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JP5414324B2 - Antiglare laminate - Google Patents
Antiglare laminate Download PDF
JP5414324B2
JP5414324B2 JP2009080733A JP2009080733A JP5414324B2 JP 5414324 B2 JP5414324 B2 JP 5414324B2 JP 2009080733 A JP2009080733 A JP 2009080733A JP 2009080733 A JP2009080733 A JP 2009080733A JP 5414324 B2 JP5414324 B2 JP 5414324B2
JP2009080733A
JP2010231117A (en
孝徳 服部
剛 従野
寛信 芥川
2009-03-29 Application filed by 株式会社日本触媒 filed Critical 株式会社日本触媒
2009-03-29 Priority to JP2009080733A priority Critical patent/JP5414324B2/en
2010-10-14 Publication of JP2010231117A publication Critical patent/JP2010231117A/en
2014-02-12 Publication of JP5414324B2 publication Critical patent/JP5414324B2/en
The present invention relates to an antiglare laminate provided on the surface of a high-definition display device such as a CRT, PDP (plasma display), LCD (liquid crystal display) panel or the like.
In recent years, with the progress of high-definition image displays such as CRT, PDP (plasma display), LCD (liquid crystal display) panels, infrared sensors, optical waveguides, etc., optically transparent polymer materials, especially planar (film or sheet) There is an increasing demand for optically transparent polymer materials, that is, optical films.
In particular, optical films used in the display field have low optical elastic modulus, heat resistance, and high mechanical strength in addition to high transparency and high optical isotropy.
As the film used on the surface of the display, because it is located on the outermost surface of the display, it can be directly touched by hands, wiped with various chemicals including synthetic detergents, or exposed to sunlight, Specific coding is applied to the base film in order to impart scratch resistance, chemical resistance, weather resistance and the like. Furthermore, in order to make the screen displayed on the display easy to see, various processes or processes as described below are performed in order to satisfy other required performance such as high transmission definition and low reflection definition. For example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is known to provide an antiglare effect by forming an uneven shape on the surface or mixing a matting agent in a hard coat. In these methods, the 60 degree glossiness can be lowered by increasing the haze degree, but conversely, in this method, the total light transmittance and the screen resolution may be lowered.
Also, a method of adding a large amount of fine particles to an antiglare film has been proposed for the purpose of providing an antiglare effect with high definition, high haze, and low glossiness for use in LCD displays. However, when the amount of fine particles added is increased, the coating suitability is lowered, which causes a problem that streaks are generated on the coated surface and the yield is lowered.
When used outdoors, high weather resistance is required.
Further, when used on the display surface, high surface hardness is required.
In Patent Document 2, aiming at imparting high definition, high haze, and low glossiness to the antiglare property of the antiglare film, and adjusting the addition amount of fine particles, the coating suitability due to the generation of streaks on the coated surface is not reduced. A method is being considered.
In patent document 3, the lactone ring containing resin is used for a base film, and the weather resistance and surface hardness of an anti-glare film are improved. However, the antiglare property was insufficient.
Furthermore, in consideration of the workability and safety of film handling, the surface potential of the film itself may be kept small and difficult to be charged in order to make it difficult for static electricity to be generated during the production and processing of the antiglare film. Required.
However, none of the conventional antiglare films satisfy the above-mentioned characteristics sufficiently.
JP 59-151110 A International Publication Number WO95 / 31737 JP2007-293272
For the purpose of imparting an antiglare effect of high definition, high haze, and low gloss, a method of adding a large amount of fine powder particles to an antiglare film has been proposed. However, when the amount of fine particles added is increased, the coating suitability is lowered, which causes a problem that streaks are generated on the coated surface and the yield is lowered.
Furthermore, when an existing film is used as a base material, there are problems that weather resistance, surface hardness, workability and safety during film production / processing are insufficient.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and does not decrease coating suitability and yield without reducing the coating suitability while providing an antiglare effect of high transmission definition and low reflection definition. An object of the present invention is to provide an antiglare film having high weather resistance, surface hardness, improved workability and safety during film production and processing, and a transmissive display device using the antiglare film. .
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted various studies, and as a result, the antiglare film according to the present invention has a transparent base film and an arithmetic average surface roughness of the surface provided on the transparent film. Ra (μm) and the average spacing Sm (μm) of the surface irregularities simultaneously satisfy the formulas (I) 5 ≦ Sm ≦ 20 and (II) −0.03 Sm + 0.65 ≦ Ra ≦ −0.01 Sm + 0.65 By being characterized by comprising a glare layer, it is possible to obtain an antiglare film that realizes image sharpness (high transmission sharpness) and high contrast in addition to excellent antiglare properties (low reflection sharpness). The headline and the present invention were completed.
The antiglare film according to the present invention has a transparent base film, an arithmetic average surface roughness Ra (μm) of the surface provided on the transparent film, and an average interval Sm (μm) of surface irregularities of the formula ( I) 5 ≦ Sm ≦ 20 and (II) −0.03 Sm + 0.65 ≦ Ra ≦ −0.01 Sm + 0.65 In addition to (reflection sharpness), image sharpness (high transmission sharpness) and high contrast can be realized.
≪Anti-glare film≫
The antiglare film according to the present invention has a transparent base film, an arithmetic average surface roughness Ra (μm) of the surface provided on the transparent film, and an average interval Sm (μm) of surface irregularities of the formula ( I) 5 ≦ Sm ≦ 20 and (II) −0.03 Sm + 0.65 ≦ Ra ≦ −0.01 Sm + 0.65, and an antiglare layer that satisfies the conditions at the same time.
When the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of the antiglare layer is smaller than the range of the formula (II), the antiglare property is insufficient. Further, when the value is larger than the range of the formula (II), the image sharpness is insufficient. Moreover, it is necessary to control the average interval Sm of the surface irregularities within the range of the formula (I), and if it exceeds the range, even if Ra is adjusted to the region of the formula (II), the antiglare property and the image sharpness are sufficient. It cannot be set to a value that satisfies
The higher the total light transmittance, the brighter the display and the better, but it is preferably 85% or more. If it is 85% or more, it can be used practically without any problem.
The haze degree is preferably in the range of 3.0 to 35%. When the haze degree exceeds the upper limit of the above range, the display screen looks whitish. Conversely, when the haze degree is less than the lower limit, the glossiness increases and the antiglare effect decreases.
The 60-degree glossiness is a value defined by reflection of light incident on the screen from the outside, and is preferably in the range of 90 to 170%. When this value exceeds 170%, dazzling increases, and when it is less than 90%, it is difficult to achieve both antiglare properties and image clarity.
The constituent material of the antiglare layer is not particularly limited as long as the surface unevenness can be adjusted to the target range, but from the viewpoint of ease of adjustment of the surface unevenness and optical performance, and coating properties, and It is preferable to contain fine particles having a spherical shape.
≪Transparent substrate film≫
The total light transmittance of the transparent substrate film is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 86% or more.
Although the material of a transparent base film is not specifically limited, For example, a cellulose acylate, a cycloolefin polymer, an acrylate polymer, or polyester is mentioned.
Specific examples of cellulose acylate include cellulose triacetate, cellulose diacetate, and cellulose acetate butyrate. Examples of the cycloolefin polymer include a norbornene polymer, a monocyclic olefin polymer, a cyclic conjugated diene polymer, a vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer resin, and the like. Specific examples of the acrylate polymer include methyl poly (meth) acrylate, poly (meth) ethyl acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate-butyl (meth) acrylate, and the like. Here, (meth) acryl means acryl, methacryl or a mixture of both. Specific examples of the polyester include polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate.
From the viewpoint of heat resistance, weather resistance, and surface hardness, the transparent substrate film is preferably a resin film having a ring structure in the main chain. Examples of the ring structure include a lactone ring, an N-substituted maleimide ring, a maleic anhydride ring, and an N-substituted methacrylimide ring.
As the transparent substrate film, a lactone ring-containing resin film is particularly preferable. The lactone ring-containing resin film is a resin film mainly composed of a lactone ring-containing polymer having a lactone ring in the main chain. This is because the lactone ring-containing resin film has high optical isotropy (low retardation and low birefringence) in addition to excellent transparency, heat resistance, and surface hardness.
The lactone ring-containing polymer preferably has a lactone ring structure represented by the following formula (1).
(In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The organic residue may contain an oxygen atom.)
The content ratio of the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the lactone ring-containing polymer structure is preferably 5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 60% by mass. Especially preferably, it is 10-50 mass%. When the content of the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the lactone ring-containing polymer structure is less than 5% by mass, the heat resistance, solvent resistance and surface hardness of the obtained polymer are lowered. Sometimes. On the other hand, when the content of the lactone ring structure exceeds 90% by mass, the moldability of the obtained polymer may be deteriorated.
The lactone ring-containing polymer may have a structure other than the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1). The structure other than the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) is not particularly limited. For example, a (meth) acrylic acid ester described later as a method for producing a lactone ring-containing polymer, Polymer structure formed by polymerizing at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group-containing monomer, an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a monomer represented by the following general formula (2) Units (repeating structural units) are preferred.
(Wherein R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an —OAc group, a —CN group, a —CO—R 5 group, or —CO It represents -O-R 6 group, Ac represents an acetyl group, R 5 and R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.)
The content ratio of the structure other than the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the lactone ring-containing polymer structure is a polymer structural unit (repeated structural unit) formed by polymerizing (meth) acrylic acid ester. In this case, it is preferably 10 to 95% by mass, more preferably 10 to 90% by mass, still more preferably 40 to 90% by mass, particularly preferably 50 to 90% by mass, and the hydroxy group-containing monomer is polymerized. In the case of the polymer structural unit to be formed (repeating structural unit), it is preferably 0 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0 to 20% by mass, further preferably 0 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 0 to 10% by mass. is there. In the case of a polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it is preferably 0 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0 to 20% by mass, and still more preferably 0 to 15% by mass. Especially preferably, it is 0-10 mass%. Furthermore, in the case of a polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing the monomer represented by the general formula (2), preferably 0 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0 to 20% by mass, More preferably, it is 0-15 mass%, Most preferably, it is 0-10 mass%.
The method for producing the lactone ring-containing polymer is not particularly limited. For example, after the polymer (a) having a hydroxy group and an ester group in the molecular chain is obtained by a polymerization step, the obtained heavy polymer is obtained. It can be obtained by carrying out a lactone cyclization condensation step for introducing a lactone ring structure into the polymer by heat-treating the compound (a).
In the polymerization step, a polymer having a hydroxy group and an ester group in the molecular chain is obtained by performing a polymerization reaction of a monomer component containing a monomer represented by the following general formula (3).
(Wherein R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.)
Examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (3) include methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, ethyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, isopropyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, 2- ( Hydroxymethyl) n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, methallyl alcohol and the like. These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Of these monomers, methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate and ethyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate are preferred, and methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate is highly effective in improving heat resistance. Is particularly preferred.
The content ratio of the monomer represented by the general formula (3) in the monomer component provided in the polymerization step is preferably 5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 60%. It is 10 mass%, Most preferably, it is 10-50 mass%. When the content ratio of the monomer represented by the general formula (3) is less than 5% by mass, the heat resistance, solvent resistance, and surface hardness of the obtained polymer may be lowered. On the other hand, when the content ratio of the monomer represented by the general formula (3) exceeds 90% by mass, gelation occurs in the polymerization step or the lactone cyclization condensation step, and the molding processability of the obtained polymer is low. May decrease.
The monomer component used in the polymerization step may include a monomer other than the monomer represented by the general formula (3). Such a monomer is not particularly limited. For example, (meth) acrylic acid ester, hydroxy group-containing monomer, unsaturated carboxylic acid, and the following general formula (2) are used. And the like. These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The (meth) acrylic acid ester is not particularly limited as long as it is a (meth) acrylic acid ester other than the monomer represented by the general formula (3). For example, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid Acrylic esters such as ethyl, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, methacryl And methacrylic acid esters such as isobutyl acid, t-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and benzyl methacrylate. These (meth) acrylic acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these (meth) acrylic acid esters, methyl methacrylate is particularly preferable because the obtained polymer has excellent heat resistance and transparency.
When using a (meth) acrylic acid ester other than the monomer represented by the general formula (3), the content ratio in the monomer component to be subjected to the polymerization step is sufficient to exert the effect of the present invention. The content is preferably 10 to 95% by mass, more preferably 10 to 90% by mass, still more preferably 40 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 50 to 90% by mass.
The hydroxy group-containing monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a hydroxy group-containing monomer other than the monomer represented by the general formula (3). For example, α-hydroxymethylstyrene, α-hydroxyethyl styrene, 2- (hydroxyalkyl) acrylic acid ester such as methyl 2- (hydroxyethyl) acrylate; 2- (hydroxyalkyl) acrylic acid such as 2- (hydroxyethyl) acrylic acid; . These hydroxy group-containing monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
When using a hydroxyl group-containing monomer other than the monomer represented by the general formula (3), the content ratio in the monomer component to be used in the polymerization step is sufficient to exert the effect of the present invention. The content is preferably 0 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0 to 20% by mass, still more preferably 0 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 0 to 10% by mass.
Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, α-substituted acrylic acid, α-substituted methacrylic acid and the like. These unsaturated carboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these unsaturated carboxylic acids, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are particularly preferable because the effects of the present invention are sufficiently exhibited.
When using an unsaturated carboxylic acid, the content ratio in the monomer component to be subjected to the polymerization step is preferably 0 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0 to 20% by mass, in order to sufficiently exhibit the effects of the present invention. %, More preferably 0 to 15% by mass, particularly preferably 0 to 10% by mass.
Examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (2) include styrene, vinyl toluene, α-methyl styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone, ethylene, propylene, and vinyl acetate. These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these monomers, styrene and α-methylstyrene are particularly preferable because the effects of the present invention are sufficiently exhibited.
When using the monomer represented by the general formula (2), the content ratio in the monomer component to be subjected to the polymerization step is preferably 0 to 30% by mass in order to sufficiently exhibit the effects of the present invention. More preferably, it is 0-20 mass%, More preferably, it is 0-15 mass%, Most preferably, it is 0-10 mass%.
As a form of the polymerization reaction for polymerizing the monomer component to obtain a polymer having a hydroxy group and an ester group in the molecular chain, a polymerization form using a solvent is preferable, and solution polymerization is particularly preferable. .
Although the polymerization temperature and the polymerization time vary depending on the type and ratio of the monomer used, for example, the polymerization temperature is preferably 0 to 150 ° C., the polymerization time is 0.5 to 20 hours, and more preferably. Has a polymerization temperature of 80 to 140 ° C. and a polymerization time of 1 to 10 hours.
In the case of polymerization using a solvent, the polymerization solvent is not particularly limited. For example, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene; ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; tetrahydrofuran And ether solvents such as These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, since the residual volatile matter of the lactone ring containing polymer finally obtained will increase when the boiling point of a solvent is too high, the solvent whose boiling point is 50-200 degreeC is preferable.
During the polymerization reaction, a polymerization initiator may be added as necessary. The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited. For example, cumene hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, t-butylperoxyisopropyl Organic peroxides such as carbonate and t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate; 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2 ′ -Azo compounds such as azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile); These polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the polymerization initiator used is not particularly limited as long as it is appropriately set according to the combination of monomers and reaction conditions.
When performing the polymerization, it is preferable to control the concentration of the produced polymer in the polymerization reaction mixture to be 50% by mass or less in order to suppress gelation of the reaction solution. Specifically, when the concentration of the produced polymer in the polymerization reaction mixture exceeds 50% by mass, it is preferable that the polymerization solvent is appropriately added to the polymerization reaction mixture and controlled to be 50% by mass or less. . The concentration of the produced polymer in the polymerization reaction mixture is more preferably 45% by mass or less, and further preferably 40% by mass or less. In addition, since productivity will fall when the density | concentration of the produced | generated polymer in a polymerization reaction mixture is too low, the density | concentration of the produced | generated polymer in a polymerization reaction mixture becomes like this. Preferably it is 10 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 20 mass%. That's it.
The form in which the polymerization solvent is appropriately added to the polymerization reaction mixture is not particularly limited, and for example, the polymerization solvent may be added continuously or the polymerization solvent may be added intermittently. By controlling the concentration of the produced polymer in the polymerization reaction mixture in this way, the gelation of the reaction solution can be more sufficiently suppressed, and in particular, to increase the lactone ring content and improve the heat resistance. Even when the ratio between the hydroxy group and the ester group in the molecular chain is increased, gelation can be sufficiently suppressed. The polymerization solvent to be added may be, for example, the same type of solvent used during the initial charging of the polymerization reaction or a different type of solvent, but the solvent used during the initial charging of the polymerization reaction. It is preferable to use the same type of solvent. Moreover, the polymerization solvent to be added may be only one kind of single solvent or two or more kinds of mixed solvents.
The polymerization reaction mixture obtained when the above polymerization step is completed usually contains a solvent in addition to the obtained polymer, but it is necessary to completely remove the solvent and take out the polymer in a solid state. Rather, it is preferably introduced into the subsequent lactone cyclization condensation step in a state containing a solvent. If necessary, after taking out in a solid state, a solvent suitable for the subsequent lactone cyclization condensation step may be added again.
The polymer obtained in the polymerization step is a polymer (a) having a hydroxy group and an ester group in the molecular chain, and the weight average molecular weight of the polymer (a) is preferably 1,000 to 2,000. 5,000, more preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, still more preferably 10,000 to 500,000, and particularly preferably 50,000 to 500,000. The polymer (a) obtained in the polymerization step is subjected to heat treatment in the subsequent lactone cyclization condensation step, whereby a lactone ring structure is introduced into the polymer to become a lactone ring-containing polymer.
The reaction for introducing a lactone ring structure into the polymer (a) is a reaction in which a hydroxy group and an ester group present in the molecular chain of the polymer (a) are cyclized and condensed to form a lactone ring structure by heating. The alcohol is by-produced by the cyclized condensation. By forming the lactone ring structure in the molecular chain of the polymer (in the main skeleton of the polymer), high heat resistance is imparted. If the reaction rate of the cyclization condensation reaction leading to the lactone ring structure is insufficient, the heat resistance will not be improved sufficiently, or a condensation reaction will occur during the molding due to the heat treatment during molding, and the resulting alcohol will be contained in the molded product. May exist as bubbles or silver streaks.
The lactone ring-containing polymer obtained in the lactone cyclization condensation step preferably has a lactone ring structure represented by the following general formula (1).
The method for heat-treating the polymer (a) is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used. For example, you may heat-process the polymerization reaction mixture containing the solvent obtained by the superposition | polymerization process as it is. Or you may heat-process using a ring-closure catalyst as needed in presence of a solvent. Or heat processing can also be performed using the heating furnace and reaction apparatus provided with the vacuum apparatus or devolatilization apparatus for removing a volatile component, the extruder provided with the devolatilization apparatus, etc.
In carrying out the cyclization condensation reaction, in addition to the polymer (a), another thermoplastic resin may coexist. When performing the cyclization condensation reaction, if necessary, an esterification catalyst or a transesterification catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid generally used as a catalyst for the cyclization condensation reaction may be used. , Organic carboxylic acids such as propionic acid, benzoic acid, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; an organic phosphorus compound may be used as a catalyst. Furthermore, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 61-254608 and 61-261303, basic compounds, organic carboxylates, carbonates, and the like may be used.
Among these cyclization condensation reaction catalysts, an organophosphorus compound is preferable because the cyclization condensation reaction rate can be improved and coloring of the resulting lactone ring-containing polymer can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, by using an organophosphorus compound as a catalyst for the cyclization condensation reaction, it is possible to suppress a decrease in molecular weight that can occur when a devolatilization step described later is used in combination, and to impart excellent mechanical strength.
Examples of the organic phosphorus compound that can be used as a catalyst in the cyclocondensation reaction include alkyl (aryl) phosphonous acids such as methylphosphonous acid, ethylphosphonous acid, and phenylphosphonous acid (however, Tautomers (which may be alkyl (aryl) phosphinic acid) and monoesters or diesters thereof; dimethylphosphinic acid, diethylphosphinic acid, diphenylphosphinic acid, phenylmethylphosphinic acid, phenylethylphosphinic acid, etc. Dialkyl (aryl) phosphinic acids and esters thereof; alkyl (aryl) phosphonic acids such as methyl phosphonic acid, ethyl phosphonic acid, trifluoromethyl phosphonic acid, phenyl phosphonic acid, and monoesters or diesters thereof; methyl phosphite Acids, alkyl (aryl) phosphinic acids such as ethylphosphinic acid, phenylphosphinic acid and their esters; methyl phosphite, ethyl phosphite, phenyl phosphite, dimethyl phosphite, diethyl phosphite, Phosphorous acid monoester, diester or triester such as diphenyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite; methyl phosphate, ethyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl phosphate, octyl phosphate , Isodecyl phosphate, lauryl phosphate, stearyl phosphate, isostearyl phosphate, phenyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate, di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, diisodecyl phosphate, dilauryl phosphate, distearyl phosphate , Diisostearyl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, triphosphate Phosphoric monoesters, diesters or triesters such as chill, triethyl phosphate, triisodecyl phosphate, trilauryl phosphate, tristearyl phosphate, triisostearyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate; methylphosphine, ethylphosphine, phenylphosphine, Mono-, di- or tri-alkyl (aryl) phosphine such as dimethylphosphine, diethylphosphine, diphenylphosphine, trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, triphenylphosphine; methyldichlorophosphine, ethyldichlorophosphine, phenyldichlorophosphine, dimethylchlorophosphine, Alkyl (aryl) halogen phosphines such as diethyl chlorophosphine and diphenylchlorophosphine; Mono-, di- or tri-alkyl (aryl) phosphines such as sphin, phenyl phosphine oxide, dimethyl phosphine oxide, diethyl phosphine oxide, diphenyl phosphine oxide, trimethyl phosphine oxide, triethyl phosphine oxide, triphenyl phosphine oxide; tetramethyl chloride And halogenated tetraalkyl (aryl) phosphonium such as phosphonium, tetraethylphosphonium chloride, and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride. These organic phosphorus compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these organophosphorus compounds, since the catalytic activity is high and the colorability is low, alkyl (aryl) phosphonous acid, phosphorous acid monoester or diester, phosphoric acid monoester or diester, and alkyl (aryl) phosphonic acid Preferably, alkyl (aryl) phosphonous acid, phosphorous acid monoester or diester, phosphoric acid monoester or diester is more preferable, and alkyl (aryl) phosphonous acid, phosphoric acid monoester or diester is particularly preferable.
Although the usage-amount of the catalyst used in the case of a cyclization condensation reaction is not specifically limited, For example, Preferably it is 0.001-5 mass% with respect to a polymer (a), More preferably, it is 0.01. -2.5 mass%, More preferably, it is 0.01-1 mass%, Most preferably, it is 0.05-0.5 mass%. When the amount of the catalyst used is less than 0.001% by mass, the reaction rate of the cyclization condensation reaction may not be sufficiently improved. On the other hand, when the amount of the catalyst used exceeds 5% by mass, the obtained polymer may be colored or the polymer may be cross-linked to make melt molding difficult.
The addition timing of the catalyst is not particularly limited. For example, the catalyst may be added at the beginning of the reaction, may be added during the reaction, or may be added in both of them.
