Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20050030808?dq=6272333
Timestamp: 2015-05-06 15:50:55
Document Index: 582685618

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 400', 'art 500', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 400', 'art 500', 'art 500', 'art 500', 'art 500']

Patent US20050030808 - Standby mode for use in a device having a multiple channel physical layer - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe present invention provides a way of placing a physical layer device into a standby mode. After a link is established between multiple devices, a determination is made whether the device has data to transmit or whether a standby request was received from a link partner. If a standby request was received...http://www.google.com/patents/US20050030808?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20050030808 - Standby mode for use in a device having a multiple channel physical layerAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20050030808 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/882,389Publication dateFeb 10, 2005Filing dateJul 2, 2004Priority dateJul 3, 2003Also published asUS8576820, US20140098728Publication number10882389, 882389, US 2005/0030808 A1, US 2005/030808 A1, US 20050030808 A1, US 20050030808A1, US 2005030808 A1, US 2005030808A1, US-A1-20050030808, US-A1-2005030808, US2005/0030808A1, US2005/030808A1, US20050030808 A1, US20050030808A1, US2005030808 A1, US2005030808A1InventorsKevin Brown, Richard Thousand, John CreighOriginal AssigneeBroadcom CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (30), Classifications (14), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetStandby mode for use in a device having a multiple channel physical layer
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Like numbers refer to like components throughout, and first numeral represents the figure in which that element first appears. In the drawings: FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary bidirectional communication system in which the method of reducing power consumption in a pair of transceivers may be implemented. FIG. 2 illustrates the interface of the four channels of wiring 106A-D to the physical layer (PHY) 200 of a transceiver. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary 1000BASE-T PHY 300 having Standby Mode, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary flowchart 400 for a method of reducing power consumption in a transceiver, according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary flowchart 500 for a method of reducing power consumption in a transceiver, according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION For illustrative purposes, FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary bidirectional communication system in which the method of reducing power consumption in a pair of transceivers may be implemented. The invention is described using 1000BASE-T or S800BASE-T as exemplary embodiments. However, the invention is not limited to these specifications and could be implemented in other communications systems operating at different frequencies (e.g. frequencies higher than used by 1000BASE-T) including but not limited to those communications systems lacking a low power, standby feature. 1000BASE-T is a physical layer IEEE standard for operating Ethernet LANs on unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) wiring and defines the requirements for sending information at a gigabit-per-second (Gbps). 1000BASE-T specifies such aspects as connector types (typically eight-pin RJ-45), pin connections, voltage levels, and noise requirements. IEEE 802.3 data using 1000BASE-T protocol is specified to run over 100 meters of UTP wiring. S800BASE-T refers to a specification for transmitting 800 Mbps (or S800) IEEE 1394b data up to 100 meters using 1000BASE-T transmission technology and IEEE 803.2 protocols. S800BASE-T is described in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/748,290, filed Dec. 31, 2003, entitled �Apparatus and Method for Communicating Arbitrarily Encoded Data Over A 1-Gigabit Ethernet,� which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. As depicted in the exemplary communication system of FIG. 1, to achieve gigabit performance, transceivers are typically interconnected using a multi-pair transmission channel architecture. In FIG. 1, communications system 100 includes two transceivers 102 and 104 coupled together with two or more pairs of wire. For example, in an embodiment, transceivers 102 and 104 are coupled together with four twisted-pair cables 106A-D (also referred to as channels). In an embodiment, the twisted-pair cables are Category 5 balanced cables, such as unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables. Each transceiver 102, 104 includes 4 transmitter/receiver pairs 108A-D, one per channel. For example, in the 1000BASE-T PHY example, the four transmitter/receiver pairs 108A-D are capable of operating simultaneously at 250 megabits per second (Mb/s). Thus, gigabit communication is achieved by simultaneously transmitting data over the four twisted