Source: https://www.global-regulation.com/translation/austria/2995778/patronenprfordnung-2013.html
Timestamp: 2019-07-21 23:57:48
Document Index: 166646540

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 8', '§ 9', '§ 10', '§ 11', '§ 12', '§ 13', '§ 14', '§ 15', '§ 16', '§ 17', '§ 18', '§ 19', '§ 20', '§ 21', '§ 22', '§ 23', '§ 24', '§ 25', '§ 26', '§ 27', '§ 28', '§ 29', '§ 30', '§ 31', '§ 32', '§ 33', '§ 34', '§ 35', '§ 36', '§ 37', '§ 38', '§ 39', '§ 40', '§ 41', '§ 42', '§ 43', '§ 44', '§ 45', '§ 46', '§ 47', '§ 48', '§ 49', '§ 50', '§ 51', '§ 52', '§ 53', '§ 54', '§ 55', '§\n56', '§ 57', '§ 1', '§ 14', '§ 14', '§ 53', '§ 1', '§ 3', '§ 23', '§ 7', '§ 4', '§ 23', '§ 23', '§ 5', '§ 53', '§ 6', '§ 6', '§ 21', '§ 15', '§ 23', '§ 19', '§ 23', '§ 8', '§ 10', '§ 13', '§ 9', '§ 7', '§ 14', '§ 5', '§ 21', '§ 10', '§ 19', '§ 14', '§ 14', '§ 21', '§ 12', '§ 21', '§ 15', '§ 35', '§ 13', '§ 39', '§ 7', '§ 7', '§ 21', '§ 33', '§ 7', '§ 9', '§ 11', '§ 12', '§ 9', '§ 19', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 11', '§ 6', '§ 21', '§ 26', '§ 27', '§ 15', '§ 15', '§ 15', '§ 26', '§ 30', '§ 15', '§ 15', '§ 32', '§ 27', '§ 15', '§ 21', '§ 31', '§ 24', '§ 27', '§ 36', '§ 36', '§ 38', '§ 39', '§ 36', '§ 30', '§ 28', '§ 43', '§ 50', '§ 43', '§ 47', '§ 44', '§ 45', '§ 41']

Machine Translation of "Patronenprüfordnung 2013" (Austria)
Original Language Title: Patronenprüfordnung 2013
Read the untranslated law here: https://www.global-regulation.com/law/austria/2995778/patronenprfordnung-2013.html
446th Ordinance of the Federal Minister for economy, family and youth about the testing of cartridges for handguns 2013 (Patronenprüfordnung 2013)
On the basis of articles 12 to 15 and 22 of the proofing-law, BGBl. No. 141/1951, as last amended by Federal Law Gazette I no. 50/2012, is prescribed:
1 main piece General provisions § 1 scope § 2 definitions 2. main piece of ammunition exam 1 section: General § 3 types of Ammo check § 4. information of the permanent Office of the Permanent International Commission for the examination of handguns (C.I.P.)
2 part: type testing § 5 submission to type test § 6 sampling for type testing § 7 verification of of types of § 8 inspection § 9 control of the labelling of packages § 10 control of the contents of the packs § 11 check of the marking of ammunition § 12 check of the surface of the ammunition § 13 control of the components of the cartridges with lead-free crushing § 14 check of the dimensions of the ammunition § 15 review of the medium-sized gas pressure of the ammunition § 16 review at cartridges with lead-free crushing § 17 check of the functional reliability of ammunition 3. section : Controls of the equipment § 18 control of the testing facilities of the manufacturer § 19 control of the testing facilities of the importer 4. section: manufacturing control § 20 obligations of legitimate § 21 sampling for controlling manufacturing § 22 implementation of manufacturing control 5. section: inspection § 23 implementing of the inspection 3 main pieces measuring of the gas pressure and the bullet energy, as well as the estuary pulse 1 section: General § 24 scope 2. section: measurement of gas pressure § 25 types of gas pressure measurement § 26 preparation and implementation of the gas pressure measurement § 27 evaluation of gas pressure measurement § 28 gas pressure measurement by means of mechanical electrical pressure transducer § 29. Gas pressure measurement by means of crushing body § 30 gas pressure measurement in ammunition for handguns with smooth runs and central fire ignition § 31 gas pressure measurement in ammunition for handguns with rifled barrels and central fire ignition § 32. gas pressure measurement in cartridges for handguns with Rimfire § 33. gas pressure when driving cartridges with sleeve for shot devices § 34. gas pressure measurement in cartridges for alarm weapons § 35. gas pressure measurement in cartridges for small shot arms (cartouches à mange) section 3: determination of bullet energy and muzzle pulse § 36. determination of projectile energy § 37. determination of bullet energy at cartridges for handguns with Rimfire § 38. Discovery of bullet energy at cartridges for alarm weapons § 39. determination of mouth momentum in cartridges with lead-free crushing 4 main piece calibration of mechanical electric transducer § 40. scope of § 41. measuring system for the calibration of § 42. primary pressure transducer § 43. reference pressure transducer § 44. primary calibration § 45. secondary calibration § 46. repeated calibration § 47. leaving a pressure transducer § 48. choice of the calibrator § 49. static calibrator § 50 dynamic calibrator § 51. evaluation of results 5. main piece of validation of technical standards works § 52. binding declaration of ÖNORM § 53. binding declaration ON rules 6 showpiece final provisions § 54. linguistic equal treatment § 55. references §
56. entry into force and expiry of § 57. EU notification system 1: ÖNORM Appendix 2: ON rule 1 main piece
The provisions of this regulation are § 1 (1) for the testing of ammunition for small arms, as well as their labelling and packaging to apply.
(2) this Regulation shall not apply to:
1. ammunition for military purposes;
2. test ammunition of a new ammunition type that comes in the development, examination or revision phase in small quantities for tests on persons not belonging to the staff of the manufacturer;
3. ammunition which is loaded in small quantities for personal use only or loaded again.
(3) the testing of a type of consumption ammunition, which manufactured in another Member State of the agreement on the mutual recognition of Proofmarks on small arms, BGBl. No. 269/1971 in the version of article II of the Federal Act Federal Law Gazette No. 233/1984, is generally subject to the provisions of this regulation; She can be made by the Office of fire only in that case when the fire Office of another Member State so requested and confirmed that technical reasons, which make a test not possible.
(4) ammunition for small arms may be placed Professional only market, if she meet the provisions of this regulation. Ammunition, which with a pursuant to the provisions of the test characters regulation 2013, Federal Law Gazette II No. 444/2013, recognized mark is provided, considered the provisions of this regulation according to. Ammunition explenation for handguns, which is located in the warehouse of a dealer, as a professional in the traffic.
(5) the liability of the manufacturer or the importer of Ammo is not affected by the provisions of this regulation.
1 cartridge: the technical product in the ignition device, propellant and projectile, with or without sleeve, for a unit are joined together;
2. cartridge: Sleeve with ignition device, with or without propellant, which is designed to fire in shooting apparatus and alarm guns;
3. ammo: the totality of cartridges and cartridges;
4. use ammunition: any ammunition for handguns with the exception of fire ammunition;
5th bombardment ammunition: those ammunition, which is used for the official testing of small arms;
High-performance cartridge: the cartridge, which only from weapons with smooth barrels, that the intensified shelling (§ 14 para 5 Nos. 2 and 3 of the fire regulation 2013, Federal Law Gazette II No. 445/2013) or Z 4 of the regulations have passed the "steel shot fire" according to § 14 para 5 2013, be fired;
7 ammunition type: the particular, specified by the in each relevant ON rules specified in § 53 caliber designation or identified by a common trade name type of Ammo, eg "calibre 7 x 64 with cone pointed bullet";
8 lot: the totality of the ammunition of same type of ammunition that is manufactured in series and loaded by the same manufacturer; each lot is considered to be changed if one of the components of that comprise the ammunition will be changed;
9 Pack: those smallest container in which ammunition usually emitted into the trade to the end user;
10 handguns: each device 2013 as handguns referred to in § 1 section 2 of the regulations.
Types of Ammo check
§ 3 (1) is the ammunition and their manufacture by the fire Office or by the manufacturer or the importer under supervision of the Fire Department to check; This Commission for the examination of small arms is, where appropriate, supportive legal matter content decisions of the permanent international (Commission Internationale permanent pour l ' épreuve of poor à feu portatives - C.I.P..), BGBl. No. 269/1971, carefully.
(2) the following controls are available:
1. check of the ammunition type (type test, sections 5 to 17);
2. control of the testing facilities of the manufacturer (section 18) or the importer (article 19);
3. control of production (production control, sections 20 to 22);
4. inspection (§ 23).
(3) in the light of the successful type testing the mark in accordance with § 7 paragraph 5 to the Pack can be attached by the manufacturer or the importer.
(4) in the light of the successful control of test equipment the right can be given the manufacturer or the importer upon his request, to undertake the fabrication control itself. The production control is parameters relevant for the safety of ammunition during the running production.
(5) the inspection is the official monitoring to the traffic bring particular ammunition.
(6) it is:
1. the checks of types of and check of the testing facilities of the manufacturer or the importer the fire Office.
2. production control the manufacturer or this authorized importer or at whose request the fire Office.
3. the inspection the fire Office which also the facilities of the manufacturer or the importer may use this.
