Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102171846A/en
Timestamp: 2019-06-25 11:53:01
Document Index: 104639624

Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 61', 'application No. 10', 'application No. 11', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 11', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 11', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 11', 'application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'application No. 12', 'application No. 61', 'application No. 12', 'application No. 61', 'application No. 61']

CN102171846A - Photoelectrochemical etching for chip shaping of light emitting diodes - Google Patents
Photoelectrochemical etching for chip shaping of light emitting diodes Download PDF
CN102171846A
CN102171846A CN2009801396747A CN200980139674A CN102171846A CN 102171846 A CN102171846 A CN 102171846A CN 2009801396747 A CN2009801396747 A CN 2009801396747A CN 200980139674 A CN200980139674 A CN 200980139674A CN 102171846 A CN102171846 A CN 102171846A
CN2009801396747A
伊夫琳·琳恩·胡
詹姆斯·斯蒂芬·斯佩克
阿戴尔·坦博利
2008-10-09 Priority to US10401508P priority Critical
2008-10-09 Priority to US61/104,015 priority
2009-10-09 Application filed by 加利福尼亚大学董事会 filed Critical 加利福尼亚大学董事会
2009-10-09 Priority to PCT/US2009/060244 priority patent/WO2010042871A1/en
2011-08-31 Publication of CN102171846A publication Critical patent/CN102171846A/en
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) etch is performed for chip shaping of a device comprised of a III-V semiconductor material, in order to extract light emitted into guided modes trapped in the III-V semiconductor material. The chip shaping involves varying an angle of incident light during the PEC etch to control an angle of the resulting sidewalls of the III-V semiconductor material. The sidewalls may be sloped as well as vertical, in order to scatter the guided modes out of the III-V semiconductor material rather than reflecting the guided modes back into the III-V semiconductor material. In addition to shaping the chip in order to extract light emitted into guided modes, the chip may be shaped to act as a lens, to focus its output light, or to direct its output light in a particular way.
用于发光二极管的芯片塑形的光电化学蚀刻 A light emitting diode chip shaping of a photoelectrochemical etching
[0002] 本申请案请求阿黛尔特姆波利（Adele Tamboli)、伊夫林L.胡（Evelyn L. Hu)及詹姆斯S.史帕克（James S. Speck)在2008年10月9日提出申请且标题为“用于发光二极管的芯片塑形的光电化学蚀刻（PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL ETCHING FOR CHIP SHAPING OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODES) ”的同在申请中且共同转让的美国临时申请案第61/104，015号(代理档案号30794. 289-US-P1 (2009-157)) ^ 35U. SC Section 119(e)项下的权益，所述申请案以引用方式并入本文中。 [0002] The present application request 阿黛尔特姆 Polly (Adele Tamboli), Evelyn L. Hu (Evelyn L. Hu) and James S. Sparks (James S. Speck) on October 9, 2008 application and U.S. provisional application entitled "photoelectrochemical etching for shaping light emitting diode chip (PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL eTCHING fOR cHIP sHAPING oF LIGHT eMITTING dIODES)" in the same and commonly assigned application No. 61 / 104,015 (Attorney docket No. 30794. 289-US-P1 (2009-157)) ^ 35U. interest under SC Section 119 (e) item, which application is incorporated herein by reference.
[0003] 本申请案涉及以下同在申请中且共同转让的美国专利申请案： [0003] The present application relates to the same application and in commonly assigned U.S. patent applications:
[0004] 藤井哲雄（Tetsuo Fujii)、高燕（Yan Gao)、伊夫林L.胡及中村修二（Shuji Nakamura)在2006年6月7日提出申请且标题为“经由表面粗糙化的高度有效的基于氮化镓的发光二极管（HIGHLY EFFICIENT GALLIUM NITRIDE BASED LIGHT EMITTING DIODES VIA SURFACE ROUGHENING) ”的美国实用新型申请案第10/581，940号（代理档案号30794. 108-US-W0 (2004-063))，所述申请案请求藤井哲雄、高燕、伊夫林L.胡及中村修二在2003年12月9日提出申请且标题为“经由表面粗糙化的高度有效的基于氮化镓的发光二极管（HIGHLY EFFICIENT GALLIUM NITRIDE BASED LIGHT EMITTING DIODES VIA SURFACE ROUGHENING) ” 的PCT 申请案第US2003/039211 号（代理档案号30794. 108-W0-01(2004-063))的35U. S. C Section 365(c)项下的权益； [0004] Fujii Tetsuo (Tetsuo Fujii), Gao Yan (Yan Gao), Evelyn L. Hu, and Shuji Nakamura (Shuji Nakamura) filed on June 7, 2006 and entitled "via surface roughening highly effective the gallium nitride-based light emitting diodes (HIGHLY EFFICIENT gALLIUM NITRIDE bASED LIGHT eMITTING dIODES VIA SURFACE ROUGHENING) "U.S. utility application No. 10 / 581,940 (Attorney docket No. 30794. 108-US-W0 (2004-063 )), the application request Tetsuo Fujii, Gao Yan, Evelyn L. Hu, and Shuji Nakamura, filed in 2003, December 9, entitled "via surface roughening of highly efficient light-emitting gallium nitride-based PCT application diodes (HIGHLY EFFICIENT GALLIUM NITRIDE BASED LIGHT EMITTING dIODES VIA SURFACE ROUGHENING) "of US2003 / No. (Attorney docket No. 30794. 108-W0-01 (2004-063)) of 039211 35U. S. C section 365 ( c) rights and interests under the item;
[0005]村井昭彦（Akihiko Murai)、李麦卡锡（Lee McCarthy)、尤密斯K.米西拉（Umesh K. Mishra)及史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯（Steven P. DenBaars)在2005年7月6日提出申请且标题为“用于晶片接合（Al，In, 与&i(S，Se)以用于光电子学应用的方法（METHOD FOR WAFER BONDING (Al, In, Ga) N and Zn (S, Se) FOR OPTOELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS) ” 的美国实用新型申请案第11/175, 761号（代理档案号30794. 116-US-U1 (2004-455))(现在为美国专利第7，344，958号，在2008年3月18日发布），所述申请案请求村井昭彦、李麦卡锡、尤密斯K.米西拉及史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯在2004年7月6日提出申请且标题为“用于晶片接合（Al，In，6£1川与&16，Se)以用于光电子学应用的方法（METHOD FOR WAFER BONDING (Al, In, Ga) N and Zn (S, Se) FOR OPTOELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS) ” 的美国专利申请案第60/585，673 号(代理档案号30794. 116-US-P1 (2004-455))的35U. S. C Section 119(e)项下的权益； [0005] Akihiko Murai (Akihiko Murai), Lee McCarthy (Lee McCarthy), Mrs Smith K. Mishra (Umesh K. Mishra) and Steven P. Danba Wales (Steven P. DenBaars) in July 2005 6, filed and entitled "wafer bonding for (Al, in, and & i (S, Se) for the method (mETHOD fOR wAFER BONDING (Al, in, Ga) N and Zn (S optoelectronics applications, Se) FOR OPTOELECTRONICS aPPLICATIONS) "US utility model application No. 11/175 761 (Attorney Docket No. 30794. 116-US-U1 (2004-455)) (now US Patent No. 7,344,958, 2008 March 18 release), the application request Akihiko Murai, Lee McCarthy, especially K. Mishra and Steven P. Smith Falls Danba filed in July 6, 2004 and entitled " for wafer bonding (Al, in, 6 £ 1 and Nakagawa & 16, Se) to a method for optoelectronics applications (mETHOD fOR wAFER BONDING (Al, in, Ga) N and Zn (S, Se) fOR OPTOELECTRONICS aPPLICATIONS) "U.S. Patent application No. 60 / 585,673 (Attorney docket No. 30794. 116-US-P1 (2004-455)) of interest under 35U S. C section 119 (e) item.;
[0006] 村井昭彦、克里斯蒂娜野陈(Christina Ye Chen)、丹尼尔B.汤普森(Daniel B. Thompson)、李S.麦卡锡（Lee S. McCarthy)、史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯、中村修二及尤密斯K.米西拉在2006年6月16日提出申请且标题为“用于光电子学应用的（Al，Ga, In)N 与SiO直接晶片接合结构及其制作方法（(Al，Ga, In)N AND ZnO DIRECT WAFER BONDING STRUCTURE FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND ITS FABRICATION METHOD)” 的美国实用新型申请案第11/454, 691号(代理档案号30794. 134-US-U1 (2005-536-4))，所述申请案请求村井昭彦、克里斯蒂娜野陈、李S.麦卡锡、史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯、中村修二及尤密斯K.米西拉在2005年6月17日提出申请且标题为“用于光电子学应用的（Al，Ga, In)N与SiO直接晶片接合结构及其制作方法（(Al，Ga, In)N AND ZnO DIRECT WAFER B ONDING STRUCTURE FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS,AND ITS FABRICATION METHOD)”的美国临时申请案第60/691，710号(代 [0006] Akihiko Murai, Christina Ye Chen (Christina Ye Chen), Daniel B. Thompson (Daniel B. Thompson), Lee S. McCarthy (Lee S. McCarthy), Steven P. Danba Wales, and Shuji Nakamura Smith K. Mishra, especially in the filed June 16, 2006 and entitled "optoelectronic applications for (Al, Ga, in) N and SiO direct wafer bonded structure and manufacturing method ((Al, Ga, in) N AND ZnO DIRECT WAFER BONDING STRUCTURE FOR OPTOELECTRONIC aPPLICATIONS AND ITS FABRICATION METHOD) "US utility application No. 11/454, 691 (Attorney docket No. 30794. 134-US-U1 (2005-536-4)) the application request Akihiko Murai, Christina Ye Chen, Lee S. McCarthy, Steven P. Danba Wales, Shuji Nakamura and Ms. K. Mishra, especially in the filed June 17, 2005 and entitled "applications for optoelectronics (Al, Ga, in) N and SiO direct wafer bonded structure and manufacturing method ((Al, Ga, in) N aND ZnO dIRECT wAFER B ONDING sTRUCTURE fOR oPTOELECTRONIC aPPLICATIONS, aND iTS FABRICATION mETHOD) "US provisional application / No. 691,710 (on behalf of the 60 理档案号30794. 134-US-P1 (2005-536-1))、村井昭彦、克里斯蒂娜野陈、丹尼尔B.汤普森、李S.麦卡锡、史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯、中村修二及尤密斯K.米西拉在2005年11月1日提出申请且标题为“用于光电子学应用的（Al，(¾，In)N与ZnO直接晶片接合的结构及其制作方法（(Al，Ga，In)N AND ZnO DIRECT WAFER BONDED STRUCTURE FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, AND ITS FABRICATION METHOD) ” 的美国临时申请案第60/732，319号（代理档案号30794. 134-US-P2 (2005-536-2))及村井昭彦、克里斯蒂娜野陈、丹尼尔B.汤普森、李S.麦卡锡、史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯、中村修二及尤密斯K.米西拉在2006年2月3日提出申请且标题为“用于光电子学应用的（Al，Ga, 与ZnO直接晶片接合的结构及其制作方法((Al, Ga, In)N AND ZnO DIRECT WAFER BONDED STRUCTURE FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND ITS FABRICATION METHOD) ”的美国临时申请案第60/764，881 号（代理档案号30794. Li Docket No. 30794. 134-US-P1 (2005-536-1)), Akihiko Murai, Christina Ye Chen, Daniel B. Thompson, Lee S. McCarthy, Steven P. Danba Wales, and in particular Shuji Nakamura Smith K. Mishra presented in filed November 1, 2005 and entitled "optoelectronic applications for (Al, (¾, in) N and the structure and method of manufacturing the ZnO direct wafer bonding ((Al, Ga , in) N AND ZnO DIRECT WAFER BONDED STRUCTURE FOR OPTOELECTRONIC aPPLICATIONS, AND ITS FABRICATION METHOD) "U.S. provisional application No. 60 / (Attorney docket No. 30794. 134-US-P2 (2005-536-2) 732,319 ) and Akihiko Murai, Christina Ye Chen, Daniel B. Thompson, Lee S. McCarthy, Steven P. Danba Wales, Shuji Nakamura and Mrs Smith K. Mishra and apply the title in 2006, February 3 as "used for applications in optoelectronics (Al, Ga, structure and manufacturing method ((Al, Ga, in) N aND ZnO dIRECT wAFER bONDED sTRUCTURE fOR oPTOELECTRONIC aPPLICATIONS aND iTS FABRICATION mETHOD) ZnO direct wafer bonded to" U.S. provisional application No. 60 / 764,881 (Attorney Docket No. 30794. 134-US-P3 (2005-536-3))的35U. S. C Section 119(e) 项下的权益； . 134-US-P3 (2005-536-3)) of interest under 35U S. C Section 119 (e) item;
[0007] 史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯、中村修二、增井悠（Hisashi Masui)、纳塔利N.范罗士(Natalie N. Fellows)及村井昭彦在2006年11月6日提出申请且标题为“高光提取效率发光二极管(LED) (HIGH LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED))” 的美国实用新型申请案第11/593，268号（代理档案号30794. 161-US-U1 (2006-271-2))，所述申请案请求史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯、中村修二、增井悠、纳塔利N.范罗士及村井昭彦在2005 年11月4日提出申请且标题为“高光提取效率发光二极管（LED) (HIGH LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY LIGHT EMITTING DIODE(LED)) ” 的美国临时申请案第60/7；34，040 号（代理档案号30794. 161-US-PI (2006-271-1))的35U. S. C Section 119(e)项下的权益； [0007] Steven P. Danba Wales, Shuji Nakamura, Masui Yau (Hisashi Masui), Natalie N. Fan Luoshi (Natalie N. Fellows) and Akihiko Murai and in 2006 filed November 6 U.S. utility application No. 11 / 593,268 (Attorney docket No. entitled "high light extraction efficiency of a light emitting diode (LED) (hIGH lIGHT eXTRACTION eFFICIENCY lIGHT eMITTING dIODE (LED))" of 30794. 161-US-U1 (2006 -271-2)), the application requested Steven P. Danba Wales, Shuji Nakamura, leisurely Masui, Natalie N. Fan Luoshi and Akihiko Murai, filed in 2005, November 4 and title "high light extraction efficiency of a light emitting diode (LED) (hIGH lIGHT eXTRACTION eFFICIENCY lIGHT eMITTING dIODE (LED))" U.S. provisional application No. 60/7; 34,040 No. (Attorney docket No. 30794. 161-US-PI (2006 . -271-1)) of interest under 35U S. C Section 119 (e) item;
[0008] 史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯、奥莱利昂JF大卫（Aurelien JF David)、村井昭彦及克劳德CA魏斯布（Claude CA ffeisbuch)在2007年11月15日提出申请且标题为“借助多个提取器的高光提取效率发光二极管（LED) (HIGH LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) THROUGH MULTIPLE EXTRACTORS) ” 的美国实用新型申请案第11/940，848号(代理档案号30794. 191-US-U1 (2007-047))，所述申请案请求史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯、奥莱利昂JF大卫及克劳德CA魏斯布在2006年11月15日提出申请且标题为“借助多个提取器的高光提取效率发光二极管（LED) (HIGH LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) THROUGH MULTIPLE EXTRACTORS) ” 的美国临时申请案第60/866，014号(代理档案号30794. 191-US-PI (2007-047))及史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯、奥莱利昂JF大卫、村井昭彦及克劳德CA魏斯布在2007年1月8日提出申请且标题为“借助多个提取器的高光提取效率发光 [0008] Danba Steven P. Scholes, Ole Leone JF David (Aurelien JF David), Akihiko Murai CA Wei Sibu and Claude (Claude CA ffeisbuch) filed on November 15, 2007 and entitled "means a plurality of extractors high light extraction efficiency of a light emitting diode (LED) (hIGH lIGHT eXTRACTION eFFICIENCY lIGHT eMITTING dIODE (LED) THROUGH mULTIPLE eXTRACTORS)" U.S. utility application No. 11 / 940,848 (Attorney docket No. 30794. 191-US-U1 (2007-047)), the application request Danba Steven P. Scholes, Ole Leone and Claude JF David Wei Sibu in CA November 15, 2006 application and entitled "means a plurality of extractors high light extraction efficiency of a light emitting diode (LED) (hIGH lIGHT eXTRACTION eFFICIENCY lIGHT eMITTING dIODE (LED) THROUGH mULTIPLE eXTRACTORS)" U.S. provisional application No. 60 / 866,014 (Attorney file No. 30794. 191-US-PI (2007-047)) and Steven P. Danba Scholes, Ole Leon David JF, Akihiko Murai and Claude CA Wei Sibu in January 8, 2007 application and entitled "means a plurality of extractors of emitting high light extraction efficiency 极管（LED) (HIGH LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) THROUGH MULTIPLE EXTRACTORS) ” 的美国临时申请案第60/883，977 号（代理档案号30794. 191-US-P2 (2007-047))的35U. S. C Section 119(e)项下的权益； Diode (LED) (HIGH LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) THROUGH MULTIPLE EXTRACTORS) "U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 883,977 (Attorney Docket No. 30794. 191-US-P2 (2007-047)) . the benefit under 35U S. C Section 119 (e) item;
[0009] 阿黛尔特姆波利、伊夫林L.胡、史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯及中村修二在2009 年5月12日提出申请且标题为“P侧向上的基于GaN的发光二极管的光电化学粗糙化(PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL ROUGHENING OF P-SIDE-UP GaN-BASED LIGHT EMITTING DIODES) ”的美国实用新型申请案第12/464，711号（代理档案号30794. 271-US-Ul (2008-535))，所述申请案请求阿黛尔特姆波利、伊夫林L.胡、史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯及中村修二在2008年5月12日提出申请且标题为“(¾面、P侧向上的基于feiN 的发光二极管的光电化学粗糙化（PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL ROUGHENING OF Ga-FACE, P-SIDE-UP GaN BASED LIGHT EMITTING DIODES) ”的美国专利申请第61/052，417 号(代理档案号30794. 271-US-PI (2008-535))的35 USC Section 119(e)项下的权益； [0009] 阿黛尔特姆 Polly, Evelyn L. Hu, Steven P. Danba Wales and Shuji Nakamura, filed in May 12, 2009 and entitled based on light-emitting GaN on the "P side photoelectrochemical roughening diode (PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL rOUGHENING oF P-SIDE-UP GaN-bASED LIGHT EMITTING dIODES) "U.S. utility application No. 12 / 464,711 (Attorney docket No. 30794. 271-US-Ul (2008- 535)), the application request 阿黛尔特姆 Polly, Evelyn L. Hu, Steven P. Danba Wales and Shuji Nakamura, filed in May 12, 2008 and entitled "(¾ surface, light emitting diodes based feiN photoelectrochemical roughened (PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL rOUGHENING oF Ga-fACE, P-sIDE-UP GaN bASED LIGHT eMITTING dIODES) "U.S. Patent application No. 61 / 052,417 (Attorney Docket P on the side No. 30794. 271-US-PI (2008-535)) of 35 USC Section 119 (e) under item interest;
[0010] 阿黛尔特姆波利、伊夫林L.胡、马修C.史密特（Matthew C. khmidt)、中村修二及史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯在2009年5月12日提出申请且标题为“P型半导体异质结构的光电化学蚀刻（PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL ETCHING OF P-TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR HETER0STRUCTURES) ” 的美国实用新型申请案第12/464,723号（代理档案号30794. 272-US-U1 (2008-533))， 所述申请案请求阿黛尔特姆波利、伊夫林L.胡、马修C.史密特、中村修二及史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯在2008年5月12日提出申请且标题为“P型半导体异质结构的光电化学蚀刻(PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL ETCHING OF P-TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES) ” 的美国临时申请案第61/052，421 号(代理档案号30794. 272-US-P1 (2008-533))的35U. S. C Section 119(e)项下的权益；及 [0010] 阿黛尔特姆 Polly, Evelyn L. Hu, Matthew C. Schmitt (Matthew C. khmidt), Shuji Nakamura and Steven P. Danba Wales in May 12, 2009 application and entitled "photoelectrochemical etching the P-type semiconductor heterostructure (PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL eTCHING oF P-tYPE sEMICONDUCTOR HETER0STRUCTURES)" U.S. utility application No. 12 / 464,723 (Attorney docket No. 30794. 272-US-U1 ( 2008-533)), the application request 阿黛尔特姆 Polly, Evelyn L. Hu, Matthew C. Schmidt, Shuji Nakamura and Steven P. Danba Wales in May 2008 12, filed and entitled "photoelectrochemical etching the P-type semiconductor heterostructure (PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL eTCHING oF P-tYPE sEMICONDUCTOR hETEROSTRUCTURES)" U.S. provisional application No. 61 / 052,421 (Attorney docket No. 30794. 272-US . -P1 (2008-533)) of interest under 35U S. C Section 119 (e) item; and
[0011] 阿黛尔特姆波利、伊夫林L.胡、（Arpan Chakraborty)及史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯在2009年1月30日提出申请且标题为“用于激光器小面的光电化学蚀刻(PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL ETCHING FOR LASER FACETS) ” 的美国临时申请案第61/148，679 号（代理档案号30794. 301-US-P1 (2009-360))； [0011] 阿黛尔特姆 Polly, Evelyn L. Hu, (Arpan Chakraborty) and Steven P. Danba Wales in January 30th, 2009 and filed entitled "for the laser facet photoelectrochemical etching (PH0T0ELECTR0CHEMICAL eTCHING FOR LASER FACETS) "U.S. provisional application No. 61 / 148,679 (Attorney docket No. 30794. 301-US-P1 (2009-360));
[0012] 所述申请案以引用方式并入本文中。 [0012] The application is incorporated herein by reference.
[0013] 本发明涉及用于发光二极管（LED)的芯片塑形的光电化学蚀刻（PEC)。 [0013] The present invention relates to a die for shaping a light emitting diode (LED), photoelectrochemical etching (PEC). 背景技术 Background technique
[0014](注意：本申请案参考贯穿说明书由括号内的一个或一个以上参考编号（例如， [X])指示的多个不同公开案。根据这些参考编号排序的这些不同公开案的列表可在下文标题为“参考文献”的章节中找到。这些出版物中的每一者以引用方式并入本文中。) [0014] (Note: This application reference throughout the specification by one or more reference numbers within brackets, for example, [X]) a plurality of different publications (indicated by a list of these according to these different publications ordered reference number. found in the later section entitled "references" section. each of these publications is incorporated by reference herein.)
[0015] 在LED中，尤其在基于GaN(氮化镓）及GaP(磷化镓）的装置中，外部量子效率受到捕集于材料中的发射成引导模式的光的限制。 [0015] In the LED, a particular apparatus based on GaN (gallium nitride) and GaP (gallium phosphide), the external quantum efficiency is limited in light trapping materials emitted into guided modes. 通常，当切割晶片时，所得侧壁平滑且垂直，从而致使大部分光反射回到所述材料中，其在所述材料处最终损失，其中仅小百分比的光提取到空气中。 Typically, when cutting the wafer, the resulting smooth and vertical side walls, causing most of the light reflected back into the material, the final loss of the material, wherein only a small percentage of the light extraction into air.
[0016] 若干个先前专利及研究文章已论述修改LED芯片的几何形状或形状以克服这些问题的益处。 [0016] Several previous patents and research articles have discussed modifying the LED chip geometry or shape in order to overcome these problems benefits. 举例来说，众所周知[1-6]，芯片塑形成棱锥几何形状将显著增加提取效率，因为光以小于用于提取到空气中的临界角度入射于斜坡侧壁上具有高得多的可能性。 For example, it is known [1-6], pyramidal geometry formed plastic chip would significantly increase the extraction efficiency, because the light is less than the critical angle for extracting air incident on a much higher likelihood of having sloped sidewalls. 然而， 此类设计通常并非线性（直线），例如，侧表面（不平行于外延层）以相对于法线（即，表面法线）的不同角度形成。 However, such designs typically and linear (straight line), for example, the side surface (not parallel to the epitaxial layer) relative to a normal (i.e., the surface normal) form different angles.
[0017] 芯片塑形可涉及LED装置及材料的塑形，伴随有衬底材料的塑形，其可具有不同的组成（例如，蓝宝石）。 [0017] LED chip shaping device, and may involve shaping material, accompanied by shaping of the substrate material, which may have different compositions (e.g., sapphire). 通常，晶片是通过使用斜切刀的机械锯割[1]、外来基座的湿式蚀刻[3，5]或使用具有倾斜小面的蚀刻掩模[4]或零偏置蚀刻[6]的干式蚀刻塑形而塑形成此几何形状。 Typically, the wafer is chamfered by using a mechanical sawing blade [1], the wet etching alien base [3,5] or etching mask having inclined facets [4] or etching zero offset [6] this geometry of the plastic forming the dry etching shaping.
[0018] 通常，蚀刻为优选方法。 [0018] In general, the preferred etching method. 然而，在基于III-V半导体的装置中，蚀刻工艺受到限制， 因为不能使用简单的湿式蚀刻。 However, in the device based on III-V semiconductors, the etching process is limited because it is not easy to use wet etching. 此外，湿式蚀刻及干式蚀刻两者给出的对所得经蚀刻侧壁的角度的控制非常小，因此提供的芯片形状选项较少。 Further, both of the resulting wet etching and dry etching is given by controlling the angle of the sidewall etching is very small, less options thus provided a chip shape.
[0019] 因此，此项技术中需要用于基于III-V半导体的装置的芯片塑形的经改善的蚀刻工艺。 [0019] Accordingly, a need in the art for an improved etch process based on the chip shaping device III-V semiconductors. 本发明满足此需要。 The present invention satisfies this need.
[0020] 为克服上文所描述的现有技术中的限制，且为克服在阅读且理解本发明后将变得明了的其它限制，本发明揭示一种经执行以用于由III-V半导体材料构成的装置的芯片塑形的PEC蚀刻，以便提取捕集于所述III-V半导体材料中的发射成引导模式的光。 [0020] To overcome the limitations of the prior art described above, and to overcome other limitations become apparent upon reading and understanding of the present invention, one kind disclosed by the present invention is performed for a III-V semiconductor chip shaping device PEC etch material in order to extract trapped in the light emitted into guided modes in the semiconductor material of the III-V.
[0021] 所述III-V半导体材料可包含η型层、ρ型层及生长于模板或衬底上的作用区，其中产生光且将所述光发射成所述引导模式的所述作用区位于所述P型层与所述η型层之间中。 [0021] The III-V semiconductor material may comprise η-type layer, and [rho]-type layer grown on the active region of the substrate or template, wherein said active region generating light and emitting the light into the guided modes located between the P-type layer and the η-type layer. 举例来说，所述III-V半导体材料可为III氮化物半导体材料。 For example, the III-V semiconductor materials may be III-nitride semiconductor material. 举例来说，所述III氮化物材料的定向（生长平面）及所述作用区的发光表面可为m平面或a平面。 For example, the orientation of the light emitting surface of the III nitride material (growth plane) and the active region may be a plane or a plane m.
[0022] 所述芯片塑形涉及在所述PEC蚀刻期间使入射光的角度变化以控制所述III-V半导体材料的所得表面（例如，侧壁）的角度。 [0022] shaping of the chip during the PEC etch relates to the angle of incident light to control the resulting changes in the surface of the III-V semiconductor material (e.g., sidewall) of the angle.
[0023] 所述侧壁可有斜坡也可垂直，以便将所述引导模式散射出所述III-V半导体材料，而非将所述引导模式反射回到所述III-V半导体材料中。 [0023] The side wall may have a ramp may also be perpendicular to the guided modes of the scattered III-V semiconductor material rather than reflecting the guided modes back into the III-V semiconductor material. 举例来说，所述侧壁可成角度，以使得光更有可能以大于总体内部反射（TIR)的临界角度的入射角度入射于侧壁上。 For example, the side wall may be angled so that the light is more likely at an angle greater than the critical angle of incidence overall internal reflection (TIR) ​​is incident on the side walls. 更具体来说，表面中的每一者可为成角度的侧壁，使得所述侧壁在第一遍中朝向装置的顶表面全内反射更多的引导模式，以使得更多的经全内反射的引导模式在光提取的临界角度内入射于所述顶表面处。 More specifically, each of the surfaces may be angled into the side walls, the side walls such that total internal reflection surface more guided modes in the first pass towards the top of the device, so that the whole was more internally reflected guided modes within the critical angle of light incident on the extraction of the top surface.
[0024] 所述芯片塑形可进一步包含使入射光的角度变化以控制侧壁的平滑度及表面粗糙度。 [0024] The chip may further comprise shaping the angle of the incident light is varied to control the smoothness and sidewall surface roughness. 举例来说，侧壁的表面粗糙度可充分小于发射成引导模式的光的波长以防止引导模式的光因表面粗糙度而散射，以使得侧壁的表面对于所述波长为镜面。 For example, the surface roughness of the side walls can be sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of the light emitted into guided modes of the guided modes to prevent light scattered by the surface roughness, so that the surface of the sidewall with respect to the wavelength of a mirror. 作为本发明的结果， 可获得并非大致由III-V半导体材料的结晶学确定的侧壁角度及侧壁表面粗糙度。 As a result of the present invention, it can be obtained not substantially a crystalline III-V semiconductor material science and the sidewall angle of the determined sidewall surface roughness. 然而， 可获得任意平滑或粗糙（包括经图案化）侧壁。 However, any available smooth or rough (including patterned) side walls.
[0025] 除对芯片进行塑形以便提取发射成引导模式的光以外，所述芯片可经塑形以充当透镜，以聚焦其输出光，或以特定方式导引其输出光。 [0025] In addition to shaping the chip in order to extract emitted to the outside of the light guide pattern, the chip may be shaped to act as a lens, to focus its output light, or in a particular manner the output light guide. 举例来说，所述表面可包含一个或一个以上弯曲表面且所述芯片塑形可进一步包含使入射光的角度变化以制作所述弯曲表面(例如，入射光的角度可对弯曲表面进行塑形及定位以界定聚焦或导引作用区所发射的光的透镜）。 For example, the surface may comprise one or more curved surfaces and the chip shaping may further comprise changes in the angle of incident light to fabricate the curved surface (e.g., the incident angle can be shaped curved surface and positioned to define a lens that focuses or directs the light emitted by the active region). 因此，所述透镜可包含在所述作用层的顶部上生长并塑形或在衬底或模板中塑形的III氮化物半导体材料层。 Thus, the lens may comprise a III-nitride semiconductor material layer is grown on top of the active layer and shaped or shaped in the substrate or template.
[0026] 也可执行PEC蚀刻以将包含多个装置的晶片切割成不同芯片。 [0026] PEC etch may also be performed in a wafer comprising a plurality of devices is cut different chips.
[0027] 因此，本发明进一步揭示一种LED，其包含III氮化物半导体材料，所述III氮化物半导体材料包含：用于产生并发射光的作用区；所述III氮化物材料的具有表面平滑度的一个或一个以上经蚀刻表面；及所述表面的相对于所述作用区的发光表面成一个或一个以上斜坡角度的倾斜度，其中所述倾斜度及所述表面平滑度增强对捕集于所述III氮化物半导体材料中的发射成引导模式的光的提取。 [0027] Accordingly, the present invention further discloses a LED, the III-nitride semiconductor material comprising a III-Nitride semiconductor material comprising: an active region for generating and emitting light; III nitride having a surface of the material smooth one or more of an etched surface; and a phase of said surface into one or more of the inclination angle of the slope of the light-emitting surface of the active region, and wherein the inclination of the trap surface smoothness enhance extraction of light to the III-nitride semiconductor material emitted into guided modes.
[0028] 最后，本发明揭示一种用于制作半导体装置的设备，其包含：电化学单元，其用于在PEC蚀刻期间以化学方式蚀刻III-V半导体材料；光源，其用于将入射光发射到所述III-V半导体材料上；及用于相对于所述电化学单元中的所述III-V半导体材料重新定位所述入射光的构件，其中所述重新定位在所述PEC蚀刻期间使所述入射光的角度变化以控制所述PEC蚀刻的方向，借此控制所述III-V半导体材料的所得侧壁的角度且对由所述III-V半导体材料构成的所述装置芯片进行塑形以便提取捕集于所述III-V半导体材料中的发射成引导模式的光。 [0028] Finally, the present invention discloses an apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising: an electrochemical cell, which is used during a PEC etch chemically etch III-V semiconductor material; a light source for the incident light transmitting to the III-V semiconductor material; and means for with respect to the electrochemical cell in a III-V semiconductor material repositioning member of the incident light, wherein the repositioning during the PEC etch the angle of the incident light is varied to control the direction of the PEC etching, thereby controlling the side wall of the resulting III-V semiconductor material of the device chip and the angle formed by the III-V semiconductor material shaping trapped in order to extract light emitted into guided modes of the III-V semiconductor material.
[0029] 现在参照图式，在所有图式中相同参考编号表示对应部件： [0029] Referring now to the drawings, in all drawings the same reference numerals designate corresponding parts:
[0030] 图1是PEC蚀刻设备的图示。 [0030] FIG. 1 is a diagram of PEC etching apparatus.
[0031] 图2是借助有角度照射的PEC蚀刻的图示。 [0031] FIG 2 there is illustrated by means of the angle of irradiation PEC etch.
[0032] 图3(a)到（d)包含借助有角度照射PEC蚀刻的样本的扫描电子显微镜（SEM)图像，其中图3(a)是显示一个装置的具有50 μ m的比例尺的较高放大倍数图像，图3(b)是显示3个装置的具有50 μ m的比例尺的图像，图3 (c)是显示多个装置的具有200 μ m的比例尺的较低放大倍数图像，且图3(d)是显示多个装置的具有Imm比例尺的更低放大倍数图像。 [0032] FIG. 3 (a) to (d) comprises irradiating means has a sample PEC etch angle of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, wherein FIG. 3 (a) is a scale having 50 μ m of a device of higher image magnification, FIG. 3 (b) is a scale image having 50 μ m of the apparatus 3, FIG. 3 (c) is a low magnification image having dimensions of 200 μ m of a plurality of apparatus, and FIG. 3 (d) is a lower magnification image having a plurality of devices Imm scale.
[0033] 图4(a)及4(b)是用于蓝宝石上的GaN的LED塑形工艺的第一实例的图示。 [0033] FIG. 4 (a) and 4 (b) is a diagram illustrating a first example of the GaN on sapphire LED shaping process.
[0034] 图5(a)及5(b)是用于蓝宝石上的GaN的LED塑形工艺的第二实例的图示。 [0034] FIG. 5 (a) and 5 (b) is a diagram illustrating a second example of an LED shaping process for GaN on sapphire.
[0035] 图6是图解说明本发明的方法的流程图。 [0035] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the present invention.
[0036] 图7到10是可使用本发明的PEC蚀刻实现的芯片几何形状的实例，其中所述实例是基于美国专利第7，268，371及7，279，345号，其中图7是具有梯形横截面且基于美国专利第7，268，371号的图2的芯片的横截面示意图，图8是基于美国专利7，268，371的图11 的芯片几何形状的横截面示意图，图9是基于美国专利第7，268，371号的图30的芯片几何形状的横截面示意图，且图10是具有弯曲表面且基于美国专利第7，268，371号的图33的芯片几何形状的横截面示意图。 [0036] FIG. 7 to 10 are examples using a chip geometry PEC etch of the present invention is implemented, where the examples are based on U.S. Patent Nos. 7,268,371 and 7,279,345, in which FIG. 7 is a FIG trapezoidal cross-section and based on U.S. Patent No. 7,268,371 schematic cross-section of the chip 2, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional schematic of a chip geometry U.S. Patent No. 7,268,371 based on FIG. 11, FIG. 9 is based on FIG. U.S. Patent No. 7,268,371 is a schematic cross-sectional geometry of the chip 30, and FIG. 10 is a chip having a curved surface 33 geometry and based on U.S. Patent No. 7,268,371 a cross-section of FIG. schematic diagram.
[0037] 在优选实施例的以下说明中参照形成本文的一部分的附图，且附图中以图解说明方式显示可以其实践本发明的具体实施例。 [0037] Referring to the accompanying drawings forming part hereof in the following description of the preferred embodiment, and shown in the drawings to illustrate specific embodiments of ways for its practice of the present invention. 应理解，可利用其它实施例且可在不背离本发明范围的情况下做出结构性改变。 Should be understood that structural changes may be made by using other instances embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
[0038] MM [0038] MM
[0039] 本发明描述将PEC蚀刻用于基于III-V半导体的装置（例如，基于GaN及基于GaAs 的LED)的芯片塑形。 [0039] The present disclosure describes a device (e.g., a GaN-based and GaAs-based LED) chip shaping based on III-V semiconductors will be used for PEC etching. 使用本发明的技术，可直接蚀刻当LED生长于III-V衬底上时位于其之间中的材料，且通过使入射光的角度变化，可控制所得侧壁的角度，从而产生斜坡侧壁， 其会将引导模式散射出所述材料而非将其反射回。 Using the techniques of the present invention, in between the etched material may be located directly when the LED is grown on III-V substrates, and by changing the angle of incident light, resulting sidewall angles can be controlled to produce sloped sidewalls , which will scatter guided modes out of the material rather than reflected back. 使用PEC蚀刻，可通过在蚀刻期间控制入射光的方向而获得非线性芯片形状，而不需要使用外来衬底的机械切割或结晶学湿式蚀刻。 The PEC etching, a chip shape can be obtained by non-linear direction of incident light during etching control, without using mechanical cutting or foreign substrate crystallographic wet etching.
[0040] 技术说明[0041] 侖名法 [0040] Technical Description [0041] Method name Lun
[0042] 本文中所使用的术语“ (Al,Ga, In)N”或III氮化物既定广泛地解释为包括单种物质（AlWa及In)的相应氮化物以及此类族III金属物质的二元、三元及四元组合物。 [0042] As used herein, the term "(Al, Ga, In) N", or III nitride intended to be broadly interpreted to include a single species (Alwa and In) and corresponding nitrides such Group III metal species II yuan, three and four compositions. 相应地，术语（Al，Ga，h)N涵盖化合物A1N、GaN及MN以及三元化合物AlGaN、GalnN及AUnN 及四元化合物AlfeilnN，这些便是此种命名法中所包括的物质。 Accordingly, the term (Al, Ga, h) N encompasses compounds A1N, GaN, and MN as well as ternary compounds AlGaN, GalnN, and quaternary compounds and AUnN AlfeilnN, which is included in the nomenclature of such substance. 当存在（Ga，Al，In)组成物质中的两者或两者以上时，可在本发明的宽广范围内采用所有可能组合物，包括化学计量比例以及“非化学计量”比例（关于存在于组合物中的（Ga，Al，In)组成物质中的每一者所存在的相对摩尔分数）。 When present (Ga, Al, In) composition of the above two or substances, may be employed in all possible combinations thereof within the broad scope of the present invention, including stoichiometric proportions as well as "non-stoichiometric" ratio (present in about the composition of each material present in relative mole fraction) composition (Ga, Al, in). 相应地，将了解，下文参照GaN材料对本发明的论述适用于各种其他（Al，fei，In)N材料物质的形成。 Accordingly, it will be appreciated, discussed hereinafter with reference to the GaN material of the present invention is applicable to forming various other (Al, fei, In) N material species. 此外，在本发明的范围内的（Al,(¾，In)N材料可进一步包括较小量的掺杂剂及/或其它杂质或夹杂材料。 In addition, within the scope of the present invention (Al, (¾, In) N material may further comprise a small amount of a dopant and / or other material, impurities or inclusions.
[0043] 设备 [0043] Equipment
[0044] PEC蚀刻是可用来蚀刻III-V半导体（例如，GaN及GaAs以及其合金）的光辅助湿式蚀刻工艺。 [0044] PEC etching is used to etch III-V semiconductor (e.g., GaN and their alloys, and GaAs) light-assisted wet etching process. 图1是PEC蚀刻设备的图示，其中PEC蚀刻由光源100及电化学单元102 组成，其中浸没于电解质106(例如，KOH或HNO3)中的半导体（例如，GaN样本104)充当阳极且具有与其接触或直接图案化于其上以充当阴极108的金属（通常为钛/钼双层）。 1 is a diagram of PEC etching apparatus, wherein a light source 100 and the PEC etch electrochemical units 102, of which is immersed in 106 (e.g. KOH or of HNO3,) an electrolyte in a semiconductor (e.g., GaN sample 104) acts as an anode and having its or direct contact with the patterned metal thereon to act as a cathode 108 (generally titanium / molybdenum bilayer). 光110在半导体104中产生电子-空穴对，且经由阴极108提取电子（_)，而空穴（+)参与半导体表面处的氧化反应，从而致使其溶解于电解质106中。 110 104 in the semiconductor light generating electron - hole pairs and electrons are extracted through the cathode 108 (_), and the holes (+) involved in the oxidation reaction of the surface of the semiconductor, causing it to dissolve in the electrolyte 106.
[0045] 图2是借助从光源202到具有不透明掩模206的GaN衬底204上的有角度照射200的PEC蚀刻的图示。 [0045] FIG 2 from the light source means 202 is there illustrated having a PEC etch to the angle of illumination on the opaque mask 200 206 204 GaN substrate. 通过此技术，可直接蚀刻LED 210之间中的材料208，且通过使入射光200的角度212变化，可控制所得侧壁216的角度214，从而产生装置210的斜坡侧壁216，其会将引导模式散射出材料218而非将其反射回。 By this technique, the etching of the LED 210 may be directly between the material 208 and 200 by the angle of the incident light 212 changes, the angle 216 may control the resulting sidewall 214, thereby generating a ramp 210 of the side wall means 216, which will material 218 guided modes scattered rather than reflected back. 举例来说，使角度212相对于材料218的表面216变化。 For example, the angle 212 relative to the surface 216 change material 218. 蚀刻沿光线200的方向进行。 Etching the direction of beam 200. 在图2中，有角度小面216将平行于入射光200的方向，且对此方向进行选择以获得经优化的光提取。 In FIG. 2, the angled facets 216 parallel to the direction of incident light 200, and this direction is selected to obtain optimized light extraction.
[0046] 因此，图1及图2图解说明用于制作半导体装置210的设备，其包含：电化学单元102，其用于在PEC蚀刻期间以化学方式蚀刻III-V半导体材料104、218 ；光源100、202，其用于将入射光110、200发射到III-V半导体材料104、218上；及用于相对于电化学单元102 中的III-V半导体材料104、218重新定位入射光110、200的构件，其中所述用于重新定位的构件在所述PEC蚀刻期间使所述入射光的角度212变化以控制所述PEC蚀刻的方向及III-V半导体材料104、218的所得侧壁216的角度214，借此对由III-V半导体材料104、 218构成的装置210芯片进行塑形以便提取否则将捕集于III-V半导体材料104、218中的发射成引导模式的光。 [0046] Thus, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an apparatus 210 for fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising: an electrochemical cell 102, which is used during a PEC etch chemically etch III-V semiconductor material 104, 218; source 100, 202, 110, 200 for emitting incident light onto the III-V semiconductor material 104, 218; and means for relative III-V semiconductor material 104, 218 of the electrochemical cell 102 to reposition the incident light 110, the resulting member 200, wherein the member for repositioning during the PEC etch the angle of the incident light 212 changes the PEC etch to control a direction and a III-V semiconductor material 104, 218 of the sidewalls 216 angle 214, whereby the chip device 210 of a III-V semiconductor material 104, 218 is configured or shaped in order to extract the trapped light emitted into guided modes in a III-V semiconductor material 104, 218 is. 在图2中，角度214等于角度212。 In FIG. 2, an angle equal to the angle 214 212.
[0047] 可使用此项技术中已知的任何手段或方法实现入射光110、200的重新定位，例如通过重新定位光源100、202(例如，但不限于使用可移动座架）或使光束110、200方向变化(例如，但不限于使用反射镜）。 [0047] using any means or method known in the art to achieve the incident repositioning 110, 200, 100, 202, for example by repositioning the light source (e.g., but not limited to using a movable mount), or the beam 110 , change in direction 200 (e.g., but not limited to the use of a mirror).
[0048] 实验结果 [0048] The results
[0049] 图3 (a)到（d)是借助有角度照射PEC蚀刻的样本300的SEM图像，从而产生会将引导模式散射出材料306而非将其反射回的斜坡侧壁302、304。 [0049] FIG. 3 (a) to (d) with a sample by means of the irradiation angle PEC etch a SEM image 300, will produce scattered pilot pattern material 306 rather than reflected back sloped sidewalls 302, 304. 使用PEC蚀刻，可通过在蚀刻期间控制入射光的方向而非通过外来衬底的机械切割或结晶学湿式蚀刻来获得此形状(包含相对于顶表面308有角度的侧壁302、304)。 The PEC etching, can be cut by a mechanical rather than a foreign substrate or crystallographic wet etching by controlling the direction of incident light during etching to obtain this shape (relative to the top surface 308 comprises angled side walls 302, 304). 此外，可执行PEC蚀刻以将晶片切割成不同芯片。 Further, the PEC etch to perform different wafer into chips. 举例来说，PEC蚀刻可在没有针对增加的光提取的任何芯片塑形或塑形的情况下用于晶片切割。 For example, PEC etching can be used for wafer dicing without increasing the case for any chip shaping or shaping of light extraction.
[0050] 通常使用宽带Xe灯作为照射源来执行GaN的PEC蚀刻，其中KOH或HNO3作为电解质，如图1及2中所示。 [0050] The illumination source is typically performed as a PEC etch of GaN broadband Xe lamp, wherein the electrolyte as KOH or HNO3, 1 and 2 in FIG. 基于优选蚀刻速率及形态学来选择灯强度及蚀刻剂浓度。 Based on morphology and the etch rate is preferably selected lamp intensity and concentration of the etchant.
[0051] 对于LED塑形，必需相当快速地蚀刻以实现深蚀刻，因此发明人进行的实验设置使用1000W照射、IM HN03及Pt蚀刻掩模（其还充当阴极）。 [0051] For shaping LED, it is necessary to effect quite rapidly etched deep etched, experiments conducted by the inventors provided the use of irradiation 1000W, IM HN03 and Pt etching mask (which also serves as a cathode). 在此情况下，所述实验设置使用m平面310 GaN衬底312而非完全LED结构作为对概念的证明。 In this case, using the experimental set-m plane 310 GaN substrate as the LED structure 312 rather than a full proof of concept. 对于此样本300 (显示于图3(a)到（d)中），进行了两次蚀刻，一次蚀刻使样本300倾斜以使得样本300的左侧314较靠近灯，从而在台面316的左侧314上产生斜坡侧壁302，且然后另一次蚀刻使右侧318较高，从而对装置320的右侧318进行塑形。 For this sample 300 (shown in FIG. 3 (a) to (d)), the etching performed twice, once etching the sample 300 is inclined such that the left side 314 of the sample 300 closer to the lamp, so that the left side of the mesa 316 generating sloped sidewalls 314 302, and then another 318 high etching right to the right side 318 of the device 320 is shaped.
[0052] 对于完全LED工艺，将必需执行四个蚀刻，以使得样本300的前部322及背部324 也具有有角度侧壁，或者使用反射镜来同时从所有侧进行蚀刻。 [0052] For full LED technology, the four necessary to perform etching so that the sample front portion 322 and back 324 300 also has angled side walls, or using a mirror to be etched simultaneously from all sides. 或者，可使激光跨越样本300以各种角度扫掠，从而直接控制蚀刻形态学而不需要蚀刻掩模。 Alternatively, the laser 300 samples at various angles across the sweep, thereby directly controlling the morphology without etching the etching mask.
[0053] 也可使用其它电解质。 [0053] Other electrolytes may also be used. 大多数酸及碱将在这些条件下蚀刻GaN，且特定来说，众所周知KOH是用于GaN的良好蚀刻剂。 Most acids and bases will etch GaN under these conditions, and in particular, is well known KOH etchant for GaN. 对于其它材料系统，存在广泛的文献记载的适当电解质及光源。 For other material systems, there is extensive literature describes suitable electrolyte and a light source.
[0054] 优点及改善 [0054] The advantages and improved
[0055] 本发明提供若干个益处及优点。 [0055] The present invention provides several benefits and advantages. 举例来说，可直接通过入射光的分布来控制芯片形状。 For example, the shape of the chip can be directly controlled by the distribution of the incident light. 激光器可已经经编程以映射出特定路径及形状，以使得其将相对简单地将此应用于将LED蚀刻成任意芯片形状。 Laser can be programmed to have a particular path mapping and shape so that it will be relatively simple to apply this LED chip is etched into an arbitrary shape. 当相对低浓度的电解质用于PEC蚀刻时，蚀刻速率与入射光的强度成正比，其中暗蚀刻速率极低，因此此技术实现各种各样的芯片形状。 When the relatively low concentration of the electrolyte for a PEC etch, the etch rate proportional to the intensity of incident light, wherein the dark etching rate is extremely low, so this chip technology to achieve a wide variety of shapes.
[0056] 在另一实例中，以此方式塑形的LED将具有增加的提取效率。 [0056] In another example, an LED shaped in this manner will have an increased extraction efficiency. 具体来说，此工艺将改善III-V LED的性能，尤其是在基于GaN的装置中，因为行业继续朝着使用生长于GaN衬底上的装置发展。 Specifically, this process will improve the performance of III-V LED, especially in GaN-based devices, because the industry continues to move on the developing apparatus used to grow a GaN substrate. 此外，此工艺是廉价的且如果将激光器用作光源那么可使此工艺快速且自动化。 Additionally, this process is expensive and if the laser is used as a light source and then quickly make this process automation.
[0057] 随着基于GaN的LED越来越多地同质外延生长于GaN衬底上，此技术提供另外的益处，因为可使用PEC蚀刻不仅蚀刻穿过GaN模板层（通常为几微米厚）而且还蚀刻穿过整个GaN衬底，从而消除对衬底切割、薄化或移除的需要，且通过提取在衬底中引导的模式而改善光提取。 [0057] As the GaN-based LED increasingly homoepitaxial growth on a GaN substrate, this technique offers additional benefits, not only because the use PEC etch through etch GaN template layer (typically a few microns thick) but also etching through the entire GaN substrate, thereby eliminating the cleavage of the substrate, thinning or removing the need for, and by extracting guided mode in the substrate to improve light extraction.
[0058] 除对芯片进行塑形以获得最佳提取以外，还可对芯片进行塑形以充当透镜，聚焦输出光，或以特定方式导引所述输出光。 [0058] except the chip shaped to obtain the best extraction, the chip may be shaped to act as a lens, a focus output light in a particular way or guiding the output light. 可能的芯片形状的几个实例显示于图4到10中。 Several examples of possible shape of a chip is shown in Figure 4-10.
[0059] 工艺步骤 [0059] Process Step
[0060] 图4(a)及图4(b)是用于蓝宝石402上的GaN 400的LED塑形工艺的第一实例的图示，其包括以下步骤：（1)将驻留于蓝宝石衬底402上的GaN模板400接合到基座404 (其由玻璃、硅等构成），如图4(a)中所示；（2)执行激光剥离以移除蓝宝石衬底402 (未显示）； 及（3)执行PEC蚀刻以在GaN模板400中形成有斜坡侧壁406，如图4(b)中所示。 [0060] FIG. 4 (a) and FIG. 4 (b) is an illustration of a first example of an LED shaping process GaN 400 on sapphire 402, which includes the following steps: (1) residing on a sapphire substrate GaN template 402 on the bottom 400 is coupled to a base 404 (which is made of glass, silicon, etc.), as shown in Figure 4 (a); and (2) performing a laser lift off to remove the sapphire substrate 402 (not shown); and (3) performing a PEC etch to form the GaN template 400 has sloped sidewalls 406, as shown in FIG. 4 (b). 还显示LED装置层408，其包含作用层、η型层及ρ型层等。 LED display apparatus 408 further layer, comprising an active layer, and a layer-type [eta] ρ type layer.