pairs 106A-D at a rate of 250 Mb/s per channel. Each transmitter/receiver pair 108 in transceiver 102,104 is coupled to a hybrid block 110. The hybrid block ensures that receivers in the transmitter/receiver pair 108 do not �see� what is simultaneously transmitted over each of the four channels in full-duplex mode. In other words, the hybrid block separates the transmit signal from the receive signal. The IEEE 1000BASE-T standard requires that digital data for transmission be symbolically represented with a five-level pulse amplitude modulation scheme (PAM-5). The symbols are selected from a four-dimensional 5-level symbol constellation. Each four dimensional symbol can be viewed as a 4-tuple (An, Bn, Cn, Dn) of one-dimensional quinary symbols taken from the set of {2, 1, 0, −1, −2}. In alternate embodiments, alternative coding schemes such as PAM-n (where n=8, 12, or 16) or similar could be used. Conventionally, 1000BASE-T uses a continuous signaling system. That is, if a 1000BASE-T device has no data to transmit or receive, the device is required by 802.3 specification and practical implementations to transmit a complex IDLE code. IDLE mode is a subset of code-groups in that each symbol is restricted to the set {2, 0, −2} to improve synchronization. In conventional 1000BASE-T, the power consumption while transmitting and receiving IDLE code is similar to the power consumption while transmitting and receiving data. FIG. 2 illustrates the interface of the four channels of wiring 106A-D to the physical layer (PHY) 200 of a transceiver. In particular, FIG. 2 depicts the physical medium attachment (PMA) service interface used to transfer data and control information according to the 1000BASE-T standard. Physical layer 200 is divided into two sub-layers, a physical coding sub-layer (PCS) 204 and the PMA sub-layer 202. The wiring 106A-D interfaces with the PHY layer 200 at the PMA sub-layer 202. Management sub-layer 206 establishes timing control of the PHY layer 200, configures the individual devices in the PHY layer 200, and conducts the auto-negotiation function for the PHY layer 200 which is used to establish links between the PHY layers of different communication systems. As shown in FIG. 2, service primitives 220 a-h are used by 1000BASE-T to exchange information across the PMA service interface. Service primitive, PMA_TXMODE.indicate 220 a, specifies the sequence of code-groups that the PCS should be transmitting. For example, the parameter tx_mode can have the value of SEND_I. The value SEND_I is continuously asserted in case transmission of sequences of code-groups representing idle mode is to take place. During reception, service primitive PMA_UNITDATA.indicate 220 c is used to transfer values of the symbols detected on each of the receive channels in pairs 106A-D. For example, the value of the parameter used with PMA_UNITDATA.indicate is a vector of four quinary symbols, one for each channel 106A-D. The service primitive PMA_UNITDATA.request is used to transfer values of symbols to be transmitted over each of the four channels 106A-D. For example, the value of the parameter used with PMA_UNITDATA.request is a vector of four quinary symbols, one for each channel 106A-D. For additional details on these and the other service primitives depicted in FIG. 2, see IEEE 802.3 Standard, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary 1000BASE-T PHY 300 having Standby Mode, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. PHY 300 includes a PCS sublayer 204 and a PMA sublayer 202. The four channels of wiring 106A-D enter the PMA sublayer 202. The PMA sublayer 202 includes a PMA Transmit function 332, PMA Receive function 334, and a PHY Control 336. The PMA Transmit function 332 includes four independent transmitters. The four independent transmitters are analogous to the transmitters in the transmitter/receiver pair 108 shown in FIG. 1. The PMA transmit function 332 receives the code group transferred from PCS Transmit 362 via the PMA_UNITDATA.request service primitive 220 d and transmits the symbols in the code group over the four channels 106A-D. PMA Receive functions 334 includes four independent receivers. The four independent receivers are analogous to the receivers in the transmitter/receiver pair 108 shown in FIG. 1. The PMA receive function 334 receives the five-level PAM signals on each of the four channels 106A-D. The PMA receive function 334 transfers code-groups to PCS receive 364 via the PMA_UJNITDATA.indicate service primitive 220 c. In addition, the receivers are responsible for acquiring a clock. Typically, PMA Receive functions 334 and/or PMA Transmit function 332 includes digital signal processing (DSP) functions such as adaptive filters, analog-to-digital converters, crosstalk cancellers, etc. The DSP functions embodied in the transmitters and receivers consume the majority of the power in the PHY layer 300. PHY Control 336 includes logic to control the operation of PCS sublayer 304 and PMA sublayer 302. Specifically, as defined in 1000BASE-T standards, PHY Control is configured to determine whether the PHY operates in a normal state