Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US8252203B2/en
Timestamp: 2018-12-12 17:29:49
Document Index: 362813878

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 10', 'Application No. 1545', 'Application No. 9514', 'Application No. 200880105091', 'Application No. 201010185274', 'Application No. 201010198537', 'Application No. 2468']

US8252203B2 - Luminescent material - Google Patents
US8252203B2
US8252203B2 US13099879 US201113099879A US8252203B2 US 8252203 B2 US8252203 B2 US 8252203B2 US 13099879 US13099879 US 13099879 US 201113099879 A US201113099879 A US 201113099879A US 8252203 B2 US8252203 B2 US 8252203B2
US13099879
US20110204291A1 (en )
Gundula Roth
Chung Hoon Lee
A luminescent material is disclosed. The luminescent material may include a first compound having a host lattice comprising first ions and oxygen. A first portion of the first ions may be substituted by copper ions. In one embodiment, the host lattice may include silicon, the copper ions may be divalent copper ions and the first compound may have an Olivine crystal structure, β-K0.2SO4 crystal structure, a trigonal Glaserite (K3Na(SO4)2) or monoclinic Merwinite crystal structure, a tetragonal Ackermanite crystal structure, a tetragonal crystal structure or an orthorhombic crystal structure. In another embodiment, the copper ions do not act as luminescent ions upon excitation with the ultraviolet or visible light.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/948,813, filed on Nov. 30, 2007, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/024,722, filed on Dec. 30, 2004, and claims priority from and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2004-0042397, filed on Jun. 10, 2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to fluorescent materials containing rare earth elements and, more particularly, to such luminescent materials for exciting ultraviolet as well as visible light containing lead- and/or copper-containing compounds.
Lead has in the ground state 1S0 two outer electrons. The electron configuration of the ground state is d10s2, so that the lowest excited state has d10sp configuration. The excited sp configuration has four levels, 3P0, 3P1, 3P2 and 1P1, which can be achieved between 165.57 nm (3P0) and 104.88 nm (1P1) in the free ion. Transitions between 1S0 and 1P1 excited level are allowed by all selection rules. While transitions between 1S0 and 3P0 are only allowed with the lowest symmetry, transitions between 1S0 and 3P1 as well as 3P2 are allowed only under certain conditions. However, excitation between 180 and 370 nm has the same emission. Excitation with wavelength longer than 370 nm is not possible.
Copper was used as a monovalent activator in orthophosphates (Wanmaker, W. L. and Bakker, C., J. Electrochem. Soc., 106, 1027, 1959) with an emission maximum at 490 nm. The ground state of monovalent copper is a filled shell 3d10. That is the level 1S0. After exciting the lowest excited configuration is 3d94s. This configuration has two terms, 3D and 1D. The next higher configuration, 3d94p, gives 6 terms 3P°, 3F°, 3D°, 1F°, 1D° and 1P°. The transitions between the ground state 1S0 and the 1D or 3D are forbidden by parity or spin, respectively. In copper ions, the excitation to the crystal field levels of 4p terms are allowed. Emission will be got either by a direct return from the crystal field odd state to the ground state or by a combination of transitions first from the odd state to a crystal field level and after that a second transition from these 3D or 1D state of the 3d94s configuration to the ground state.
The ground state of bivalent copper has 3d9-configuration. That is the level 2D5/2. In the bivalent copper, one of the d-electrons can be excited to the 4s or 4p orbital. The lowest exciting configuration is the 3d84s with two quartet terms 4F, 4P and four doublet terms, 2F, 2D, 2P and 2G without emission caused by forbidden transitions. The higher exciting configuration is the 3d84p-configuration with four terms 4D°, 4G°, 4F°, and 4P°, where emission can occur.
Orthophosphates activated by copper (Wanmaker, W. L., and Spier, H. L., JECS 109 (1962), 109), and pyrophosphates, alumosilicates, silicates, and tripolyphosphates all activated by copper are described in “Keith H. Butler, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1980, S. 281”. However, such phosphors can only be used for a short wave U.V. excitation. Because of their unstable chemical properties and their temperature behavior, they cannot be used in fluorescent lamps.
It has been observed that conventional luminescent materials are generally unstable in water, air humidity, water steam and polar solvents.
