Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US4853199?dq=5,815,488
Timestamp: 2016-06-30 03:54:35
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Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 57', 'application No. 58', 'Application No. 56', 'application No. 58', 'application No. 59', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 61']

Patent US4853199 - Method for producing crystalline complex perovskite compounds - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA method for producing crystalline complex perovskite compounds from starting compounds of at least one metal such as Ca, Ba or Sr, at least one metal such as Mg, Zn, Ni or Co and at least one metal such as Ta or Ni. The respective compounds are selected from oxides, hydroxides, hydrous oxides, and water-soluble...http://www.google.com/patents/US4853199?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4853199 - Method for producing crystalline complex perovskite compoundsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4853199 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/141,774Publication dateAug 1, 1989Filing dateJan 7, 1988Priority dateJan 8, 1987Fee statusLapsedAlso published asDE3881064D1, DE3881064T2, EP0275151A2, EP0275151A3, EP0275151B1Publication number07141774, 141774, US 4853199 A, US 4853199A, US-A-4853199, US4853199 A, US4853199AInventorsOsamu Inoue, Syunichiro KawashimaOriginal AssigneeMatsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (10), Classifications (19), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod for producing crystalline complex perovskite compounds
US 4853199 AAbstract
A method for producing crystalline complex perovskite compounds from starting compounds of at least one metal such as Ca, Ba or Sr, at least one metal such as Mg, Zn, Ni or Co and at least one metal such as Ta or Ni. The respective compounds are selected from oxides, hydroxides, hydrous oxides, and water-soluble organic compounds and inorganic salts of the respective metals. The water-soluble organic compounds and inorganic salts are capable of yielding metal oxides, hydroxides and hydrous oxides by hydrolysis. These starting compounds are heated at certain temperatures in an alkaline aqueous solution to obtain the perovskite compound at significantly low reaction temperatures of at least 95� C. Prior to the heating, the starting compounds may be treated in the alkaline aqueous solution at temperatures lower than 95� C. to form a uniformly mixed amorphous phase of the compounds and then heated.
1. A method of producing a fine powder, crystalline complex perovskite compound of the formula A(B1/3 C2/3)O3, wherein A represents at least one divalent metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Ba, B represents at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, Co and Ni, and C represents at least one pentavalent metal selected from the group consisting of Ta and Nb, the method comprising providing a proportion of at least one member selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, hydrous oxides, water-soluble inorganic salts and organic compounds of the metals A, at least one member selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, hydrous oxides, water-soluble inorganic salts and organic compounds of the metals B, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, hydrous oxides, water-soluble inorganic salts and organic compounds of the metals C, provided that the watersoluble inorganic salts and organic compounds of the respective metals are, respectively, capable of yielding oxides, hydroxide and hydrous oxides of the metals by hydrolysis, said member which are not water soluble having a size of one micrometer or less, the proportion of said members being such as to effect formation of said perovskite compound; and reacting the selected members in an alkaline aqueous solution at a temperature of 140� C. or lower, said temperature being sufficient to cause the members to convert into the fine powder, crystalline complex perovskite compound. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said crystalline complex perovskite compound is Sr(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said crystalline complex perovskite compound is Ba(Mg1/3 Ta2/3)O3.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said crystalline complex perovskite compound is Ba(Zn1/3 Ta2/3)O3.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said alkaline aqueous solution is a solution of a hydroxide of the metal A.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the solution of a hydroxide of the metal A is a saturated solution.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein said alkaline aqueous solution is a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein said alkaline aqueous solution has a pH not lower than 12.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is higher than 95� C.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is higher than 110� C. and the reaction is effected in a closed system under pressure.
11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is effected in a system using a reflux condenser so that the water in the alkaline aqueous solution is recycled.
12. A method according to claim 1, further comprising heating the alkaline aqueous solution to dryness when at least one of the selected members is soluble in water and is used to make the alkaline aqueous solution.
