Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP5082752B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-11-20 12:55:41
Document Index: 357860341

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JP5082752B2 - Manufacturing method of substrate for semiconductor light emitting device and semiconductor light emitting device using the same - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of substrate for semiconductor light emitting device and semiconductor light emitting device using the same Download PDF
JP5082752B2
JP5082752B2 JP2007271764A JP2007271764A JP5082752B2 JP 5082752 B2 JP5082752 B2 JP 5082752B2 JP 2007271764 A JP2007271764 A JP 2007271764A JP 2007271764 A JP2007271764 A JP 2007271764A JP 5082752 B2 JP5082752 B2 JP 5082752B2
JP2007271764A
JP2008177528A (en
俊介 湊
准也 成田
陽平 若井
幸男 成川
2006-12-21 Priority to JP2006344482 priority Critical
2006-12-21 Priority to JP2006344482 priority
2007-10-18 Application filed by 日亜化学工業株式会社 filed Critical 日亜化学工業株式会社
2007-10-18 Priority to JP2007271764A priority patent/JP5082752B2/en
2008-07-31 Publication of JP2008177528A publication Critical patent/JP2008177528A/en
2012-11-28 Publication of JP5082752B2 publication Critical patent/JP5082752B2/en
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device in which unevenness is provided on a substrate, and more particularly, to a semiconductor light emitting device in which external quantum efficiency is increased by unevenness of the substrate, a substrate used therefor, and a manufacturing method thereof.
In a semiconductor element, for example, a nitride semiconductor light emitting diode (LED), an n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a p-type semiconductor layer are basically stacked in this order on a substrate, and an electrode is formed thereon. The light in the active layer is emitted to the outside of the device from the externally exposed surface (upper surface, side surface) of the semiconductor structure, the exposed surface (back surface, side surface) of the substrate, and the like. Specifically, when light generated in the semiconductor layer is incident on the interface with the electrode or the interface with the substrate at an angle greater than a predetermined critical angle, the light propagates laterally in the semiconductor layer while repeating total reflection. As a result, part of the light is absorbed, resulting in a decrease in external quantum efficiency.
Therefore, a method of roughening the surface or side surface of the light emitting diode has also been proposed, but the semiconductor layer may be damaged and cracks may occur, in which case the pn junction is partially destroyed. And the internal quantum efficiency is reduced. Therefore, it has been considered to provide unevenness on the semiconductor growth surface side of the substrate.
As conventional techniques for providing unevenness on the growth surface of a substrate, there are the following documents, and in relation to Patent Document 3, JP 2006-066442 A, JP 2005-064492 A, JP 2005-101230 A, There are JP-A-2005-136106 and JP-A-2005-314121, and JP-A-2000-331937, JP-A-2002-280609, and JP-A-2002-289540 are related to patent documents 4 and 5. There is a publication.
JP 2003-318441 A JP 2005-101656 A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-047718 JP 2002-164296 A JP 2002-280611 A JP 2001-053012 A
Each of the above references (references 1 to 6) discloses providing irregularities on the growth surface of the substrate, and reference 3 and the above related documents disclose providing etch pits by wet etching of phosphoric acid on a sapphire substrate. Has been.
When an optical structure having a light extraction effect is provided on the substrate surface on the semiconductor structure side, it also serves as a crystal growth surface, so that there is a problem that the crystallinity grown due to the uneven shape deteriorates. In addition, if there is a gap in the provided substrate recess, it will cause a reduction in light extraction efficiency. Even if the structure of the substrate surface improves the light extraction, there is a problem of adversely affecting the directivity of light emission.
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a light-emitting element substrate, a light-emitting element, and a method for manufacturing the same, which have excellent crystallinity and excellent light extraction efficiency.
A semiconductor light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention is a semiconductor light-emitting device having a semiconductor light-emitting structure on a first main surface of a substrate. The semiconductor light-emitting device has a substrate protrusion on the first main surface of the substrate. The bottom surface of the convex portion is wider than the top surface, or the top surface is included in the bottom surface of the convex portion in the substrate surface, the shape of the bottom surface is substantially polygonal, and the top surface is substantially circular or from the constituent sides of the bottom surface This is a semiconductor light emitting device having a substantially polygonal shape with many constituent sides.
As another aspect according to the above aspect, (1) the side surface of the convex portion is a composite surface composed of a larger number of surfaces than the number of component sides with respect to the substantially polygonal component side of the bottom surface. There is.
A semiconductor light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention is a semiconductor light-emitting device having a semiconductor light-emitting structure on a first main surface of a substrate, the first main surface of the substrate having a substrate convex portion, and the bottom surface of the convex portion. Is wider in cross section than the upper surface, or the upper surface is enclosed in the bottom surface of the convex portion in the substrate surface, the shape of the bottom surface is a substantially polygonal shape, and the upper surface is the same or less than the constituent sides of the bottom surface The convex side surface is a composite surface composed of a larger number of surfaces than the number of constituent sides of the bottom surface.
As another aspect according to each of the above embodiments, (1) the substrate convex portion is a plurality of convex portions separated from each other on the first main surface, and (2) the convex portion within the first main surface of the substrate. The parts are periodically arranged, (3) the periodic arrangement of the convex parts is triangular, quadrangular, and hexagonal, and (4) the shape of the bottom is substantially triangular.
In the method for manufacturing a growth substrate for a semiconductor light emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention, a top surface shape is different from a bottom surface shape by providing a mask on the first main surface of the substrate and etching the substrate through the mask. And a step of forming a concavo-convex structure on the substrate, wherein a plurality of protrusions are separated from each other on the substrate surface, and a step of forming a semiconductor substrate by growing a semiconductor on the surfaces of the protrusions and recesses of the substrate.
As another aspect of the above aspect, (1) a mask process includes a first mask that defines a bottom surface shape of the convex portion, and a second mask that defines the top surface shape of the convex portion on the first mask. (2) In the concavo-convex structure forming step, the etching is wet etching, and the convex bottom surface shape is a shape including a substrate crystal shape defined by the wet etching. (3) The bottom surface of the convex portion is wider in the cross section of the substrate than the top surface, or includes the top surface within the substrate surface, the bottom surface has a substantially polygonal shape, and the top surface has a substantially circular shape or more than the constituent sides of the bottom surface. (4) The mask shape is a substantially circular shape, and the bottom surface shape is a constant width diagram shape or a Rouleau polygonal shape. (5) In the first main surface of the substrate, the convex portion is Periodically Is periodically arranged, triangular, square shape, a hexagonal shape, there is.
The semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention can realize suitable light extraction due to the optical structure of the substrate. In addition, the element substrate is rich in mass productivity without increasing the number of man-hours even in the manufacture of complicated shapes with excellent optical characteristics. Moreover, in the manufacture of the element, it is possible to realize suitable semiconductor crystal growth even on an uneven surface by combining the top surface, bottom surface, or side surface with a specific shape. Therefore, these inventions can be applied to other semiconductor elements.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, the light-emitting element / device described below is for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following. In particular, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described below are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only to specific examples unless otherwise specified. Only. Note that the size, positional relationship, and the like of the members shown in each drawing may be exaggerated for clarity of explanation. Furthermore, each element constituting the present invention may be configured such that a plurality of elements are constituted by the same member and the plurality of elements are shared by one member, and conversely, the function of one member is constituted by a plurality of members. It can also be realized by sharing.
[Embodiment 1] Semiconductor Light-Emitting Element and its Substrate The semiconductor light-emitting element of the present invention basically has a structure in which a light-emitting element structure having a semiconductor laminated structure 20 is provided on a substrate 10 as shown in FIG. The structure of optical functions such as light reflection / diffraction with respect to the light of the light emitting element is provided mainly on the growth side surface (first main surface) of the substrate 10 for semiconductor growth. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, a concavo-convex structure 11 is provided on the first main surface of the substrate, and the concavo-convex forms an interface having an optical function with a semiconductor having a refractive index different from that of the substrate. Is reflected and diffracted as shown by the arrow on the uneven surface, particularly the inclined side surface. A semiconductor having a light-emitting element structure is provided over the substrate with an underlayer as necessary, so that the light-emitting element is formed.
