Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5028787?dq=7,577,080
Timestamp: 2014-03-15 19:27:15
Document Index: 552011285

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.\n4', 'art.\n6', 'art.\n8', 'art.\n14', 'art.\n18', 'art.\n20', 'art.\n22', 'art.\n29']

Patent US5028787 - Non-invasive measurement of blood glucose - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA near-infrared quantitative analysis instrument and method non-invasively measures blood glucose by analyzing near-infrared energy following interactance with venous or arterial blood, or transmission through a blood containing body part. The instrument and method is accurate and can readily be utilized...http://www.google.com/patents/US5028787?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5028787 - Non-invasive measurement of blood glucoseAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5028787 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/298,904Publication dateJul 2, 1991Filing dateJan 19, 1989Priority dateJan 19, 1989Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2045599A1, CA2045599C, DE69032126D1, DE69032126T2, EP0456716A1, EP0456716A4, EP0456716B1, WO1990007905A1Publication number07298904, 298904, US 5028787 A, US 5028787A, US-A-5028787, US5028787 A, US5028787AInventorsLinda H. Mackie, Lynn N. Paynter, Robert D. RosenthalOriginal AssigneeFutrex, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (54), Non-Patent Citations (26), Referenced by (369), Classifications (16), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetNon-invasive measurement of blood glucoseUS 5028787 AAbstract A near-infrared quantitative analysis instrument and method non-invasively measures blood glucose by analyzing near-infrared energy following interactance with venous or arterial blood, or transmission through a blood containing body part. The instrument and method is accurate and can readily be utilized for at-home testing by diabetics.
We claim: 1. A near-infrared quantitative analysis instrument for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose in blood present in a body part of a subject, comprising:(a) means for introducing near-infrared energy into blood present in a body part of a subject; (b) a near-infrared detector for detecting near-infrared energy within the range of about 600 to 1110 nanometers emerging from the body part and for providing a signal upon detection of near-infrared energy within said range emerging from the body part; (c) means for positioning both the near-infrared introducing means and the near-infrared detector closely adjacent to the body part so that near-infrared energy detected by the detector corresponds to blood glucose level in said body part; and (d) means for processing the signal produced by the detector into a second signal indicative of the quantity of glucose present in the blood of the subject. 2. An analysis instrument of claim 1 further including means for preventing near-infrared energy from the introducing means from impinging directly on the detector.
3. An analysis instrument of claim 2 wherein said introducing means includes a near-infrared energy source and transmitting means for transmitting said energy into the body part.
4. An analysis instrument of claim 3 wherein said source comprises at least one infrared emitting diode.
5. An analysis instrument of claim 3 wherein said transmitting means comprises a lens for focusing said energy onto the body part.
6. An analysis instrument of claim 2 wherein said processing means comprises amplifier means for amplifying the signal provided by said detector, and data processing means for converting the signal from the detector into said second signal.
7. An analysis instrument of claim 1 wherein said introducing means includes a near infrared source and a filter for selectively transmitting near-infrared energy which filter is disposed between said source and said body part.
8. An analysis instrument of claim 7 for blood glucose measurement wherein said filter selectively transmits near-infrared energy of between about 600 and about 1100 nanometers.
9. An analysis instrument of claim 1 wherein said introducing means provides a bandwidth centered on about 980 nanometers.
10. An analysis instrument of claim 1 wherein said positioning means includes means for marking a position for said instrument over a blood vessel of a subject.
11. An analysis instrument of claim 1 wherein said positioning means comprises means for positioning said introducing means closely adjacent to one side of the body part and for positioning said detector closely adjacent to a generally opposite side of the body part so that near-IR energy emitted by the introducing means is transmitted through said body part and detected by said detector.
12. An analysis instrument of claim 11 wherein the positioning means positions the introducing means and the detector on opposite sides of a finger.
13. An analysis instrument of claim 12 further including means for measuring the thickness of the body part and for providing a signal indicative of the thickness of the body part.
14. An analysis instrument of claim 13 wherein said means for providing a signal comprises a variable resistor.
15. An analysis instrument of claim 11 wherein said introducing means comprises at least one infrared emitting diode.
16. An analysis instrument of claim 11 wherein said introducing means provides a bandwidth centered on about 980 nanometers.
17. An analysis instrument of claim 11 wherein said introducing means includes a near infrared source and a filter for selectively transmitting near-infrared energy which filter is disposed between said source and said body part.
18. An analysis instrument of claim 17 for blood glucose measurement wherein said filter selectively transmits near-infrared energy of between about 600 and about 1100 nanometers.
19. The analysis instrument of claim 11 further including at least one filter for selectively transmitting near-infrared energy, which filter is disposed between the detector and said body part.
20. An analysis instrument of claim 19 for blood glucose measurement wherein said filter selectively transmits near-infrared energy of between about 600 and about 1100 nanometers.
21. The method of claim 21 wherein near infrared energy centered on about 980 nanometers is introduced into the blood within said body part.
22. The analysis instrument of claim 1 wherein said introducing means provides at least one wavelength pair centered on about 980 nanometers.
23. The analysis instrument of claim 1 wherein the signal processing means processes the signal according to the formula C=K.sub.0 +K.sub.1 [log 1/I.sub.G -log 1/I.sub.H ] wherein C is a concentration of glucose present in the blood, K.sub.0 is an intercept constant, K.sub.1 is line slope of [log 1/I.sub.G -log 1/I.sub.H ] and log 1/I.sub.G and log 1/I.sub.H each represent an optical density value a corresponding wavelengths G and H. 24. The analysis instrument of claim 1 wherein the signal processing means processes the signal according to the formula C=K.sub.0 +K.sub.1 [log 1/I.sub.A -2*log 1/I.sub.B +log 1/I.sub.C ] wherein C is a concentration of glucose present in the blood, K.sub.0 is an intercept constant, K.sub.1 is line slope of [log 1/I.sub.A -2*log 1/I.sub.B +log 1/I.sub.C ] and log 1/I.sub.A, log 1/I.sub.B, and log 1/I.sub.C each represent an optical density value at corresponding wavelengths A, B and C. 25. The analysis instrument of claim 1 wherein the signal processing means processes the signal according to the formula ##EQU2## wherein C is a concentration of glucose present in the blood, K.sub.0 is an intercept constant, K.sub.1 is line slope of ##EQU3## and log 1/I.sub.G, log 1/I.sub.H, log 1/I.sub.I and log 1/I.sub.J each represent an optical density value at corresponding wavelengths G, H, I and J.
26. The analysis instrument of claim 1 wherein the signal processing means processes the signal according to the formula ##EQU4## wherein C is concentration of glucose present in the blood, K.sub.0 is an intercept constant, K.sub.1 is line slope of ##EQU5## and log 1/I.sub.A, log 1/I.sub.B, log 1/I.sub.C, log 1/I.sub.D, log 1/I.sub.E, and log 1/I.sub.F each represent an optical density value at corresponding wavelengths A, B, C, D, E and F.
27. A non-invasive method for quantitatively analyzing blood glucose in blood of a subject, comprising:(a) introducing at least one pair of wavelengths of near-infrared energy into blood within a body part of the subject, said pair being centered on a wavelength within the range of about 600 to 1100 nanometers; (b) detecting near-infrared energy emerging from the subject with a detector which provides a signal upon detecting energy emerging from the subject, and (c) processing the signal to provide a second signal indicative of the amount of glucose present in the blood of the subject. 28. The method of claim 27 wherein at least one pair of wavelengths of near infra-red energy centered on about 980 nanometers is introduced into the blood within said body part.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein the signal is processed according to the formula C=K.sub.0 +K.sub.1 [log 1/I.sub.g -log 1/I.sub.H ] wherein C is a concentration of glucose present in the blood, K.sub.0 is an intercept constant, K.sub.1 is line slope of [log 1/I.sub.G -log 1/I.sub.H ] and log 1/I.sub.G and log 1/I.sub.H each represent an optical density value at corresponding wavelengths G and H. 30. The method of claim 27 wherein the signal processing means processes the signal according to the formula C=K.sub.0 +K.sub.1 [log 1/I.sub.A -2*log 1/I.sub.B +log 1/I.sub.C ] wherein C is concentration of glucose present in the blood, K.sub.0 is an intercept constant, K.sub.1 is line slope of [log 1/I.sub.A -2*log 1/I.sub.B +log 1/I.sub.C ] and log 1/I.sub.A, log 1/I.sub.B, and log 1/I.sub.C each represent an optical density value at corresponding wavelengths A, B and C. 31. The method of claim 27 wherein the signal processing means processes the signal according to the formula ##EQU6## wherein C is concentration of glucose present in the blood, K.sub.0 is an intercept constant, K.sub.1 is line slope of ##EQU7## and log 1/I.sub.G, log 1/I.sub.H, log 1/I.sub.I and log 1/I.sub.J each represent an optical density value at corresponding wavelengths G, H, I and J.
32. The method of claim 27 wherein the signal processing means processes the signal according to the formula ##EQU8## wherein C is concentration of glucose present in the blood, K.sub.0 is an intercept constant, K.sub.1 is line slope of ##EQU9## and log 1/I.sub.A, log 1/I.sub.B, log 1/I.sub.C, log 1/I.sub.D, log 1/I.sub.E, and log 1/I.sub.F each represent an optical density value at corresponding wavelengths A, B, C, D, E and F.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to instruments and methods for the non-invasive quantitative measurement of blood glucose.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Information concerning the chemical composition of blood is widely used to assess the health characteristics of both people and animals. For example, analysis of the glucose content of blood provides an indication of the current status of metabolism. Blood analysis, by the detection of above or below normal levels of various substances, also provides a direct indication of the presence of certain types of diseases and dysfunctions.
Recently, an alternative type of technology (i.e. self-contained instruments) has been introduced for relatively rapid blood screening of a large number of subjects. These instruments, in general, use a much smaller blood sample (approximately 0.25 ml) from a "finger poke." This small blood sample is placed on a chemically-treated carrier and entered into the instrument. These instruments normally provide either an individual analysis (e.g. glucose level) or multiple analyses in a few moments. These types of instruments unfortunately are quite costly, e.g., in the range of several thousand dollars.