13. A method according to claim 1, further comprising separating the obtained perovskite compound from the alkaline aqueous solution.
14. A method according got claim 1, wherein the reaction is effected in a CO2 gas-free atmosphere.
15. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is effected by a procedure which comprises treating the selected members in an alkaline aqueous solution at a temperature lower than 95� C. to form a uniformly mixed amorphous powder, and heating the amorphous powder in the alkaline aqueous solution or in coexistence therewith at a temperature not lower than 95� C. to convert the powder into a crystalline complex perovskite compound.
16. A method according to claim 15, wherein the amorphous powder is heated at a temperature higher than 110� C.
17. A method according to claim 15, wherein prior to the heating, the amorphous powder is removed from the solution but kept wetted, and is subsequently heated.
18. A method according to claim 15, wherein the amorphous powder is heated in the alkaline aqueous solution.
19. A method according to claim 15, wherein the amorphous powder is heated to dryness.
This invention relates to crystalline complex perovskite compounds which are useful as a material for capacitors or other ceramic materials and more particularly, to a method for producing such complex perovskite compounds.
For the manufacture of oxide ceramic powders, usual practice is to mix metal oxides, carbonates and the like in a suitable milling device such as a ball mill and calcine the mixture at suitable temperatures. The resultant powder is, however, disadvantageous in that it is large and irregular in size, so that sinterability is not good; because of the non-uniformity of the composition, the characteristics of the powder are not consistent; and since the ingredients are mechanically mixed and milled, for example, by a bal mill, incorporation of impurities is inevitable.
In order to avoid the above disadvantages, various preparation processes using starting powders have been proposed. One such process is a process of hydrolyzing metal alkoxides. This process makes use of the reaction between a metal alkoxide of the formula, M(OR)n, in which M is a metal atom having a balance of n, and R represents an alkyl group, and water thereby forming a metal oxide or hydroxide and an alcohol. For instance, BaTiO3 having a perovskite structure can be prepared by dissolving barium alkoxide and titanium alkoxide at a molar ratio of 1:1 in an organic solvent and dropping the solution into water for hydrolysis. This is described, for example, in Japanese Laid-open patent application No. 57-82119. The powder obtained by the above process has been already crystallized at a low powder formation temperature of 70� to 80� C. Further, the powder has a fine size and good sinterability, and is substantially free of any impurities as will occur at the time of mixing in a ball mill.
Oxides which contain two or more metals and can be prepared as a crystalline powder by similar processes as described above include, for example, perovskite compounds or solid solutions thereof such as SrTiO3, Ba(Ti1-x Zrx)O3, BaZrO3, (Ba1-x Srx)TiO3 and the like as described in Japanese Laid-open patent application No. 58-2220; ferrite compounds such as MnFe2 O4, (Mn1-x Znx)Fe2 O4, NiFe2 O4 and the like as described in Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 56-26726; germanic acid salts such as SrGeO3, PbGeO3, ZnGeO3 and the like as described in Japanese Laid-open patent application No. 58-199717; and other oxides such as PbWO4, SrAs2 O6 and the like.
However, the hydrolysis processes of metal alkoxides have a serious problem that starting metal alkoxides are very expensive.
Other processes have also been proposed to obtain a fine powder by reaction of two or more metal salts or hydrolyzates in a strongly alkaline aqueous solution. These processes are useful in preparation of crystalline powders of simple perovskite compounds or solid solutions thereof including, for example, BaTiO3 (Journal of the Industrial Chemistry, Vol. 71, No. 1 and Japanese Laid-open patent application No. 59-39716), Ba(Ti1-x Zrx)O3 and (Ba1-x Srx)TiO3 (Japanese Laid-open patent application No. 60-10303), and PbTiO3 (Japanese Laid-open patent application No. 61-158821).
