Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP5076240B2/en
Timestamp: 2020-04-06 10:12:39
Document Index: 215609381

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 120', 'art 180', 'art 160', 'art 140', 'art 125', 'art 130', 'art 140', 'art 150', 'art 160', 'art 165', 'art 170', 'art 175', 'art 180', 'art 200']

JP5076240B2 - Imaging apparatus, imaging method, and program - Google Patents
JP5076240B2
JP5076240B2 JP2008025708A JP2008025708A JP5076240B2 JP 5076240 B2 JP5076240 B2 JP 5076240B2 JP 2008025708 A JP2008025708 A JP 2008025708A JP 2008025708 A JP2008025708 A JP 2008025708A JP 5076240 B2 JP5076240 B2 JP 5076240B2
JP2008025708A
JP2009188676A (en
2008-02-05 Application filed by 富士フイルム株式会社 filed Critical 富士フイルム株式会社
2008-02-05 Priority to JP2008025708A priority Critical patent/JP5076240B2/en
2009-08-20 Publication of JP2009188676A publication Critical patent/JP2009188676A/en
2012-11-21 Publication of JP5076240B2 publication Critical patent/JP5076240B2/en
The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus and an imaging method. The present invention particularly relates to an imaging apparatus and an imaging method for imaging an image, and a program for the imaging apparatus.
A technique for detecting aberration characteristics from image data and correcting the aberration based on the detected aberration characteristics is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). Further, a camera including an objective optics having a PSF larger than twice the pitch of the light receiving element array is known (for example, see Patent Document 2).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-261832 JP 2006-519527 A
In the technique described in Patent Document 1, aberrations are corrected after performing processing such as color balance adjustment and gradation processing. However, the subject image cannot be correctly restored after the pixel value is converted to a value that is not linear with the light amount by color balance adjustment, gradation processing, or the like. Further, Patent Document 2 does not describe any timing for performing restoration processing.
In order to solve the above-described problem, according to a first aspect of the present invention, an imaging apparatus includes an optical system that forms an image of light from a subject, and receives light from the subject that is imaged by the optical system. A light receiving unit having a plurality of light receiving elements, a correction unit that corrects a plurality of pixel values linear to the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements according to an optical transfer function of the optical system, and correction by the correction unit A non-linear processing unit 170 that converts a plurality of pixel values after that into pixel values that are non-linear with the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light-receiving elements.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an imaging method, wherein a plurality of light receiving steps for receiving light from a subject imaged by an optical system that images light from the subject are received, and a plurality of light receiving steps A plurality of pixel values linear to the amount of light received by each of the light receiving elements according to the optical transfer function of the optical system, and a plurality of corrected pixel values corrected by the correction step. Each of the light receiving elements includes an image processing step of converting the pixel values to a non-linear value with respect to the amount of light received.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a program for an imaging apparatus, wherein the imaging apparatus includes a plurality of light receiving elements that receive light from a subject imaged by an optical system that images light from the subject. A light receiving unit, a plurality of pixel values linear to the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements, a correction unit that corrects the pixel values according to the optical transfer function of the optical system, and a plurality of pixel values corrected by the correction unit. Each of the plurality of light receiving elements is caused to function as a nonlinear processing unit 170 that converts a pixel value that is nonlinear with the amount of light received.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a block configuration of an imaging apparatus 100 according to an embodiment. The imaging device 100 captures a subject and generates an image. The imaging apparatus 100 includes a lens system 110 as an example of an optical system that focuses light, a light receiving unit 120 that receives light that has passed through the lens system 110, an A / D conversion unit 125, a linear processing unit 130, a correction unit 140, A non-linear processing unit 170, an output unit 150, a region specifying unit 160, a distance acquisition unit 165, a condition storage unit 180, and a correction control unit 175 are provided.
The lens system 110 makes optical transfer functions for light from an object point substantially the same regardless of the distance from the object point. The optical characteristics of the lens system 110 will be described qualitatively with reference to FIG.
The light receiving unit 120 has a plurality of light receiving elements arranged two-dimensionally. The plurality of light receiving elements receive light from the subject imaged by the lens system 110. The A / D conversion unit 125 performs A / D conversion on a signal indicating the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements, and supplies a digital pixel value linear to the amount of received light to the linear processing unit 130. The linear processing unit 130 processes pixel values while maintaining linearity with respect to the amount of received light. Examples of the processing performed by the linear processing unit 130 include dark correction, defective pixel correction, and the like. The pixel value processed by the linear processing unit 130 is supplied to the region specifying unit 160, the correction unit 140, and the nonlinear processing unit 170.
The correction unit 140 corrects the image indicated by the pixel value from the linear processing unit 130. For example, the correction unit 140 corrects an image indicated by the plurality of pixel values based on the plurality of pixel values supplied from the A / D conversion unit 125 and the optical transfer function of the lens system 110. As described above, the correction unit 140 corrects a plurality of pixel values linear to the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements according to the optical transfer function of the lens system 110.
