Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9583951B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-11-21 22:37:21
Document Index: 790860012

Matched Legal Cases: ['§119', 'art.\n2', 'art.\n9', 'art.\n14', 'art.\n15', 'art.\n18']

US9583951B2 - Wireless power system with capacitive proximity sensing - Google Patents
US9583951B2
US9583951B2 US14/875,449 US201514875449A US9583951B2 US 9583951 B2 US9583951 B2 US 9583951B2 US 201514875449 A US201514875449 A US 201514875449A US 9583951 B2 US9583951 B2 US 9583951B2
US14/875,449
US20160028245A1 (en
2012-10-11 Priority to US13/649,848 priority patent/US9056039B1/en
2015-10-05 Application filed by Qualcomm Inc filed Critical Qualcomm Inc
2015-10-05 Priority to US14/875,449 priority patent/US9583951B2/en
2016-01-28 Publication of US20160028245A1 publication Critical patent/US20160028245A1/en
2016-03-01 Assigned to QUALCOMM INCORPORATED reassignment QUALCOMM INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VON NOVAK, WILLIAM H, KALLAL, Edward, Monat, Pavel
2017-02-28 Publication of US9583951B2 publication Critical patent/US9583951B2/en
238000007600 charging Methods 0 abstract claims description 117
230000001702 transmitter Effects 0 abstract description 79
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/649,843, filed Oct. 11, 2012, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional App. No. 61/684,626, filed Aug. 17, 2012, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Receive circuitry 510 may provide an impedance match to the receive coil 518. Receive circuitry 510 includes power conversion circuitry 506 for converting a received RF energy source into charging power for use by the device 550. Power conversion circuitry 506 includes an RF-to-DC converter 520 and may also in include a DC-to-DC converter 522. RF-to-DC converter 520 rectifies the RF energy signal received at receive coil 518 into a non-alternating power with an output voltage represented by Vrect. The DC-to-DC converter 522 (or other power regulator) converts the rectified RF energy signal into an energy potential (e.g., voltage) that is compatible with device 550 with an output voltage and output current represented by Vout and Tout. Various RF-to-DC converters are contemplated, including partial and full rectifiers, regulators, bridges, doublers, as well as linear and switching converters.
FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram model 800 of the transmitter 404 of FIG. 4, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the invention. FIG. 8A models a portion of the transmitter 404 in an embodiment where the object 760 (FIG. 7A) is not near. In other words, the object 760 is not within a distance sufficient to be coupled with any of the metallic plates V1-V8. As shown in FIG. 8A, the model 800 includes a current source Isource, a resistor Rsource, a transmit coil Lcoil, a capacitor Ccoil-plate between the coil and the metallic plate, and a capacitor Cplate-ground between at least one metallic plate V1-V8 and ground. The model 800 further includes a presence detector 880 configured to sample the sense voltage Vsense1 on at least one of the metallic plates V1-V8, and a controller 815 configured to adjust a characteristic of the transmitter 404 such as, for example, transmit power, transmit frequency, etc. The sense voltage Vsense can be the voltage at any point on any of the metallic plates V1-V8. In some embodiments, the sense voltage Vsense is measured with respect to ground. In the model 800, the sense voltage Vsense1, is given by equation 1, below (where w is the 2π times the operating frequency of the wireless charging system).
V SENSE 1 = ( jω ⁢ ⁢ L COIL ⁢ R SOURCE ⁢ I SOURCE jω ⁢ ⁢ L COIL + R SOURCE ) * ( C PLATE - COIL C PLATE - COIL + C PLATE - GROUND ) ( 1 )
FIG. 8B is the schematic diagram model 800 of FIG. 8A, in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the invention. FIG. 8B models a portion of the transmitter 404 in an embodiment where the object 760 (FIG. 7A) is near. In other words, the object 760 is within a distance sufficient to be coupled with at least one of the metallic plates V1-V8. As shown in FIG. 8B, the model 800 includes a current source Isource, a resistor Rsource, a transmit coil Lcoil, a capacitor Ccoil-plate between the coil and the metallic plate, a capacitor Cplate-ground between at least one metallic plate V1-V8 and ground, and a capacitor Cplate-object between the object 760 and at least one metallic plate V1-V8. The model 800 further includes the presence detector 880 configured to sample the sense voltage Vsense2 on at least one of the metallic plates V1-V8, and the controller 815 configured to adjust a characteristic of the transmitter 404 such as, for example, transmit power, transmit frequency, etc. In the model 800, the sense voltage Vsense2, is given by equation 2, below (where w is the 2π times the operating frequency of the wireless charging system).