For the preparation of complex perovskite compounds having a more complicated crystalline structure and represented, for example, by the following formula,
A(Bx, Cy)O3 in which A, B and C are, respectively, metal atoms having valences of p, q and r, and x+y=1 provided that q≠r and xq+yr=6-p, the above-described known processes or techniques are not satisfactory. For instance, with the hdyrolysis method of metal alkoxides, an amorphous powder is formed. According to the process using a metal salt or its hydrolyzate, only four compounds indicated above are now prepared, but crystalline complex perovskite compounds have not been produced by the latter process. Even though the individual compounds of the solid solutions are taken into account, only four types of compounds including BaTiO3, BaZrO3, SrTiO3 and PbTiO3 are prepared.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for producing crystalline complex perovskite compounds in the form of a fine powder by a simple and inexpensive manner.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method for producing crystalline complex perovskite compounds in which the perovskite compounds are obtained at low reaction temperatures.
The above objects can be achieved, according to the invention, by a method of producing a crystalline complex perovskite compound of the formula, A(B1/3 C2/3)O3, in which A represents at least one divalent metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Ba, B represents at least one divalent metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, Co and Ni, and C represents at least one pentavalent metal selected from the group consisting of Nb and Ta. The method comprises providing at predetermined mixing ratios at least one compound of the metal A, at least one compound of the metal B and at least one compound of the metal C, the these compounds of the metals A, B and C being selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, hydrous oxides, water-soluble inorganic salts and organic compounds of the metals A, B and C, respectively, provided that the water-soluble inorganic salts and organic compounds of the metals are, respectively, capable of yielding oxides, hydroxide and hydrous oxides of the metals by hydrolysis, and reacting or treating the mixture in an alkaline aqueous solution at a temperature sufficient to cause the mixture to convert into a crystalline complex perovskite compound. The present invention is characterized by the treatment of the starting compounds in an alkaline aqueous solution at certain, relatively low temperatures.
Preferably, the hydroxides, oxides or hydrous oxides obtained by hydrolysis of water-soluble metal salts or organic metal compounds are used because these compounds are more reactive and are likely to be formed as finer powders. When starting compounds of the respective metals are provided and are subsequently reacted in an alkaline aqueous solution, a uniformly mixed amorphous material is initially formed. This amorphous material or mixture is then converted into a crystalline complex perovskite compound when heated at 95� C. or over. Accordingly, it is possible to form the perovskite compound from the mixture not only by one step where the mixture is heated in an alkaline aqueous solution at a sufficient temperature, but also by two steps including a first step of treating or interacting the mixture in an alkaline aqueous solution to form an amorphous phase of the ingredients and a second step of heating the mixture at a temperature sufficient to cause the mixture to be converted into a crystalline complex perovskite compound. This heating step should be effected in coexistence of or in the alkaline aqueous solution. The term "coexistence" is intended to mean that the amorphous phase is at least wetted completely with the alkaline solution.
According to the method of the invention, there is obtained a crystalline complex perovskite compound of the formula, A(B1/3 C2/3)O3, in which A represents at least one divalent metal selected from Ca, Sr and Ba, B represents at least one divalent metal selected from Mg, Zn, Co and Ni, and C represent at least one pentavalent metal selected from Nb and Ta.
The three types of metals represented by A, B and C should be essentially contained in final perovskite compounds of the invention. The respective metal components A, B and C may each consist of one or more metals selected from the defined group.