[0061] 图5(a)及图5(b)是用于蓝宝石504上的GaN 502的LED 500塑形工艺的第二实例的图示，其包括以下步骤：(1)将LED 500蚀刻到驻留于蓝宝石衬底504上的GaN模板502中，如图5 (a)中所示；(2)将GaN模板502接合到基座506 (其由玻璃、硅等构成)，如图5(a)中所示；(3)执行激光剥离以移除蓝宝石衬底504(未显示）；及（4)使用激光执行PEC蚀刻以在GaN模板502中形成任意形状（例如，形成透镜508的弯曲表面），如图5 (b) 中所示。 [0061] FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 5 (b) is a process of shaping LED 500 illustrating a second example of GaN 502 on sapphire 504, which includes the following steps: (1) etching to the LED 500 the GaN template 502 residing on a sapphire substrate 504, as shown in FIG. 5 (a); and (2) joined to the GaN template 502 of the base 506 (which is made of glass, silicon, etc.), 5 ( a) in FIG.; (3) performing a laser lift off to remove the sapphire substrate 504 (not shown); and (4) performing a PEC etch using a laser to form an arbitrary shape in the GaN template 502 (e.g., a curved lens 508 the surface), FIG. 5 (b) in FIG.
[0062] 图6图解说明包含以下步骤的用于制作半导体装置的更一般方法。 More generally, the method of fabricating a semiconductor device [0062] FIG. 6 illustrates steps comprising a.
[0063] 框600表示获得包含η型层、ρ型层及生长于模板或衬底上的作用区的III-V半导体材料，其中用于产生并发射光（例如，发射成引导模式）的所述作用区位于所述P型层与所述η型层之间中。 [0063] Box 600 represents η-type layer is obtained which comprises, III-V type semiconductor material layer, and ρ grown on a template or substrate active region, wherein the means for generating and emitting light (e.g., emitted into guided modes) the said active region located between the P-type layer and the η-type layer. 举例来说，所述III-V半导体材料可为III氮化物半导体材料。 For example, the III-V semiconductor materials may be III-nitride semiconductor material. 举例来说，所述III氮化物材料的定向（例如，生长平面或表面）及所述作用区的发光表面可为III氮化物的m平面、a平面、半极平面或c平面。 For example, the III-nitride material is oriented (e.g., growth plane or surface) of the light emitting surface and the active region may be an m plane III-nitride, a is planar, semi-polar plane or c plane.
[0064] 框602表示执行PEC蚀刻以用于由III-V半导体材料构成的装置的芯片塑形，以便提取捕集于所述III-V半导体材料中的发射成引导模式的光。 [0064] Block 602 represents performing a PEC etch for chip shaping means is composed of a III-V semiconductor material in order to extract light trapped in the III-V semiconductor material emitted into guided modes. 如果电解质的浓度足够低，那么蚀刻速率可与入射光的强度成比例。 If the concentration of the electrolyte is sufficiently low, the etching rate may be proportional to the incident light intensity.
[0065] 框604表示在所述PEC蚀刻期间使入射光的角度变化以控制所述III-V半导体材料的一个或一个以上所得表面（例如，顶表面或侧壁）的一个或一个以上角度，借此实现芯片塑形。 [0065] Block 604 indicates that the during the PEC etch to control an angle of incident light changes in one or more of the III-V semiconductor material resulting surface (e.g., top surface or side walls) of one or more angle, thereby achieving chip shaping. 举例来说，可使入射光的角度变化，以使得III-V半导体材料的侧壁有斜坡，以便将引导模式散射出III-V半导体材料而非将引导模式反射回到III-V半导体材料中。 For example, can change the angle of incident light, so that the III-V semiconductor material of the sidewall of the slopes, so as to guide the scattering mode III-V semiconductor material rather than reflecting the guided modes back to the III-V semiconductor material . 在另一实例中，所述表面中的每一者可为成侧壁角度的侧壁以使得源自作用区的光更有可能以大于TIR的临界角度的入射角度入射于所述侧壁上，以使得所述侧壁在第一遍中朝向所述装置的顶表面全内反射更多的引导模式且以使得更多的经全内反射的引导模式在用于提取的临界角度内入射于所述顶表面处。 In another example, each of the surfaces may be angled into the side walls so that the light from the active region is more likely to be greater than the critical angle for TIR at the incident angle on the sidewall , such that the sidewall totally internally reflected toward a top surface of said first pass device, and more guided modes such that more total internal reflection of the guided modes through the critical angle for the incident extraction said top surface.
[0066] 可使入射光的角度及强度变化以控制侧壁的平滑度及表面粗糙度。 [0066] allows the intensity of the incident light angle and the side wall to control the smoothness and surface roughness. 举例来说，可使入射光的角度或强度变化以使得侧壁的表面粗糙度充分小于由装置的作用区发射成引导模式的光的波长，以防止引导模式的光因表面粗糙度而散射。 For example, the angle of incident light or can change the intensity such that the surface roughness of the sidewall is sufficiently smaller than a wavelength of light emitted by the active region of the device into guided modes of the guided modes to prevent light scattered by the surface roughness. 在另一实例中，侧壁的表面对于所述波长为平面或镜面。 In another example, with respect to the wavelength of the surface of the sidewall or flat mirror. 在此方面，本发明能够（如果需要）制作并非大致由III-V 半导体材料的结晶学确定的角度及表面粗糙度。 In this aspect, the present invention is capable (if necessary) is not produced substantially determined angle and surface roughness of a crystalline Studies III-V semiconductor material.
[0067] 所述表面可包含一个或一个以上弯曲表面且所述芯片塑形可进一步包含使入射光的角度及/或强度分布变化以制作具有经设计曲率的弯曲表面。 [0067] The surface may comprise one or more curved surfaces and the chip shaping may further comprise the incident light angle and / or changes in the intensity distribution produced by the design curved surface having a curvature. 装置芯片可经塑形以充当透镜，聚焦其输出光，或以特定方式导引其输出光。 Device chip may be shaped to act as a lens that focuses output light, or in a particular manner the output light guide. 举例来说，入射光的角度或强度分布可对弯曲表面进行塑形及定位以界定聚焦或导引作用区所发射的光的透镜，其中所述透镜包含III氮化物半导体材料。 For example, the angle or intensity profile of incident light may be shaped and positioned to define a curved surface lens that focuses or directs the light emitted by the active region, wherein said lens comprises a III-nitride semiconductor material. 举例来说，所述透镜可为在作用层的顶部上、下面或侧上生长并塑形或在衬底或模板中塑形的层。 For example, the lenses may be on top of the active layer, grown and shaped or shaped in the substrate or template, or on the lower layer side. 所述弯曲表面可具有任何形状或曲率。 The curved surface may have any shape or curvature.
[0068] 框606表示执行PEC蚀刻以将包含多个装置的晶片切割成不同芯片。 [0068] Block 606 represents performing the PEC etch a wafer comprising a plurality of devices is cut different chips. 所述步骤可包含在所述PEC蚀刻期间使入射光的角度变化以将包含多个所述装置（例如，为针对增强的光提取塑形的芯片的装置）的晶片切割成不同芯片。 The step may comprise, during the PEC etch to change the angle of incident light comprising a plurality of said devices (e.g. as a means for enhancing the light extraction shaped chip) of the wafer is cut into different chips. 然而，所述PEC蚀刻也可在没有针对增强的光提取的任何芯片塑形或塑形的情况下用于晶片切割，即，大体任何装置的晶片切割。 However, the PEC etch may also be used for the case where there is no chip shaping or shaping of any enhanced light extraction wafer dicing, i.e., substantially any wafer dicing apparatus. 因此，框606表示用于晶片切割的方法，其包含使用或执行PEC蚀刻以将晶片切割成不同装置芯片。 Thus, block 606 represents a method for wafer dicing, comprising using PEC etch or to perform different wafer into device chips.
[0069] 举例来说，框608表示使用本发明的方法获得的经塑形光电子装置芯片，例如发光装置（LED或激光二极管）。 [0069] For example, block 608 represents the optoelectronic device chip through the shaping method of the present invention obtained, for example, a light emitting device (LED or laser diode). 所述装置可为通过PEC蚀刻从晶片切割的不同芯片。 The device may be cut from the wafer by the PEC etch to different chips.
[0070] 可视需要添加或省略步骤。 [0070] Step added or omitted as needed.
[0071] 装置实施例 [0071] Example apparatus
[0072] 图7到10是可使用根据本发明的PEC蚀刻实现的芯片几何形状的实例，其中所述实例是基于美国专利第7，268，371号[2]及第7，279，345号[7]，所述美国专利以引用方式并入本文中。 [0072] FIG. 7 to 10 are example of a PEC etch may be used according to the present invention enables chip geometry, where the examples are based on U.S. Pat. No. No. 7,268,371 [2] and the second 7,279,345 [7], the U.S. Patent is incorporated herein by reference. 来自本发明的图7、图8、图9及图10分别类似于来自美国专利第7，268，371 号[2]的图2、图11、图30及图33，但所述形状是使用不同的工艺（本发明的方法）形成且所述层由不同材料（本发明的实例使用III氮化物材料）制成且因此包含不同的结构。 The present invention from FIG. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are similar to Figures from U.S. Patent No. 7,268,371 [2] 2, FIG. 11, FIG. 30 and FIG. 33, but the shape is to use different process (process of the invention) and the layers formed of different materials (examples of the present invention uses III nitride material) and thus contains a different structure.
[0073] 具体来说，图7图解说明光电子装置芯片（半导体LED芯片700)的实施例，其包含III氮化物半导体材料，所述III氮化物半导体材料包含：顶部GaN窗层702、底部GaN 窗层704、所述顶部层702与底部层704之间的p-η结区，其中所述p_n结区包含ρ型GaN 层708与η型GaN层710之间的InGaN作用区706，且作用区706用于产生并发射光712、 714;所述III氮化物材料的具有表面平滑度的一个或一个以上经蚀刻表面（侧壁716)；及侧壁716的相对于作用区706的发光表面720成一个或一个以上斜坡或歪斜角度718的倾斜度，其中所述倾斜度及表面平滑度增强对否则将捕集于所述III氮化物半导体材料中的发射成引导模式712、714的光的提取。 [0073] Specifically, FIG. 7 illustrates an optoelectronic device chip (a semiconductor chip 700 LED) embodiment comprising a III nitride semiconductor material of the III-nitride semiconductor material comprising: a top GaN window layer 702, the bottom of the window GaN layer 704, a p-η junction region between top layer 704 and bottom layer 702, wherein the junction region comprises p_n ρ InGaN-type GaN layer 708 and an active region between 710 η-type GaN layer 706 and the active region 706 for generating and emitting light 712, 714; having a surface smoothness of the III-nitride material one or more etched surfaces (side walls 716); and a side wall 716 with respect to the active region 720 of the light emitting surface 706 into one or more slope inclination or skew angle 718, wherein the inclination of the surface smoothness and to enhance light extraction would otherwise be trapped in the III-nitride semiconductor material emitted into guided modes 712, 714 .
[0074] 在本发明的图7中，顶部窗层702及底部窗层704包含经掺杂III氮化物材料。 [0074] In the present invention, FIG. 7, the top of the window layer 702 and a bottom window layer 704 comprises a doped III-nitride material. 顶部窗层702可为剩余层706、708、710及704在其上外延生长的衬底或模板。 A top window layer 702 may be a remaining layers 706,708,710 and 704 on which the epitaxial growth substrate or template. 或者，底部窗层704可为剩余层706、708、710及702在其上外延生长的衬底或模板。 Alternatively, the bottom of the window layer 704 may be a remaining layers 706,708,710 and 702 on which the epitaxial growth substrate or template. 层706、708、710、 702及704可由按照惯例用于生长III氮化物（或III-V)LED的任何III氮化物材料（或III-V材料）制成。 Layers 706,708,710, 702 and 704 may be any of conventionally used for growth of III-nitride material is a nitride III (or III-V) of the LED (or III-V material). 举例来说，III氮化物材料的顶表面722及发光表面720可为（但不限于）ΠΙ氮化物的无极m平面或a平面。 For example, the top surface of the III-nitride material 722 and the light emitting surface 720 may be ΠΙ nitride as (but not limited to) non-polar a-plane or the m-plane.
[0075] 图7中还显示分别在顶部层702及底部层704上的顶部及底部电欧姆触点724、 726，其分别用于将空穴及电子注入到pn结区中。 In [0075] Figure 7 also shows top layer 702, respectively on the bottom and the top and bottom layer 704 ohmic electrical contacts 724, 726, respectively for holes and electrons injected into the pn junction region. 作用区706中的电子与空穴的重组产生从作用区706发射的光712、714([2]，第7栏，第22到25行）。 Recombination zone 706 of electrons and holes generate light 712, 714 ([2], column 7, lines 22 to 25) emitted from the active region 706.
