Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US8706388B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-07-15 22:33:46
Document Index: 379972677

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 318', 'art 318', 'art 318', 'art 318', 'art 318', 'art 318', 'art 318', 'art 318', 'art 318', 'art 318', 'art 318', 'art 600', 'art 700', 'art 700', 'art 700', 'art 600', 'art 800', 'art 318', 'art 800', 'art 800', 'art 900', 'art 318', 'art 900', 'art 900', 'art 900', 'art 900', 'art 1400', 'art 318', 'art 1400', 'art 1700', 'art 318', 'art 1700', 'art 1700', 'art 1700', 'art 1700', 'art 2100', 'art 318', 'art 2100', 'art 2100', 'art 2100']

US8706388B2 - Identifying restricted movement areas on electronic airport charts - Google Patents
Identifying restricted movement areas on electronic airport charts Download PDF
US8706388B2
US8706388B2 US12/328,960 US32896008A US8706388B2 US 8706388 B2 US8706388 B2 US 8706388B2 US 32896008 A US32896008 A US 32896008A US 8706388 B2 US8706388 B2 US 8706388B2
US12/328,960
US20100332112A1 (en
André Marco Lutz
2008-12-05 Application filed by Boeing Co filed Critical Boeing Co
2008-12-05 Priority to US12/328,960 priority Critical patent/US8706388B2/en
2008-12-05 Assigned to THE BOEING COMPANY reassignment THE BOEING COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LUTZ, ANDRE MARCO, PSCHIERER, KARL CHRISTIAN
2010-12-30 Publication of US20100332112A1 publication Critical patent/US20100332112A1/en
2014-04-22 Publication of US8706388B2 publication Critical patent/US8706388B2/en
A method, apparatus, and computer program product for graphically identifying operational restrictions for an airport area. The aircraft type is identified to form an identified aircraft type. A number of restrictions are identified for the airport area using the identified aircraft type to form a number of associated restrictions. The number of associated restrictions is presented as a number of graphical indicators on a display of the airport area in locations for the number of associated restrictions.
The present disclosure relates generally to an improved data processing system and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for identifying areas of restricted movement at an airport.
Many types of aircraft may operate in an airport. The different types of aircraft have different sizes, weights, and shapes. Airport environments may have restrictions for the movement of certain types of aircraft. For example, very large and/or heavy aircraft such as, for example, an Airbus A380 or a Boeing 747, may have their movement restricted because of their wingspan, turn radius, and/or other characteristics. Restrictions on movement also may be present based on the direction in which engine startups may be allowed in an airport. Further, an airport runway, a taxiway, or some other area may have debris present and/or repairs being performed requiring temporary restrictions.
This type of information is currently presented to a pilot in a text form in Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) or on charts of an airport. In some cases, a pointer may be used to highlight the location of a restriction. The pilot then refers to the textual description of the restriction for the particular location. These charts may be in paper and/or electronic form. In all cases, a pilot has to memorize the data and use the data appropriately when operating in these areas.
For example, a restriction may be “taxiway U between A3 and A4 restricted to 118 foot (36 meter) maximum wingspan”. Another example may be “taxiway C between F and TYW B5 speed restriction maximum 20 knots applies to all aircraft above 171 foot wingspan”. Yet another example may be “powered arrival by aircraft larger than B767 to gate A1 not permitted due to jet blast”. This type of information is an example of information that may be presented to a pilot on a chart of an airport.
With this type of system, the pilot is required to divert time and attention to the text and remember the restrictions for particular areas. The pilot may identify the relevant text based on a pointer. This type of process slows down the speed of retrieving information. As a result, the time needed to perform other duties for landing and/or takeoff may be increased. Further, the pilot has to remember all of the relevant restrictions and move the aircraft based on the restrictions while taxiing.
As a result, the workload of pilots is increased in addition to the amount of time needed to perform certain operations at an airport possibly being increased.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to have a method and apparatus that overcomes at least some of the issues described above.
In one advantageous embodiment, a method is presented for graphically identifying operational restrictions for an airport area. An aircraft type is identified to form an identified aircraft type. A number of restrictions are identified for the airport area using the identified aircraft type to form a number of associated restrictions. The number of associated restrictions is presented as a number of graphical indicators on a display of the airport area in locations for the number of associated restrictions.
In another advantageous embodiment, an apparatus comprises a display and a processor. The processor is configured for identifying an aircraft type to form an identified aircraft type. The processor is also configured for identifying a number of restrictions for the airport area using the identified aircraft type to form a number of associated restrictions. Further, the processor is configured for presenting the number of associated restrictions as a number of graphical indicators on the display for the airport area in locations for the number of associated restrictions.