One embodiment exemplarily described herein can be generally characterized as a luminescent material for a light emitting diode (LED) that includes a first compound including a host lattice and a luminescent ion within the host lattice. The host lattice may include first ions and oxygen. A first portion of the first ions may be substituted by divalent copper ions. The first compound may emit light upon excitation with ultraviolet light or visible light emitted by the LED. The first compound may have an Olivine crystal structure, a β-K0.2SO4 crystal structure, a trigonal Glaserite (K3Na(SO4)2) or monoclinic Merwinite crystal structure, a tetragonal Ackermanite crystal structure, a tetragonal crystal structure or an orthorhombic crystal structure.
According to another embodiment, the luminescent ion includes at least one of Bi, Sn, Sb, Sc, Y, La, In, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. According to another embodiment, the first compound includes Ge. According to another embodiment, the luminescent material further includes at least one second compound selected from the group consisting of an aluminate, a silicate, an antimonite, a germinate, a germinate-silicate and a phosphate. According to another embodiment, the luminescent material emits white light upon excitation with ultraviolet light or visible light.
Another embodiment exemplarily described herein can be generally characterized as a luminescent material for a light emitting diode (LED) that includes a first compound including a host lattice and a luminescent ion within the host lattice. The host lattice may include first ions and oxygen. A first portion of the first ions may be substituted by copper ions. The first compound may emit light upon excitation with ultraviolet light or visible light emitted by the LED. However, the copper ions do not act as luminescent ions upon excitation with the ultraviolet light or visible light. An additional object of the present invention is to provide lead and/or copper doped luminescent materials, which give high color temperature range about 2,000K to 8,000K or 10,000K and CRI over 90 in LED.
According to embodiments exemplarily described herein, a luminescent material may include one or more lead- and/or copper-containing chemical compounds. The luminescent material may be excited by UV and/or visible (e.g., blue) light. In some embodiments, the lead- and/or copper-containing chemical compounds may be generally characterized as including a host lattice having anions and cations. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the cations are divalent cations. In some embodiments, the divalent cations include alkaline earth ions. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the divalent cations of the host lattice are substituted by divalent lead and/or divalent copper ions.
As mentioned above, conventional luminescent materials are generally unstable in water, air humidity, water steam and polar solvents. However, due to a higher covalency and a lower basicity, the substitutionally-incorporated divalent lead and/or divalent copper ions in the host lattice of the chemical compound yields luminescent materials having improved resistance against water, air humidity and polar solvents.
The divalent lead and/or divalent copper ions within the host lattice do not act as activators (also referred to herein as “luminescent ions”) and, therefore do not luminance. Rather, it has been found that these ions tend to influence the crystal field splitting as well as the covalency of the chemical compound. As a result, the substitutional incorporation of divalent lead and/or copper ions within the host lattice tends to influence luminescent-optical properties of the chemical compounds so as to improve luminescent intensity and desirably shift the emission maxima, color points, and shape of emission spectra.
It has been found that phosphors having chemical compounds that contain substitutionally-incorporated divalent lead and/or divalent copper ions show improved emission intensities as compared with phosphors having chemical compounds that do not contain substitutionally-incorporated divalent lead and/or divalent copper ions.
In addition, it has been found that phosphors having chemical compounds that contain substitutionally-incorporated divalent lead and/or divalent copper ions tend to show improved luminescent properties for excitation wavelength higher than about 360 nm. At excitation wavelengths higher than about 360 nm, the divalent lead and/or divalent copper ions do not exhibit their own radiation transfers due to the energy levels of their electron configuration, so that any kind of exciting radiation cannot be lost. Furthermore, by substitutionally incorporating divalent lead and/or divalent copper ions, the emission wavelength can be shifted to higher or lower energies as desired.
Lead ions having an ionic radius of 119 μm can substitute the alkaline earth ions Ca having an ionic radius of 100 μm and Sr having an ionic radius of 118 μm very easily. The electro negativity of lead with 1.55 is much higher than that of Ca (1.04) and Sr (0.99). The preparation of substances containing lead is complicated due to the possibility of an oxidation of these ions in reducing atmospheres. For the preparation of lead-containing compounds, which need reducing atmosphere, special preparation processes are necessary.
The influence of substitutionally-incorporated divalent lead ions in the crystal field on the shifting of emission characteristics depends upon the substituted ions. When divalent lead ions substitute Sr or Ba in Eu-activated aluminates and/or silicates, the emission maximum tends to be shifted to longer wavelengths due to smaller ionic radii of Pb as compared with the ionic radii of Ba and Sr. That leads to a stronger crystal field surrounding the activator ion.
