Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4951130B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-12-11 00:55:12
Document Index: 756924565

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 8', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 35', 'art 59', 'art 61', 'art 5', 'art 9']

JP4951130B2 - Organic light emitting device and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
JP4951130B2
JP4951130B2 JP2011028643A JP2011028643A JP4951130B2 JP 4951130 B2 JP4951130 B2 JP 4951130B2 JP 2011028643 A JP2011028643 A JP 2011028643A JP 2011028643 A JP2011028643 A JP 2011028643A JP 4951130 B2 JP4951130 B2 JP 4951130B2
JP2011028643A
JP2011096679A (en
2005-09-22 Priority to JP2005276861 priority Critical
2005-09-22 Priority to JP2005276861 priority
2011-02-14 Application filed by パナソニック株式会社, 淳二 城戸 filed Critical パナソニック株式会社
2011-02-14 Priority to JP2011028643A priority patent/JP4951130B2/en
2011-05-12 Publication of JP2011096679A publication Critical patent/JP2011096679A/en
2012-06-13 Publication of JP4951130B2 publication Critical patent/JP4951130B2/en
The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting device used for a flat display panel, a backlight for a liquid crystal display, a light source for illumination, and the like, and a method for manufacturing the same.
An organic light-emitting device called an organic electroluminescence device (organic EL device) is formed on the surface of one side of a transparent substrate in the order of a transparent electrode serving as an anode, a hole transport layer, an organic light-emitting layer, an electron injection layer, and an electrode serving as a cathode. A laminated structure is known as an example. By applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode, electrons injected into the light emitting layer through the electron injection layer and holes injected into the light emitting layer through the hole transport layer are regenerated in the light emitting layer. As a result, the excited state is generated to emit light, and the light emitted from the light emitting layer is extracted through the transparent electrode and the transparent substrate.
Organic light-emitting elements are characterized by being self-luminous, exhibiting relatively high-efficiency light-emitting characteristics, and capable of emitting light in various colors, and can emit light from display devices such as flat panel displays. It is expected to be used as a body or as a light source, for example, a backlight for a liquid crystal display or illumination, and a part thereof has already been put into practical use. However, the organic light emitting element has a trade-off relationship between the luminance and the lifetime, and has a property that the lifetime is shortened when the luminance is increased in order to obtain a clearer image or bright illumination light.
In order to solve this problem, in recent years, an organic light-emitting device has been proposed in which a plurality of light-emitting layers are provided between an anode and a cathode, and a layer for forming an equipotential surface between each light-emitting layer or a charge generation layer is provided. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
FIG. 16 shows an example of the structure of such an organic light-emitting element. A plurality of light-emitting layers 22 are provided between an electrode 20 serving as an anode and an electrode 21 serving as a cathode, and an equipotential is provided between adjacent light-emitting layers 22. A layer that forms a surface or a charge generation layer 23 is laminated, and this is laminated on the surface of the transparent substrate 24. The electrode 20 is a light-transmissive electrode, and the electrode 21 is a light-reflective electrode. It is formed as an electrode. In FIG. 16, a hole transport layer and an electron injection layer are provided on both sides of the light emitting layer 22, but the hole transport layer and the electron injection layer are not shown. By dividing the plurality of light emitting layers 22 by the equipotential surface forming layer or the charge generation layer 23 in this way, when a voltage is applied between the electrodes 20 and 21, the plurality of light emitting layers 22 are connected in series. In this state, the light is emitted simultaneously and the light from each light emitting layer 22 is added. Therefore, when a constant current is applied, the light can be emitted with higher brightness than the conventional organic light emitting element, and the brightness-lifetime trade-off as described above can be achieved. It is possible to avoid turning off.
However, problems such as emission luminance, viewing angle dependency of the emission spectrum, film thickness dependency, and decrease in light utilization efficiency, which are known in organic light emitting elements, have a film thickness on the order of optical wavelength. Optical interference effect, organic due to total reflection, derived from being a thin film device, having a reflective surface consisting of a refractive index step or a metal surface in the element, and generating light in a high refractive index medium These problems are more conspicuous in organic light-emitting devices having a plurality of light-emitting layers as described above, due to phenomena such as light confinement in a high-refractive index medium such as a light-emitting layer, a substrate, and an electrode. Will occur.
If the light interference effect is appropriately used, it is possible to improve color purity, control directivity, etc., and is particularly useful for applications such as flat panel displays. For example, in Patent Document 2, the optical distance between the light emitting layer and the light reflective electrode is adjusted to an odd multiple of 1/4 wavelength, or the optical distance between the light emitting position and the maximum refractive index step position is set to 1/4 wavelength. It is described that it is possible to emphasize this wavelength by adjusting to an even number of times, and it is known that the optical distance between the light emitting layer and the light reflective electrode has a great influence on the light emission spectrum. It has been. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses that the most efficient light emission can be obtained by making all the optical film thicknesses from the respective light emitting positions of the plurality of light emitting layers to the light reflective electrodes an odd multiple of 1/4 wavelength. It is described that the emission spectrum shape becomes narrower.
However, as described above, the optical distance between the light-emitting layer and the light-reflective electrode, the optical distance between the light-emitting layer and the maximum refractive index step position, that is, the color purity is optimized by optimizing the film thickness of the element. In the organic light-emitting element, fluctuations in emission luminance and emission color when the film thickness changes are large. This means that the film thickness tolerance at the time of manufacturing the organic light emitting device is narrowed, which directly leads to the problem of productivity. In particular, in the above organic light emitting device having a structure in which a plurality of light emitting layers, equipotential surface forming layers, or charge generation layers are laminated, the optical characteristic deviation (abnormal film thickness / refractive index) of any of the layers is other. Even the optical position of this layer is affected, so that the accuracy and necessity of film thickness control is further increased.
Further, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 3, it is efficient to set the optical distance between the light emitting layer and the light reflective electrode to an odd number (2n + 1) [n = 0, 1, 2,. Although it is preferable from the viewpoint, in reality, as the value of n increases, there arises a new problem that the angle dependency of luminance and spectrum increases. That is, in an organic light emitting device having only one light emitting layer, the film thickness is often designed with an optical length corresponding to n = 0 in many cases, and therefore, variations in light emission luminance and light emission color with respect to film thickness change are not necessarily large. However, in an organic light emitting device having a plurality of light emitting layers as described above, each light emitting layer is necessarily located at a position (2n + 1) [n = 0, 1, 2,. Therefore, as the number of layers increases, a specific wavelength is more remarkably emphasized, and an emission spectrum that is significantly different from the spectrum originally possessed by the light emitting layer is given, and at the same time, the angle dependency is increased. Therefore, an organic light emitting device having a plurality of light emitting layers as described above can surely achieve high current efficiency and quantum efficiency that cannot be achieved by conventional organic light emitting devices, but its emission spectrum. In addition, the viewing angle dependency does not necessarily have preferable characteristics.