In yet another advantageous embodiment, a computer program product for graphically identifying operational restrictions for an airport area comprises a computer recordable storage medium and program code, stored on the computer recordable storage medium. Program code is present for identifying an aircraft type to form an identified aircraft type. Program code is also present for identifying a number of restrictions for the airport area using the identified aircraft type to form a number of associated restrictions. Further, program code is present for presenting the number of associated restrictions as a number of graphical indicators on a display of the airport area in locations for the number of associated restrictions.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an apparatus for identifying operational restrictions for an airport area in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an entry in an operational restriction database in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating graphical indicators in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a currently used paper chart;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an aircraft moving map chart;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 14 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a diagram of a navigation chart with shading in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 16 is a diagram of a navigation chart with shading in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 17 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 18 is a diagram of a navigation chart using shading in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a diagram of a navigation chart with text in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 20 is a diagram of a navigation chart with icons in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 21 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 22 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 23 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;
FIG. 24 is a flowchart of a process for identifying operational restrictions for an airport area in accordance with an advantageous embodiment; and
FIG. 25 is a flowchart of a process for identifying operational restrictions for an airport area using a moving map in accordance with an advantageous embodiment.
In the depicted example, server 104 and server 106 connect to network 102 along with storage unit 108. In addition, clients 110, 112, and 114 connect to network 102. These clients 110, 112, and 114 may be, for example, personal computers or network computers. In the depicted example, server 104 provides data, such as boot files, operating system images, and applications to clients 110, 112, and 114. Clients 110, 112, and 114 are clients to server 104 in this example. Aircraft 116 also is a client that may exchange information with clients 110, 112, and 114. Aircraft 116 also may exchange information with servers 104 and 106.
Aircraft 116 may exchange data with different computers through a wireless communications link while in-flight or any other type of communications link while on the ground. In these examples, server 104, server 106, client 110, client 112, and client 114 may be computers at various locations. For example, client 110 may be located at an airport. In particular, client 110 may be located in a control tower or an airline office at the airport. Network data processing system 100 may include additional servers, clients, and other devices not shown.
Program code 216 is in a functional form on computer readable media 218 and may be loaded onto or transferred to data processing system 200 for execution by processor unit 204. Program code 216 and computer readable media 218 form computer program product 220 in these examples.
In one example, computer readable media 218 may be in a tangible form such as, for example, an optical or magnetic disc that is inserted or placed into a drive or other device that is part of persistent storage 208 for transfer onto a storage device, such as a hard drive that is part of persistent storage 208. In a tangible form, computer readable media 218 also may take the form of a persistent storage, such as a hard drive or a flash memory that is connected to data processing system 200. The tangible form of computer readable media 218 is also referred to as computer recordable storage media.
As another example, a storage device in data processing system 200 is any hardware apparatus that may store data. Memory 206, persistent storage 208, and computer readable media 218 are examples of storage devices in a tangible form. In yet another example, a bus system may be used to implement communications fabric 202 and may be comprised of one or more buses, such as a system bus or an input/output bus.
The different advantageous embodiments recognize and take into account that the pilot has to read the complete chart to identify which notes affect the pilot. The different advantageous embodiments also recognize and take into account that the information on charts of airports are not tailored or presented for the type of aircraft being operated by a pilot. As a result, the different advantageous embodiments recognize and take into account that a pilot has to sort through all of the different restrictions on an airport chart to identify restrictions that are relevant for the particular aircraft being operated by the pilot.
The different advantageous embodiments recognize and take into account that these and other issues with current charts containing restrictions may increase the workload and/or time of a pilot needed to perform operations at an airport.
Thus, the different advantageous embodiments provide a capability to graphically depict restrictions in different areas of an airport using electronic and/or printed charts. The different advantageous embodiments provide a capability to use graphical indicators to highlight and identify different areas. Further, the different advantageous embodiments provide a capability to more easily identify restrictions for the aircraft being operated by the pilot using the chart of the airport.
The different advantageous embodiments provide a method, apparatus, and computer usable program code for identifying operational restrictions for an airport area. An aircraft type is identified to form an identified aircraft type. A number of restrictions for the airport area are identified using the identified aircraft type to form a number of associated restrictions. A number, as used herein, when referring to items refers to one or more items. For example, a number of restrictions is one or more restrictions. The number of associated restrictions is presented as a number of graphical indicators on a display of the airport area in locations for the number of associated restrictions.
In this manner, the different advantageous embodiments may inform a pilot and/or other users about operational restrictions for an airport area for a particular type of aircraft using electronic and/or paper charts.
With reference now to FIG. 3, a block diagram of an apparatus for identifying operational restrictions for an airport area is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment.
