Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102694531B/en
Timestamp: 2020-08-15 17:42:00
Document Index: 260552990

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CN102694531B - Load drive apparatus and semiconductor switching device drive apparatus - Google Patents
Load drive apparatus and semiconductor switching device drive apparatus Download PDF
CN102694531B
CN102694531B CN201210080800.XA CN201210080800A CN102694531B CN 102694531 B CN102694531 B CN 102694531B CN 201210080800 A CN201210080800 A CN 201210080800A CN 102694531 B CN102694531 B CN 102694531B
CN201210080800.XA
CN102694531A (en
尾势朋久
滨中义行
千田康隆
三浦亮太郎
山本宪司
2011-03-24 Priority to JP066221/2011 priority Critical
2011-03-24 Priority to JP2011066221A priority patent/JP5392287B2/en
2011-04-12 Priority to JP088017/2011 priority
2011-04-12 Priority to JP2011088017A priority patent/JP5392291B2/en
2012-03-23 Application filed by 株式会社电装 filed Critical 株式会社电装
2012-09-26 Publication of CN102694531A publication Critical patent/CN102694531A/en
2015-06-17 Publication of CN102694531B publication Critical patent/CN102694531B/en
244000171263 Ribes grossularia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 312
230000001052 transient Effects 0.000 claims 3
A load drive apparatus includes a switching device (1), a gate drive circuit (2), a clamp circuit (3), a temperature detection circuit (4), and an arithmetic device (5). The switching device controls an on-off state of current supply to a load. The gate drive circuit turns on the switching device by controlling a gate voltage of the switching device so that the switching device operates in a full-on state. The clamp circuit clamps the gate voltage of the switching device to a clamp voltage lower than the gate voltage in the full-on state and higher than a mirror voltage. The temperature detection circuit detects a temperature of the switching device. The arithmetic device calculates a voltage corresponding to a variation in a mirror voltage based on the detected temperature and controls the clamp voltage in the clamp circuit so as to be the calculated voltage.
Load driving device and semiconductor switching device driving arrangement
The disclosure relates to a kind of load driving device, and described load driving device comprises the switching device for the supply of control load electric current.The disclosure also relates to a kind of semiconductor switching device driving arrangement.
Provided a kind of load driving device utilizing switching device to drive load, described switching device is such as igbt (IGBT) and power metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (power MOSFET).When conducting IGBT, if somewhere is short-circuited on the circuit of power supply leading to the load be coupled with IGBT, load driving device produces overcurrent, and because the temperature of IGBT raises suddenly, IGBT is breakdown.Therefore, it is very important for detecting short circuit.
In load driving device, reduce IGBT size to reduce IGBT cost, structurally decrease the capacity of short circuit of IGBT device.When being short-circuited fault, overcurrent may be applied continuously to IGBT, IGBT may be caused to puncture because temperature raises suddenly.Capacity of short circuit represent from apply overcurrent to the time punctured (or energy).When capacity of short circuit is low, puncture time shorten used.After short circuit being detected protective device configuration in, from detect be shorted to protective device may spended time, because low capacity of short circuit may be insufficient to the protection of device.
In order to solve the problem, when IGBT conducting, IGBT grid voltage is clamped to clamping voltage.Therefore, limit because short circuit place generation big current makes IGBT puncture.Due to IGBT mirror image (mirror) effect, clamping voltage needs higher than grid voltage (hereinafter referred to as mirror voltage), and therefore design IGBT must consider the maximum change in mirror voltage.Figure 23 A shows the sequential chart of normal operating IGBT operation.The sequential chart of IGBT operation when Figure 23 B shows short circuit operation.As shown in Figure 23 A, such as along with IGBT environment, great changes will take place for mirror voltage.Clamping voltage is arranged to the voltage larger than maximum mirror voltage.Judge if short-circuit detecting circuit performs short circuit and normal outcome detected, then discharge clamp and enable complete conducting state.As shown in fig. 23b, when short-circuit detecting circuit carries out short circuit judgement and short circuit detected, maintain clamp and after predetermined amount of time, perform soft disconnection.Therefore, the big current flowed due to short circuit can be limited.
Disclose the various method driving IGBT by changing grid voltage.Such as, JP-A-2009-71956 (corresponding to US 2009/0066402A1) describes a kind of two-stage voltage driven system changing grid voltage.JP-A-2009-11049 (corresponding to US 2009/0002054A1) describes a kind of constant current converting system changing constant-current drive circuit and Voltag driving circuit.
But, because consider the maximum changing value design clamping voltage in mirror voltage, so clamping voltage must be arranged to large value.For capacity of short circuit, this is disadvantageous, because have current flowing during short circuit.
JP-A-2008-29059 proposes a kind of drive circuit driving IGBT.Specifically, the drive circuit proposed in JP-A-2008-29059 comprises IGBT, and the control terminal (grid) of IGBT is with the first drive circuit for supplying the first electric current, for supplying the second drive circuit of the second electric current and being coupled for the voltage motors of detection control terminal place magnitude of voltage.
According to this drive circuit, if the voltage of control terminal is lower than threshold voltage, then the first drive circuit is only had to supply the first electric current to IGBT control terminal.If the voltage of control terminal reaches threshold voltage, except the first electric current, also supply the second electric current to control terminal.When activating IGBT, drive circuit reduces the change of electric current between collector and emitter and shortens time period of the mirror area of control terminal place voltage constant.
JP-A-2008-29059 also proposed a kind of configuration, wherein set temperature monitor and peripheral circuit components in same semiconductor module.By monitor temperature, the switching loss in using under high temperature can be limited.
But, in above-mentioned routine techniques, the variations in temperature in IGBT changes surge voltage, even if when temperature monitoring detected temperatures, also may there is surge voltage during switching manipulation.When variations in temperature, may overvoltage be there is and may IGBT be destroyed.
Generally be well known that, increase the drive current being applied to IGBT control terminal and increase the conducting switching rate of control terminal voltage and improve switching speed.JP-A-2001-169407 (corresponding to US2007/0002782) discloses, and in IGBT temperature with in can allowing between surge breakdown voltage relation, lower temperature region domain representation compares less the allowed surge breakdown voltage of high-temperature scope.
Little drive current can be pre-determined, to provide little conducting switching rate, when changing to prevent IGBT temperature, have surge voltage.But, the drive current reducing to be applied to control terminal reduces switching speed and increases switching loss.
Describe the drive circuit driven as the IGBT of semiconductor switching device.Apparently, IGBT is the example of device.Also the problems referred to above may be there are in other semiconductor switching device.
Object of the present disclosure be to provide a kind of can improve capacity of short circuit and can limitation loss increase load driving device.Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a kind of semiconductor switching device driving arrangement, and it can limit generation and the change of the surge voltage caused due to variations in temperature in semiconductor switching device, and can reduce switching loss.
Switching device, gate driver circuit, clamp circuit, temperature sensing circuit and arithmetic device is comprised according to the load driving device of disclosure first aspect.The on off state of the electric current supply of described switching device control load.Described gate driver circuit carrys out actuating switch device by the grid voltage of control switch device and to load for induced current, makes switching device be operated in switching device and is in complete conducting state in unsaturated region.Clamp circuit is by the grid voltage clamper of described switching device to clamping voltage, and described clamping voltage is lower than the grid voltage under complete conducting state and higher than mirror voltage.The temperature of temperature sensing circuit sense switch device.Described arithmetic device calculates the voltage corresponding with the change of described mirror voltage based on the temperature that temperature sensing circuit detects and controls the clamping voltage in described clamp circuit, makes the voltage that described clamping voltage equals calculated.
Load driving device according to first aspect can increase by limitation loss, improves capacity of short circuit simultaneously.
Switching device, gate driver circuit, clamp circuit, current detection circuit and arithmetic device is comprised according to the load driving device of disclosure second aspect.The on off state of the electric current supply of described switching device control load.Described gate driver circuit carrys out actuating switch device by the grid voltage of control switch device and to load for induced current, makes described switching device be operated in switching device and is in complete conducting state in unsaturated region.Described clamp circuit is by the grid voltage clamper of described switching device to clamping voltage, and described clamping voltage is lower than the grid voltage under complete conducting state and higher than mirror voltage.Described current detection circuit detects the output current supplied to described load from described switching device.Described arithmetic device calculates the voltage corresponding with the change of described mirror voltage based on the output current detected from described switching device supply and by current detection circuit, and the clamping voltage controlled in described clamp circuit, makes the voltage that described clamping voltage equals calculated.