On the other hand, in the organic light emitting device having the structure shown in FIG. 16, since a plurality of light emitting layers are connected in series, the current value supplied to each light emitting layer is always the same, and the light emission color of each light emitting layer is changed. Individual control during driving is virtually impossible. When manufacturing an organic light emitting device, it is possible to obtain an organic light emitting device in which each light emitting layer emits light in various light emission colors by selecting and designing each light emitting layer so as to exhibit a predetermined light emitting color. However, once the emission color is determined, it cannot be changed. In addition, for example, when a plurality of light emitting layers exhibiting RGB emission colors are stacked, white light emission can be obtained by adding the light emission colors, but the light emission characteristic behavior with respect to the luminance of the light emitting layer exhibiting each light emission color If they are different, there arises a problem that the emission color at each luminance changes. Further, when the life of each of the plurality of light emitting layers is different, the emission color from the previously deteriorated light emitting layer decreases with driving, which causes a problem of color shift. For example, when an organic light emitting element is used as a light emission source of a display, the color balance of the displayed emission color is out of order, and when used as a light source of illumination, deterioration is visually recognized as a color shift, which is not preferable. .
Patent Document 4 proposes a stacked organic light emitting device in which a plurality of light emitting layers having electrodes are stacked. This organic light-emitting element is formed by laminating a plurality of light-emitting layers having independent or partly shared electrodes through an insulating layer as necessary, and is said to be usable for display applications. . However, even in the organic light emitting device having this structure, the distance between the light emitting layers is small even when an insulating layer is inserted, and the above-described problem of optical interference cannot be avoided. In fact, on the premise that there is optical interference, Patent Document 4 proposes an element design policy in which the position of each light emitting layer is set based on the light emission wavelength to emit light with high color purity. This proposal uses interference design, and the main point is that, as in the case of Patent Document 2, the distance between the light emitting layer and the light reflecting layer is set to a film thickness that emphasizes light of a predetermined wavelength. Therefore, the problem of the angle dependence of the emission wavelength still exists. As described above, the organic light emitting device having the structure of Patent Document 4 can change the light emission color during driving, but other problems, in particular, the angle of the light emission color when the number of stacked light emitting layers is increased. The dependency problem is not solved.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-329748 JP 2000-323277 A JP 2003-272860 A JP 2001-511296 A
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the angle dependency of the emission spectrum is small, and high-quality light emission that exhibits light emission of a desired color tone can be realized regardless of the angle, and the color tone can be adjusted. An object of the present invention is to provide a possible organic light emitting device.
The organic light-emitting device according to the present invention includes a first light-emitting portion formed with a light-emitting layer between a pair of electrodes, and a second light-emitting portion formed with a light-emitting layer between a pair of electrodes. An organic light-emitting device formed by laminating a plurality of electrodes, wherein all the four electrodes are light transmissive, and light reflection having light reflectivity outside one of the electrodes located outside The light emitted from the light emitting layer of the light emitting part on the side not having the light reflecting layer between the first light emitting part and the second light emitting part, The light-emitting layer includes a light-transmissive insulating layer that scatters light emitted from the light-emitting layer.
The organic light-emitting device according to the present invention includes a first light-emitting portion formed with a light-emitting layer between a pair of electrodes, and a second light-emitting portion formed with a light-emitting layer between a pair of electrodes. The above-mentioned four electrodes are light-transmitting, and the first and second electrodes are disposed outside one of the electrodes located outside. A light reflecting layer having a light reflecting property through a light-transmitting insulating layer that has a thickness that does not cause interference with light emitted from the light emitting layer of the light emitting part or scatters light emitted from these light emitting layers It is characterized by comprising.
In the organic light-emitting device, at least one of the first and second light-emitting portions is formed with a plurality of light-emitting layers that are stacked via an equipotential surface layer or a charge generation layer between electrodes. It is preferable.
In the organic light-emitting device, a light-transmitting insulating layer having a thickness that does not cause interference of light emitted from the light-emitting layer and a light-transmitting insulating layer that scatters light emitted from the light-emitting layer are formed of a glass plate or a film. It is preferable.
In the method for manufacturing an organic light emitting device according to the present invention, when manufacturing the organic light emitting device, the light emitted from the light emitting layer has a thickness that does not cause interference, or the light emitted from the light emitting layer is scattered. A step of laminating an electrode, a light emitting layer, and an electrode in this order on the surface of the light transmissive substrate to form one of the first and second light emitting portions, and an electrode on the surface of the second light transmissive substrate. A step of stacking the light emitting layer and the electrode in this order to form either the first light emitting portion or the second light emitting portion, and a light emitting portion formed on the second light transmitting substrate on the first light transmitting substrate. And laminating two light-emitting portions via a first light-transmitting substrate.
The method for manufacturing an organic light-emitting device according to the present invention provides a light-transmitting property in which the light emitted from the light-emitting layer has a thickness that does not cause interference or the light emitted from the light-emitting layer is scattered when the organic light-emitting device is manufactured. A step of laminating an electrode, a light emitting layer, and an electrode in this order on the surface of the substrate to form one of the first and second light emitting portions, and the opposite surface on which the light emitting portion of the light transmitting substrate is formed And a step of laminating an electrode, a light emitting layer, and an electrode in this order to form either the first or second light emitting portion.
The light emission layer has a thickness that does not cause interference, or a light-transmitting insulating layer that scatters the light emitted from these light emission layers. Therefore, high-quality light emission that exhibits light emission of a desired color tone can be realized. In addition, by having a light-transmitting insulating layer between the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit, both the light emitting units can be electrically separated, and each light emitting unit can be driven independently. It is possible to obtain an organic light emitting device capable of changing the light emission characteristics of each light emitting portion as required and capable of adjusting the color tone.
An example of the layer structure of the organic light emitting element which concerns on this invention is shown, (a), (b) is a schematic diagram, respectively. An example of the layer structure of the organic light emitting element which concerns on this invention is shown, (a), (b) is a schematic diagram, respectively. An example of the layer structure of the organic light emitting element which concerns on this invention is shown, (a), (b) is a schematic diagram, respectively. An example of the manufacturing method of the organic light emitting element which concerns on this invention is shown, (a)-(c) is schematic. An example of the manufacturing method of the organic light emitting element which concerns on this invention is shown, (a), (b) is schematic, respectively. An example of the manufacturing method of the organic light emitting element which concerns on this invention is shown, (a)-(c) is schematic. (A) is a top view of the glass substrate with ITO used for an Example, (b), (c) is a top view of the mask used for an Example. (A), (b), (c) is a top view of the mask used for an Example. It is a schematic plan view of the organic light emitting element of an Example. The organic light emitting element of an Example is shown, (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view. It is a front view which shows the organic light emitting element of an Example. It is a schematic plan view of the organic light emitting element of an Example. (A) is a graph showing the emission spectrum of the organic light emitting device of Example 1, (b) is a graph showing changes in the front emission spectrum when the emission intensity ratio is variously changed, and (c) is the emission intensity of the above. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a ratio and a color tone. (A) is a graph showing the emission spectrum of the organic light emitting device of Example 7, (b) is a graph showing the change in the emission spectrum when the white light emitting device and the red light emitting device are made to emit light at an arbitrary current ratio, (C) is a graph which shows the change in the CIE chromaticity coordinate of the luminescent color same as the above. It is a graph which shows the change on the CIE chromaticity coordinate of the luminescent color in each angle when the organic light emitting element of Example 7 and Comparative Example 3 is rotated in the range of 0 degree to 80 degrees. It is the schematic which shows a prior art example.
