Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4893637B2/en
Timestamp: 2020-08-15 05:28:39
Document Index: 401152179

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 2006', 'Application No. 2005', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 5', 'art 5', 'art 21']

JP4893637B2 - Optical transmitter and control method thereof - Google Patents
Optical transmitter and control method thereof Download PDF
JP4893637B2
JP4893637B2 JP2008005512A JP2008005512A JP4893637B2 JP 4893637 B2 JP4893637 B2 JP 4893637B2 JP 2008005512 A JP2008005512 A JP 2008005512A JP 2008005512 A JP2008005512 A JP 2008005512A JP 4893637 B2 JP4893637 B2 JP 4893637B2
JP2008005512A
JP2008197639A (en
2007-01-15 Priority to JP2007006349 priority Critical
2007-01-15 Priority to JP2007006349 priority
2008-01-15 Application filed by 富士通株式会社 filed Critical 富士通株式会社
2008-01-15 Priority to JP2008005512A priority patent/JP4893637B2/en
2008-08-28 Publication of JP2008197639A publication Critical patent/JP2008197639A/en
2012-03-07 Publication of JP4893637B2 publication Critical patent/JP4893637B2/en
230000001702 transmitter Effects 0.000 title claims description 28
230000000051 modifying Effects 0.000 claims description 170
230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 83
230000001360 synchronised Effects 0.000 claims description 37
230000001902 propagating Effects 0.000 claims description 32
238000005859 coupling reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 30
The present invention relates to an optical transmission apparatus applied to an optical transmission system and a control method therefor, and more particularly to a control technique for an optical transmission apparatus that generates and transmits multilevel phase-modulated signal light.
Considerations for adopting various modulation schemes for transmitting optical signals are increasing in order to increase the capacity and distance of optical transmission systems. In addition to the NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) modulation method and RZ (Return to Zero) modulation method that have been applied to products so far, CSRZ (Carrier-Suppressed Return to Zero) modulation method and optical duobinary Intensity modulation methods such as (Duobinary) modulation schemes, or multilevel phase modulation methods such as DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) modulation schemes and DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation schemes are being studied. Research and development of optical transmission systems using optical fiber is underway.
In the optical transmission system as described above, a technique is indispensable for stabilizing the optical transmission signal with respect to the components constituting the optical transmission device. As such a stabilization technique, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 below, in order to prevent transmission signal deterioration due to drift of an LN modulator in a practical system of an NRZ modulation method operating on land or on the sea floor. An automatic bias control (ABC) circuit is known.
Further, for example, in Patent Document 2 below, as a modulation control technique corresponding to the DQPSK modulation method or the like, a phase modulator provided on a pair of arms of a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer and one arm are provided. A configuration is shown in which the operation of each of the phase shifters provided above is individually feedback controlled using pilot signals having different frequencies.
JP-A-3-251815 U.S. Pat. No. 7,116,460
However, in the conventional optical transmission apparatus as described above, as the applied modulation scheme becomes complicated, the number of places that need to be controlled around the modulator increases, and each control is realized. There is a problem that the circuit configuration becomes complicated. Specifically, in the configuration shown in Patent Document 2, the low frequency pilot signal is supplied to the supply bias in accordance with the bias voltage control of each phase modulator on the pair of arms and the bias voltage control of the phase shifter. Therefore, an electric circuit and wiring for superimposing the optical transmitter are necessary, and the configuration, size, and cost of the optical transmission device are problematic.
In addition to the bias voltage control as described above, it may be necessary to control the drive amplitude of the modulator. In other words, in the NRZ modulation method and the RZ modulation method, a configuration in which modulation is performed with an electrical signal having an amplitude of Vπ using a peak-to-valley or a valley-to-peak of the periodic drive voltage versus light intensity characteristic of the modulator Included in the transmitter. In addition, the CSRZ modulation method, the optical duobinary modulation method, the DPSK modulation method, the DQPSK modulation method, etc. have an amplitude of 2 × Vπ using the peak, valley, and peak of the periodic drive voltage versus light intensity characteristic of the modulator. A configuration for modulating with an electrical signal is included in the optical transmission device. In any of the above modulation schemes, the transmission quality of the optical signal when the deviation from the optimum drive amplitude (Vπ or 2 × Vπ) occurs due to variations in the electric signal drive system, deterioration with time, temperature fluctuation, etc. Deterioration occurs. For this reason, a configuration is required in which the deviation of the drive amplitude from the optimum point is monitored and the drive amplitude is controlled according to the result. The present applicant has proposed feedback control of the drive amplitude by superimposing a low-frequency pilot signal on the drive signal as a technique related to such drive amplitude control (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-269362). ). In addition to the bias voltage control of the phase modulator and the phase shifter described above, when the drive amplitude control as described above is performed, there is a problem that the configuration of the optical transmission device becomes very complicated.
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above points, and is a compact and low-cost light capable of stabilizing the operations of the phase modulation unit and the phase shift unit corresponding to the multi-level phase modulation system with a simple configuration. It is an object of the present invention to provide a transmission device and a control method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, an optical transmission apparatus according to the present invention includes a light source that generates continuous light, an optical branching unit that branches the continuous light output from the light source into a plurality of lights, and a branch at the optical branching unit. A plurality of optical paths to which each light is input, a plurality of phase modulation sections for phase-modulating the light propagating through the respective optical paths according to data signals, and adjusting respective operating points for the plurality of phase modulation sections A first bias supply unit for supplying a bias voltage for the first phase, a phase shift unit for providing a predetermined phase difference between the light propagating through the optical paths, and a bias voltage for phase change with respect to the phase shift unit A second bias supply unit that supplies the light and an optical coupling unit that couples light output from each of the optical paths, and generates and transmits signal light that has been subjected to multilevel phase modulation, Supply to at least one of the plurality of phase modulators A pilot signal having a frequency lower than the frequency corresponding to the bit rate of the data signal is superimposed on one of the bias voltage supplied to the phase shift unit and the bias voltage supplied to the phase shift unit. A low-frequency pilot signal superimposing unit that does not superimpose the pilot signal with respect to the other bias voltage, a signal light monitoring unit that monitors the signal light output from the optical coupling unit, and a monitoring result of the signal light monitoring unit And a bias control unit that feedback-controls the first and second bias supply units.