As a specific example, as an example obtained in Example 1, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in a planar shape, the convex bottom surface 14 is substantially triangular, and the convex top surface 13 is substantially circular, Specifically, they are non-similar to each other, and in particular, as shown in this example, the bottom surface has a polygonal shape with more sides than the polygonal shape, preferably a substantially circular top surface. A shape having a number of side surfaces larger than the number of constituent sides is preferable. This is because in an element having a light emitting structure on a substrate, there is light propagating in various directions within the substrate surface. On the other hand, a deep position (concave bottom surface 14) of the substrate and a protruding portion protruding therefrom Due to the side surface 17 and the inclined surface, the light tends to be suitably diffusely reflected and diffracted. Also, on the upper surface side, the direction dependency of light and the deviation in direction tend to be suppressed because the orientation dependency is lower and the number of rotational symmetry is larger than the bottom surface / side surface side with respect to the light in each direction. Here, FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view 1A for explaining the shape and arrangement of the convex portions 11 provided on the surface of the substrate 10, and a schematic cross sectional view 1B for explaining a partial cross section. FIG. FIGS. 3A and 3B are a schematic perspective view for explaining the fine shape of the substrate, and FIG. 3B is a schematic perspective view for explaining the convex portion 11 provided on the substrate surface.
When a fine shape is observed with respect to this example, as shown in FIG. 2, the shape of the bottom surface 14 protrudes outward as compared to the dotted triangle 14a connecting the vertices. In this structure, two side surfaces 17-1 and 17-2 and bottom surface constituting sides 16-1 and 16-2 are provided for one constituting side of the triangle 14a. In this way, each side is composed of a larger number of side surfaces and inclined surfaces than the constituent side 14a connecting the vertices of the convex bottom surface, that is, each side 14a is composed of a composite surface of a plurality of side surfaces and inclined surfaces. Thus, the optical function described above can be enhanced, which is preferable. In this embodiment, the constituent sides 16-1 and 16-2 are close to the R plane of sapphire. In this example, the angle of the vertex on the bottom surface is formed smaller than the angle of the vertex of the sides 16-1, 16-2 on the composite surface.
As another example of the shape of the convex portion 11 provided on the substrate, the shape as shown in FIG. 4 can be used. In the example of FIG. 4, the convex portion upper surface 13 has a triangular shape, and the convex portion bottom surface 14 has a hexagonal shape that connects the vertices of two triangles 14a and 14b that connect the vertices. Here, FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view (a) and a plan view (b) of the convex portion in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the triangles 14a and 14b on the bottom surface of the convex portion may have substantially the same size, and as shown in FIG. 4 (b), one triangle 14a may be large. Then, the shape is as shown in FIG. In this example, the large bottom triangle 14a is substantially the same in the apex direction from the center of gravity to the apex as the triangle on the convex upper surface 13, and the other triangle 14b has the reverse apex direction, and the triangular on the convex upper surface 13 The direction is rotated by 180 ° compared to. In this example, the number of side surfaces 17 is larger than the number of hexagonal sides of the bottom surface 14 of the projection, and such a composite surface tends to improve the directivity of light.
As will be described in Example 4 described later, the upper surface 13 having a shape close to a polygonal shape having more constituent sides than the crystal shape of the substrate, which is a triangle in the example, or a substantially circular mask shape, A distant bottom surface 14 is formed, while the crystal shape of the substrate is a distant top surface 13 and a close bottom surface 14. That is, with respect to the two criteria of the mask shape and the crystal shape of the substrate, the dependency of the substrate crystal shape on the bottom surface side far from the mask increases, and the dependency on the mask shape increases on the upper surface side close to the mask. . That is, it has a distribution in which the dependence on the crystal shape of the substrate increases from the upper surface side to the bottom surface side of the mask, and the present invention is made using this, and each characteristic, specifically, light emission. It has a shape with improved characteristics and crystallinity. For example, in the example of FIGS. 1 and 13, the bottom surface shape becomes a triangular shape similar to the substrate crystal shape 14 a when the wet etching is advanced, so by stopping the etching halfway before reaching it, The crystal form 14a is included and forms a bottom shape having a wider cross section and a larger area. On the other hand, compared to a circular mask shape, a curved portion is formed which is flattened along each side of the substrate crystal shape 14a, and each side of the substrate crystal shape 14a defined by the wet etching is outside. It becomes the protrusion part which protruded in the. The same applies to the upper surface in the example of FIG. 13, and the protruding length at the protruding portion and the curvature of the curved portion are larger than those at the bottom surface side.
For example, in Examples 1 and 2 to be described later, the shape is substantially the same as the mask, specifically, since it is eroded from the mask end to the inside, it becomes a similar shape, and from there in the depth direction, a substantially triangular shape of the substrate crystal It changes to 14a and becomes a shape (Example 1, FIG. 1) very close to the crystal shape on the bottom side, and a shape farther than that (Example 2, FIG. 4). Further, the upper surface 13 side is in the middle of the change from the mask shape to the substrate shape, that is, a shape located between the mask shape and the substrate shape (triangle 13a in the figure) (Example 4, FIG. 13). You can also. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the side surface is multifaceted, and it is possible to have a structure in which it is buffered by a three-dimensional shape intermediate between the shape on the top surface side and the shape on the bottom surface side. Applicable.
Further, as shown in each example described later, the crystal shape of the triangle 14a is closer to the shape of the mask (circular, triangular) than that, but the present invention is not limited to this, and etching is further advanced. Thus, it may be substantially the same shape as the triangle 14a. However, since the in-plane orientation dependency of crystal and light emission can be lowered than such a substrate crystal shape, and the crystallinity and light emission characteristics can be improved, the intermediate shape is preferred, and the fixed width figure described below, A rouleau polygon is more preferred.
Further, as in Examples 1 and 4, when the mask shape is substantially the same shape as the constant-width figure, such as a substantially circular shape, the bottom side is a shape between the mask shape and the substrate crystal shape, In the same manner, the shape is substantially the same as or similar to the fixed-width graphic. In Examples 1 and 4, since the shape of the substrate crystal is substantially a triangle 14a, it is a Rouleau triangle or a shape approximate thereto. Thus, when the shape of the substrate crystal is a regular polygon and the mask shape is substantially the same shape as the fixed-width figure, specifically, when the mask is substantially circular and the shape of the substrate crystal is a regular polygon. The shape on the bottom surface side can be a constant width figure, a Roule polygon, or a shape approximate thereto. Further, as in Example 4 described later, when the top surface is a shape located between the mask shape and the substrate crystal shape, as in the bottom surface side, both the top surface and the bottom surface are fixed-width figures or Ruroux polygons ( In some cases, the number of sides is odd or odd. In addition, as shapes similar to the above-mentioned figures, as in the shape of the upper surface 13 of the convex portion in FIG. 13, the shape of the polygonal corners of the roulau, the curved sides and the corners are partially fragmented. There is a shape that has become a polygonal line shape.
As described above, the shape of the upper surface and the bottom surface side is the above-described intermediate shape between the mask and the substrate, the difference in the constituent sides of the upper surface and the bottom surface of the convex portion is the deviation from the reference shape, for example, the ratio of the outer peripheral length, Or, the outer peripheral length of the bottom surface] / [the outer peripheral length of the reference shape of the top surface or the bottom surface], or the area ratio, [area of the top surface or bottom surface] / [the area of the reference shape of the top surface or bottom surface]. When this is larger than 1, when each intermediate shape is polygonalized, the upper side of the constituent side can be more than the bottom side. At this time, the reference shape 13a on the upper surface is preferably substantially similar to the substrate crystal shape which is the reference shape 14a on the bottom surface, as shown in FIG.
Here, as the shape of the substrate crystal, various shapes can be selected depending on the substrate material, its plane orientation, and the etchant. In the case of dry etching, by adjusting the mask shapes on the upper and lower layers shown in FIG. 7B, the substrate-side shape can be realized similarly to the substrate crystal shape, and can be used instead.
Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 1-3 etc., it is preferable that the convex part 11 on a board | substrate is mutually separated and is provided with two or more. At this time, the convex portions may be irregularly arranged, but preferably have a high density in order to obtain a suitable light emitting element, and have a regular arrangement in order to obtain suitable directivity. It is preferable. As the periodic structure of the convex part 11, in addition to the hexagonal arrangement as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 (arranged at the vertices of the parallelogram 11A and the two triangles 11B), a triangular shape, a square shape, etc. In this case, a periodic structure in which convex portions are arranged at lattice points of each shape is obtained. In addition, it is preferable that the periodic and regular structures are formed in the entire substrate surface. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a regular structure is provided in a part of the region, and irregularities are not provided in other regions. In other words, a configuration having a plurality of regions (regular structure of each region) such as a long-period regular structure in which a periodic region, a regular structure region and a substrate flat structure region are arranged may be used. As the periodic structure, the basic units 11A of the convex portions arranged as described above are arranged in the axial directions 11a and 11b of the units. In the example of the figure, a quadrangular shape (hexagonal lattice) is the periodic structure of the basic unit 11A. Become. In addition, when the planar shape of the convex portion is an asymmetric structure, the direction of the shape is also controlled, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the light emitting element structure, the electrode structure and the arrangement thereof, and the bottom surface of the convex portion. The directivity of light can be controlled by, for example, setting the triangle direction to a desired relationship. Similar to the above-described convex arrangement, this orientation can be irregular or regular even when aligned in the same direction, and this can be adjusted to control desired crystallinity and optical characteristics. it can. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 6, by setting the same direction, suitable crystallinity and optical characteristics can be obtained.