In this example, data processing system 300 may be implemented using data processing system 200 in FIG. 2. Data processing system 300 may be implemented in various forms. For example, data processing system 300 may be located in an aircraft such as, for example, aircraft 116 in FIG. 1. Data processing system 300 may be a single data processing system or a network of data processing systems containing multiple computers and/or line replaceable units.
In these advantageous embodiments, data processing system 300 may be, in another example, an electronic flight bag. An electronic flight bag is an electronic information management device used by flight crews to perform management tasks. An electronic flight bag may, for example, provide navigation charts for air and ground operations. An electronic flight bag also may provide a display of various aviation data as well as perform basic calculations.
In other advantageous embodiments, data processing system 300 may be located in an airport. For example, data processing system 300 may be located in a control tower, an airline, or some other suitable location. Data processing system 300 also may be located in a location remote to the airport such as, for example, a chart provider.
In this example, data processing system 300 includes electronic map application 302, navigation database 304, operational restriction database 306, and output device 310. Output device 310 may be display device 312 and/or printer 314. Display device 312 provides a user interface for an operator to see information in charts presented by electronic map application 302. Electronic map application 302 presents navigation data 316 from navigation database 304 in the form of navigation chart 318.
Navigation data 316 may include information about a geographic area, such as airport area 320. Airport area 320 may be a portion of an airport or an entire airport.
Electronic map application 302 may present navigation chart 318 in a number of different ways. In some advantageous embodiments, electronic map application 302 may provide a moving map function. When navigation chart 318 is presented using a moving map function by electronic map application 302, electronic map application 302 may display the location of the aircraft as an icon on navigation chart 318 in display device 312. Additionally, the icon may move and/or change orientation as the aircraft moves to show the position of the aircraft on navigation chart 318. In other advantageous embodiments, navigation chart 318 may be an electronic chart without a moving map function.
In the different advantageous embodiments, restriction process 322 in electronic map application 302 uses operational restriction database 306 to identify restrictions 324 for aircraft type 326. In this manner, the different advantageous embodiments provide a capability to present restrictions 324 for aircraft type 326 without restrictions for other aircraft types. Aircraft type 326 is the type of an aircraft of interest in these examples.
Some examples of aircraft type 326 include, without limitation, a Cessna 172, a Boeing 737, a Boeing B747-400, an Airbus A380, or some other suitable aircraft type. These different types of aircraft have different wingspans in which a wingspan restriction may apply to some types, but not other types, of aircraft. For example, a Cessna 172 typically will not have wingspan restrictions. An Airbus 380 may have wingspan restrictions on various taxiways.
Aircraft type 326 is the type of aircraft operated by the pilot. In this manner, only restrictions 324 are presented from operational restriction database 306 on navigation chart 318. In these examples, restrictions 324 are presented using graphical indicators 328 in locations 330 for restrictions 324.
Further, electronic map application 302 may present text 332 for restrictions 324 in navigation chart 318. Text 332 may be presented for a particular restriction in response to a user selection of a graphical indicator in graphical indicators 328. In this manner, a pilot or other user may see more detailed information about a restriction within restrictions 324 when needed.
Thus, navigation chart 318 only presents information relevant to the aircraft being operated by a pilot. This type of presentation of restrictions 324 may reduce the workload of a pilot. Further, the time needed to process information may reduce the amount of time needed to take off or taxi towards a gate.
The illustration of data processing system 300 is not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to the manner in which different advantageous embodiments may be implemented. For example, other components, in addition to, or in place of, the ones illustrated may be employed depending on the particular implementation.
For example, operational restriction database 306 and/or navigation database 304 may be located on a different data processing system or in another location from data processing system 300. Electronic map application 302 also may have an update function to obtain new or current restriction information for operational restriction database 306.
Further, the different advantageous embodiments may present navigation chart 318 in paper format using printer 314. Navigation chart 318 may include information only for a particular type of aircraft or for a limited number of aircraft. In this manner, pilots also may reduce workload and/or time by having a paper chart for the particular type of aircraft being operated by the pilot.
Further, the different advantageous embodiments may be used by users other than pilots. For example, data processing system 300 may be located in a control tower at an airport. A user such as, for example, an air traffic controller, may use electronic map application 302 to identify restrictions for particular aircraft for which the air traffic controller is providing information or controlling.
When used by ground controllers, additional information such as stop bars, taxi routes, and other suitable information also may be presented. Also, in this type of use, restrictions applicable to all aircraft may be shown. If a particular aircraft is selected, then the restrictions applicable to this aircraft may be highlighted or other restrictions may be removed from the presentation. This type of mode may be used by air traffic controllers to plan a taxi route of an aircraft.