Near-infrared (sometimes referred to herein as simply "near-IR") quantitative analysis is widely used in the field of agriculture for determining chemical compositions within grain, oilseeds, and other agricultural products. As an example, near-IR energy reflected from the surface of finely ground seeds and grain provides information concerning protein and moisture content For a general introduction to near infrared quantitative analysis, see "An Introduction to Near-Infrared Quantitative Analysis" presented by Robert D. Rosenthal at the 1977 Annual Meeting of American Association of Cereal Chemists Near-infrared technology has been extended to allow totally non-destructive measurements by using light transmission through a sample as discussed in "Characteristics of Non-Destructive Near-Infrared Instruments for Grain and Food Products" by Robert D. Rosenthal, presented at the 1986 Meeting at the Japan Food Science Institute. Although this transmission approach avoids the need to finely grind the sample, it is not suited for use where access to two opposite surfaces is not available
Another approach to near-infrared quantitative analysis, using near-infrared interactance, was developed for non-invasively measuring body fat content. This approach is described in "A New Approach for the Estimation of Body Composition: Infrared Interactance", Joan M. Conway et al., The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 40: Dec. 1984, pages 1123-1230. In this non-invasive technique, a small optical probe that allows optical energy to enter the arm is placed on the biceps. The percent body fat of the entire body is determined by measuring the spectrum change of the energy returned from an area adjacent the light entry point.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, a near-infrared quantitative analysis instrument for measuring blood glucose comprises means for introducing near-IR energy into blood present in a body part of a subject, means for detecting near-IR energy emerging from the subject, means for converting a signal corresponding to the detected energy into a readout indicative of the quantity of glucose present in the blood of the subject, and means for positioning the introducing means and detecting means adjacent to the body part of the subject.
The present invention also provides methods for the near-infrared quantitative analysis of blood glucose, these methods including the steps of introducing near-IR energy into the blood within a body part of a subject, detecting near-IR energy emerging from the subject, the detector providing a signal upon detecting said emerged energy, and processing the signal to provide a second signal indicative of the amount of glucose present in the blood. Some of these inventive methods utilize the principal of near-IR transmission while others utilize the principal of near-IR interactance.
Another aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus for measuring blood glucose via near-IR transmission through a blood-containing body part, the apparatus including means for introducing near-IR energy into one side of a body part, means for detecting near-IR energy emerging from an opposite side of the body part and means for positioning the near-IR introducing and detecting means on opposite sides of the body part.
FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrates two known configurations for interposing filters in a light path.
According to another embodiment of the invention utilizing near-IR transmission analysis techniques, near-IR light energy at bandwidths centering on one or more wavelengths of interest is transmitted through a blood-containing portion of the body of a test subject. The near-IR energy emerges from the test subject, generally opposite the near-IR source, and is detected by a detector. Following amplification of the detector-generated signal, the amplified output is processed into an output signal indicating the amount of glucose in the subject's blood.
In one embodiment utilizing near-IR interactance, the entire analytical instrument, including near-infrared source, transmitter, detector, amplifier, data processing circuitry and readout is contained within a lightweight hand-held unit. See FIG. 1. Infrared emitting diodes (IREDs) disposed in one chamber of the unit are focused to transmit near-IR energy of preselected wavelength(s) to, e.g., a prominent vein of the wrist. The near-IR energy interacts with the constituents of the venous blood and is re-emitted from the vein. A detector housed within a second chamber of the unit is disposed along the vein a distance (l) from the emitter and collects this energy. The detected signal is amplified and data processed into a signal indicative of the amount of glucose in the blood. This signal is then fed to a readout device (preferably a digital readout) for recordation by a technician or direct analysis by a physician or the subject himself.
Other near-IR apparatus, such as the optical probe and associated instrumentation described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,633,087 (Rosenthal), can be adapted to practice the present methods in which near-IR interactance is used to quantitatively measure blood glucose levels.
In lieu of laborious characterization and sorting of each IRED, narrow bandpass optical filters (as shown schematically in FIG. 1) can be provided between the infrared emitting diodes and the lens 12. According to this embodiment, a filter 23 is positioned between each IRED and lens 12 for filtering near infrared radiation exiting each IRED and thereby allowing a narrow band of near-infrared radiation of predetermined wavelength to pass through the filter and lens 12. Utilization of narrow bandpass optical filters provides for specific wavelength selection independent of the center wavelengths of the particular infrared emitting diodes being used. Measurements can be taken inside the half power bandwidth of the IREDs, or alternatively, outside the half power bandwidth of the IREDs as disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,327. FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate two other known configurations for interposing filters 23, and 23" respectively in a light path. The light source in FIGS. 5A and 5B can be either a light bulb 17 or 17' respectively, or one or more IREDs.
An optical detector, illustrated schematically FIG. 1 and designated by reference numeral 28, is disposed within a lower end portion 42 of a second chamber 40 in case 20. Inner wall 22 is positioned between detector 28 and lens 12, thereby providing an optically-isolating mask which prevents near infrared radiation from the point source means and/or lens 12 from impinging directly on detector 28. A near-infrared optical detector 28 generates an electrical signal when near-infrared radiation is detected thereby.
The embodiment of FIG. 1 includes an optical filter 29 for shielding all but the desired near-IR energy from detector 28. Filter 29 and window 14 are positioned for direct contact with the skin of the test subject. An optically clear window can be employed in lieu of filter 29, if desired.
Accurate analysis is facilitated when the user locates the transmitter and detector filter (or window) directly over a prominent vein of the wrist. The location device illustrated in FIG. 3 simplifies this procedure. The device 50 is constructed of, e.g., a plastic material and has an overall length L equal to the length L of the analysis instrument 10 of FIG. 1. Two holes 51 are present in the device and are located in the same relation as 14 and 29 in FIG. 1, on midline 52, a distance l apart corresponding to the distance l of FIG. 1. The holes 51 permit observation of the prominent vein. When the device is placed on the wrist and the vein is centered in each hole 51, the wrist is marked (e.g. with a felt-tipped pen) at notches 53. The location device is then removed and replaced by the analysis instrument 10 with assurance that the instrument is properly located over the vein.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, a near-IR probe 100 is adapted to be placed over the finger F of a test subject and in this particular embodiment includes a point source means of near-IR light energy comprised of two IREDs 116 disposed within an upper flange 110. Each IRED is paired with a narrow bandpass optical filter 123 and is optically isolated via opaque light baffle 119. The inwardly-facing surface of flange 110 is provided with an optional optically clear window 114 for placement against the subject's finger.
Upper flange 110 is hinged about shaft 111 to lower flange 120, and a spring 112 serves to maintain the flanges in a closed position. An optical detector 128 is disposed in lower flange 120 opposite the near-IR source 116. The detector is disposed behind an optional window 129 which can be constructed of a material which is either optically clear or which excludes visible light yet permits near-IR light to pass. A finger stop 103 helps place and maintain the subject's finger in its proper position within the probe 100. Each of the flanges is provided with light-shielding barriers 113 (shown in phantom in FIG. 2A) to block ambient light from entering the probe.
In this embodiment the IREDs are pulsed, i.e. energized in sequence, so that the detector 128 receives light transmitted from only one of the IREDs at any one time. This pulsed IRED technology is described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,327 which is incorporated by reference herein. In other similar embodiments a group of IREDs (and optional narrow bandpass filters) with identical wavelength output can be pulsed.
Probe 100 is in electrical connection with a processor unit which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2A. The processor unit houses a power source, signal amplifying, data processing and display circuitry as described in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1 and standard in near-IR analysis instrumentation.
An alternate embodiment is seen in FIG. 2B. Here, probe 110 includes one or more constant output IREDs 116 installed behind an optional window 129. Light transmitted through the finger is gathered by optical funnel 112A, which is constructed of a transparent or translucent material, and detected by multiple detectors 128. The detectors are optically isolated from one another by opaque light baffle 119. Each detector is paired with a narrow bandpass optical filter 123 and thus is set up to detect only light within the narrow wavelength range of its filter.
Accurate measurements of the concentration of blood glucose ca be made using near-IR quantitative analysis algorithms which have only a single variable term, such as the following: ##EQU1## where C denotes concentration of glucose present in the blood, K.sub.0 is the intercept constant, K.sub.1 is the line slope of the variable term, and the log 1/I terms each represent an Optical Density (O.D.) value at a particular wavelength. In FIG. 6, an example of an overall absorbance curve for a test subject is shown, wherein log 1/I (O.D.) values for the above algorithms are plotted. In FIG. 6, optical energy is absorbed at wavelength B proportional to the constituent being measured, and optical energy is absorbed at wavelength E proportional to the total substance being measured. Points 150 and 152 are first derivative midpoints. The distance between, for example, wavelength G and wavelength H is referred to herein as the "gap" between two wavelengths. It has been found that a plurality of wavelength pairs, all centered on the same wavelength (approximately 980 nm), can be used in the above algorithms. These algorithms are easily programmed into suitable microprocessor circuitry by those skilled in the art. The use of these single variable term equations is highly desirable because it allows simplified instrument calibration, thereby allowing the production of low cost instruments.
The intercept constant K.sub.0 and the slope constant K.sub.1 are initially determined for a "master unit" (which employs components similar or identical to those of the production units) by simple linear regression analyses of known samples, i.e., optical readings are obtained from the instrument being constructed for a representative number of samples which have been previously accurately analyzed via another, well-established technique, and the optical readings and previously measured percentages are utilized to calculate sets of calibration constants for blood glucose content using a conventional regression algorithm in a digital computer. The respective K.sub.1 slope and K.sub.0 intercept values are then programmed into each production unit of the analyzing instrument so that each production unit can directly compute values for blood glucose from optical data readings.
Another class of usable near-IR standard algorithms involves the use of multiple regression terms. Such terms can be individual log 1/I terms or can be a multiple number of first or second derivative terms with or without a normalizing denominator. Such multiple terms may provide additional accuracy, but introduce much higher calibration expense which results in a more expensive instrument.