The non-linear processing unit 170 performs image processing on the image corrected by the correcting unit 140. Examples of image processing performed by the nonlinear processing unit 170 include color balance processing, γ correction processing, color synchronization processing, contour correction processing, and color correction processing. As described above, the nonlinear processing unit 170 converts the plurality of pixel values corrected by the correction unit 140 into pixel values that are nonlinear with the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements.
As described above, the non-linear processing unit 170 converts the pixel value of the image corrected by the correction unit 140 into a non-linear value with respect to the amount of light received by the light receiving element. That is, since the correction unit 140 corrects the image based on the optical transfer function before the processing by the nonlinear processing unit 170, the subject image can be correctly restored.
Then, the output unit 150 outputs an output image obtained by processing by the image correction unit 140 and the nonlinear processing unit 170. For example, the output unit 150 may display an output image. The output unit 150 may record the output image on a recording medium. In addition, the output unit 150 may send an output to the communication line. The output unit 150 may output the output image after compressing it.
Note that the area specifying unit 160 specifies a partial area that meets a predetermined condition in the image captured through the lens system 110. Specifically, the condition storage unit 180 stores conditions to which the partial area corrected by the correction unit 140 should be adapted. Then, the area specifying unit 160 specifies a partial area that matches the conditions stored in the condition storage unit 180 in the image. Then, the correction unit 140 corrects the image of the partial area specified by the area specifying unit 160 according to the optical transfer function of the lens system 110.
As an example, the condition storage unit 180 stores conditions related to the distance to the subject. Specifically, the condition storage unit 180 stores a distance range from the lens system 110 to an object point having substantially the same optical transfer function. Then, the area specifying unit 160 specifies a partial area in which a subject existing at a position within the distance range stored in the condition storage unit 180 is captured. For example, the distance acquisition unit 165 acquires the distance from the lens system 110 to the subject imaged in the image. Then, the recording area specifying unit 160 specifies the partial area in which the subject is captured in which the distance acquired by the distance acquiring unit 165 is within the distance range stored in the condition storage unit 180. As described above, the area specifying unit 160 specifies a partial area in which a subject located at a distance suitable for the conditions stored in the condition storage unit 180 is captured.
In addition, the condition storage unit 180 determines the brightness of the image when a subject existing at a position within a distance range from the lens system 110 to an object point having substantially the same optical transfer function is irradiated with illumination light. The condition regarding may be stored. Then, the region specifying unit 160 may specify a partial region of brightness that matches the brightness-related conditions stored in the condition storage unit 180 in the image of the subject irradiated with the illumination light.
In addition, the condition storage unit 180 may store conditions related to the type of subject. Then, the area specifying unit 160 may specify a partial area in which a type of subject that matches the type of subject stored in the condition storage unit 180 is captured. In addition, the condition storage unit 180 may store conditions relating to the color of the subject. Then, the area specifying unit 160 may specify a partial area in which a subject that meets the conditions relating to the color of the subject stored in the condition storage unit 180 is captured.
The region specifying unit 160 specifies an overcorrected partial region that is a partial region in which the optical response of the lens system 110 is excessively corrected in the image corrected by the correcting unit 140. Specifically, the region specifying unit 160 is an overcorrected portion that is a partial region in which an image corrected by the correcting unit 140 includes a frequency region in which the optical response by the lens system 110 is corrected to be larger than a predetermined value. Identify the area. Then, the correction control unit 175 suppresses the correction strength by the correction unit 140 in the excessively corrected partial region specified by the region specifying unit 160. For this reason, it is possible to suppress artifacts from being included in the image output from the output unit 150.
The A / D conversion unit 125, the linear processing unit 130, the correction unit 140, the nonlinear processing unit 170, the output unit 150, the region specifying unit 160, the distance acquisition unit 165, the condition storage unit 180, and the correction control unit 175 It can be implemented as a processing device.
FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of the optical characteristics of the lens system 110. In this figure, among the light rays incident on the lens system 110 from an object point on the optical axis, the trajectories of three light rays 210, 220, and 230 that are incident on the entrance pupil 205 at different positions from the optical axis 200 are schematically illustrated. Is shown in As shown in the figure, the light ray 210, the light ray 220, and the light ray 230 are incident on the entrance pupil 205 at a position close to the optical axis 200 in this order.
As shown in the drawing, the light beam 210 intersects the optical axis 200 at a position 215 away from the lens system 110 in the optical axis direction from the paraxial focal position 250 by the lens system 110. Further, the light beam 230 intersects the optical axis 200 at the position 235 away from the lens system 110 in the optical axis direction from the position 215 by the lens system 110. Then, the light ray 220 incident on the position farthest from the optical axis 200 crosses the optical axis 200 at the position 225 between the position 215 and the position 235 by the lens system 110.