A similar effect shows the substitution of divalent copper ions for alkaline earth ions. Here, an additional influence is effective. Due to the higher ionic potential of copper as a quotient of ionic charge and ionic radius compared to the bigger alkaline earth ions, the copper ions can attract the neighboring oxygen ions stronger than the alkaline earth ions. So the substitution of the bigger alkaline earth ions Ca, Sr and Ba by copper leads to a stronger crystal field in the surrounding of the activator ions, too. Thus, the shape of emission bands can be influenced, the shifting of the emission peak to longer wavelength is connected in a broadening of the emission curves for band emission. In addition, it should be possible to increase the intensity of emission by substitution of ions copper and lead. Generally, the shifting of emission peaks to longer or shorter wavelengths are desirable in the field of LED lighting. Here, it is necessary to realize a fine tuning to get a special wavelength for desired color points as well as for better brightness of optical devices. By using cations, copper and lead, such a fine tuning should be possible.
As described above, the luminescent material may include one or more chemical compounds such as, for example, aluminates, silicates, antimonates, germinates, germinate-silicates, and/or phosphates. Exemplary embodiments of these luminescent materials are described in greater detail below.
Luminescent materials for ultraviolet light or visible light excitation comprise lead- and/or copper-containing aluminates exemplarily characterized according to the formula as follows:
a(M′O).b(M″2O).c(M″X).dAl2O3 .e(M′″O).f(M″″2O3).g(M′″″oOp).h(M″″″xOy) (1)
wherein M′ may be Pb, Cu, and/or any combination thereof; M″ may be one or more monovalent elements, for example, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Au, Ag, and/or any combination thereof; M′″ may be one or more divalent elements, for example, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Mn, and/or any combination thereof; M″″ may be Bi, Sn, Sb, Sc, Y, La, In, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and any combination thereof; X may be F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof; 0<a≦4; 0≦b≦2; 0≦c≦2; 0≦d≦1; 0≦e≦1; 0≦f≦1; 0≦g≦1; 0<h≦2; 1≦x≦2; and 1≦y≦5.
The preparation of copper- as well as lead-containing luminescent materials may be a basic solid state reaction. Pure starting materials without any impurities, e.g. iron, may be used. Any starting material which may transfer into oxides via a heating process may be used to form oxygen dominated phosphors.
The starting materials in the form of oxides, hydroxides, and/or carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, e.g., H3BO3. The mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible in a first step at about 1,200° C. for about one hour. After milling the pre-fired materials a second firing step at about 1,450° C. in a reduced atmosphere for about 4 hours may be followed. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum of about 494 nm.
copper containing Eu2+-activated aluminate compared with Eu2+-
activated aluminate without copper at about 400 nm excitation wavelength
Compound containing copper without copper
Cu0.02Sr3.98Al14O25: Eu Sr4Al14O25: Eu
Luminous density (%) 103.1 100
Wavelength (nm) 494 493
The starting materials in form of very pure oxides, carbonates, or other components which may decompose thermically into oxides, may be mixed in stoichiometric proportion together with small amounts of flux, for example, H3BO3. The mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,200° C. for about one hour in the air. After milling the pre-fired materials a second firing step at about 1,450° C. in air for about 2 hours and in a reduced atmosphere for about 2 hours may be followed. Then the material may be milled, washed, dried, and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum of from about 494.5 nm.
lead-containing Eu2+-activated aluminate compared with Eu2+-activated
Lead-containing compound without lead
Pb0.05Sr3.95Al14O25: Eu Sr4Al14O25: Eu
Luminous density (%) 101.4 100
Wavelength (nm) 494.5 493
optical properties of some copper-and/or lead-containing aluminates
excitable by long wave ultraviolet and/or by visible light and their luminous
density in % at 400 nm excitation wavelength
length of lead-
Luminous density at 400 nm and/or copper
Possible excitation compared containing Peak wave length of
excitation with compounds not materials materials without
Composition range(nm) containing copper/lead (%) (nm) lead/copper (nm)
Cu0.5Sr3.5Al14O25: Eu 360-430 101.2 495 493
Cu0.02Sr3.98Al14O25: Eu 360-430 103.1 494 493
Pb0.05Sr3.95Al14O25: Eu 360-430 101.4 494.5 493
Cu0.01Sr3.99Al13.995Si0.005O25: 360-430 103 494 492
Cu0.01Sr3.395Ba0.595Al14O25: Eu, 360-430 100.8 494 493
Pb0.05Sr3.95Al13.95Ga0.05O25: Eu 360-430 101.5 494 494
Luminescent materials for ultraviolet light or visible light excitation comprise lead and/or copper doped aluminates according to the formula as follows:
a(M′O).b(M″O).c(Al2O3).d(M′″2O3).e(M″″O2).f(M′″″xOy) (5)
wherein M′ may be Pb, Cu, and/or any combination thereof; M″ may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Mn, and/or any combination thereof; M′″ may be B, Ga, In, and/or any combination thereof; M″″ may be Si, Ge, Ti, Zr, Hf, and/or any combination thereof; M′″″ may be Bi, Sn, Sb, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and/or any combination thereof; 0<a≦1; 0≦b≦2; 0<c≦8; 0≦d≦1; 0≦e≦1; 0<f≦2; 1≦x≦2; and 1≦y≦5.
