Source: https://thetradesecretsblog.wordpress.com/trade-secrets-law/economic-espionage-act-of-1996/
Timestamp: 2017-08-22 14:55:48
Document Index: 11813865

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1831', '§ 1832', '§ 1833', '§ 1834', '§ 1835', '§ 1836', '§ 1837', '§ 1838', '§ 1839']

Economic Espionage Act of 1996 « The Trade Secrets Blog
The Economic Espionage Act was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1996. The Act makes the theft of trade secrets a federal crime. It also makes the receipt or possession of trade secrets a federal crime if you know that the information has been stolen. The Act provides for criminal penalties, including up to 10 years in jail and fines of up to $500,000 for individuals, and up to $5 million for corporations or organizations.
The Economic Espionage Act of 1996 can be found at 18 U.S.C. 90 §§ 1831-1839.
(a) In General.– Whoever, intending or knowing that the offense will benefit any foreign government, foreign instrumentality, or foreign agent, knowingly–
(1) steals, or without authorization appropriates, takes, carries away, or conceals, or by fraud, artifice, or deception obtains a trade secret:
(2) without authorization copies, duplicates, sketches, draws, photographs, downloads, uploads, alters, destroys, photocopies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends, mails, communicates, or conveys a trade secret:
(3) receives, buys, or possesses a trade secret, knowing the same to have been stolen or appropriated, obtained, or converted without authorization:
(5) conspires with one or more other persons to commit any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (4), and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of conspiracy.
§ 1832. Theft of trade secrets(a) Whoever, with intent to convert a trade secret, that is related to or included in a product that is produced for or placed in interstate or foreign commerce, to the economic benefit of anyone other than the owner thereof, and intending or knowing that the offense will , injure any owner of that trade secret, knowingly–
§ 1833. Exceptions to prohibitionsThis chapter does not prohibit–
§ 1834. Criminal forfeiture(a) The court, in imposing sentence on a person for a violation of this chapter, shall order, in addition to any other sentence imposed, that the person forfeit to the United States–
(2) any of the person’s property used, or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit or facilitate the commission of such violation, if the court in its discretion so determines, taking into consideration the nature, scope, and proportionality of the use of the property in the offense.
(b) Property subject to forfeiture under this section, any seizure and disposition thereof, and any administrative or judicial proceeding in relation thereto, shall be governed by section 413 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 853), except for subsections (d) and (j) of such section, which shall not apply to forfeitures under this section.
§ 1835. Orders to preserve confidentialityIn any prosecution or other proceeding under this chapter, the court shall enter such orders and take such other action as may be necessary and appropriate to preserve the confidentiality of trade secrets, consistent with the requirements of the Federal Rules of Criminal and Civil Procedure, the Federal Rules of Evidence, and all other applicable laws. An interlocutory appeal by the United States shall lie from a decision or order of a district court authorizing or directing the disclosure of any trade secret.
§ 1836. Civil proceedings to enjoin violations(a) The Attorney General may, in a civil action, obtain appropriate injunctive relief against any violation of this section.
(b) The district courts of the United States shall have exclusive original jurisdiction of civil actions under this subsection.
§ 1837. Applicability to conduct outside the United StatesThis chapter also applies to conduct occurring outside the United States if–
§ 1838. Construction with other lawsThis chapter shall not be construed to preempt or displace any other remedies, whether civil or criminal, provided by United States Federal, State, commonwealth, possession, or territory law for the misappropriation of a trade secret, or to affect the otherwise lawful disclosure of information by any Government employee under section 552 of title 5 (commonly known as the Freedom of Information Act).
§ 1839. DefinitionsAs used in this chapter
(1) the term ‘foreign instrumentality’ means any agency, bureau, ministry, component, institution, association, or any legal, commercial, or business organization, corporation, firm, or entity that is substantially owned; controlled, sponsored, commanded, managed, or dominated by a foreign government;
(2) the term ‘foreign agent’ means any officer, employee, proxy, servant, delegate, or representative of a foreign government;
(3) the term ‘trade secret’ means all forms and types of financial, business, scientific, technical, economic, or engineering information, including patterns, plans, compilations, program devices, formulas, designs, prototypes, methods, techniques, processes, procedures, programs, or codes, whether tangible or intangible, and whether or how stored, compiled, or memorialized physically, electronically, graphically, photographically, or in writing if —
(4) the term ‘owner’, with respect to a trade secret, means the person or entity in whom or in which rightful legal or equitable title to , or license in, the trade secret is reposed.
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