Source: http://www.ehso.com/oshaConstruction_G.htm
Timestamp: 2020-05-29 17:25:28
Document Index: 275084714

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 6', 'art 8', 'art 6', 'art 8', 'art 6', 'art\n1', 'art 6', 'art 8', 'art 6', 'art 8', 'art 6', 'art 8', 'art 6', 'art 8', 'art 6', 'art 8', 'art 6']

OSHA Construction Safety Regulations - Subpart G
OSHA Health & Safety Construction-related Regulations - G
Subpart G - Signs, Signals,
� 1926.200 - Accident prevention signs and tags.
(b) Danger signs.
(b)(1) Danger signs (see Figure G-1) shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists.
(b)(2) Danger signs shall have red as the predominating color for the upper panel; black outline on the borders; and a white lower panel for additional sign wording.
(c) Caution signs.
(c)(1) Caution signs (see Figure G-2) shall be used only to warn against potential hazards or to caution against unsafe practices.
(c)(2) Caution signs shall have yellow as the predominating color; black upper panel and borders: yellow lettering of "caution" on the black panel; and the lower yellow panel for additional sign wording. Black lettering shall be used for additional wording.
(c)(3) Standard color of the background shall be yellow; and the panel, black with yellow letters. Any letters used against the yellow background shall be black. The colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples as specified in Table 1 of American National Standard Z53.1-1967.
Basic Stock (Background) Safety Colors (ink) Copy Specification (Letters)
White Red Do Not Operate
White Black and Red Danger
White Black Out of Order
(g) Traffic signs.
(g)(1) Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at points of hazard.
(g)(2) All traffic control signs or devices used for protection of construction workmen shall conform to American National Standards Institute D6.1-1971, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways.
(h) Accident prevention tags.
(h)(1) Accident prevention tags shall be used as a temporary means of warning employees of an existing hazard, such as defective tools, equipment, etc. They shall not be used in place of, or as a substitute for, accident prevention signs.
(h)(2) Specifications for accident prevention tags similar to those in Table G-1 shall apply.
(i) Additional rules. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z35.1-1968, Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs, and Z35.2-1968, Specifications for Accident Prevention Tags, contain rules which are additional to the rules prescribed in this section. The employer shall comply with ANSI Z35.1-1968 and Z35.2-1968 with respect to rules not specifically prescribed in this subpart.
� 1926.203 - Definitions applicable to this subpart.
(a) Barricade means an obstruction to deter the passage of persons or vehicles.
(b) Signs are the warnings of hazard, temporarily or permanently affixed or placed, at locations where hazards exist.
(c) Signals are moving signs, provided by workers, such as flagmen, or by devices, such as flashing lights, to warn of possible or existing hazards.
(d) Tags are temporary signs, usually attached to a piece of equipment or part of a structure, to warn of existing or immediate hazards.
Subpart H - Materials
Handling, Storage, Use,
� 1926.251 - Rigging equipment for material handling.
(a)(1) Rigging equipment for material handling shall be inspected prior to use on each shift and as necessary during its use to ensure that it is safe. Defective rigging equipment shall be removed from service.
(a)(2) Rigging equipment shall not be loaded in excess of its recommended safe working load, as prescribed in Tables H-1 through H-20 in this subpart, following 1926.252(e) for the specific equipment.
(a)(3) Rigging equipment, when not in use, shall be removed from the immediate work area so as not to present a hazard to employees.
(a)(4) Special custom design grabs, hooks, clamps, or other lifting accessories, for such units as modular panels, prefabricated structures and similar materials, shall be marked to indicate the safe working loads and shall be proof-tested prior to use to 125 percent of their rated load.
(a)(5) Scope. This section applies to slings used in conjunction with other material handling equipment for the movement of material by hoisting, in employments covered by this part. The types of slings covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope (conventional three strand construction), and synthetic web (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).
(a)(6) Inspections. Each day before being used, the sling and all fastenings and attachments shall be inspected for damage or defects by a competent person designated by the employer. Additional inspections shall be performed during sling use, where service conditions warrant. Damaged or defective slings shall be immediately removed from service.
(c) Wire rope.
(c)(1) Tables H-3 through H-14 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classifications of improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope slings with various types of terminals. For sizes, classifications, and grades not included in these tables, the safe working load recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products shall be followed, provided that a safety factor of not less than 5 is maintained.
(c)(2) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted.
(c)(3) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul back lines on scrapers.
(c)(4) The following limitations shall apply to the use of wire rope:
(c)(4)(i) An eye splice made in any wire rope shall have not less than three full tucks. However, this requirement shall not operate to preclude the use of another form of splice or connection which can be shown to be as efficient and which is not otherwise prohibited.
(c)(4)(ii) Except for eye splices in the ends of wires and for endless rope slings, each wire rope used in hoisting or lowering, or in pulling loads, shall consist of one continuous piece without knot or splice.
(c)(4)(iii) Eyes in wire rope bridles, slings, or bull wires shall not be formed by wire rope clips or knots.
(c)(4)(iv) Wire rope shall not be used if, in any length of eight diameters, the total number of visible broken wires exceeds 10 percent of the total number of wires, or if the rope shows other signs of excessive wear, corrosion, or defect.
(c)(5) When U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes, Table H-20 shall be used to determine the number and spacing of clips.
(c)(5)(i) When used for eye splices, the U-bolt shall be applied so that the "U" section is in contact with the dead end of the rope.
(c)(6) Slings shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or other makeshift devices.
(c)(7) Sling legs shall not be kinked.
(c)(8) Slings used in a basket hitch shall have the loads balanced to prevent slippage.
(c)(9) Slings shall be padded or protected from the sharp edges of their loads.
(c)(10) Hands or fingers shall not be placed between the sling and its load while the sling is being tightened around the load.
(c)(11) Shock loading is prohibited.
(c)(12) A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling.
(c)(13) Minimum sling lengths.
(c)(13)(i) Cable laid and 6 X 19 and 6 X 37 slings shall have minimum clear length of wire rope 10 times the component rope diameter between splices, sleeves or end fittings.
(c)(13)(ii) Braided slings shall have a minimum clear length of wire rope 40 times the component rope diameter between the loops or end fittings.
(c)(13)(iii) Cable laid grommets, strand laid grommets and endless slings shall have a minimum circumferential length of 96 times their body diameter.
(c)(14) Safe operating temperatures. Fiber core wire rope slings of all grades shall be permanently removed from service if they are exposed to temperatures in excess of 200 deg. F (93.33 deg. C). When nonfiber core wire rope slings of any grade are used at temperatures above 400 deg. F (204.44 deg. C) or below minus 60 deg. F (15.55 deg. C), recommendations of the sling manufacturer regarding use at that temperature shall be followed.
(c)(15) End attachments.
(c)(15)(i) Welding of end attachments, except covers to thimbles, shall be performed prior to the assembly of the sling.
(c)(15)(ii) All welded end attachments shall not be used unless proof tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity at twice their rated capacity prior to initial use. The employer shall retain a certificate of proof test, and make it available for examination.
(d) Natural rope, and synthetic fiber-
(d)(1) General. When using natural or synthetic fiber rope slings, Tables H-15, 16, 17, and 18 shall apply.
(d)(2) All splices in rope slings provided by the employer shall be made in accordance with fiber rope manufacturers recommendations.
(d)(2)(i) In manila rope, eye splices shall contain at least three full tucks, and short splices shall contain at least six full tucks (three on each side of the center line of the splice).
(d)(2)(ii) In layed synthetic fiber rope, eye splices shall contain at least four full tucks, and short splices shall contain at least eight full tucks (four on each side of the center line of the splice).
(d)(2)(iii) Strand end tails shall not be trimmed short (flush with the surface of the rope) immediately adjacent to the full tucks. This precaution applies to both eye and short splices and all types of fiber rope. For fiber ropes under 1-inch diameter, the tails shall project at least six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck. For fiber ropes 1-inch diameter and larger, the tails shall project at least 6 inches beyond the last full tuck. In applications where the projecting tails may be objectionable, the tails shall be tapered and spliced into the body of the rope using at least two additional tucks (which will require a tail length of approximately six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck).
