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1 EN V1.3.1 ( ) European Standard (Telecommunications series) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land Mobile service (RP 02); Radio equipment using an integral antenna transmitting signals to initiate a specific response in the receiver; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
2 2 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Reference DEN/ERM-RP Keywords antenna, mobile, radio, receiver, signalling, PMR 650 Route des Lucioles F Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: Fax: Siret N NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other documents is available at If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute All rights reserved.
3 3 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Contents Intellectual Property Rights...7 Foreword...7 Introduction Scope References Definitions, symbols and abbreviations Definitions Symbols Abbreviations General Presentation of equipment for testing purposes Mechanical and electrical design General Controls Transmitter shut-off facility Marking Interpretation of the measurement results Technical characteristics Transmitter parameter limits Frequency error Effective radiated power Effective radiated power under normal test conditions Effective radiated power under extreme test conditions Adjacent channel power Transmitter Spurious emissions Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter Receiver parameter limits Average usable sensitivity (field strength) Co-channel rejection Adjacent channel selectivity Spurious response rejection Intermodulation response rejection Blocking or desensitization Receiver Spurious radiations Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures Normal and extreme test conditions Test power source Normal test conditions Normal temperature and humidity Normal test power source Mains voltage Regulated lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles Other power sources Extreme test conditions Extreme temperatures Extreme test source voltages Mains voltage Regulated lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles Power sources using other types of batteries Other power sources Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation... 20
4 4 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation General conditions Normal test signals, test conditions and the unwanted test signals Artificial antenna Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements Transmitter automatic shut-off facility Modes of operation of the transmitter Arrangements for test signals at the input of the receiver via a test fixture or a test antenna Receiver mute or squelch facility Encoder for receiver measurements Facilities for access between the receiver demodulator output and its decoder Calling indicator Reset Reset time Method of measurements for transmitter parameters Frequency error Definition Method of measurement Effective radiated power Definition Method of measurement Maximum effective radiated power under normal test conditions Average effective radiated power under normal test conditions Method of measurements of maximum and average effective radiated power under extreme test conditions Adjacent channel power Definition Method of measurement Radiated spurious emissions Definition Method of measurement Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter Definitions Method of measurement Methods of measurement for receiver parameters Average usable sensitivity (field strength, responses) Definition Method of measurement under normal test conditions Method of measurement of the average usable sensitivities under extreme test conditions References for degradation measurements Definition Procedures for measurements using the test fixture Procedures for measurements using the test site Co-channel rejection Definition Method of measurement Adjacent channel selectivity Definition Method of measurement Spurious response rejection Definition Introduction to the method of measurement Measurement arrangement Method of the search Method of measurement Intermodulation response rejection Definition Method of measurement Blocking or desensitization Definition... 44
5 5 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Method of measurement Receiver Spurious radiations Definition Method of measurement Measurement uncertainty...49 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement...50 A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields...50 A.1.1 Anechoic Chamber A.1.2 Anechoic Chamber with a conductive ground plane A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) A.1.4 Test antenna A.1.5 Substitution antenna A.1.6 Measuring antenna A.1.7 Stripline arrangement A General A Description A Calibration A Mode of use A.2 Guidance on the use of radiated emissions test sites...55 A.2.1 Verification of the test site A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT A.2.4 Volume control setting for analogue speech tests A.2.5 Range length A.2.6 Site preparation A.3 Coupling of signals...57 A.3.1 General A.3.2 Data Signals A.3.3 Speech and analogue signals A Acoustic coupler description A Calibration A.4 Standard test position...58 A.5 Test fixture...58 A.5.1 Description A.5.2 Calibration A.5.3 Mode of use Annex B (normative): Specifications for adjacent channel power measurement arrangements...61 B.1 Power measuring receiver specification...61 B.1.1 General B.1.2 IF filter B.1.3 Oscillator and amplifier B.1.4 Attenuation indicator B.1.5 Level indicators B R.m.s level indicator B Peak level indicator... 63