§ 4. Of the grant (section 7 para 2 and 3) and the withdrawal of (§ 23 para 6) of the law for a certain to use the mark in accordance with article 7, par. 5 ammunition type, as well as of all measures taken pursuant to § 23 para 5 and 6 has the permanent Office of the C.I.P.. having regard to the fire Office. The approval is a caliber, whose Abmessungen still not established by a valid decision of the C.I.P.., the appropriately completed TDCC datasheet the C.I.P.. is communication to connect.
Submission to the approval
§ 5 (1) has submission of ammunition to type test to be made using form of the fire Office ("submission sheet"). The form has to contain the following information:
1 (company) name and address of the sender;
3. name (company) of the manufacturer or the importer;
4. label the type of ammunition;
5. types of munitions are not contained in the ON rules specified in § 53 are the note, the submitted ammunition type is equivalent to what commercial description;
6. the estimated number of lots, which manufacture or import is intended;
7. the statement in which different types of execution (E.g. with different types of powder, bullet weights, percussion cap models, as use -, high - or fire ammunition) the submitted ammunition type in traffic to be brought;
8 where appropriate, the request of the importer, to grant the self-remedy of manufacturing control of this type of ammunition;
9. where appropriate, the request of the manufacturer or the importer, manufacturing control of this type of ammunition by the fire Office make to leave.
(2) an ammunition type for type test has deviations from the relevant for them, stated in article 53 ON rules, or it is included in any of this ON rule appropriate the form documents (descriptions, scale drawings, etc.), from which the deviations or the characteristics of the type of ammunition are clearly shown to connect. The type test is in this case on the basis of the complete information provided by the manufacturer carry out. In this case the permissible medium maximum gas pressure which must be no more than 4,400 bar, medium-sized gas pressure measured and everyone else by the manufacturer are in the decision (article 7 paragraph 2) to be made and to be checked in the framework of the audit of of types of information. This information is as to attract basis for the control of this caliber ammunition as long as, until that calibre was inducted into a technical standards work declared binding.
(3) is made when submitting an ammunition type for type testing, with the exception of shotgun ammunition, no information about the permissible medium maximum gas pressure, or has been determined the method of measurement by the provisions of the 3 main section of a different gas pressure after one, so the allowable is maximum gas pressure medium by multiplying the gas pressure measured in accordance with the provisions of the 3 main piece with the factor of 1.07 to set.
(4) when submitting an ammunition type to type test the self-remedy of manufacturing control of this type of ammunition by the importer not applied and will this also no request in accordance with paragraph 1 Z 9, a certificate of the manufacturer of this type of ammunition is the form to join, in which it confirmed that the production control of this ammunition type by him, by analogy with the provisions of the 4th section will be conducted. The importer has in this case for each of the Fabrikatinskontrolle carried out by the manufacturer on the basis of the test protocol created by the manufacturer imported Munitionslos evidence of to provide.
(5) when submitting an ammunition type to type test the self-remedy of manufacturing control of this ammunition type applied by the importer, so the permission to use the respective test equipment by the fire service is requested at the same time. A directory of existing test facilities, their exact description and corresponding, scale drawings are this request to connect.
(6) the ammunition for the type test is on the occasion of the submission in the number prescribed pursuant to § 6 and where for your transport bring to pass the fire Office provided Pack.
Sampling for type testing
§ 6 (1) has the sampling for the approval of a type of ammunition unless para 2 nothing else determines on a finished lot, whose quantity is at least 3000 pieces, to be carried out. Several lots of same ammunition type is to be used for the collection of samples that Los containing the ammunition with the highest maximum gas pressure specified by the manufacturer or importer.
(2) the type test is to make twice the number of the number resulting from the table of § 21 para 2 of ammunition. The approval for a type of ammunition, from within a calendar year, expected to be less than 3000 pieces are manufactured or imported, is to make each an in the same proportion to this number smaller quantities of ammunition. The minimum amount for
1. the inspection and control of dimensions: 50 pieces;
2. the gas pressure test, the examination of bullet velocity and the discovery of mouth momentum: 10 units;
3. the functional test: 10 units.
Test of types of
7. (1) includes the testing of types of:
1. the Visual inspection (sections 8 to 13);
2. check of the dimensions (section 14);
3. the review of the medium-sized gas pressure (§ 15) or in its place the appropriate comparison values for Special ammunition (E.g. drive cartridges with sleeve for shot apparatus);
4. the additional checks for cartridges with lead-free crushing (section 16);
5. the examination of the functional safety (article 17);
6. the control of the testing facilities of the manufacturer in accordance with article 18 or, where appropriate, the importer in accordance with section 19.
(2) if the type test for a certain type of ammunition for all ABS. 1 designated points existed, to grant the right to the submitter with notice, for this type of Ammo to use the mark in accordance with paragraph 5 (approved ammunition type); This right is in particular with the requirements to connect,
1. all other lots of this ammunition type of approved ammunition type according to perform;
2. the ammunition of the prompt and after selection by the fire Office to provide required within the framework of the inspection (§ 23).
The submitter is the importer of the approved ammunition type, so the empowerment of the importer can join by this decision, where appropriate, to self carry out of the fabrication control (§ 19 ABS. 2).
(3) if types passed the examination for a certain type of ammunition exclusively in terms of in paragraph 1 points referred to Z 1 to 5, it is the manufacturer or importer by a decision to grant the right to use the mark in accordance with paragraph 5 (approved ammunition type) for this ammunition type., where this right in particular with the requirements is to connect,.
2. each manufactured lot to present the fire Office to carry out the production control;
3. the ammunition of the prompt and after selection by the fire Office to provide required within the framework of the inspection (§ 23).
(4) the communication of types of shall contain in particular the following information:
2. name the, assessed the test ammunition type (E.g. "7 x 64 with cone pointed bullet caliber");
3. date of approval;
4. all requirements in accordance with paragraph 2 or paragraph 3.
(5) the mark of types of consists of the below sign in combination with the character for the fire official pursuant to section 19 para 4 2013 Z 5 of the regulations. The characters may be used only in on all sides equal linear magnification or reduction.
(6) the type testing for a certain type of Ammo is not passed, Ammo, same type, but an other lot to type test can be filed.
§ 8. The inspection includes:
1. the control of labelling of packages (section 9);
2. the control of the contents of the packs (§ 10);
3. check of the marking of ammunition (article 11);
4. check of the surface of the ammunition (article 12);
5. the control of the constituents of the cartridges with lead-free crushing (§ 13).
Check of the labelling of packages
§ 9 (1) each package must have following information:
1. name or mark of the manufacturer or of the person for which the ammunition included in the package was loaded or which is responsible for the compliance of the munitions contained in the package with the provisions of this regulation;
2. the designation according to each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules or the trade name of the munitions contained in the package;
3. the identification number of the lot and the count of the number contained in the packaging of ammunition;
4. the mark, in accordance with § 7 paragraph 5 in perfectly recognizable execution;
5. packages for high-performance cartridges in addition: a) in cartridges that are loaded with lead shot, a clear indication that they may be fired only from handguns, which the increased shelling were subjected to b)
When cartridges with lead-free crushing, a clear indication that they fired only from weapons may be, that Z 4 of the fire regulation 2013 successfully underwent the "steel shot fire" according to § 14 para 5; If the diameter of the balls in 12 greater than 4 mm in caliber 16-gauge is greater than 3.5 mm and 20 more than 3.25 mm caliber, a further clear indication that these cartridges only from handguns fired may be, whose run narrowing of the mouth ("choke") is maximum of 0.5 mm.
6 in the case of packs for cartridges with lead-free crushing which they consist of specify of the type of meals and the kind of material used; When cartridges with lead-free crushing of types B and C in addition to the inscription: "It is to pay attention to rebound and to avoid shooting at fixed and hard surfaces";
7 in the case of packs for bombardment ammunition is the clear indication that these determined only for the official testing of small arms;
8 in the case of packs for more ammunition in addition a disclaimer that clearly expresses, it is again loaded ammunition;
9 in the case of packs for ammunition, the effect of which is, achieved through the release of liquid or gaseous substances a note about these substances;
10 in the case of packs for ammunition with full floors, their hardening in the core is larger than the by lead shot, an indication that the use of this ammunition in barrels with polygonal profile is not permitted; This obligation shall not apply, if the submitter (§ 5 par. 1 Z 1) presenting results, which conclusively prove that when using this ammunition in barrels with polygonal profile of gas pressure within the limits remains for the each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules of contained ammunition types.
(2) each package must be tightly secured and suitable for the transport.
(3) the control is considered passed if
1. on any Pack 1 Z 2, 5, 6, 9 and 10 missing features in accordance with paragraph, and 2. the characteristics referred to in paragraph 1 Nos. 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8 on each not exceeding 3, 5, 8 or 12 packs, depending on the size of the lot (§ 21 para 2), is missing.
Control of the content of the packs
§ 10. It is to control, if no piece of other than the ammunition type that is specified on the packaging is included in the approved packaging. The control is considered to be passed, if a single piece of a different type of ammunition is found.
Check of the marking of ammunition
11. (1) any ammunition, also the back loaded, must have the following clearly visible and permanent markings:
1. name, company (brand) or official known abbreviation of the manufacturer or importer, either on the bottom of the sleeve or on the sleeve; reloaded ammunition are the previous markings to invalid;
2. in the case of ammunition with central fire ignition in addition to the marking in accordance with no. 1 the specification of sizes according to the each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules or the trade name of ammunition on the bottom of the sleeves. It is not possible to specify the caliber on the bottom of the sleeves, for technical reasons it can be specified on the sleeve body;
3. in cartridges that are loaded with crushing, in addition to the marking in accordance with subpara 1 specifying the diameter in millimeters, or the number of balls and the length of the sleeve if it is longer than a) 65 mm in caliber 20 and beyond.