EXAMPLE I FIG. 7 presents correlation coefficient versus wavelength data from a search study utilizing an approximated first derivative algorithm as defined above, and illustrates that the use of the wavelength pair of 980.+-. (plus and minus) 35 nm provides a high correlation between blood glucose and absorption of near-IR energy at those two wavelengths. FIG. 7 utilizes the above approximated first derivative algorithm, wherein G and H are as shown in FIG. 6, and equal to 945 nm and 1015 nm respectively. Thus, in this example, the "gap" is 70 nm (1015 nm-945 nm). The number of samples tested was 30 in this case. The value for K.sub.0 in the approximated first derivative algorithm is 196.9 and for K.sub.1 is 4,802.6. In this case, the standard deviation was 13.54, with a correlation of +0.948. Reference numeral 154 of FIG. 7 indicates a range of candidates for wavelength H with a "gap" equal to 70 nm and a "smoothing" factor of 41. "Smoothing" is the modification of data derived from a scanning spectrophotometer in order to simulate the results which would be obtained at the half power bandwidth of optical filters. "Smoothing" involves taking data at an equal number of wavelengths above and below the bandwidth of interest and averaging the results. Thus, with a "smoothing" value of 41, data is taken at 20 wavelengths above and 20 wavelengths below the bandwidth of interest, in addition to the bandwidth of interest. An example of one embodiment of the invention uses IREDs which provide near-IR energy at two frequencies which are, respectively, equidistant above and below approximately 980 nm, i.e., they can be represented by the formula 980.+-.x nm. The value of x is not critical so long as the two frequencies are centered on approximately 980 nm. A suitable value for x can be, for example, a number from 10 to 40.
EXAMPLE II FIG. 8 shows that a suitable wavelength for a numerator in the above normalized first derivative algorithm is approximately 1013 nm (i.e., 980 nm+35 nm) wherein K.sub.0 =296.8, K.sub.1 =-175.6, "gap" G-H: 70 nm, wavelength J: 915 nm, "gap" I-J:20 nm, standard deviation=12.21 and correlation=-0.958 (30 samples).
EXAMPLE III FIG. 9 shows that there are many wavelength regions that can provide midpoint wavelengths for use in the denominator of the above normalized first derivative algorithm when the numerator utilizes 980.+-.35 nm wavelengths, wherein K.sub.0, K.sub.1, "gap" G-H, gap I-J, standard deviation, correlation and sample size are the same as in Example II and FIG. 8, and wherein wavelength H is 1013 nm. Examples of such wavelength regions are seen to be from 610 to 660 nm, from 910 to 980 nm and from 990 to 1080 nm.
EXAMPLE IV AND V FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate suitable center wavelengths for use in the normalized second derivative algorithm described above. FIG. 10 is a plot of correlation coefficient versus wavelength which shows that a suitable numerator center frequency is approximately 1020 nm, wherein in the above normalized second derivative algorithm, K.sub.0 =205.856, K.sub.1 =356.457, "gap" A-B-C: 53 nm, wavelength E: 850 nm, "gap" D-E-F: 68 nm and standard deviation=20.44 (47 samples). FIG. 11 shows that a denominator center frequency of about 850 nm is suitable, wherein K.sub.0, K.sub.1, "gap" A-B-C, "gap" D-E-F, standard deviation, and sample size are as in FIG. 10, and wherein wavelength B is 1020 nm.
The accuracy of the preferred near-IR transmission embodiments shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B can be further improved by altering the algorithm to include finger thickness as a parameter. According to Lambert's law, energy absorption is approximately proportional to the square of the thickness of the object. The thickness of the test subject's finger can be quantified by installing a potentiometer 140 between the flanges of the probe 100 as seen in FIGS. 2A and 2B. The output of the potentiometer, which is in electrical connection with the data processing circuitry, is indicative of finger thickness. A non-linear potentiometer can approximate the T.sup.2 value via its output alone, so that a separate squaring calculation step is not required.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3154625 *Jan 3, 1961Oct 27, 1964James H KailPhotometric method for grading beefUS3344702 *Oct 23, 1965Oct 3, 1967Gilford Instr Labor IncMultiple sample absorption recording apparatus having a selectively variable cuvetteposition cycle and means to deenergize the recorder between measurement periodsUS3396280 *Aug 24, 1965Aug 6, 1968Slagteriernes ForskningsinstMethod for determining the fat content of trimmings or similar pieced meatsUS3463142 *Jul 5, 1966Aug 26, 1969Trw IncBlood content monitorUS3638648 *Feb 19, 1970Feb 1, 1972Mine Safety Appliances CoBreathing bagsUS3734631 *May 28, 1971May 22, 1973Hewlett Packard CoNondispersive infrared gas analyzer employing solid state emitters and photodetectorsUS3776642 *Aug 1, 1972Dec 4, 1973Dickey John CorpGrain analysis computerUS3861788 *Dec 3, 1973Jan 21, 1975Neotec CorpOptical analyzer for agricultural productsUS3877818 *Jan 28, 1974Apr 15, 1975Us AgriculturePhoto-optical method for determining fat content in meatUS3910701 *Jul 30, 1973Oct 7, 1975Grafton David AMethod and apparatus for measuring light reflectance absorption and or transmissionUS3958560 *Nov 25, 1974May 25, 1976Wayne Front MarchNon-invasive automatic glucose sensor systemUS4029420 *Dec 27, 1974Jun 14, 1977Romilly John SimmsLight reflectance instrumentUS4037970 *Jan 30, 1976Jul 26, 1977Neotec CorporationOptical analyzer for agricultural productsUS4095105 *Feb 3, 1977Jun 13, 1978Neotec CorporationStandardizing test sampleUS4171909 *Mar 25, 1977Oct 23, 1979Miles Laboratories, Inc.Apparatus for measuring light intensitiesUS4193116 *Mar 29, 1978Mar 11, 1980Dickey-John CorporationAnalysis instrumentUS4207466 *Feb 27, 1978Jun 10, 1980Drage David JInfrared proximity detecting apparatusUS4226540 *Jun 26, 1978Oct 7, 1980Pfister GmbhMethod for the contactless determination of features of meat qualityUS4247773 *Jul 25, 1979Jan 27, 1981A/S N. Foss ElectricMethod for quantitatively determining fat in a fat-containing sampleUS4281248 *Apr 30, 1980Jul 28, 1981Hartmann & Braun AktiengesellschaftNondispersive infrared gas analyzerUS4286327 *Sep 10, 1979Aug 25, 1981Trebor Industries, Inc.Apparatus for near infrared quantitative analysisUS4310763 *Oct 15, 1979Jan 12, 1982John ShieldsElectro-optical analyzer for measuring percentage by weight of fat, protein and lactose in milkUS4341473 *Sep 22, 1980Jul 27, 1982Gretag AktiengesellschaftMeasuring head in or for a densitometerUS4379233 *May 27, 1981Apr 5, 1983Trebor Industries, Inc.Optical arrangement for quantitative analysis instrument utilizing pulsed radiation emitting diodesUS4380240 *Aug 3, 1981Apr 19, 1983Duke University, Inc.Apparatus for monitoring metabolism in body organsUS4404642 *May 15, 1981Sep 13, 1983Trebor Industries, Inc.Apparatus for near infrared quantitative analysis with temperature variation correctionUS4436207 *May 8, 1981Mar 13, 1984Klukis Edward LAutomatic corn sorting and inspection systemUS4439037 *Dec 6, 1979Mar 27, 1984Medicoteknisk Institut, SvejsecentralenProcess for optically determining the meat-to-lard-ratio in for instance slaughtered animalsUS4442844 *Aug 28, 1981Apr 17, 1984Navach Joseph HMethod and apparatus for making physiological measurementsUS4447725 *Jun 15, 1981May 8, 1984Biggs Delmar AQuantitative measurement of fat, protein and lactose in dairy productsUS4466076 *Mar 8, 1982Aug 14, 1984Trebor Industries, Inc.Apparatus for near infrared quantitative analysis with temperature variation correctionUS4480706 *Sep 30, 1982Nov 6, 1984Trebor Industries, Inc.Automatically determining the test weight per bushel of grainUS4484819 *Jun 16, 1982Nov 27, 1984The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The NavyReflectometerUS4487278 *Aug 24, 1983Dec 11, 1984Trebor Industries, Inc.Instrument for providing automatic measurement of test weightUS4510938 *Jan 24, 1983Apr 16, 1985Duke University, Inc.Body-mounted light source-detector apparatusUS4515165 *Sep 15, 1981May 7, 1985Energy Conversion Devices, Inc.Apparatus and method for detecting tumorsUS4570638 *Oct 14, 1983Feb 18, 1986Somanetics CorporationMethod and apparatus for spectral transmissibility examination and analysisUS4608990 *Sep 12, 1983Sep 2, 1986Elings Virgil BMeasuring skin perfusionUS4621643 *Feb 5, 1986Nov 11, 1986Nellcor IncorporatedCalibrated optical oximeter probeUS4627008 *Apr 25, 1984Dec 2, 1986Trebor Industries, Inc.Optical quantitative analysis using curvilinear interpolationUS4633087 *Apr 24, 1985Dec 30, 1986Trebor Industries, Inc.Near infrared apparatus for measurement of organic constituents of materialUS4692620 *May 31, 1985Sep 8, 1987Trebor Industries, Inc.Near infrared measuring instrument with sample holderUS4734584 *Sep 16, 1986Mar 29, 1988Trebor Industries, Inc.Quantitative near-infrared measurement instrument for multiple measurements in both reflectance and transmission modesUS4761552 *Sep 16, 1986Aug 2, 1988Trebor Industries, Inc.Standard for near-infrared reflectance measurement and method of making the sameUS4768516 *Feb 18, 1986Sep 6, 1988Somanetics CorporationMethod and apparatus for in vivo evaluation of tissue compositionUS4798955 *Sep 23, 1987Jan 17, 1989Futrex, Inc.Measurement locator and light shield for use in interactance testing of body composition and method for use thereofUS4801804 *Sep 30, 1986Jan 31, 1989Trebor Industries, Inc.Method and apparatus for near infrared reflectance measurement of non-homogeneous materialsUS4863530 *Dec 1, 1988Sep 5, 1989The Foundation: The Research Institute Of Electric And Magnetic AlloysFc-Pt-Nb permanent magnet with an ultra-high coercive force and a large maximum energy product, and method for producing the sameUS4882492 *Jan 19, 1988Nov 21, 1989Biotronics