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Patent US4055541 - Reaction products of non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resins and amine-terminated ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsRoom-temperature-curable compositions can be prepared readily by mixing (A) 100 parts by weight of at least one non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and (B) from about 1 to about 1,000 parts by weight of at least one amine-terminated liquid polymer having a carbon-carbon backbone, (C) optionally, a chain extender...http://www.google.com/patents/US4055541?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4055541 - Reaction products of non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resins and amine-terminated liquid polymers and process for preparation thereofAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4055541 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/595,445Publication dateOct 25, 1977Filing dateJul 14, 1975Priority dateJun 13, 1975Publication number05595445, 595445, US 4055541 A, US 4055541A, US-A-4055541, US4055541 A, US4055541AInventorsChangkiu Keith RiewOriginal AssigneeThe B. F. Goodrich CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (2), Referenced by (30), Classifications (21) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetReaction products of non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resins and amine-terminated liquid polymers and process for preparation thereofUS 4055541 AAbstract Room-temperature-curable compositions can be prepared readily by mixing (A) 100 parts by weight of at least one non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and (B) from about 1 to about 1,000 parts by weight of at least one amine-terminated liquid polymer having a carbon-carbon backbone, (C) optionally, a chain extender or crosslinker and (D) optionally, a curing agent. The compositions are useful as castable elastomeric systems, as toughened structural plastics, as paints and coatings, as sealants and adhesives, and the like.
I claim: 1. A composition comprisingA. 100 parts by weight of a non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin containing at least an average of about 1.7 oxirane groups per molecule, said resin having an epoxy equivalent weight from about 70 to about 6000, and B. from about 1 to about 1,000 parts by weight of an amine-terminated liquid polymer containing an average from about 1.7 to about 3 amine groups per molecule, said groups being primary, secondary or a mixture thereof, and said polymer having the formula ##STR14##wherein Y is a univalent radical obtained by removing hydrogen from an amine group of an aliphatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic or aromatic amine containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and at least two amine groups, at least two of said amine groups being primary, secondary or a mixture thereof, and B is a polymeric backbone consisting of carbon-carbon linkages and containing polymerized units of at least one vinylidene monomer having at least one terminal CH2 ═C< group, said monomer being selected from the group consisting of (a) monoolefins containing 2 to 14 carbon atoms, (b) dienes containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms, (c) vinyl and allyl esters of carboxylic acids containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, (d) vinyl and allyl ethers of alkyl radicals containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and (e) acrylic acids and acrylates having the formula ##STR15## said R being hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms and said R1 being hydrogen, an alkyl radical containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or cyanoalkyl radical containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms. 2. A composition of claim 1 wherein said monomer is selected from the group consisting of (a) monoolefins containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, (b) dienes containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and (e) acrylic acids and acrylates having the formula ##STR16## said R being hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms and said R1 being hydrogen, an alkyl radical containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or cyanoalkyl radical containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
4. A composition of claim 3 wherein said epoxy resin is a glycidyl ether resin.
5. A composition of claim 4 containing at least one chain extender or crosslinker.
6. A composition of claim 5 wherein said epoxy resin is selected from the group consisting of (1) alkanediol diglycidyl ethers having the formula ##STR17##wherein X is an alkylene or alkylidene group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an n is from 1 to 25, (2) diand polyglycidyl ethers of bisphenols, said bisphenols having the formula ##STR18##wherein R5 is a bivalent radical containing from 1 to 8 atoms of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of C, O, S and N, and (3) alkanetriol triglycidyl ethers wherein the alkane group contains from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
7. A composition of claim 6 wherein said vinylidene monomer contains copolymerized therewith from 0% up to about 50% by weight of at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of (f) vinyl aromatics having the formula ##STR19##wherein R2 is hydrogen, halogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (g) vinyl nitriles having the formula ##STR20##wherein R3 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, (h) vinyl halides, (i) divinyls and diacrylates, (j) amides of α,β-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and (k) allyl alcohol.
8. A composition of claim 7 wherein said amine groups have different reactivities, and said comonomer is selected from the group consisting of (f) said vinyl aromatics and (g) said vinyl nitriles.
9. A composition of claim 8 wherein said chain extender or crosslinker is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1) dihydric aromatic compounds containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms, (2) dibasic acids containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, (3) aliphatic dihalides containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and (4) di- and polyamines.
10. A composition of claim 9 wherein said dihydric aromatic compound is at least one of said bisphenols.
11. A composition of claim 9 wherein said epoxy resin is a diglycidyl ether of isopropylidene bisphenol, said amine is at least one N-(aminoalkyl)piperazine, the aminoalkyl group of said amine contains from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said vinylidene monomer is at least one of said dienes, and said comonomer is at least one of said vinyl nitriles.
12. A composition of claim 11 wherein said diene is butandiene and said vinyl nitrile is acrylonitrile.
13. A composition of claim 12 wherein said amine is N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, and said chain extender or crosslinker is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of isopropylidene bisphenol and azelaic acid.
14. A composition of claim 11 wherein said chain extender is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of isopropylidene bisphenol and 1,4-dibromobutane.
15. A composition of claim 10 wherein said epoxy resin is the triglycidyl ether of glycerol, said amine is at least one N-(aminoalkyl)piperazine, the aminoalkyl group of said amine contains from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said vinylidene monomer is at least one of said dienes, and said comonomer is at least one of said vinyl nitriles.
16. A composition of claim 15 wherein said diene is butandiene and said vinyl nitrile is acrylonitrile.
17. A composition of claim 16 wherein said amine is N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, and said bisphenol is isopropylidene bisphenol.
18. A composition of claim 10 wherein said epoxy resin is 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, said amine is at least one N-(aminoalkyl)piperazine, the aminoalkyl group of said amine contains from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said vinylidene monomer is at least one of said dienes, and said comonomer is at least one of said vinyl nitriles.