(b) 63.5 mm in caliber 24 and below;
4. in the case of cartridges with lead-free crushing, in addition to the marking in accordance with subpara 1 marking "Steel shot" or "bille d'acier" or "Steel Shot" or the sign in accordance with § 19 para 4 Z 4 of the 2013 regulations as well as the indication of the essential material of pellets on the shell casing;
5. cartridges of calibre 20 the sleeve must be yellow; This does not apply the cartridges but which at the time of the enactment of this regulation has been proven already on the market.
(2) high-performance, fire ammunition must be as follows identified - except the markings referred to in paragraph 1 - in addition:
1 bombardment ammunition: either by a knurled sleeve ground, or by the color red to the rear surface of the sleeves soil or a sleeve with red paint or through the inscription "Bombardment ammunition" on the cartridge case with the addition of appropriate fire gas pressure;
2. high-performance ammunition: either by a different colour than red on the rear surface of the sleeves soil or through the inscription "Max 1050 bar" or "For weapons tested with a 1370 bar" on the cartridge case.
3. high-performance ammunition with lead-free crushing (hardness HV1 40): an additional clear indication that the ammunition from weapons may be fired, Z 4 of the fire regulation 2013 withstood the "steel shot fire" according to § 14 para 5.
4. high-performance ammunition with lead-free crushing (hardness HV1 40) if the diameter of the pellets in caliber 12 greater than 4 mm in caliber 16 is greater than 3.5 mm and 20 more than 3.25 mm caliber: an additional clear indication that the ammunition from weapons may be fired, Z 4 of the fire regulation 2013 withstood the "steel shot fire" according to § 14 para 5 and whose run or runs 0.5 mm has a choke or have.
1. on any ammunition the marking referred to in paragraph 1 Nos. 2 and 4 and in accordance with paragraph 2 are missing.
2. the markings referred to in paragraph 1 Nos. 1 and 3 each to no more than 3, 5, 8 or 12 pieces of ammunition, depending on the size of the lot (§ 21 para 2), is missing.
Check of the surface of the ammunition
§ 12. The surface of the ammunition is checked for defects and grooves. The control is considered to be passed, if
1. on any ammo sleeve of longitudinal cracks on the pods mouth with more than 3 mm in length, other longitudinal or transverse cracks or a floor crack and 2 to no more than 3, 5, 8 and 12 pieces of ammunition, depending on the size of the lot (§ 21 para 2), identified longitudinal cracks on the pods mouth with a length of no more than 3 mm.
Check of the components of the cartridges with lead-free grinding
Section 13 (1) cartridges with lead-free crushing in the sense of this regulation are cartridges, which homogeneous lead-free pellets with a hardness of 40 HV1 but 110 HV1 average (single value 125 HV1) (type B) or heterogeneous lead free pellets with a deformation contain 45% (type C). If lead-free pellets can be incorrectly classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous and not correctly associated with one of the above mentioned types on the basis of tests, the fire official from the submitter may require that tests the gun laying down the specifications of the cartridges (speed and pulse) are carried.
(2) heterogeneous lead free pellets with a deformation less than the of steel shot of the same diameter may be loaded not in cartridges.
(3) cartridges with lead-free crushing are in addition to check on their constituents. The control is considered to be passed, if any cartridge is designed, that avoids the friction of the Schrotes in the run and the shotgun in a sufficiently solid container (plastic, cardboard, or other material) is included. The tanks must withstand the shot at ambient temperatures in the range from-20 ° C to + 50 ° C.
(4) lead-free pellets of types B and C, which are loaded in normal cartridges, must for cartridges
1. in 12-gauge diameter of 3.25 mm (+ 2.0%), one 2nd caliber 16 diameter 3.00 mm (+ 2.0%), 3rd in caliber 20 diameter 3.00 mm (+ 2.0%) exhibit.
Check of the dimensions of the ammunition
14. (1) the following measures are to comply with for reasons of security and to check if they are specified for the relevant type of ammunition in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules:
1. in cartridges for handguns with rifled barrels, including cartridges for pistols and revolvers and Rimfire cartridges: a) L3: length of the sleeves soil until to the sleeve (total length of sleeve, maximum size cartridge);
(b) H2: Diameter at the mouth of the pods (maximum size cartridge);
(c) G1: Diameter of the projectile on the pods mouth (maximum size cartridge);
(d) the length of L3 G taking into account the diameter of the field F of the barrel, the diameter of the G1 (minimum Chamber), the diameter of the H2 of the Chamber, the length of the Chamber and the difference length of the Chamber.
The observed mass in accordance with letter. a, b, and c must equal or values to be smaller than those that are specified the coming in each case into account, indicated in article 53 ON rules. The detected levels in accordance with letter. d must be equal to or less than L3 G, as defined, be.
2. at shotgun shells for handguns with smooth barrels: a) d: diameter of the sleeve at the bottom of the sleeves.
b) t: thickness of the edge at the bottom of the sleeves the observed mass, comply with those values, taking into account the tolerances, which are specified in the ON-rule 191395.
3. when cartridges for shooting apparatus: a) L3: length of the sleeves soil until to the sleeves (total length of sleeve, maximum size cartridge);
(b) H2: Diameter at the mouth of the pods (maximum size cartridge).
The observed mass must equal to or smaller than those values, which are specified in the ON-rule 191396.
4. when cartridges for alarm weapons: a) L3: length of the sleeves soil until to the sleeves (total length of sleeve, maximum size cartridge);
(b) L6: Total length of the sleeve before the shot;
(c) H2: Diameter at the end of the cylindrical part of the sleeve.
The observed mass must equal to or smaller than those values, which are specified in the ON-rule 191397.
5. with cartridge for shotgun SALW (cartouches à mange): b) L3: length of the sleeves soil until to the sleeves (total length of sleeve, maximum size cartridge);
(b) P1: Diameter of the sleeve at the end of Groove or edge;
(c) H2: Diameter at the end of the cylindrical part of the sleeve;
(d) r: thickness of the sleeve edge (edge thickness).
The observed mass, comply with those values, taking into account the tolerances, which are specified in the ON-rule 191395.
(2) the following measures that determine a type of ammunition, are to check if they are specified for the relevant type of ammunition in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules:
1. in cartridges for handguns with rifled barrels, including cartridges for pistols and revolvers and Rimfire cartridges: a) L1: length of the sleeves soil until the beginning of the shoulder (with diameter P2);
(b) L2: Length from the bottom of the sleeves to beginning sleeves neck (with diameter H1);
(c) L3: Length of the bottom of the sleeves to the pods mouth;
(d) R: Thickness of the sleeve edge (edge thickness);
(e) R1: Diameter of the sleeves soil;
(f) E: Belt P1; length from the bottom of the sleeves to end
(g) P1: Diameter of the sleeve at the end of the Groove, edge or belts;
h) P2: diameter of the sleeve at the top of the shoulder;
(i) H1: Diameter at the top of the sleeve neck;
(j) H2: Diameter at the mouth of the sleeves;
(k) G1: Diameter of the projectile on the pods mouth.
The observed mass must equal or values to be smaller than those, which in each concerned, stated in article 53 ON rules are specified. The measure in accordance with letter. f is given for determining the location of the level P1, must however at Magnumpatronen exactly are respected.
2. for shotshell for handguns with smooth barrels: the under paragraph 1 Z 2 led dimensions and also the total length l of the sleeve before the shot. The observed mass, comply with those values, taking into account the tolerances, which are specified in the ON-rule 191395.
3. when cartridges for shooting apparatus: a) L3: total length of the sleeve after the shot;
(c) r: thickness of the sleeve edge (edge thickness);
(d) R1: Diameter of the sleeves soil;
(e) P1: Diameter of the sleeve at the end of Groove or edge;
(f) H2: Diameter at the end of the cylindrical part of the sleeve.
The observed mass must equal or be less than those values, which are specified in the ON-rule 191396.
4. when cartridges for alarm weapons: a) L3: total length of the sleeve after the shot;
(e) e: thickness of the sleeves soil;
(f) P1: Diameter of the sleeve at the end of the Groove or the edge.
(g) H2: Diameter at the end of the cylindrical part of the sleeve.
The observed mass must correspond to those values, which are specified in the ON-rule 191397. The measure in accordance with letter. e is for setting the location of the dimension of P1.
5. when SALW shotgun cartridges: a) L3: total length of the sleeve after the shot;
(f) P1: Diameter of the sleeve at the end of Groove or edge;
The observed mass must correspond to those values, which are specified in the ON-rule 191395. The measure in accordance with letter. e is for setting the location of the dimension of P1.
(3) in the case of coming not in each case into account, indicated in article 53 ON rules of contained ammunition types is to consider whether
1. the ammunition in the Chamber of a handgun ammunition of calibre was included in one of these ON rules with same or similar dimensions and lower middle maximum gas pressure can be loaded and fired, or 2. a munitions contained already in any of this ON rule with same or similar dimensions and higher Middle maximum gas pressure in the Chamber of a handgun for the submitted ammo type with a lesser to decreased mean maximum gas pressure loaded and fired be can.
(4) the ground referred to in paragraph 2 are using a doctrine of general form, taking into account in para 1 subpara 1 lit. (d) to verify specified minimum dimensions of cartridge bearings. All of the removed pieces of ammunition must be easily inserted in this doctrine.
(5) it is also to check whether the company beyond the level of the sleeves soil extends beyond.
