Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20060005362?ie=ISO-8859-1&dq=6,250,774
Timestamp: 2015-05-06 07:42:18
Document Index: 432456869

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 15', 'art 16', 'art 15', 'arts 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 15', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'arts 15', 'arts 16', 'arts 16', 'arts 16', 'arts 16', 'arts 16', 'art 15', 'art 16', 'arts 15', 'arts 15']

Patent US20060005362 - Methods for modifying the surfaces of a solid and microstructured surfaces ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsDescribed are methods for surface modification of an object (10) in order to increase the adhesive power of the object, wherein the surface (11) is subjected to structuring so that a multitude of projections (12) are formed, each comprising a foot part and a head part, wherein the head part comprises...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060005362?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060005362 - Methods for modifying the surfaces of a solid and microstructured surfaces with encreased adherence produced with said methodsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060005362 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/515,663PCT numberPCT/EP2003/005512Publication dateJan 12, 2006Filing dateMay 26, 2003Priority dateMay 24, 2002Also published asDE10223234A1, DE10223234B4, DE50308973D1, EP1513904A2, EP1513904B1, US8153254, WO2003099951A2, WO2003099951A3Publication number10515663, 515663, PCT/2003/5512, PCT/EP/2003/005512, PCT/EP/2003/05512, PCT/EP/3/005512, PCT/EP/3/05512, PCT/EP2003/005512, PCT/EP2003/05512, PCT/EP2003005512, PCT/EP200305512, PCT/EP3/005512, PCT/EP3/05512, PCT/EP3005512, PCT/EP305512, US 2006/0005362 A1, US 2006/005362 A1, US 20060005362 A1, US 20060005362A1, US 2006005362 A1, US 2006005362A1, US-A1-20060005362, US-A1-2006005362, US2006/0005362A1, US2006/005362A1, US20060005362 A1, US20060005362A1, US2006005362 A1, US2006005362A1InventorsEduard Arzt, Stanislav Gorb, Huajian Gao, Ralf SpolenakOriginal AssigneeEduard Arzt, Stanislav Gorb, Huajian Gao, Ralf SpolenakExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (22), Classifications (37), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethods for modifying the surfaces of a solid and microstructured surfaces with encreased adherence produced with said methods
US 20060005362 A1Abstract
Described are methods for surface modification of an object (10) in order to increase the adhesive power of the object, wherein the surface (11) is subjected to structuring so that a multitude of projections (12) are formed, each comprising a foot part and a head part, wherein the head part comprises a front surface (13) which faces away from the surface, wherein each projection (12) is made in a size such that all front surfaces (13) project to the same vertical height above the surface (11), and form an adherent contact surface (14) which is interrupted by mutual spacing between the front surfaces (13). Images(7) Claims(53)
THEORETICAL BASIS Below, the increase in the adhesive power by establishing a multitude of microcontacts is described using the example of hemispherical front surfaces. This merely illustrates the effect achieved according to the invention; it does not however signify any limitation of the front surface geometry used as a model. Instead, as an alternative, the front surfaces can feature other designs, in particular flattened designs, as explained below. Classical contact theory firstly describes contact between a spherical front surface and a flat hard substrate according to the so-called Hertz equation as: d 3=(12�RF)/E* (1) In this equation R designates the radius of the hemisphere; F the compressive force applied; E* an average elasticity module; and d the diameter of the microcontact between the hemispherical front surface and the substrate. If adhesion effects between the substrate and the front surface are taken into account, this results in a modified equation according to the so-called JKR theory (Johnson, Kendall & Roberts, 1971): d 3=[(12�RF)/E*]{F+3πRγ+[6πRγF+(3πRγ)2]1/2} (2) This equation additionally takes into account the adhesion energy γ. The JKR theory results in a finite separation force according to the following equation: F c=3/2�πRγ (3) Equation (3) shows that, surprisingly, the adhesive force Fc is proportional in relation to the circumference of the microcontact. From this it follows that dividing a closed unmodified surface into a multitude of microcontacts increases the adhesive force according to equation (4): F c=(n)1/2 �F c (4) In equation (4), n denotes the number of microcontacts. Thus, by forming microcontacts, the adhesive force can be increased. FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates this concept which is also referred to as adhesion increase by a multiplicity of microcontacts. The left part of FIG. 1 shows a lateral view of an object 10 (top), and a top view of the lower surface 11′, which