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Timestamp: 2017-05-26 12:33:48
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Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08']

Patent US6287577 - Leave-on antimicrobial compositions which provide improved residual benefit ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention relates to a leave-on antimicrobial composition comprising from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active; from about 0.05% to about 10% of an anionic surfactant; from about 0.1% to about 10% of a proton donating agent; and from about 0% to about 99.85% of water; wherein...http://www.google.com/patents/US6287577?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6287577 - Leave-on antimicrobial compositions which provide improved residual benefit versus gram positive bacteriaAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6287577 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/967,972Publication dateSep 11, 2001Filing dateNov 12, 1997Priority dateNov 12, 1997Fee statusPaidPublication number08967972, 967972, US 6287577 B1, US 6287577B1, US-B1-6287577, US6287577 B1, US6287577B1InventorsPeter William Beerse, Jeffrey Michael Morgan, Kathleen Grieshop Baier, Theresa Anne Bakken, Wei Cen, Mannie Lee Clapp, Raphael WarrenOriginal AssigneeThe Procter & Gamble CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (92), Non-Patent Citations (64), Referenced by (65), Classifications (16), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetLeave-on antimicrobial compositions which provide improved residual benefit versus gram positive bacteria
US 6287577 B1Abstract
The present invention relates to a leave-on antimicrobial composition comprising from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active; from about 0.05% to about 10% of an anionic surfactant; from about 0.1% to about 10% of a proton donating agent; and from about 0% to about 99.85% of water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; wherein the leave-on antimicrobial composition has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 0.5; and wherein the leave-on antimicrobial composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3. The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing skin and providing residual effectiveness versus Gram positive bacteria using these products.
What is claimed is: 1. A leave-on antimicrobial composition comprising, by weight of the composition:
a. from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active; b. from about 0.05% to about 10% of an anionic surfactant; c. from about 0.1% to about 10% of a proton donating agent; and d. from about 0% to about 99.85% of water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; wherein the leave-on antimicrobial composition has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 0.5; and wherein the leave-on antimicrobial composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3. 2. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial active is selected from the group consisting of triclosan, triclocarban, piroctone olamine, PCMX, ZPT, natural essential oils and their key chemical components, and mixtures thereof.
6. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 4 wherein the proton donating agent is an organic acid having a Buffering Capacity of greater than about 0.005.
7. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 2 wherein the proton donating agent is a mineral acid.
8. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 5 wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 5.0.
9. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 6 wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 5.0.
10. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 2 wherein the ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant is less than 1:1.
11. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 9 wherein the ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant is less than 1:1.
12. A leave-on antimicrobial composition comprising, by weight of the composition:
a. from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active; b. from about 0.05% to about 10% of an anionic surfactant; c. from about 0.1% to about 10% of a proton donating agent; d. from about 0.1% to about 30% of a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent; and e. from about 3% to about 98% of water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; wherein the leave-on antimicrobial composition has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.0; and wherein the leave-on antimicrobial composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.4. 13. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 12 comprising from about 0.1% to about 2% of the anionic surfactant.
14. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 13 wherein the anionic surfactant has a Microtox Response Index of less than about 100.
15. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 13 wherein the proton donating agent is an organic acid having a Buffering Capacity of greater than about 0.005.
16. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 15 wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium and ammonium alkyl sulfates and ether sulfates having chain lengths of predominantly 12 and 14 carbon atoms, olefm sulfates having chain lengths of predominantly 14 and 16 carbon atoms, and paraffin sulfonates having an average chain length of from 13 to 17 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
17. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 16 wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 5.0.
18. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 17 wherein the proton donating agent is selected from the group comprising adipic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, glutaric acid, benzoic acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, gluconic acid, polymeric acid, their salts, and mixtures thereof.
19. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 18 wherein the ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant is less than 1:1.
20. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 19 further comprising from about 0.2% to about 10% of the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent.
21. A method for providing residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria comprising the use of a safe and effective amount of the composition of claim 1 on human skin.
22. A method for providing residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria which comprises the use of a safe and effective amount of the composition of claim 12 on human skin.
23. A method for treating acne comprising the use of a safe and effective amount of the composition of claim 1 on human skin.
24. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 17 wherein the proton donating agent is selected from the group consisting of straight-chain poly(acrylic) acids and copolymers thereof, cross-linked poly(acrylic) acids having a molecular weight of less than about 250,000, poly (α-hydroxy) acids and copolymers thereof, poly(methacrylic) acid and copolymers thereof, polysulfonic acid and copolymers thereof, carageenic acid, carboxy methyl cellulose, and alginic acid.
25. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.05% to about 2% of the anionic surfactant.
26. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.05% to about 1% of the anionic surfactant.
27. A leave-on antimicrobial composition according to claim 26 wherein the ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant is less than about 1:2.
The present invention relates to leave-on, topical antimicrobial compositions which provide improved antimicrobial effectiveness when they are applied to the skin. Specifically, the leave-on antimicrobial compositions of the invention provide improved residual effectiveness versus Gram positive bacteria on the skin.
Human health is imped by many microbial entities. Inoculation by viruses and bacteria cause a wide variety of sicknesses and ailments. Media attention to cases of food poisoning, strep infections, and the like is increasing public awareness of microbial issues.
Bacteria found on the skin can be divided into two groups: resident and transient bacteria. Resident bacteria are Gram positive bacteria which are established as pennanent microcolonies on the surface and outermost layers of the skin and play an important, helpful role in preventing the colonization of other, more harmful bacteria and fungi.
Antimicrobial cleansing products have been marketed in a variety of forms, for some time. Forms include antibacterial soaps, hard surface cleaners, and surgical disinfectants. Rinse-off antimicrobial soaps have been formulated to provide bacteria removal during washing. They have been shown to also provide a residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria. Antimicrobial active agents are deposited on the washed surface during the washing process. The residual active controls the colonization and growth of some surviving and some newly contacted transient bacteria. For example, antibacterial soap, when used regularly in hand washing, has been found to provide a 1.0 log to 1.5 log reduction (i.e 90 to 97% reduction) residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria after two to five hours. That is skin washed with antibacterial soap, was tested two to five hours later, to be contaminated with only from 3 to 10% of the number of Gram positive bacteria compared to skin washed with a placebo soap, depending on the test protocol and bacteria tested. Antimicrobial liquid cleansers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,072, Bissett et al., issued Jul. 11, 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,939,284, Degenhardt, issued Jul. 3, 1990 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,820,698, Degenhardt, issued Apr. 11, 1989, all patents being incorporate herein by reference. Finally, these traditional antimicrobial soaps have been developed for use in a washing process with water. This limits their use to locations with available water.
Leave-on, topical lotions, foams and gels have been used, in the past, to moisturize skin, along with a variety of other purposes. However, these leave-on compositions provide minimal residual effectiveness versus transient Gram positive bacteria.
PCT application WO 92/18100, Keegan et al., published Oct. 29, 1992 and PCT application WO 95/32705, Fujiwara et al., published Dec. 7, 1995 teach liquid skin cleansers comprising mild surfactants, antibacterial agents and acidic compounds to buffer the pH, which provide improved germ hostility. However, the use of the acid compounds for only pH adjustment therein, result in compositions which do not deliver the undissociated acid required to provide residual effectiveness versus Gram positive bacteria. This situation is compounded in Keegan and Fujiwara by the preference of mild surfactants, including nonionic surfactants. Neither Keegan nor Fujiwara teach the use of their compositions in a form which can be used without available water, e.g. a leave-on lotion.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,141,821, issued to Compeau Jul. 21, 1964 and Irgasan DP 300 (Triclosan®) technical literature from Ciba-Giegy, Inc., “Basic Formulation for Hand Disinfection 89/42/01” teach the use of anionic surfactants, antimicrobial actives and acids in antibacterial skin cleansers. However, the selection of highly active surfactants result in leave-on compositions which are drying and harsh to the skin. Here, also, neither reference teaches the use of antimicrobial compositions in a form which can be used without available water, e.g. a a leave-on lotion.
Given the health impacts of bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium botulinum, it would be highly desirable to formulate leave-on, topical antimicrobial compositions which provide improved residual effectiveness versus these resident and transient Gram positive bacteria, which are also mild to the skin and which can be used without water. Existing products have been unable to deliver all of these benefits.
