Source: https://patents.justia.com/patent/10113165
Timestamp: 2020-02-17 01:39:17
Document Index: 773776748

Matched Legal Cases: ['§41', '§41', '§ 102', '§ 101', '§ 112', '§ 41', '§ 102', '§ 101', '§ 112', '§ 135', '§ 41', '§ 41', '§ 41', '§135', '§112', '§112', '§ 102', '§112', '§112', '§ 102', '§ 102', '§ 102', '§135', '§ 41', '§ 41']

US Patent for Modulation of exon recognition in pre-mRNA by interfering with the secondary RNA structure Patent (Patent # 10,113,165 issued October 30, 2018) - Justia Patents Search
Justia Patents From Organic Reactant Containing A Sulfur To Oxygen Bond, E.g., -s(=o), Etc.US Patent for Modulation of exon recognition in pre-mRNA by interfering with the secondary RNA structure Patent (Patent # 10,113,165)
Apr 8, 2014 - ACADEMISCH ZIEKENHUIS LEIDEN
This led the field to the conclusion that not so much the length of the rod, but the presence of a rod and the composition thereof (with respect to particular hinge regions in the protein), is crucial to the function per se of the dystrophin protein. Though the size of the rod may have an impact on the amount of functionality of the resulting (Becker) protein, there are many notable exceptions. These exceptions will be detailed below. There are especially benign mutations that can have a very short rod. It was noted by the inventors that many more different types of Becker patients should have been detected in the patient population. However, some types of shortened dystrophin proteins, that according to this hypothesis should have a Becker phenotype, are not detected in human population. For some of these “theoretical” Becker forms, this could just be a matter of chance. However, in the invention, it has been found that at least some of these “potential” Becker patients have such a benign phenotype that subjects having these types of mutations do not present themselves to a doctor or are not diagnosed as suffering from Becker's disease. With a compound of the invention, it is possible to restructure DMD pre-mRNA of many different Duchenne and even Becker patients such that a mild phenotype dystrophin is generated after translation of the restructured mRNA.
A transcription system containing a splicing system can be generated in vitro. The art has suitable systems available. However, the need for mRNA restructuring is, of course, predominantly felt for the manipulation of living cells, preferably, cells in which a desired effect can be achieved through the restructuring of an mRNA. Preferred mRNAs that are restructured are listed hereinabove. Preferably, genes active in muscle cells are used in the invention. Muscle cells (e.g., myotubes) are multinucleated cells in which many, but not all, muscle cell-specific genes are transcribed via long pre-mRNA. Such long pre-mRNAs are preferred for the invention, as restructuring of mRNAs produced from such long mRNAs is particularly efficient. It is thought, though it need not necessarily be so, that the relatively long time needed to generate the full pre-mRNA aids the efficiency of restructuring using a method or means of the invention, as more time is allowed for the process to proceed. The preferred group of genes of which the mRNA is preferably restructured in a method of the invention comprises: COL6A1 causing Bethlem myopathy, MTM1 causing myotubular myopathy, DYSF (dysferlin causing Miyoshi myopathy), and LGMD, LAMA2 (Laminin alpha 2) causing Merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy, EMD (emerin) causing Emery-Dreyfuss muscular dystrophy, the DMD gene causing Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy, and CAPN3 (calpain) causing LGMD2A. Any cell may be used, however, as mentioned, a preferred cell is a cell derived from a DMD patient. Cells can be manipulated in vitro, i,e., outside the subject's body. However, ideally, the cells are provided with a restructuring capacity in vivo. Suitable means for providing cells with an oligonucleotide, equivalent or compound of the invention are present in the art. Improvements in these techniques are anticipated considering the progress that has already thus far been achieved. Such future improvements may, of course, be incorporated to achieve the mentioned effect on restructuring of mRNA using a method of the invention. At present, suitable means for delivering an oligonucleotide, equivalent or compound of the invention to a cell in vivo comprises polyethylenimine (PEI) or synthetic amphiphils (SAINT-18) suitable for nucleic acid transfections. The amphiphils show increased delivery and reduced toxicity, also when used for in vivo delivery. Preferably, compounds mentioned in Smisterova, A. Wagenaar, M. C. A. Stuart, E. Polushkin, G. ten Bunke, R. Hulst, J. B. F. N. Engberts, and D. Hoekstra, “Molecular shape of the Cationic Lipid Controls the Structure of the Cationic Lipid/Dioleylphosphatidylethanolomine-DNA Complexes and the Efficiency of Gene Delivery,” J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:47615. The synthetic amphiphils preferably used are based upon the easily synthetically available “long-tailed” pyridinium head group-based materials. Within the large group of amphiphils synthesized, several show a remarkable transfection potential combined with a low toxicity in terms of overall cell survival. The ease of structural modification can be used to allow further modifications and the analysis of their further (in vivo) nucleic acid transfer characteristics and toxicity.
FIGS. 4A-4B show immuno-histochemical analysis of four DGC proteins from treated myotube cultures from patient DL 363.2. Cells were stained for myosin to identify sufficiently differentiated myotubes (not shown). Monoclonal antibodies NCL-a-SARC, NCL-b-SARC, NCL-g-SARC and NCL-b-DG were used to detect α-sarcoglycan, β-sarcoglycan, γ-sarcoglycan and β-dystroglycan, respectively. These proteins were detected in reduced percentages C40%) in untreated myotubes, and were mainly located in the cytoplasm (4A). Following AON treatment, however, α-sarcoglycan was detected in 70%, β-sarcoglycan was detected in 90%, γ-sarcoglycan was detected in 90% and β-dystroglycan was detected in 80% of the myotubes, and the proteins were mostly membrane-bound (4B), Magnification 63×.
