Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7065345?dq=821,393
Timestamp: 2017-08-20 12:41:24
Document Index: 169211917

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 15', 'art 15', 'art 15', 'art 15', 'art 27', 'art 28', 'art 28', 'arts 27', 'art 27', 'art 30', 'art 28', 'art 29', 'art 27', 'art 30', 'art 29', 'art 28']

Patent US7065345 - Data processing apparatus and method for correlation analysis - Google Patents
A data processing apparatus, a method and computer program product for comparing a first object associated with said data processing apparatus with a second object associated with a remote data processing apparatus, are provided. The data processing apparatus comprises an input device operable to accept...http://www.google.com/patents/US7065345?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7065345 - Data processing apparatus and method for correlation analysis
Publication number US7065345 B2
Application number US 10/125,404
Also published as EP1546953A1, US20030199250, WO2003090141A2
Publication number 10125404, 125404, US 7065345 B2, US 7065345B2, US-B2-7065345, US7065345 B2, US7065345B2
Inventors Stephen J. Carlton, Olle Bliding, Jonas Runesson, Anna Emanuelsson, Lars Knutsson, Joan C. Pritchett
Original Assignee Stephen J. Carlton
Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (55), Classifications (19), Legal Events (8)
Data processing apparatus and method for correlation analysis
US 7065345 B2
A data processing apparatus, a method and computer program product for comparing a first object associated with said data processing apparatus with a second object associated with a remote data processing apparatus, are provided. The data processing apparatus comprises an input device operable to accept a first and a second set of data associated with said first object. Said first set of data describes said first object, and said second set of data describes a third object. Additionally, the data processing apparatus includes a memory. Said memory is adapted to store said first and said second set of data. The data processing apparatus further comprises a receiver. Said receiver is adapted to obtain a first subset of a third and a fourth set of data, respectively, from said remote data processing apparatus. Said third and said fourth set of data is associated with said second object, and said third set of data describes said second object, and said fourth set of data describes a fourth object. It also includes a transmitter. Said transmitter is adapted to send a first subset of said first and said second set of data, respectively, to said remote data processing apparatus. Finally, the data processing apparatus comprises a processor. The processor is adapted to perform correlation analysis between said first subsets of said first and said fourth set of data, respectively, to obtain a first value of correlation between said first and said second object. The processor is further adapted to perform correlation analysis between said first subsets of said second and said third set of data, respectively, to obtain a second value of correlation between said first and said second object.
The present invention relates to a data processing apparatus, a method and a computer program product for comparing a first object, associated with said data processing apparatus, with a second object, associated with a remote data processing apparatus.
There are many areas within which it is desirable to perform correlation analysis between sets of data to find out whether two or more objects match or not. One example of such an area is dating, where there are two objects in the form of two persons, one set of data being information associated with one of the two persons, and another set of data being information associated with the other one of them. Information will be exchanged between the two persons, they will both perform a correlation analysis between their own information and the received information, and then usually they will have a feeling whether there is a match between them or not. Depending on the dating situation, the exchange of information will be performed in different ways. For example, in one situation one of the above persons has inserted a personal advertisement in a newspaper or on the internet, and the other person has replied to it. The exchange of information is then usually made by writing letters or e-mails. Another example is the situation where the two persons meet in a coffee shop or a nightclub. The exchange of information is then simply made by talking.
From U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,937 to Rackman, a personal contact “Ice Breaker” is known. One type of contact badges are distributed to the boys in a group and one type to the girls in the group. All badges are provided with a light that can blink, and opposite badges in proximity with each other transmit and receive contact signals. If the lights on two badges blink at the same time, the carriers of the badges should start talking to each other. Whether this happens or not is based on probability and the blinking is therefore no indication of an actual match between the carriers.
In view of the above, a purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution to the problems concerned with prior art.
The basic concept of the invention is to provide two sets of data for each of the two objects, one set describing the object itself, and the other set describing a desired object. Correlation analysis is performed between the objects by “crosswise” comparison of their sets of data, i.e., for each object, the set of data describing the object itself is compared with the set of data describing the desired object for the other object. Thus, not all data for one of the objects will be exposed to the other object. In this way, sensitive data describing the objects themselves will be protected.