As shown in the figure, it is expected that the size of the light spread by the lens system 110 is substantially the same between the position 215 and the position 235. Thus, the lens system 110 has overcorrected spherical aberration and images light substantially far from the paraxial focal point position 250. Therefore, according to the lens system 110, the spherical aberration is excessively corrected for the distance in the optical axis direction where the magnitude of the light spread from the object point is substantially the same regardless of the position of the image plane in the optical axis direction. It can be longer than if not.
Thus, when the distance in the optical axis direction becomes longer, the image plane position at which the magnitude of the light spread is substantially the same for light from an object point existing in a wider distance range from the lens system 110. Can exist. When the light receiving unit 120 is provided at such an image plane position, the optical transfer functions at the position where the light receiving unit 120 is provided are substantially the same regardless of the distance to the object point. As described above, in the lens system 110, the optical transfer function with respect to light from the object point is substantially the same regardless of the distance to the object point due to the above-described aberration characteristics.
The optical characteristics of the lens system 110 have been described qualitatively with reference to FIG. Note that the schematic diagram of the lens system 110 shown in FIG. 2 is drawn for the purpose of qualitatively understanding the optical characteristics of the lens system 110, and is not drawn according to an actual scale. Should.
FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the lens system 110. The lens system 110 includes a diaphragm 700, a lens 710, a lens 720, and a lens 730. The image plane is indicated by reference numeral 780. In the drawing, a plurality of light rays are drawn on the lens system 110. Hereinafter, the arrangement of the lens 710, the lens 720, and the lens 730 and their optical characteristics will be described.
The refractive indexes of the lens 710 and the lens 730 are 1.53128710, 1.52470166, and 1.52196091 for light with a wavelength of 486.133 nm, a wavelength of 587.562 nm, and a wavelength of 656.273 nm, respectively. The refractive index of the lens 720 is 1.59943869, 1.58546992 and 1.579886377 for light with a wavelength of 486.133 nm, a wavelength of 587.562 nm, and a wavelength of 656.273 nm, respectively. The diaphragm 700 is provided 0.001566661 mm away from the apex of the lens 710 on the image plane side.
The thickness of the lens 710 is 1.987091 mm. In addition, the thickness in description of this figure shows the length of the optical axis direction of a lens. Further, the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the lens 710 is 15.48676 mm, the cross-sectional radius of the object-side is 1.1898941 mm, and the conical constant of the object-side surface is −903788.4. The radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the lens 710 is -12.09038 mm, the cross-sectional radius of the image-side is 2.14803 mm, and the conic constant of the object-side surface is 28.79374. In the description of this figure, if the radius of curvature is negative, it indicates that the surface shape is concave with respect to light.
The lens 720 is provided at a distance of 0.4005282 mm from the lens 710 in the image plane direction. In the description of this figure, the distance between lenses indicates the distance between the image side surface of the object side lens and the object side surface of the image side lens on the optical axis. The thickness of the lens 720 is 0.09214797 mm. The radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the lens 720 is 2.114035 mm, the cross-sectional radius of the object-side surface is 2.38122 mm, and the conical constant of the object-side surface is −0.3929276. Further, the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the lens 720 is 1.119414 mm, the cross-sectional radius of the image-side is 2.362124 mm, and the conic constant of the image-side surface is −2.7480465.
The lens 730 is provided at a distance of 1.770789 mm from the lens 720 in the image plane direction. The thickness of the lens 730 is 0.5204438 mm. Further, the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the lens 730 is −0.6002893 mm, the cross-sectional radius of the object-side surface is 3.486572 mm, and the cone constant of the object-side surface is −958.28989. The curvature of the image-side surface of the lens 730 is −0.3018179 mm, the cross-sectional radius of the image side is 4.262504 mm, and the conic constant of the image-side surface is −465.3071. The image plane is set at a position 1.1 mm away from the lens 730.
Thus, the plurality of lenses 710, the lens 720, and the lens 730 are arranged coaxially with the central axes of the lenses aligned. Accordingly, the lens system 110 is rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis.
The absolute value of the difference between the normal angle of the image plane and the angle at which the chief ray is incident on the image plane is determined in advance so that the calculation error of the optical transfer function of the lens system 110 is smaller than a predetermined value. Less than the given value. As described above, by increasing the telecentricity of the lens system 110, the calculation error of the optical transfer function can be reduced. For example, when calculating the MTF, the MTF can be calculated with a sufficiently small error even by FFT. For this reason, it is possible to restore the image blur caused by the lens system 110 at high speed.
FIG. 4 shows the aberration characteristics of the lens system 110 shown in FIG. In this figure, a spherical aberration diagram, astigmatism and distortion diagram, and lateral aberration diagram are shown in order from the top. As shown in the uppermost spherical aberration diagram, the spherical aberration of the lens system 110 shown in FIG. 3 is overcorrected. In this figure, it should be noted that the horizontal axis of the spherical aberration diagram indicates the position with respect to the set image plane, and does not indicate the position with respect to the paraxial focal point.
