Source: https://es.b-ok.org/book/2473241/9076a6
Timestamp: 2019-11-11 22:16:21
Document Index: 566093842

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Land Law: Text, Cases, and Materials | Ben McFarlane, Nicholas Hopkins, Sarah Nield | download
Principal Land Law: Text, Cases, and Materials
Land Law: Text, Cases, and Materials has been designed to provide students with everything they need to approach their land law course with confidence. Ready to be used as a stand-alone resource on all land law courses the authors combine stimulating commentary and well-chosen materials to present the subject in an interesting and dynamic way.
Covering all core aspects of land law including legal estates, legal interests, equitable interests, interests in the home, leases, easements, covenants and security interests in land, the book provides students with the detailed knowledge and analytical tools required to understand and engage fully with the current topical debates surrounding the subject.
The book is accompanied by an Online Resource Centre offering detailed updates to the law following publication, useful weblinks, multiple choice questions with answers and feedback, guidance on answering end-of-chapter questions and video podcasts of the authors.
Páginas: 1050 / 1249
ISBN 10: 0199693595
ISBN 13: 9780199693597
Descarga (pdf, 15.98 MB) Leer libro en línea
lease1373
equitable1011
ltd996
registration988
mortgage864
estoppel733
ownership674
tenant671
occupation649
proprietary640
tenancy637
covenant630
equity625
purchaser575
landlord558
contractual529
licence525
statutory515
covenants510
constructive495
freehold492
trusts470
doctrine465
trustees465
register442
courts423
adverse423
breach418
law commission413
proprietary estoppel399
wlr391
easement375
leases373
lender357
entitled339
rent336
defence328
easements323
overreaching316
adverse possession315
land registration313
borrower309
owners308
ibid306
constructive trust296
claimant278
dominant277
house of lords263
beneficial261
disposition259
mortgagee259
unregistered258
conveyance251
tenants250
acquire248
extract247
leasehold246
proprietor243
Korean Film: History, Resistance, and Democratic Imagination
Eungjun Min, Jinsook Joo, Han Kwak
Jason Powell, William T. Rossiter
Ben McFarlane, Nicholas Hopkins,
and Sarah Nield
© B McFarlane, NP Hopkins and SA Nield 2012
First Edition copyright 2009
ISBN 978–0–19–969359–7
We wrote the preface to the first edition of this book in March 2009. The three years since
then have brought a volume of new cases, legislation, reform proposals and academic commentary that thoroughly refutes any lingering idea that land law is a musty or static subject.
Indeed, on one day alone (9 November 2011), the Supreme Court delivered judgments in two
potentially seminal land law cases: Jones v Kernott and Berrisford (FC) v Mexfield Housing
Co-operative Limited.
These and other developments have naturally left their mark on this second edition.
Chapters 16 and 23 have been extensively revised to incorporate the judgments in Jones
and Berrisford; Chapter 10 has been re-written to take account of a House of Lords decision of 2009 (Thorner v Major); and a Supreme Court case of 2010 (Star Energy Weald Basin
Limited v Bocardo SA) features prominently in a re-worked Chapter 2. To give just one further example, the pivotal decision of a nine-member Supreme Court in Manchester City
Council v Pinnock (2010) has led to a thorough revision of our human rights chapter. It has
also caused us to re-structure our introductory chapters so that our second edition, like the
Supreme Court’s decision itself, affirms the importance of human rights in land law.
We have also incorporated the impact of new legislation, such as the Perpetuities and
Accumulations Act 2009, the Equality Act 2010, and the Localism Act 2011. Despite all
this activity, the scent of further reform is in the air, and Chapters 25 and 26 have been
updated to consider the Law Commission’s 2011 report on easements, covenants and profits
à prendre. As our first edition made clear, we are also keen to give readers access to the best
academic writing on land law, and this edition includes extracts from and references to new
articles and books on a wide range of topics, from land registration to constructive trusts.
We have taken the opportunity of a new edition not only to update the content of the
chapters, but also to revise their structure. The first chapter, and the whole of Part A, has
been streamlined, to give a more focused introduction to land law. Readers of the first edition found its three-step approach to be very helpful in understanding the operation of
interests in land, and therefore Parts B, C and D have been modified so as to correspond
to the content, acquisition and defences questions. We have also altered the contents and
positioning of the licences chapter, so as to make the most of the instructive comparison
between licences and leases. Despite the large number of developments since 2009, we have,
by careful pruning, ensured that the overall length of the book has barely increased.
We wrote in the preface to the first edition that the Text, Cases and Materials format is
ideally suited to land law. The key advantage of such a book is that it can both show and tell.
In this edition, as well as providing direct access to the most important and useful cases and
materials, we have again made sure to guide readers, by devoting more than half of the book
to our author commentary. While there are some areas in which we can all claim a level
of expertise, our individual interests meant that the division of labour was perhaps more
readily determined than might have been the case. Ben is responsible for Chapters 1–2, 4–6,
10, 12, 15 and 21–23; Nick for Chapters 7–9, 11, 13–14 and 16–19; Sarah for Chapters 3 and
24–30; and Nick and Sarah jointly wrote Chapter 20. Each of us has read and commented on
chapters written by the others.
Our thanks are wholeheartedly extended to colleagues, friends and to staff at OUP who
have helped us in writing each of the first and second editions. Professor John Mee and a
number of anonymous referees took on the unenviable task of reading and commenting on
the first edition. Likewise, a number of people commented on individual chapters in that
first edition: we are particularly indebted to Amy Goymour, Professor David Clarke and
Peter Smith. Their generosity in giving of their time and their own insights into the subject is
gratefully acknowledged and has undoubtedly improved the finished text. Rupert Seal and
Ruth Hudson played a significant role in the development of the Online Resource Centre.
Ben is grateful to Stephen Du and Christopher Knowles for their comments on the first
edition and research assistance on the second edition. The enthusiasm and commitment of
OUP have helped make the process of writing an enjoyable one. Particular thanks are due
to Kate Whetter, our commissioning editor for the second edition, to copy-editor Francesca
White, and to Stella White for her management of the marketing.
permission of the Controller of OPSI and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Parliamentary
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s
Cambridge Law Review Association and the authors:for extracts from Cambridge Law
Journal: S Bright: ‘Avoiding tenancy Legislation: Sham and Contracting Out Revisited’, CLJ
146 (2002); S Bright and B McFarlane: ‘Proprietary Estoppel and Property Rights’ CLJ 449
(2005);J Hill: ‘The Termination of Bare Licences’ CLJ 87 (2001); C Harpum: ‘Overreaching,
Trustees’ Powers and the Reform of the 1925 Legislation’ 49 CLJ 277 (1990); D Neuberger:
‘The Stuffing of Minerva’s Owl? Taxonomy and Taxidermy in Equity’ 68 CLJ 537 (2009).
Cambridge University Press and the authors:for extract from A Clarke and P Kohler:
Property Law: Commentary and Materials (CUP, 2005).
HarperCollins: for extract from J Hackney: Understanding Equity and Trusts (Fontana
Hart:for extracts from S Bright: Landlord and Tenant Law in Context (Hart, 2007); E Cooke:
The New law of Land Registration (Hart, 2003); L Fox: Conceptualising Home: Theories, Laws
and Policies (Hart, 2007); S Gardner: An Introduction to Land Law (Hart 2007); McFarlane:
The Structure of Property Law (Hart, 2008); and from the Modern Studies of Property Law: M
Davey: ‘The Regulation of Long Residential Leases’ (Volume 3, 2005); M Dixon: ‘Proprietary
Estoppel and Formalities in Land Law and the Land Registration Act 2002: A Theory of
Unconscionability’ (Volume 2, 2002); J Mee: ‘The Role of Expectation in the Determination
of Proprietary Estoppel Remedies’ (Volume 5, 2009); S A Nield: ‘Charges, Possession and
Human Rights: A Reappraisal of Section 87(1) Law of Property Act 1925’ (Volume 3, 2005);
S A Nield: ‘Clash of the Titans: Article 8, Occupiers and Respect for their Home’ (Volume 6,
2011); and P O’Connor: ‘Registration of Title in England and Australia’ (Volume 2, 2003).
Incorporated Council of Law Reporting: for extracts from the Law Reports: Appeal Cases
(AC), Chancery Division (Ch), Family Division (Fam), King’s Bench Division (KB), Queen’s
Bench Division (QB), and Weekly Law Reports (WLR).
Jordan Publishing Ltd: for extract from the Family Law Reports.
Reed Elsevier (UK) trading as LexisNexis: for extracts for All England Law Reports (All
ER); B McFarlane and E Simpson: Tackling Avoidance’ in Rationalizing Property, Equity and
Trusts: Essays in Honour of Edward Burn (Butterworths, 2002); N Hopkins: ‘Proprietary
Estoppel: A Functional Analysis’ 4 Journal of Equity 1 (2010); and J E Penner: ‘Duty and
Liability in Respect of Funds’ in J Lowry and L Mistelis (eds.): Commercial Law: Perspectives
and Practice (Butterworths, 2006).
Oxford University Press: for extracts from P Birks: ‘Before We Begin: Five Keys to Land
Law’ and D Clarke ‘Occupying “Cheek by Jowl” ’ in S Bright and J Dewar (eds.) Land Law:
Themes and Perspectives (OUP, 1998); K Gray and S F Gray Elements of Land Law(5th edn,
OUP, 2009); J W Harris: Property and Justice (Clarendon Press, 1996); F H Lawson and B
Rudden: The Law of Property (3rd edn, OUP, 2002); R J Smith: Plural Ownership (OUP, 2005);
W Swadling: ‘The Law of Property’ in A Burrows (ed.): English Private Law (2nd edn, OUP,
2007); S Worthington: Equity (2nd edn, OUP, 2006).
Oxford University Press Journals: for extract from Oxford Journal of Legal Studies: A
Burrows: ‘We do this at Common Law but that in Equity’ 22 OJLS 1 (2002).
Reed Business Information: for an extract from case reports published in Estates
Gazette(http://www.egi.co.uk).
Springer: for an extract from L Flynn and A Lawson: ‘Gender, Sexuality and the Doctrine of
Detrimental Reliance’ Feminist Legal Studies 105 (1995).
Sweet & Maxwell: for extracts from N Hopkins: ‘The Informal Acquisition of Rights in
Land’ (Sweet & Maxwell, 2000) and R Smith: ‘How Proprietary is Proprietary Estoppel’ in F
D Rose (ed.): Consensus ad Idem: Essays on the Law of Contract in Honour of Guenther Treitel
(Sweet & Maxwell, 1996); extracts from Law Quarterly Review: S Bright: ‘Leases, Exclusive
Possession and Estates’ 116 LQR 7 (2000); B C Crown: ‘Severance of a Joint Tenancy of Land by
Partial Alienation’ 117 LQR 477 (2001); S Gardner: ‘The Remedial Discretion in Proprietary
Estoppel—Again’ 122 LQR 492 (2006); J Howell: ‘The Human Rights Act 1998: Land, Private
Citizens, and the Common Law’ 123 LQR 618 (2007); N Jackson: ‘Title by Registration
and Concealed Overriding Interests: The Cause and Effect of Antipathy to Documentary
Proof’ 119 LQR 660 (2003); and R Smith: ‘Mortgagees and Trust Beneficiaries’ 109 LQR 545
(1990);extracts from The Conveyancer: B Bogusz: ‘Defining the Scope of Actual Occupation
under the Land Registration Act 2002: Some Recent Judicial Clarification’ Conv 268 (2011); S
Bright: ‘The Third Party’s Conscience in Land Law’ Conv 398 (2000); M Dixon: ‘The Reform
of Property Law and the Land Registration Act 2002: A Risk Assessment’ Conv 136 (2002);
B McFarlane: ‘Identifying Property Rights: A Reply to Mr Watt’ Conv 473 (2003); E Paton
and G Seabourne: ‘Can’t Get There From Here? Permissible Use of Ease-ments After Das’
Conv 127 (2003); A Robertson: ‘The Reliance Basis of Proprietary Estoppel Remedies’ Conv
295 (2008); R Street: ‘Coach and Horses Trip Cancelled? Rent Act Avoidance after Street v
Mountford’ Conv 328(1985);and L Tee: ‘Severance Revisited’ Conv 105 (1995); and extracts
from European Human Rights Reports (EHRR) and Property, Planning and Compensation
Reports (P&CR), and an extract from European Human Rights Law Review (EHRLR).