According to one embodiment of the present invention the second subsets of the respective sets of data contain no data, i.e. the second subsets are all “empty”. Then, the first subsets of the respective sets of data will contain all the data, i.e. the data in the respective sets of data will actually be the data in the respective first subsets. In that case, the correlation analysis will be terminated after the determination of the first and the second value of correlation. The third value of correlation will then be set equal to one if the first and the second value of correlation both meet or exceed the first and the second threshold value, respectively, and equal to zero if not.
According to another embodiment of the present invention the first subsets of the respective sets of data contain no data, i.e. the first subsets are all “empty”. Then, the second subsets of the respective sets of data will contain all the data, i.e. the data in the respective sets of data will actually be the data in the respective second subsets. In that case the first and second values of correlation will both be set equal to one, and the correlation analysis will instead begin with the part previously referred to as the continuation of the correlation analysis.
The radio frequency communication is preferably in accordance with the Bluetooth™ specification, by means of which the data processing apparatus can be given a range of approximately 10–100 m. Also, radio communication is preferred since it is insensitive to direction, i.e. two apparatuses do not need to be in each others' direct line-of-sight in order to be able to communicate, and relatively insensitive to interference in its frequency band.
FIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 1 c is a perspective view, a top view and a side view, respectively, of a data processing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is block diagram describing the structure of the data processing apparatus according to FIGS. 1 a–1 c.
FIG. 3 shows examples of profile kits according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 a illustrates the information structure for two data processing apparatuses according to FIGS. 1 a–1 c.
FIG. 5 b shows the result of an exchange of information between the data processing apparatuses in FIG. 5 a.
FIG. 6 a illustrates correlation analysis in a first step.
FIG. 7 c illustrates determination of a result of correlation analysis between the two fictitious users in FIG. 7 b.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the method according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more in detail with reference to the accompanied drawings.
FIGS. 1 a–1 c show a data processing apparatus 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The data processing apparatus in this embodiment operates as a wireless portable mating/dating apparatus, assisting a person using the data processing apparatus in meeting other people with such data processing apparatuses. FIG. 2 is a block diagram corresponding to the data processing apparatus in FIGS. 1 a–1 c, schematically showing its components and illustrating its internal structure.
For the exchange of information between the data processing apparatus according to the present invention and a remote data processing apparatus, the data processing apparatus 1 comprises a transceiver 9. The transceiver 9 is in the preferred embodiment adapted for short-range radio communication in accordance with, e.g., the Bluetooth standard in the 2.4 GHz ISM band (“Industrial, Scientific and Medical”). Thus, the data processing apparatus 1 also has an antenna 10 for transmitting to, and receiving from, remote data processing apparatuses located within the range of the antenna 10, radio frequency signals defining the operating frequencies for the transceiver 9 and transceivers of remote data processing apparatuses, respectively. Preferably, the transceiver 9 and the antenna 10 have a range of approximately 10–100 m (328 ft.), although the range can vary due to environmental conditions.
In alternative embodiments the transceiver can instead be adapted for infrared communication (such as IrDA—“Infrared Data Association”), or essentially any other available standard for short-range communication between a hand-held apparatus and an external apparatus.
The selection of the antenna 10 will depend on the design of the casing 2 as well as its desired size, format and flexibility. In the preferred embodiment, an ICM antenna which fits to the inside of the casing is selected. The IMC antenna is available from gigaAnt, Ideon Science & Technology park, Ole Römers väg 16, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden. Alternatively, a Flavus/Crispus antenna from the same company may be used.
The CPU 13 is a Bluetooth baseband processor of type PBM99090/1, which is available from Ericsson Microelectronics AB. It uses a clock frequency derived from the radio clock signal and includes an ARM7 RISC (12–40 MHz), which provides adequate performance for the functionality of the apparatus 1. The baseband processor has a 64 KB internal RAM memory and handles communication protocols (Bluetooth embedded stack ver 1.00) as well as the higher-level functionality of the apparatus 1, as described throughout this document.