As shown in the figure, the longitudinal aberration has a positive value over the entire image surface. That is, the value of longitudinal aberration is positive for light incident at least on the entrance pupil of the lens system 110 in a range between the first incident position and the optical axis at a position separated from the optical axis by the first distance. It is the value of.
In addition, a graph showing transverse aberration at a plurality of image heights is shown at the bottom of the figure. The upper left graph shows a lateral aberration diagram on the optical axis, and the upper right graph shows a lateral aberration diagram at an image height of 14.10 mm. The lower left graph shows the lateral aberration at an image height of 19.74 mm, and the lower right graph shows the lateral aberration at an image height of 28.20 mm. As described above, the lateral aberration of the lens system 110 shows substantially the same shape at each image height.
FIG. 5 shows the optical transfer characteristics of the lens system 110 shown in FIG. In this figure, the spot diagram showing the image height and defocus dependency of the spot diagram in order from the top, the defocus dependency of the MTF, and the spatial frequency characteristics of the MTF are shown.
In the uppermost spot diagram, spot diagrams at different image heights and different defocus amounts are shown. In this spot diagram diagram, a plurality of spot diagrams with a plurality of different defocus amounts at the same image height are arranged in the horizontal direction. A plurality of spot diagrams at different image heights with the same defocus amount are arranged in the vertical direction.
As the numerical image heights to the left of each spot diagram indicate, this spot diagram diagram shows the optical axis, 14.10 mm from the optical axis, 19.74 mm from the optical axis, and 20.20 mm from the optical axis. A spot diagram at the image height at the position of is included. In addition, as indicated by the numerical defocus amount below each spot diagram, this spot diagram diagram shows a position of −75 μm from the set image plane, a position of −37.5 μm from the image plane, and an image plane. , 37.5 μm from the image plane, and 75 μm from the image plane.
As shown in this spot diagram diagram, it is understood that the spread of the spot diagram is substantially the same over at least the image plane position in the optical axis direction within a predetermined range, and is substantially the same regardless of the image height. Thus, the spread of light from the object point by the lens system 110 is substantially the same over the image plane position in the optical axis direction within a predetermined range. The light spread may be a spot diagram spread as shown in the figure, or may be a light spread indicated by a point spread function. As described above, the spread of light from the object point by the lens system 110 is substantially the same regardless of the image height, and the spread of light from the object point by the lens system 110 is at least in a predetermined range of the optical axis direction. It can be seen that they are substantially the same over the image plane positions.
Further, as shown in the graph of the defocus dependence of MTF shown in the middle of the figure, it can be seen that the distribution of MTF values is substantially the same for a plurality of image heights, sagittal rays and meridional rays. Further, the MTF shows substantially the same value at least within the defocus range shown in the graph. Thus, the MTF of the lens system 110 takes substantially the same value over a wide defocus range.
Further, as shown in the graph of the spatial frequency characteristics of the MTF at the bottom of the figure, it can be seen that the lens system 110 has substantially the same MTF frequency characteristics for a plurality of image heights, sagittal rays and meridional rays. Thus, it can be said that the MTF of the lens system 110 is substantially the same regardless of the image height. Further, it can be said that the MTF of the lens system 110 is substantially the same over the image plane position in the optical axis direction within a predetermined range. As described above, the lens system 110 spreads the light from the object point to approximately the same size in the light receiving unit 120 regardless of the distance to the object point, so that the optical transfer function of the lens system 110 with respect to the light from the object point. Are made substantially the same regardless of the distance to the object point.
FIG. 6 shows an example of an array of light receiving elements included in the light receiving unit 120. The light receiving unit 120 includes a plurality of light receiving elements 610a and 610b that receive G component light, a light receiving element 620 that receives R component light, and a light receiving element 630 that receives B component light. A unit 650a is included. The light receiving unit 120 receives a plurality of light receiving element units (for example, a plurality of light receiving elements 611a and 611b that receive G component light, and R component light) having the same light receiving element arrangement as the light receiving element unit 650a. The light receiving element unit 650b) formed from the light receiving element 621 that receives the light of the B component and the light receiving element 631 that receives the light of the B component is two-dimensionally arranged.
As described above, the light receiving unit 120 includes a plurality of light receiving elements for receiving light of the color components for each of the plurality of color components, and a substantially planar light receiving surface is formed by the plurality of light receiving elements. Yes. The light receiving surface of the light receiving unit 120 is provided substantially perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens system 110. The light receiving element may be a CCD image pickup element or a MOS type image pickup element.
