Source: https://wikivisually.com/lang-de/wiki/Wehrbeauftragter_des_Deutschen_Bundestages
Timestamp: 2018-04-20 01:27:33
Document Index: 165550501

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 45', 'Art. 45', '§ 18', '§ 11', '§ 13', '§ 7', '§ 9']

Wehrbeauftragter des Deutschen Bundestages - WikiVisually
Rechtliche Stellung/Rechtsgrundlagen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Verfassungsrechtlich ist das Amt des Wehrbeauftragten in Art. 45b Grundgesetz (GG) geregelt. Darüber hinaus gibt es gemäß Art. 45b Satz 2 GG das Gesetz über den Wehrbeauftragten des Deutschen Bundestages (Kurz: WBeauftrG). Der Wehrbeauftragte ist kein Beamter, sondern steht in einem öffentlich-rechtlichen Amtsverhältnis und darf zur gleichen Zeit kein anderes besoldetes Amt bekleiden und keinen anderen Beruf ausüben, nach der herrschenden Meinung (h. M.) ist der Wehrbeauftragte als "Hilfsorgan des Bundestages" Teil der Legislative.[2] Sein Gehalt ergibt sich aus § 18 Abs. 1 WBeauftrG in Verbindung mit § 11 Abs. 1 Bundesministergesetz und entspricht der Besoldungsgruppe B 11.
Zu seiner Wahl bedarf es gemäß § 13 WBeauftrG der Mehrheit der Mitglieder des Bundestages, er wird auf fünf Jahre gewählt und vom Bundestagspräsidenten ernannt. Vorschlagsberechtigt sind der Verteidigungsausschuss, die Bundestagsfraktionen und so viele Abgeordnete, wie nach der Geschäftsordnung der Stärke einer Fraktion entsprechen.
Im Wehrbeauftragtengesetz ist festgelegt, dass der Wehrbeauftragte auf Eingabe von Soldaten der Bundeswehr oder auf eigene Initiative immer dann tätig wird, wenn ihm Umstände bekannt werden, die auf eine Verletzung der Grundrechte der Soldaten oder der Grundsätze der Inneren Führung schließen lassen. Jeder Soldat der Bundeswehr hat nach § 7 WBeauftrG das Recht, „sich einzeln ohne Einhaltung des Dienstweges unmittelbar an den Wehrbeauftragten zu wenden. Wegen der Tatsache der Anrufung des Wehrbeauftragten darf er nicht dienstlich gemaßregelt oder benachteiligt werden“, er hat jährlich dem Deutschen Bundestag in einem schriftlichen Bericht über seine Arbeit zu berichten. Zu seinen Rechten gehört, dass er jede Bundeswehrdienststelle ohne Anmeldung besuchen darf, Auskunft und Akteneinsicht fordern kann und dass er – außer gegenüber dem Deutschen Bundestag und dem Verteidigungsausschuss – nicht weisungsgebunden ist.
Der Wehrbeauftragte war bis 1999 in dem einstigen Gebäude des Hotels Godesberger Hof im Bonner Stadtbezirk Bad Godesberg ansässig. Der neue Amtssitz des Wehrbeauftragten ist in der Neustädtische Kirchstraße 15 an der Ecke Neustädtische Kirchstraße und Dorotheenstraße in Berlin-Mitte. Schräg gegenüber, in der Neustädtischen Kirchstraße 4–5, befand sich bis 2008 die US-amerikanische Botschaft.
Der Wehrbeauftragte in der Aufbau- und Konsolidierungsphase der Bundeswehr[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Die Jahresberichte der Wehrbeauftragten enthielten in der Aufbauphase der Bundeswehr oft ein wenig erfreuliches Bild der Menschenführung, die Bundeswehr wurde unter Einbeziehung von Angehörigen des Bundesgrenzschutzes und der früheren Wehrmacht aufgebaut. Das Konzept der Inneren Führung, nach dem jeder Soldat – auch der Wehrpflichtige – „Staatsbürger in Uniform“ blieb, war diesen nicht nur neu, sondern wurde auch teilweise abgelehnt, auch später finden sich in den Berichten Beschwerden von meist wehrpflichtigen Soldaten über Grundrechtsverletzungen und Schikanen durch Vorgesetzte, der Schwerpunkt ändert sich jedoch durch Eingaben von Zeit- und Berufssoldaten zu Personal-, Fürsorge-, Laufbahn- und Statusfragen. Die Zahl der Beschwerden wuchs auf einen Jahresdurchschnitt von 6.000.[3] Die Behörde des Wehrbeauftragten wuchs entsprechend und legte den Schwerpunkt ihrer Arbeit stärker auf die Prävention.