FIG. 1A shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention. A first light-emitting layer 3 is formed by laminating a first light-emitting layer 3 between first and second electrodes 1 and 2. The light-emitting portion 4 and the second light-emitting portion 8 formed by laminating the second light-emitting layer 7 between the third and fourth electrodes 5 and 6 are replaced with the light-transmitting insulating layer 9. These are formed on the substrate 26 so as to be formed as an organic light emitting element (organic EL light emitting element). In the first light emitting unit 4, one of the first and second electrodes 1 and 2 is an anode and the other is a cathode. In the second light emitting unit 8, the third and fourth electrodes are used. Among 5 and 6, one is an anode and the other is a cathode. Further, after the first to fourth electrodes 1, 2, 5, and 6, the first electrode 1 positioned outside the first light emitting unit 4 or the fourth electrode 6 positioned outside the second light emitting unit 8. Any one of these is formed as a light-reflective electrode, and all the others are formed as light-transmissive electrodes.
In the embodiment of FIG. 1A, the first electrode 1, the first light emitting layer 3, the second electrode 2, the light-transmissive insulating layer 9, the third electrode 5, The second light emitting layer 7 and the fourth electrode 6 are stacked in this order, and light emitted from the light emitting layers 3 and 7 is extracted from the substrate 26 side as indicated by arrows in FIG. In this case, the substrate 26 is formed as a light transmissive substrate with a transparent resin plate or a transparent resin sheet, and the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2, and the third electrode 5 are respectively light transmissive electrodes. The fourth electrode 6 is formed as an electrode having light reflectivity.
The first and second light-emitting layers 3 and 7 constituting the first and second light-emitting portions 4 and 8 can be of any known structure and composition. It can be formed as a light emitting layer that emits light from a material, a doped light emitting layer in which a dopant is introduced into a so-called host material, a light emitting layer having a structure in which two or more light emitting layers having different compositions are stacked or juxtaposed. Here, a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a carrier block layer, and the like are laminated between the light emitting layers 3 and 7 and the electrodes 1, 2, 5, and 6 as necessary. However, these layers are not shown in FIG. 1 (the same applies to each of the drawings described later).
Of the first to fourth electrodes 1, 2, 5, 6, the material of the light transmissive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the function of the organic light emitting device, but ITO, IZO, AZO , GZO, ATO, SnO 2 and other transparent conductive films, Ag, Au, Al and other metal thin films, conductive organic materials, or combinations thereof can be suitably used. The light transmissive electrode preferably has a high transmittance. In addition, the effect of the present invention can be obtained more effectively when the interface between the light transmissive electrode and the adjacent layer and / or the reflectivity of the electrode itself is low. The reflectance at the interface between the light transmissive electrode and the adjacent layer is, for example, between the light transmissive electrode and the layer adjacent to the light transmissive electrode (including the case of an air layer). It can be reduced by forming a so-called antireflection film. Or you may provide the layer of the refractive index located between both refractive indexes simply.
Further, the material of the light reflective electrode is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the function of the organic light emitting device and has sufficient light reflectivity, but is not limited to Al, Ag, Au, Ni, It is possible to suitably use Cr or another metal electrode, or a combination of the transparent conductive film and any reflective layer such as the metal electrode or dielectric multilayer film, or a conductive organic material.
The light-transmissive insulating layer 9 stacked between the first light-emitting unit 4 and the second light-emitting unit 8 is a light-emitting unit 4 on the side that does not have the light-reflecting electrode 6, that is, light emission on the side from which light is extracted. The light emitted from the light emitting layer 3 of the portion 4 is formed as a layer having a thickness that does not cause interference, or a layer that scatters the light emitted from the light emitting layer 3.
The light-transmitting insulating layer 9 having such a thickness that the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 3 of the light-emitting portion 4 on the light extraction side 4 does not cause interference is not particularly limited as long as it does not contradict the gist of the present invention. There is no light transmission material that can be formed by means such as vapor deposition, sputtering, CVD, etc., such as SiO 2 , SiO, SiN, LiF, MgF 2 , spin coating, dip of inorganic resin, organic resin, etc. Light-transmitting film formed by any printing method / coating method such as coating, coating, inkjet, gravure, screen, etc., and sheets, films, gels, seals, plates, etc. made of organic or inorganic materials It can be formed by a material that can be used depending on the situation. It is also possible to form the substrate itself holding the organic light emitting element. Here, the thickness at which light does not cause interference is not particularly limited as long as it is generally on the order of several times the emission wavelength, and is, for example, a thickness of about 1 μm to 3 mm.
The light-transmitting insulating layer 9 that scatters the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 3 of the light-emitting portion 4 on the light extraction side is a light-scattering component in the above-described layer, for example, a peripheral material that forms the layer and a refractive index. Scattering due to phase separation from surrounding materials, such as those containing different particles, foils, etc., or combinations with internal interfaces with different refractive indexes, for example, other materials laminated on uneven materials It can be formed of a combination of materials exhibiting properties, or a layer containing reflective particles, foil, surface, etc. in the layer. The film thickness of the light-transmissive insulating layer 9 that scatters the light is not particularly limited, and can be arbitrarily set as required.
Further, as the light-transmissive insulating layer 9 having a thickness that does not cause interference of light, and the light-transmissive insulating layer 9 that scatters light, a glass plate or a film and the like, such as a resin plate, a plastic sheet, It is also possible to use a light-transmitting substrate such as a glass / plastic composite, a light-transmitting ceramic plate, a cured resin, and a sheet / film made of an organic / inorganic hybrid material. In this case, the insulating layer 9 can be formed of a glass plate or film by laminating the electrodes 1, 2, 5, 6 and the light emitting layers 3, 7 on the surface of the glass plate or film. And since a glass plate and a film also have a function as a substrate, a light-transmitting substrate 12 used when manufacturing an organic light-emitting element by the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 to be described later is formed from this glass plate or film. Is something that can be done.
FIG. 2 (a) shows an example of the embodiment of the invention, and the laminated structure is almost the same as that of FIG. 1 (a), but the first to fourth electrodes 1, 2, 5, 6 are All are formed as light-transmitting electrodes. A light reflecting layer having light reflectivity is provided outside either the first electrode 1 located outside the first light emitting unit 4 or the fourth electrode 6 located outside the second light emitting unit 8. 10 are stacked. When the light emitted from the light emitting layers 3 and 7 is extracted from the substrate 26 side as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 2A, the light reflecting layer 10 is formed on the outer surface of the fourth electrode 6.
The light reflection layer 10 formed on the outside of the electrode 6 may have a so-called specular reflection property, or may have a light scattering property and a diffuse reflection property. As a material having specular reflectivity, for example, any reflector that substantially exhibits specular reflection, such as a metal film of Al, Ag, or the like, or a reflection film made of a dielectric multilayer film can be used. Examples of the light scattering / diffuse reflecting properties include a reflective surface composed of a layer of particles such as barium oxide and titanium oxide, and a metal film or dielectric multilayer film formed on a surface having an uneven shape. Or a layer having a light-transmitting layer having a light scattering property, a light diffusing property, or a diffractive property on a reflecting film or a layer having a specular reflection property.
