Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/1738191/Consumer-Product-Safety-atv2006-5
Timestamp: 2018-07-17 18:21:51
Document Index: 59131776

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 565', 'art 571', 'art 574', 'art 205', 'art 57', 'art 574', 'art 565', 'art 205', 'art 205']

Consumer Product Safety: atv2006 5 | Transmission (Mechanics) | Manual Transmission
CANVASS D
Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles
ANSI / SVIA - 1 - 200X
r 1 1 1 m . r - n -PI m m
American National Standards Institute, 'Inc.
Rev. 9/19/2006
(This Foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI / SVIA - 1 - 200X)
This standard for four wheel all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) is a revision of American National Standard ANSIISVIA 1-200 1 and has been developed by members of the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America (SVIA). Work on the original standard was undertaken by the SVIA in 1985 and completed with the publication of ANSIISVIA 1-1990. The standard was revised and published in 200 1. Building on these prior efforts, this revised voluntary standard addresses design, configuration and performance aspects of ATVs, including, among other items, requirements for mechanical suspension; throttle, clutch and gearshift controls; engine and fuel cutoff devices; lighting; tires; operator foot environment; service and parking brakelparking mechanism performance; and pitch stability. New areas covered by this revision include: defining Type I and Type I1 ATVs; new Y- 10 and T category ATVs; requirements for Type I1 ATV passenger handholds and footrests; new requirements for labels, owner's manuals, hang tags; and a compliance certification label. This revision also modifies certain definitional language and adds several provisions to enhance and clarify the standard. The standard reflects positively on the high degree of government-industry cooperation that contributed significantly to the development of this standard. Consensus for this standard was developed by use of the Canvass Method. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be addressed to the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America, 2 Jenner Street, Suite 150, Irvine, California 926 18-3806.
Scope ......................................................................................................5 Referenced Standards .................................................................................... 5 Definitions .................................................................................................. 6 Vehicle (ATV) Equipment and Configuration ....................................................... 9 4.1 Service Brakes 4.2 Parking BrakeIParking Mechanism 4.3 Mechanical Suspension 4.4 Engine Stop Switch 4.5 Manual Clutch Control 4.6 Additional Clutch Control 4.7 Throttle Control 4.8 Drive Train Controls 4.9 Neutral Indicator 4.10 Reverse Indicator 4.1 1 Electric Start Interlock 4.12 Passenger Handholds 4.13 Flag Pole racket 4.14 Manual Fuel Shutoff Control 4.15 Handlebars 4.16 Foot Environment 4.17 Lighting Equipment 4.18 Spark Arrester 4.19 Tire Marking 4.20 Tire Pressure Gauge 4.21 Security 4.22 Owner' s ManuaVOperator' s Manual 4.23 ATV Identification Number 4.24 Labels 4.25 Hang Tags
Maximum Speed Capability Measurement ..........................................................19 5.1 Test Conditions 5.2 Test Procedure Category Y and Category T ATV Speed Capability Requirements ...............................20 Maximum Unrestricted Speed Capability 6.1 6.2 Maximum Limited Speeds 6.3 Speed Lirnitlng Devices Delivery of ATV from Manufacturer 6.4
CANVASS IIRAFT 9
7. 8. Parking Brakehlechanism Performance 8.1 Test Conditions 8.2 Test Procedure 8.3 Performance Requirements
Service Brake Performance ............................................................................ 20 7.1 Test Conditions ~ e sProcedure t 7.2 7.3 Performance Requirements
Pitch Stability .............................................................................................. 23 9.1 Test Conditions 9.2. Test Procedure 9.3 Performance Requirements Electromagnetic Compatibility ....................... .................................................. 24
Sound Level Limits ...................................................................................... 24 11.1 Newly Manufactured ATVs 11.2 Test Procedure Certification Label ............................... ......................................................... ;. 24 12.1 ATV Certification Label
Figures ............................................................................................................... 25 Figure 1: Operator Foot Environment - Plan View Figure 2: Operator Foot Environment - Front View Figure 3: Operator and Passenger Foot Environment - Plan View Figure 4: Operator and Passenger Foot Environment - Front View Figure 5: Type I General Warning Label Figure 6: Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label - Category Y-6 Figure 7: Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label - Category Y-10 Figure 8: Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label - Category Y- 12 Figure 9: Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label - Category T Figure 10: Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label - Category G or S Figure 11: Type I Tire Pressure Warning Label Figure 12: Type I Passenger Warning Label Figure 13: Type I1 General Warning Label Figure 14: Type I1 Age Recommendation Warning Label Figure 15: Type I1 Tire Pressure Warning Label Figure 16: Type I1 Passenger Warning Label
Appendix ............................................................................................................. I 4
American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles
This standard establishes minimum requirements for four wheel all-terrain vehicles, effective for models produced after the date this standard is approved, with the following exceptions: The provisions of the standard regarding Category Y- 10 and Category T ATVs shall become effective four (4) years after the date of approval. ATVs which meet the definitions and other requirements of the standard for Category Y- 10 and Category T may be produced, at the option of a manufacturer, prior to the effective date of those provisions. The definition and other requirements of the standard for Category Y-12 ATVs shall expire four (4) years after the date this standard is approved. 2. Referenced Standards This standard is intended to be used with the following standards, recommended practices and > information reports: American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Standard ANSI 2535.4-2002, American National Stmdard for Product Safety Signs and ~abels.' Code of Federal ~egulations~, 49, Subtitle ByCh. V, Part 565, Vehicle Identification Number Title Requirements: SAE ICS - 1000 SEP04, Recreation Off-Road Vehicle Product Identification Numbering System: Part 571, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) and Part 574, Tire Identification and Record Keeping: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 205, Subpart D Motorcycles, Appendix 1-1, Test Procedure for Street and Off-Road Motorcycles. European Union Electromagnetic Compatibility Standard, Council Directive 721245EEC as amended; and Directive 97124EC Chapter 8, ~lectromagnititic Compatibility. Society of Automotive Engineers standards4, Standard J585 MAROO, Tail Lamps for Use on Motor Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm in Overall Width: Recommended Practice SAE J1623 FEB94, AllTerrain Vehicle Headlamps: Standard J586 MAROO, Stop Lamps for Use on Motor Vehicles Less Than 2032 rnm in Overall Width: Recommended Practice SAE J278 MAY95, Snowmobile Stop Lamp, and Information Report: SAE J 1451 FEB85, A Dictionary of Terms for the Dynamics and Handling of Single Track Vehicles. Tire Size Nomenclature Standards. United States Department of ~ ~ r i c u l t u rForest Service Standard for Spark Arresters for Internal e~, Combustion Engines, 5 100-1C, dated September 1997.
Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209 Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 Available from the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Office of EC Affairs, Rrn. 3036, Washington, DC 20230 Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096 Available from the Tire and Rim Association, 175 Montrose West Ave., Copley, OH or the Japan Automobile Tire Mfrs. Assn., Toranomon Bldg., 1-1-12, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105, Japan Available from U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Equipment Division Center, San Dimas, CA 91773 5
' Available from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17'
all-terrain vehicle (ATV). A motorized off-highway vehicle designed to travel on four low pressure tires, having a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering control. ATVs are subdivided into two types as designated by the manufacturer. Type I - A Type I ATV is intended for use by a single operator and no passenger. Type I1 - A Type I1 ATV is intended for use by an operator or an operator and a passenger. It is equipped with a designated seating position behind the operator designed to be straddled by no more than one passenger. Type I ATVs are further identified by three intended usage categories as follows: (1) Category G (General Use Model) A W . An ATV intended for recreational or utility use by an operator age 16 or older. (2) Category S (Sport Model) ATV. An ATV intended for recreational use by an experienced operator, age 16 or older. (3) Category Y (Youth Model) ATV. An ATV of appropriate size intended for recreational use under adult supervision by an operator under age 16. Youth model ATVs can further be categorized as follows: (a) Category Y-6 ATV. A Category Y-6 ATV is a youth model ATV that is intended for ' use by children age 6 or older. (b) Category Y-10 ATV. A Category Y-10 ATV is a youth model ATV that is intended for use by children age 10 or older. (c) Category Y-12 A W. A Category Y- 12 ATV is a youth model ATV that is intended for use by children age 12 and older. (4) Category T (Transition Model) ATV. A Category T ATV is a transitional model ATV of appropriate size that is intended for recreational use by an operator age 14 or older under adult supervision, or by an operator age 16 or older. Type I1 ATVs are limited to one intended usage category as follows: (1) Category G (General Use Model) ATV. An ATV intended for recreational or utility use by an operator age 16 or older and a passenger. accessory. An object or device that is affixed to the ATV after its manufacture. It is not essential to the ATV's basic operation, but it changes its styling, convenience, utility, or effectiveness. brake lever or handle. A hand-operated control which, when actuated, causes the brakes to be applied.
brake pedal. A foot-operated control which, when actuated, causes the brakes to be applied. brake stopping distance (S). Distance traveled by an ATV from the start of a brake application to the point at which the ATV reaches a complete stop. braking deceleration. The rate of change of vehicle speed from the point of initial brake application to the point where the vehicle stops. cargo area. Rack(s) or other designated area(s) where the manufacturer intends cargo to be loaded and secured on the ATV. clutch lever. The hand control that engages and disengages a manual clutch.
curb weight. The total weight of an ATV, including a full load of fuel, oil, and water, but without any passengers or cargo. electric starter. The electric motor of an ATV that cranks the engine for starting. Also called the engine starter. electric start interlock. A device that prevents the ATV engine from being started by electric cranking under certain conditions. electromagnetic compatibility. The capability of an electric or electronic device to inhibit emissions that cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) or to be protected against radiated electromagnetic interference. engine displacement. The volume swept by a piston moving from bottom dead center to top dead center, multiplied by the number of cylinders. engine stop switch. A device used to stop engine operation. flag pole. A long, thin, semi-rigid, vertical pole with a brightly colored pennant, usually red or orange, on the top end, which attaches at the rear of the ATV. flag pole bracket. A rigid attachment point for mounting a flag pole. footrests. A structural support for the operator's andlor passenger's feet. Footrests include footpegs and footboards. gearshift control. A control for selecting among a number of sets of transmission gears. handlebar. A device used for steering and rider support and as a place to mount hand-operated controls. handlebar crossbar. A rigid member which attaches to and connects the left and right sides of the handlebar. ignition system. The system in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine that ignites the mixture by producing a spark. key-operated security system. A method of rendering an ATV inoperable unless the correct key is used. left hand. This designation refers to the orientation of the ATV relative to the operator when seated in the operator's position facing forward. low pressure tire. A tire designed for off-road use on all-terrain vehicles, and having a recommended tire pressure of no more than 69 kPa (10 psi). manual clutch. A device activated by the operator to disengage the engine fiom the transmission. See clutch lever.
manual fuel shutoff control. A manual device designed to turn the fie1 flow from the fie1 tank on and off. maximum weight capacity. The highest load, including the operator's weight, recommended by the manufacturer to be carried by an ATV in its "as manufactured" condition. This does not include the vehicle weight. Also see vehicle load capacity. may. This word is understood to be permissive. mechanical suspension. A system which permits vertical motion of an ATV wheel relative to the chassis and provides spring and damping forces. neutral. A designated transmission position where there is no continuity or direct mechanical connection between transmission input and output. neutral indicator. A light or other means of indicating when an ATV transmission is in the neutral position. operator. The person who is exercising control over the motion of the vehicle. owner's manual. A publication, supplied by the manufacturer as part of the ATV, which provides information and instruction regarding use, operation, care, and maintenance of the ATV. parking brake. A brake system which, after actuation, holds one or more brakes continuously in an applied position without fixther action. parking mechanism. A drive train system that locks the drive train when the transmission control is placed in a designated park position. passenger handhold. A device grasped by the passenger to provide support and help maintain balance while riding.
PIN. Means Product Identification Number. PTO (power take-off). An external drive mechanism on an ATV that provides rotational power to drive accessory equipment or other devices.
right hand. This designation refers to the orientation of the ATV relative to the operator when seated in the operator's position facing forward. service brake. The primary brake system used for slowing and stopping a vehicle. ATVs may have more than one service brake. shall. This word is understood to be mandatory. should. This word is understood to be advisory.
spark arrester. An exhaust system component which limits the size of carbon particles expelled from a tailpipe: speed limiting device. A device intended to limit the maximum speed of a vehicle. test operator. The person who is exercising control over the ATV under test. The test operator shall be skilled at ATV operation and shall be familiar with the ATV under test and the test being conducted. The test operator, during the performance of a test, shall be seated in a normal upright position appropriate for the test being conducted. test passenger. The person who is seated.behind the test operator. The test passenger, during the performance of a test, shall be seated in a normal upright position appropriate for the test being conducted. throttle control. A control which is located on the handlebar and is used to control engine power. transmission. A.device for transmitting power at more than one set of speed and torque ratios. vehicle load capacity. The highest load, including the operator's weight, recommended by the manufacturer to be carried by an ATV in its "as manufactured" condition. This does not include the vehicle weight. Also see maximum weight capacity. VIN. Means Vehicle Identification Number. wheelbase ( , . IThe longitudinal distance from the center of the front axle to the center of the rear axle. )
wheel travel. The displacement of a reference point on the suspension (such as the wheel axle) from when the suspension is fblly extended (no force applied) to when it is fully compressed. 4. Vehicle (ATV) Equipment and Configuration 4.1 Sewice Brakes. All ATVs shall have either independently-operated front and rear brakes, or fiont and rear brakes that are operated by a single control, or both. These brakes shall meet the requirements of Section 7.3. 4.1.1 Independently-Operated Front Brakes. Independently-operated front brakes shall be operated by a lever located on the right side of the handlebar, and operable without removing the hand from the handlebar. 4.1.2 Independently-Operated Rear Brakes. Independently-operated rear brakes shall be operated by either a pedal which is located near the right footrest and operable by the right foot, or if no clutch lever, by a lever located on the left side of the handlebar and operable without removing the hand from the handlebar, or by both. 4.1.3 Simultaneously-OperatedFront and Rear Brakes. Simultaneously-operated front 'and rear brakes shall be operated by either a pedal which is located near the right footrest and operable by the right foot, or if no clutch lever, by a lever located on the left side of the handlebar and operable
CANVASS DKAFT 9
without removing the hand from the handlebar, or by both. 4.2 Parking BrakeRarking Mechanism. All ATVs shall have a parking brake or parking mechanism capable of holding the ATV stationary under prescribed conditions. The parking brake or parking mechanism shall meet the requirements of Section 8. 4.3 Mechanical Suspension. All ATVs shall have mechanical suspension for all wheels. Each wheel shall have a minimum wheel travel of 50 rnm (2 inches). Springing and damping properties shall be provided by components other than the tire. 4.4 Engine Stop Switch. All ATVs shall have an engine stop switch which is mounted on the left handlebar and is operable by the thumb without removing the hand from the handlebar. 4.4.1 Operation. This switch shall not require the operator to hold it in the off position to stop the engine. 4.4.2 Color of Device. The switch-operatingdevice shall be orange or red. 4.5 Manual Clutch Control. All ATVs equipped with a manual clutch shall have a clutch lever, which is located on the left side of the handlebar and operable without removing the hand from the handlebar. 4.6 Additional Clutch Control. All ATVs that have a power take-off (PTO) or other device requiring fixed engine or vehicle speed, and a clutch control for engagement and disengagement of the PTO or other device, shall have the control located convenient to the operator. Control movement shall be forward or upward, or both, for engagement, and rearward or downward, or both, for disengagement. A durable label clearly identifying the positions for engagement and disengagement for the PTO or other devices shall be provided. 4.7 Throttle Control. All ATVs shall be equipped with a means of controlling engine power through a throttle control. The throttle control shall be located on the right side of the handlebar and shall be operable without removing the hand from the handlebar. 4.7.1 Operation. The throttle control shall be self-closing to an idle position upon release of the operator's hand from the control. 4.7.2 Options for ATVs With PTO or Other Device. All ATVs that have a PTO or other device requiring fixed engine or vehicle speed, and a clutch control for engagement and disengagement of the PTO or other device, may be equipped with an additional throttle control which does not meet the location requirements of 4.7 or the return to-idle requirement of 4.7.1, provided that it meets the requirements of 4.7.2.1. through 4.7.2.4. 4.7.2.1 Operation of Engine Speed Control. An engine speed control for the PTO or other device shall be operable only when the PTO or other device is in operation. 4.7.2.2 Direction of Motion. The direction of motion for such throttle control for the PTO or other device shall be forward or upward, or both, to increase speed, and rearward or downward, or both, to decrease speed or to stop.
4.7.2.3 Automatic Stopping. A means shall be provided to automatically stop the PTO or other device, or to stop the engine, when the operator leaves the normal seated operating position of the ATV while the PTO or other device is operating and the traismission is in gear. 4.7.2.4 Stationary Operation. A means may be provided to allow use of the PTO or other device while the ATV is stationary and the operator is not in the normal seated operating position. Such means shall automatically return to the operational mode of 4.7.2.3 when the transmission is placed in gear. 4.8 Drive Train'Controls 4.8.1 Manual Transmission Gearshift Control. All ATVs equipped with a manual transmission gearshift control lhall have the control located so as to be operable by the operator's left foot or left hand: 4.8.1.1 Operation of a Foot Gearshift Control. If equipped with a foot gearshift control, an upward motion of the operator's toe shall shift the transmission towards higher (lower numerical gear ratio) gears, and a'downward motion towards lower gears. If equipped with a heel-toe (rocker) shifter, an u~jward motion of the toe or a downward motion of the heel shall shift the transmission towards higher gears and a downward motion of the toe towards lower gears. 4.8.1.2 Operation of a Hand Gearshift Control. If equipped with a hand gearshift control, moving a control upward or depressing the upper portion of the control shall shift the transmission towards higher (lower numerical gear ratio) gears, and moving the control downward or depressing the lower portion of the control shall shift the transmission towards lower gears. 4.8.1.3 Gear Selection. If three or more gears are provided, it shall not be possible to shift from the highest gear directly to the lowest gear, or vice versa. 4.8.2 Other Controls. Controls for selecting forward, neutral, reverse, or park or for selecting overall transmission ranges, or for selecting the differential drive (2-wheel or 4-wheel), or other drive train controls, may be located and operated differently, and shall have a defined pattern marked for the operator. 4.9 Neutral Indicator. All ATVs with a neutral position, except those equipped with a manual clutch, shall have either a neutral indicator readily visible to the operator when seated.on the ATV or a means to prevent starting of the ATV unless the transmission is in the neutral or park position. The indicator, if provided, shall be activated whenever the ignition system is on and the transmission is in neutral.' 4.10 Reverse Indicator. All ATVs with a reverse position shall have a reverse indicator readily visible to the operator when the operator is seated on the ATV. The indicator shall be activated whenever the engine is running and the transmission is in reverse. 4.11 Electric start Interlock. An interlock shall be provided to prevent the ATV engine from being started by electric cranking unless the clutch is disengaged, the transmission is in neutral or park, or the brake is applied. 4.12 Passenger Handholds. All Type I1 ATVs shall have two handholds that are located on each side of
the passenger seating area in a symmetrical manner. These handholds shall be designed in such a way that each is able to withstand, without failure or permanent deformation, a vertical force of 1000 N (224 lbf) applied statically to the center of the surface of the handhold. Handholds shall be designed to allow the passenger to dismount without interference from the handholds.