Entwicklung der Eingaben beim Wehrbeauftragten[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Die folgende Grafik zeigt die Anzahl der Eingaben an den Wehrbeauftragen von 1995 bis 2014, bezogen auf 1000 Soldaten, der höchste Wert wurde mit 27,7 Eingaben im Berichtsjahr 2013 erreicht, der niedrigste mit 9,6 Eingaben pro 1000 Soldaten im Berichtsjahr 1966.[4]
Arbeitsweise des Wehrbeauftragten[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Der Wehrbeauftragte verfügt über verschiedene Erkenntnisquellen. Zum einen stehen ihm persönliche Eindrücke aus Truppenbesuchen und sonstigen Gesprächen mit Soldaten zur Verfügung. Daneben wenden sich jedes Jahr zahlreiche Soldaten schriftlich mit Eingaben an ihn. Zur Erfüllung seiner Aufgaben kann sich der Wehrbeauftragte bei der Bearbeitung der Eingaben auf seine rund 50 Mitarbeiter stützen, um die Eingaben bewerten zu können, müssen von der Bundeswehr Stellungnahmen erbeten werden. Nach § 9 WBeauftrG soll allerdings dem Einsender Vertraulichkeit über seine Eingabe und seinen Namen gewährt werden, wenn dieser es wünscht. Die Stellungnahmen werden dann – gegebenenfalls nach umfangreichen Ermittlungen seitens der zuständigen militärischen Vorgesetzten – beim Wehrbeauftragten ausgewertet und das Ergebnis dem Einsender der Eingabe mitgeteilt, da der Wehrbeauftragte selbst über keine exekutiven Möglichkeiten verfügt, müssen notwendige Abhilfemaßnahmen durch die militärischen Vorgesetzten ergriffen werden.
Wehrbeauftragte seit 1959[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Seit der Einführung des Amtes 1959 haben insgesamt zwölf Personen das Amt des Wehrbeauftragten des deutschen Bundestages bekleidet. Fünf Wehrbeauftragte wurden aus dem Lager der Unionsfraktionen (CDU, CSU) gewählt, vier aus dem der SPD und zwei stellte die FDP, der erste Wehrbeauftragte, Helmuth von Grolman, war parteilos.[5]
Eigener Wehrdienst der Wehrbeauftragten[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Von den zwölf Wehrbeauftragten des Deutschen Bundestages leisteten neun Wehrdienst (bzw. Kriegsdienst) ab. Sechs bekleideten einen Offizierdienstgrad (bzw. Reserveoffizierdienstgrad). Hellmuth Heye und Helmuth von Grolman waren hochrangige und dekorierte Admirale bzw. Generale der Wehrmacht, der einzige Zivildienstleistende war Reinhold Robbe. Dienst in der Bundeswehr taten bisher die Wehrbeauftragten Hellmut Königshaus und Hans-Peter Bartels.
↑ Klein, Maunz/Dürig, Grundgesetz-Kommentar, 73. EGL 2014, Rn. 14.
