Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7957401?dq=7,346,539
Timestamp: 2017-10-22 14:43:47
Document Index: 405303130

Matched Legal Cases: ['§119', 'application No. 60', 'arty 410', 'Application No. 03', '§ 1030', '§ 1030', 'Application No. 03763277']

Patent US7957401 - System and method for using multiple communication protocols in memory ... - Google Patents
A system and method for implementing large and/or multiple telecommunication protocols utilizing memory-limited processors. Telecommunication protocols are expressed as virtual machine instructions defining a finite state machine. A telecommunication protocol engine implements the telecommunication protocols...http://www.google.com/patents/US7957401?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7957401 - System and method for using multiple communication protocols in memory limited processors
Publication number US7957401 B2
Application number US 10/613,656
Also published as CA2494980A1, CA2494980C, EP1527561A1, EP1527561A4, US20040205777, US20110200184, WO2004006511A1
Publication number 10613656, 613656, US 7957401 B2, US 7957401B2, US-B2-7957401, US7957401 B2, US7957401B2
Inventors Anthony Zalenski, Albert Papp, III, John M. Cooney, Andre Milota, Darius Fredrick Mostaufi
Original Assignee Geos Communications, Inc.
Patent Citations (110), Non-Patent Citations (142), Referenced by (15), Classifications (13), Legal Events (12)
System and method for using multiple communication protocols in memory limited processors
US 7957401 B2
A system and method for implementing large and/or multiple telecommunication protocols utilizing memory-limited processors. Telecommunication protocols are expressed as virtual machine instructions defining a finite state machine. A telecommunication protocol engine implements the telecommunication protocols using a virtual machine operating under the control of a CPU. A telephony gateway comprising a telecommunication protocol engine interfaces with a communication device and a packet switched network. A network of telephony gateways communicating with a provider gateway facilitates communication over a packet switched network. A call placed by a calling telephony gateway to a receiving device on the same network or another network is routed according to a prefix in a telephone code sent by the calling telephony gateway.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) from provisional application No. 60/394,207 filed Jul. 5, 2002 and application Ser. No. 10/354,527 filed Jan. 30, 2003 both of which applications are incorporated by reference herein, in their entirety, for all purposes.
The present invention relates generally to implementation of telecommunication protocols. More particularly, the present invention relates to the implementation of large and/or multiple telecommunication protocols utilizing memory-limited processors.
Less than thirty years ago, the term “telecommunications” connoted making and receiving telephone calls over the public switched telephone network (PSTN) built by AT&T. Today, telecommunications means transporting data representing voice, video, text, and instructions over wired and wireless digital networks such as the Internet.
Within the PSTN telephony environment the equipment needed to support the telecommunications infrastructure was centralized at a telephone company “central office” so that Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) could be limited to simple telephones. The nature of modern digital networks is to decentralize many functions and capabilities thus requiring more complex CPE to provide access. However, subscribers expect newer digital telecommunications to be usable with the same ease as the traditional telephone and at low cost. This expectation dictates that the digital network interfaces and associated protocols be compact and unobtrusive, implemented inexpensively, and require little in the way of subscriber interaction.
An embodiment of the present invention is a telecommunications gateway that implements telecommunication protocols using a telecommunication protocol engine (TPE). Telecommunication protocols comprise multiple digital networking protocols (e.g., Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), H.323, DHCP, TCP/IP and STUN protocol) and telephony protocols. However, the present invention is not so limited. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, any protocol that facilitates telecommunications over digital networks (both between digital devices, a digital device and an analog device, and between analog devices) may be implemented by the TPE without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Another aspect of the present invention is an implementation of a (TPE) using is a “virtual machine” that executes instructions from flash memory.
A finite state machine (FSM) execution facility is implemented using virtual machine instructions located in the flash memory. The “state” of a given instance of a FSM is located in the RAM and accessed by the microprocessor. As the virtual machine executes instructions from the flash memory, it modifies the FSM state in RAM along with accessing other facilities of the microprocessor and other software resources.
An additional aspect of the present invention is the specification of a CPE Control Protocol that is implemented using the technique described above. This protocol specifies how an end user can control the behavior of the CPE using a standard telephone that may be connected directly to the CPE or accessing the CPE remotely by “calling” over either a VoIP or PSTN connection. This protocol allows the user to direct the CPE to place a local telephone to VoIP call; a local telephone to local PSTN call or a received VoIP call routed to the local PSTN based call. Additionally, this protocol allows the user to modify other operations of the CPE.
The CPE Control Protocol receives input from the user via the standard telephone touch-tone keypad. Specifically, the user enters a pound-sign (#), a sequence of digits or stars identifying the operation with any related data and a terminating pound-sign (#) indicating the end of user input. The CPE Control Protocol communicates with the user via one or more facilities depending on the originating location of the command. These include: flashing of the LEDs on the CPE, generation of tones played over the telephone; voice commands played over the telephone; placing a call back to the telephone and using the “Caller ID” mechanism to present alpha numeric data via the telephones Caller ID display facility.
FIG. 1A illustrates a functional block diagram of a telecommunication protocol engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention is a telecommunications gateway that implements multiple protocols using a telecommunication protocol engine (TPE). In this embodiment, the TPE is implemented using an inexpensive, memory limited microprocessors and inexpensive flash memory. A finite state machine (FSM) execution facility is implemented in firmware using virtual machine instructions located in the flash memory. The “state” of a given instance of a FSM is located in the RAM and accessed by the microprocessor. As the virtual machine executes instructions from the flash memory, it modifies the FSM state in RAM along with accessing other facilities of the microprocessor and other software resources. However, this is not meant as a limitation. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the present invention may be implemented in other computing contexts without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The virtual machine instructions are read and executed on demand by a virtual machine that resides in firmware 105. Since the microprocessor 120 (see FIG. 1A and 1C) retrieves instructions in response to a request from the virtual machine 125, only a tiny portion of an entire protocol specification (specifically one virtual machine instruction and its associated operands) is stored in RAM 115 at any given time. One advantage of this arrangement is that the RAM 115 contains only the currently executing virtual machine instruction and data, and a few miscellaneous data structures needed for representing the current FSM states (also fixed in size). The content of the flash memory 140—which can be quite sizeable if it implements a number of complex protocols—does not utilizes any significant portion of RAM 115. The size of the virtual machine instructions 150 is limited by the amount of flash memory 140 available, and has no significant impact on the RAM 115 resources. This allows complex protocols to be implemented on very low cost microcontroller architectures in which program and data memory is very limited but flash memory is plentiful.
The classic definition of a FSM is a collection of states. When a FSM is being executed, it is said to be “in” a specific state waiting for an event. When an event occurs, the FSM definition asserts a next state to be entered. When a state is entered a set of actions may performed, then the FSM waits in that state for the next event. This FSM operational model is implemented directly by the virtual machine described above in reference to FIG. 1B and supported by the specialized virtual machine instructions generated from the FSM that expresses the protocol. Specifically, the State entry actions are expressed as specialized virtual machine instructions. Additional the virtual machine is capable of executing multiple FSM at the same time be they multiple instances of one FSM definition or different FSM definitions. It is through this facility that the TPE supports multiple protocols concurrently.
The virtual machine in this embodiment is specially designed to operate with events modeled as “tokens” so that it can respond to both physical events identified by the microprocessor firmware or logical events generated by other FSM being concurrently executed in a uniform manner. The representation of “tokens” and their management further enhances the TPE to operate on very low cost microprocessor architectures in which program and data memory is very limited.