(6) in the case of cartridges with lead-free crushing, the hardness of the pellets has to be:
1. on the surface: HV1 110;
2. inside: HV1 100.
(7) cartridges, intended for small meal arms, must have dimensions that are different from those of the cartridges for alarm weapons, so that it is not possible to download these cartridges in alarm weapons.
Review of the Middle gas pressure of the ammunition
§ 15 (1) is the review of the medium-sized gas pressure of the ammunition at the specified number of ammunition under the provisions of the 3 main piece making in section 6 paragraph 2. If no gas pressure is specified for a particular type of ammunition in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules, the determination of projectile energy pursuant to § 35 takes the place of the gas pressure measurement.
(2) in the case of use ammunition, no single value of the calculated gas pressure exceed the Emax value by more than 7% the Pmax value by more than 15% and no single value of determined projectile energy.
(3) the fire cartridges for handguns with smooth barrels have to following conditions comply with:
1 medium-sized gas pressure of fire cartridges has value to correspond to the stated in the first position of the measuring barrel in the ON-rule 191395.
2. the fire cartridges medium gas pressure has to be at the second measuring point of the measuring barrel between 450 and 600 bar.
The conditions referred to in Nos. 1 and 2 are for both types of attack with two same cartridges at the same time satisfying two conditions to meet. Should be such cartridges not be available, so two cartridges, which comply with the condition of the No. 1, as well as a cartridge, which satisfies the condition of the No. 2 can be used.
(4) the Schrotmasse of fire cartridges is within the following limits; the diameter of shot grains must be less than 3 mm:
At fire cartridges that match only the condition set for the second measuring point (para 3 No. 2), it is allowed to increase the Schrotmasse.
(5) the fire cartridges for handguns with rifled barrels have to comply with the following conditions: the average gas pressure of fire cartridges has to be as the maximum gas pressure of use cartridges intended for the respective handguns up 25% generally. It is set in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON-rule.
Checks for cartridges with lead-free grinding
Section 16 (1) for cartridges with lead-free crushing (§ 13 para 1) are in addition to the checks referred to in article 15 the average velocity (V2, 5), the mouth of impulse (§ 39) as well as to check the shot size for normal cartridges. The required values are for
1. caliber 10/89, high-performance cartridges: a) medium velocity 440 m/s;
(b) muzzle Pulse: 19 NS;
2. 12-gauge, normal cartridges: a) average velocity: 425 m/s;
(b) muzzle Pulse: 12 NS;
(c) shot size: 3.25 mm (2.0%);
3. 12-gauge, high-performance cartridges: a) average velocity: 430 m/s;
b) calibre 12/70 pulse of the estuary: 13.5 ns;
(c) calibre 12/73 muzzle Pulse: 15.0 ns.
(d) calibre 12/76 muzzle Pulse: 15.0 ns.
(e) calibre 12/89 muzzle Pulse: 19.0 ns;
4. caliber 16, normal cartridges: a) average velocity: 390 m/s;
(b) muzzle Pulse: 9.5 ns;
(c) shot size: 3.0 mm (2.0%);
5. caliber 16/70, high-performance cartridges: a) average velocity: 420 m/s;
(b) muzzle Pulse: 12.0 ns;
6 caliber 20, normal cartridges: a) average velocity: 410 m/s;
(b) muzzle Pulse: 9.3 ns;
(c) shot size: 3.0 mm (+ 2.0%);
7 caliber 20/70, high-performance cartridges: a) average velocity: 410 m/s;
(b) muzzle Pulse: 11.0 ns;
8 caliber 20/76, high-performance cartridges: a) average velocity: 430 m/s;
(2) the fire cartridges with lead-free grinding have to following conditions comply with:
1. cartridges calibre 10/89: a) shot size: 4,6 mm;
b) mean maximum gas pressure at the first measuring point: 1320 bar (132 MPa);
(c) medium-maximum gas pressure at the second measuring point: 450 bar up to 600 bar (45 MPa to 60 MPa);
(d) muzzle Pulse: 22 NS;
2. cartridges calibre 12: a) shot size: 4,6 mm;
d) muzzle pulse 12-gauge / 70: 15.0 ns.
s) muzzle pulse calibre 12/73 12 / 76: 17.5 ns;
(f) muzzle pulse caliber 12 / 89: 21.5 ns;
3. cartridges calibre 16: a) shot size: 3.8 mm;
d) muzzle pulse caliber 16 / 70: 13.5 ns;
4. cartridges calibre 20: a) shot size: 3.8 mm;
b) mean maximum gas pressure at the first measuring point: 1320 bar (13 MPa);
d) muzzle pulse caliber 20 / 70: 12.5 ns.
s) muzzle pulse caliber 20 / 76: 14.0 ns.
Testing the reliability of ammunition
Section 17 (1) is testing the operational reliability using a measuring run, which complies with the conditions of the 3 main piece, or perform with a handgun whose Chamber dimensions in accordance with those dimensions, which in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules are specified. For the examination of the reliability of the cartridges for handguns with smooth runs, particularly a handgun is to use are maximum dimensions the dimensions of the Chamber and of the closing distance.
(2) in the implementation of production control (section 22) the examination of reliability using a handgun can perform by way of derogation from the provisions of paragraph 1, whose Chamber dimensions are specified limits within the in the respectively relevant ON rules stated in section 53, and which has been approved by the Office of fire on the occasion of the control of the inspection bodies referred to in article 19. The characteristic dimensions of these handguns are to be entered in a directory.
(3) in the case of cartridges for alarm weapons ejection of fragments or parts of the sleeve, the powder is using a test run in addition of a stopper or other elements to determine if this one sheet of paper in format A2, 100 g / m ² - 115 g / m ² and a thickness 0.12 mm ± 0.02 mm, a device at a distance of 1.5 m from the mouth of the measuring barrel located in , Pierce.
(4) the examination of the reliability is considered to be passed, if any ammunition one of the following faults has been determined:
1. gas leak backwards through the CAP.
2. stuck in the floor or fragments thereof in the course;
3. crack of the sleeve if it remains entirely or in part in the course;
4. complete damage of the sleeve;
5. bursting of the sleeves soil;
6. when alarm weapons cartridges: ejecting fragments or parts.
Controls of testing equipment
Check of the manufacturer's test facilities
Section 18 (1) of the determination procedure for type testing of ammunition is the Beschussamt interpreted a control of the testing facilities of the manufacturer to undertake, whether this to determine the dimensions for the measurement of gas pressure or, where appropriate, the comparative values for the submitted ammunition type equipment necessary and appropriately trained personnel to operate these devices has.
(2) the control of test equipment includes:
1. verification of the dimensional stability of the gas pressure measurement runs;
2. the State inspection of measuring equipment using pattern ammunition or a calibrated measuring run;
3. the examination of the teachings and the devices specific to the examination of the Munitionsmaße;
4. testing the handgun given to control of the reliability of munitions.
(3) the result of this control is an integral part of the approval of the ammunition type (§ 7 para 1 to 3).
Control of the testing facilities of the importer
The importer requested section 19 (1) the authorization of use of its testing facilities for the purpose of self-remedy of production control, the fire official to control them to the extent described in article 18, paragraph 1 and 2.
(2) this control indicates that the testing and measuring equipment of the importer 2013 comply with the provisions of this regulation or the regulations and are suitable for the implementation of production control as well as appropriately trained personnel to operate these devices available, is the importer with notice to manufacturing control all lots of the ammunition type according to the provisions of this regulation, authorise self perform; This right is in particular to connect to the Edition, immediately announce any change in the existing testing and measuring equipment to the fire Office.
Section 20 (1) was the manufacturer or the importer in accordance with section 7 paragraph 2 authorized to undertake manufacturing control of this ammunition type itself for a specific ammo type to use the mark in accordance with article 7, par. 5, and has been empowered the importer also pursuant to section 19 para 2, then have them each lot of current production or each imported lot according to the provisions of this section to check.
(2) was authorized to use the mark in accordance with article 7, par. 5, for a certain type of ammunition of the manufacturer or the importer in accordance with § 7 paragraph 3 so this has to submit each batch manufactured by him to the fire Office to carry out the fabrication control.
(3) the results of the production control are of the one who is conducting the tests according to the provisions of section 22, to enter in a continuous run and numbered directory. This directory is to store each 10 years. In the cases referred to in paragraph 1, insight into this directory is the organs of the fire Office at any time to grant.
Sampling for the control of manufacturing
§ 21 (1) the collection of pieces for the production control of ammunition of a lot at random must be made; the removed ammunition has to be as representative of the concerned lot.
(2) the minimum number of ammunition to be taken is in play:
Check the dimensional and Visual inspection
Gas pressure test or examination of the speed and determination of mouth momentum in cartridges with lead-free grinding
(3) in the case of cartridges for shooting apparatus is the sampling for the gas pressure test on the most powerful cartridge of series and includes 12 cartridges for each approved additional volume, by way of derogation from paragraph 2, (§ 33 par. 1).
(4) the minimum number specified in paragraph 2 can be changed if the manufacturer has a certified quality assurance system (ISO 9000 series). An inspection plan must be submitted in this case the fire Office. The fire official may authorize a control during manufacturing if the review of the inspection plan has revealed that all other provisions of this regulation are fully respected.
Implementation of production control
22. (1) includes production control:
5. the examination of reliability (article 17).
(2 500,000 pieces, Rimfire cartridges and cartridges) an approved ammunition type (§ 7 para 2) lot size must not exceed 1,500,000 units for manufacturing control for central fire cartridges.