Applicants have found that leave-on, topical antimicrobial compositions which provide such mildness and a new level of residual effectiveness versus Gram positive bacteria, can be formulated by using known antimicrobial actives in combination with specific organic and/or inorganic acids as proton donating agents, and specific anionic surfactants, all of which are deposited on the skin. The deposited proton donating agent and anionic surfactant work in combination with the selected active, to provide a new level of hostility to bacteria contacting the skin.
The present invention relates to a leave-on antimicrobial composition comprising from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active; from about 0.05% to about 10% of an anionic surfactant; from about 0.1% to about 10% of a proton donating agent; and from about 0% to about 99.85% of water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; wherein the leave-on antimicrobial composition has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 0.5; and wherein the leave-on antimicrobial composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3.
The present invention also relates to methods for decreasing the spread of transient Gram positive bacteria using the leave-on antimicrobial compositions described herein.
The leave-on antimicrobial compositions of the present invention are highly efficacious for providing a residual antimicrobial effectiveness versus transient Gram positive bacteria and are mild to the skin.
5-bromo-5-nitro- 1,3-dioxane (Bronidox®)
6iso-Propyl-3-methyl p-Chlorophenol
2,2′-Methylene bis(3,4,6trichlorophenol)
bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl)suiphide
Another class of antibacterial agents, which are usefuil in the present invention, are the so-called “natural” antibacterial actives, referred to as natural essential oils. These actives derive their names from their natural occurrence in plants. Typical natural essential oil antibacterial actives include oils of anise, lemon, orange, rosemary, wintergreen, thyme, lavender, cloves, hops, tea tree, citronella, wheat, barley, lemongrass, cedar leaf, cedarwood, cinnamon, fleagrass, geranium, sandalwood, violet, cranberry, eucalyptus, vervain, peppermint, gum benzoin, basil, fennel, fir, balsam, menthol, ocmea origanum, Hydastis carradensis, Berberidaceae daceae, Ralanhiae and Curcuma longa. Also included in this class of natural essential oils are the key chemical components of the plant oils which have been found to provide the antimicrobial benefit. These chemicals include, but are not limited to anethol, catechole, camphene, carvacol, eugenol, eucalyptol, ferulic acid, farnesol, hinokitiol, tropolone, limonene, menthol, methyl salicylate, thymol, terpineol, verbenone, berberine, ratanhiae extract, caryophellene oxide, citronellic acid, curcumin, nerolidol and geraniol.
Nonlimiting examples of anionic lathering surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition (1990), published by The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North American Edition (1992); and U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et al., issued Dec. 30, 1975, all of which are incorporated by reference
Anionic surfactants for use in the leave-on compositions include alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. These materials have the respective formulae R1O—SO3M and R1(CH2H4O)x—SO3M, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. The alkyl sulfates are typically made by the sulfation of monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) using sulfur trioxide or other known sulfation technique. The alkyl ether sulfates are typically made as condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) and then sulfated. These alcohols can be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic. Specific examples of alkyl sulfates which may be used in the cleanser compositions are sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or TEA salts of lauryl or myristyl sulfate. Examples of alkyl ether sulfates which may be used include ammonium, sodium, magnesium, or TEA laureth-3 sulfate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants include olefm sulfonates of the form R1SO3M, wherein R1 is a mono-olefin having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These compounds can be produced by the sulfonation of alpha olefins by means of uncomplexed sulfur trioxide, followed by neutralization of the acid reaction mixture in conditions such that any sultones which have been formed in the reaction are hydrolyzed to give the corresponding hydroxyalkanesulfonate. An example of a sulfonated olefin is sodium C14/C16 alpha olefin sulfonate.
Two factors must be taken into account when selecting the surfactant or surfactants to be employed in the leave-on antimicrobial compositions herein: 1) the activity of the surfactant molecule at the cell membrane of the bacteria; and 2) the mildness of the surfactant insofar as it affects the Mildness Index (hereinafter described) for the antibacterial composition.