With reference now to FIG. 4, a diagram of an entry in an operational restriction database is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this example, entry 400 is an example of an entry that may be found in operational restriction database 306 in FIG. 3. Entry 400 includes object 402, location 404, operational restriction 406, and aircraft 408.
Object 402 identifies an object to which a restriction may be applied. For example, object 402 may be a unique identifier, a textual description, or some other identifier. For example, object 402 may be a runway, a building, a taxiway, a barrier, or some other suitable object. Object 402 may be a permanent or a moveable object depending on a particular implementation.
Location 404 identifies the location of object 402. Operational restriction 406 is the restriction on object 402. For example, operational restriction 406 may provide some restriction on movement with respect to object 402. For example, operational restriction 406 may prohibit movement or entry onto object 402, limit speed on object 402, limit turns performed on object 402, or provide some other suitable restriction. Aircraft 408 identifies a number of aircraft to which operational restriction 406 applies.
Entry 400 is an example of only one implementation of how information may be organized in operational restriction database 306. In other advantageous embodiments, other information may be included, in addition to, or in place of, the information illustrated for entry 400 in FIG. 4. For example, entry 400 also may include an identification of times or dates when operational restriction 406 is valid.
With reference now to FIG. 5, a diagram illustrating graphical indicators is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Graphical indicators 500 are an example of graphical indicators that may be used to present operational restrictions on a navigation chart. Graphical indicators 500 are an example of one manner in which graphical indicators 328 in FIG. 3 may be implemented.
Graphical indicators 500 include icons 502, brackets 504, and shading 506. Icons 502 may be used to provide visualization of complex conditional restrictions. Icons 502 may be associated with a particular point. For example, icons 502 may be associated with an intersection in which turn information may be presented. Icons 502 may be similar to road signs. For example, icons 502 may include an icon to identify a speed limit, a turn restriction, or some other operational restriction. Icons 502 also may be rotated or oriented for facilitating identification of operational restrictions.
Brackets 504 may provide an intuitive manner to depict short restrictions for objects. For example, brackets 504 may be used to identify restrictions for taxiways. Brackets 504 may indicate that an aircraft may not enter a particular taxiway, runway, or some other suitable area. Brackets 504 also may be used to identify objects causing the restriction such as, for example, a blast fence, a building, or some other suitable object near the prohibited area. Brackets 504 may be scaled such that the distance between the brackets and a centerline provides a visualization of a restriction. For example, in a moving map application, brackets 504 may be used to indicate a value of a wingspan restriction.
Brackets 504 may be used to visualize a narrow segment of an area directly as a bottleneck. The intuitiveness of using brackets 504 may be increased by displaying a shape of the aircraft that also may be to scale with respect to the location and position of brackets 504. For example, if the aircraft icon is larger than the width of the bottleneck generated by brackets 504, the pilot will not enter that particular area.
Shading 506 may be used to indicate status information. Shading 506 may be used to identify elements, such as taxiways or runways. For example, shading may be used to indicate whether a particular area is open or closed. Shading 506 may take various forms. For example, shading 506 may use colors, cross hatching, and/or other suitable indicators in the area in which the operational restriction is present.
Different combinations of icons 502, brackets 504, and/or shading 506 may be used to present operational restrictions on a navigation chart. Further, other types of graphical indicators may be used that provide a capability to convey information in a graphical manner.
The illustration of icons 502, brackets 504, and shading 506 for graphical indicators 500 in FIG. 5 are not meant to imply limitations to the manner in which graphical indicators 500 may be implemented. Graphical indicators 500 also may include, for example, without limitation, bolding, animation, highlighting, and/or other suitable types of graphical indicators.
With reference now to FIG. 6, a diagram of a currently used paper chart is depicted. In this example, paper chart 600 is an example of the manner in which operational restrictions may be presented for airport area 602.
In this example, restrictions may be identified through indicators such as ball notes 604, 606, and 608. Ball notes 604, 606, and 608 indicate that a restriction may be present. Ball notes 604, 606, and 608, however, do not indicate whether the restriction applies to the particular aircraft being operated by the pilot or what restriction is present.
The pilot must still refer to the text to identify the restriction and to determine whether the restriction applies to the aircraft operated by the pilot. In this example, ball notes 604, 606, and 608 may be “taxiway B and taxiway C between runway 07/25 and taxiway B10 not available to A380 aircraft due to weight limitations”. If the pilot is operating a small aircraft, ball notes 604, 606, and 608 do not apply.
Turning to FIG. 7, a diagram of an aircraft moving map chart is depicted. In this example, aircraft moving map chart 700 depicts airport area 602. No operational restrictions are illustrated in aircraft moving map chart 700.