Associates, Inc.Non-invasive near infrared measurement of blood analyte concentrations *DE1498616A Title not availableDE3541165A1 *Nov 21, 1985May 27, 1987Hellige GmbhVorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen bestimmung von konzentrationsaenderungen in stoffgemischenEP0160768B1 *May 4, 1984May 3, 1989Kurabo Industries Ltd.Spectrophotometric apparatus for the non-invasive determination of glucose in body tissuesGB823832A * Title not availableSU401892A1 * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *Conway et al., The Americal Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 40 1123 1130, 1984.2Conway et al., The Americal Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 40 1123-1130, 1984.3Conway, J. M. et al., "In Vivo Body Composition Studies". Proc. Inst. Sci. Med., Eds Ellis, K. J. et al., Ch. 25, pp. 163-170.4 *Conway, J. M. et al., In Vivo Body Composition Studies . Proc. Inst. Sci. Med., Eds Ellis, K. J. et al., Ch. 25, pp. 163 170.5 *Dickey John Corporation Brochure. The Application Matched Family of NIR Analyzers .6Dickey-John Corporation Brochure. "The Application-Matched Family of NIR Analyzers".7Massie, D. R., "Pat Measurement of Ground Beef with a Gallium Arsenide Infrared Emitter", ASAE Publication 1-76 (1976).8 *Massie, D. R., Pat Measurement of Ground Beef with a Gallium Arsenide Infrared Emitter , ASAE Publication 1 76 (1976).9Mindel, B. D. "Infratec New Generation of Grain Analyzers". Agritrade pp. 30-32 (Jun. 1987).10 *Mindel, B. D. Infratec New Generation of Grain Analyzers . Agritrade pp. 30 32 (Jun. 1987).11 *Nellcor Corp. Pulse Oximetry, Note Nos. 1, 4, and 5.12Pacific Scientific Brochure. "Model 101 Cereal Grain Analyzer", Feb. 1982.13 *Pacific Scientific Brochure. Model 101 Cereal Grain Analyzer , Feb. 1982.14Rosenthal, R. D., "Characteristics of Non-Destructive Near-Infrared Instruments for Grain and Food Products". Presented at the 1985 meeting of Japan Food Science.15Rosenthal, R. D., "The Trebor-70 and the Trebor-7700. A New Generation in Near-IR Quantitative Measurement Systems". Presented at the 1985 meeting of Nellcor Corp. Brochures. "Ne-lcor Redefines Pulse Oximetry,, The Nellcor N-1000 Multi-Function Monitor", and The Nellcor Sensor Advantage.16 *Rosenthal, R. D., Characteristics of Non Destructive Near Infrared Instruments for Grain and Food Products . Presented at the 1985 meeting of Japan Food Science.17 *Rosenthal, R. D., The Trebor 70 and the Trebor 7700. A New Generation in Near IR Quantitative Measurement Systems . Presented at the 1985 meeting of Nellcor Corp. Brochures. Ne lcor Redefines Pulse Oximetry,, The Nellcor N 1000 Multi Function Monitor , and The Nellcor Sensor Advantage.18Rosenthal, Robert D., "An Introduction to Near-Infrared Quantitative Analysis", 1977 Annual meeting of Americal Association of Cereal Chemists.19 *Rosenthal, Robert D., An Introduction to Near Infrared Quantitative Analysis , 1977 Annual meeting of Americal Association of Cereal Chemists.20Smoker, J. M. et al., "A Protocol to Assess Oxygen Therapy", Respiratory Care, vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 35-39 (1986).21 *Smoker, J. M. et al., A Protocol to Assess Oxygen Therapy , Respiratory Care, vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 35 39 (1986).22Technician Instr. Corp. Brochure. "The Analytical Laboratory of the Future . . . Today".23 *Technician Instr. Corp. Brochure. The Analytical Laboratory of the Future . . . Today .24 *The Final Report of the Plausibility Study Performed by Trebor Industries for the California Growers Exchange.25Yelderman, M. et. al., "Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry", Anesthesiology, vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 349-352 (1983).26 *Yelderman, M. et. al., Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry , Anesthesiology, vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 349 352 (1983).* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5099123 *May 23, 1990Mar 24, 1992Biosensors Technology, Inc.Method for determining by absorption of radiations the concentration of substances in absorbing and turbid matricesUS5112124 *Apr 19, 1990May 12, 1992Worcester Polytechnic InstituteMethod and apparatus for measuring the concentration of absorbing substancesUS5137023 *Apr 19, 1990Aug 11, 1992Worcester Polytechnic InstituteMethod and apparatus for monitoring blood analytes noninvasively by pulsatile photoplethysmographyUS5178142 *Jul 3, 1991Jan 12, 1993Vivascan CorporationElectromagnetic method and apparatus to measure constituents of human or animal tissueUS5183042 *Jul 3, 1991Feb 2, 1993Vivascan CorporationElectromagnetic method and apparatus to measure constituents of human or animal tissueUS5218207 *Nov 22, 1991Jun 8, 1993Futrex, Inc.Using led harmonic wavelengths for near-infrared quantitativeUS5267152 *Oct 26, 1990Nov 30, 1993Yang Won SNon-invasive method and apparatus for measuring blood glucose concentrationUS5277181 *Dec 12, 1991Jan 11, 1994Vivascan CorporationNoninvasive measurement of hematocrit and hemoglobin content by differential optical analysisUS5313941 *Jan 28, 1993May 24, 1994Braig James RNoninvasive pulsed infrared spectrophotometerUS5321265 *Jul 15, 1992Jun 14, 1994Block Myron JNon-invasive testingUS5342789 *Dec 14, 1989Aug 30, 1994Sensor Technologies, Inc.Method and device for detecting and quantifying glucose in body fluidsUS5348002 *Apr 23, 1992Sep 20, 1994Sirraya, Inc.Method and apparatus for material analysisUS5348003 *Sep 3, 1992Sep 20, 1994Sirraya, Inc.Method and apparatus for chemical analysisUS5370114 *Mar 12, 1992Dec 6, 1994Wong; Jacob Y.Non-invasive blood chemistry measurement by stimulated infrared relaxation emissionUS5372135 *Mar 21, 1994Dec 13, 1994Vivascan CorporationBlood constituent determination based on differential spectral analysisUS5379764 *Dec 9, 1992Jan 10, 1995Diasense, Inc.Non-invasive determination of analyte concentration in body of mammalsUS5398681 *Jan 22, 1993Mar 21, 1995Sunshine Medical Instruments, Inc.Pocket-type instrument for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose concentrationUS5424545 *Jan 14, 1994Jun 13, 1995Myron J. BlockNon-invasive non-spectrophotometric infrared measurement of blood analyte concentrationsUS5433197 *Sep 4, 1992Jul 18, 1995Stark; Edward W.Non-invasive glucose measurement method and apparatusUS5434412 *Oct 1, 1993Jul 18, 1995Myron J. BlockNon-spectrophotometric measurement of analyte concentrations and optical properties of objectsUS5448992 *Jun 1, 1993Sep 12, 1995Sunshine Medical Instruments, Inc.Method and apparatus for non-invasive phase sensitive measurement of blood glucose concentrationUS5459317 *Feb 14, 1994Oct 17, 1995Ohio UniversityMethod and apparatus for non-invasive detection of physiological chemicals, particularly glucoseUS5515847 *May 23, 1994May 14, 1996Optiscan, Inc.Self-emission noninvasive infrared spectrophotometerUS5551422 *Jul 6, 1994Sep 3, 1996Boehringer Mannheim GmbhMethod and apparatus for analytical determination of glucose in a biological matrixUS5615672 *Dec 9, 1994Apr 1, 1997Optiscan, Inc.Self-emission noninvasive infrared spectrophotometer with body temperature compensationUS5625449 *Jul 31, 1995Apr 29, 1997Lucent Technologies Inc.Apparatus for simultaneously measuring the thickness of, and the optical intensity transmitted through, a sample bodyUS5655530 *Aug 9, 1995Aug 12, 1997Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Method for non-invasive blood analyte measurement with improved optical interfaceUS5666956 *May 20, 1996Sep 16, 1997Buchert; Janusz MichalInstrument and method for non-invasive monitoring of human tissue analyte by measuring the body's infrared radiationUS5671301 *Mar 20, 1995Sep 23, 1997Sunshine Medical Instruments, Inc.Optical phase modulator for high resolution phase measurementsUS5672875 *Jun 7, 1995Sep 30, 1997Optix LpMethods of minimizing scattering and improving tissue sampling in non-invasive testing and imagingUS5676143 *Jul 10, 1996Oct 14, 1997Boehringer Mannheim GmbhApparatus for analytical determination of glucose in a biological matrixUS5692504 *Oct 29, 1994Dec 2, 1997Boehringer Mannheim GmbhMethod and apparatus for the analysis of glucose in a biological matrixUS5710630 *Apr 26, 1995Jan 20, 1998Boehringer Mannheim GmbhMethod and apparatus for determining glucose concentration in a biological sampleUS5766125 *Apr 27, 1995Jun 16, 1998Nihon Kohden CorporationApparatus for determining the concentration of light-absorbing materials in bloodUS5774213 *Aug 23, 1995Jun 30, 1998Trebino; Rick P.Techniques for measuring difference of an optical property at two wavelengths by modulating two sources to have opposite-phase components at a common frequencyUS5800349 *Nov 14, 1997Sep 1, 1998Nonin Medical, Inc.Offset pulse oximeter sensorUS5818048 *Nov 3, 1994Oct 6, 1998Optix LpRapid non-invasive optical analysis using broad bandpass spectral processingUS5820557 *Feb 27, 1997Oct 13, 1998Terumo Kabushiki KaishaBlood glucose measurement apparatusUS5823951 *Apr 18, 1997Oct 20, 1998Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Method for non-invasive blood analyte measurement with improved optical interfaceUS5830132 *Feb 3, 1997Nov 3, 1998Robinson; Mark R.Robust accurate non-invasive analyte monitorUS5871442 *May 19, 1997Feb 16, 1999International Diagnostics Technologies, Inc.Photonic molecular probeUS5910109 *Feb 20, 1997Jun 8, 1999Emerging Technology Systems, LlcNon-invasive glucose measuring device and method for measuring blood glucoseUS5934277 *Mar 16, 1995Aug 10, 1999Datex-Ohmeda, Inc.System for pulse oximetry SpO2 determinationUS5961451 *Apr 7, 1997Oct 5, 1999Motorola, Inc.Noninvasive apparatus having a retaining member to retain a removable biosensorUS5974337 *May 21, 1996Oct 26, 1999Kaffka; KarolyMethod and apparatus for rapid non-invasive determination of blood composition parametersUS6002953 *May 6, 1998Dec 14, 1999Optix LpNon-invasive IR transmission