Normdaten (Körperschaft): GND: 2119270-4 (AKS) | LCCN: n85075539 | VIAF: 126730470
Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wehrbeauftragter_des_Deutschen_Bundestages&oldid=174557182“
1. Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland – The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany is the constitutional law of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Basic Law was approved on 8 May 1949 in Bonn and its original field of application comprised the states of the Trizone that were initially included in the then West German Federal Republic of Germany, but not West Berlin. As part of the Two Plus Four Agreement of 1990 between the two parts of Germany and all four Allied Powers, a series of amendments were agreed to be implemented. In the subsequent Unification Treaty of 1990, this amended Basic Law was adopted as the constitution for a united Germany, the German word Grundgesetz may be translated as either Basic Law or Fundamental Law. Nevertheless, although the amended Basic Law was finally to be approved in 1990 by the full Allied Powers, the authors of the Basic Law sought to ensure that a potential dictator would never again have the chance to come into power in the country. Although some of the Basic Law is based on the Weimar republic constitution, Fundamental rights are guaranteed in Germany by the Federal Constitution and in some state constitutions. In the Basic Law, most fundamental rights are guaranteed in the first section of the same name and they are subjective public rights with constitutional rank which bind all authorities of the state. Hence, these rights are called the rights identical to fundamental rights, since initially the Basic Law did not apply for all of Germany, its legal provisions were only valid in its field of application. This legal term was used in West German legislation when West German laws did not apply to the entirety of Germany. Article 23 of the Basic Law provided other de jure German states, initially not included in the field of application of the Basic Law, therefore, although the Basic Law was considered provisional, it allowed more parts of Germany to join its field of application. In other parts of Germany it shall be put into force on their accession, the Saar held no separate referendum on its accession. The Communist regime in East Germany fell in 1990, East Germanys declaration of accession included the East German territories into the field of application of the Basic Law. After the changes of the Basic Law, mostly pertaining to the accession in 1990, the negotiations ended with the conclusion that a democratic and federal West German state was to be established. These papers—amongst other points—summoned the Ministerpräsidenten to arrange a constitutional assembly, with the specific request of a federal structure of a future German state the Western Powers followed German constitutional tradition since the foundation of the Reich in 1871. The Ministerpräsidenten were reluctant to fulfill what was expected from them, a few days later they convened a conference of their own on Rittersturz ridge near Koblenz. They decided that any of the Frankfurt requirements should only be implemented in a formally provisional way, so the constitutional assembly was to be called Parlamentarischer Rat and the constitution given the name of Grundgesetz instead of calling it a constitution. The Ministerpräsidenten prevailed and the Western Powers gave in concerning this highly symbolic question, the draft was prepared at the preliminary Herrenchiemsee convention on the Herreninsel in the Chiemsee, a lake in southeastern Bavaria. The delegates at the Convention were appointed by the leaders of the newly formed Länder, on 1 September 1948 the Parlamentarischer Rat began working on the exact wording of the Grundgesetz
2. Deutscher Bundestag – The Bundestag is a constitutional and legislative body at the federal level in Germany. For its similar function, it is described as a lower house of parliament along the lines of the US House of Representatives. The German constitution, however, does not define the Bundestag, since 1999 it has met in the Reichstag Building in Berlin. Norbert Lammert is the current President of the Bundestag, Members of the Bundestag are usually elected every four years by all adult German citizens in a mixed system of constituency voting and list voting. There are currently 631 seats, however, one – belonging to the CDU – remains vacant. The Election Day, however, can be if the Federal Chancellor loses a vote of no confidence. In the 19th century the name Bundestag was the designation for the assembly of the sovereigns and mayors of the Monarchies. Its seat was in the Free City of Frankfurt on the Main, two decades later, the current parliament building was erected. The Reichstag delegates were elected by direct and equal male suffrage, the Reichstag did not participate in the appointment of the Chancellor until the parliamentary reforms of October 1918. After this the Reichstag met only rarely, usually at the Krolloper following the Reichstag fire starting in 1933 to unanimously rubber-stamp the decisions of the government and it last convened on 26 April 1942. With the new constitution of 