Load driving device according to second aspect can increase by limitation loss, improves capacity of short circuit simultaneously.
Switching device, gate driver circuit, clamp circuit, mirror voltage testing circuit and arithmetic device is comprised according to the load driving device of the disclosure third aspect.The on off state of the electric current supply of described switching device control load.Described gate driver circuit carrys out actuating switch device by the grid voltage controlling described switching device and to described load for induced current, makes switching device be operated in switching device and is in complete conducting state in unsaturated region.Described clamp circuit is by the grid voltage clamper of described switching device to clamping voltage, and described clamping voltage is lower than the grid voltage under complete conducting state and higher than mirror voltage.Described mirror voltage testing circuit detects mirror voltage by detecting the grid voltage being applied to the switching device of described load.The mirror voltage that described arithmetic device detects based on described mirror voltage testing circuit calculates the voltage corresponding with the change of described mirror voltage, and controls the clamping voltage in described clamp circuit, makes the voltage that described clamping voltage equals calculated.
Can the increase of limitation loss according to the load driving device of the third aspect, improve capacity of short circuit simultaneously.
Switching device, gate driver circuit, clamp circuit, switch, constant-current source, voltage detecting circuit and arithmetic device is comprised according to the load driving device of disclosure fourth aspect.Described switching device comprises the first electrode and the second electrode, when control gate voltage, control the on off state of the electric current supply line leading to load, described first electrode coupling is to the mains side of described electric current supply line, and described second electrode coupling is to the datum mark side of described electric current supply line.Described gate driver circuit carrys out switching device described in conducting by the grid voltage controlling described switching device and to load for induced current, makes described switching device be operated in switching device and is in complete conducting state in unsaturated region.Described clamp circuit is by the grid voltage clamper of described switching device to clamping voltage, and described clamping voltage is lower than the grid voltage under complete conducting state and higher than mirror voltage.Described switch causes short circuit between the grid and collector electrode of described switching device.Described constant-current source produces constant current so that with switching device described in constant current driven.Described voltage detecting circuit utilizes described switch to cause short circuit between the grid and collector electrode of described switching device, switching device described in the constant current driven produced with described constant-current source, and detect the voltage between described grid and the second electrode of switching device.At least one during voltage study threshold voltage of the grid change between the grid that described arithmetic device detects based on described voltage detecting circuit and the second electrode and current amplification factor change, calculate based on learning outcome and change corresponding voltage with mirror voltage and control the clamping voltage in described clamp circuit, make the voltage that described clamping voltage equals calculated.
Load driving device according to fourth aspect can increase by limitation loss, improves capacity of short circuit simultaneously.
Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 5th aspect comprises semiconductor switching device, drive part, control section and temperature detection part.Described semiconductor switching device comprises control terminal.Described drive part is to the control terminal supply drive current of described semiconductor switching device.Configure described drive part, utilize the increase of drive current size to before shortening described semiconductor switching device conducting time in past.Described control section is by allowing or do not allow the on off state controlling described semiconductor switching device from described drive part to described control terminal supply drive current.Described temperature detection part detects one of the unit temp of described semiconductor switching device and the ambient temperature of described semiconductor switching device.One of unit temp and ambient temperature that described drive part detects according to described temperature detection part change the drive current size being supplied to described control terminal.
The generation of the surge voltage caused due to variations in temperature in described semiconductor switching device and change can be limited according to the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement of the 5th aspect and can switching loss be reduced.
When considering by reference to the accompanying drawings, from following detailed description, other object of the present disclosure and advantage will be more apparent.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of the load driving device according to the disclosure first embodiment;
Fig. 2 A shows the circuit diagram of gate driver circuit when gate driver circuit being configured to two-stage voltage driven system, and Fig. 2 B shows the circuit diagram of gate driver circuit when gate driver circuit is configured to constant-current system;
Fig. 3 shows the circuit diagram of the clamp circuit example according to the first embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the clamp circuit according to the disclosure second embodiment;
Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram of the load driving device according to the disclosure the 3rd embodiment;
Fig. 6 shows the circuit diagram of the load driving device according to the disclosure the 4th embodiment;
Fig. 7 shows the circuit diagram of the load driving device according to the disclosure the 5th embodiment;
Fig. 8 shows the circuit diagram of the load driving device according to the disclosure the 6th embodiment;
Fig. 9 shows the sequential chart operated according to the load driving device of the 6th embodiment;
Figure 10 shows the circuit diagram of the load driving device according to the disclosure the 7th embodiment;
Figure 11 shows the schematic diagram of the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 8th embodiment;
Figure 12 shows the schematic diagram of responsive to temperature diode as semiconductor switching device driving arrangement when temperature detection part;
Figure 13 shows the circuit diagram of the driving arrangement of semiconductor switching device shown in Fig. 1;
Figure 14 shows the curve chart according to relation between the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement temperature of the 8th embodiment and drive current;
Figure 15 shows the sequential chart operated according to the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement of the 8th embodiment;
Figure 16 shows the circuit diagram of the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 9th embodiment;
Figure 17 shows the circuit diagram of the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the tenth embodiment;
Figure 18 shows the circuit diagram of the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 11 embodiment;
Figure 19 shows the curve chart according to relation between the semiconductor switching device temperature of the 11 embodiment and drive current;
Figure 20 shows the circuit diagram of the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 12 embodiment;
Figure 21 shows the curve chart according to relation between the semiconductor switching device temperature of the 12 embodiment and drive current; And
Figure 22 shows the schematic diagram of the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 13 embodiment; And
Figure 23 A shows the sequential chart of the normal operating IGBT operation according to prior art, and Figure 23 B shows the sequential chart according to the IGBT operation in prior art short circuit operation.
With reference to accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present disclosure is described in more detail.In all of the figs, indicated more than the same or IF-AND-ONLY-IF element in an embodiment by identical Reference numeral or symbol.
With reference to such as Fig. 1, the load driving device according to the disclosure first embodiment is described.
Load driving device shown in Fig. 1 comprises and being coupled with load (not shown) as the IGBT 1 of switching device, gate driver circuit 2, clamp circuit 3, temperature sensing circuit 4 and arithmetic device 5.IGBT 1.Load driving device can be powered to the load by conducting IGBT.
Gate driver circuit 2 drives IGBT 1.The collector coupled of IGBT 1 is to power supply.The emitter of IGBT 1 is used as the reference point of predetermined potential.The collector electrode of load and IGBT 1 or emitter-coupled.Load can be on off state according to power supply and driven any equipment.Such as, when inverter comprises multiple IGBT 1, threephase motor can be used as load.In this case, the load driving device shown in Fig. 1 can be used as the upper arm for each phase of three-phase and underarm.If the load driving device shown in Fig. 1 is used as upper arm, by the collector coupled of IGBT 1 to power supply, by emitter-coupled to threephase motor.If the load driving device shown in Fig. 1 is used as underarm, by the collector coupled of IGBT1 to threephase motor, by emitter-coupled to ground.
The chip forming IGBT 1 comprises responsive to temperature diode (TSD) 1a as temperature detection part.Responsive to temperature diode 1a produces output signal according to the temperature of IGBT 1, can detect the temperature of IGBT 1 thus.Such as, responsive to temperature diode 1a comprises the diode of multiple series coupled.Electromotive force between generation responsive to temperature diode 1a and temperature detection resistance device (not shown) is as the output potential corresponding with IGBT 1 temperature.Output potential changes along with the temperature characterisitic of diode drop Vf.So, output potential can be used as the temperature that temperature information detects IGBT 1.
Gate driver circuit 2 conducting IGBT 1 is to control to power to the load.Specifically, gate driver circuit 2 receives IN signal from the control section of such as microcomputer (not shown), as the control signal driving IGBT 1.Gate driver circuit 2, based on IN signal controlling IGBT 1, controls to the electric current supply of load thus.Gate driver circuit 2 can be configured to any one in following system.One is two-stage voltage driven system, its larger voltage grid voltage being become clamping voltage and can realize complete conducting state.Another kind is constant-current system, uses constant-current drive circuit to keep to grid supply constant current.