Note that the spread of light from the object point by the lens system 110 at the position where the light receiving unit 120 is provided is larger than the pitch of the plurality of light receiving elements that the light receiving unit 120 has. Here, the pitch of the light receiving elements indicates the pitch of the light receiving elements that receive light in the wavelength region showing the same color component. For example, the pitch of the light receiving elements may be the distance between the position where the light receiving element 620 is provided and the position where the light receiving element 621 is provided. Therefore, the lens system 110 causes two or more light receiving elements of the plurality of light receiving elements to receive light by spreading light from the object point.
In this case, the light from the object point is received by the plurality of light receiving elements by passing through the lens system 110. For this reason, the subject image is blurred, but if the optical transfer function of the lens system 110 is known, the subject image can be restored by image processing for correcting the spread by the lens system 110 indicated by the optical transfer function.
For example, if the spread of light from the object point by the lens system 110 at the position where the light receiving unit 120 is provided has a spread of a range in which a predetermined number of light receiving elements are provided, the correction is performed. The unit 140 can correct the image based on the amount of light received by a predetermined number of light receiving elements and the optical transfer function of the lens system 110. More specifically, the correction unit 140 uses the amount of light received by a predetermined number of light receiving elements (for example, light receiving elements in an array such as 3 × 3 or 7 × 7) to use the lens system 110. The subject image can be restored to a clear one by the deconvolution process using an inverse filter that corrects the optical response due to.
As described above, the correction unit 140 applies the two or more pixel values of the plurality of pixel values and the optical transfer function to reduce the influence on the plurality of pixel values due to the spread of light from the object point by the lens system 110. Accordingly, each of the plurality of pixel values is corrected. The correction unit 140 corrects a plurality of pixel values for each color component in accordance with the optical transfer function of the lens system 110 with respect to the light for each color component. That is, the correction unit 140 can appropriately correct the influence of the light spread due to the difference in the optical transfer function according to the wavelength.
FIG. 7 shows an example of a block configuration of the non-linear processing unit 170. The nonlinear processing unit 170 includes a color correction processing unit 810, a γ correction unit 820, a color interpolation processing unit 830, a YC conversion unit 840, a color difference correction unit 850, and a contour correction unit 860.
The color correction processing unit 810 acquires the pixel value corrected by the correction unit 140 from the correction unit 140. The color correction processing unit 810 performs matrix processing for gain correction and color correction of pixel values acquired from the correction unit 140. For example, the color correction processing unit 810 performs gain adjustment on the pixel values indicating the intensities of the R component, the G component, and the B component acquired from the correction unit 140.
For example, the color correction processing unit 810 may multiply each pixel value of each color component by a gain value determined for each color component. In addition, the color correction processing unit 810 may convert each pixel value of each color component into a sum value obtained by multiplying the pixel value of each color component by a predetermined count determined for each color component. For example, assuming that the values of the R component, the G component, and the B component are R, G, and B, respectively, the pixel value of the R component is converted into a value represented by u R × R + u G × G + u B × B. Note that the values of u R , u G , and u B may be different for each color component of the output pixel value. As described above, the color correction processing unit 810 may perform color correction processing by matrix processing. In this manner, the color correction processing unit 810 performs color balance correction on the image indicated by the plurality of pixel values corrected by the correction unit 140.
The pixel value subjected to the color correction processing by the color correction processing unit 810 is supplied to the γ correction unit 820. The γ correction unit 820 performs γ correction on the pixel value supplied from the color correction processing unit 810. The pixel value can also be converted into a non-linear value with respect to the amount of received light by γ correction. Note that γ correction may involve dynamic range conversion. As described above, the corrected pixel values may be converted into pixel values having different dynamic ranges by the γ correction unit 820.
The pixel value subjected to the γ correction processing by the γ correction unit 820 is supplied to the color interpolation processing unit 830. In the color interpolation processing unit 830, a synchronization process is performed on the corrected pixel values converted by the γ correction unit 820. Specifically, the color interpolation processing unit 830 performs an interpolation process for each color component, whereby a pixel value corresponding to the position where each light receiving element is provided is determined for each color component. For example, in the light receiving element array shown in FIG. 6, the light of the G component and the B component is not received at the position of the light receiving element 620. Therefore, the pixel values of the G component and the B component at the position of the light receiving element 620 are not determined.
Therefore, the color interpolation processing unit 830 corresponds to a pixel value in the vicinity of the position corresponding to the position where the light receiving element 620 is provided (for example, the pixel value of the G component corresponding to the position of the light receiving element 610a and the position of the light receiving element 611a). The pixel value in the vicinity of the position corresponding to the position where the light receiving element 620 is provided is calculated by interpolation using the G component pixel value and the like. The color interpolation processing unit 830 can calculate the B component pixel value in the same manner. Similarly, the color interpolation processing unit 830 can calculate pixel values of color components that are not received with respect to pixel values at other positions.