or in IDLE mode. In an embodiment, PHY Control 336 includes Standby Mode module 338. Standby Mode module 338 is configured to determine whether the PHY operates in Standby Mode and to control operation of the PHY while in Standby Mode. Although FIG. 3 depicts Standby Mode module as being included in PHY Control 336, persons of skill in the art will recognize that Standby Mode block can be included elsewhere in the transceiver. FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary flowchart 400 for a method of reducing power consumption in a transceiver, according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. FIG. 4 is described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3. However, as would be appreciated by persons of skill in the art, flowchart 400 is not limited to those embodiments. Further operational and structural embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant arts based on flowchart 400. Note that in alternative embodiments, the steps shown in FIG. 4 can occur in an order other than that shown. Flowchart 400 begins at step 400 when auto negotiation occurs between a first transceiver 102 and a second transceiver 104. Auto-negotiation (step 410) is performed as a part of the initial set-up of a link between two transceivers (e.g., transceivers 102 and 104). As described above, auto-negotiation is typically performed by the management sub-layer. Auto-negotiation allows the PHY's of each transceiver to advertise their capabilities such as speed, PHY type (e.g., S800BASE-T, 1000Bast-T, etc.), half or full duplex, etc., and to automatically select the operating mode for communications on the link. In step 420, after auto-negotiation is completed, the PHY enters a normal mode of operation where data is exchanged between the two transceivers 102, 104 according to the link parameters established during auto-negotiation. The normal mode of operation may be in accordance with 1000BASE-T specification, S800BASE-T specification, or another common specification using a similar PHY layer. In step 432, a determination is made whether transceiver 102 has any data to transmit. If transceiver 102 does not have data to transmit, operation proceeds to step 434. If transceiver 102 has data to transmit, operation returns to step 420 and normal mode of operation continues. In step 434, a determination is made whether transceiver 102 has received a standby request from its link partner (i.e., transceiver 104). If a standby request has been received operation proceeds to step 460. If no standby request has been received, operation proceeds to step 436. In step 436, a determination is made whether the wait timer has expired. A wait timer is used to define the minimum time that must pass during which the PHY has no data to transmit before standby mode is entered. This step is optional. The value of the timer may be varied based on the application, etc. In an embodiment, the value of the timer is configurable. In step 440, the PHY layer is instructed to enter standby mode. In an embodiment, the Standby module may instruct the PHY control to send a value of the tx_mode parameter indicating that standby mode is to take place. In sum, according to steps 432-440, a standby request may be self-generated or may be generated by the link partner. In step 450, a Standby signal is sent to the link partner transceiver (e.g., transceiver 104) to initiate standby mode in the link partner's PHY. In an embodiment, the standby signal is a unique PAM5 code drawn from an unused subset of code groups from the four-dimensional 5-level symbol constellation described above for a 1000BASE-T PHY. This unique code serves as the standby mode signal for the link partner, which may be, for example, another 1000BASE-T PHY, a S800BASE-T PHY, or similar. In an alternate embodiment, the standby signal is a unique PAM-n code. In a further alternate embodiment, the standby signal is a unique code drawn from an alternate coding scheme designed to work over one or more pairs of wires. In step 460, transceiver 102 enters stand-by mode. Upon entering stand-by mode, register values from the auto-negotiation step 410 are saved and PHY of transceiver 102 transmits the standby code on one or more of the four channels 106. The link partner PHY also transmits the standby code on one or more of the four channels 106. The continuous receipt and transmission of the Standby code indicates that both transceivers are to maintain standby mode. In an embodiment, the Standby signal is transmitted on one of the four channels of wiring. In addition, in an embodiment, the standby code is transmitted with a reduced peak-to-peak voltage. The use of a simple low power standby code allows the transceiver pair to maintain a logical link with the lowest possible power consumption. The retained link allows the auto-negotiation parameters to be maintained, and provides the ability to detect a disconnect on a channel. In an embodiment, the retained link further allows phase locked loops in the recovery circuitry to remain locked. In an alternate embodiment, the phase lock loops are not kept locked. Thus, maintaining