Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8206504?dq=5,598,374
Timestamp: 2017-08-22 00:23:33
Document Index: 607924993

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 200680007989', 'Application No. 200680007990', 'Application No. 200680007990', 'Application No. 200680007989', 'Application No. 200680007990', 'Application No. 2007']

Patent US8206504 - Synthetic aggregates comprising sewage sludge and other waste materials and ... - Google Patents
In one example of an embodiment of the invention, a method for producing an aggregate is disclosed comprising mixing sewage sludge from a waste water treatment facility with a non-coal combustion ash silicoaluminous waste material, agglomerating the mixture to form an agglomerate, and pyroprocessing...http://www.google.com/patents/US8206504?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8206504 - Synthetic aggregates comprising sewage sludge and other waste materials and methods for producing such aggregates
Publication number US8206504 B2
Application number US 12/658,079
Also published as US7655088, US20060213397, US20100144949
Publication number 12658079, 658079, US 8206504 B2, US 8206504B2, US-B2-8206504, US8206504 B2, US8206504B2
Inventors Sophia Bethani
Original Assignee Alkemy, Ltd.
Patent Citations (113), Non-Patent Citations (83), Referenced by (8), Classifications (55), Legal Events (7)
US 8206504 B2
mixing sewage sludge with a non-coal ash silicoaluminous waste material;
pyroprocessing the agglomerate to a temperature up to 1350° C. to form a lightweight aggregate having a relative density less than 2 grams per cubic centimeter.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising pyroprocessing the agglomerate in a rotary kiln.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sewage sludge is from a waste water treatment facility.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste material comprises one or more of the following: municipal solid waste incinerator residues, waste glass, blast furnace slag, kiln dusts, or mining waste.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the mining waste comprises granite sawing residues.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the municipal solid waste incinerator residues comprise one or more of the following: air pollution control residues or incinerator bottom ash.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the air pollution control residues comprise one or more of the following: municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash or municipal solid waste incinerator filter dusts.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the kiln dusts comprise cement kiln dusts.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste material comprises more calcium than the sewage sludge.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste material comprises less calcium than the sewage sludge.
19. A method for producing an aggregate, comprising:
mixing sewage sludge from a waste water treatment facility with a non-coal ash, silicoaluminous waste material;
pyroprocessing the agglomerate to a temperature up to 1350° C. to expand the agglomerate to form an aggregate having pores.
20. The method of claim 19, comprising pyroprocessing the agglomerate in a rotary kiln.
21. The method of claim 19, comprising pyroprocessing the agglomerate to form a lightweight aggregate having a relative density of less than 2 grams per cubic centimeter.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the waste material comprises one or more of the following: municipal solid waste incinerator residues, waste glass, blast furnace slag, kiln dusts or mining waste.
25. A method for producing a lightweight aggregate, comprising:
mixing sewage sludge from a waste water treatment facility with a non-coal ash silicoaluminous waste material;
agglomerating the mixture to form an agglomerate;
pyroprocessing the agglomerate to form a lightweight aggregate having a relative density less than 2 grams per cubic centimeter; and
26. The method of claim 25, controlling at least one of density or water absorption of the aggregate based, at least in part, on the proportion and the temperature.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein the waste material comprises one or more of the following: municipal solid waste incinerator residues, waste glass, blast furnace slag, kiln dusts, or mining wastes.
30. The method of claim 25, comprising pyroprocessing the agglomerate to sinter the agglomerate.
31. The method of claim 25, comprising pyroprocessing the agglomerate to vitrify and expand the agglomerate.
32. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste material comprises municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash.
33. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste material comprises air pollution control residues.
34. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste material comprises waste glass.
35. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste material comprises blast furnace slag.
36. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste material comprises kiln dusts.
37. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste material comprises mining waste.
38. The method of claim 16, wherein the mixture comprises up to about 20% plastic binder.
pyroprocessing the agglomerate in a temperature range of from 1000° C. up to 1350° C.
pyroprocessing the agglomerate in a temperature range up to about 1150° C.
pyroprocessing the agglomerate in a temperature range up to about 1140° C.
pyroprocessing the agglomerate in a temperature range of from about 970° C. up to about 1140° C.
pyroprocessing the agglomerate in a temperature range of from about 980° C. to about 1110° C.
44. The method of claim 40, comprising:
pyroprocessing the agglomerate in a temperature range of from about 970° C. up to about 1150° C.