The display 4 is a 64×128 LCD module of type WD-G1206Y-1WNNa, which is available from Wintek Corporation, 427 North Sixth Street, Lafayette, Ind. 47901-1126, USA.
The buzzer 12 a is a MQT-03EX buzzer from Star Micronics Co., Ltd, 20–10, Nakayoshida, Shizuoka 422-8654, Japan.
In the memory 11, a number of customized profile kits 14 may be stored, see FIG. 3, each profile kit corresponding to an area of matchmaking, such as, for example, finding a date (“Dating”) or maybe a person with a certain competence on a conference (“Conference”). Each profile kit 14 preferably contains two profiles, one “Who I am”-profile 15 for the user of the data processing apparatus himself/herself, and one “Who I would like to meet”-profile 16 for the person the user wishes to find. Each of the two profiles 15, 16 in each of the profile kits 14 contains two parts, one “Must Match”-part 15 a, 16 a and one “Query”-part 15 b, 16 b.
Attached to each “Who I would like to meet”-profile 16 is a personal information tag 16 c. The personal information tag carries particulars about the user of the data processing apparatus, such as an address, a phone number, etc. For example, the particulars in the personal information tag for the Dating profile kit might be a description of clothing or a mobile phone number, whereas the particulars in the personal information tag for the Conference profile kit instead might be an email address or an internet address for a company's home page.
The profiles 15, 16 in a specific profile kit 14 each contain a number of information records 19. The number of records 19 in each of the two profiles 15, 16, is equal to the number of questions in the corresponding set of questions. Each record 19 in the profiles 15, 16, is to be completed with information, or more particularly, an answer to a respective one of the questions 18 in the set 17. As an example, each of the records 20 a, 20 b in the two profiles 15, 16 should be completed with an answer to the question 21, “Gender”. Thus, if the user is a man who wants to meet a woman, the record 20 a in the “Who I am”-profile 15 should be completed with the answer “Male”, and the record 20 b in the “Who I would like to meet”-profile 16 should be completed with the answer “Female”.
Since the profiles 15, 16 each contains two parts, one “Must Match”-part 15 a, 16 a, and one “Query”-part 15 b, 16 b, the questions 18 in the set 17 are divided into two groups, one group 17 a of “Must Match”-questions and one group 17 b of “Query”-questions. As the name implies, the “Must Match”-questions are of crucial nature. In the preferred embodiment, they must be completely fulfilled for two persons, for there to be any chance at all for a match between them. The “Query”-questions are of “less importance”. They do not need to be completely fulfilled for two persons, but fulfilled up to a certain level, for a match. As in the example with dating and FIG. 4, if a heterosexual man would like to meet a partner, the partner has to be a heterosexual or bisexual woman or there will be no match. Thus, “Gender” and “Sexual orientation” belongs to the group of “Must Match”-questions 17 a. However, if the man likes music and he would like to meet a partner who also likes music, there is a possibility for a match even with a partner who does not like music. Thus, “Listening to music” belongs to the group of “Query”-questions 17 b.
Associated with every record 19 in the profiles 15, 16 is a symbol 22 under which there is a number of possible answers to a question 18. The type of possible answers to a question depends on which group the question belongs to, i.e. if the question is a “Must Match”-question or a “Query”-question.
The possible answers to the “Query”-questions are expressions stating how much a quality or an activity agrees with someone's personal interests, like for instance the expressions “agree”, “don't care” and “disagree”. As an example, if the question concerns “Shopping” and the user loves shopping, the answer to the question in the profile 15 should, of course, be “agree”. If the user wants a partner who is also fond of shopping, the answer to the question in the profile 16 should also be “agree”. On the other hand, if the user does not care that much about the shopping interest of a potential partner, the answer to the question in the profile 16 could instead be “don't care”.
The possible answers to the “Must Match”-questions is a number of alternatives, the type of alternatives depending, of course, on the character of the question. This is illustrated below with reference to FIG. 7 a.