The luminous peak and density of Example 2 are described in Table 7, which will be shown below.
The starting materials in the form of, for example, pure oxides and/or as carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, for example, AlF3. The mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,250° C. in a reduced atmosphere for about 3 hours. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum of about 521.5 nm.
Compound containging copper without copper
Cu0.05Sr0.95Al1.9997Si0.0003O4: Eu SrAl2O4: Eu
Luminous density 106 100
Wavelength (nm) 521.5 519
The starting materials in the form of, for example, pure oxides, hydroxides, and/or carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, for example, AlF3. The mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,420° C. in a reduced atmosphere for about 2 hours. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried, and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum of about 452 nm.
copper-containing Eu2+-activated aluminate compared with copper not
doped Eu2+-activated aluminate at 400 nm excitation wavelength
containing copper without copper
Cu0.12BaMg1.88Al16O27: Eu BaMg2Al16O27: Eu
Luminous density (%) 101 100
Wavelength (nm) 452 450
The starting materials in form of, for example, pure oxides, hydroxides, and/or carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, for example, H3BO3. The mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,000° C. for about 2 hours in the air. After milling the pre-fired materials a second firing step at about 1,420° C. in the air for about 1 hour and in a reduced atmosphere for about 2 hours may be followed. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum of about 521 nm.
lead-containing Eu2+-activated aluminate compared with Eu2+-
activated aluminate without lead at about 400 nm excitation wavelength
compound Compound without lead
Pb0.1Sr0.9Al2O4: Eu SrAl2O4: Eu
Luminous density (%) 102 100
Wavelength (nm) 521 519
excitable by long wave ultraviolet and/or by visible light and their luminous density in % at 400 nm
Luminous density at length of
Possible 400 nm excitation lead/copper
excitation compared with doped Peak wave length of
range copper/lead not doped materials materials without
Composition (nm) compounds (%) (nm) lead/copper (nm)
Cu0.05Sr0.95Al1.9997Si0.0003O4: Eu 360-440 106 521.5 519
Cu0.2Mg0.7995Li0.0005Al1.9Ga0.1O4: 360-440 101.2 482 480
Eu, Dy
Pb0.1Sr0.9Al2O4: Eu 360-440 102 521 519
Cu0.05BaMg1.95Al16O27: Eu, Mn 360-400 100.5 451, 515 450, 515
Cu0.12BaMg1.88Al16O27: Eu 360-400 101 452 450
Cu0.01BaMg0.99Al10O17: Eu 360-400 102.5 451 449
Pb0.1BaMg0.9Al9.5Ga0.5O17: Eu, 360-400 100.8 448 450
Pb0.08Sr0.902Al2O4: Eu, Dy 360-440 102.4 521 519
Pb0.2Sr0.8Al2O4: Mn 360-440 100.8 658 655
Cu0.06Sr0.94Al2O4: Eu 360-440 102.3 521 519
Cu0.05Ba0.94Pb0.06Mg0.95Al10O17: 360-440 100.4 451 449
Pb0.3Ba0.7Cu0.1Mg1.9Al16O27: Eu 360-400 100.8 452 450
Pb0.3Ba0.7Cu0.1Mg1.9Al16O27: Eu, 360-400 100.4 452, 515 450, 515
Luminescent materials for ultraviolet light or visible light excitation comprise lead and/or copper doped silicates according to the formula as follows:
wherein M′ may be Pb, Cu, and/or any combination thereof; M″ may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Mn, and/or any combination thereof; M′″ may be Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Au, Ag, and/or any combination thereof; M″″ may be Al, Ga, In, and/or any combination thereof; M′″″ may be Ge, V, Nb, Ta, W, Mo, Ti, Zr, Hf, and/or any combination thereof; M″″″ may be Bi, Sn, Sb, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and/or any combination thereof; X may be F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof; 0<a≦2; 0<b≦8; 0≦c≦4; 0≦d≦2; 0≦e≦2; 0≦f≦2; 0<g≦10; 0<h≦5; 1≦o≦2; 1≦p≦5; 1≦x≦2; and 1≦y≦5.