45. The method of claim 11, comprising:
mixing from 90% to 80% sewage sludge by dry weight of the mixture with from 10% to 20%% of the waste material by dry weight of the mixture.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/332,459, which was filed on Jan. 13, 2006 and claimed the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/721,888, which was filed on Sep. 28, 2005, both of which are assigned to the assignee of the present application, and both of which are incorporated by reference herein.
SS SS SS Waste
Constituent (Sample X) (Sample Y) (Sample Z) glass
SiO2 16.02 31.24 39.50  71.7
Al2O3 6.83 6.22 3.80 2.1
Fe2O3 2.35 6.33 6.70 0.3
CaO 20.28 12.12 3.20 9.4
MgO 3.00 2.25 — 2.8
Na2O 0.30 0.58 0.69 12.1
K2O 0.59 0.32 0.28 0.9
TiO2 0.38 0.41 0.47 0.1
P2O5 3.90 2.64 2.43 2.43
SO3 1.85 2.11 2.87 2.87
Constituent Sample X Sample Y Sample Z
As 30 20 20
Ba 400 300 300
Cl 940 1200 1300
Cr 700 900 900
Cu 300 200 300
Mn 90 100 100
Ni 100 100 100
Pb 200 300 300
Rb 20 20 20
Sr 300 100 100
Y 10 100 10
Zn 1200 2300 3400
Zr 100 90 100
(SS/WG) Temperature Density Absorption
Sample X (° C.) (g/cm3) (%)
100/0  920 1.18 44.56
930 1.44 36.84
940 1.82 22.34
950 2.19 3.41
960 2.48 1.50
970 1.96 0.42
980 1.70 0.15
60/40 970 1.46 28.54
980 1.50 26.32
990 1.62 18.42
1000 1.71 13.21
1010 1.92 7.44
1020 2.28 0.94
1030 2.55 0.26
1040 2.11 0.10
1050 1.99 0.04
1060 1.89 0.02
1070 1.82 0.01
1080 1.71 0.01
1090 1.58 0.01
40/60 1000 1.44 21.45
1010 1.59 16.23
1020 1.75 11.84
1030 1.94 3.01
1040 2.18 1.83
1050 2.31 0.86
1060 2.62 0.42
1070 2.28 0.14
1080 2.11 0.05
1090 1.95 0.03
1100 1.75 0.01
SS/WG (° C.) (%) (° C.) (%) (° C.) (%)
100/0  930 57.3 960 9.8 970 13.6
60/40 970 36.4 1030 9.3 1060 14.5
40/60 1000 22.2 1060 8.9 1100 13.9
0/100 1120 15.7 1200 5.9 1220 11.2
Relative Water Bulk
Temp. Dry Density Absorption Density ACV
Ratio SS/WG (° C.) (g/cm3) (%) (g/cm3) (%)
40/60 1000 1.44 21.45 0.72 22.2
1060 2.62 0.42 1.78 8.9
1100 1.75 0.01 1.03 13.9
Constituent SS (Sample X) SS (Sample Y) GSR
SiO2 16.02 31.24 65.17
Al2O3 6.83 6.22 14.75
Fe2O3 2.35 6.33 6.28
CaO 20.28 12.12 2.61
MgO 3.00 2.25 0.32
Na2O 0.30 0.58 2.02
K2O 0.59 0.32 4.22
The relative dry density and water absorption of the aggregates were determined, as described in Example 1. In this Example, compressive strength was calculated by loading individual aggregates to fracture between two parallel plates. Stress analysis has shown that when a sphere is tested in this way on two diametrically opposed points the compressive strength σ of the sphere is given by the equation:
IACS = σ = 2.8 P π ⋆ d 2
where “IACS”=Individual Aggregate Crushing Strength, d=sphere diameter (mm), and P=fracture load (N). Mean values of the compressive strength were calculated from tests completed on at least 12 aggregates prepared at each temperature. The load was applied by a compression testing device until the aggregate fractures. A dial gauge on the device gives a reading indicative of the load causing fracture. The load was calculated from the reading by the following equations: Load (lbs)=550.95 (Reading)−1620.7; Load (kg)=Load (lbs)/2.205).