Regarding the relationship between the light emitting element and the unevenness of the substrate, the light output and light extraction efficiency of the light emitting element are mainly the height of the convex part (depth when forming the concave part) and the convex part interval (convex part density). As a suitable range of each dimension, the height of the convex portion (depth of the concave portion) is in the range of 0.2 μm to 2 μm, preferably in the range of 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm. The interval between the portions and the width of the recesses are arranged in a range of 0.5 μm or more and 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, at a high density. Similarly, the widths of the convex portions are arranged in a high density range of 0.2 to 5 μm, preferably 3 μm or less. Not limited to this, the above dimensions are set to λ / 4 or λ / (4n) or more with respect to the light emission wavelength λ of the light emitting element, and convex portions with as high a density as possible are formed. Here, n is the refractive index of the semiconductor 20 constituting the medium through which light propagates, the substrate 10 or the concavo-convex interface with the substrate.
As shown in FIG. 1B, the shape of the side surface may be an obtuse angle in addition to the inclination with the acute angle between the bottom surface 14 and the side surface 17, but the former acute angle with the exposed surface of the inclined side surface 17 facing the semiconductor side. It is preferable that suitable light propagation as shown in FIG. 10, that is, change from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction is obtained. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1B, the bottom surface 14 is wider than the top surface 13 of the convex portion, and the bottom surface area is larger than the top surface, and the top surface is disposed in the bottom surface in plan view. This is preferable because the optical function at the interface between the semiconductor and the side surface 17 of the convex portion of the substrate can be enhanced.
As described above, the shape of the protrusion 11, in particular, the shape of the side surface 17 or the upper surface 13 or the bottom surface 14 of the protrusion, and the semiconductor light emitting element are as described above. The side surface is preferably inclined from the normal direction of the laminated surface. In the substrate surface, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the bottom surface 14 constituting sides 16 of the convex portions 11 facing each other with the single concave portion 12 interposed therebetween are not parallel to each other, but are different from each other so as to cross each other. The direction is preferably inclined even from the vertical direction, which is preferred because it tends to reduce the in-plane azimuth dependency and to improve the directivity of the emitted light as compared with the case where they are parallel to each other. More preferably, as shown in the drawing, the bottom surface constituting side 16 of the convex portion 11 that surrounds one concave portion 12 and constitutes a part of the outer edge, and the three convex portions 11 in the examples of FIGS. It is preferable that the direction is inclined from the parallel direction, as compared with a case where the direction is parallel or vertical, a better light directivity tends to be obtained.
Here, although it demonstrated using the component side 16 of a convex part bottom face, it is the tendency also about the planar shape of a convex part upper surface, and the planar shape of a convex part side surface, and is the abbreviation of the convex part upper surface in the example of FIGS. In the circular shape, opposing convex portions are inclined from directions parallel to and perpendicular to each other, and convex portions surrounding the concave portion 12 have upper surface end portions 15 inclined from directions parallel to and perpendicular to each other. Thus, each component side of the top and bottom surfaces of the convex portion can be applied to the end portions 15 and 16 of the top and bottom surfaces, or a part thereof, when there is no component side, preferably as described above. That is, at least the bottom surface on the wide cross-sectional side has a component side. This is because the shape of the bottom surface 14 is more influenced by the light characteristics than the shape of the side surface 17 and the top surface 13 in relation to the light characteristics of each part. The influence tends to be small, particularly when the bottom side is wider in cross section than the top side, and even when the area is large, that is, the constituent side of the bottom side, the outer peripheral length of the end 16 is larger than that of the top side. It becomes prominent when it becomes large.
[Embodiment 2] Substrate and Method for Manufacturing Element Using the Same Substrate and element forming method as described above will be described in Embodiment 2, and the substrate for light emitting element and element will be described later. To do.
The above-described method for forming the substrate protrusions as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 includes forming a mask 19 on the substrate and etching the substrate, as shown in FIG. Its top, bottom and side surfaces are formed. Specific examples of etching include wet etching and dry etching, which will be described later. Specifically, dry etching can be vapor phase etching, plasma etching, reactive ion etching, and an etching gas is as follows. In addition to Cl-based and F-based gases, for example, Cl 2 , SiCl 4 , BCl 3 , HBr, SF 6 , CHF 3 , C 4 F 8 , CF 4 , and the like, there are inert gases such as Ar.
In the case of using dry etching, as shown in FIG. 7B, in order to obtain the above-described convex shape by a method of forming the shape of the mask in three dimensions, or an etching method more than once with a mask of different shape (photolithography), Compared to the second embodiment, there is a difficulty in productivity, accuracy and variation of the convex shape. Specifically, at least two of the lower mask 19a and the upper mask 19b on the lower mask 19a are formed in a desired shape, specifically, the upper mask 19b has a different shape, and the upper surface of the convex portion. The shape and / or the shape of the mask 19a on the lower layer side is formed so as to be a desired shape (FIG. 7B (a)), and the substrate is etched through the two layers of masks 19a and 19b. The mask is also etched (FIG. 7B (b)), and by further etching, the upper layer side mask 19a is removed, etc., so that convex portions having the upper surface, the bottom surface, and the side surface of the desired shape described above are formed (FIG. 7). 7B (c)). As described above, the second mask 19b on the upper layer side mainly defines the shape of the first mask 19a on the lower layer side and / or the upper upper surface and the side surface, and the first mask 19a on the lower layer side mainly It becomes the form which demarcates the shape of a convex part bottom face and a side surface in addition to it.
As a method for defining each mask material, two kinds of resist materials having different wavelengths to be exposed, two kinds of resist films and oxides such as silicon and aluminum, and inorganic compounds such as nitrides can be used. In the case of two kinds of materials, two layers can be applied and formed into a desired shape by exposure according to each, and the lower layer side can be formed into a desired shape and then the upper layer side can be formed into a desired shape. Conversely, films are formed in the order of the upper layer side and the lower layer side, and processed into a desired shape in the order of the upper layer side and the lower layer side, or the first mask 19a on the virtual side is desired by the second mask 19b on the upper layer side. It can be formed as a three-dimensional shape.
Here, in FIG. 7, the substrate manufacturing method of the present invention (FIGS. 7A (a) to (b) and FIG. 7B (a) to (c)) described above, and a device is manufactured by growing a semiconductor on the substrate. FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the method (FIGS. 7C (a) to (c)), and FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view for explaining the growth of a semiconductor on the substrate having irregularities and the surface thereof. It is a figure and it demonstrates using this figure below.
With reference to FIG. 7A, a basic form of the above-described etching process for forming the substrate protrusion 11 will be described below. As shown in FIG. 7A (a), a protective film 19 serving as an etching mask is formed on the substrate 10 and is provided in a desired shape. As the substrate 10, a substrate capable of growing a semiconductor, for example, a sapphire substrate in the embodiment is used. At this time, as a pattern shape of the protective film 19, a mask 19 corresponding to a shape substantially the same as the shape of the convex upper surface 13, in this example, a circular shape, is formed in a planar arrangement as shown in FIGS.
Next, as shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, the protective film 18 and the exposed surface of the substrate 10 are etched. This etching includes the above-described dry etching and wet etching, and wet etching is preferably used. This is because wet etching can make the surface of the convex part smoother, works well for crystallinity, is also rich in mass productivity, and has an intermediate shape between the crystal shape of the substrate and the mask shape described above. This is because the bottom surface of the convex portion and the shape of the top surface can be easily obtained. As an etching solution for wet etching, for example, in the case of the sapphire substrate of the embodiment, phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, a mixed acid obtained by adding sulfuric acid thereto, or potassium hydroxide can be used. As the etchant, various etchants can be used depending on the material of each substrate. As shown in the examples, a high-temperature etchant such as hot phosphoric acid is usually used. At this time, the mask material is appropriately selected according to the substrate material and the etching solution in addition to the silicon oxide such as SiO 2 shown in the embodiment, for example, V, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ti, Ta, Examples thereof include oxides of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, and nitrides of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, B, and Al.
