Source: http://ecfr.io/Title-40/se40.36.1033_1101
Timestamp: 2019-12-12 16:03:58
Document Index: 788790769

Matched Legal Cases: ['§1033', 'art 1033', '§1033', 'art 1033', '§1033', 'art 1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033', '§1033']

[40 CFR §1033.101] Title 40 Part 1033 → Subpart B → §1033.101 : Code of Federal Regulations ';
Title 40 Part 1033 → Subpart B → §1033.101
Title 40 → Chapter I → Subchapter U → Part 1033 → Subpart B → §1033.101
§1033.101 Exhaust emission standards.
See §§1033.102 and 1033.150 to determine how the emission standards of this section apply before 2023.
(a) Emission standards for line-haul locomotives. Exhaust emissions from your new locomotives may not exceed the applicable emission standards in Table 1 to this section during the useful life of the locomotive. (Note: §1033.901 defines locomotives to be “new” when originally manufactured and when remanufactured.) Measure emissions using the applicable test procedures described in subpart F of this part.
Table 1 to §1033.101—Line-Haul Locomotive Emission Standards
1973-1992a Tier 0b 8.0 0.22 1.00 5.0
1993a-2004 Tier 1b 7.4 0.22 0.55 2.2
2005-2011 Tier 2b 5.5 e0.10 0.30 1.5
2012-2014 Tier 3c 5.5 0.10 0.30 1.5
2015 or later Tier 4d 1.3 0.03 0.14 1.5
aLocomotive models that were originally manufactured in model years 1993 through 2001, but that were not originally equipped with a separate coolant system for intake air are subject to the Tier 0 rather than the Tier 1 standards.
bLine-haul locomotives subject to the Tier 0 through Tier 2 emission standards must also meet switch standards of the same tier.
cTier 3 line-haul locomotives must also meet Tier 2 switch standards.
dManufacturers may elect to meet a combined NOX + HC standard of 1.4 g/bhp-hr instead of the otherwise applicable Tier 4 NOX and HC standards, as described in paragraph (j) of this section.
eThe PM standard for newly remanufactured Tier 2 line-haul locomotives is 0.20 g/bhp-hr until January 1, 2013, except as specified in §1033.150(a).
(b) Emission standards for switch locomotives. Exhaust emissions from your new locomotives may not exceed the applicable emission standards in Table 2 to this section during the useful life of the locomotive. (Note: §1033.901 defines locomotives to be “new” when originally manufactured and when remanufactured.) Measure emissions using the applicable test procedures described in subpart F of this part.
Table 2 to §1033.101—Switch Locomotive Emission Standards
1973-2001 Tier 0 11.8 0.26 2.10 8.0
2002-2004 Tier 1a 11.0 0.26 1.20 2.5
2005-2010 Tier 2a 8.1 b0.13 0.60 2.4
2011-2014 Tier 3 5.0 0.10 0.60 2.4
2015 or later Tier 4 c1.3 0.03 c0.14 2.4
aSwitch locomotives subject to the Tier 1 through Tier 2 emission standards must also meet line-haul standards of the same tier.
bThe PM standard for new Tier 2 switch locomotives is 0.24 g/bhp-hr until January 1, 2013.
cManufacturers may elect to meet a combined NOX + HC standard of 1.4 g/bhp-hr instead of the otherwise applicable Tier 4 NOX and HC standards, as described in paragraph (j) of this section.
(c) Smoke standards. The smoke opacity standards specified in Table 3 to this section apply only for locomotives certified to one or more PM standards or FELs greater than 0.05 g/bhp-hr. Smoke emissions, when measured in accordance with the provisions of Subpart F of this part, shall not exceed these standards.
Table 3 to §1033.101—Smoke Standards for Locomotives (Percent Opacity)
(d) Averaging, banking, and trading. You may generate or use emission credits under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program as described in subpart H of this part to comply with the NOX and/or PM standards of this part. You may also use ABT to comply with the Tier 4 HC standards of this part as described in paragraph (j) of this section. Generating or using emission credits requires that you specify a family emission limit (FEL) for each pollutant you include in the ABT program for each engine family. These FELs serve as the emission standards for the engine family with respect to all required testing instead of the standards specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. FELs may not be higher than the following limits:
(e) Notch standards. (1) Exhaust emissions from locomotives may not exceed the notch standards specified in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, except as allowed in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, when measured using any test procedures under any test conditions.