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SS/GSR
Ratio Water Ratio Water
(SS/GSR) Temp. Density Absorption IACS (SS/GSR) Temp. Density Absorption
Sample X (° C.) (g/cm3) (%) (MPa) Sample Y (° C.) (g/cm3) (%)
100/0  920 1.18 44.56 125 100/0  990 1.42 38.23
930 1.44 36.84 289 1000 1.47 33.12
940 1.82 22.34 654 1010 1.51 31.89
950 2.19 3.41 885 1020 1.58 27.66
960 2.48 1.50 1067 1030 1.80 18.56
970 1.96 0.42 943 1040 2.11 8.57
980 1.70 0.15 678 1050 2.39 3.63
80/20 970 1.58 29.55 386 1060 2.29 1.11
980 1.78 21.45 612 1070 2.08 0.74
990 2.05 7.89 857 1080 1.96 0.55
1000 2.39 0.79 1048 1090 1.86 0.20
1010 2.04 0.36 1002 1100 1.7 0.12
1020 1.91 0.07 978 1110 1.60 0.11
1030 1.72 0.04 832 80/20 970 1.41 35.63
1040 1.58 0.03 675 980 1.45 32.12
60/40 1000 1.47 34.25 322 990 1.50 30.07
1010 1.49 31.52 398 1000 1.58 26.32
1020 1.52 27.56 417 1010 1.62 23.12
1030 1.65 23.74 502 1020 1.68 16.96
1040 1.88 14.12 674 1030 1.79 11.32
1050 2.11 8.24 866 1040 1.96 8.56
1060 2.38 0.82 1077 1050 2.18 6.11
1070 2.29 0.60 1012 1060 2.34 1.03
1080 2.10 0.50 996 1070 2.48 0.46
1090 1.95 0.12 954 1080 2.28 0.12
1100 1.84 0.04 898 1090 2.01 0.1
1110 1.73 0.06 856 1100 1.84 0.04
1120 1.62 0.03 731 60/40 990 1.45 28.11
40/60 1000 1.45 29.53 378 1000 1.49 27.19
1010 1.49 28.77 412 1010 1.50 26.34
1020 1.52 26.74 477 1020 1.54 24.13
1030 1.56 24.62 523 1030 1.59 21.44
1040 1.59 21.42 589 1040 1.62 18.67
1050 1.63 18.83 621 1050 1.68 17.03
1060 1.68 18.24 665 1060 1.77 14.24
1070 1.76 13.25 736 1070 1.89 6.97
1080 1.86 9.35 803 1080 2.06 3.57
1090 2.05 5.64 962 1090 2.29 2.14
1100 2.29 2.83 1043 1100 2.44 0.58
1110 2.46 0.07 1079 1110 2.31 0.13
1120 2.38 0.67 1022 1120 2.11 0.04
1130 2.21 0.42 1008 1130 2.03 0.02
1140 2.07 0.08 998 40/60 1040 1.58 19.45
1150 1.92 0.13 962 1050 1.69 17.88
1060 1.75 14.25
1070 1.80 11.68
1080 1.85 8.25
1090 1.94 6.66
1100 2.00 4.01
1110 2.09 3.45
1120 2.22 1.97
1130 2.38 0.46
1140 2.31 0.54
SS/GSR (° C.) (g/cm3) (%) (g/cm3) (%)
40/60 1040 1.58 19.45 0.73 18.2
1060 1.75 14.25 0.87 16.9
1080 1.85 8.25 1.09 15.3
1130 2.38 0.46 1.66 7.2
Lytag 1.48 15.50 0.85 34.2
Constituent Slate Sample Y
SiO2 58.32 31.24
Al2O3 28.54 6.22
Fe2O3 7.23 6.33
CaO 1.82 12.12
MgO 3.67 2.25
Na2O 1.45 0.58
K2O 0.88 0.32
TiO2 0.02 0.41
where P=fracture load (kg) and m=mass of pellet (kg). Mean values of the compressive strength were calculated from tests completed on at least 12 aggregates prepared at each pyroprocessing temperature and under different proportions.
