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Brown coals and lignites Determination of humic acids - PDF
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1 Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5073 Third edition Brown coals and lignites Determination of humic acids Charbons bruns et lignites Dosage des acides humiques Reference number ISO 5073:2013(E) ISO 2013
2 ISO 5073:2013(E) Provläsningsexemplar / Preview COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO s member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel Fax Web Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2013 All rights reserved
3 Provläsningsexemplar / Preview ISO 5073:2013(E) Contents Page Foreword...iv Introduction...v 1 Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Principle Total humic acids Free humic acid Reagents Apparatus Sample Procedure Extraction of total humic acids Extraction of free humic acid Determination of humic acids in extracts Expression of results Precision of the method Repeatability limit Test report... 5 Annex A (normative) Determination of the ratio of carbon content of humic acids of brown coals and lignites... 6 ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii
4 ISO 5073:2013(E) Provläsningsexemplar / Preview Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5073 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Methods of analysis. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5073:1999), of which this constitutes a minor revision. iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved
5 Provläsningsexemplar / Preview ISO 5073:2013(E) Introduction In this International Standard, humic acids are determined by the volumetric method with titration of extracts. The test is empirical and, in order to ensure producible results, it is essential that the composition of the extraction solution, the temperature and the time of extraction be carefully controlled. The value 0,59, which is the average ratio of carbon content of humic acids for many brown coals and lignites, has been proved to be applicable. Another value may also be used, predetermined as described in Annex A, and applicable to different countries or locations. ISO 2013 All rights reserved v
7 Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5073:2013(E) Brown coals and lignites Determination of humic acids 1 Scope This International Standard specifies volumetric methods for the determination of a) total humic acids, and b) free humic acid, of brown coals and lignites. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1171, Solid mineral fuels Determination of ash ISO , Solid mineral fuels Vocabulary Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis ISO , Brown coals and lignites Determination of moisture content Part 2: Indirect gravimetric method for moisture in the analysis sample ISO , Brown coals and lignites Principles of sampling Part 2: Sample preparation for determination of moisture content and for general analysis 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO and the following apply. 3.1 humic acids group of complex organic, amorphous compounds of high relative molecular mass which occur as free acid and as metal salts (humates) 3.2 total humic acids humic acids extracted by an alkaline sodium pyrophosphate solution 3.3 free humic acid humic acid extracted by a sodium hydroxide solution 4 Principle 4.1 Total humic acids Extraction of an analysis sample of coal is carried out with an alkaline sodium pyrophosphate solution. Carbon in the humic acid extracts is oxidized with potassium dichromate followed by titration of the excess dichromate with ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1
8 ISO 5073:2013(E) Provläsningsexemplar / Preview 4.2 Free humic acid Extraction of an analysis sample of coal is carried out with a sodium hydroxide solution. Carbon in the humic acid extracts is oxidized with potassium dichromate followed by titration of the excess dichromate with ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution. 5 Reagents 5.1 Sodium pyrophosphate, alkaline extraction solution. Dissolve 15 g of crystalline sodium pyrophosphate (Na 4 P 2 O 7 10H 2 O) and 7 g of sodium hydroxide in 1 l of water. 5.2 Sodium hydroxide solution. Dissolve 10 g of sodium hydroxide in 1 l of water. 5.3 Potassium dichromate standard solution, c(1/6 K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) = 0,1 mol/l. Dissolve 4,903 6 g of potassium dichromate, previously dried at 130 C, in water. Transfer to a 1 l volumetric flask and dilute to the mark with water. 5.4 Potassium dichromate oxidizing solution, c(1/6 K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) = 0,4 mol/l. Dissolve 20 g of potassium dichromate in 1 l of water. 5.5 Ammonium ferrous sulfate titration solution, c[(nh 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 ] = 0,1mol/l. Dissolve 40 g of ammonium ferrous sulfate in 1 l of water. Add 20 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid. Store in a dark bottle. Standardize the ammonium ferrous sulfate titration solution against the c(1/6 K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) = 0,1 mol/l potassium dichromate standard solution (5.3) for each batch of samples to be analysed. Pipette 25 ml of potassium dichromate standard solution (5.3) into a 300 ml conical flask. Add 70 ml to 80 ml of water. Carefully add 10 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 3 drops of 1,10 phenantholine indicator. After cooling, titrate with the ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution to a red colour. Calculate the concentration, in moles per litre, of the ammonium ferrous sulfate solution as follows: c = 0,1 25/V where c V is the concentration, expressed in moles per litre, of the ammonium ferrous sulfate solution; is the volume of ammonium ferrous sulfate solution required for the titration ,10-Phenanthroline indicator. Dissolve 1,5 g of 1,10-phenanthroline and 1 g of ammonium ferrous sulfate in 100 ml of water. Store in a dark bottle. 5.7 Sulfuric acid, concentrated, ρ 20 = 1,84 g/ml. 2 ISO 2013 All rights reserved
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