the logical link prevents delays when the devices in the PHY layer are restored to normal operation. In step 470, the PHY powers down unneeded circuitry. To do this, one or more of the four transmitters 110 are powered down and one or more of the four receivers 112 are powered down. In an embodiment, three transmitters and three receivers are powered down. Powering down unneeded circuitry such as adaptive filters, analog-to-digital converters, crosstalk cancellers, etc. allows for significant power reduction when in standby mode. Additionally, in the clock recovery circuit, the relative phases of three of the four channels can be locked to the one channel that remains on. In an embodiment, a transmitter in one channel, for example the transmitter associated with channel B remains on, while the receive path in a different channel, for example the receiver associated with channel A, remains on. This ensures that a clean standby code is transmitted, while avoiding problems associated with duplex transmission. More over, the individual circuitry associated with correcting duplex transmission problems may be powered down as well. In addition, keeping a transmitter and a receiver powered allows rapid transition from standby operation to full operation. Normal operation may be restored if the transceiver PHY has data to transmit or if the PHY receives an IDLE signal from its link partner. Additional, the PHY may transition from Standby mode to auto-negotiation if the PHY stops receiving a Standby signal from its link partner. In step 482, a determination is made whether the PHY has data to transmit. If the PHY has data to transmit, operation proceeds to step 492. If the PHY does not have data to transmit, operation proceeds to step 482. In step 484, a determination is made whether the PHY has received an IDLE signal from a link partner. An IDLE signal indicates that the link partner is requesting restoration of normal mode of operation. Note that steps 482 and 484 may be performed in any order. If an IDLE signal is received, operation proceeds to step 494. If no IDLE signal is received, operation proceeds to step 486. In step 486, a determination is made whether a standby signal is being received. If no standby signal is being received at this step, a disconnect has occurred between the two transceivers and operation proceeds to step 410 where auto-negotiation is performed to re-establish the link. If a disconnect occurs while in standby mode, the standby code will not be transmitted. Absence of standby code will cause each PHY to �drop link� and restart, as would normally occur in an 802.3 or 1394(b) network if the cable were disrupted. If a standby signal is received, operation proceeds to 482. In step 492, when the local node has data to transmit, a restore signal is sent to the local PHY. In step 496, the PHY stops transmitting the standby code, and begins sending an IDLE code, such as a PAM5 IDLE code. The IDLE code is received at the link partner's PHY. The IDLE code thus serves as a restore signal for the link partner. In step 494, upon receipt of an IDLE code from a link partner, the PHY exits standby mode. Thus, the IDLE code, serves a restore signal. In step 498, the circuitry that was powered down in step 470 is powered up. In addition, the PHY is returned to the state it was in prior to entering standby mode, as indicated by the saved auto-negotiation values. After step 498, operation returns to step 420. Normal operation begins according to whatever PHY specification was fin use between the two transceivers. FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary flowchart 500 for a method of reducing power consumption in a transceiver, according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. FIG. 5 is described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3. However, as would be appreciated by persons of skill in the art, flowchart 500 is not limited to those embodiments. Further operational and structural embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant arts based on flowchart 500. Note that in alternative embodiments, the steps shown in FIG. 5 can occur in an order other than that shown Flowchart 500 begins at step 502. In step 532, a determination is made whether a local standby request is received. If a local standby request is received, operation proceeds to step 542. If a local standby request is not received, operation proceeds to step 534. In step 534, a determination is made whether a standby request is received from a remote PHY. If a remote standby request is received, operation proceeds to step 544. If no remote standby request is received, operation returns to step 532. Note that steps 532 and 534 can be performed in any order. In step 542, the relative phases of three of the channels are locked to timing recovery of the fourth channel. Step 542 is optional. For example, the relative phases of channels B, C, and D are locked to channel A timing recovery. When present, this step allows the PHY to transition more rapidly from standby mode to normal operation. However, this is achieved at the cost of higher power