19. A composition of claim 18 wherein said diene is butadiene and said vinyl nitrile is acrylonitrile.
20. A composition of claim 19 wherein said amine is N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, and said bisphenol is isopropylidene bisphenol.
21. A cured composition of claim 1.
22. A process comprising reactingA. 100 parts by weight of a non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin containing at least an average of about 1.7 oxirane groups per molecule, said resin having an epoxy equivalent weight from about 70 to about 6,000, and B. from about 1 to about 1,000 parts by weight of an amine-terminated liquid polymer containing an average from about 1.7 to about 3 amine groups per molecule, said groups being primary, secondary or a mixture thereof, and said polymer having the formula ##STR21##wherein Y is a univalent radical obtained by removing hydrogen from an amine group of an aliphatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic or aromatic amine containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and at least two amine groups, at least two of said amine groups being primary, secondary or a mixture thereof, and B is a polymeric backbone consisting of carbon-carbon linkages and containing polymerized units of at least one vinylidene monomer having at least one terminal CH2 ═C< group, said monomer being selected from the group consisting of (a) monoolefins containing 2 to 14 carbon atoms, (b) dienes containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms, (c) vinyl and allyl esters of carboxylic acids containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, (d) vinyl and allyl ethers of alkyl radicals containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and (e) acrylic acids and acrylates having the formula ##STR22##said R being hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms and said R1 being hydrogen, an alkyl radical containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or cyanoalkyl radical containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Ser. No. 586,723 filed June 13, 1975 now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Prior art teaches preparation of hydroxyl-terminated liquid polymers such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,551,471 and 3,551,472, and carboxyl-terminated liquid polymers such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,285,949. Such prior art polymers cure poorly with epoxy resins at room temperature and generally must be reacted at elevated temperatures in the presence of curing agents such as aliphatic or alicyclic amines. The carboxyl-terminated polymers form ester groups when they react with epoxy resins, and the reaction products are rather hydrolytically unstable. Moreover, use of larger amounts of carboxyl-terminated liquid polymers in epoxy resin compositions may require increasingly higher reaction temperatures, e.g., about 80� - 180� C when more than 50 parts carboxyl-terminated liquid polymer (Mn - 2000-5000) is used per 100 parts epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent wt. 160 - 200). New liquid polymer compositions are desired which are room-temperature curable, castable, hydrolytically stable and which generally do not require a catalyst or curing agent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Room temperature curable compositions can be prepared readily by mixing (A) 100 parts by weights of at least one non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin containing an average of at least about 1.7 oxirane groups per molecule and an epoxy equivalent weight from about 70 to 6,000, (B) from about 1 to about 1,000 parts by weight of an amine-terminated liquid polymer having a carbon-carbon backbone, (C) optionally, a chain extender or cross-linker and (D) optionally, a curing agent.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Amine-Terminated Liquid Polymers The amine-terminated liquid polymers suitable for use in this invention have the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is a univalent radical obtained by removing hydrogen from an amine group of an aliphatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic or aromatic amine containing at least two primary and/or secondary amine groups, and B is a polymeric backbone comprising carbon-carbon linkages. Generally the carbon-carbon linkages comprise at least about 90% by weight of total polymeric backbone weight, more preferably at least about 95% by weight of total polymeric backbone weight. The amine-terminated polymers contain an average from about 1.7 to about 3 primary and/or secondary amine groups per molecule, more preferably from about 1.7 to about 2.3 primary and/or secondary amine groups per molecule. The amine-terminated polymers may have Brookfield viscosities (measured using a Brookfield RVT viscometer at 27� C) from about 500 cps to about 2,500,000 cps, more preferably from about 500 cps to about 500,000 cps.
Carboxyl-terminated liquid polymers having carbon-carbon backbone linkages may contain polymerized units of at least one vinylidene monomer having at least one terminal CH2 ═ C< group and selected from the group consisting of (a) monoolefins contaning 2 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-dodecene and the like; (b) dienes containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 4to 8 carbon atoms, such as butadiene, isoprene, 2-isopropyl-1,3-butadiene, chloroprene, and the like; (c) vinyl and allyl esters of carboxylic acids containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate; allyl acetate, and the like; (d) vinyl and allyl ethers of alkyl radicals containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as vinyl methyl ether, allyl methyl ether, and the like; and (e) acrylic acids and acrylates having the formula ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, or cyanoalkyl radical containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Even more preferably R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable acrylates include ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, butoxyethyl acrylate, hexylthioethyl acrylate, β-cyanoethyl acrylate, cyanooctyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate and the like. Often two or more types of these polymerized monomeric units are contained in the polymeric backbone.
More preferred liquid polymers contain polymerized units of at least one vinylidene monomer having at least one terminal CH2 ═C< group and are selected from the group consisting of (a) monoolefins containing 2 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms; (b) dienes containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms; and (e) acrylic acids and acrylates having the formula ##STR3## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, or cyanoalkyl radical containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Even more preferably R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Excellent results were obtained with dienes containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
Liquid carboxyl-terminated polymers may be prepared by free-radical polymerization using carboxylcontaining initiators and/or modifiers as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,285,949 and German Pat. No. 1,150,205 and by solution polymerization using lithium metal or organometallic compounds and post-treating the polymers to form carboxyl groups as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,135,716 and 3,431,235. The polymers can also be prepared by reacting liquid polymers having other than terminal carboxyl groups with compounds so as to yield carboxyl groups. For example, liquid carboxyl-terminated polymers can be prepared from liquid hydroxyl-terminated polymers by reaction with dicarboxyl compounds or anhydrides. Liquid halogen-terminated polymers can be reacted with unsaturated anhydrides in the presence of Lewis acids to yield carboxyl groups. Thus, it is seen that the method of preparing the liquid carboxyl-terminated polymer is not critical to the invention. The essential features of the polymer are that it have at least terminal carboxyl groups and a polymeric backbone of carbon-carbon linkages.