As a result, a pilot refers to both aircraft moving map chart 700 and paper chart 600 to perform maneuvers and operations in airport area 602. Further, the pilot also refers to text identified by ball notes 604, 606, and 608 to identify restrictions. The pilot also is required to determine whether those restrictions apply to the aircraft being operated by the pilot. This type of process using currently available charts increases the complexity and/or time needed to perform various maneuvers and operations at an airport.
With reference now to FIG. 8, a diagram of a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this illustrative example, navigation chart 800 is an example of one implementation for navigation chart 318 in FIG. 3. Navigation chart 800 depicts airport area 802.
Aircraft icon 804 is displayed in airport area 802. The location and position of aircraft icon 804 may correspond to the actual position of the aircraft in the airport area. In this example, bracket 806 and bracket 808 are used to create bottleneck 810 around taxiway 812. Bracket 806 and bracket 808 may be sized and spaced to scale in airport area 802.
Further, aircraft icon 804 also may be to scale in this example. As a result, the pilot can see that wingspan 814 is greater than width 816 of bottleneck 810. As a result, the pilot will stop and not enter bottleneck 810 for taxiway 812.
Although the scale of aircraft icon 804 and brackets 806 and 808 for bottleneck area 810 may aid the pilot, other advantageous embodiments may not use the scale of the features. Instead, the presence of brackets 806 and 808 in navigation chart 800 may indicate that the aircraft cannot enter those areas because bracket 806 and bracket 808 are selected for the particular type of aircraft being operated.
Next, FIG. 9 is a diagram of a navigation chart in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this example, navigation chart 900 is an example of one implementation of navigation chart 318 in FIG. 3. Navigation chart 900 illustrates airport area 902. In this advantageous embodiment, icons 904 and 906 illustrate a bridge restriction for airport area 902. In this view, taxiway 910 and taxiway 912 are identified as being closed through icons 904 and 906 being displayed on bridges 914 and 916 in taxiways 910 and 912. Icons 904 and 906 indicate that an aircraft may not enter or move onto the area on taxiways 910 and 912 covered by icons 904 and 906.
With reference now to FIG. 10, a diagram of a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this example, navigation chart 900 also includes icons 1000, 1002, 1004, and 1006. These icons mark all of taxiways 910 and 912 as being closed.
With reference now to FIG. 11, a diagram of a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Navigation chart 900, in this example, presents brackets 1100, 1102, 1104, and 1106 to indicate a restriction for bridges 914 and 916.
With reference now to FIG. 12, a diagram illustrating a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Navigation chart 900, in this example, presents shading 1200 and shading 1202 on bridges 914 and 916 to indicate that these bridges are closed.
In FIG. 13, a diagram of a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this example, shading 1300 and shading 1302 indicate that all of taxiways 910 and 912 are closed in addition to bridges 914 and 916 in airport area 902.
In FIG. 14, a diagram of a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Navigation chart 1400 is an example of one implementation of navigation chart 318 in FIG. 3. Navigation chart 1400 presents airport area 1402. In this illustrative example, aircraft icon 1404 is depicted in airport area 1402.
Aircraft icon 1404 may be oriented and scaled to indicate the position and size of the aircraft relative to objects depicted for airport area 1402. In addition, brackets 1406, 1408, 1410, 1412, 1414, and 1416 are present to identify restrictions for various segments of taxiway 1418 in these examples. Brackets 1406 and 1408 identify restrictions for segment 1420; brackets 1410 and 1412 identify restrictions for segment 1422; and brackets 1414 and 1416 identify restrictions for segment 1424 of taxiway 1418.
In this example, brackets 1406, 1408, 1410, 1412, 1414, and 1416 also may be color coded. For example, the color red may be used to indicate that movement into these areas defined by the brackets is prohibited.
With reference now to FIG. 15, a diagram of a navigation chart with shading is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this illustrative example, shading 1500 indicates areas prohibited for an aircraft in a fashion similar to those identified by brackets 1406, 1408, 1410, 1412, 1414, and 1416 in FIG. 14. In this example, the restrictions may be for aircraft having a wingspan greater than 60.4 meters.
With reference to FIG. 16, a diagram of a navigation chart with shading is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. As depicted, shading 1600 only covers segment 1424 in taxiway 1418. Shading is only present in this area because the type of aircraft selected has a wingspan between 52 meters and 60.4 meters.
As a result, the aircraft may enter segments 1420 and 1422 but not segment 1424 as compared to the restrictions illustrated in FIG. 15. As a result, different restrictions may be presented for a particular type of aircraft providing a pilot a faster and more intuitive way to identify operational restrictions in an airport area as compared to currently available charts and systems.