The copper-containing silicates exemplarily described herein may, in some embodiments, contain SiO4 and be characterized as having an Olivine structure (orthorhombic) or β-K0.2SO4 structure (orthorhombic); contain Si2O8 and be characterized as having a trigonal Glaserite (K3Na(SO4)2) or monoclinic Merwinite structure; contain Si2O7 and be characterized as having a tetragonal Ackermanite structure; contain SiO5 and be characterized as having a tetragonal structure; and/or contain Si2O5 and be characterized as having an orthorhombic structure.
Cu0.05Sr1.7Ca0.25SiO4: Eu (10)
The starting materials in the form of pure oxides and/or carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, for example, NH4Cl. The mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,200° C. in an inert gas atmosphere (e.g., N2 or noble gas) for about 2 hours. Then the material may be milled. After that, the material may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,200° C. in a slightly reduced atmosphere for about 2 hours. Then, the material may be milled, washed, dried, and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum at about 592 nm.
copper-containing Eu2+-activated silicate compared with Eu2+-
activated silicate without copper at about 400 nm excitation wavelength
Copper-containing Compound without
Cu0.05Sr1.7Ca0.25SiO4: Eu Sr1.7Ca0.3SiO4: Eu
Luminous density (%) 104 100
Wavelength (nm) 592 588
The starting materials in the form of very pure oxides and carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, for example, NH4Cl. In a first step the mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,100° C. in a reduced atmosphere for about 2 hours. Then the material may be milled. After that the material may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,235° C. in a reduced atmosphere for about 2 hours. Then that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum at about 467 nm.
copper-containing Eu2+-activated silicate compared with Eu2+-activated
Copper-containing compound Compound without copper
Cu0.2Sr2Zn0.2Mg0.6Si2O7: Eu Sr2Zn2Mg0.6Si2O7: Eu
Luminous 101.5 100
Wavelength 467 465
The starting materials in the form of oxides and/or carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, for example, NH4Cl. The mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,000° C. for about 2 hours in the air. After milling the pre-fired materials a second firing step at 1,220° C. in air for 4 hours and in reducing atmosphere for 2 hours may be followed. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum at about 527 nm.
lead-containing Eu2+-activated silicate compared with Eu2+-activated
Pb0.1Ba0.95Sr0.95Si0.998Ge0.002O4: Eu BaSrSiO4: Eu
Luminous 101.3 100
Wavelength (nm) 527 525
The starting materials in the form of oxides, chlorides, and/or carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, for example, NH4Cl. The mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible in a first step at about 1,100° C. for about 2 hours in the air. After milling the pre-fired materials a second firing step at about 1,220° C. in the air for about 4 hours and in a reduced atmosphere for about 1 hour may be followed. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum at about 492 nm.
lead-containing Eu2+-activated chlorosilicate compared with Eu2+-
activated chlorosilicate without lead at 400 nm excitation wavelength
Lead-containing compound Compound without lead
Pb0.25Sr3.75Si3O8Cl4: Eu Sr4Si3O8Cl4: Eu
Luminous 100.6 100
Wavelength (nm) 492 490
Results obtained with respect to copper- and/or lead-containing silicates are shown in table 12.