[0076] 顶部窗702的侧壁716相对于垂直方向730以一角度（或若干角度）728定向，以使得顶表面722的面积广度大于作用区706的表面720的面积（[2]，第7栏，第43到46 行）。 [0076] The top of the sidewalls 716 of the window 702 with respect to the vertical direction is oriented at an angle 730 728 (or a plurality of angles), so that the top surface area is larger than the breadth 722 of the area of ​​the active region 720 of surface 706 ([2], 7 column, the first 43-46 rows). 因此，侧壁716的定向可增加LED 700的光提取表面面积。 Thus, the orientation of the side walls 716 may increase light extraction surface area of ​​the LED 700. 半导体与外部媒介（光712、714提取到其中）之间的界面（侧壁716及顶表面722)的表面面积相对于顶部触点724的表面面积或作用区706的表面720面积的相对增加还减小光子吸收于那些区处的可能性([2]，第7栏，第59到62行）。 Interface surface area (sidewalls 716 and top surface 722) of the semiconductor and the external medium (wherein the light extraction 712) between the relative increase in the surface 706 of the top contact surface area or the area of ​​the active region 724 further 720 reducing the likelihood that absorption at those regions ([2], column 7, lines 59-62).
[0077] 侧壁716的定向还致使：(1)撞击侧壁716的光712在装置700的顶表面722处TIR为逃逸角锥，如图7中的光线712所示，及（2)在顶表面722处TIR的许多光在侧壁716 处重新导引为逃逸角锥，如光线714所示（侧光可计及总体外部发射光的40%或更多），借此产生第一遍光712、714提取的增加（[2]，第7栏，第51到58行）。 Orientation [0077] The sidewall 716 also causes: (1) light strikes the side wall 712 of pyramid 722 TIR escape at the top surface 700 of the apparatus 716, the light 712 shown in FIG. 7, and (2) 722 TIR at the top surface of a plurality of light escape cone at the back side wall 716 at the guide, such as a ray 714 (40% overall outer side light and can emit light meter or more), thereby generating the first pass 712 increases light extraction ([2], column 7, lines 51-58).
[0078] 角度728可依据装置高度而恒定（如图7中所示），或可根据装置高度不断变化以产生部分或完全凹入或凸起侧壁716形状（[2]，第7栏，第48到51行）。 [0078] The apparatus according to the angle 728 may be constant height (shown in Figure 7), or 716 to produce a partially or fully concave or convex shape of the sidewall height changing device according to ([2], column 7, The first 48 to 51 lines).
[0079] 可相对于表面法线η测量TIR的临界角度θ。 [0079] relative to the surface normal to measure the critical angle for TIR η θ. （其中η垂直于光在其处入射的表面）。 (Wherein η incident light at which the surface of the vertical). 光线712以大于相对于η的θ。 Greater than 712 with respect to light of η θ. 的角度入射于界面716处（此为TIR)且以小于θ。 Incident on the interface at an angle 716 (here, TIR) and less than θ. 的角度入射于表面722处并被提取。 And the angle of incident on the extraction surface 722. 对于具有折射指数η = 2. 3的III氮化物半导体材料及具有折射指数next的外部媒介，θ。 For a III-nitride semiconductor material of a refractive index η = 2. 3 and having a refractive index next of the external medium, θ. = arcsin(next/n)。 = Arcsin (next / n). 当空气（Iiext = 1)为所述外部媒介时，θ。 When air (Iiext = 1) to the external medium, θ. 〜^°。 ~ ^ °. 因此，角度718、7观可使得光712更有可能以大于TIR的临界角度的入射角度入射于侧壁716上，以使得表面716在第一遍中朝向装置700的顶表面722全内反射更多的引导模式712且以使得更多的经全内反射的引导模式712在光提取的临界角度内入射于顶表面722处。 Thus, the angle that light 712 718,7 concept may be more likely to angle of incidence greater than the critical angle for TIR is incident on the side wall 716, such that a first pass towards the surface 716 top surface 700 of the device 722 more total internal reflection multiple pilot patterns 712 and such that the reflected guided modes within the full 712 more incident through the top surface 722 within the critical angle of light extraction.
[0080] 角度728、718的选择将取决于应用及所需输出性质。 [0080] The choice will depend on the angle 728,718 application and the desired output properties. 装置700可以更大的效率朝向顶表面722执行TIR，此取决于所使用的材料及几何形状。 Device 700 may be greater toward the top surface 722 of the efficiency of the implementation of TIR, this depends on the material and geometry used. 本发明可实现如什马托夫(Shmatov)等人的标题为“使用光线追踪技术的倒置截头棱锥发光二极管几何形状优化(Truncated-inverted-pyramid light emitting diode geometry optimisation using ray tracing technique) ”的参考文献[8] (IEEE光电子学会志，2003年6月，第150卷，第3期）中所描述的几何形状及/或角度（例如，718、7观），所述参考文献以引用方式并入本文中。 The present invention may be implemented as Shima Rostov (Shmatov) et al., Entitled "inverted truncated pyramid light emitting diode using ray tracing techniques to optimize the geometry (Truncated-inverted-pyramid light emitting diode geometry optimisation using ray tracing technique)" in reference [8] (IEEE photonics Gakkaishi, June 2003, Vol. 150, No. 3) the geometry of the described and / or angles (e.g., 718,7 concept), the reference by reference incorporated herein.
[0081] 然而，本发明能够实现任何角度718、7观且不限于特定角度。 [0081] However, the present invention can be implemented is not limited to any particular angle 718,7 View angle. 实际限制可（如果需要）影响对角度718、7观的选择（具体来说，面积产量考虑因素）（[2]，第7栏，第64到67行）。 The actual limit can (if required) on the concept of selecting the angle 718,7 (specifically, the area yield considerations) ([2], column 7, lines 64 to 67). 可在美国专利第7，268, 371号中找到更多信息，所述专利以引用方式并入本文中[2]0 More information can be found in U.S. Patent 7,268, 371, said patent incorporated herein by reference [2] 0
[0082] 图7图解说明其中侧壁716界定具有至少双边截头棱锥形状（然而，多边棱锥（例如，四边或六边棱锥）也是可行的）的LED芯片700的实例，其中在基底处具有角度718。 [0082] FIG. 7 illustrates a side wall 716 which defines a truncated pyramid having at least bilateral shape (however, a polygonal pyramid (e.g., four-sided or six-sided pyramid) is also possible) Examples of the LED chip 700, having an angle at the base 718. 然而，本发明可实现任何任意所需形状。 However, the present invention may be implemented in any desired arbitrary shape.
[0083] 举例来说，图8描绘LED 800的另一实施例，其中LED 800的侧壁802的倾斜度增强对捕集于III氮化物半导体材料812中的由作用区806发射成引导模式808、810的光804的提取。 [0083] For example, Figure 8 depicts another embodiment of LED 800, in which the LED 802 of the side wall 800 by the action of the inclination of the reinforcing region trapped in the III-nitride semiconductor material 812 is emitted into guided modes 808 806 , 804 810 light extraction. 还显示将III氮化物η型层814、III氮化物ρ型层816以及欧姆触点818及820两者（分别制成到η型层814及ρ型层816)制成到LED 800的底部表面。 Also shows that the two η-type III nitride layer 814, ρ type III nitride layer 816 and the ohmic contacts 818 and 820 (respectively made to η-type layer 814 and the [rho] type layer 816) formed in the bottom surface of the LED 800 . III氮化物透明顶部窗层822未经掺杂或无意地经掺杂。 III nitride transparent top window layer 822 undoped or unintentionally doped.
[0084] 图9图解说明LED芯片900的另一实施例，其中III氮化物半导体材料的经蚀刻表面或侧壁902、904有斜坡（例如，成角度906、908)，以使得源自作用区910的光更有可能以小于Θ。 [0084] FIG. 9 illustrates another embodiment of an LED chip 900, wherein the sidewalls of the etched surface, or III-nitride semiconductor material 902, 904 has a slope (e.g., at an angle 908), such that the active region from light 910 is more likely to be less than Θ. 的角度入射于侧壁902、904处，以便将引导模式散射出III氮化物半导体材料，而非将引导模式反射回到III氮化物半导体材料中。 Incident at an angle at the side walls 902, 904, so as to guide the scattering mode III-nitride semiconductor material, rather than reflected back into the guide mode III-nitride semiconductor material. LED 900的侧壁912、914的倾斜度（例如，成有斜坡角度916、918，以使得源自作用区910的光更有可能以大于θ。的角度入射于侧壁912、914处，借此致使源自作用区910的光朝向顶表面（例如，916)TIR)还增强对捕集于III氮化物半导体材料中的由作用区916发射成引导模式的光的提取，因为光更有可能以小于θ。 The inclination of the side walls 912, 914 of the LED 900 (e.g., 916, 918 to have slope angle, so that the light from the active region 910 is more likely to be greater than the angle θ. 912, 914 at the incident side walls, by this causes the light originating from the active region toward the top surface 910 (e.g., 916) the TIR) further enhance the extraction of light trapped in the semiconductor material of the III-nitride active region 916 into guided modes of emission, because the light is more likely to less than θ. 的角度入射于顶表面916处。 Incident at an angle to the top surface 916. 相对于平行于η型层922与顶部窗层拟4之间的界面920的平面显示角度906、908、916、918。 920 with respect to the planar interface 4 between the display angle 906,908,916,918 η-type layer 922 parallel to the top window layer intended. III氮化物材料包含η型层922、ρ型层926、 发光作用层910及顶部窗层924。 III-nitride material comprises η-type layer 922, ρ-type layer 926, a light emitting active layer 910 and a top window layer 924. 顶部窗层拟4可为层922、拟6及910在其上外延生长的GaN衬底。 Quasi top window layer 4 may be a layer 922, 910 intended to 6 and in which the epitaxially grown GaN substrate. 将欧姆触点拟8及930制成到η型层922及ρ型层924。 The ohmic contacts 930 and 8 intended to η-type layer 922 is made and ρ-type layer 924. ρ型层拟6与η型层922的位置可反转。 ρ-type layer 6 and the intended position of η-type layer 922 may be reversed. 在作用区910的顶表面932中还显示；角度906、908、916及918也是相对于此表面932。 Also shown in the top surface 932 of the active region 910; 906,908,916 and 918 are angular surfaces 932 opposite thereto.
[0085] 其它形状（包括但不限于角锥）也是可行的。 [0085] Other shapes (including but not limited to pyramids) are also possible. [0086] 图10图解说明具有芯片形状的光电子装置芯片1000的又一实施例，其中LED 1000的III氮化物材料的一个或一个以上经蚀刻表面包含一个或一个以上经蚀刻弯曲表面1002。 [0086] FIG. 10 illustrates an optoelectronic device chip having a chip shape of still another embodiment 1000, wherein a LED III nitride material 1000 comprises one or more etched surfaces etched with one or more curved surfaces 1002. 具体来说，所述一个或一个以上弯曲表面1002经塑形及定位以界定聚焦或导引III氮化物作用区1006所发射的光的透镜1004。 Specifically, the one or more curved surfaces 1002 is shaped and positioned to define a lens that focuses or directs the light-III nitride active region 1006 1004 emitted. 透镜1004包含III氮化物半导体材料1008且为在作用层1006的顶部上生长并塑形的层1010。 Lens 1004 comprises a III-Nitride semiconductor material 1008 and is grown and shaped on top of the active layer 1006 of the layer 1010. III氮化物半导体材料1008可为III氮化物作用区1006、III氮化物ρ型层1012及III氮化物η型层1014在其上外延生长且透镜1004在其中塑形的模板或衬底。 1014 epitaxially growing a III-Nitride semiconductor material 1008 may be a III-nitride active region 1006, III-nitride ρ-type layer 1012 and η-type III nitride layer and the lens 1004 therein shaping template or substrate. 还显示分别接触ρ型层1012及η型层1014的欧姆触点1016及1018。 Also shown are in contact ρ-type layer and an ohmic contact 10161012 η-type layer 1014 and 1018.
[0087] 在以上实施例中，可（如果需要）独立于III-V半导体材料的结晶学（结晶学属性或结晶平面定向）而选择侧壁（例如，716、802、902、904、912、914、1002)的角度（例如， 718、728、906、908、916、918)及/或表面平滑度。 [0087] In the above embodiments, may (if desired) independent of the crystallographic III-V semiconductor material (or crystal plane crystallographic orientation property) is selected sidewall (e.g., 716,802,902,904,912, 914,1002) angle (e.g., 718,728,906,908,916,918), and / or surface smoothness. 此外，由于光电子装置芯片塑形包含在PEC蚀刻期间使入射光的角度变化以控制III-V半导体材料的所得侧壁716、802、902、904、 912、914、1002的角度718、728、906、908、916、918及/或表面粗糙度，因此作用区、ρ型层、η 型层及表面粗糙度或平滑度不因离子损坏、锯割、喷砂或结晶学蚀刻而降级或由其来确定。 Further, since the optoelectronic device comprises a chip shaping during the PEC etch the angle of the incident light to control the resulting III-V semiconductor material of the side walls 716,802,902,904, 718,728,906 angle of 912,914,1002 , 908,916,918, and / or surface roughness, and therefore the active region, layer type [rho], [eta]-type layer and the surface roughness or smoothness by ion is not damaged, sawing, sandblasting or crystallographic etching or degraded by to make sure.