6 6 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Annex C (normative): Graphical representation of the selection of equipment and frequencies for testing...64 C.1 Tests on a single sample...64 C.2 Tests and samples needed when the switching range is a subset of the alignment range...65 C.3 Tests and samples for a family of equipment where the alignment range is a subset of the total operating frequency range...66 C.3.1 Test scenario C.3.2 Test scenario Bibliography...68 History...69
7 7 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for members and non-members, and can be found in SR : "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to in respect of standards", which is available from the Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the Web server ( Pursuant to the IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR (or the updates on the Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document is part 1 of a multi-part standard covering Land Mobile service (RP 02); Radio equipment using an integral antenna transmitting signals to initiate a specific response in the receiver, as identified below: Part 1: Part 2: "Technical characteristics and methods of measurement"; "Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive". Annex A provides additional information concerning radiated measurements. Annex B contains specifications for adjacent channel power measurement arrangements. Annex C is a graphic representation of subclause 4.1, referring to the presentation of equipment for testing purposes. National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 10 November 2000 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 28 February 2001 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 August 2001 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 August 2001 Introduction The present document is intended to specify the minimum performance and the methods of measurement of radio equipment for use in the land mobile service as specified in the scope. Clause 5 provides the corresponding limits. These limits have been chosen to ensure an acceptable grade of service and to minimize harmful interference to other equipment and services. They are based on the interpretation of the measurement results described in subclause 4.3. The measurement methods have been adapted from TR [4] where possible. Channel separations, maximum transmitter effective radiated power, the type and characteristics of modulation and the inclusion of automatic transmitter shut-off facility may be conditions required for the issue of a licence by the appropriate administration.
8 8 EN V1.3.1 ( ) The present document may be used, in particular, by accredited test laboratories for the assessment of the performance of the equipment. In this case, the performance of the equipment submitted for testing should be representative for the performance of the corresponding production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the presentation of equipment for testing purposes (clause 4), conditions (clause 6) and measurement methods (clauses 8 and 9).
9 9 EN V1.3.1 ( ) 1 Scope The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics, which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. It applies to non-speech and to the non-speech part of combined speech/non-speech equipment with integral antennas, used in constant envelope angle modulation systems in the land mobile service, operating on radio frequencies between 30 MHz and1000mhz,withchannelseparationsof12,5khz,20khzand25khz. In the present document, a non-speech radio equipment is defined as a radio equipment transmitting a signal to initiate a specific response in the receiver. The equipment comprises a transmitter and associated encoder and/or a receiver and associated decoder. The encoder and/or decoder may be a separate piece of equipment, in which case compliance to the present document covers the combination of encoder and/or decoder and transmitter and/or receiver equipment. In the present document different requirements are given for the different radio frequency bands, channel separations, environmental conditions and types of equipment, where appropriate. The type of equipment covered by the present document is handportable stations with integral antennas. The present document is complementary to EN [1] which covers radio equipment with an internal or external RF connector transmitting signals to initiate a specific response in the receiver, for use in the land mobile service. It is primarily intended for omnidirectional applications. For combined speech/non speech equipment the present document is complementary to EN [7] which covers radio equipment using integral antennas for use in the land mobile service intended primarily for analogue speech. Radio equipment for data is covered by EN [3] and EN [8]. Requirements to be fulfilled by equipment designed to meet the requirements of several ENs can be found in clause 4. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the same number. [1] EN (V1.2): "Land mobile service; Technical characteristics and test conditions for radio equipment transmitting signals to initiate a specific response in the receiver". [2] EN (V1.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land Mobile Service; Radio equipment with an internal or external RF connector intended primarily for analogue speech; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test conditions". [3] EN (V1.3): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land mobile service; Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and speech) and having an antenna connector; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement". [4] TR : "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Methods of measurement for private mobile radio equipment".