4.13 Flag Pole Bracket. All ATVs shall have a flag pole bracket at the rear of the ATV that provides a rigid mounting location for a flag pole having a 12.7 rnrn (0.5 inch) diameter mounting shaft. 4.14 Manual Fuel Shutoff Control. If an ATV is equipped with a manual fuel-shutoff control, the device shall be operable as prescribed in 49 CFR, Ch.V Part 57 1 (FMVSS) Subpart B at 57 1.123, Table 1. 4.15 Handlebars. The handlebar and its mounting shall present no rigid materials with an edge radius of less than 3.2,mm (0.125 inch), that may be contacted by a probe in the form of a 165 mm (6.5 inch) diameter.sphere. The probe shall be introduced to the handlebar mounting area. It shall not be possible to touch any part of any edge that has a radius of less than 3.2 mrn (0.125 inch) with any part of the probe. Handlebar crossbar, if provided, shall be padded. 4.16 Foot Environment. All Type I ATVs shall have a foot support structure or other design feature for the operator and shall meet the requirements of section 4.16: 1. All Type I1 ATVs shall have a foot support structure or other design feature for the operator and passenger and shall meet the requirements of section 4.16.2. 4.16.1 Type I ATV Test Procedure. Compliance shall be determined by introduction of a probe, whose end is a rigid flat plane surface 75 mm (3 inches) in diameter, in the prescribed direction to the zones as described in 4.16.1.3 and 4.16.1.4 as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. 4.16.1.1 Inserting Probe Vertically and Downward. The probe shall be introduced end-first in a vertical and downward direction to the zone described in 4.16.1.3 and shown by the shaded portion of Figure 1. The end of the probe in its entirety shall remain within the limits of the zone. It shall not penetrate the zone sufficiently to touch the ground when applied with a force of 445 N (1 00 lbf). 4.16.1.2 Inserting Probe Horizontally and Rearward. The probe shall be introduced end-first in a horizontal and rearward direction to the zone described in 4.16.1.4 and shown by the shaded portion of Figure 2. The end of the probe in its entirety shall remain within the limits of the zone. It shall not penetrate the zone sufficiently to touch the rear tire when applied with a force of 90 N (2 0 lbf). 4.16.1.3 Zone in Figure 1. The zone shown in Figure 1 is defined as bounded by: (1) The vertical projection of the rear edge of the footrest. (2) The vertical plane (line AA), parallel to the ATV's longitudinal plane of symmetry, that passes through the inside edge of the footrest. (3) The vertical projection of the intersection of a horizontal plane passing through the top surface of the footrest, and the rear fender or other structure. (4) The vertical plane passing through point D and tangent to the outer front surface of the rear tire. (a) For footpegs, Point D is defined as the intersection of the lateral projection of the rearmost point of the footpeg and the longitudinal projection of the outermost point of the footpeg.
(b) For footboards, Point D is defined as the intersection of 2 lines. The first is a line perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal plane of symmetry and one-third of the distance from the front edge of the rear tire to the rear edge of the front tire. The second is a line parallel to the ATV's longitudinal plane of symmetry and one-half the distance between the inside edge of the footboard and the outside surface of the rear tire.
4.16.1.4 Zone in Figure 2. The zone shown in Figure 2 is defined as bounded by: (1) The horizontal plane passing through the lowest surface of the footrest on which the operator's foot (boot) rests (plane F). (2) The vertical plane (line AA), parallel to the ATV's longitudinal plane of symmetry, that passes through the inside edge of the footrest. (3) The horizontal plane 100 mm (4 inches) above plane F. (4) The vertical plane (line BB), parallel to the ATV's longitudinal plane of symmetry and 50 mm (2 inches) inboard of the outer surface of the rear tire. 4.16.1.5 Requirements for ATVs with Non-Fixed Structure. In the case of ATVs equipped with a non-fixed type (for example, foldable, removable or retractable) structure intended to meet the requirements of this section, such ATVs shall be equipped with one or more of the following: (1) WarningDevice. A warning device (for example, a buzzer or indicator) to indicate that the structure is not in the position needed to comply with these requirements. (2) Device Preventing Operation o f A W . A device to prevent the ATV from being operated under its own power if the structure is not in the position needed to comply with these requirements. (3) Structure That Prevents Normal Use of Footrest when Structure is Folded, Retracted, or Removed. A structure that can be folded, retracted, or removed, such that when the structure is folded, retracted, or removed, the ATV cannot be operated using the footrest in the normal manner. 4.16.2 Type I1 ATV Test Procedure. Compliance shall be determined by introduction of a probe, whose end is a rigid flat plane surface 75 mm (3 inch) in diameter, in the prescribed direction to the zones as described in 4.16.2.3 and 4.16.2.4 as shown in Figures 3 and 4. 4.16.2.1 Inserting Probe Vertically and Downward. The probe shall be introduced end-first in a vertical and downward direction to the zone described in 4.16.2.3 and shown by the shaded portion of Figure 3. The end of the probe in its entirety shall remain within the limits of the zone. It shall not penetrate the zone sufficiently to touch the ground when applied with a force 445 N (100 lbf). 4.16.2.2 Inserting Probe Horizontally and Rearward. The probe shall be introduced end-first in a horizontal and rearward direction to the zone described in 4.16.2.4 and shown by the shaded portion of Figure 4. The end of the probe in its entirety shall remain within the limits of the zone. It, shall not penetrate the zone sufficiently to touch the rear tire when applied with a force of 90 N (20 lbf). 4.16.2.3 Zone in Figure 3. The zone shown in Figure 3 is defined as bounded by: (1) The vertical projection of the rear edge of the footrest. (2) The vertical plane (line AA), parallel to the Type I1 ATV's longitudinal plane of symmetry, that passes through the inside edge of the footrest. (3) The vertical projection of the intersection of a horizontal plane passing through the
top surface of the footrest, and the rear fender or other structure. (4) The vertical plane passing through point D and tangent to the outer front surface of the rear tire. (a) For footboards, Point D is defined as the intersection of 2 lines. The first is a line perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal plane of symmetry and one-third of the distance from the front edge of the rear tire to the rear edge of the front tire. The second is a line parallel to the Type I1 ATV longitudinal plane of symmetry and one-half the distance between the inside edge of the footboard and the outside surface of the rear tire.
4.16.2.4 Zone in Figure 4. The zone shown in Figure 4 is defined as bounded by: (1) The horizontal plane passing through the lowest surface of the footrest on which the passengers foot (boot) rests (plane G). (2) The vertical plane (line AA), parallel to the Type I1 ATV's longitudinal plane of symmetry, that passes through the inside edge of the footrest. (3) The horizontal plane 100 mm (4 inches) above plane G. (4) The vertical plane (line BB) parallel to the Type I1 ATV's longitudinal plane of symmetry and 50 mm (2 inches) inboard of the outer surface of the rear tire. 4.17 Lighting Equipment 4.17.1 Headlamps, Tail Lamps and Stop Lamps. All ATVs, except Category Y, shall have and Category Y may have at least one headlamp projecting a white light to the front of the ATV, and at least one tail lamp projecting a red light to the rear. All ATVs may be optionally equipped with a stop lamp or combination tail-stop lamp, and such lamp(s) shall be illuminated by the actuation of any service brake control. 4.17.1.1 Specifications. Headlamps except Category Y, shall conform to Recommended Practice, SAE 51623 FEB94; and tail lamps shall conform to Standard, SAE 5585 MAROO. Category Y models if equipped with a headlamp shall meet the minimum illumination requirements listed in SAE J 1623 FEB94, Table 2. If the ATV is equipped with a stop lamp, such lamp(s) shall conform to Standard, SAE 5586 MAROO or Recommended Practice, SAE 5278 MAY95. 4.18 Spark Arrester. All ATVs shall have a spark arrester of a type that is qualified according to the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Standard for Spark Arresters for Internal Combustion Engines, 5 100-1c, Sept. 1997.. 4.19 Tire Marking. All ATV tires shall carry the following markings: (1) Inflation Pressure. Both tire sidewalls shall be marked with the operating pressure or the following statement, or an equivalent message: "SEE VEHICLE LABEL OR OWNER'S MANUAL FOR OPERATING PRESSURE." The messages required by this section shall be in capital letters not less than 4 mm (0.156 inch) in height. ( 2 ) Bead Seating Pressure. Both tire sidewalls shall be marked with the following statement, or an equivalent message: "Do Not Inflate Beyond **psi (*%Pa) When Seating Bead." (3) Other Markings. Both tire sidewalls shall have the following information, except where noted: (a) The manufacturer's name or brand name. (b) On one tire sidewall, the four digit week and year of manufacture in accordance with Title 49 CFR, Chapter V, Part 574.5(d), fourth grouping.
(c) The size nomenclature of the tire (for example, AT 22x10-9*) as standardized by the Tire and Rim Association, Inc. or the Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Association, Inc. (d) The word "tubeless" for a tubeless tire. (e) The phrase or abbreviation "Not For Highway Use," "Not For Highway Service," or "S." (4) Letter Sizes. The information required by 4.19(2) and (3) shall be in letters or numerals no less than 2 mm (.078 inch) in height.
4.20 Tire Pressure Gauge. All ATVs shall be provided with a tire pressure gauge appropriate for the recommended operating tire pressure. All ATVs shall have a means of carrying the tire pressure gauge. 4.21 Security. All ATVs shall have a means to deter unauthorized personsfiom using the ATV. A key-operated or equivalent system (with a minimum of 300 exclusive combinations) shall be provided for all ATVs except Category Y ATVs, which may use a security system without multiple exclusive combinations. 4.22 Owner's ManuaYOperator9s Manual. All ATVs shall be provided with a manual at the point of sale. All ATVs shall be equipped with a m e k s of carrying the manual that protects it from destructive elements while allowing reasonable access. The manual shall meet.the following minimum requirements: 4.22.1 General Requirements. (1) Every owner's manual shall be written and designed in a manner reasonably intended to convey information regarding safe operation and maintenance of the vehicle. (2) Manuals shall be consistent with other safety messages contained in warning labels, advertising and promotional materials, and point-of-purchase safety materials. 4.22.2 Information Requirements. The manual shall contain the following: (1) A statement on the outside front cover stating the age recommendation for the particular ATV model in question. (2) Definitions for "Warning" and "Caution" which are consistent with the definitions for those terms contained in the current American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 2535.4 standard, along with an introductory statement alerting the reader to the significance of the safety alert symbol and the signal words. (3) An introductory safety message emphasizing the importance of reading and understanding the manual prior to operation, the importance of and availability of a training course, and the importance of the age recommendation for the particular model. (4) For Y-category and T category ATVs, an introductory notice to parents emphasizing that an ATV is not a "toy," the importance of adult supervision for operators under age 16, the importance of children completing a training course, and the importance of children understanding and following the instructions and warnings contained in the manual. (5) An introductory safety section. (6) An appropriate table of contents identifying the major sections of the manual. (7) Descriptions of the location of warning labels on the ATV and an introductory statement emphasizing the importance of understanding and following the labels, and the importance of keeping the labels on the ATV. The introductory statement shall also contain instructions on how to obtain a replacement label in the event any label becomes difficult to read or comes off.
CANVASS DRA.FT 9
(8) A pre-operating inspection procedure and a statement emphasizing the importance of this procedure. (9) A description of proper operating procedures and of potential hazards associated with improper operation of the vehicle. The section of the manual devoted to describing proper operating procedures shall address all of the topics included in the warning statements. (10) Descriptions of proper maintenance, storage and transportation procedures. (1 1) On the outside back cover, the contents of the general warning label. 4.23 ATV Identification Number. All ATVs shall have an appropriate identification number using either a PIN that is assigned by the manufacturer as prescribed in SAE ICS - 1000 SEP04, Recreation Off-Road Vehicle Product Identification Numbering System or a VIN as prescribed in Title 49 CFR, Ch. V Part 565. 4.24 Labels.
4.24.1 All' ATVs shall be equipped with appropriate labels described as follows:
4.24.2 Format. Labels must comply with the requirements of American National Standards ~nstitute (ANSI) Standard ANSI 535.4-2002, Product Safety Signs and Labels. 4.24.3 Durability. These labels shall meet the expected life requirements of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard ANSI 535.4-2002, Product Safety Signs and Labels. 4.24.4 Contents of Labels - Type I ATVs 4.24.4.1 General Warning Label. Manufacturers will affix to every ATV a general warning label as shown in Figure 5. 4.24.4.1.1 Location. This label shall be affixed to the left front fender so as to be easily read by the operator when seated in the proper operating position. 4.24.4.2 Age Recommendation Warning Labels. Manufacturers shall affix a label describing the applicable age recommendation for the ATV, warning against underage usage, and a requirement for adult supervision of operators under age 16 for Category Y and T, as shown in Figures 6 - 10. 4.24.4.2.1 Location. This label shall be affued to the ATV so as to be easily read by the operator when seated in the proper operating position. 4.24.4.3 Tire Pressure Warning Label. Manufacturers shall affix to every ATV a label warning about maintaining proper air pressure in the ATV's tires and a label warning about overloading. These labels may be combined as shown in Figure 11. Every label warning about improper tire pressure shall contain a statement indicating the recommended tire pressure(s). Tire pressure information may be stated on the label itself or provided by reference to the owner's manual or the tires. Every label warning against overloading shall contain a statement indicating the maximum weight capacity for the ATV model. 4.24.4.3.1 Location. The label (or labels) warning about improper tire pressure and overloading shall be affixed to the left rear fender above the axle, facing outward in such a position
that it (they) can'be read by the operator when mounting the vehicle.
4.24.4.4 Passenger Warning Label. Manufacturers shall affix to every Type I ATV a label warning against riding as a passenger on the ATV as shown in Figure 12. 4.24.4.4.1 Location. This label shall be affixed either to the body of the vehicle. to the rear of the seat, on a flat surface, and toward the center of the vehicle, or to the seat of the vehicle, at the rear of the seat, so as to be easily read by a potential passenger. If neither of these locations is appropriate for a particular vehicle, the label shall be affixed to the leR rear fender or leR side of the body so as to be easily read by a potential passenger. 4.24.5 Contents of Labels - Type I1 ATVs 4.24.5.1 General Warning Label. Manufacturers will affix to every ATV a general warning label as shown in Figure 13. Location. This label shall be affixed to the leR front fender so as 4.24.5.1.1 to be easily read by the operator when seated in the proper operating position. 4.24.5.2 Age Recommendation Warning Label. Manufacturers shall affix a label describing the applicable age recompendation for the ATV and warning against underage usage as shown in Figure 14.
4.24.5.2.1 Location. This label shall be affixed to the ATV so as to be easily read by the operator when seated in the proper position. 4.24.5.3 Tire Pressure Warning Label. Manufacturers shall affx to every ATV a label warning about maintaining proper air pressure in the ATV's tires and overloading as shown in Figure 15. Every label warning about improper tire pressure shall contain a statement indicating the recommended tire pressure(s). Tire pressure information may be stated on the label itself or provided by reference to the owner's manual or the tires. Every label warning against overloading shall contain a statement indicating the maximum weight capacity for the ATV model. 4.24.5.3.1 Location. The label (or labels) warning about improper tire pressure and overloading shall be affixed to the leR rear fender above the axle, facing outward in such a position that it (they) can be read by the operator when mounting the vehicle. 4.24.5.4 Passenger Warning Label. Manufacturers shall affix to every Type II ATV a label with warnings for a passenger on the ATV as shown in Figure 16. 4.24.5.4.1 Location. This label shall be affixed either to the body of the vehicle to the rear of the seat, on a flat surface, ahd toward the center of the vehicle, or to the seat of the vehicle, at the rear of the seat, so as to be easily read by a potential passenger. 4.25 Hang Tags. Every ATV shall be offered for sale with a hang tag that provides the appropriate age recommendation and information on the category of intended usage. The hang tag must be attached to the ATV and only removed by the first purchaser. Lost or damaged hang tags should be replaced. 4.25.1 Size. Every hang tag shall be at least 4 inches by 6 inches.
CANVASS DRAFT 9
4.25.2 Content. At a minimum, every hang tag shall contain the following: On one side of the
hang tag a reproduction of the general warning label as described in section 4.24.4.1 for Type I ATVs or 4.2515.1 for Type I1 ATVs.