Notch standard = (Ei) × (1.1 + (1—ELHi/std))
Ei = The deteriorated brake-specific emission rate (for pollutant i) for the notch (i.e., the brake-specific emission rate calculated under subpart F of this part, adjusted by the deterioration factor in the application for certification); where i is NOX, HC, CO or PM.
ELHi = The deteriorated line-haul duty-cycle weighted brake-specific emission rate for pollutant i, as reported in the application for certification, except as specified in paragraph (e)(6) of this section.
std = The applicable line-haul duty-cycle standard/FEL, except as specified in paragraph (e)(6) of this section.
(6) For switch locomotives that are not subject to line-haul standards, ELHi equals the deteriorated switch duty-cycle weighted brake-specific emission rate for pollutant i and std is the applicable switch cycle standard/FEL.
(f) Fuels. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply for locomotives using the fuel type on which the locomotives in the engine family are designed to operate.
(iii) Diesel-fueled and other locomotives: THC emissions for Tier 3 and earlier locomotives and NMHC for Tier 4. Note that manufacturers/remanufacturers may choose to not measure NMHC and assume that NMHC is equal to THC multiplied by 0.98 for diesel-fueled locomotives.
(g) Useful life. The emission standards and requirements in this subpart apply to the emissions from new locomotives for their useful life. The useful life is generally specified as MW-hrs and years, and ends when either of the values (MW-hrs or years) is exceeded or the locomotive is remanufactured.
(1) The minimum useful life in terms of MW-hrs is equal to the product of the rated horsepower multiplied by 7.50. The minimum useful life in terms of years is ten years. For locomotives originally manufactured before January 1, 2000 and not equipped with MW-hr meters, the minimum useful life is equal to 750,000 miles or ten years, whichever is reached first. See §1033.140 for provisions related to rated power.
(3) Manufacturers/remanufacturers of locomotives with non-locomotive-specific engines (as defined in §1033.901) may ask us (before certification) to allow a shorter useful life for an engine family containing only non-locomotive-specific engines. We may approve a shorter useful life, in MW-hrs of locomotive operation but not in years, if we determine that these locomotives will rarely operate longer than the shorter useful life. If engines identical to those in the engine family have already been produced and are in use, your demonstration must include documentation from such in-use engines. In other cases, your demonstration must include an engineering analysis of information equivalent to such in-use data, such as data from research engines or similar engine models that are already in production. Your demonstration must also include any overhaul interval that you recommend, any mechanical warranty that you offer for the engine or its components, and any relevant customer design specifications. Your demonstration may include any other relevant information.
(h) Applicability for testing. The emission standards in this subpart apply to all testing, including certification testing, production-line testing, and in-use testing.
(i) Alternate CO standards. Manufacturers/remanufacturers may certify locomotives to an alternate CO emission standard of 10.0 g/bhp-hr instead of the otherwise applicable CO standard if they also certify those locomotives to alternate PM standards as follows:
(j) Alternate NOX + HC standards for Tier 4. Manufacturers/remanufacturers may use credits accumulated through the ABT program to certify Tier 4 locomotives to an alternate NOX + HC emission standard of 1.4 g/bhp-hr (instead of the otherwise applicable NOX and NMHC standards). You may use NOX credits to show compliance with this standard by certifying your family to a NOX + HC FEL. Calculate the NOX credits needed as specified in subpart H of this part using the NOX + HC emission standard and FEL in the calculation instead of the otherwise applicable NOX standard and FEL. You may not generate credits relative to the alternate standard or certify to the standard without using credits.
(k) Upgrading. Upgraded locomotives that were originally manufactured prior to January 1, 1973 are subject to the Tier 0 standards. (See the definition of upgrade in §1033.901.)
(l) Other optional standard provisions. Locomotives may be certified to a higher tier of standards than would otherwise be required. Tier 0 switch locomotives may be certified to both the line-haul and switch cycle standards. In both cases, once the locomotives become subject to the additional standards, they remain subject to those standards for the remainder of their service lives.
[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59188, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 22982, Apr. 30, 2010; 81 FR 74004, Oct. 25, 2016]