10 10 EN V1.3.1 ( ) [5] TR : "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [6] CCITT Recommendation O.41: "Psophometer for use on telephone-type circuits". [7] EN (V1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land Mobile Service; Radio equipment using integral antennas intended primarily for analogue speech; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement". [8] EN (V1.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land Mobile Service; Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and speech) and using an integral antenna; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test conditions". [9] EN (V1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land mobile service; Presentation of equipment for type testing". [10] ETR 273: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM): Improvement of radiated methods of measurement (using test sites) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties". [11] ANSI C63.5 (1988): "Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas". [12] Council Directive of 22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations (98/34/EC). [13] IEC Publication Second edition (1988): "Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in the mobile services. Part 3: Receivers for A3E or F3E emissions".appendix F pages 130 to Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following definitions apply: angle modulation: either phase modulation (G3) or frequency modulation (F3). audio frequency load: normally a resistor of sufficient power rating to accept the maximum audio output power from the equipment under test. The value of the resistor is that stated by the manufacturer and equal to the impedance of the audio transducer at Hz. In some cases it may be necessary to place an isolating transformer between the output terminals of the receiver under test and the load. audio frequency termination: any connection other than the audio frequency load which may be required for the purpose of testing the receiver. The termination device is agreed between the manufacturer and the testing authority and details included in the test report. If special equipment is required then it is provided by the manufacturer. band-stop filter (for the SINAD meter): the characteristics of the band-stop filter used in the audio distortion factor meter and SINAD meter are such that, at the output, a Hz tone will be attenuated by at least 40 db, and at Hz the attenuation will not exceed 0,6 db. The filter characteristic is flat within 0,6 db over the ranges 20 Hz to 500 Hz and Hz to Hz. In the absence of modulation the filter should not cause more than 1 db attenuation of the total noise power of the audio frequency output of the receiver under test. integral antenna: antenna designed to be connected to the equipment without the use of a 50 Ω external connector and considered to be part of the equipment. An integral antenna may be fitted internally or externally to the equipment. psophometric weighting network: described in CCITT Recommendation O.41 [6].
11 11 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Types of measurements: conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct connection to the equipment under test. radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field. Types of station: base station: equipment fitted with an antenna socket, for use with an external antenna and intended for use in a fixed location. handportable station: equipment either fitted with an antenna socket or an integral antenna, or both, normally used on a stand-alone basis, to be carried on a person or held in the hand. mobile station: mobile equipment fitted with an antenna socket, for use with an external antenna, normally used in a vehicle or as a transportable station. Types of tests: full tests: in all cases except where qualified as "limited", tests are performed according to the present document. limited tests: the limited tests, subclause 4.1, are as follows: - receiver average usable sensitivity (field strength), subclause 9.1; - receiver adjacent channel selectivity, subclause 9.3; - transmitter frequency error, subclause 8.1; - transmitter effective radiated power, subclause 8.2; - transmitter adjacent channel power, subclause Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Eo Reference field strength (see annex A) Ro Referencedistance(seeannexA) r.m.s root mean square 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AR1 (see subclause 4.1) AR2 (see subclause 4.1) dbc db relative to the carrier power emf electro-motive force IF Intermediate Frequency RF Radio Frequency Rx Receiver SINAD Signal, Noise And Distortion (to noise and distortion ratio) Tx Transmitter VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
12 12 EN V1.3.1 ( ) 4 General Equipment which also includes an external or internal RF connector can be type tested either to the requirements of the present document and/or EN [7] or to the requirements of EN [2] and/or EN [1] using this connector. In the case of combined speech/non-speech equipment the speech part should be tested to the requirements of EN [7] and additionally the tests described in the following subclauses of the present document should be carried out: - subclause 8.3: adjacent channel power; - subclause 9.1: average usable sensitivity (responses). These requirements also apply for equipment with an analogue output facility provided for test purposes only. Where an equipment has already been type approved to EN [7], and is resubmitted for testing to the present document, additionally the tests described in the following subclauses of the present document should be carried out: - subclause 8.3: adjacent channel power; - subclause 8.4: radiated spurious emissions; - subclause 9.1: average usable sensitivity (responses). 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes For information regarding the presentation of equipment for testing purposes, refer to EN [9]. 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design General The equipment submitted for testing by the manufacturer, or his representative, shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with sound engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services Controls Those controls which,if maladjusted, might increase the interfering potentialities of the equipment shall not be easily accessible to the user Transmitter shut-off facility When a timer for an automatic shut-off facility is operative, at the moment of the time-out the transmitter shall automatically be switched off. The activation of the transmitter key shall reset the timer. A shut-off facility shall be inoperative for the duration of the measurements unless it has to remain operative to protect the equipment Marking The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible, tamperproof and durable. The marking shall be in accordance with EC Directives and/or CEPT decisions or recommendations as appropriate.