Taylor & Francis Books UK: for extracts from S Bridge: ‘Leases: Contract, Property and
Status’ and R Smith ‘The Role of Registration in Modern Land Law’ in L Tee (ed.): Land Law:
Issues, Debates, Policy (Willan, 2002).
Thomson Reuters: for extract from L Smith: ‘Fusion and Tradition’ in S Degeling and J
Edelman (eds.):Equity in Commercial Law (Lawbook Co, 2005). Reproduced with permission of Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited, www.thomsonreuters.com.au.
Vathek Publishing: for extract from Anglo American Law Review: P Sparkes: ‘Co-Tenants,
Joint Tenants and Tenants in Common’ 18 AALR 151 (1989).
Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd: for extracts from Modern Law Review: M Routley:
‘Tenancies and Estoppel: After Bruton v London & Quadrant Housing Trust’, 63 MLR 424
(2000); and from Legal Studies: J Hill: ‘Intention and the Creation of Proprietary Rights: Are
Leases Different?’ LS 200 (1996).
Every effort has been made to trace and contact copyright holders prior to publication but
this has not been possible in every case. If notiﬁed, the publisher will undertake to rectify
1 What’s special about land?
2 What is land?
3 Human rights and land
4 Legal estates and legal interests
5 Equitable interests
6 Direct rights
PART C1 THE ACQUISITION QUESTION
7 Formal methods of acquisition: contracts, deeds, and registration
8 Informal methods of acquisition: adverse possession
PART C2 THE ACQUISITION OF AN EQUITABLE INTEREST
9 The doctrine of anticipation: Walsh v Lonsdale
10 Proprietary estoppel
11 Trusts: the acquisition question
12 The priority triangle
13 Unregistered land and priorities
14 Registered land and priorities
15 Evaluating the Land Registration Act 2002
16 Interests in the home: the acquisition question
17 Regulating co-ownership: the content question
18 Co-ownership and third parties: applications for sale
19 Co-ownership and priorities: the defences question
20 Successive ownership
22 Leases
23 Regulating leases and protecting occupiers
24 Leasehold covenants
25 Easements
26 Freehold covenants
27 Flat ownership: long leases and commonhold
28 Security interests in land
29 Protection of the borrower
30 Lender’s rights and remedies
1 The Importance of Land
2 The Scope of this Book
3 Three Underlying Questions
4 The Special Features of Land
5 Land Law in Practice: Occupiers v Banks
5.1 The Facts of the Case and The Dilemma
5.2 Two Possible Approaches
5.3 The Court of Appeal’s Approach in Ainsworth
5.4 The House of Lords’ Approach in Ainsworth
5.5 Comparing the Approaches of the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords
5.6 Developments after Ainsworth: Rights of Occupation
5.7 Developments after Ainsworth: Property Rights in the Family Home
1 Land as a Form of Private Property
2 The Meaning of ‘Land’
2.1 The Physical Reach of Land
2.2 What Objects does the Land Include?
2 The Mechanics of the Human Rights Act 1998
2.1 The Courts and the HRA 1998
2.2 Vertical Effect
2.3 Horizontal Effect
2.4 Absolute and Qualified Rights
2.5 The Justification Formula
2.6 Retrospective Application
3 Article 1 of the First Protocol to the ECHR
3.1 When is Article 1 Engaged?
3.2 When is an Interference Justified?
4 Article 8: The Right to Respect for Private and Family Life and the Home
4.1 When is Article 8(1) Engaged?
4.2 When is an Interference Justified under Article 8(2)?
5 Article 14: Freedom from Discrimination
6 Article 6(1): The Right to a Fair Trial
6.1 Civil Rights and Obligations
6.2 A Fair Hearing
7 The Impact of Human Rights
1 The Concept of a Property Right
2 The Concept of a Legal Estate in Land
3 Legal Estates in Land: The Content Question
3.1 The Content of a Legal Freehold
3.2 The Content of a Legal Lease
3.3 Why Only Two Legal Estates in Land?
4 Legal Estates in Land: The Acquisition Question
5 The Concept of a Legal Interest in Land
6 Legal Interests in Land: The Content Question
7 Legal Interests in Land: The Acquisition Question
1 The Concept of an Equitable Property Right
2 The Concept of an Equitable Interest in Land
3 Rights under Trusts: The Content Question
4 Rights under Trusts: The Acquisition Question
5 Other Equitable Interests: The Content Question
5.1 A Longer List of Property Rights
5.2 The List of Equitable Interests
5.3 Limiting the Content of Equitable Interests
5.4 Equitable Interests and the Numerus Clausus Principle
6 Other Equitable Interests: The Acquisition Question
7 The Relationship between Common Law and Equity
1 Introduction: The Concept of a Direct Right
2 When will B Have a Direct Right Against C?
2.1 Where C Gives B a Direct Right by Means of a Deed
2.2 Where C Gives B a Direct Right by Means of a contractual Promise
2.3 Where C Gives B a Direct Right by Means of a Non-contractual Promise
2.4 Where C Commits a Tort Against B
2.5 The ‘Benefit and Burden’ Principle
2.6 Where C Knows about a Pre-existing Right of B
3 Is B’s Direct Right a Property Right or a Personal Right?
4 Direct Rights and Registered Land
7 FORMAL METHODS OF ACQUISITION:
CONTRACTS, DEEDS, AND REGISTRATION 191
2 Formality Requirements for the Creation or Transfer of Legal Rights
3.1 When Does Section 2 Apply?
3.2 The Concept of an Exchange
3.3 The Requirement of a Signature
3.4 The Effect of Non-compliance
3.5 Collateral Contracts
3.6 Rectification
3.7 Estoppel
4 Creation and Transfer
5 Registration of Title
5.1 Why Registration of Title?
5.2 The Principles of Registration of Title
5.3 The Scope of Registration
5.4 The Registration Gap
5.5 Outline of a Registered Title
5.6 Indefeasibility
6 The Future: E-conveyancing
6.1 Electronic Dispositions: The Legal Impact
8 INFORMAL METHODS OF ACQUISITION:
2 Is Adverse Possession Justified?
3 An Outline of the Operation of Adverse Possession
4 The Inception of Adverse Possession
4.1 ‘Adverse’ Possession Defi ned
4.2 ‘Possession’ Defined
5 The Effect of Adverse Possession
5.1 Unregistered Land
5.2 Registered Land: Land Registration Act 1925
5.3 Registered Land: Land Registration Act 2002
5.4 Human Rights and Adverse Possession
6 Adverse Possession and Leasehold Titles
PART C2 THE ACQUISITION OF AN
EQUITABLE INTEREST IN LAND
9 THE DOCTRINE OF ANTICIPATION:
2 Walsh v Lonsdale in Context
3 The Significance of Specific Performance
4 The Nature of the Rights Acquired
4.1 Enforceability of Rights against Third Parties
4.2 The Nature of the Trust
1 Introduction: The Nature of Proprietary Estoppel
2 The Requirements of Proprietary Estoppel
2.1 An Assurance by A
2.2 Reliance by B
2.3 The Prospect of Detriment to B
2.4 The Role of Unconscionability
3 The Extent of A’s Duty to B: Remedying a Proprietary Estoppel
4 The Effect of Proprietary Estoppel on a Third Party: Priority
and the Defences Question
4.2 B’s Position after a Court Order in His or Her Favour
4.3 B’s Position before a Court Order in His or Her Favour
2 Express Trusts
3 Resulting Trusts
3.1 The Purchase Money Resulting Trust
3.2 The Scope of the Purchase Money Resulting Trust
4 Constructive Trusts
4.1 Institutional and Remedial Constructive Trusts
4.2 The Doctrine in Rochefoucauld v Boustead
4.3 The Two-Party Case
4.4 The Three-Party Case
5 The Pallant v Morgan Constructive Trust
5.1 The Elements of the Pallant v Morgan Constructive Trust
5.2 The Nature of the Unconscionability
5.3 The Basis of the Pallant v Morgan Constructive Trust
6 Towards a Rationalization of Constructive Trusts
PART D PRIORITY AND THE DEFENCES
1 Introduction: The Priority Triangle in Practice
2 The Basic Rule and the Timing Question
2.1 The Basic Rule
2.2 The Timing Question
3 Exceptions to the Basic Rule: The Defences Question
3.1 The Possibility of a Defence
3.2 Registered Land and the Lack of Registration Defence
3.3 Overreaching Under s 2 of the Law of Property Act 1925
3.4 Defences Based on B’s Consent
3.5 Defences Based on the Lapse of Time
3.6 Defences and the Distinction between Legal and Equitable Property Rights
2 Investigation of Title
3 The Two Basic Priority Rules
4 The Defence of Bona Fide Purchaser
4.1 ‘Bona Fide’
4.2 ‘Purchaser for Value’
4.3 ‘Of a Legal Estate’
4.4 ‘Without Notice’
5 The Land Charges Act 1972
5.1 The Scope of the Land Charges Act 1972
5.2 The Effect of Registration and Non-registration
5.3 The Mechanics of Registration
5.4 Searching the Land Charges Register
5.5 Problems with a Names-based Register
5.6 Land Charges Registration and the Doctrine of Notice
5.7 Fraudulent Transactions
5.8 Claims to Alternative Property Rights
2 An Overview: Priorities and Principles of Registration of Title
2.1 Owner’s Powers
2.2 The Effect of a Registered Disposition
2.3 The Interpretation of ‘Immediately before the Disposition’
3 Restrictions on Owner’s Powers
4 Entry of a Notice
4.1 Nature and Effect
4.3 Application for Entry of a Notice
5 Overriding Interests
5.1 Property Rights Held by Persons in Occupation
5.2 Short Leases
5.3 Easements and Profits à Prendre
6 Investigation of Registered Title and Search of the Register
7 Registration, Fraud, and Liability
7.1 The Land Registration Act 1925 and the Decision in Peffer v Rigg
7.2 The Land Registration Act 2002: A Focus on New Direct Rights
15 EVALUATING THE LAND REGISTRATION
1 Introduction: The Aims of the Land Registration Act 2002
1.1 The General Aims of Registration
1.2 The Prominence of Registration in Land Law
1.3 The Aims of a Particular Land Registration System
1.4 The Aims of the Land Registration Act 2002
2 The Impact of the Land Registration Act 2002: A Summary
2.1 The Immediate Impact of the Land Registration Act 2002
2.2 The Future Impact of the Land Registration Act 2002:
The Effect of E-conveyancing
3 Evaluating the Land Registration Act 2002
3.1 A Complete and Accurate Register?
3.2 Evaluating the Law Commission’s Aim
16 INTERESTS IN THE HOME: THE
2 Trusts and the Home
2.1 Sole Legal Owner
2.2 Joint Legal Owners
2.3 Quantification of Beneficial Interests under a Constructive Trust
2.4 A Critique of the Common Intention
2.5 Towards a Rationalization of Trusts of the Home
3 Occupation Rights
4 Recommendations for Reform
17 REGULATING CO-OWNERSHIP: THE
2 Joint Tenants and Tenants in Common
2.1 Identifying Joint Tenants and Tenants in Common
2.2 Survivorship
3 Termination of Co-ownership
4 Is the Beneficial Joint Tenancy Desirable?
5 Trusts and Co-ownership
5.1 Scope of the Trust of Land
5.2 Trustees’ Powers
5.3 Beneficiaries’ Rights
5.4 Applications to Court
5.5 Regulation of Co-ownership Outside of the Trusts of Land
and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996
18 CO-OWNERSHIP AND THIRD PARTIES:
2 Policy Considerations
3 Applications by Creditors
3.1 Applications for Sale by Creditors Post-Shaire
3.2 Applications by Creditors: The Human Rights Dimension
3.3 Has s 15 of the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees
Act 1996 Changed the Law?