SS/SLATE AGGREGATES
Ratio Temperature Density Water
(SS/SLATE) (° C.) (g/cm3) Absorption (%) ASMI
100/0  990 1.42 38.23 1.4
1000 1.47 33.12 4.2
1010 1.51 31.89 4.8
1020 1.58 27.66 5.1
1030 1.80 18.56 7.7
1040 2.11 8.57 12.1
1050 2.39 3.63 16.4
1060 2.29 1.11 12.6
1070 2.08 0.74 12.3
1080 1.96 0.55 11.4
1090 1.86 0.20 10.3
1100 1.71 0.12 8.8
1110 1.60 0.11 7.5
80/20 970 1.45 33.9 4.9
980 1.52 29.34 5.3
990 1.61 27.45 6.4
1000 1.67 22.34 6.9
1010 1.74 18.46 7.3
1020 1.85 12.12 8.7
1030 1.98 8.88 10.2
1040 2.06 7.23 11.9
1050 2.11 3.04 13.6
1060 2.26 1.44 15.0
1070 2.33 0.89 16.3
1080 2.13 0.23 14.1
1090 2.03 0.07 12.8
60/40 1010 1.54 28.10 5.1
1020 1.63 26.36 6.2
1030 1.69 22.32 7.3
1040 1.75 18.56 7.9
1060 1.82 16.34 8.4
1070 1.89 11.29 10.4
1080 1.99 7.67 11.6
1090 2.07 4.24 12.0
1100 2.18 2.13 13.2
1110 2.29 1.04 15.9
1120 2.08 0.77 15.3
1130 2.02 0.32 14.9
1140 1.89 0.03 12.8
40/60 1080 1.59 26.3 7.1
1090 1.66 22.34 8.5
1100 1.76 19.32 10.5
1110 1.82 16.35 11.2
1120 1.88 11.87 11.9
1130 1.95 8.45 12.7
1140 2.03 5.34 13.3
1150 2.11 3.23 13.9
1160 2.21 1.08 15.1
1170 2.34 0.65 16.9
1180 2.27 0.34 16.0
1190 2.16 0.12 15.5
1200 2.02 0.06 14.1
1210 1.85 0.05 13.4
Based on the effect of temperature and slate addition on the properties of the sintered aggregates, a 40%/60% Sample Y SS/slate mix is preferred. The 40%/60% Sample Y SS/Slate mixes were pyroprocessed at temperatures of from 1080° C. to 1210° C., in 10 degree increments. Densities varied from about 1.6 g/cm3 at 970° C. to a maximum density of about 2.3 g/cm3 at 1170° C., to a density of 1.85 g/cm3 at 1210° C. The behavior of this mixture during sintering and the final properties of the resulting sintered LWAs may be more easily controlled than 100% SS and other combinations of SS and slate, making it easier to manufacture. Aggregates having lower densities and higher water absorptions may also be manufactured by processing the SS/slate pellets at lower temperatures than those used in these experiments.
Density Water Maximum
Ratio Temper. Range Absorption ASMI Density
SS/SAM Range (° C.) (g/cm3) Range (%) Range (° C.)
80/20 970-1090 1.45-2.03 0.07-33.9 4.9-16.3 1070
60/40 1010-1140 1.54-1.89 0.03-28.1 5.1-15.9 1110
40/60 1080-1210 1.59-1.85 0.05-26.3 7.1-16.9 1170
Constituent CKD
CaO 63.6
MgO 2.3
K2O 3.2
(SS/CKD) (° C.) (g/cm3) (%) ASMI
100/0  980 1.92 14.26 9.8
990 1.96 12.63 10.2
1000 1.99 10.64 10.5
1010 2.08 9.32 11.1
1020 2.13 7.45 12.6
1030 2.22 3.12 13.8
1040 2.32 1.32 14.5
1050 2.39 0.85 16.3
1060 2.42 0.54 16.9
1070 2.31 0.32 16.0
1080 2.26 0.12 15.2
1090 2.19 0.07 14.7
1100 2.11 0.08 14.1
1110 2.02 0.05 13.5
95/5  980 1.68 21.45 7.6
990 1.72 19.21 8.2
1000 1.78 17.53 9.4
1010 1.83 15.42 9.6
1020 1.92 11.85 10.1
1030 2.01 9.02 11.4
1040 2.18 6.43 12.7
1050 2.36 1.11 14.1
1060 2.41 0.64 16.3
1070 2.29 0.43 14.8
1080 2.18 0.22 13.3
1090 2.06 0.11 12.3
1100 1.99 0.08 11.2
1110 1.87 0.07 10.7
90/10 940 1.45 27.34 4.2