is not structured (below). The right part of FIG. 1 illustrates the microstructuring, provided by the invention, of the surface 11 for producing a multitude of projections 12. Each projection 12 forms a front surface 13 on its side facing away from the object 10. The front surfaces 13 form a multitude of microcontacts. The microcontacts 13 form a contact surface 14 which is interrupted by the spacing between the front surfaces 13 and features an improved adhesive force when compared to the unstructured surface 11′, as has been discussed above. Preferably, the geometric dimensions of the projections 12 are selected as follows: spacing between the front surfaces: 1 nm to 10 μm, in particular less than 5 μm (e.g. 4 μm or less); cross-sectional dimensions of the front surfaces (at least in the direction of the main lateral load, see below): 1 nm to 5 μm, and height: e.g. in the μm range, depending on the application and structuring technique. Various designs of the projections 12 are explained below by way of example with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. A further improvement in the adhesive force is achieved if with the projections 12 additionally a shearing force is applied, as will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. The projection 12 is seen as a flexible tape which when forming contact with an adjacent body is inclined by an angle α in relation to the surface 31 of said body. The relation between the separation force F and the van der Waals ultimate resilience work w is expressed in equation (5): wtδα=F(1−-cos α)δα+(F 2 /Eht)δα (5) In equation 5, t denotes the width of the tape; h the thickness of the tape; E the Young module (elasticity module) of the bent part; and δα an infinitesimally small bending of projection 12. Thickness refers to the cross-sectional dimension of the projection according to the direction of inclination relative to the surface. The solution of the quadratic equation (5) results in the detachment force according to equation (6). F=2wt/{[(1−cos α)2+λ]1/2+(1−cos α)}, wherein λ=4w/Eh (6) In equation 6, λ denotes an elasticity parameter which depends on the ultimate resilience work, the Young module and the thickness h of the projection 12. The invention provides a particular advantage in that a structured surface can be optimised in relation to parameter λ (see below). The vertical projection of the force F is the variable that is of interest in the context of adhesion between two contacting bodies. It can be shown according to equation 7: W=2wt sin α/{[(1−cos α)2+λ]1/2+(1−cos α)} (7) It has been shown that as far as the vertical separation force W is concerned, elasticity is of great significance, in particular in the context of small dimensions of the projections and in the context of small Young modules. Typical parameters which have been selected according to biological adhesive systems are as follows: w≈10 . . . 40 mJ/m2 , E≈1 MPa, h=1 μm, λ≈0.04 . . . 0.16 FIG. 3 shows the behaviour of the parameter W/wt depending on various angles of inclination a. In the case of small elasticity parameters λ there is a strong dependency between the separation force and the angle of inclination. In a middle region from approximately 0.04 to 0.16 dependence on the angle of inclination is relatively minor, i.e. the vertical separation force is almost constant. With larger λ values the separation force is reduced. According to the invention, the projections are thus preferably made with such a parameter that the vertical separation force depends as little as possible on the angle. Advantageously this leads to good robustness of adhesive connections. Good robustness manifests itself by the contact strength being independent of the angle α and by partial separation of the connection not automatically leading to complete separation. Since the elasticity parameter λ depends both on the thickness t of the projection and on the Young elasticity module, structuring can be optimised depending on the materials system and the structure geometry used. For example, if the surface of a hard semiconductor material (e.g. Si) with a high E-value is to be structured, then a small thickness t in the nm range is preferred. In the case of softer materials (plastics) with a lower E-value, the thickness can be greater, i.e. in the μm range. For practical applications an angle of inclination α=20� to 40�, in particular 30�, is preferred, in which the vertical separation force is at its maximum. This corresponds to an angle of 80� to 50�, in particular 60�, in relation to the surface normal. Embodiments of Surfaces Structured According to the Invention FIG. 4 is an enlarged diagrammatic section view of a surface structure formed according to the invention. This structure provides for a multitude of inclined projections 12, each with a foot part 15 whose free end forms a head part 16 with a front surface 13. The inclination of the projections 12 is of great significance for the adhesion of the structures on technical surfaces (surfaces with