4 Applications by Trustees in Bankruptcy
4.1 The Courts’ General Approach to Defi ning ‘Exceptional Circumstances’
4.2 Exceptional Circumstances: The Human Rights Dimension
4.3 A ‘Fresh Start’ for Bankrupts
19 CO-OWNERSHIP AND PRIORITIES:
THE DEFENCES QUESTION
2 Overreaching
2.1 The Scope of Overreaching
2.2 Interests Capable of being Overreached
2.3 Transactions with Overreaching Effect
3 Co-ownership, Overreaching, and Occupying Beneficiaries
4 Overreaching and Breach of Trust
4.1 Trustees’ Ability, Authority, and Duties
4.2 Protection of Purchasers
5 Is Overreaching Justified?
6 The Future of Overreaching
6.1 Qualifying and Restricting the Scope of Overreaching
6.2 Human Rights and Overreaching
6.3 Alternative Causes of Action
7 Priority Rules where Overreaching Does Not Take Place
2 The Significance of Successive Ownership
3 Forms of Successive Ownership
3.1 The Rule against Perpetuities
3.2 Entailed Interests
4 The Nature of the Life Estate
5 The Creation of Successive Interests
6 Regulation of Successive Ownership
21 LICENCES
1 The Nature of a Licence
2 Bare Licences
2.1 B’s Rights Against A
2.2 B’s Rights Against X
2.3 B’s Rights Against C
3 Contractual Licences
3.1 B’s Rights Against A
3.2 B’s Rights Against X
3.3 B’s Rights Against C
4 Estoppel Licences
4.1 B’s Rights Against A
4.2 B’s Rights Against X
4.3 B’s Rights Against C
5 Statutory Licences
5.1 B’s Rights Against A
5.2 B’s Rights Against X
5.3 B’s Rights Against C
6 Licences Coupled with an Interest
6.1 B’s Rights Against A
6.2 B’s Rights Against X
6.3 B’s Rights Against C
1 Introduction: The Importance of the Lease
1.1 The Effect of a Lease
1.2 The Practical Importance and Diversity of Leases
1.3 The Landlord–Tenant Relationship
2 The Content Question
2.1 Where A does not Intend to Grant B Lease
2.2 Intention to Create Legal Relations
2.3 A Right to Exclusive Possession: General Position
2.4 A Right to Exclusive Possession: Shams and Pretences
2.5 A Right to Exclusive Possession: Multiple Occupancy
2.6 A Proprietary Right to Exclusive Possession
2.7 A Right to Exclusive Possession for a Limited Period
2.8 Exceptions?
3 The Acquisition Question
3.1 Legal Leases
3.2 Equitable Leases
3.3 Methods by which a Lease May End
4 The Defences Question
4.1 Legal Leases
4.2 Equitable Leases
5 The Contractual Aspect of a Lease
23 REGULATING LEASES AND PROTECTING
2 The Status-conferring Aspect of a Lease: Background
3 The Status-conferring Aspect of a Lease: Practice
4 The Status-conferring Aspect of a Lease: Its Impact on
The Definition of the Lease
5 The Status-conferring Aspect of a Lease: Reform?
1.1 Leasehold Covenant Terminology
1.2 Contract and Estate-based Liability
2 The Original Parties (LO and TO) and Contractual Enforceability
2.1 Pre-1996 Law
2.2 Post-1995 Law
3 Assignees (LA and TA) and Estate-based Liability
3.1 Pre-1996 Law
3.2 Post-1995 Leases
4 The Continuing Liability for Breaches of Covenant
4.1 Continuing Rights to Enforce Breaches of Covenant
5 Sub-Lessees
6 Remedies for Breach of Leasehold Covenants
6.2 Specific Performance
6.3 Distress and Taking Control of the Tenant’s Goods
6.4 Forfeiture
1.1 What are Easements?
1.2 The Utility Balance
2.1 ‘There Must be a Dominant Tenement and a Servient Tenement’
2.2 The Dominant and Servient Tenements must be in Separate
2.3 An Easement must Accommodate the Dominant Land
2.4 The Right must be Capable of Being the Subject Matter of a Grant
3.1 Express Grant
3.2 Implied Grant
3.3 Presumed Grant: Prescription
4 Easements: The Defences Question
4.1 Registered Land
4.2 Unregistered Land
5 Excessive User
6 Extinguishment of Easements
1.1 The Role of Land Covenants
1.2 The Structure and Terminology of Land Covenants
2 The Burden: Who Can Sue?
2.1 The Covenant must Relate to Land
2.2 Benefit to Dominant Land
2.4 Indirect Enforcement of Positive Covenants
2.5 The Acquisition and Priority of Restrictive Covenants
3 The Benefit: Who Can Sue?
3.3 Building Scheme
4 Enforcement, Discharge, and Modification of Covenants
4.2 Extinction and Modification of Covenants
27 FLAT OWNERSHIP: LONG LEASES AND
2 Long Leases of Flats
2.1 Who is the Landlord?
2.2 The Leasehold Term, and Rights to Enfranchisement and Extension
2.4 Communal Living
3 Commonhold
3.1 The Structure of Commonhold
3.2 Creation of Commonhold
3.3 Commonhold Land Ownership
3.4 The Commonhold Association
3.5 Commonhold Community Statement
3.6 The Management of Commonhold
3.7 Dispute Resolution
2 The Role and Importance of Security
3 General Forms of Security
3.1 The Pledge
3.2 The Lien
3.3 The Mortgage
3.4 The Charge
4 Forms of Security over Land: Mortgages and Charges
4.1 Development of Mortgages of Land
4.2 The Legal Charge by Way of Mortgage
4.3 Equitable Mortgages and Equitable Charges of Land
4.4 Charging Orders
5 Equity of Redemption
5.1 Development of the Equity of Redemption
5.2 Equity of Redemption and the Legal Charge
6 Modern Developments in Mortgage Forms
6.1 Islamic Mortgages or Home Purchase Plans
6.2 Low Cost Home Ownership
6.3 Equity Release or Home Reversion Plans
6.4 The Eurohypothec
2 Market Regulation
2.1 Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, and Regulated
2.2 Consumer Credit Act 1974 (as Amended)
3 Creation of The Mortgage
3.1 Factors Governing Procedural Fairness
3.2 The Conceptual Underpinnings
3.3 Undue Influence and Mortgages
4 Control of Mortgage Terms
4.1 Sources of Control
4.2 Particular Mortgage Terms: Redemption
4.3 Particular Mortgage Terms Collateral Advantages
4.4 Particular Mortgage Terms: Interest Rates
1.1 Source of the Lender’s Rights and Remedies
1.2 Regulation of the Lender’s Rights and Remedies
2.1 The Starting Point: An Immediate Right to Possession
2.2 The Equitable Duty to Account
2.3 The Purpose of Taking Possession
2.4 Procedural Safeguards
2.5 Dwelling Houses and s 36 of the Administration of Justice
Act 1970 (as Amended)
2.6 Home Repossession and Human Rights
3.1 Mechanics of Sale
3.2 Duties of the Mortgagee in the Conduct of the Sale
4 Appointment of a Receiver
4.1 Functions and Powers of a Receiver
4.2 Receiver as Agent for the Borrower
4.3 Duties of a Receiver
5 A Final Word about the Covenant to Repay
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1 WLR 1898 . . . 929
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145 . . . 1089, 1101
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1 WLR 221 . . . 1096
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656 . . . 1078
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29 P & CR 300 . . . 432
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2 QB 466 (CA) . . . 17, 20
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2 P&CR 11 . . . 217
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1 WLR 422 . . . 1143
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Marine Management (UK) Ltd [1980]
QB 137 . . . 872
British Petroleum Pension Trust Ltd v Behrendt
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Ch 733, CA . . . 232
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30 ER 998 . . . 582
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23 EHRR 101 . . . 101, 103
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EWHC 552 . . . 1103, 1104
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C Putnam & Sons v Taylor [2009]
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1 AC 200 . . . 1103, 1104
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29 EHRR 615 . . . 92, 96, 116
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1 Ch 224 . . . 1007
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1 EGLR 153 . . . 724
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2 All ER 309 . . . 43
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Cheltenham & Gloucester Plc v Booker (1997) 73
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Christine Goodwin v United Kingdom: (2002)
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1 FLR 740 . . . 632
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2 P & CR 24 . . . 941
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13 Ch D 798 . . . 929
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52 EHRR 39 . . . 85, 105
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Crest Nicholson Residential (South) Ltd v
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Cryer v Scott Brothers (Sudbury) Ltd (1988)
55 P & CR 183 . . . 978
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Ch 949, CA . . . 1159–62, 1166
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DKLR Holding Co (No 2) Ltd v Commissioner of
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Dalton v Angus & Co (1881) 6 LR
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2 P & CR 4 . . . 907
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Davis v Smith, unreported, judgment
23 November 2011 . . . 587
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Diligent Finance Co Ltd v Alleyne (1972)
23 P & CR 346 . . . 435, 436
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Doe d. Aslin v Summersett (1830)
1 B & Ad 135 . . . 813
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Downsview Nominees Ltd v First City Corp
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Duff y v Lamb (1998) 75 P & CR 364 . . . 919
Duke of Beaufort v Patrick (1853) 17 Beav 60 . . . 351
Duke of Bedford v British Museum Trustees
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Dunraven Securities Ltd v Hollaway [1982]
2 EGLR 47 . . . 884
Durrell v Evans (1862) 1 H & C 174 . . . 201
Dyce v Lady James Hay (1852) 1 Macq 305 . . . 917,
Dyer v Dyer (1788) 2 Cox 92 . . . 362
E R Ives Investment Ltd v High [1967] 2 QB 379;
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649, 741
Earl of Leicester v Wells-next-the-Sea UDC
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Eastland Homes Partnership Ltd v Whyte [2010]
EWHC 695 . . . 70
Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England v Kino
(1880) 14 Ch D 213 . . . 965
Edwardes v. Barrington (1901) 85 LT 650 . . . 728
Edwards v Lloyds TSB [2004] EWHC 1745 . . . 621,
624–7
Egerton v Esplanade Hotel, London Ltd [1947] 2
All ER 88 . . . 884
Elitestone Ltd v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687,
HL . . . 40–4
Ellenborough Park, Re [1956] Ch 131, CA . . . 904,
914–20
Elliston v Reacher [1908] 2 Ch 374 . . . 998, 1001,
Embassy Court Residents Association v Lipman
(1984) 271 EG 545, . . . 1022
Emile Elias & Co Ltd v Pine Groves Ltd [1993]
1 WLR 305 . . . 1002
Emmanuel College v Evans (1625) 1 Ch
Rep 18 . . . 1062
Entick v Carrington (1765) 2 Wils KB 274,
Common Pleas . . . 28–33
Equity & Law Home Loans Ltd v Prestidge [1992]
1 WLR 137 . . . 408, 409
Errington v Errington & Woods [1952] 1 KB 290,
CA . . . 726, 727, 733–7
Escalus Properties Ltd v Robinson [1996] QB 231
. . . 888, 893
Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Harpers Garage
(Stourport) Ltd [1968] AC 269 . . . 1121
Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Kingswood Motors Ltd
and ors [1974] QB 142 . . . 717
Evans v Cherry Tree Finance Ltd [2008] EWCA
Civ 331 . . . 1118
Evans v Hoare [1892] 1 QB 593 . . . 201
Everitt v Budhram [2009] EWHC 1219
(Ch) . . . 629, 633
Eves v Eves [1975] 1 WLR 1338 . . . 370, 533, 538
Ewart v Fryer [1901] 1 Ch 499 . . . 893
Expert Clothing Service & Sales Ltd v Hillgate
House Ltd [1986] Ch 340, CA . . . 883, 887
FSA—Zaki v Credit Suisse (UK) Ltd [2011]
EWHC 2422 . . . 1078
Fairclough v Swan Brewery Co [1912]
AC 565 . . . 1116
Fairweather v St Marylebone Property Co Ltd
[1963] AC 510, HL . . . 266, 269, 281, 282, 284
Falco Finance Ltd v Gough [1999] CCLR 16 . . .