Fig. 2 A shows the circuit diagram of the gate driver circuit 2 when gate driver circuit 2 being configured to two-stage voltage driven system.Gate driver circuit 2 comprises turning circuit and cut-off circuit.Turning circuit comprises switch 21a and the resistor 22a of series coupled.Cut-off circuit comprises switch 21b and the resistor 22b of series coupled.From the on off state of IN Signal-controlled switch 21a and 21b of microcomputer.In order to conducting IGBT 1, via the grid applying grid voltage VG of turning circuit to IGBT 1.In order to end IGBT 1, be coupling to ground via the grid of cut-off circuit by IGBT 1.
Fig. 2 B shows the circuit diagram of the gate driver circuit 2 when gate driver circuit 2 being configured to constant-current system.Gate driver circuit 2 comprises turning circuit and cut-off circuit.Turning circuit comprises constant-current source 23 and the resistor 24 of series coupled.Cut-off circuit comprises switch 25 and the resistor 26 of series coupled.In order to conducting IGBT 1, the constant-current source 23 of turning circuit produces constant current based on the IN signal from microcomputer.To the grid supply constant current of IGBT 1.In order to end IGBT1, be coupling to ground via the grid of cut-off circuit by IGBT 1.
Gate driver circuit 2 can be configured to two-stage voltage driven system or constant-current system.Fig. 2 B comprises the constant-current system configuration of switch 25 and resistor 26 exemplified with cut-off circuit.Be similar to turning circuit, cut-off circuit can be configured to the combination of constant-current source and resistor.
When IGBT 1 becomes conducting state from cut-off state, clamp circuit 3 temporarily by the grid voltage clamper of IGBT 1 to clamping voltage.Clamp circuit 3 according to the present embodiment can change clamping voltage according to the change of mirror voltage.Control voltage based on arithmetic device 5 controls to control clamp circuit 3 for clamper clamping voltage used.
Clamp circuit 3 shown in Fig. 3 only has electric current drop-down (sink) ability, and comprises operational amplifier 31, reference voltage circuit 32 and MOSFET 33.As shown in Figure 3, between the reversed input terminal of operational amplifier 31 grid that is coupling in IGBT 1 and the drain electrode of MOSFET.The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier 31 is coupled to reference voltage circuit 32.The lead-out terminal of operational amplifier 31 is coupled to the grid of MOSFET 33.
When the reference voltage V ref that the control voltage regulating and controlling by arithmetic device 5 produces from reference voltage circuit 32, regulate the output of the lead-out terminal of operational amplifier 31, make the grid voltage of IGBT 1 close to reference voltage V ref, and control the electric current from MOSFET 33 flowing.Specifically, when grid voltage is lower than reference voltage V ref, MOSFET 33 ends.When grid voltage reaches reference voltage V ref, MOSFET 33 starts based on the output signal work from operational amplifier 31.Regulate the output signal of operational amplifier 31, make grid voltage comply with reference voltage V ref.Therefore, the grid voltage of IGBT 1 can be clamped to the clamping voltage being equivalent to reference voltage V ref.
Temperature sensing circuit 4 is based on the temperature such as detecting IGBT 1 from the temperature information of responsive to temperature diode 1a or the output potential between said temperature sensitive diode 1a and temperature detection resistance device.Temperature sensing circuit 4 sends testing result to arithmetic device 5.
Arithmetic device 5 by calculate for regulate the clamping voltage of clamp circuit 3 and perform control voltage control control voltage regulate the clamping voltage corresponding with the testing result of temperature sensing circuit 4.Mirror voltage is along with the variations in temperature of IGBT 1.Can change from the Temperature estimate mirror voltage of IGBT 1.Change according to mirror voltage regulates clamping voltage.Specifically, mirror voltage is calculated based on following equation (1).
Vmirror＝Vth+√(lc/gm)..(1)
In equation (1), Vmirror represents mirror voltage, and Vth represents the threshold voltage of the grid of IGBT 1, and gm represents current amplification factor, and Ic represents the output current of IGBT 1.
In equation (1), threshold voltage of the grid Vth and current amplification factor gm is along with variations in temperature.Mirror voltage Vmirror is also along with the threshold voltage of the grid Vth and current amplification factor gm that depend on temperature change.Therefore, can based on the change of the Temperature estimate mirror voltage Vmirror of the IGBT 1 detected.Execution control voltage controls, thus according to the change calculations clamping voltage of mirror voltage Vmirror.Clamping voltage can be reduced to the value corresponding with the mirror voltage Vmirror under institute detected temperatures.
Above-mentioned configuration provides the load driving device according to the present embodiment with short-circuit protection function.
Clamping voltage when at every turn driving IGBT 1 is calculated according to the load driving device of the present embodiment.Temperature sensing circuit 4 detects the temperature of IGBT 1 based on temperature information.Based on the temperature detected, arithmetic device 5 calculates the clamping voltage corresponding with the change of mirror voltage Vmirror.Execution control voltage controls, to guarantee the clamping voltage that arithmetic device 5 calculates.Therefore, the clamping voltage that clamp circuit 3 regulates can be controlled in the low-voltage corresponding with the change of mirror voltage Vmirror.
The temperature of detection IGBT 1 described above.Then, based on the temperature detected, according to the change calculations clamping voltage of mirror voltage Vmirror.Therefore, clamping voltage can be reduced to the value corresponding with the mirror voltage Vmirror under institute detected temperatures.The maximum change of mirror voltage Vmirror can be considered, that is, consider the maximum design clamping voltage comprising all environmental changes.Therefore, can capacity of short circuit be improved, during clamper, increase loss with limit IGBT 1.
IGBT 1 is actual is provided with sensing terminals, not shown in Fig. 1.Electric current flows through the master unit of IGBT 1 through sensing terminals, and reduces with set rate to produce current sensor.Based on current sensor, arithmetic device 5 detects and disconnects or overcurrent condition.Off-state forbids current flowing.Overcurrent condition allows excess current flowing.In addition, arithmetic device 5 detects the superheat state of IGBT 1 based on the temperature information from temperature sensing circuit 4.At high temperature heat IGBT 1 in overheat conditions.If disconnection, overcurrent or superheat state do not detected, arithmetic device 5 exports in the scheduled time and removes clamp signal and allow clamp circuit 3 to remove the clamper of IGBT 1 grid.The grid voltage of IGBT 1 increases to complete conducting state always.IGBT 1 is operated in complete undersaturated condition to supply induced current to load.
Load driving device according to the disclosure second embodiment will be described.The present embodiment have modified the configuration of the clamp circuit 3 according to the first embodiment.The feature of the load driving device according to the first embodiment is similar to according to the further feature of the load driving device of the present embodiment.So, the difference with the first embodiment will only be described.
As shown in Figure 4, the clamp circuit 3 according to the present embodiment only has electric current pull-down capability, comprise the diode 34 along forward coupling, the Zener diode 35 along reverse coupled and respectively with the switch 36 and 37 of diode 34 and Zener diode 35 parallel coupled.
The control voltage of arithmetic device 5 controls to be turned on or off switch 36 and 37 can regulate clamping voltage by the combination of the Zener breakdown voltage of the forward voltage Vf of diode 34 and Zener diode 35.Such as, cut-off switch 36 actuating switch 37 make it possible to regulate clamping voltage by the forward voltage Vf of diode 34.Actuating switch 36 also cut-off switch 37 makes it possible to regulate clamping voltage by the Zener breakdown voltage of Zener diode 35.Cut-off switch 36 and switch 37 make it possible to regulate clamping voltage by the forward voltage Vf of diode 34 and the Zener breakdown voltage sum of Zener diode 35.Diode 34 and Zener diode 35 are for carrying out clamper when arriving the Zener voltage of the forward voltage Vf of diode 34 and Zener diode 35 according to the selection of switch 36 and 37 to grid voltage.In order to forbid clamp, cut-off switch 36 and 37, and clamping voltage is increased to higher than real work voltage, make no longer to work.
Fig. 4 shows a diode 34 and a Zener diode 35.In addition, can be coupled multiple diode 34 and multiple Zener diode 35.The forward voltage Vf sum of diode 34 or the Zener breakdown voltage sum of Zener diode 35 can be utilized to regulate clamping voltage.