consumption. In step 560, standby codes are transmitted to the remote PHY, as described above in reference to FIG. 4. In step 562, the PHY delays for time period A. Time period A is configured to allow the receiving link partner (e.g., transceiver 104) to receive and process the Standby code. In an embodiment, this time period is configurable. In step 542, the relative phases of three of the channels are locked to timing recovery of the fourth channel. Step 542 is optional. When present, this step allows the PHY to transition more rapidly from standby mode to normal operation. However, this is achieved at the cost of higher power consumption. In step 574, one or more unused transmitters are powered down. In an embodiment, three transmitters are powered down. For example, the transmitters for channels A, C, and D are powered down. In step 576, one or more unused receive paths are powered down and declocked. In an embodiment, three receive paths are powered down. As a result of steps 574 and 576, one or more transmit paths and one or more receive paths remain on. For example, in step 576, the B, C, D receive paths are powered down and declocked. Thus, transmitter B and receive path A remain on. In step 582, a determination is made whether a local wakeup request is received. A local wakeup request may be generated when the local node has data to transmit. If a local wakeup request is received, operation proceeds to step 590. If no local wakeup request is received, operation proceeds to step 582. In step 584, a determination is made whether energy is detected on one or more of the unused channels. The detection of energy on the powered down receive paths indicate that an IDLE or other signal is being transmitted by the link partner, indicating that normal operations should be restored. If energy is detected on the unused channels, operation proceeds to step 592. If energy is not detected, operation proceeds to step 586. In step 586, a determination is made whether a Standby signal is being received. If no standby signal is being received at this step, a disconnect has occurred between the two transceivers and operation proceeds to step 592 where auto-negotiation is performed to re-establish the link. If a disconnect occurs while in standby mode, the standby code will not be transmitted. Absence of standby code will cause each PHY to �drop link� and restart, as would normally occur in an 802.3 or 1394(b) network if the cable were disrupted. If a Standby signal is received, operation returns to step 582. Note that steps 582-586 can be performed and repeated in any order. In step 592, the unused receive paths that were powered down in step 576 are powered up. In step 594, the unused transmitters that were powered down in step 574 are powered up. In step 596, the phases of the three channels locked in step 542 or 544 are unlocked. If step 542 or 544 is present, step 596 is also present. If step 542 or 544 is not present, step 596 is also not present. In embodiments, Standby Mode can reduce the power consumed by a transceiver in the PHY by at least 75% and perhaps as much as 90%. Many such devices may normally be left connected for extended periods of time in which the device is not actually required to transmit or receive data. The invention of a standby mode for 1000BASE-T and S800BASE-T transceivers can thus substantially reduce the total power consumed, resulting in lower costs, and increased device lifetimes. Conclusion It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents. 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Train Ethernet Link Partners to Support Energy Efficient Ethernet NetworksEP1912383A1 *Jun 8, 2007Apr 16, 2008Broadcom CorporationMethod and system for an extended range ethernet link discovery signalingWO2010117899A1 *Apr 2, 2010Oct 14, 2010Cisco Technology, Inc.Power consumption management in a network device* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification365/222International ClassificationH04L12/12, G11C7/00, H04L12/64, H04L12/40Cooperative ClassificationY02B60/35, H04L12/40052, H04L12/40097, Y02B60/34, Y02B60/32, H04L12/12European ClassificationH04L12/12, H04L12/40F7, H04L12/40FLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 2, 2005ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BROWN, KEVIN;THOUSAND, RICHARD G.;CREIGH, JOHN;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040915 TO 20050802;REEL/FRAME:016731/0074Owner name: BROADCOM CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BROWN, KEVIN;THOUSAND, RICHARD G.;CREIGH, JOHN;REEL/FRAME:016731/0074;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040915 TO 20050802Owner name: BROADCOM CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BROWN, KEVIN;THOUSAND, RICHARD G.;CREIGH, JOHN;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040915 TO 20050802;REEL/FRAME:016731/0074Owner name: BROADCOM CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BROWN, KEVIN;THOUSAND, RICHARD G.;CREIGH, JOHN;REEL/FRAME:016731/0074;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040915 TO 20050802RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services