13 13 EN V1.3.1 ( ) 4.3 Interpretation of the measurement results The interpretation of the results (e.g. results recorded in a test report) for the measurements described in the present document shall be as follows: - the measured value related to the corresponding limit will be used to decide whether an equipment meets the requirements of the present document; - the values of the actual measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lower than the figures in clause 10 (maximum acceptable value of measurement uncertainties); - the actual measurement uncertainty of the laboratory carrying out the measurements, for each particular measurement, shall be included in the corresponding test report (if any). 5 Technical characteristics This clause contains the limit values of the parameters defined in clauses 8 and Transmitter parameter limits Frequency error For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 8.1. The frequency error shall not exceed the values given in table 1 under normal, extreme or any intermediate set of conditions. For practical reasons the measurements shall be performed only under normal and extreme test conditions as stated in subclause 8.1. Table 1: Frequency error Channel Frequency error limit (khz) separation (khz) below 47 MHz 47 to 137 MHz above 137 to 300 MHz above 300 to 500 MHz above 500 to MHz 20 and 25 ±0,60 ±1,35 ±2,00 ±2,00 ±2,50 (a) 12,5 ±0,60 ±1,00 ±1,50 ±1,50 (a) No value specified NOTE: For handportable stations having integral power supplies, the figures given in the table with the suffix (a) only apply to the limited temperature range 0 C to +30 C. However, for the full extreme temperature conditions (subclause 6.4.1) exceeding the limited temperature range above, the following frequency error limits apply: ±2,50 khz between 300 MHz and 500 MHz; ±3,00 khz between 500 MHz and MHz Effective radiated power For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause Effective radiated power under normal test conditions The maximum effective radiated power under normal test conditions shall be within df from the rated maximum effective radiated power. The average effective radiated power under normal test conditions shall be within df from the rated average effective radiated power.
14 14 EN V1.3.1 ( ) The allowance for the characteristics of the equipment (±1,5 db) shall be combined with the actual measurement uncertainty in order to provide df, as follows: where: - df 2 =dm 2 +de 2 - dm is the actual measurement uncertainty; - de is the allowance for the equipment (1,5 db); - df is the final difference. All values shall be expressed in linear terms. In all cases the actual measurement uncertainty shall comply with clause 10. Furthermore, the maximum effective radiated power shall not exceed the maximum value allowed by the Administrations. Example of the calculation of df: dm = 6 db (value acceptable, as indicated in the table of maximum uncertainties); = 3,98 in linear terms; de = 1,5 db (fixed value for all equipment fulfilling the requirements of the present document); = 1,41 in linear terms; df 2 = (3,98) 2 + (1,41) 2 ; therefore, df = 4,22 in linear terms, or 6,25 db. This calculation shows that in this case df is in excess of 0,25 db compared to dm, the actual measurement uncertainty (6 db) Effective radiated power under extreme test conditions The variation of power due to the change of temperature and voltage for the measurements under extreme test conditions shall not exceed +2 db or -3 db (the measurements shall be performed using the test fixture) Adjacent channel power For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 8.3. For channel separations of 20 khz and 25 khz, the adjacent channel power shall not exceed a value of 70,0 db below the carrier power of the transmitter without the need to be below 0,20 µw. For channel separations of 12,5 khz, the adjacent channel power shall not exceed a value of 60,0 db below the transmitter carrier power without the need to be below 0,20 µw. In the case where the equipment is not capable of producing an unmodulated carrier these measurements shall also be performed under extreme test conditions. Under these extreme test conditions the measured adjacent channel power shall not exceed a value of 65 db below the carrier for equipment with channel separations of 20 and 25 khz and 55 db for channel separations of 12,5 khz, without the need to be below 0,20 µw.