For Type I ATVs, the opposite side of the hang tag must include the
4.25.2.1.1 The category description, the intended use and the appropriate age recommendation for that category. The following must be included: For Category G: GENERAL USE VEHICLE, This ATV is for RECREATIONAL or UTILITY USE. NO OPERATOR UNDER AGE 16 For Category S: SPORT MODEL, This ATV is for RECREATIONAL USE BY EXPERIENCED OPERATORS ONLY, NO OPERATOR UNDER AGE 16 For Category Y: Y-6, Y-10, or Y-12, (whichever is appropriate) YOUTH MODEL, This ATV is for RECREATIONAL USE BY YOUNG OPERATORS UNDER ADULT SUPERVISION, NO OPERATOR UNDER AGE (use appropriate age 6, 10, or 12). For Category T: TRANSITIONAL MODEL, This ATV is for RECREATIONAL USE BY ADULTS or YOUNG OPERATORS UNDER ADULT SUPERVISION, NO OPERATOR UNDER AGE 14. 4.25.2.1.2 4.25.2.1.3
The statement - "OPERATOR ONLY -NO PASSENGERS"
The statement - "Training courses to teach ATV riding are available. For information contact your dealer."
4.25.2.1.4
The statement - "Check with your dealer to find out about state or local laws regarding ATV operation." The statement - "This hang fag is not to be removed before sale."
4.25.2.1.5 4.25.2.2
For Type I1 ATVs, the opposite side of the hang tag must include the
4.25.2.2.1 The intended use and the appropriate age recommendation for the operator. The following must be included: Category G: GENERAL USE VEHICLE, This ATV is for RECREATIONAL or UTILITY USE.
NO OPERATOR UNDER AGE 16.
4.25.2.3 4.25.2.4 4.25.2.5 The statement - "This hang tag is not to be removed before sale." The statement.- "Training courses to teach ATV riding are available. For information contact your dealer." The statement - "Check with your dealerto find out about state or local laws regarding ATV operation."
4.25.3 Attachment. Every hang tag shall be attached to the ATV in such a manner as' to be conspicuous and removable only with deliberate effort.
5. Maximum Speed Capability Measurement 5.1 Test Conditions. Test conditions shall be as follows: . ' (1) ATV test weight shall be the unloaded ATV weight plus the vehicle load capacity . (including test operator and instrumentation), with any added weight secured to the seat or cargo area(s) if so equipped. (2) Tires shall be inflated to the pressures recommended by the ATV manufacturer for the vehicle test weight. (3) The test surface shall be clean, dry, smooth and level concrete, or equivalent. 5.2 Test Procedure. Measure the maximum speed capability of the ATV using a radar gun or equivalent method. The test operator, seated in a normal upright position, shall accelerate the ATV until t. maximum speed is reached, and shall maintain maximum speed for at least 30.5 m (100 f) Speed measurement shall be made when the ATV has reached a stabilized maximum speed. A maximum speed test shall consist of a minimum of two measurement test runs conducted over the same track, one each in opposite directions. If more than two measurement runs are made there shall be an equal number ' of runs in each direction. The maximum speed capability of the ATV shall be the arithmetic average of the measurements made. A reasonable number of preliminary runs may be made prior to conducting a recorded test.
Category Y and Category T ATV Speed Capability Requirements
6.1 Maximum Unrestricted Speed Capability. When tested in accordance with Section 5, with any removable speed limiting devices removed and with any adjustable speed limiting devices adjusted to provide the ATV's maximum speed capability, the maximum speed capability of Category Y-6 ATVs shall be 24 km/h (1 5 mph) or less, the maximum speed capability of Category Y- 10 and Category Y-12 ATVs shall be 48 kmlh (30 mph) or less, and the maximum speed capability of Category T ATVs shall be 61 km/h (38 mph) or less. 6.2 Maximum Limited Speeds. Speed limiting devices for Category Y-6 ATVs shall be capable of limiting maximum speed to 16 kmlh (10 mph) or less when tested in accordance with Section 5. Speed limiting devices for Category Y-10 and Category Y-12 ATVs shall be capable of limiting maximum speed to 24 km/h (15 mph) or less when tested in accordance with Section 5. Speed limiting devices for
Category T ATVs shall be capable of limiting maximum speed to 32 km/h (20 mph) and 48 km/h (30 mph) or less when tested in accordance with Section 5. 6.3 Speed Limiting Devices. All Category Y ATVs shall be equipped with a means of limiting throttle travel or other means of limiting the maximum speed attainable by the ATV. Categoj T ATVs shall be equipped with a means of limiting throttle travel or other means of limiting the maximum speed to 32 km/h (20 mph) and 48 kmh (30 mph) or less when tested in accordance with Section 5.
6.3.1 Tools Must be Necessary to Adjust or Remove Device. The means of limiting maximum speed.may be adjustable or removable or both, but shall have means to prevent adjustment or removal without the use of tools or other specialized devices.
6.4 Delivery of ATV from Manufacturer. All Category Y and Category T ATVs shall be delivered from the manufacturer or its designee with the speed-limiting device adjusted to minimum limit maximum speed as specified in 6.2.
7. Service Brake Performance 7.1 Test Conditions. Test conditions shall be as follows: (1) The ATV shall be tested at the appropriate test weight described below: (a) If the vehicle load capacity specified by the manufacturer is 97.5 kg (2 15 lb) or more, the ATV test weight shall be the unloaded vehicle weight plus 97.5 kg (215 lb) (including test operator and instrumentation), with any added weight secured to the seat or cargo area(s) (if equipped). (b) If the vehicle load capacity specified by the manufacturer is less than 97.5 kg (215 lb), the ATV test weight shall be the unloaded vehicle weight plus the vehicle load capacity (including test operator and instrumentation), with any added weight secured to the seat or cargo area(s) (if equipped). (2) Tires shall be inflated to the pressures recommended by the ATV manufacturer for the vehicle test weight. (3) Engine idle speed and ignition timing shall be set according to the manufacturer's recommendations. (4) Ambient temperature shall be between 0" C (32" F) and 38" C (100" F). (5) The test surface shall be clean, dry, smooth and level concrete, or equivalent. (6) Any removable speed limiting devices shall be removed. Any adjustable speed limiting devices shall be adjusted to provide the ATV's maximum speed capability. 7.2 Test Procedure. The test procedure shall be as follows: (1) Measure the maximum speed capability of the ATV in accordance with section 5. Determine the braking test speed (V). The braking test speed is the speed that is the multiple of 8 km/h (5 rnph), which is 6 km/h (4 mph) to 13 km/h (8 mph) less than the maximum speed capability of the ATV. (2) Burnish the front and rear brakes by making the number of stops recommended by the manufacturer, from the braking test speed or 48 km/h (30 rnph), whichever is lower. Stops shall be made by applying front and rear service brakes simultaneously, and braking decelerations shall be from 1.96 m/s2 to 4.90 m/s2 (0.2 g to 0.5 g). (3) After burnishing, adjust the brakes according to the manufacturer's recommendation. (4) Make six stops from the braking test speed or 48 km/h (30 rnph), whichever is lower. Stops shall be made by applying the front and rear service brakes simultaneously, and braking decelerations
shall be from 1.96 m/s2 to 4.90 m/s2 (0.2 g to 0.5 g). (5) Make four stops from the braking test speed, applying the front and rear service brakes. Measure the speed immediately before the service brakes are applied. Appropriate markers or instrumentation shall be used which will accurately indicate the point of brake application. Measure the stopping distance (S). (a) For all ATVs other than youth model ATVs, hand lever brake actuation force shall be not less than 22 N (5 lbf) and not more than 245 N (55 lbf), and foot pedal brake actuation force shall be not less than 44 N (10 lbf) and not more than 400 N (90 lbf). (b) For youth model ATVs, hand lever brake actuation force shall be not less than 22 N (5 lbf) and not more than 133 N (30 lbf) and foot pedal brake actuation force shall be not less than 44 N (1 0 lbf) and not more than 222 N (50 lbf). (c) For all ATVs other than youth model ATVs, the point of initial application of lever force shall be 30 mrn (1.2 inches) from the end of the brake lever. For youth model ATVs, the point of initial application of lever force shall be 25 rnm (1 inch) from the end of the brake lever. The direction of lever force application shall be perpendicular to the handle grip in the plane in whlch the brake lever rotates. The point of application of pedal force shall be the center of the foot contact pad of the brake pedal, and the direction of force application shall be perpendicular to the foot contact pad and in the plane in which the brake pedal rotates. 7.3 Performance Requirements 7.3.1 ATVs With Lower Maximum Speed Capability. During the four stops of 7.2(5), all ATVs with a maximum speed capability of 29 km/h (18 mph) or less shall be capable of making at least one stop that complies with the relationship:
where S = brake stopping distance (m) V = braking test speed (km/h)
where S =brake stopping distance (ft) V = braking test speed (mph)
7.3.2 ATVs With Higher Maximum Speed Capability. During the four stops of 7.2(5), all ATVs with a maximum speed capability greater than 29 km/h (18 mph) shall be capable of making at least one stop that demonstrates an average braking deceleration of 5.88 mls2 (0.6 g) or greater. Average braking deceleration can be determined according to the following formula: *
a= 25.923 where a = average deceleration (m/s2) S = brake stopping distance (m) V = braking test speed (km/h)
(0.033) x v2 a= S where a = average deceleration (g) S = brake stopping distance (ft) V = braking test speed (mph)
*Direct on-board instrumentation may be used to acquire any measurement data as appropriate.
8. Parking BrakeMechanism Performance 8.1 Test Conditions. Test conditions shall be as follows: (1) ATV test weight shall be the unloaded ATV weight plus weight secured to the seat or cargo area(s) (if equipped), which is equal to the vehicle load capacity. (2) Tires shall be inflated to the pressures recommended by the ATV manufacturer for the vehicle test weight. (3) The test surface shall be clean, dry, smooth concrete or equivalent, having a 30 percent grade. 8.2 Test Procedure. The test procedure shall be as follows: (1) Burnish the service brakes according to the procedure specified in 7.2(2) if service brakes are used as part of the parking brake. (2) Adjust the parking brake or parking mechanism according to the procedure recommended by the ATV manufacturer. (3) Position the ATV facing downhill on the test surface, with the longitudinal axis of the ATV in the direction of the grade and apply the service brake. Place the transmission in neutral or park and apply the parking brake or parking mechanism (if not already activated by placing the transmission in park). If the ATV is equipped with a parking mechanism allow the drive train to lock. Leave the ATV undisturbed for 5 minutes. Repeat the test with the ATV positioned facing uphill on the test surface.
8.3 Performance Requirements. When tested according to the procedure specified in 8.2, the parking brake or parking mechanism shall be capable of holding the ATV stationary on the test surface, to the limit of traction of the tires on the braked wheels, for 5 minutes in both uphill and downhill directions.
9. Pitch Stability 9.1 Test Conditions. Test conditions shall be as follows: (1) The ATV shall be in standard condition, without accessories. The ATV and components shall be assembled and adjusted according to the manufacturer's instructions and specifications. , (2) Tires shall be inflated to the ATV manufacturer's recommended settings for normal operation. If more than one pressure is specified, the lowest value shall be used. (3) All fluids shall be full (oil, coolant, and the like), except that fuel shall be not less than three-fourths full. ATV shall be unladen, with no rider, cargo, or accessories. (4) Steerable wheels shall be held in the straight ahead position. (5) Adjustable suspension components shall be set to the values specified at the point of delivery to the dealer. (6) Suspension components shall be fixed by means of a locking procedure such that they remain in the same position and displacement as when the unladen ATV is on level ground, and in the conditions specified in 9.1(1) through 9.1(5). 9.2 Test Procedure. The test procedure shall be as follows: (1) Measure and record the wheelbase (L) and the track width for the front and rear (Tf and TI). The measurement of these lengths shall be done with an accuracy o f f 5 rnm (+ 0.2 inch) or 0.5%, whichever is greater. (2) Measure and record the front and rear weights, (Wf and W, respectively). Wf is the sum of the front tire loads; and WI is the sum of the rear tire loads, with the ATV level and in the condition specified in 9.1. The measurements of these weights shall be done with an accuracy of 0.5 kg (f 1.1
lb) or f 0.5%, whichever is greater. (3) Using the values obtained in 9.2(1) and 9.2(2), compute and record the quantity as follows:
Where L1 = longitudinal distance from rear axle to cg
(4) Measure and record the vertical height between the rear axle center .and the ground (R,). This measurement shall be done on level ground, with the ATV in the conditions specified in 9.1, with an accuracy of 3 mm (+ 0.1 inch) o r f 1.5%, whichever is greater. (5) Measure and record the balancing angle alpha. The procedure for obtaining this value is as follows: With the ATV on a level surface, the front of the vehicle shall be rotated upward about the rear axle without setting the rear parking brake or using stops of any kind, until the ATV is balanced on the rear tires. The balancing angle alpha through which the ATV is rotated shall be measured and recorded with an accuracy of 0.5 degrees. If an assembly protruding from the rear of the ATV, such as a carry bar or trailer hitch or hook, interferes with the ground surface, so as to not allow a balance to be reached, the vehicle shall be placed on blocks of sufficient height to eliminate the interference. (6) Repeat the measurement in 912(5) and determine if the two individualmeasurements are within 1.0 degree of each other. If they are not, repeat the measurements two more times and compute the average of the four individual measurements, and use that as the value.
~9.3Performance Requirements 9.3.1 Pitch Stability
9.3.1.1 Pitch Stability Computation. Using the values obtained in 9.2(3), 9.2(4), and 9.2(6), compute the pitch stability coefficient as follows:
L, tan alpha
L, + R, tan alpha
Where L =wheelbase L1= longitudinal distance from rear axle to cg Alpha = rear tip angle at balance
Rf= vertical distance from rear axle to ground
9.3.1.2 Pitch Stability Requirement. The pitch stability coefficient Kpcalculated according to 9.3.1 shall be at least 1.O. 10. Electromagnetic Compatibility. To achieve international harmonization, electrical and'electronic systems shall conform to the performance requirements of Directive 721245EEC as amended by Directive 95/54EC, or Directive 97124EC Chapter 8, to be so constructed that they do not cause excessive electromagnetic interference and are not unduly affected by electromagnetic interference. 11. Sound Level Limits 11.1 Newly Manufactured ATVs. All ATVs as defined in Section 3 of the standard shall be
manufactured and equipped so as not to exceed the sound level limits established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the regulation of noise emissions from off-road motorcycles. These sound level limits, promulgated at Title 40 CFR, Part 205, Subpart D, shall apply to ATVs as follows: ATVs with engine displacements of 170 cc and lower: ......80 dB (A) ATVs with engine displacements greater.than 170 cc: ......82 dB (A)
11.2 Test Procedure. ATV sound level compliance testing shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures set forth in Appendix 1-1 to Subpart D of Part 205, Test Procedure for Street and Off-Road Motorcycles. 12. Certification Label. All ATVs shall be equipped with a certification label, placed in a location that allows viewing without removing any part of the ATV. The label shall use the following wording: (~anufacturer's Name) certifies that this ATV complies with the American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles, ANSL/SVIA - 1 - 200X Standard. 12.1 Durability.' These labels shall meet the expected life requirementsof American ~ a t i o n a l Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard ANSI 535.4-2002, Product Safety Signs and Labels.
Operator Foot Environment - Plan View
Figure 1 Operator Foot Environment Plan View
Figure 2 Operator Foot Environment Front View
:Figure:3:
aperator and P'as*ngerf;odt:-Envir@nment Plan View
Figure 4 Operator and Passenger Foot Environment Front View
Figure 5 Type I General Warning Label
&\dult su$e.rw$si\on r e qn l.r& f a r a h i t d r e n under age %§.
Figure 6 Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label Category Y-6
Ag#aj$ s u p - r y s i s i s n reqsrfred f a r sfsitdren under age E6,
&EWER permit chil$ren ~ l a e r ag<e 1 to operate $ C i s AFK 0
Figure 7 Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label Category Y-10
Qpctratior ef fkPs AfV Ly ~UWren under the age of inereasas the ' risk of severe injury or death.
swpervision
for ehEldren
req~ired under age )8,
MSVEa permit children u ~ d e r age 2 operate t h l s ATY.
Figure 8 Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label Category Y-I 2
Figure 9 Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label Category T
Figure 10 Type I Age Recommendation Warning Label Category G or S
Figure 11 Type I Tire Pressure Warning Label
NEVER ride as a passenger;
Passengers can cause a. loss of control, resu,lting in. SEVERE INJURY or DEATH.
Figure 12 Type I Passenger Warning Label
Figure 13 .Type II General Warning Label
Figure 14 Type II Age Recommendation Warning Label
Improper tire pressure or overloading can cause loss of control, resulting in severe injury or death.
ALWAYS maintain proper tire pressure as shown. '
COLDTIREPRESSURE
FRONT 5 psi (0.35 kg/crn2) REAR 5 psi (0.35 kg/crn2)
NEVER exceed the vehicle load capacity of 600 Ibs. (272 kg) including weight of operator, passenger, cargo, accessories and, if applicable, trailer tongue weight. ATV LOADING and TRAILER TOWING Cargo/passenger loading or trailer towing can affect stability and handling When loaded with cargo or a passenger or towing a trailer: - reduce speed - allow more room to stop - avoid hills and rough terrain
Figure 15 Type !I Tire Pressure Warning Label Note: Nurrlbers are for illustration only.
NEVER carry a passenger too small to firmly plant feet on footrests and securely grasp hand holds.