1949, the Bundestag was established as the new German parliament, the Bundeshaus in Bonn is the former Parliament Building of Germany. The sessions of the German Bundestag were held there from 1949 until its move to Berlin in 1999, today it houses the International Congress Centre Bundeshaus Bonn and in the north areas the branch office of the Bundesrat. The southern areas became part of German offices for the United Nations in 2008, the former Reichstag building housed a history exhibition and served occasionally as a conference center. The Reichstag building was occasionally used as a venue for sittings of the Bundestag and its committees and the Bundesversammlung. In 2005, an aircraft crashed close to the German parliament. It was then decided to ban private air traffic over Central Berlin, together with the Bundesrat, the Bundestag is the legislative branch of the German political system. The committees play a prominent role in this process, Plenary sessions provide a forum for members to engage in public debate on legislative issues before them, but they tend to be well attended only when significant legislation is being considered. This check on executive power can be employed through binding legislation, public debates on government policy, investigations, for example, the Bundestag can conduct a question hour, in which a government representative responds to a previously submitted written question from a member
5. Grundrechte (Deutschland) – In the Federal Constitution, the majority of the Grundrechte are contained in the first title, Articles 1 to 19 of the Grundgesetz. These rights have constitutional status, binding each of the countrys constitutional institutions, in the event that these rights are violated and a remedy is denied by other courts, the constitution provides for an appeal to the Federal Constitutional Court. According to this article, the Constitutional Court is entitled to hear appeals concerning not just the Grundrechte contained in Arts,20,33,38,101,103 and 104. These rights are therefore referred to as grundrechtsgleiche Rechte or colloquially also as fundamental rights. In addition to the Grundrechte, the Constitution guarantees a number of public rights. These however are not Grundrechte as they are not contained under the first title of the constitution or in the mechanism to the Federal Constitutional Court. There are also lists of rights in the majority of state constitutions. Landesrechte which mirror Bundesrechte are therefore disregarded in favour of the Bundesrechte, many state constitutions which were written after the Federal Constitution do not contain their own lists of fundamental rights at all. All the Grundrechte have an effect on each of the constitutional institutions, regardless of whether it is the executive, legislature or judiciary. Rights under the German constitution can also be divided between universal fundamental rights, which are afforded to everyone, and German fundamental rights, to which only Germans are entitled, the reason for the separation is largely due to democratic will and the protection of sovereignty. The Deutschengrundrechte include the rights to freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of abode and freedom to work, as well as the right to vote and stand for public office. The restriction of these only to Germans does not just refer to German citizenship. While some Grundrechte apply only to Germans, there are some on which only non-Germans can rely, some of the Deutschengrundrechte also apply for other citizens of the European Union with or without residence in Germany regarding their rights to move freely within Germany or to work. Nevertheless it is disputed whether all German fundamental rights apply to them in light of the prohibition of discrimination contained in Art and this article requires that all citizens of the EU are given equal status and equality of protection under all legal systems in the community. According to their contents, the Grundrechte can also be divided into freedom rights, although the Grundgesetz might be changed with a 2/3 majority of the Bundestag, the Fundamental Rights are protected by article 19. Modification on the first 18 articles is only allowed as long as the contents remain unchanged. English translation of the German Constitution
7. Bad Godesberg – Bad Godesberg is a municipal district of Bonn, southern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. From 1949 till 1999, the majority of embassies to Germany were located in Bad Godesberg. Some buildings are used as embassy branch offices or consulates. Bad Godesberg is located along the hills and cliffs of the west bank of the Rhine river, in west central Germany. Godesberg is also the name of the hill, of volcanic origin, on the top of which are the ruins of the Godesburg. 1210 - On 15 October, Archbishop of Cologne Dietrich I lays the foundation stone of the Godesburg fortress on the Godesberg mountain,1583 - On 17 December, the Godesburg is destroyed by Bavarian troops after Archbishop Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg converted to Protestantism. 