For surfactant compositions which are mixtures of surfactants rather than pure surfactants (this includes “commercial grade” surfactants which typically comprise mixtures of entities with different chain lengths and potentially have higher levels of impurities), the Microtox Response Index for any individual surfactant component is not a reliable measurement of biological activity or mildness. In the case of mixtures, the Microtox Index of each individual component can be determined and the weighted average used as the Index for the mixture if all the individual components of the mixture are known. If the individual components of a mixture are not known, then the primary bead group and chain lengths of the surfactant mixture are better indicators of biological activity/mildness.
In order for the antimicrobial composition herein to be effective, both the biological activity of the surfactant and the mildness of the surfactant and acid employed in the composition must be taken into account
Paraffin sulfonate, a commercial grade surfactant sold under the name Hastapur SAS ® from Ho{dot over (e)}chst Celanese, with a small head group and average chain length of 15.5 is a relatively active surfactant. Compositions comprising lower levels of active and acid can be used with higher levels of paraffin sulfonate, where the surfactant provides a larger component of residual effectiveness. Alternately, compositions comprising lower levels of paraffin sulfonate can be combined with even higher levels of active to achieve a mild and effective composition.
The leave-on antimicrobial composition of the present invention comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 8%, more preferably from about 1% to about 5%, based on the weight of the leave-on composition, of a proton donating agent. By “proton donating agent” it is meant any acid compound or mixture thereof, which results in undissociated acid on the skin after use. Proton donating agents can be organic acids, including polymeric acids, mineral acids or mixtures thereof.
Preferred organic proton donating agents of the antibacterial composition herein have a buffer capacity of greater than about 0.005%, more preferably greater than about 0.01%, even more preferably greater than about 0.02%, and most preferably greater than about 0.04%.
Proton donating agents which are mineral acids will not remain undissociated in the neat composition . Despite this, it has been found that mineral acids can be effective proton donating agents for use herein. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the strong mineral acid, acidify the carboxylic and phosphatidyl groups in proteins of the skin cells, thereby providing in-situ undissociated acid. These proton donating agents can only be added directly to the composition in the acid form.
A non-exclusive list of examples of organic acids which can be used as the proton donating agent are adipic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, glutaric acid, benzoic acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, gluconic acid, polymeric acids, their salts, and mixtures thereof. A non-exclusive list of examples of mineral acid for use herein are hydrochloric, phosphoric, sulfuiric and mixtures thereof.
Polymeric acids are especially preferred acids for use herein from the standpoint that they cause less stinging to the skin than other acids. As used herein, the term “polymeric acid” refers to an acid with repeating units of carboxylic acid groups joined together into one chain. Suitable polymeric acids can include homopolymers, copolymers and terpolymers, but must contain at least 30 mole % carboxylic acid groups. Specific examples of suitable polymeric acids useful herein include poly(acrylic) acid and its copolymers, both ionic and nonionic, (e.g., maleic-acrylic, sulfonic-acrylic, and styrene-acrylic copolymers), those cross-linked poly(acrylic) acids having a molecular weight of less than about 250,000, preferably less than about 100,000 poly (α-hydroxy) acids, poly (methacrylic) acid, and naturally occurring polymeric acids such as carageenic acid, carboxy methyl cellulose, and alginic acid. Straight-chain poly(acrylic) acids are especially preferred for use herein.
Leave-on antimicrobial compositions of the present invention, preferably have an apparent or neat viscosity of from about 500 cps to about 60,000 cps at 26.7° C., preferably 5,000 to 30,000 cps. The term “viscosity” as used herein means the viscosity as measured by a Brookfield RVTDCP with a spindle CP-41 at 1 RPM for 3 minutes, unless otherwise specified. The “nea” viscosity is the viscosity of the undiluted liquid cleanser.
Another group of mildness enhancers are lipid skin moisturizing agents which provide a moisturizing benefit to the user of the leave-on composition when the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent is deposited to the user's skin. When used in the antimicrobial leave-on compositions herein, lipophilic skin moisturizing agents are used, they are employed at a level of about 0.1% to about 30%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 10%, most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
In some cases, the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent can desirably be defined in terms of its solubility paramneter, as defined by Vaughan in Cosmetics and Toiletries Vol. 103, p. 47-69, October 1988. A lipophilic skin moisturizing agent having a Vaughan solubility Parameter (VSP) from 5 to 10, preferably from 5.5 to 9 is suitable for use in the leave-on antimicrobial compositions herein.