(d)(2)(iv) For all eye splices, the eye shall be sufficiently large to provide an included angle of not greater than 60 deg. at the splice when the eye is placed over the load or support.
(d)(2)(v) Knots shall not be used in lieu of splices.
(d)(3) Safe operating temperatures. Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings, except for wet frozen slings, may be used in a temperature range from minus 20 deg. F (-28.88 deg. C) to plus 180 deg. F (82.2 deg. C) without decreasing the working load limit. For operations outside this temperature range and for wet frozen slings, the sling manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed.
(d)(4) Splicing. Spliced fiber rope slings shall not be used unless they have been spliced in accordance with the following minimum requirements and in accordance with any additional recommendations of the manufacturer:
(d)(4)(i) In manila rope, eye splices shall consist of at least three full tucks, and short splices shall consist of at least six full tucks, three on each side of the splice center line.
(d)(4)(ii) In synthetic fiber rope, eye splices shall consist of at least four full tucks, and short splices shall consist of at least eight full tucks, four on each side of the center line.
(d)(4)(iii) Strand end tails shall not be trimmed flush with the surface of the rope immediately adjacent to the full tucks. This applies to all types of fiber rope and both eye and short splices. For fiber rope under 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, the tail shall project at least six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck. For fiber rope 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter and larger, the tail shall project at least 6 inches (15.24 cm) beyond the last full tuck. Where a projecting tail interferes with the use of the sling, the tail shall be tapered and spliced into the body of the rope using at lest two additional tucks (which will require a tail length of approximately six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck).
(d)(4)(iv) Fiber rope slings shall have a minimum clear length of rope between eye splices equal to 10 times the rope diameter.
(d)(4)(v) Knots shall not be used in lieu of splices.
(d)(4)(vi) Clamps not designed specifically for fiber ropes shall not be used for splicing.
(d)(4)(vii) For all eye splices, the eye shall be of such size to provide an included angle of not greater than 60 degrees at the splice when the eye is placed over the load or support.
(d)(5) End attachments. Fiber rope slings shall not be used if end attachments in contact with the rope have sharp edges or projections.
(d)(6) Removal from service. Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:
(d)(6)(i) Abnormal wear.
(d)(6)(ii) Powdered fiber between strands.
(d)(6)(iii) Broken or cut fibers.
(d)(6)(iv) Variations in the size or roundness of strands.
(d)(6)(v) Discoloration or rotting.
(d)(6)(vi) Distortion of hardware in the sling.
(e) Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).
(e)(1) The employer shall have each synthetic web sling marked or coded to show:
(e)(1)(i) Name or trademark of manufacturer.
(e)(1)(ii) Rated capacities for the type of hitch.
(e)(1)(iii) Type of material.
(e)(2) Rated capacity shall not be exceeded.
(e)(3) Webbing. Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform thickness and width and selvage edges shall not be split from the webbing's width.
(e)(4) Fittings. Fittings shall be:
(e)(4)(i) Of a minimum breaking strength equal to that of the sling; and
(e)(4)(ii) Free of all sharp edges that could in any way damage the webbing.
(e)(5) Attachment of end fittings to webbing and formation of eyes. Stitching shall be the only method used to attach end fittings to webbing and to form eyes. The thread shall be in an even pattern and contain a sufficient number of stitches to develop the full breaking strength of the sling.
(e)(6) Environmental conditions. When synthetic web slings are used, the following precautions shall be taken:
(e)(6)(i) Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of acids or phenolics are present.
(e)(6)(ii) Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
(e)(6)(iii) Web slings with aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
(e)(7) Safe operating temperatures. Synthetic web slings of polyester and nylon shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 180 deg. F (82.2 deg. C). Polypropylene web slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 200 deg. F (93.33 deg. C).