Examples of preferred liquid carboxyl-terminated polymers include carboxyl-terminated polyethylene, carboxyl-terminated polyisobutylene, carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene, carboxyl-terminated polyisoprene, carboxyl-terminated poly(ethylacrylate), as well as carboxyl-terminated copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile and of butadiene and styrene. Carboxyl-terminated copolymers of butadiene with acrylonitrile or styrene were found to be especially useful. These polymers may contain from about 50% to about 100% by weight of butadiene, from about 0% to about 40% by weight of acrylonitrile or styrene and from about 0.4% to about 10% by weight of carboxyl, based upon the total weight of polymer.
The carboxyl-terminated liquid polymers can be esterified with an aliphatic monohydric alcohol by methods well known to the art in order to produce ester-terminated liquid polymers. For example, a carboxyl-terminated polymer and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol can be reacted in a distillation column or under reflux in the presence of a small amount of an acid catalyst. Suitable acid catalysts include organic acids containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, monoesters and diesters of orthophosphoric acid, alkarylsulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like; inorganic acids such as boric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and the like; and Lewis acids such as tetraisopropyl titanate and the like. The amount of acid catalyst used may be as little as about 0.01% up to about 5% by weight based upon total reactant weight. Suitable aliphatic monohydric alcohols for use in the esterification reaction contain from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and have boiling points below about 150� C., more preferably below about 100� C. Primary aliphatic monohydric alcohols are preferred. Examples of suitable aliphatic monohydric alcohols include alkanols containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, and the like. Other suitable aliphatic monohydric alcohols include 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol and the like. Excellent results may be obtained using ethanol, 1-propanol or 1-butanol.
A solvent is not required for the amine-termination reaction but may be used. Mixtures of solvents may also be used. Suitable solvents include aliphatic and cycloaliphatic ethers containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as tetrahydrofuran, diethylether and the like; halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and the like; and esters containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, hexyl acetate, benzyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate and the like. Also suitable as solvents and more preferred are aromatic compounds having the formula ##STR8## wherein R4 is hydrogen, halogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and at least two R4 are hydrogen. More preferably R4 is hydrogen, chlorine, or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and at least three R4 s are hydrogen. Suitable aromatic solvents include benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, o--, m-- and p-xylene, o--, m-- and p-diethylbenzene, cumene, mesitylene and the like.
No catalyst is required, and many types of mixing apparatus can be used in the amine termination reaction. For example, simple mixers can be used, including turbine stirrers as well as propeller mixers. Reaction components can be combined in any order. The reaction mixture may be heated (or refluxed if a solvent is used) at a temperature from about 80� C to about 150� C, typically for about 1 to 6 hours. The amine-terminated liquid polymer may be purified by vacuum distillation or by washing with a solvent such as a benzene-methanol mixture, followed by drying the polymer. Amine content of the amine-terminated liquid polymers can be analyzed qualitatively by infrared spectroscopy. Amine content can also be analyzed quantitatively following the procedure described by Siggia, Quantitative Organic Analysis via Functional Groups, N.Y., Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1963, pp. 452-456.
REACTION PRODUCTS OF NON-CYCLOALIPHATIC EPOXY RESINS AND AMINE-TERMINATED LIQUID POLYMERS The compositions of this invention comprise (A) 100 parts by weight of at least one non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin described hereinafter and (B) from about 1 to about 1,000 parts by weight of an amine-terminated liquid polymer described heretofore. Compositional properties may be varied widely by using varying amounts of amine-terminated liquid polymer. Chain extenders, cross-linkers and curing agents described hereinafter may also be used in the epoxy compositions but are not required. Typical compositional properties are summarized in Table I.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________               Compositional Properties3Parts by Weight of Amine-Terminated         ApproximateLiquid Polymer1 per        Approximate Ultimate100 Parts by Weight of Epoxy Resin2               Description Tensile Strength, psi                                       Elongation,__________________________________________________________________________                                       %About  1 -  20      Toughened Plastic                            6000 - 12000                                        1  �                                             15About  20 - 100     Flexibilized Plastic                           2500 - 7000 10  �                                             50About 100 - 250     Rigid Elastomer                           2000 - 4000 40  �                                             150About 250 - 500     Elastomer   1000 - 3000 100 �                                             500 About 500 - 1000   Soft Elastomer                            100 - 1000 300 �                                             1000__________________________________________________________________________ 1 Amine equivalent weight per hundred parts (Ephr) of the polymer = 0.05 � 0.01. 2 Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent weight of 175 - 200. 3 Composition contained 24 parts of bisphenol A chain extender per 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin.
Surprisingly and unexpectedly, all compositions summarized in Table I are curable at room temperature (about 20� - 25� C) with cure time increasing as the level of amine-terminated liquid polymer is decreased. The compositions are hydrolytically stable and generally do not require a catalyst or curing agent, although a catalyst or curing agent may be used.
