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Timestamp: 2020-02-24 23:03:26
Document Index: 216024098

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'Art. 3', 'Art. 12', 'Art.3', 'Art. 12', 'art 3', 'art 6', 'art 1', 'art 2']

Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery - 123dok
EN 1991-3 (2006) (English): Eurocode 1: Actions on
structures - Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery
les 91.010.30
,no,re-o,"Ioe-
ENV 1991-5: 1998
Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 3: Actions induced by
Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 3: Actions
induites par les appareils de levage et les machines
Eurocode 1 Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 3:
This European Standard was approved by CEI\! on 9 January 2006.
under the responsibility of a CEI\J member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDJZATJON
Ref. No. EN 1991-3:2006: E
EN ]991-3:2006 (E)
BACKGROUND OF THE EUROCODE PROGRAMME ....................................................................... 4
STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATION OF EUROCODES ................................................................ 5
NATlONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES ...............................................................
ETAS) FOR PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................... 6
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SPECIFIC FOR EN 1991-3 ............................................................... 6
NArrlONALANNEX FOREN 1991-3 ............................................................................................ 7
SECTION 1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................. 8
1.1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 8
1.3 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND ApPLlCATION RULES .......................................... 8
1.4 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................... 9
Terms and definitions specifically for hoists and cranes on runway beams ........... 9
Tenns and definitions specifically for actiollS induced by machine,)' .................... 11
1.5 SYIvlBOLS ........................................................................................................................... 12
BEAlVlS
ACTIONS INDUCED BY HOISTS AND CRANES ON RUNWAY
FIELI) OF APPLICATION .................................................................................................
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ACTIONS .....................................................................................
General ..................................................................................................................
Variable actiolts ...................................................................................................
Accic/ental actions ................................................................................................
DESIGN SITUATIONS ......................................................................................................
REPRESENTATION OF CRANE ACTIONS .......................................................................... 17
LOAD ARRANGErv1ENTS ................................................................................................. 17
2.5.1 Monorail hoist blocks underslung fr0111 runway beams ............................................. 17
2.5.1.1 Vertical loads ...................................................................................................................................... 17
Horizontal forces .......................................................................................................................... 17
2.5.2 Overhead travelling cranes ........................................................................................ 17
2.5.2.1 Vertical loads ...................................................................................................................................... 17
2.5.2.2 Horizontal forces ................................................................................................................................. 18
2.5.3 MultilJle crane actiofl .................................................................................................. 20
VERTICAL CRANE LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES .................................................. 21
HORIZONTAL CRANE LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES ............................................ 23
General .................................................................................................................. 23
Longitudinal forces HL,i and transverse forces HT,i caused by acceleration and
deceleration 0.1' the crane ..................................................................................................... 23
Drive.!,orce K .............................................................................. ........................... 25
Horizol1talforces HS,i.j,k and the guideforce S caused by skewing of the crane .. 26
TEMPER.A TlJRE EFFECTS ............................................................................................... 30
LOADS ON ACCESS WALKWAYS, STAIRS, PLATFORMS AND GUARD RAILS ................... 30
Vertical loads ........................................................................................................ 30
Horizontalfoads .................................................................................................... 30
TEST LOAI)S .............................................................................................................. 30
ACCIDENTAL ACrfIONS .............................................................................................. 31
2. ] I. ]
Bl~fer
forces H I1 ,I related to crane movelnent...................................................... 31
2./1.2 BI~fer()cs
H B,2 related to movements of the crab ................................................ 32
2. ] 1.3
Ti fting forces ........................................................................................................ 32
EN 1991-3:2006 (E)
FATIGUE LOADS ........................................................................................................ 32
Single crane action ............................................................................................... 32
Stress range effects of multiple wheel or crane actions ....................................... 35
FIELD ()F APPLICATION ................................................................................................. 36
CLASSlFICATION OF ACTIONS ....................................................................................... 36
General .................................................................................................................. 36
Perlnanent actions ................................................................................................ 36
Variable actions ................................................................................................... 37
Accidental actions ................................................................................................ 37
DESIGN SITUi\ TIONS ..................................................................................................... 37
REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS ..................................................................................... 37
Nature o.f the loads ............................................................................................... 37
Modelling of dynamic actions ............................................................................... 38
Modelling o.f the machinery-structure interaction ................................................ 38
ACTIONS INDUCED BY lVIACHINERY .................................................... 36
CHARACTERISTIC V ALUES ............................................................................................ 39
SERVICEABILITY CRITERIA ........................................................................................... 41
ANNEX A (NORMATIVE) ...................................................................................................... 43
BASIS OF DESIGN - SUPPLEMENTARY CLAUSES TO EN 1990 FOR RUNWAY
BEAMS LOADED BY CRANES ............................................................................................ 43
GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 43
ULTIMATE Llt\1IT STATES .............................................................................................. 43
Combinations of actions ....................................................................................... 43
Partial factors ....................................................................................................... 44
A.2.3 lfI-factors for crane loads .......................................................................................... 44
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES .................................................................................... 45
COlnbinations of actions ........................................................................................ 45
Partial j'actors ...................................................................................................... 45
1fI factors for crane actions .................................................................................. 45
FATIGUE ....................................................................................................................... 45
(INFORMATIVE) ........................................................................................... 46
GUIDANCE FOR CRANE CLASSIFICATION FOR FATIGUE ...................................... 46
This European Standard (EN 1991-3:2006) has been prepared by Technical
Committee CEN/TC 250 "Structural Eurocodes", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard supersedes ENV 1991-5:1998.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and
conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards
organizations of the following countIies are bound to implement this European
Standard: Austria, Belgiunl, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxenlbourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
In 1975, the COllllnission of the European Con1ffiunity decided on an action progrmnme
in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the
progranlme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the hannonisation of
Within this action programlne, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of
hmmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage,
For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering COlnlnittee with
Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes
progranune, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s.