FIG. 3A shows an example of an embodiment of the invention. The first light emitting layer 3 is formed by laminating the first light emitting layer 3 between the first and second electrodes 1 and 2. It is formed in a structure in which a light emitting unit 4 and a second light emitting unit 8 formed by laminating a second light emitting layer 7 between the third and fourth electrodes 5 and 6 are laminated, These are provided on the substrate 26 to form an organic light emitting device (organic EL light emitting device). In the first light emitting unit 4, one of the first and second electrodes 1 and 2 is an anode and the other is a cathode. In the second light emitting unit 8, the third and fourth electrodes are used. Among 5 and 6, one is an anode and the other is a cathode. The first to fourth electrodes 1, 2, 5, 6 are all formed as light-transmitting electrodes, and the first electrode 1 or the second light emission located outside the first light-emitting portion 4. A light-transmissive insulating layer 9 having a thickness that does not cause interference of light emitted from the first and second light-emitting layers 3 and 7 on the outer side of one of the fourth electrodes 6 positioned outside the portion 8; Alternatively, the light reflecting layer 10 having light reflectivity is laminated and provided through the light-transmitting insulating layer 9 that scatters the light emitted from the first and second light emitting layers 3 and 7. When the light emitted from the light emitting layers 3 and 7 is extracted from the substrate 26 side as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3A, the light is transmitted through the light transmissive insulating layer 9 on the outer surface of the fourth electrode 6. The light reflecting layer 10 having reflectivity is formed. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, a light-transmitting insulating layer 14 is provided between the first light-emitting portion 4 and the second light-emitting portion 8. The light-transmitting insulating layer 14 is It is provided as necessary and is not necessarily required.
The same materials as those used above are used for the light transmissive electrodes 1, 2, 5, 6 and the light emitting layer 3, and the light transmissive insulating layer 9 having a thickness that does not cause interference or a light scattering property. It is possible. Further, the thickness of the light-transmitting insulating layer 14 between the first light-emitting portion 4 and the second light-emitting portion 8 is not particularly limited, and the presence or absence of light scattering is not particularly questioned. When this light-transmissive insulating layer 14 is not provided, it is possible to form the first light-emitting portion 4 and the second light-emitting portion 8 with a single electrode that shares the electrodes 2 and 5. For example, the anode for the first light emitting unit 4 / the first light emitting layer 3 / the cathode for the first light emitting unit 4 and the cathode for the second light emitting unit 8 / the second light emitting layer 7 / the first. An electrode can be formed such as an anode for the second light emitting portion 8.
In each of the embodiments described above, two examples of the light emitting unit, that is, the first light emitting unit 4 and the second light emitting unit 8, are given. Of these light emitting units, at least two adjacent light emitting units may satisfy the configuration of the first light emitting unit 4 and the second light emitting unit 8 as described above.
Each of the embodiments of FIG. 1B, FIG. 2B, and FIG. 3B includes a plurality of light-emitting layers 3 and 7 stacked via the layer 11 forming the equipotential surface or the charge generation layer 11. The light emitting portions 4 and 8 are formed to form so-called stacked, tandem, and multiphoton light emitting portions. Both the first and second light-emitting portions 4 and 8 may be formed of the plurality of light-emitting layers 3 and 7, and either one of the first and second light-emitting portions 4 and 8 may be formed in this manner. A plurality of such light emitting layers 3 and 7 may be formed. Examples of the material of the equipotential surface forming layer 11 or the charge generation layer 11 include metal thin films such as Ag, Au, and Al, metal oxides such as vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, rhenium oxide, and tungsten oxide, ITO, IZO, AZO, Transparent conductive film such as GZO, ATO, SnO 2 , so-called n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor laminate, metal thin film or transparent conductive film and n-type semiconductor and / or p-type semiconductor laminate, n-type semiconductor and p And a mixture of a n-type semiconductor and / or a p-type semiconductor and a metal. The n-type semiconductor or p-type semiconductor may be an inorganic material or an organic material, or a mixture of an organic material and a metal, an organic material and a metal oxide, an organic material and an organic acceptor / It may be obtained by a combination of a donor material, an inorganic acceptor / donor material, etc., and can be selected and used as needed without any particular limitation.
1, 2, and 3 formed as described above, the light emitted from the light emitting layer 3 of the first light emitting unit 4 and the light emitting layer 7 of the second light emitting unit 8 is And is taken out through the light-transmitting substrate 26. A part of the light emitted from the light emitting layer 3 of the first light emitting unit 4 or the light emitting layer 7 of the second light emitting unit 8 is reflected by the electrode 6 having light reflectivity in the embodiment of FIG. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the light is reflected by the light reflecting layer 10. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the light is reflected by the light reflecting layer 10, and is taken out through the light-transmitting substrate 26.
These organic light emitting devices of the present invention are provided with a light-transmitting insulating layer 9 having a thickness that does not cause interference of light or having light scattering properties, thereby reducing the angle dependency of the emission spectrum. It is something that can be done. The angle dependence of the emission spectrum is caused by the interference between the light generated from the light emission position and the light reflected by the reflection surface. By setting the distance from the surface to a distance that does not cause optical interference, the angle dependency can be reduced. The optical interference suppression effect corresponds to an optical length that is provided between the first and second light emitting units 4 and 8 and that does not substantially cause optical interference in the embodiment of FIGS. The light-transmitting electrode 9 is expressed by the light-transmitting insulating layer 9 or the light-scattering light-transmitting insulating layer 9 having the thickness to be used, and in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 6 is exhibited by the light-transmitting insulating layer 9 or the light-scattering light-transmitting insulating layer 9 having a thickness corresponding to the optical length substantially free of optical interference. The light emitting layer 7 of the light emitting unit 8 closest to the light reflecting surface is set by optical design such that, for example, the optical distance between the light emitting portion and the reflecting surface is an odd multiple of 1/4 wavelength. More preferably, by setting the distance between the light emitting part and the interface having the largest reflectance step located on the opposite side of the reflecting surface with respect to the light emitting part to an integral multiple of ¼ wavelength, Since an undesirable interference effect can be substantially suppressed, a method for suppressing the optical interference effect by such a film thickness design may be used in combination as necessary. Further, with respect to the light emitting layer 3 of the light emitting unit 4 on the side close to the light extraction side, that is, on the side far from the reflecting surface, it is possible to adjust an undesirable interference effect by designing the film thickness in the same manner. It is necessary to recognize and apply that the effect is relatively low.
The organic light emitting device according to the present invention has a structure in which the first and second light emitting portions 4 and 8 are formed between the different electrodes 1, 2, 5 and 6. . As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the light-transmitting insulating layers 9 and 14 are interposed between the first light-emitting portion 4 and the second light-emitting portion 8, whereby both the light-emitting portions 4 and 4. 8 is electrically disconnected, and each of the light emitting units 4 and 8 can be individually driven to emit light. In the case where the structure does not include the insulating layer 14 in FIG. 3, the electrodes may be shared by the first and second light emitting units 4 and 8 as described above. By having such an electrical structure, the first light emitting unit 4 and the second light emitting unit 8 can be driven by applying different electric fields as necessary, and the light emission characteristics can be changed as necessary. Is possible.