In the first step of the method of the invention, starting oxides, hydroxides, hydrous oxides, and watersoluble inorganic salts and organic compounds of the respective metals are provided. If oxides, hydroxides and hydrous oxides are used, these materials should be as fine fine as possible as provided. The oxides, hydroxides or hydrous oxides obtained from the water-soluble inorganic salts or organic compounds are preferred because they are fine in size and reactive although it is not always necessary to use those starting compounds obtained by hydrolysis of water-soluble metal salts or organic metal compounds. However, if the starting materials are not soluble in water and have a size over 1 micrometer, they are unlikely to readily form a uniformly mixed amorphous phase of the starting compounds. When such a mixture is subjected to reaction or treatment in an alkaline aqueous solution, the conversion reaction does not smoothly proceed to a satisfactory extent. As a result, it takes inconveniently a long time for the conversion reaction while leaving part of the starting materials unreacted. Even though the size is below 1 micrometer, the powders which have once been subjected to thermal treatment at high temperatures are poor in reactivity. This is why oxides, hydroxides or hydrous oxides obtained from metal salts or organic metal compounds by hydrolysis are preferably used. In fact, the oxides, hydroxides or hydrous oxides obtained from these soluble metal salts or organic metal compounds are more reactive and finer in size than available solid oxides, hydroxides or hydrous oxides of the defined metals. These water-soluble metal salts or organic metal compounds may be used as they are or after conversion into corresponding oxides, hydroxides or hydrous oxide. If the salts or organic metal compounds are added to the reaction system, they are readily converted into corresponding oxides, hydroxides or hydrous oxides in the system since the system is aqueous and alkaline in nature.
The salts useful for these purposes may be water-soluble inorganic salts such as sulfate, halides including chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride, phosphate, nitrate, and the like. If it is desirable to separately obtain oxides, hydroxides or hydrous oxides from these salts, a metal salt is dissolved in water or an acidic solution and neutralized with an alkali as will be particularly described in the examples.
The organic metal compounds include, for example, alkoxides such as methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide and the like, carboxylates such as acetate, propoxide and the like, and acetylacetonates, and the like. In order to separately obtain oxides, hydroxides or hydrous oxides from these organic metal compounds, these compounds are dissovled in a suitable solvent and the resultant solution is added to water. Alternatively, the compound may be dissolved in water and neutralized with an alkali.
Irrespective of the origins of the starting oxide, hydroxide or hydrous oxide powders, they should preferably have a size not larger than 1 micrometer.
These starting materials should be provided at predetermined mixing ratios so that a final perovskite compound has intended ratios of the metals, A, B and C.
In the second step, the starting materials are subjected to conversion reaction into a crystalline complex perovskite compound. This conversion reaction is effected in an alkaline solution at a temperature sufficient to cause the starting materials into the perovskite compound. in order to make an alkaline solution, an alkaline compound such as NaOH, KOH or the like may be used. In this connection, however, since the complex perovskite compound contains an alkaline earth metal such as Ba, it is preferred to use a hydroxide or oxide of this alkaline earth metal to be contained in a final perovskite compound. This makes it possible to prevent impurities such as Na, K and the like from incorporation into the perovskite compound.
In one embodiment of the invention, the conversion reaction is effected by one step which comprises reacting or treating the mixture of oxides, hydroxides, hydrous oxides, water-soluble inorganic salts or organic compounds of the metals A, B, and C in an alkaline aqueous solution at a temperature sufficient to cause the mixture to be converted into a crystalline complex perovskite compound.
The reacting or treating conditions are described. The conversion reaction proceeds satisfactorily in the alkaline aqueous solution. If the aqueous solution used is too small in amount, the reaction does not necessarily proceed smoothly. On the contrary, too large an amount of the aqueous solution undesirably requires a large amount of an alkaline substance. It is thus preferred from the industrial viewpoint that the starting materials are used in an amount of 0.1 to several moles per liter of the solution when calculated as a final complex perovskite compound.
In view of the reaction time and yield, the reaction system should preferably have a pH of 10 or over. At a pH below 10, the reaction proceeds only slowly. More preferably, the pH of the reaction system is 11 or over, most preferably 12 or over. The starting materials used contain an alkaline earth element such as Ba, Mg and the like. If these materials are soluble in water, the reaction system eventually becomes alkaline and the reaction may proceed without use of any additional alkaline substances. However, this will result in formation of a final perovskite compound having a composition different from an intended composition owing to the dissolution of part of the starting powders. To avoid this, other alkaline substances such as NaOH may be added to the reaction system but, as described before, the contamination of the final product with Na would become inevitable. Accordingly, it is preferred to use an aqueous saturated solution of a starting alkaline compound as an alkaline aqueous solution, or to permit part of a starting alkaline compound to be dissolved in water and continue the reaction until the water is gradually evaporated to dryness.