As described above, the color interpolation processing unit 830 uses the plurality of pixel values corrected by the correction unit 140 to perform interpolation processing on the plurality of corrected pixel values. As already described, the correction unit 140 corrects a plurality of pixel values for each color component in accordance with the optical transfer function of the lens system 110 with respect to the light for each color component. Therefore, according to the imaging apparatus 100, the influence on the pixel value caused by the difference in the optical transfer function with respect to the wavelength can be corrected before the color interpolation processing by the color interpolation processing unit 830.
The YC conversion unit 840 calculates a luminance signal and a color difference signal from the RGB values obtained by the interpolation processing by the color interpolation processing unit 830. The luminance signal calculated by the YC conversion unit 840 is supplied to the contour correction unit 860, and the contour correction unit 860 corrects the contour. Note that the processing by the contour correction unit 860 can include edge enhancement processing. As described above, the contour correcting unit 860 performs spatial frequency processing for modulating the spatial frequency component of the image indicated by the plurality of pixel values corrected by the correcting unit 140 on the image. The color difference signal is supplied to the color difference correction unit 850, and color difference correction such as color tone correction is performed in the color difference correction unit 850. The color difference correction by the color difference correction unit 850 can include color enhancement processing.
As described above, in the non-linear processing unit 170, the pixel value is converted into a non-linear value with respect to the amount of received light. Since the correction unit 140 can perform correction processing using an inverse filter or the like based on the optical transfer function at a stage where the pixel value is linear with respect to the amount of received light before the nonlinear processing by the nonlinear processing unit 170 is performed. The image can be restored more correctly.
FIG. 8 shows an example of data stored in the condition storage unit 180 in a table format. The condition storage unit 180 includes a distance range to the subject (distances D1 to D2), a luminance range I1 to I2 of the subject, a shape feature amount that is a feature amount of the subject shape, and a color feature amount that is a feature amount of the subject color. Is stored. The condition storage unit 180 may store a plurality of shape feature amounts and color feature amounts. The color feature amount for detecting the barcode region can be exemplified by the ratio of white, black, and gray values, and the shape feature amount for detecting the two-dimensional barcode region can be a grid-like feature amount. A texture pattern can be exemplified. Even if the image includes blur due to the lens system 110, the texture information can be sufficiently extracted if the blur is about several pixels.
Then, the area specifying unit 160 specifies a partial area including a subject that meets the conditions stored in the condition storage unit 180. Specifically, the area specifying unit 160 selects a subject located in the range of distances D1 to D2, a subject whose luminance is in the range of I1 to I2, a subject having the shape feature amount, or a subject having the color feature amount. Specify the partial area to include.
FIG. 9 shows an example of a plurality of partial areas specified by the area specifying unit 160. It is assumed that the area specifying unit 160 specifies the partial area 910 and the partial area 920 in the image 900 as partial areas that match the conditions stored in the condition storage unit 180. In this case, the correction unit 140 corrects the partial region 910 and the partial region 920 specified by the region specifying unit 160 according to the optics of the lens system 110 indicated by the optical transfer function in each partial region. For this reason, even when the optical transfer function varies depending on the image height, the correction unit 140 can appropriately correct the image according to the image height.
The distance ranges D1 to D2 stored in the condition storage unit 180 are distances at which the optical transfer function from an object point whose distance from the lens system 110 is within the range is substantially constant as described above. It may be a range. In such a case, the correction unit 140 corrects a partial region where the optical transfer function is substantially constant, but does not correct a partial region other than the partial region. For this reason, according to the imaging device 100, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of artifacts by correcting with an inverse filter for an optical response different from the actual optical response.
In addition, the same effect can be obtained as described above when the correction unit 140 corrects the partial region in the luminance range of I1 to I2. This is particularly effective when the imaging apparatus 100 images a nearby subject under illumination light, such as when the imaging apparatus 100 is an imaging device used in an endoscope system. Further, since the correction unit 140 corrects the partial region having the shape feature amount or the color feature amount stored in the condition storage unit 180, the correction unit 140 can correct the partial region including the subject to be observed. Further, since the correction unit 140 corrects a specific partial area and does not correct other partial areas, the calculation time required for correction can be shortened.
FIG. 10 shows a diffraction limited MTF in the lens system 110. Line 1000 shows the MTF characteristic at the diffraction limit. When the correction unit 140 corrects the optical response using the inverse filter or the like, the MTF characteristic of the entire system including the correction by the lens system 110 and the correction unit 140 is brought close to the MTF characteristic indicating the diffraction limit.
FIG. 11 shows the MTF characteristics corrected by the correction unit 140. A line 1100 indicates the MTF characteristic of the entire system when the image is corrected using an inverse filter with the correction unit 140. As described above, the MTF characteristics of the entire system deviate from the diffraction limited MTF characteristics (dotted line 1000). This may occur when the correction unit 140 corrects with an inverse filter for an optical transfer function different from the actual optical transfer function. If such a shift occurs in a spatial frequency region that is highly sensitive to human eyes, the corrected image becomes unsightly to human eyes.