It is preferable to carry out the cyclization condensation reaction in the presence of a solvent and to use a devolatilization step in combination with the cyclization condensation reaction. In this case, a mode in which the devolatilization step is used throughout the cyclization condensation reaction and a mode in which the devolatilization step is not used over the entire cyclization condensation reaction but only in a part of the process. In the method using the devolatilization step in combination, the alcohol produced as a by-product in the condensation cyclization reaction is forcibly devolatilized and removed, so that the equilibrium of the reaction is advantageous for the production side.
The devolatilization step refers to a step of removing volatile components such as solvents and residual monomers and alcohol by-produced by a cyclization condensation reaction leading to a lactone ring structure under reduced pressure heating conditions as necessary. . If this removal treatment is insufficient, residual volatile components in the obtained polymer increase, and coloring may occur due to deterioration during molding, and molding defects such as bubbles and silver streaks may occur.
In the case of using a devolatilization step throughout the cyclization condensation reaction, the apparatus to be used is not particularly limited. For example, in order to more effectively perform the present invention, a devolatilization step and devolatilization are performed. It is preferable to use a devolatilizer comprising a tank and an extruder with a vent, or a devolatilizer and an extruder arranged in series, and a devolatilizer comprising a heat exchanger and a devolatilizer or an extrusion with a vent It is more preferable to use a machine.
The reaction treatment temperature in the case of using a devolatilizer comprising a heat exchanger and a devolatilizer is preferably 150 to 350 ° C, more preferably 200 to 300 ° C. If the reaction treatment temperature is less than 150 ° C., the cyclization condensation reaction may be insufficient and the residual volatile matter may increase. On the other hand, when the reaction processing temperature exceeds 350 ° C., the obtained polymer may be colored or decomposed.
The reaction treatment pressure when using a devolatilizer comprising a heat exchanger and a devolatilizer is preferably 931 to 1.33 hPa (700 to 1 mmHg), more preferably 798 to 66.5 hPa (600 to 50 mmHg). . When the reaction treatment pressure exceeds 931 hPa (700 mmHg), volatile components including alcohol may easily remain. On the other hand, when the reaction treatment pressure is less than 1.33 hPa (1 mmHg), industrial implementation may be difficult.
When using the extruder with a vent, one or a plurality of vents may be used, but it is preferable to have a plurality of vents.
The reaction processing temperature when using the extruder with a vent is preferably 150 to 350 ° C, more preferably 200 to 300 ° C. If the reaction treatment temperature is less than 150 ° C., the cyclization condensation reaction may be insufficient and the residual volatile matter may increase. On the other hand, when the reaction processing temperature exceeds 350 ° C., the obtained polymer may be colored or decomposed.
The reaction treatment pressure when using the extruder with a vent is preferably 931 to 1.33 hPa (700 to 1 mmHg), more preferably 798 to 13.3 hPa (600 to 10 mmHg). When the reaction treatment pressure exceeds 931 hPa (700 mmHg), volatile components including alcohol may easily remain. On the other hand, when the reaction treatment pressure is less than 1.33 hPa (1 mmHg), industrial implementation may be difficult.
In the case of a form in which a devolatilization step is used throughout the cyclization condensation reaction, the physical properties of the lactone ring-containing polymer obtained may deteriorate under severe heat treatment conditions, as will be described later. It is preferable to carry out by using an extruder with a vent etc. on the conditions as mild as possible.
In the case where the devolatilization step is used in combination throughout the cyclization condensation reaction, the polymer (a) obtained in the polymerization step is preferably introduced into the cyclization condensation reaction device together with a solvent. Depending on the situation, it may be passed once again through a cyclocondensation reaction apparatus such as a vented extruder.
You may perform the form used together only in a part of process, without using a devolatilization process over the whole process of cyclization condensation reaction. For example, the apparatus for producing the polymer (a) is further heated, and if necessary, a part of the devolatilization step is used together to advance the cyclization condensation reaction to some extent in advance, followed by the devolatilization step. Is a form in which a cyclization condensation reaction is simultaneously used to complete the reaction.
In the form of using the devolatilization step throughout the cyclization condensation reaction described above, for example, when the polymer (a) is heat-treated at a high temperature of about 250 ° C. or higher using a twin-screw extruder. Depending on the thermal history, partial decomposition or the like may occur before the cyclization condensation reaction occurs, and the physical properties of the obtained lactone ring-containing polymer may be lowered. Therefore, if the cyclization condensation reaction is allowed to proceed to some extent before the cyclization condensation reaction using the devolatilization process at the same time, the reaction conditions in the latter half can be relaxed and the physical properties of the resulting lactone ring-containing polymer are reduced. Is preferable. As a particularly preferred form, for example, a form in which the devolatilization step is started after a lapse of time from the start of the cyclization condensation reaction, that is, a hydroxy group present in the molecular chain of the polymer (a) obtained in the polymerization step A form in which an ester group is preliminarily subjected to a cyclization condensation reaction to increase the cyclization condensation reaction rate to some extent and then a cyclization condensation reaction using a devolatilization step simultaneously is performed. Specifically, for example, a cyclization condensation reaction is allowed to proceed to a certain reaction rate in the presence of a solvent in advance using a kettle reactor, and then a reactor equipped with a devolatilizer, for example, heat exchange Preferred is a mode in which the cyclization condensation reaction is completed with a devolatilizer comprising a vessel and a devolatilization tank, an extruder with a vent, or the like. In particular, in the case of this form, it is more preferable that a catalyst for the cyclization condensation reaction is present.
As described above, the hydroxy group and the ester group present in the molecular chain of the polymer (a) obtained in the polymerization step are preliminarily subjected to a cyclization condensation reaction to increase the cyclization condensation reaction rate to some extent, The method of carrying out the cyclization condensation reaction using the devolatilization step at the same time is a preferred mode for obtaining a lactone ring-containing polymer in the present invention. With this form, a lactone ring-containing polymer having a higher glass transition temperature, a higher cyclization condensation reaction rate, and excellent heat resistance can be obtained. In this case, as a measure of the cyclization condensation reaction rate, for example, the mass reduction rate in the range of 150 to 300 ° C. in the dynamic TG measurement shown in the examples is preferably 2% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less. More preferably, it is 1% or less.
The reactor that can be employed in the cyclization condensation reaction performed in advance before the cyclization condensation reaction using the devolatilization process at the same time is not particularly limited. For example, an autoclave, a kettle reactor, a heat exchanger And a devolatilizer comprising a devolatilization tank, and a vented extruder suitable for a cyclization condensation reaction using a devolatilization step at the same time can also be used. Of these reactors, an autoclave and a kettle reactor are particularly preferable. However, even when a reactor such as an extruder with a vent is used, the autoclave or kettle can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature conditions, barrel conditions, screw shape, screw operating conditions, etc. It is possible to carry out the cyclization condensation reaction in the same state as the reaction state in the type reactor.
In the case of the cyclization condensation reaction carried out in advance before the cyclization condensation reaction using the devolatilization step at the same time, for example, a mixture containing the polymer (a) and the solvent obtained in the polymerization step is used as (i) a catalyst. And (ii) a method of performing a heat reaction without a catalyst, a method of performing the above (i) or (ii) under pressure, and the like.
The “mixture containing the polymer (a) and the solvent” introduced into the cyclization condensation reaction in the lactone cyclization condensation step refers to the polymerization reaction mixture itself obtained in the polymerization step or the solvent once removed. It means a mixture obtained by re-adding a solvent suitable for the cyclization condensation reaction later.
The solvent that can be re-added in the cyclization condensation reaction that is carried out in advance before the cyclization condensation reaction using the devolatilization step at the same time is not particularly limited. For example, aromatic carbonization such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, etc. Hydrogens; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran; and the like. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferably, it is the same kind of solvent as the solvent used in the polymerization step.
Examples of the catalyst added in the method (i) include commonly used esterification catalysts such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or transesterification catalysts, basic compounds, organic carboxylates, and carbonates. In the present invention, it is preferable to use the organophosphorus compound described above. The addition timing of the catalyst is not particularly limited. For example, the catalyst may be added at the beginning of the reaction, may be added during the reaction, or may be added in both of them. The addition amount of the catalyst is not particularly limited, but for example, is preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 2.5% by mass with respect to the mass of the polymer (a). More preferably, it is 0.01-1 mass%, Most preferably, it is 0.05-0.5 mass%. Although the heating temperature and heating time of method (i) are not particularly limited, for example, the heating temperature is preferably room temperature to 180 ° C., more preferably 50 to 150 ° C., and the heating time is preferably 1 to 20 hours, more preferably 2 to 10 hours. If the heating temperature is less than room temperature or the heating time is less than 1 hour, the cyclization condensation reaction rate may be lowered. On the other hand, if the heating temperature exceeds 180 ° C. or the heating time exceeds 20 hours, the resin may be colored or decomposed.
Examples of the method (ii) include a method of heating the polymerization reaction mixture obtained in the polymerization step as it is using a pressure-resistant kettle reactor or the like. Although the heating temperature and heating time of method (ii) are not particularly limited, for example, the heating temperature is preferably 100 to 180 ° C, more preferably 150 to 180 ° C, and the heating time is preferably 1 to 20 hours, more preferably 2 to 10 hours. When the heating temperature is less than 100 ° C. or the heating time is less than 1 hour, the cyclization condensation reaction rate may be lowered. Conversely, if the heating temperature exceeds 180 ° C. or the heating time exceeds 20 hours, the resin may be colored or decomposed.
In any of the methods (i) and (ii), there is no problem even under pressure depending on conditions.
In the case of the cyclization condensation reaction performed in advance before the cyclization condensation reaction using the devolatilization step at the same time, there is no problem even if part of the solvent volatilizes spontaneously during the reaction.
The mass reduction rate within the range of 150 to 300 ° C. in the dynamic TG measurement at the end of the cyclization condensation reaction performed in advance before the cyclization condensation reaction simultaneously used in combination with the devolatilization step, that is, immediately before the start of the devolatilization step is Preferably it is 2% or less, More preferably, it is 1.5% or less, More preferably, it is 1% or less. When the mass reduction rate exceeds 2%, the cyclization condensation reaction rate does not rise to a sufficiently high level even if the cyclization condensation reaction is performed simultaneously with the devolatilization step, and the physical properties of the resulting lactone ring-containing polymer. May decrease. In addition, when performing said cyclization condensation reaction, in addition to a polymer (a), you may coexist other thermoplastic resins.
The hydroxy group and the ester group present in the molecular chain of the polymer (a) obtained in the polymerization step are preliminarily subjected to a cyclization condensation reaction to increase the cyclization condensation reaction rate to some extent. In the case of a form in which a combined cyclization condensation reaction is carried out, a polymer obtained by a cyclization condensation reaction carried out in advance (a polymer in which at least a part of a hydroxy group and an ester group present in a molecular chain is subjected to a cyclization condensation reaction) And the solvent may be introduced into the cyclization condensation reaction using the devolatilization step at the same time, and if necessary, the polymer (at least a part of the hydroxy group and ester group present in the molecular chain is present). It may be introduced into a cyclization condensation reaction in which a devolatilization step is used at the same time after other treatments such as re-addition of a solvent after the cyclization condensation reaction polymer is isolated.
The devolatilization step is not limited to being completed at the same time as the cyclization condensation reaction, and may be completed after a lapse of time from the completion of the cyclization condensation reaction.
The weight average molecular weight of the lactone ring-containing polymer is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, still more preferably 10,000 to 500,000, particularly preferably. 50,000 to 500,000.
The lactone ring-containing polymer preferably has a mass reduction rate in the range of 150 to 300 ° C. in dynamic TG measurement of 1% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less, and still more preferably 0.3% or less.