The conversion reaction is considered to proceed by two steps: one step includes interaction of three kinds of starting materials in an alkaline aqueous solution to form a uniformly mixed amorphous powder mixture ; and the other step includes crystallization of the amorphous powder by heating at temperatures not lower than 95� C. in the solution to form a crystalline complex perovskite compound.
The first step proceeds more fastly at higher temperatures, but the temperature is not critical. The temperature higher than 70� C. is preferable in order to cause the interaction efficiently. The time before completion of the interaction may vary depending upon not only the interaction temperature, but also the types and amounts of starting materials. The intereaction time may be in a wide range of 0.5 hours or 100 hours, preferably several to several tens hours. The uniformly mixed amorphous phase obtained by the interaction is considered to be a kind of precursor in which metal--O--metal bonds may be formed along with metal--OH bonds.
In the crystallization step, the temperature is important. When the interaction has been completed and the resultant amorphous powder is heated under contact with the alkaline solution at a certain temperature, the crystallization proceeds. A crystalline complex perovskite compound starts to be formed at temperatures of 95� C. or higher as will be clearly seen from the examples. The heating temperature is preferably not lower than 100� C., more preferably not lower than 105� C. for ensuring a smooth crystallization procedure. At temperatures higher than 100� C., the crystallization is generally effected in a closed system, such as an autoclave, under pressure because the reaction system is aqueous.
In one embodiment of the invention which comprises one step reaction procedure as described before, the reaction system is heated to 95� C. or higher from commencement of the treatment in coexistence of or in an alkaline aqueous solution so that the starting materials are converted through an amorphous powder into crystallized by one step. This one step procedure is preferably effected in an autoclave or the like closed system so that temperatures of 95� C. or higher are conveniently used.
In another embodiment of the invention, the interaction is effected at temperatures lower than 95� C. for a sufficient time of 0.5 hours or longer in an aqueous alkaline solution to obtain a uniformly mixed amorphous powder. Preferably, the temperature is 70� C. or higher. Subsequently, this powder is heated at 95� C. or higher in coexistence of or in the alkaline solution. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the amorphous powder is initially formed by treatment in the alkaline aqueous solution at temperatures lower than 95� C., at which crystallization starts to occur, and is then crystallized at temperatures higher than 95� C. as set forth with respect to the first embodiment. For the crystallization, the thus obtained amorphous powder may be removed from the solution but fully wetted therewith and heated at temperatures not lower than 95� C. Alternatively, the amorphous powder in the aqueous alkaline solution may be heated at it is at temperatures not lower than 95� C. for a time sufficient for crystallization, or may be heated until the mixture is evaporated to dryness if at least one of the starting materials is soluble in water and is used to make an alkaline solution. This embodiment using the distinct two interaction and crystallization steps is advantageous in that crystals of a final perovskite compound are finer and more uniform in size.
In either embodiment, the conversion reaction is preferably effected in an atmosphere of a gas free of CO2 so that formation of a crystalline complex perovskite compound is not impeded at all. This is because if Ba is contained, for example, in the starting materials, it may react with CO2 and convert into barium carbonate, which is insoluble in water. Accordingly, it is preferred to effect the reaction in an atmosphere of a CO2 -free gas such as N2 or O2, or other inert gases such as Ar.
The conversion reaction takes a relatively long time, so that the reaction should preferably be effected in a closed or substantially closed system, not permitting the water in the reaction system to be evaporated by heating. For this purpose, a system using a reflux condenser as well as an autoclave may be conveniently used to recycle once evaporated water. In this connection, it should be noted that if starting alkaline materials are used to make an alkaline reaction system without use of any additional alkaline substances, the water in the system may be purposely evaporated off by heating so as to bring a final composition of the perovskite to conform to an initially intended composition. The treatment or reaction may be carried out under agitation or merely under reflux.