optical properties of some copper- and/or lead-containing rare earth
activated silicates excitable by long wave ultraviolet and/or by visible light and their luminous
density in % at about 400 nm excitation wavelength
Luminous density at length
Possible 400 nm excitation of lead-and/or Peak wave length
excitation compared with copper- of materials
range copper/lead not doped containing without
Composition (nm) compounds (%) materials (nm) lead/copper (nm)
Pb0.1Ba0.95Sr0.95Si0.998Ge0.002O4: 360-470 101.3 527 525
Cu0.02(Ba,Sr,Ca,Zn)1.98SiO4: 360-500 108.2 565 560
Cu0.05Sr1.7Ca0.25SiO4: Eu 360-470 104 592 588
Cu0.05Li0.002Sr1.5Ba0.448SiO4: 360-470 102.5 557 555
Gd, Eu
Cu0.2Sr2Zn0.2Mg0.6Si2O7: Eu 360-450 101.5 467 465
Cu0.02Ba2.8Sr0.2Mg0.98Si2O8: 360-420 100.8 440, 660 438, 660
Eu, Mn
Pb0.25Sr3.75Si3O8Cl4: Eu 360-470 100.6 492 490
Cu0.2Ba2.2Sr0.75Pb0.05Zn0.8Si2O8: 360-430 100.8 448 445
Cu0.2Ba3Mg0.8Si1.99Ge0.01O8: 360-430 101 444 440
Cu0.5Zn0.5Ba2Ge0.2Si1.8O7: Eu 360-420 102.5 435 433
Cu0.8Mg0.2Ba3Si2O8: Eu, Mn 360-430 103 438, 670 435, 670
Pb0.15Ba1.84Zn0.01Si0.99Zr0.01O4: 360-500 101 512 510
Cu0.2Ba5Ca2.8Si4O16: Eu 360-470 101.8 495 491
Luminescent materials for ultraviolet light or visible light excitation comprise lead and/or copper-containing antimonates according to the formula as follows:
a(M′O).b(M″2O).c(M′X).d(Sb2O5).e(M′″O).f(M″″xOy) (14)
wherein M′ may be Pb, Cu, and/or any combination thereof; M″ may be Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Au, Ag, and/or any combination thereof; M′″ may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Mn, and/or any combination thereof; M″″ may be Bi, Sn, Sc, Y, La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Gd, and/or any combination thereof; X may be F, Cl, Br, I, and/or any combination thereof; 0<a≦2; 0≦b≦2; 0≦c≦4; 0≧d≦8; 0≦e≦8; 0<f≦2; 1≦x≦2; and 1≦y≦5.
Cu0.2Mg0.7Li0.2Sb2O7:Mn (15)
The starting materials in the form of oxides may be mixed in stoichiometric proportion together with small amounts of flux. In a first step the mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 985° C. in the air for about 2 hours. After pre-firing the material may be milled again. In a second step the mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,200° C. in an atmosphere containing oxygen for about 8 hours. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum at about 626 nm.
copper-containing antimonate compared with antimonate without
copper at about 400 nm excitation wavelength
Copper-containing compound Comparison without copper
Cu0.2Mg1.7Li0.2Sb2O7: Mn Mg2Li0.2Sb2O7: Mn
Luminous 101.8 100
Wavelength 652 650
The starting materials in the form of oxides and/or carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux. In a first step the mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 975° C. in the air for about 2 hours. After pre-firing the material may be milled again. In a second step the mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,175° C. in the air for about 4 hours and then in an oxygen-containing atmosphere for about 4 hours. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum at about 637 nm.
lead-containing antimonate compared with antimonate without lead at
Pb0.006Ca0.6Sr0.394Sb2O6 Ca0.6Sr0.4Sb2O6
Luminous 102 100
Wavelength (nm) 637 638
Results obtained in respect to copper- and/or lead-containing antimonates are shown in table 15.
optical properties of some copper and/or lead-containing antimonates
excitable by long wave ultraviolet and/or by visible light and their luminous density in % at
at 400 nm Peak wave
excitation length of
compared with Peak wave length materials
Possible copper/lead not of lead-and/or without
excitation doped compounds copper-containing lead/copper
Composition range (nm) (%) materials (nm) (nm)
Pb0.2Mg0.002Ca1.798Sb2O6F2: Mn 360-400 102 645 649
Cu0.15Ca1.845Sr0.005Sb1.998Si0.002O7: 360-400 101.5 660 658
Cu0.2Mg1.7Li0.2Sb2O7: Mn 360-400 101.8 652 650
Cu0.2Pb0.01Ca0.79Sb1.98Nb0.02O6: Mn 360-400 98.5 658 658
Cu0.01Ca1.99Sb1.9995V0.0005O7: Mn 360-400 100.5 660 657
Pb0.006Ca0.6Sr0.394Sb2O6 360-400 102 637 638
Cu0.02Ca0.9Sr0.5Ba0.4Mg0.18Sb2O7 360-400 102.5 649 645
Pb0.198Mg0.004Ca1.798Sb2O6F2 360-400 101.8 628 630
Luminescent materials for ultraviolet light or visible light excitation comprise lead- and/or copper-containing germanates and/or a germanate-silicates exemplarily characterized according to the formula as follows:
a(M′O)b(M″2O)c(M″X)dGeO2 e(M′″O)f(M″″2O3)g(M′″″oOp)h(M″″″xOy) (17)
wherein M′ may be Pb, Cu, and/or any combination thereof; M″ may be Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Au, Ag, and/or any combination thereof; M′″ may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, and/or any combination thereof; M″″ may be Sc, Y, B, Al, La, Ga, In, and/or any combination thereof; Mm′″″ may be Si, Ti, Zr, Mn, V, Nb, Ta, W, Mo, and/or any combination thereof; M″″″ may be Bi, Sn, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, and/or any combination thereof; X may be F, Cl, Br, I, and/or any combination thereof; 0<a≦2; 0≦b≦2; 0≦c≦10; 0≦d≦10; 0≦e≦14; 0≦f≦14; 0≦g≦10; 0≦h≦2; 1≦o≦2; 1≦p≦5; 1≦x≦2; and 1≦y≦5.