1118, 1124, 1127
Family Housing Association v Jones [1990] 1
WLR 779 . . . 834
Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd
[2007] HCA 222 . . . 675
Farrars v Farrars Ltd (1889) 40 Ch D 395 . . . 1168
Federated Home Ltd v Mill Lodge Properties Ltd
[1980] 1 WLR 594, CA . . . 990, 991, 997
Ferris v Weaven [1952] 2 All ER 233 . . . 17, 20,
134–6
Ferrishurst Ltd v Wallcite Ltd [1999] Ch 353 . . . 457
Ffrench’s Estate (1887) 21 LR (Ir) 283 . . . 675
Figgins Holdings Pty Ltd v SEAA Enterpises Ltd
(1999) 196 CLR 245 . . . 1052, 1064
Finchbourne Ltd v Rodrigues [1976] 3 All
ER 581 . . . 1022
First Middlesbrough Trading and
Mortgage Co. Ltd v Cunningham (1974)
28 P & CR 69 . . . 1145
First National Bank plc v Achampong [2003]
EWCA 487 . . . 614, 621, 622
First National Securities Ltd v Hegerty [1985]
QB 850 . . . 583, 1056
Firstpost Homes Ltd v Johnson [1995] 1 WLR
1567, CA . . . 195, 201
Fitzkriston LLP v Panayi [2008] EWCA
Civ 283 . . . 807
Flight v Bentley (1835) 7 Sim 149 . . . 868
Foenander v Allan [2006]
BPIR 1392 . . . 632, 633
Former King of Greece v Greece
(App No 25701/94) . . . 95
Forrester Ketley & Co v Brent [2009]
EWHC 2441 (Ch) . . . 617, 626, 627
Foskett v McKeown [2001] AC 102 . . . 675
Foster v Warblington Urban District Council
[1906] 1 KB 648 . . . 757, 759
Four-Maids Ltd v Dudley Marshall (Properties)
Ltd [1957] Ch 317, HC . . . 1136
Fowler v Barron [2008] EWCA 377 . . . 543
Frazer v Walker [1967] 1 AC 569 . . . 186
French v Barcham [2009] 1 WLR 1124 . . . 601
Frencher Ltd (In liq) v Bank of East Asia [1995]
2 HKC 263 . . . 1130
Friends Provident Life Office v British Railways
Board (1997) 73 P & CR 9 . . . 852
Friends Provident Life Office, Re [1999] 1 All
ER (Comm.) . . . 837
G&K Kreglinger v New Patagonia Meat and Cold
Storage Co Ltd [1914] AC 25, HL . . . 1108, 1119,
GS Fashions Ltd v B&Q plc [1995]
1 WLR 1088 . . . 877
Gadds Land Transfer, Re [1966] Ch 56 . . . 977
Gafford v Graham (1999)
77 P & CR 73 . . . 1005–1007
Gan Insurance case [2001] EWCA
Civ 1047 . . . 1123
Gaskell v Gosling [1896] 1 QB 669 . . . 1173
Gentle v Faulkner [1990] 2 QB 267 . . . 233
George Inglefield Ltd, Re [1933] Ch 1 . . . 776
George Wimpey UK Ltd v VI Construction Ltd
[2005] EWCA Civ 77 . . . 207
Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza [2004] UKHL 30,
[2004] 2 AC 557 . . . 64, 75, 115
Gill v Lewis [1956] 2 QB 1, CA . . . 889
Gillett v Holt [2001] Ch 210, CA . . . 312, 329–31,
334, 383
Gillow v UK (1989) 11 EHRR 335 . . . 92, 99–101
Gissing v Gissing [1971] AC 886 . . . 217, 363, 525,
529–31, 549, 550
Glass v Kencakes [1966] 1 QB 611; . . . 884
Godden v Merthyr Tydfi l Housing Association
[1997] NPC 1 . . . 212
Goldberg v Edwards [1950] Ch 247 . . . 938, 945, 946
Gomba Holdings UK Ltd v Homan [1986]
1 WLR 1301 . . . 1173
Good Harvest Partnership LLP v Centaur
Services Ltd [2010] EWHC 330 (Ch), [2010]
Ch 426 . . . 855
Goodman v Gallant [1986] 2 WLR 236; [1986]
Fam 106 . . . 360, 542, 571, 574
Goodman v J. Eban Ltd [1954] 1 QB 550 . . . 201
Grand Junction Co Ltd v Bates [1954]
2 QB 160 . . . 893, 1052
Grant v Edwards [1986] Ch 638 . . . 532, 535–8,
549, 555, 558
Gray v Taylor [1998] 4 All ER 17 . . . 803, 804
Greasley v Cooke [1980] 1 WLR 1306; [1980]
3 All ER 710, CA . . . 326, 331
Green v Ashco Horticulturist Ltd [1966] 1 WLR
889 . . . 941, 945–7
Gregory v Mighell (1811) 18 Ves 328 . . . 211
Greig v Watson (1881) 7 VR 79 . . . 1065
Grigsby v Melville [1972] 1 WLR 1355 . . . 922
Grindal v Hooper, unreported, judgment
6 December 1999 . . . 421, 678, 679
Grossman v Hooper [2001] EWCA Civ 615,
CA . . . 204–207
(1938) 59 CLR 641 . . . 329
Guardian Ocean Cargors Ltd v Banco Brasil SA
(No 3) [1992] 2 Lloyds Rep 193 . . . 1123
Guerra v Italy (1998) 26 EHRR 357 . . . 102
HSBC Bank plc v Dyche [2009]
EWHC 2954 (Ch) . . . 664, 665
HSBC v Kloeckner [1990] 2 QB 514 . . . 872
Habib Bank Ltd v Tailor [1982]
1 WLR 1218 . . . 1144
Hair v Gillman (2000)
80 P & CR 108 . . . 922, 941
Halifax Building Society v Clark [1973]
Ch 307 . . . 1144
Halifax plc v Curry Popeck [2008]
EWHC 1692 (Ch) . . . 354, 355, 394, 411, 447
Hall v Erwin (1887) 37 Ch D 74 . . . 870, 974
Halsall v Brizell [1957] Ch 169 . . . 982
Hammersmith & Fulham LBC v Monk [1992]
1 AC 478, HL . . . 812–15, 820
Hammond v Mitchell [1991] 1 WLR 1127,
HC . . . 533, 539, 540
Hannah v Peel [1945] 1 KB 509 . . . 48–51, 54, 57
Hansford v Jargo [1921] 1 Ch 322 . . . 938
Hardy v Fowle [2007] EWHC 2423 (Ch) . . . 448
Harman v Glencross [1986] Fam 81, CA . . . 1060
Harris v De Pinna (1886) 33 Ch D 238 . . . 918
Harris v Flower (1904) 74 LJ Ch 127 . . . 906–912
Harris v Goddard [1983] 3 All ER 242,
CA . . . 577, 578
Harrison v Black Horse Ltd [2011] EWCA
Civ 1128 . . . 1086, 1087
Harrow LBC v Qazi [2004] 1 AC 983, HL . . . 99,
102, 815, 831
Hart v O’Connor [1985] AC 1000 . . . 1092
Harwood v Harwood [1991] 2 FLR 274 . . . 572
Hatton v UK (App No 36022/97) (2003)
37 EHRR 28 . . . 77, 82, 102, 103
Hayim v Citibank NA [1987] AC 730 . . . 1163
Hayward v Brunswick Permanent Benefit
Building Society (1881) 8 QBD 403 . . . 979, 980
Healey v Healey [1915] 1 KB 938 . . . 163
Heather Moor & Edgecomb Ltd v UK (2011) 53
EHRR SE18 . . . 1081
Hegerty case [1985] QB 850 . . . 1060
Helby v Matthews [1895] AC 471 . . . 776
Helden v Strathmore Ltd [2011] EWCA
Civ 542 . . . 1077
Hemingway Securities Ltd v Dunraven Ltd (1996)
71 P & CR 30, HC . . . 871
Henry v Henry [2010] 1 All ER 988 . . . 331, 332,
352, 355
Hentrich v France (1994) 18 EHRR 440 . . . 94, 97
Hewett v First Plus Financial Group Plc [2010] 2
P&CR 22 . . . 1091, 1102
Hill v Griffi n [1987] 1 EGLR 81 . . . 893
Hill v Tupper (1863) 2 H & C 122 . . . 128, 129, 138,
139, 142, 143, 715, 716, 914
Hindcastle Ltd v Barbara Attenborough &
Associates Ltd [1997] AC 70, HL . . . 851, 852
Hitch v Stone [2001] STC 214 . . . 775
Hodgson v Marks [1971]
Ch 892, CA . . . 402, 467
Hoff man v Fineberg [1949] Ch 245 . . . 884
Holiday Inns v Broadhead (1974)
232 EG 951 . . . 324
Holland v Hodgson (1872) LR 7 CP 328 . . . 43
Holliday, Re [1981] Ch 405 . . . 608, 627, 632
Holman v Howes [2007] EWCA 877 . . . 559
Holmes v Goring (1824) 2 Bing 76 . . . 929
Holmes v Westminster CC [2011]
EWHC 2857 . . . 114
Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes [1973] 2 All ER
476 . . . 581
Holy Monasteries v Greece (1995)
20 EHRR 1 . . . 95, 117
Hong Kong Fir v Kawasaki [1962]
1 All ER 474 . . . 816
Hooper v Sherman [1994] NPC 153 . . . 199
Horrocks v Forray [1976] 1 WLR 230 . . . 706
Horsefall v Mather (1815) Holt NP 7 . . . 751
Horsey Estate Ltd v Steiger [1899] 2 QB 79,
CA . . . 880, 887
Horsham Properties Group Ltd v Clark [2008]
EWHC 2327 . . . 644, 1063, 1132, 1142, 1156–8
Hosking v Michaelides [2004]
All ER (D) 147 . . . 631
Hounslow LBC v Powell [2011] UKSC 8 [2011]
2 WLR 287 . . . 101, 102, 105, 106, 108–12, 673,
Hounslow LBC v Twickenham GD Ltd [1971]
Ch 233 . . . 710, 712
Hounslow London Borough Council v Powell
[2011] 2 AC 186 . . . 830
Howard E Perry v British Railway Board [1980]
1 WLR 1375 . . . 747
Howard v Fanshawe [1895] 2 Ch 581 . . . 888, 889
Howard v UK (1987) 9 EHRR CD116 . . . 92, 101
Hua Chiao Commercial Bank Ltd v Chiap Hua
Industries Ltd [1987] AC 99 . . . 862
Huang v Secretray of State for the Home
Department [2007] UKHL 11, [2007]
2 AC 167 . . . 73, 86
Huckvale v Aegean Hotels Ltd (1989)
58 P & CR 163 . . . 929
Hughes v Waite [1957] 1 WLR 713 . . . 1136
Hunt v Luck [1901] 1 Ch 45 . . . 403, 427
Hunter and ors v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997]
AC 665, HL . . . 756–8
Hunter v Babbage (1995) 69 P & CR 548 . . . 588,
Hunter v Canary Wharf [1997] AC 655, HL . . . 10,
713, 811, 918, 953
Huntingford v Hobbs [1993] 1 FLR 736 . . . 545, 572
Hunts Refuse Disposals Ltd v Norfolk
Environmental Waste Services Ltd [1997]
1 EGLR 16, CA . . . 768
Hurst v Picture Theatres Ltd [1915] 1 KB 1,
CA . . . 710, 746
Hussein v Mehlman [1992] 2 EGLR 87
(County Court) . . . 816, 821, 826
Hutten-Czapska v Poland (2007)
45 EHRR 4 . . . 85
Huyton SA v Peter Cremer & Co [1999]
CLC 230 . . . 1089
Hydeshire Ltd’s Application, Re (1994)
67 P & CR 93 . . . 1009
Hypo Mortgage Services Ltd v Robinson [1997] 2
FLR 71 . . . 467
IDC Group Ltd v Clark [1992] 1 EGLR 187; (1992)