Non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resins suitable for use in this invention together with amine-terminated liquid polymers contain at least an average of about 1.7 oxirane ##STR9## groups per molecule, more preferably from about 1.7 to about 3.0 oxirane groups per molecule, and even more preferably from about 1.7 to about 2.3 oxirane groups per molecule. The non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resins may be liquids or low-melting solids but are preferably liquids having a bulk viscosity from about 200 centipoises to about 2,000,000 centipoises (measured using a Brookfield RVT viscometer at 25� C). The epoxy resins can have an epoxy equivalent weight (gram molecular weight per epoxy group) from about 70 to about 6,000, more preferably from about 70 to about 2,000. Suitable non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resins include epoxidized cyclic silane, epoxidized soybean oil, polyglycidyl esters of polycarboxylic acids, epoxidized polyolefins, and glycidyl ether resins, with glycidyl ether resins being preferred. Examples of suitable polyglycidyl esters of polycarboxylic acids include the diglycidyl ester of linoleic dimer acid, the triglycidyl ester of linoleic trimer acid and the like. Suitable glycidyl ether resins include polyallyl glycidyl ether; the diglycidyl ether of chlorendic diol; the diglycidyl ether of dioxanediol; the diglycidyl ether of endomethylene cyclohexanediol; epoxy novolac resins; alkanediol diglycidyl ethers; alkanetriol triglycidyl ethers; and the like.
Other more preferred glycidyl ether resins include alkanetriol triglycidyl ethers wherein the alkane group contains from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as glyceryl triglycidyl ether, the triglycidyl ether of trimethylolpropane and the like. Another more preferred class of glycidyl ether resins is the diand polyglycidyl ethers of bisphenols, the bisphenols having the formula ##STR11## wherein R5 is a bivalent radical containing 1 to 8 atoms of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of C, O, S and N, more preferably an alkylene or alkylidene group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and even more preferably an alkylene or alkylidene group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable bisphenols include methylene bisphenol, isopropylidene bisphenol, butylidene bisphenol, octylidene bisphenol, bisphenol sulfide, bisphenol sulfone, bisphenol ether, bisphenol amine, and the like. Excellent results were obtained using isopropylidene bisphenol. Examples of suitable di- and polyglycidyl ethers include those of isopropylidene bisphenol having the formula ##STR12## wherein n is from about 0 to about 20, more preferably from about 0 to about 2.
In addition to the two essential components (an amine-terminated liquid polymer and an epoxy resin) and the two optional components (a chain extender or a curing agent) described heretofore, the composition of this invention may contain a broad range of other compounding ingredients. These ingredients are typical ingredients using in rubber and/or epoxy compounding. Standard levels of these ingredients are used, such levels being well known in the art. A preferred limitation placed on the levels of compounding ingredients is that the composition containing these ingredients should be flowable, i.e., castable at temperatures ranging from about 20� C to about 100� C. This generally limits the amount of reinforcing fillers and other ingredients which thicken the liquid composition to low levels of up to about 50 parts by weight at room temperature based upon 100 parts by weight of the mixture of epoxy resin and amine-terminated liquid polymer. If a solvent such as kerosene or the like is used, even higher amounts of compounding ingredients can be used.
Heating the mixture up to about 100� C may be helpful to obtain dissolution and uniform dispersion of the materials, but such heating causes the compositions to cure much more rapidly. The reaction mixture is generally castable before curing and can be centrifugally cast, roto-molded or poured into stationary trays or molds. The reaction mixture can also be used for liquid injection molding (LIM), also called reactive injection molding (RIM). The latter process is substantially more economical than conventional injection molding and is becoming well known, particularly in the automobile parts industry. The reaction mixtures cure at room temperature, with cure time being accelerated by increasing temperature, amount of curing agent (if used) and/or the amount of amine-terminated liquid polymer. With use of more than 100 parts by weight of amine-terminated liquid polymer per 100 parts by weight of non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, gelation of the mixture generally occurs in about 5 minutes to 3 hours. A tack-free state may be reached in about 2 to 5 hours at room temperature, while complete curing may require from 5 hours to 7 days. Use of a dihydric aromatic compound or a dimercaptan described heretofore may reduce the cure time and/or temperature, whereas a dibasic acid may increase the reaction time.
A cured composition of this invention containing up to about 500 parts by weight of amine-terminated liquid polymer per 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin can be characterized as a transparent to opaque solid having two phases, a continuous phase (matrix) and a particulate phase (domain). The size of particles making up the particulate phase may range from about 25� A to about 5μ in diameter. The particles may vary in diameter according to a normal distribution curve or may have size ranges following a bimodal distribution curve or even a more multi-peaked distribution curve. A phase inversion point typically occurs at about 20 - 50 parts by weight of amine-terminated liquid polymer per 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin, depending upon the amount of chain extender and/or crosslinker used, epoxy resin molecular weight, and molecular weight and acrylonitrile content of amine-terminated liquid polymer.
Thus a cured composition of this invention containing from about 1 to about 50 parts by weight of amine-terminated liquid polymer per 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin has a continuous hard epoxy phase and a particulate rubbery phase. The continuous phase is a hard solid having a higher glass transition temperature than that of the discrete phase. The continuous phase comprises a major amount of epoxy resin, a minor amount of an amine-terminated polymer, a small amount of a chain extender (if used), and a small amount of curing agent (if used). The particulate phase comprises a major amount of an amine-terminated polymer, a minor amount of an epoxy resin, a small amount of a chain extender (if used), and a small amount of a curing agent (if used). The continuous and particulate phases are bonded chemically to one another. The chemical bond is formed in situ during cure between epoxy groups of an epoxy resin and amine groups of an amine-terminated liquid polymer. The two-phase system just described improves toughness properties of the cured composition without substantial deterioration of other thermal or mechanical properties. Thus toughness properties such as crack resistance (measured by fracture surface energy according to the procedure cited in Riew et al, Rubber Toughened Thermosets, Symposium on Toughness and Brittleness of Plastics, Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry, 168th A.C.S. National Meeting, Atlantic City, N.J., Sept. 12, 1974), Gardner impact strength and Izod impact strength are improved without substantial deterioration of other thermal or mechanical properties. Such other properties include heat distortion temperature, tensile strength and the like.
