Source: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/910/164/463368/
Timestamp: 2019-10-15 14:24:51
Document Index: 420690897

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 846', '§ 1952', '§ 846', '§ 846', '§ 3551', '§ 3583', '§ 843', '§ 3559', '§ 3583', '§ 3742', '§ 3583']

United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Peter Kim Van Nymegen, Defendant-appellant, 910 F.2d 164 (5th Cir. 1990) :: Justia
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Fifth Circuit › 1990 › United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Peter Kim Van Nymegen, Defendant-appellant
United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Peter Kim Van Nymegen, Defendant-appellant, 910 F.2d 164 (5th Cir. 1990)
US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit - 910 F.2d 164 (5th Cir. 1990)
On February 9, 1988, Van Nymegen and five others were indicted for conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute in excess of 1,000 kilograms of marijuana, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a) (1) and 841(b) (1) (A). On February 23, 1988, a six-count superseding indictment was filed, also charging the defendants with travel in interstate commerce to promote unlawful activity in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1952(a) (3). Van Nymegen was named in the conspiracy count and two of the travel counts.
On May 2, 1988, Van Nymegen filed a waiver of indictment in open court; and the government filed a superseding criminal information to which Van Nymegen pleaded guilty. The criminal information contained one count, naming Van Nymegen and four others and charging a conspiracy from October 1, 1987, to on or about February 6, 1988, to possess with intent to distribute more than 100 kilograms of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a) (1) and 841(b) (1) (B).
Van Nymegen contends that the five year supervised release does not apply to 21 U.S.C. § 846 because that provision did not authorize punishment other than by fine or imprisonment; that because Sec. 846 was not amended until November 18, 1988, and the Guidelines do not authorize punishment outside the range provided by statute, the supervised release should not have been imposed.
Pub. L. No. 91-513, Title II, Sec. 406, Oct. 27, 1970, 87 Stat. 1265. Subsequent to the commission of the offense, and effective November 18, 1988, Sec. 846 was amended to read as follows:
Pub. L. No. 100-690, Title VI, Sec. 6470(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4377.
Van Nymegen relies on Bifulco v. United States, 447 U.S. 381, 100 S. Ct. 2247, 65 L. Ed. 2d 205 (1980), where the Supreme Court held that Sec. 846 authorized only punishment by fine or imprisonment and did not authorize special parole terms. Because Congress did not amend Sec. 846 until November 18, 1988, Van Nymegen contends that Sec. 846 authorized punishment only by fine or imprisonment, and that therefore, under Bifulco, he could not receive supervised release.
Although Sec. 846 did not provide for a term of special parole, Van Nymegen fails to recognize both that supervised release is not the equivalent of special parole and that the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. No. 98-473 (codified as amended at 18 U.S.C. § 3551 et seq. (1985 and Supp.1990)), is the source for the authority to impose supervised release in this instance. Authority for the imposition of supervised release for Van Nymegen's drug conspiracy conviction is found in 18 U.S.C. § 3583. Subsection (a) provides:
Except as otherwise provided, the authorized terms of supervised release are--(1) for a Class A or Class B felony, not more than five years....
Section 3583 became effective on November 1, 1987.1 Van Nymegen's conspiracy continued until February 6, 1988, and therefore occurred in part after the effective date of the provision. See United States v. Boyd, 885 F.2d 246, 248 (5th Cir. 1989), where the court held that the Guidelines applied to a drug conspiracy conviction for which the conspiracy had begun prior to the effective date of the Guidelines (November 1, 1987), but continued beyond that date. The analysis in Boyd applies here as well.2 See also United States v. White, 869 F.2d 822, 826 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 109 S. Ct. 3172, 104 L. Ed. 2d 1033 (1989).
As quoted earlier, imposition of a term of supervised release under Sec. 3583(a) is discretionary with the district court unless the offense of conviction is one where a term of supervised release is required by statute. Subsection (b) of Sec. 3583 limits the length of time of supervised release that can be imposed according to the classification of the offense of conviction.
Id. at 1018 (quoting H.R.Rep. No. 98-1030, 98 Cong., 2nd Sess. 124, reprinted in 1984 U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News, 3182, 3307). "The addition of a period of supervised release to a maximum jail sentence does not extend a party's imprisonment; therefore, it cannot create a violation of the maximum prison sentence allowed by statute." Id. See also United States v. Chapa, 904 F.2d 704 (5th Cir. 1990) (unpublished), which upheld imposition of supervised release for an offense under 21 U.S.C. § 843(b).
The maximum sentence authorized under former Sec. 846 was the same as that authorized for the underlying offense, Sec. 841(b) (1) (B)--40 years. If the maximum imprisonment authorized by the statute is 25 years or more, the offense is classified under 18 U.S.C. § 3559(a) (2) as a Class B felony. The authorized term of supervised release for a Class B felony, according to the earlier quoted provisions of 18 U.S.C. § 3583(b) is not more than five years. Therefore, the five year term of supervised release imposed by the district court was authorized by law. Butler, 895 F.2d at 1018.
We uphold a sentence unless it is "imposed in violation of the law [or] ... as a result of an incorrect application of the sentencing guidelines [or is] outside the applicable guideline range, and is unreasonable...." 18 U.S.C. § 3742(f); United States v. Hewin, 877 F.2d 3, 4 (5th Cir. 1989). The district court correctly applied the Guidelines in imposing a term of supervised release pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3583(a).
Further, the concept of supervised release in Sec. 3583 was incorporated in the Guidelines on November 1, 1987. See Guidelines Secs. 5D1.1-5D1.3