In the optical transmission device configured as described above, continuous light from a light source is branched by an optical branching unit and transmitted to a plurality of optical paths, and light propagating through each optical path is phase-modulated according to a data signal by a phase modulation unit. A predetermined phase difference is given between each light by the phase shift unit. Then, the light output from each optical path is coupled by the optical coupling unit, thereby generating multilevel phase modulation type signal light. At this time, the phase difference provided between the light propagating through each optical path by superimposing the low frequency pilot signal on the bias voltage supplied to one of the phase modulation unit and the phase shift unit. If the deviation occurs, the power of the signal light output from the optical coupling unit changes, and the change is monitored by the signal light monitoring unit. Based on the result, the bias voltage of the phase modulation unit and the phase shift unit is changed. By performing feedback control, each bias voltage can be stabilized at an optimum value.
According to the optical transmission apparatus of the present invention as described above, the low frequency pilot signal is superimposed on only one of the signals supplied to the phase modulation unit and the phase shift unit, and the phase modulation unit and the phase By performing bias voltage control corresponding to each shift unit, the configuration of the electrical circuit and wiring is simplified compared to the conventional configuration in which the low frequency pilot signal is individually superimposed on each bias voltage. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the apparatus.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the optical transmission apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, the present optical transmission apparatus generates and transmits DQPSK-modulated signal light, for example, by supplying output light from a light source 1 to a DQPSK modulation unit 2. The light source 1 is a semiconductor laser, for example, and generates continuous wave (CW) light. As the wavelength of the CW light, a general wavelength used for optical communication such as a 1550 nm band is used.
The DQPSK modulation unit 2 generates DQPSK signal light by phase-modulating the CW light from the light source 1 according to the data signals DATA A and DATA B. Specifically, the DQPSK modulation unit 2 includes an optical splitter 21 as an optical branching unit that splits input CW light into two, a first arm A on which one of the lights branched by the optical splitter 21 propagates, A Mach-Zehnder interferometer having a second arm B through which the other light propagates and an optical coupler 22 as an optical coupling unit for coupling the light propagated through the arms A and B is used. Phase modulation units 23A and 23B and phase shift units 26A and 26B are provided.
Phase modulating section 23A is on each arm A1, A2 of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a data signal DATA modulated electrodes 24 a driving signal corresponding to the A Vm A and inversion driving signal / Vm A is applied A1 and 24 A2, low Bias electrodes 25 A1 and 25 A2 to which bias voltages Vb A1 and Vb A2 on which the frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed are applied are provided. The phase modulation section 23B includes, over the arms B1, B2 of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a data signal DATA B drive signals corresponding to the Vm B and inversion driving signal / Vm modulation electrodes 24 B1 and 24 B2 of B is applied Bias electrodes 25 B1 and 25 B2 to which bias voltages Vb B1 and Vb B2 are applied are provided.
The drive signals Vm A and Vm B and the inverted drive signals / Vm A and / Vm B are respectively generated by the modulation drive units 31A and 31B, and the bias voltages Vb A1 to Vb B2 are respectively generated by the bias supply unit 32. The The low-frequency pilot signal V PILOT has a frequency sufficiently lower than the frequency corresponding to the bit rate of the data signals DATA A and DATA B , and the amplitude has a substantial influence on the transmission characteristics of the DQPSK signal light. It is suppressed to the extent that does not affect. Here, the bias supply unit 32 described above has functions as first and second bias supply units and a low-frequency pilot signal superimposing unit.
Here, although the example of superimposing a low-frequency pilot signal V PILOT against bias voltage Vb A1, Vb A2 is so as to superimpose the low-frequency pilot signal V PILOT against bias voltage Vb B1, Vb B2 May be. Further, it is possible to superimpose the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT only on one of the bias voltages Vb A1 and Vb A2 .
Each of the phase shift units 26A and 26B is for imparting a relative phase difference of nπ / 2 (n is an arbitrary odd number) to the light propagating through the arms A and B. Here, for example, assuming that n = 1, it is assumed that a phase difference of π / 2 is given to the light propagating through the arms A and B. As a specific example of the phase shift amount in each of the phase shift units 26A and 26B, a phase change of π / 4 is caused in one phase shift unit, and a phase of −π / 4 is generated in the other phase shift unit. By causing the change, it is possible to realize a relative phase difference of π / 2 by combining both. It is assumed that the amount of phase shift in each phase shift unit 26A, 26B can be adjusted according to the bias voltages Vp A , Vp B applied to each. The bias voltages Vp A and Vp B are respectively generated by the bias supply unit 32, and here, the point that the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is not superimposed on each is different from the above-described conventional technique.
Here, an example is given in which a phase change is caused in both the light propagating through arm A and the light propagating through arm B, thereby giving a relative phase difference of π / 2. It is also possible to realize a relative phase difference of π / 2 by changing only the phase of the light to be transmitted. However, considering the reduction of the output voltage of the bias supply unit 32, it is preferable to change both the phases of the light propagating through the arms A and B. In addition, the configuration example in which the phase shift units 26A and 26B are arranged at the output stages of the phase modulation units 23A and 23B has been described. However, the input stages of the phase modulation units 23A and 23B, that is, the optical splitter 21 and the phases. The phase shift units 26A and 26B may be arranged on the optical path between the modulation units 23A and 23B.