(3) for the inspection, the articles 8 to 13 shall apply, are that the numbers in § 9 para 3 Z 2, § 11 para. 3 subpara 2 and § 12 Z 2 respectively 2, 3, 5, and 8 have to be.
(4) for the control of manufacture, the storage of ammunition under special climatic conditions prescribed in accordance with article 26, paragraph 1 is not required. In borderline cases, however, is the gas pressure measurement in compliance with these terms and conditions to repeat. The values thus obtained are then permanently.
(5) the measured gas pressure values and the measured values of the projectile energy have to comply with the provisions of sections 30 to 38. This is not true and the calculated maximum limit does not exceed 1.15 Pmax or 1.07 Emax, then a reverse grouping with twice the number of ammunition is to perform. The average of the results of the sample and the cross taken together must comply with the above-mentioned provisions. This is not the case, then ammunition of this lot as high-performance cartridges, or fire ammunition in accordance with may be placed no. of 5 and 11 paragraph 2 referred to requirements in transport the in § 9 para 1. If on shot telephones, one of the conditions is not met, an additional control to another 12 cartridges shall be made.
(6) is manufacturing control failed reasons mentioned from other than those in paragraph 5, then the question to the reworking is to reset. A recent fabrication control of this lot is allowed after the post-production.
23. (1) the fire Office has officio to undertake an inspection at
1. for controlling manufacturing not authorized importers with regard to each of these imported lot, however at least once a year;
2. for controlling manufacturing authorized manufacturers and importers (§ 19 ABS. 2) at least every three years;
3. all manufacturers and importers, then, if there is reasonable suspicion that an in traffic or this particular lot of ammunition type for a type approval (article 7, para. 2 and 3) or permission to the leadership is one according to the test characters regulation of 2013 recognised mark wholly or partially corresponds to the provisions of this regulation.
(2) the inspection shall include:
1. in the cases of paragraph 1 Nos. 1 and 3: a) a review of imported ammunition on their compliance with existing types of authorisations (article 7, para. 2 and 3);
(b) a review of the certificates of the manufacturing controls carried out by the manufacturer (§ 5 ABS. 4);
(c) a control on a lot after selection of the fire Office corresponding to the production control (section 22).
2. in the cases of paragraph 1 Z 2: a) a check of the equipment referred to in section 19;
(b) an inspection of the directory to be leading in accordance with article 20, para. 3;
(3) article 21 with the following proviso applies sampling during the inspection: be of an approved type of ammunition manufactured less than 3 000 pieces per delivery or imported, then smaller in the same proportion to this number is a number of ammunition each to attract. The fire official has carried the inspection control in ammunition of a single batch and at least on the specify in § 6 section 2 number.
(4) on the conducted inspection, the fire official has an endorsement to exhibit. The inspection found that provisions of this regulation are not met, are the relevant shortcomings in the confirmation to lead; at the same time is, insofar as the defects are recoverable, to set a reasonable time limit to remedy.
(5) the inspection reveals important deficiencies or were remediable deficiencies are not remedied within the set deadline (para. 4), has the fire Office decision to have the lots affected by such defects not in traffic are allowed. Is lacking only in high values for the gas pressure or for the bullet energy, the fire official may have that the affected lots on the market only allowed, when the ammunition in accordance with § 11 para. 2 and the packing in accordance with article 9, paragraph 1 Z 5 were marked.
(6) any defects found are such a danger to persons, in particular the users of munitions fear letting, the fire official has a renewed, corresponding to the production control (section 22) inspection at the affected or a different Los of same ammunition type to make but to twice the number of quantities arising from § 6 par. 2 and § 21. This new control is no unsafe defects has the Beschussamt according to par. 4 and 5, second sentence, to proceed. Also this control results in the same or a lack of other unsafe, that has to withdraw the type approval (article 7, para. 2 and 3) for the relevant type of ammunition Beschussamt and have that already in traffic brought such ammunition is withdrawn. Office has permission to conduct a mark gleichzuachtenden 2013 pursuant to the provisions of the test characters regulation, is for the relevant type of ammunition C.I.P.. about the found defects to inform the fire Office to have, that the affected lots not in traffic may be placed or already on the market brought such ammunition is pulled back and at the same time the competent authority of the State concerned and the constant.
Measurement of gas pressure and the projectile energy, as well as the pulse of the estuary
The provisions of the main piece are section 24 (1) to be taken in accordance with the provisions of the 2nd main piece check the Middle gas pressure, to apply the bullet energy and muzzle pulse of ammunition.
(2) if there is no gas pressure is specified for a particular type of ammunition in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON-rule, the discovery of bullet energy replaces the measurement of gas pressure. The provisions of this main section are to apply by analogy.
Types of gas pressure measurement
Section 25 (1) usually is the gas pressure by means of a pursuant to the provisions of the 4 main piece of calibrated mechanical electrical pressure transducer to measure. The gas pressure are represented in this case by the PT size designations or, if a Konformal pressure transducer is used by the dimension name PTc.
(2) the gas pressure, however, is with the help of upset cylinder method to determine if the gas pressure is specified in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON-rule was determined according to this method. The gas pressure are represented in this case by the PCr measurement labels or, if a Konformal pressure stamp used by the dimension marking PCrc.
(3) the gas pressure can be measured by way of derogation from the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, also after any other proceedings in the defined places, provided by comparative measurements, it has been demonstrated that the results obtained in this procedure correspond to those of the reference procedure. In this case, the necessary conversion is to perform.
Preparation and implementation of the gas pressure measurement
The pieces of ammunition to be tested are § 26 (1) the review of the medium-sized gas pressure for 24 hours at a temperature of 21 ° C to store 1 ° C and a relative air humidity of 60% ± 5%.
(2) for the review of the medium-sized gas pressure of the ammunition, measurement runs are to use, whose interior dimensions match those enclosure, which are specified in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules. The permitted tolerances for the different types of munitions are specified in these ON rules or in the sections 30 to 35.
(3) the measurement of the average gas pressure has to be carried out in the powder Chamber. This basic method but uncertainties, has E.g. by influencing the speed of the projectile within the statistical boundaries by the pressure measurement, the pressure also at the mouth of the sleeve, the sleeve or behind the floor can then be measured. The measuring point for the gas pressure of the different ammo types is specified in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules or in the sections 30 to 35.
(4) the measurement results are to represent in a measurement log, which at least the following information shall contain:
-Name and address of the fire Office - name and address of the applicant - serial number of the measurement protocol - gas pressure measurement date - name of an organ that is carrying out the gas pressure measurement - name and signature of the person responsible of the fire Office - technical data of cartridge (calibre, type and weight of the projectile, Los, manufacturer), - meteorological conditions when the gas pressure measurement - technical data of the measuring system (identification number of the spin, mechanical electrical transducers, sensitivity of the imported transducer, information of the selected parameter and the system for measuring speed) - climatic conditions , under which the cartridges before the shelling were - stored values of the pressure - and speed - average values who pressures and speed - standard deviation - statistical evaluation - observations of any abnormalities of the conditions or the results of the attack.
Evaluation of gas pressure measurement
§ 27. The evaluation of measurement results according to the rules of statistics according to following formula:
It means: PI: the gas pressure of individual measurements;
n: the number of measurements;
Pmax: increase the maximum permitted medium pressure;
: the arithmetic mean of the gas pressure of n measurements;
SN: the standard deviation of the gas pressure of n measurements;
Kin: the tolerance coefficient of n of measurements according to the following table, to get a static security at:
K1n 99% of cases;
K2n 95% of cases;
K3n 90% of cases.
For intermediate values is to interpolate linearly.
Gas pressure measurement by means of mechanical electrical pressure transducer
Section 28 (1) consists of the measuring system
1. the mechanical electrical pressure transducer;
2. the amplifier;
3. the display device;
4. the electrical filter.
(2) the mechanical electrical pressure transducer has to meet following conditions:
1. measuring range: 0 to 1,2fach the maximum gas pressure to be expected;
2. linearity deviation in measuring range: 1% of the final value of the calibration.
3. frequency greater than or equal than: a) 100 kHz for the pressure sensor diaphragm.
(b) 50 kHz for force transducers;
4. minimum sensitivity: 1.0 pC/bar;
5. effective diameter of the membrane: 6 mm;
6 calibration range: 100 bar to 1,2fach the maximum gas pressure to be expected;
7 certificate of calibration with the sensitivity data of the pressure transducer not older than two years.
(3) the measuring channel is to prepare according to the instructions of the manufacturer.
(4) for the avoidance or mitigation of the heat transfer to the membrane and plate of the pressure transducer is a thermal protection in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications when drilling the sleeve to use; also a mechanical protection in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications is to use.
(5) the amplifier must satisfy the following conditions:
1. linearity error: 1% of end value of calibration;
2. cut-off frequency (-3 dB): 80 kHz;
3. input impedance of the charge amplifier: 1012;
4. drift: and relative humidity (rH).
(6) as display devices, both analog and digital display devices can be used. Analog display devices - peak voltmeter and oscilloscope or storage oscilloscope - to have a bandwidth 100 kHz, digital display - Transientrecorder or similar device - have to meet following conditions:
1. sampling rate:;
2. resolution: 12 bit;
3. time of recording: 4 ms.
4. cut-off frequency (-3 dB):.
(7) it is a BESSEL or BUTTERWORTH low pass filter of second order with a cut-off frequency of 20/22 kHz (-3dB), N = 2 (12 dB per octave), which is integrated in the charge amplifier, the connected display unit or the software to use.
