Source: http://arbitration-poland.com/key-issues/122,new_york_convention.html
Timestamp: 2017-10-17 13:27:20
Document Index: 9655922

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 1145', 'Art. 1146', 'Art. 13', '§2', 'Art. 3983', '§1', 'Art. 13', '§2', 'Art. 1147', '§1', 'Art. 13', '§2', 'Art. 248', 'Art. 248', 'