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Calor LPG Installation Booklet | Liquefied Petroleum Gas | Propane
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L.P.G. Storage Tank Sizing
Calor Gas N.I. Ltd. Tel: (02890) 4555 88
Calor Gas Tel: (01) 450 5000
Pipe Sizing Tank Siting Delivery and Access Requirements Carbon Footprint Cylinder Sizing
CG701258/3.06/ISS.1. HRC Jan 08
...Screening ......................Tank sizing ...............................Vehicle access.....................Semi-mounded tank installations ....................................................Properties of propane ........... 8 Above ground tank installations ..............................Separation from flammable liquids ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................Tables ........ 13 ............................................... 17 Contacts R...............................Groundwork...O.....................Gas dispersion walls .........................................................Properties of butane ............... 15 Pipe sizing ...................... 10 ... 22 ...........Cylinder installation and sizing ........Carbon footprint ........................................................ 16 .................................. Customer Services 01 450 5000 01 269 4800 01 855 5451 021 4502854 01 450 5000 028 028 028 028 028 028 028 9045 9045 9044 9045 9045 9045 9045 5588 8466 2422 5588 8466 5588 8466 Semi-Mounded Tanks ........... 12 ............................................................... 28-29 Contact numbers ........................................ 14 Domestic Tank and Pipework Installation .................................... 18 ...Tanker details .......Tank siting .............Use of a fire wall ....................................................................... 20 ...................................Safety Requirements ....................... 6 .................................................................................................. 11 .................................... 21 Cylinders ............................. 19 .......................................................................................... 25 .......... 18 ................................................................................................. 23 ..................................................Contents PAGE NO................................................. 9 .............................................................Laying the pipework ......................................... 13 ............................... Bulk installations ....................................................................................................................... Customer Services After Hours Emergency Service Dublin Distribution Cork Distribution Technical Department Contact N............. 11 .... 26 Legislation ......................................Instructions .................................... 27 Conversion tables .................... 31 Technical Department After Hours Emergency Service Belfast Distribution 2 3 ......................................Bulk delivery vehicles .............................................................................Overhead power cables ............................I...................Base requirements ................................................................................Access requirements ..................................................Tank siting ............................................ 7 .........................Cylinder siting .....................Semi-mounded tank siting .....I......... 30 Notes......................... 12 Gas delivery .........................................
Under typical Irish conditions.The principle sources of LPG are oil or gas fields and petroleum refineries. Commonly these pressure vessels are termed ‘bulk tanks’ or ‘cylinders’. The main form of LPG storage is in special tanks known as ‘pressure vessels’.mounded tank Fig. 1 Ground level Above ground tank Ground level Semi . When the liquid temperature rises. When the liquid temperature drops. The low temperature of the liquid (often indicating excess offtake) may be indicated by ‘sweating’ (where the water vapour in air condenses on the wetted surface area of the tank) and if the offtake is large enough by ‘frosting’ (where the condensed water vapour freezes) on the walls of the tank. The type of bulk tank installation to be undertaken is dependent upon the following factors: • Customer requirements (application. is dependent upon the surface area of the tank. the vapour pressure drops. The correct design. • Required offtake and/or minimum storage capacity. therefore. the vapour pressure increases. If planning permission is required. safe siting. LPG may be liquefied by moderately increasing the pressure or by reducing the temperature. There are two types of bulk tank installation that Calor can offer: See Fig. aesthetics etc. 1 The two options above may involve either single or multiple tanks.). Refrigerated storage is used by gas suppliers to store large volumes of LPG. the quantity of liquid within the tank and the temperature. for instance in summer.). the vapour pressure in the tank falls and the liquid boils. the pressure range will be between 2-9 bar. Bulk installations may require planning permission from the local authority. To maintain boiling. the remaining ‘ullage’ space being taken up with vapour (often referred to as the vapour space) to facilitate expansion without allowing the tank to become 100% liquid full (known as hydraulically full). As gas (vapour) is drawn from the tank. the liquid absorbs heat from the metal walls of the tank in contact with the liquid (known as the wetted surface area) and from the air surrounding the tank. the tanks are never completely filled with liquid (tanks are filled to approximately 87% of their water capacity). the installation should not be undertaken until the application is successful. 4 5 . total storage etc.Bulk Installations LPG is an acronym for Liquefied Petroleum Gas. delivery and installation of a bulk tank storage system is the responsibility of the gas supplier. The available gas ‘offtake’. producing more vapour and restoring the pressure. Because LPG has a high coefficient of expansion in its liquid phase. The two main forms of LPG are commercial butane and commercial propane. • Safety considerations (siting requirements.