Virtual machine instructions are generated using a “translator” that receives human-readable syntax and translates this syntax to FSM instructions. To facilitate the specification of a protocol in human readable form and support its maintenance as the protocol evolves over time, the translator and virtual machine support the concept of shared state entry instructions through function or macros. These are collections of virtual machine instructions that reside in the flash memory, along with FSM specifications. As required, the virtual machine can execute these special collections of instructions upon demand.
FIG. 3 illustrates a means for expressing FSM according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, a function name is associated with a purpose. These function name/purpose pairs are used to author protocol implementations via FSM definitions. A function name/purpose pair (referred to as an “Advocate”) corresponds to a facility “known” to the virtual machine that is implemented in the firmware. While this exemplary embodiment uses the C++ programming language, the present invention is not so limited. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, other programming languages may be used to produce virtual machine instructions that define an FSM.
FIG. 4 illustrates a VoIP telecommunication protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention between a caller and a called party from the perspective of the caller. FIG. 5 illustrates a script according to an embodiment of the present invention created using the scripting language (FIG. 3) to implement the protocol illustrated in FIG. 4. The caller initiates a call 400 causing the FSM to send a message to the called party 410. Referring to FIG. 5, the initial state of the FSM is “CALL INITIATED.” The FSM then receives signaling messages via the network from the called party indicating the response (status) 420 of the called party. If the called party is busy, the FSM receives a CALLED PARTY BUSY condition (referred to as an event) 430, executes a PLAY BUSY TONE command (an action) 460, and enters the state “BUSY TONE” 475. Similarly, if there is no response from the called party and the call times out 440, the FSM receives a TIME OUT condition 440, executes a PLAY FAST BUSY TONE command 470 and enters the state “FAST BUSY TONE” 485. If the call is delivered, the FSM receives a CALL DELIVERED condition 430, executes both an “Init Vocoder” and “Send (CONNECT13 ACK)” instruction 465, and enters the state “Voice” 480.
A call placed over a service provider network 706 is routed by service provider gateway 705. In an embodiment of the present invention, the protocol used by a telephony gateway (720, 730) and the routing is controlled by a number dialed to initiate a telephone call via a CPE Control protocol. By way of illustration and not as a limitation, a call placed from telephone-A 725 to telephone-B 735 is an “on-network” call, meaning both the calling party and receiving party are using registered telephony gateways (720, 730). In this embodiment of the present invention, the telephone numbers associated with registered telephony gateways begin with the same prefix, for example 777. In this embodiment, the calling party using telephone-A 725 presses #777(plus the remaining telephone number digits)# on telephone-A 725 (note that the starting and ending pound-sings (#) reflect the requirements of the CPE Control protocol). Service provider gateway 705 determines from the prefix preceding the remaining telephone number digits that the call is on-network and connects telephone-A 725 to telephone-B 735 over a service provider network 700.
In another embodiment of the present invention, two telephony gateways are connected to first and second communication devices respectively that are in communication with each other. The first communication device sends a “hook-flash” signal to the first telephony gateway. The first telephony gateway suspends the communication with the second telephony gateway and enables caller access to the CPE Control protocol. Using this protocol the user directs the CPE to initiate a three-way call to another phone. The CPE Control protocol will notify the CPE Control Protocol on the second device that a three-way call has been initiated. The three-way connection comprises sharing data from one party with the other two parties on the call. In this manner, a three-way connection is established and maintained without external mixing devices or the need to deploy a media gateway in the VoIP system.
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International Classification H04L12/56, H04L29/06, H04L12/28
Cooperative Classification H04L65/1006, H04L29/06027, H04L65/1069, H04L65/1009, H04L69/18, H04L65/104, H04L69/12
European Classification H04L29/06G, H04L29/06K
Owner name: I2TELECOM INTERNATIONAL INC., FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:COONEY, JOHN M.;REEL/FRAME:015517/0338
Free format text: CONSULTING SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH PROPERTY RIGHTS ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:PAPP III, ALBERT L.;REEL/FRAME:015534/0643