Since the lactone ring-containing polymer has a high cyclization condensation reaction rate, it is possible to avoid the disadvantage that bubbles and silver streaks enter the molded product after molding. Furthermore, since the lactone ring structure is sufficiently introduced into the polymer due to the high cyclization condensation reaction rate, the obtained lactone ring-containing polymer has sufficiently high heat resistance.
The lactone ring-containing polymer has a coloring degree (YI) of preferably 6 or less, more preferably 3 or less, still more preferably 2 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or less when a chloroform solution having a concentration of 15% by mass is used. . If the degree of coloring (YI) exceeds 6, transparency may be impaired by coloring, and it may not be used for the intended purpose.
The lactone ring-containing polymer has a 5% mass reduction temperature in thermal mass spectrometry (TG) of preferably 330 ° C. or higher, more preferably 350 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 360 ° C. or higher. The 5% mass reduction temperature in thermal mass spectrometry (TG) is an index of thermal stability, and if it is less than 330 ° C., sufficient thermal stability may not be exhibited.
The lactone ring-containing polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of preferably 110 ° C. or higher, more preferably 115 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 120 ° C. or higher.
The total amount of residual volatile components contained in the lactone ring-containing polymer is preferably 1,500 ppm or less, more preferably 1,000 ppm or less. If the total amount of residual volatile components exceeds 1,500 ppm, it may be colored due to alteration during molding, foaming, or molding defects such as silver streak.
The lactone ring-containing polymer has a total light transmittance of 85% or more, more preferably 88% or more, and still more preferably measured by a method based on ASTM-D-1003 for a molded product obtained by injection molding. 90% or more. The total light transmittance is an index of transparency, and if it is less than 85%, the transparency is lowered and it may not be used for the intended purpose.
The content ratio of the lactone ring-containing polymer contained in the lactone ring-containing resin film is preferably 50 to 100% by mass, more preferably 60 to 100% by mass, still more preferably 70 to 100% by mass, and particularly preferably 80 to 100%. % By mass. When the content of the lactone ring-containing polymer contained in the lactone ring-containing resin film is less than 50% by mass, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently exhibited.
The lactone ring-containing resin film may contain a polymer other than the lactone ring-containing polymer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “other polymer”) as another component. Examples of other polymers include olefin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, poly (4-methyl-1-pentene); halogens such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and chlorinated vinyl resins. Acrylic polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate; Styrene polymers such as polystyrene, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene block copolymer Polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 66 and nylon 610; polyacetals; polycarbonates; polyphenylene oxides; Polyether ether ketone; polysulfones; polyethersulfones; polyoxyethylene benzylidene alkylene; polyamideimide; polybutadiene rubber, rubber-like polymer such as ABS resin or ASA resin containing an acrylic rubber; and the like.
The content of the other polymer in the lactone ring-containing resin film is preferably 0 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0 to 40% by mass, further preferably 0 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 0 to 20% by mass. is there.
The lactone ring-containing resin film may contain various additives. Examples of additives include hindered phenol-based, phosphorus-based and sulfur-based antioxidants; light-resistant stabilizers, weather-resistant stabilizers, heat stabilizers and other stabilizers; reinforcing materials such as glass fibers and carbon fibers; phenyls UV absorbers such as salicylate, (2,2′-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-hydroxybenzophenone; near infrared absorbers; tris (dibromopropyl) phosphate, triallyl phosphate, antimony oxide, etc. Flame retardants; Antistatic agents such as anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants; Colorants such as inorganic pigments, organic pigments and dyes; Organic fillers and inorganic fillers; Resin modifiers; Organic fillers and inorganic fillers Agents, plasticizers, lubricants, antistatic agents, flame retardants, and the like.
The structure of the ultraviolet absorber added to the lactone ring-containing resin film is not particularly limited, but an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyphenyltriazine skeleton as a chromophore is preferable, and among them, the glass transition temperature is 110 ° C. or higher. 2,4-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -6- [2-hydroxy-4- (3-alkyloxy-2) is highly compatible with other thermoplastic acrylic resins and has excellent absorption characteristics. -Hydroxypropyloxy) -5-α-cumylphenyl] -s-triazine skeleton (alkyloxy; long-chain alkyloxy groups such as octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, etc.) is more preferred, and is represented by the following formula (4): An ultraviolet absorber containing as a main component an ultraviolet absorber having the structure represented is particularly preferred.
Examples of other ultraviolet absorbers include benzotriazole derivatives, benzophenone derivatives, benzoxazinone derivatives, triazine derivatives, and the like.
Specific examples of the benzotriazole derivative include 2- (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, and 2- (2-hydroxy- 3,5-dicumylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis [4- (1,1, 3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol], 2- (2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2- Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-3, -Di-tert-amylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-4-octoxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis [4-cumyl-6-benzotriazolephenyl], 2,2′-p-phenylenebis (1,3-benzoxazin-4-one), 2- [2-hydroxy-3- (3,4,5, 6-tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl) -5-methylphenyl] benzotriazole, 3- [3-methyl- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl] propionate / polyethylene glycol 300 Reactive organism, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -6- (linear and side chain dode) Syl) -4-methylphenol and the like.
Specific examples of the benzophenone derivative include 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-benzyloxybenzophenone, and 2-hydroxy. -4-methoxy-5-sulfoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfoxytrihydride benzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2 ', 4,4'- Tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxy-5-sodiumsulfoxybenzophenone, bis (5-benzoyl-4-hydroxy) -2-methoxyphenyl ) Methane, 2-hydroxy-4-n-dodecyloxybenzophenone, 2-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-2'-carboxybenzophenone and the like.
Specific examples of the benzoxazinone derivative include 2-p-methoxyphenyl (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2-α-naphthyl (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2 -Β-naphthyl (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2-p-phthalimidophenyl (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-bis (3,1-benzoxazine- 4-one), 2,2 ′-(1,4-diphenylene) bis (4H-3,1-benzoxazinon-4-one), 2,2 ′-(4,4′-diphenylene) bis (3 , 1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2 ′-(2,6 or 1,5-dinaphthalene) bis (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 1,3,5-tri ( 3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), among them 2,2 ′-(1,4-diphenylene) bis (4H-3,1-benzoxazinon-4-one) (manufactured by Nippon Cytec Industries, Ltd., products from the viewpoint of its high melting point and absorption characteristics Name: Siasorb UV-3638) is preferred.
As the triazine derivative, specifically, 2- [4-[(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl) oxy] -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl)- 1,3,5-triazine, 2- [4-[(2-hydroxy-3-tridecyloxypropyl) oxy] -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -1 , 3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -6- (2-hydroxy-4-iso-octylphenyl) -s-triazine, and the like. Moreover, isooctyl substituted tris resorcinol triazine (for example, trade name “CGL777MPAD” manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals), tert-butyl substituted tris resorcinol triazine, cumyl substituted tris resorcinol triazine and the like can be mentioned. These ultraviolet absorbers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The content of the additive in the lactone ring-containing resin film is preferably 0 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0 to 2% by mass, and still more preferably 0 to 0.5% by mass.
The method for producing the lactone ring-containing resin film is not particularly limited. For example, the lactone ring-containing polymer and other polymers and additives are sufficiently mixed by a conventionally known mixing method. Thus, a resin composition can be prepared and formed into a film. Moreover, it is good also as a stretched film by extending | stretching.
First, in order to produce a thermoplastic resin composition, for example, the above film raw material is pre-blended with a conventionally known mixer such as an omni mixer, and then the obtained mixture is extrusion kneaded. In this case, the mixer used for extrusion kneading is not particularly limited. For example, a conventionally known mixer such as an extruder such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder or a pressure kneader can be used. .
Examples of the film forming method include conventionally known film forming methods such as a solution casting method (solution casting method), a melt extrusion method, a calendar method, and a compression molding method. Among these film forming methods, the solution casting method (solution casting method) and the melt extrusion method are preferable.
Solvents used in the solution casting method (solution casting method) include, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, etc. Alcohols such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; halogenation such as dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride Hydrocarbons; dimethylformamide; dimethyl sulfoxide; and the like. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Examples of the apparatus for performing the solution casting method (solution casting method) include a drum casting machine, a band casting machine, and a spin coater.
Examples of the melt extrusion method include a T-die method and an inflation method, and the molding temperature at that time is preferably 150 to 350 ° C., more preferably 200 to 300 ° C.
When forming a film by the T-die method, a roll-shaped film can be obtained by attaching a T-die to the tip of a known single-screw extruder or twin-screw extruder and winding the film extruded into a film. it can. At this time, it is possible to perform uniaxial stretching by appropriately adjusting the temperature of the winding roll and adding stretching in the extrusion direction. Further, simultaneous biaxial stretching, sequential biaxial stretching, and the like can be performed by stretching the film in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction.
The lactone ring-containing resin film may be either an unstretched film or a stretched film. In the case of a stretched film, either a uniaxially stretched film or a biaxially stretched film may be used. When it is a biaxially stretched film, either a simultaneous biaxially stretched film or a sequential biaxially stretched film may be used. In the case of biaxial stretching, the mechanical strength is improved and the film performance is improved. The thermoplastic resin film containing a lactone ring-containing polymer as a main component can suppress an increase in retardation even when stretched by mixing other thermoplastic resins, and retains optical isotropy. be able to.
Examples of the stretching method include conventionally known film stretching methods such as a uniaxial stretching method, a sequential biaxial stretching method, and a simultaneous biaxial stretching method.
The stretching temperature is preferably in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature of a resin composition containing a lactone ring-containing polymer as a main component as a film raw material, specifically, preferably (glass transition temperature-30 ° C.) to (glass Transition temperature + 100 ° C.), more preferably in the range of (glass transition temperature−20 ° C.) to (glass transition temperature + 80 ° C.). If the stretching temperature is less than (glass transition temperature-30 ° C.), a sufficient stretching ratio may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the stretching temperature exceeds (glass transition temperature + 100 ° C.), the resin composition may flow, and stable stretching may not be performed.
The draw ratio defined by the area ratio is preferably in the range of 1.1 to 25 times, more preferably 1.3 to 10 times. If the draw ratio is less than 1.1 times, the toughness accompanying the drawing may not be improved. On the other hand, when the draw ratio exceeds 25 times, the effect of increasing the draw ratio may not be recognized.
The stretching speed is unidirectional, preferably 10 to 20,000% / min, more preferably 100 to 10,000% / min. When the stretching speed is less than 10% / min, it takes time to obtain a sufficient stretching ratio, and the production cost may increase. On the other hand, if the stretching speed exceeds 20,000% / min, the stretched film may break.
In addition, the obtained film can be subjected to a heat treatment (annealing) or the like after the stretching treatment in order to stabilize its optical isotropy and mechanical properties. The conditions for the heat treatment may be appropriately selected similarly to the conditions for the heat treatment performed on a conventionally known stretched film, and are not particularly limited.
The thickness of the lactone ring-containing resin film is preferably 5 μm to 250 μm, more preferably 10 to 150 μm. Outside this range, problems such as breakage due to changes in process tension or bending in the machining process are less likely to occur, and handling with a hand or machine in the state of each leaf sheet because it has an appropriate bending strength. Problems such as bending sometimes occur, which is not preferable.
The lactone ring-containing resin film according to the present invention has high transparency, and the visible light transmittance is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, and further preferably 90% or more.
The tensile strength measured based on ASTM-D-882-61T of the lactone ring-containing resin film according to the present invention is preferably 10 MPa or more and less than 100 MPa, more preferably 30 MPa or more and less than 100 MPa. If the tensile strength is less than 10 MPa, sufficient mechanical strength may not be exhibited. On the other hand, if the tensile strength exceeds 100 MPa, the workability may decrease.