see Tank Offtake table below.3 5. • Access and egress for tank delivery. For offtake capacity for various bulk tanks.2 5. (Subject to access and ground conditions).0002931 = 500.8 14. Fig.1 13. • The physical constraints imposed by the site.5 25 36.000 Btu/hr to kW multiply by 0.4 Common tank weights Tank size (kg propane) 230 600 1000 2000 3000 4000 Tare weight + 50kg normal gas charge 190kg 400kg 585kg 1000kg 1176kg 1882kg Vehicles should ideally be located a minimum of 1. Most crane vehicles now have their cranes fitted at the rear of the vehicle and they will normally reverse square to the tank base to obtain maximum lift and stability.000 x 0.2 Please note.5 10.2 kg/h 4.1 3.9 26. or weakening the ground around it. In order to ensure security of gas supply. the tank should be sized to provide at least 4–6 weeks of gas storage.4 19. 2 Tank offtake table (u/g = underground) Maximum continuous propane offtake at 5°C and 25% full Fig. • The frequency of delivery.8 19 9.52 13. 6 7 . both commercial and domestic.2 6. including: • The maximum required gas rate and pattern of use.55kW VEHICLE ACCESS FOR TANK DELIVERY Reach distances should be measured from the edge of the access roadway to the centre of the base. for anything beyond 6m.2 10.5 metres from any excavation to avoid the vehicle falling into the opening.TANK SIZING Selecting the appropriate size of tank will depend upon a number of factors.66 7. • Access and egress for gas delivery. a Calor representative must carry out a site survey Tank capacity (kg propane) 230 600 1000 1000 (u/g) 2000 2000 (u/g) 3000 4000 6500 (u/g) kW 60 145 187 94 264 132 347 513 366 m3/h 2.0002931 = 146. Example: To convert 500.
15 3. BASE REQUIREMENTS FOR ABOVE GROUND TANKS As can be seen from the chart below.15 5. • Depth of concrete dimensions (c) is subject to suitable sub-base ground conditions. NB: • For a detailed drawing showing compound requirements.8 x 5.8 x 1. measured in units of carbon dioxide.5 636.7 x 5. Ref: SEI in Ireland 1990 – 2006.15 5.5 x 1. • Semi-mounded Tank Civil Drawings are available on request from Calor Technical Services.15 4.defra.4 73.15m) Tank size (kg) 2 x 230 Churn 3 x 230 Churn 1 x 600 2 x 600 3 x 600 1 x 1000 2 x 1000 3 x 1000 1 x 2000 2 x 2000 3 x 2000 1 x 3000 2 x 3000 3 x 3000 1 x 4000 2 x 4000 3 x 4000 Dimensions (m) length (a) x width (b) x depth (c) (see diagram above) 2.9 Fig.6 x 0.uk/environment for Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 2 To support the weight of the LPG tank(s) including the gas contents a load bearing base is required. please contact Calor Technical Services Department.6 x 1.3 x 5 x 0.3 76.3 100.0 374.9 56.15 5.8 204.3 x 1 x 0. In NI consult the website www.15 94.9 273.2 x 0.5 x 4.15 3. giving the best efficiency while maintaining relatively low carbon emissions.3 264.8 176.15 2 x 1 x 0.7 x 3.15 3.5 Note: CO2 emission factors for electricity vary from year to year depending on the fuel mix used in power generation.4 71.6 x 0. 2 Comparisons of CO Emissions and Calorific Values 2 t CO2/TJ (NCV) Liquid Fuels Motor Spirit (Gasoline) Jet Kerosene Other Kerosene Gas/Diesel Oil Residual Oil LPG Naphtha Petroleum Coke Solid Fuels and Derivatives Coal Milled Peat Sod Peat Peat Briquettes Gas Natural Gas Electricity (2005) 70.4 x 0. The combination of these two statistics makes LPG the ideal fuel solution. 8 9 .15 5.15 2 x 5 x 0.80 g CO2/kWh (NCV) 251.3 x 0.4 355.15 3.8 x 3.15 2 x 3 x 0.3 x 1.2 x 0.6 x 0. LPG has one of the lowest CO emission figures as well as a very high calorific value.15 3. Carbon dioxide (CO ) is not the only man-made greenhouse gas – it is simply the one that has accumulated the most in the atmosphere and is presently having the greatest warming effect on our planet.4 x 0.5 x 6.8 x 0. 6 420.gov.9 340.Carbon Footprint Above Ground Tank Installations Carbon footprint is a measure of the impact human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced. More information on semi-mounded tanks can be found on page 20.6 229.7 x 1.2 x 0.7 104 98.0 71.3 x 3 x 0.60 116.0 257.9 257.0 63.15 5. 3 Dimensions for concrete base (0. Grid Electricity for NI is lower than the ROI value.7 73.0 362.0 263.15 5.15 3.3 x 0.