Diode 34, Zener diode 35 and switch 36 and 37 can configure clamp circuit 3 in this way.The clamp circuit 3 with above-mentioned configuration can provide the effect being similar to the first embodiment.
Load driving device according to the disclosure the 3rd embodiment will be described.The present embodiment have modified the temperature detection technology according to the first embodiment.The feature of the load driving device according to the first embodiment is similar to according to the further feature of the load driving device of the present embodiment.So, the difference with the first embodiment will only be described.
As shown in Figure 5, provide cooler 6 for the heat radiation of the switching device of such as IGBT 1 and from IGBT1 release heat, to prevent IGBT 1 overheated.Cooler 6 comprises temperature sensor 6a.Detection signal from temperature sensor 6a can be used as the temperature information of temperature sensing circuit 4 to detect the temperature of IGBT 1.For cooler 6 provides temperature sensor 6a, can the temperature of indirect detection IGBT 1.Cooler 6 can be provided as water-cooling type or air cooled type.For water-cooling type, temperature sensor 6a can detect water temperature.For air cooled type, temperature sensor 6a can detect air themperature.That is temperature sensor 6a can detect the temperature for the coolant cooled.
Load driving device according to the disclosure the 4th embodiment will be described.The output current from IGBT 1 is detected according to the load driving device of the present embodiment, calculate the change of mirror voltage Vmirror instead of the temperature detection according to the first embodiment thus, be similar to the feature of the load driving device according to the first embodiment according to the further feature of the load driving device of the present embodiment.So, the difference with the first embodiment will only be described.
As shown in Figure 6, IGBT 1 comprises master unit and sensing cell.In master unit, output current is had to flow, for powering to the load.In sensing cell, have sensing current flowing, current sensor is that the output current flowing through master unit from reducing output current with set rate produces.As shown in Figure 6, provide current detection circuit 7 to detect electric current based on the current sensor flowed from sensing terminals.Specifically, for current detection circuit 7 supplies current information, that is the electromotive force between sensing terminals and the sense resistor 8 being coupled to sensing terminals, detects the output current flowing through the master unit of IGBT 1 thus.
As represented in equation (1), mirror voltage Vmirror depends on the temperature of output current from IGBT 1 and IGBT 1.Detect and can determine change corresponding clamping voltage with the mirror voltage Vmirror for output current and keep low clamping voltage from the output of IGBT 1.Therefore, the output detected from IGBT 1 can also provide the effect according to the first embodiment.
Load driving device according to the disclosure the 5th embodiment will be described.As described in the 4th embodiment, the change of the output current calculating mirror voltage Vmirror detected from IGBT 1 is also passed through according to the load driving device of the present embodiment.
As shown in Figure 7, provide current detecting part 9 with generation current information, that is, the output corresponding with the output current from IGBT1.For current detection circuit 7 supplies output from current detecting part 9 as temperature information.Therefore, current detection circuit 7 detects the output current flowing through the master unit of IGBT 1.Such as, hall device can be used as current detecting part 9.Output current flows through and is coupled to the emitter of IGBT 1 or the electric current supply line of collector electrode and produces magnetic field.Hall device converts the magnetic field of generation to the signal of telecommunication and exports the signal of telecommunication.
Current detecting part 9 can direct-detection from the output current of IGBT 1.As the 4th embodiment, the 5th embodiment can provide the effect described in the first embodiment.
Load driving device according to the disclosure the 6th embodiment will be described.Detect mirror voltage Vmirror according to the load driving device of the present embodiment, calculate thus mirror voltage Vmirror change instead of according to the temperature detection of the first embodiment or detect the output current from IGBT 1 according to the 4th embodiment.The feature of the load driving device according to the first embodiment is similar to according to the further feature of the load driving device of the present embodiment.So, the difference with the first embodiment will only be described.
As shown in Figure 8, provide mirror voltage test section 10 to detect the grid voltage of IGBT 1.Mirror voltage test section 10 direct-detection grid voltage is as mirror voltage.Such as, mirror voltage test section 10 detects the grid voltage of IGBT 1 all the time.Mirror voltage test section 10 notifies the value that arithmetic device 5 is corresponding with grid voltage, and arithmetic device 5 preserves this value.Arithmetic device 5 preserves the value of mirror voltage Vmirror, and this value comes into force during the period Tx shown in Fig. 9.Arithmetic device 5 calculates the clamping voltage corresponding with mirror voltage Vmirror.Control voltage controls finally to regulate clamping voltage.
Can direct-detection mirror voltage Vmirror in the above described manner.Therefore, the effect described in the first embodiment can also be provided according to the load driving device of the present embodiment.
In addition, mirror voltage Vmirror can be detected as follows.
Mirror voltage comes into force within the mirror image cycle.Under normal circumstances, the mirror image cycle is short, to reduce switching loss.Grid voltage can be detected at that time to start the mirror image period after the scheduled time in the past after IN signal.Grid voltage can be detected as mirror voltage Vmirror.Grid voltage can raise according to the grid capacity of IGBT 1 based on intended flow.Can suppose to come into force from Vmirror after grid voltage exceedes the threshold value in the past scheduled time.Grid voltage can be detected at that time and mirror voltage Vmirror can be assumed to be.
Load driving device according to the disclosure the 7th embodiment will be described.Detect according to the load driving device of the first to the six embodiment the mirror voltage Vmirror that the environmental change due to IGBT 1 causes to change.On the other hand, learn at the beginning when starting for the threshold voltage of the grid Vth of IGBT1 according to the load driving device of the present embodiment, and study changes the threshold voltage of the grid Vth caused changes the mirror voltage Vmirror caused change because IGBT 1 manufactures.
As shown in Figure 10, load driving device comprises constant-current source 11, switch 12 and voltage detecting circuit 13.Constant-current source 11 is to the grid of IGBT 1 and collector electrode supply constant current.Switch 12 is turned on or off and is supplied to the constant current of collector electrode.Voltage detecting circuit 13 detects threshold voltage of the grid Vth.In order to initially learn according to this configuration, initial learn signal actuating switch 12 is to make short circuit between grid and collector electrode.In addition, initial learn signal allows constant-current source 11 to produce constant current.As a result, constant current can drive IGBT 1.Can detect the threshold voltage of the grid Vth for IGBT 1, simultaneously voltage detecting circuit 13 detects the voltage between voltage between grid and emitter or collector and emitter.
Supply initial learn signal to arithmetic device 5, notify initial condition for study to arithmetic device 5.Arithmetic device 5 finds the difference of the threshold voltage of the grid Vth detected in threshold voltage of the grid Vth and voltage detecting circuit 13 and learns (storage) this difference.Arithmetic device 5 uses the change of threshold voltage of the grid Vth to calculate mirror voltage Vmirror based on above-mentioned equation (1).Arithmetic device 5 calculates the clamping voltage corresponding with the mirror voltage Vmirror calculated.The threshold voltage of the grid Vth change of arithmetic device 5 may be equivalent to controlled quentity controlled variable that the change of mirror voltage Vmirror or clamping voltage or control voltage control (on off state for the switch 36 and 17 shown in the reference voltage V ref of reference voltage circuit 32 shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4).When driving IGBT 1 to supply induced current to load, arithmetic device 5 is based on learning outcome determination clamping voltage.
Arithmetic device 5 can learn threshold voltage of the grid Vth at the beginning and can based on learning outcome determination clamping voltage.Therefore, the effect being similar to the first embodiment is provided according to the load driving device of the present embodiment.If arithmetic device 5 changes constant current value when initial study, measure the voltage at that time between grid and emitter and threshold voltage of the grid Vth, and calculating current amplification coefficient gm, similar effect also has.
Suppose to perform initial study before driving IGBT 1.Except this situation, arithmetic device 5 can when to semiconductor device modularization, that is, disposable study threshold voltage of the grid Vth in the semiconductor device fabrication stage, and can store in memory etc. and learn a little result.
Above-mentioned the first to the seven embodiment uses IGBT 1 as the example of switching device.Switching device can also comprise semiconductor switching device, such as power MOSFET and IGBT 1.In this case, only need to detect the voltage between grid and source electrode according to the study of the 7th embodiment.In other words, first electrode (collector electrode or drain electrode) of switching device is coupled to the mains side of the electric current supply line towards load, and second electrode (emitter or source electrode) of switching device is coupled to datum mark side.Switching device controls the on off state of electric current supply line by control gate voltage.Can be learnt by the voltage detected between grid and the second electrode.