Then, the specific example of formation of the convex part by wet etching is demonstrated below.
As shown in FIGS. 7A to 7B, a mask 19 having a desired shape and a periodic / regular structure is formed and wet-etched. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7A (b), the etching progresses, and the convex shape of the present invention is formed at the lower part of the mask, and the upper surface of the convex part having a smaller width and area than the mask is obtained. At this time, wet etching can obtain a surface and shape depending on the plane orientation of the substrate crystal, but depending on the planar shape of the mask and the etching amount, the shape of the protrusion, particularly the shape of the bottom of the protrusion, and the side surface are described above. It can be set as the shape of the present invention and a side. On the other hand, as described above, the shape of the upper surface of the convex portion can be a similar shape, specifically a substantially similar shape, depending mainly on the mask shape.
Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the top surface of the convex portion is circular, and the bottom surface shape is substantially triangular (each side has two constituent sides 16-1, 16-2, side surfaces 17-1, 17-2). ), The mask has a circular shape, and the etched surface of the C-plane sapphire substrate is similar to the triangular shape of the crystal, forming a substantially triangular bottom shape (total of six constituent sides), and the other top surface shape. Can be circular like the mask. In the example of FIG. 4, etching is performed using a substantially equilateral triangular mask rotated by 180 ° with respect to the substantially triangular surface 14b of the etching surface, so that the top surface shape by the mask shape as shown in FIG. A composite shape with the bottom surface shape due to the etching characteristics, for example, a composite shape with the crystal shape of the substrate and the mask shape. That is, the bottom surface constituting side 14 and the side surface 17 are obtained by the side surface 17-2 having the top surface shape and the side surfaces 17-1 and 3 (constituting side) by the etching characteristics. As described above, the substrate convex shape of the present invention can have different shapes and the number of constituent sides on the upper surface side and the bottom surface side of the convex portion using the etching characteristics.
Further, in the example of FIG. 7A, if the amount of wet etching is further increased, the cross-sectional width and area of the upper surface can be further reduced, and finally the top surface is almost non-conical, hemispherical / semicircular, and the top surface is pointed It may be a shape, a curved shape, or the like. As will be described later, in the growth of the semiconductor, compared with the case where there is growth from the upper surface, the preferred crystal growth, that is, generation of voids due to unevenness, deterioration of crystallinity, reduction in the effect of reducing dislocations, Can be suppressed.
A method for growing a semiconductor on the substrate surface and forming a semiconductor substrate on the substrate surface using the substrate after the above-described protrusion formation will be described below. The shape of the substrate protrusion is the same as in Embodiment 1 described above, but the plane orientation is important. This is because crystal growth on the substrate depends on epitaxial growth of the semiconductor crystal, and thus it is important to have a shape, period / regular structure and orientation suitable for such crystal growth.
As a specific example, when the substrate 10 is a C-plane sapphire substrate and the semiconductor 21 is c-axis grown GaN, the GaN crystal generally grows in a plane orientation rotated by 30 ° c-axis with respect to the plane orientation of the sapphire substrate. Therefore, it is preferable that the shape of the convex portion 11, particularly the bottom surface shape, be a polygon as follows. That is, the planar shape of the protrusion 11 has a side substantially parallel to the GaN A-plane (11 −2 0), (1 −2 10), and (−2 110) plane, and the GaN growth stable surface (1 − (100), (01 −1 0), and (−1 010) are polygons having vertices. This polygon is a GaN growth stable surface (1 −1 00), (01 −1 0), (−1 010), that is, a multifaceted side having no side parallel to the M plane. The square is the standard. By forming the convex portion 11 in such a shape, GaN having excellent flatness and crystallinity can be grown. 1 to 3, an A-axis direction of the substrate (a direction in the substrate plane perpendicular to the A plane) is indicated by an arrow A. Specifically, when the planar shape of the convex part 11 is a substantially equilateral triangle, the constituent sides of the convex part 11 of the equilateral triangle are formed so as to cross the M plane, which is a growth stable surface of GaN when viewed from above the substrate. It is preferable.
7C (a) to (b), where GaN grown from the upper surface 13 of the convex portion 11 and GaN grown from a flat surface (the concave portion 12) where the convex portion 11 is not formed are joined. It is estimated that the growth rate of GaN is increased. That is, from the upper surface of the convex portion 11, as shown in FIGS. 8B and 3, a GaN crystal (21a) grows in a hexagonal shape having the A axis as a constituent side. The growth rate of GaN increases in the vicinity of the side surface of the convex portion where the GaN crystal 21a grown from the upper surface 13 contacts the GaN crystal 21b grown from the flat surface 12. Accordingly, the growth of GaN in the vicinity of the side surface of the protrusion 11 catches up with other regions, and flat GaN is obtained.
As described above, the convex portion used in the substrate for semiconductor growth of the present invention has a shape as shown in FIGS. As a specific example of the growth form of the semiconductor, as shown in FIGS. 7C and 8, the crystal part 21a grown on the upper surface 13 of the convex part and the crystal part 21b grown on the surface of the concave part 12 are separated from each other in the initial stage of growth. (FIG. 7C (a), FIG. 8 (b)), and by further growing each crystal part 21a, b, crystals 21A, B are formed in which at least part of the side surfaces of the crystal part are bonded to each other (FIG. 7). 7C (b)), the unevenness of each crystal part 21A, B is flattened, and the layered semiconductor layer 21 is obtained. In this way, it is preferable for crystal growth that the recess is filled with crystals and no voids are generated, and it is preferable for enhancing the optical function of the above embodiment. In this example, there is almost no growth of the convex side surface 17, but it is also possible to adopt a form in which the growth from the side surface occurs depending on various conditions such as the substrate material, the convex shape, the semiconductor material, and the plane orientation of each crystal.
As described above, since the concave portions are preferably filled by crystal growth, the inclination angle θ of the convex side surface 17 is preferably an angle corresponding to the interval, density, height, etc. of the convex portions, for example, around 45 °. Specifically, it is 20 ° to 70 °, more preferably 30 ° to 60 °. The convex part and the space | interval of a convex part can be made into the same grade as the said embodiment. This is because, as the convex spacing and convex dimension become smaller and the convex part height becomes higher, good crystal growth becomes more difficult.
The growth of the semiconductor layer by the substrate of the present invention improves the crystallinity of the semiconductor layer. Specifically, in the growth of the semiconductor crystal on a heterogeneous substrate, each characteristic such as a lattice constant difference and a thermal expansion coefficient difference with the substrate, Deterioration of crystallinity due to the difference in crystal structure and plane orientation occurs, but it can be improved by suppressing it to a low level and further reducing threading dislocations. As described above, each of the semiconductor crystal parts 21a and 21b grows three-dimensionally, specifically, it grows in the facet direction, so that the substrate grows in the lateral direction and is bonded in the lateral and lateral directions in each crystal part. This is because dislocations generated at the interface can be grown while suppressing the propagation of defects by lateral growth and crystal bonding.
Here, regarding the constituent sides of the convex bottom surface 14 shape, the sides 16-1, 16-2 and the side surfaces 17-1 to 17-3 constituting each side, as shown in FIGS. The side of the convex bottom surface 14 shape 14a is formed by a partial side having a larger angle or an obtuse angle, preferably both of which are formed by the partial sides 14-1, 2 constituting each side. It is. This is an obtuse angle, if it is composed of large side parts 14-1 and 2, the influence of crystal growth than the angle of the bottom surface 14 shape, that is, the above-described dependence of the plane orientation with the semiconductor crystal, can be reduced, On the other hand, because the side is composed of a plurality of partial sides, there is a tendency that good crystal growth and filling of the recesses tend to be made. In the case where each side of the bottom surface 14 shape 14a is composed of a plurality of side surfaces 17-1 to 17-3, at least a part of the partial side is provided (FIG. 4), preferably only the side surface corresponding to the partial side. It is set as the form (FIGS. 1-3) which has. This is also because, like the above-described partial sides, the plane orientation dependency with the semiconductor crystal to be grown is reduced and suitable growth tends to be realized. As described above, the semiconductor crystal growth is more likely to depend on the bottom surface shape than the top surface shape, and this tendency is particularly noticeable when the bottom surface is wide. Therefore, it is preferable that the shape of the bottom surface is the above-described form. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, when the top surface shape is the same as or smaller than the bottom surface shape, its constituent sides and partial sides, such as a triangle, the dependence on the top surface shape in crystal growth increases and the crystallinity deteriorates. Although it is in the tendency, it can suppress this low by comprising by the said composite side surface 17-1-3. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the shape protrudes outward by the partial sides 14-1 and 14-2 and the side surfaces 17-1 to 17-3 constituting each side of the bottom shape 14 a. Therefore, a polygon having a large number of constituent sides, a rounded shape, and a nearly circular shape are preferable, so that favorable crystal growth, particularly growth of the crystal 21b from the concave portion 12 is favorable.