5 15.0 With a fire wall (m) 0. 10 11 .0 1.5 7. of tanks in a group 3 5 3 6 4 3 6 From buildings boundary. where normal separation distances cannot be achieved. For tanks containing over 3.000 litres of flammable liquid the safety distance is 3m to the bund wall or diversion wall and 6m to the tank. please seek expert advice from Calor Technical Services. (COP 1: Part:1 2004).TANK SITING ABOVE GROUND SEPARATION FROM FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS If you are siting bulk LPG tanks adjacent to any flammable liquids or liquid storage vessels. boundaries and sources of ignition LPG capacity (kg) 230 600 1000 2000 3000 4000 12000 Max no.0 7.0 1.0 1.5 4. Typical flash points for common hydrocarbon liquids/fuels Fuel Propane Butane Gasoline (petrol) Jet B Diesel Jet A Kerosene (domestic heating oil) Gas oil Light fuel oil Flashpoint (˚C) -104 -60 -45 -7 40-55 47 52 70 95 105 115 125 144 263 Fig.5 3. If you want to reduce your safety distances through the use of a fire wall.000 litres.4: Tank siting for a typical 1000kg tank (NTS) Medium fuel oil Heavy fuel oil Crude oil Black oil Distance from buildings.0 1. Specialist advice should be obtained from Calor Technical Department regarding safety distances from liquid oxygen storage tanks.0 1.0 3. NI .5 Distance between tanks (m) 1.5 1. Further advice on grouping of LPG tanks should be obtained from Calor Technical Services Departments. please contact Calor Technical Services.LPG storage tanks should be 3m from the bund wall of a tank containing a flamable liquid with a Flash Point >60oC. property line or fixed source of ignition (m) 2.0 4.5 Castor oil ROI .0 7.0 4.0 1. LPG storage tanks should be 6m from any tank containing a flamable liquid with a Flash Point between 22.LPG storage tanks should be 3m from the tank/bund containing a flammable liquid with a flash point between 32-65oC for flammable liquid tanks containing up to 3. (IS: 3216 amendment No 1 1989).8oC and 60oC.5 7.3 1. USE OF A FIRE WALL The purpose of a fire wall is to protect the tank(s) from the effects of thermal radiation from a nearby fire and to ensure that there is an adequate distance from fixed sources of ignition.
7 NTS • Minimum turning circle 19. • Is located at least 1m away from tanks of less than 1000kg capacity (for NI this is less than 2. Separation distances from overhead power cables. • Does not obstruct the delivery driver’s line of vision when filling the tank. industrial and metered supplied sites with twelve (12) tonne capacity tankers.2 tonne LPG capacity). and that there is an unrestricted access route available to traverse between the tanker and the tank. the tank(s) must be sited a minimum of 1. Fig.5m from an imaginary line drawn vertically downwards from the power cable. • Does not impede natural ventilation around the tank(s). this distance must be increased to 10m. gas deliveries to domestic and small commercial customers are made with eight (8) tonne capacity tankers and to larger commercial. on a reasonably level hard standing. • Where the voltage is 1kV and above. TANKER DETAILS • Minimum width of entrance 4m • Minimum height clearance of entrance 4m • Working clearance around tanker during delivery is 3m SAFETY REQUIREMENTS • Normally.5m • 8 tonne tanker gross weight 18 tonnes • 12 tonne tanker gross weight 26 tonnes • Maximum hose length 27m Fig 5. • Is either evergreen shrubs or non-flammable ranch type fencing. to carry out maintenance and for the gas delivery tanker to fill the tank safely. guidance should be obtained from the local power supply company. • It is an important safety requirement that during the filling operation the tanker driver has a clear view of the tanker and the tank that is being filled. Where there is any doubt as to the cable voltage. • It is very important that when deciding on the tank site location that there is safe and ongoing unrestricted access to deliver the tank. • Where the voltage in the cables is less than 1kV. For larger tanks seek advice from Calor Technical Services. 12 13 . method which is a potential source of ignition should not be used in the separation areas. away from ignition sources and does not cause unnecessary obstruction to traffic. SCREENING Screening an above ground tank is permitted providing that the screen: • Is located on one side of the tank only. Tanker access requirmnets • When making a delivery it is important that the tanker can be parked in a safe area.Gas delivery – Access Requirements OVERHEAD POWER CABLES Above ground tanks must not be sited directly beneath electrical power cables. Note: Chemical weed killers (such as Sodium Chlorate) or any other weed killing Fig 6. Screening distances.