Each light to which a phase difference of π / 2 is given by the phase shift units 26A and 26B is supplied to, for example, an optical coupler (hereinafter referred to as an MMI coupler) 22 using multimode interference (MMI). Entered. Here, the MMI coupler 22 has an input port corresponding to each arm A and B and two output ports, and combines DQPSK signal light by combining optical signals given from the phase shift units 26A and 26B to the input ports. Then, the DQPSK signal light is split into two at a required ratio, one signal light is transmitted to the outside as an output of the optical transmitter, and the other signal light is used as a monitor light as a photo detector (Photo Detector). : PD) 27.
The photodetector 27 converts the monitor light from the MMI coupler 22 into an electrical signal and outputs it. This photodetector 27 is built in the DQPSK modulation unit 2 here. In addition, the signal to the photodetector 27 may be either a normal phase or a reverse phase. The monitor signal output from the photodetector 27 is input to the power detector 43 via the AC coupling capacitor 41 and the amplifier 42, and the output signal from the power detector 43 is further converted to a band pass filter (Band Pass Filter). : BPF) 43 '. The BPF 43 ′ extracts a frequency component corresponding to the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT included in the input monitor signal and outputs it to the synchronous detection unit 44. The BPF 43 ′ can be omitted. The synchronous detection unit 44 performs synchronous detection of the monitor signal output from the BPF 43 ′ using the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT output from the bias supply unit 32, and outputs a signal indicating the result to the bias control unit 45. To do. Here, the photodetector 27, the capacitor 41, the amplifier 42, the power detector 43, the BPF 43 ′, and the synchronous detection unit 44 function as a signal light monitoring unit.
In accordance with the output signal from the synchronous detection unit 44, the bias control unit 45 has an optimum value (here, the relative phase difference given by the phase shift units 26A and 26B to the light propagating through the arms A and B). Then, the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B applied from the bias supply unit 32 to the phase shift units 26A and 26B are feedback-controlled so as to be stabilized at π / 2). In addition, the bias control unit 45 receives the bias electrodes 25 A1 to 25 A1 to 25 A1 from the bias supply unit 32 so that the operating points of the phase modulation units 23A and 23B are optimized according to the output signal from the synchronous detection unit 44. Bias voltages Vb A1 to Vb B2 applied to B2 are feedback controlled.
In the optical transmitter having the above-described configuration, the output light from the light source 1 is branched into two by the optical splitter 21 and sent to the arms A and B. The light propagating through the arm A has drive signals Vm A and inverted drive signals / Vm A applied to the modulation electrodes 24 A1 and 24 A2 and bias voltages Vb A1 and Vb A2 on which the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed. The phase modulation unit 23A applied to the bias electrodes 25 A1 and 25 A2 performs phase modulation according to the data signal DATA A. In the light propagating through the arm B, the drive signal Vm B and the inverted drive signal / Vm B are applied to the modulation electrodes 24 B1 and 24 B2 , and the bias voltages Vb B1 and Vb B2 are applied to the bias electrodes 25 B1 and 25 B2. Is phase modulated in accordance with the data signal DATA B. Each light phase-modulated by the phase modulators 23A and 23B is received by the phase shift units 26A and 26B to which the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B not superposed with the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT are applied. After a relative phase difference of / 2 is given, the DQPSK signal light is generated by being combined by the MMI coupler 22.
The DQPSK signal light is transmitted to the outside from one output port of the MMI coupler 22 as output light of the present optical transmission apparatus, and a part of the DQPSK signal light is output from the other output port of the MMI coupler 22 as monitor light. Light is converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector 27. The monitor signal output from the light detector 27 is amplified to a required level by the amplifier 42 after only the AC component is extracted by the capacitor 41, and the output power of the amplifier 42 is detected by the power detector 43. After that, a frequency component corresponding to the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is extracted by the BPF 43 ′. The optical component extracted by the BPF 43 ′ is input to the synchronous detection unit 44, the synchronous detection using the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is performed, and the result is transmitted to the bias control unit 45.
Here, the principle that the bias voltage control of the phase shift unit becomes possible based on the synchronous detection result of the monitor signal using the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT will be described.
In the configuration of the present optical transmission device, the bias voltages Vb A1 and Vb A2 on the arm A side are changed so that the relative phase difference of the light propagating through the arms A and B is changed when the bias voltage of the phase shift unit is controlled. since the low-frequency pilot signal V pILOT is superimposed for by a change in the bias voltage on the arm a side which corresponds to the amplitude change of the low frequency pilot signal V pILOT, relative to light propagating the arms a, B A significant phase difference changes by π / 2 ± φ.
FIG. 2 is an example in which the data string and the phase waveform of the propagation light on the arm A side are shown in correspondence with the amplitude change of the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT . Here, the valley portion (phase difference: π / 2−φ) and the center portion of the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT are centered on the optimum points of the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B applied to the phase shift portions 26A and 26B. The waveforms of the data string (upper stage) and the phase (lower stage) respectively corresponding to the phase difference (π / 2) and the peak portion (phase difference: π / 2 + φ) are shown. Further, the horizontal axis of the data waveform indicates time, the vertical axis indicates optical signal intensity, the horizontal axis of the phase waveform indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates phase.
It can be seen from the phase waveform in FIG. 2 that the phase changes around the optimum point due to the change in the bias voltage on the arm A side corresponding to the change in the amplitude of the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT . At this time, when the deviation from the optimum point corresponding to the valley portion and the mountain portion of the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT occurs, the waveform on the ON side of the data string also changes. Specifically, intensity variation occurs between bits due to the occurrence of ± φ phase shift.