15 15 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Transmitter Spurious emissions For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 8.4. The power of any spurious emission shall not exceed the values given in table 2. Table 2: Radiated emissions Frequency range 30 MHz to 1 GHz above 1 to 12,75 GHz Tx operating 0,25 µw (-36,0dBm) 1,00µW (-30,0 dbm) Tx standby 2,0 nw (-57,0 dbm) 20,0 nw (-47,0 dbm) Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 8.5. The transient periods are given in table 3. A graph of these transient periods for the case of equipment operating in the frequency range above 300 MHz to 500 MHz are shown in figure 9, subclause 8.5. Table 3: Transient periods 30 to 300 MHz above 300 to 500 MHz above 500 to MHz t1 (ms) 5,0 10,0 20,0 t2 (ms) 20,0 25,0 50,0 t3 (ms) 5,0 10,0 10,0 During the periods t1 and t3 the frequency difference shall not exceed the value of 1 channel separation. During the period t2 the frequency difference shall not exceed the value of half a channel separation. In the case of handportable stations with a transmitter maximum rated effective radiated power of less than 5 W, the frequency deviation during t1 and t3 may be greater than one channel. The corresponding plot of frequency versus time during t1 and t3 shall be recorded in the test report. 5.2 Receiver parameter limits Average usable sensitivity (field strength) For the definitions and the method of measurement see subclause 9.1. For the average usable sensitivity limits, four categories of equipment are defined as follows: Category A: Category B: Category C: equipment having an integral antenna fully within the case; equipment having an extractable or fixed integral antenna, with an antenna length not exceeding 20 cm external to the case; equipment having an extractable or fixed integral antenna, with an antenna length exceeding 20 cm external to the case; Category D: equipment not covered by category A, B or C. Under normal test conditions, the average usable sensitivity shall not exceed the following field strength values.
16 16 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Table 4a: Sensitivity limits for Categories A and D Frequency band (MHz) 30 to 400 > 400 to 750 > 750 to Average usable sensitivity in db relative to 1 µv/m 27,0 28,5 30,0 Table 4b: Sensitivity limits for Category B Frequency band (MHz) 30 to 130 > 130 to 300 > 300 to 440 > 440 to 600 > 600 to 800 > 800 to Average usable sensitivity in db relative to 1 µv/m 18,0 19,5 21,5 23,5 25,5 28,0 Category C: At frequencies greater than 375 MHz the limits shall be as specified in table 4b. In the case of frequencies less than or equal to 375 MHz a correction factor K, shall be subtracted from the specified field strengths in table 4b: - K =20log 10 [(l+20)/40]; where l is the external part of the antenna in cm. This correction only applies if the antenna length external to the case is less than (15 000/f o - 20) in cm, where f o is the frequency in MHz (applicable to frequencies below 375 MHz). For all categories of equipment, add 6 db to the limit under normal test conditions to obtain the limit under extreme test conditions Co-channel rejection For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 9.2. The value of the co-channel rejection ratio, expressed in db, at any frequency of the unwanted signal within the specified range, shall be between: -8,0 db and 0 db for channel separations of 20 khz and 25 khz; -12,0 db and 0 db for a channel separation of 12,5 khz.