On the other hand, a cured composition containing from about 50 to about 500 parts by weight of amine-terminated liquid polymer per 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin has a continuous rubbery phase and a particulate hard phase. The continuous phase is a solid having a lower glass transition temperature than that of the discrete phase. The continous phase comprises a major amount of an amine-terminated liquid polymer, a minor amount of an epoxy resin, a small amount of a chain extender (if used), and a small amount of a curing agent (if used). The particulate phase comprises a major amount of an epoxy resin, a minor amount of an amine-terminated liquid polymer, a small amount of a chain extender (if used), and a small amount of a curing agent (if used). The continuous and particulate phases are bonded chemically to one another. The chemical bond is formed in situ during cure between epoxy groups of an epoxy resin and amine groups of an amine-terminated liquid polymer. The hard epoxy particles may have a reinforcing effect comparable to that of carbon black in natural or synthetic rubber. Generally a smaller particle size yields a cured composition having high modulus and hardness, while a larger particle size yields a cured composition having lower modulus and hardness.
A variety of methods may be used to apply a coating material described heretofore to a tire sidewall, preferably to a groove in the sidewall. The surface to be coated may be cleaned beforehand by wiping it with a solvent such as toluene or the like. Thereafter a coating may be extruded into a sidewall groove and allowed to flow by itself. Alternatively, the coating can be deposited in a sidewall groove and spread out with a squeegee-type tool. Still other methods involve brushing or spraying the coating onto the sidewall. The coating typically may have a thickness from about 1 mil to about 100 mils, more preferably from about 2 mils to about 60 or 70 mils. The coating material cures at room temperature but is preferably heated in order to hasten the cure using a heat lamp or heat gun to a temperature from about 150� F to about 250� F for about 30 - 60 minutes.
The following examples illustrate the present invention more fully. Table IV demonstrates toughened compositions of this invention, while Tables I - III and V - XI demonstrate elastomeric compositions.
EXAMPLES General Mixing Procedure The novel vulcanizates were prepared following a general mixing procedure. All additives except a curing agent (if used) were mixed with an epoxy resin in a mixing kettle. A curing agent (if used) was mixed with an amine-terminated liquid polymer in a second mixing vessel. In each case mixing was done at about 40� - 80� C under vacuum (about 100 mmHg) in order to remove entrapped air. The two mixes were combined and stirred under vacuum at about the same temperature for about 5 minutes, and the final mixture was poured thereafter into a tensile sheet mold (or other suitable mold), or was molded centrifugally or painted as described hereinafter. Viscosity of the mixture before curing was typically less than 100,000 centipoises, and the mixture was readily castable in molds as described heretofore. The mold assembly was opened after curing and the vulcanizate removed for testing.
MATERIALS The amine-terminated liquid polymers used in the following examples were prepared readily by following the procedures described in detail heretofore using N-(2-aminoethyl)-piperazine in the amine-termination reaction. The amine-terminated liquid polymers identified as ATBN, were amine-terminated poly(butadiene/acrylonitrile) copolymers having a butadiene content of about 67.2% by weight of polymer, an acrylonitrile content of about 16.4% by weight of polymer unless otherwise noted hereafter, and an amine end group content of about 13.4% by weight of polymer. The ATBN polymers had a viscosity at 27� C of about 270,000 and a molecular weight of about 3,550. The amine-terminated liquid polymers identified as ATB were amine-terminated polybutadienes having a viscosity at 27� C of about 240,000 and a molecular weight of about 4200.
The non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin most frequently used was a liquid diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) having an epoxy equivalent weight of about 185 to 192 and a viscosity at 25� C of about 10,000 to 16,000 cps. The DGEBA resin is sold under the trademark "Epon 828" by Shell Chemical Company. Another non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin used was the triglycidyl ether of glycerol having an epoxy equivalent weight of about 140 to 160 and a viscosity at 25� C of about 100 - 170, this resin being sold under the trademark "Epon 812" Shell Chemical Company. Yet another non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin used was 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether having an epoxy equivalent weight of about 136 and a viscosity at 25� C of about 19 cps. The latter material is sold under the trademark "Araldite RD-2" by Ciba Products Co.
TEST METHODS Physical testing of the compositions of this invention was performed according to the following procedures. Modulus, tensile strength and ultimate elongation of elastomeric materials were determined according to ASTM D412 using oval samples having a 4-inch mean perimeter except where noted; in the latter cases Die C dumbbells were used. Gehman freeze point was tested according to ASTM D1053. Compression set was measured according to ASTM D395B at 100� C for 70 hours. Tear resistance was tested according to ASTM D624 using Die C. Pico abrasion resistance was measured according to ASTM D2228 using a 5.5 kg weight, a 60 rpm speed and 80 revolutions. Abrasion index was calculated according to sec. 11.3 of the latter procedure. Durometer hardness was measured according to ASTM D676 using a Shore Type A durometer and a one-second indentation hardness time interval. Fracture surface energy was tested following the procedure cited in Riew etal, Rubber Toughened Thermosets, Symposium on Toughness and Brittleness of Plastics Chemistry, 168th A.C.S. National Meeting, Atlantic City, N.J., Sept. 12, 1974. Gardner impact was measured using a Gardner impact tester and a dart having a 0.5-inch tip radius. Heat distortion temperature was tested according to ASTM D648. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of plastic materials in Table IV were tested according to ASTM D638.
EXAMPLES 1 - 18 Examples 1 - 18 demonstrate production of elastomeric compositions using a non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin; an amine-terminated liquid polymer; optionally, isopropylidene bisphenol chain extender, and optionally, dioctyl phthalate plasticizer. Examples 1 - 12 demonstrate elastomeric compositions both with and without an isopropylidene bisphenol chain extender. Examples 11 and 12 illustrate the plasticizing effect of dioctyl phthalate together with use of isopropylidene bisphenol. Test results for examples 1 - 12 are set forth in Table II. Test samples for Examples 13 - 18 were molded centrifugally at about 500 - 1,000 rpm. Test samples were cured by spinning for about 50 min. at about 90� C and thereafter placed in an oven for about 120 min. at about 120� C. Test results for Examples 13 - 18 are set forth in Table III.