10 Buried Pipe Detail Fig. 9 Domestic Tank Installation BULK DELIVERY VEHICLES Vehicle access 8 tonne capacity rigid tanker 8. 8 Fig. minimum 3m Minimum cover depth of 375 mm from the finished ground level to the top of pipe.4m 3.4m 18 tonnes 4.5m 3.50m 4m 27. 14 15 . Sleeve through wall must be of a material impermeable to gas and corrosion resistant Important: Refer to Technical Specifications for Tank Siting and Installation Details.00m Bulk delivery vehicle access Overall length Overall width Maximum gross weight Height clearance Road width Turning circle radius Gateway and short passages Hose length Required clearance between road tanker and tank 12 tonne capacity 9.5m Tanker Arch access and turning circle requirements.50m 4m 27. 75mm of sand bed around pipe.00m This is dependent on the size of the tank. 11 Pipe Through Wall Detail 19.00m 4m 19.Domestic Tank and Pipework Installation Fig.00m 4m 19.4m 26 tonnes 4. Fig.
40 12 4.40 3.0 1. Location of pipe Customer’s gardens Paved footway Carriageway Verge Open field/agricultural land Depth of cover (metres) 0.40 15 4.38 82.40 126.97 165.58 0. Telecommunications 11.12 115.66 28.94 0.50 77.116 155.281 11.5 7.261 10.9 21 0.66 0.5 18 0.5 9.0 0.88 0.40 0.0 5.15 60.88 0.20 3.).40 2.13 24. PE pipework installed above ground must be protected against damage and sunlight.0 6.5 mbar maximum pressure drop over the length of the pipe.05 9.0 2.21 0.30 66.274 54 160 35.434 4.927 3.18 165.522 70.04 110. pipes etc.10 3 9. electricity cables. 16 17 .8 15 0.375 0. 11.361 15. High voltage electrical 7.315 13.70 0.0 5.14 27.443 42 125 39.22 44.66 0.4 1.882 4.30 132.397 50. Please contact Calor Technical Services for larger pipe work sizes not provided in tables above.80 0.7 12 1.5 2.04 6.55 143.60 0.03 5.0 6 6.0 2. The minimum depth of cover required for various pipe locations is detailed below.70 24 3.350 46.928 6.0 14.594 81.8 2.75 1.14 161.10 0.00 0. Lamp Standard 2.75 0.240 5.50 0.04 7. PLEASE SEEK EXPERT ADVICE FROM CALOR TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT.06 11.90 0.238 9.14 0.80 0.0 1.643 6.26 0. Low voltage electrical (alternative position) 5.756 101.19 38.16 0.54 6. Water 8 9 260 10 Dimensions in millimetres 430 10.5 2.14 108.68 0. Fig 12: Typical arrangement of mains in a 2m footpath.66 0.44 2.20 NOTE: The heat input is based upon propane at low pressure of 37 mbar and 2.42 0.395 55.19 121.6 1.1 6 1.6 3.03 6.40 363.10 21 3.2 1.93 101.0 2.40 0.221 8.189 62 184 33.0 4.7 1.5 3.0 1.613 33 100 44.651 1 Key: 2000 1720 1550 1255 1.78 94.17 33.82 1.g. Carriageway WITH REFERENCE TO UNDERGROUND GAS PIPEWORK DISTANCES FROM BUILDINGS.16 1.20 0.0 4. Boundary 960 690 3.0 1.78 140.70 0.5 1.0 9 1.5 1.528 37 111 41.15 29.96 52.20 1.60 9 5.0 2.8 1.32 0.6 NOTE: The heat input is based upon propane at low pressure of 37 mbar and 2. A clearance of 250mm should also be maintained from all other services (e.6 24 0.06 56.6 1.0 309. Gas 9.358 47 140 37. Cable TV 8.8 1.50 18 4.Pipe Sizing Effective capacity of steel pipe for LPG Length(m) 8mm 15mm Heat Input kW m3/h Heat Input kW m3/h 20mm Heat Input kW m3/h 25mm Heat Input kW m3/h LAYING THE PIPEWORK Under no circumstances should an LPG distribution main or service be installed beneath a foundation or in an unventilated void.70 90.95 172.24 0.50 181.6 0.04 8.27 55.0 6.5 mbar maximum pressure drop over the length of the pipe.42 19.50 247.12 0. Outside stop valve 430 Effective capacity of polyethylene pipe size for LPG Heat input Maximum length (25mm OD) Maximum length (32mm OD) kW m3/h metres metres 28.104 72 213 30.203 3.09 16. Effective capacity of copper tube for LPG Length (m) 6mm 10mm Heat Input kW m3/h Heat Input kW m3/h 15mm Heat Input kW m3/h 22mm Heat Input kW m3/h 28mm Heat Input kW m3/h 3 2.450 62. Low voltage electrical 11 350 900 6.698 30 90 NOTE: The heat input is based upon propane at low pressure of 37 mbar and 2.54 0. 2 450 600 3 4 5 6 280 170 295 7 295 270 250 600 4.72 0.5 mbar maximum pressure drop over the length of the pipe.5 4.60 0.