measurement of analyte in the tympanic membraneUS6002954 *Nov 21, 1996Dec 14, 1999Minimed Inc.Detection of biological molecules using boronate-based chemical amplification and optical sensorsUS6011984 *Nov 21, 1996Jan 4, 2000Minimed Inc.Detection of biological molecules using chemical amplification and optical sensorsUS6025597 *Oct 23, 1997Feb 15, 2000Optiscan Biomedical CorporationNon-invasive infrared absorption spectrometer for measuring glucose or other constituents in a human or other bodyUS6026314 *Sep 8, 1998Feb 15, 2000Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method and device for noninvasive measurements of concentrations of blood componentsUS6028311 *Aug 21, 1998Feb 22, 2000Optix LpRapid non-invasive optical analysis using broad bandpass spectral processingUS6040194 *Jun 6, 1995Mar 21, 2000Sensor Technologies, Inc.Methods and device for detecting and quantifying substances in body fluidsUS6064065 *Sep 25, 1997May 16, 2000Optix LpMethods of minimizing scattering and improving tissue sampling in non-invasive testing and imagingUS6064898 *Sep 21, 1998May 16, 2000Essential Medical DevicesNon-invasive blood component analyzerUS6066847 *Feb 1, 1994May 23, 2000Futrex Inc.Procedure for verifying the accuracy of non-invasive blood glucose measurement instrumentsUS6072180 *Mar 12, 1997Jun 6, 2000Optiscan Biomedical CorporationNon-invasive infrared absorption spectrometer for the generation and capture of thermal gradient spectra from living tissueUS6081734 *Aug 1, 1997Jun 27, 2000Roche Diagnostics GmbhMonitoring system for the regular intake of a medicamentUS6097975 *May 13, 1998Aug 1, 2000Biosensor, Inc.Apparatus and method for noninvasive glucose measurementUS6110522 *Apr 16, 1998Aug 29, 2000Masimo LaboratoriesBlood glucose monitoring systemUS6115621 *Jul 30, 1997Sep 5, 2000Nellcor Puritan Bennett IncorporatedOximetry sensor with offset emitters and detectorUS6151517 *Jan 22, 1999Nov 21, 2000Futrex Inc.Method and apparatus for noninvasive quantitative measurement of blood analytesUS6152876 *Oct 19, 1998Nov 28, 2000Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Method for non-invasive blood analyte measurement with improved optical interfaceUS6157041 *Oct 8, 1999Dec 5, 2000Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Methods and apparatus for tailoring spectroscopic calibration modelsUS6172743May 6, 1997Jan 9, 2001Chemtrix, Inc.Technique for measuring a blood analyte by non-invasive spectrometry in living tissueUS6212424Oct 29, 1998Apr 3, 2001Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Apparatus and method for determination of the adequacy of dialysis by non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopyUS6236870Feb 12, 1999May 22, 2001International Diagnostic Technologies, Inc.Photonic molecular probeUS6240306Jun 30, 1999May 29, 2001Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Method and apparatus for non-invasive blood analyte measurement with fluid compartment equilibrationUS6266546May 28, 1998Jul 24, 2001In-Line Diagnostics CorporationSystem for noninvasive hematocrit monitoringUS6278889Sep 30, 1999Aug 21, 2001Mark R. RobinsonRobust accurate non-invasive analyte monitorUS6309884 *Feb 26, 1998Oct 30, 2001Diasense, Inc.Individual calibration of blood glucose for supporting noninvasive self-monitoring blood glucoseUS6319540Sep 22, 1999Nov 20, 2001Minimed Inc.Detection of biological molecules using chemical amplification and optical sensorsUS6343223 *Jan 14, 2000Jan 29, 2002Mallinckrodt Inc.Oximeter sensor with offset emitters and detector and heating deviceUS6362144Sep 20, 2000Mar 26, 2002Medoptix, Inc.Cleaning system for infrared ATR glucose measurement system (II)US6385471Aug 10, 1999May 7, 2002Datex-Ohmeda, Inc.System for pulse oximetry SpO2 determinationUS6420709Dec 27, 2000Jul 16, 2002Optix LpMethods of minimizing scattering and improving tissue sampling in non-invasive testing and imagingUS6421548Sep 22, 2000Jul 16, 2002Medoptix, Inc.Infrared ATR glucose measurement system having an ATR with mirrored endsUS6424848Sep 22, 2000Jul 23, 2002Medoptix, Inc.Method for preparing skin surface and determining glucose levels from that surfaceUS6424851Apr 12, 2000Jul 23, 2002Medoptix, Inc.Infrared ATR glucose measurement system (II)US6430424Sep 22, 2000Aug 6, 2002Medoptix, Inc.Infrared ATR glucose measurement system utilizing a single surface of skinUS6441388May 3, 2000Aug 27, 2002Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Methods and apparatus for spectroscopic calibration model transferUS6475800Feb 10, 2000Nov 5, 2002Instrumentation Metrics, Inc.Intra-serum and intra-gel for modeling human skin tissueUS6477392Jul 14, 2000Nov 5, 2002Futrex Inc.Calibration of near infrared quantitative measurement device using optical measurement cross-productsUS6522903Oct 19, 2000Feb 18, 2003Medoptix, Inc.Glucose measurement utilizing non-invasive assessment methodsUS6528809Sep 28, 2000Mar 4, 2003Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Methods and apparatus for tailoring spectroscopic calibration modelsUS6549861Aug 10, 2000Apr 15, 2003Euro-Celtique, S.A.Automated system and method for spectroscopic analysisUS6559655Apr 30, 2001May 6, 2003Zeltex, Inc.System and method for analyzing agricultural products on harvesting equipmentUS6560352Apr 11, 2001May 6, 2003Lumidigm, Inc.Apparatus and method of biometric identification or verification of individuals using optical spectroscopyUS6574490Apr 11, 2001Jun 3, 2003Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.System for non-invasive measurement of glucose in humansUS6582656Mar 28, 2000Jun 24, 2003In-Line Diagnostics CorporationSystem and method for noninvasive hemodynamic measurements in hemodialysis shuntsUS6594510May 18, 2001Jul 15, 2003Xoetronics LlcPhotonic molecular probeUS6615064Feb 28, 2000Sep 2, 2003Essential Medical Devices, Inc.Non-invasive blood component analyzerUS6622032Sep 28, 2000Sep 16, 2003Inlight Solutions, Inc.Method for non-invasive blood analyte measurement with improved optical interfaceUS6628809Oct 8, 1999Sep 30, 2003Lumidigm, Inc.Apparatus and method for identification of individuals by near-infrared spectrumUS6631282 *Oct 2, 2001Oct 7, 2003Optiscan Biomedical CorporationDevice for isolating regions of living tissueUS6636759Mar 28, 2001Oct 21, 2003Inlight Solutions, Inc.Apparatus and method for determination of the adequacy of dialysis by non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopyUS6654125Apr 4, 2002Nov 25, 2003Inlight Solutions, IncMethod and apparatus for optical spectroscopy incorporating a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) as an interferometer referenceUS6673625Mar 30, 2001Jan 6, 2004The Regents Of The University Of CaliforniaSaccharide sensing molecules having enhanced fluorescent propertiesUS6675030Aug 17, 2001Jan 6, 2004Euro-Celtique, S.A.Near infrared blood glucose monitoring systemUS6681128Jun 13, 2001Jan 20, 2004Hema Metrics, Inc.System for noninvasive hematocrit monitoringUS6682938Sep 15, 2000Jan 27, 2004The Regents Of The University Of CaliforniaGlucose sensing molecules having selected fluorescent propertiesUS6687519Jan 22, 2001Feb 3, 2004Hema Metrics, Inc.System and method for measuring blood urea nitrogen, blood osmolarity, plasma free hemoglobin and tissue water contentUS6704588Jun 14, 2002Mar 9, 2004Rafat R. AnsariMethod and apparatus for the non-invasive measurement of blood glucose levels in humansUS6714803Sep 25, 2001Mar 30, 2004Datex-Ohmeda, Inc.Pulse oximetry SpO2 determinationUS6718189May 24, 2001Apr 6, 2004Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Method and apparatus for non-invasive blood analyte measurement with fluid compartment equilibrationUS6725072Dec 29, 2000Apr 20, 2004Hema Metrics, Inc.Sensor for transcutaneous measurement of vascular access blood flowUS6741876Aug 31, 2000May 25, 2004Cme Telemetrix Inc.Method for determination of analytes using NIR, adjacent visible spectrum and discrete NIR wavelenthsUS6746407Dec 29, 2000Jun 8, 2004Hema Metrics, Inc.Method of measuring transcutaneous access blood flowUS6750311Dec 14, 1999Jun 15, 2004Minimed Inc.Detection of biological molecules using boronate-based chemical amplification and optical sensorsUS6766183Dec 28, 2001Jul 20, 2004Medtronic Minimed, Inc.Long wave fluorophore sensor compounds and other fluorescent sensor compounds in polymersUS6771993Aug 15, 2002Aug 3, 2004Optiscan Biomedical CorporationSample adapterUS6774396 *Jan 19, 2000Aug 10, 2004Lg Philips Lcd Co., Ltd.Thin film transistor type optical sensorUS6775564Jun 5, 1997Aug 10, 2004Lifetrac Systems, Inc.Non-invasive glucose measuring device and method for measuring blood glucoseUS6804543Mar 19, 2002Oct 12, 2004Hema Metrics, Inc.Sensor for transcutaneous measurement of vascular access blood flowUS6804544Aug 21, 2001Oct 12, 2004Minimed, Inc.Detection of biological molecules using chemical amplification and optical sensorsUS6816605Apr 3, 2003Nov 9, 2004Lumidigm, Inc.Methods and systems for biometric identification of individuals using linear optical spectroscopyUS6844166Sep 10, 1999Jan 18, 2005Sensor Technologies Inc.Recombinant reduced valency carbohydrate binding ligandsUS6862091Apr 11, 2001Mar 1, 2005Inlight Solutions, Inc.Illumination device and method for spectroscopic analysisUS6865408Mar 3, 2003Mar 8, 2005Inlight Solutions, Inc.System for non-invasive measurement of glucose in humansUS6927246Feb 14, 2002Aug 9, 2005Medtronic Minimed, Inc.Polymers functionalized with fluorescent boronate motifs and methods for making themUS6937882Dec 9, 2003Aug 30, 2005Hema Metrics, Inc.Sensor for transcutaneous measurement of vascular access blood flowUS6953978Jun 16, 2004Oct 11, 2005Lg.Philips Lcd Co., Ltd.Thin film transistor type optical sensorUS6959211Aug 6, 2002Oct 25, 2005Optiscan Biomedical Corp.Device for capturing thermal spectra from tissueUS6983176Apr 11, 2001Jan 3, 2006Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Optically similar reference samples