Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US6317461?dq=5537618&ei=urENT6-uEoHegQe698i5Bw
Timestamp: 2014-07-11 22:54:49
Document Index: 611652900

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 22', 'art 703', 'art 707', 'art 903', 'art 903', 'art 903', 'art 21', 'art 23', 'art 21', 'art 22']

Patent US6317461 - Moving picture coding and/or decoding systems, and variable-length coding ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA coding and/or decoding system includes: a code-word table for storing therein a plurality of code words, which are capable of being decoded both in forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of...http://www.google.com/patents/US6317461?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6317461 - Moving picture coding and/or decoding systems, and variable-length coding and/or decoding systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6317461 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/476,117Publication dateNov 13, 2001Filing dateJan 3, 2000Priority dateMar 15, 1995Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS6104754, US6256064, US6501801, US7376187, US7388914, US20010053184, US20040071451, US20040101054, US20070160148, US20070160149, US20070160150, US20070188359, US20070188360, US20070205928Publication number09476117, 476117, US 6317461 B1, US 6317461B1, US-B1-6317461, US6317461 B1, US6317461B1InventorsTakeshi Chujoh, Toshiaki Watanabe, Yoshihiro Kikuchi, Takeshi NagaiOriginal AssigneeKabushiki Kaisha ToshibaExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (112), Classifications (41), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMoving picture coding and/or decoding systems, and variable-length coding and/or decoding systemUS 6317461 B1Abstract A coding and/or decoding system includes: a code-word table for storing therein a plurality of code words, which are capable of being decoded both in forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of the code words, so that the code words correspond to different source symbols; an encoder for selecting code words corresponding to inputted source symbols from the code-word table; and a synchronization interval setting part for preparing coded data every predetermined interval using the code words selected by the encoder and for inserting stuffing codes capable of being decoded in the backward direction. Thus, it is possible to decrease useless bit patterns to enhance the coding efficiency by smaller amounts of calculation and storage, and to decode variable length codes both in the forward and backward directions even if the synchronization interval is set every interval using the stuffing bits.
What is claimed is: 1. A variable length decoding system for decoding coded-data, comprising:
a synchronization interval detector for detecting a synchronization interval of the coded-data, wherein the coded-data include variable length codes of code words containing code words capable of being decoded both in forward and backward directions and into which stuffing codes capable of being decoded in the backward direction are inserted every predetermined synchronization interval; a forward decoder for decoding, in the forward direction, the coded-data in the synchronization interval detected by said synchronization interval detector; and a backward decoder for decoding, in the backward direction, the coded-data in the synchronization interval detected by said synchronization interval detector. 2. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of the code words, have first and second code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions, said second code word being added to at least one of a prefix and suffix of said first code word.
3. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of the code words, have first and second code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions, said second code word being added at least one of immediately before and after respective bits of said first code word.
4. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of the code words, have code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and between the respective bits of which code words of a fixed length code are inserted by predetermined bits.
5. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of the code words, have first and second code words, which are capable of being decoded both in forward and backward directions, said second code word being inserted between respective bits of said first code word.
6. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said predetermined synchronization intervals are set such that an interval between positions capable of an insertion of a synchronization code is defined to a distance being an integer times as long as a constant interval unit.
7. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 6, wherein said constant interval unit is M bits (where M is an arbitrary integer), and said stuffing codes to be inserted have any length from one-bit length to M-bit length.
8. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 7, wherein said stuffing code to be inserted are a code which is constituted by only �0� or �0� plus a continuous several �1� s from one to (M−1), and a total bit length of said stuffing codes are on or under said M bits.
9. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said stuffing codes to be inserted are constituted by a code in which an appearance of �0� is a delimiter while the code is decoded in the backward direction.
10. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said stuffing codes are inserted next to the coded-data.
11. A variable length decoding system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said stuffing codes are constituted by a code which is capable of being decoded not only in the backward direction but also in the forward direction.