65 P & CR 179 . . . 177, 183, 765
IKSCON v UK (App No 20490/92) . . . 118
Ingram v IRC [1997] 4 All ER 395 . . . 682, 819
International Tea Stores Co v Hobbs [1903]
2 Ch 165 . . . 939
Inwards v Baker [1965] 2 QB 29, CA . . . 351,
737–40
Ivory Gate Ltd v Spetale (1999)
77 P & CR 141 . . . 876
J Sainsbury plc v Enfield LBC [1989]
1 WLR 590 . . . 990
J Willis & Sons v Willis 1986] 1 EGLR 62 . . . 342
JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd v Graham [2001]
EWCA Civ 117; [2002] UKHL 30;
[2003] 1 AC 419 . . . 75, 88, 247, 255–62
JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd v UK (2006)
43 EHRR 3 . . . 92, 93, 96, 247, 277–80, 673
Jaggard v Sawyer [1995] 1 WLR 269,
CA . . . 1004, 1006
Jamaica Mutual Life Assurance Society v
Hillsborough Ltd [1989] 1 WLR 1101 . . . 1002
James Jones & Sons Ltd v Earl of Tankerville
[1909] 2 Ch 440 . . . 745, 747
James v Thomas [2008] 1 FLR 1598 . . . 559
James v UK (1986) 8 EHRR 123 . . . 80, 89–96, 817
Javins v First National Realty (1970) 428
F 2d 1071 (District of Columbia
Court of Appeals) . . . 751
Jennings v Rice [2002] EWCA Civ 159; [2003] 1 P
& CR 100 . . . 339–50, 537, 738
Jervis v Harris [1996] 1 ALL ER 303 . . . 872
Jeune v Queen’s Cross Properties Ltd [1974]
Ch 97 . . . 872
Jones v Challenger [1960] 2 WLR 695 . . . 608
Jones v Kernott [2010] EWCA Civ 578; [2010]
1 WLR 2401; [2011] 3 WLR 1121 . . . 367, 368,
525–32, 542, 549, 554–60, 572–4
Jones v Morgan [2001] EWCA
Civ 995 . . . 1089, 1109
Jones v Price [1965] 2 QB 618 . . . 919
Josceleyne v Nissen [1970] 2 QB 86 . . . 207
K, Re [1985] Ch 85 . . . 590
K/S Victoria St. v House of Fraser (Stores
Management) Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 904;
[2011] 2 P & CR 15 . . . 855
Karl Construction Ltd v Palisade Properties Ltd
[2002] SLT 312 . . . 97
Kaur v Gill [1988] Fam 110 . . . 23
Kay v Lambeth LBC [2006] 2 AC 465
Kay v Lambeth LBC [2006] UKHL 10, [2006]
2 AC 465 . . . 86, 62, 64, 110, 732, 816, 817, 838
Kay v UK [2011] HLR 2 . . . 73, 82, 83, 102
Keegan v UK (2007) 44 EHRR 33 . . . 101
Kelsen v Imperial Tobacco Co (of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland) Ltd [1957] 2 QB 334 . . . 38
Kelsen v Imperial Tobacco Co 1957] 2 QB 334 . . . 32
Kennedy v de Trafford [1896] 1 Ch 762; [1897]
AC 180 . . . 1159, 1160
Kennet Properties Ltd’s Application, Re (1996)
72 P & CR 353 . . . 1008, 1009
Kennet’s Application, Re (1996)
72 P & CR 353 . . . 1010
Kent v Kavanagh [2006] EWCA Civ 162,
[2007] Ch 1 . . . . . . 942–5
Keppell v Bailey (1834) 2 My & K 517 . . . 139, 142,
143, 181, 182, 734, 985
Khatun v Newham LBC [2005] QB 37 . . . 827
Khatun v UK (1998) 26 EHRR CD 212 . . . 77, 102,
Khorasandijan v Bush [1993] QB 727 . . . 757
Kilcarne Holdings Ltd v Targetfellow
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Kilgour v Gaddes [1904] 1 KB 457 . . . 913, 960
Kinane v Mackie-Conteh [2005] EWCA Civ 45,
CA . . . 215–19, 1054
Kinch v Bullard [1999] 1 WLR 423, HC . . . 580–2
King v David Allen & Sons, Billposting Ltd [1916]
2 AC 54, HL . . . 718, 725, 737
King, Re [1963] Ch 459, CA . . . 867, 869
Kingsnorth Finance Co Ltd v Tizard [1986]
1 WLR 783, HC . . . 419, 424–7, 676
Knightsbridge Estates Trust Ltd v Byrne [1939]
Ch 441, CA . . . 1116
Kryvitska & Kryvitskyy v Ukraine
(App No 30856/03) . . . 79, 85, 105
Kumar v Dunning [1989] QB 193 . . . 862, 997
Kuwait Airways v Iraqi Airways (Nos 4 & 5)
[2002] 2 AC 883 . . . 747
Lace v Chantler [1944] KB 368 . . . 793, 795
Ladup Ltd v William & Glyns Bank plc [1985]
1 WLR 851 . . . 888
Laskar v Laskar [2008] 1 WLR 2695 . . . 368
Lawntown Ltd v Kamenzuli [2007]
EWCA Civ 949 . . . 1010
Lawrence v Fen Tigers Ltd [2011]
EWHC 360 . . . 918
Lawrence v South County Freeholds Ltd [1939]
Ch 656 . . . 997
Lee Parker v Izzet [1971] 1 WLR 1688 . . . 872
Lee v Lee [1952] 2 QB 489 . . . 18
Lee’s Application, Re (1996)
72 P & CR 439 . . . 1010
Leeds City Council v Hall [2011]
2 AC 186 . . . 830
Leigh & Sillivan Ltd v Aliakmon Shipping Co Ltd
(Th e Aliakmon) [1986] AC 785 . . . 163
Leigh v Jack (1879) 5 Ex D 264 . . . 262
Lewis v Frank Love [1961] 1 WLR 261 . . . 1115
Lewis v Metropolitan Properties Realisations Ltd
[2010] Ch 148 . . . 636
Link Lending Ltd v Bustard [2010]
EWCA Civ 424 . . . 458
Link Lending v Bustard [2010]
EWCA Civ 424 . . . 463–6
Lithgow v UK (1986) 8 EHRR 329 . . . 81, 92, 94
Littledale v Liverpool College [1990]
1 Ch 19 . . . 259
Liverpool City Council v Irwin [1977]
AC 239 . . . 821, 919
Llewellyn v Lorey [2011] EWCA Civ 37 . . . 961
Lloyd v Banks (1868) LR 3 Ch App 488 . . . 422
Lloyd v Dugdale [2001] EWCA Civ 1754,
CA . . . 175, 400, 466, 722, 811
Lloyds and Lloyds Application, Re (1993)
66 P & CR 112 . . . 1010
Lloyds Bank v Byrne [1993] 1 FLR 369 . . . 617
Lloyds Bank v Carrick [1996] 4 All ER 630, [1996]
2 FLR 600; (1997) 73 P & CR 314 . . . 297–9, 440,
Lloyds Bank v Rosset [1989] Ch 350; [1991] 1 AC
107, [1990] 1 All ER 1111 . . . 212, 460, 463, 466,
525, 529–32, 558, 559, 650
Lloyds TSB Bank Plc v Holdgate [2002] EWCA
Civ 1543; [2003] HLR 25 . . . 1105
London & Blenheim Estates Ltd v Ladbroke Retail
Parks Ltd [1992] 1 WLR 1278; [1994] 1 WLR 31,
CA . . . 906, 922
London & County (A&D) Ltd v Wilfred
Sportsman Ltd [1971] Ch 764 . . . 868
London and South West Railway v Gomm (1882)
20 Ch D 562 . . . 183, 979, 985
London CC v Allen [1914] 3 KB 642, CA . . . 975
London Development Agency v Nidai [2009]
EWHC 1730 (Ch) . . . 731
London Diocesan Fund v Phithwa [2005] 1 WLR
3956; [2005] UKHL 70 . . . 855–7, 866
London North Securities Ltd v Meadows [2005]
EWCA Civ 956 . . . 1085
London Quadrant Housing Trust v Weaver [2009]
EWCA Civ 587, [2010] 1 WLR 363 . . . 68
London Tara Hotel Ltd v Kensington Close Hotel
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Long v Gowlett [1923] 2 Ch 177, HC . . . 942
Long v Tower Hamlets LBC [1998] Ch 197 . . . 221,
807–809
Longman v Viscount Chelsea (1989) 58 P & CR
189, CA . . . 223, 224
Lonrho Ltd v Shell Petroleum Co Ltd (No 2)
[1982] AC 173 . . . 179
Lopez Ostra v Spain (1995) 20 EHRR 277 . . . 77, 102
Lord Advocate v Lord Blantyre (1878–79) LR 4 All
Cas 770 . . . 258
Lord Compton’s Case (1586) 3 Leo 196 . . . 165
Lord Southampton v Brown (1827)
6 B & C 718 . . . 169
Lordsvale Finance Ltd v Bank of Zambia [1996]
QB 752 . . . 1126
Louth v Diprose (1992) 175 CLR 621 . . . 1092
Lovelock v Margo [1963] 2 QB 786 . . . 889
Lovett v Fairclough (1991) 61 P&CR 385 . . . 247
Luker v Dennis (1877) 7 Ch D 227 . . . 974
Lumley v Gye (1853) 2 E & B 216 . . . 717
Lund v Taylor (1975) 31 P & CR 16 . . . 1002
Lysaght v Edwards (1876) 2 Ch D 499 . . . 293
Lyus v Prowsa Development Ltd [1982] 1 WLR
1044 . . . 176, 177, 371, 400, 721
MBNA Europe Ltd v Thorius [2010]
ECC 8 . . . 1087
MCC Proceeds Inc v Lehman Bros [1998]
4 All ER 675 . . . 165
MRA Engineering Ltd v Trimster (1988)
50 P & CR 1 . . . 929
McAdams Homes Ltd v Robinson [2005]
1 P & CR 30, CA . . . 964
McCann v UK (2008) 47 EHRR 40 . . . 83–5, 102, 815
McCausland v Duncan Lawrie Ltd [1997]
1 WLR 38 . . . 197
Macedo v Stroud [1922] 2 AC 330 . . . 169
Macepark (Whittlebury) Ltd v Sargeant (No 2)
[2003] 1 WLR 2284, HC . . . 909
McGuffick v Royal Bank of Scotland [2009]
EWHC 2386 . . . 1085, 1114
McHugh v Union Bank of Canada [1913]
AC 299 . . . 1165
McLaughlin v Duffi ll [2010] Ch 1 . . . 194
Mcleod v UK (1999) 27 EHRR 493 . . . 101
McMorris v Brown [1999] 1 AC 142 . . . 1008, 1010
Magrath v Parkside Hotels Ltd [2011]
EWHC 143 . . . 918
Maguire v Itoh [2004] SLT (Sheriff Ct) 120 . . . 97
Maira, The [1990] 1 AC 637 . . . 1123
Maklin v Dowsett [2004] EWCA Civ 904 . . . 1101
Malayan Credit v Jack Chia [1986]
AC 549, PC . . . 367, 572
Manchester Airport plc v Dutton and ors [2000]
QB 133, CA . . . 703, 713–15
Manchester CC v Pinnock [2010] UKSC 45;
[2010] 3 WLR 1441; [2011] 2 AC 104 . . . 63, 71,
83, 102, 105–110, 113, 118, 673, 829, 830, 1154
Manjang v Drammeh (1991) 61 P & CR 194,
PC . . . 929
Mann v Stephens (1846) 15 Sim 377 . . . 972
Marchant v Charters [1977] 1 WLR 1181 . . . 734, 766
Marckx v Belgium (1979) 2 EHRR 330 . . . 90, 101
Marcroft Wagons v Smith [1951] 2 KB 496 . . . 733,
Margerison v Bates [2008] EWHC 1211 . . . 993
Marquess of Zetland v Driver [1939] Ch 1, CA . . .