There is provided gate driver circuit 2 and clamp circuit 3 as circuit example.If Circnit Layout ensure that similar operations, also other Circnit Layout can be had.According in the load driving device of the 7th embodiment, constant-current source 11 is arranged at the collector electrode side of IGBT 1.Constant-current source 11 also can be arranged at emitter side.
Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 8th embodiment will be described.The semiconductor switching device of constant current driven such as IGBT and power MOSFET is used according to the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement of the present embodiment.
As shown in figure 11, this semiconductor switching device driving arrangement comprises semiconductor switching device 110, temperature detection part 120, signal generation divide 130 and drive part 140.
Semiconductor switching device 110 drives load (not shown).In the present embodiment, adopt N channel-type IGBT 1 as semiconductor switching device 110.Semiconductor switching device 110 comprises control terminal 111 as grid.Control terminal 111 is coupled to drive part 140.Load (not shown) is coupled to source side or the drain side of semiconductor switching device 110.Apply drive current i to control terminal 111, drive semiconductor switching device 110 thus.
Temperature detection part 120 detects the unit temp of semiconductor switching device 110 or the ambient temperature of semiconductor switching device 110.As shown in figure 12, in the present embodiment, the temperature-sensitive device (TSD) adopting semiconductor switching device 110 to comprise is as temperature detection part 120.Temperature-sensitive device can be provided, the working temperature of its checkout gear for the power device of such as IGBT.Temperature-sensitive device comprises the diode be such as formed on IGBT insulating barrier.When temperature detection part 120 comprises temperature-sensitive device, when the working temperature of IGBT 1 comprises, the output (forward voltage) of diode reduces.
The voltage that temperature detection part 120 divides 130 outputs corresponding with temperature to signal generation is as testing result (temperature information Va).In the present embodiment, when the temperature of semiconductor switching device 110 raises, the value of temperature information Va also increases.
Signal generation divides 130 to receive testing result from temperature detection part 120.Based on testing result, signal generation divides 130 generations and output current control signal, and current controling signal changes the drive current being applied to the control terminal 111 of semiconductor switching device 110.
Drive part 140 generation is applied to the drive current i of the control terminal 111 of semiconductor switching device 110 and applies drive current i to drive semiconductor switching device 110 to control terminal 111.The ability of drive part 140 or switching speed depend on drive current i.ON time was needed before semiconductor switching device 110 conducting.Increase drive current and shorten ON time.Shorten ON time and improve switching speed.
Describe the summary of semiconductor switching device driving arrangement.Hereinafter with reference Figure 13 describes the physical circuit configuration of semiconductor switching device driving arrangement.
As shown in figure 12, temperature detection part 120 is configured to temperature-sensitive device and is included in semiconductor switching device 110.
Signal generation divides 130 to comprise comparator 131a, reference voltage source 131b and AND circuit 131c.Comparator 131a compares from the testing result (temperature information Va) of temperature detection part 120 with for detecting the temperature threshold arranged, and is exported as comparison signal S by comparative result.Reference voltage source 131b produces the reference voltage being used as temperature threshold.For the voltage that non-inverting input terminal (+) supply of comparator 131a is corresponding with the temperature from temperature detection part 120.For reversed input terminal (-) the supply reference voltage of comparator 131a is as temperature threshold.If Va exceedes temperature threshold, comparator 131a exports high level comparison signal.If Va is less than temperature threshold, comparator 131a output low level comparison signal.
If drive singal and comparison signal are all high, AND circuit 131c exports high level of current control signal.If one of drive singal and comparison signal are low, AND circuit 131c output low level current controling signal.
Drive part 140 comprises variable constant current circuit 141, first change over switch 142a and the second change over switch 142b.Variable constant current circuit 141 comprises the first resistor 143 (R1 in Figure 13), the second resistor 144 (R2 in Figure 13), operational amplifier 145, switching device 146 and constant-current source 147.
First resistor 143 is for sensing and being supplied with the electric current corresponding with the drive current i of the control terminal 111 flowing to semiconductor switching device 110.The coupled one end of the first resistor 143 is to power supply 160 (VB in Figure 13), and the other end of the first resistor 143 is coupled to switching device 146.The coupled one end of the second resistor 144 is to power supply 160, and the other end of the second resistor 144 is coupled to constant-current source 147.
Operational amplifier 145 to the electric current of the first resistor 143, regulates the size being supplied to the drive current i of semiconductor switching device 110 control terminal 111 based on the Voltage Feedback control flow check at the second resistor 144 other end place thus.
The non-inverting input terminal (+) of operational amplifier 145 is coupled to the tie point between the other end of the second resistor 144 and constant-current source 147.As a result, be the first voltage that the non-inverting input terminal supply of operational amplifier 145 is corresponding with the other end of the second resistor 144.When VB represents the voltage of power supply 160, Ia represents the electric current flowing to the second resistor 144, and R2 represents the resistance value of the second resistor 144, and the first voltage corresponds to and deducts from supply voltage the voltage (VB-Ia × R2) that reference voltage obtains.
The reversed input terminal (-) of operational amplifier 145 is coupled to the other end of the first resistor 143.As a result, be the second voltage that the reversed input terminal supply of operational amplifier 145 is corresponding with the other end of the first resistor 143.When i represents the electric current flowing to the first resistor 143, R1 represents the resistance value of the first resistor 143, the voltage (VB-i × R1) that the second voltage obtains corresponding to the voltage drop deducting the first resistor 143 from supply voltage.
Switching device 146 is the semiconductor devices driven by the output of operational amplifier 145.In the present embodiment, adopt P channel-type MOSFET as switching device 146.The grid of switching device 146 is coupled to the lead-out terminal of operational amplifier 145, and the source-coupled of switching device 146 is to the other end of the first resistor 143.The drain coupled of switching device 146 is to the control terminal 111 of semiconductor switching device 110.
Constant-current source 147 can change the reference current 1a flowing to the second resistor 144 amount and between the other end being coupling in the second resistor 144 and ground.Constant-current source 147 comprises the first constant-current source 148, second constant-current source 149a and switch 149b.
Second constant-current source 149a is coupled to the other end of the second resistor 144 via switch 149.First constant-current source 148 is directly coupled to the other end of the second resistor 144.Switch 149b is turned on or off according to dividing the current controling signal of 130 supplies from signal generation.In the present embodiment, high level of current control signal actuating switch 149b, low level current control signal cut-off switch 149b.
First constant-current source 148 and the second constant-current source 149a can have identical or not identical current capacity.Current capacity can be provided for constant-current source 148 and 149a, to the size of current that the second resistor 144 is supplied when this design assigned switch 149b is turned on or off according to design.
When current controling signal actuating switch 149b, the electric current of first current value that flows in the second resistor 144.First current value flows to the electric current of the second constant-current source 149a and flows to the electric current sum of the first constant-current source 148.On the other hand, when current controling signal cut-off switch 149b, the electric current of the second constant-current source 149a is flowed to from decoupling between power supply 160 and ground.So, the current flowing of only oriented first constant-current source 148 supply in the second resistor 144.The second current value is distributed to the electric current flowing to the first constant-current source 148.When cut-off switch 149b, the electric current of the second current value is less than the first current value of flowing in the second resistor 144.In other words, if show from the testing result of temperature detection part 120 high temperature exceeding temperature threshold, constant-current source 147 supplies the electric current of the first current value.On the other hand, if show the temperature lower than temperature threshold from the testing result of temperature detection part 120, constant-current source 147 supply is less than the second current value of the first current value.Describe the configuration of variable constant current circuit 141.
First change over switch 142a and the second change over switch 142b is by allowing according to drive singal or not allowing drive part 140 to supply the drive current I on off state controlling semiconductor switching device 110 to control terminal 111.In the present embodiment, " permission " is corresponding to disconnection first change over switch 142a and the second change over switch 142b." do not allow " corresponding to conducting first change over switch 142a and the second change over switch 142b.
First change over switch 142a is coupling between the lead-out terminal of power supply 160 and operational amplifier 145.In the present embodiment, adopt P channel-type MOSFET as the first change over switch 142a.The source-coupled of the first change over switch 142a is to power supply 160, and the drain coupled of the first change over switch 142a is to the lead-out terminal of operational amplifier 145.