12. A variable length decoding method for decoding coded-data, which are of variable length codes of code words containing code words capable of being decoded both in forward and backward directions and into which stuffing codes capable of being decoded in the backward direction are inserted every predetermined synchronization interval, comprising:
detecting a synchronization interval of said coded-data; forward decoding, in the forward direction, the coded-data in the synchronization interval detected by said synchronization interval detecting; and backward decoding, in the backward direction, the coded-data in the synchronization interval detected by said synchronization interval detecting. 13. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of the code words, have first and second code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions, said second code word being added to at least one of prefix and suffix of said first code word.
14. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of the code words, have first and second code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions, said second code word being added at least one of immediately before and after respective bits of said first code word.
15. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of the code words, have code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and between the respective bits of which code words of a fixed length code are inserted by predetermined bits.
16. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said code words, which are capable of being decoded both in the forward and backward directions and which are formed so that delimiters of the code words are capable of being identified by a predetermined weight of the code words, have first and second code words, which are capable of being decoded both in forward and backward directions, and second code word being inserted between respective bits of said first code word.
17. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 12, further comprising:
setting said predetermined synchronization intervals such that an interval between positions capable of an insertion of a synchronization code is defined to a distance being an integer times as long as a constant interval unit. 18. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said constant interval unit is M bits (where M is an arbitrary integer), and said stuffing codes to be inserted have any length from one-bit length to M-bit length.
19. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 18, wherein said stuffing codes to be inserted are a code which is constituted by only �0� or �0� plus a continuous several �1�s from one to (M−1), and a total bit length of said stuffing codes are on or under said M bits.
20. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said stuffing codes to be inserted are constituted by a code in which an appearance of �0� is a delimiter while the code is decoded in the backward direction.
21. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 12, further comprising:
inserting said stuffing codes next to the coded-data. 22. A variable length decoding method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said stuffing codes are constituted by a code which is capable of being decoded not only in the backward direction but also in the forward direction.
This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/924,387, filed Sep. 5, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,104,754; which is in turn a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/616,809, filed Mar. 15, 1996 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,469.
Therefore, there is known a method for changing the variable length codes from the usual configurations shown in FIGS. 2A through 2C to the configurations shown in FIGS. 3A through 3C to form code words, which can be decoded in a usual forward direction as well as in a backward direction as shown in FIG. 13. Since the coded data of such code words are also readable in the backward direction, the code words can be also used for reverse reproduction in a storage medium, such as a disc memory, for storing the coded data. This variable length code, which can be decoded in the forward direction as well as in the backward direction, will be hereinafter referred to as a �reversible code�.
The bidirectional decoding means may detect as an is error of the decoding process, when a decoded value obtained by decoding coded data is inadequate in at least one of the forward and backward decoding processes.
FIG. 8 shows a first method for forming code words of a reversible code in the code-word forming part 22. First, as shown on the left side of FIG. 8, two binary series, each of which has a constant weight (the weight is the number of �1� in this case) in the order of short code length and which have different weights (the weights are 0 and 1 in this case), are prepared. Then, as shown in the middle of FIG. 8, after �1� s are added to the prefix and suffix of the binary series to reverse the bits of the binary series, the two binary series are synthesized as shown on the right side of FIG. 8.
In the fifth preferred embodiment, although the basic constructions of the moving picture multiplexing part 703 and the moving picture multiplexing separating part 707 are the same as those of FIGS. 18A and 18B, the constructions of the upper-layer variable length encoder 901, the lower-layer variable length encoder 903, the upper-layer variable length decoder 905 and the lower-layer variable length decoder 906 are different from those in the second preferred embodiment. That is, out of data coded by the source encoder 702, the upper layer data indicated by, e.g., the syntax of FIG. 40A or 41A, are variable-length coded by means of the upper-layer variable length encoder 901 to be transmitted to the multiplexing part 903. In addition, out of data coded by the source encoder 702, the lower layer data indicated by the syntax of FIGS. 40B or 41B are variable-length coded by means of the lower-layer variable length encoder 903 to be transmitted to the multiplexing part 903. In the multiplexing part 903, the coded data in the upper and lower layers are multiplexed to be transmitted to the transmission buffer 704.