978, 989, 990
Marsden v Edward Heyes [1927] 2 KB 1 . . . 751
Marten v Flight Refueling Ltd [1962]
1 Ch 115 . . . 976, 978, 990, 1000
Martin-Sklan v White [2007] BPIR 76 . . . 633
Maryland Estate v Joseph [1991] 1 WLR 83 . . . 876
Marzari v Italy (2000) 30 EHRR CD218 . . . 77
Massey v Boulden [2003] 1 WLR 1792 . . . 910
Master or Keeper, Fellows and Scholars of Clare
Hall v Harding (1848) 6 Hare 273 . . . 314
Matos E Silva Lda v Portugal (1997)
24 EHRR 573 . . . 90
Matthew v TH Sutton [1949] 4 All ER 793 . . . 1045
Matthews v Smallwood [1910] 1 Ch 777 . . . 877
Mayo, Re [1943] 1 Ch 302 . . . 607
Mayor of London v Hall and others [2010] EWCA
Civ 817 . . . 716
Meadows v Clerical Medical & General Life
Assurance Society [1981] Ch 70, HC . . . 876
Medforth v Blake [1999] 3 All ER 97; [2000] Ch
86, CA . . . 1137, 1173, 1175
Melbury Road Properties 1995 Ltd v Kreidi [1999]
3 EGLR, 110G; [1999] 44 EG 157 . . . 177, 183
Mellacher v Austria (A/169) (1990)
12 EHRR 391 . . . 82
Mellor v Watkins (1874) LR 9 QB 400 . . . 817
Melville v Grapelodge Developments Ltd (1978)
39 P & CR 179 . . . 872
Meretz Investment NV v ACP Ltd [2007] EWCA
Civ 303; [2008] Ch 244 . . . 1169
Metropolitan Railway Co v Fowler [1892]
1 QB 165 . . . 913
Mew v Tristmire Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 912 . . . 43
Michael v Miller [2004] 2 EGLR 151, CA . . . 1166
Midland Bank plc v Cooke [1995] 4 All ER 562 . . .
544, 573
Midland Bank plc v Green [1981] AC 513 . . . 679
Midland Bank Trust Co Ltd v Green (No 3)
[1981] AC 513; [1982] 2 WLR 1 . . . 178, 183,
184, 398–400, 405, 411, 420, 421, 437, 438, 472,
480, 818
Midland Bank Trust Co Ltd v Hett, Stubbs and
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Midland Railway Co’s Agreement, Re [1971]
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Miles v Easter [1933] Ch 611, CA . . . 988
Mileva v Bulgaria
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Miller Smith v Miller Smith [2010]
1 FLR 1402 . . . 607, 610, 611
Miller v Emcer Products [1956] Ch 304 . . . 922
Millman v Ellis (1995) 71 P & CR 158 . . . 938
Mills v Silver [1991] Ch 271 . . . 950, 960
Milmo v Carreras [1946] KB 306 . . . 837
Ministry of Housing and Local Government v
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Mobil Oil Co Ltd v Rawlinson (1982) 43 P & CR
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Mohammadzadeh v Joseph [2006]
EWHC 1040 . . . 995
Moldovan v Romania (2007) 44 EHRR 16 . . . 77
Moncrieff v Jamieson [2007] UKHL 42; [2007]
1 WLR 2620 . . . 139, 922–4
Montrose Court Holdings Ltd v Shamash [2006]
All ER D 272 . . . 922
Moody v Steggles (1879) 12 Ch D 261 . . . 914, 916
Moreno Gomez v Spain (App No 4143/02) . . . 77,
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Mortgage Express v Mardner [2004] EWCA
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Moule v Garrett (1872) LR 7 EX 101 . . . 852
Mounsey v Ismay (1865) 3 H & C 486 . . . 917
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Mutliservice Bookbinding Ltd v Marden [1978]
Ch 84 . . . 1121
Nash v Eads (1880) 25 SJ 95 . . . 1159
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[1981] AC 675 . . . 821
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National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth [1964] Ch
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National Trust v White [1987] 1 WLR 907 . . . 909
National Westminster Bank Plc v Malhan [2004]
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AC 686 . . . 1090, 1101
National Westminster Bank plc v Rushmer [2010]
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National Westminster Bank Plc v Skelton [1993]
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Nine Regions v Sadeer, unreported,
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Nine Regions v Singh, unreported,
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Norwich City College of Further and Higher
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1 AC 1 . . . 179, 717
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O’Rourke v UK (App No 39022/97) . . . 101
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Oceanic Village Ltd v United Attractions Ltd
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Odell, Re [1906] 2 Ch 47 . . . 237
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Odogwu v Vastguide Ltd [2009]
EWHC 3565 (Ch) . . . 500–506
[2008] EWHC 875 . . . 1113
Official Custodian for Charities v Parway Estates
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Ofulue v Bossert [2008] EWCA Civ 7; [2009]
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Old Grovebury Manor Farm Ltd v W Seymour
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Oliver v Hinton [1899] 2 Ch 264 . . . 420
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Onslow v Corriw (1817) 2 Madd 330 . . . 866
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Oughtred v IRC [1960] AC 206 . . . 294
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P&S Platt Ltd v Crouch [2003] EWCA Civ 1110;
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Paddington BC v Mendelsohn (1985)
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Palk v Mortgage Service Funding plc [1993]
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Pallant v Morgan [1953] 1 Ch 43 . . . 324, 357, 371,
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Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1980] AC 614 . . . 1089
Paragon Finance plc v DB Thakerar & Co [1999]
1 All ER 400 . . . 369
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Paragon Finance v Pender [2005] EWCA
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Parker v British Airways Board [1982] QB 1004,
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Parker v Taswell (1858) 2 De G & J 559 . . . 293, 818
Parker-Tweedale v Dunbar Bank (No 1) [1991]
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Patel v K&J Restaurants Ltd [2010] EWCA Civ
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Patel v Patel [2009] EWHC 3264 . . . 1085, 1087, 1124
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Peacock v Custins [2002] 1 WLR 1815,
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Peckham v Ellison (2000) 79 P & CR 276 . . . 934
Peffer v Rigg [1977] 1 WLR 285,
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Pennine Raceways Ltd v Kirklees MBC
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Penton v Barnett [1898] 1 QB 276 . . . 878
Perry v Rolfe [1848] VLR 297 . . . 1065
Pettitt v Pettitt [1969] 2 All ER 385; [1970] AC 777,
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Pettkus v Becker (1980) 117 DLR (3d) 257 . . . 556
Philips Hong Kong Ltd v AG of Hong Kong (1993)
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Phillips v Mobil Oil Co Ltd [1989] 1 WLR 888 . . . 862
Phillips v Phillips’ (2002) 118 LQR 296 . . . 153
Phipps v Pears [1965] 1 QB 76, CA . . . 919, 920, 946
Phoenix Recoveries (UK) Ltd v Kotecha [2011]
EWCA Civ 105 . . . 1085
Pickard v Sears (1837) 6 Ad & El 469 . . . 304
Pickering v Rudd (1815) 4 Camp 219 . . . 34
Pine Valley Developments Ltd v Ireland (1992) 14
EHRR 319 . . . 90, 91
Pinewood Estates, Re [1958] Ch 280 . . . 997
Piskor’s Case [1954] Ch 553 . . . 395
Pitcher v Rawlins (1871–72) LR 7 Ch
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Pitt v PHH Asset Management Ltd [1994]
1 WLR 327 . . . 197
Plimmer v Wellington Corpn (1884)
9 App Cas 699 (PC) . . . 738
Polly Peck International (No 2), Re . . . 370
Association v Donoghue [2001] EWCA Civ 595,
[2002] QB 48 . . . 68
146 . . . 183
Pountney v Clayton (1883) 11 QBD 820 . . . 36, 37
Powell and Rayner v UK (1990)
12 EHRR 355 . . . 117
Powell and Ryaner v UK (1990)
12 EHRR 355 . . . 102, 103
Powell v McFarlane (1979)
38 P & CR 452 . . . 252, 256–60
35 EHRR 1 . . . 82
Pritchard v Briggs [1980] Ch 338 . . . 488
Proctor v Bennis (1887) 36 Ch D 740, CA . . . 316
Proctor v Hodgson (1855) 10 Exch 824 . . . 929
Prokopovich v Russia (App No 58255/00) . . . 79
Property and Bloodstock Ltd v Emerton
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Prudential Assurance Ltd v London Residuary
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Pugh v Savage [1970] 2 QB 373 . . . 961
Purbrick v London Borough of Hackney [2003]
EWHC 1871 . . . 261
Purchase v Lichfield Brewery Co [1915]
1 KB 184 . . . 862
Pwllbach Colliery Co Ltd v Woodman [1915]
AC 634 . . . 931
Pye v UK (2006) 43 EHRR 3; (2008)
46 EHRR 45 . . . 77
Q v Q [2009] 1 FLR 935 . . . 366
Quaffers Ltd, Re (1988) 56 P & CR 142 . . . 1008
Quennell v Maltby [1979] 1 WLR 318,
CA . . . 1138, 1168
Quigley v Masterson [2011]
EWHC 2529 (Ch) . . . 578, 579
RHP Ltd v Mirror Group Newspapers and
Mirror Group Holdings (1992) 65 P &
CR 252 . . . 852
R v Benjafield [2002] UKHL 2 . . . 88
R v Hardcastle [2009] UKSC 14 . . . 63
R v Kansal (No 2) [2001] UKHL 62 . . . 88
R v Lyons (No 3) [2002] UKHL 44 . . . 88
R v Oxfordshire CC, ex p Sunningwell Parish
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R v Rezvi [2002] UKHL 1 . . . 88
R v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
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Regions [2003] 2 AC 295 . . . 117, 118
R (Beresford) v Sunderland CC [2003] UKHL 60
[2004] 1 AC 889 . . . 947, 957, 958
R (Hooper) v Secretary of State for Work and
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R (Lewis) v Recar & Cleveland Borough Council
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R (on the application of Begum) v Denbigh High
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R (on the application of British Bankers
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R (on the application of Daly) v SS for the Home
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R (on the application of IFG Financial Services
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R (on the application of Nasseri) v SS for the
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R (on the application of the British Bankers
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R (Wilkinson) v Inland Revenue Commissioners
[2005] 1 WLR 1718
Rainbow Estates Ltd v Tokenhold Ltd 1999]
Ch 64 . . . 872
Rains v Buxton (1880) 14 Ch D 537 . . . 253
Raja v Austin Gray [2003] 1 EGLR 91 . . . 1173
Ramroop (Sampson) v Ishmael and Heerasingh
[2010] UKPC 14 . . . 259
Ramsden v Dyson (1866) LR 1 HL 129 . . . 314–16,
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Rance v Elvin (1985) 50 P & CR 9 . . . 919
Record v Bell [1991] 1 WLR 853 . . . 204
Redstone Mortgages plc v Welch & Jackson
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Rees Investment Ltd v Groves [2002] 1 P & CR
DG 9 . . . 1144
Rees v Sherrett [2001] EWCA Civ 760; [2001]
1 WLR 1541 . . . 919, 920
Reeve v Lisle [1902] AC 461 . . . 1115
Regan v Paul Properties Ltd [2006] EWCA
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Regent Oil Co Ltd v JA Gregory (Hatch End) Ltd
[1966] Ch 402 . . . 1052
Reichman v Beveridge [2006]
EWCA Civ 1659 . . . 816, 871
Reid v Bickerstaff [1909] 2 Ch 305 . . . 997, 999
Reliance Permanent Building Society v
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Renals v Cowlishaw (1878) 8 Ch D 125 . . . 988,
Republic of Croatia v Republic of Serbia [2010]
Ch 200 . . . 451
Rexhaven Ltd v Nurse (1995)
28 HLR 241 . . . 894
Rhone v Stephens [1994] 2 AC 310 . . . 157, 168,
972, 973, 979, 982
Richard Clarke & Co Ltd v Widnall [1976]
1 WLR 845 . . . 874
Ricketts v Scothorn 77 NW 365 (1898) . . . 313
Roake v Chadha [1984] 1 WLR 40, HC . . . 993, 997
Robert Leonard Developments v Wright [1994]
NPC 49 . . . 203, 207
Roberts Petroleum Ltd v Bernard Kenny Ltd
[1983] 2 AC 192 . . . 1059
Roberts v Swangrove Estates Ltd [2007]
2 P & CR 17 . . . 258
Robertson v Fraser (1870–71) LR 6 Ch App 696 . . .