17 17 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Adjacent channel selectivity For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 9.3. The adjacent channel selectivity of the equipment shall be such that under the specified test conditions, the given degradation shall not be exceeded for levels of the unwanted signal up to those given in table 5. Table 5: Adjacent channel selectivity Channel Adjacent channel selectivity limit (dbµv/m) separation (khz) Unwanted frequencies 68 MHz Unwanted frequencies >68 MHz Normal test conditions Extreme test conditions Normal test conditions Extreme test conditions 20 & log 10(f) + 38,3 20 log 10(f) + 28,3 12, log 10(f) + 28,3 20 log 10(f) + 18,3 NOTE: f is the carrier frequency in MHz Spurious response rejection For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 9.4. The spurious response rejection of the equipment shall be such that under the specified test conditions, the given degradation shall not be exceeded for levels of the unwanted signal up to: - 75dBµV/m for unwanted signal frequencies 68 MHz; - (20log 10 (f) + 38,3) dbµv/m for unwanted signal frequencies >68 MHz, where f is the frequency in MHz Intermodulation response rejection For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 9.5. The intermodulation response rejection of the equipment shall be such that under the specified test conditions, the given degradation shall not be exceeded for levels of the unwanted signal up to: - 70dBµV/m for unwanted signal frequencies 68 MHz; - (20log 10 (f) + 33,3) dbµv/m for unwanted signal frequencies >68 MHz, where f is the frequency in MHz Blocking or desensitization For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 9.6. The blocking level, for any frequency within the specified ranges, shall be: - 89 dbµv/m for unwanted signal frequencies 68 MHz; - (20 log 10 (f) + 52,3) dbµv/m for unwanted signal frequencies >68 MHz, where f is the frequency in MHz.
18 18 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Receiver Spurious radiations For the definition and the method of measurement see subclause 9.7. The power of any spurious radiation shall not exceed the values given in table 6. Table 6: Radiated components Frequency range 30 MHz to 1 GHz above 1 to 12,75 GHz Limit 2,0 nw (-57,0 dbm) 20,0 nw (-47,0 dbm) 6 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures 6.1 Normal and extreme test conditions Type tests shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions. 6.2 Test power source During type tests the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by a test power source capable of producing normal and extreme test voltages as specified in subclauses and The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of tests, the voltage of the power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. If the equipment is provided with a permanently connected power cable, the test voltage shall be that measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment. For battery operated equipment the battery shall be removed and the test power source shall be applied as close to the battery terminals as practicable. During tests the power source voltages shall be maintained within a tolerance of <±1 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test. The value of this tolerance is critical to power measurements, using a smaller tolerance will provide better measurement uncertainty values. 6.3 Normal test conditions Normal temperature and humidity The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges: - temperature: +15 Cto+35 C; - relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. When it is impracticable to carry out the tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
19 19 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Normal test power source Mains voltage The normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage or any of the declared voltages for which the equipment was designed. The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 and 51 Hz Regulated lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles When the radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source used on vehicles, the normal test voltage shall be 1,1 times the nominal voltage of the battery (for nominal voltages of 6 V and 12 V, these are 6,6 V and 13,2 V respectively) Other power sources For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the equipment manufacturer. 6.4 Extreme test conditions Extreme temperatures For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in subclause 6.5, at the upper and lower temperatures of the following range: Cto+55 C For the purpose of subclause (a) an additional extremetemperaturerange of 0 C to+30 C shall be used. Type test reports shall state the temperature range used Extreme test source voltages Mains voltage The extreme test voltage for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage ± 10 % Regulated lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles When the equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles the extreme test voltages shall be 1,3 and 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery (for a nominal voltage of 6 V, these are 7,8 V and 5,4 V respectively and for a nominal voltage of 12 V, these are 15,6 V and 10,8 V respectively) Power sources using other types of batteries The lower extreme test voltages for equipment with power sources using the following batteries shall be: - for the Leclanché or the lithium type of battery: 0,85 times the nominal voltage of the battery; - for the mercury or nickel-cadmium type of battery: 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery. No upper extreme test voltages apply.