Due to the dangers involved with carrying out excavation work. which can affect the gas supply. It is recommended that a suitably qualified and experienced engineer be employed to undertake a geological site survey and provide the appropriate advice on all the groundwork and foundations necessary. Fig. . It is essential that tanks are not sited in areas prone to flooding. . TANK SITING Potential installation sites for semi-mounded tanks should be vetted by a competent person at the planning stage to ensure that no services (gas.) pass through the proposed tank excavation area.Collapse of the sides. the option is often taken to install semi-mounded tanks. Groundwork has to be properly planned and carried out to prevent accidents. All excavations must be assessed by a competent person to ensure they are safe to work with. must be suitably trained and competent. The top of the valve box of a semi-mounded tank must be a minimum of 450mm above the natural ground level.Flooding. or in excavations. There is various legislation concerning persons working on. areas of heavy clay soil may require the provision of adequate drainage. . This should ensure that the valve box does not become ‘flooded’ causing regulator malfunction. Semi-mounded tanks are specially prepared to ensure the risk of corrosion is minimised and are available as standard in 1000kg and 2000kg propane capacities. . or working in them. both above and below ground level. all persons who are involved in such work. . The local Water Authority or Environmental Agency should be consulted for information regarding the proposed site.Underground services or installations. telecommunications. As a result Calor cannot accept any responsibility for any groundwork.Materials falling in whilst persons are working in the excavation.People or vehicles falling into the excavations. . This includes temporary or permanent earthwork support found necessary or foundations that may be required. water.Undermining of nearby structures.Semi-Mounded Tank Installations SEMI-MOUNDED TANK INSTALLATIONS Ground level Semi-Mounded Tank Installations GROUNDWORK SUPPLY PIPEWORK Back fill material should preferably be river washed sand. Fig. sewers. Larger tank designs are available on request from Calor Technical Services. Typical hazards that require guarding against are: . 14 Semi-mounded tank installation detail Excavation for semi-mounded tanks Ground conditions can vary significantly and not all locations are suitable for underground LPG storage.The 18 19 . 13 Semi-mounded tank To improve the aesthetic appearance of bulk LPG tanks and allow reduced separation distances.Exhaust gases from vehicles etc. drains. In addition. electricity. The emphasis is on an awareness of hazards and the methods adopted to eliminate or reduce the risk to an acceptable level. cesspits etc.
around the wall.The density of liquid phase LPG is approximately half that of water. it is recommended that this distance be increased to 2m. Gas dispersion walls should be imperforate. boundaries and sources of ignition Minimum safety distance from buildings boundaries or fixed source of ignition (m) To Tank To valve assembly surface Without gas With gas dispersion wall dispersion wall 2* 3 1. Buried tanks in waterlogged ground will be subject to a flotation force of 1000kg per cubic metre of tank volume and without adequate anchoring have been known to surface. but due to effects of excavation on building structure. Right: Fig 17. The excavation for semi-mounded tanks needs careful planning.5m in height.5 3 7. 1000kg semi-mounded tanks showing reduced separation distances due to gas dispersion wall. it is recommended that semi-mounded LPG tanks be sited wherever practical away from buildings or structures. Due to the possible future effects of excavation work on foundations or structures. They differ from a fire wall in that they are not required to protect the tank(s) from thermal radiation from an external fire. but to ensure any potential gas escape from the valve box area can be safely dispersed or diluted before reaching an ignition source.5 4 Tank size (kg) Distance between tanks (m) 1000 2000 1 1 Gas dispersion walls further permit the reduction of separation distances for semimounded tanks. foundations and structures. Semi-mounded tank siting Above: Fig 16. bringing the pipework with them. the edge of the excavation should be located no closer than 2 metres to any foundation unless a geological survey is carried out by a competent person. Detailed installation drawings can be obtained from Calor Technical Services. Excavations can have an effect on neighbouring buildings. GAS DISPERSION WALLS Fig 15: Typical domestic tank siting for a semi-mounded 1000kg tank (NTS) Distances from buildings. 20 21 . They should only be used on one side of the tank. NB: Expert advice on 6500kg semi-mounded tank installations is available from Calor Technical Service. substantially constructed from brick. boundary or fixed source of ignition is not less than the separation distance required if the wall were not present. *Separation distance is stated as 1m. and consequently semi-mounded LPG tanks will float if the location becomes flooded with water. If there is no other suitable location within the confines of the premises. A gas dispersion wall should be constructed of a length such that the distance measured from the valve assembly. They should not be sited as to direct or facilitate the draining of water onto the LPG tank and should not impede natural ventilation. concrete or solid masonry and should not be less than 0. Schematic layout of a semi-mounded tank installation using a gas dispersion wall to reduce the required separation distance from a building. to the property.