The elongation rate measured based on ASTM-D-882-61T of the lactone ring-containing resin film according to the present invention is preferably 1% or more. Although an upper limit is not specifically limited, Usually, 100% or less is preferable. If the elongation is less than 1%, the toughness is insufficient, which is not preferable.
The lactone ring-containing resin film according to the present invention has a tensile elastic modulus measured based on ASTM-D-882-61T, preferably 0.5 GPa or more, more preferably 1 GPa or more, and further preferably 2 GPa or more. Although an upper limit is not specifically limited, Usually, 20 GPa or less is preferable. If it is less than 0.5 GPa, sufficient mechanical strength may not be obtained.
The lactone ring-containing resin film has a surface wetting tension of preferably 40 mN / m or more, more preferably 50 mN / m or more, and further preferably 55 mN / m or more. When the surface wetting tension is at least 40 mN / m or more, the adhesion between the lactone ring-containing resin film and the antiglare layer is further improved. In order to adjust the surface wetting tension, for example, corona discharge treatment, ozone spraying, ultraviolet irradiation, flame treatment, chemical treatment, and other conventionally known surface treatments can be performed.
≪Anti-glare layer≫
The material of the antiglare layer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the surface unevenness can be adjusted to the target range, but the surface unevenness and the ease of adjusting the optical properties, the surface hardness, the coating From the viewpoint of properties, it is preferably made of a resin (binder).
The antiglare layer preferably contains fine particles. Although it is possible to develop sufficient optical characteristics only by surface irregularities, glare may occur in some cases in the case of a completely transparent resin, but glare can be suppressed by using fine particles. Moreover, the refractive index difference between the binder and the fine particles can be used, and the optical characteristics can be adjusted to a more preferable range.
≪Binder (resin) ≫
The antiglare layer according to the present invention is more preferably formed of a curable resin. The curable resin is preferably a transparent one, and specific examples thereof include an ionizing radiation curable resin that is a resin curable by ultraviolet rays or an electron beam, a mixture of an ionizing radiation curable resin and a solvent-drying resin, or Examples of the thermosetting resin include ionizing radiation curable resins.
Specific examples of the ionizing radiation curable resin include those having an acrylate functional group, for example, a polyester resin, polyether resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, alkyd resin, spiroacetal resin, polybutadiene having a relatively low molecular weight. Resin, polythiol polyene resin, oligomers or prepolymers such as (meth) acrylates of polyfunctional compounds such as polyhydric alcohols, and reactive diluents, and specific examples thereof include ethyl (meth) acrylate, ethylhexyl (meta ) Monofunctional monomers such as acrylate, styrene, methylstyrene, N-vinylpyrrolidone and polyfunctional monomers such as polymethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, hexanediol (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol (Meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, etc. Is mentioned.
The resin in the antiglare layer of the present invention includes an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group of titanium, zirconium, aluminum, indium, zinc, tin, and antimony in order to increase the refractive index of the antiglare layer. May be included. In this case, the average particle size is 0. 2 μm or less, preferably 0. 1 μm or less, more preferably 0. You may contain the inorganic filler which is 0 6 micrometer or less.
The amount of these inorganic fillers added is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 20 to 80%, and particularly preferably 30 to 7% of the total solid content of the antiglare layer. 5%. Such filler does not scatter because the particle size is sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of light, and the dispersion in which the filler is dispersed in the binder polymer acts as an optically uniform substance.
The bulk refractive index of the mixture of the binder and the inorganic filler of the antiglare layer of the present invention, that is, the refractive index of the antiglare hard coat layer (matrix thereof) is 1. 48-8. 7 0, more preferably 1. 50 to 1. 65. In order to make a refractive index into the said range, it can carry out by selecting suitably the kind and quantity ratio of a binder and an inorganic filler.
When using an ionizing radiation curable resin as an ultraviolet curable resin, it is preferable to use a photopolymerization initiator. Specific examples of the photopolymerization initiator include acetophenones, benzophenones, Michler benzoylbenzoate, α-amyloxime ester, tetramethylchuram monosulfide, and thioxanthones. Moreover, it is preferable to mix and use a photosensitizer, and specific examples thereof include n-butylamine, triethylamine, poly-n-butylphosphine and the like.
Commercially available products can be used as the photopolymerization initiator, and preferred examples of the photocleavable photoradical polymerization initiator include Irgacure (1 8 4, 9 0 7) manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals. As mentioned. The photopolymerization initiator is used in an amount of 0. It is preferable to use in the range of 1 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably in the range of 3 to 7 parts by mass.
The solvent-drying resin used by mixing with the ionizing radiation curable resin mainly includes a thermoplastic resin. As the thermoplastic resin, those generally exemplified are used. By adding the solvent-drying resin, coating film defects on the coated surface can be effectively prevented. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the material of the transparent substrate is a cellulose resin such as T A C, a preferred specific example of the thermoplastic resin is a cellulose resin such as nitrocellulose, acetylcellulose, cellulose acetate propio. Nate, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and the like. By using the cellulose-based resin, it is possible to improve the adhesion and transparency between the transparent substrate and the antistatic layer (if necessary).
Specific examples of the thermosetting resin include phenol resin, urea resin, diallyl phthalate resin, melanin resin, guanamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, aminoalkyd resin, melamine-urea cocondensation resin, silicon resin. And polysiloxane resin. When a thermosetting resin is used, a curing agent such as a crosslinking agent and a polymerization initiator, a polymerization accelerator, a solvent, a viscosity modifier and the like can be further added as necessary.
≪Fine particles≫
Fine particles can be added to the antiglare layer for the purpose of adjusting optical properties such as haze. The fine particles may be spherical, for example, spherical or elliptical, and preferably spherical.
In the present invention, the average particle size R (μm) of the fine particles is 1.5 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, and preferably the lower limit is 2. 5 μm (preferably 3.0 μm) and the upper limit is 5. It is preferably 0 μm (preferably 4.5 μm). The coefficient of variation in the particle size distribution of the fine particles is preferably within 1.0%.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the refractive indices of the fine particles and the binder or binder matrix are n 1 and n 2, respectively, the formula (III) Δ n = | n 1 −n 2 | <0. An antiglare film satisfying 1 5 (preferably 0.0 5) can be provided.
The fine particles may be inorganic or organic, but those formed of an organic material are preferred. The fine particles exhibit anti-glare properties and are preferably transparent. Specific examples of the fine particles include silica beads for inorganic materials and plastic beads for organic materials. A plastic bead is mentioned, More preferably, what has transparency is mentioned. Specific examples of plastic beads include acrylic beads (refractive index 1.49), styrene beads (refractive index 1.59), melamine beads (refractive index 1.57), acrylic-styrene beads (refractive index 1.54), Examples thereof include polycarbonate beads and polyethylene beads. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, plastic beads having a hydrophobic group on the surface thereof are preferably used, and examples thereof include styrene beads.
≪Formation of antiglare film≫
Although the formation method of the anti-glare film by this invention is shown below, it is not limited to this method and is interpreted. The antiglare layer is a composition obtained by mixing a resin and fine particles in an appropriate solvent, for example, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, M EK, M IB K, and cyclohexanone. May be formed by applying to a transparent substrate.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to add a leveling agent such as fluorine or silicone to the liquid composition. The liquid composition to which the leveling agent is added can effectively prevent inhibition of curing by oxygen on the coating film surface during application or drying, and can impart an effect of scratch resistance.
Examples of a method for applying the liquid composition to the transparent substrate include application methods such as a roll coating method, a Miya bar coating method, and a gravure coating method. After application of the liquid composition, drying and UV curing are performed. Specific examples of the ultraviolet light source include ultrahigh pressure mercury lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, low pressure mercury lamps, carbon arc lamps, black light fluorescent lamps, and metal halide lamp lamps. As the wavelength of the ultraviolet light, a wavelength range of 1 9 0 to 3 8 80 nm can be used. Specific examples of the electron beam source include various types of electron beam accelerators such as a cockcroft-wald type, a bandegraft type, a resonant transformer type, an insulating core transformer type, a linear type, a dynamitron type, and a high frequency type. The resin is cured, and five or more fine particles in the resin aggregate to form a desired uneven shape on the outermost surface of the antiglare layer.
The thickness of the antiglare layer is 0. 5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, preferably the lower limit is 1 μm (preferably 2 μm) or more and the upper limit is 7 μm or less. Therefore, the antiglare film according to the present invention may be formed as a so-called film-like form.
≪Arbitrary layer≫
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an antistatic layer (conductive layer) may be formed between the transparent substrate and the antiglare layer. The antistatic layer (conductive layer) may be formed on the top surface of the antiglare layer.
Specific examples of the formation of the antistatic layer include a method of forming a deposited film by depositing or sputtering a conductive metal or a conductive metal oxide on the upper surface of the antiglare layer, or conductive fine particles dispersed in a resin. The method of forming a coating film by apply | coating a resin composition is mentioned.
≪Antistatic agent≫
When the antistatic layer is formed of a deposited film, a conductive metal or conductive metal oxide such as antimony-doped indium / tin oxide (hereinafter referred to as “A T O”), indium / tin oxide is used as the antistatic agent. (Hereinafter referred to as “ITO”), phosphorus-doped tin oxide, and the like. The thickness of the deposited film as the antistatic layer is from 10 nm to 20 nm, preferably the upper limit is 10 nm, and the lower limit is 50 nm.
The antistatic layer may be formed of a coating liquid containing conductive fine particles as an antistatic agent. Specific examples of the conductive fine particles include conductive fine particles made of a metal, a metal oxide or an organic compound. For example, antimony-doped indium / tin oxide (hereinafter referred to as “A T O”), indium / tin. An oxide (hereinafter referred to as “ITO”), gold and / or nickel surface-treated can be used. The fine particles (inorganic or organic) before such surface treatment can be selected from the group consisting of silica, carbon black, metal particles and resin fine particles.
The addition amount of the conductive fine particles is 5 wt% or more and 70 wt% or less with respect to the total weight of the antistatic layer, preferably the upper limit is 60 wt% or less, and the lower limit is 15 wt% or more. is there. The coating thickness was 0. 0.5 μm (preferably 0.0 3 μm) or more and 2 μm or less, and preferably the lower limit is 0. It is 1 μm or more and the upper limit is 1 μm or less. When the thickness of the coating film is within the above range, the transparency of the antistatic layer can be sufficiently exhibited.
In the present invention, a curable resin is preferably used when coating is performed using conductive fine particles. The curable resin may be the same as that for forming the antiglare layer.
≪Formation of antistatic layer≫
In order to form a coating film as the antistatic layer, a coating liquid containing conductive fine particles contained in a curable resin is applied by a coating method such as a roll coating method, a bar coating method, or a gravure coating method. After application, drying and UV curing are performed.
As a method for curing the ionizing radiation curable resin composition, the ionizing radiation curable resin composition is cured by irradiation with electron beams or ultraviolet rays. In the case of electron beam curing, an electron beam or the like having an energy of 10 0 K e V to 3 0 0 K e V is used. In the case of ultraviolet curing, ultraviolet rays emitted from light such as an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a carbon arc, a xenon arc, and a metal halide lamp are used.
≪Antireflection laminate≫
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a transparent base film, an antiglare layer and a low refractive index layer having a lower refractive index than the antiglare layer are formed in this order on the transparent base film. The anti-reflection laminate is provided, and the anti-reflection laminate may be the same as that in which the transparent substrate and the anti-glare layer constitute the above-described anti-glare film according to the present invention. It is. Therefore, the contents of the transparent base material and the antiglare layer, the method of forming the antiglare layer on the transparent base material, and the like may be the same as described in the above-mentioned section of the antiglare film.