Gas pressure measurement by compression body
Section 29 (1) consists of the measuring procedure:
1. the Pistons with piston Guide;
2. the abutment;
3. the crushing body (Crusher).
(2) the length of the piston guide must be at least 10 mm, the diameter of the piston 6.18 mm with a tolerance of - 0.004 mm. The radial clearance between piston and guide must be between 0.002 and 0.006 mm. The mass of the piston must be 3,0 g 0.5 g.
(3) as a crushing body Crusher of the Laboratoire Central de l' Armement are to use Paris, or crushing body calibrated in relation to these.
(4) the choice of the diameter of piston and crushing body arises in terms of reference crushers from the following table:
Stamp Ø (mm)
PL Pmax PU and
PL 1.3 Pmax PU
Comparative determination of gas pressures of shelling and the use ammunition of a particular type of ammunition are the same spin with the same stamps and upsetting cylinder with same parameters and from same lot to use.
Gas pressure measurement in ammunition for handguns with smooth runs and central fire ignition
Section 30 (1) for the review of the medium-sized gas pressure of the ammunition for handguns with smooth runs and central fire ignition must be test runs, whose interior dimensions match those enclosure, which are specified in the ON-rule 191395.
1. the following tolerances are allowed for the test runs: a) 0.10 mm for the barrel inner diameter (B);
(b) 0.05 mm for the diameter of the Chamber D and H;
(c) 2.00 mm for the length of the Chamber L;
d) rim diameter G: + 0.05 mm;
e) edge depth T: 0.05 mm.
2. angle of the cone of transition = 10 ° 30': - 30;
3. the closure distance must not exceed 0,10 mm;
4. the length of the gas-pressure measuring barrel is 700 mm ± 10 mm (cylindrical run without choke);
5. the control of the dimensional accuracy of the measurement runs is by means of making such measurement systems that give immediate access to the values to be measured.
(2) the measurement runs referred to in paragraph 1 must have at least two measuring points. These must be an integral part of the barrel, or located in a gauge block, in which the barrel is fixed. The axis of the first measuring point must be at a distance of
1. 25 to 30 mm for the caliber of 24 and larger.
2. 17.0 mm 1.0 mm for the calibre less than 24;
3. 12.5 mm - 0.5 mm for the 32-50 caliber, 7, 410/50, 8 mm and 9 mm, which axis of the second measuring point are located at a distance of 162.0 mm 0.5 mm from the shock bottom of the barrel.
(3) the measurement of gas pressure at the second measuring point is done indirectly. For this purpose, the time of passage of the propellant floor registers through the cross section of the second measuring point and measured the pressure at this time at the first measuring point. The registration of passage of blowing soil can be made either with a mechanical electrical pressure transducer or with any other appropriate sensor, for example by means of photo diode behind a fused silica window.
(4) when using a mechanical electrical pressure transducer, the diameter and the depth of the measuring holes depending on the dimensions and the type of installation of the pressure transducer and according to the specifications of the manufacturer of the pressure transducer are run. The hole drilled into the cartridge sleeve must have a diameter of 3.0 mm + 0,1 mm. To the reduction of the heat transfer on membrane and plate a pulley made of isothermal, flexible material, E.g. Teflon, is to attach before the pressure transfer surface when drilling the sleeve. Tangential built-in pressure transducer must be protected in addition by gluing a spanning the cartridge hole, stretchable tape on the cartridge.
(5) the evaluation of the measurement results is carried out under application of para 6 and 7 according to the rules of statistics of section 27.
(6) in the case of use cartridges for handguns with smooth runs and central fire ignition, no single value shall exceed the value of Pmax by more than 15%. This requirement shall be considered fulfilled, if in 95% of cases with a statistical confidence of 95% of the upper value of the tolerance limit is not exceeded 1.15 Pmax, i.e. If the following inequality is true: PN + K2n SN 1.15 Pmax.
(7) for normal as well as for the increased shelling the requirements of § 15 paragraph 3 met, apply to fire cartridges when in 90% of cases, with a statistical confidence of 95%, the lower value of the tolerance level not below 1.15 Pmax. Therefore, these fire cartridges have to the following conditions comply with:
1. condition pursuant to § 15 para 3 Z 1: a) at the first measuring point: pn 1.30 Pmax, - K3n SN 1.15 Pmax,.
(b) at the second measuring point: PN + K3n SN 650 bar.
2. condition pursuant to § 15 para 3 Z 2: a) at the first measuring point: PN + K3n SN 1.60 Pmax.
(b) at the second measuring point: PN = 450 to 600 bar.g gas pressure measurement in ammunition for handguns with rifled barrels and central fire ignition
Section 31 (1) for the review of the medium-sized gas pressure of cartridges for handguns with rifled barrels and central fire ignition are measuring runs to use, whose interior dimensions match those enclosure, which in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON rules match.
1. the following tolerances are allowed for test runs: a) 0.02 mm for the diameter of the field F of the barrel;
(b) 0.03 mm for the train diameter Z of the barrel;
(c) 0.10 mm for the total length of L3;
(d) 0.03 mm for the diameter P1;
(e) 0.02 mm for the diameter P2;
f) 0.02 mm for the diameter of H2;
(g) 0.03 mm for the diameter of G1;
(h) - 5/60i for the angle i of the transition cone when i 12';
(i) - 1' for the angle i of the transition cone when i 12'.
A positive tolerance for the angle i is allowed, considering the range of tolerance for G1. In this case, G1real of the following inequality must comply with:
This means that the G1real related to fmin may have a lower value than the gmin specified in the above-mentioned ON rules.
2. the closure distance must not exceed 0,10 mm.
3. the length of the gas pressure measurement runs has to be: a) gas pressure test run for cartridges without edge: LC = 600 mm 10 mm;
b) gas pressure test run for cartridges with edge: Lc = 600 mm 10 mm;
c) gas pressure test run for Magnumpatronen: Lc = 650 mm 10 mm;
d) gas pressure test run for pistol and revolver cartridges: Lc = 150 mm 10 mm.
Control of the dimensional accuracy of the measurement runs is by means of making measurement systems that give immediate access to the values to be measured.
(2) the measurement runs referred to in paragraph 1 must have at least a measuring point. The mounting of the measuring point has to be carried out in accordance with the rules of ON. The measuring point at a distance of 25 mm ± is to install 2 mm from the bottom of the shock, if the tube is longer than 40 mm caliber contained not in the ON rules; with a sleeve length of including 30 mm to 40 mm is the measuring point at a distance of 17.5 mm ± to install 2.0 mm from the bottom of the shock; the gas pressure measurement at a point between 7,5 mm and the length L1 or L3 shall be made with a length less than 30 mm. In these cases is the measuring point in the measurement log (§ 26 para 4) along with the received value of gas pressure to lead.
(3) the provisions of § 30 paragraph 4 with the following provisions apply for the measurement of gas pressure: regardless of the length of the sleeve and the used transducer, the hole drilled in the sleeve has to have a diameter of 2.0 mm.
(4) the evaluation of the measurement results is carried out in application of paragraph 5 and 6 according to the rules of statistics of section 27.
(5) in the case of use cartridges for handguns with rifled barrels and central fire ignition no single value shall exceed the value of Pmax by more than 15%. This requirement is considered as fulfilled, if in 99% of cases, with a statistical confidence of 95%, the upper value of the tolerance limit is not exceeded 1.15 Pmax, i.e. If the following inequality is true: PN + K1n SN 1.15 Pmax.
(6) for long guns with rifled barrels and central fire ignition the claim in accordance with § 15 para 5 as a met, applies to fire cartridges when in 90% of cases, with a statistical confidence of 95%, the lower the tolerance value is not less than 1.15 Pmax. These fire cartridges have therefore to comply with the following inequalities:
1 1.25 Pmax, 2.
-K3n SN 1.15 Pmax, 3rd + K3n SN 1.40 Pmax, 4. Ē EE.
(7) for fire cartridges for pistols and the claim in accordance with § 15 para 5 as a met, is guns with rifled barrels and central fire ignition when in 90% of cases, with a statistical confidence of 95%, the lower the tolerance value is not less than 1.15 Pmax. These fire cartridges have therefore to comply with the following inequalities:
1.pn 1.30 Pmax, 2.Pn - K3n SN 1.15 Pmax, 3.Pn K3n SN 1.50 Pmax.
Gas pressure measurement in cartridges for handguns with Rimfire
Measuring cycles to use, whose interior dimensions match those enclosure, which are specified in the ON-rule 191390 are § 32. (1) for the review of the medium-sized gas pressure of cartridges for handguns with Rimfire.
1. the following tolerances are allowed for the test runs for measurement of gas pressure of ammunition for handguns with smooth barrels: a) + 0.03 mm for the inside diameter F = Z of the barrel;
b) + 0.10 mm for the total length of L3.
c) + 0.05 mm for the diameter P1;
d) + 0.05 mm of diameter P2;
e) + 0.03 mm for the diameter of H2;
f) + 0.03 mm for the diameter of G1.
(g)-5 / 60i (maximum-1 °) for the angle i of the transition cone.
2. the following tolerances are allowed for the test runs for measurement of gas pressure of ammunition for weapons with rifled barrels: a) + 0.02 mm for the diameter of the field F of the barrel;
b) + 0.02 mm for the train diameter Z of the barrel;
c) + 0.10 mm for the total length of L3.
d) + 0.03 mm for the diameter of P1, e) + 0.02 mm for the diameter of H2;
f) + 0.03 mm for the depth of the edge in milling R;
(g) 0.05 mm of diameter R1;
h) 0 ° 20' i of the transition cone angle.