fractal roughness) because in their inclined state the projections are more flexible and require less energy for flexing (minimisation of the stored elastic energy). In contrast to straight projections which are provided in conventional adhesive structures, the very considerable energy consumption that would be required for upsetting a straight structure is avoided. The angle of inclination Φ is for example selected to range from 45� to 89�, in particular 60� to 80�. According to the invention, an elasticity gradient is formed in the projections 12, with variants of said elasticity gradient being illustrated in FIG. 5. According to the left sectional image in FIG. 5, the flexural ability is gradually reduced from the foot part 15 towards the front surface 13. This is achieved by setting an elasticity module E2 on the foot part of e.g. 2 GPa, which towards the front surface 13 is reduced to a value of e.g. 20 kPa. Accordingly, the material (e.g. polymer) becomes softer along the projection 12 towards its free end (front surface 13) or more rigid in the opposite direction. As an alternative, or in addition, the right sectional image in FIG. 5 provides for a radial gradient with which the elastic energy during flexing of the projections 12 can also be reduced. For example, the projection 12, in the right sectional image in FIG. 5 shown in an enlarged sectional view with a round diameter, is formed in the interior with an elasticity module E2 of e.g. 2 GPa, which towards the outside towards the lateral surface of projection 12 reduces to a value E1 of e.g. 20 kPa. FIG. 6 shows further characteristics of the structure according to the invention with inclined projections 12 with optimised flexural strength. If a high aspect ratio (ratio of length a of the projections 12 to their width in the direction of inclination or their diameter b) of at least 5 is selected, the elastic energy required for flexural loading is reduced. Preferably, the parameters a and b are selected from the following ranges: a: 2000 nm to 200 μm, and b: 20 nm to 10 μm. The reciprocal value of the aspect ratio a/b also significantly determines the so-called effective elastic module E*=E�N�b2�(b/a)2 wherein E denotes the elasticity module of the material of the projections 12, and N denotes the density per unit area of the contact structures. The density per unit area is e.g. 106 to 107 cm−2. The elasticity module e.g. of polyamide is 2 GPa. The variable E* is preferably set in the range of 20 kPa to 10 MPa. FIG. 7 shows the plane front surface 13 (sectional image a, corresponding to FIG. 4), and also variants of the head parts 16 with the following front surface shapes: hemispheric shape (sectional images b, c, f), cylindric shape or torus shape (sectional image d), or bowl shape (sectional image e). The diameters of the projections 12 are for example in the range of 20 nm to 20 μm, with the radii of curvature in sectional images b and c being selected in the range between 5 mm and half the diameter of the projection. In sectional image a, the radius of curvature is infinite. The cylinder shapes or torus shapes (sectional image d) comprise a concave shape of the front surface of a reduced diameter, which is for example 1/10 of the diameter of the respective projection. The bowl shape (sectional image e) means that the front surface 13 comprises an indentation of curved or almost rectangular cross section. Sectional image f of FIG. 7 shows a multi-component design of the head part 16 of a projection 12. The head part 16 has a higher elasticity module E2 (e.g. of 10 MPa to 10 GPa) while the front surface 13 is formed from a material of a reduced elasticity module E1 (e.g. in the range of 20 kPa to 10 MPa). Advantageously, this two-component structure, too, is an embodiment of a surface structure with an elasticity module that is reduced towards the free end of the projection. FIG. 8 diagrammatically shows a lateral view (perpendicular to the direction of inclination) of an embodiment of a projection 12 in which the head part 16 with the contact surface 13 is formed by a membrane or lamella which arises from the foot part 15 of reduced thickness and if applicable increased width (see also FIG. 9A). The membrane-shaped head part 16 has the advantage of asymmetric holding force (see below, FIG. 9). The elasticity module of the head part 16 is set in the range of 10 MPa to 4 GPa. FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of the invention which due to its asymmetric holding force is highly relevant to technological application. Very substantial adhesive force is attained which can nevertheless be undone with little effort�a feature which is significant for pick-and-place applications. Sectional images A and B show lateral views of the surface structure according to the invention, with the projections 12 being parallel (A) to the direction of inclination, or perpendicular (B) to the direction of inclination. Starting with the foot parts 15, the head parts 16 are of membrane shape or lamella