≪Low refractive index layer≫
The low refractive index layer is formed on the surface of the antiglare layer, and the low refractive index layer has a refractive index lower than that of the antiglare layer. According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the refractive index of the antiglare layer is 1. 5 or more, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is 1. Less than 5, preferably 1. What consists of 4 <5> or less is preferable.
Specific examples of the low refractive index layering agent include a silicone-containing vinylidene fluoride copolymer, and examples thereof include 30 to 90% by weight of vinylidene fluoride and 5 to 50% by weight of hexafluoropropylene. A fluorine-containing copolymer having a fluorine content ratio of 60 to 70% by weight obtained by copolymerization of a monomer composition, and a polymerizable compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group, 80 to 15 Examples thereof include a resin composition consisting of parts by weight.
Examples of the fluorine-containing copolymer include a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer composition containing vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene. The proportion of each component in this monomer composition is such that vinylidene fluoride is 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 40 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 70% by weight, or hexafluoropropylene is It is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 15 to 45% by weight. This monomer composition may further contain 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 0 to 35% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 30% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene.
In the monomer composition for obtaining this fluorine-containing copolymer, if necessary, other copolymer components are contained in a range of, for example, 20% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less. It may be. Specific examples of this copolymer include fluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene, 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoroethylene, 3- Polymerization having fluorine atoms such as bromo-3,3-difluoropropylene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, α-trifluoromethacrylic acid, etc. Mention may be made of monomers.
The fluorine-containing ratio of the fluorine-containing copolymer obtained from such a monomer composition is preferably 60 to 70% by weight, more preferably 62 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably 64 to 68. % By weight. When the addition ratio is in such a range, it has good solubility in the solvent described later. Alternatively, by containing a fluorine-containing copolymer as a component, it is possible to form a thin film having excellent adhesion, high transparency, low refractive index, and excellent mechanical strength. .
The fluorine-containing copolymer preferably has a molecular weight of 5 0 00 to 2000 0 0, particularly 1 0 0 0 0 to 1 0 0 0 0 0 in terms of polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight. By using a fluorine-containing copolymer having such a molecular weight, the viscosity of the resulting fluorine-based resin composition becomes a suitable size, and therefore surely has a suitable coating property. It can be.
The refractive index of the fluorine-containing copolymer itself is 1. 4 5 or less, preferably 1. 4 2 or less, more preferably 1. What is 40 or less is preferable. When the refractive index is in this range, the antireflection effect of the formed thin film becomes preferable.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to use “fine particles having voids”. The “fine particles having voids” can reduce the refractive index while maintaining the layer strength of the low refractive index layer. In the present invention, the term “fine particles having voids” means a structure in which a gas is filled with a gas and / or a porous structure containing a gas, and the gas in the fine particle is compared with the original refractive index of the fine particle. It means fine particles whose refractive index decreases in inverse proportion to the occupation ratio. The present invention also includes fine particles capable of forming a nanoporous structure inside and / or at least part of the surface depending on the form, structure, aggregation state, and dispersion state of the fine particles inside the coating film. It is.
As specific examples of the inorganic fine particles having voids, silica fine particles prepared by using the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 1-2 3 3 6 1 1 are preferably mentioned. Since the silica fine particles having voids are easy to manufacture and have high hardness, when the low refractive index layer is formed by mixing with a binder, the layer strength is improved and the refractive index is 1. 2 0 to 1. It is possible to prepare within the range of about 45. In particular, specific examples of the organic fine particles having voids preferably include hollow polymer fine particles prepared by using the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 02-8 0 5 0 3.
The fine particles capable of forming a nanoporous structure inside and / or at least a part of the surface of the coating are manufactured for the purpose of increasing the specific surface area in addition to the silica fine particles described above. Examples include controlled release materials that adsorb various chemical substances in the mass part, porous fine particles used for catalyst fixation, or dispersions and aggregates of hollow fine particles intended to be incorporated into heat insulating materials and low dielectric materials. it can. As such a specific example, an aggregate of porous silica fine particles from the product names Nipsi and Nipgel manufactured by Nippon Silica Kogyo Co., Ltd. as a commercial product, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. From the colloidal silica UP series (trade name) having a structure in which manufactured silica fine particles are connected in a chain shape, those within the preferred particle diameter range of the present invention can be used.
The average particle diameter of the “fine particles having voids” is 5 nm or more and 30 00 nm or less, preferably the lower limit is 8 nm or more, and the upper limit is 100 nm or less, more preferably the lower limit. Is 10 0 nm or more and the upper limit is 8 0 nm or less. When the average particle diameter of the fine particles is within this range, excellent transparency can be imparted to the low refractive index layer.
≪Formation of low refractive index layer≫
Fluorine-containing copolymer and resin are polymerized by irradiating active energy rays in the presence of a photopolymerization initiator, if necessary, or by heating in the presence of a thermal polymerization initiator. Can be formed. The resin used may be the same as described for the antiglare layer.
The amount of the resin added is 30 to 150 parts by weight, preferably 35 to 100 parts by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 70 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the fluorine-containing copolymer. is there. Moreover, it is preferable that the fluorine-containing ratio in the total amount of the polymer forming component containing a fluorine-containing copolymer and a resin is 30 to 55% by weight, preferably 35 to 50% by weight.
When the addition amount or the fluorine content is within the above-described range, the low refractive index layer has good adhesion to the substrate, and can have a high refractive index and a good antireflection effect. Become.
In forming the low refractive index layer, an appropriate solvent can be used as necessary to obtain a coating property that is preferable for the resin composition. 5-5 c ps (25 ° C.), preferably 0. It is preferable to set it as the thing of the range of 7-3cps (25 degreeC). An antireflection film excellent in visible light can be realized, a uniform thin film with no coating unevenness can be formed, and a low refractive index layer particularly excellent in adhesion to a substrate can be formed.
The resin curing means may be the same as described in the section of the antiglare layer. When a heating means is used for the curing treatment, it is preferable to add a thermal polymerization initiator that generates, for example, a radical by heating to start polymerization of the polymerizable compound, to the fluororesin composition.
The thickness of the low refractive index layer is 2 0 nm or more and 8 0 0 nm or less, preferably the upper limit is 4 0 0 nm or less, and the lower limit is 5 0 nm or more.
In the present invention, the film thickness (n m) d A of the low refractive index layer is the formula: d A = m λ / (4 n A) (where n A is the refractive index of the low refractive index layer. M is a positive odd number, usually 1, λ is a wavelength, and represents a value in the range of 4 8 0 to 5 8 0 nm.
In the present invention, the low refractive index layer preferably satisfies the formula: 12 0 <n Ad d <1 4 5 from the viewpoint of low reflectivity.
≪Conductivity impartment≫
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide an antireflection laminate in which electroconductive fine particles are added to the antiglare layer and the outermost surface of the antireflection laminate is provided with electroconductivity. The conductive fine particles and the addition method thereof may be the same as those described in the previous section of the antistatic layer.
≪Image display device≫
According to still another aspect of the present invention, an image display device can be provided, and the image display device includes a transmissive display body and a light source device that irradiates the transmissive display body from the back. The antiglare film according to the present invention, the antireflection laminate according to the present invention, or the polarizing plate according to the present invention is formed on the surface of the transmissive display body. The image display device according to the present invention may basically be composed of a light source device (backlight), a display element, and an antiglare film according to the present invention, preferably a light source device, a display element, and antireflection according to the present invention. You may be comprised with a laminated body. Further, as an example of the image display device according to the present invention, it may be formed from the backlight side as a light source device, a polarizing element, a transparent substrate, an image display element, a polarizing plate according to the present invention, and an antireflection laminate according to the present invention. .
When the image display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display device, the light source of the light source device is irradiated from the lower side of the antireflection laminate. Note that in the STN type liquid crystal display device, a retardation plate may be inserted between the liquid crystal display element and the polarizing plate. An adhesive layer may be provided between the layers of the liquid crystal display device as necessary.
The antiglare film according to the present invention, when used as one side of the surface protective film of the polarizing film, is twisted nematic (T N), super twisted nematic (S T N), vertical alignment (V A), in-plane switching ( It can be preferably used for a transmissive, reflective, or transflective liquid crystal display device in a mode such as IPS) or optically compensated bend cell (OCB).
As a constituent material of the antiglare film, the antireflection laminate and the polarizing plate according to the present invention, the image display device is used for a transmissive display device. In particular, it is used for display displays of televisions, computers, word processors and the like. In particular, the present invention can be applied to an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device (LCD), a plasma display panel (PDP), an electroluminescence display (ELD), or a cathode ray tube display device (CRT). . Since the antiglare film according to the present invention has a transparent substrate, the substrate side may be adhered to the image display surface of the image display device.
≪Evaluation method≫
<Particle size of fine particles>
Measurement was performed using a Coulter Multisizer (manufactured by Beckman Coulter).
After weighing 0.5 g of particles into a 100 cc flask and adding 40 g of carbon disulfide, the mixture was sufficiently stirred at room temperature with a magnetic stirrer to prepare a mixed solution. When ethanol is added dropwise to the mixed solution with a pipette, the initially cloudy liquid gradually becomes transparent. The point judged to be transparent by visual inspection is defined as the end point. A mixed solvent corresponding to the weight ratio of carbon disulfide and ethanol in the particle dispersion at the end point was separately prepared, and the refractive index of the mixed solvent was measured with an Abbe refractometer (manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.). Is the refractive index of the particles.
<Maximum film thickness of anti-glare layer (Z)>
Based on JIS B0601, it measured using the laser microscope (VK-9710, the Keyence company make).
<Average interval of unevenness (Sm)>
<Arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra)>
<Total light transmittance, haze>
Based on JIS K7105, it measured using the haze meter (NDH2000, Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. product).
Based on JIS K7105, the glossiness at 60 degrees was measured using a gloss meter (VG2000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.).
<Transparent definition>
Each optical comb is passed through optical combs having widths of 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.125 mm by a image clarity tester (ICM-1T, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JIS K7105. The transmission sharpness corresponding to 1 was measured, and the sum of the five values was determined as the transmission sharpness (maximum value 500).
Evaluation standard ○: 150 or more ×: smaller than 150
<Reflection sharpness>
In accordance with JIS K7105, reflection corresponding to each optical comb is passed through optical combs having a width of 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.25 mm by an image clarity tester (ICM-1T, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.). The sharpness (60 °) was measured, and the sum of the values of the four points was determined as the reflection sharpness (maximum value 400).
Evaluation criteria ○: 80 or less ×: greater than 80
A test was performed using a super accelerated weathering tester manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd., and evaluation was performed based on the amount of change from the initial value of Δb * value after 100 hours under the condition of 100 mW / cm 2.
○: Change amount is less than 5.0% ×: Change amount is 5.0% or more
The antiglare film (70 mm × 70 mm) was immersed in methanol for 10 minutes, and then the film taken out was evaluated visually.
○: Not dissolved at all ×: Completely or partially dissolved
A pencil scratch test was performed in accordance with JIS K5600-5-4, and the scratch was evaluated.
<Film surface potential>
Under an environment of 23 ° C. and 50% RH, the anti-glare films were rubbed together 10 times and measured using a surface potentiometer (FMX-003, manufactured by SIMCO).
Evaluation criteria ○: Less than 3 kV Δ: 3 kV or more, 5 kV or less ×: More than 5 kV
≪Example of fine particle synthesis≫
In a four-necked flask equipped with a synthetic cooling tube, a thermometer, and a dripping port for polymer seed particles (K-1), 90 g of ion-exchanged water, 10 g of styrene, 0.5 g of n-decyl mercaptan, and 0.1 g of NaCl are added. Nitrogen was passed for 1 hour to replace the nitrogen in the reactor. Thereafter, the temperature of the reaction solution was raised to 70 ° C., and then 0.1 g of potassium persulfate dissolved in a small amount of ion-exchanged water was poured into the reaction system using a syringe. Thereafter, the reaction was carried out at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the obtained emulsion was subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the obtained cake was washed with ion-exchanged water and then with methanol. When the particle diameter of the obtained polymer seed particles (K-1) was measured by a Coulter Multisizer (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.), the average particle diameter was 0.7 μm and the coefficient of variation was 0.9%.
