Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8020091?dq=5,815,488
Timestamp: 2017-07-25 05:30:11
Document Index: 376425099

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 200510088518', 'Application No. 200510088518', 'Application No. 200510088518', 'Application No. 200510088518', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 200510088518', 'Application No. 200510088518']

Patent US8020091 - Alignment and breaking of mathematical expressions in documents - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsEmbodiments relate to systems and methods for formatting a set of expressions in a document. In embodiments, the systems and methods provide the ability to format a set of expressions by aligning expressions or parts of expressions to each other or to the margins of the document, while also supporting...http://www.google.com/patents/US8020091?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8020091 - Alignment and breaking of mathematical expressions in documentsAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS8020091 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/182,628Publication dateSep 13, 2011Filing dateJul 15, 2005Priority dateJul 15, 2005Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20070016859, WO2007011518A2, WO2007011518A3Publication number11182628, 182628, US 8020091 B2, US 8020091B2, US-B2-8020091, US8020091 B2, US8020091B2InventorsAndrei Burago, Sergey Genkin, Victor Kozyrev, Jennifer Michelstein, Alexander VaschilloOriginal AssigneeMicrosoft CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (60), Non-Patent Citations (140), Referenced by (2), Classifications (5), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAlignment and breaking of mathematical expressions in documents
US 8020091 B2Abstract
Embodiments relate to systems and methods for formatting a set of expressions in a document. In embodiments, the systems and methods provide the ability to format a set of expressions by aligning expressions or parts of expressions to each other or to the margins of the document, while also supporting breaking of one or more expressions into multiple parts to be placed on different lines. Breaking can include breaking in places requested by a user or breaking in places that are automatically determined to fit the expressions between the margins of a document.
When an author generates a document that includes a series of mathematical expressions, the author often wants the expressions to be formatted in a certain way to enhance the readability and to make the workflow from one expression to the next obvious. For example, an author often will want a series of expressions to be aligned at the equal sign to clearly delimit what has changed on either the right or left hand side of the expressions. Generally, expression editing tools associated with word processing and presentation software programs align the expressions as a whole, e.g., left align, right align, or center the expressions. For example, the expression editing tools generally align the first character of the expression with the left margin of the page, regardless of any character or element within the expression. To format the set of expression in other ways, the users of these expression editing tools generally must endure a tedious, manual, editing process to separately format each expression. Further, the editing process is often frustrated or complicated when the viewing space, such as on a web browser, changes width. Such a change in width invariably results in undesired formatting. It is with respect to these and other considerations that the present invention has been made.
The above and other problems are solved by systems and methods for formatting mathematical expressions that allow an author to accomplish some manual formatting and maintain that formatting through some automatic formatting. In embodiments, a set of mathematical expressions is generated. One or more of the expressions is formatted, such as by inserting a manual break in the expression. A manual break is a user-inserted format, such as a carriage return, that separates one portion of an expression from another portion of the expression. In embodiments, the set of two or more expressions are also formatted. In one embodiment, the set of expressions are aligned according to two or more alignment points. An alignment point is an element within the expression used to align the expression with a related element in another expression. The set of expressions, in embodiments, are also formatted with respect to the document. In one embodiment, the set of expressions are formatted to fit within the width of the document. As such, one or more “automatic breaks” are inserted in the expressions to ensure the whole expression is presented with the document.
FIG. 1 is an embodiment of a document application with an expression editing tool illustrating formatting of a plurality of expressions according to the present disclosure.
The present exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The methods and systems may, however, assume many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete for those skilled in the art.
A document is any representation of information. In exemplary embodiments, the document is a text document, a graphic diagram, such as a flow chart, an organizational chart, a pie chart, etc., a spreadsheet, a web page, or other type of document. A computer system 100 that may be used to execute an expression editing tool in accordance with the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 1. As used herein, a “computer system” shall be construed broadly and is defined as one or more devices or machines that execute programs for displaying and manipulating text, graphics, symbols, audio, video, and/or numbers.
The computer system 100 displays information, such as display screen 102. The display screen 102 is enlarged to show details of the display. The display 102 relates to an over-simplified display of an example document application with the capability of generating, formatting, aligning, breaking, and displaying mathematical expressions. In embodiments, “mathematical expressions” or “expressions” are any idea or concept that can be expressed mathematically, such as equations, mathematical formula, chemical formula, DNA sequences, etc. Importantly, although display 102 displays a set of mathematical equations, many other types of expressions comprising various elements may be generated, formatted, aligned, broke, and displayed in accordance with the present disclosure, and thus, the examples illustrating equations shown in the Figures and explained herein are not meant as limitations, but merely as illustrations.
An expression, such as expression 108, is formed from a set of elements, such as elements 112 and 110. An element is any number, variable, operator, abbreviation, format, such as a space, or other part of an expression. In embodiments, each element is enclosed within a “bounding box,” as shown in FIG. 1. This bounding box or “bbox” is the imaginary, bounding, two-dimensional box within which the displayable element will fit. The bboxes may have different dimensions from one another, but, in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the bboxes are displayed as having similar sizes. However, the bboxes shown in FIG. 1 are not meant to limit the possible embodiments but are provided merely as an illustration. As one skilled in the art will recognize, the bboxes may be used to both identify and determine horizontal positions for alignment points or used to determine other measurements, described hereinafter.