For example, in the case of a display in which a white organic light-emitting element is formed with the organic light-emitting element of the present invention and used in combination with a color filter, a light emitting unit that emits light of a color tone that is quickly deteriorated with respect to a white color shift that is a basic emission color It is possible to correct even during use by providing an element structure provided with other than the white light emitting portion. Alternatively, when light emitting units having the same emission color are stacked, intensity correction can be performed by causing a new light emitting unit to emit light as the light emission intensity decreases. On the other hand, in lighting applications, as mentioned in the case of the above-mentioned display, it can be used for correction of emission color misregistration and decrease in emission intensity, or, for example, a white light emitting portion and a red light emitting portion. Can be used for the purpose of obtaining a light source capable of toning light in the range of white light emission to red light emission. In addition, if necessary, it is possible to prepare a color tone to be adjusted and to adjust the color with the output ratio of the two light emitting units, or to provide three or more light emitting units and output each light emitting unit. By adjusting, color matching along the black body locus is also possible. The light emission color and the number of light emission parts of each light emission part can be arbitrarily set according to the above uses, purposes, and necessity.
The driving method of each of the first and second light emitting units 4 and 8 can be performed by combining existing arbitrary methods, and the relationship between the light emitting outputs of the light emitting units 4 and 8 can be set as appropriate. It can be done. The outputs of the light emitting units 4 and 8 may be controlled by any of voltage, current, and power, or may be adjusted by energizing with an arbitrary current / voltage waveform such as a pulse. The outputs of the light emitting units 4 and 8 can be controlled using various methods, and the light emitting units 4 and 8 may be controlled independently, or, for example, the emission color moves on a black body locus. As described above, the outputs of the light emitting units 4 and 8 may be controlled in accordance with a predetermined relationship.
The organic light-emitting device of the present invention can be manufactured by any method. For example, the transparent conductive film formed on the transparent substrate 26 is used as the light-transmitting first electrode 1, and the first electrode is formed thereon. The light-emitting layer 3 and then the light-transmissive second electrode 2 are laminated to form the first light-emitting portion 4, and the light-transmissive insulating layer 9 is laminated on the light-emitting layer 4. By laminating the transmissive third electrode 5 and the second light emitting layer 7 and further laminating the fourth electrode 6 having light reflectivity thereon, the second light emitting portion 8 is formed. 1 can be produced. Also, instead of the light-reflecting fourth electrode 6, a light-transmitting fourth electrode 6 is formed and a light-reflecting layer 10 is laminated thereon, whereby an organic light-emitting device as shown in FIG. Can be manufactured. The transparent conductive film formed on the transparent substrate 26 is used as the light transmissive first electrode 1, and the first light emitting layer 3 and then the light transmissive second electrode 2 are stacked thereon to form the first electrode 1. 1 light-emitting portion 4 is formed, and the light-transmitting insulating layer 14 is laminated as necessary. Then, the light-transmitting third electrode 5, the second light-emitting layer 7, and the light-transmitting property are formed thereon. 4th electrode 6 is laminated | stacked, the 2nd light emission part 8 is formed, Furthermore, after laminating | stacking said light-transmissive insulating layer 9 on this, laminating | stacking the light reflection layer 10 on this. Thus, an organic light emitting device as shown in FIG. 3 can be manufactured.
FIG. 4 shows an example of an embodiment of the manufacturing method. As shown in FIG. 4A, a first light-transmitting substrate 12 having a thickness that does not cause interference of light or a light scattering property is used. The light emitting section 31 is formed by laminating the electrode 28, the light emitting layer 29, and the electrode 30 in this order on the surface of the first light transmitting substrate 12. Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, the light emitting portion 35 is formed by laminating the electrode 32, the light emitting layer 33, and the electrode 34 in this order on the surface of the second light transmissive substrate 13. Then, as shown in FIG. 4C, the electrode 34 of the light emitting unit 35 formed on the second light transmitting substrate 13 is provided on the surface opposite to the surface on which the light emitting unit 31 of the first light transmitting substrate 12 is formed. By laminating the organic light emitting device, it is possible to obtain an organic light emitting element in which the two light emitting portions 31 and 35 are laminated via the first light transmitting substrate 12.
Here, the electrodes 28, 32, and 34 are formed of light-transmitting electrodes, and the electrode 30 is formed of a light-reflecting electrode, whereby the electrode 32 is the first electrode 1 and the electrode 34 is the second electrode. 2, the light emitting layer 33 is the first light emitting layer 3, the light emitting portion 35 is the first light emitting portion 4, the electrode 28 is the third electrode 5, the electrode 30 is the fourth electrode 6, and the light emitting layer 29 is the second light emitting. The layer 7, the light emitting unit 31 form the second light emitting unit 8, the first light transmitting substrate 12 forms the light transmitting insulating layer 9, and the second light transmitting substrate 13 forms the substrate 26, respectively. Thus, an organic light emitting device having the following structure can be obtained. Further, by forming the electrodes 28, 30, 32, and 34 as light transmissive electrodes and forming the light reflecting layer 10 on the outer side of the electrode 30, the organic light emitting device having the configuration shown in FIG. It can be done.
FIG. 5 shows an example of an embodiment of the manufacturing method. As shown in FIG. 5 (a), a light transmitting substrate 12 having a thickness that does not cause interference of light or a light scattering property is used. On the surface of the transmissive substrate 12, an electrode 28, a light emitting layer 29, and an electrode 30 are laminated in this order to form a light emitting unit 31. Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, an electrode 32, a light emitting layer 33, and an electrode 34 are laminated in this order on the surface of the light transmissive substrate 12 opposite to the side where the light emitting part 31 is formed. By forming 35, an organic light emitting element in which two light emitting portions 31 and 35 are laminated via the light transmissive substrate 12 can be obtained.
Here, the electrodes 28, 32, and 34 are formed of light-transmitting electrodes, and the electrode 30 is formed of a light-reflecting electrode, whereby the electrode 34 is the first electrode 1, and the electrode 32 is the second electrode. 2, the light emitting layer 33 is the first light emitting layer 3, the light emitting portion 35 is the first light emitting portion 4, the electrode 28 is the third electrode 5, the electrode 30 is the fourth electrode 6, and the light emitting layer 29 is the second light emitting. The organic light-emitting device having the structure of FIG. 1 can be obtained in which the second light-emitting portion 8 is formed by the layer 7 and the light-emitting portion 31, and the light-transmitting insulating layer 9 is formed by the light-transmitting substrate 12. Further, by forming the electrodes 28, 30, 32, and 34 as light transmissive electrodes and forming the light reflecting layer 10 on the outer side of the electrode 30, the organic light emitting device having the configuration shown in FIG. It can be done.
As in the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 described above, a light-transmitting substrate 12 having a thickness that does not cause interference of light or a light-scattering property is used, and the first light emitting unit 4 is provided on the light-transmitting substrate 12. By forming the second light-emitting portion 8, it is not necessary to separately form a separate light-transmitting insulating layer 9 having a thickness that does not cause light interference or light scattering. It can be reduced.