Primary human myoblasts from patients DL 515.2 (deletion exon 45-50), DL 363.2 (deletion exon 45-54), 50685.1 (deletion exon 48-50), DL 589.2 (deletion exon 51-55) and 53914.1 (deletion exon 52) were isolated from a muscle biopsy and cultured as described (44). Cultures were seeded in collagen pre-coated flasks and plates (Vitrogen 100, Cohesion). Myotubes were obtained from confluent myoblast cultures, following 7 to 14 days of serum deprivation. They were subsequently transfected using polyethylenimine (PEI) for three hours in low-serum medium, according to the manufacturer's instructions (ExGen500; MBI Fermentas), and with 3.5 μl applied per μg of transfected AON. For RT-PCR analysis, concentrations of 500 nM AON were used. At this concentration, the highest skipping levels can be obtained, albeit with moderate levels of cell death. Because more viable myotubes are required for immunohistochernical and western blot analysis, concentrations of 200 nM were applied.
The myogenic cell content of the culture, as determined by the percentage of desmin-positive cells in an immunohistochemical assay, was improved to 58% by repetitive pre-plating [23]. Myotubes were obtained from confluent myoblast cultures following 7 to 14 days of incubation in low-serum medium (DMEM (Gibco BRL), supplemented with 2% GlutaMax-1, 1% glucose, 2% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution). For transfection of the myotube cultures, we used polyethylenimine (PEI; Ex. Gen 500) according to the manufacturer's instructions (MBI Ferrnentas). The cultures were transfected for three hours in low-serum medium with 1 mM of each AON linked to PEI at a ratio-equivalent of 3.5.
RNA isolation and RT-PCR analysis at 24 hours post-transfection, total RNA was isolated from the myotube cultures using RNAzol B according to the manufacturer's instructions (Campro Scientific, NL). One microgram of RNA was then used for RT-PCR analysis using C. therm polymerase (Roche Diagnostics) in a 20 μl reaction at 60° C. for 30 minutes, primed with different DMD gene-specific reverse (RT) primers (Table 3). Primary PCRs were carried out with outer primer sets (see Table 3), for 20 cycles of 94° C. (40 seconds), 60° C. (40 seconds), and 72° C. (90 seconds). One microliter of this reaction was then reamplified in nested PCRs using the appropriate primer combinations (Table 3) for 32 cycles of 94° C. (40 seconds), 60° C. (40 seconds), and 72° C. (60 seconds). PCR products were analyzed on 1.5 or 2% agarose gels.
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1. A method for inducing the skipping of exon 53 of the human dystrophin pre-mRNA in a subject with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) or Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD), or a cell derived from the subject, said method comprising providing to said subject or said cell, an antisense oligonucleotide of 18 nucleotides consisting of the base sequence of the sequence CUGUUGCCUCCGGUUCUG (SEQ ID NO: 29), wherein said oligonucleotide induces exon 53 skipping in the human dystrophin pre-mRNA in the subject or a cell derived from the subject, said oligonucleotide comprising a modification selected from the group consisting of: 2′-O-methyl, 2′-O-methylphosphorothioate, a morpholine ring, a phosphorodiamidate linkage, a peptide nucleic acid and a locked nucleic acid.
2. A method for treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) or Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) in a subject by inducing the skipping of exon 53 of the human dystrophin pre-mRNA, said method comprising providing to the subject an antisense oligonucleotide of 18 nucleotides consisting of the base sequence of the sequence CUGUUGCCUCCGGUUCUG (SEQ ID NO: 29), wherein said oligonucleotide induces exon 53 skipping in the human dystrophin pre-mRNA of the subject, said oligonucleotide comprising a modification selected from the group consisting of: 2′-O-methyl, 2′-O-methylphosphorothioate, a morpholine ring, a phosphorodiamidate linkage, a peptide nucleic acid and a locked nucleic acid.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein each internucleoside linkage of the oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate linkage.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the oligonucleotide is a 2′-O-methyl phosphorothioate oligonucleotide.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a phosphorodiamidate internucleoside linkage.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein each internucleoside linkage of the oligonucleotide is a phosphorodiamidate internucleoside linkage.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the oligonucleotide is a morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligonucleotide.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the bases of said oligonucleotide consist of DNA bases or RNA bases.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the oligonucleotide induces exon 53 skipping in the human dystrophin pre-mRNA and dystrophin expression in the muscle cell upon transfection of human muscle cells with at least 100 nM of said oligonucleotide and incubation for at least 16 hours.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein exon 53 skipping is detected by RT-PCR and/or sequence analysis.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein dystrophin expression in the muscle cell is detected by immunohistochemical and/or western blot analysis.
13. The method of claim 1, said oligonucleotide consisting of RNA.
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Patent Publication Number: 20140213635
Inventors: Judith Christina Theodora Van Deutekom (Dordrecht), Garrit-Jan B. van Ommen (Amserdam), Annemieke Aartsma-Rus (Hoofddorp), Johannes Theodorus den Dunnen (Rotterdam)
Application Number: 14/248,279
International Classification: A61K 48/00 (20060101); C12N 15/113 (20100101); C07H 21/02 (20060101); C12Q 1/6883 (20180101); G01N 33/68 (20060101); C12N 15/85 (20060101); A61K 38/00 (20060101);