The upper part of FIG. 3 shows an example of a change in the power of the AC component of the monitor signal output from the photodetector 27 with respect to the change in the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B applied to the phase shift units 26A and 26B. It is. As described above, the power of the AC component of the monitor signal is minimized at the optimum points of the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B. Therefore, feedback control is performed on the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B supplied to the phase shift units 26A and 26B so that the power of the AC component of the output signal from the photodetector 27 is minimized, so that the arms A and B are fed back. It is possible to make the relative phase difference of the light propagating through the optimal value of π / 2. Here, by applying a synchronous detection method using the low-frequency pilot signal V PILOT , the minimum value of the AC component of the monitor signal can be detected with higher accuracy. The AC component of the monitor signal can be in a narrow band range compared to the symbol frequency of the DQPSK signal light.
The lower part of FIG. 3 shows an example of a change in the output signal level of the synchronous detection unit 44 with respect to changes in the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B applied to the phase shift units 26A and 26B. Thus, the output signal level of the synchronous detection unit 44 becomes 0 (zero) at the optimum point of the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B , and the polarity changes before and after that, so that the output signal of the synchronous detection unit 44 The bias voltages Vp A and Vp B can be controlled to the optimum points by confirming the direction of deviation while looking at the polarities. The principle of the bias voltage control of the phase shift unit is also disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-270235, which is an earlier application of the present applicant.
In accordance with the principle as described above, the bias control unit 45 generates a signal for controlling the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B to the optimum points according to the output signal level of the synchronous detection unit 44, and the control signal supplies the bias. Is output to the unit 32. As for the control of the bias voltage Vb A1 through Vb A2 to be applied to each bias electrode 25 A1 to 25 A2 of the phase modulation part 23A, the bias voltage so that the output signal level of the synchronous detector 44 is near 0 Vb to be optimized by controlling the A1 through Vb A2, a control signal corresponding to the bias voltage Vb A1 through Vb A2 is also output to the bias supply unit 32. The reason why the synchronous detection output signal level is set to “near 0” is that the synchronous detection output signal may not become zero depending on the amplitude or noise of the pilot signal. As a result, the bias voltages Vb A1 to Vb A2 and Vp A and Vp B supplied to the phase modulation unit 23A and the phase shift units 26A and 26B, respectively, are feedback-controlled and stabilized at the optimum point. Here, as an example of feedback control of Vp A and Vp B supplied to the phase shift units 26A and 26B, an example is shown in which a signal in which a low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed on the bias voltages Vb A1 and Vb A2 is used. However, a signal in which the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed on the bias voltages Vb B1 and Vb B2 may be used.
Note that the control of the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B applied to the phase shift units 26A and 26B and the control of the bias voltages Vb A1 to Vb B2 applied to the phase modulation units 23A and 23B are as follows: For example, it is desirable that the bias control unit 45 controls the bias voltage in a time-sharing manner so that the control on the side closer to the light source 1 is given priority. Here, after the bias voltage Vb A1 to Vb B2 is optimized by giving priority to the control on the phase modulation units 23A and 23B, the control on the phase shift units 26A and 26B is performed to adjust the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B. It is better to try to optimize.
As described above, according to the optical transmission device of the first embodiment, the phase shift units 26A and 26B using the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT superimposed signal for bias voltage control of either one of the phase modulation units 23A and 23B. The bias voltage Vb A1 or Vb A2 on the arm A side is changed so that the relative phase difference of the light propagating through the arms A and B is changed during the bias voltage control of the phase shift unit. Since the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed on Vb B1 and Vb B2 , the electric circuit is compared with the conventional configuration in which the low frequency pilot signal is individually superimposed on the respective bias voltages. In addition, since the configuration of the wiring is simplified, it is possible to realize a small and low cost optical transmission apparatus. Further, since the DQPSK signal light is monitored by using the MMI coupler 22 and the photodetector 27 in the DQPSK modulation unit 2, loss due to the signal light monitor can be suppressed, so that the transmission level of the DQPSK signal light is reduced. It is also possible to increase. Furthermore, since the minimum value of the AC component of the monitor signal can be detected with higher accuracy by applying the synchronous detection method using the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT , more stable bias voltage control can be performed. .
In the first embodiment, the bias voltage control is performed by applying the synchronous detection method. However, as described above, the change in the power of the AC component of the output signal of the photodetector 27 is directly monitored. It is also possible to perform bias voltage control. FIG. 4 shows an example of the configuration in this case. The BPF 43 ′ and the synchronous detector 44 in FIG. 1 are omitted, and the power of the AC component of the monitor signal detected by the power detector 43 is the bias controller 45. It has a structure that can be communicated to. Although not shown here, the power detector 43 may be omitted in the configuration of FIG. 1 and the output of the amplifier 42 may be supplied to the synchronous detector 44 via the BPF 43 ′ as in the first embodiment. It is possible to obtain the effect of.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical transmission apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
5, the optical transmitting apparatus of the present embodiment, each arm A, the phase modulation part 23A of the B, and 23B, including a bias voltage Vb A1 through Vb B2 for each of modulation electrodes 24 A1 to 24 B2 configuration driving signal is applied, in other words, when the bias electrode 25 A1 to 25 B2 the respective phase modulating sections 23A, is configured to 23B is not provided with the applications, such as in the case of the first embodiment described above, the arm a The low-frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed on the drive signal Vm A and the inverted drive signal / Vm A applied to the modulation electrodes 24 A1 and 24 A2 . The configuration of the optical transmitter other than the above is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
Specifically, a bias T circuit is provided at the output port of each of the modulation drive units 31A and 31B, and the bias voltages Vb A1 to Vb B2 supplied from the bias supply unit 32 are supplied to the drive signal Vm via each bias T circuit. A and Vm B and inverted drive signals / Vm A and / Vm B are applied, respectively. At this time, bias voltages Vb A1 and Vb A2 on which the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed are applied to the drive signal Vm A and the inverted drive signal / Vm A output from the modulation drive unit 31A. As a result, in the same manner as in the first embodiment described above, the DQPSK signal light output from the DQPSK modulation unit 2 is monitored, and by performing synchronous detection using the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT , the phase modulation unit It is possible to feedback control the bias voltages of 23A and the phase shift units 26A and 26B to optimum values.