A wide variety of lipid type materials and mixtures of materials are suitable for use in the leave-on antimicrobial compositions of the present invention. Preferably, the lipophilic skin conditioning agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon oils and waxes, silicones, fatty acid derivatives, cholesterol, cholesterol derivatives, di and tri-glycerides, vegetable oils, vegetable oil derivatives, liquid nondigestible oils such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,600,186 to Mattson; Issued Aug. 17, 1971 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,005,195 and 4,005,196 to Jandacek et al; both issued Jan. 25, 1977, all of which are herein incorporated by reference, or blends of liquid digestible or nondigestible oils with solid polyol polyesters such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,797,300 to Jandacek; issued Jan. 10, 1989; U.S Pat. Nos. 5,306,514, 5,306,516 and 5,306,515 to Letton; all issued Apr. 26, 1994, all of which are herein incorporated by reference, and acetoglyceride esters, alkyl esters, alkenyl esters, lanolin and its derivatives, milk tri-glycerides, wax esters, beeswax derivatives, sterols, phospholipids and mixtures thereof. Fatty acids, fatty acid soaps and water soluble polyols are specifically excluded from our definition of a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent.
Hydrocarbon oils and waxes: Some examples are petrolatum, mineral oil micro-crystalline waxes, polyalkenes (e.g. hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated polybutene and polydecene), paraffms, cerasin, ozokerite, polyethylene and perhydrosqualene. Blends of petrolatum and hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated high molecular weight polybutenes wherein the ratio of petrolatum to polybutene ranges from about 90:10 to about 40:60 are also suitable for use as the lipid skin moisturizing agent in the compositions herein.
Di and tri-plycerides: Some examples are castor oil, soy bean oil, derivatized soybean oils such as maleated soy bean oil, safflower oil, cotton seed oil, corn oil, walnut oil, peanut oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil and sesame oil, vegetable oils and vegetable oil derivatives; coconut oil and derivatized coconut oil, cottonseed oil and derivatized cottonseed oil, jojoba oil, cocoa butter, and the like.
Acetoglvceride esters are used and an example is acetylated monoglycerides.
It is most preferred when at least 75% of the lipophilic skin conditioning agent is comprised of lipids selected from the group consisting: petrolatum, blends of petrolatum and high molecular weight polybutene, mineral oil, liquid nondigestible oils (e.g. liquid cottonseed sucrose octaesters) or blends of liquid digestible or nondigestible oils with solid polyol polyesters (e.g. sucrose octaesters prepared from C22 fatty acids) wherein the ratio of liquid digestible or nondigestible oil to solid polyol polyester ranges from about 96:4 to about 80:20, hydrogenated or nonhydrogenated polybutene, micro-crystalline wax, polyalkene, paraffin, cerasin, ozokerite, polyethylene, perhydrosqualene, dimethicones, alkyl siloxane, polymethylsiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane, and mixtures thereof. When as blend of petrolatum and other lipids is used, the ratio of petrolatum to the other selected lipids (hydrogenated or unhydrogenated polybutene or polydecene or mineral oil) is preferably from about 10:1 to about 1:2, more preferably from about 5:1 to about 1:1.
The stabilizer is used to form a crystalline stabilizing network in the leave-on composition that prevents the lipophilic skin moisturizer agent droplets from coalescing and phase splitting in the product. The network exhibits time dependent recovery of viscosity after shearing (e.g., thixotropy).
The stabilizers used herein are not surfactants. The stabilizers provide improved shelf and stress stability. Some preferred hydroxyl-containing stabilizers include 12-hydroxystearic acid, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, tri-9, 10-dihydroxystearin and tri-12-hydroxystearin (hydrogenated castor oil is mostly tri-12-hydroxystearin). Tri-12-hydroxystearin is most preferred for use in the compositions herein. When these crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizers are utilized in the leave-on compositions herein, they are typically present at from about 0.1% to 10%, preferably from 0.1% to 8%, more preferably from 0.1% to about 5% of the leave-on antimicrobial compositions. The stabilizer is insoluble in water under ambient to near ambient conditions.
