Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5874885?dq=4316055
Timestamp: 2017-01-19 10:03:27
Document Index: 504350265

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 07', 'Application No. 07', 'Application No. 07', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08']

Patent US5874885 - Electrical devices containing conductive polymers - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn electrical device (1) in which an element (7) composed of a conductive polymer is positioned in contact with the surface layer of one or more metal electrodes (3,5). The metal electrode contains a base layer (9) which comprises a first metal, an intermediate metal layer (15) which comprises a metal...http://www.google.com/patents/US5874885?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5874885 - Electrical devices containing conductive polymersAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5874885 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/750,294PCT numberPCT/US1995/007888Publication dateFeb 23, 1999Filing dateJun 7, 1995Priority dateJun 8, 1994Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2192363A1, CA2192363C, CN1078381C, CN1149928A, DE69513656D1, DE69513656T2, DE69533562D1, DE69533562T2, EP0764333A1, EP0764333B1, EP0952590A2, EP0952590A3, EP0952590B1, US6570483, WO1995034081A1Publication number08750294, 750294, PCT/1995/7888, PCT/US/1995/007888, PCT/US/1995/07888, PCT/US/95/007888, PCT/US/95/07888, PCT/US1995/007888, PCT/US1995/07888, PCT/US1995007888, PCT/US199507888, PCT/US95/007888, PCT/US95/07888, PCT/US95007888, PCT/US9507888, US 5874885 A, US 5874885A, US-A-5874885, US5874885 A, US5874885AInventorsDaniel A. Chandler, Martin Matthiesen, Derek Leong, Matthew P. GallaOriginal AssigneeRaychem CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (40), Non-Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (55), Classifications (13), Legal Events (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElectrical devices containing conductive polymers
Electrical devices of the invention are prepared from an element composed of a conductive polymer composition. The conductive polymer composition is one in which a particulate conductive filler is dispersed or distributed in a polymeric component. The composition generally exhibits positive temperature coefficient (PTC) behavior, i.e. it shows a sharp increase in resistivity with temperature over a relatively small temperature range, although for some applications, the composition may exhibit zero temperature coefficient (ZTC) behavior. In this specification, the term "PTC" is used to mean a composition or device which has an R14 value of at least 2.5 and/or an R100 value of at least 10, and it is preferred that the composition or device should have an R30 value of at least 6, where R14 is the ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of a 14° C. range, R100 is the ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of a 100° C. range, and R30 is the ratio of the resistivities, at the end and the beginning of a 30° C. range. Generally the compositions used in devices of the invention which exhibit PTC behavior show increases in resistivity which are much greater than those minimum values.
One measurement of the adequacy of attachment of the metal electrode to the conductive polymer composition is by peel strength. Peel strength, as described below, is measured by clamping one end of a sample in the jaw of a testing apparatus and then peeling the foil, at a constant rate of 127 mm/minute (5 inches/minute) and at an angle of 90°, i.e. perpendicular to the surface of the sample. The amount of force in pounds/linear inch required to remove the foil from the conductive polymer is recorded. It is preferred that the electrode have a peel strength of at least 3.0 pli, preferably at least 3.5 pli, particularly at least 4.0 pli, when attached to the conductive polymer composition.
TABLE II______________________________________Metal Foil CharacteristicsFoil Type   1       2       3     4     5______________________________________Name                N2PO    Type 31                             Type 28                                   Type 31Lot number  --      --      3 × 291                             --    35191-2Supplier    Fukuda  Gould   Fukuda                             Fukuda                                   FukudaBase Layer  Ni      Cu      Cu    Cu    CuIntermediate Layer       --      Cu      Ni    Ni    NiSurface Layer       Ni      Ni      Ni    Ni    NiNodule Type Ni      Cu      Ni    Ni    NiRa     --      2.0     1.6   1.25  1.9Rd     --      0.65    0.90  0.76  0.81______________________________________
The extruded sheet was laminated to the metal foil either by compression-molding (C) in a press or by nip-lamination (N). In the compression-molding process, the extruded sheet was cut into pieces with dimensions of 0.30×0.41 m (12×16 inch) and was sandwiched between two pieces of foil. Pressure absorbing silicone sheets were positioned over the foil and the foil was attached by heating in the press at 175° C. for 5.5 minutes at 188 psi and cooling at 25° C. for 6 minutes at 188 psi to form a plaque. In the nip-lamination procedure, the extruded sheet was laminated between two foil layers at a set temperature of 177° to 198° C. (350° to 390° F.). The laminate was cut into plaques with dimensions of 0.30×0.41 m (12×16 inch). Plaques made by both processes were irradiated to 10 Mrad using a 3.5 MeV electron beam. Individual devices were cut from the irradiated plaques. For the trip endurance and cycle life tests, the devices were circular disks with an outer diameter of 13.6 mm (0.537 inch) and an inner diameter of 4.4 mm (0.172 inch). For the humidity test, the devices had dimensions of 12.7×12.7 mm (0.5×0.5 inch). Each device was temperature cycled from -40 to +80° C. six times, holding the device at each temperature for 30 minutes.
After measuring the initial resistance Ri at 25° C., devices were inserted into an oven maintained at 85° C. and 85% humidity. Periodically, the devices were removed from the oven, cooled to 25° C., and the final resistance Rf was measured. The ratio of Rf /Ri was then determined.
TABLE III______________________________________Example 1       2      3     4    5     6    7______________________________________Composition   A       A      A     A    B     B    BFoil Type   1       2      3     4    5     3    2Preparation   C       C      N     C    N     N    NPeel (pli)                        5          3Trip Endurance (Rf /Ri after hours at 15 VDC) 24     3.75                      2.41       1.90 48     4.45                      2.65       1.76112                    5.2              2.68500                    23.7             3.71Cycle Life (Rf /Ri after cycles at 15 VDC/50 A) 500    1.69           1.41       1.77  1.34 1.541000    1.92           1.62       2.25  1.65 1.7515002500Humidity (Rf /Ri after hours at 85° C./85%)* 500            1.05   1.02             1.14 0.94 700                         1.821000    0.91    1.30   1.03       1.54  1.19 0.951100                         3.742000            2.652500    1.04                      1.86       0.94______________________________________ *Example 2 was tested at 85° C./90% humidity.
TABLE IV______________________________________Example         8       9______________________________________Foil Type       2       3Peel (pli)      1.8-3.0 4.0-5.0Trip Endurance (Rf /Ri after hours at 15 VDC) 28             1.86    1.74 195            2.65    2.561128            7.61    6.40Cycle Life (Rf /Ri after cycles at 15 VDC/50 A)1500            1.66    1.452500            2.38    1.823500            2.70    1.14Aging data after 3500 cycles/3 months at 25° C.(Rf /Ri after hours at 100° C.) 24             1.06    0.87 72             1.20    0.91120             1.19    0.90600             1.32    1.03Humidity (Rf /Ri after hours at 85° C./85%)500             0.92    0.92Humidity data after 3500 cycles/3 months at 25° C.(Rf /Ri after hours at 85° C./85%) 24             0.89    0.81 72             0.92    0.79120             0.91    0.75600             1.26    0.82______________________________________
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