571, 574
Rochefoucauld v Boustead [1897] 1 Ch 196 . . . 171,
357, 360, 371–80, 385, 387, 476, 602, 606
Roe v Siddons (1889) 22 QBD 224 . . . 913
Rogers v Hosegood [1900] 2 Ch 388 . . . 988–90
Ropaigealach v Barclays Bank plc [2000] QB 263,
CA . . . 1141, 1156
Ropemaker Properties Ltd v Noonhaven Ltd
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Rose, Re [1949] Ch 78 . . . 233
Rose v Hyman [1912] AC 623 . . . 892
Rowland v Environment Agency [2003] EWCA
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Royal Bank of Scotland Plc v Chandra [2011]
EWCA Civ 192; [2010] 1 Lloyds Rep 677 . . . 1091,
Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge (No 2) [2001]
UKHL 44; [2002] 2 AC 773 . . . 240, 614, 1089,
1090, 1094–1106
Royal Trust Co of Canada v Markham [1975]
1 WLR 1416 . . . 1140
Royal Victoria Pavilion, Ramsgate, Re [1961]
Ch 58 . . . 973
Rubenstein v HSBC Bank Plc [2011]
EWHC 2304 . . . 1078
Rugby School (Governors) v Tannahill [1935]
1 KB 87 . . . 882, 884
SEDAC Investments Ltd v Tanner [1982]
1 WLR 1342 . . . 872
Saadi v Italy [2009] 49 EHRR 30 . . . 79
Saeed v Plustrade Ltd [2001] EWCA Civ 2011,
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Samuel Keller Holdings Ltd v Martins Bank Ltd
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Samuel v Jarrah Timber & Wood Paving
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Saunders v Anglia Building Society, sub nom
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Saunders v Vautier (1841) 4 Beav 115 . . . 593
Savage v Hubble [1953] CPL 416 . . . 17
Savmots v Investments Ltd v Secretary of State for
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Savva v Hussein (1997) 73 P & CR 150, CA . . . 882
Sayers v Collyer (1885) 28 Ch D 103 . . . 1007
Scala House & District Property Co Ltd v Forbes
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Schwann v Cotton [1916] 2 Ch 120; [1916]
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Scott v UK (App No 10741/84) . . . 91, 1010
Seddon v Smith (1877) 36 LT 168 . . . 260
Segal Securities Ltd v Thoseby [1963] 1 QB 887,
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Selby DC v Samuel Smith Old Brewery
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Selous Street Properties Ltd v Oronel Fabrics Ltd
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Seymour Road (Southampton ) Ltd v Williams
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Shah v Shah [2002] QB 35 . . . 222
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Shaw v Applegate [1977] 1 WLR 970 . . . 1006
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Shell UK Ltd & ors v Total UK Ltd & ors [2010]
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Shepherd Homes Ltd v Sandham [1971]
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Sheppard v Turner [2006] 2 P & CR 28 . . . 1009
Shiloh Spinners Ltd v Harding [1973] AC 691 . . . 419
Shipman v Shipman [1924] 2 Ch 140 . . . 16
Shropshire CC v Edwards (1982)
46 P & CR 270 . . . 997
[2004] 1 WLR 997, CA . . . 1162, 1173–5
Simmons v Dobson [1991] 1 WLR 720 . . . 960
Singh v Beggs (1996) 71 P & CR 120 . . . 197
Site Developments (Ferndown) Ltd v Barrett
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Smith and Snipes Hall Farm Ltd v River Douglas
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Smith v Brudenell-Bruce [2002]
2 P & CR 51, HC . . . 956
Smith v Chadwick (1884) 9 App Cas 187 . . . 326
Snaith and Dolding’s Application, Re (1995)
Snook v London and West Ridings Investments
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Sobey v Sainsbury [1913] 2 Ch 513 . . . 1007
Somma v Hazelhurst [1978] 1 WLR 1014 . . . 773
Southern Nigeria v John Holt & Co (Liverpool)
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Southwark Roman Catholic Diocesan Corp v
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EWHC 3368 . . . 990
Sovmots Investment Ltd v Secretary of State for
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Spectrum Investment Co v Holmes [1981] 1 WLR
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Spectrum Plus Ltd, Re [2005]
2 AC 680, HL . . . 1048
Spencer’s Case (1583) 5 Co Rep 16a . . . 734, 847, 861
Spicer v Martin (1888) 14 App Cas 12 . . . 999
Spiro v Glencrown Properties Ltd [1991]
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Sporrong and Lonnroth v Sweden (1982) 8 EHRR
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Stafford v Lee (1993) 63 P & CR 172, CA . . . 932
Standard Chartered Bank Ltd v Walker [1982]
1 WLR 1410 . . . 1162, 1163
Standard Property Investment plc v British
Plastics Federation (1987) 53 P & CR 25 . . . 432
Stanhope v Haworth (1886) 3 TLR 34 . . . 889
Stannard v Issa [1987] AC 175 . . . 1009
Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd and another v
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[1984] FLR 313 . . . 463
Stocks v Whitgift Homes Ltd [2001] EWCA Civ
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Stokes v Anderson [1991] 1 FLR 391 . . . 544
Strand Securities Ltd v Caswell [1965]
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Street v Denham [1954] 1 WLR 624 . . . 17, 19, 20
Street v Mountford [1985] AC 809 . . . 136, 699,
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Street v Mountford (1996) 16 LS 200 . . . 779, 795
Sturges v Bridgman (1879)
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Sugarman v Porter [2006] EWHC 331 . . . 997
Sunningwell [2000] 1 AC 335 . . . 961
Surrey County Council v Bredero Homes Ltd
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Swallow Securities Ltd v Brand (1981) 45 P & CR
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Swift Ist Ltd v Colin [2011] EWHC 2410 . . . 1054,
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Swiss Bank Group v Lloyds Bank Ltd [1979]
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TSB plc v Marshall [1998] 2 FLR 769 . . . 620
Take Harvest Ltd v Liu [1993] AC 552 . . . 211
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Taylor Fashions Ltd v Liverpool Victoria Trustees
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Taylor v Central Bedfordshire Council [2009]
EWCA Civ 613 . . . 73
Taylor v London and County Banking Co [1901]
2 Ch 231 . . . 420
Tecbild Ltd v Chamberlain (1969)
20 P & CR 633 . . . 255
Tehidy Minerals Ltd v Norman [1971]
2 QB 518 . . . 950, 953, 965
Texaco Antilles v Kernochan [1973] AC 609 . . . 1003
Texaco v Mulberry Filling Station [1972]
1 WLR 814 . . . 1121
Thames Guaranty Ltd v Campbell [1985]
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Thamesmead Town Ltd v Allotey (2000) 79 P &
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Thomas v Clydesdale Bank [2010] EWHC 2755;
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Thomas v Hayward (1869) LR 4 Ex 311 . . . 862
Thompson v Foy [2010]
1 P&CR 16 . . . 457, 462, 467
Thompson v Park [1944] KB 408 . . . 709, 750
Thorner v Major [2009] UKHL 18, [2009] 1 WLR
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Tichborne v Weir (1892) 67 LTR 735 . . . 266
Tinsley v Milligan [1994] 1 AC 340, HL . . . 365
Titchmarsh v Royston Water Co Ltd (1899) 81 LT
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Tito v Wadell (No 2) [1977] 1 Ch 106 . . . 982
Tomlin v Luce (1889) 43 ChD 191 . . . 1159, 1160
Tootal Clothing Ltd v Guinea Property
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Topplan Estates Ltd v Townley [2004] EWCA
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Topplan Estates v Townley [2004]
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Treseder-Griffi n case [1956] 2 QB 127 . . . 1125
Tribe v Tribe [1996] Ch 107 . . . 366
Truman Hanbury Buxton & Co Ltd’s Application,
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Tse Kwong Lam v Wong Chit Sen [1983] 1 WLR
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Tulk v Moxhay (1848) 2 Ph 774 . . . 180, 181, 734,
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Turkey v Awadh [2005] 2 FCR 7 . . . 1101
Twentieth Century Banking Corp v Wilkinson
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Twinsectra Ltd v Hynes [(1995) 71 P & CR 145 . . . 876
UBC Corporate Services Ltd v Williams [2002]
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UK Housing Alliance (North West) Ltd v Francis
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Ulrich v Ulrich and Felton [1968]
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Ungurian v Lesnoff [1990] Ch 206,
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Union Lighterage Co v London Graving Dock Co
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United Bank of Kuwait plc v Sahib [1996]
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United Dominions Trust Ltd v Shellpoint
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Universe Sentinel, The [1983] 1 AC 366,
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Ure v UK (App No 28027/95) Commission
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Van Haarlam v Kasner (1992)
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Vandervell’s Trusts (No 2), Re [1974] Ch 269 . . . 360
Vernon v Bethell (1761) 2 Eden 113 . . . 1107
Verrall v Great Yarmouth Borough Council [1981]
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Voyce v Voyce (1991) 62 P & CR 290 . . . 351, 354
Wainwright v Home Office [2002] QB 1334 . . . 88
Wakeham v Wood (1982) 43 P & CR 40 . . . 1006
Walker v Hall [1984] 1 FLR 126 . . . 545
Wall v Collins [2007] EWCA Civ 444; [2007]