The final perovskite product is usually obtained in an alkaline solution. The product may be separated from the solution by any known techniques such as filtration, centrifugal separation and the like.
Typical and preferable examples of final crystalline complex perovskite compounds prepared according to the method of the invention include Ba(Zn1/3 Ta2/3)O3, Ba(Mg1/3 Ta2/3)O3, Sr(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3 and the like.
Prior to preparation of a complex perovskite compound, starting compounds were first prepared. Special grade ZnSO4 was dissolved in pure water, to which NaOH was added in order to make a pH of approximately 6.5. The resultant precipitate was separated from the solution and washed sufficiently with pure water to obtain zinc hydroxide. Separately, TaCl5 was dissolved in a mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid and neutralized in the same manner as with Zn to obtain an amorphous hydrolyzate of tantalum. The thus obtained powders were each heated up to 1000� C. to determine an ignition loss, from which the contents of Zn and Ta were, respectively, determined. These powders and special grade Ba(OH)2.8H2 O were accurately weighed in such amounts that Ba:Zn:Ta=3:1:2 by atomic ratio. The powders were mixed with an aqueous saturated solution of barium hydroxide in a flask. The flask was set on a water bath and heated under reflux in a stream of N2 gas at 80� C. for 5 hours. The resultant precipitate was separated by a centrifugal separator, and divided into pieces. The respective pieces were wrapped with paper in a wet condition and dried at different temperatures of 30� C., 90� C., 95� C., 100� C. and 110� C. to obtain the respective powder products. These products were each subjected to X-ray diffraction. As a result, it was found that the sample dried at 30� C. consisted of an amorphous phase and barium hydroxide. The sample dried at 90� C. was entirely amorphous. Those samples dried at 95� C. and 100� C. showed peaks of a crystalline complex perovskite phase of Ba(Zn1/3 Ta2/3)O3 although these peaks were broad. The sample dried at 110� C. was found to be crystalline Ba(Zn1/3 Ta2/3)O3.
In the same manner as in Example 1, Ba(OH)2.8H2 O, and amorphous hydrolyzate product of tantalum and ZnO obtained by precipitation from an aqueous solution of ZnSO4 at a pH of 10 were provided in such amounts that Ba:Zn:Ta=3:1:2 by atomic ratio. These powders were added to 50 ml of pure water and heated under reflux in an stream of N2 at 90� C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, a reflux condenser was removed and the temperature was raised to 100� C., at which the content was heated under agitation until it was evaporated to dryness. The resultant powder was subjected to measurement of X-ray diffraction, revealing a very broad diffraction peak of a crystalline complex perovskite phase of Ba(Zn1/3 Ta2/3)O3. Example 3
Ta(C2 H5 O)5 was dissolved in ethanol, to which pure water was added thereby obtaining an amorphous hydrolyzate product of tantalum. This tantalum product, BaSO4 and ZnSO4 were provided in such amounts that that Ba:Zn:Ta=3:1:2 by atomic ratio, followed by addition to 100 ml of pure water. Thereafter, an aqueous NaOH solution was added to the mixture in an amount of 0.032 moles as NaOH, followed by heating under reflux in a stream of N2 at the boiling point for 5 hours.
The resultant powder was dried and subjected to X-ray diffraction, from which it was confirmed that a crystalline complex perovskite compound, Ba(Zn1/3 Ta2/3)O3, was formed although the peak was very broad.
Similar to Example 2, Ba(OH)2.8H2 O, an amorphous tantalum hydrolyzate and ZnO obtained by precipitation from an aqueous solution of ZnSo4 at a pH of 10 were, respectively, provided in such amounts that that Ba:Zn:Ta=3:1:2 by atomic ratio. These powders were added to 50 ml of an aqueous saturated solution of barium hydroxide. The dispersion was placed in a 200 ml autoclave and subjected to reaction at 120� C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the content was cooled down to room temperature and the resultant powder was separated by filtration and dried. This powder was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, from which it was confirmed that a crystalline complex perovskite compound was formed. The formed crystals had a size of about 0.1 micrometer.