3. the closure distance must not exceed the extent of 0.10 mm during test runs in accordance with Nos. 1 and 2.
4. the length of the reference measuring barrel pursuant to Nos. 1 and 2: LC = 600 mm 10 mm.
5. the control of the dimensional accuracy of the measurement runs according to Z 1 to 4 is using such measuring systems perform, giving immediate access to the values to be measured.
(2) the measurement runs must have at least a measuring point. This is at the level of L3 + 1.80 mm (L3 overall length of sleeve) with a tolerance of ± 0.20 mm to install.
(3) the locations of the test runs for the caliber.22 short,.22 l.f.B.,.22 WMR,.17 HMR and.17 Mach 2 must have following distance from the bottom of shock:
.22 short: 7.00 mm + 0,20 mm
.22 l.f.B.: 9.00 mm + 0,20 mm
.22 WMR: 17.50 mm + 0,20 mm
.17 HMR: 17.50 mm + 0,20 mm
The throttle channel must have a diameter of 2.00 + 0.10 mm and a length of 2.00 + 0.10 mm. The arrival of milling on the sleeve has to have a diameter of 2.00 mm and a depth of 0.15 mm.
(4) the evaluation of the measurement results is carried out in application of paragraph 4 and 5 according to the rules of statistics of § 27.
(5) if use cartridges for handguns with Rimfire exceed no single Pmax value by more than 15%. This requirement shall be considered fulfilled, if in 95% of cases with a statistical confidence of 95% of the upper value of the tolerance limit is not exceeded 1.15 Pmax, i.e. If the following inequality is true: PN + K2n. SN 1.15 Pmax.
(6) the Receivables in accordance with § 15 para 5 as satisfied, apply for the fire cartridges when in 90% of cases, with a statistical confidence of 95% lower value is the tolerance level not below 1.15 Pmax. These fire cartridges have therefore following conditions to meet:
1.pn 1.30 Pmax.
2.PN - K3n SN 1.15 Pmax.
3.PN + K3n SN 1.50 Pmax.
Gas pressure at drive cartridges of sleeve for shot apparatus
33. (1) checking the drive cartridges with sleeve for shot apparatus pursuant to § 21 para 3 of 12 cartridges for each approved additional volume must be made. At Rimfire cartridges are the additional volume VA = 0.16 cm ³ and 0.8 CC and for central fire cartridges the additional volume VA = 0.4 cm³. Incorrect values are immediately to delete or correct; in particular, a reading is to eliminate, if there are signs of excessive gas from escaping. The measured values are continuously to number and check the extreme values. P1 and P12 are to be judged according to the criterion of J. W. Dixon with the following formula:
Arises from the fact that ZB is greater than 0,490, the respective value P1 and P12 is to cancel. None of the values will be deleted, are the two last values to neglect; is only a measured value is deleted, the last is negligible.
(2) for the inspection of the gas pressure a spin with throttle piston in accordance with ÖNORM is S 1232 to use, which Abmessungen correspond in this ÖNORM, as well as the dimensions specified in the ON-rule 191396.
1. the following tolerances are allowed for the cartridge bearings of the spin: a) + 0.03 mm for the diameter P1;
b) + 0.03 mm for the diameter of H2;
c) + 0.05 mm of diameter R1;
d) + 0.05 mm for the depth of the edge in milling R;
e) + 0.10 mm for the length of the L3.
2. the gas pressure spin has the following dimensions: a) caliber: 16 mm (F7).
Length from the end of the cartridge bearing b): 200 mm 1 mm;
(c) location of the measuring point): 1.5 mm from the end of the cartridge bearing;
(d) diameter of hole: 3 mm;
e) height of the hole: 3 mm.
3. push piston has to meet following conditions: a) diameter: 16 mm (h7);
(b) mass: Mp = 80 g 1 g;
(c) material: Brass (58% 70% CU) or medium-hard steel (R = 55 to 65 DEKA-N / mm²);
(d) length proportional to the mass;
(e) supplementary volume: VA = 0.04 0.80 cc.
4. the control of the dimensional accuracy of the measurement runs is using such measuring systems perform, giving immediate access to the values to be measured.
5. the gas pressure measurement is carried out with the help of a mechanical electrical pressure transducer in accordance with section 28 and with the following conditions: a) measuring range: up to 7000 bar;
(b) pressure transfer surface: diameter 6 mm.
(3) the evaluation of the test results is performed according to the rules of statistics of section 27 and the following provisions:
1 also mean: a) Pmax(0,16) or Pmax(0,8): the maximum pressure permitted after the ON-rule 191396 for cartridges with Rimfire with the additional volume VA = 0.16 or 0.8 cm ³.
(b) Pmax(0,4): the maximum pressure permitted after the ON-rule 191396 for cartridges with central fire ignition with the additional volume VA = 0.4 cm³;
(c) PN(VA): the arithmetic average gas pressure of n (10) measurements for the additional volume of VA.
2. use Rimfire cartridges requires the medium GasdruckPn for the two additional volume VA = 0.16 CC and 0.8 cm ³ = VA lower than or same as maximum permissible values Pmax(0,16) and Pmax(0,8) be.
3. use cartridges with central fire ignition requires the medium GasdruckPn for the additional volume V = 0.4 cm³ lower than or same as the maximum value of Pmax(0,4).
4. the conditions laid down in paragraph 2 and 3 shall be deemed, if the following inequality is true: PN(VA) Pmax(VA).
5. the condition for use cartridges, that no single value of the gas pressure must be higher than 1,15 Pmax(VA), is satisfied if the following inequality is true: Pn(Va)+K3n SN 1.15 Pmax(VA).
Gas pressure measurement in cartridges for alarm weapons
Section 34 (1) for the inspection of the gas pressure is a spin in accordance with ÖNORM 1233 to use S, whose Abmessungen correspond in this ÖNORM, as well as the dimensions specified in the ON-rule 191397.
1. the following tolerances are allowed for the test runs: a) H8 for the inside diameter of the barrel F = Z;
b) H11 for the total length of L3;
c) H8 for the diameter P1;
d) H8 for the diameter of H2;
e) H9 for the depth of the edge in milling R;
(f) H10 of diameter R1;
g) H11 for the diameter of G1;
h) 20' i of the transition cone angle.
2. the following tolerances are allowed for the spin for revolver cartridges: a) js14 for the location of the measuring point M.
b) h13 for the length of the barrel LT;
c) H11 for the splitting of w.
3. the following tolerances are allowed for the spin for gun cartridges: a) js14 for the location of the measuring point M.
b) h13 for the total length of the measuring barrel LC.
(2) the control of the dimensional accuracy of the measurement runs in accordance with paragraph 1 is using such measuring systems perform, giving immediate access to the values to be measured.
(3) the evaluation of the test results is performed according to the rules of statistics of section 27 and
1. for the measurement of gas pressure of use cartridges according to the provisions of § 31 para 5;
2. for the measurement of gas pressure of fire cartridges according to the provisions of article 31, paragraph 6.
Gas pressure measurement in cartridges for small shot arms (cartouches à mange)
Section 35 (1) for checking the gas pressure of the cartridges for small shotgun weapons is S a test run in accordance with ÖNORM 1234 to use; the following tolerances are allowed for this:
1 js14 for the location of the measuring point;
2. h13 for the total length of the measuring barrel LC.
(2) the evaluation of the test results is performed according to the rules of statistics of section 27 and
Determination of bullet energy and of mouth momentum
Determination of projectile energy
36. (1) the discovery of bullet energy provided pursuant to § 24 para 2 is justified in the following cases:
1. If the volume of the combustion chamber is so small that attaching a gas pressure gauge can change normal pressure development
2. If the additional charge at the same time represents the propelling charge.
3. for measurement of gas pressure shot of ammunition with no folded;
4. If, new ammunition types or rarely used calibers, the corresponding spin for measurement of gas pressure not be available.
(2) the projectile energy E is from the mass of the projectile m and the velocity v according to the formula
to calculate. The velocity is by measuring the projectile flight time using light barriers between two points on the trajectory to determine that 0.5 m and the second the first measuring point measuring point is 1.5 m in front of the muzzle of the barrel; the time measurement using an electronic counter must be at least to 10 s. The velocity arises as the quotient of the measurement basis (1 m) and the appropriate bullet flight time.
(3) the evaluation of measurement results of para 4 to 6 according to the rules of § 27, using statistics. It, however, mean:
Emax: maximum permissible medium bullet energy;
En: the Middle floor energy of n measurements;
SN: the standard deviation of projectile energy of n measurements;
K3n: the coefficient of tolerance for n measurements for a statistical reliability of 95% in 90% of all cases (see table in section 27).
(4) in the case of use ammunition, no single value must exceed in 90% of all cases, with a statistical confidence of 95%, the Emax value by more than 7%. This requirement is satisfied if the following inequality is true: en K3n SN 1.07 Emax.
(5) the projectile energy is referred to in paragraph 1 instead of measuring the gas pressure to determine who has 10% higher to be medium-sized than the permissible floor energy of provided for the respective handguns using ammunition projectile energy of bombardment ammunition normally. It is set in each case under consideration, stated in article 53 ON-rule. If the desired floor energy to fire ammunition cannot be reached by increasing the weight of the propellant, the bullet weight by 10% can be increased, where the energy loss due to friction in the barrel may not increase.
