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Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 06800244', 'Application No. 06800244', 'Application No. 08006234', 'Application No. 2006272742', 'Application No. 200680034564', 'Application No. 200680034564', 'Application No. 06800244', 'Application No. 2008', 'Application No. 06800244', 'Application No. 200680034564', 'Application No. 2008', 'Application No. 12179427', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

System and method of delivering radiation therapy to a moving region of interest - Tomotherapy Incorpoated
United States Patent 8767917
Hughes, John H. (Madison, WI, US)
Kapatoes, Jeffrey M. (Madison, WI, US)
Reckwerdt, Paul J. (Madison, WI, US)
11/459074
Tomotherapy Incorpoated (Madison, WI, US)
600/315, 600/407, 600/427, 378/65, 378/901
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Chao, Elmer
1. A method of delivering radiation therapy to a patient when a region of interest is moving, the radiation therapy being delivered by a radiation therapy system including a multi-leaf collimator, the method comprising: generating a treatment plan for delivering radiation therapy, the treatment plan including a series of machine instructions; activating a radiation beam for delivering radiation therapy to the patient by following the treatment plan; monitoring the patient while the radiation beam is active and delivering radiation to the patient; and changing a leaf pattern of the multi-leaf collimator from the leaf pattern as specified by the treatment plan while the radiation beam is active based at least in part on the monitoring the patient, wherein the changing a leaf pattern includes reordering the machine instructions.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein changing a leaf pattern further includes scaling the treatment plan.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the changing a leaf pattern includes dynamically optimizing the treatment plan.
4. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the changing a leaf pattern is further based on dosimetric information.
5. A method as set forth in claim 4 wherein the dosimetric information comprises at least one of an accumulated dose for a current session and an accumulated dose for all sessions.
6. A method as set forth in claim 4 wherein the changing a leaf pattern includes performing deformation with the treatment plan.
7. A method of delivering radiation therapy to a patient when a region of interest is moving, the radiation therapy being delivered by a radiation therapy system, the method comprising: generating a treatment plan for delivering radiation therapy, the treatment plan including a series of machine instructions for controlling a multi-leaf collimator; activating a radiation beam for delivering radiation therapy to the patient by following the treatment plan; monitoring the patient while the radiation beam is active and delivering radiation to the patient; and changing a treatment parameter while the radiation beam is active and delivering radiation to the patient based at least in part on the monitoring the patient, wherein the changing a treatment parameter includes changing a leaf pattern of the multi-leaf collimator and scaling at least one of the machine instructions.
8. A method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the changing a treatment parameter includes changing a treatment parameter different than the leaf pattern of the multi-leaf collimator.
9. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the treatment parameter includes changing a timing of the multi-leaf collimator.
10. A method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the radiation therapy is delivered by a radiation therapy system including a gantry, and wherein the changing a treatment parameter includes changing a gantry parameter.
11. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the gantry parameter includes at least one of a gantry speed and a gantry direction.
12. A method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the radiation therapy is delivered by a radiation therapy system including a patient support, and wherein the changing a treatment parameter includes changing a patient-support parameter.
13. A method as set forth in claim 12 wherein the patient-support parameter includes at least one of a patient-support speed and a patient-support direction.
14. A method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the radiation therapy is delivered by a radiation therapy system including a radiation module having a jaw, and wherein the changing a treatment parameter further includes changing a jaw parameter.
15. A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the jaw parameter includes at least one of a jaw position and a jaw direction.
16. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein changing a treatment parameter includes changing the leaf pattern of the multi-leaf collimator from the leaf pattern as specified by the treatment plan while the radiation beam is active based at least in part on the monitoring the patient, and wherein the series of machine instructions includes a set of leaf open times and wherein the changing a leaf pattern includes scaling at least one of the machine instructions.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/701,541; titled SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DELIVERING RADIATION THERAPY TO A MOVING TARGET; filed on Jul. 22, 2005; and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/701,580; filed Jul. 22, 2005; titled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FEEDBACK GUIDED QUALITY ASSURANCE AND ADAPTATIONS TO RADIATION THERAPY TREATMENT; all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Radiation can be delivered to a moving region of interest (e.g., a target) without relying upon a priori knowledge of the region's location, period, and phase. Dynamic switching between a plurality of plans, or developing plans “on the fly” can be used to reflect changes in a patient's anatomical motion and apply a radiation treatment more effectively.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of delivering radiation therapy to a moving target. The method comprises the acts of generating a plurality of treatment plans, acquiring data related to movement of the target, determining which treatment plan corresponds to the data, and delivering the selected treatment plan.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of delivering radiation therapy to a moving target. The method comprises the acts of generating a plurality of treatment plans, acquiring data related to movement of the target, selecting a treatment plan that corresponds to a portion of the data, and switching between the selected treatment plans as the portion of the data changes.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of delivering radiation therapy to a patient when a region of interest is moving. The method comprises the acts of generating a plurality of treatment plans for delivering radiation therapy, delivering radiation therapy to the patient by following one of the plurality of treatment plans, monitoring the patient during the delivering radiation therapy, and changing to another treatment plan during the delivering radiation therapy based at least in part on the monitoring the patient.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of delivering radiation therapy to a patient when a region of interest is moving. The radiation therapy is delivered by a radiation therapy system having a multi-leaf collimator. The method comprises the acts of generating a treatment plan for delivering radiation therapy, delivering radiation therapy to the patient by following the treatment plan, monitoring the patient during the delivering radiation therapy, and changing a leaf pattern of the multi-leaf collimator during the delivering radiation therapy based at least in part on the monitoring the patient.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of delivering radiation therapy to a patient when a region of interest is moving. The method comprises the acts of generating a treatment plan for delivering radiation therapy, delivering radiation therapy to the patient by following the treatment plan, monitoring the patient during the delivering radiation therapy, and changing a treatment parameter during the delivering radiation therapy based at least in part on the monitoring the patient.
ci=2⁢(si-s_)⁢(s-s_)si-s_2+s-s_2;[e1]
s_=1N⁢∑i=1N⁢si,
φ is the gantry angel (φε[0,2π]); and
p∈[-P2,P2].
The pair (k,φ) is composed of the projection index. The time t is linearly proportional to projection index t=t(k,φ).
Z⁡(k,ϕ)=(k+ϕ2⁢π)⁢Δ⁢⁢Z[e2]
x=x(k,φ): the planning target position at projection (k,φ). The planning itself can be based on static patient model (3D planning) or BSD model (4D planning). x=(x,y,z).
x′=x′(k,φ): the delivery target position at projection (k,φ). This is determined according to assumption 1.
u=u(k,φ)=x′(k,φ)−x(k,φ): the target displacement between the delivery and the planning; u=(ux,uy,uz).
One can further decompose the transversal target displacement to a perpendicular-to-beam direction (parallel to MLC line) component u⊥ and to a parallel-to-beam direction component u∥. The result is:
u⊥(k,φ)=ux(k,φ)cos φ+uy(k,φ)sin φ [e3]
u∥(k,φ)=ux(k,φ)sin φ+uy(k,φ)cos φ [e4]
r(k,φ)=r1(k,φ)r2(k,φ) [e5]
where r1 (k,φ) is inverse square correction. Let s(k,φ) be the planning source to target distance,
r1⁡(k,ϕ)=[s⁡(k,ϕ)+u∥⁡(k,ϕ)]2s⁡(k,ϕ)2[e6]
And let r2(k,φ) be the attenuation correction:
r2⁡(k,ϕ)=exp⁡(-∫0s⁡(k,ϕ)⁢μ⁢ⅆt)exp⁡(-∫0s⁡(k,ϕ)+u∥⁢μ⁢ⅆt)[e7]
Equation [e7] is feasible only if the system has 4D CT, otherwise, the system has to use some other approximations.
p′(k,φ)=p(k,φ)+u⊥(k,φ) [e8]
k′=k+round⁢⁢(uzΔ⁢⁢Z)[e9]
φ′=φ[e10]
Calculate in plane parallel motion correction
factor r as in [e5] to [e6]
Calculate⁢⁢k′=k+round⁢⁢(uzΔZ)
Calculate p′ = p + u⊥
I′(k, φ, p) = min(I(k′, φ, p′), Imax)
Let I(k, φ, p) = I(k, φ, p) − I′(k, φ, p)
correction I′(k, φ, p) = rI′(k, φ, p)
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