Therefore, the region specifying unit 160 specifies a partial region in which a deviation from the diffraction-limited MTF characteristic occurs in a specific spatial frequency region. For example, the region specifying unit 160 may specify a partial region in which an artifact has occurred in the image corrected by the correcting unit 140. In addition to this, the region specifying unit 160, based on the difference in the optical transfer function depending on the image height, based on the optical transfer function for each partial region and the gain amount for each frequency region by the inverse filter, A partial region can be specified. Then, the correction control unit 175 does not perform correction by the correction unit 140 for the partial region specified by the region specifying unit 160 or reduces the gain amount in the specific frequency region. By such processing, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of artifacts due to the correction processing by the correction unit 140.
FIG. 12 shows an exemplary hardware configuration of the imaging apparatus 100. The imaging apparatus 100 includes a CPU peripheral part, an input / output part, and a legacy input / output part. The CPU peripheral section includes a CPU 1505, a RAM 1520, a graphic controller 1575, and a display device 1580 that are connected to each other by a host controller 1582. The input / output unit includes a communication interface 1530, a hard disk drive 1540, and a CD-ROM drive 1560 that are connected to the host controller 1582 by the input / output controller 1584. The legacy input / output unit includes a ROM 1510, a flexible disk drive 1550, and an input / output chip 1570 connected to the input / output controller 1584.
The host controller 1582 connects the RAM 1520, the CPU 1505 that accesses the RAM 1520 at a high transfer rate, and the graphic controller 1575. The CPU 1505 operates based on programs stored in the ROM 1510 and the RAM 1520 to control each unit. The graphic controller 1575 acquires image data generated by the CPU 1505 or the like on a frame buffer provided in the RAM 1520 and displays the image data on the display device 1580. Alternatively, the graphic controller 1575 may include a frame buffer that stores image data generated by the CPU 1505 or the like.
The input / output controller 1584 is connected to the ROM 1510, the flexible disk drive 1550, and the relatively low-speed input / output device of the input / output chip 1570. The ROM 1510 stores a boot program that is executed when the imaging apparatus 100 is activated, a program that depends on the hardware of the imaging apparatus 100, and the like. The flexible disk drive 1550 reads a program or data from the flexible disk 1590 and provides it to the hard disk drive 1540 and the communication interface 1530 via the RAM 1520. The input / output chip 1570 connects various input / output devices via the flexible disk drive 1550 or a parallel port, serial port, keyboard port, mouse port, and the like.
A program executed by the CPU 1505 is stored in a recording medium such as the flexible disk 1590, the CD-ROM 1595, or an IC card and provided by the user. The program stored in the recording medium may be compressed or uncompressed. The program is installed in the hard disk drive 1540 from the recording medium, read into the RAM 1520, and executed by the CPU 1505. A program executed by the CPU 1505 causes the imaging apparatus 100 to display the A / D conversion unit 125, the linear processing unit 130, the correction unit 140, the nonlinear processing unit 170, the output unit 150, and the area described with reference to FIGS. The identification unit 160, the distance acquisition unit 165, the condition storage unit 180, and the correction control unit 175 function.
The program shown above may be stored in an external storage medium. As the storage medium, in addition to the flexible disk 1590 and the CD-ROM 1595, an optical recording medium such as a DVD or PD, a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MD, a tape medium, a semiconductor memory such as an IC card, or the like can be used. Further, a storage device such as a hard disk or a RAM provided in a server system connected to a dedicated communication network or the Internet may be used as a recording medium and provided to the imaging apparatus 100 as a program via the network. As described above, the computer controlled by the program functions as the imaging apparatus 100.