THE PASSENGER MUST ALWAYS: use an approved helmet and protective gear securely grasp hand holds and plant feet firmly on footrests tell operator to slow down or stop if uncomfortable-get off and walk if conditions require
Figure 16 Type II Passenger Warning Label (Sample)
Appendix A (This Appendix is not part of the voluntary standard but is included for information
only .) Rationale
This appendix gives the rationale behind various requirements of this voluntary standard. The section numbers in this appendix correspond to those used in the body of the standard. A3. All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV). The definition of all-terrain vehicle was arrived at after considering the important aspects of the configurations of ATVs that currently exist in the marketplace. ATVs are subdivided into types and categories by the manufacturer, depending on the configurations or intended usage. This revision reflects an effort to improve the matching of the categories to the size, capabilities and expectations of younger riders by promoting their use of Category Y and Category T ATVs rather than larger, adult-sized ATVs. A4. vehicle (ATV) Equipment and configuration
A4.1 Service Brakes. It is important that the location and method of operation of the brake control be standardized. The specified controI locations are consistent with current ATV practice. A4.2 Parking Brakemarking ~ e c h a n i s m .The parking brakelmechanism is intended to prevent rolling movement of an ATV when it is parked.and left unattended. A4.3 Mechanical Suspension. Mechanical suspension is provided'to increase operator comfort and should also assist in reducing operator fatigue. The definition of wheel travel as a function of suspension is drawn fi-om Society of Automotive Engineers Information Report, SAE 5145 1 JANOO. A4.4 Engine Stop Switch. It is important that the location and method.of operation of the engine stop switch be standardized. The specified control location is consistent with current ATV practice. A4.5 Manual Clutch Control; Location of a manual clutch control lever on the left side handlebar is dictated by the fact that this control is used in conjunction with the throttle and must be on the handlebar opposite from the throttle control. The location of this control is consistent with current ATV practicd. A4.6 Additional Clutch Control. ATVs may be equipped with a power take-off or other device which uses drive or propulsion provided by the ATV engine. A standardized method of operation is provided if such device is controlled through a clutch. A4.7 Throttle Control. A common location and certain aspects of operation of the throttle control are important. The selection of the right side location and the requirement that the throttle be selfclosing to idle are consistent with current ATV practice. A4.8 Drivetrain Controls. Standardization of these controls is achieved by a prescribed location and method of operation. A4.9 Neutral Indicator. A neutral indicator may help prevent inadvertent starting in gear of an ATV equipped with a centrihgal clutch. The indicator is not needed on an ATV equipped with a manual
clutch control. It is difficult to start the engine of such an ATV except when the transmission is in neutral, unless the manual clutch is disengaged.
A4.10 Reverse Indicator. A reverse indicator informs and reminds the operator that reverse has been engaged. A4.11 Electric Start Interlock. The interlock is designed to prevent unintended movement of the ATV when the engine is being started by electric cranking. A4.13 Flag Pole Bracket. Flag poles are required by law in certain areas. The device used for this purpose usually is a long, thin pole with a brightly colored flag at the top. The requirement for a flag pole bracket is intended to ensure that a secure location is provided for the installation of the pole. A4.14 Manual Fuel Shutoff. Specified operation of this control is consistent with current motorcycle practice. These requirements do not apply to non-manual fuel shut off methods; for example, electric, vacuum, or other means not requiring direct operator action. A4.15 Handlebars. The intention is to help minimize the risk of injury due to contact with the handlebar mounting area. The purpose of the specific test procedures provided is to determine which parts can be dontacted by the operator's head. The minimum edge radius specified will preclude thk use of sharp edges that might contribute to injury. Handlebar crossbar shall be padded to reduce the potential for facial injury in the event of an accident. A4.16 Foot Environment. The operator and or operator and passenger foot environment configuration is intended to reduce the possibility of inadvertent contact between the rider's feet and the ground immediately in front of the rear tire, or the rear tire itself. Differing zones are defined for ATVs equipped with footpegs (designed to support the operator's or passenger's feet with a relatively narrow bar), and footboards (designed to support the operator's or passenger's feet with a platfom-type structure). , A4.17 Lighting Equipment. ATVs of Category G, T, and S can be expected to be used at night or under low-visibility conditions. In the case of recreational use this might be because the operator elects to ride under those conditions, or because, after participating in some activity, it may not be possible to return to base during daylight. In the case of utility use, operation may not coincide with daylight hours or the unit may be used in an area where artificial lighting is needed. So there are occasions when lighting equipment is required or desirable for the purpose of illumination or identification or both. This provision has been changed to allow headlamps and tail lamps on Category Y models. Headlamps and tail lamps can also be beneficial under certain riding conditions, such as heavy brush, dusty or shaded trails, and similar low-light conditions.
Allowing headlamps is also appropriate to provide lighting on those occasions when a group of riders, including Y models riders, are inadvertently or unexpectedly riding after dark.
A4.18 Spark Arrester. Spark arresters are provided for the purpose of suppressing fire ignition and for compliance with federal requirements. A4.19 Tire Marking. ATV tires operate at pressures substantially below those common for other powered vehicles. Information concerning these low pressures is provided on or with the ATV. The
intent of this section is to emphasize the low-pressure nature of these tires, direct the operator to appropriate sources of specific operating pressure recommendations, and to provide other valuable information. A4.20 Tire Pressure Gauge: Maintenance of the correct tire pressure is important to tfie hand.ling characteristics of the ATV. A special gauge is needed because ATV tires use a much lower tire pressure than other vehicles. A4.21 Security. The intention is to permit the person in control of an ATV to retain control and regulate the use of the vehicle. A security system with 300 exclusive combinations is typically used for on-road motorcycles. A4.22 Owner's ManuaUOperator's Manual. A manual is required because it is necessary that ccrtain information is available to the ownerloperator and it is not possible to provide all this material on labels affixed to the ATV. Informational requirements have been added in this revision. A4.24 Labels. Requires common labeling for all ATVs. A4.25 Hang Tags. Requires a point of sale hang tag to inform consumers of the intended purpose (category), age limitations, the availability of training and to provide a copy of the general warning label to allow potential customers to make an informed purchase decision. A6. Category Y and T ATV Speed Capability Requirements. This section establishes a maximum unrestricted speed capability and a maximum limited speed capability for all Category Y and Category T ATVs. It requires ATVs in these categories to be equipped with an adjustable or removable speed limit device. The intent is to provide a means by which the supervising adult can limit the ATV's maximum speed capability according to the skill and experience of the young rider. By fiuther requiring that Category Y and Category T ATVs be delivered with the speed limiter adjusted to provide the specified slow maximum speeds, it is expected that higher speeds will not be used unless the supervising adult has determined that the young rider has the skill and experience to operate the ATV at higher speeds. This section also includes a requirement that the maximum unrestricted speed capability of Category Y and Category T ATVs be limited. The revision of the maximum speeds for each category were based on human factor 'studies and available information on children's interaction with similar products. This revision also reflects an effort to improve the matching of the categories to the market because data indicates that younger riders are more at risk on larger, adult-sized ATVs. The new categories focus on speeds that are more appropriate for the age categories and are intended to appeal to the younger riders and their families. It was originally decided to include this requirement even though no evidence could be found to indicate that the requirement is needed. A7. Service Brake Performance. This section establishes minimum braking performance requirements that are intended to help ensure that ATVs are equipped with brake systems that are adequate for stopping the vehicle. The requirements in this section are patterned after the requirements in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 122 (FMVSS 122), Motorcycle Brake Systems. The pertinent elements of FMVSS 122 were selected for inclusion in this standard, based on the knowledge and experience of the manufacturers. Certain requirements that appear in FMVSS 122 were not included, because they were determined to be inappropriate, or because it was thought that they would add complexity without providing any benefit. After deciding which elements of FMVSS 122 to include, some of the specific provisions were changed to accommodate (1) physical differences between
ATVs and motorcycles, and (2) differences between the off-road operating environment of ATVs and the on-road operating environment of motorcycles. A8. Parking Brakemarking Mechanism Performance. The performance requirements are intended to help ensure that the ATV parking brakelmechanism is adequate to prevent rolling movement of the ATV when it is parked and left unattended. A l l . Sound Level Test Procedure. ATVs with CVTs, particularly larger displacement models, do not restrict engine speed to the closing RPM when the throttle is fully opened, so more throttle modulation is required to test such ATVs so as to not exceed closing RPM. Following is an expanded version of section (c) (4) of the EPA test procedure that provides additional details of one method of testing these ATVs according to the EPA procedure. (c) (4) If the motorcycle is equipped with an automatic transmission, the procedure specified in paragraph (c)(l) must be followed except that the lowest selectable range must be employed, and the procedure specified in paragraph (c)(3) must be followed using the next higher selectable range, if necessary, and if the vehicle is so equipped. If closing RPM is reached before the vehicle travels 10 m (32.8 ft), the throttle must be opened less rapidly, but in such a manner that full throttle and closing RPM are attained at the end point. If the automatic transmission is designed so that it is not possible to attain 111 throttle and closing RPM at the end point, such as with a continuously variable transmission that does not restrict engine speed to a speed near to closing RPM, then (1) the throttle must be opened less rapidly, but in such a manner that closing RPM and the largest possible throttle opening attainable with smooth and steady throttle opening are attained at the end point after accelerating for 10 m (32.8 ft) and (2) when the front of the vehicle reaches the end point the throttle shall be fully opened and kept open until the rear of the vehicle reaches the end point, at which time the throttle shall be fully closed. A12. Certification Label. This requirement provides consumers and others with a visual means of verifying that an ATV complies with this standard.
Evaluation of Four "New Entrant" ATVs For Compliance to the ANSVSVIA-1-2001 American National Standard For Four Wheel All-Terrain-Vehicles Equipment, Configuration, and Performance Requirements and Action Plans
Prepared by: Marchica & Deppa, LLC 21021 New Hampshire Ave. Brookeville, MD 20833
Marchica & Deppa, L L C (M&D) is an independent engineering consulting company specializing in consumer product safety. M&D was contracted by the Specialty Vehicle Institute of ~ m e r i c a (SVIA) to examine four All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) that are ' representative of recent, "new entrants" to the American ATV market. Currently, the established or "legacy" ATV companies manufacture their vehicles to comply with an industry voluntary standard, the ANSYSVIA- 1-2001 American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles - Equipment, Configuration, and Performance Requirement (the Standard). The legacy ATV companies also provide product safety information, warnings, hands-on training, and other product support, as specified in voluntary ATV Action Plans (Action Plans) that have been approved by and are on file with the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). The purposes of this study were: (I) to examine and test the new entrant ATVs for compliance with the Standard; and (2) to determine the extent to which the new entrant companies are providing similar product safety information, warnings, training and product support. The new entrant ATVs tested were all youth-sized or small-sized ATVs intended for use by children under age 16. The study includes four separate sections that report M&DYs findings on each of the tested new entrant ATVs. The report also provides additional observations about potential hazards and features that are not expressly addressed in the Standard or the Action Plans. MAJOR FINDINGS ALL four new entrant ATVs fail to comply with the Standard, and none meets the requirements that the legacy ATV companies have agreed to and implemented for many years under their Action Plans. In addition, three of the four ATVs contain features that may constitute Substantial Product Hazards as defined in Section 15 of the Consumer Product Safety Act. The nature of the failures is serious; two of the ATVs lacked front brakes, two of them had no or inadequate suspension systems, two of them can be started while in gear, and so on. The Standard, in addition to addressing safety concerns within'the jurisdiction of CPSC (and in many instances drawn from the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards for motorcycles), include spark arrestor requirements from the Forest Service and noise requirements from the Environmental Protection Agency. All four ATVs apparently violate the spark arrestor requirements, and at least one of the ATV appears to violate the noise requirement.
The sponsoring companies of SVIA are: American Honda Motor Co., Inc., American Suzuki Motor Corporation, Arctic Cat Inc., Bombardier Recreational Products, Inc., Deere & Company, Kawasaki Motors Corp., U.S.A., Polaris Industries, Inc., and Yamaha Motor Corporation, U.S.A.
Many new entrant ATVs are available through sales initiated on the Internet; all four of these new entrant ATVs were identified and chosen from Internet websites, and three of them were purchased by phone and delivered directly to the home of one of the M&D partners. These vehicles were delivered without having been properly set up and adjusted, and in some cases these omissions present real hazards. For instance, tires that should be inflated to only 4 or 5 psi were delivered at 30 psi, and there was no pressure gauge provided. The one ATV that was purchased from a store, which is designed for a single operator, was delivered with almost no safety information except an instruction that a passenger should loop the parental training shutoff lanyard around the wrist so that if helshe fell off, the engine would stop. The two smallest new entrant ATVs that were tested are being marketed and sold for the youngest children. However, M&D determined that these two models present such significant hazards that it was unsafe to place a small youthful operator at risk for the tests. The high speed and poor brakes and suspension systems of these products were deemed too potentially dangerous to permit use by a youthful test operator. In summary, the four tested new entrant ATVs pose serious safety risks to consumers. . . These products, which do not comply with the Standard and are sold to U.S. consumers without proper safety, training, and other product support, create serious potential hazards and undermine the longstanding efforts of CPSC and the legacy ATV companies to promote safe and proper ATV use.
Summary of Four Tested New Entrant ATV Failures To Comply with ANSI Standards Baja 90:
Flagpole bracket Youth lighting prohibition Spark arrestor Tire markings Pressure gauge Speed limiting device Maximum speed Speed as delivered
No front brakes No parking brake No mechanical suspension Carry bar Flagpole bracket Youth lighting prohibition Spark arrestor Tire markings Pressure gauge Owner's manual VIN # Maximum speed Speed as delivered Brake performance Parking brake performance
No front brakes No parking brake Gearshift pattern No neutral indicator No starting interlock Flagpole bracket Youth lighting prohibition Spark arrestor Tire markings Pressure gauge Owner's manual Speed limiting device Maximum speed Brake performance Parking brake performance
Long Chang:
No parking brake Mechanical suspension Stop switch Gearshift pattern Neutral indicator Reverse indicator Starting interlock Carry bar Flagpole bracket Handlebar Youth lighting prohibition Tire markings Pressure gauge Maximum speed Speed as delivered Parking brake performance
Marchica & Deppa, LLC (M&D) is an engineering consulting company specializing in consumer product safety. Roy Deppa and Nick Marchica have over 55 years' combined experience in consumer product safety. We provide product safety consulting services to manufacturers, importers, distributors and retailers as well as to law firms, trade associations and foreign governments.
Our expertise covers a wide variety of consumer products such as All-Terrain Vehicles, Outdoor Powered Equipment, Recreational Equipment, Tools, Household Products, Cigarette Lighters, and Electrical Appliances. At Marchica & Deppa, LLC, we have a systematic life cycle approach to product safety. Product safety must be an integral part of a consumer product's life, from its design and manufacture to consumer use and ultimate product end-of-life. We provide training in product safety design concepts and stress the importance of using failure modes and effects analysis. We present case studies that illustrate these concepts. For additional information, please visit www.marchicadeppa.com.
During his career at the CPSC from 1978 to 2005, Nick held a number of engineering and management positions. As a Project Manager, he worked on household structural products such as insulation, ladders, water heaters and architectural glazing. As the Program Manager for Product Safety Assessment, he established and managed all the technical work in support of the CPSC's Office of Compliance. In 1985, Chairman Scanlon appointed him Chairman of the ATV Task Force, charged with conducting the largest product safety evaluation in the history of the agency. As the Voluntary Standards Coordinator, Nick was responsible for advocating the CPSC position on all product safety related voluntary standards before the American National Standards Institute, ASTM and Underwriters Laboratories. When he was the Director of the Office Planning and Evaluation, he was responsible for all agency program and management analyses, including the development of CPSC's strategic plan. As the Associate Executive Director for Engineering Sciences, he was responsible for all engineering work on regulatory development, voluntary standards development and support to the Office of ~ o m ~ l i a n cAs Deputy Executive Director, he provided advice and guidance to the e. Executive Director on all programs, including regulatory, compliance, consumer information, information technology and administrative matters. As the Assistant Executive Director of the Office of Compliance, he was responsible for the day to day management of the CPSC enforcement of regulations, recalls and administrative litigation. He retired as the Special Assistant to the Executive Director and Special Assistant to Commissioner Nancy Nord. Nick earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from Lafayette College in 1972 and a Master of Science degree in Civil Engineering from Lehigh University in 1974.
Roy W. Deppa
During his CPSC career from 1978 to 2005, Roy was a Mechanical Engineer and Program Manager on a wide range of product evaluations, including Lawn Mowers, Asbestos Products, Indoor Air Pollution, Upholstered Furniture, Outdoor Powered Equipment, and Recreational Products and Vehicles. Many of the projects resulted in new or revised voluntary standards under the auspices of ANSI, ASTM, UL, and ASME. As Chief Engineer of the ATV Task Force, he was responsible for all the testing and evaluation of three and four wheeled ATVs, including the development of the ANSI voluntary standard. In 1989-90, he was a Commerce Science and Technology Fellow, serving as Legislative Assistant to NY Senator Alfonse D'Amato, where he had input to Defense Appropriations, Transportation Appropriations, and other technology-based matters of national importance. As Director of the Division of Mechanical Engineering in the Directorate for Engineering Sciences, he was responsible for the day-to-day supervision of engineering staff working on wide range of regulatory development, voluntary standards, and compliance activities. He retired as an Associate Director in the CPSC Office of Compliance, where he supervised a team of Compliance Officers responsible for petroleum fueled products, electrical products, consumer fireworks, cigarette lighters, and recreational products. Roy is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Maryland and earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland in 1971.
The tests were run in accordance with the requirements of the Standard, with one or two variations; the standard calls for a smooth, level concrete (including asphalt) surface for the speed measurements and the service brake performance tests. These tests were run on a smooth asphalt drive that had two level zones with a slight slope between them. Because these tests were on small-sized ATVs, the test measurements were taken on the level portions of the pavement. Had adult-sized ATVs been tested, the much higher speeds would likely have necessitated use of a longer pavement. The Standard does not specify the size and weight of the rider used in the tests, except where the owner's manual or labels specify a weight limitation. For these tests, the test ATV did not have a specified operator weight limitation. In the case of the two smaller ATVs, M&D were not prepared to place a small youthful operator at risk for the tests; the high speed and poor brakes and suspensions of these vehicles were deemed too potentially dangerous for a youthful test operator. While using the 190 lb. operator may have resulted in longer braking distances than a lighter rider would produce, the lack of front brakes itself constitutes a hazard and would likely result in a failure with a rider of any weight.
The following instruments were employed in the reported tests. Imada Digital Force Gauge Model DPS-110 With: 6.5 2 0.010 inch oak spherical probe 3.0 2 0.001 aluminum cylindrical probe Pro 360 Digital Protractor Analogue Tire Pressure Gauge
Stalker Sport Digital Radar Gun and remote large-format mechanical readout Proprietary brake'marking gun Siltec Electronic Scales Model PS5OOL Radioshack Digital Sound Meter .
Nicholas V. Marchica Roy W. Deppa George F. Sushinsky Edward W. Kirkpatrick
Evaluation Of The Kazuma Meerkat 50 CC ATV
Marchica & Deppa, LLC (M&D) tested a Kazuma Meerkat 50 cc four-wheeled ATV to the requirements of the American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles - Equipment, Configuration, and Performance Requirements (ANSVSVIA-1-2001). M&D tested the subject ATV to the appropriate requirements of ANSVSVIA-1-2001. M&D also assessed the Kazuma Meerkat 50 cc ATV for conformance with agreements in the Action Plans.
2. Purchasin~ Kazuma Meerkat 50 cc ATV the
The website of Raceway ATV (www.racewayatv.com) was identified for the purchase of this ATV. M&D called Raceway ATV and ordered the ATV for $624.00. The ATV was pre-assembled by Raceway ATV and delivered via truck freight to M&D by R+L Carriers. IVo preparation was required except to add fuel. After receipt of the ATV, M&D measured the air pressure in each tire. The tire air pressure for three tires was the bead seating pressure (24 psi) or higher which far exceeds the recommended tire air pressure of 3.8 psi. Bead seating pressure is a temporary high
inflation pressure used in mounting the tire on the rim. The tire air pressure in the fourth tire was about twice the recommended tire air pressure.
3. Testing to ANSIISVIA-1-2001 (the Standard)
Section 3 of the Standard classifies ATVs as a Category Y (Youth Model), if they are intended for recreational off-road use under adult supervision by operators under age 16. The standard further categorjzes youth models as Category Y-12 ATVs if intended for use by children age 12 and older, or Category Y-6 if intended for use by children age 6 and older. The owner's manual for the Kazuma Meerkat 50 cc ATV states: "ATVyswith 50 cc engines, or less, may not be driven under 6 years of age in some countries." Therefore, this ATV is classified by the Standard as a Y-6 youth model. The ATV was tested to the appropriate requirements of the Standard as discussed below. Note that results are given as Pass, Fail, or Not Applicable. Additional information is provided as appropriate.
Section 4. Vehicle Equipment and Configuration.
Sectjon 4.1 Service Brakes. Fail. The ATV does not have independently-operated front and rear brakes. Section 4.1.1 Independently Operated Front Brakes. Fail. The ATV does not have front brakes. Section 4.1.2 Independently Operated Rear Brakes. Pass. Section 4.1.3 Simultaneously Operated Front and Rear Brakes. Not Applicable. Section 4.2 Parking Brakeparking Mechanism. Fail. The ATV does not have a parking brake. It does not meet the requirements of Section 8.3. Section 4.3 Mechanical Suspension. Fail. The ATV does not have a front mechanical suspension; the rear mechanical suspension provides less than two inches of travel. Section 4.4 Engine Stop Switch. Section 4.4.1 Operation. Pass. Section 4.4.2 Color of Device. Pass. Section 4.5 Manual Clutch Control. Not Applicable. Section 4.6 ~dditional Clutch Control for Utility ATVs. Not Applicable. Section 4.7 Throttle Control. Section 4.7.1 Operation. Pass.
Section 4.8 Drivetrain Controls. Fail. The foot gearshift control allows shifting from fourth gear to neutral by shifting upwards. The gearshift pattern is upside-down (see Other Observations below). Section 4,9 Neutral Indicator. Fail. There is no neutral indicator. The ATV can be started in gear. Section 4.10 Reverse Indicator. Not Applicable. However, the gear shift diagram shows reverse.
Section 4.1 1 Electric Start ~nterlock.Fail. The ATV can be started in gear. Section 4.12 Carry Bar. Pass. Section 4.13 Flag Pole Bracket. Fail. The mounting shaft diameter was 0.328 inches. The Standard requires a 0.5 inch diameter mounting shaft. Section 4.14 Manual Fuel-Shutoff Control. Pass. Section 4.15 Handlebars. Pass. Section 4.16 Operator Foot Environment.. Pass. Section 4.17 Lighting Equipment. Section 4.17.3 Requirements for Category Y Vehicles. Fail. The ATV has a headlight (See Figure 1). Section 4.18 Spark Arrestor. Fail. There is no marking. Section 4.19 Tii-e Marking. Fail. (1) Inflation Pressure. Pass. (2) Bead Seating Pressure. Pass. (3) Other Markings. (a) Pass; (b) Fail; (c).Pass; (d) Pass; (e) Pass, There is no three-digit week and year of manufacture on one tire sidewall. (4) Letter Sizes. Pass. Section 4\20 Tire Pressure Gauge. Fail. There was no tire pressure gauge provided with the ATV. The ATV does not have a means of carrying the tire pressure gauge. Section 4.21 Security. Pass.
Section 4.22 Owner's Manual. Fail. The ATV does not have a means of carrying the owner's manual that protects it from destructive elements while allowing reasonable access. Section 4.23 Vehicle (ATV) Identification Number. Pass.
Section 6. Youth ATV-Requirements.
Section 6.1 Speed Limiting Devices. Fail. Section 6.1.1 Tools Must be Needed to Adjust or Remove Device. Pass. Section 6.1.2 Maximum Speeds. Fail. Test results were 18.0 mph; 18.6 mph; 22.8 mph; 23.0 mph; 19.3 rnph and, 23.6 rnph (See Figure 2). The arithmetic average was 20.8 mph. Section 6.1.3 Delivery of ATV from Manufacturer. Fail. The ATV was not delivered with the speed limiting device adjusted to limit maximum speed to 10 rnph or less. Section 6.2 Maximum Unrestricted Speed Capability. Fail. The maximum speed capability of Category Y-6 ATVs shall be 15 rnph or less.
Section 7. Sewice Brake Performance.
Section 7.3 Performance Requirements. Fail. The maximum speed determined in Section 6.1.2 was 20.8 mph. Therefore, the braking test speed was 15 mph. (The braking test speed of 15 rnph is the multiple of 5 rnph between 12.8 rnph and 16.8 rnph). Section 7.3.2 applies to an ATV with a maximum speed capability greater than 18 mph. In order to have a braking deceleration of 0.6g or greater, the stopping distance is 12'4.5" or less. Four tests were conducted with the following stopping distances: 29'0"; 30'3"; 27'9"; and 30'1" (See Figure 3). As all of these distances exceed the requirement, the ATV fails the service brake performance requirement.
Section 8. Parking Brake/Mechanism Performance.
Section 8.3 Performance Requirements. Fail. The ATV does not have a parking brake.
Section 9. Pitch Stability. Section 9.3 Performance Requirements. Pass. The pitch stability coefficient calculated was 1.33. This is greater than the requirement that the pitch stability coefficient be at least 1.0 (See Figure 4).
4. Conformance to the CPSC Action Plans
Arre Recommendations The minimum age requirement for the Kazuma Meerkat 50 cc ATV is 6 years old. Dealer Monitoring M&D found no information that the Chinese manufactuier, Stannic Motor Spares Manufacturing Co.,Ltd., (www.kazuma.com), nor its U.S. distributor, Kazuma Pacific, (www.kazuma-us.com), maintain a dealer monitoring program to obtain dealer compliance with the age recommendations.
No safety information was found on the Stannic or Kazuma Pacific'websites. Raceway ATV provides links to 4-H ATV Youth Safety and the ATV Safety Institute (www.racewayatv.com/atv-resources/atv-safety.html).. Raceway ATV sells helmets, gloves, boots, chest protectors, riding apparel, and orange safety flags. ATV Labels The Kazuma Meerkat 50 cc ATV has a general safety warning label (Figure 5), a label warning against riding as a passenger (Figure 6), a tire pressure warning label (Figure 7), and an age label warning against riding if under age 6 (Figure 8). It has an operator weight limitation label. Owner's Manual
The Kazuma Meerkat 50 cc ATV owner's manual is in English (36 pages). M&D is not aware that CPSC has reviewed the owner's manual. The owner's manual includes some of the informational content requirements. One notable exception concerns the requirements for ATVs with engine sizes 90 cc and less. There is no notice that the ATV is not a "toy," and the specific statements concerning children have been modified and are not clear. In addition, the tire label in the owner's manual recommends tire air pressure that is over four times higher than the correct operating pressure (17.3 psi compared to 3.8 psi).
,J'heRaceway ATV website contains pictures that do not depict ATVs in a manner consistent with safe and responsible use of the product. For example, there' is a picture of a child on an ATV where the child is not wearing a helmet, goggles, gloves, boots, long sleeved shirt, or long pants.
The ATV had no hang tags that provided safety messages.
No ATV Safety Alert was provided.
No ATV Safety Video was provided.
Free hands-on training was not offered to the purchaser and qualifying members of the immediate family. No incentives were offered.
ATV Hotline
M&D is not aware that Stannic Motor Spares Manufacturing Co.,'Ltd., Kazuma Pacific or Raceway ATV help fund the toll-free ATV hotline administered by the Specialty . . Vehicle Institute of America.
Gearshift Pattern The Kazuma Meerkat 50 cc ATV has an unsafe gearshift pattern. This ATV has a gearshift with 4 forward speeds which is unusual for a 50 cc ATV. The gearshift is controlled by a centrifugal clutch, meaning that the operator does not have to operate a manual clutch. The gearshift pattern is circular; the gearshift pattern goes from Neutral to First to Second to Third to Fourth to Neutral to First, and so on. Thus, the operator can shift up to Fourth gear, achieving a speed of approximately 20 mph, shift again into Neutral, and shift again into First. Shifting into First at top speed causes a sudden and violent deceleration that could result in loss of control or overturning. Rear Sprocket The rear sprocket; that is, the drive sprocket on the rear axle that transfers power from the engine sprocket via chain to the wheels, is not guarded. The front sprocket has a chainguard, but the rear sprocket has no chainguard (See Figure 9).
While some adult ATVs do not have a rear chain guard, for youth ATVs consideration should be given to guarding the chain. CPSC has in its public files incidents involving the chains on youth ATVs.
Overall Qualitv Several parts including nuts and bolts, rubber grommets and bump stops fell off the Kazuma during testing.
Figure 1. The ATV has a headlight.
Figure 2. Maximum Speed Test
Figure 3. Brake Test Measurement
Figure 4. Balance Point Measurement for the Pitch Stability CaIculation
Figure 5. General Warning Label
Figure 6. Passenger Warning Label
Figure 7. Tire.Warning Label
Figure 8. Age Warning Label
Evaluation Of The Baja Motorsports 90 CC ATV
Marchica & Deppa, LLC (h4&D) tested a Baja Motorsports 90 cc four-wheeled ATV to the requirements of the American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles - Equipment, Configuration, and Performance Requirements (ANSVSVIA-1-2001). M&D tested the subject ATV to the appropriate requirements of ANSVSVIA-1-2001. M&D also assessed the Baja Motorsports 90 cc ATV for conformance with agreements in the Action Plans.
2. Purchasing the Baia Motorsports 90 cc ATV
Pep Boys sells the subject ATV. Pep Boys advertises A?;VS on their website and in their newspaper inserts. M&D browsed the Pep Boys website and identified stores to contact for the Baja 90 model. M&D contacted the Pep Boys in Germantown, Maryland and were told that there were no ATVs in stock. M&D then contacted the Pep Boys in Laurel, Maryland and were told that they had ATVs for sale, including this model. M&D went to the Laurel store to purchase the ATV. Although there was an ATV on the sales floor, the cashier stated that she could not sell the ATV because its keys had been lost for about a year. M&D then contacted the Pep Boys in Frederick, Maryland and were told they had ATVs in stock including the subject model. Upon arrival at the Frederick store,
M&D purchased the ATV for $1,079.88 and were told that it would take a technician one hour to prepare it. M&D went to dinner and came back one hour later to pick up the ATV. They were told at that time that the Frederick store in fact did not have the ATV in stock, but they had located two at the Germantown store and the technician had been sent to pick one up and bring it back to the Frederick store. Once the ATV was brought to the Frederick store, the manager explained that it was different from the model that M&D had requested. The delivered machine is a newer model Baja 90 cc ATV, with additional features and styling details, and it normally would retail for about $200 more than M&D paid. The manager volunteered that she would honor the paid price due to the confusion and inconvenience. The ATV was prepped by the Frederick technician and finally released to M&D about two and a half hours after the purchase Very little information was provided at the point of purchase, but the purchaser (Marchica) was asked to sign a waiver of responsibility. The employee stated that any operator under 16 "had to wear a helmet". The employee also said that there was a stop lanyard at the rear of the ATV, under the seat, that a passenger could wrap around their wrist. If the passenger fell off the ATV, the stop lanyard would pull away and the ATV would stop. The technician pointed out the electronic speed limiter which is located just below the seat on the left side of the ATV. No further instructions were provided, other than a request for feedback about the vehicle as it was a recent addition to the product line. After receipt of the ATV, M&D measured the air pressure in each tire. The tire air pressure measured was the bead seating pressure (20 psi) which far exceeds the recommended tire air pressure of 7 psi). Bead seating pressure is a temporary high inflation pressure used in mounting the tire on the rim.
3. Testing; to ANSUSVLA-1-2001 (the Standard)
Section 3 of the Standard classifies ATVs as a Category Y (Youth Model), if they are intended for recreational off-road use under adult supervision by operators under age 16. The standard further categorizes youth models as Category Y-12 ATVs if intended for use by children age 12 and older, or Category Y-6 if intended for use by children age 6 and older. The owner's manual for the Baja Motorsports 90 cc ATV states the minimum age requirement is 12 years of age. Therefore, this ATV is classified by.the Standard as a Y-12 youth model. On the front cover of the owner's manual there is a statement that the ATV "Meets the requirements of ANSI-SVLA-1-2001." The ATV was tested to the appropriate requirements of the Standard as discussed below. Note that results are given as Pass, Fail, or Not Applicable. Additional information is provided as appropriate.
Section 4.1 Seririce Brakes. Pass. The ATV has independently-operated front and rear brakes. Section 4.1.1 Independently Operated Front Brakes. Pass. Section 4.1.2 Independently Operated Rear Brakes. Pass. Section 4.1.3 Simultaneously Operated Front and Rear Brakes. Not Applicable. Section 4.2 Parking Brakeparking Mechanism. Pass. The ATV has front-wheel and rear-wheel parking brakes. It meets the requirements of Section 8.3, Performance Requirements. Section 4.3 Mechanical Suspension. Pass. The ATV has front and rear mechanical suspension with greater than two inches of travel. Section 4.4 Engine Stop Switch. Section 4.4.1 Operation. Pass. Section 4.4.2 Color of Device. Pass. Section 4.5 Manual Clutch Control. Not Applicable. Section 4.6 Additional Clutch Control for Utility ATVs. Not Applicable. Section 4.7 Throttle Control. Section 4.7.1 Operation. Pass. Section 4.8 Drivetrain Controls. Not Applicable. Section 4.9 Neutral Indicator. Not Applicable. Section 4.10 Reverse Indicator. Not Applicable. Section 4.1 1 Electric Start Interlock. Pass. Section 4.12 Carry Bar. Pass. Section 4.13 Flag Pole Bracket. Fail. The mounting shaft diameter was 0.3 inches. The standard requires a 0.5 inch diameter mounting shaft. Section 4.14 Manual Fuel-Shutoff Control. Pass. Section 4.15 Handlebars. Pass.' Section 4.16 Operator Foot Environment. Pass.
Section 4.17 Lighting Equipment. Section 4.17.3 Requirements for Category Y Vehicles. Fail. The ATV has two headlamps (See Figure 1) and a tail lamp. Category Y vehicles shall not have a headlamp or a tail lamp. Section 4.18 Spark Arrestor. Fail. There is no marking. Section 4.19 Tire Marking. Fail. (5) Inflation Pressure. Pass. (6) Bead Seating Pressure. Pass. (7) Other Markings. (a) Pass; (b) Fail; (c) Pass; (d) Pass; (e) Pass. There is no three-digit week and year of manufacture on one tire sidewall. (8) Letter Sizes. Pass. Section 4.20 Tire Pressure Gauge. Fail. There was no tire pressure gauge provided with the ATV. The ATV does have a means of carrying a tire pressure gauge. Section 4.21 Security. Pass. Section 4.22 Owner's Manual. Pass. Section 4.23 Vehicle (ATV)'Identification Number. Pass. Section 6. Youth ATV Requirements. Section 6.1 Speed Limiting Devices. Fail. Section 6.1.1 Tools Must be Needed to Adjust or Remove Device. Fail. The ATV used an electronic device and a mechanical throttle stop to limit maximum speed. However, the electronic device could be removed without the use of tools. The mechanical throttle stop was not functional. Section 6.1.2 Maximum Speeds. Fail. When tests were conducted with the electronic device connected, results were 16.2 mph; 16.0 mph; 16.0 mph; and 16.0 mph. The arithmetic average was 16.0 mph. When the electronic device was disconnected, results were 23.0 mph; 26.8 mph; 24.0 mph; and 26.9 rnph (See Figure 2). The arithmetic average was 25.2 mph. When the mechanical throttle stop was adjusted to effectively limit speed, the ATV did not generate enough power to move. Section 6.1.3 Delivery of ATV from Manufacturer. Fail. The ATV was not delivered with the speed limiting device adjusted to limit maximum speed to 15 rnph or less. ,
Section 6.2 Maximum Unrestricted Speed Capability. Pass. The maximum speed capability of Category Y-12 ATVs shall be 30 rnph or less.
Section 7. Service Brake Performance.
Section 7.3 Performance Requirements.. Pass. The maximum speed determined in Section 6.1.2 was 25.2 mph. Therefore, the braking test speed was 20 mph. (The braking test speed of 20 rnph is the multiple of 5 rnph between 17.2 mph and 2 1.2 rnph). Section 7.3.2 applies to an ATV with a maximum speed capability greater than 18 mph. In order to have a braking deceleration of 0.6g or greater, the stopping distance is 22' or less. One test was conducted with a stopping distance of 21 '3" (See Figure 3).
Section 8. Parking Brakemechanism Performance, .
Section 8.3 Performance Requirements. Pass. The ATV was tested with a 250 pound load on a 30 percent grade (See Figure 4).
Section 9. Pitch Stability.