960 1.50 25.99 4.9
970 1.53 23.67 6.2
980 1.58 20.11 6.6
990 1.66 18.32 7.1
1000 1.71 14.52 8.9
1010 1.77 11.44 9.6
1020 1.84 8.54 10.4
1030 1.95 5.83 12.3
1040 2.06 4.12 13.2
1050 2.19 2.03 14.4
1060 2.39 0.96 15.7
1070 2.20 0.54 14.4
1080 2.03 0.21 12.4
1090 1.92 0.11 11.6
Relative Dry Water Bulk
Ratio SS/ Density Absorption Density
CKD Temp. (° C.) (g/cm3) (%) (g/cm3) ASMI
90/10 960 1.50 25.99 0.81 4.9
990 1.66 18.32 0.86 7.1
1060 2.39 0.96 1.61 15.7
Constituent Weight (%)
CaO 53.2
MgO 0.0
(SS/Limestone) (° C.) (g/cm3) Absorption (%) ASMI
95/5  980 1.75 19.45 8.4
990 1.80 16.99 9.5
1000 1.86 14.85 9.8
1010 1.92 10.75 10.3
1020 1.97 8.78 10.7
1030 2.05 6.34 12.0
1040 2.21 5.32 13.3
1050 2.34 1.63 14.4
1060 2.43 0.83 16.6
1070 2.31 0.65 15.2
1080 2.19 0.40 14.4
1090 2.03 0.12 13.2
1100 1.96 0.07 12.7
1110 1.90 0.09 11.4
90/10 940 1.59 24.60 5.2
960 1.64 21.42 5.9
970 1.69 17.34 6.5
980 1.73 16.12 7.2
990 1.81 14.23 8.5
1000 1.88 10.11 9.3
1010 1.95 8.44 10.2
1020 2.02 7.23 10.9
1030 2.11 6.42 11.7
1040 2.26 3.42 12.6
1050 2.33 1.85 14.7
1060 2.39 0.75 16.2
1070 2.21 0.54 15.2
1080 2.08 0.12 14.5
1090 1.96 0.07 13.1
80/20 970 1.41 29.45 4.0
980 1.52 25.84 5.3
990 1.61 24.23 5.7
1000 1.69 20.45 7.5
1010 1.74 18.34 9.3
1020 1.85 13.24 10.1
1030 1.94 7.35 11.3
1050 2.19 3.25 13.5
1060 2.41 0.97 16.2
1070 2.26 0.74 15.1
1080 2.09 0.34 14.3
1090 1.98 0.13 12.2
1100 1.85 0.11 11.8
The addition of limestone to SS samples having lower calcium oxide concentrations than the Sample Z used in this Example is expected to have a more significant effect than in this invention. Based on the effect of temperature and limestone addition on the properties of the sintered aggregates, a 90%/10% SS/limestone mix, pyroprocessed at a temperature range of 940° C. to 1100° C., to produce aggregates having densities from about 1.6 g/cm3 to about 2.4 g/cm3 is preferred, for use as normal weight or lightweight aggregates. Densities varied from about 1.6 g/cm3 to a maximum density of about 2.4 g/cm3 at 1060° C., to a density of 2.0 g/cm3 at 1090° C. However, for the SS sample used in this Example, even the 95%/5% SS/limestone mix could be preferred for aggregate production, since the original SS has already some amount of fluxes calcium oxides in the composition.
Ratio Temp. Density Absorption Density
SS/Limestone (° C.) (g/cm3) (%) (g/cm3) ASMI
90/10 940 1.59 24.60 0.84 5.2
970 1.69 17.34 0.88 6.5
1060 2.39 0.75 1.64 16.2
CaO 36.02
MgO 4.12
K2O 1.68
Na2O 4.69
(SS/IFA) (° C.) (g/cm3) Absorption (%)
100/0  980 1.92 14.26
990 1.96 12.63
1000 1.99 10.64
1010 2.08 9.32
1020 2.13 7.45
1030 2.22 3.12
1040 2.32 1.32
1050 2.39 0.85
1060 2.42 0.54
1070 2.31 0.32
1080 2.26 0.12
1090 2.19 0.07
1100 2.11 0.08
1110 2.02 0.05
95/5  980 1.82 15.54
990 1.85 13.97
1000 1.90 11.74
1010 1.95 9.11
1020 2.08 7.35
1030 2.14 5.33
1040 2.29 2.11
1050 2.35 0.89
1060 2.41 0.56
1070 2.29 0.33
1080 2.18 0.12
1090 2.11 0.1
1100 2.01 0.08
1110 1.97 0.06
90/10 970 1.60 20.35
980 1.69 17.33
990 1.76 15.63
1000 1.82 11.21
1010 1.88 8.34
1020 1.99 5.53
1030 2.05 4.23
1040 2.14 2.66
1050 2.30 1.43
1060 2.43 0.66
1070 2.30 0.43
1080 2.21 0.23
1090 2.09 0.15
1100 1.96 0.08
1110 1.89 0.05
80/20 980 1.54 26.34
990 1.58 23.5
1000 1.63 21.53
1010 1.75 17.34
1020 1.86 13.24
1030 1.92 8.45
1040 2.01 5.35
1050 2.19 3.22
1060 2.38 0.75
1070 2.23 0.53
1080 2.08 0.23
1090 1.94 0.12
1100 1.85 0.06
1110 1.76 0.04
Ratio Temp. Relative Dry Water Bulk density
SS/IFA (° C.) Density (g/cm3) Absorption (%) (g/cm3)
80/20 980 1.54 26.34 0.80
1000 1.63 21.53 0.83
1060 2.38 0.75 1.56
CaO 41.3
MgO 5.3
Na2O 0.44
(SS/GGBS) (° C.) (g/cm3) Absorption (%)
95/5  980 1.75 17.43
990 1.82 14.80
1000 1.87 13.22
1010 1.91 10.85
1020 1.99 8.33
1030 2.11 5.73
1040 2.29 2.60
1050 2.38 1.04
1060 2.44 0.78
1070 2.26 0.55
1080 2.17 0.32
1090 2.07 0.12
1100 1.99 0.07
1110 1.94 0.03
90/10 970 1.58 23.35
980 1.67 19.24
990 1.74 17.34
1000 1.82 13.24
1010 1.89 9.34
1020 1.97 6.21
1030 2.07 4.15
1040 2.18 2.43
1050 2.31 1.05
1060 2.42 0.45
1070 2.31 0.13
1080 2.22 0.09
1090 2.10 0.04
1100 1.97 0.02
1110 1.91 0.02
80/20 980 1.50 28.22
990 1.59 23.42
1000 1.64 20.40
1010 1.72 17.85
1020 1.85 12.97
1030 1.93 8.34
1040 2.03 4.89
1050 2.20 3.11
1060 2.39 0.67
1070 2.25 0.23
1080 2.09 0.09
1090 1.92 0.07
1100 1.86 0.03
1110 1.78 0.02
SS/GGBS (° C.) Density (g/cm3) Absorption (%) (g/cm3)
80/20 980 1.50 28.22 0.81
1000 1.64 20.40 0.84
1060 2.39 0.67 1.59
Weight (%) Weight (%)
Constituent PFA GGBS
SiO2 52 35
Al2O3 26 11
Fe2O3 8.6 1
CaO 1.9 41
Material 1 Material 2 Material 3 Ratio 1/2 Ratio 1/2/3
PFA Glass Clay 80/10/10
PFA Glass Clay 70/20/10
PFA Glass Clay 60/20/20
PFA Glass Clay 50/30/20
PFA Glass Clay 40/30/30
PFA Glass Clay 40/50/10
PFA Glass Clay 30/60/10
PFA Glass Clay 20/70/10
PFA GGBS Clay 80/10/10
PFA GGBS Clay 70/20/10
PFA GGBS Clay 60/20/20
PFA GGBS Clay 50/30/20
PFA GGBS Clay 40/30/30
PFA GGBS Clay 40/50/10
PFA GGBS Clay 30/60/10
PFA GGBS Clay 20/70/10
Clay Lime waste 70/30
Clay Lime waste 50/50
Clay GGBS 80/20
Clay GGBS 70/30
Clay GGBS 60/40
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U.S. Classification 106/705, 106/DIG.1, 106/716, 264/5, 588/257, 106/789, 588/256
Cooperative Classification Y02P40/69, Y02W30/91, Y02W30/95, Y02W30/94, Y02W30/92, Y10S106/01, C04B2235/72, C04B35/62695, C04B33/1352, C04B2235/656, C04B2235/77, C04B33/1324, C04B33/1321, C04B33/1328, C04B2235/3208, C04B33/135, C04B35/6261, C04B33/32, C04B2235/5427, C04B2111/40, C04B33/138, C04B33/1355, C04B35/62625, C04B35/6263, C04B2235/3272, C04B2235/5436, C04B18/023, C04B2235/3206, C04B33/13, C04B35/628, C04B35/62805
European Classification C04B33/13, C04B18/02F, C04B33/135D, C04B33/138, C04B33/132B, C04B33/135, C04B35/626A10, C04B33/132D, C04B35/628B2, C04B35/626A24, C04B35/626A6, C04B35/626A10B, C04B33/135B, C04B33/32, C04B35/628, C04B33/132P
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