In the embodiment of FIG. 5 described above, an example in which the light emitting unit 31 and the light emitting unit 35 are respectively formed on both surfaces of one light transmissive substrate 12 has been shown. For example, as shown in FIG. In addition, the light emitting part 31 is formed on the light transmissive substrate 12a, and the light emitting part 35 is formed on another light transmissive substrate 12b as shown in FIG. 6B. As described above, the surface of the light transmissive substrate 12a opposite to the surface on which the light emitting portion 31 is formed is brought into contact with the surface on the opposite side of the surface on which the light emitting portion 35 of the light transmissive substrate 12b is formed. It can also be manufactured. In this case, the light transmissive substrate 12 is formed by two light transmissive substrates 12a and 12b, and can be regarded as optically similar to that of FIG. In the case of FIG. 6, the surfaces opposite to the light emitting portions 31 and 35 of the two light transmissive substrates 12a and 12b may be disposed close to each other. In this case, the space between the light transmissive substrates 12a and 12b is filled or adhered with a medium having a refractive index equivalent to that of the light transmissive substrates 12a and 12b, or is filled or adhered with a medium having scattering properties. Is preferred. In some cases, the light transmissive substrates 12a and 12b may be brought close to each other. According to the method of FIG. 6, it is not necessary to employ a process that is difficult to operate, such as forming the light emitting portions 31 and 35 on both surfaces of one light transmissive substrate 12, respectively, and the light transmissive substrate 12a. , 12b, the light emitting portions 31 and 35 are formed on one side, respectively, and an easy operation and a general process can be adopted.
(Preparation of blue light-emitting element A)
A glass substrate with ITO in which 1100 mm thick ITO (sheet resistance 12Ω / □) was formed on one surface of a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate was prepared. The glass substrate 40 with ITO was cut to the size shown in FIG. Next, this ITO-attached glass substrate was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning with pure water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol for 10 minutes each, followed by vapor cleaning with isopropyl alcohol vapor for 2 minutes, drying, and UV ozone cleaning for further 10 minutes.
Subsequently, the ITO-attached glass substrate was set in a vacuum deposition apparatus, and 4,4′- under a reduced pressure of 5 × 10 −5 Pa using a mask 43 provided with an opening 42 having the dimensions shown in FIG. Bis [N- (naphthyl) -N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl (“α-NPD” manufactured by e-Ray) and molybdenum oxide (MoO 3) in a film formation rate ratio of 3: 1, the total film formation rate is 1 The film was deposited to a thickness of 100 mm as 3 mm / s to form a hole injection layer on the ITO serving as the anode. Next, “α-NPD” was deposited on the hole injection layer at a deposition rate of 1 Å / s to a thickness of 700 、 to form a hole transport layer. Next, on the hole transport layer, a layer obtained by doping a dinaphthyl anthracene derivative (“BH-2” manufactured by Kodak Co., Ltd.) with 4% by mass of a distyrylarylene derivative ([Chemical Formula 1]) to a thickness of 500 mm is laminated. A light emitting layer for emitting light was provided. Next, on the light-emitting layer, bathocuproin (“BCP” manufactured by Dojindo Laboratories Co., Ltd.) is 100 mm thick, and “BCP” and Cs are co-deposited at a molar ratio of 100 mm to form an electron injection layer. Provided. Further thereon, “α-NPD” and molybdenum oxide (MoO 3) were deposited to a thickness of 100 mm with a film deposition rate ratio of 3: 1 and a total film deposition rate of 1.3 mm / s to form a charge generation layer. . Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, a hole transport layer having a thickness of 700 mm, a light emitting layer having a thickness of 500 mm, an electron transport layer having a thickness of 100 mm, and an electron injection layer having a thickness of 100 mm were stacked thereon. Further, a light-transmissive cathode is formed by laminating aluminum with a thickness of 100 mm at a film forming rate of 4 mm / s using a mask 45 provided with an opening 44 having the dimensions shown in FIG. As a result, a blue light-emitting element A in which two light-emitting layers emitting blue light were provided with a charge generation layer interposed therebetween was obtained.
(Preparation of yellow light-emitting element B)
An ITO 41 having a thickness of 1100 mm was formed on one side of a 150 μm thick glass plate with the dimensions shown in FIG.
This ITO-attached glass plate is set in a vacuum deposition apparatus, and using the mask of FIG. 7B, a molar ratio of “BCP” and Cs as an electron injection layer is formed on the ITO serving as the cathode in the same manner as described above. A 1: 1 co-deposited layer is 150 Å thick, “BCP” is 50 Å thick as an electron transport layer, and “BH-2” as a light emitting layer is 500 Å thick doped with 4% by mass of the material shown in [Chemical Formula 2]. As the transport layer, “α-NPD” was formed to a thickness of 400 mm, and as the hole injection layer, a layer in which “α-NPD” and molybdenum oxide were co-evaporated at a ratio of 3: 1 was formed to a thickness of 200 mm, and finally, FIG. Using the mask of c), aluminum is laminated at a thickness of 800 mm at a film forming rate of 4 mm / s to form a light-reflective anode, thereby obtaining a yellow light-emitting element B provided with a light-emitting layer that emits yellow light. It was.
(Preparation of white light emitting element C)
In the above (production of blue light-emitting element A), the second light-emitting layer is formed as a 50-thick layer in which “BH-2” is doped with 1% by mass of the compound of [Chemical Formula 2] and “BH-2”. A white light-emitting element C that emits white light in the same manner as in the above (Preparation of blue light-emitting element A), except that the compound of [Chemical Formula 1] is laminated with a layer having a thickness of 450 mm doped with 4% by mass of the compound of [Chemical Formula 1]. Got. The emission chromaticity of this white light emitting element C was (0.28, 0.37).
(Preparation of red light emitting element D)
In the above (production of yellow light-emitting element B), the light-emitting layer is formed by vapor-depositing tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq) with 2% by mass of DCJTB to a thickness of 500 mm. Otherwise, a red light-emitting element D that emits red light was obtained in the same manner as described above (production of yellow light-emitting element B).