Section 9.3 Performance Requirement. Pass. The pitch stability coefficient calculated was 1.41. This is greater than the requirement that the pitch stability coeficient be at least 1.0. (See Figure 5).
The minimum age requirement for the Baja Motorsports 90 cc ATV is 12 years pf age.
M&D found no information that the Chinese manufacturer, Guangzhou Panyu Human Motors Group Co., Ltd., (www.hnmoto.com), Baja Motorsports (www.bajamotorsports.net) and/or Pep Boys (www.pepboys.com) maintain a dealer monitoring program to obtain dealer compliance with the age recommendations.
The Pep Boys website home page, www.pepboys.com, provides a link for "Scooters, ATVs & More." This link provides a link to a ride smart program at www.ridesmartprogram.com. M&D was unable to access this website. Pep Boys
provides Safety Recommendations for personal transportation products such as scooters, ATVs and dirt bikes at www.pepboys.com/transportation/safety/index.hl and www.pepboys.com/transportation/safety/recommendations.hl. Reference is made to recommendations by the CPSC for !'off-road riders" and "scooter riders", respectively. This general information does not apply to ATVs except for wearing a helmet and the age recommendation. For example, specific information on never using the ATV on public roads, never carrying passengers and, never using drugs or alcohol while operating the ATV is not included. Pep Boys also provides a "Positioning Statement" (www.pepboys.com/transportation/safety/positioning.pd which states in part: "As a routine practice, Pep Boys makes its best effort to inform and educate customers about the products it sells. . . Nevertheless, Pep Boys is not in a position to either educate customers about all local laws and regulations regarding their use of these products or to ensure that its customers in fact conform to all legal and safety standards." No safety information was found on the Huanan Motors Group or the Baja Motorsports websites.
ATV Labels
The ~ a j Motorsports 90 cc ATV has general (Figure 6), passenger (Figure 7), age a (Figure 8) and tire labels (Figure 9) in English and French.
The Baja Motorsports 90 cc ATV owner's manual is in English (70 pages) and in French (70 pages). M&D is not aware that CPSC has reviewed the owner's manual. For the most part, the owner's manual includes the informational content requirements. One notable exception concerns the requirements for ATVs with engine sizes 90 cc and less, There is notice that the ATV is not a "toy," however, there is no discussion of the importance of children completing a training course and the importance of children understanding and following the instructions and warnings contained in the manual. The following statement was not in the owner's manual: "Children differ in skills, physical abilities, and judgment. Some children may not be able to operate an ATV safely. Parents should supervise their child's use of the ATV at all times. Parents should permit & continued use o if they determine that the child has the ability to operate the ATV safely."
Pep Boys flyer advertising does not depict ATVs in a manner consistent with safe and responsible use of the product. The depiction of the Baja Motorsports 90 cc ATV in the advertising can be viewed as a jump or a wheelie.
Safety Alerts No ATV Safety Alert was provided. ATV Safety Video
NOATV Safety Video was provided.
Training Free hands-on training was not offered to the purchaser and qualifying members of the immediate family. No incentives were offered. The owner's manual does recommend: "Beginners and inexperienced operators should complete a certified training course." The owner's manual also provides the SVIA website (www.svia.org) and the ATV Hotline (800-887-2887) for more information. ATV Hotline M&D is not aware that Baja Motorsports or Pep Boys'help fund the toll-free ATV hotline administered by the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America.
The Baja Motorsports 90 cc ATV appears to present no obvious design or manufacturing defects that might be likely to present hazards. It is operated by a centrifugal clutch and one-speed transmission. At idle, the clutch is disengaged. As the operator applies the throttle, the clutch engages, and the ATV moves. The engine does not idle, but stalls when the throttle is released. Although an adjustment is available on the throttle cable, it does not allow enough adjustment to let the engine idle. An operator can become frustrated with this performance characteristic, and may try to hold the throttle in enough to keep the engine running. This engages the clutch and causes the ATV to move.
Figure 1. The ATV has two headlights.
Figure 2. Maximum Speed Test (Note: The Radar Gun measured 26.9 mph; the display rounded up to 27 mph).
Figure 3. Service Brake Test Measurement
Figure 4. ParkingBrake Test
Figure 5. Balance Point Measurement for the Pitch stability Calculation
Figure 6. General Warning Label
Figure 7. Passenger Warning Label (Top Label)
~ i ~ u 9. e r Tire Warning Label
Evaluation Of The SunL SLA-90 CC ATV
Marchica & Deppa, LLC (M&D) tested a SunL SLA-90 cc four-wheeled ATV to the requirements of the American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles Equipment, Configuration, and Performance Requirements (ANSUSVIA-1-2001). M&D tested the subject ATV to the appropriate requirements of ANSUSVIA-1-2001. M&D also assessed the SunL SLA-90 cc ATV for conformance with agreements in the Action Plans.
2. Purchasing the SunL SLA-90 cc ATV
The website of Alternative Transportation (www.alt-trans.com) was identified for the purchase of this ATV. M&D called Alternative Transportation and ordered the ATV for $674.99. The ATV was delivered via truck freight to M&D by R+L Carriers. The ATV required assembly of the handlebars, wheels and the front safety bar. The battery charger that came with the ATV was broken into pieces. After receipt of the ATV, M&D measured the air pressure in each tire. The tire air pressure measured was the bead seating pressure (24 psi) which far exceeds the recommended tire air pressure of 4 psi. Bead seating pressure is a temporary high inflation pressure used in mounting the tire on the rim.
3. Testing to ANSUSVIA-1-2001 (the Standard)
he owner's manual for the SunL SLA-90 cc ATV does not state the minimum age requirement to operate the ATV. However, the Alternative Transportation website states 'the SunL SLA-90 cc ATV is "Recommended for ages.6-10 . . ." . .
Section 3 of the Standard classifies ATVs as a Category Y (Youth Model), if they are intended for recreational off-road use under adult supervision by operators under age 16. The standard further categorizes youth models as Category Y-12 ATVs if intended for use by children age 12 and older, or Category Y-6 if intended for use by children age 6 and older. Based upon the Alternative Transportation website's representation that the SunL SLA90 cc is recommended for use by children ages 6-10, this ATV is classified by the Standard as a Y-6 ATV. (Note that based on agreements between the major ATV distributors and the CPSC, a 90 cc ATV is intended for use by children age 12 and older and is considered a Y-12 ATV, and that Y-6 ATVs intended for use by children over age 6 are limited to 50 cc engines.) The ATV was tested to the appropriate requirements of the Standard as discussed below. Note that results are given as Pass, Fail, or Not Applicable. Additional information is provided as appropriate.
Section 4.1 Service Brakes. Fail. The ATV does not have independently-operated front and rear brakes. Section 4.1.1 Independently Operated Front Brakes. Fail. The ATV does not have front brakes. Section 4.1.2 Independently Operated Rear Brakes. Pass. Section 4.1.3 Simultaneously Operated Front and Rear Brakes. Not Applicable. Section 4.2 Parking Brakemarking Mechanism. Fail. The ATV does have a parking brake. It does not meet the requirements of Section 8.3, Performance Requirements. Section 4.3 Mechanical Suspension. Fail. The ATV has a front mechanical suspension that provides less than two inches of travel and a rear mechanical suspension that provides at least two inches of travel. Section 4.4 Engine Stop Switch. Section 4.4.1 Operation. Pass. Section 4.4.2 Color of Device. Pass.
Section 4.5 Manual Clutch Control. Not Applicable. Section 4.6 Additional Clutch Control for Utility ATVs. Not Applicable. Section 4.7 Throttle Control. Section 4.7.1 Operation. Pass. Section 4.8 Drivetrain Controls. Not Applicable. Section 4.9 Neutral Indicator. Not Applicable. Section 4.10 Reverse Indicator. Not Applicable.
Section 4.1 1 Electric Start Interlock. Pass. Section 4.12 Cany Bar. Fail. The ATV went past 90 degrees when it was standing on its rear wheels and the carry bar (See Figure 1). Section 4.13 Flag Pole Bracket. Fail. The ATV does not have a flag pole bracket. Section 4.14 Manual Fuel-Shutoff Control. Not Applicable. Section 4.15 Handlebars. Pass. Section 4.16 Operator Foot Environment. Pass. Section 4.1 7 Lighting Equipment. Section 4.17.3 Requirements for Category Y Vehicles. Fail. The ATV has a headlight (See Figure 2) and a tail light. Category Y vehicles shall not have a headlamp o r a tail lamp. Section 4.1 8 Spark Arrestor. .Fail. There is no marking. Section 4.19 Tire Marking. Fail. (9) Inflation Pressure. Pass. (1 0) Bead Seating Pressure. Pass. . (1 1) Other Markings. (a) Pass; (b) Fail; (c) Pass; (d) Fail; (e) Pass. There is no three-digit week and year of manufacture on one tire sidewall. "Tubeless" was marked on only one of the four tires. (12) Letter Sizes. Pass.
Section 4.20 Tire Pressure Gauge. Fail. There was no tire pressure gauge provided with the ATV. The ATV does not have a means of carrying the tire pressure gauge. Section 4.21 Security. Pass. Section 4.22 Owner's Manual. Fail. The ATV does not have a means of carrying the owner's manual that protects it from destructive elements while allowing reasonable access. Section 4.23 Vehicle (ATV) Identification Number. Fail. The ATV does not have a Vehicle Identification Number.
Section 6. Youth ATV Requirements.
Section 6.1 Speed Limiting Devices. Fail. Section 6.1.1 Tools Must be Needed to Adjust or Remove Device. Pass. Section 6.1.2 Maximum speeds. Fail. Test results were 25.4 mph; 28.0 mph; 26.0 mph; and 27.8 rnph (See Figure 3). 'I71e arithmetic average was 26.8 mph. Section 6.1.3 Delivery of ATV from Manufacturer. Fail. The ATV was not delivered with the speed limiting device adjusted to limit maximum speed to 10 rnph or less. Section 6.2 Maximum Unrestricted Speed Capability. Fail. Because this ATV is intended by the distributor for use by children from age 6-1 0, it fails this requirement. If the distributor were in conformance with the Action Plans, and limited this 90 cc ATv to use by children over age 12, it would pass this requirement
Section 7.3 Performance Requirements. Fail. The maximum speed determined in Section 6.1.2 was 26.8 mph. Therefore, the braking test speed was 20 mph. (The braking test speed of 20 mph is the multiple of 5 rnph between 18.8 rnph and 22.8 rnph). Section 7.3.2 applies to an ATV with a maximum speed capability greater than 18 mph. In order to have a braking deceleration of 0.6g or greater, the stopping distance is 22 feet or less.
Four tests were conducted with the following stopping distances: 37'0"; 43'4"; 47'2"; and 52'6" (See Figure 4). As all the stopping distances exceed the requirement, this ATV fails the service brake performance requirements. Section 8. Parking Brakemechanism Performance. Section 8.3 Performance Requirements. Fail. There was no information on the vehicle load capacity. Based on weight-for-age percentiles for heavy 10 and 11 year old boys, a range of 100 pounds to 120 pounds was selected for the test. (See http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts). The parking brake failed with a 110 pound load in the downhill direction (See Figure 5) and with a 120 pound load in the uphill direction. Section 9. Pitch Stability. Section 9.3 Performance Requirement. Pass. The pitch stability coefficient calculated was 1.51. This is greater than the requirement that the pitch stability coefficient be at least 1.0 (See Figure 6).
4. 'Conformanceto the CPSC Action Plans
Age Recommendations The Alternative Transportation website states the SunL SLA-90 cc ATV is "Recommended for ages 6- 10 . . ." The standard categorizes this youth model ATV as a Category Y-6 ATV. However, based on the Action Plans, a 90 cc ATV is intended for use by children age 12 and older and is considered a Y-12 ATV. Dealer Monitoring
M&D found no information that the SunL Group (www.sunl.com) andlor Alternative Transportation (www.alt-trans.com) maintain a dealer monitoring program to obtain dealer compliance with the age recommendations.
No safety information was found on the SunL Group or the Alternative Transportation websites.
The SunL SLA-90 cc ATV has general (Figure 7) and age (Figure 8) labels. It does not have passenger or tire labels.
The SunL SLA-90 cc ATV owner's manual is in English (29 pages). M&D is not aware that CPSC has reviewed the owner's manual. The owner's manual includes almost none of the informational content requirements.
No advertising was found on the SunL Group or Alternative Transportation websites that depicted the use of ATVs.
No ATV Safety ~ l e rwas provided. t
ATV Safetv Video
Free hands-on training was not offered to the purchaser and qualifying members of the immediate family, No incentives were offered.
M&D is not aware that SunL Group or Alternative Transportation help fund the toll-free ATV hotline administered by the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America.
Several parts (including the chain guard and ignition switch module) fell off or loosened during testing of the ATV.
Figure 1. The ATV went past 90 degrees when it was standing on its rear wheels and the carry bar.
Figure 2. The ATV has a headlight.
Figure 3. Maximum Speed Test
Figure 4. Brake Test Measurement
Figure 5. Parking Brake Test
Figure 6. Balance Point Measurement for the Pitch Stability Calculation
Figure 7. General Warning Label
Evaluation Of The Long Chang Lion S 110 CC ATV
Marchica & Deppa, LLC (M&D) tested a Long Chang Lion S 110 cc four-wheeled ATV to the requirements of the American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles - Equipment, Configuration, and Performance Requirements (ANSVSVIA-12001). M&D tested the subject ATV to the a'ppropriate requirements of ANSVSVIA-12001. M&D also assessed the Long Chang Lion S 110 cc ATV for conformance with agreements in the Action Plans.
2. Purchasing the Long Chang Lion S 110 cc ATV
The website of Hofmann Motor Sports www.hofmannmotorsports.com) identified was for the purchase of the ATV. M&D called Hofmann Motor Sports and ordered the ATV for $869.99. The ATV was delivered via truck freight to M&D by R+L Carriers. The ATV as delivered was fully assembled but required adjustment of the handlebars.
The ATV as delivered had numerous problems. One tire was flat due to a faulty valve. The tire .air pressure in the other three tires was the bead seating pressure (20 psi) or
higher which far exceeds the recommended tire air pressure of 7 psi. Bead seating pressure is a temporary high inflation pressure used in mounting the tire on the rim. The ignition key module had to be dismantled and reassembled several times in order to operate (Figure I). The voltage regulator "stabilizer" was defective (Figure 2) and was bypassed in order to start and operate the ATV. The negative lead to the battery was too short to allow installation of the battery, and had to be modified. The front brake was not adjusted.
The owner's manual that came with the Long Chang Lion S 110 cc ATV was labeled LC901100ATV. The owner's manual says: ". . . it is used as an amusement style for adults. And children above 12 years old." The owner's manual further states: "NEVER permit children under age 12 to operate this ATV." Section 3 of the Standard classifies ATVs as a Category Y (Youth Model), if they are intended for recreational off-road use under adult supervision by operators under age 16. The standard further categorizes youth models as Category Y-12 ATVs if intended for use by children age 12 and older, or Category Y-6 if intended for use by children age 6 and older. Based upon the age representation in the owner's manual, the Standard classifies this as a Y-12 ATV. (Note that based on agreements between the major ATV distributors and the CPSC, a 110 cc ATV is considered an adult model. ATVs with engine sizes 90 cc or less are considered youth models.) The ATV was tested to the appropriate requirements of the Standard a s discussed below. Note that results are given as Pass, Fail, or Not Applicable. Additional information is provided as appropriate. Section 4. Vehicle Equipment and Confi~uration. Section 4.1 Service Brakes. Pass. Section 4.1.1 Independently Operated Front Brakes. Pass. Section 4.1.2 Independently Operated Rear Brakes. Pass. Section 4.1.3 Simultaneously Operated Front and Rear Brakes. Not Applicable. Section 4.2 Parking Brakeparking Mechanism. Fail. The ATV does not have a parking brake. It does not meet the requirements of Section 8.3, Performance Requirements. However, the owner's manual says the ATV has a parking brake. Section 4.3 Mechanical Suspension. Fail. The ATV has a front mechanical suspension with less than two inches of travel and a rear mechanical suspension with at least two inches of travel.
Section 4.4 Engine Stop Switch. Fail. Section 4.4.1 Operation. Pass. Section 4.4.2 Color of Deirice. Fail. The device is black. Section 4.5 Manual Clutch Control. Not Applicable. Section 4.6 Additional Clutch Control for Utility ATVs. Not Applicable. Section 4.7 Throttle Control. , Section 4.7.1 Operation. Pass.
Section 4.8 rivet rain Controls. Fail. The gearshift pattern is upside-down. (Note that this ATV has a Reverse gear.) The gearshift pattern is Up to Reverse, and Down to successively higher gears up to 3" (See Figure 3). It has a rocker-style foot-operated shift control (See Figure 4). Section 4.9 Neutral Indicator. Fail. There isno neutral indicator. section 4.1 0 Reverse Indicator. Fail. There isno reverse indicator. Section 4.1 1 Electric Start Interlock. Fail. The ATV can be started in gear. Section 4.12 Carry Bar. Fail. The carry bar is not located at the rear of the seat. Section 4.13 Flag Pole Bracket. Fail. There is no flag pole bracket. Section 4.14 Manual Fuel-Shutoff Control. Pass. Section 4.15 Handlebars. Fail. The handlebar crossbar is not padded (See Figure 5). Section 4.16 Operator Foot Environment. Pass. However, it is reasonably foreseeable that the operator's foot could contact the rear tire (see Other Observations below). in~ Section 4.17 ~ i ~ h tEquipment. Section 4.1 7.3 Requirements for Category Y Vehicles. Fail. The ATV has a headlight (See Figure 6).
Section 4.18 Spark Arrestor. Fail. There is no marking. Section 4.19 Tire Marking. Fail. (13) Inflation Pressure. Pass. (14) Bead Seating Pressure. Pass. (15) Other Markings. (a) Pass; (b) Fail; (c) Pass; (d) Pass; (e) Pass. There is no three-digit week and year of manufacture on either tire sidewall. (16) Letter Sizes. Pass. Section 4.20 Tire Pressure Gauge. Fail. There was no tire pressure gauge provided with the ATV.