Alternatively, the stabilizer employed in the leave-on compositions herein can comprise C10-C22 ethylene glycol fatty acid esters. C10-C22 ethylene glycol fatty acid esters can also desirably be employed in combination with the polymeric thickeners hereinbefore described. The ester is preferably a diester, more preferably a C14-C18 diester, most preferably ethylene glycol distearate. When C10-C22 ethylene glycol fatty acid esters are utilized as the stabilizer in the leave-on compositions herein, they are typically present at from about 3% to about 10%, preferably from about 5% to about 8%, more preferably from about 6% to about 8% of the leave-on compositions.
Another class of stabilizer which can be employed in the leave-on antimicrobial compositions of the present invention comprises dispersed amorphous silica selected from the group consisting of fiumed silica and precipitated silica and mixtures thereof. As used herein the term “dispersed amorphous silica” refers to small, finely divided non-crystalline silica having a mean agglomerate particle size of less than about 100 microns.
Fumed silica, which is also known as arced silica, is produced by the vapor phase hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride in a hydrogen oxygen flame. It is believed that the combustion process creates silicone dioxide molecules which condense to form particles. The particles collide, attach and sinter together. The result of this process is a three dimensional branched chain aggregate. Once the aggregate cools below the fusion point of silica, which is about 1710° C., further collisions result in mechanical entanglement of the chains to form agglomerates. Precipitated silicas and silica gels are generally made in aqueous solution. See, Cabot Technical Data Pamphlet TD-100 entitled “CAB-O-SIL® Untreated Fumed Silica Properties and Functions”, October 1993, and Cabot Technical Dat Pamphlet TD104 entitled “CAB-O-SIL® Fumed Silica in Cosmetic and Personal Care Products”, March 1992, both of which are herein incorporated by reference.
The compositions of the present invention can comprise a wide range of optional ingredients. The CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Sixth Edition, 1995, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes a wide variety of nonlimiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in the skin care industry, which are suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. Nonlimiting examples of functional classes of ingredients are described at page 537 of this reference. Examples of these functional classes include: abrasives, anti-acne agents, anticaking agents, antioxidants, binders, biological additives, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, emulsifiers, external analgesics, film formers, fragrance components, humectants, opacifing agents, plasticizers, preservatives, propellants, reducing agents, skin bleaching agents, skin-conditioning agents (emollient, humectants, miscellaneous, and occlusive), skin protectants, solvents, foam boosters, hydrotropes, solubilizing agents, suspending agents (nonsurfactant), sunscreen agents, ultraviolet light absorbers, and viscosity increasing agents (aqueous and nonaqueous). Examples of other functional classes of materials useful herein that are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art include solubilizing agents, sequestrants, and keratolytics, and the like.
The leave-on antimicrobial compositions of the present invention comprise a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 0.5 (68% reduction), preferably greater than about 1.0 (90.0% reduction), more preferably greater than about 2.0 (99% reduction), and most preferably greater than about 2.3 (99.5% reduction). The Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index is measured by the In-Vivo Residual Effectiveness on Staphylococcus areus Test described herein. The index represents a difference in base ten logarithm values of bacterial concentrations between a test sample and a placebo control. For example, an index of 1.0 represents a reduction in log values of 1.0 (Δlog=1.0) which in turn represents a 90.0% reduction of bacteria counts.
The leave-on antimicrobial compositions of the present invention are useful for controlling the spread of Gram positive bacteria over time. Typically, a suitable or effective amount of the composition is applied to the area to be treated. Alternatively, a suitable amount of the cleansing composition can be applied via intermediate application to a washcloth, sponge, pad, cotton ball, puff or other application device. Generally, an effective amount of product to be used will depend upon the needs and usage habits of the individual. Typical amounts of the present compositions useful for cleansing range from about 0.1 mg/cm2 to about 10 mg/cm2, preferably from about 0.6 mg/cm2 to about 5 mg/cm2 skin area to be cleansed.