The starting materials in the form of oxides and/or carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, for example, NH4Cl. In a first step the mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,200° C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere for about 2 hours. Then, the material may be milled again. In a second step the mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,200° C. in oxygen containing atmosphere for about 2 hours. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum at about 655 nm.
lead-containing Mn-activated germanate compared with Mn-activated
germinate without lead at about 400 nm excitation wavelength
Comparison without
Copper-containing compound copper
Pb0.004Ca1.99Zn0.006Ge0.8Si0.2O4: Ca1.99Zn0.01Ge0.8Si0.2O4:
Wavelength 655 657
Starting materials: CuO, SrCO3, GeO2, SiO2, MnCO3, and/or any combination thereof.
The starting materials in the form of oxides and/or carbonates may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux, for example, NH4Cl. In a first step the mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,100° C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere for about 2 hours. Then, the material may be milled again. In a second step the mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,180° C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere for about 4 hours. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The resulting luminescent material may have an emission maximum at about 658 nm.
copper-containing Mn-activated germanate-silicate compared with Mn-
copper-containing compound without copper
Cu0.46Sr0.54Ge0.6Si0.4O3: Mn SrGe0.6Si0.4O3: Mn
Luminous density 103 100
Wavelength (nm) 658 655
optical properties of some copper and/or lead-containing germanate-
silicates excitable by long wave ultraviolet and/or by visible light and their luminous density in
% at about 400 nm excitation wavelength
400 nm excitation Peak wave Peak wave
Possible compared with length of lead- length of materials
excitation copper/lead not and/or copper- without
range containing containing lead/copper
Composition (nm) compounds (%) materials (nm) (nm)
Pb0.004Ca1.99Zn0.006Ge0.8Si0.2O4: Mn 360-400 101.5 655 657
Pb0.002Sr0.954Ca1.044Ge0.93Si0.07O4: 360-400 101.5 660 661
Cu0.46Sr0.54Ge0.6Si0.4O3: Mn 360-400 103 658 655
Cu0.002Sr0.998Ba0.99Ca0.01Si0.98Ge0.02O4: 360-470 102 538 533
Cu1.45Mg26.55Ge9.4Si0.6O48: Mn 360-400 102 660 657
Cu1.2Mg26.8Ge8.9Si1.1O48: Mn 360-400 103.8 670 656
Cu4Mg20Zn4Ge5Si2.5O38F10: Mn 360-400 101.5 658 655
Pb0.001Ba0.849Zn0.05Sr1.1Ge0.04Si0.96O4: 360-470 101.8 550 545
Cu0.05Mg4.95GeO6F2: Mn 360-400 100.5 655 653
Cu0.05Mg3.95GeO5.5F: Mn 360-400 100.8 657 653
Luminescent materials for ultraviolet light or visible light excitation comprise lead and/or copper-containing phosphates exemplarily characterized according to the formula as follows:
a(M′O)b(M″2O)c(M″X)dP2O5 e(M′″O)f(M″″2O3)g(M′″″O2)h(M″″″xOy) (20)
wherein M′ may be Pb, Cu, and/or any combination thereof; M″ may be Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Au, Ag, and/or any combination thereof; M′″ may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Mn, and/or any combination thereof; M″″ may be Sc, Y, B, Al, La, Ga, In, and/or any combination thereof, Mm′″″ may be Si, Ge, Ti, Zr, Hf; V, Nb, Ta, W, Mo, and/or any combination thereof; M″″″ may be Bi, Sn, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ce, Tb, and/or any combination thereof; X may be F, Cl, Br, I, and/or any combination thereof; 0<a≦2; 0≦b≦12; 0≦c≦16; 0<d≦3; 0≦e≦5; 0≦f≦3; 0≦g≦2; 0<h≦2; 1≦x≦2; and 1≦y≦5.