basis of an agreement) between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation
and the publication of the Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order
to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the
Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council's Directives and/or Conl1nission's
construction products CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and
89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in
pursuit of setting up the internallnarket).
Agreement between (he Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN)
concerning (he work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89).
The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally
Design of Inasonry structures
Design of structures for eatthquake resistance
Eurocode standards recognise the responsibiJity of regulatory authorities in each
Meinber State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory
safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State.
The Meinber States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference
essential requirelnents of Council Directive 89!106/EEC, particularly Essential
Requirement N° 1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Requirelnent
N°2 - Safety in case of fire;
as a framework for drawing up hat'monised technical specifications for construction
products (ENs and ETAs)
relationship with the Interpretative Documents 2 referred to in Article 12 of the CPD,
although they are of a different nature froin harmonised product standards 3 . Therefore,
technical aspects arising froin the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by
CEN Technical COInn1ittees and/or EOT A Working Groups working on product
- According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for
the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for harmonised ENs and ET AGs/ETAs.
3 According to Art. 12 of tile CPD the interpretative documents shall :
give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels
for each requirement where necessary;
indkate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications,
methods of calculation ancl of
proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ;
as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals.
The Eurocodes, de jacio, playa similar role in the field of the ER I and a part of ER 2.
standards with a view to achieving full compatibility of these technical specifications
with the Eurocodes.
innovative nature. Unusual fOnTIS of construction or design conditions are not
specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer
The National Standards ilnplelnenting Eurocodes will cOlnprise the full text of the
The National annex may only contain information on those paralneters which are left
open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as National1y Determined Parameters,
to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in
the country concerned, i.e. :
values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode,
values to be used where a syn1bol only is given in the Eurocode,
country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc.), e.g. snow map,
It lnay also contain:
decisions on the application of informative annexes,
references to non-contradictory cOlnplementary infonnation to assist the user to
ET As) for products
There is a need for consistency between the harmonised technical specifications for
construction products and the technical rules for works4. FurthelIDore, all the
infonnation accompanying the CE Marking of the construction products which refer to
Eurocodes should clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been
Additional information specific for EN 1991-3
EN 1991-3 gives design guidance and actions for the structural design of buildings and
civil engineering works, including the following aspects:
actions induced by cranes, and
actions induced by machinery.
EN 1991-3 is intended for clients, designers, contractors and public authorities.
see Art.3.3 and Art. 12 of the CPO, as well as clauses 4.2, 4.3.1,4.3.2 and 5.2 of TO 1.
EN 1991-3 is intended to be used with EN 1990, the other Parts of EN 1991 and EN
1992 to EN 1999 for the design of structures.
National annex for EN 1991-3
This Standard gives alternative procedures, values and recomlnendations for classes
with notes indicating where national choices have to be made. Therefore the National
Standard implelnenting EN 1991-3 should have a National Annex containing all
Nationally Detennined Parameters to be used for the design of Inembers to be
National choice is allowed in EN 1991-3 through the following paragraphs:
Procedure when actions are given by the crane supplier
2.5.2.1 (2)
Eccentricity of wheel loads
Maximun1 nUluber of cranes to be considered in the n10st
2.7.3 (3)
Value of friction factor
A2.2 (1)
Definition of yvalues for cases STR and OEO
Definition of yvalues for case EQU
A2.3 (1)
Definition of Vf-values
(1) Part 3 of EN 1991 specifies imposed loads (models and representative values)
associated with cranes on runway beams and stationary Inachines which include, when
relevant, dynamic effects and braking, acceleration and accidental forces.
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from
other publications. These nOlmative references are cited at the appropriate places in the
text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated
amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Stanthe
dard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated
latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including atnendments).