In FIG. 17, a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Navigation chart 1700 is an example of an implementation for navigation chart 318 in FIG. 3. In this example, navigation chart 1700 depicts airport area 1702. In this example, brackets 1704, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1712, 1714, 1716, and 1718 indicate a warning rather than a prohibition. In this example, colors for brackets 1704, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1712, 1714, 1716, and 1718 may be, for example, yellow, to indicate a warning rather than a prohibition.
Again, a user may identify more information about the operational restrictions indicated by these brackets by selecting a bracket to obtain textual or other information.
With reference now to FIG. 18, a diagram of a navigation chart using shading is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this example, shading 1800 may be used to identify the restrictions in airport area 1702. Although the different graphical indicators do not provide detailed information about the restrictions, additional information may be identified by selecting a graphical indicator.
With reference next to FIG. 19, a diagram of a navigation chart with text is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this example, a user has selected bracket 1714 using pointer 1900. In response to this selection, popup display 1902 is presented in navigation chart 1700. Popup display 1902 includes additional information about the operational restriction.
For example, popup display 1902 may indicate that for a 747-400 series aircraft, taxiing should be performed at speeds of less than five knots when passing or overtaking other 747-400 aircraft on taxiways A and B. The selection using pointer 1900 may be made by moving pointer 1900 over bracket 1714 or moving pointer 1900 over bracket 1714 and selecting bracket 1714 with a command.
In FIG. 20, a diagram of a navigation chart with icons is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this illustrative example, icons 2000 and 2002 are displayed in conjunction with shading 1800 in airport area 1702 for navigation chart 1700. This combination of shading and icons may be used to present more information to allow a pilot to visualize complex conditions. Symbols 2000 and 2002 indicate that oncoming traffic is present. Of course, the orientations of these symbols may be changed for different orientations of navigation chart 1700.
With reference now to FIG. 21, a diagram of a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Navigation chart 2100 is an example of an implementation of navigation chart 318 in FIG. 3. Navigation chart 2100 depicts airport area 2102. In this illustrative example, icon 2104 indicates that no right turn may be made from runway 2106. In other words, an aircraft may not turn right at exit 2108. In this example, navigation chart 2100 is shown in a briefing mode or north up orientation as indicated by arrow 2110.
In FIG. 22, a diagram of a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. As illustrated, navigation chart 2100 is shown in a head up orientation with the aircraft moving in the direction of arrow 2200. As can be seen, icon 2104 also may be rotated or positioned to identify the prohibition of a right turn at exit 2108.
With reference now to FIG. 23, a diagram of a navigation chart is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. In this example, brackets 2300 and 2302 are positioned around exit 2108 to indicate that a prohibition is present. Further, these brackets may be color coded to indicate that the operational restriction is a prohibition of a particular maneuver rather than a caution.
With reference now to FIG. 24, a flowchart of a process for identifying operational restrictions for an airport area is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. The process illustrated in FIG. 24 may be implemented in a software component such as, for example, electronic map application 302. In this example, the process may be implemented in restriction process 322 for electronic map application 302 in FIG. 3.
The process begins by identifying an aircraft type to form an identified aircraft type (operation 2400). The process then identifies a number of restrictions for the airport area using the identified aircraft type to form a number of associated restrictions (operation 2402). The process then presents the number of associated restrictions as a number of graphical indicators on a display of the airport area in locations for the number of associated restrictions (operation 2404), with the process terminating thereafter. The presenting step may be performed using a display device in which a moving map or other electronic chart is presented on the display device.
In other advantageous embodiments, the presenting step may be formed by sending the information to an output device, such as a printer, to generate a paper chart. Although paper charts may be static, a tailored paper chart for a particular type of aircraft may be generated. A chart for each aircraft type and other factors influencing restrictions may reduce the complexity of charts when used by an operator of a particular type of aircraft.
For example, different types of aircraft, which may have the same restrictions, may be grouped together. As a result, the paper charts may include a presentation for a number of different types of aircraft that have the same restrictions. For example, if a chart is for wingspan restrictions, then the paper chart may show all of the aircraft that fall within a particular wingspan restriction that may be used by a particular airline.
With reference now to FIG. 25, a flowchart of a process for identifying operational restrictions for an airport area using a moving map is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. The process illustrated in FIG. 25 may be implemented in a software component such as, for example, electronic map application 302. In particular, some operations may be implemented using restriction process 322 in FIG. 3.
The process begins by identifying a location of the aircraft (operation 2500). The process then identifies an airport area (operation 2502). The airport area may be identified based on the location of the aircraft. The airport area may be, for example, a portion of the airport or the entire airport. When the airport area is a portion of the airport, the airport area may be an area based on a distance around the aircraft.
The process generates a navigation chart for the airport area (operation 2504). This chart may be generated using navigation data such as, for example, navigation data 316 in FIG. 3. The process identifies an aircraft type (operation 2506).