A designed stochastic model Q(X) is derived by weighting and averaging the frequency distribution obtained by the plurality of information source. Q  ( X ) =  w  ( θ   1 )  P ( X   θ   1 ) + � + w  ( θ   n )  P ( X   θ   n ) =  ∑ i = 1 n  w  ( θ   i )  P ( X   θ   n ) w  ( θ   i )  :   Weighting   Factor   w  ( θ  1 ) + � + w  ( θ   n ) = 1 In this case, it is a problem how to derive the weighting factor w(θi). When the information source θi is coded by Q(X), an ideal code length L(X|θi) is as follows. L  ( X   θ   i ) = ∑ i = 1 m  P ( X   θ   i )  log   2  ( Q  ( X ) ) In order to minimize the ideal code lengths L(X|θi) of the respective information sources on average, assuming that U  ( X ) =  ( 1 / n )  ∑ i = 1 n  P ( X   θ   i ) , M  ( X ) =  - ( 1 / n )  ∑ i = 1 n  ∑ i = 1 m  P ( X   θ   i )  log   2  ( Q  ( X ) ) =  ∑ i = 1 m  U  ( X )  log   2  ( Q  ( X ) ) When U(X)=Q(X), this function is minimum as follows.
When the information source θi is coded by Q(X), redundancy R(X|θi) is as follows. R  ( X   θ   i ) = L ( X   θ   i ) + ∑ i = 1 m  P ( X   θ   i )  log   2  ( P ( X   θ   i ) ) A weighting mean S(X) of these redundancy with respect to the respective information sources is a function indicative of a mutual information of event X and event θ as follows. S  ( X ) =  ∑ i = 1 n  w  ( θ   i )  R ( X   θ   i ) =  ∑ i = 1 n  w  ( θ   i )  ∑ i = 1 m  P ( X   θ   i )  log   2  ( P ( X   θ   i ) / ∑ i = 1 n  w  ( θ   i )  P ( X   θ   i ) ) As a method for deriving the maximum value of this function, there is known Arimoto-Blahut's algorithm, which is disclosed in �An algorithm for computing the capacity of arbitrary discrete memoryless channels� (S. Arimoto, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. IT-18, pp.14-20, 1972), and �Computation of channel capacity and rate-distortion functions� (R. E. Blahut, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. IT-18, pp.460-473, 1972). By this algorithm or the like, it is possible to derive w(θi) (i=1, . . . , n) having the maximum S(X), i.e., the worst w(θi).
The code selecting part 21 shown in FIG. 55 prepares Q(Y), which is obtained by sorting the source symbols X in order of probability in the stochastic models Q(X) prepared by the stochastic model preparing part 23. The code selecting part 21 also prepares F(Z), which is obtained by sorting the code lengths of the reversible codes prepared by the code forming part 22 in order of shorter length, to calculate ∑ i = 1 m  Q  ( Y )  F  ( Z ) to select one of the minimum value to prepare a code-word table, in which source symbols correspond to code words.
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H04N19/00193, H04N19/00321, H04N19/00957, H04N19/00884, H04N19/00781, H04N19/00696, H04N19/00454, H04N19/00878, H04N19/00854, H04N19/0086, H04N19/00933European ClassificationH04N7/26A10S, H04N7/26A4V, H04N7/26Z12, H04N7/26A6S2, H04N7/50, H04N7/26A8Y, H04N7/26A8B, H04N7/26Y, H04N7/26E4, H04N7/26A6E6, H04N7/26M6E2, H04N19/00R, H04N19/00R1, H04N19/00R4, H04N7/66, H04N7/64Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 31, 2013FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20131113Nov 13, 2013LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJun 21, 2013REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedApr 15, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Apr 19, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google