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________Example        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  11* 12*__________________________________________________________________________ RecipeEpon 828, Wt. Parts          100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100ATBN, Wt. Parts          100 150 200 250 275 300 300 325 350 400 150 150Bisphenol A, Wt. Parts          24  24  24  24  24  24  --  24  24  24  24  24Dioctyl Phthalate,Wt. Parts      --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  10  20 Test DataCure Cycle, � C/Hrs.          120/21              120/21                  120/19                      120/18                          120/21                              120/21                                  120/22                                      120/19                                          120/17                                              120/18                                                  120/16                                                      120/16100% Modulus,psi**          --  --  --  982 845 706 --  586 567 406 2086                                                      1784Tensile Strength,psi**          2659              2023                  1618                      1283                          1134                              1044                                  695 963 941 802 2197                                                      1856Ultimate Elongation,%**          43  72  98  146 154 181 94  210 204 263 110 106Gehman Freeze Pt., � C          -72 -71 -63 -54 -55 -48 -49.5                                      -52 -57 -54.5                                                  --  --Compression Set, %          63.7              54.1                  70.9                      68.0                          62.3                              61.5                                  80.2                                      69.0                                          68.6                                              46.7                                                  61.1                                                      85.2Tear Resistance,lbs/in.          215 223 215 181 168 154.2                                  76  157 157.4                                              132 334.3                                                      295.8Pico Abrasion Index          31  34  40  28  27  26  --  --  19  --  23  21Durometer Hardness, Type A        98  97  97  91  90  87  73  83  83  81  --  --__________________________________________________________________________  *Tested using Die C dumbbell samples  **Tested at 25� C
TABLE III__________________________________________________________________________Example        13* 14* 15* 16* 17* 18*__________________________________________________________________________ RecipeEpon 828, Wt. Parts          100 100 100 100 100 100ATBN, Wt. Parts          100 150 300 450 450 500Bisphenol A, Wt. Parts          24  24  24  24  24  24 Test Data100% Modulus, psi**          --  --  --  194 218 186100% Modulus, psi***          --  --  --  52  59  48200% Modulus, psi**          --  --  --  274 344 251200% Modulus, psi***          --  --  --  81  97  --Tensile Strength, psi**          2878              2260                  1349                      459 486 306Tensile Strength, psi***          707 553 273 113 104 69Ultimate Elongation, %**          9   95  170 317 260 240Ultimate Elongation, %***          100 113 130 --  --  165Gehman Freeze Point, � C          --  -80 -54 -52.5                          -50 -50.5Compression Set,%          75.4              73  31.7                      84  68.3                              --Tear Resistance, lbs/In.          366 332 175 120 128 93Pico Abrasion Index          28  33  25  22  23  Cut ThroughDurometer Hardness, Type A          95  95  85  72  72  66__________________________________________________________________________  *Tested using Die C dumbbell samples  **Tested at 25� C  ***Tested at 80� C
EXAMPLES 19 - 24 Examples 21 - 24 demonstrate production of toughened compositions using a non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin; an amine-terminated liquid polymer; an isopropylidene bisphenol (bisphenol A) chain extender; and a piperidine curing agent. Example 19 is a control experiment in which no amine-terminated liquid polymer was used. Example 20 is a comparison experiment using a carboxyl-terminated liquid polymer. The carboxyl-terminated polymer, identified as CTBN, is a carboxyl-terminated poly(butadiene/acrylonitrile) liquid polymer having an acrylonitrile content of about 17.5% by weight of polymer, a carboxyl content of about 2.3% by weight of polymer, a Brookfield viscosity at 27� C of about 120,000 cps and a molecular weight of about 3,300. Compositions in examples 21 - 24 demonstrate toughness about the same as a composition containing a carboxyl-terminated liquid polymer in place of an amine-terminated liquid polymer (Example 20). Examples 21 - 24 also demonstrate that compositional toughness is increased substantially in comparison to Example 19, where no such liquid polymer was used. Thus the amine-terminated liquid polymers of this invention are shown to be effective tougheners of the non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin compositions. Test results are set forth in Table IV.
TABLE IV__________________________________________________________________________Example           19  20  21  22  23  24__________________________________________________________________________ RecipeEpon 828, Wt. Parts             100 100 100 100 100 100ATBN, Wt. Parts   --  --  2.5 5   7.5 10CTBN, Wt. Parts   --  5   --  --  --  --Bisphenol A, Wt. Parts             24  24  24  24  24  24Piperidine, Wt. Parts             5   5   5   5   5   5 Test DataElastic Modulus, kpsi             390 376 394 376 397 376Tensile Strength, psi             8900                 9600                     9300                         8700                             9300                                 8000Ultimate Elongation, %             4.0 8.8 4.8 5.4 4.5 4.9Fracture Energy in-lbs/in2             1   49  12  35  68  52Gardner Impact, in-lbs*             50  &gt;320                     &gt;320                         &gt;320                             &gt;320                                 &gt;320Heat Distortion Temperature, � C             82  82  88  82  82  82__________________________________________________________________________ *Specimen thickness is 1/4
EXAMPLES 25 - 33 Examples 25 - 33 demonstrate the effect of azelaic acid as a chain extender in elastomeric compositions of this invention. Azelaic acid was found to be a moderate reaction retarder, useful in prolonging pot life of the compositions. Mechanical properties of compositions containing azelaic acid generally somewhat lower than compositions containing bisphenol A. Test results are summarized in Table V.