The process identifies restrictions applicable to the aircraft type (operation 2508). These restrictions may be identified using a database or other data structure such as, for example, operational restriction database 306 in FIG. 3. The process then displays the aircraft icon on the navigation chart (operation 2510). The aircraft icon is displayed in a location and orientation relative to the actual position of the aircraft in the airport area. Further, the aircraft icon may also be scaled relative to other elements being presented in the navigation chart.
The process then presents graphical indicators for the identified restrictions (operation 2512). A determination may then be made as to whether a graphical indicator has been selected from the graphical indicators (operation 2514). If a graphical indicator has been selected, text of the operational restriction is presented on the display (operation 2516).
The process then returns to operation 2514. In operation 2516, the text remains until the user moves the pointer off of the indicator or deflects it. In some advantageous embodiments, operation 2516 may present the text only for a limited period of time. With reference again to operation 2514, if a graphical indicator has not been selected, a determination is made as to whether aircraft movement has occurred (operation 2518). If the aircraft has moved, the process returns to operation 2500. Otherwise, the process returns to operation 2514.
Thus, the different advantageous embodiments provide a method and apparatus for graphically identifying operational restrictions for an airport area. In the different advantageous embodiments, an aircraft type is identified. A number of restrictions for the airport area is identified using the identified aircraft type. The number of restrictions is presented on a display of the airport area in locations for the number of associated restrictions.
In this manner, the different advantageous embodiments provide a capability to more intuitively present operational restriction information to users as compared to currently available charts and systems. Further, the different advantageous embodiments may reduce the amount of time and/or workload of various users. These users include pilots, air traffic controllers, and other suitable users.
Furthermore, the different embodiments can take the form of a computer program product accessible from a computer usable or computer readable medium providing program code for use by or in connection with a computer or any device or system that executes instructions. For the purposes of this disclosure, a computer usable or computer readable medium can generally be any tangible apparatus that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by, or in connection with, the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
1. A method for graphically identifying operational restrictions for an airport area, the method comprising, sequentially:
designating, in a processor comprising hardware and software, a display control aircraft from among all aircraft on the airport area, wherein designating comprises: the processor designating an aircraft, the aircraft containing a display associated with the processor, as the display control aircraft, and receiving inputs that designate the display control aircraft from among all aircraft on the airport area, and further wherein the airport area comprises all ground surfaces within an airport's geographic boundary that the display control aircraft can occupy or move over;
identifying, using the processor, an aircraft type of the display control aircraft;
forming, using the processor, an identified aircraft type, wherein the identified aircraft type is the display control aircraft identified by its aircraft type;
identifying, using the processor, a restriction for the airport area affecting the identified aircraft type, wherein the restriction comprises: a Notice to Airmen, a restriction to aircraft movement on the airport area, a restriction to aircraft operations on the airport area; a preferential taxi route on the airport area; and a preferential operating procedure on the airport area;
forming, using the processor, an associated restriction, wherein the associated restriction comprises any restriction that affects the identified aircraft type, and excludes any restriction that cannot affect the identified aircraft type;
transforming, using the processor, the associated restriction into a graphical indicator, wherein the graphical indicator comprises the associated restriction and a location on the airport area that the associated restriction affects;
communicating the graphical indicator to the display; and
presenting, on the display, the graphical indicator on a graphical representation of the airport area in locations on the graphical representation of the airport area where the associated restriction applies.
identifying a location of the display control aircraft in the airport area; and
displaying an aircraft icon on the graphical representation of the airport area in the location of the display control aircraft in the airport area.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of identifying the restriction for the airport area using the identified aircraft type to form the associated restriction comprises:
comparing a characteristic of the identified aircraft type to the restriction for the airport area; and
identifying if the restriction applies to the characteristic of the identified aircraft type to form the associated restriction.
responding to a selection of the graphical indicator on the display, presenting additional information about a restriction associated with the graphical indicator.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the restriction identifies a location for the restriction and the characteristic that is restricted.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the characteristic is selected from at least one-of a wing span, an aircraft weight, a speed, a turn radius, an aircraft type, an aircraft length, a tire pressure, a time, an engine thrust, performance data, a compatible parking gate, a time, and a date.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphic representation of the airport area is a moving map display of the airport area.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphic representation of the airport area is a map of the airport area and wherein the step of presenting the associated restriction as the graphical indicator on the graphic representation of the airport area in locations for the associated restriction comprises:
printing the map of the airport area with the associated restriction presented on the map as the graphical indicator on the map of the airport area in locations for the associated restriction.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphical indicator is selected from at least one of a bracket, an icon, shading, highlighting, animation, and color.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of identifying the aircraft type to form the identified aircraft type; identifying the restriction for the airport area using the identified aircraft type to form the associated restriction; and presenting the associated restriction as the graphical indicator on the graphic representation of the airport area in locations for the associated restriction are executed in a data processing system serving one of the aircraft, and an air traffic control facility.