All users of a data processing apparatus 1 according to the present invention must personalize their data processing apparatuses by inputting the information described above. In the preferred embodiment, this is done by the questions, one by one, being shown on the display 4, and the user completing the profiles 15, 16 with answers, and the personal information tag 16 c, by operating the keys 6 and the joystick 6′. In the alternative embodiment with the software kit and the connector 7, and the external computer 8, the user instead views the questions on the computer screen and completes the profiles, and the personal information tag, by means of the computer keyboard. After completion, the information is being downloaded to the data processing apparatus 1 by means of the connector.
For the sake of simplicity, focus will be kept on the dating aspect of the data processing apparatus in the rest of this description. Thus, for the personalization, the user chooses the Dating profile kit among the stored profile kits 14 in the memory 11. He/she completes his/her “Who I am”-profile 15 about himself/herself with answers to the associated set of questions 17, by choosing at least one of the alternative answers to each question. In a corresponding way, he/she also completes his/her “Who I would like to meet”-profile 16 about the person he/she would like to meet. Finally, he/she completes the personal information tag 16 c with particulars about himself/herself.
In FIG. 5 a the entered information 23 in a first apparatus 24 (data processing apparatus) associated with a first user (first object) is shown schematically together with the entered information 25 in a second apparatus (remote data processing apparatus) associated with a second user (second object). The information 23 consists of a “Who I am”-profile 27 (first set of data) describing the first user, and a “Who I would like to meet”-profile 28 (second set of data) describing a third user (third object) that the first user would like to meet. In a corresponding way the information 25 consists of a “Who I am”-profile 29 (third set of data) describing the second user, and a “Who I would like to meet”-profile 30 (fourth set of data) describing a fourth user (fourth object) that the second user would like to meet. Thus, the first and the second users are actual, real-world persons, whereas the third and the fourth users are virtual, desired ones only. As described above, each of the profiles consists of a “Must Match”-part (first subset) 27 a, 28 a, 29 a and 30 a, and a “Query”-part (second subset) 27 b, 28 b, 29 b and 30 b. Additionally, a personal information tag 28 c, 30 c is attached to each of the “Who I would like to meet”-profiles 28 and 30.
Since the apparatuses are wireless, portable and relatively small, the first and the second user can carry her/his apparatus with her/him practically anywhere. The apparatuses operate without the user's explicit interaction. At regular time intervals, the length and the spacing of which can be chosen individually by the users, each of the first and second apparatuses transmits a radio frequency signal by means of its antenna. This so called inquiry is to be further discussed below with reference to FIG. 8. If the first and the second user come sufficiently close to each other, i.e. if the distance between them is less than the range of the antennas, the first and the second apparatus will receive each other's transmitted signal and thereby “discover” each other. Upon discovery, if certain circumstances are fulfilled, which circumstances will be discussed with reference to FIG. 8, the first and the second apparatus will exchange information according to the arrows 31, 32 in FIG. 5 a. The “Must Match”-part 27 a of the “Who I am”-profile 27, the “Must Match”-part 28 a and the “Query”-part 28 b of the “Who I would like to meet”-profile 28, and the personal information tag for the first apparatus 28 c, are transmitted to the second apparatus (arrow 31) and vice versa (arrow 32). Thus, the only information not exchanged between the first and the second apparatus upon discovery is the “Query”-parts 27 b, 29 b of the “Who I am”-profiles 27, 29. The result of the exchange can be seen in FIG. 5 b.
When the exchange of information is completed, correlation analysis between the information entered by the first and the second user will be performed. In FIGS. 6 a, 6 b the analysis is schematically illustrated. For the sake of clarity, the boxes representing the different parts of the information in FIGS. 6 a, 6 b have been provided with facts indicating: type of profile, user described and part of profile.
