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1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC Edition Sound system equipment Part 7: Headphones and earphones INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION PRICE CODE X ICS ISBN Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
2 IEC:2010(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Classification, designation and coding Marking of terminals, controls and polarity User instructions Conditions for specifications and measurements Rated conditions Standard conditions for measurement Couplers and ear simulators Measurement conditions for simulated programme signal Loudness comparison conditions General Free-field comparison conditions Diffuse-field comparison conditions Ear canal sound pressure level measurement conditions Characteristics to be specified and their methods of measurement Power supply Electrical impedance Rated impedance Impedance/frequency characteristic Rated source impedance Input voltage Rated source e.m.f Limiting values of input voltage Characteristic voltage Simulated programme signal characteristic voltage Simulated programme signal characteristic voltage corrected by A-weighting characteristics and free-field response compensation Protective devices Input power Sound pressure (level) General Characteristics to be specified Method of measurement Frequency response General Coupler or ear simulator (including HATS) frequency response Free-field comparison frequency response Diffuse-field comparison frequency response Free-field and diffuse-field ear canal sound pressure level frequency responses Rated frequency range Amplitude non-linearity General...27
3 IEC:2010(E) Harmonic distortion Modulation distortion Difference-frequency distortion Rated climatic conditions External electric and/or magnetic field Characteristics to be specified Method of measurement Unwanted sound radiation Characteristic to be specified Method of measurement Sound attenuation Characteristic to be specified Method of measurement Crosstalk attenuation for multi-channel headphones Characteristic to be specified Method of measurement Application force Characteristic to be specified Method of measurement Physical characteristics, cables and connectors Characteristics to be specified Classification of characteristics...32 Annex A (normative) Pinna simulators for measurements of headphones and earphones...33 Annex B (normative) Specification and conditions of use of a microphone for use inside the ear canal...42 Annex C (informative) Practical details of free-field comparison conditions...43 Annex D (informative) Practical details of diffuse-field comparison conditions...44 Annex E (informative) Practical details of the subjective comparison and ear canal sound pressure level conditions...45 Bibliography...46 Figure 1 Diagrammatic horizontal sections showing types of earphones and their spatial relationships with the pinna and/or canal entrance...11 Figure 2 Diagrams showing the four possible construction: acoustically open or closed, and closed- or open-back...13 Figure 3 Illustrated measurement diagram by simulated programme signal...16 Figure A.1 Shape of the recommended pinna simulator...34 Figure A.2 Coordinate for the recommended pinna simulator...35 Figure A.3 Cross-sectional shapes and dimensions of the recommended pinna simulator, horizontal section...38 Figure A.4 Cross-sectional shapes and dimensions of the recommended pinna simulator, vertical section Table 1 Classification of characteristics...32
4 IEC:2010(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT Part 7: Headphones and earphones FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as IEC Publication(s) ). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC has been prepared by IEC technical committee TC 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1996, and constitutes a technical revision. This edition contains the following changes: clause/subclause renumbering in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2; addition of a measurement system using HATS; addition of details on pinna simulators for high measurement reproducibility, see Annex A.
5 IEC:2010(E) 5 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS 100/1621/FDIS Report on voting 100/1641/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of IEC series, published under the general title Sound system equipment, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under " in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
6 IEC:2010(E) SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT Part 7: Headphones and earphones 1 Scope This part of IEC 60268, is applicable to headphones, headsets, earphones and earsets, intended to be used on, or in, the human ear. It also applies to equipment, such as pre-amplifiers, passive networks and power supplies which form an integral part of the headphone system. It does not deal with: a) safety, for which reference should be made to IEC or another appropriate standard; b) the characteristics of microphones of headsets, for which reference should be made to IEC ; c) earphones and other devices for hearing aids, for which reference should be made to IEC ; d) headphones for audiometry; e) headphones and other devices which form part of an active ear-defender system, although some of its provisions may be applicable. This standard specifies the characteristics which should be included by the manufacturer in specifications, and relevant methods of measurement. It includes a classification of the different types of earphone, mainly characterized by the way in which the transducer is coupled acoustically to the ear, and a classification code which may also be used for marking. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages IEC 60050(801):1994, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 801: Acoustics and electroacoustics IEC , Environmental testing Part 1: General and guidance IEC , Primary batteries Part 1: General IEC Guide 106, Guide for specifying environmental conditions for equipment performance rating IEC 60263, Scales and sizes for plotting frequency characteristics and polar diagrams IEC , Sound system equipment Part 1: General IEC , Sound system equipment Part 2: Explanation of general terms and calculation methods
7 IEC:2010(E) 7 IEC , Sound system equipment Part 11: Application of connectors for the interconnection of sound system components IEC , Sound system equipment Part 12: Application of connectors for broadcast and similar use IEC 60711, Occluded-ear simulator for the measurement of earphones coupled to the ear by ear inserts 1 IEC TR 60959, Provisional head and torso simulator for acoustic measurements on air conduction hearing aids 2 IEC , Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications ISO 3741, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure Precision methods for reverberation rooms ISO , Acoustics Hearing protectors Part 1: Subjective method for the measurement of sound attenuation ISO , Acoustics Hearing protectors Part 3: Measurement of insertion loss of ear-muff type protectors using an acoustic test fixture ISO , Rubber, vulcanized and thermoplastic Determination of indentation hardness Part 1: Durometer method (Shore hardness) 1 This publication will be replaced by future IEC (to be published). 2 This publication is planned to be replaced by future IEC (under consideration).