In the second embodiment described above, an example for superimposing a low-frequency pilot signal V PILOT to drive signals Vm A and inversion driving signal / Vm A of the arm A side, of course, on the arm B side driving signal Vm The low frequency pilot signal V PILOT may be superimposed on B and the inverted drive signal / Vm B. It is also possible to superimpose the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT on only one of the drive signal Vm A and the inverted drive signal / Vm A.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical transmission apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 6, the optical transmission apparatus according to the present embodiment includes, for example, the MMI coupler 22 in the DQPSK modulation unit 2 and the light as a configuration for monitoring the DQPSK signal light in the configuration of the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. Instead of using the detector 27, an optical branching coupler 46 and a photodetector (PD) 47 are provided at the subsequent stage of the DQPSK modulator 2, and a part of the DQPSK signal light output from the DQPSK modulator 2 is monitored. As described above, the light is branched by the optical branching coupler 46 and sent to the photodetector 47. The monitor signal photoelectrically converted by the photodetector 47 is sent to the synchronous detector 44 via the AC coupling capacitor 41, the amplifier 42, and the power detector 43, as in the first embodiment. .
According to such an optical transmission apparatus, the configuration for monitoring the DQPSK signal light becomes somewhat complicated as compared with the case of the first embodiment described above, and the transmission of the DQPSK signal light is caused by the insertion loss of the optical branching coupler 46. Although the level is lowered, it is possible to reduce the size and cost by simplifying the electric circuit and wiring for superimposing the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT on the bias voltage.
In the third embodiment, the example in which the signal light monitor configuration is changed with respect to the configuration of the first embodiment has been described. However, the configuration of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is also described above. It is possible to apply a configuration similar to the above. A configuration example in this case is shown in FIG.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical transmission apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 8, the optical transmission apparatus of the present embodiment has a bias voltage for giving a relative phase difference of π / 2 to the light propagating through the arms A and B, for example, in the configuration of the first embodiment described above. The bias voltage is applied to one or both of the bias electrodes 25 A1 and 25 A2 of the phase modulation unit 23A and the bias electrodes 25 B1 and 25 B2 of the phase modulation unit 23B, and either one or both of the phase shift units 26A and 26B. In contrast, a low-frequency pilot signal V PILOT is provided. The optical transmitter having such a configuration can share a bias supply unit, and the configuration of the electric circuit and wiring is different from the configuration in which a bias voltage is individually applied to each electrode as in the conventional case. Since it is simplified, it becomes possible to realize a small and low-cost optical transmission apparatus.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical transmission apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 9, the optical transmission apparatus of the present embodiment has a bias voltage for giving a relative phase difference of π / 2 to the light propagating through the arms A and B, for example, in the configuration of the second embodiment described above. And applied to one or both of the modulation electrodes 24 A1 and 24 A2 of the phase modulation unit 23A and the modulation electrodes 24 B1 and 24 B2 of the phase modulation unit 23B, and either or both of the phase shift units 26A and 26B. In contrast, a low-frequency pilot signal V PILOT is provided. Even with the optical transmission apparatus having such a configuration, it is possible to obtain the same operational effects as those of the second embodiment described above.
In the fourth and fifth embodiments, the configuration example in which the DQPSK signal light is monitored using the MMI coupler 22 and the photodetector 27 in the DQPSK modulation unit 2 has been described. As shown, the DQPSK signal light may be monitored using the optical branching coupler 46 and the photodetector 47 provided in the subsequent stage of the DQPSK modulation unit 2.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the optical transmission apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 10, the optical transmission apparatus according to the present embodiment is provided with an RZ modulation unit 5 subsequent to the DQPSK modulation unit 2 and output from the DQPSK modulation unit 2 with respect to the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The RZ-DQPSK signal light is generated and transmitted by intensity-modulating the DQPSK signal light according to the clock signal CLK corresponding to the symbol frequencies of the data signals DATA A and DATA B.
As the RZ modulator 5, for example, a general Mach-Zehnder (MZ) type intensity modulator can be used. Here, modulation driving is performed on the modulation electrode 51 on each arm of the MZ interferometer. A drive signal and an inverted drive signal corresponding to the clock signal CLK output from the unit 53 are applied, and a bias voltage output from the bias supply unit 54 is applied to the bias electrode 52 on each arm. . Although not shown here, the RZ modulator 5 is also provided with a function for optimizing the bias voltage so that the operating point drift due to temperature change or the like is compensated.
According to the optical transmitter as described above, it is possible to obtain the same operational effects as those of the above-described first embodiment with respect to the configuration corresponding to the RZ-DQPSK modulation method.
In the sixth embodiment, an example is shown in which the signal light is monitored using the MMI coupler 22 and the photodetector 27 in the DQPSK modulator 2, but for example, as shown in FIG. 11, the RZ modulator 5 It is also possible to monitor the signal light using the MMI coupler 55 and the photodetector 56 in the inside. Note that the signal to the photodetector 56 may be either a normal phase or a reverse phase. Such a configuration is effective for reducing the size of the substrate, for example, when the DQPSK modulation unit 2 and the RZ modulation unit 5 are integrated using a common substrate.
In the sixth embodiment, the RZ modulation unit 5 is arranged after the DQPSK modulation unit 2. However, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the RZ modulation is performed between the light source 1 and the DQPSK modulation unit 2. The part 5 may be provided. Furthermore, although the case where the RZ modulation unit is provided in the configuration of the first embodiment described above has been described, it is possible to similarly provide the RZ modulation unit for the configuration of other embodiments.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the optical transmission apparatus according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 13, the optical transmission apparatus of the present embodiment is a low-frequency operation with respect to the bias voltages Vb A1 and Vb A2 supplied to the phase modulation unit 23A as a modification of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Instead of superimposing the pilot signal V PILOT , the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed on the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B supplied to the phase shift units 26A and 26B. Here, the configuration example in which the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed on both of the bias voltages Vp A and Vp B is shown, but the low frequency pilot signal V PILOT is superimposed on only one of the bias voltages. Also good.