(Preparation of white light emitting element E)
On the same glass substrate 40 with ITO as that used in the production of the blue light emitting element A, a mask 43 having an opening 42 having the dimensions shown in FIG. 7B is used, and BCP and Cs are used as electron injection layers. The co-deposited layer with a molar ratio of 1: 1 is 50 mm thick, the electron transport layer is 150 mm thick with Alq, the light emitting layer is BH-2 doped with 4% by mass of the material shown in [Chemical Formula 1], and the thickness is 500 mm thick. As a layer, α-NPD was deposited with a thickness of 600 mm, and as a hole injection layer, a layer in which α-NPD and molybdenum oxide were co-deposited at a ratio of 3: 1 was deposited with a thickness of 150 mm to provide a blue light emitting portion. Next, a co-deposited layer having a molar ratio of BCP and Cs of 1: 1 as the electron injection layer is 50 mm thick, Alq is 250 mm thick as the electron transport layer, BH-2 is used as the light emitting layer, and the material shown in [Chemical Formula 2] is 1.5 A 500% thick layer doped by mass%, 600-thick α-NPD as the hole transport layer, and 150-thick layer co-deposited α-NPD and molybdenum oxide at a ratio of 3: 1 as the hole injection layer, Was provided. Furthermore, as the electron injection layer, a co-deposited layer with a molar ratio of 1: 1 BCP and Cs is 50 mm thick, Alq is 150 mm thick as the electron transport layer, and BH-2 is doped with 4% by mass of the material shown in [Chemical Formula 1] as the light emitting layer. The thickness was 500 mm thick, α-NPD was 600 mm thick as a hole transport layer, and a layer in which α-NPD and molybdenum oxide were co-deposited at a ratio of 3: 1 was vapor deposited as a hole injection layer to a thickness of 200 mm to provide a blue light emitting portion. . Finally, gold having a thickness of 100 mm is vapor-deposited using a mask 45 having an opening 44 having the dimensions shown in FIG. 7C to form an anode, and LiF having a thickness of 600 mm is formed between the protective layer, the electrode and air. The white light emitting device E was obtained by vapor deposition as a layer having a specific refractive index.
(Preparation of white light emitting element F)
Three kinds of light emitting layers were formed in the same manner as the white light emitting element E, and an anode was formed by vapor-depositing Al having a thickness of 800 mm instead of the last gold electrode, whereby a white light emitting element F was obtained.
The blue light-emitting element A is set in a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and LiF is formed to a thickness of 20 μm using a mask 48 provided with an opening 47 having the dimensions shown in FIG. 8A on the cathode of the blue light-emitting element A. A light-transmitting insulating layer having a thickness that does not cause interference of light was formed by vacuum deposition. Next, on this insulating layer, a transparent anode is formed by forming a gold film with a thickness of 100 mm using a mask 50 provided with an opening 49 having the dimensions shown in FIG. Using a mask 43 provided with an opening 42 having the dimensions shown in FIG. 7B, a layer in which “α-NPD” and molybdenum oxide are co-deposited at a ratio of 3: 1 is used as a hole injection layer in a thickness of 1200 mm, and the hole is transported. “Α-NPD” is 500 Å thick as a yellow light emitting layer, “BH-2” is doped with 4% by mass of the material shown in [Chemical Formula 2] as a yellow luminescent layer, and 500 Å is thick as “BCP” as an electron transport layer. As a thickness and electron injection layer, a co-deposited layer having a molar ratio of “BCP” and Cs of 1: 1 was formed in a thickness of 150 mm in this order, and finally a mask 70 provided with an opening 69 having the dimensions shown in FIG. Using aluminum, it has a thickness of 800 mm and has light reflectivity. An organic light emitting device having a structure in which a yellow light emitting device G emitting yellow light is laminated on a blue light emitting device A through a light-transmitting insulating layer having a thickness that does not cause interference. (See the structure in FIG. 1).
In this organic light emitting device, as shown in FIG. 9, a power source 54 is connected to the anode 52 and the cathode 53 of the lower blue light emitting device A, and a power source 57 is connected to the anode 55 and the cathode 56 of the upper yellow light emitting device G. By doing so, the light emitting portions of the elements A and G can be energized.
As shown in FIG. 10 (a), a glass plate 60 of yellow light-emitting element B is laminated on the light-emitting part 59 of the blue light-emitting element A on the surface opposite to the light-emitting part 61, whereby a glass having a thickness of 150 μm is obtained. An organic light-emitting element having a structure in which the blue light-emitting element A and the yellow light-emitting element B are stacked through a light-transmitting insulating layer having a thickness that does not cause interference with the light formed by the plate 60 was obtained (structure in FIG. 1). reference).
In this organic light emitting device, as shown in FIG. 10B, the power source 54 is connected to the anode 52 and the cathode 53 of the blue light emitting device A, and the power source 64 is connected to the anode 62 and the cathode 63 of the yellow light emitting device B. As a result, the light emitting portions of the elements A and B can be energized.
On the surface opposite to the ITO formation surface of the glass plate 40 with ITO of the blue light emitting element A (the surface on the side where the light emitting portion 59 was not formed), the deposition after gold deposition as a transparent electrode in Example 1 was performed. In the same manner as in Example 1, a yellow light-emitting element H is formed, and a blue light-emitting element A is formed through a light-transmitting insulating layer having a thickness that does not cause interference of light formed by a 0.7 mm-thick glass plate. An organic light emitting device having the structure of FIG. 11 in which the yellow light emitting device H and the yellow light emitting device H were stacked was obtained (see the structure of FIG. 1).
By overlapping the white light emitting element C and the red light emitting element D in the same manner as in Example 2, the light formed by the glass plate having a thickness of 150 μm passes through a light-transmitting insulating layer having a thickness that does not cause interference. An organic light emitting device having a structure in which the light emitting device C and the red light emitting device D were laminated was obtained (see the structure in FIG. 1).
In Example 1, in place of the LiF insulating layer, a 3 μm-thick SiON film formed by CVD has a particle size of 2 μm and a particle size of 4 μm on a three-bond photocurable resin “30Y-431” of 1: 1. A light scattering insulating layer was formed by coating 50 wt% of titanium oxide particles mixed at a weight ratio of 12 wt. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, an organic light emitting device having a structure in which a yellow light emitting device G was laminated on a blue light emitting device A through a light scattering insulating layer was obtained (FIG. 1). See structure).
The blue light-emitting element A is set in a vacuum deposition apparatus, and using the mask of FIG. 7B, the BCP and Cs molar ratio of 1: 1 is formed on the cathode of the blue light-emitting element A as an electron injection layer. The deposited layer is 150 mm thick, the electron transport layer is “BCP” is 50 mm thick, the light emitting layer is “BH-2” doped with 4% by mass of the material shown in [Chemical Formula 2], and the hole transport layer is “α” -NPD "has a thickness of 400 mm, and a layer in which" α-NPD "and molybdenum oxide are co-evaporated at a ratio of 3: 1 is formed as a hole injection layer in a thickness of 200 mm, and each is formed in this order, and then the mask of FIG. Then, 800 mm thick IZO is formed as a light transmissive anode, and further a 500 mm thick SiON film is sputtered thereon to form a light transmissive insulating layer having a thickness that does not interfere with light. Photo curable resin 30Y-431 "was coated with a thickness of 20 μm and cured, and finally 1000 mm thick Al was provided as a light reflecting layer to obtain an organic light emitting device in which the blue light emitting device A and the yellow light emitting device I were laminated (see FIG. 3 (see the structure in which the insulating layer is not provided). In this organic light emitting device, the cathodes of the blue light emitting device A and the yellow light emitting device I were used as a common electrode, and a power source was connected to the anode of each device.
The white light emitting element E and the red light emitting element D were laminated | stacked by the positional relationship with which the light emitting surface overlaps each substrate surface using the adhesive agent of refractive index 1.5, and the organic light emitting element was obtained.
In this organic light emitting device, as shown in FIG. 12, a power source 68 is connected to the cathode 66 and the anode 67 of the red light emitting device D, and a power source 71 is connected to the cathode 69 and the anode 70 of the white light emitting device E. The light emitting portions of the elements D and E can be energized. At this time, light emission is obtained through the gold electrode which is the anode 70 of the white light-emitting element E.
