322 is rotated 90° to access the animal. The outer lid 324 is then removed from the clean cage 82, and the animals are transferred from the soiled cage to the clean cage. A wire bar lid 322 for the clean cage 82 is then supplied with food and placed in the clean cage. The outer lid 324 is then reinstalled on the soiled cage 82.
It can be seen that the fill process adds very little time to the change process because it is automated and, therefore, can be performed while the animal care person is performing other functions. The typical fill cycle takes less than 30 seconds. At the same time, the time-consuming and labor intensive handling steps for cleaning and refilling conventional bottles are completely eliminated. Moreover, because the bags 250 are supplied and stored in a sterile bulk package and are filled and placed in the cages 82 under a sanitary change hood 86, the risk of contamination is dramatically reduced when compared to filling and changing water bottles in prior water supply systems.
Many changes of modifications may be made within the scope of the invention without departed from the spirit thereof. The scope of some of these changes are discussed above. The scope of other changes will become apparent from the appended
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U.S. Classification 119/456
Cooperative Classification A01K1/031, A01K7/00
European Classification A01K1/03A, A01K7/00
Owner name: EDSTROM INDUSTRIES, INC., WISCONSIN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HANDLEY, DAVID W.;KNURR, RANDAL S.;REEL/FRAME:015796/0155
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EDSTROM, INC. (F/K/A EDSTROM INDUSTRIES, INC.);REEL/FRAME:033697/0807
Owner name: EDSTROM, INC., WISCONSIN
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:EDSTROM INDUSTRIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:037903/0951
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EDSTROM INDUSTRIES, LLC;REEL/FRAME:037854/0107
Owner name: EDSTROM INDUSTRIES, LLC, WISCONSIN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EDSTROM, INC.;REEL/FRAME:038089/0067