Second change over switch 142b is coupling between control terminal 111 and ground.In the present embodiment, adopt N channel-type MOSFET as the second change over switch 142b.The source-coupled of the second change over switch 142b is to the drain coupled of control terminal 111, the second change over switch 142b of semiconductor switching device 110 to ground.
Inverter 142c is coupled to the grid of the second change over switch 142b.Drive singal is input to the second change over switch 142b via inverter 142c.Drive singal is directly inputted to the first change over switch 142a.The signal being input to one of switch 142a and 142b reverses when being input to other switch.Figure 11 and Figure 12 illustrate only the second change over switch 142b.
In the present embodiment, such as, from external ECU input drive signal.In the present embodiment, high level drive singal conducting semiconductor switching device 110.
With reference to Figure 14 and Figure 15, the operation of the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement shown in Figure 11 to Figure 13 is hereafter described.In the following description, call unit temp or ambient temperature that temperature detection part 120 detects, in brief, i.e. the temperature of semiconductor switching device 110.
In above-mentioned configuration, drive part 140 is applied to the size of the drive current i of control terminal 111 according to the temperature change of semiconductor switching device 110, simultaneous temperature test section 120 detected temperatures.Specifically, the temperature of lifting thereof switching device 110 increases drive current i.Reason is as follows.Easily surge occurs at low temperatures, drive current i reduces with the generation and the change that suppress surge.At high temperature hardly surge occurs, drive current i increases, to improve switching speed.
In fig. 14, " T1 " represents said temperature threshold value.If the temperature of semiconductor switching device 110 exceedes temperature threshold T1, progressively increase drive current i.If temperature is less than or equal to temperature threshold T1, the size of drive current i corresponds to the second current value of constant-current source 147.If temperature is greater than or equal to temperature threshold T1, the size of drive current i corresponds to the first current value of constant-current source 147.
Sequential chart shown in Figure 15 will be described.At time point X10, the drive singal of drive part 140 is supplied to become high level from low level, to disconnect the first change over switch 142a and the second change over switch 142b.Operational amplifier 145 driving switch device 146.Drive current i flows to the control terminal 111 of semiconductor switching device 110.
Variable constant current circuit 141 FEEDBACK CONTROL flows to the size of current of the first resistor 143, makes the first voltage of the other end corresponding to the first resistor 143 equal the second voltage of the other end corresponding to the second resistor 144.
The input terminal place of the operational amplifier 145 in variable constant current circuit 141 maintains identical electromotive force.Specifically, operational amplifier 145 control switch device 146, makes first voltage (VB-i × R1) of the other end corresponding to the first resistor 143 equal second voltage (VB-Ia × R2) of the other end corresponding to the second resistor 144.The drive current i flowing to the first resistor 143 is expressed as i=(Ia × R2)/R1.Applying flows to the constant drive current i of reference current Ia as the control terminal 111 towards semiconductor switching device 110 of the first resistor 143.In other words, owing to being expressed as i=(Ia × R2)/R1, flow to control terminal 111 in the first resistor 143 with the electric current be in proportion of the reference current Ia flowing to the second resistor 144.
In other words, operational amplifier 145 compares the drive current i and reference current Ia that are applied to control terminal 111.Operational amplifier 145 changes by changing the output corresponding with reference current Ia the drive current i being applied to control terminal 111, and reference current Ia changes along with current controling signal.
At time point X10, temperature information Va is lower than temperature threshold T1.Signal generation divides the comparator 131a output low level comparison signal S of 130.AND circuit 131c is output low level current controling signal also.Disconnect the switch 149b of constant-current source 147.Therefore, the second resistor 144 only allows the electric current of the second current value being less than the first current value.This electric current flows to the first constant-current source 148 as reference current Ia.
At time point X11, temperature information Va exceedes temperature threshold T1.Signal generation divides the comparator 131a of 130 to export high level comparison signal S.AND circuit 131c also exports high level of current control signal.The switch 149b of conducting constant-current source 147.Therefore, the electric current of the first current value flows into the second resistor 144 as reference current Ia, and reference current Ia is corresponding to flowing to the electric current of the second constant-current source 149a and flowing to the electric current sum of the first constant-current source 148.In the first resistor 143, flow the electric current proportional with the first current value.As a result, drive current i increases at time point X11, as shown in Figure 15.In this way, drive part 140 changes based on the comparative result from comparator 131a the drive current being applied to control terminal 111.Drive current i can at high temperature increase, and causes surge hardly.Semiconductor switching device 110 can improve switching rate, improves switching speed thus.
At follow-up time point X12, the drive singal being input to drive part 140 becomes low level from high level.Disconnect the instruction conducting first change over switch 142a of semiconductor switching device 110 and the second change over switch 142b and cut-off switch device 146.Via the electric charge that the second change over switch 142b stores in ground release control terminal 111.The grid voltage at control terminal 111 place becomes lower than threshold voltage and disconnects semiconductor switching device 110.
As mentioned above, if the temperature of semiconductor switching device 110 uprises within the time that semiconductor switching device 110 keeps conducting, then drive current i increases.Although not shown in sequential, if temperature information Va becomes lower than temperature threshold T1, reference current 1a reduces, and drive current i also progressively reduces.
As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, the drive current i of control terminal 111 is applied to according to the variations in temperature of semiconductor switching device 110.Drive current can be reduced to reduce the switching rate under low temperature, more may cause surge at low temperatures.So, the surge voltage generation because the variations in temperature in semiconductor switching device 110 causes and change can be limited.On the other hand, drive current can be increased to improve the switching rate under high temperature, at high temperature comparatively can not cause surge.Therefore, the switching speed of semiconductor switching device 110 increases.As a result, switching loss can be reduced.So, the surge voltage generation because the variations in temperature in semiconductor switching device 110 causes can be limited and change and can switching loss be reduced.
In the present embodiment, comparator 131a can be used as temperature rating unit, constant-current source 147 can be used as current source, and operational amplifier 145 can be used as electric current rating unit, and the first change over switch 142a, the second change over switch 142b and inverter 142c can be used as control section.
Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 9th embodiment will be described.Regulate the resistance value of the second resistor 144 according to the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement of the present embodiment, regulate the amount being applied to the drive current i of the control terminal 111 of semiconductor switching device 110 thus.
As shown in figure 16, for variable constant current circuit 141 provides the second resistor 144, second resistor 144 to comprise resistor 144a (R21 in Figure 16) coupled in series with one another and resistor 144b (R22 in Figure 16).The coupled one end of resistor 144b is to power supply 160, and the other end of resistor 144b is coupled to one end of resistor 144a.The other end of resistor 144a is coupled to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of operational amplifier 145.
The resistor 144b of the second resistor 144 and switch 149b parallel coupled, to be turned on or off switch 149b according to dividing the current controling signal of 130 outputs from signal generation.When actuating switch 149b, the resistance value of the second resistor 144 becomes the resistance value of resistor 144a.When cut-off switch 149b, the resistance value of the second resistor 144 becomes the resistance value sum of resistor 144a and 144b.
Signal generation divides the configuration of 130 to be similar to signal generation described in the 8th embodiment and divides the configuration of 130.But, in the present embodiment, low level current control signal actuating switch 149b, high level of current control signal cut-off switch 149b.
Drive part 140 comprises the constant-current source 147 supplying predetermined reference current Ia.The drive current i and reference current Ia that are applied to control terminal 111 or the difference exported between these electric currents is compared according to the operational amplifier 145 of the present embodiment.The resistance value of the second resistor 144 changes according to current controling signal, and to change the output of operational amplifier 145, the drive current being applied to control terminal 111 correspondingly changes.That is, for operational amplifier 145 supply first voltage corresponding with the other end of the first resistor 143 and with the other end of the second resistor 144 or the second voltage corresponding to the other end of resistor 144a.In addition, operational amplifier 145 driving switch device 146, makes the first voltage equal the second voltage.
If signal generation divides 130 judgement temperature information Va lower than temperature threshold T1, low level current control signal actuating switch 149b.As a result, reference current Ia only flows to resistor 144a.When resistor 144a has resistance value R21, as mentioned above, the drive current i flowing to the first resistor 143 is expressed as i=(Ia × R21)/R1.In the first resistor 143a, flow the electric current proportional with the resistance value R21 of resistor 144a.