FIG. 5 illustrates the difference between the first main surface 10A of the substrate 10 and the inclination, the off-angle, the shape of the convex portion formed thereby, and the periodic structure. FIG. 5A illustrates the inclination of the substrate. FIG. 5B and FIG. 5C are plan views for explaining each form of the convex portion due to the inclination of the substrate main surface 10A. Specifically, FIGS. 5B and 5C are diagrams showing two forms obtained by using wet etching on the C-plane sapphire substrate and depending on the off-angle as in the first embodiment.
As shown in the figure, the inclination of the substrate main surface 10A is such that the normal direction of the orientation flat surface 18 is the rotation axis (A in the figure) and the direction perpendicular to the normal direction in the first main surface. Can be defined mainly in two directions: an inclination such that is a rotation axis (B in the figure). For example, in Example 1 to be described later, in the example of the first main surface 10A off-angled with the C surface as the main surface and the orientation flat surface 18 as the A surface, the inclination in the A-axis rotation direction (B in the figure) The convex shape shown in Example 1 has two forms (FIGS. 5A and 5B) with respect to the direction of the bottom triangle 14a. On the other hand, in this example, since the angle range of the inclination on the other axis is lowered, such a difference in form is not seen.
As described above, in a substrate having a form in which the shape of the convex portion 11 (its upper surface 13 and bottom surface 14) is different depending on the off-angle of the main surface, the convex shape of the substrate of the present invention described above is preferable. . This is because when there is an off-angle variation from substrate to substrate, or when there is a variation in the off-angle within the substrate surface, the semiconductor layer growth mode due to the difference in the shape of the convex portion, its control difficulty, and in turn mass production There are problems, but the present invention can solve them. The variation in off-angle within the substrate surface results in having regions with different convex shape and orientation and different periodic structures in the substrate surface, in the above example, two forms of regions. In this example, the off-angle angle in the form of (b) is an angle larger than 0, specifically in the range of 0.05 ° or more and 0.25 °, and the form of (c) is an angle smaller than 0, specifically Is in the range of not less than -0.05 ° and not more than -0.25 °.
In the above example, each angle is in a relatively low angle range, specifically + 0.5 ° to −0.5 °, and further, each tilt angle, It is considered that the dependence due to the synthesized angle and the synthesized inclination is observed.
Other configurations and members in the respective embodiments described above will be described below.
As a substrate used in the present invention, in the case of a nitride semiconductor, a light-transmitting substrate is used for a light-emitting element. Specifically, a sapphire substrate, an insulating substrate of a spinel substrate, a SiC substrate, GaN There are conductive substrates such as substrates. Preferably, a light-transmitting substrate having a large refractive index difference from that of the semiconductor material is used. More specifically, for example, a sapphire substrate having a C plane (0001) as a main surface can be used as the substrate. The growth stability surface of the GaN-based semiconductor layer is a hexagonal M-plane {1 −1 00} (where “-1” in the plane index is an “1” with an upper bar) In the present application, the same is indicated). Here, {1 -1 00} represents (-1 100), (01 -1 0), (-1 010), and the like. In the C-axis oriented GaN-based semiconductor crystal, the M-plane is one of the planes parallel to the A-axis direction in the substrate plane. Depending on the growth conditions, other planes including the A axis of the GaN-based semiconductor (= planes other than the M plane) in the substrate plane, such as facets of {1 −1 01} plane, are growth stable planes. In some cases. In the case of a C-plane sapphire substrate, the M-plane, which is the growth stable plane of the GaN-based semiconductor layer, is a plane parallel to the A-plane {11 −20} of the sapphire substrate. Here, the A plane {11 −2 0} represents (11 −2 0), (1 −2 10), (−2 110), and the like.
A substrate used for a semiconductor element other than a light-emitting element is not limited to a light-transmitting material, and a substrate on which a semiconductor can be preferably grown, for example, a heterogeneous substrate in a nitride semiconductor, for example, a Si substrate is used. A semiconductor element having excellent crystallinity can be obtained by the uneven structure of the invention.
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 9, the light emitting device structure is provided with a semiconductor structure 20, particularly a laminated structure 20 in which each layer is laminated, on the substrate. A structure without a semiconductor layer outside the element active region 27 such as the base layer 21 or an element region / structure including a substrate by providing a conductive type region in the substrate can be used. In the example of FIG. 6, the light emitting structure 25 is a structure in which a light emitting region by the semiconductor structure 20 is provided, as shown as a structure in which the first and second conductivity type layers 22 and 24 and the active layer 23 therebetween are provided. Further, the first and second electrodes 30 and 40 are provided on the same surface side. This electrode structure has a structure in which at least the first electrode 30 or the first conductivity type layer exposed region 22s and the region of the light emitting structure 25 are arranged in the element region in the substrate surface. The light emitting structure 25 is preferably a structure in which such an active layer or a light emitting layer is provided between the first and second conductivity type layers. In addition, a structure having a pn junction as a light emitting part, p-i-n A light emitting structure such as a structure, a mis structure, or the like can also be used. Further, a semi-insulating / insulating, i-type layer, or a reverse-conducting type layer / region may be provided in the element structure or in each conductive type layer, for example, semi-insulating to control a current injection region. A structure provided with a current blocking layer / region formed of an insulating, i-type layer or the like, a reverse tunnel layer formed of a reverse conductivity type for bonding with an electrode, or the like may be used.
The first layer 31 of the first electrode 30 and the contact layer 41 of the second electrode are light-transmitting films in the light-emitting element structure in which the first and second electrodes are provided on the substrate and the electrode formation side is the main light-emitting side. Is formed. As a p-side electrode of a light-transmitting conductive film or a nitride semiconductor, a metal, an alloy, or a laminate including at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Os, Ir, Co, and Ag There are structures as well as their compounds, for example, conductive oxides, nitrides and the like. As the conductive metal oxide (oxide semiconductor) used for the first and second electrodes, indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 5 nm to 10 μm doped with tin, ZnO (zinc oxide), In 2 O 3 (indium oxide), or SnO 2 (tin oxide), and a composite thereof, such as IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), which is preferably used because it is advantageous in terms of translucency. Is selected. Further, a semiconductor constituent element, a semiconductor dopant, or the like can be used as a doping material of the conductive material.
[Light-emitting structure / electrode structure]
The light emitting structure is a light emitting structure portion B that is partly separated by a first conductive type layer exposed region 22s, a first electrode forming region, etc. even in the form of one light emitting device region as shown in FIG. It may be configured, and is appropriately selected according to the area and characteristics of the element. The light emitting structure 25 and the first electrode 10 do not have to be one-to-one as shown in FIG. 4, but may have other relations such as two-to-one like the light emitting structure sandwiched between the first electrodes 30, and at least emit light. What is necessary is just a structure which has the group of the structure part and the 1st electrode 30 arranged in parallel with it. As described above, in the case where the main surface on the electrode forming side of the substrate is the light extraction side, a translucent electrode is used, and as shown in FIG. In the case of the side, a reflective electrode is used. In addition, a structure in which an electrode is provided on each of the opposing main surfaces of the semiconductor may be employed.
As a semiconductor grown on a light-emitting element or a substrate, a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor material may be represented by a general formula In x Al y Ga 1-xy N (0 ≦ x ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, 0 ≦ x + y). Those of ≦ 1) can be suitably used, particularly as described later. In addition to nitride semiconductors, the present invention can also be applied to other semiconductor materials such as GaAs, GaP compound semiconductors, AlGaAs, InAlGaP, and compound compound semiconductors.
[Protrusions / Optical structure]
The semiconductor laminated structure has, for example, an exposed surface of the first conductive type semiconductor layer, an optical function such as a protrusion between the electrode 30 and the light emitting structure 25, such as a function of reflection, scattering, diffraction, and an exit port. You may provide the structure part which has. Similar to the above-described concavo-convex structure of the substrate (FIG. 10), the concavo-convex structure can be provided in the semiconductor structure portion to achieve the same effect. As such an optical structure, a light-transmitting, low-loss, light-transmitting and light-transmitting material having a light-absorbing / loss-free structure such as a light-transmitting insulating film, for example, a protective film, is formed on the exposed surface 22s of the first conductive type semiconductor layer. It is preferably formed of a material, and metallic protrusions / uneven portions can be provided as long as the functions of reflection / scattering are limited. Preferably, since the region between the electrode and the light emitting structure is a narrow region, the semiconductor structure separated from the stacked structure of the semiconductor, more specifically, the semiconductor structure separated from the light emitting structure, for example, as shown in FIG. 11 (c) is preferable because it is provided with a concavo-convex structure 50 so that it can be formed with high accuracy and high density, the optical function is enhanced, and it is a light-transmitting material similar to a light-emitting element.