shape with a width in the range of 20 nm to 1000 nm and a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 nm. The spacing between individual projections 12 is selected depending on the application and depending on the setting of the width of the head parts 16. Without contacting the adjoining body, the projections 12 are aligned in space at the desired inclination (sectional images A, B). If a contact is established, the head parts 16 are bent (sectional images C, D). As a result of the specified inclination of the projections 12, all the head parts 16 are bent in the same direction. The adhesion contact is formed between the front surfaces 13 and the adjacent body 30. The holding force of such an angled front surface 13 differs depending on whether a load is exerted parallel or antiparallel to the orientation of the head parts 16. Different holding forces with differently oriented loads make it possible to design an adhesive structure with increased holding force which is diagrammatically shown in sectional image E of FIG. 9. If two surface areas 11 a, 11 b (of one object or of two separate objects) are provided as a holding structure, in which surface areas 11 a, 11 b the projections 12 are inclined in opposite directions to each other (see arrows), a larger mass 30 can be held with the holding structure than would be possible with a corresponding holding structure of the same size but with uniform inclination. This is because one holding structure compensates for the tangential forces of the other holding structure. Analogous to the design shown in 9E, according to the invention more holding structures can be provided so as to be mirror-symmetrically opposed, for example four, six or more holding structures. If the front surfaces 13 are formed accordingly, analogously, adhesive structures comprising uneven numbers of holding structures can be formed in which the tangential forces compensate correspondingly. FIG. 10 illustrates the hierarchical formation of fine structures and substructures on the projections 12 of a surface structured according to the invention. By way of an example, sectional image A diagrammatically shows a real surface 31 with irregularities at various size scales. For the purpose of optimum adherence in all size ranges, the projections 12 shown in the enlarged sectional view in sectional image B comprise fine-structure projections 40 whose fine-structure front surfaces 41 in turn comprise substructure projections 50 (partial image C). According to the invention, this principle can be continued to comprise further substructures. Generally speaking, as the size of the object which is to adhere to real surfaces increases, a larger number of hierarchical planes of the substructure are introduced. Correspondingly, the characteristics described in the present specification for characterising the projections 12 can accordingly be provided for the realisation of the fine-structure projections 40 or the substructure projections 50. FIGS. 11 to 13 diagrammatically show sections of various surface structures in an enlarged view. These diagrams are merely used for illustrative purposes; implementation of the invention is not limited to the geometric shapes shown. According to FIG. 11, on the surface 11 of the object (carrier 17) for example bar-shaped projections 12 are formed, each of which comprises a front surface 13 which is delimited by a straight margin (e.g. rectangle, square, polygon) or a curved margin. The front surface 13 can in particular be flattened or domed according to the above-mentioned principles. Generally, each projection 12 comprises a foot part 15 and a head part 16 on whose side facing away from the object 10 the front surface 13 is formed (see right part of FIG. 11). The front surfaces 13, which are formed at the same height above the surface 11, form the contact surface 14 according to the invention. Generally, the object is a solid body, which for example forms part of an article of daily use or the like. As shown, the object can be in the form of a layer-shaped carrier made from a flexible material (e.g. a plastic material). On the side of the carrier, which side is opposite the surface structure, additionally a conventional layer of adhesive material (see FIG. 11) or surface modification according to the invention (see FIG. 13) can be provided. FIG. 12 shows that the foot parts 15 of projections 12 formed according to the invention can at least in part be inclined in relation to the surface 11 so as to provide the shearing characteristics explained above. The inclination can be limited to a lower part of the foot parts 15 so that the projections are inclined at a low height and are vertically aligned near the contact area 14. FIG. 13 shows that, according to the invention, the projections 12 and the object 10 (e.g. layer-shaped carrier) generally can be made as a composite from various materials. Depending on the application, the geometric characteristics of the front surfaces or microcontacts 13 formed according to the invention can be modified. By way of example, FIG. 14 shows square and round front surfaces 13. FIG. 15 shows that a contact surface (parallel to the drawing plane) can be formed by front surfaces 13 a, 13 b of various dimensions and/or geometric shapes. For example, parts of the contact surface can have a reduced separation force in order to facilitate the initial opening up of the adhesive connection, while other parts require stronger separation force. If necessary, after initial opening up, said separation force can be more easily applied manually or with the use of a tool. If there is a risk of the adhesive connection being opened up (pulled off) in a preferred direction, a geometric shape as shown in FIG. 16 can be provided. Preferably, the spacing between the front surfaces 13 is smaller across the direction of delamination D, than it is parallel to the direction D. Furthermore, the front surfaces are formed accordingly. Further modifications of surfaces structured according to the invention, which modifications can be provided individually or in combination with the above-mentioned embodiments, are stated below. Firstly, the surface of the solid body can be curved. A surface may comprise several contact surfaces such as islands or geometric borders. The foot part of projections can comprise different thicknesses, so that gradients in the separation force result within a contact surface. Gradient contacts have a special advantage in that their elastic deformation is location-dependent. The microcontacts need not be arranged regularly; instead they can be arranged irregularly, e.g meandering, as a labyrinth or in some other statistical distribution. Preferably, the projections 12 are made according to one of the following methods which are known per se: microlithography or nanolithography of the surfaces to be modified; micro printing; growth of projections by means of self-organisation; structuring techniques as known from the formation of so-called quantum dots; micro spark erosion (in the case of metallic surfaces), micro EDM, surface treatment by means of an ion beam (focussed); and so-called rapid prototyping with laser radiation (powder materials or polymer materials). In principle, the production of structures according to the invention, and in particular of hierarchical structures according to FIG. 10, is possible by casting a particular shape. As an alternative to this, in particular for the production of hierarchical structures according to FIG. 10, a combination of the following technologies is possible: producing a mold for the first hierarchical plane (projections 12): a1. laser structuring of metal surfaces (up to 100 μm) (or as an alternative: a2. lithographic structuring of photoresist on an Si surface and subsequent depth etching in the Bosch process) b. casting the structures with polymers (e.g. polydimethyl siloxane, polyvinyl siloxane or the like); layering the surface elements with adhesive material; flocking the surfaces by means of an electrostatic flock process of textile fibres (e.g. polyamide: diameter 10 μm, length 1 mm); and producing non-rigid contact surfaces by shearing the structures above a heated surface or by separating a thin layer of elastomeric polymer. For the purpose of shearing, the free ends of the projections 12 are subjected to thermal forming which involves contacting all free ends of the projections 12 with a heated surface (150�-270� C.), preferably a PTFE-coated surface, and further involves drawing over the heated surface so that the free ends are deformed in a spatula-like manner. The structures formed according to the invention for example comprise polymer (e.g. PMMA, PE, polydimethyl siloxane, polyvinyl siloxane, polyamide), metal (e.g. Ni, Cu, Au) or the like. Applications Surfaces that have been modified according to the invention can be provided as adhesive surfaces in all technical applications where detachable connections between different objects are to be established. This relates not only to micro-objects (characteristic dimensions in the μm and sub μm ranges) but also to macroscopic objects such as e.g. tools, textiles, paper and the like. Connections according to the invention can replace suction-type holding devices, Velcro holding devices and magnetic holding devices. By way of an example, FIG. 17 shows a tool 20 comprising a manipulation arm 21 and an adhesive gripper 22 to which a diagrammatically illustrated object 30 (e.g. a tool) has been affixed by adhesion. The surface 23 of the adhesive gripper 22 comprises a microstructure according to the principles explained above, with said microstructure effecting the connection with the object 30. The characteristics of the invention which have been disclosed in the above description, the drawings and the claims, can be of importance both individually and in combination for implementing the various embodiments of the invention. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7479198Apr 6, 2006Jan 20, 2009Timothy D'AnnunzioMethods for forming nanofiber adhesive structuresUS7479318 *Sep 2, 2004Jan 20, 2009E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And CompanyFibrillar microstructure and processes for the production thereofUS7649608 *Mar 3, 2006Jan 19, 2010Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Driving chip, display device having the same, and method of manufacturing the display deviceUS7762362Apr 4, 2007Jul 27, 2010The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversityClimbing with dry adhesivesUS8142700Dec 14, 2007Mar 27, 2012Carnegie Mellon UniversityDry adhesives and methods for making dry adhesivesUS8192668Feb 14, 2007Jun 5, 2012Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Wissenschaften E.V.Structuring method and component with a structured surfaceUS8309201 *Aug 22, 2007Nov 13, 2012The Regents Of The University Of CaliforniaSymmetric, spatular attachments for enhanced adhesion of micro- and nano-fibersUS8398909 *Sep 18, 2009Mar 19, 2013Carnegie Mellon UniversityDry adhesives and methods of making dry adhesivesUS8424474Jun 21, 2010Apr 23, 2013Under Armour, Inc.Nanoadhesion structures for sporting gearUS8524092Dec 14, 2007Sep 3, 2013Carnegie Mellon UniversityDry adhesives and methods for making dry adhesivesUS8610290Jan 12, 2009Dec 17, 2013Lewis & Clark CollegeFabricated adhesive microstructures for making an electrical connectionUS8815385Jun 1, 2005Aug 26, 2014The Regents Of The University Of CaliforniaControlling peel strength of micron-scale structuresUS8839495 *Nov 19, 2009Sep 23, 2014Gottlieb Binder Gmbh & Co. KgClosure componentUS8926881Apr 6, 2012Jan 6, 2015DePuy Synthes Products, LLCSuper-hydrophobic hierarchical structures, method of forming them and medical devices incorporating themUS8969648Apr 6, 2012Mar 3, 2015Ethicon, Inc.Blood clotting substrate and medical deviceUS20100080951 *Oct 10, 2007Apr 1, 2010Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V., A Corporation Of GermanyStructured surface with adjustable adhesionUS20110271496 *Nov 19, 2009Nov 10, 2011Gottlieb Binder Gmbh & Co.KgClosure componentUS20140097193 *Oct 5, 2012Apr 10, 2014Empire Technology Development LlcGecko-like container capping system and methodsUS20140225391 *Sep 6, 2012Aug 14, 2014J. Schmalz GmbhGripping or clamping device and method for handling articlesWO2007121450A2 *Apr 17, 2007Oct 25, 2007Arom Technologies IncDevice and method for handling an object of interest using a directional adhesive structureWO2009010161A1 *Jun 25, 2008Jan 22, 2009Parador Gmbh & Co KgComponent having nano-scale functional coating and use thereofWO2012030570A1 *Aug 22, 2011Mar 8, 2012Advanced Technologies And Regenerative Medicine, LlcAdhesive structure with stiff protrusions on adhesive surface* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification24/442, 428/99, 428/141International ClassificationB29C67/00, B29C59/16, B29C35/08, B32B3/06, F16B2/00, B29C59/02, C09J5/00, A44B18/00Cooperative ClassificationY10T428/249924, Y10T428/2978, Y10T428/2973, Y10T24/27, Y10T428/24008, Y10T428/24355, Y10S126/908, B82Y30/00, B29C59/16, B29C59/022, B29C2035/0838, B29C2059/023, F16B5/07, B29C67/0044, C09J5/00, F16B2/005, B29C2035/0872, B29C59/025, B25J15/00European ClassificationB82Y30/00, B29C59/02C, C09J5/00, B29C59/16, B25J15/00, F16B5/07, F16B2/00BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 12, 2012CCCertificate of correctionFeb 27, 2012ASAssignmentOwner name: MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER WISSENSFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNMENT RECORDATION COVER SHEET PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 016789 FRAME 0004. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT TO MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN E.V;ASSIGNORS:ARZT, EDUARD;GORB, STANISLAV;GAO, HUAJIAN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050704 TO 20050712;REEL/FRAME:027766/0270Jul 21, 2005ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARZT, EDUARD;GORB, STANISLAV;GAO, HUAJIAN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050704 TO 20050712;REEL/FRAME:016789/0004Owner name: MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDURUNG DER WISSENSFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARZT, EDUARD;GORB, STANISLAV;GAO, HUAJIAN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016789/0004;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050704 TO 20050712Owner name: MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDURUNG DER WISSENSFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARZT, EDUARD;GORB, STANISLAV;GAO, HUAJIAN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016789/0004;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050704 TO 20050712Owner name: MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDURUNG DER WISSENSFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARZT, EDUARD;GORB, STANISLAV;GAO, HUAJIAN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050704 TO 20050712;REEL/FRAME:016789/0004RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services