In a four-necked flask equipped with a synthetic condenser tube of resin fine particles (S-1), a thermometer, and a dripping port, 0.5 g of polymer seed particles (K-1), 50 g of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 g of sodium lauryl sulfate Was added to uniformly disperse, and 20 g of a 3% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was added to obtain a polymer seed particle dispersion. Next, styrene 2.88 g, methyl methacrylate 1.62 g, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate 0.50 g, and benzoyl peroxide 0.25 g were dissolved in a solution obtained by dissolving 0.1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate as an emulsifier with 50 g of ion-exchanged water. The solution was added, the monomer emulsion was adjusted with a homogenizer, and the obtained monomer emulsion was added to the emulsion of the polymer seed particles, followed by further stirring. Next, the reaction solution was heated to 70 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and held at 70 ° C. for 24 hours to perform radical polymerization of the monomer. After radical polymerization, the obtained emulsion was subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the resulting cake was washed with ion-exchanged water and then with methanol, and further vacuum dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain resin fine particles (S-1). It was. The average particle diameter of the resin fine particles (S-1) is 3.4 μm, the coefficient of variation is 0.7%, and the refractive index is 1.564.
In a four-necked flask equipped with a synthetic condenser tube of resin fine particles (S-2), a thermometer, and a dripping port, 0.5 g of polymer seed particles (K-1), 50 g of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 g of sodium lauryl sulfate Was added to uniformly disperse, and 20 g of a 3% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was added to obtain a polymer seed particle dispersion. Next, 2.34 g of styrene, 2.16 g of methyl methacrylate, 0.50 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 0.25 g of benzoyl peroxide were dissolved in a solution obtained by dissolving 0.1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate as an emulsifier with 50 g of ion-exchanged water. The solution was added, the monomer emulsion was adjusted with a homogenizer, and the obtained monomer emulsion was added to the emulsion of the polymer seed particles, followed by further stirring. Next, the reaction solution was heated to 70 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and held at 70 ° C. for 24 hours to perform radical polymerization of the monomer. After radical polymerization, the obtained emulsion was subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the obtained cake was washed with ion-exchanged water and then with methanol, and further vacuum-dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain resin fine particles (S-2). It was. The average particle diameter of the resin fine particles (S-2) is 3.4 μm, the coefficient of variation is 0.8%, and the refractive index is 1.552.
Polymer seed particles (K-1) 0.5 g, ion-exchanged water 50 g, sodium lauryl sulfate 0.05 g in a four-necked flask equipped with a synthetic condenser tube of resin fine particles (S-3), a thermometer, and a dripping port Was added to uniformly disperse, and 20 g of a 3% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was added to obtain a polymer seed particle dispersion. Subsequently, 1.80 g of styrene, 2.70 g of methyl methacrylate, 0.50 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 0.25 g of benzoyl peroxide were dissolved in a solution obtained by dissolving 0.1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate as an emulsifier with 50 g of ion-exchanged water. The solution was added, the monomer emulsion was adjusted with a homogenizer, and the obtained monomer emulsion was added to the emulsion of the polymer seed particles, followed by further stirring. Next, the reaction solution was heated to 70 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and held at 70 ° C. for 24 hours to perform radical polymerization of the monomer. After radical polymerization, the obtained emulsion was separated into solid and liquid, and the resulting cake was washed with ion-exchanged water and then with methanol, and further dried under vacuum at 80 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain resin fine particles (S-3). It was. The resin fine particles (S-3) have an average particle size of 3.4 μm, a coefficient of variation of 0.8%, and a refractive index of 1.540.
In a four-necked flask equipped with a synthetic condenser tube of resin fine particles (S-4), a thermometer, and a dripping port, 0.5 g of polymer seed particles (K-1), 50 g of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 g of sodium lauryl sulfate Was added to uniformly disperse, and 20 g of a 3% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was added to obtain a polymer seed particle dispersion. Next, 2.47 g of styrene, 1.65 g of methyl methacrylate, 0.46 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 0.23 g of benzoyl peroxide were dissolved in a solution obtained by dissolving 0.1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate as an emulsifier with 50 g of ion-exchanged water. The solution was added, the monomer emulsion was adjusted with a homogenizer, and the obtained monomer emulsion was added to the emulsion of the polymer seed particles, followed by further stirring. Next, the reaction solution was heated to 70 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and held at 70 ° C. for 24 hours to perform radical polymerization of the monomer. After radical polymerization, the obtained emulsion was subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the resulting cake was washed with ion-exchanged water and then with methanol, and further vacuum dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain resin fine particles (S-4). It was. The average particle diameter of the resin fine particles (S-4) is 3.3 μm, the coefficient of variation is 0.8%, and the refractive index is 1.560.
Synthetic condenser tube of resin fine particles (S-5), thermometer, four-necked flask equipped with dropping port, polymer seed particles (K-1) 0.5 g, ion-exchanged water 50 g, sodium lauryl sulfate 0.05 g Was added to uniformly disperse, and 20 g of a 3% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was added to obtain a polymer seed particle dispersion. Next, 3.29 g of styrene, 1.62 g of methyl methacrylate, 0.55 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 0.27 g of benzoyl peroxide were dissolved in a solution obtained by dissolving 0.1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate as an emulsifier with 50 g of ion-exchanged water. The solution was added, the monomer emulsion was adjusted with a homogenizer, and the obtained monomer emulsion was added to the emulsion of the polymer seed particles, followed by further stirring. Next, the reaction solution was heated to 70 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and held at 70 ° C. for 24 hours to perform radical polymerization of the monomer. After radical polymerization, the obtained emulsion was separated into solid and liquid, and the resulting cake was washed with ion-exchanged water and then with methanol, and further vacuum dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain resin fine particles (S-5). It was. The average particle diameter of the resin fine particles (S-5) is 3.5 μm, the coefficient of variation is 0.9%, and the refractive index is 1.567.
<< Preparation of coating composition >>
20.3 g of Kaylad DPHA (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., cured film refractive index 1.5 3) which is an ultraviolet curable resin, and Irgacure 184 (manufactured by Ciba Ciba Specialty Chemicals) which is a photopolymerization initiator 6 g, 4.1 g of (S-1), 52.5 g of toluene, and 22.5 g of cyclohexanone were sufficiently mixed to prepare a coating solution. This coating solution was filtered through a polypropylene filter having a pore size of 30 μm to prepare a coating composition (C-1).
A coating composition (C-2) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-1) except that the amount of each component was changed to the amount shown in Table 1.
A coating composition (C-3) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-1) except that the amount of each component was changed to the amount shown in Table 1.
5.1 g of Kayrad DPHA which is an ultraviolet curable resin, 15.2 g of light acrylate PE-3A (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., cured film refractive index 1.52), 0.6 g of Irgacure 184 which is a photopolymerization initiator, 4.1 g of (S-1), 52.5 g of toluene, and 22.5 g of cyclohexanone were sufficiently mixed to prepare a coating solution. This coating solution was filtered through a polypropylene filter having a pore size of 30 μm to prepare a coating composition (C-4).
A coating composition (C-5) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-1) except that light acrylate PE-3A was used instead of Kayalad DPHA as an ultraviolet curable resin.
Except for using Kayarad UX-5001T (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., cured film refractive index 1.5 5) instead of Kayarad DPHA as an ultraviolet curable resin, the same as in the coating composition (C-1), A coating composition (C-6) was obtained.
Except for using Kayarad UX-5000 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., cured film refractive index 1.5 4) instead of Kayarad DPHA as an ultraviolet curable resin, the same as the coating composition (C-1), A coating composition (C-7) was obtained.
A coating composition (C-8) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-1) except that (S-2) was used instead of (S-1) as the fine particles.
A coating composition (C-9) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-1) except that (S-3) was used instead of (S-1) as the fine particles.
[Preparation Example 10]
A coating composition (C-10) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-9) except that light acrylate PE-3A was used instead of Kayalad DPHA as an ultraviolet curable resin.
[Preparation Example 11]
A coating composition (C-11) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-9) except that Kayalad UX-5000 was used instead of Kayarad DPHA as an ultraviolet curable resin.
[Preparation Example 13]
A coating composition (C-13) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-1) except that (S-5) was used instead of (S-1) as the fine particles.
[Preparation Example 14]
A coating composition (C-14) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-1) except that the amount of each component was changed to the amount shown in Table 1.
[Preparation Example 15]
A coating composition (C-15) was obtained in the same manner as the coating composition (C-4) except that the amount of each component was changed to the amount shown in Table 1.
[Preparation Example 16]
The same procedure as in the coating composition (C-1) except that New Frontier R-2402 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., cured film refractive index: 1.52) was used as the UV curable resin instead of Kayala DPHA. Coating composition (C-16) was obtained.
[Preparation Example 17]
Coating was carried out in the same manner as in the coating composition (C-1) except that Kayrad DPHA-40H (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., cured film refractive index 1.53) was used as the UV curable resin instead of Kayald DPHA. A composition (C-17) was obtained.
≪Preparation of lactone ring-containing resin film≫
Next, production examples of the lactone ring-containing resin film will be described.
First, an evaluation method of a lactone ring-containing resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “lactone ring-containing polymer”) will be described.
<Polymerization reaction rate, polymer composition analysis>
For the reaction rate during the polymerization reaction and the content of the specific monomer unit in the polymer, the amount of unreacted monomer in the obtained polymerization reaction mixture was measured using a gas chromatograph (GC17A, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). It was obtained by measuring using.
The polymer (or polymer solution or pellet) is once dissolved or diluted in tetrahydrofuran, poured into excess hexane or methanol for reprecipitation, and the taken out precipitate is vacuum dried (1 mmHg (1.33 hPa), 80 ° C. Volatile components and the like were removed by conducting the reaction for 3 hours or more, and the obtained white solid resin was analyzed by the following method (dynamic TG method).
Measuring apparatus: differential type differential thermal balance (Thermo Plus2 TG-8120 Dynamic TG, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation)
Measurement conditions: Sample amount 5 to 10 mg
Temperature increase rate: 10 ° C / min
Atmosphere: Nitrogen flow 100 mL / min
Method: Step-like isothermal control method (controlled to a mass reduction rate of 0.005% / sec or less in the range from 60 ° C to 500 ° C)
<Containing ratio of lactone ring structure>
First, based on the amount of mass reduction that occurs when all hydroxyl groups are dealcoholated as methanol from the obtained polymer composition, 300 before the start of decomposition of the polymer from 150 ° C. before the mass reduction starts in dynamic TG measurement. The dealcoholization reaction rate was determined from the mass reduction due to the dealcoholization reaction up to ° C.
That is, in the dynamic TG measurement of the polymer having a lactone ring structure, the mass reduction rate between 150 ° C. and 300 ° C. is measured, and the obtained actual measurement value is defined as the actual mass reduction rate (X). On the other hand, from the composition of the polymer, the mass loss rate when assuming that all the hydroxyl groups contained in the polymer composition become alcohols and dealcoholized because they are involved in the formation of lactone rings (that is, 100% on the composition) The mass reduction rate calculated assuming that the dealcoholization reaction has occurred is defined as the theoretical mass reduction rate (Y). The theoretical mass reduction rate (Y) is more specifically the molar ratio of raw material monomers having a structure (hydroxyl group) involved in the dealcoholization reaction in the polymer, that is, the raw material single amount in the polymer composition. It can be calculated from the body content. These values are calculated for the dealcoholization:
1- (actual mass reduction rate (X) / theoretical mass reduction rate (Y))
Substituting for, the value is obtained and expressed in percentage (%), the dealcoholization reaction rate is obtained.