20 20 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Other power sources For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme test voltages shall be those agreed between the equipment manufacturer and the testing laboratory and shall be recorded in the test report. 6.5 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures Before measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment shall be switched off during the temperature-stabilizing period. In the case of equipment containing temperature stabilization circuits designed to operate continuously, the temperature stabilization circuits may be switched on for 15 minutes after thermal balance has been obtained, and the equipment shall then meet the specified requirements. For such equipment the manufacturer shall provide for the power source circuit feeding the crystal oven to be independent of the power source to the rest of the equipment. If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature-stabilizing period of at least one hour, or a longer period of time as may be decided by the testing laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation If the manufacturer states that the equipment is designed for continuous operation, the test procedure shall be as follows. Before tests at the upper extreme temperature the equipment shall be placed in the test chamber and left until thermal balance is attained. The equipment shall then be switched on in the transmit conditions for a period of half an hour after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements. For tests at the lower extreme temperature the equipment shall be left in the test chamber until thermal balance is attained, then switched to the standby or receive condition for a period of one minute after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation If the manufacturer states that the equipment is designed for intermittent operation, the test procedure shall be as follows. Before tests at the upper extreme temperature the equipment shall be placed in the test chamber and left until thermal balance is attained. The equipment shall then be switched on for one minute in the transmit condition, followed by four minutes in the receive condition, after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements. For tests at the lower extreme temperature the equipment shall be left in the test chamber until thermal balance is attained, then switched to the standby or receive condition for one minute after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements. 7 General conditions 7.1 Normal test signals, test conditions and the unwanted test signals The normal test signal D-M3 for initiating responses shall be trains of correctly coded bits or correctly coded signals (messages), if possible of length 22 bits. For sequential tone coded information, each information (e.g. selective call) shall not be longer than about 400 ms. These test signals D-M3 shall be separated from each other by a time of not less than the reset time of the receiver.
21 21 EN V1.3.1 ( ) For measurements using the up-down method it shall be possible to trigger single test signals D-M3 either manually or by an automatic testing system. The test signal D-M4 consists of coded signals, messages or tones transmitted sequentially, one by one, without gaps between them. This transmission is necessary for measurements such as adjacent channel power (see subclauses and 8.3), spurious emissions (see subclauses and 8.4), radiated emissions and others. All these signals shall be defined such that they require the greatest occupied radio modulation bandwidth. Details of these test signals and the test modulation shall be included in the test report. The unwanted signal A-M3 is a RF signal modulated with a continuous 400 Hz tone and with a deviation of 12 % of the channel separation. It is used for measurements such as co-channel rejection (see subclauses and 9.2), adjacent channel selectivity (see subclauses and 9.3) and others. 7.2 Artificial antenna Tests on the transmitter requiring the use of the test fixture shall be carried out with a substantially non-reactive non-radiating load of 50 Ω connected to the test fixture terminal. 7.3 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements For guidance on radiated emissions test sites see annex A. Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in this annex. 7.4 Transmitter automatic shut-off facility If the equipment is fitted with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility it shall be made inoperative for the duration of the type test unless it has to be left operative to protect the equipment. If the shut off facility is left operative the status of the equipment shall be indicated. 7.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter For the purpose of the measurements according to the present document, there should preferably be a facility to operate the transmitter in an unmodulated state. The method of achieving an unmodulated carrier frequency, or, special types of modulation patterns, may also be decided by agreement between the manufacturer and the test laboratory. It shall be described in the test report. It may involve suitable temporary internal modifications of the equipment under test. 7.6 Arrangements for test signals at the input of the receiver via a test fixture or a test antenna Sources of test signals for application to the receiver via a test fixture (annex A, clause A.5), a stripline (annex A, subclause A.1.7) or a test antenna (annex A, subclause A.1.4) shall be connected in such a way that the impedance presented to the test fixture, the stripline or the test antenna is 50 Ω. This requirement shall be met irrespective whether one or more signals using a combining network are applied to the receiver simultaneously. The levels of the test signals shall be expressed in terms of the emf at the output of the source prior to connection to the receiver input connector. The effects of any intermodulation products and noise produced in the test signal sources shall be negligible.