and related methods for multivariate calibration models used in optical spectroscopyUS6987993Dec 9, 2003Jan 17, 2006Hema Metrics, Inc.Sensor for transcutaneous measurement of vascular access blood flowUS6987994Nov 3, 2003Jan 17, 2006Datex-Ohmeda, Inc.Pulse oximetry SpO2 determinationUS7003337Apr 26, 2002Feb 21, 2006Vivascan CorporationNon-invasive substance concentration measurement using and optical bridgeUS7027848Apr 4, 2002Apr 11, 2006Inlight Solutions, Inc.Apparatus and method for non-invasive spectroscopic measurement of analytes in tissue using a matched reference analyteUS7039447Jan 2, 2003May 2, 2006Vivomedical, Inc.Glucose measurement utilizing non-invasive assessment methodsUS7043288Apr 4, 2002May 9, 2006Inlight Solutions, Inc.Apparatus and method for spectroscopic analysis of tissue to detect diabetes in an individualUS7045361Sep 12, 2001May 16, 2006Medtronic Minimed, Inc.Analyte sensing via acridine-based boronate biosensorsUS7050847 *Mar 26, 2003May 23, 2006Stig OllmarNon-invasive in vivo determination of body fluid parameterUS7098037Aug 16, 2002Aug 29, 2006Inlight Solutions, Inc.Accommodating subject and instrument variations in spectroscopic determinationsUS7126682Apr 11, 2001Oct 24, 2006Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc.Encoded variable filter spectrometerUS7147153Apr 5, 2004Dec 12, 2006Lumidigm, Inc.Multispectral biometric sensorUS7166458Dec 12, 2003Jan 23, 2007Bio Tex, Inc.Assay and method for analyte sensing by detecting efficiency of radiation conversionUS7167734 *Apr 13, 2001Jan 23, 2007Abbott LaboratoriesMethod for optical measurements of tissue to determine disease state or concentration of an analyteUS7174198Dec 23, 2003Feb 6, 2007Igor TrofimovNon-invasive detection of analytes in a complex matrixUS7203345Sep 12, 2003Apr 10, 2007Lumidigm, Inc.Apparatus and method for identification of individuals by near-infrared spectrumUS7226414Oct 3, 2003Jun 5, 2007Biotex, Inc.Method and apparatus for analyte sensingUS7233817Oct 8, 2003Jun 19, 2007Brian YenApparatus and method for pattern delivery of radiation and biological characteristic analysisUS7236812Aug 27, 2004Jun 26, 2007Biotex, Inc.System, device and method for determining the concentration of an analyteUS7254429Aug 11, 2004Aug 7, 2007Glucolight CorporationMethod and apparatus for monitoring glucose levels in a biological tissueUS7263213Dec 9, 2004Aug 28, 2007Lumidigm, Inc.Methods and systems for estimation of personal characteristics from biometric measurementsUS7347365Dec 17, 2004Mar 25, 2008Lumidigm, Inc.Combined total-internal-reflectance and tissue imaging systems and methodsUS7352448Aug 23, 2007Apr 1, 2008Hitachi, Ltd.Personal identification systemUS7356365Jul 2, 2004Apr 8, 2008Glucolight CorporationMethod and apparatus for tissue oximetryUS7386152Jul 8, 2005Jun 10, 2008Lumidigm, Inc.Noninvasive alcohol sensorUS7394919Apr 25, 2005Jul 1, 2008Lumidigm, Inc.Multispectral biometric imagingUS7395104Mar 6, 2005Jul 1, 2008Calisto Medical, Inc.Methods and devices for non-invasively measuring quantitative information of substances in living organismsUS7440597Jul 8, 2005Oct 21, 2008Rowe Robert KLiveness sensorUS7445600Mar 1, 2005Nov 4, 2008Futrex, Inc.Multi-function, self-service health kioskUS7460696Apr 25, 2005Dec 2, 2008Lumidigm, Inc.Multispectral imaging biometricsUS7477924May 2, 2006Jan 13, 2009Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7483731Sep 30, 2005Jan 27, 2009Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7486979Sep 30, 2005Feb 3, 2009Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcOptically aligned pulse oximetry sensor and technique for using the sameUS7499740Jan 8, 2007Mar 3, 2009Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcTechniques for detecting heart pulses and reducing power consumption in sensorsUS7508965Nov 28, 2006Mar 24, 2009Lumidigm, Inc.System and method for robust fingerprint acquisitionUS7510849Jan 21, 2005Mar 31, 2009Glucolight CorporationOCT based method for diagnosis and therapyUS7522948May 2, 2006Apr 21, 2009Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7539330Apr 25, 2005May 26, 2009Lumidigm, Inc.Multispectral liveness determinationUS7545963Jul 19, 2006Jun 9, 2009Lumidigm, Inc.Texture-biometrics sensorUS7555327Sep 30, 2005Jun 30, 2009Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcFolding medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7574244Jul 28, 2006Aug 11, 2009Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcCompliant diaphragm medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7574245Sep 27, 2006Aug 11, 2009Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcFlexible medical sensor enclosureUS7590439Aug 8, 2005Sep 15, 2009Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcBi-stable medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7612875Feb 29, 2008Nov 3, 2009Hitachi, Ltd.Personal identification systemUS7613504Sep 30, 2002Nov 3, 2009Lumidigm, Inc.Spectroscopic cross-channel method and apparatus for improved optical measurements of tissueUS7620212Aug 12, 2003Nov 17, 2009Lumidigm, Inc.Electro-optical sensorUS7627151Nov 23, 2005Dec 1, 2009Lumidigm, Inc.Systems and methods for improved biometric feature definitionUS7647084Jul 28, 2006Jan 12, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7650177Aug 1, 2006Jan 19, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor for reducing motion artifacts and technique for using the sameUS7657294Aug 8, 2005Feb 2, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcCompliant diaphragm medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7657295Aug 8, 2005Feb 2, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7657296Jul 28, 2006Feb 2, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcUnitary medical sensor assembly and technique for using the sameUS7658652Jan 28, 2009Feb 9, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcDevice and method for reducing crosstalkUS7668350Sep 1, 2005Feb 23, 2010Lumidigm, Inc.Comparative texture analysis of tissue for biometric spoof detectionUS7671977Oct 26, 2007Mar 2, 2010Hitachi, Ltd.Personal identification systemUS7676253Aug 30, 2006Mar 9, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7680522Sep 29, 2006Mar 16, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMethod and apparatus for detecting misapplied sensorsUS7684842Sep 29, 2006Mar 23, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSystem and method for preventing sensor misuseUS7684843Jul 28, 2006Mar 23, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7689259Mar 10, 2004Mar 30, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcPulse oximeter sensor with piece-wise functionUS7693559Jul 28, 2006Apr 6, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor having a deformable region and technique for using the sameUS7720516Nov 16, 2004May 18, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMotion compatible sensor for non-invasive optical blood analysisUS7725146Sep 29, 2005May 25, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSystem and method for pre-processing waveformsUS7725147Sep 29, 2005May 25, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSystem and method for removing artifacts from waveformsUS7729736Aug 30, 2006Jun 1, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7735729May 17, 2006Jun 15, 2010Lumidigm, Inc.Biometric sensorUS7738937Jul 28, 2006Jun 15, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7751594Jul 19, 2006Jul 6, 2010Lumidigm, Inc.White-light spectral biometric sensorsUS7794266Sep 13, 2007Sep 14, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcDevice and method for reducing crosstalkUS7796403Sep 28, 2006Sep 14, 2010Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMeans for mechanical registration and mechanical-electrical coupling of a faraday shield to a photodetector and an electrical circuitUS7801338Apr 24, 2006Sep 21, 2010Lumidigm, Inc.Multispectral biometric sensorsUS7801339Jul 31, 2006Sep 21, 2010Lumidigm, Inc.Biometrics with spatiospectral spoof detectionUS7804984Jul 31, 2006Sep 28, 2010Lumidigm, Inc.Spatial-spectral fingerprint spoof detectionUS7809418Oct 3, 2008Oct 5, 2010The Curators Of The University Of MissouriOptical device componentsUS7819311May 18, 2006Oct 26, 2010Lumidigm, Inc.Multispectral biometric sensorUS7822452Apr 13, 2006Oct 26, 2010Glt Acquisition Corp.Method for data reduction and calibration of an OCT-based blood glucose monitorUS7831072Oct 3, 2008Nov 9, 2010Lumidigm, Inc.Multispectral imaging biometricsUS7835554Oct 29, 2008Nov 16, 2010Lumidigm, Inc.Multispectral imaging biometricsUS7864306Jan 7, 2010Jan 4, 2011Hitachi, Ltd.Personal identification systemUS7869849Sep 26, 2006Jan 11, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcOpaque, electrically nonconductive region on a medical sensorUS7869850Sep 29, 2005Jan 11, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor for reducing motion artifacts and technique for using the sameUS7880884Jun 30, 2008Feb 1, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSystem and method for coating and shielding electronic sensor componentsUS7881762Sep 30, 2005Feb 1, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcClip-style medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7884933Aug 20, 2010Feb 8, 2011Revolutionary Business Concepts, Inc.Apparatus and method for determining analyte concentrationsUS7887345Jun 30, 2008Feb 15, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSingle use connector for pulse oximetry sensorsUS7890153Sep 28, 2006Feb 15, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSystem and method for mitigating interference in pulse oximetryUS7890154Dec 3, 2008Feb 15, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSelection of ensemble averaging weights for a pulse oximeter based on signal quality metricsUS7890158Jun 5, 2001Feb 15, 2011Lumidigm, Inc.Apparatus and method of biometric determination using specialized optical spectroscopy