This valve automatically switches the supply from the ‘service’ to the ‘reserve’ cylinders when the gas cylinders are nearly empty without any noticeable interruption of the gas supply. 2.28 kg/h 1. toxic or oxidising materials Mechanical air intake 22 23 .75 2.S. what diversity factor is appropriate? • What is the pattern of use? Cylinder offtake tables Maximum continuous propane offtake Cylinder size (propane kg) 34 47 kW 24 34 m3/h 0. If the cylinder supply comprises four or more cylinders connected to an automatic changeover device. When sizing gas cylinders there are three main considerations: • What is the maximum gas rate of the appliance(s)? • If there is more than one appliance.0 Untrapped drain or sealed gully Bund wall for bulk flammable liquid storage Opening to cellar/basement Corrosive. the ‘Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations’ (applicable in NI only) state that an Over Pressure Protection Shut Off device (O.93 1.Metres 1. Above diagram and table extracted from IS820.) must be provided. 6. Note: To ensure there is adequate storage. 1. 3. Other opening above any cylinder shall beat least 0. Minimum Separation . Note 1 Note 2 Any opening into chimneys or air intakes shall be at least1.48 CYLINDER SITING Fig.P. To allow for diversity and heating efficiency.5 3. 4. Calculate the total gross heat input rate of all the appliances in kW.Cylinders Multi cylinder installations are an ideal alternative to bulk tank installations as a means of supply where the site may be restricted in terms of the available space for gas storage or tanker access.O. The cylinders are generally arranged in two sets – ‘service’ and ‘reserve’ – and linked by a pressure regulator/changeover valve.7).0 Parked motor vehicle Fixed sources of ignition Unprotected electrical equipment Flammable/combustible materials Cylinders shall be sited more than 3 m from any heat source likely to raise temperature of the cylinder contents above40o. 18 Minimum horizontal separation distance required between various features or hazards and a cylinder installations. divide the total appliance input by the offtake rate (kW or kg/h as long as units are consistent) to determine the number required.3 m above the level of the top of the cylinders. If more than one cylinder is required (for either offtake or total storage reasons).0 m above the level of the top of any cylinder. Use the Calor cylinder offtake table (see above table) to determine the appropriate number and size of cylinders. the total appliance gas rate should be multiplied by a ‘coincidence’ factor (typically 0.0 Feature or hazard Window Door Air vent Balanced-flue Trapped drain CYLINDER SIZING The procedure for determining the correct number and size of cylinders is as follows: 1. it is advisable to provide an equal number of additional cylinders as a reserve.
basement or sunken area.I. measured in the horizontal plane.Properties of Propane Propane cylinders must NOT be installed in any of the following positions: 1. toxic or oxidising materials.0-11.9kWh/kg) 25. 5.)/2m (N.I. unless a fire resistant barrier is interposed. • Unprotected electrical equipment.0 1978 Latent heat of vaporisation at boiling point Specific heat of gas Specific heat of liquid Density of gas Density of liquid Volume of gas produced per mass of liquid Volume of gas produced per unit volume of liquid Volume occupied per mass of liquid Volume of air to burn unit volume of gas Volume of oxygen to burn unit volume of gas Ignition temperature Maximum flame temperature % gas in gas/air mixture for maximum flame temperature Limits of flammability (% gas in gas/air mixture) UN number *Metric units relate to Metric Standard Conditions of 15˚C and 1013.). Propane cylinders must not be installed within 3m (R. ventilation ducts.43MJ/kg 1. flue terminals etc.4 2. unless an intervening gas dispersion wall (not less than 250mm high) is provided.43kJ/kg/˚C 1. airbricks.54m3/kg 274 1957 litres/tonne 24 4. Propane cylinders must not be installed less than 1m measured in the horizontal plane from the nearest cylinder valve.55kJ/kg/˚C 2.512 95MJ/m3 (26. 3. Propane cylinders must be stored and used outdoors only.1 kW 1 m3 of Propane vapour at 37 mbar = 3.4kWh/m3 50MJ/kg (13.8 460-580˚C 1980˚C 4. PROPERTIES OF PROPANE Freezing point at atmospheric pressure Boiling point at atmospheric pressure* Vapour pressure at 15˚C Specific gravity of gas (air=1) Specific gravity of liquid (water=1) Calorific Value -186˚C -42˚C 7.5MJ/litre (7. from: • Fixed sources of ignition. or openings to cellars. • Openable windows. 4.O.g. from untrapped drains or unsealed gullies. • Readily ignitable materials etc. Temperatures/vapour pressure chart for Propane and Butane Commonly used conversions for Propane 1litre of Propane liquid = 7. 2. Propane cylinders must not be stored in any cellar.5 barg 1. • Apertures in the property. or less than 300mm measured vertically above the cylinder valve(s).652 litres of propane liquid 24 25 . Propane cylinders must not be installed within 3m of any corrosive.85kg/m3 512kg/m3 0. e.5 0.25 mbar (dry) Fig 19.1kWh/litre) 0. • Excessive heat sources.