In the optical transmitter as described above, the control of the bias voltage supplied to the phase shift units 26A and 26B is basically the same as that of the prior art, but the MMI coupler 22 in the DQPSK modulator 2 is used. Since the DQPSK signal light is monitored by using the photodetector 27 incorporated in the DQPSK modulation unit 2, loss due to the signal light monitor can be suppressed, so that the transmission level of the DQPSK signal light is increased. It becomes possible. Here, by monitoring one signal of the MMI coupler 22, a signal having a reverse phase with respect to the signal branched from the main signal side is monitored. Although an example using the MMI coupler 22 is shown here, the signal to the photodetector 27 may be positive phase.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the optical transmission apparatus according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 14, the optical transmitter of this embodiment is, for example, a more specific application example of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 10 described above. Here, the phase modulation units 23A and 23B and the phase shift units 26A, In addition to the bias voltage control of 26B, the configuration corresponding to the drive amplitude control of the phase modulators 23A and 23B is applied.
In the optical transmitting apparatus specifically, the supply pilot signal V PILOT of a frequency f 0 output from the oscillator 35, the phase modulation unit 23A, a bias voltage Vb A1 through Vb B2 to each bias electrode 25 A1 to 25 B2 of 23B Modulation drive for supplying drive signals Vm A and Vm B and inverted drive signals / Vm A and / Vm B to the bias supply circuits 33 A1 to 33 B2 and the modulation electrodes 24 A1 to 24 B2 of the phase modulators 23A and 23B. The signals are sent to the units 31A and 31B and the synchronous detection unit 44, respectively. As a result, bias voltages Vb A1 to Vb B2 on which the pilot signal V PILOT having the frequency f 0 is superimposed are applied to the bias electrodes 25 A1 to 25 B2 , and a drive signal on which the pilot signal V PILOT having the frequency f 0 is superimposed. Vm A and Vm B and inverted drive signals / Vm A and / Vm B are applied to the modulation electrodes 24 A1 to 24 B2 . Here, the function of the oscillator 35 may be realized in the control circuit 48.
Similarly to the case of the first embodiment described above, the signal light output from the DQPSK modulation unit 2 is monitored using the MMI coupler 22 and the photodetector 27, and the monitor signal is a capacitor 41, an amplifier. 42 and the power detector 43 are sent to the synchronous detection unit 44 to perform synchronous detection using the pilot signal V PILOT . The result of the synchronous detection in the synchronous detection unit 44 is transmitted to the control circuit 48 having the bias control unit 48A and the amplitude control unit 48B, and is supplied to the phase shift units 26A and 26B based on the synchronous detection result. bias voltage Vp a, Vp B and the respective phase modulating sections 23A, with the bias voltage Vb A1 through Vb B2 applied to the bias electrode 25 A1 to 25 B2 of 23B is feedback controlled by the bias control unit 48A, the respective phase modulating sections The amplitudes of the drive signals Vm A and Vm B and the inverted drive signals / Vm A and / Vm B applied to the modulation electrodes 24 A1 to 24 B2 of 23A and 23B are feedback-controlled by the amplitude controller 48B.
At this time, the bias voltage control of the phase shift units 26A and 26B and the drive amplitude control and bias voltage control of the phase modulation units 23A and 23B are performed in a time division manner by the control circuit 48 using one low frequency pilot signal V PILOT. As a result, the configuration of the electric circuit and wiring is simplified, so that a small and low-cost optical transmission device can be realized.
The DQPSK signal light output from the DQPSK modulation unit 2 is further converted into RZ pulses in accordance with the clock signal CLK in the RZ modulation unit 5, whereby the RZ-DQPSK signal light is generated and transmitted to the outside. become.
According to the optical transmission apparatus as described above, the bias voltage control and the drive amplitude control in the DQPSK modulation unit 2 can be realized with a simple configuration, and the small and low cost capable of stably transmitting the RZ-DQPSK signal light. The optical transmission apparatus is realized.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical transmission apparatus according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 15, the optical transmission apparatus of the present embodiment is a pilot used for bias voltage control of the phase modulation units 23A and 23B and the phase shift units 26A and 26B in the configuration of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. This is an application example in which the frequency of the signal is different from the frequency of the pilot signal used for driving amplitude control of the phase modulators 23A and 23B.
Specifically, here, the pilot signal V PILOT having the frequency f 0 output from the oscillator 35 supplies the bias voltages Vb A1 and Vb A2 to the bias electrodes 25 A1 and 25 A2 of the phase modulator 23A. A pilot signal V PILOT ′ of frequency f 1 (≠ f 0 ) sent to A 1 , 33 A 2 and synchronous detector 44 and output from oscillator 36 is used as each modulation electrode 24 A 1 of phase modulators 23 A, 23 B. To 24 B2 are supplied to the modulation drive units 31A and 31B for supplying the drive signals Vm A and Vm B and the inverted drive signals / Vm A and / Vm B to the synchronous detection unit 44, respectively. As a result, the bias voltages Vb A1 and Vb A2 on which the pilot signal V PILOT with the frequency f 0 is superimposed are applied to the bias electrodes 25 A1 and 25 A2, and the pilot signal V PILOT 'with the frequency f 1 is superimposed on the drive. The signals Vm A and Vm B and the inverted drive signals / Vm A and / Vm B are applied to the modulation electrodes 24 A1 to 24 B2 .