(e)(8) Removal from service. Synthetic web slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:
(e)(8)(i) Acid or caustic burns;
(e)(8)(ii) Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface;
(e)(8)(iii) Snags, punctures, tears or cuts;
(e)(8)(iv) Broken or worn stitches; or
(e)(8)(v) Distortion of fittings.
(f) Shackles and hooks.
(f)(1) Table H-19 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes of shackles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products, provided that a safety factor of not less than 5 is maintained.
(f)(2) The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable manufacturer's recommendations are available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests.
RATED CAPACITY (WORKING LOAD LIMIT),
FOR ALLOY STEEL CHAIN SLINGS 1
[Horizontal angles shown in parentheses] 3
Chain size, inches Single branch sling-- 90�
loading Double sling vertical angle 2 Triple and quadruple sling
30� (60�) 45� (45�) 60� (30�) 30� (60�) 45� (45�) 60� (30�)
1 Other grades of proof tested steel chain include Proof Coil, BBB Coil and Hi-Test Chain. These grades are not recommended for overhead lifting and therefore are not covered by this code.
2 Rating of multileg slings adjusted for angle of loading measured as the included angle between the inclined leg and the vertical.
3 Rating of multileg slings adjusted for angle of loading between the inclined leg and the horizontal plane of the load.
Chain size, inches Max. allowable wear (inch)
RATED CAPACITIES FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS
6x19 and 6x37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope With Fiber Core (FC)
Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)
Dia (inches) Con-str. Vertical Choker Vertical Basket 1
HT MS S HT MS S HT MS S
1 These values only apply when the D/d ratio for HT slings is 10 or greater, and for MS and S Slings is 20 or greater where: D = Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent; d =Diameter of rope;
HT = Hand Tucked Splice and Hidden Tuck Splice. For hidden tuck splice (IWRC) use values in HT columns;
MS = Mechanical Splice; S= Swaged or Zinc Poured Socket.
TABLE H-4. - RATED CAPACITIES FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS
6x19 and 6x37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope With Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC)
Dia (inches) Constr. Vertical Choker Vertical Basket 1
1 These values only apply when the D/d ratio for HT slings is 10 or greater, and for MS and S slings is 20 or greater where: D = Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent; d= Diameter of rope;
HT= Hand Tucked Splice. For hidden tuck splice (IWRC) use Table H-3 values in HT column; MS = Mechanical Splice; S = Swaged or Zinc Poured Socket.
TABLE H-5. - RATED CAPACITIES FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS
Cable Laid Rope -- Mechanical Splice Only,
7x7x7 & 7X7X19 Constructions Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope
7x6x19 IWRC Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope
Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb.)
Dia (inches) Constr Vertical Choker Vertical basket 1
2 7x6x19
1 These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 10 or greater where:
D = Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent;
d = Diameter of rope.
2 IWRC
TABLE H-6. - RATED CAPACITIES FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS
8-Part and 6-Part Braided Rope, 6x7 and 6x19 Construction Improved
Plow Steel Grade Rope, 7x7 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope
Component Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)
Dia (inches) Constr. Vertical Choker Basket vertical to 30� 1
8-Part 6-Part 8-Part 6-Part 8-Part 6-Part
1 These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 20 or greater where: D = Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent; d = Diameter of component rope.