The first step of the correlation analysis concerns the “Must Match”-parts of the information and is illustrated in FIG. 6 a. The left part of the figure shows the analysis done in the first apparatus 24. The “Must Match”-part 27 a of the “Who I am”-profile 27 associated with the first user, which profile describes the first, actual user, is compared to the “Must Match”-part 30 a of the “Who I would like to meet”-profile 30 associated with the second user, which profile describes the fourth, desired user, and the result of the comparison is a first value of correlation, “cv1”. The first value of correlation, which is a number between 0 and 1, is simply a measure of how similar the first and the fourth user are regarding the “Must Match”-part. If the first value of correlation is 1, there is a complete match between the first and the fourth user regarding the “Must Match”-part. This means that the person that the second user would like to meet, i.e. the fourth user, so far actually is the first user. On the other hand, if the first value of correlation is 0, there is no match at all between the first and the fourth user regarding the “Must Match”-part. This means that the person that the second user would like to meet, i.e. the fourth user, is certainly not the first user. Then, by comparing the “Must Match”-part 28 a of the “Who I would like to meet”-profile 28 associated with the first user, which profile describes the third, desired user, with the “Must Match”-part 29 a of the “Who I am”-profile 29 associated with the second user, which profile describes the second, actual user, a second value of correlation, “cv2”, between 0 and 1 is obtained. In a corresponding way, a “cv2” equal to 1 means that the person that the first user would like to meet, i.e. the third user, so far actually is the second user, and a “CV2” equal to 0 means no match. The right part of FIG. 6 a shows the analysis done in the second apparatus 26. As apparent from the figure, the analysis and results in the second apparatus are the same as in the first apparatus.
The first and the second value of correlation are to be compared with a first and a second threshold value, respectively. If the first and second values of correlation meet or exceed the respective first and second threshold values, the first and second users match each other well enough regarding the “Must Match”-parts, then the correlation analysis proceeds with the second step. However, if the first and second values of correlation do not meet or exceed the respective first and second threshold values, then there is considered no match between the first and the second user and the correlation analysis is terminated. In the preferred embodiment, the first and second threshold values are both equal to 1. Thus, the requirement for continuing with the second part of the correlation analysis concerning the “Query”-parts of the information, is that the first and the second user match each other completely regarding the “Must Match”-parts.
The second analysis step is illustrated in FIG. 6 b. Again, the left part of the figure shows the analysis done in the first apparatus 24. The “Query”-part 27 b of the “Who I am”-profile 27 associated with the first user, which profile describes the first user, is compared to the “Query”-part 30 b of the “Who I would like to meet”-profile 30 associated with the second user, which profile describes the fourth user. The result of the comparison is a third value of correlation, “CV3”, between 0 and 1. The third value of correlation for the “Query”-parts corresponds to the first value of correlation for the “Must Match”-parts. In the right part of the figure the analysis in the second apparatus is illustrated. The “Query”-part 29 b of the “Who I am”-profile 29 associated with the second user, which profile describes the second user, is compared to the “Query”-part 28 b of the “Who I would like to meet”-profile 28 associated with the first user, which profile describes the third user. The result of the comparison is a fourth value of correlation, “CV4”, between 0 and 1. The fourth value of correlation for the “Query”-parts corresponds to the second value of correlation for the “Must Match”-parts.
According to alternative embodiments, the exchange of information is not made in one single step. It is also possible to perform the exchange in two or more steps. In one embodiment, the “Must Match”-parts are first exchanged, and the first and the second value of correlation are calculated. Then, only if the first and second values of correlation meet or exceed the first and second threshold values, respectively, which preferably both are 1, the second step of the exchange, i.e. the exchange of “Query”-parts, is performed. Then, only if the third and fourth values of correlation meet or exceed the third and fourth threshold values, respectively, the personal information tags are exchanged.
FIGS. 7 a–7 c illustrate an example of what a correlation analysis could look like. FIG. 7 a is a table of possible answers to the “Must Match”-questions shown in FIG. 4. Of course, these answers are just examples and they can be varied in numerous ways. FIG. 7 b corresponds to the left part of FIG. 5 b. It shows an example of what the information in the first apparatus 24 could look like after the exchange with the second apparatus 26. FIG. 7 c illustrates how the result of the correlation analysis between the first and the second user can be calculated.