[0088] 本发明的方法使得能够形成装置的具有任何所需轮廓（例如，平滑、粗糙或经图案化）的侧壁716或弯曲表面。 [0088] The method of the present invention enables forming apparatus having any desired contour (e.g., smooth, rough or patterned) surface of the sidewall 716 or curved. 举例来说，侧壁716、1002的表面租糙度可充分小于作用区706、1006所发射的光的波长，以使得光不因表面粗糙度而散射且侧壁对于光的波长为镜面、似镜或具反射性。 For example, the surface roughness of the sidewall 716,1002 rent may be sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of light emitted by the active region 706,1006, so that the light is not scattered by the surface roughness of the side wall and a mirror for the wavelength of light, like a or with reflective mirror. 虽然不测量侧壁粗糙度（且在一些情况（例如，一些倾斜表面）下， 不可能使用原子力显微镜（AFM)来测量侧壁粗糙度），但据估计，本发明可使侧壁粗糙度从几纳米（nm)的均方根（RMS)变化为几百nm，此取决于蚀刻条件。 Although not measured sidewall roughness (and in some cases (e.g., a number of inclined surface), not possible to use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure sidewall roughness), it is estimated that the present invention allows the sidewall roughness a few nanometers (nm) root mean square (rMS) variation of several hundred nm, this depending on etching conditions. 然而，可获得侧壁或表面上的任何任意粗糙度或图案。 However, any arbitrary roughness or the pattern obtained on the wall or surface.
[0089] 因此，本发明能够制作更平滑、更为镜面且更具反射性且成不同于参考文献[1-6] 中所描述的那些角度的角度（以及类似于参考文献[1-6]中所描述的那些角度的角度）的侧壁及其它表面（例如，III-V材料（例如，III氮化物）的侧壁及其它表面）。 [0089] Accordingly, the present invention is able to produce a smoother, more and more reflective and specular to be different from Reference [1-6] angle to those described in angle (and similar references [1-6] those angles in the angle described) and the other side wall surfaces (e.g., III-V materials (e.g., III-nitride) and the other side wall surface). 本发明的制作比其它方法便宜且简单，其可将侧壁的表面平滑度及角度制作为使得与未经塑形的装置相比实现从10%到大于两倍之间的光提取增强（参见参考文献）。 Produced according to the present invention is cheaper and simpler than other methods, which may be the sidewall surface smoothness and making an angle such as from 10% to achieve as compared to greater than two times the light extraction enhancement between the shaping device and without (see references). 因此，本发明可制作具有比参考文献[1-6]中所描述的装置更高的提取效率及输出功率的装置。 Accordingly, the present invention means a higher extraction efficiency and output power [1-6] described making reference ratio having. 举例来说，本发明能够制作以宽广范围的波长发射的装置，从紫外波长到红色波长（例如，400nm到700nm)。 For example, the apparatus of the present invention can be manufactured in a wide wavelength range emitted from a red wavelength to ultraviolet wavelength (e.g., 400 nm to 700nm).
[0090] 此外，本发明可以改善的准确性制作侧壁角度(例如，718、728、906、908、916、 918)。 [0090] Further, the present invention can improve the accuracy of the side walls making an angle (e.g., 718,728,906,908,916, 918). 所述准确性将取决于对光学器件的控制程度。 The accuracy will depend on the degree of control of the optical device. 举例来说，本发明可非常精确地（精确到好于1度）制作侧壁角度(例如，718、728、906、908、916、918)。 For example, the present invention can be very precisely (accurate to better than 1 degree) produced sidewall angle (e.g., 718,728,906,908,916,918).
[0091] 可通过其它（更困难或昂贵的）方法制作倒置棱锥形状，但尚未展示任意形状(例如，透镜）。 [0091] The inverted pyramid shape can be produced by other (more difficult or expensive) method, but not showing any shape (e.g., a lens).
[0092] 参考文献 [0092] Reference
[0093] 以下参考文献以引用方式并入本文中： [0093] The following references are incorporated herein by reference:
[0094] [1]克拉姆斯（Krames)等人的“展现> 50%外部量子效率的高功率倒置截头棱维.AlxGal2x. 0. 5InO. 5P/GaP 发光二极管(High-power truncated-inverted-pyramid. AlxGal2x. 0. 5InO. 5P/GaP light-emitting diodes exhibiting>50% external quantum efficiency)”，应用物理学快报75，第16期，2365 (1999)。 [0094] [1] James ct (Krames) et al., "Show> 50% external quantum efficiency of the high power inverted frusto-dimensional .AlxGal2x. 0. 5InO. 5P / GaP light emitting diodes (High-power truncated-inverted -pyramid. AlxGal2x. 0. 5InO. 5P / GaP light-emitting diodes exhibiting> 50% external quantum efficiency) ", applied Physics Letters 75, 16, 2365 (1999). 此出版物描述将机械锯割与AlGalnP 一同使用来形成倒置截头棱锥，与未经塑形的LED相比具有1. 4x的增强。 This publication describes the use of mechanical sawing and AlGalnP together to form an inverted truncated pyramid, as compared with an LED with enhanced without shaping of 1. 4x.
[0095] [2]克拉姆斯（Krames)等人的“通过芯片塑形从半导体发光装置进行光提取(Light Extraction From a Semiconductor Light Emitting Device By Chip Shaping)，，， 美国专利第7，268，371号，在2007年9月11日发布。此专利描述用于GaP LED的芯片塑形且的确提及使用PEC蚀刻。对GaN的唯一提及是作为可能的透明基座。 [0095] [2] Williams Carat (Krames) et al., "From the semiconductor light emitting device by the chip shaping light extraction (Light Extraction From a Semiconductor Light Emitting Device By Chip Shaping) ,,, U.S. Patent No. 7,268, No. 371, published September 11, 2007. this patent describes a GaP LED chip shaping and does mention the use of PEC etch. the only reference to GaN is transparent as possible to the base.
[0096] [3]李（Lee)等人的“通过采用几何蓝宝石塑形结构的基于GaN的高亮度倒装发光二极管(High brightness GaN-based flip-chip light-emitting diodes by adopting geometric sapphire shaping structure) ”，半导体科学与技术23，025015 (2008)。 [0096] [3] Lee (Lee) et al., "Through the use of GaN-based high-brightness light-emitting diode flip chip (High brightness GaN-based flip-chip light-emitting diodes by adopting geometric sapphire shaping structure geometry of sapphire shaping structure ) ", semiconductor Science and technology 23,025015 (2008). 此出版物描述一种用以结晶学湿式蚀刻蓝宝石的方法。 This publication describes a method for crystallographic wet etching of sapphire. 所述蚀刻相当浅，且由于衬底如此厚，因此与[1]中的结果相比其为对芯片形状的微扰。 The relatively shallow etching, since the substrate is so thick and, as compared with a chip shape perturbation of [1] results. 所述出版物陈述观察到了光提取效率的 The publication stated observed light extraction efficiency
的增强。 Enhancements.
[0097] [4]朱（am)等人的“具有侧壁反射器的倒装发光二极管的增强的输出（Enhanced output of flip-chip light-emitting diodes with a sidewall reflector) ”，固态电子学51，67M2007)。 "Enhanced flip-chip light emitting diode having an output reflector sidewall (Enhanced output of flip-chip light-emitting diodes with a sidewall reflector)" [0097] [4] Zhu (AM) et al., Solid State Electronics 51 , 67M2007). 此出版物描述使用抗蚀剂回流及干式蚀刻以磨蚀材料且获得有角度蚀刻来制作经蚀刻台面，其中侧涂覆有Si02/Ag反射器。 This publication describes the use of a resist and dry etching reflux to obtain an abrasive material and angled to create etched mesa etching, wherein the side coated with Si02 / Ag reflector. 所述出版物描述相当浅的蚀刻及仅11%的增强。 The publication describes a rather shallow etching and only 11% enhancement.
[0098] [5]村井等人的“基于ZnO与GaN直接晶片接合的六边形棱锥塑形的发光二极管(Hexagonal pyramid shaped light-emitting diodes based on ZnO and GaN direct wafer bonding) ”，应用物理学快报89，171116(2006)。 [0098] [5] Murai et al., "Light emitting diode and a ZnO hexagonal pyramid shaped GaN direct wafer bonding (Hexagonal pyramid shaped light-emitting diodes based on ZnO and GaN direct wafer bonding)", Applied Physics Letters 89,171116 (2006). 此出版物描述本发明的受让人UCSB 对ZnO的使用。 This publication describes the use of the assignee of the present invention to UCSB ZnO. 具体来说，所述出版物描述晶片接合的ZnO与ρ-GaN作为透明ρ触点且执行结晶学湿式蚀刻以获得仍附接有蓝宝石衬底的棱锥结构。 Specifically, the publication describes a bonded wafer as the ρ-GaN and ZnO transparent [rho] crystallographic contacts and performing a wet etching to obtain a pyramid structure is still attached to the sapphire substrate. 所述出版物描述与具有薄Ni/ Au透明ρ触点的标准LED相比2. 2x的增强。 The publication describes with Au contacts ρ transparent compared to standard LED 2. 2x reinforcing a thin Ni /.
[0099] [6]魁皇（Kao)等人的“具有22°底切侧壁的基于氮化物的发光二极管的光输出i曾强(Light-Output Enhancement in a Nitride-Based Light-Emitting Diode With 22° Undercut Sidewalls) ”，IEEE 光子学技术快报17，19-21 (2005)。 [0099] [6] Quebec Huang (Kao) et al., "Having a 22 ° undercut sidewall based on the light output of i-emitting diode nitride had a strong (Light-Output Enhancement in a Nitride-Based Light-Emitting Diode With 22 ° Undercut Sidewalls) ", IEEE Photonics technology Letters 17,19-21 (2005). 此出版物描述GaN干式蚀刻的LED。 This publication describes dry etching GaN LED. 所述出版物描述使用零偏置干式蚀刻来获得以22°倾斜的小面及在LED周围到2. 5 μ m的深度的蚀刻。 The publication describes the use of zero bias to obtain a dry etching inclined at 22 ° and the depth of etched facets around the LED to the 2. 5 μ m. 所述出版物陈述光提取增强1. 7x。 The publication Chen Shuguang extraction enhancement 1. 7x.
[0100] [7]卡姆拉斯（Camras)等人的“形成具有改善的光提取效率的发光装置的方法(Method of forming light emitting devices with improved light extraction efficiency) ”，美国专利第7，279，345号，在2007年10月9日发布。 [0100] [7] Kamras (Camras) et al., "Forming method (Method of forming light emitting devices with improved light extraction efficiency) light emitting device having improved light extraction efficiency" and U.S. Patent No. 7,279 No. 345, issued in 2007 Oct. 9.
[0101] [8]托夫等人的“使用光线追踪技术的倒置截头棱锥发光二极管几何形状优化(Truncated-inverted-pyramid light emitting diode geometry optimisation using ray tracing technique)”，IEEE 光电子学会志，2003 年6 月，第150 卷，第3 期。 [0101] [8] Christoph et al., "By ray tracing techniques inverted truncated pyramid light emitting diode geometry optimization (Truncated-inverted-pyramid light emitting diode geometry optimisation using ray tracing technique)", IEEE photonics Gakkaishi, 2003 in June 2009, Vol. 150, No. 3.
[0102] [9]尔特姆波利、伊夫林L.胡、马修C.史密特、中村修二及史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯在2009年5月12日提出申请且标题为“P型半导体异质结构的光电化学蚀刻(Photoelectroehemical Etching of P-type Semiconductor Heterostructures)，， 的同在申请中且共同转让的美国实用新型申请案第12/464,723号（代理档案号30794. 272-US-U1 (2008-533))，所述申请案请求阿黛尔特姆波利、伊夫林L.胡、马修C.史密特、中村修二及史蒂文P.丹巴尔斯在2008年5月12日提出申请且标题为“P型半导体异质结构的光电化学蚀刻（Photoelectroehemical Etching of P-type Semiconductor Heterostructures) ” 的美国临时申请案第61/052，421 号（档案号30794. 272-US-P1 (2008-533))的35U. S. C Section 119(e)项下的权益。此专利申请案描述本发明的受让人UCSB对ρ型半导体的PEC蚀刻。 [0102] [9] 尔特姆波利, Evelyn L. Hu, Matthew C. Schmidt, Shuji Nakamura and Steven P. Danba Falls filed in May 12, 2009 and entitled "US utility application photoelectrochemical etching the P-type semiconductor heterostructure (Photoelectroehemical etching of P-type semiconductor heterostructures) ,, in the same and commonly assigned applications / number (Attorney docket No. 30794. 272- 12 464,723 US-U1 (2008-533)), the application request 阿黛尔特姆 Polly, Evelyn L. Hu, Matthew C. Schmidt, Shuji Nakamura and Steven P. Scholes in Danba US provisional application filed May 12, 2008 and entitled "photoelectrochemical etching the P-type semiconductor heterostructure (Photoelectroehemical etching of P-type semiconductor heterostructures)" No. 61 / No. (Docket No. 30794 052,421. 272-US-P1 (2008-533)) of 35U. interest under S. C Section 119 (e) entry. this patent application describes the assignee of the present invention UCSB PEC etching ρ-type semiconductor.