22 22 EN V1.3.1 ( ) 7.7 Receiver mute or squelch facility If the receiver is equipped with a mute or squelch circuit, this shall be made inoperative for the duration of the type tests. 7.8 Encoder for receiver measurements To facilitate measurements on the receiver, an encoder for the signalling system should accompany the model submitted, complete with details of the normal modulation process. The encoder shall be used to modulate a signal generator for use asatestsignalsource. If possible, the encoder should be capable of operation in a repetitive mode, with intervals between each code that are not less than the reset time. Complete details of all codes and code format(s) shall be given. Details concerning the interconnection of the encoder and the signal generator shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the testing laboratory. 7.9 Facilities for access between the receiver demodulator output and its decoder When possible, in order to simplify the measurement in subclause 9.4, a temporary access between the receiver demodulator output and its decoder input shall be provided for the equipment to be tested. By this means the measurements in subclause 9.4 may be more efficiently carried out using the method of measurement of EN [2], subclause 8.6, to determine the points of interest and then to make measurements at those points using the methods of the present document Calling indicator Any suitable means of indicating that the receiver has responded to a correctly coded input signal may be used Reset The reset may be a manual or automatic method of cancelling the calling indication and resetting the decoder, enabling it to respond to the next correctly coded input signal Reset time The reset time of the receiver is the minimum elapsed time between two calls in order that they may both be successfully registered. The reset time shall be declared by the manufacturer in order that the formation of the normal test signal may be derived.
23 23 EN V1.3.1 ( ) 8 Method of measurements for transmitter parameters When performing transmitter tests on equipment designed for intermittent operation, the specified maximum transmit time shall not be exceeded. 8.1 Frequency error This measurement need not be carried out if this parameter has been measured according to the requirements of EN [7]. This measurement is made if the equipment is capable of producing an unmodulated carrier. Otherwise the adjacent channel power shall also be measured under extreme test conditions and the limits given in subclause shall be met Definition The frequency error of the transmitter is the difference between the measured carrier frequency in the absence of modulation and the nominal frequency of the transmitter Method of measurement Transmitter Artificial Frequency under > Antenna > Meter test Test Fixture Figure 1: Measurement arrangement The equipment shall be placed in a test fixture (see annex A, clause A.5) connected to the artificial antenna (see subclause 7.2). The carrier frequency shall be measured in the absence of modulation. The measurement shall be made under normal test conditions (see subclause 6.3) and repeated under extreme test conditions (subclauses and applied simultaneously). 8.2 Effective radiated power This measurement need not be carried out if this parameter has already been measured according to the requirements of EN [7]. Administrations may state the maximum value for the maximum effective radiated power of transmitters; this could be a condition for issuing the licence. If the equipment is designed to operate with different carrier powers, the rated maximum effective radiated power for each level or range of levels shall be declared by the manufacturer. The power adjustment control shall not be accessible to the user. The requirements of the present document shall be met for all power levels at which the transmitter is intended to operate. For practical reasons measurements shall be performed only at the lowest and the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate.
24 24 EN V1.3.1 ( ) Definition For the purpose of this measurement, the maximum effective radiated power is defined as the effective radiated power in the direction of maximum field strength under specific conditions of measurement in the absence of modulation. The rated maximum effective radiated power is the maximum effective radiated power declared by the manufacturer. The average effective radiated power is defined as the average of the effective radiated power measured in 8 directions. The rated average effective radiated power shall also be declared by the manufacturer Method of measurement The measurements shall be made under normal test conditions, (see subclause 6.3), and extreme test conditions, (subclauses and applied simultaneously) Maximum effective radiated power under normal test conditions NOTE: test site 1 > 2 > 3 1) Transmitter under test 2) Test antenna 3) Spectrum analyser or selective voltmeter (test receiver) Figure 2: Measurement arrangement a) A test site which fulfils the requirements of the specified frequency range of this measurement shall be used. The test antenna shall be oriented initially for vertical polarization unless otherwise stated. The transmitter under test shall be placed on the support in its standard position (see annex A) and switched on without modulation. b) The spectrum analyser or selective voltmeter shall be tuned to the transmitter carrier frequency. The test antenna shall be raised or lowered through the specified height range until the maximum signal level is detected on the spectrum analyser or selective voltmeter. The test antenna need not be raised or lowered if the measurement is carried out on a test site according to annex A, subclause A.1.1 (i.e. an anechoic chamber). c) The transmitter shall be rotated through 360 about a vertical axis until a higher maximum signal is received.
TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Methods of measurement for private mobile radio equipment 2 TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) Reference