7kWh/kg) 28.25: LPG central storage and distribution systems for multiple customers. This installation booklet is intended as a guide only and does not supercede any legislative requirements.25 mbar (dry) Please note all information contained in this booklet is correct at time of print. IS 820: 2000 Non-domestic gas installation. Latent heat of vaporisation at boiling point Specific heat of gas Specific heat of liquid Density of gas Density of liquid Volume of gas produced per mass of liquid Volume of gas produced per unit volume of liquid Volume occupied per mass of liquid Volume of air to burn unit volume of gas Volume of oxygen to burn unit volume of gas Ignition temperature Maximum flame temperature % gas in gas/air mixture for maximum flame temperature Limits of flammability (% gas in gas/air mixture) UN number *Metric units relate to Metric Standard Conditions of 15˚C and 1013.39MJ/kg 1.8kW/m3) 49.Properties of Butane Legislation PROPERTIES OF BUTANE Freezing point at atmospheric pressure Boiling point at atmospheric pressure* Vapour pressure at 15˚C Specific gravity of gas (air=1) Specific gravity of liquid (water=1) Calorific Value -140˚C -2˚C 2 barg 2. LPGA Code of Practice No. for further information please contact Calor Technical Services in Dublin/Belfast. IS 813: 2002 Domestic Gas Installations. IS 329: 2003 Gas Distribution Mains. Part 1: Use of propane cylinders at residential and similar premises.24.41m3/kg 233 1743 litres/tonne 30 6. NORTHERN IRELAND LPGA Code of Practice No. London. The above documents are a sample of legislation within ROI & NI.5MJ/m3 (33. COP 22 LPG piping systems: Design and Installation. The above information is referenced from Irish Standards for Gas Installations.5 1011 REPUBLIC OF IRELAND IS 3216: Code of Practice for the bulk storage of LPG and amendments.1: Bulk LPG storage at fixed installations.8kWh/litre) 0.24.5 1. Part 2 – Small bulk propane installations for domestic purposes. IS 3213: 1987 Code of Practice for the storage of LPG cylinders and cartridges.2MJ/litre (7.575 121. Part 4 – Buried/Mounded Vessels. LPGA Code of Practice No. IS 265: 2000 Installation of Gas Service Pipes Parts 1 & 2.9-8. LPGA Code of Practice No. 26 27 .0 0. Part 6: Use of propane cylinders at commercial and industrial premises.25 410-550˚C 1996˚C 3. LPGA Code of Practice No. This is not an exhaustive list.45kg/m3 575kg/m3 0.34kJ/kg/˚C 2. LPGas Association Codes of Practice and The Institute of Gas Engineers Publications.61kJ/kg/˚C 2.7: Storage of full and empty LPG cylinders and cartridges.2MJ/kg (13. Part 1 – Above Ground Vessels.