TABLE V__________________________________________________________________________Example        25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33__________________________________________________________________________ RecipeEpon 828, Wt. Parts          100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100ATBN, Wt. Parts          100  150  200  250  275  300  325  350  400Azelaic Acid, Wt. Parts          20   20   20   20   20   20   20   20   20 Test DataCure Cycle, � C/Hrs.          120/17               120/19                    120/20                         120/21                              120/21                                   120/17                                        120/18                                             120/20                                                  120/18100% Modulus, psi*          --   --   902  --   381  280  235  274  190Tensile Strength, psi*          1849 1131 974  577  654  538  447  501  413Ultimate Elongation, %*          37   69   110  146  172  190  194  192  238Gehman Freeze Pt., � C          -71  -63  -56  -54.5                              -54.5                                   -52.5                                        -52.5                                             -52.5                                                  -53Compression Set, %          59.5 53.8 58.1 57.7 59.0 62.4 61.6 57.1 53.6Tear Resistance, lbs/in.          308.8               106.2                    73.9 97.2 98.2 84.7 84.6 97.1 80.5Pico Abrasion Index          17   **   **   **   **   **   **   **   **Durometer Hardness, Type A          98   91   91   83   78   73   72   70   65__________________________________________________________________________ *Tested at 25� C **Cut through sample
EXAMPLES 34 - 42 Examples 34 - 42 demonstrate the effects of a mixed bisphenol A - azelaic acid chain extender system and varying amounts of amine-terminated liquid polymer in elastomeric compositions of this invention. Test results are set forth in Table VI.
TABLE VI__________________________________________________________________________Example        34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42__________________________________________________________________________ RecipeEpon 828, Wt. Parts          100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100ATBN, Wt. Parts          90   100  100  250  300  400  100  200  300Bisphenol A, Wt. Parts          12.7 12   12   12   12   12   24   24   24Azelaic Acid, Wt. Parts          9.6  10   9.8  10   10   10   20   20   20 Test DataCure Cycle, � C/Hrs.          120/16               120/16                    120/16                         120/16                              120/16                                   120/16                                        120/16                                             120/16                                                  120/16100% Modulus, psi*          --   --   1067 285  300  145  --   500  266200% Modulus, psi*          --   --   --   --   566  220  --   617  356Tensile Strength, psi*          2793 2443 1227 505  585  404  2462 924  590Ultimate Elongation, %*          9    31   122  198  204  318  6    340  376Gehman Freeze Pt., � C          **   **   -55  -50.5                              -55  -53.5                                        **   -62  -52Compression Set, %          ***  ***  57.1 62.3 52.5 55.3 48.8 91.5 87.9Tear Resistance,lbs/in.          61.2 63.7 190  111.4                              123.5                                   75.4 486.2                                             231.3                                                  176.8Pico Abrasion Index          64   58   72   **** **** **** 34   21   ****Durometer Hardness, Type A          99   99   93   86   80   65   98   85   86__________________________________________________________________________ *Tested at 25� C **Too stiff for measurement ***Sample was too brittle for testing ****Cut through sample
EXAMPLES 43 - 47 Examples 43 - 47 demonstrate the effects of varying amounts of 1,4-dibromobutane using a mixed bisphenol A-dibromobutane chain extender system in elastomeric compositions of this invention. Test results are set forth in Table VII.
TABLE VII__________________________________________________________________________Example         43   44   45   46   47__________________________________________________________________________ RecipeEpon 828, Wt. Parts           100  100  100  100  100ATBN, Wt. Parts 300  300  300  300  300Bisphenol A, Wt. Parts           24   24   24   24   241,4-Dibromobutane, Wt. Parts           20   15   10   5    0 Test DataCure Cycle, � C/Hrs.           120/16                120/16                     120/16                          120/16                               120/16100% Modulus, psi*           1110 1373 --   790  924Tensile Strength, psi*           1252 1481 1377 1054 1249Ultimate Elongation, %*           120  111  77   148  153Gehman Freeze Pt., � C           -49  -62  -62  -60  -60Compression Set, %           37   45   27   28   52Tear Resistance, lbs/in.           215  278  244  162  183Pico Abrasion Index           25   25   22   16   21Durometer Hardness, Type A           93   79   97   96   78__________________________________________________________________________ *Tested at 25� C
EXAMPLES 48 - 57 Examples 48 - 57 demonstrate the effects of varying cure cycles and of varying acrylonitrile content in the carbon-carbon backbone of the amine-terminated liquid polymer. All acrylonitrile content percentages are based upon total weight of amine-terminated liquid polymer. Test results are summarized in Table VIII.