systemsUS7894869Mar 9, 2007Feb 22, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMultiple configuration medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7899217Jul 19, 2007Mar 1, 2011Lumidign, Inc.Multibiometric multispectral imagerUS7899506Sep 25, 2003Mar 1, 2011Tianjin Sunshine Optics Technolies Co. Ltd.Composite spectral measurement method and its spectral detection instrumentUS7899510Sep 29, 2005Mar 1, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7904130Sep 29, 2005Mar 8, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS7961304Sep 12, 2008Jun 14, 2011The Curators Of The University Of MissouriOptical device componentsUS7961305Oct 22, 2008Jun 14, 2011The Curators Of The University Of MissouriOptical device componentsUS7995808Jun 10, 2008Aug 9, 2011Lumidigm, Inc.Contactless multispectral biometric captureUS8007441May 7, 2009Aug 30, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcPulse oximeter with alternate heart-rate determinationUS8036727Jun 2, 2006Oct 11, 2011Glt Acquisition Corp.Methods for noninvasively measuring analyte levels in a subjectUS8050728Mar 1, 2006Nov 1, 2011Masimo Laboratories, Inc.Multiple wavelength sensor driversUS8060171Aug 1, 2006Nov 15, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor for reducing motion artifacts and technique for using the sameUS8068890Sep 29, 2006Nov 29, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcPulse oximetry sensor switchoverUS8068891Sep 29, 2006Nov 29, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSymmetric LED array for pulse oximetryUS8070508Dec 24, 2008Dec 6, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMethod and apparatus for aligning and securing a cable strain reliefUS8071935Jun 30, 2008Dec 6, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcOptical detector with an overmolded faraday shieldUS8073518May 2, 2006Dec 6, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcClip-style medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8078246Sep 30, 2005Dec 13, 2011Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcPulse oximeter sensor with piece-wise functionUS8092379Sep 29, 2005Jan 10, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMethod and system for determining when to reposition a physiological sensorUS8092993Dec 18, 2008Jan 10, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcHydrogel thin film for use as a biosensorUS8095192Dec 2, 2005Jan 10, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSignal quality metrics design for qualifying data for a physiological monitorUS8112375Mar 27, 2009Feb 7, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcWavelength selection and outlier detection in reduced rank linear modelsUS8130105Mar 1, 2006Mar 6, 2012Masimo Laboratories, Inc.Noninvasive multi-parameter patient monitorUS8133176Sep 30, 2005Mar 13, 2012Tyco Healthcare Group LpMethod and circuit for indicating quality and accuracy of physiological measurementsUS8140272Mar 27, 2009Mar 20, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSystem and method for unmixing spectroscopic observations with nonnegative matrix factorizationUS8145288Aug 22, 2006Mar 27, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor for reducing signal artifacts and technique for using the sameUS8149393Jan 7, 2010Apr 3, 2012Hitachi, Ltd.Personal identification systemUS8165357Sep 10, 2009Apr 24, 2012Lumidigm, Inc.Two camera biometric imagingUS8175346Jun 10, 2008May 8, 2012Lumidigm, Inc.Whole-hand multispectral biometric imagingUS8175666Sep 25, 2006May 8, 2012Grove Instruments, Inc.Three diode optical bridge systemUS8175667Sep 29, 2006May 8, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSymmetric LED array for pulse oximetryUS8175671Sep 22, 2006May 8, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor for reducing signal artifacts and technique for using the sameUS8184873Jun 14, 2010May 22, 2012Lumidigm, Inc.White-light spectral biometric sensorsUS8190223Mar 1, 2006May 29, 2012Masimo Laboratories, Inc.Noninvasive multi-parameter patient monitorUS8190224Sep 22, 2006May 29, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor for reducing signal artifacts and technique for using the sameUS8190225Sep 22, 2006May 29, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor for reducing signal artifacts and technique for using the sameUS8195262Jul 26, 2006Jun 5, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSwitch-mode oximeter LED drive with a single inductorUS8195264Sep 22, 2006Jun 5, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor for reducing signal artifacts and technique for using the sameUS8199007Dec 29, 2008Jun 12, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcFlex circuit snap track for a biometric sensorUS8199322Feb 4, 2011Jun 12, 2012Revolutionary Business Concepts, Inc.Apparatus and method for determining analyte concentrationsUS8203704Aug 3, 2009Jun 19, 2012Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Multi-stream sensor for noninvasive measurement of blood constituentsUS8204566Aug 2, 2007Jun 19, 2012Glt Acquisition Corp.Method and apparatus for monitoring blood constituent levels in biological tissueUS8204567Dec 13, 2007Jun 19, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSignal demodulationUS8219170Sep 20, 2006Jul 10, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSystem and method for practicing spectrophotometry using light emitting nanostructure devicesUS8221319Mar 25, 2009Jul 17, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical device for assessing intravascular blood volume and technique for using the sameUS8224411Mar 1, 2006Jul 17, 2012Masimo Laboratories, Inc.Noninvasive multi-parameter patient monitorUS8224412Jan 12, 2010Jul 17, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcPulse oximeter sensor with piece-wise functionUS8229185Apr 9, 2008Jul 24, 2012Lumidigm, Inc.Hygienic biometric sensorsUS8233954Sep 30, 2005Jul 31, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMucosal sensor for the assessment of tissue and blood constituents and technique for using the sameUS8238994Jun 12, 2009Aug 7, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcAdjusting parameters used in pulse oximetry analysisUS8255027Jul 19, 2010Aug 28, 2012Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Multiple wavelength sensor substrateUS8260391Jul 14, 2010Sep 4, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMedical sensor for reducing motion artifacts and technique for using the sameUS8265724Mar 9, 2007Sep 11, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcCancellation of light shuntingUS8275553Feb 18, 2009Sep 25, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcSystem and method for evaluating physiological parameter dataUS8280469Mar 9, 2007Oct 2, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcMethod for detection of aberrant tissue spectraUS8285010Mar 19, 2008Oct 9, 2012Lumidigm, Inc.Biometrics based on locally consistent featuresUS8292809Mar 27, 2009Oct 23, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcDetecting chemical components from spectroscopic observationsUS8301217Sep 28, 2009Oct 30, 2012Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Multiple wavelength sensor emittersUS8306596Sep 22, 2010Nov 6, 2012Glt Acquisition Corp.Method for data reduction and calibration of an OCT-based physiological monitorUS8311601Jun 30, 2009Nov 13, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcReflectance and/or transmissive pulse oximeterUS8311602Jun 24, 2009Nov 13, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcCompliant diaphragm medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8315681Apr 6, 2009Nov 20, 2012Toshiba Medical Systems CorporationMethod for noninvasive measurement of glucose and apparatus for noninvasive measurement of glucoseUS8315684Jul 14, 2008Nov 20, 2012Covidien LpOximeter ambient light cancellationUS8315685Jun 25, 2009Nov 20, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcFlexible medical sensor enclosureUS8319401Apr 30, 2010Nov 27, 2012Nellcor Puritan Bennett LlcAir movement energy harvesting with wireless sensorsUS8340738Apr 17, 2009Dec 25, 2012The Curators Of The University Of MissouriMethod and system for non-invasive optical blood glucose detection utilizing spectral data analysisUS8346328Dec 21, 2007Jan 1, 2013Covidien LpMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8352004Dec 21, 2007Jan 8, 2013Covidien LpMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8352009Jan 5, 2009Jan 8, 2013Covidien LpMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8352010May 26, 2009Jan 8, 2013Covidien LpFolding medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8355545Apr 10, 2008Jan 15, 2013Lumidigm, Inc.Biometric detection using spatial, temporal, and/or spectral techniquesUS8364217Jun 8, 2007Jan 29, 2013Biotex, Inc.System, device and method for determining the concentration of an analyteUS8364220Sep 25, 2008Jan 29, 2013Covidien LpMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8364221Nov 21, 2008Jan 29, 2013Covidien LpPatient monitoring alarm escalation system and methodUS8364224Mar 31, 2009Jan 29, 2013Covidien LpSystem and method for facilitating sensor and monitor communicationUS8366613Dec 24, 2008Feb 5, 2013Covidien LpLED drive circuit for pulse oximetry and method for using sameUS8376955Sep 29, 2009Feb 19, 2013Covidien LpSpectroscopic method and system for assessing tissue temperatureUS8380271Jun 15, 2006Feb 19, 2013Covidien LpSystem and method for generating customizable audible beep tones and alarmsUS8384885Mar 9, 2012Feb 26, 2013Hitachi, Ltd.Personal identification systemUS8385996Apr 13, 2009Feb 26, 2013Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Multiple wavelength sensor emittersUS8386000Sep 30, 2008Feb 26, 2013Covidien LpSystem and method for photon density wave pulse oximetry and pulse hemometryUS8386002Jan 9, 2009Feb 26, 2013Covidien LpOptically aligned pulse oximetry sensor and