Similar to Example 1, Ba(OH)2.8H2 O, an amorphous hyrolyzate of tantalum oxide and MgO were, respectively, provided in such amounts that Ba:Mg:Ta=3:1:2 by atomic ratio. These powders were added to 150 ml of an aqueous saturated solution of barium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide and placed in a flask. The above procedure was repeated, thereby giving three flasks in total. These flasks were, respectively, set on a water bath and heated under reflux in a stream of N2 at 80� C., 90� C. and 95� C. for 5 hours. The resultant precipitate was separated by means of a centrifugal separator, transferred to a beaker and dried in a dryer at 80� C. The powders obtained under different conditions were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis. As a result, it was found that the powders treated at 80� C. and 90� C. were amorphous. On the other hand, the powder treated or reacted at 95� C. showed a diffraction peak of a crystalline complex perovskite phase of Ba(Mg1/3 Ta2/3)O3 although the peak was very broad.
Similar to Example 6, Ba(OH)2.8H2 O, MgO and an amorphous hydrolyzate of tantalum were, respectively, provided in such amounts that Ba:Mg:Ta=3:1:2 by atomic ratio. These powders were added to 50 ml of pure water and placed in a 200 ml autoclave, followed by treatment at 110� C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the content in the autoclave was transferred to a teflon beaker and dried at 100� C. The resultant powder was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing that a crystalline complex perovskite phase of Ba(Mg1/3 Ta2/3)O3 was formed. The size of the powder determined from the X-ray diffraction analysis was about 0.1 micrometer.
Ta(C2 H5 O)5 was dissolved in ethanol, to which pure water was added thereby obtaining an hydrolyzate product of tantalum. This tantalum product, BaSO4 and MgSO4 were, respectively, provided in such amounts that Ba:Mg:Ta=3:1:2 by atomic ratio. These powders were added to 100 ml of pure water, to which an aqueous NaOH solution was added in such an amount that the content of NaOH was 0.032 moles. The mixture was reacted by heating in a stream of N2 under reflux at the boiling point of about 100� C. for 5 hours. Subsequently, the content was cooled down to room temperature and the resultant powder was filtered off and dried. The dried powder was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, from which formation of a crystalline complex perovskite compound was confirmed. The crystals of the powder had a size of about 0.2 micrometers.
A precipitate obtained by neutralizing an acidic aqueous solution of NbCl5 was washed sufficiently with pure water and dried to obtain an amorphous hydrolyzate product of niobium. This niobium product, special grade strontium hydroxide and magnetic oxide were, respectively, provided in such amounts that Sr:Mg:Nb=3:1:2 by atomic ratio. These materials were added to 150 ml of an aqueous saturated solution of strontium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide and placed in an autoclave. The above procedure was repeated to obtain six samples in total. These samples were reacted for 2 hours at different temperatures of 80� C., 90� C., 95� C., 100� C., 110� C. and 140� C. The resultant reaction products were each separated by filtration, washed with water and dried at 80� C. Each product was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis. As a result, it was found that the products obtained by the reaction at 80� C. and 90� C. were amorphous. The products obtained by the reaction at 95� C. and 100� C. were observed to have broad diffraction peaks of crystalline Sr(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3. The products obtained by the reaction at 110� C. and 140� C. were crystalline Sr(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3.
Similar to Example 9, an amorphous hydrolyzate product of niobium, special grade strontium hydroxide and magnesium oxide were, respectively, provided in such amounts that that Sr:Mg:Nb=3:1:2 by atomic ratio. These materials were added to 50 ml of pure water and reacted by heating under reflux in a stream of Ar at 90� C. for 3 hours.
Thereafter, a reflux condenser was removed and the temperature of the reaction system was raised to about 100� C., followed by heating until the water was completely evaporated. The resultant powder was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, with the results that a broad diffraction peak of Sr(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3 was observed.