(6) the request referred to in paragraph 5 is considered met if in 90% of cases, with a statistical confidence of 95%, the lower value of the tolerance limit is not less than 1.07 Emax. The bombardment ammunition has therefore to comply with the following inequalities:
1.En 1.10 Emax;
2.En - K3n SN 1.07 Emax;
3.En + K3n SN 1.25 Emax.
Determination of bullet energy at cartridges for handguns with Rimfire
Measuring cycles to use, whose interior dimensions match those enclosure, which are specified in the ON-rule 191390 of the Chamber are section 37 (1) for the review of the projectile energy of cartridges for handguns with Rimfire. Following barrel dimensions are prescribed for the measuring runs:
1. 200 mm 2 mm for the length of the measuring barrel LC;
2. 4.05 mm and 5.45 mm 0.02 mm for the field diameter F;
3. 4.30 or 5.60 mm 0.03 mm for the train diameter Z;
4. 5.50 mm or 8.38 mm 0.03 mm for the diameter of the smooth barrel F = Z;
5. 450 mm for the Helix length u;
6 1.25 mm 0.10 mm for the width of the trains of b;
7 6 for the number of moves N.
(2) the control of the dimensional accuracy of the measurement runs is using such measuring systems perform, giving immediate access to the values to be measured.
1. for the measurement of projectile energy of the use cartridges according to the provisions of § 36 para 4;
2. for the measurement of projectile energy of fire cartridges according to the provisions of § 36 5 and 6.
Determination of bullet energy at alarm weapons cartridges
§ 38. (1) for the review of the projectile energy of cartridges for alarm weapons is a spin in accordance with ÖNORM S 1233 to use its Abmessungen in accordance with the dimensions specified in this ÖNORM, as well as in the ON-rule 191397.
1. the following tolerances are allowed: a) H11 for the length of the ammunition warehouse L3;
b) js16 for the length of the barrel.
Projectiles are 2 to measure the energy of the projectile to use which meet the following conditions: a) diameter: 6 mm (f8) or 9 mm (f7).
(b) weight: 4.0 g 0.04 g = m or m = 10 g 0.1 g;
(d) length: proportional to the weight.
Investigation of mouth momentum in cartridges with lead-free grinding
§ 39. The mouth impulse is mo of the mass m and speed v of the projectile after the formula Mo = m · v to determine. The velocity is 2.5 metres upstream of the mouth of the barrel by analogy with application of § 36 para 2 in a cylindrical measuring run according to § 30 para 2 without choke, to measure and is as mean value of a series of 10 shots.
Mechanical electrical pressure transducer calibration
Section 40 (1) to check each individual which when measuring the gas pressure of the ammunition in accordance with provision of the 2nd is find main track use, as described in § 28 mechanical-electric transducer repeatedly during his entire lifetime.
(2) using the calibration of mechanical electrical pressure transducer in the laboratory, whose measurement main features shall be determined. These are:
1. sensitivity over the whole measuring range;
2. linearity deviation;
(3) a scattering of the measurements of the peak pressure values below 4% to be achieved through the regular calibration of mechanical-electric transducer. The desired measurement error should be less than 3%.
Measuring system for the calibration
41. (1) consists of the measuring system:
1. a static or a dynamic calibrator;
2. an amplifier (load or voltage amplifier);
3. a display device (voltmeter, peak readers, oscilloscope, etc.).
(2) the accuracy of the measuring system must
1. when the primary calibration to be less than 1%;
2. when the secondary calibration be less than 2%.
(3) if the secondary calibration is performed by comparison with a reference - pressure transducer, the accuracy of this device must be less than or equal to 0.5%.
(4) the accuracy of the measurement system is at least every 5 years, as well as to check on the occasion of the exchange of an essential ingredient of one of the following locations:
1. Bundesamt für Eich - und Vermessungswesen or this equivalent metrological institutions of other States;
2. from this accredited calibration points.
There is a certificate to be about the outcome of the review.
Primary pressure transducer
The measuring system for the primary calibration as well as the dynamic Vergleichssytem to check the reference pressure transducer are 42. (1) a primary pressure transducer to check.
(2) the primary pressure transducer is the corresponding adapter of the Bundesamt für Eich - und Vermessungswesen or this equivalent metrological institutions of other States or bodies accredited for this purpose each after 50 cycles, or if there are doubts as to the accuracy, but at least every two years, to check. There is a certificate to be about the outcome of the review.
(3) the primary pressure transducer has to meet following conditions:
1. measuring range, according to the purpose of the application: 20 MPa to 200 MPa + 10% or 200 MPa to 600 MPa + 10%;
2. temperature range:-50 ° C up to + 100 ° C;
3. linearity: + 0.3% of full scale;
4. cutoff frequency: 100 kHz;
5. insulation resistance: 1 · 1014. (4) is determined during the review that a primary pressure transducer no longer meets the required conditions, can he as long as used as a reference pressure transducer when he meets the for these conditions (§ 43 para. 2).
Reference pressure transducer
Reference pressure transducers, which are used in the dynamic calibration (§ 50 para 4), are § 43 (1) to review with the corresponding adapter of the Bundesamt für Eich - und Vermessungswesen or equivalent metrological institutions of other States or bodies accredited for this purpose. There is a certificate to be about the outcome of the review.
(2) the reference pressure transducer has to meet following conditions:
1 measuring range, according to the application area: 20 MPa to 200 MPa + 10% or 200 MPa to 600 MPa + 10%;
3. linearity: + 0.5% of full scale;
5. insulation resistance: 1.1013.
(3) larger deviations are found during the subsequent inspections referred to in paragraph 1 the sensitivity as
1. 2% compared with the last review, 2. 4% relative to the first review, so must the pressure transducer, if only one of the two values is exceeded, not more than reference pressure transducers are used. It can be used however as long as pressure transducer for gas pressure measurements, as it meets the relevant conditions (§ 47).
Those adapters to use, which are provided by the manufacturers of the mechanical electrical pressure transducer are section 44 (1) to carry out the calibration.
(2) the measurements are from the lower end of the measuring range of the mechanical electrical pressure transducer, but at least 100 bar beginning, making up at least the 1,3-fachen pressure of the ammunition to be controlled. There are at least five intermediate values to determine, it is to measure a total of at least seven measurement points.
(3) there are at least three attempts to perform, to get an average sensitivity value at each measuring point.
4. the calibration curve shall be calculated as the straight line of the "least squares". In the mechanical electrical pressure transducer with channel it has through the origin to go. The mechanical electrical tangential or Konformaldruckaufnehmer is the offset determined by the calibration. In both cases Q and the gas pressure P as a basis for the consideration of the sensitivity is in the shot attempts by a non-linear dependence of the charge.
Those adapters to use, which are provided by the manufacturers of the mechanical electrical pressure transducer are section 45 (1) to carry out the calibration.
(2) measurements applying by analogy with article 44, paragraph 2 is a static calibrator is used to make. Uses a dynamic calibrator, is at least an attempt with at least 20% of the monitored maximum gas pressure, which must be the 1,3-fache of the measured value, perform.
(4) the calibration line shall be calculated as the straight line of the "least squares". She can go through the origin. She not pass through the origin (§ 44 par. 4), the offset is taken into account.
Repeated calibration
46. (1) the repeated calibration consists of a series of
1. primary calibrations (section 44) and 2nd secondary calibrations (§ 45).
(2) the controls of primary calibrations must be carried:
1. during the first 600 shots at least every 200 shots and then at least every 3000 shots;
2. always, if controlling a secondary calibration the sensitivity by more than 3% compared to the last calibration; changed
3. Furthermore, when the collected averages at trials which were conducted simultaneously with several mechanical-electric pressure transducers vary by more than 4%.
(3) the controls of the secondary calibration must be carried:
1. when one of the following anomalies are encountered during the shooting to determine of the gas pressure of the ammunition: a) variability.
b) not display of the values;
c) escape of gas;
2. controls of the sensitivity of the pressure transducer are at least every 500 shots with the value of the measured pressure making.
Leaving a pressure transducer
47. (1) irregularities detected in the calibrations of a pressure transducer, the trials carried out at least twice after each of the pressure transducer has been cleaned and dried at 65 ° C. This is to ensure that the electrode is always the required accuracy limits (§ 41 para 2).
(2) the mechanical electrical pressure transducer must be discarded if yet one of the following defects is detected:
1 instability of the measurements at the same pressure and any attempt that is higher than 2%;
2. linearity deviation in the curve of the primary calibration by more than 1%;
3. determination of deviations of the pressure transducer during the calibration process.
Choice of calibrator
These are a reference pressure to suspend, which serves as the primary variable section 48 (1) for the study of static behavior of mechanical electrical pressure transducer using a static calibrator (pressure gauge scale).
(2) for the review of the correspondence between the dynamic sensitivity in measurements, and the static sensitivity calibration is a dynamic calibrator (oil bomb, reference ammunition with multi-tiered loads, shock wave tube) to use.
(3) the choice of the calibrator is to perform according to the scale of the pressure sensor to be calibrated. With regard to the functioning of the calibrator, the technical instructions of its manufacturer must be observed. The mounting instructions of the manufacturer of the pressure transducer is also to be observed. There are, this information to use appropriate adapters. In particular, it is to avoid that air in the hydraulic circuit is included.
(4) before making an adjustment, the insulation resistance (Risol) of the mechanical electrical pressure transducer with the help of an insulation Tester (high voltage ohmmeter) is to measure:
1. is Risol > 1 · 1012, the calibration can be performed.
2. is Risol