000252 1.000001 0.0002734 0.001055 0.000037 0.0002778 7936647.0000001 0.0396737 thermie 0.201 0.0000003 0.004546 101.907184 0.0002778 2000 0.000004187 3.152 0.000278 POWER Btu/hr ENERGY J J kJ MJ GJ Btu kcal kWh therm thermie 1 1000 1000000 1000000000 1055.0000002389 0.003785 16.626 0.000000278 0.0036 0.6 0.1337 0.453592 0.8327 0.001 m3/hr 3.000126 907.0004643 3214.229 0.184 3657765.4805 264.12 0.6244 0.324 1.000073 1 0.1023122 UK ton/s UK ton/hr tonne/s 0.8 0.000001055 1 0.001 0.8 0.00003968 0.229 220 ft3 0.0000001 1 0.0003062 35.8 3600000 105510000 4186000 kJ 0.03532 0.003785 0.0002931 0.00001 0.72 0.0006124 1 0.00000116 0.632924 0.001163 1 29.163 therm 0.2778 277.2642 0.000000278 0.03532 481.0011023 1.0005 3600 1 4032 1.186 GJ Btu kcal 0.1 28 29 .785 4.04608 3600000 1000 lb/s 2.000001 0.82 947820 0.1 4186.028320 3600 1 0.0002521 0.001262778 28.02832 0.004187 3.859800 859.205598 1 Litres US gal UK gal ft3 m3 VOLUME Litres 1 3.0004643 0.0009478 0.229 791888.000001 0.1337 577.546 28.968300 0.000334 7.6 1.001051389 4.200 264.832700 3600 1 22424.4805 0.9683 W 0.184 0.000278 6.0005 0.6 105.009808 ft3/hr 127.8 8598000 1 0.54316 0.061103 UK gal/hr 792 0.20462 0.2931 1 1000 1000000 1.2 UK gal 0.9312 0.000045 1 0.8 7.00173 219.0000003 0.8327 1 6.478 0.201 7.001 0.00098421 3.2642 3600 1 4323.913 1.7 kWh 0.001 tonne/hr 3.8 0.1023122 2204.0003111 US ton/hr 3.1605 0.8928571 3600 1 3543.004186 3412.12 0.004546 0.31 0.8928571 0.952 0.6222222 2204.0002778 1.785 0.0010002 0.32 3600000 1000 US gal/s 0.453592 3265862.0011023 0.12 3968.1 3412000 3.009478 9.947800 947.4 6.000278 0.9842073 0.6 kg/s kg/hr lb/s lb/hr US ton/s US ton/hr UK ton/s UK ton/hr tonne/s tonne/hr MASS FLOW RATE kg/s 1 0.000239 0.96828 0.001000 1 1000 0.02832 1 Btu/hr W kW MW kcal/hr 1 3.2777778 kg/hr 3600 1 1632.238903 238.84 25200 999.1605 1 35.632 2.252 0.073381 US gal/hr 951.22 0.510000 4.0002778 0.0160461 3600 1 0.286 0.03532 0.8600506 25.310000 0.002931 0.0461 0.1868 3600 105510 4186 MJ 0.4121 3412.862 0.003785 0.1337 0.000001 0.277777778 Litres/hr 3600 1 13626 3.6 4.001 1 0.000061 0.CONVERSION TABLES VOLUME FLOW RATE Litres/s Litres/s Litres/hr US gal/s US gal/hr UK gal/s UK gal/hr ft3/s ft3/hr m3/s m3/hr 1 0.00000478 0.2642 1 1.000278 35.172 UK gal/s 0.000231 1 0.1464 0.0002778 0.001 1.0002388 0.4 219.6123957 lb/hr 7936.0004536 3265.22 0.0004536 0.0551 4.969 0.546 0.67148 0.001 1 1000 1000000 1.32 0.172 0.9 1016.0002822 1 0.546 101952 28.000008 1 13.01640461 0.00098421 3.5555556 2240 0.785 16365.20462 3600 1 7200000 2000 8064000 2240 US ton/s 0.000248 1 0.001163 0.907184 3657.4805 951019.001000 1 1000 0.252 1 859.000278 1.32 0.000277778 3.1605 3600 1 127116 m3/s 0.000001 0.282235 1000 0.2388 238.163 kW MW kcal/hr 0.32 1000 US gal 0.201 26929.31 m3 0.4 907.969 ft3/s 0.624 0.2519956 1016.03412 1 0.000000000478 0.004546 0.6 1.22 2997.000000293 0.85 23885 0.0000001 0.9842073 0.3656 0.10551 0.902958 0.000000001 0.1 100000 3967.001 1 0.002078 264.766 1.00001 0.007866667 1000 0.307 1.
............ No: NI08192 Registered in Northern Ireland Registered Office: Airport Road West Belfast..................... ................................................................................................... .......................................... ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................ No: 15249 Registered in Dublin Registered office: Long Mile Road..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... Name: ........................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... Dublin 12 Calor Gas Northern Ireland Limited Tel: (028) 90455588 Company Reg.............................. ... ................................ ...............................................: Dublin (01) 4505000.................................................... (01) 450 5000 Company Reg............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30 31 ........................................Contact Us Notes For General Enquiries....... ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................ If there are no contact details please telephone Calor Customer Services Dept............................................................................. contact your Calor Contact on the number below: ..... ................................... Tel: ....................................................................................... You can also e-mail us at: info@calorgas....................................... please call: Belfast Dublin All gas orders Bulk gas orders Cylinder gas orders Bulk gas orders Cylinder gas orders 028 9045 8888 01 855 5451 01 459 7777 021 4509691 021 4661269 ................................................ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... please call: Calor Teoranta Tel............................................................................................................ ....................... ..................................ie If you are an existing customer and you wish to place an order for gas...................................................... Belfast (028) 90455588 ................................................................................................................. Cork Calor Contact If you have any questions............................................................. BT3 9EE ................................... ..........
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