In Example 1, an organic light emitting device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film thickness of LiF as an insulating layer was set to 1000 mm.
In Example 1, an organic light emitting device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the LiF insulating layer was not formed. In this organic light emitting device, since the cathode of the blue light emitting device A and the anode of the yellow light emitting device G are electrically coupled, the power source is connected to the anode of the blue light emitting device A and the cathode of the yellow light emitting device G. I did it.
White light emitting element F was used alone to obtain white light emission.
As described above, the organic light-emitting devices obtained in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were connected to a power source (KEITHLEY model 2400), driven at a constant current, and CIE chromaticity was measured using a multichannel analyzer (Hamamatsu Photonics). It was measured using “PMA-11” manufactured by company: measuring distance 25 cm). In Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, from the front of the organic light emitting element, from the direction of 45 degrees with respect to the front, in Example 7 and Comparative Example 3, from the front of the organic light emitting element, Spectrum evaluation was performed from the direction of 20 degrees, 40 degrees, and 60 degrees with respect to the front.
And about the organic light emitting element obtained in Example 1, the emission spectrum when energized so that the X value of the chromaticity coordinates when viewed from the front is 0.30 and 45 degrees observed from the front direction What was observed from the angle is shown in FIG. FIG. 13B shows changes in the front emission spectrum when various emission intensity ratios are changed. The difference in spectrum observed from the front and 45 degrees is relatively small, the chromaticity from the front is (0.30, 0.39), and the chromaticity from 45 degrees is (0.31, 0.40). there were. Further, by changing the emission intensity ratio as shown in FIG. 13C, it can be seen that light emission in an arbitrary color tone on the line connecting the emission color of the blue light emitting element A and the emission color of the yellow light emitting element G is possible. . In the organic light emitting device of Example 4, the emission color could be any on the line connecting white and red.
Next, in the organic light-emitting device obtained in Example 7, the emission spectrum observed when only the white light-emitting device E emits light is observed from the front, 20 degrees, 40 degrees, and 60 degrees directions as shown in FIG. Shown in As can be seen from FIG. 14A, the angle dependence of the emission spectrum is small. FIG. 14B shows a change in emission spectrum when the white light emitting element E and the red light emitting element D are driven at an arbitrary current ratio. As shown in FIG. 14B, it can be seen that a broad emission spectrum in which both spectra are arbitrarily mixed is obtained. FIG. 14C shows the change of the emission color on the CIE chromaticity coordinates at this time. As can be seen in FIG. 14 (c), it was possible to obtain any emission color in the vicinity of the line connecting that of the white light emitting element E and that of the red light emitting element D.
For comparison, the change in the CIE chromaticity coordinates of the emission color at each angle when the organic light-emitting device of Example 7 was rotated in the range of 0 to 80 degrees was compared with Comparative Example 3. Along with the change in the CIE chromaticity coordinates of the emission color of the white light emitting element F used, it is shown in FIG. In FIG. 15, “▲” and “Δ” indicate the chromaticity range indicated by the observation angle range of 0 to 80 degrees when the element of Example 7 is driven under each condition. Further, “◇” indicates the chromaticity range indicated by the white light emitting element of Comparative Example 3 in the range of 0 to 80 degrees. As can be seen from FIG. 15, the change of the emission color of the organic light emitting device of Example 7 according to the observation angle is very small in any emission color. On the other hand, the white light emitting element of Comparative Example 3 has a very large change in the emission color depending on the observation angle.
Moreover, about each Example and each comparative example, the measurement result of the chromaticity of a front direction and the chromaticity of a 45 degree direction is put together in Table 1, and is shown. Since Example 7 and Comparative Example 3 were evaluated in detail as described above, they are not described in Table 1.
As shown in the evaluation in “Angle Dependency of Chromaticity” in Table 1, each example has a small angle dependency of emission chromaticity, but each comparative example has a large angle dependency of chromaticity. Met. In addition, as described in “Color tone adjustment” in Table 1, each of the examples can drive the stacked elements, and the color tone can be adjusted. Since the elements are electrically connected, each element cannot be driven, and color tone adjustment is impossible.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st electrode 2 2nd electrode 3 1st light emitting layer 4 1st light emitting part 5 3rd electrode 6 4th electrode 7 2nd light emitting layer 8 2nd light emitting part 9 Light transmission insulation Layer 10 Light reflecting layer 11 Equipotential surface forming layer / charge generation layer 12 First light transmitting substrate 13 Second light transmitting substrate 14 Light transmitting insulating layer
Organic light emission formed by laminating a first light emitting part formed with a light emitting layer between a pair of electrodes and a second light emitting part formed with a light emitting layer between a pair of electrodes An element having a light reflecting layer on the outside of one of the electrodes located on the outside, and having a light reflecting layer having a light reflecting property; The light emitted from the light emitting layer of the light emitting part on the side not having the light reflecting layer is scattered between the light emitting part and the second light emitting part, or the light emitted from the light emitting layer is scattered. An organic light emitting device comprising a light transmissive insulating layer.
Organic light emission formed by laminating a first light emitting part formed with a light emitting layer between a pair of electrodes and a second light emitting part formed with a light emitting layer between a pair of electrodes All four electrodes described above are light transmissive, and light is emitted from the light emitting layers of the first and second light emitting portions outside one of the electrodes located outside. It is characterized by comprising a light reflecting layer having a light reflecting property through a light-transmitting insulating layer that scatters light emitted from these light emitting layers or has a thickness that does not cause interference with light. Organic light emitting device.
It is characterized in that at least one of the first and second light emitting portions is formed with a plurality of light emitting layers that are stacked via a layer that forms an equipotential surface or a charge generation layer between electrodes. The organic light emitting device according to claim 1 or 2.
A light-transmitting insulating layer having a thickness that does not cause interference of light emitted from the light-emitting layer and a light-transmitting insulating layer that scatters light emitted from the light-emitting layer are formed of a glass plate or a film. The organic light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. When manufacturing the organic light-emitting device according to claim 1, the first light transmission has a thickness in which the light emitted from the light emitting layer does not cause interference or the light emitted from the light emitting layer is scattered. A step of laminating an electrode, a light emitting layer, and an electrode in this order on the surface of the transparent substrate to form one of the first and second light emitting portions, and an electrode, light emission on the surface of the second light transmissive substrate A layer and an electrode are laminated in this order to form either the first or second light emitting part, and the light emitting part formed on the second light transmissive substrate is laminated on the first light transmissive substrate. And a step of laminating the two light emitting portions via the first light transmissive substrate. A method for manufacturing an organic light emitting element, comprising:
When manufacturing the organic light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a light-transmitting substrate having a thickness that does not cause interference with light emitted from the light emitting layer or scatters light emitted from the light emitting layer. On the surface, an electrode, a light emitting layer, and an electrode are laminated in this order to form one of the first and second light emitting portions, and on the opposite surface on which the light emitting portion of the light transmitting substrate is formed, And a step of laminating an electrode, a light emitting layer, and an electrode in this order to form either the first or the second light emitting portion, and a method for producing an organic light emitting element.
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