ISO 3898 Basis of design of structures Notations. General symbols
ISO 8930 General principles on reliability for structures. List of equivalent terms
Part 6: Crane runway beams
Part 1: General principles and
General design - Part 2: Load effects
(1) Depending on the character of the individual clauses, distinction is made in this Part
ofprEN 1991 between Principles and Application Rules.
(2) The Principles cOlnprise:
general statements and definitions for which there is no alternative, as well as
requireluents and analytical nlodels for which no alternative is pernlitted unless
EN 1991-3:2006
(4) The Application Rules are generally recognised rules which comply with the
Principles and satisfy their requirelnents.
(5) It is pelTIlissible to use alternative design rules different froln the Application Rules
given in EN 1991-3 for works, provided that it is shown that the alternati ve rules accord
with the relevant Principles and are at least equivalent with regard to the structural
safety, serviceability and durability that would be expected when using the Eurocodes.
NOTE: If an alternative design rule is substituted for an Application Rule, the resulting
cannot be claimed to be wholly in accordance with EN 1991-3 although the
accordance with the Principles of EN 1991-3. When EN 1991-3 is used in respect of a properly
listed in an Annex Z of a product standard or an ETAG, the LIse of an alternative design rule may
not be acceptable for CE marking.
(6) In this Part the Application Rules are identified by a number in brackets,
For the purposes of this European Standard, the tenns and definitions given in ISO
2394, ISO 3898, ISO 8930 and the following apply. Additionally for the purposes of this
standard a basic list of tenus and definitions is provided in EN 1990, 1.5.
1.4.1 Terms and definitions specifically for hoists and cranes on runway beams
factor that represents the ratio of the dynamic response to the static one
self-weight Qc of the crane
self-weight of all fixed and lTIovable elelnents including the mechanical and electrical
equipnlent of a crane structure, however without the lifting attachlnent and a portion of
the suspended hoist ropes or chains Inoved by the crane structure, see 1 1.3
hoist load Qh
load including the masses of the payload, the lifting attachlTIent and a portion of the
suspended hoist ropes or chains lTIoved by the crane structure, see Figure 1.1
Figure 1.1 - Definition of the hoist load and the self-weight of a crane
part of an overhead travelling crane that incorporates a hoist and is able to travel on rails
on the top of the crane bridge
part of an overhead travelling crane that spans the crane runway beams and supports the
crab or hoist block
system used to keep a crane aligned on a runway, through horizontal reactions between
the crane and the runway beams
NOTE The guidance means can consist of flanges on the crane wheels or a separate system of
guide rollers operating on the side of the crane rails or the side of the runway beams
machine for lifting loads
underslung trolley that incorporates a hoist and is able to travel on the bOttOlll flange of
a beanl, either on a fixed runway (as shown in Figure 1.2) or under the bridge of an
overhead travelling crane (as shown in Figures 1.3 and 1.4)
monorail hoist block
hoist block that is supported on a fixed runway, see Figure 1.2
beam along which an overhead travelling crane can move
a machine for lifting and moving loads, that llloves on wheels along overhead crane
runway beams. It incorporates one or lllore hoists mounted on crabs or underslung
runway beam for hoist block
crane runway bealTI provided to support a nlonorail hoist block that is able to travel on
its bottom flange, see Figure 1.2
Figure 1.2 - Runway beam with hoist block
overhead travelling crane that is supported on the bOttOlll flanges of the crane runway
beams, see Figure 1.3
Figure 1.3 - Underslung crane with hoist block
top-mounted crane
overhead travelling crane that is supported on the top of the crane runway beanl
NOTE It usually travels on rails, but sometimes travels directly on the top of the beams, see Figure
Figure 1.4 - Top nlounted crane with hoist block
1.4.2 Terms and definitions specifically for actions induced by nlachines
frequency of free vibration on a system
NOTE For a multiple degree-of-freedom system, the natural frequencies are the frequencies of the
normal modes of vibrations
vibration of a systeln that occurs in the absence of forced vibration
vibration of a system if the response is imposed by the excitation
dissipation of energy with time or distance
resonance of a systen1in forced harmonic vibration exists when any change, however
small, in the frequency of excitation causes a decrease in the response of the system
nlode of vibration
characteristic pattern assumed by a system undergoing vibration in which the motion of
every particle is simple hannonic with the san1e frequency
NOTE Two or more modes may exist concurrently in a multiple degree of freedom system. A
normal (natural) mode of vibration is a mode of vibration that is uncoupled 11·om other modes of
vibration of a system
(1) For the purposes of this European standard, the following symbols apply.
NOTE: The notation used is based on ISO 3898: 1997.
(2) A basic list of symbols is provided in EN 1990 clause 1.6 and the additional
notations below are specific to this part of EN 1991.