TABLE H-7. - RATED CAPACITIES FOR 2-LEG AND 3-LEG BRIDLE SLINGS
Dia (in-ches) Con-str. 2-Leg bridle slings 3-Leg bridle slings
30� 1 (60�) 2 45� angle 60� 1 (30�) 2 30� 1(60�) 2 45� angle 60� 1 (30�) 2
HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS
1 Vertical angles. 2 Horizontal angles. HT = Hand Tucked Splice. MS = Mechanical Splice.
TABLE H-8. - RATED CAPACITIES FOR 2-LEG AND 3-LEG BRIDLE SLINGS
30� 1 (60�) 2 45� angle 60� 1 (30�) 2 30� 1 (60�) 2 45� angle 60� 1 (30�) 2
TABLE H-9. - RATED CAPACITIES FOR 2-LEG AND 3-LEG BRIDLE SLINGS
Cable Laid Rope - Mechanical Splice Only, 7x7x7 and 7x7x19 Construction
Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope, 7x6x19 IWRC Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope
Dia (in-ches) Constr. 2-Leg bridle slings 3-Leg bridle slings
30� 1 (60�) 2 45� angle 60� 1 (30�) 2 30� 1 (60�) 2 45� angle 60� 1(30�) 2
7x6x19 IWRC
1 Vertical angles. 2 Horizontal angles.
TABLE H-10. - RATED CAPACITIES FOR 2-LE AND 3-LEG BRIDLE SLINGS
8 -Part 6 -Part 8 -Part 6 -Part 8 -Part 6 -part 8 -Part 6 -Part 8 -Part 6 -Part 8 -Part 6 -part
TABLE H-11.
FOR STRAND LAID GROMMET -- HAND TUCKED
Rope Body Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb.)
1 These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 5 or greater where:
D=Diameter of curvature around which rope is bent.
d=Diameter of rope body.
FOR CABLE LAIDGROMMET - HAND TUCKED
7x6x7 and 7x6x19 Constructions Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope
7x7x7 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope
Rope Body Rated capacities,
tons (2,000 lb.)
7x6x19
1 These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 5 or greater where: D = Diameter of curvature around which cable body is bent,
d = Diameter of cable body.
RATED CAPACITIES FOR STRAND LAID ENDLESS
SLINGS -- MECHANICAL JOINT
2 6x19
2 6x37
1 These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 5 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which rope is bent, d=Diameter of rope body.
2 IWRC.
CABLE LAID ENDLESS SLINGS -- MECHANICAL JOINT
7x7x7 and 7x7x19 Constructions Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope
7x6x19 Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope
Cable Body Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb.)
Dia (inches) Constr Vertical Choker Vertical basket (1)
1 These values only apply when the D/d value is 5 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which cable body is bent. d=Diameter of cable body.
TABLE H-15. -- MANILA ROPE SLINGS
[Angle of rope to vertical shown in parentheses]
in pounds Minimum breaking
strength in pounds Rated capacity in pounds (safety factor=5)
Eye and eye sling Endless sling
hitch Choker hitch Basket hitch; Angel of rope to horizontal Vertical
Choker hitch Basket hitch; Angel of rope to horizontal
(0�) 60�
(30�) 45�
(45�) 30�
(60�) 90�
TABLE H-16. -- NYLON ROPE SLINGS
strength in pounds Rated capacity in pounds (safety factor=9)
hitch Choker
hitch Basket hitch; Angel of rope to horizontal Vertical
hitch Basket hitch; Angel of rope to horizontal
TABLE H-17. -- POLYESTER ROPE SLINGS
TABLE H-18. -- POLYPROPYLENE ROPE SLINGS
per 100 ft in
pounds Minimum breaking
strength in pounds Rated capacity in pounds (safety factor=6)
TABLE H-19. - Safe Working
Loads for Shackles
Material size (inches) Pin diameter (inches) Safe working load
TABLE H-20. - Number and
Spacing of U-bolt Wire Rope Clips
Improved plow steel, rope diameter (inches) Number of clips Minimum spacing (inches)
� 1926.252 - Disposal of waste materials.
(a) Whenever materials are dropped more than 20 feet to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the building, an enclosed chute of wood, or equivalent material, shall be used. For the purpose of this paragraph, an enclosed chute is a slide, closed in on all sides, through which material is moved from a high place to a lower one.
(b) When debris is dropped through holes in the floor without the use of chutes, the area onto which the material is dropped shall be completely enclosed with barricades not less than 42 inches high and not less than 6 feet back from the projected edge of the opening above. Signs warning of the hazard of falling materials shall be posted at each level. Removal shall not be permitted in this lower area until debris handling ceases above.
(c) All scrap lumber, waste material, and rubbish shall be removed from the immediate work area as the work progresses.
(d) Disposal of waste material or debris by burning shall comply with local fire regulations.
(e) All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed from worksite.