As an example, the content ratio of the lactone ring structure is calculated in the pellet obtained in Production Example 1 described later. When the theoretical mass reduction rate (Y) of this polymer is obtained, the molecular weight of methanol is 32, the molecular weight of methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate is 116, and 2- (hydroxymethyl) in the polymer is ) Since the content (mass ratio) of methyl acrylate is 20.0 mass% in terms of composition, (32/116) × 20.0≈5.52 mass%. On the other hand, the actual mass reduction rate (X) by dynamic TG measurement was 0.34% by mass. When these values are applied to the above-described dealcoholization calculation formula, 1− (0.34 / 5.52) ≈0.938 is obtained, and the dealcoholization reaction rate is 93.8%.
And the content (mass ratio) in the said copolymer composition of the raw material monomer which has the structure (hydroxyl group) concerned in lactone cyclization as what the predetermined lactone cyclization was performed by this dealcoholization reaction rate The content rate of the lactone ring structure in the copolymer can be calculated by multiplying the reaction rate by the dealcoholization reaction rate and converting it to the content rate (mass ratio) of the lactone ring structure. In the case of the production example described later, 2- (hydroxymethyl) methyl acrylate has a content of 20.0% by mass in the copolymer, a calculated dealcoholization reaction rate of 93.8%, and a molecular weight of 116- ( Since the formula amount of the lactone ring structure produced when hydroxymethyl) methyl acrylate is condensed with methyl methacrylate is 170, the content of the lactone ring structure in the copolymer is 27.5 (20.0 × 0.938 × 170/116) mass%.
<Weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight>
The weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of the polymer were determined in terms of polystyrene using a gel permeation chromatograph (GPC system, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).
The thermal analysis of the polymer was performed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC-8230, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) under the conditions of about 10 mg of sample, a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, and a nitrogen flow of 50 mL / min. In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was calculated | required by the midpoint method based on ASTM-D-3418.
≪Production Example 1≫
(Production Example of Lactone Ring-Containing Resin Film (F-1))
First, in a reaction vessel having a capacity of 30 L equipped with a stirrer, a temperature sensor, a cooling pipe, and a nitrogen gas introduction pipe, 8 kg of methyl methacrylate, 2 kg of methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, 10 kg of methyl isobutyl ketone, n-dodecyl mercaptan 5 g was charged.
While introducing nitrogen gas into the reaction vessel, the temperature was raised to 105 ° C. and refluxed. As a polymerization initiator, 5 g of t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate (Kaya-Carbon BIC-75, manufactured by Kayaku Akzo Co., Ltd.) was added. At the same time as the addition, a solution prepared by dissolving 10 g of t-butylperoxyisopropyl carbonate (Kaya-Carbon BIC-75, manufactured by Kayaku Akzo Co., Ltd.) in 230 g of methyl isobutyl ketone was added dropwise over a period of 2 hours. Solution polymerization was performed at 120 ° C., and further aging was performed for 4 hours.
To the obtained polymer solution, 30 g of stearyl phosphate / distearyl phosphate mixture (Phoslex A-18, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added and cyclized at about 90 to 120 ° C. for 5 hours under reflux. A condensation reaction was performed. Next, the obtained polymer solution was a vent type screw twin screw extruder having a barrel temperature of 260 ° C., a rotation speed of 100 rpm, a degree of vacuum of 13.3 to 400 hPa (10 to 300 mmHg), a rear vent number of 1, and a forevent number of 4. (Φ = 29.75 mm, L / D = 30), introduced at a processing rate of 2.0 kg / h in terms of resin amount, and further subjected to cyclization condensation reaction and devolatilization in this extruder and extruded. A transparent pellet of the lactone ring-containing polymer was obtained.
The obtained lactone ring-containing polymer was measured for dynamic TG, and a mass loss of 0.34% by mass was detected. The lactone ring-containing polymer had a weight average molecular weight of 144,000 and a glass transition temperature of 131 ° C.
The lactone ring-containing polymer pellets were melt-extruded from a coat hanger type T die having a width of 150 mm using a twin-screw extruder having a 20 mmφ screw to obtain a lactone ring-containing resin film (F-1) having a thickness of about 100 μm. ) Was prepared.
≪Production Example 2≫
(Production Example of Lactone Ring-Containing Resin Film (F-2) Provided with UV Absorption Capability)
1. In a 30 L reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer, temperature sensor, cooling pipe and nitrogen introduction pipe, 41.5 parts of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 6 parts of methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate (MHMA), 5 parts 2- [2′-hydroxy-5′-methacryloyloxy] ethylphenyl] -2H-benzotriazole (Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: RUVA-93), 50 parts toluene, 0.025 part Adeka Stub 2112 (manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 0.025 part of n-dodecyl mercaptan was charged, and the temperature was raised to 105 ° C. while refluxing nitrogen. At the same time as t-amyl peroxy isononanoate (manufactured by Atofina Yoshitomi Corp., trade name: Lupazole 570) was added, 0.10 parts of t-amyl peroxy Dropwise over 3 hours Sononanoeto perform solution polymerization under reflux (about devices 105 through 110 ° C.), the mixture was aged over an additional 4 hours.
To the obtained polymer solution, 0.05 part of 2-ethylhexyl phosphate (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Phoslex A-8) was added and refluxed (about 90 to 110 ° C.) for 2 hours. A cyclization condensation reaction was performed. Subsequently, a heat treatment was carried out at 240 ° C. for 30 minutes by an autoclave to complete the cyclization condensation reaction.
Subsequently, the polymer solution obtained by the cyclization condensation reaction was prepared by adding a barrel temperature of 240 ° C., a rotation speed of 100 rpm, a degree of vacuum of 13.3 to 400 hPa (10 to 300 mmHg), a rear vent number of 1, and a forevent number of 4 (upstream). From the side, referred to as the first, second, third and fourth vents) vent type screw twin screw extruder (φ = 29.75 mm, L / D = 30) It was introduced at a treatment rate and devolatilized. At that time, separately prepared antioxidant / deactivator mixed solution was injected at a charging rate of 0.03 kg / hour using a high-pressure pump after the first vent. Moreover, it inject | poured with the injection | throwing-in speed | rate of 0.05 kg / hour of the ultraviolet absorber solution prepared separately after the 2nd vent. Further, after the third vent, ion exchange water was injected at a charging rate of 0.01 kg / hour using a high pressure pump. The antioxidant / deactivator mixed solution is 50 parts of Sumilizer GS (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 35 parts of zinc octylate (3.6% Nikka octix zinc manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in 200 parts of toluene. It is dissolved. The UV absorber solution is a CGL777MPA (Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.), which has a hydroxyphenyl triazine skeleton with a UV absorber having a molecular weight of 954 as a main component (a mixture of UV absorbers having a molecular weight of 771, 954 and 1138). Ingredient 80%) 19 parts dissolved in 31 parts toluene.
By the devolatilization operation, a transparent thermoplastic resin composition pellet having a UV-absorbing monomer unit was obtained. The weight average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene of the resin part by GPC was 145000, and the glass transition temperature was 122 ° C.
Using the above resin, extrusion was performed under the following conditions using a single screw extruder having a cylinder diameter of 20 mm at an extrusion temperature of 270 ° C. to obtain a lactone ring-containing resin film (F-2) having a thickness of 100 μm. (T-die: temperature 270 ° C., width 120 mm, film formation: two rolls with gloss, roll temperature 110 ° C., take-off speed: 2.5 m / min).
≪Evaluation of anti-glare film≫
The prepared coating composition (C-1) was applied to a lactone ring-containing resin film (F-1) using a bar coater. After the coating layer is dried at 100 ° C. for 2 minutes, a concavo-convex layer is formed and cured by irradiating 250 mJ / cm 2 of ultraviolet light with a high-pressure mercury lamp under a nitrogen purge (oxygen concentration of 1000 ppm or less) to form an antiglare layer did. About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
Except for using the coating composition (C-2) instead of the coating composition (C-1) and using the lactone ring-containing resin film (F-2) as the base film, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed. An antiglare film was obtained. About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-2) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-3) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-4) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-5) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-6) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-7) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-8) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
[ Reference Example 10]
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a triacetyl cellulose film (TD-80U, manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) was used instead of the lactone ring-containing resin film (F-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3 .
[ Reference Example 11]
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8, except that a cycloolefin polymer film (Zeonor, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) was used instead of the lactone ring-containing resin film (F-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3 .
[ Reference Example 12]
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that a weather-resistant PET film (HBPF8W, manufactured by Teijin DuPont) was used instead of the lactone ring-containing resin film (F-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3 .
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-9) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-10) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-11) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-12) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-13) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-14) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-15) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-16) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating composition (C-17) was used instead of the coating composition (C-1). About the obtained anti-glare film, anti-glare layer maximum film thickness (Z), unevenness interval (Sm), arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra), total light transmittance, haze, gloss (60 °), transmission clarity The reflection sharpness, weather resistance, solvent resistance, pencil hardness and film surface potential were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
Table 1 Composition formulation of Examples
Table 2 Composition formulation of comparative example
Table 3 Example specifications and evaluation results
Table 4 Comparative example specifications and evaluation results
The anti-glare film of the present invention has excellent anti-glare properties, image sharpness, high definition, high haze, weather resistance, surface hardness, workability and safety during film production and processing even when used in high-definition displays. Are higher than conventional ones, and can fully exhibit characteristics according to various optical applications. For example, anti-glare, light, etc. for flat panel displays such as liquid crystal display devices, plasma displays, and organic EL display devices. Suitable for optical applications that impart diffusibility
An antiglare film comprising a transparent substrate film and an antiglare layer provided on the transparent substrate film,
The transparent substrate film is a resin film having a ring structure in the main chain, and the ring structure is any of a lactone ring, an N-substituted maleimide ring, a maleic anhydride ring and an N-substituted methacrylimide ring,
The antiglare layer comprises fine particles made of a resin and having a spherical shape,
The average particle diameter R 1 of the fine particles is 1.5 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, and the variation coefficient of the particle size distribution of the fine particles is within 1.0%;
The arithmetic average roughness Ra (μm) of the surface of the antiglare layer and the average interval Sm (μm) of the surface irregularities are the formulas (I) 5 ≦ Sm ≦ 20 and (II) −0.03Sm + 0.65 ≦ Ra ≦ -0.01Sm + 0.65 is satisfied at the same time,
An antiglare film having optical properties of total light transmittance of 85% or more, haze of 3.0 to 35%, and 60 degree gloss of 90 to 170%.
The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the transparent substrate film is a lactone ring-containing resin film having a lactone ring represented by the following general formula (1) in the main chain.
[Wherein, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; the organic residue may contain an oxygen atom]
The antiglare film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fine particles are formed of an organic material.
The anti-glare film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resin is an ionizing radiation curable resin.
3. The prevention according to claim 1, wherein the formula (III) n = | n1−n2 | <0.15 is satisfied when the refractive indexes of the fine particles and the resin are n1 and n2, respectively. Dazzle film.
The anti-glare film as described in any one of Claims 1-5 formed as a film-form form.
It is an image display apparatus provided with a transmissive display body and a light source device that irradiates the transmissive display body from the back, and the surface of the transmissive display body is any one of claims 1 to 6. an image display device including an antiglare film according.
JP2009080733A 2009-03-29 2009-03-29 Antiglare laminate Active JP5414324B2 (en)
JP2009080733A JP5414324B2 (en) 2009-03-29 2009-03-29 Antiglare laminate
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JP2009080733A Active JP5414324B2 (en) 2009-03-29 2009-03-29 Antiglare laminate
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