It is a figure which shows an example of the block configuration of the imaging device 100 concerning one Embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the optical characteristic of the lens system. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a lens system 110. FIG. It is a figure which shows the aberration characteristic of the lens system 110 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the optical transmission characteristic of the lens system 110 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the arrangement | sequence of the light receiving element which the light-receiving part 120 has. It is a figure which shows an example of the block configuration of the nonlinear processing part. It is a figure which shows an example of the data which the condition storage part 180 has stored in the table format. It is a figure which shows an example of the some partial area | region specified by the area | region specific part 160. FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a diffraction limited MTF in the lens system 110. It is a figure which shows the MTF characteristic correct | amended by the correction | amendment part 140. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of the imaging apparatus 100. FIG.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Image pick-up device 110 Lens system 120 Light receiving part 125 A / D conversion part 130 Linear processing part 140 Correction part 150 Output part 160 Area specification part 165 Distance acquisition part 170 Nonlinear processing part 175 Correction control part 180 Condition storage part 200 Optical axis 205 Incident Pupil 210 Light beam 220 Light beam 230 Light beam 610 Light receiving element 620 Light receiving element 630 Light receiving element 611 Light receiving element 621 Light receiving element 631 Light receiving element 650 Light receiving element unit 700 Aperture 710 Lens 720 Lens 730 Lens 810 Color correction processing unit 820 Gamma correction unit 830 Color interpolation processing Unit 840 YC conversion unit 850 color difference correction unit 860 contour correction unit 900 image 910 partial area 920 partial area 1505 CPU
An optical system that images light from the subject;
A light receiving unit having a plurality of light receiving elements for receiving light from a subject imaged by the optical system;
A condition storage unit for storing a condition relating to a distance from the optical system to an object point at which the optical transfer functions of the optical system are substantially the same;
According to the optical transfer function of the optical system, a plurality of pixel values linear to the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements in an image of a partial region that meets the conditions stored in the condition storage unit A correction unit for correcting
An area specifying unit for specifying a partial area in which the optical response of the optical system is excessively corrected in the image in which the plurality of pixel values are corrected by the correction unit;
In the partial region specified by the region specifying unit, a correction control unit for suppressing the correction intensity by the correction unit;
A non-linear processing unit that converts the plurality of pixel values after correction by the correction unit into pixel values that are non-linear with the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements ;
The condition storage unit is a brightness of an image when a subject existing at a position within a distance range from the optical system to an object point at which the optical transfer function of the optical system is substantially the same is irradiated with illumination light. Stores the conditions for
In the image of a subject irradiated with illumination light, the correction unit converts the plurality of pixel values in an image of a partial area of brightness that meets the brightness-related conditions stored in the condition storage unit to the optical system. An imaging device that corrects according to the optical transfer function of the imaging device.
The optical system causes two or more light receiving elements of the plurality of light receiving elements to receive light by spreading light from an object point,
The correction unit responds to two or more pixel values of the plurality of pixel values and the optical transfer function in order to reduce the influence on the plurality of pixel values due to light spreading from an object point by the optical system. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of pixel values is corrected.
The optical system expands the light from the object point to approximately the same size regardless of the distance to the object point, so that the optical transfer function for the light from the object point is approximately the same regardless of the distance to the object point. The imaging device according to claim 2.
The imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nonlinear processing unit converts the corrected pixel values into pixel values having different dynamic ranges.
The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the nonlinear processing unit performs gamma correction on the plurality of corrected pixel values.
The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the non-linear processing unit performs an interpolation process on the corrected pixel values using the corrected pixel values.
The light receiving unit has the plurality of light receiving elements for receiving light of the color components for each of the plurality of color components,
The imaging device according to claim 6, wherein the correction unit corrects the plurality of pixel values for each color component in accordance with an optical transfer function of the optical system with respect to light for each color component.
The imaging device according to claim 7, wherein the nonlinear processing unit performs the interpolation processing for each color component.
The imaging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the nonlinear processing unit performs a synchronization process on the plurality of corrected pixel values.
The imaging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the nonlinear processing unit performs color balance correction on an image indicated by the plurality of corrected pixel values.
11. The non-linear processing unit according to claim 1, wherein spatial frequency processing for modulating a spatial frequency component of an image indicated by the plurality of corrected pixel values is performed on the image indicated by the plurality of corrected pixel values. The imaging device according to one item.
The imaging device according to claim 11, wherein the spatial frequency processing includes enhancement processing.
The program for functioning a computer as an imaging device as described in any one of Claims 1-12.
A condition storing step for storing a condition relating to a distance from the optical system to an object point at which the optical transfer functions of the optical system for imaging light from the subject are substantially the same;
A light receiving stage that receives light from a plurality of light receiving elements that receive light from a subject imaged by the optical system;
A plurality of pixel values linear to the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements in an image of a partial region that meets the conditions stored in the condition storing step, according to the optical transfer function of the optical system A correction stage to be corrected by the correction unit;
An area specifying step of specifying a partial area in which the optical response of the optical system is excessively corrected in the image in which the plurality of pixel values are corrected;
In the partial region specified in the region specifying step, a correction control step for suppressing the correction strength by the correction unit,
An image processing stage for converting the plurality of pixel values after correction by the correction unit into pixel values that are nonlinear with the amount of light received by each of the plurality of light receiving elements;
In the condition storing step, the brightness of an image when illumination light is irradiated on a subject existing at a position within a distance range from the optical system to an object point at which the optical transfer function of the optical system is substantially the same. Store the condition about
In the correction step, in the image of the subject irradiated with the illumination light, the plurality of pixel values in the partial image of the brightness that meets the brightness-related conditions stored in the condition storage step are calculated using the optical system. The correction unit corrects according to the optical transfer function.
Imaging method.
JP2008025708A 2008-02-05 2008-02-05 Imaging apparatus, imaging method, and program Active JP5076240B2 (en)
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US12/364,968 US8199209B2 (en) 2008-02-05 2009-02-03 Image capturing apparatus with correction of optical transfer function, image capturing method and computer readable medium storing thereon a program for use with the image capturing apparatus
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