technique for using the sameUS8391941Jul 17, 2009Mar 5, 2013Covidien LpSystem and method for memory switching for multiple configuration medical sensorUS8391943Mar 31, 2010Mar 5, 2013Covidien LpMulti-wavelength photon density wave system using an optical switchUS8396527Sep 22, 2006Mar 12, 2013Covidien LpMedical sensor for reducing signal artifacts and technique for using the sameUS8401606Oct 16, 2006Mar 19, 2013Covidien LpNuisance alarm reductions in a physiological monitorUS8401607Mar 31, 2008Mar 19, 2013Covidien LpNuisance alarm reductions in a physiological monitorUS8401608Sep 30, 2009Mar 19, 2013Covidien LpMethod of analyzing photon density waves in a medical monitorUS8404495Jan 22, 2007Mar 26, 2013Biotex, Inc.Device and method for analyte sensingUS8417309Sep 30, 2008Apr 9, 2013Covidien LpMedical sensorUS8417310Aug 10, 2009Apr 9, 2013Covidien LpDigital switching in multi-site sensorUS8423109Jun 20, 2008Apr 16, 2013Covidien LpMethod for enhancing pulse oximery calculations in the presence of correlated artifactsUS8423112Sep 30, 2008Apr 16, 2013Covidien LpMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8428675Aug 19, 2009Apr 23, 2013Covidien LpNanofiber adhesives used in medical devicesUS8428676Mar 31, 2010Apr 23, 2013Covidien LpThermoelectric energy harvesting with wireless sensorsUS8433382Jul 30, 2009Apr 30, 2013Covidien LpTransmission mode photon density wave system and methodUS8433383Jul 7, 2006Apr 30, 2013Covidien LpStacked adhesive optical sensorUS8437822Mar 27, 2009May 7, 2013Covidien LpSystem and method for estimating blood analyte concentrationUS8437825Jul 2, 2009May 7, 2013Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Contoured protrusion for improving spectroscopic measurement of blood constituentsUS8437826Nov 7, 2011May 7, 2013Covidien LpClip-style medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8442608Dec 24, 2008May 14, 2013Covidien LpSystem and method for estimating physiological parameters by deconvolving artifactsUS8452364Dec 24, 2008May 28, 2013Covidien LLPSystem and method for attaching a sensor to a patient's skinUS8452366Mar 16, 2009May 28, 2013Covidien LpMedical monitoring device with flexible circuitryUS8483787Oct 31, 2011Jul 9, 2013Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Multiple wavelength sensor driversUS8483788Feb 28, 2010Jul 9, 2013Covidien LpMotion compensation in a sensorUS8483790Mar 7, 2007Jul 9, 2013Covidien LpNon-adhesive oximeter sensor for sensitive skinUS8494604Sep 21, 2009Jul 23, 2013Covidien LpWavelength-division multiplexing in a multi-wavelength photon density wave systemUS8494606Aug 19, 2009Jul 23, 2013Covidien LpPhotoplethysmography with controlled application of sensor pressureUS8494786Jul 30, 2009Jul 23, 2013Covidien LpExponential sampling of red and infrared signalsUS8498683Apr 30, 2010Jul 30, 2013Covidien LLPMethod for respiration rate and blood pressure alarm managementUS8505821Jun 30, 2009Aug 13, 2013Covidien LpSystem and method for providing sensor quality assuranceUS8509869May 15, 2009Aug 13, 2013Covidien LpMethod and apparatus for detecting and analyzing variations in a physiologic parameterUS8515509Aug 3, 2009Aug 20, 2013Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Multi-stream emitter for noninvasive measurement of blood constituentsUS8515511Sep 29, 2009Aug 20, 2013Covidien LpSensor with an optical coupling material to improve plethysmographic measurements and method of using the sameUS8528185Aug 21, 2009Sep 10, 2013Covidien LpBi-stable medical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8543354 *Oct 28, 2010Sep 24, 2013Medtronic Minimed, Inc.Glucose sensor signal stability analysisUS8548549Sep 9, 2011Oct 1, 2013Glt Acquisition Corp.Methods for noninvasively measuring analyte levels in a subjectUS8552359Mar 23, 2010Oct 8, 2013The Curators of the Univesity of MissouriOptical spectroscopy device for non-invasive blood glucose detection and associated method of useUS8553223Mar 31, 2010Oct 8, 2013Covidien LpBiodegradable fibers for sensingUS8560036Dec 28, 2010Oct 15, 2013Covidien LpSelection of ensemble averaging weights for a pulse oximeter based on signal quality metricsUS8570149Mar 14, 2011Oct 29, 2013Lumidigm, Inc.Biometric imaging using an optical adaptive interfaceUS8570503Jun 15, 2012Oct 29, 2013Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Heat sink for noninvasive medical sensorUS8571617Mar 4, 2009Oct 29, 2013Glt Acquisition Corp.Flowometry in optical coherence tomography for analyte level estimationUS8571621Jun 24, 2010Oct 29, 2013Covidien LpMinimax filtering for pulse oximetryUS8577431Jul 2, 2009Nov 5, 2013Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Noise shielding for a noninvasive deviceUS8577434Dec 24, 2008Nov 5, 2013Covidien LpCoaxial LED light sourcesUS8577436Mar 5, 2012Nov 5, 2013Covidien LpMedical sensor for reducing signal artifacts and technique for using the sameUS8581732Mar 5, 2012Nov 12, 2013Carcacor Laboratories, Inc.Noninvasive multi-parameter patient monitorUS8600469Feb 7, 2011Dec 3, 2013Covidien LpMedical sensor and technique for using the sameUS8610769Feb 28, 2011Dec 17, 2013Covidien LpMedical monitor data collection system and methodUS8611977Mar 8, 2004Dec 17, 2013Covidien LpMethod and apparatus for optical detection of mixed venous and arterial blood pulsation in tissueUS8622916Oct 30, 2009Jan 7, 2014Covidien LpSystem and method for facilitating observation of monitored physiologic dataUS8626255May 22, 2012Jan 7, 2014Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Noninvasive multi-parameter patient monitorUS8630691Aug 3, 2009Jan 14, 2014Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Multi-stream sensor front ends for noninvasive measurement of blood constituentsUS8634889May 18, 2010Jan 21, 2014Cercacor Laboratories, Inc.Configurable physiological measurement systemUS8634891May 20, 2009Jan 21, 2014Covidien LpMethod and system for self regulation of sensor component contact pressureUS20080177189 *Nov 21, 2007Jul 24, 2008Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Photoplethysmography sensorUS20110320166 *Oct 28, 2010Dec 29, 2011Medtronic Minimed, Inc.Glucose sensor signal stability analysisDE4337570A1 *Nov 4, 1993May 11, 1995Boehringer Mannheim GmbhVerfahren zur Analyse von Glucose in einer biologischen MatrixDE19840452B4 *Sep 4, 1998Sep 7, 2006Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., SuwonVerfahren und Vorrichtung zur nicht-invasiven Messung von Konzentrationen von BlutkomponentenEP0589191A1 *Aug 9, 1993Mar 30, 1994Edward W. StarkNon-invasive glucose measurement method and apparatusEP1809167A1 *Nov 9, 2005Jul 25, 2007Cybiocare Inc.Method and apparatus for the reduction of spurious effects on physiological measurementsEP2194846A1 *Sep 12, 2008Jun 16, 2010The Curators Of The University Of MissouriOptical device componentsEP2243425A2Nov 30, 2006Oct 27, 2010Toshiba Medical Systems CorporationMethod for noninvasive measurement of glucose and apparatus for noninvasive measurement of glucoseEP2399515A2Nov 30, 2006Dec 28, 2011Toshiba Medical Systems CorporationMethod for noninvasive measurement of glucose and apparatus for noninvasive measurement of glucoseEP2399516A2Nov 30, 2006Dec 28, 2011Toshiba Medical Systems CorporationMethod for noninvasive measurement of glucose and apparatus for noninvasive measurement of glucoseEP2399517A2Nov 30, 2006Dec 28, 2011Toshiba Medical Systems CorporationMethod for noninvasive measurement of glucose and apparatus for noninvasive measurement of glucoseWO1993022649A2 *Apr 14, 1993Nov 11, 1993Sirraya IncMethod and apparatus for material analysisWO1994002837A1 *Jul 8, 1993Feb 3, 1994Myron J BlockNon-invasive testingWO1995013739A1 *Oct 7, 1994May 26, 1995Klaus DanzerMethod and device for the non-invasive transcutanean determination of the concentrations of substances in human body fluids or tissuesWO1996014567A1 *Oct 30, 1995May 17, 1996Myron J BlockRapid non-invasive optical analysis using broad bandpass spectral processingWO1998007364A1Aug 1, 1997Feb 26, 1998Batz Hans GeorgMonitoring system for the regular intake of a medicamentWO1999044493A1Feb 22, 1999Sep 10, 1999Rudolf H DittelDetermination system for the direct qualitative and quantitative, almost immediate, highly specific, non-invasive detection of substances contained in the blood through measurement of spectral signaturesWO1999056615A1Apr 28, 1999Nov 11, 1999Optix LpNon-invasive measurement of analyte in the tympanic membraneWO2000042905A2 *Jan 19, 2000Jul 27, 2000Futrex IncMethod and apparatus for noninvasive quantitative measurement of blood analytesWO2003013352A1 *Aug 8, 2002Feb 20, 2003Mark D AgostinoDevice for isolating regions of living tissueWO2006037985A2 *Oct 3, 2005Apr 13, 2006Univ AstonSensing deviceWO2012004586A1Jul 1, 2011Jan 12, 2012Melys Diagnostics LtdOptical assembly and method for determining analyte concentrationWO2013011476A2 *Jul 19, 2012Jan 24, 2013Ben Gurion University Of The Negev, Research And Development AuthorityA non-invasive device and method for measuring bilirubin levels* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification250/339.12, 250/343, 250/341.5International ClassificationA61B5/145, A61B10/00, G01N21/31, A61B5/1455, A61B5/00Cooperative ClassificationG01N21/314, A61B5/0008, A61B5/14532, A61B5/1455European ClassificationA61B5/145G, A61B5/1455, A61B5/00B3D, G01N21/31DLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 13, 2002FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Mar 12, 2002CCCertificate of correctionJan 4, 1999FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jan 3, 1995FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Mar 17, 1989ASAssignmentOwner name: FUTREX, INC., P.O. BOX 2398, 7845 AIRPARK ROAD, GAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:ROSENTHAL, ROBERT D.;PAYNTER, LYNN N.;MACKIE, LINDA H.;REEL/FRAME:005055/0566;SIGNING DATES FROM 19890314 TO 19890315RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google