1792 - Godesberg becomes a spa resort,1925 - Godesberg is allowed to call itself Bad Godesberg, identifying it as a spa. 1935 - Bad Godesberg attains the status of a town,1938 - Neville Chamberlain meets with Hitler over the Sudetenland crisis at the Rheinhotel Dreesen in Bad Godesberg. Hitler’s demands concerning Czechoslovakia expressed in Godesberg Memorandum,1945 - Bad Godesberg was the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle. 1959 - The Social Democratic Party of Germany decided on a new party program,1969 - Godesberg was incorporated into the city of Bonn. Since that time, it has referred to as the posh part of Bonn. Bonn-Bad Godesberg station is on the Left Rhine line and the line 16 and 63 of the Bonn Stadtbahn, the town is twinned with several towns, Saint-Cloud in France Frascati in Italy Maidenhead in England Kortrijk in Belgium. Official website Bad Godesberg section of Bonn city website Information for a popular stop/start along the KD Rhine Cruise
8. Berlin-Mitte – Mitte is a central locality of Berlin in the homonymous district of Mitte. Until 2001 it was itself an autonomous district and it comprises the historic centre of Alt-Berlin around the churches of St. Nicholas and St. For these reasons Mitte is considered the heart of Berlin, the history of Mitte corresponds to the history of the entire city until the early 20th century, and with the Greater Berlin Act in 1920 it became the first district of the city. It was among the areas of the city most heavily damaged in World War II and this ended on 1 January 1961, when western Staaken was incorporated into then East German Falkensee, which had already been under its de facto administration since 1 June 1952. Between 1961 and 1990 Mitte, one of the most important boroughs of East Berlin, one of the most important border crossings was Checkpoint Charlie, near Kreuzberg. Situated in central Berlin and mostly in its old town, it is traversed by the river Spree and it borders the localities of Tiergarten, Moabit, Wedding, Gesundbrunnen, Prenzlauer Berg, Friedrichshain, and Kreuzberg
9. Bundesgrenzschutz – Bundesgrenzschutz was the first federal police organization in Western Germany after World War II permitted by the Allied occupation authorities. In July 2005, the BGS was renamed Bundespolizei to reflect its transition to a police agency. This was controversial due to the German constitution expressly granting law enforcement power to the states, the fact that the border guard function was so limited allowed its formation notwithstanding this restriction, however in the modern day it has become a fully fledged police force. The BGS was established in 1951 after the Cold War had begun, occupation authorities judged this could be better policed by a permanent force of Germans who knew the border woods and mountains intimately and at German rather than Allied expense. The BGS was organized along paramilitary lines in battalions, companies, and platoons and it remained a police force controlled by the Ministry of Interior rather than by the Ministry of Defense. On 3 October 1953 The Bundespasskontrolldienst was transferred to the BGS and was now deployed on the entire German border, the BGS was initially a paramilitary force of 10,000 which was responsible for policing a zone 30 kilometres deep along the border. It eventually became the basis for the present national semi-militarised police force and its numbers were later expanded to 20,000 men, a mixture of conscripts and volunteers equipped with armoured cars, anti-tank guns, helicopters, trucks and jeeps. It had limited powers within its zone of operations to enable it to deal with threats to the peace of the border. The BGS had a reputation for assertiveness which made it unpopular with the East Germans. It also sustained a long-running feud with the Bundeszollverwaltung over which agency should have the responsibility for the inner German border. In 1972 the BGS became responsible for the security of the Federal Constitutional Court, the Bundespräsidenten, the Bundeskanzler, the Foreign Office, on 1 January 1974 the BGS became an all volunteer force and in 1987 started recruiting women. One June 1990 saw the elimination of border patrols and control of persons at the Inner-German border, the strength of the BGS was 24,000 in early 1995. Among other things, it was equipped with armored cars, machine guns, automatic rifles, tear gas, hand grenades, rifle grenades, all personnel on border and security duty wore sidearms. Five units had light aircraft and helicopters to facilitate access to remote border areas and for patrol. Some units because of specialised training and equipment, as well as operational area were in effect Mountain Troops and it was equipped with fourteen large patrol craft and several helicopters. In addition to controlling Germanys border, the BGS Alert police served as a reserve force to deal with major disturbances. The BGS guarded airports and foreign embassies, and several highly trained detachments are available for crisis situations requiring demolition equipment, helicopters. Up to 1972 the BGS was organized in eight units known as Grenzschutzgruppen GSG-1 to GSG-8, the GSG-9 won world attention when it rescued eighty-six passengers on a Lufthansa Flight 181 airliner which was hijacked to Mogadishu, Somalia, in 1977
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