The concentration of test substance, in ppm, that decreases the bioluminescence of the Microtox Acute Toxicity Reagent by 50% from the starting value (EC50 Value) can be calculated using the Run Statistics on Data File option of the Microtox Software (recommended) or by conducting a linear regression of the data (% reduction vs. log of concentration). % Reductions are calculated using the following formulas: Final   Reading   of    Reagent   Blank Initial   Reading   of   Reagent   Blank =  Correction    Factor Final   Reading   of    Reagent   with Diluted   Test   Substance Initial   Reading   of    Reagent   with Diluted   Test   Substance = Reduction   Factor x where x means at a corresponding concentration %   Reduction = Correction   Factor x -  Reduction   Factor Correction   Factor The Microtox Index is the EC50 value in ppm.
1. In vivo effect of antimicrobial soap bars containing 1.5% and 0.8% trichlorocarbanilide against two strains of pathogenic bacteria J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 35,351-355, 1981.
3. Application Procedure for Leave-on Test Product
c) Test monitor applies 0.5 ml of test product over the treatment site rubbing in for 10 seconds.
c) The plates are inverted and incubated for 24 hours at 35° C.
Gram Positive Residual Efficacy Index=log10 (CFU's/ml of placebo site)−log10 (CFU's/ml of test product site)
Reference: Ertel, K. D., et al.; “A Forearm Controlled Application Technique for Estimating the Relative Mildness of Personal Cleansing Products”; J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 46(1995) 67-76.
Liguid Product
The skin on each treatment area is evaluated by an expert grader at baseline and three hours after the final study wash. The treatment areas are evaluated under 2.75× magnification (model KFM-1A Luxo Illuminated Magnifying Lamp, Marshall Industries, Dayton, Ohio) with controlled lighting (General Electric Cool White, 22-watt, 841 Circuline fluorescent bulb).
1.0 Patches of slight powderiness and occasional patches of small scales may be seen.
3.0 Generalized moderate powderiness and/or heavy cracking and lifting scales.
The Carrimed CSL 100 Controlled Stress Rheometer is used to determine Shear Index, n, and Consistency, k, of the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent used herein. The determination is performed at 35° C. with the 4 cm 2° cone measuring system typically set with a 51 micron gap and is performed via the programmed application of a shear stress (typically from about 0.06 dynes/sq. cm to about 5,000 dynes/sq. cm) over time. If this stress results in a deformation of the sample, i.e. strain of the measuring geometry of at least 10−4 rad/sec, then this rate of strain is reported as a shear rate. These data are used to create a viscosity μ Vs. shear rate γ flow curve for the material. This flow curve can then be modeled in order to provide a mathematical expression that describes the material's behavior within specific limits of shear stress and shear rate. These results were fitted with the following well accepted power law model (see for instance: Chemical Engineerin by Coulson and Richardson, Pergamon, 1982 or Transport Phenomena by Bird, Stewart and Lightfoot, Wiley, 1960):
Viscosity, μ=k(γ′)n−1 Viscosity of the Leave-On Antimicrobial Composition
The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Model DV-II+ Viscometer is used to determine the viscosity of the leave-on antimicrobial compositions herein. The determination is performed at 25° C. with the 2.4 cm° cone (Spindle CP41) measuring system with a gap of 0.013 mm between the two small pins on the respective cone and plate. The measurement is performed by injecting 0.5 ml of the sample to be analyzed between the cone and plate and rotating the cone at a set speed of 1 rpm. The resistance to the rotation of the cone produces a torque that is proportional to the shear stress of the liquid sample. The amount of torque is read and computed by the viscometer into absolute centipoise units (mPa's) based on geometric constants of the cone, the rate of rotation, and the stress related torque.
If The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the scope of the present invention. In the following examples, all ingredients are listed at an active level. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
polyacrylic acid/sodium polyacrylate*
C14—C16 Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate
*Acumer 1020 sold by Rohm & Haas. The leave-on antimicrobial compositions shown all have a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 0.5; and a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3.
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format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BEERSE, PETER WILLIAM;MORGAN, JEFFREY MICHAEL;BAIER, KATHLEEN GRIESHOP;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012463/0661;SIGNING DATES FROM 19980616 TO 19980701Feb 23, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 30, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Sep 27, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services