On the other hand, if signal generation divides 130 judgement temperature information Va to exceed temperature threshold T1, high level of current control signal cut-off switch 149b.As a result, reference current Ia flows to resistor 144a and 144b.When resistor 144b has resistance value R22, as mentioned above, the drive current i flowing to the first resistor 143 is expressed as i=(Ia × (R21+R22))/R1.In the first resistor 143, flow and the resistance value R21 of resistor 144a and the proportional electric current of the resistance value R22 sum of resistor 144b.
According to current controling signal, that is when cut-off switch 149b, drive part 140 increases the resistance value of the second resistor 144 that reference current Ia flows to.Therefore, drive part 140 changes the output of operational amplifier 145 and can increase the drive current i being applied to control terminal 111.
As mentioned above, regulate the resistance value of the second resistor 144 to increase or reduce to be applied to the drive current i of control terminal 111 of semiconductor switching device 110.
In the present embodiment, the second resistor 144 can be used as variable resistance, and operational amplifier 145 can be used as output.
Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the tenth embodiment will be described.The resistance value of the first resistor 143 is changed to change drive current i according to the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement of the present embodiment.
As shown in figure 17, for variable constant current circuit 141 provides the first resistor 143, first resistor 143 to comprise resistor 143a (R11 in Figure 17) coupled in series with one another and resistor 143b (R12 in Figure 17).The coupled one end of resistor 143b is to power supply 160, and the other end of resistor 143b is coupled to one end of resistor 143a.The other end of resistor 143a is coupled to switching device 146.
In the first resistor 143, resistor 143b and switch 149b parallel coupled, to be turned on or off switch 149b according to dividing the current controling signal of 130 outputs from signal generation.When actuating switch 149b, the resistance value of the first resistor 143 becomes the resistance value of resistor 143a.When cut-off switch 149b, the resistance value of the first resistor 143 becomes the resistance value sum of resistor 143a and 143b.In the present embodiment, low level current control signal actuating switch 149b, high level of current control signal cut-off switch 149b.
Signal generation divides the configuration of 130 to be similar to signal generation described in the 8th embodiment and divides the configuration of 130.Be similar to the 9th embodiment, drive part 140 comprises the constant-current source 147 supplying predetermined reference current Ia.
In an embodiment, if signal generation divides 130 judgement temperature information Va lower than temperature threshold T1, then low level current control signal cut-off switch 149b.As a result, described resistor 143a and resistor 143b both configures the first resistor 143.When resistor 143a has resistance value R11 and resistor 143b has resistance value 12, the drive current i flowing to the first resistor 143 is expressed as i=(Ia × (R2))/(R11+R12)).In the first resistor 143, flow the drive current i be inversely proportional to the resistance value R11 of resistor 143a and the resistance value R12 sum of resistor 144b.Drive current i is little, because denominator is very large.
On the other hand, if signal generation divides 130 judgement temperature information Va to exceed temperature threshold T1, then high level of current control signal actuating switch 149b.As a result, only resistor 143a configures the first resistor 143.The drive current i flowing to the first resistor 143 is expressed as i=(Ia × R2)/R1.In the first resistor 143, flow the electric current proportional with the resistance value R11 of resistor 143a.Drive current i is large, because denominator is very little.
As mentioned above, drive part 140 can change the size of the drive current i being applied to control terminal 111 by the resistance value changing the first resistor 143 according to current controling signal.
In the present embodiment, the first resistor 143 can be used as variable resistance.
(the 11 embodiment)
Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 11 embodiment will be described.Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the present embodiment changes drive current i in stepwise fashion based on multiple temperature threshold.
As shown in Figure 18, signal generation divides 130 to comprise three comparator 131a to 133a, reference voltage source 131b to 133b and AND circuit 131c to the 133c corresponding with comparator 131a to 133a.For reference voltage source 131b provides reference voltage as temperature threshold T1.For reference voltage source 132b provides reference voltage as temperature threshold T2.For reference voltage source 133b provides reference voltage as temperature threshold T3.In the present embodiment, temperature threshold T1-T3 meets relation T1 < T2 < T3.Each output current control signal of AND circuit 131c to 133c.
Constant-current source 147 in drive part 140 comprises the second to the four constant-current source 149a to the 151a corresponding with AND circuit 131c to 133c.Switch 149b to 151b is coupled to constant-current source 149a to 151a.Constant-current source 149a to 151a can be with or without identical current capacity.
Figure 19 shows the relation between the temperature of semiconductor switching device and drive current i.If temperature information Va is lower than temperature threshold T1, all switch 149b to 151b disconnect.Only the electric current from the second constant-current source 149a is used as reference current Ia.Therefore, to flow drive current i based on i=(Ia × R2)/R1.
If temperature information Va exceedes temperature threshold T1, the output from comparator 131a and AND circuit 131c uprises.High level of current control signal actuating switch 149b.As a result, from the electric current of the second constant-current source 149a with become reference current Ia from the electric current sum of the first constant-current source 148.Reference current Ia is increased the electric current from the first constant-current source 148.So drive current i also increases pro rata with reference current Ia.
If temperature information Va exceedes temperature threshold T2, the output from comparator 131a and 132a and AND circuit 131c and 132c uprises.High level of current control signal actuating switch 149b and 150b.As a result, from the electric current of the first constant-current source 148, from the electric current of the second constant-current source 149a with become reference current Ia from the electric current sum of the 3rd constant-current source 150a.Reference current Ia is increased from the first constant-current source 148 and the electric current from the 3rd constant-current source 150a.Drive current i also increases pro rata with reference current Ia.
If temperature information Va exceedes temperature threshold T3, all outputs from comparator 131a to 133a and AND circuit 131c and 133c uprise.High level of current control signal actuating switch 149b to 151b.As a result, the electric current sum from all constant-current sources 148 and 149a to 151a becomes reference current Ia.Drive current i also increases pro rata with reference current Ia.
When exceeding temperature threshold successively about the temperature of semiconductor switching device 110 or temperature information Va, reference current Ia increases the electric current from constant-current source 149a to 151a successively.So, as shown in figure 19, progressively increase drive current i.Similarly, when the temperature of semiconductor switching device 110 reduces, temperature information Va reduces according to the order of T3, T3 and T1, and drive current i also progressively reduces.
As mentioned above, multiple temperature thresholds of temperature information Va can be defined progressively to change drive current I.Describe the configuration of the magnitude of current changing constant-current source 147.In addition, can for temperature information Va defines multiple temperature threshold in the configuration of the change resistance value described in the 9th and the tenth embodiment.In this case, resistance value is progressively changed progressively to change drive current i.In this case, utilize multiple resistor in series to be coupled the first resistor 143 and the second resistor 144, be turned on or off switch successively that be coupled with capacitor in parallel.
(the 12 embodiment)
Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 12 embodiment will be described.Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the present embodiment continuously changes drive current i.
As shown in figure 20,130 are divided to comprise transistor 134, resistor 135 and differential amplifier 136 according to the signal generation of the present embodiment.
Transistor 134 is positive-negative-positive bipolar transistors.The other end of the second resistor 144 in emitter-coupled to drive part 140.Collector coupled is to resistor 135.The base stage of transistor 134 is coupled to the lead-out terminal of differential amplifier 136.Resistor 135 is coupling between transistor 134 and ground.
The following driving transistors 134 of differential amplifier 136.At non-inverting input terminal (+) place, for differential amplifier 136 supply temperature information Va is as the reference voltage exported from temperature detection part 120.At reversed input terminal (-) place, supply the voltage of emitter side for differential amplifier 136 and export the differential amplification between inputting.
Dividing in 130 according to the signal generation of the present embodiment, the voltage of the emitter side of transistor 134 corresponds to current controling signal.In other words, signal generation divides 130 to be supplied testing result from temperature detection part 120 and output current control signal, continuously changes size based on indirect consequence.
Drive part 140 according to the present embodiment does not comprise constant-current source 147, and such as, according to the 8th embodiment, constant-current source 147 is included in the drive part 140 shown in Figure 13.Signal generation divides 130 to be coupled to the second resistor 144 and operational amplifier 145.
Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the present embodiment continuously changes temperature information Va, continuously changes the output of differential amplifier 136 thus.Reference current Ia is according to temperature information Va consecutive variations.The value Ia of drive current i=(Ia × R2)/R1 continuously changes.Drive current i also consecutive variations.Specifically, increase temperature information Va too increases the output from differential amplifier 136.Reference current Ia correspondingly increases.
As shown in figure 21, the temperature of semiconductor switching device 110 and drive current i have proportional relation.The temperature of lifting thereof switching device 110 increases drive current i with predetermined gradient.
According to the present embodiment, the temperature information Va from temperature detection part 120 is used as reference voltage.The grid of transistor 134 receives from differential amplifier 136 and exports.The source electrode of transistor 134 is fed back into differential amplifier 136 feeding.Reference current Ia consecutive variations.Drive part 140 can continuously change based on size continually varying current controling signal the drive current i being supplied to control terminal 111.Fine tuning can be carried out to drive current i.
In the present embodiment, differential amplifier 136 can be used as output.
(the 13 embodiment)
Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the disclosure the 13 embodiment will be described.The first to the ten two embodiment serviceability temperature sensor is as temperature detection part 120.Semiconductor switching device driving arrangement according to the present embodiment uses cooling structure.
The heat dissipation switch device of such as semiconductor switching device 110 utilizes cooling structure to dispel the heat, thus restriction semiconductor switching device 110 is overheated.
As shown in Figure 22, cooling structure 121 is comprised according to the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement of the present embodiment.For cooling structure 121 provides temperature sensor (not shown).The detectable signal that temperature sensor can be exported is used as temperature information Va.Temperature sensor detects the temperature of cooling structure 121 to detect the temperature of semiconductor switching device 110.
Cooling structure 121 can be designed for water-cooled or air cooling.For water-cooled, temperature sensor only needs to detect water temperature.For air cooling, temperature sensor only needs to detect air themperature.That is temperature sensor only needs the temperature detecting coolant.
Semiconductor switching device 110 can use cooling structure 121 and temperature-sensitive device to carry out temperature detection.
In the present embodiment, cooling structure 121 can be used as temperature detection part.
There is temperature-sensitive device or cooling structure 121 as the example detecting semiconductor switching device 110 temperature according to the semiconductor switching device driving arrangement of the eight to the ten three embodiment.Also the resistor of such as thermistor can be used.
In the above-described embodiments, the first change over switch 142a and the second change over switch 142b is such as included in drive part 140.Can configuration driven part 140, first change over switch 142a and the second change over switch 142b differently from one another.
Suitably can be defined in the switch described in which level (such as low or high level) above-described embodiment that is turned on or off of signal.Also can the implication of suitably definition signal level.
Switching device (1), the on off state of the electric current supply of described switching device (1) control load;
Gate driver circuit (2), described gate driver circuit (2) carrys out switching device described in conducting (1) by the grid voltage controlling described switching device (1) and to described load for induced current, makes described switching device (1) be operated in described switching device (1) and is in complete conducting state in unsaturated region;
Clamp circuit (3), described clamp circuit (3) when described switching device (1) becomes conducting state from cut-off state by the temporary transient clamper of described grid voltage of described switching device (1) to clamping voltage, described clamping voltage is lower than the described grid voltage under complete conducting state and higher than mirror voltage;
Temperature sensing circuit (4), described temperature sensing circuit (4) detects the temperature of described switching device (1); And
Arithmetic device (5), described arithmetic device (5) calculates the voltage corresponding with the change of described mirror voltage based on the temperature that described temperature sensing circuit (4) detects and controls the described clamping voltage of described clamp circuit (3), thus make the voltage that described clamping voltage equals calculated, wherein
Judge to maintain described clamping voltage when short circuit being detected in short circuit, and after predetermined amount of time, perform soft disconnection, to limit the big current flowed due to short circuit.
2. load driving device according to claim 1, wherein
Described switching device (1) comprises responsive to temperature diode (1a), and
Described temperature sensing circuit (4) utilizes the temperature detecting described switching device (1) from the output signal of described responsive to temperature diode (1a) as temperature information.
3. load driving device according to claim 1, also comprises
Cooler (6), described cooler (6) cools described switching device (1) and comprises temperature sensor (6a), wherein
Described temperature sensor (6a) detects the temperature of the coolant of flowing in described cooler (6), and
Described temperature sensing circuit (4) utilizes the temperature detecting described switching device (1) from the detection signal of described temperature sensor (6a) as temperature information.
4. a load driving device, comprising:
Current detection circuit (7), described current detection circuit (7) detects the output current supplied to described load from described switching device (1); And
Arithmetic device (5), described arithmetic device (5) based on from described switching device (1) supply and the output current detected by described current detection circuit (7) calculates the voltage corresponding with the change of described mirror voltage, and control the described clamping voltage of described clamp circuit (3), thus make the voltage that described clamping voltage equals calculated, wherein
5. load driving device according to claim 4, wherein
Described switching device (1) comprises sensing terminals, and
Described current detection circuit (7) utilizes the current sensor that flows through described sensing terminals to detect the output current from described switching device (1) as current information.
6. load driving device according to claim 4, also comprises
Current detecting part (9), described current detecting part (9) produces output signal according to the described output current of described switching device (1), wherein
Described current detection circuit (7) utilizes the described output signal from described current detecting part (9) to detect described output current from described switching device (1) as current information.
7. a load driving device, comprising:
Switching device (1), the on off state of the electric current supply of described switching device (1) control load,
Mirror voltage testing circuit (10), described mirror voltage testing circuit (10) detects mirror voltage by detecting the described grid voltage being applied to the described switching device (1) of described load; And
Arithmetic device (5), the mirror voltage that described arithmetic device (5) detects based on described mirror voltage testing circuit (10) calculates the voltage corresponding with the change of described mirror voltage, and the described clamping voltage controlled in described clamp circuit (3), thus make the voltage that described clamping voltage equals calculated, wherein
8. a load driving device, comprising:
Switching device (1), described switching device (1) comprises the first electrode and the second electrode, when control gate voltage, the on off state of the electric current supply line of described switching device (1) control load, described first electrode coupling is to the mains side of described electric current supply line, and described second electrode coupling is to the datum mark side of described electric current supply line;
Gate driver circuit (2), described gate driver circuit (2) carrys out switching device described in conducting (1) by the described grid voltage controlling described switching device (1) and to described load for induced current, makes described switching device (1) be operated in described switching device (1) and is in complete conducting state in unsaturated region;
Clamp circuit (3), described clamp circuit (3) is by the described grid voltage clamper of described switching device (1) to clamping voltage, and described clamping voltage is lower than the described grid voltage under complete conducting state and higher than mirror voltage;
Switch (12), described switch (12) causes short circuit between the grid and collector electrode of described switching device (1);
Constant-current source (11), described constant-current source (11) produces constant current so that with switching device described in constant current driven (1);
Voltage detecting circuit (13), described voltage detecting circuit (13) utilizes described switch (12) to cause short circuit between the described grid and described collector electrode of described switching device (1), the described constant current produced with described constant-current source (11) to drive described switching device (1), and detects the voltage between described second electrode of described switching device (1) and described grid; And
Arithmetic device (5), voltage between the described grid that described arithmetic device (5) detects based on described voltage detecting circuit (13) and described second electrode learn threshold voltage of the grid change and current amplification factor change at least one, calculate based on learning outcome and change corresponding voltage with described mirror voltage and control the described clamping voltage in described clamp circuit (3), thus make the voltage that described clamping voltage equals calculated.
CN201210080800.XA 2011-03-24 2012-03-23 Load drive apparatus and semiconductor switching device drive apparatus CN102694531B (en)
JP066221/2011 2011-03-24
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CN201510294357.XA CN104901663A (en) 2011-03-24 2012-03-23 Load drive apparatus and semiconductor switching device drive apparatus
CN201510294357.XA Division CN104901663A (en) 2011-03-24 2012-03-23 Load drive apparatus and semiconductor switching device drive apparatus
CN102694531A CN102694531A (en) 2012-09-26
CN102694531B true CN102694531B (en) 2015-06-17
ID=46859832
CN201210080800.XA CN102694531B (en) 2011-03-24 2012-03-23 Load drive apparatus and semiconductor switching device drive apparatus
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