In FIG. 7 b, the information boxes 27 a′, 27 b′, 28 a′, 28 b′, 29 a′, 30 a′ and 30 b′ correspond to 27 a, 27 b, 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 30 a and 30 b, respectively, in FIG. 5 b. The questions in the left part of FIG. 7 b are the questions used in FIG. 4, i.e. the questions associated with the Dating profile kit. As explained with reference to FIG. 4, group 17 a contains the “Must Match”-questions. The columns 33 a–38 a in FIG. 7 a contain the corresponding answers to each of these “Must Match”-questions, which are denoted 33 b–38 b. Thus, column 33 a contains answers to question 33 b and so on. Each answer corresponds to a number from 1 and upwards. Group 17 b contains the “Query”-questions as also explained with reference to FIG. 4. The corresponding possible answers to all of the “Query”-questions are in this example: “agree”, “don't care” and “disagree”. The default answer to all of the “Query”-questions is “don't care”, which means that if a user does not change an answer it will be “don't care”. In FIG. 7 b, each of the questions have been answered by a choice of one of the possible answers for that question, as can be seen in 27 a′–30 a′, 27 b′, 28 b′ and 30 b′. However, for the “Must Match”-questions and the “Who I would like to meet”-profile it is possible to choose more than one answer to each question. Like for instance, if the first user wants to meet a partner of the age 18–20, he/she could choose the answers corresponding to number 4, 5, and 6 in column 35 a. As another example, if the body type of a partner is unimportant to the first user, he/she could choose all the answers, i.e. the answers corresponding to number 1 to 11, in column 38 a.
In the preferred embodiment the “Age”-question 35 b is treated a little different from the rest of the questions regarding the “Who I am”-profile. When a user begins to use his/her apparatus he/she enters his/her date of birth into the apparatus. The age of the user will therefore automatically be completed in the in the “Who I am”-profile, and updated on the users birthday. This updating function can also be used with the “Age”-question 35 b regarding the “Who I would like to meet”-profile, For example, the user might be interested in meeting a partner who is two years older than himself/herself. Then, the age in the “Who I would like to meet”-profile can always be automatically updated with one year on the users birthday.
In FIG. 7 c, the result of the correlation analysis has been calculated. First, correlation analysis has been performed between the “Must Match”-parts as above described. Since 28 a′ equals 29 a′, and 27 a′ equals 30 a′, the first and the second value of correlation are both 1. As a result, correlation analysis has been performed also between the “Query”-parts as above described. The table 39 illustrates how this has been done. Each combination of two answers of the possible ones has been given a point −2, 0, 1 or 2, and a corresponding max point 0 or 2. The result for the correlation between 27 b′ and 30 b′ can be seen in column 40 in the right part of the FIG. 7 c, where also the maximum points are shown in column 41. The final result of the correlation analysis is the total point divided by the total max point, (8/12). As can be seen, the result in this example is 66.67%, i.e. the first user is to 66.67% who the second user would like to meet, which means that the third value of correlation is 0.6667. Now, if the previously discussed conditions are fulfilled, i.e. if the first high score list is not full or if the third value of correlation is high enough, the second personal information tag will be stored on the first high score list in the first apparatus. Additionally, depending on the third threshold value, which is set by the first user in this embodiment, the first apparatus will emit an alert and alert the first user to the match.
Further, the profiles and the sets of questions must not necessarily comprise one “Must Match”-part (group) and one “Query”-part (group). As a less preferable alternative, they could comprise only one part (group) of answers (questions) weighted with respect to their importance. In such an embodiment, answers (questions) concerning, for example, age, gender and sexual orientation should contribute more in the correlation analysis than answers (questions) concerning less important issues.
The number of different answers to a “Query”-question does not have to be three but can be any number. As an example, if the number is five, the possible answers could be “agree much”, “agree”, “don't care”, “disagree” and “disagree very much”.
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U.S. Classification 455/414.1, 455/414.2, 455/414.3, 455/500, 455/41.2, 455/41.1, 455/41.3
International Classification H04M3/42, H04B5/00, H04B7/00, H04M3/56, H04Q7/00, G08B5/36
Cooperative Classification H04M3/56, H04M3/42008, H04M2201/18, H04M3/42068, G08B2001/085
Owner name: CARLTON, STEPHEN J., NORTH CAROLINA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BLIDING, OLLE;RUNESSON, JONAS;EMANUELSSON, ANNA;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013076/0950;SIGNING DATES FROM 20020425 TO 20020502