V SENSE 1 = ( jω ⁢ ⁢ L COIL ⁢ R SOURCE ⁢ I SOURCE jω ⁢ ⁢ L COIL + R SOURCE ) * ( C PLATE - COIL C PLATE - COIL + C PLATE - GROUND + C PLATE - OBJECT ) ( 2 )
In an embodiment, the coupling includes a capacitive coupling between the non-charging object and the second part. For example, the second parameter can be the amplitude or phase of the voltage Vsense on the metallic plate V1. The amplitude or phase of the voltage Vsense on the metallic plate V1 can indicate, for example, one or more of: the capacitance Cplate-ground the capacitance Cplate-object and the capacitance Ccoil-plate for the plate V1.
generating an electromagnetic field to wirelessly transfer power to a receive antenna, via a transmit antenna of a wireless power transmission system,
exciting a first non-transmitting part of the wireless power transmission system, which is coupled to the transmit antenna; and
detecting, in the presence of a non-charging object, a first change in a parameter indicative of a coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna excites the first non-transmitting part via capacitive coupling.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part comprises capacitive coupling.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first non-transmitting part comprises a conducting plate.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-charging object comprises at least one of: a living object, and a parasitic receiver.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising varying a characteristic of the wireless power transmission based on said change.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the varied characteristic of the wireless power transmission comprises at least one of: a transmit power, and a transmit frequency.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said detecting the first change in the parameter indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part comprises:
in the absence of the non-charging object:
receiving a calibration input;
detecting an envelope of the calibration input; and
sampling the detected envelope of the calibration input; and
in the presence of the non-charging object:
receiving an input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part;
detecting an envelope of input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part; and
comparing the calibration input to the input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said detecting the first change in the parameter indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part comprises:
receiving a reference input and an input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part;
xoring the reference input with the input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part;
integrating the xored inputs over alternate halves of a square wave cycle;
sampling the alternately integrated xored inputs at alternate halves of the square wave cycle; and
hysteretically comparing the alternately sampled, alternately integrated xored inputs.
exciting a second non-transmitting part of the wireless power transmission system, which is coupled to the transmit antenna;
comparing said first and second changes to determine at least one of a location of said object, and an orientation of said object.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising controlling a device input based on the determined location or orientation.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the device input comprises at least one of: a charging rate, a music control, a data synchronization, and a power control.
13. A system configured to provide wireless power transmission comprising:
a first non-transmitting part;
a transmit antenna configured to provide wireless power and to excite the first non-transmitting part coupled thereto; and
a circuit configured to detect, in the presence of a non-charging object, a first change in a parameter indicative of a coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein said circuit configured to detect the first change in the parameter indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part comprises:
an envelope detector configured to receive:
a calibration input, the absence of the non-charging object, and
an input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part, in the presence of the non-charging object;
an envelope detector configured to:
detect an envelope of the calibration input, the absence of the non-charging object, and
detect an envelope of input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part, in the presence of the non-charging object; and
a hysteretic comparator configured to compare the calibration input to the input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein said detecting the first change in the parameter indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part comprises:
a second inverter configured to receive an input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part;
at least one xor gate configured to xor outputs of the first and second inverters;
a first and second integrator each configured to integrate an output of the at least one xor gate over alternate halves of a square wave cycle;
a first and second sample-and-hold circuit, each configured to sample an output of the first and second integrator, respectively, at alternate halves of the square wave cycle; and
a hysteretic comparator configured to compare outputs from the first and second sample-and-hold circuits.
17. An apparatus for wireless power transmission comprising:
means for transmitting wireless power and for exciting the first non-transmitting part coupled thereto; and
means for detecting a first change in a parameter indicative of a capacitive coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said means for detecting the first change in the parameter indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part comprises:
means for, in the absence of the non-charging object:
means for, in the presence of the non-charging object:
19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said means for detecting the first change in the parameter indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part comprises:
means for receiving a reference input and an input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part;
means for xoring the reference input with the input indicative of the coupling between the non-charging object and the first non-transmitting part;
means for integrating the xored inputs over alternate halves of a square wave cycle;
means for sampling the alternately integrated xored inputs at alternate halves of the square wave cycle; and
means for hysteretically comparing the alternately sampled, alternately integrated xored inputs.
means for exciting a second non-transmitting part of the wireless power transmission system, which is coupled to the transmit antenna;
means for comparing said first and second changes to determine at least one of a location of said object, and an orientation of said object.
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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VON NOVAK, WILLIAM H;MONAT, PAVEL;KALLAL, EDWARD;SIGNING DATES FROM 20121023 TO 20121106;REEL/FRAME:037865/0843