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Wallingford v Mutual Society (1880) 5 App Cas
685 . . . 1127
Wallis & Simmonds (Builders) Ltd, Re [1974] 1
All ER 561; [1974] 1 WLR 391 . . . 1055
Wallis’s Cayton Bay Holiday Camp Ltd v ShellMex and BP Ltd [1975] QB 94, CA . . . 255
Walsh v Lonsdale (1882) 21 Ch D 9 . . . 157, 168,
291–7, 413, 492, 810, 1058
Walton v Walton, unreported, (14 Apr 1994,
CA . . . 317
164 CLR 387 . . . 312
Wandsworth Board of Works v. United Telephone
Co. Ltd (1884) 13 QBD 904 . . . 34
Wandsworth v Dixon [2009]
EWHC 27 (Admin) . . . 815
Ward v Kirkland [1967] Ch 194 . . . 937, 938, 945
Waring v London and Manchester Assurance Co
Ltd [1935] Ch 310 . . . 1170
Warnborough Ltd v Garmite Ltd [2003] EWCA
Civ 1544, CA . . . 1115
Warwick v Trustee in Bankruptcy of Yarwood
[2010] EWHC 2272 (Ch) . . . 312
Watson v Croft –Promo Sport Ltd [2009] EWCA
Civ 15 . . . 1004
Waverley Borough Council v Fletcher [1996] QB
334, CA . . . 55–7
Wayling v Jones (1993) 69 P & CR 170,
CA . . . 327–9, 539, 541
Webb v Frank Bevis Ltd [1940] 1 All ER 247 . . . 44
Webb v Pollmount [1966] Ch 584 . . . 456
Webb’s Lease, Re [1951] Ch 808, CA . . . 933, 934
Weg Motors Ltd v Hales [1962] Ch 49 . . . 1052
West Bromwich Building Society v Wilkinson
[2005] UKHL 44 . . . 1176
West London Commercial Bank v Reliance
Permanent Building Society (1885)
29 Ch D 954 . . . 1157
Westdeutsche Landesbank Gorozentrale v
Islington LBC [1996] AC 669 . . . 300, 360, 361,
364, 369, 1123
Western Bank Ltd v Schindler [1977]
Ch 1 . . . 1143, 1145
Westminster City Council v Clarke [1992] 2 AC
288, HL . . . 768–70, 829, 834
Whale v Viasystems [2002] EWCA Civ 480 . . . 449
Whatman v Gibson (1839) 2 My & K 517 . . . 972
Wheeldon v Burrows (1879) 12 LR
Ch D 31 . . . 901, 913, 926, 927, 935–45
Wheeler v Saunders [1996] Ch 19 . . . 938
White Rose Cottage, Re [1965] Ch 940 . . . 1131
White v Bijou Mansions Ltd [1938]
Ch 351 . . . 169
White v City of London Brewery (1889) 42 Ch D
237 . . . 1137
White v White [2003] EWCA 924, CA . . . 605,
607, 617
Wilkes v Spooner [1911] 2 KB 473 . . . 419
William & Glyn’s Bank v Boland [1981]
1 AC 487 . . . 657
William Old International Ltd v Arya [2009]
EWHC 599 . . . 919
Williams & Glyn’s Bank v Boland [1979] Ch 312;
[1981] 1 AC 487, HL . . . 147–50, 394, 404, 405,
431, 458–60, 677
Williams Brothers Direct Supply Ltd v Raftery
[1958] 1 QB 159 . . . 255
Williams v Glyn’s Bank v Boland [1981] AC 487
. . . 600
Williams v Hensman (1861) J&H 546, (1861) 70
ER 862 . . . 575, 582, 587, 588
Williams v Kiley (t/a CK Supermarkets Ltd) (No
1) [2003] L & TR 20 . . . 871
Williams v Sandy Lane (Chester) Ltd [2006]
EWCA Civ 1738 . . . 961, 965
Williams v Staite [1979] Ch 291, CA . . . 739, 741
Williams v Williams [1976] 3 WLR 494 . . . 608
Wilson v First County Council Trust Ltd (No 2)
[2003] UKHL 40, [2004] 1 AC 816 . . . 84, 88, 91,
Wilson v Hurstanger Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 299
. . . 1085
Wilson v Secretary of State for Trade & Industry
[2003] UKHL 40 . . . 672
Wimbledon and Putney Commons [2008] EWCA
Civ 200; [2008] 1 WLR 1172 . . . 950
Winter Garden Theatre (London) Ltd v
Millennium Productions Ltd [1948]
AC 173, HL . . . 700, 707–10, 727
Winter v Traditional & Contemporary Contracts
[2007] EWCA Civ 1088 . . . 1006
Wollerton v Black Horse Ltd, unreported, 26th
March 2010 . . . 1087
Wong v Beaumont Property Trust Ltd [1965] 1 QB
173 . . . 931
Wood v Leadbitter (1845) 13 M & W 838 . . . 700,
711, 727, 746
Woodall v Clifton [1905] 2 Ch 257, 279 . . . 862
Woolwich Building Society v Brown [1996] CLC
625 . . . 1147
Worcester (Earl of ) v Finch (1600) 4 Co Inst 85
Wright v Macadam [1949] 2 KB 744, CA . . . 922,
Wroth v Tyler [1974] Ch 30 . . . 431
Ltd [1974] 1 WLR 798, HC . . . 978, 1006
X and Y v Netherlands (1985)
8 ECRR 235 . . . 102
Yanner v Eaton (1999) 201 CLR 351 (High Court
of Australia) . . . 29, 30
Yates v Nemo Personal Finance, unreported, 14
May 2010, . . . 1087
Yaxley v Gotts [2000] 1 Ch 162, CA . . . 210–15,
324, 373
UKHL 55; [2008] 1 WLR 1752 . . . 218, 319–25,
335–8, 368
Yorkshire Bank Plc v Hall [1999] 1 WLR 1713 . . .
Yorkshire Railway Co v Maclure (1882) 21 Ch D
309 . . . 776
Zimbler v Abrahams [1903] 1 KB 577 . . . 792
The European Convention on Human Rights is tabled under Sch 1 of the Human Rights Act
Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992 . . . 926
s 9(1)(ii) . . . 644
s 36 . . . 1133, 1139–54, 1158
s 39(1) . . . 1143
Administration of Justice Act 1973, s 8 . . . 1144–7
Antisocial Behaviour Act 2003 . . . 830
Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008 . . . 14
Bankruptcy Act 1914 . . . 586
s 1(1) . . . 1058
s 1(5) . . . 1059
s 2(1)(a)(i) . . . 1058
s 3(4) . . . 1059
s 6(1)(a) . . . 1059
s 15 . . . 706
Sch 1 . . . 706
Civil Aviation Act 1949, s 40 . . . 34
Civil Partnership Act 2004 . . . 563
s 82 . . . 23, 743
Sch 5, para 2 . . . 523
Sch 9 . . . 23, 743
Reform Act 2002 . . . 1015, 1016
s 3(1) . . . 1025
s 7 . . . 1025
s 8 . . . 1025
s 9 . . . 1025
s 9(3) . . . 1025
s 10 . . . 1025
s 14 . . . 1031
s 15(2) . . . 1026
s 16 . . . 1030
s 17(1) . . . 1027
s 17(5) . . . 1026
s 20(1) . . . 1027
s 21 . . . 1021, 1027
s 22(1) . . . 1027
s 23 . . . 1026
s 24 . . . 1026
s 25 . . . 1026
s 26 . . . 1031
ss 27–29 . . . 1027
s 30 . . . 1026
s 31 . . . 1029
s 35 . . . 1033
s 35(3) . . . 1034
s 38 . . . 1032
s 39 . . . 1032
s 119 . . . 1019
s 120 . . . 1019
s 156 . . . 1022
s 162 . . . 1022
s 167 . . . 1023
s 168 . . . 1023
Sch 3 . . . 1030, 1034
Common Law Procedure Act 1852 . . . 894
s 212 . . . 889
Commons Registration Act 1965 . . . 231, 469
Consumer Credit Act 1974 . . . 1072
s 8 . . . 1082
s 16(1) . . . 1082
s 16A . . . 1082, 1083
s 16B . . . 1083
s 16C . . . 1082
s 32 . . . 1084
ss 33A–33E . . . 1084
s 40 . . . 1084
s 55 . . . 1084
s 58 . . . 1085
s 60 . . . 1084
s 61 . . . 1085
s 64 . . . 1085
s 65 . . . 1085
s 67 . . . 1085
s 68 . . . 1085
s 76 . . . 1084, 1139
ss 77–78A . . . 1084
ss 86B–86E . . . 1084, 1085, 1139
s 87 . . . 1084, 1085
s 88 . . . 1084, 1139
s 88B . . . 1156
s 88C . . . 1156
s 92 . . . 1085
s 105 . . . 1084, 1085
s 106 . . . 1085
s 113 . . . 1085
s 126 . . . 1085, 1139
s 127 . . . 91, 1085
s 127(3) . . . 85
s 129 . . . 1140
s 130 . . . 1140
s 135 . . . 1085
s 136 . . . 1085
ss 137–140 . . . 1085
s 140A . . . 1086, 1087, 1118, 1123
s 140A(5) . . . 1082
ss 140A–140C . . . 1082, 1083, 1135
s 140B . . . 1086
s 396 . . . 1084
Consumer Credit Act 2006 . . . 1085
s 15 . . . 85, 91
ss 59–61 . . . 1085
Contracts (Rights of Th ird Parties)
Act 1999 . . . 869
s 1 . . . 170, 722, 870, 1003, 1004
s 1(1)(b) . . . 719
s 1(5) . . . 719
s 2 . . . 719
Conveyancing Act 1881 . . . 858
s 6 . . . 938, 939
s 58 . . . 991, 992
Conveyancing Act 1911 . . . 858
Act 2000 . . . 902
County Court Act 1984 . . . 894
s 138(2)–(4) . . . 889
s 138(9A) . . . 889
s 139(2) . . . 889
Criminal Law Act 1977, s 6 . . . 4, 732, 888
Electricity Act 1989 . . . 902
Enterprise Act 2002 . . . 1044
s 8 . . . 1084
Environmental Protection Act 1990,
ss 79–82 . . . 826
Equality Act 2010, s 199 . . . 368
European Communities Act 1972 . . . 62
Family Law Act 1996 . . . 430
s 3(5) . . . 560
s 30 . . . 559, 743
s 30(1) . . . 560
s 30(9) . . . 560
ss 30–33 . . . 23
s 31 . . . 744
s 31(10) . . . 745
s 33 . . . 560, 609, 610
s 33(1) . . . 609
s 35 . . . 560
s 36 . . . 560
s 56 . . . 1143
s 62(3) . . . 609
Act 2000 . . . 1072
s 2(2)(c) . . . 1076
ss 8–10 . . . 1077
s 19 . . . 1077
s 22 . . . 196
s 23 . . . 1077
s 26 . . . 1077
s 28 . . . 1077
s 56 . . . 1077
s 64 . . . 1077
s 66 . . . 1077
s 71 . . . 1077
s 138 . . . 1077
s 150 . . . 1078
s 232 . . . 1081
Sch 2 . . . 196
Forfeiture Act 1982 . . . 590
Fraud Act 1996 . . . 366
Gas Act 1986 . . . 902
Grantee of Reversions Act 1540 . . . 858
s 384 . . . 716
s 385 . . . 716
Habeas Corpus Act 1679 . . . 745
Housing Act 1974 . . . 1021
Housing Act 1980 . . . 6, 828, 1021
s 80(1) . . . 829
s 81 . . . 829
s 84(2) . . . 829
s 89 . . . 113, 114
Housing Act 1985 . . . 6, 231, 755
Pt IV . . . 768
s 79 . . . 828
s 84 . . . 103
s 609 . . . 976
Housing Act 1988 . . . 797, 828
Housing Act 1996 . . . 830, 1020
s 81 . . . 1023
s 82A . . . 111
s 143D–143F . . . 111, 112
s 153A . . . 830
s 153B . . . 830
Housing Act 2004, Pt 6 . . . 1067
Housing Finance Act 1971 . . . 1021
s 1(1) . . . 62
s 2 . . . 59, 61, 62, 76, 81
s 3 . . . 59, 62–7, 71, 74, 75, 85, 112, 114,
634, 672
s 4 . . . 64, 672
s 6 . . . 59, 62, 67, 68, 74, 75, 85, 106, 112, 732
s 6(2) . . . 71
s 6(2)(b) . . . 72
s 6(3) . . . 65
s 7 . . . 72, 106
s 7(7) . . . 67
s 8 . . . 67, 74
s 10 . . . 64
s 22(4) . . . 88
Sch 1 ECHR
Art 1 . . . 85
Art 3 . . . 79
Art 6 . . . 59, 66, 85, 88
Art 6(1) . . . 116–118
Art 8 . . . 59–62, 73, 74–87, 97–111, 114, 117, 119,
613, 626, 634, 635, 636, 671–4, 732, 733, 815,
826, 830, 831
Art 8(1) . . . 99
Art 10 . . . 61, 76, 79
Art 11 . . . 61
Art 14 . . . 59, 61, 115, 635, 1155
Art 26 . . . 61
Art 27(2) . . . 61
Art 34 . . . 67
Protocol 1, Art 1 . . . 59–61, 78, 80, 88–98, 103,
117, 119, 277, 280, 281, 613, 626, 671–4, 732,
826, 929
Protocol 12 . . . 115
Inheritance (Provision for Family and
Dependants) Act 1975 . . . 328
Inheritance Tax Act 1984, s 49 . . . 683
Insolvency Act 1986 . . . 586
s 51 . . . 1029
s 122 . . . 1029
s 124 . . . 1029
s 283A . . . 636–8
s 313 . . . 637
s 313A . . . 636
s 335A . . . 613, 615, 627–36
s 335A(3) . . . 629, 634
s 336 . . . 632, 635
s 337 . . . 635
s 421A . . . 587
Sch B1 . . . 1044
Insolvency Act 2006, s 72A . . . 1171
s 6 . . . 648
s 6(3) . . . 656
Judicature Acts 1873–75 . . . 292, 862
Land Charges Act, 1925 .