The luminescent materials comprising the lead and/or copper-containing phosphates may be used as compounds for ultraviolet light in a light emitting device.
The starting materials in the form of oxides, phosphates, and/or carbonates and chlorides may be mixed in stoichiometric proportions together with small amounts of flux. The mixture may be fired in an alumina crucible at about 1,240° C. in reducing atmosphere for about 2 hours. After that the material may be milled, washed, dried and sieved. The luminescent material may have an emission maximum at about 450 nm.
copper-containing Eu2+-activated chlorophosphate compared
with Eu2+-activated chlorophosphate without copper at about
Copper-containing Compound
compound without copper
Cu0.02Ca4.98(PO4)3Cl: Eu Ca5(PO4)3Cl: Eu
Luminous density (%) 101.5 100
Wavelength (nm) 450 447
copper- and/or lead-containing phosphates excitable by long wave
ultraviolet and/or by visible light and their luminous density in % at about 400 nm excitation
400 nm Peak wave length
excitation compared of lead/copper- Peak wave length
Possible with copper/lead not containing of materials
excitation doped compounds materials without
Composition range (nm) (%) (nm) lead/copper (nm)
Cu0.02Sr4.98(PO4)3Cl: Eu 360-410 101.5 450 447
Cu0.2Mg0.8BaP2O7: Eu, Mn 360-400 102 638 635
Pb0.5Sr1.5P1.84B0.16O6.84: Eu 360-400 102 425 420
Cu0.5Mg0.5Ba2(P,Si)2O8: Eu 360-400 101 573 570
Cu0.5Sr9.5(P,B)6O24Cl2: Eu 360-410 102 460 456
Cu0.5Ba3Sr6.5P6O24(F,Cl)2: 360-410 102 443 442
Cu0.05(Ca,Sr,Ba)4.95P3O12Cl: 360-410 101.5 438, 641 435, 640
Pb0.1Ba2.9P2O8: Eu 360-400 103 421 419
Lead- and/or copper-containing luminescent materials exemplarily described above can be act as converter for light emitting devices, such as ultraviolet as well as blue emitting LEDs, back lights and painting pigments. They can convert the excitation wavelength from the ultraviolet and blue light to longer visible wavelength. According to some embodiments, one or more of the lead- and/or copper-containing luminescent materials exemplarily described above may be used or mixed to produce a luminescent material with a color temperature ranging from about 2,000K to about 8,0000K or about 10,000K and superior color rendering index of greater than about 60 (e.g. between about 60 and about 90, or greater than about 90, or between about 90 and about 95). Thus, for all color temperatures as well as for all color coordinates inside of the white light coordinates, an appropriate luminescent material or mixture thereof can be found.
1. A luminescent material for a light emitting diode (LED), comprising:
a first compound including a host lattice and a luminescent ion within the host lattice,
wherein the host lattice comprises first ions and oxygen,
wherein a first portion of the first ions is substituted by divalent copper ions,
wherein the first compound emits light upon excitation with ultraviolet light or visible light emitted by the LED,
wherein the first compound has a trigonal Glaserite (K3Na(SO4)2) crystal structure, a monoclinic Merwinite crystal structure, a tetragonal crystal structure, or an orthorhombic crystal structure, and
wherein the first ions comprise at least one of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd and Mn.
2. The luminescent material of claim 1, wherein the luminescent material has a color temperature ranging from about 2,000K to about 8,000K.
3. The luminescent material of claim 1, wherein the luminescent material has a color temperature of about 10,000K.
4. The luminescent material of claim 1, wherein the luminescent material has a color rendering index greater than about 60.
5. The luminescent material of claim 4, wherein the luminescent material has a color rendering index between about 60 and about 90.
6. The luminescent material of claim 4, wherein the luminescent material has a color rendering index greater than about 90.
7. The luminescent material of claim 1, wherein the luminescent ion comprises at least one of Bi, Sn, Sb, Sc, Y, La, In, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu.
8. The luminescent material of claim 1, wherein the first compound comprises a silicate.
9. The luminescent material of claim 8, wherein the first compound comprises Ge.
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