In the configuration as described above, the pilot signals V PILOT and V PILOT ′ having different frequencies are used, so that the bias voltage control of the phase modulation units 23A and 23B and the phase shift units 26A and 26B, and the phase modulation units 23A and 23A, The drive amplitude control of 23B can be performed independently. Therefore, the bias voltage control and the drive amplitude control of the phase modulation units 23A and 23B can be performed in parallel, and the control speed can be increased. Further, by using pilot signals having different frequencies for the bias voltage control of the phase modulators 23A and 23B, it is possible to further increase the control speed. The functions of the oscillators 35 and 36 may be realized in the control circuit 48.
In the eighth and ninth embodiments, an example in which the configuration of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is embodied has been described. However, the configurations shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. Is possible. Further, regarding the combination with the drive amplitude control of the phase modulation unit, the configurations of the first to fifth embodiments can also be applied.
In the first to ninth embodiments described above, the optical transmission apparatus corresponding to the DQPSK modulation scheme or the RZ-DQPSK modulation scheme has been described, but the modulation scheme to which the present invention can be applied is limited to the above example. Instead, the present invention is effective for various types of optical transmitters compatible with the multi-level phase modulation method.
(Supplementary note 1) a light source that generates continuous light;
A light branching unit for branching continuous light output from the light source into a plurality of lights;
A plurality of optical paths to which each light branched by the light branching unit is input;
A plurality of phase modulation units for phase-modulating the light propagating through each optical path according to a data signal;
A first bias supply unit for supplying a bias voltage for adjusting each operating point to the plurality of phase modulation units;
A phase shift unit that gives a predetermined phase difference between the light propagating through the optical paths;
A second bias supply unit for supplying a bias voltage for phase change to the phase shift unit;
An optical coupling unit that couples light output from each of the optical paths,
An optical transmitter that generates and transmits multilevel phase-modulated signal light,
The bit rate of the data signal with respect to any one of the bias voltage supplied to at least one of the plurality of phase modulation units and the bias voltage supplied to the phase shift unit A low frequency pilot signal superimposing unit that superimposes a pilot signal having a frequency lower than the frequency corresponding to the above, and does not superimpose the pilot signal on the other bias voltage;
A signal light monitoring unit for monitoring the signal light output from the optical coupling unit;
A bias control unit that feedback-controls the first and second bias supply units based on a monitoring result of the signal light monitoring unit;
(Supplementary note 2) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 1, wherein
The signal light monitor unit performs synchronous detection using the pilot signal on the signal light output from the optical coupling unit,
The optical transmission apparatus, wherein the bias control unit feedback-controls the first and second bias supply units so that an output signal level of synchronous detection in the signal light monitoring unit is close to zero.
(Supplementary note 3) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 1, wherein
The signal light monitor unit monitors the power of the AC component of the signal light output from the optical coupling unit,
The optical transmission device, wherein the bias control unit feedback-controls the first and second bias supply units so that the power monitored by the signal light monitoring unit is minimized.
(Supplementary note 4) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 1, wherein
The optical coupling unit includes an optical coupler using multimode interference having a plurality of input ports and two output ports corresponding to the plurality of optical paths,
The optical signal transmission unit, wherein the signal light monitor unit monitors signal light output from one output port of an optical coupler using the multimode interference.
(Supplementary note 5) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 1, wherein
The signal light monitoring unit includes an optical branching coupler provided on an optical path connected to the output terminal of the optical coupling unit, and monitors the signal light branched by the optical branching coupler. .
(Supplementary note 6) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 1, wherein
The phase shift unit gives a predetermined phase difference between the light by changing the phase of each light propagating through the plurality of optical paths,
The second bias supply unit supplies a plurality of bias voltages respectively corresponding to the plurality of optical paths to the phase shift unit;
The low frequency pilot signal superimposing unit superimposes the pilot signal on at least one of a plurality of bias voltages supplied to the phase shift unit when superimposing the pilot signal on the bias voltage on the phase shift unit side. An optical transmitter characterized by:
(Supplementary note 7) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 1, wherein
The optical signal transmission unit, wherein the signal light monitor unit has a narrower band range than a symbol frequency of the signal light.
(Supplementary note 8) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 1, wherein
An optical transmission apparatus comprising: an intensity modulation unit that modulates the intensity of signal light output from the optical coupling unit according to a clock signal having a frequency corresponding to a bit rate of the data signal.
(Supplementary note 9) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 8,
The signal light monitoring unit monitors the signal light output from the intensity modulation unit.
(Supplementary note 10) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 1, wherein
An optical transmission apparatus comprising: an intensity modulation unit that modulates the intensity of continuous light output from the light source according to a clock signal having a frequency corresponding to a bit rate of the data signal and outputs the intensity to the optical branching unit.
(Supplementary note 11) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 1, wherein
The low frequency pilot signal superimposing unit also superimposes the pilot signal on a drive signal corresponding to the data signal given to the plurality of phase modulation units,
An optical transmission apparatus comprising: an amplitude control unit that feedback-controls the amplitude of the drive signal based on a monitoring result of the signal light monitoring unit.
(Supplementary note 12) The optical transmission device according to supplementary note 11, wherein
The low-frequency pilot signal superimposing unit superimposes a pilot signal having a frequency different from that of the pilot signal superimposed on the one bias voltage on the drive signal.
(Supplementary note 13) a light source that generates continuous light;
A low-frequency pilot signal superimposing unit that superimposes a pilot signal having a frequency lower than the frequency corresponding to the bit rate of the data signal with respect to at least the bias voltage supplied to the phase shift unit;
A signal light monitor unit for monitoring signal light output from one output port of the optical coupler utilizing the multi-mode interference;
An optical transmission apparatus comprising: a bias control unit that performs feedback control of at least the second bias supply unit based on a monitoring result of the signal light monitoring unit.