In embodiments, one or more expressions, such as expression 114, may have a break inserted into the expression. In one embodiment, a user provides input identifying where the expression should be broken. This user provided input is referred to as a “manual break.” Thus, the expression is broken into two or more separate portions that are displayed on separate lines of the document, such as portion 130 and portion 156. Breaking an expression is the process of separating a first portion of the expression from a second portion of the expression. Upon providing the manual break, the user can identify how to “align” the second portion 156 of the expression with the first portion 130 of the expression on the first line. For example, the user may determine that element 158 of the second portion 156 should be aligned with element 160 of the first portion 130. The two portions 130 and 156 can maintain this spatial relationship. As such, embodiments provide systems and methods to determine an indention, such as indention 154, to align the broken part of the expression in the appropriate position. In embodiments, the indention for the broken portion is constructed from one or more portions.
After alignment, another type of break occurs when there is limited space between the margins and a portion of an expression, such as portion 142, crosses a margin, such as margin 126. This type of break is referred to as an “automatic break.” To determine where to insert an automatic break in the expression, a portion of the expression, such as portion 148, is identified that can be separated from the rest of the expression. The broken portion is set on the new line. In embodiments, the broken portion is then formatted according to some default positioning, such as left alignment, right alignment, as shown in FIG. 1, or center alignment. In further embodiments, the user may specify an alignment, such as adding an indent. This user-specified indent can be incorporated with the calculated indents.
Device 200 may also contain communications connection(s) 212 that allow the device to communicate with other devices. Communications connection(s) 212 is an example of communication media. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media, such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media.
To further illustrate how the expressions are formatted, some exemplary user interfaces showing different types of alignment are shown in FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, and FIG. 4C. A first exemplary embodiment of an alignment 400 is shown in FIG. 4A. Here, two expressions 402 and 404 are being aligned. The first expression 402 is first moved to abut with a first margin 406. The anchor point 407 is the equals sign. The position 410 of the equals sign is determined for the first expression 402. Then, a determination of the direction and distance for a movement or indention is determined that will align the alignment point 409 in the second expression 404 with the position 410. The indention required is determined to be for a distance 412. Since the direction of the movement is to the right of the first margin 406, the direction of movement is “positive.” As such, the required movement for the second expression 404 is a “positive indention” equal to the distance 412. Upon moving the second expression 404 the positive indention, both expressions 402 and 404 are aligned.
A second exemplary embodiment of an alignment 414 is shown in FIG. 4B. In the embodiment in FIG. 4B, the alignment is not completed to further enhance the description provided hereinafter. A first expression 416 and a second expression 418 are being aligned. Again, the first expression 416 is first moved to abut with a first margin 420. The anchor point 421 and the alignment point 423 is the equals sign. The position 425 of the equals sign is determined for the first expression 416. Then, a determination of the direction and distance for a movement or indention is determined that will align the alignment point 423 of the second expression 418 with the position 425. The movement is determined to be for a distance 424. Since the required direction of the movement is from the left of the first margin 420 as represented by the dashed bboxes, the direction of movement is considered “negative.” As such, the required movement for the second expression 418 is a “negative indention” equal to the distance 424. However, if only the second expression 418 is moved the negative indention, the alignment points 421 and 423 will not align. As such, both expressions 416 and 418 are moved an additional positive indention equal in length to the negative indention to maintain the alignment and ensure that the second expression 418 does not cross the first margin 420.
In embodiments, to ensure the expression 502 maintains “meaning,” i.e., the formatting of the expression does not alter or appear to alter the expression, an indention 518 is calculated for the portion 510. The indention 518, in embodiments, has two components. First, a break indention 516 is determined. The break indention 516 is a direction and distance calculation required to align the first element 517 of the portion 510 with the first element 519 presented after the alignment point 520, of the portion of the expression 502 on the first line 522. In other words, the break indention is the distance from the first edge of the first element 529 in the expression to the second edge of the alignment point 520. A second portion of the indention 518 is an alignment indention 514 that is equivalent to the alignment indention 508. The indentions 518 and 516 ensure the portion 510 maintains the proper position in the expression 502 to maintain the meaning of the expression. For instance, the portion 510 is not placed on the “wrong side” of the equals sign. In other embodiments, the portion 510 is aligned according to default formatting. For example, the portion 510 is aligned with the second margin 506.
The expression 1002 is shown in another user interface view after applying the automatic break in FIG. 10D. In embodiments, to ensure the expression 1002 maintains “meaning,” i.e., the formatting of the expression does not alter or appear to alter the expression 1002, an indention is calculated for the portion 1028. The indention, in embodiments, has two components. First, a break indention is determined. The break indention is a direction and distance calculation required to align the first element 1032 of the portion 1010 with the another element, such as element 1014 the portion of the expression 1008 on the first line. In other words, the break indention is the distance from the first edge of the first element 1022 in the expression 1002 to the first edge of the first element 1032. A second portion of the indention is an alignment indention that is equivalent to the alignment indention 1024. The indentions ensure the portion 1028 maintains the proper position in the expression 1002 to maintain the meaning of the expression. For instance, the portion 1010 is not placed on the “wrong side” of the equals sign. In other embodiments, the portion 1028 is aligned according to default formatting, as is shown in FIG. 10D. For example, the portion 1028 is aligned with the second margin 1006.
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"Math Information Retrieval: User Requirements and Prototype Implementation," ACM, 2008.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8170289 *Sep 21, 2005May 1, 2012Google Inc.Hierarchical alignment of character sequences representing text of same sourceUS20140372849 *Jun 14, 2013Dec 18, 2014Elia FreedmanInteractive notepad for computing equations in context* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification715/243, 715/267International ClassificationG06N3/00Cooperative ClassificationG06F17/215European ClassificationG06F17/21F6Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 27, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTONFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BURAGO, ANDREI;GENKIN, SERGEY;KOZYREV, VICTOR;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016589/0754Effective date: 20050919Dec 9, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTONFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034543/0001Effective date: 20141014Feb 25, 2015FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services