As the protective film material on the semiconductor layer 20 surface side and the electrode surface side of the light emitting element, conventionally known materials such as silicon oxide / nitride, aluminum oxide, etc., depending on the light and wavelength of the light emitting element A material with good translucency may be used as appropriate. The film thickness is about 0.1 to 3 μm, preferably about 0.2 to 0.6 μm.
Specifically, such a concavo-convex structure 50 can be provided as a separation part provided with a separation groove from the light-emitting structure of the semiconductor structure and separated, for example, in a plane substantially circular shape, while a hole is formed in the light-emitting structure part. It is also possible to provide a complex structure by providing a (concave portion) and the light emitting structure surrounding the hole. As the planar shape of such protrusions or recesses, a circular shape is most preferable because of its high density arrangement and mass productivity, but it is an elliptical shape, a square / rectangular shape, a polygonal shape, or a composite shape thereof. Also good. In addition, the arrangement is appropriately selected from a square / rectangular shape, a parallelogram shape, a triangular shape, a hexagonal shape (honeycomb shape), and the like, and a high-density arrangement is made. As the plane size of these structures (protrusions / concaves / grooves), a width of 0.5 to 5 μm, preferably 1 to 3 μm, can be suitably manufactured. Further, the cross-sectional shape can be a trapezoid / inverted trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, etc., similar to the above-mentioned substrate convex portion, preferably the bottom surface side is wide and the upper surface side is inclined in the electrode direction, similarly to the substrate convex portion, Shape. Thus, the protrusion is a structure having an optical function, and can provide an optical function depending on the surface, upper surface, side surface of the semiconductor 20, or an interface with other materials. I just need it.
The light emitting device 200 on which the above light emitting element 100 is mounted will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, the light emission of the mounting substrate / region 201 as the mounting portion 202 of the light emitting device (recessed in the light emitting portion 223 in the drawing). The light emitting element 100 is mounted on the element mounting portion 202. Examples of the mounting substrate include a stem 210 for a light emitting element, a ceramic substrate for flat mounting, a plastic substrate, and the like. Specifically, it is preferable to use a mounting substrate made of AlN or a metallic mounting substrate because a light emitting device with high heat dissipation can be obtained. Since the mounting surface on which the semiconductor light emitting element is mounted is made of a metal material, the light extracted outside the light emitting element is reflected, and a light emitting device with suitable light directivity can be obtained. A metal material is used for, for example, the lead electrode 210 on the surface inside the device on which a light emitting element such as a mounting surface is placed and the light reaches, and the reflective surface 203, and the metal material emits light of the emission wavelength of the light emitting device. Metal materials that can reflect with high reflectivity are preferred. Specifically, Ag, Al, Rh, etc. are mentioned, and a plating film etc. are formed. In the example of the light emitting device, as shown in FIG. 10, the light emitting element 100 is bonded to the element mounting substrate 104 that also serves as a protection element such as static electricity, and the electrode side of the light emitting device 100 is adhesively bonded. On the side, the mounting portion 202 is bonded to and placed on the light emitting device through the adhesive layer 114. In addition, with the electrode side of the light emitting element 100 as the light emitting side, a metallized layer such as a reflective layer is formed on the second main surface of the element substrate via an adhesive layer on an element mounting portion provided on the base body / housing of the apparatus. The semiconductor light emitting device 100 provided with eutectic solder and an adhesive layer can also be mounted by thermocompression bonding or the like. The protective element may be mounted and electrically connected to a mounting portion 222 provided outside the recess 202 of the device base.
Each electrode of the light emitting element is connected to the lead electrode 210 of the light emitting device 200 by the mounting substrate 104, the wire 250, etc., and has a structure in which the light emitting element is sealed with a translucent sealing member 230. Yes. As the sealing member, transparent resin or glass having excellent weather resistance such as epoxy resin, silicone resin, fluorine resin, etc. is used. For these adhesive materials, solder such as eutectic solder, eutectic crystal, etc. Materials, Ag paste, etc. are used. In the illustrated example, a reflective electrode is used as the electrode of the light emitting element.
Further, a light conversion member that converts at least part of the light of the light emitting element on the optical path between the light emitting element of the light emitting device 200 and the exit of the device, for example, the light emitting unit 223 of FIG. It is also possible to obtain various emission colors. Examples of the light conversion member include a YAG phosphor suitably used for white light emission of a blue LED, and a nitride phosphor that converts near ultraviolet to visible light into a yellow to red region. In particular, the phosphor of garnet structure, such as YAG and TAG at the time of high luminance and long-term use, for example, (Re 1-x Sm x) 3 (Al 1-y Ga y) 5 O 12: Ce (0 ≦ x <1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, where Re is preferably Y, Gd, La, Tb, etc. The nitride-based phosphor and the oxynitride phosphor are Sr—Ca—Si—N. : Eu, Ca-Si-N: Eu, Sr-Si-N: Eu, Sr-Ca-Si-ON: Eu, Ca-Si-ON: Eu, Sr-Si-O-N: Eu It includes the general formula L X Si Y N (2 / 3X + 4 / 3Y): Eu or L X Si Y O Z N ( 2 / 3X + 4 / 3Y-2 / 3Z): Eu (L is, Sr, Ca, Sr Or any of these phosphors and other phosphors as appropriate. More, in the example. Views can be a desired emission color of the light emitting device to form a coating member 105 comprising a light converting member around the element 100.
Although an Example is shown below about this invention, this invention is not limited to this, Based on the technical idea of this invention mentioned above, it can apply also to another aspect.
As the substrate, a sapphire substrate having a C plane (0001) having an orientation flat on the A plane (1 −1 20) as a main surface is used. First, as shown in FIG. 7A (a), an SiO 2 film 19 serving as an etching mask is formed on the sapphire substrate 10, and a circular mask 19 having a diameter of about 2 μm is periodically arranged using a photomask.
Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 7A (b), the substrate is immersed in an etching bath using a mixed acid of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid as an etching solution, and etched at a temperature of about 290 ° for about 5 minutes to obtain a depth ( The height of the convex portion is about 1.1 μm.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the structure of the convex portion of the substrate thus obtained has two sides 16-1, which constitute one side of the bottom 14 triangle on the substrate, about 3 μm, and the constituent side 16 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the inner angle is approximately 60 °, 120 ° in the periodic structure of projections, assuming that one side is about 1.5 μm and the distance between the projections 11 is about 3 μm. A parallelogram dotted line box (solid line in FIG. 1A) that is at a degree is a basic unit 11A, that is, the constituent sides 14 of adjacent convex portions 11 are arranged so as to be opposed to each other while being inclined in parallel and perpendicular directions. It can be a structure that is periodically arranged at regular intervals in the axial direction 11a, b of the period. Here, each component side of the convex bottom triangle 14a is formed substantially parallel to the M-plane of the substrates of FIGS. 1 and 3, and the component side 14a has two components corresponding thereto as shown in FIG. The sides 16-1 and 16-2 are formed, and the sides 16-1 and 16-2 are formed substantially parallel to the R-plane of the substrate.
Subsequently, the substrate was transferred to an MOCVD apparatus, and a 20 nm GaN buffer layer grown at a low temperature (about 510 ° C.) on the first main surface provided with the convex portion of the substrate, and a high temperature (about about The base layer 21 is formed by c-axis growth of about 2 μm of GaN at 1050 ° C. Here, as shown in FIGS. 7C (a) to (c) and FIG. 8 (b), the growth layer 21 on the substrate is formed at the initial stage of growth (FIGS. 7C (a) and 8 (b)). Crystal parts 21a and 21b of initial growth are formed from the upper surface 13 of the convex portion separated in the plane and the bottom surface of the concave portion 12 between the convex portions, respectively. Subsequently, as the growth progresses, the crystal parts 21a and 21b become larger, and the crystal part 21a of the concave part 12 exceeds the height of the convex part 13, whereby the side surfaces and facets of the crystal parts 21a and 21b are partially coupled to each other. Then, as shown in FIG. 7C (b), the crystal portions from the convex portions and the concave portions are overlapped, and the convex portions 21A and 21B of the respective crystal portions are bonded to each other at the bottom surface to form a layered structure having irregularities. When the growth further proceeds, as shown in FIG. 7C (c), the unevenness of each crystal part is flattened, and the base layer 21 having a flat surface is formed.