TABLE VIII__________________________________________________________________________EXAMPLES 48 - 57__________________________________________________________________________Example         48*   49*   50*  51*  52*__________________________________________________________________________ RecipeEpon 828, Wt. Parts           100   100   100  100  100ATBN, Wt. Parts 300   300   300  300  300Bisphenol A, Wt. Parts           24    24    24   24   24 Test Data -Wt.% Acrylonitrile in ATBN           0     10    10   10   17Cure Cycle, � C/Hrs           120/16.5                 120/14.5                       **   120/17                                 120/15100% Modulus, psi***           897   789   454  566  700100% Modulus, psi****           --    195   127  153  155200% Modulus, psi***           1348  1191  673  836  1117200% Modulus, psi****           --    --    --   --   252Tensile Strength, psi***           1680  1627  1229 1125 1844Tensile Strength, psi****           --    288   179  239  282Ultimate Elongation, %***           249   271   365  284  300Ultimate Elongation, %****           --    177   190  197  220Gehman Freeze Pt., � C           -80   -76   -69  -74  -58Compression Set, %           28.6  26.9  39.1 --   28.8Tear Resistance, lbs/in.           190.9 199.4 165.8                            191  211.9Pico Abrasion Index           26    29    22   29   24Durometer Hardness, Type A           92    91    81   90   90__________________________________________________________________________Example         53*   54*   55*  56*  57*__________________________________________________________________________ RecipeEpon 828, Wt. Parts           100   100   100  100  100ATBN, Wt. Parts 300   300   300  300  300Bisphenol A, Wt. Parts           24    24    24   24   24 Test DataWt.% Acrylonitrile in ATBN           17    17.9  17.9 18.2 26.5Cure Cycle, � C/Hrs           **    120/18                       **   **   **100% Modulus, psi***           415   805   1020 786  612100% Modulus, psi****           121   195   211  186  77200% Modulus, psi***           656   1272  --   1488 957200% Modulus, psi****           193   --    --   --   126Tensile Strength, psi***           1281  1485  1512 1463 1521Tensile Strength, psi****           240   261   301  225  165Ultimate Elongation, %***           338   230   190  198  301Ultimate Elongation, %****           250   150   160  117  257Gehman Freeze Pt., � C           -54   -61   -59  -60  -45Compression Set, %           35.2  42.8  59.7 23.5 64.9Tear Resistance, lbs/in.           134.7 190.2 209.0                            169.8                                 205.4Pico Abrasion Index           24    21    23   *****                                 19Durometer Hardness, Type A           80    92    94   89   90__________________________________________________________________________ *Tested using Die C dumbbell samples **Two-stage cure cycle in which the sample was cured first for 2 hours at 120� C and thereafter for 2 hours at 150� C ***Tested at 25� C ****Tested at 80� C *****Cut through sample
EXAMPLES 58 - 61 Examples 58 - 61 demonstrate the effects of a diprimary diamine chain extender in elastomeric compositions of this invention. The diamine was a reaction product of a dimer acid and a diamine sold under the trademark Kemamine DP-3680 by Humko-Sheffield Chemical. The diamine had minimum total and primary amine values of 175 and 165 respectively, with amine value being defined as the milligrams of potassium hydroxide equivalent to the amine alkalinity present in one gram of diamine sample. Test results are set forth in Table IX.
TABLE IX______________________________________Example          58*      59*     60*   61*______________________________________ RecipeEpon 828, Wt. Parts            100      100     100   100ATB, Wt. Parts   300      270     240   210Bisphenol A, Wt. Parts            24       24      24    24Diamine          --       30      60    90 Test DataCure Cycle, � C/Hrs.            120/16.5 **      **    **100% Modulus, psi***            897      793     761   310200% Modulus, psi***            1348     --      --    --Tensile Strength, psi***            1680     1239    1093  1176Ultimate Elongation, %***            249      188     143   351Gehman Freeze Pt. � C            -80      -84     -87   -16Compression Set, %            28.6     22.5    30.7  70.0Tear Resistance, lbs/in.            190.9    198.6   126.7 123.1Pico Abrasion Index            26       ****    ****  ****Durometer Hardness, Type A            92       94      93    86______________________________________ *Tested using Die C dumbbell samples **Two-stage cure cycle in which the sample was cured first for 2 hours at 120� C and thereafter for 2 hours at 150� C ***Tested at 25� C ****Cut through sample
EXAMPLES 62 - 64 Examples 62 - 64 demonstrate the utility of compositions of this invention in white tire sidewall paints having good to excellent flex crack resistance. Each sample was prepared by painting the convex side of a 1 in. � 6 in. � 1/4 in. strip of cured rubber tire sidewall composition, followed by curing the painted strip for 15 minutes in a circulating air oven at 180� F. All paints cured during that time to tough, glossy, tack-free rubbers. Flex crack resistance was measured using a Demattia flexometer according to ASTM D-430. Flex resistance was tested both after the initial cure and after further aging for 5 days at 180� F. Adhesion was found to be excellent even though the sidewall had not been buffed before painting. Test results are reported in Table X.
TABLE X__________________________________________________________________________Example              62   63   64__________________________________________________________________________ RecipeEpon 812, Wt. Parts  100  100  100ATBN, Wt. Parts      500  625  833Bisphenol A, Wt. Parts                25   25   25Titanium Dioxide, Wt. Parts                500  625  833Kerosene, Wt. Parts  500  625  833 Test Data100% Flex Failure of 3 SamplesAfter Initial Cure, Cycles (1)                10,000                     10,000                          1,500,000*(2)                  13,000                     15,000                          1,400,000*(3)                  1,000                     20,000                          1,500,000*100% Flex Failure of 3 SamplesAfter Further 5 Day Cure at 180� F (1)                15,000                     17,000                          60,000(2)                  24,000                     35,000                          60,000(3)                  30,000                     385,000                          1,500,000*__________________________________________________________________________ *Test was stopped at this point even though no flex failure had occurred
EXAMPLES 65 - 66 Examples 65 - 66 demonstrate production of elastomeric compositions of this invention by curing a mixture of an amine-terminated liquid polymer and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, the latter having an epoxy equivalent weight of about 136 and a viscosity at 25� C of about 19 cps. The latter material is sold under the trademark "Araldite RD-2" by Ciba Products Company. Test data is summarized in Table XI.
TABLE XI______________________________________Example             65*       66*______________________________________ RecipeAraldite RD-2, Wt. Parts               100       100ATBN, Wt. Parts     200       300 Test DataCure Cycle, � C/Hrs.               120/21    120/19100% Modulus at 25� C, psi               --        --100% Modulus at 80� C, psi               --        --Tensile Strength at 25� C, psi               225       284Tensile Strength at 80� C, psi               166       171Ultimate Elongation at 25� C, %               60        116Ultimate Elongation at 80� C, %               37        50Gehman Freeze Pt., � C               -39       -48.5Compression Set, %  39.4      30.9Tear Resistance, lbs/in.               37        31Pico Abrasion Index **        **Durometer Hardness, Type A               64        58______________________________________ *Tested using Die C dumbbell samples **Cut through sample
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