[0103] 注意，以上参考文献[3]到[6]关注基于GaN的LED。 [0103] Note that the above reference [3] to [6] Follow GaN-based LED. 仅参考文献[4]及[6]关注GaN的蚀刻，且其受到限制，因为不提取蓝宝石衬底中的引导模式。 Only Reference [4] and [6] Follow GaN etching, and which are limited because the extraction is not guided modes of the sapphire substrate.
[0104] Mrk [0104] Mrk
[0105] 现在对本发明优选实施例的说明加以总结。 [0105] Description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be summarized. 下文描述用于实现本发明的一些替代实施例。 It is described below for implementing some alternative embodiments of the present invention.
[0106] 已出于图解说明及说明目的呈现对本发明的一个或一个以上实施例的上述说明。 [0106] has been presented for purposes of illustration and description above presents a description of the present invention, one or more embodiments. 本说明并非打算包罗无遗或将本发明限制于所揭示的精确形式。 This description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. 根据以上教示可做出许多种修改及变化。 Based on the above teachings can make many modifications and changes. 本发明的范围不打算受此详细说明的限制而是受所附权利要求书的限制。 The scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited by this detailed description but rather by the appended claims.
1. 一种用于制作半导体装置的方法，其包含：执行光电化学（PEC)蚀刻以用于由III-V半导体材料构成的装置的芯片塑形，以便提取捕集于所述III-V半导体材料中的发射成引导模式的光。 A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising: performing a photoelectrochemical (PEC) etch for chip shaping means is composed of a III-V semiconductor material, in order to extract trapped in the III-V semiconductor light emitted into guided modes in the material.
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述芯片塑形包含在所述PEC蚀刻期间使入射光的角度变化以控制所述III-V半导体材料的一个或一个以上所得表面的一个或一个以上角度。 The method according to claim 1, wherein said chip comprises shaping the angle of the incident light during the PEC etch to control one of said one or more III-V semiconductor material or a surface of the resulting above angle.
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述表面中的每一者为成所述角度的侧壁，使得所述侧壁在第一遍中朝向所述装置的顶表面全内反射更多的所述引导模式，其中更多的所述经全内反射的引导模式在用于提取的临界角度内入射于所述顶表面处。 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein each of the surfaces of the angled side wall, such that total internal reflection of a top surface of the sidewall of the device in a first pass towards a more the multi-mode guide, wherein the more the guided mode in the total internal reflection critical angle for extracting is incident on the top surface.
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述表面中的每一者为侧壁，且所述芯片塑形进一步包含使所述入射光的所述角度变化以控制所述侧壁的平滑度及表面粗糙度。 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein each of the sidewall surfaces and the chip shaping further comprises contacting said angle change of the incident light to control smoothing of the sidewall and surface roughness.
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述侧壁的所述表面粗糙度充分小于发射成所述引导模式的所述光的波长以防止所述引导模式的光因所述表面粗糙度而散射，以使得所述侧壁的表面对于所述波长为镜面。 The method according to claim 4, wherein the surface roughness of the sidewall is sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of the light emitted into the guided mode of said guided modes to prevent light due to the surface roughness scattered, so that the surface of the sidewall with respect to the wavelength of a mirror.
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述角度及所述表面粗糙度并非大致由所述III-V半导体材料的结晶学确定。 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein said angles and the surface roughness is not substantially determined by the learning of the crystalline III-V semiconductor material.
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述表面为侧壁，且所述侧壁的所述角度使得所述III-V半导体材料的所述侧壁有斜坡，以便将所述引导模式散射出所述III-V半导体材料而非将所述引导模式反射回到所述III-V半导体材料中。 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein said surface is a side wall, and the angle of the side wall such that the side wall of said III-V semiconductor material has a slope, so that the guided modes scattered out of the III-V semiconductor material rather than reflecting the guided modes back into the III-V semiconductor material.
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述表面包含一个或一个以上弯曲表面，且所述芯片塑形进一步包含使所述入射光的角度或强度分布变化以制作所述弯曲表面。 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein said surface comprises one or more curved surfaces and the chip shaping further comprises the angle of incident light or to make changes in the intensity distribution of the curved surface.
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其进一步包含：获得所述III-V半导体材料，所述III-V半导体材料包含生长于模板或衬底上的η型层、P型层及作用区，其中用于产生所述光且将所述光发射成所述引导模式的所述作用区位于所述P型层与所述η型层之间，且所述III-V半导体材料为III氮化物半导体材料；及执行所述PEC蚀刻步骤以形成所述III氮化物半导体材料的至少一个所得表面。 9. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: obtaining the III-V semiconductor material of the III-V semiconductor material comprises η-type layer grown on a template or substrate, P-type layer and the active region , wherein the means for generating the light and the light emitted into guided modes of the active region is located between the P-type layer and the η-type layer, and the III-V semiconductor material is III N the resulting surface and at least one of the PEC etch step performed to form the III-nitride semiconductor material; compound semiconductor material.
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述入射光的所述角度对所述弯曲表面进行塑形及定位以界定聚焦或导引所述作用区所发射的所述光的透镜，且所述透镜包含III氮化物半导体材料。 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the angle of the incident light is shaped and positioned to define the curved surface of the light guide or lens focuses the emitted active region, and said lens comprising a III-nitride semiconductor material.
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述透镜为在作用层的顶部上生长并塑形或在所述衬底或模板中塑形的层。 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the lens is grown and shaped on top of the active layer, or shaped in the substrate or template layer.
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述III氮化物材料的定向及所述作用区的发光表面为m平面或a平面。 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the light emitting surface of the active region and the orientation of said III-nitride material is a-plane or the m-plane.
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述装置经塑形以充当透镜，以聚焦其输出光， 或以特定方式导引其输出光。 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device is shaped to act as a lens, to focus its output light, or in a particular manner the output light guide.
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中执行所述PEC蚀刻以将包含多个所述装置的晶片切割成不同芯片。 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein performing the PEC etch a wafer comprising a plurality of cut different chips of the device.
15. 一种发光二极管（LED)，其包含：III氮化物半导体材料，其包括用于产生并发射光的作用区；其中所述III氮化物半导体材料包括具有表面平滑度的一个或一个以上经蚀刻表面；其中所述经蚀刻表面具有相对于所述作用区的发光表面成一个或一个以上有斜坡角度的倾斜度；且其中所述经蚀刻表面的所述表面平滑度及所述倾斜度增强对捕集于所述III氮化物半导体材料中的发射成引导模式的光的提取。 15. A light emitting diode (the LED), comprising: III-nitride semiconductor material including an active region for generating and emitting light; wherein said III-nitride semiconductor material comprises a surface having a smoothness or more by etched surface; wherein said etched surface with respect to the light emitting surface of the active region into one or more inclination angles of the slopes; and wherein the surface of the etched surface smoothness and enhancing the inclination extraction of trapped in the III-nitride semiconductor material emitting light into guided modes.
16.根据权利要求15所述的LED，其中所述有斜坡角度使得所述表面在第一遍中朝向所述LED的顶表面全内反射更多的所述弓I导模式，且更多的所述经全内反射的弓I导模式在用于提取的临界角度内入射于所述顶表面处。 16. The LED of claim 15, wherein said surface has a slope angle such that the greater the total internal reflection mode in the guiding bow I first pass towards a top surface of the LED, and more the totally internally reflected by the guide bow I pattern within the critical angle for extracting is incident on the top surface.
17.根据权利要求15所述的LED，其中所述III氮化物半导体材料包括模板或衬底、η 型层、P型层、所述P型层与所述η型层之间的作用区，以使得所述η型层、ρ型层及作用层均生长于所述模板或衬底上。 17. The LED of claim 15, wherein said III-nitride semiconductor material comprising a template or substrate, [eta]-type layer, a P-type layer, the active region between the P-type layer and the layer type [eta], so that the layer type η, ρ-type layer and active layer are grown on the template or substrate.
18.根据权利要求15所述的LED，其中所述经蚀刻表面为具有充分小于所述作用区所发射的所述光的波长的表面粗糙度的一个或一个以上侧壁，以使得所述光不因所述表面粗糙度而散射且所述侧壁的表面对于所述光的波长为镜面。 18. The LED of claim 15, wherein said etched surface having a surface roughness of the active region is sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of the emitted light to one or more side walls, so that the light not because of the scattering and the surface roughness of the sidewall surface of the light wavelength for a mirror.
19.根据权利要求15所述的LED，其中所述经蚀刻表面有斜坡以便将所述引导模式散射出所述III氮化物半导体材料而非将所述引导模式反射回到所述III氮化物半导体材料中。 19. The LED of claim 15, wherein said etched surface has a ramp for guiding the scattered pattern of the III-nitride semiconductor material rather than reflecting the guided modes back into the III-nitride semiconductor material.
20.根据权利要求15所述的LED，其中所述经蚀刻表面包含一个或一个以上弯曲表面。 20. The LED of claim 15, wherein the etched surface comprises one or more curved surfaces.
21.根据权利要求20所述的LED，其中所述弯曲表面经塑形及定位以界定聚焦或导引所述作用区所发射的所述光的透镜，且所述透镜由所述III氮化物半导体材料构成。 21. The LED of claim 20, wherein said curved surface is shaped and positioned to define a lens focuses the light guide or the active region is emitted by the lens and the nitride III semiconductor material.
22.根据权利要求21所述的LED，其中所述透镜为在所述作用层的顶部上生长并塑形或在所述衬底或模板中塑形的层。 22. The LED of claim 21, wherein the lens is grown and shaped on top of the active layer, or shaped in the substrate or template layer.
23.根据权利要求15所述的LED，其中所述III氮化物半导体材料的顶表面及所述发光表面为m平面或a平面。 23. The LED of claim 15, wherein the top surface of the III-nitride semiconductor material and a light emitting surface is the m plane or a plane.
24.根据权利要求15所述的LED，其中所述角度及所述表面平滑度并非大致由所述III 氮化物半导体材料的结晶学确定。 24. The LED of claim 15, wherein said angles and the surface smoothness is not determined by the crystalline substantially learned the III-nitride semiconductor material.
25.根据权利要求15所述的LED，其中所述LED为通过光电化学（PEC)蚀刻从晶片切割的不同芯片。 25. The LED of claim 15, wherein the LED through photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of the wafer cut from different chips.
26. 一种用于晶片切割的方法，其包含使用光电化学（PEC)蚀刻来将晶片切割成不同装置芯片。 26. A method for wafer dicing, comprising using photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching the wafer into distinct device chips.
27. 一种用于制作半导体装置的设备，其包含：电化学单元，其用于在光电化学（PEC)蚀刻期间以化学方式蚀刻III-V半导体材料；光源，其用于将入射光发射到所述III-V半导体材料上；及用于相对于所述电化学单元中的所述III-V半导体材料重新定位所述入射光的构件， 其中所述用于重新定位的构件在所述PEC蚀刻期间使所述入射光的角度变化以控制所述III-V半导体材料的所得侧壁的角度，借此对由所述III-V半导体材料构成的所述装置进行芯片塑形以便提取捕集于所述III-V半导体材料中的发射成引导模式的光。 27. An apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising: an electrochemical cell for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching during the etching chemically III-V semiconductor material; a light source for emitting the incident light on the III-V semiconductor material; and means for with respect to the electrochemical cell in a III-V semiconductor material repositioning member of the incident light, wherein the means for repositioning of the PEC during the etching of the angle of the incident light is varied to control the resulting sidewalls of the III-V semiconductor material angle, whereby the device composed of the III-V semiconductor material in order to extract trapped chip shaping light in the III-V semiconductor material emitted into guided modes.
28.根据权利要求27所述的设备，其中所述芯片经塑形以充当透镜，以聚焦其输出光， 或以特定方式导引其输出光。 28. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the chip is shaped to act as a lens, to focus its output light, or in a particular manner the output light guide.
29.根据权利要求27所述的设备，其中所述PEC蚀刻经执行以将晶片切割成不同芯片。 29. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the PEC etch performed to the wafer into separate chips.
CN2009801396747A 2008-10-09 2009-10-09 Photoelectrochemical etching for chip shaping of light emitting diodes CN102171846A (en)
US10401508P true 2008-10-09 2008-10-09
US61/104,015 2008-10-09
PCT/US2009/060244 WO2010042871A1 (en) 2008-10-09 2009-10-09 Photoelectrochemical etching for chip shaping of light emitting diodes
CN102171846A true CN102171846A (en) 2011-08-31
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CN2009801396747A CN102171846A (en) 2008-10-09 2009-10-09 Photoelectrochemical etching for chip shaping of light emitting diodes
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