In this example, the dimensions of the projections and depressions are such that the top surface of the projection is about 1.5 μm in diameter, the distance between the top surfaces 13 of the projections (the distance between the top surface end portions 15 facing each other) is about 3 μm, The distance from the upper surface end 15 is about 1 μm, and the vertical angle direction (the direction connecting the bottom vertex and the bottom triangle centroid) is about 3 μm. Further, the inclination angle of the side surface 17 from the top surface 13 and the bottom surface 14 is about 80 ° at the corner of the bottom triangle 14a in FIG. 2, and about 63 ° at the corners of the sides 16-1 and 16-2 on the bottom surface. is there.
An n-type layer 22 such as an n-type contact layer, an active layer 23, and a p-type layer 24 are formed on the semiconductor substrate composed of the base layer 21 thus obtained, as shown in FIG. An element structure is adopted.
Specifically, the base layer 21
As a first conductivity type layer 22 (n-type layer) thereabove, a 5 μm-thick Si (4.5 × 10 18 / cm 3 ) -doped GaN n-side contact layer, and between the contact layer and the active layer In the region, 0.3 μm undoped GaN layer, 0.03 μm Si (4.5 × 10 18 / cm 3 ) doped GaN layer, 5 nm undoped GaN layer, 4 nm undoped GaN layer, and 2 nm undoped In A multilayer film in which 10 layers of 0.1 Ga 0.9 N layers are alternately and repeatedly stacked is used as an active layer 23 on the n-type layer, and a 25 nm thick undoped GaN barrier layer and a 3 nm thick film are formed. A multiple quantum well structure in which six well layers of In 0.3 Ga 0.7 N are alternately and repeatedly stacked, and finally a barrier layer is stacked.
As the second conductivity type layer (p-type layer) 24 on the active layer, a 4 nm Mg (5 × 10 19 / cm 3 ) doped Al 0.15 Ga 0.85 N layer and a 2.5 nm Mg (5 × 10 19 / cm 3 ) Doped In 0.03 Ga 0.97 N layers were repeatedly stacked alternately in 5 layers, and finally the p-side multilayer film layered with the AlGaN layer, and a film thickness of 0.12 μm A p-side contact layer of Mg (1 × 10 20 / cm 3 ) -doped GaN,
A stacked structure (emission wavelength 465 nm, blue LED) can be used.
ITO (about 170 nm) is formed as the translucent ohmic electrode 41 of the second electrode 40 on the surface of the p-type layer 24 that is the surface of the light emitting structure. Further, the exposed first conductive type layer (n-side contact layer in the n-type layer) 22s has a first electrode 30 (n-electrode), a part of the translucent electrode 41, a pad electrode 42A, and an extension from the pad electrode 42A. As the wiring electrode 42B, a film having a structure in which Rh (about 100 nm) / Pt (about 200 nm) / Au (about 500 nm) is laminated in this order is provided. Each of these electrodes is formed into a desired shape by photolithography, and the pad electrodes 42A of the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 are provided as external connection portions. Subsequently, the wafer is divided so as to obtain a substantially square light emitting element of 320 μm (320 μm square) shown in FIG. 6 to obtain an LED chip. As shown in FIG. 6B, by providing the convex portion 11 on the semiconductor layer 20 side of the substrate, the light output can be increased by suitable light scattering / diffraction action as shown in FIG. The convex portion 11 in FIG. 6B is shown exaggerated and larger than the dimensions of the embodiment.
As the dimensions of the structures shown in the above examples, the thickness of the substrate 10 is about 50 to 200 μm (about 90 μm in the above example). In the laminated structure 20, the thickness of the base layer 21 is about 1 to 3 μm. The layer 22 has a thickness of about 2 to 5 μm, the active layer / light emitting layer 23 has a thickness of about 10 to 100 nm, the p-type semiconductor layer 24 has a thickness of about 100 to 300 nm, and the surface of the n-type exposed layer 22s has a light emitting structure. The height is about 1 to 3 μm (about 1.5 μm in the above example), the thickness of the first layer (first electrode) / second electrode (lower layer) is about 0.01 to 0.5 μm, the second layer / pad The thickness of the electrode is about 0.3 to 1.5 μm, the width / diameter of the external connection portion / pad electrode is about 50 to 150 μm, and the width of the element outer peripheral exposed portion 22s is about 5 μm to 30 μm.
In the second embodiment, in the production of the convex portion 11 in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper surface 13 of the convex portion and the shape of the mask 19 at the time of substrate etching are triangular, and the others are the same as in the first embodiment. To form a substrate. As shown in FIG. 4, the mask 19 and the upper surface 13 are rotated by 180 [deg.] Around the center of gravity with respect to the bottom triangle 14a, and three side surfaces 17-1 to 17-17 are provided for each side of the top surface 13 and the bottom triangle 14a. The convex part 11 comprised by -3 is obtained. Here, each dimension of the convex part 11 is a substantially equilateral triangle whose length of one side of the convex part upper surface 13 is about 1 μm, and the other dimensions are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Similar to the first embodiment, when the base layer 21 is grown on the substrate having the convex portions 11, the crystallinity substantially equal to that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
In Examples 1 and 2, the semiconductor layer side, a translucent electrode is used as the electrode, and the electrode formation surface side is the main light emission extraction surface side, and the light extraction efficiency improvement due to the substrate unevenness is obtained. As in the example of the light-emitting device (FIG. 10) described above, similarly in the light-emitting element in which the electrode is a reflective electrode and the substrate side is the light extraction surface side, the substrate light unevenness can provide a suitable light extraction effect. .
[Comparative Example 1, Example 3]
In Example 1, the unevenness of the substrate is formed by etching by RIE with substantially the same shape, size, interval, and arrangement. The uneven structure of the substrate thus obtained has a convex portion with a height of about 0.9 μm, an interval between the convex portions (bottom surface) of about 1 μm, a top surface and a bottom surface having a substantially circular shape, and a diameter (cross-sectional width). ) Has a truncated cone shape with a circular plane and a trapezoidal cross section with a bottom surface of about 2 μm and a top surface of about 0.6 μm.
On this uneven substrate, a base layer and a semiconductor element structure are laminated in the same manner as in Example 1, and each electrode is similarly provided to obtain a light emitting element.
Here, unlike the first embodiment, the structure and shape of the light-emitting element is a rectangular element of 420 × 240 μm shown in FIG.
In Example 3, similarly to Example 1, the concave-convex structure of the substrate, the semiconductor laminated structure, the electrodes, and the like are formed to form the rectangular light emitting element.
The light emission characteristics of Comparative Example 1 and Example 3 obtained in this way are shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b). Here, FIG. 11A shows the directivity in the AA line direction in the element plan view of FIG. 11C, FIG. 11B shows the directivity in the BB line direction, and Example 3 is a solid line. Comparative Example 1 is indicated by a dotted line.
As can be seen from FIGS. 11A and 11B, the intensity of Example 3 is higher than that of Comparative Example 1 in the optical axis direction perpendicular to the element plane (90 °). In addition, the mountain in the vicinity of 30 to 45 ° seen in Comparative Example 1 is lost in Example 3. From these, it can be seen that Example 3 has a higher on-axis strength than the comparative example 1, and has a smooth and directivity as a whole, which is greatly improved. Even if a metal reflective film (Al reflective layer in this example) is provided on the back surface of the element, as shown in FIG. 12, the light emission characteristics of Example 3 (solid line in the figure) and Comparative Example 1 (dotted line) A similar trend is observed.
Further, when the underlayer is grown to a film thickness of 3 μm and its crystallinity is evaluated and compared with the half width of the rocking curve, Example 3 (Example 1) is (102), ( 002) surface can be reduced by about 20-30%. This shows that crystallinity is greatly improved.
In Example 1, when the above etching conditions and mask conditions are changed, and the others are formed in the same manner, a convex portion having a shape as shown in the plan view of FIG. 13 can be formed. In Example 1, depending on the shape of the substantially circular mask, the shape of the upper surface of the convex portion 13 is substantially circular, whereas in Example 4, the shape is intermediate between the mask shape and the shape of the bottom surface of the convex portion. ing. This is because the mask film quality, adhesion, etching rate, solution concentration, and other conditions are changed, and the convex surface 13 is less dependent on the mask shape. It is considered that the shape is in the middle of changing to the shape of the bottom surface of the convex portion (constituent side of 17-1, 17-2).