Niobium ethoxide, special grade strontium sulfate and magnetic hydroxide were, respectively, provided in such amounts that Sr:Mg:Nb=3:1:2 by atomic ratio. These materials were added to 200 ml of an aqueous NaOH solution having a concentration of 1 mole and reacted in an autoclave in a stream of Ar at 110� C. for 5 hours. The resultant powder was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, from which a diffraction peak of crystalline Sr(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3 was observed. The crystals of the powder had a size of about 0.1 micrometer.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3464785 *Dec 14, 1965Sep 2, 1969United Aircraft CorpProcess for producing ordered complex perovskite-type crystals with high dielectric constantsUS4487842 *May 18, 1983Dec 11, 1984Nippon Hoso KyokaiLow-loss microwave dielectric materialUS4675123 *Apr 11, 1985Jun 23, 1987Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd.Piezoelectric composite materialJPH0610303A * Title not availableJPS582220A * Title not availableJPS5556063A * Title not availableJPS5626726A * Title not availableJPS5782119A * Title not availableJPS5939716A * Title not availableJPS58199717A * Title not availableJPS61158821A * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Galasso et al, "Ordering in Compounds of the A(B'0.33 Ta0.67)O3 Type", Inorganic Chemistry, p. 482-484.2 *Galasso et al, Ordering in Compounds of the A(B 0.33 Ta 0.67 )O 3 Type , Inorganic Chemistry, p. 482 484.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5027300 *Dec 20, 1989Jun 25, 1991Bull Hn Information Systems Inc.Two level multiplexer circuit shifter apparatusUS5076901 *Apr 17, 1989Dec 31, 1991Gec-Marconi LimitedMethod of manufacturing perovskite lead scandium tantalateUS5096642 *Dec 15, 1987Mar 17, 1992National Institute For Research In Inorganic MaterialsProcess for producing a high density ceramic of perovskiteUS5110782 *Apr 10, 1990May 5, 1992Yoshida Kogyo K.K.Process for producing perovskite-type oxide catalystUS5180699 *Nov 13, 1990Jan 19, 1993Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.Process for producing powder material for lead perovskite ceramicUS5287213 *Feb 11, 1993Feb 15, 1994Fujian Institute Of Research On The Structure Of Matter, Chinese Academy Of SciencesBarium strontium titanate photorefractive device and method for making the sameUS5531974 *Mar 17, 1994Jul 2, 1996Hughes Aircraft CompanyFlux grown, monosize oxide particlesUS5728362 *Aug 3, 1995Mar 17, 1998Asea Brown Boveri AgMethod of producing a mixed metal oxide powder and mixed metal oxide powder produced according to the methodUS5900223 *Nov 14, 1996May 4, 1999Chon International Co. Ltd.Process for the synthesis of crystalline powders of perovskite compoundsUS6117806 *Oct 24, 1997Sep 12, 2000Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd.Dielectric material, a method for producing the same and a dielectric resonator device comprising same* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification501/135, 423/593.1, 423/594.1International ClassificationC01G53/00, C01G33/00, C01G35/00, C01G51/00Cooperative ClassificationC01P2002/02, C01G35/006, C01P2002/60, C01G51/006, C01G33/006, C01P2004/62, C01G53/006, C01P2002/34European ClassificationC01G33/00D, C01G53/00D, C01G35/00D, C01G51/00DLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJan 7, 1988ASAssignmentOwner name: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., 1006, OAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:INOUE, OSAMU;KAWASHIMA, SYUNICHIRO;REEL/FRAME:004824/0972Effective date: 19871223Owner name: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.,JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:INOUE, OSAMU;KAWASHIMA, SYUNICHIRO;REEL/FRAME:004824/0972Effective date: 19871223Jan 4, 1993FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jan 21, 1997FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Feb 20, 2001REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJul 29, 2001LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesOct 2, 2001FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20010801RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services