a processor, wherein the processor comprises: hardware, and software, configured for sequentially:
designating, using the processor, a display control aircraft from among all aircraft on an airport area, wherein designating comprises: the processor automatically designating an aircraft, the aircraft containing a display associated with the processor, as the display control aircraft, and receiving inputs that designate the display control aircraft from among all aircraft on the airport area, and further wherein the airport area comprises all ground surfaces within an airport's geographic boundary that the display control aircraft can occupy or move over;
forming, using the processor, an associated restriction, wherein the associated restriction comprises any restriction that affects the identified aircraft type, and excludes any restriction that cannot affect the identified aircraft type; and
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further capable of identifying a location of the display control aircraft in the airport area; and displaying an aircraft icon on the display of the airport area in the location of the display control aircraft in the airport area.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein in identifying the restriction for the airport area using the identified aircraft type to form the associated restriction, the processor is capable of comparing a characteristic for the identified aircraft type to the restriction for the airport area; and identifying if the restriction applies to the characteristic of the identified aircraft type to form the associated restriction.
14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further capable of presenting additional information about the restriction associated with the graphical indicator in response to a selection of the graphical indicator on the display.
15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the display of the airport area is a map of the airport area, and wherein in presenting the associated restriction as the graphical indicator on the display of the airport area in locations for the associated restriction, the processor is capable of printing the map of the airport area with the associated restriction presented on the map as the graphical indicator on the map of the airport area in locations for the associated restriction.
16. A computer program product for graphically identifying operational restrictions for an airport area, the computer program product comprising:
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for sequentially designating a display control aircraft from among all aircraft on the airport area, wherein designating comprises: the program code automatically designating an aircraft, the aircraft containing a display associated with the program code, as the display control aircraft, and receiving inputs that designate the display control aircraft from among all aircraft on the airport area, and further wherein the airport area comprises all ground surfaces within an airport's geographic boundary that the display control aircraft can occupy or move over;
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for identifying an aircraft type of the display control aircraft;
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for forming, using the program code, an identified aircraft type, wherein the identified aircraft type is the display control aircraft identified by its aircraft type;
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for identifying a restriction for the airport area affecting the identified aircraft type, wherein the restriction comprises: a Notice to Airmen, a restriction to aircraft movement on the airport area, a restriction to aircraft operations on the airport area; a preferential taxi route on the airport area; and a preferential operating procedure on the airport area;
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for forming an associated restriction, wherein the associated restriction comprises any restriction that affects the identified aircraft type, and excludes any restriction that cannot affect the identified aircraft type;
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for transforming the associated restriction into a graphical indicator, wherein the graphical indicator comprises the associated restriction and a location on the airport area that the associated restriction affects;
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for communicating the graphical indicator to the display; and
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for presenting on the display, the graphical indicator on a graphical representation of the airport area in locations on the graphical representation of the airport area where the associated restriction applies.
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for identifying a location of the display control aircraft in the airport area; and
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for displaying an aircraft icon on the graphical representation of the airport area in the location of the display control aircraft in the airport area.
18. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for identifying a number of restrictions on the airport area using the identified aircraft type to form a number of associated restrictions comprises:
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for comparing a characteristic for the identified aircraft type to the restriction for the airport area; and
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for identifying if the restriction applies to the characteristic of the identified aircraft type to form the associated restriction.
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for presenting additional information about a restriction associated with the graphical indicator in response to a selection of the graphical indicator on the display.
20. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the graphical representation of the airport area is a map of the airport area, and wherein the program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for presenting the associated restriction as the graphical indicator on the display of the airport area in locations for the associated restriction comprises:
program code, stored on the non-transitory computer recordable storage medium, for printing the map of the airport area with the associated restriction presented on the map as the graphical indicator on the map of the airport area in locations for the associated restriction.
US12/328,960 2008-12-05 2008-12-05 Identifying restricted movement areas on electronic airport charts Active 2031-09-21 US8706388B2 (en)
US12/328,960 US8706388B2 (en) 2008-12-05 2008-12-05 Identifying restricted movement areas on electronic airport charts
US20100332112A1 US20100332112A1 (en) 2010-12-30
US8706388B2 true US8706388B2 (en) 2014-04-22
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US12/328,960 Active 2031-09-21 US8706388B2 (en) 2008-12-05 2008-12-05 Identifying restricted movement areas on electronic airport charts
US (1) US8706388B2 (en)
2008-12-05 US US12/328,960 patent/US8706388B2/en active Active
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