(Supplementary note 14) a light source that generates continuous light;
A method for controlling an optical transmitter that generates and transmits multilevel phase-modulated signal light,
Only the bias voltage supplied to at least one of the plurality of phase modulation units and the bias voltage supplied to the phase shift unit has the bit rate of the data signal. Superimpose a pilot signal having a frequency lower than the corresponding frequency,
Monitor the signal light output from the optical coupling unit,
A control method comprising feedback-controlling the first and second bias supply units based on a monitoring result of the signal light monitoring unit.
It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which illustrated each data waveform and phase waveform of the propagation light by the side of the arm A corresponding to the amplitude change of a low frequency pilot signal about the said 1st Embodiment. It is the figure which illustrated the relationship between the power of the alternating current component of a monitor signal, and the output signal level of a synchronous detection with respect to the bias voltage of a phase shift part about the said 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the other structural example relevant to the said 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the other structural example relevant to the said 3rd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter by 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter by 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter by 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the other structural example relevant to the said 6th Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows another structural example relevant to the said 6th Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter by 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter by 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter by 9th Embodiment of this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Light source 2 ... DQPSK modulation part 5 ... RZ modulation part 21 ... Optical splitter 22, 55 ... Optical coupler (MMI coupler)
23A, 23B ... phase modulation unit 24 A1, 24 A2, 24 B1 , 24 B2, 51 ... modulation electrodes 25 A1, 25 A2, 25 B1 , 25 B2, 52 ... bias electrode 26A, 26B ... phase shifter 27, 47, 56. Photodetector (PD)
31A, 31B, 53 ... modulation driving unit 32,54 ... bias supplier 33 A1 ~33 B2, 34A, 34B ... bias supply circuit 35, 36 ... oscillator 41 ... condenser 42 ... amplifier 43 ... power detector 43 '... bandpass Filter (BPF)
44 ... Synchronous detection unit 45, 48A ... Bias control unit 46 ... Optical branching coupler 48 ... Control circuit 48B ... Amplitude control unit A, A1, A2, B, B1, B2 ... Arm DATA A , DATA B ... Data signal Vm A , Vm B ... Drive signal / Vm A , / Vm B ... Inverted drive signal Vb A1 to Vb B2 , Vp A , Vp B ... Bias voltage V PILOT ... Low frequency pilot signal
A light source that generates continuous light;
JP2008005512A 2007-01-15 2008-01-15 Optical transmitter and control method thereof Active JP4893637B2 (en)
JP2007006349 2007-01-15
JP2008005512A JP4893637B2 (en) 2007-01-15 2008-01-15 Optical transmitter and control method thereof
JP2008197639A JP2008197639A (en) 2008-08-28
JP4893637B2 true JP4893637B2 (en) 2012-03-07
ID=39676263
JP2008005512A Active JP4893637B2 (en) 2007-01-15 2008-01-15 Optical transmitter and control method thereof
US (1) US8582981B2 (en)
JP (1) JP4893637B2 (en)
US9020361B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2015-04-28 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Optical signal transmitter, and bias voltage control method
JP5267476B2 (en) 2010-01-29 2013-08-21 富士通オプティカルコンポーネンツ株式会社 Optical device and optical transmitter
JP4949496B2 (en) * 2010-02-26 2012-06-06 住友大阪セメント株式会社 Optical frequency comb generator, optical pulse generator using the same, optical frequency comb generator, and optical pulse generator using the same
US8081883B2 (en) * 2010-03-24 2011-12-20 Avago Technologies Fiber Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd Method and apparatus for compensating for optical crosstalk in an optical output power feedback monitoring system of a parallel optical transmitter
US8760752B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2014-06-24 Alcatel Lucent Tunable optical frequency comb generator
JP5874202B2 (en) * 2011-05-30 2016-03-02 富士通株式会社 Optical transmitter, its control method, and optical transmission system
WO2013042175A1 (en) * 2011-09-22 2013-03-28 Nec Corporation Optical output device and method for contorolling an optical transmitter
JP6019598B2 (en) * 2012-02-06 2016-11-02 富士通株式会社 Optical transmitter and bias control method for optical modulator
JP5884913B2 (en) * 2012-08-28 2016-03-15 日本電気株式会社 Optical transmitter, bias voltage control method
JP6059589B2 (en) * 2013-04-12 2017-01-11 日本電信電話株式会社 Optical modulator and optical modulator using the same
CN108351541A (en) * 2015-11-12 2018-07-31 日本电信电话株式会社 The control method of optical transmitter and bias voltage
WO2018064812A1 (en) * 2016-10-08 2018-04-12 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for pilot data detection using correlation peak tracking
JP3755460B2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2006-03-15 ソニー株式会社 Electrostatically driven MEMS element and manufacturing method thereof, optical MEMS element, light modulation element, GLV device, laser display, and MEMS apparatus
JP4466861B2 (en) * 2005-06-27 2010-05-26 横河電機株式会社 QPSK optical modulator
2008-01-14 US US12/013,857 patent/US8582981B2/en active Active
2008-01-15 JP JP2008005512A patent/JP4893637B2/en active Active
US20080187324A1 (en) 2008-08-07
US8582981B2 (en) 2013-11-12
JP2008197639A (en) 2008-08-28
US8582980B2 (en) 2013-11-12 Optical device and optical modulation method
US8463138B2 (en) 2013-06-11 Multi-value optical transmitter
JPWO2011114753A1 (en) 2013-06-27 Light modulator
EP1324102B1 (en) 2006-03-08 Optical modulation system applying a highly stable bias voltage to an optical modulator
JP5195677B2 (en) 2013-05-08 Optical signal transmitting apparatus and polarization multiplexed optical signal control method
US8391724B2 (en) 2013-03-05 Optical modulator, optical transmission device, and bias adjusting method
Ref document number: 4893637