In such a shape, compared to the bottom surface of the convex portion, the shape is close to a circle, that is, a shape close to a mask shape, and the upper side edge portion 15 has constituent edges (16-1, 16-2) of the bottom surface of the convex portion. There are a long curved portion 15-b corresponding to the short curved portion 15-a and a short curved portion 15-a corresponding to the corner. The curved portion 15-b has a smaller radius of curvature than the corresponding bottom surface of the convex portion, while the curved portion 15-a has a rounded shape from the corner (vertex) of the corresponding convex portion bottom surface.
Accordingly, the dependence on the mask shape is low on the bottom surface side and high on the top surface side, while the shape dependence of the substrate crystal is high on the bottom surface side and low on the top surface side.
As in Example 1, the light emitting device shown in FIG. 6 (a) was fabricated and Example 4 was compared with the light emitting characteristics of Example 1. Each characteristic in the AA direction and the BB direction in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b), the strength of the on-axis (90 °) is slightly improved in the fourth embodiment as compared with the first embodiment. This is because the area of the upper surface is reduced by changing the shape of the mask from a substantially circular top surface (Example 1) to a substantially triangular shape of the substrate crystal (Example 4). It is considered that the reflected light from the inclined side surface is increased by increasing the ratio of the area occupied by.
The substrate of the present invention can be used not only for a light emitting element but also for other semiconductor elements to improve the crystallinity of a semiconductor layer. Moreover, although the board | substrate of this invention demonstrated the convex part isolate | separated from each other, it can apply also to the same recessed part.
Further, in the present invention, the convex portions of the substrate are formed by processing the substrate, but other than the above, a member having a translucent and reflective convex portion, for example, the same material as the above-described protective film / mask material is used. It is also possible to apply a convex portion by forming a film of a material / translucent film. In this case, a convex material that does not decompose during the growth of the semiconductor layer is used.
The schematic plan view explaining the board | substrate which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. Schematic sectional drawing explaining BB cross section of FIG. 1A. The schematic perspective view (a) and schematic plan view (b) explaining the unevenness | corrugation (convex part) of the board | substrate which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. The schematic perspective view (a) and schematic plan view (b) explaining the unevenness | corrugation (convex part) of the board | substrate which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The schematic perspective view (a) explaining the board | substrate which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, and the schematic plan views (b), (c) explaining each one form of the unevenness | corrugation of a board | substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The schematic plan view (a) explaining the light emitting element which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, and the schematic plan view (b) of the board | substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Schematic sectional drawing explaining the manufacturing method of the board | substrate which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention ((a), (b)). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Schematic sectional drawing explaining the manufacturing method of the board | substrate which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention ((a)-(c)). 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view ((a), (b)) for explaining a semiconductor growth method and a semiconductor substrate manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a schematic plan view illustrating an element according to an embodiment of the present invention and a method for growing a semiconductor on a substrate. The schematic sectional drawing explaining the function of the board | substrate and element which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a light emitting device using a light emitting element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The light emission characteristic view of AA line direction (a) and BB line direction (b) of the light emitting element (FIG.11 (c)) which concerns on Example 3 (solid line) of this invention, and Comparative example 1 (dotted line). The light emission characteristic view of the AA line direction (a) and BB line direction (b) which concern on the light emitting element (FIG.11 (c)) of Example 3 (solid line) of this invention, and the comparative example 1 (dotted line). The schematic plan view explaining the unevenness | corrugation (convex part) of the board | substrate which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The light emission characteristic view of AA line direction (a) and BB line direction (b) of the light emitting element (FIG. 6 (a)) concerning Example 4 (solid line) and Comparative Example 2 (dotted line) of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Board | substrate (10A: 1st main surface), 11 ... Board | substrate convex part, 12 ... Concave part, 13 ... Convex part upper surface, 14 ... Convex part bottom surface, 15 ... Constituent side (end part) of upper surface, 16 ... Bottom surface Side (end), 17 ... Side, 18 ... Oriental flat, 19 ... Mask,
20 ... Laminated structure, 21 ... Underlayer, 22 ... First conductivity type layer (n-type layer) 22s ... Layer exposed portion (outer peripheral portion), 23 ... Active layer (light emitting layer), 24 ... Second conductivity type layer (p Mold layer)
30 ... 1st electrode (1st conductivity type layer side), 40 ... 2nd electrode (2nd conductivity type layer side), 41 ... Contact electrode, 42 ... Wiring and pad electrode, 50 ... Uneven structure, 100 ... Light emitting element
In the semiconductor light emitting device having the semiconductor light emitting structure on the first main surface of the sapphire substrate,
The first main surface of the sapphire substrate has a substrate convex portion, the bottom surface of the convex portion is wider than the upper surface in the substrate cross section, or the upper surface is included in the bottom surface of the convex portion in the substrate surface,
The bottom surface is a semiconductor light emitting element in which the constituent sides connecting the apexes form a triangular shape, and the top surface is substantially circular.
2. The semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the side surface of the convex portion is a composite surface constituted by a number of surfaces larger than the number of the constituent sides with respect to the constituent sides connecting the vertices of the bottom surface.
The bottom surface is a shape in which the constituent sides connecting the vertices form a hexagonal shape, and the top surface is a triangular shape having the same or fewer constituent sides as the constituent sides connecting the vertices of the bottom surface,
The semiconductor light emitting element which is a composite surface comprised by the surface where the side surface of the said convex part is more than the number of the constituent sides which connect the vertex of the said bottom face.
4. The semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the substrate protrusions are a plurality of protrusions separated from each other on the first main surface. 5.
5. The semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the convex portions are periodically arranged in the first main surface of the substrate. 6.
The semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 5, wherein the periodic arrangement of the convex portions is triangular, quadrangular, or hexagonal.
In a method for manufacturing a growth substrate for a semiconductor light emitting device,
A mask step of providing a mask on the first main surface of the sapphire substrate;
By etching the sapphire substrate through the mask, the bottom surface has a shape forming a triangular shape with constituent edges connecting the vertices, and the upper surface has a substantially circular convex portion on the substrate surface. A step of forming a concavo-convex structure of a substrate provided separately from each other
And a step of growing a semiconductor on the surface of the convex portion and the concave portion of the substrate to form a semiconductor substrate.
By etching the sapphire substrate through the mask,
The bottom surface is a shape that forms a hexagonal shape with constituent edges that connect the vertices, and the upper surface is a triangular shape with constituent edges that are the same or less than the constituent edges that connect the vertices of the bottom surface, and the side surfaces are A convexoconcave structure forming step of the substrate provided with a plurality of convex portions that are composite surfaces composed of a larger number of surfaces than the number of constituent sides connecting the vertices of the bottom surface, and separated from each other on the substrate surface;
The masking step is a step of providing at least a first mask that defines the shape of the bottom surface of the convex portion and a second mask that defines the shape of the top surface of the convex portion on the first mask. The manufacturing method of the board | substrate for semiconductor light-emitting devices of Claim 7 or 8.
9. The substrate for a semiconductor light emitting device according to claim 7 , wherein, in the concavo-convex structure forming step, the etching is wet etching, and the bottom surface shape of the convex portion is a shape including a substrate crystal shape defined by the wet etching. Manufacturing method.
11. The method for manufacturing a substrate for a semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 7, wherein the mask shape is a substantially circular shape, and the bottom surface shape is a constant width diagram shape or a Roule polygonal shape.
In the first main surface of the substrate, wherein the convex portion, are periodically arranged, said periodic arrangement, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, according to any one of claims 7 to 11 is hexagonal A method for manufacturing a substrate for a semiconductor light emitting device.
JP2007271764A 2006-12-21 2007-10-18 Manufacturing method of substrate for semiconductor light emitting device and semiconductor light emitting device using the same Active JP5082752B2 (en)
JP2006344482 2006-12-21
JP2007271764A JP5082752B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2007-10-18 Manufacturing method of substrate for semiconductor light emitting device and semiconductor light emitting device using the same
US12/004,079 US7781790B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2007-12-20 Method for manufacturing substrate for semiconductor light emitting element and semiconductor light emitting element using the same
US12/816,186 US8394652B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2010-06-15 Method for manufacturing substrate for semiconductor light emitting element and semiconductor light emitting element using the same
US13/759,892 US8686457B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2013-02-05 Method for manufacturing substrate for semiconductor light emitting element and semiconductor light emitting element using the same
US14/152,765 US9054271B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2014-01-10 Method for manufacturing substrate for semiconductor light emitting element and semiconductor light emitting element using the same
JP2008177528A JP2008177528A (en) 2008-07-31
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