Section 4.2 1 Security. Pais. Section 4.22 Owner's Manual. Pass. Section 4.23 Vehicle CATV) Identification Number. Pass. Section 6. Youth ATV Requirements. Section 6.1 Speed Limiting Devices. Fail. Section 6.1.1 Tools Must be Needed to Adjust or Remove Device. Pass. Section 6.1.2 Maximum Speeds. Fail. Test results were 27.9 mph; 30.8 mph; 27.3 mph; and 30.3 rnph (See Figure 7). The arithmetic average was 29.1 mph. Section 6.1.3 Delivery of ATV from Manufacturer. Fail. The ATV was not delivered with the speed limiting device adjusted to limit maximum speed to 15 rnph or less. Section 6.2 Maximum Unrestricted Speed Capability. Pass. Section 7:Service Brake Performance. Section 7.3 Performance Requirements. Pass. The maximum speed determined in Section 6.1.2 was 29.1 mph. Therefore, the braking test speed was 25 mph. (The braking test speed of 25 rnph is the multiple of 5 rnph between.21.1 rnph and 25.1 rnph). Section 7.3.2 applies to an ATV with a maximum speed capability greater than 18 mph. In order to have a braking deceleration of 0.6g or greater, the stopping distance is 34'5" or less.
(Four tests were conducted with the front brake in the as received condition to evaluate the effect of a consumer assuming that the newly purchased ATV was ready to ride. The following stopping distances were obtained: 44'2"; 44'6"; 53'7"; and 48'1 1" (See Figure 8) -3 When the front brake was adjusted, two test results were 3 1' 1" and 30' 10" (See Figure 9). Because at least one run passed the brake distance requirement, the ATV passes the Service Brake Performance requirement. Section 8. Parking BrakeMechanism Performance. Section 8.3 Performance.Requirements. Fail. The ATV does not have a parking brake. Section 9. Pitch Stabilitv. Section 9.3 Performance Requirement. Pass. The pitch stability coefficient calculated was 1.52. This, is .greater than the requirement that the pitch stability coefficient be at least 1.0 (See Figure 10). Section 10. Electromagnetic Compatibilitv. Not Assessed. Section 11. Sound Level Limits. Not assessed formally because the EPA regulation requires specialized facilities not available to M&D. However, approximate measurements were made using a sound level meter at the required standoff distance, with measurements of 83 to 89 dB (A). These measurements suggest that the Long Chang Lion may violate the requirement which is 80 dB (A).
Age Recommendations The owner's manual that came with the Long Chang Lion S 110 cc ATV was labeled LC901100ATV. The owner's manual says: ". . . it is used as an amusement style for adults. And children above 12 years old." The owner's manual further states: "NEVER permit children under age 12 to operate this ATV." The standard categorizes this youth model ATV as a Category Y-12 ATV since it is intended for use by children age 12 and 11 older. However, based on the Action ~lans,'a 0 cc ATV is not considered a youth model; it is considered an adult model. Dealer Monitoring
M&D found no informaticin that the Chinese manufacturer, JiNan LongChang Sports
Vehicle Manufacturer Co., (www.long-chang.com), the U.S. distributor, Long Chang
Distributor, (www.longchangdistributor.com), or Hofmann Motor Sports (www.hofmannmotorsports.com)maintain a dealer monitoring program to obtain dealer compliance with the age recommendations.
No safety information was found on any of the websites.
The Long Chang Lion S 110 cc ATV has general (Figure l l ) , passenger (Figure 12), age (Figure 13), and tire pressure (Figure 14) warning labels. The tire pressure warning label is confbsing: Cold Tire Pressure Front 2.9 O.4psi 0.20 0.03 kg/cm2 Rear 2.9 O.4psi 0.20 0.03 kg/cm2 Presumably there are meant to be 2 characters inserted to indicate tolerances.
The Long Chang Lion S 110 cc ATV owner's manual is in English (21 pages). M&D is not aware that CPSC has reviewed the owner's manual. The owner's manual includes some of the informational content requirements. Since the ATV is marketed as a Y-12 model, information concerning children is deficient. For example, there is no notice that the ATV is not a "toy." There is no discussion of the importance of children completing the training course and the importance of children understanding and following the instructions and warnings contained in the manual. The following statement was not in the owner's manual: "Children differ in skills, physical abilities, and judgment. Some children may not be able to operate an ATV safely. Parents should supervise their child's & use of the ATV at all times. Parents should permit continued use o if they determine that the child has the ability to operate the ATV safely."
No advertising was found on the websites that depicted the use of ATVs.
Hang: Tags
M&D is not aware that JiNan LongChang Sports Vehicle Manufacturer Co., Long Chang Distributor, or Hofmann Motor Sports helps fund the toll-free ATV hotline administered by the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America.
Foot Environment Although the foot environment passes the probe test in the Standard, the operator's feet may readily contact both the front (Figure 15) and rear tires (J?igure 16). Almost all ATVs have rubber or pliable plastic guards between the fenders and the rigid structure of the footboard/footguards to prevent this sort of hazard. The Long Chang's shift lever does not fit the footboard very well; it passes within a half inch of the rigid structure, making it difficult to shift. It is likely, in attempting to depress the shift lever, to make toe contact with the front tire. Similarly, there is partial, but inadequate shielding for the foot from the rear tires. Rear Sprocket The rear sprocket; that is, the drive sprocket on the rear axle that transfers power from the engine sprocket via chain to the wheels, is not guarded. The front sprocket has a chainguard, but the rear sprocket has no chainguard (See Figure 17). While some adult ATVs do not have a rear chain guard, for youth ATVs consideration should be given to guarding the chain. CPSC has in its public files incidents involving the chains on youth ATVs. Overall OuaIity The overall quality of the Long Chang Lion S 110 ATV is very poor. In addition to being delivered with a flat tire, a battery that could not be connected, a broken ignition switch, and a faulty voltage regulator, and brakes that were badly out of adjustment, several parts fell off or came loose during testing.
Figure 1. Damaged Ignition Switch
Figure 2. Faulty Voltage Regulator
Figure 4. Rocker-style foot-operated shift control
Figure 5. The handlebar crossbar is not padded.
Figure 6. The ATV has a headlight.
Figure 7. ,Maximum Speed Test
Figure 8. Brake Test Measurement (Front Brake in the as-received condition)
Figure 9. Brake Test Measurement (Front Brake Adjusted)
Figure 10. Balance Point Measurement for the Pitch Stability Calculation
Figure 11. General -WarningLabel
Figure 12. Passenger Warning Label
Figure 13. Age Warning Label
Figure 14. Tire Warning Label
Figure 15. Foot Environment Hazard -Front Tire
Figure 16. Foot Environment Hazard - Rear Tire
Figure 17. The rear sprocket has no chainguard
: Consumer Federation of America
Comments Offered by CFA in Response to the CPSC's NPR on ATVs
December 2 1,2006
Consumer Federation of America (CFA) submits these comments in response to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on allterrain vehicles (ATVs). Consumer Federation of America has been deeply concerned about the safety of ATVs for many years. In fact, we have been involved in ATV safety issues since the 1980s when three-wheel ATVs dominated the market. We opposed the consent decree between CPSC and ATV manufacturers in 1988 because we felt that it did not adequately protect consumers. We petitioned CPSC in the 1990s and again in 2002, and legally challenged CPSC's abandonment of their ATV rulemaking in the 1990s. The Commission denied our most recent petition, CP-02-41 HP-02-l ', which requested that the U.S. Consumer
Product Safety Commission ban the sale of adult-size four wheel all-terrain vehicles "ATVs" sold for use by children under sixteen years of age. We continue to believe that the rule we,suggested in our petition is the CPSC's best solution for reducing ATV deaths and injuries. We have testified before the Commission on two occasions in support of
Consumer Federation of America filed the petition on August 20,2002 along with the American College of Emergency Physicians, Bluewater Network, Danny Academy of Pediatrics, ~ m e r i c a n Foundation for Crib & Child Product Safety; Kids in Danger, National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses and the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.
our petition2 as well as before the U.S. Senate. CFA has also issued reports over the years to document what we perceive as an unchecked public health crisis caused by ATVs The focus of CFA's comments will respond to specific provisions that were or were not included in the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Howevkr, we are concerned that this NPR was not based upon the usual rigor that the Commission normally undertakes as part of such a rulemaking. We are concerned that the standards within the NPR do not include critically important provisions. We are also incredibly alarmed that the NPR relies upon the same old methods and standards that have failed in the past. This public health crisis is in need of aggressive and innovative solutions and we don't see those things in this NPR. The NPR includes numerous statements indicating that the voluntary standards have been working. This reliance on the voluntary standards seems to serve as a basis for this proposed rule. However, the evidence for the success of the voluntary standards in not presented. We believe that the evidence supports the proposition that the elements of the Letters of Undertaking have not been successfully carried out especially in the context of numerous documented instances of ATV dealers knowingly selling adult size ATVs for children. The fact that children operate adult size ATVs in large numbers and that many ATV riders are not following the substance of the warning labels compels new ideas, not a perpetuation of the status quo.
CFA testified in the June 5, 2003 field hearing in West Virginia and in the March 2005 hearing on CPSC staffs briefing package.
Further, we are concerned that the NPR seems to reflect industry's contention that imported ATVs should be the focus of any and all efforts to improve ATV safety. The NPR dedicates considerable attention to the "problem' of imported ATVs" and provides "special emphasis on the current practices of importers." While, it is clear that the large ATV manufacturers fear the rising percentage of less expensive ATVs as 'an economic threat, .there has been no evidence put forth indicating that these ATVs pose an added threat to health and safety over and above the threats posed by all ATVs. They seem to lack some or all warning labels but evidence documenting the impact of these ATVs has not been presented. In contrast, CFA has analyzed ATV recalls until November 2005 and found that for ATV recalls listing the country of manufacture, 20 were manufactured in the United States, 3 were manufactured in Canada, 3 were manufactured in Japan, 1 was manufactured in Taiwan; and 1 was manufactured in China. Of ATVs recalled during this period, 91.7% involved ATVs manufactured by major ATV manufacturers who are members of the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America (SVIA).~ addition, in 2005 alone, 94% (1 6 out In of 17) of ATVs recalled were manufactured by major ATV manufacturers. Thus, CFA is concerned that efforts to deal with imported ATVs may be better spent dealing with the vast majority of ATVs involved in recalls and linked to deaths and injuries of consumers. Certainly, since this sector of the market is growing, it should be observed closely but all ATVs no matter where they are manufactured could pose significant risks to consumers if enforcement mechanisms and meaningful regulations ar'e not in place. Thus, we see no evidence supporting the special emphasis that CPSC has placed on the issue.
Polaris joined SVIA in September of 2005.
CFA fears that the inadequate response articulated in the NPR will have no or little impact on preventing future ATV deaths and injuries. In fact, CPSC has stated that it has not performed an analysis of the percentage of deaths addressable by the draft rule.4 CPSC has the opportunity to affect significant change but CPSC is failing to embrace that challenge. What follows are CFA's detailed comments on particular aspects of the NPR:
1. New Cate~orization ATVs of This NPR proposes to change the categorization of ATVs from one that historically was based on engine size to a categorization based upon maximum speed. CPSC is making this decision based upon limited information of the role speed has played in deaths and injuries to children on ATVs. CPSC's limited data is based upon its 2001 Injury Study which found that 11% of all injuries occurred while racing or performing
stunt^.^
hardly provides sufficient evidence to justify this new categorization. We oppose this new categorization and fear dire unintended consequences of this proposal. First, it appears that this new categorization ignores CPSC's own age determination guidelines and is based on little or no evidence. For example, the NPR includes the following statement from CPSC staffs Age determination guidelines: The CPSC staffs Age Determination Guidelines state that children age 6 through
8 years can operate slow moving motorized vehicles, and that children age 9
CPSC Staff Response Regarding Follow-Up Questions from Commissioner Moore after the June 15,2006 ATV Safety Review Briefing, July 1 1,2006,page 1. CPSC Staff Response Regarding Follow-Up Questions from Commissioner Moore after the June 15,2006 ATV Safety Review Briefing, July 1 1,2006, page 6.
through 12 years can operate motorized vehicles with gear shifting up to 10 miles per hour. The guidelines state a clear demarcation with the teenage years: "faster [than 10 mph] moving motorized [vehicles] are generally not appropriate even for 12 year olds because of the difficulty associated with both balancing and steering the vehicle while Thus, the age guidelines suggest that children ages 9-12 not operate a vehicle over 10 mph. However, the proposed rule proposes (Junior) 6 + years on a 10 mph vehicle or less without gear shifting; (Pre-teen) 9 + years on a 10- 15 mph; (Teen) 12 + on 15-30 mph; and (Adult) 16 + without restriction. Under this scenario, a 9 year old could permissibly ride a machine with gear shifting that goes 10-15 mph, if the speed limiting device actually works. This scenario flies in the face of CPSC's own age guidelines as well as common sense. The proposed rules include another statement that contradicts the youth model categorization by speed and the proposed speed limits:
Operating an ATV is somewhat comparable to operating other complex motorized vehicles. ATVs have top speeds approaching that of automobiles on highways; yet have little protection from oncoming objects such as a motorcycle. Even at relatively low speeds (20-30 mph) they can take as much skill to operate as an automobile because the operator requires: (1) Situational awareness to negotiate
Federal Register, Vol. 71, No. 154, Thursday, August 10,2006, page 45908.
unpaved terrain with both eye-level hazards (trees, other ATVs) and trail-level hazards (ditches, rocks, hidden holes); and (2) quick judgments including not only steering, speed, and braking, but also terrain suitability, weight shifting and other active riding
behavior^.^
This statement ii in the proposed rule's section on training to provide support for the need for hands on training; however it highlights how difficult ATVs can be to operate even at "low speeds" of 20 to 30 mph. Incredulously, this proposal is recommending that children between 12 and 15 years old operate these complex motorized vehicles at these speeds. We have concerns about the Commissions decision to set the speed range for teen 12+ ATVs at 15-30 miles per hour. CPSC does not, but should provide evidence for this decision.
This proposed rule places CPSC's stamp of approval on children riding ATVs that are too fast and too complicated for them to operate. We fear the consequences.
Also, of deep concern to CFA is that categorization based on speed is one dimensional and ignores other critical factors that have vast impact on the safe operation of these vehicles, especially as they relate to operation by children. The weight and size of the machine alone as well as in relation to the weight of a child is a critically important factor that this proposed rule ignores. As the Commission is well too aware, a significant portion of child deaths occur when the ATV falls on the child. CPSC has indicated that it would be "difficult" and "require significant resources" to test the interaction between the
' Federal Register, Vol. 71, No.154, Thursday, August 10,2006, page 45909.
weight of an ATV and a rider.8 So instead of analyzing this admittedly complex issue, the proposed rule ignores it completely-an
untenable solution that fails to protect the public.
CPSC's new categorization relies upon speed limiting devices for the pre-teen and junior models. The proposed rule would require that two tools would be necessary to alter the speed limiting device. This is inadequate. To best protect operators of these vehicles, the consumer should not be able to modify the speed in any way. We recommend that the proposed rule be amended so that the speed limiting device is not serviceable by a consumer. The fact that a child or their parent can remove the speed limiting device entirely diminishes the use of the device. To best limit the speed of the vehicle, the speed limiting device should not be accessible to consumers. We are further concerned that the speed limiting devices may fail. The proposed rule does not take this issue into consideration as there is no standard set forth to ensure that the speed limiting device works as it should other than the use of a maximum speed capability test which does not take into account use and abuse over the lifetime or even reasonable use of the product. CPSC has found that some ATVs have speed limiting devices that do not work.9 However this proposed rule relies upon them. We recommend the inclusion of a performance standard for the speed limiting devices or the reliance on a more effective method of speed limitation.
CPSC Staff Response Regarding Follow-Up Questions from Commissioner Moore after the June 15,2006 ATV Safety Review Briefing, July 11, 2006, page 7. CPSC Staff Response Regarding Follow-Up Questions from Commissioner Moore after the June 15,2006 ATV Safety Review Briefing, July 1I, 2006, page 6.
It is not clear that this new speed categorization and the resulting new youth models will do anything to keep children on the "appropriate" machine, rather; the fact that there are four models of ATVs may provide an even largef. incentive for a parent to purchase one ATV that is too large and too powerful for a child to operate. 2. Requirements for Single Rider Adult Sized ATVs- Make Carwing a Passenger
Adult-sized ATVs are designed for one driver and no passengers. Warning labels on ATVs and recommendations by the ATV industry and CPSC, and other organizations have stated that there should never be passengers on ATVs. However, the long seat on ATVs makes it not only possible but also inviting for a passenger to ride. The seat length should be shortened and designed differently making it impossible for more than one person to sit on the seat at one time. Other design standards should be considered to make carrying passengers impossible.
3. Tandem ATVs
Tandem ATVs have been developed to allow for an operator to carry a passenger. Given that public health organizations, the long held view of CPSC and the SVIA have maintained that ATVs should not be operated with a passenger because of dire safety consequences, what evidence exists to support the creation of a tandem ATV? Has there been a cost benefit analysis conducted that considers the increased risk these vehicles may pose to consumers? Further, how is the tandem ATV designed differently to allow for the addition of a passenger? Other than additional factors to allow for the physical
presence of another person such as footrests and handholds, there seems to be an absence of a standard for lateral stability making the machine better equipped to carry two passengers. The addition of a passenger reduces the stability of a slow moving ATV by at least 1l%.1° While the rule, included a pitch stability standard for tandem ATVs, it is inadequate because it deals with measurement of a coefficient of pitch based on the point that the vehicle loses stability during a wheelie and can fall backward on the rider. The test includes passenger weights when measuring pitch for tandems, which is positive, but the minimum limit is set at 1.O. The Commission does not include a rationale for this number. Furthermore, the rule does not address lateral stability -the propensity for tandem ATVs to tip over on its side. We believe that the rule should include this. Finally, there are many inconsistencies between the pitch stability provisions for single rider and tandem ATVs with no rationale given for this.
Further,'since there is an increase in instability, the standard should require the addition of a roll cage. The warning label on the Tandem ATVs should indicate its increased instability, warn operators and passengers of this and further recommend the riding positions that least increases the instability of the vehicle. Finally, what evidence exists to support the statement on a label that a child 12 or older could ride as a passenger on a tandem ATV?
Mathematical modeling of the stability of passenger-carrying tandem seat all terrain vehicle (ATV), prepared by MIRA Itd. For the Health and Safety Executive, United Kingdom, 2004. (available on the web at hap. '~~ww.hsc.gov.uk~research1rrpdf/rr23,3.ndf
No evidence was documented and such an ill informed proposition could lead to dire consequences. 4. Ban on Three- Wheel ATVs CFA supports the proposed rule's provision that would ban three wheel ATVs. However, this provision should be accompanied by a recall of all three- wheel ATVs in the market. If three-wheel ATVs should not be introduced into commerce because of their inherent risk, then those that are already in the market should be removed to reduce the risk of injury to consumers. 5. Death and Injury Data Disclosure
The most recent death and injury data should be provided to consumers in as many places and methods that can increase a consumer's knowledge about the risk they are assuming by operating or allowing their child to operate an ATV. The owner's manual should include the most recent death and injury data. In addition all training videos or DVDs should include this information. While we support providing consumers with death and injury data at the time of purchasing the ATV, we are concerned that it may become yet
another piece of paper that they glance at and sign as they are purchasing their new ATV.
The rule should require that the ATV dealer verbally indicate the existence of this form and its content before the sale is completed.
The safety warnings on labels and hang tags will be used to communicate safety information to consumers. This is merely a perpetuation of the same failed components of
the Letters of Undertaking. This relies upon the premise that consumers are actually aware of the warned against behaviors as advertised on warning labels of ATVs. Unfortunately, CPSC staff failed to analyze important data which proves that the contrary is true.
In looking at CPSC and the ATV industry's survey of people injured on ATVs, CFA analyzed the Injury Special Study Raw Data Files for 1997 and 2001, which were provided as Attachment 2 to CPSC's response to FOlA request from CFA, dated February 11,2003, for 1997 and 200 1, and it is clear that only a small percentage of the public is aware of the recommended size limitation for child operation. Only 13 percent of the injured ATV riders who responded to the CPSC's special survey of a representative sample of those injured in ATV accidents, were aware of a warning label about vehicle size for children under 12 and only 38 percent were aware of a warning label for children under 16. Thus, the conclusion in the rule is vastly incorrect when it assumes that the public is aware of the warning messages and falls short when it recommends the same flawed approach. While the disclosure statement warning consumers about the possible consequences of riding A T V ~ better than the status quo, is it is insufficient, alone, to significantly decrease ATV deaths and injuries.
7. Lateral Stabilitvl Pitch Stabilitv
The inherent instability of ATVs is a serious problem that this rule fails to address. CPSC examined incidence from CPSC's 2001 injury study and found that 45 percent of injuries occurred in incidents in which an ATV overturned. This rule must include a
lateral stability test and improve the pitch stability equation by requiring a higher pitch stability coefficient or the current pitch stability computation should be abandoned. The pitch stability coefficient is made without the weight of a rider, which will have a dramatic effect on the center of gravity and, therefore, the pitch coefficient. A better approach is to include a lateral stability test which would include a static and dynamic rollover test, such as the test the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) uses for motor vehicles, and a comparative analysis of vehicle performance. It is dire that an effective test method for lateral stability be developed and set forth in this rule.
8. Seat Belts should be Standard
All ATVS should be equipped with seat belts and standards should'be set forth that would create a minimum standard for seat belt integrity.
9. Roll Cage Required
This rule should include a provision that requires all ATVs to be equipped with a roll cage to prevent the driver from being crushed by the weight of the vehicle in the event of a rollover. The rule should set forth the necessary dimensions and should provide for a standard setting a minimum force and weight that the roll cage can withstand.
This rule should provide that all ATVs be equipped with headlights that automatically turn on when the engine is started. This would improve visibility by other vehicles.
11. Require Helmet Sold with ATV CPSC should require that helmets, that meet safety standards, are sold with ATVs to improve the likelihood of consumer use.
12. Fi-ee Training We support the training provision of the Commission's proposed rule which would require manufacturers to provide free hands on ATV training for operators and all riders of ATVs. The addition of the "course accessibility" requirement for training is laudable; however, the Commission should provide guidelines for what "reasonable time from the date of purchase" and "reasonable distance from the place of purchase" mean. We also urge the Commission to monitor the training sessions to ensure that the courses are substantively appropriate and compliant.
13. Recalled ATVs Highlight Need for Standards to Address Many Types of Failures
CFA provided CPSC with its November of 2005, CFA analysis1' all ATV recalls conducted by CPSC which appeared on CPSC's web site.12 Our goal was to determine
whether there were any pervasive hazards appearing among recalled ATVs. The hazard
posed by over a majority of recalled ATVs is severe-- leading to the potential for a loss of control, serious injury or death. The seriousness of the potential hazard requires a critical look at the pervasive causes of ATV recalls and the serious consideration of solutions that
CFA was assisted in this effort by an engineer who works for Consumers' Union, publisher of Consumer Reports Magazine. This engineer helped to categorize the failure type, system failure and type of hazard. l 2 htt~:i/~.~~w.cp~c.go~~/cei-binirecal Idb!~rodl>r.iisp
will solve some of these problems. CFA is unaware of any other category of recalled products which could, in such large percentages, lead to such life threatening hazards. CPSC's response to our analysis was that, "these particular recalls were virtually all manufacturing or quality control issues at the component level. They do not suggest the
., CPSC need for changes in the design of these c ~ m ~ o n e n t s . " ' ~ has not provided any facts,
any theories, or any evidence to support this response. These pervasive problems could be solved by adequate standards however CPSC has chosen to ignore these issues. 14. Actual Size, Speed and Power of ATVs-Unchecked CPSC has documented that ATVs have gotten larger, faster and more powerful since they were first introduced into the market. CPSC has also documented that higher risks are associated with larger engine sizes. However, CPSC is ignoring this critical fact and doing nothing to potentially curb the ever increasing size, power and risk of ATVs. CPSC should not be silent on this issue.
Each and every year, more and more people, especially children, get killed or injured as they ride ATVs. The current voluntary approach to safety has allowed these deaths and injuries to not only continue but also to increase. Every year, more and more families have to deal with the loss of loved ones, caring for a severely injured family member as well as the vast costs of medical care all caused by riding ATVs. Unfortunately, the thrust of CPSC's proposed rule not only incorrectly touts the success of the voluntary standards but also recommends a continuation of the current voluntary regime. Thus,
CPSC Staff Response Regarding Follow-Up Questions from Commissioner Moore after the June 15, 2006 ATV Safety Review Briefing, July 11,2006, page 10.
CFA is vastly disappointed that the proposed rule does not chart a bolder course of action for CPSC that would reduce deaths and injuries associated with these vehicles.
Rachel Weintraub Director of Product Safety and Senior Counsel Consumer Federation of America
Michael Phillips [motorfisherl @msn.com] Saturday, October 07, 2006 12:28 AM Stevenson, Todd A.
Subject: An/ Safety Program
The one thing our federal government could add to this program to TRULY emphasize ATV safety would be t o open more federal land t o ATV use and encourage state governments t o promote the same effort on state land. The lack of safe areas to ride is also a major contributors t o ATV related accidents and it desperately needs t o be addressed.
Thank You For Your Consideration and Efforts Mike Phillips Burlington, Vermont
From: Sent: To : Daughn Quinlivan [jdjquin5@verizon.net] Tuesday, January 09,2007 8:32 PM Stevenson, Todd A.
Subject: An/ Safety
Dear Sir, I am writing you this message to urge you to take seriously the upcoming regulations in regard to ATVs. In August 2004 my son died at the age of 13 in an ATV accident. Since then the void that has been created in our lives is something that can never be filled. The danger of these machines and the risk people take allowing there children to ride them can not be minimized. My own lack of knowledge of the dangers and the error in judgement on my part to allow my son to ride what I assumed was a safe machine will haunt me every day for as long as I live. You have the power to make a change in the laws to prevent any more parents from making the same tragic decision that I made.Please review and change the requirements on informing the public of the real dangers to children on ATVS. It is too late for my family but you can make it a safer world for the thousands of families that will suffer the same as we have.Look into your own hearts and think of your own children and their safety.It is our right to live safely and it is your duty to ensure it.. Thank you for your time. Joseph Quinlivan
Lernermichelle@aol.com Friday, January 12,2007 1241 PM Stevenson, Todd A.
Subject: [Possibly SPAM (k): ] - A N NPR - Found word(s) free adult risk free in the Text body
Office of the Secretary U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4408 Re: A N NPR This letter concerns the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's August 10, 2006, Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPR) on AN'S. I am encouraged that the CPSC has decided to propose legislation. The staggering and growing number of serious injuries and deaths each year, well over a hundred thousand now for many years, is certainly a very sad and compelling setting. One that demands action beyond the obviously ineffective voluntary standards, many of which have been in place since 1998. So with regard to several key elements in the proposed legislation, I herein now offer my comments and suggestions.
Concerning the proposal that adult and vouth ATVs meet specific mechanical and performance ~irements:
I support the aspect of the proposal that would require all manufacturers, both domestic and imported, meet the same standards. The rationale outlined by the CPSC in this regard is sound. I support the mechanical requirement that the youth A N s have speed limiting devices and automatic transmissions. I do not support the proposal that youth A N s not have a front head light. Recognizing that the CPSC has deduced a connection between youth accidents and driving after dark, I do not believe that eliminating the front head light will be an effective deterrent to driving these vehicles after dark and moreover, without a head light, it could likely result in more accidents due to reduced visibility both to the driver of the vehicle and in being seen by other proximate or approaching vehicles. I strongly oppose the aspects of the proposed legislation availing changes to the frame design or eliminating engine size restrictions on youth A N s . While the CPSC has cited better traction (in respect of engine size) and a better physical fit to the rider (in respect of frame size) as arguments for deviating from the current voluntary standards, the CPSC has not performed a study that would support the conclusion that this will be an effective way to' reduce the number of serious injuries and deaths. Paradoxically, it has been the CPSC in the past that has shunned what would otherwise seem to be "common sense" suggestions on A N safety made by outside concerned parties for that very same reason, no study or supporting data. Quite frankly, there are several common sense arguments against what the CPSC is proposing in that more powerful machines with likely larger and heavier frames will actually further contribute to the severity of injuries in an accident as a result of additional speed andlor weight. And the CPSC is clearly well aware that many of the serious injuries and deaths with A N s result from the crushing weight of the machine striking or resting on top of the rider.
Concerning the proposal r e q w a Risk Disclosure Statement and Aae Acknowledgement Form to be provided to purchasers of both adult and youth ATVs, I strongly support dl1 elements of this proposal including that such disclosures be done in advance of the purchase, that such forms be signed by the purchaser, and that the forms be maintained by the dealer for a period of five years.
I would like to offer three comments/suggestions concerning these proposed forms. 1. concer"ing the idea that these forms will be provided to the prospective purchaser in advance of any sale, it will be important to more specifically delineate within the regulation the timing and protocol surrounding the notion of being done "in advance". If the form is delivered in the midst of, or even at the back end of the various forms and documents that are part of a typical sale transaction, then the intent of this proposed legislation will have largely been defeated. Sequencing is critical here. Many consumers will no doubt feel pressure, if even unsaid, to simply just finalize a transaction having just spent considerable time with a sales representative. But the information in these forms is critical, vitally critical, to making an informed purchase. Thus, these disclosure forms should be required to be served up FIRST, at the very outset of any paperwork, and signed by the consumer before any other purchase documents are tendered to the consumer in connection with the sale.
2. Also in connection with achieving the intent of the proposed forms, they must have all relevant content and
be presented in a truly effective manner. Generally speaking, much of the general public is not inclined to thorough, detailed reading. Consequently, it will be of the utmost importance that these forms effectively communicate the intended messaging as quickly as possible. Therefore, I strongly recommend the CPSC seek additional input from one or morequalified sources in this area, most likely marketing and advertising professionals.
3. Because the information being provided to the purchaser is so important, I think it is imperative that the purchaser of the An/ also receive a copy of the Risk and Age Disclosure forms they signed. To have that document,can serve not only as a reminder to the purchaser, but it can also be a way to inform a spouse or child .who was not with the purchaser at the time of purchase.
Concerning the proposal entitling free training to the purchaser of an ATV and each of his or her immediate familv members, I support the proposal from the perspective that, the more people receiving training the better. Overall though, I believe what the CPSC has proposed in the area of training falls well short of doing anything effective and that a huge opportunity to save lives is being missed. The CPSC staff, the manufacturers and dealers are well aware that for years free training has been offered and that far less than 10% of An/ users ever takes formal training. Training that is strongly recommended by all of the aforementioned parties, training that is vital to learning how to control an An/ with measured strength and split second reaction times under difficult settings, and training which the CPSC has indicated could likely reduce deaths and injuries by as much as 50%! And yet, the proposed legislation in no way addresses the reasons why people are not taking the training or offering a solution for that. What the CPSC has proposed is largely just a carry forward of the same ineffective measures within the voluntary standards. I want to strongly encourage the CPSC to reconsider its proposal regarding training and to minimally make it mandatory for anyone purchasing an adult An/ and who acknowledges having children under the age of 16 in their household to evidence that both the adult purchasing the An/ and his or her child (or children) have received the industry approved training in advance of the purchase. This should also be mandatory for anyone purchasing a youth An/. Concerning the proposal requiring safety warnings by way of hang tags. labels. a safetv video and the owner instruction manual, I fully support the proposal and any opportunities to inform and warn An/ owners and operators of the serious risks of iqjury and death. As mentioned earlier however, to accomplish the intentions of the proposed legislation requires quick and effective communication within these purviews and so I again recommend that the CPSC seek external, professional consultation from one or more parties to ensure that the location, content, and readability of all these elements manifest in the most effective communication possible. Concerning the proposal to now legallv ban three-wheel ATVs, I fully support such a ban. concerning the CPSCs proposal to enqaae non-reaulatory actions to enhance awareness and ATV
safety, I fully support all approaches within the two suggested phases.
Finally, I'd like to offer four additional suggestions for the CPSC to consider as it finalizes its intentions for legislation: 1.. The CPSC has acknowledged that lateral stability is a key consideration and has oftentimes been a
contributing factor in numerous ATV accidents and deaths. This has been known for decades yet sadly, neither the manufacturers nor the CPSC appear to have done much in its study no less making suggestions for change and improvement. This is a very serious matter that has not been taken seriously at all. So whether promulgated through this legislation or through non-regulatory means, the CPSC needs to get the manufacturers and industry firmly committed to conducting a comprehensive study on lateral stability with a stated deadline for making recommendations on how to improve it. Key manufacturers in the auto industry have embraced the importance to safety of lateral stability, they funded the research, made improvements, and even now the front runners have gained a very favorable competitive edge because of their commitment to protecting drivers and passengers. The ATV industry should do the same and if not voluntarily, then the CPSC should do all it can to force that upon them.
2. Concerning the more general issue of informing the public about the serious risks of death and injury from ATV operation, I recommend that the dealerships be required to disclose the statistical and other information that is to be included on the proposed Risk Disclosure Form on a board or other posting, in full view, inside of the dealerships. It is my understanding that there was a similar requirement in connection with the 1988 Consent Decree and it makes very good sense. There is no valid reason why a prospective purchaser should have to wait until the commencement of the sale paperwork to become informed of such information and risks.
3. It is has been acknowledged that getting approved training, locationally speaking, has been and continues to be a considerable challenge. Nothing in this proposed legislation appears to address or suggest solutions to this problem however, I would like to suggest that the CPSC collaborate with industry representatives and other concerned parties to consider and investigate the Internet as an alternative means for gettirlg ATV operators some training. There is certainly a great deal of training that occurs over the internet every day, and while this medium cannot provide the very important training component of hands-on driving, there are certainly elements of the currently approved training that are of an information nature that might be provided on-line, perhaps in an interactive manner that ensures the trainee is receiving and responding to the information being provided. Such an on-line training course could even have testing within with a certification upon successful completion.
4. Finally, none of the proposed legislation addresses the growing market of ATV renters. This is a burgeoning
market, particular as people take vacations in recreational areas that would seem to lend themselves to riding an ATV. And just as the CPSC has deemed it important to provide Risk and Age Disclosure Forms to prospective purchasers of ATVs, it is certainly no less important that renters of ATVs be advised of the same information and risks. Actually, these renters are probably more likely first-time and/or one-time users and for that reason, with likely little if any experience or knowledge of ATVs, they are probably in even greater danger of getting into a serious accident. So to this end, I strongly recommend that the CPSC do whatever it can legislatively to ensure that such disclosures are made to renters as well. And if something cannot be done mandatorily, then the CPSC should use whatever influence it can through non-legislative measures to get the manufacturers and dealers to voluntarily embrace such a requirement. If the industry refused, that would certainly be telling. Thank you for providirlg the opportunity to provide comment on the ATV NPR. The CPSC, in seemingly perfect concert with its mission statement of protecting the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death, is right to propose mandatory, legally binding legislation. Much of the general public is largely unaware of the serious and oftentimes deadly risks associated with ATV use and the CPSC is at a profound point in its history to do what it must - to inform, protect, and save lives. Sincerely, Michelle Lerner, Esq. 66 River Rd. Flanders. IVJ 07836
Raymond Turner [rturner@commspeed.net] Monday, January 15,2007 7:43 PM Stevenson, Todd A. Raymond Turner
Subject: A N
A NA N S I have been in this buisness sence the very firs one was mad from a ATC in the right hands avery usfull too , But when the state licences a vehicle that has tires that state NOT FOR HIGHWAY USE. wat do you excpect I see people rideing whit there small children or young pepole 2 3 at atime and I wounder did the dealer explane to them . did he give the proper trainning course?
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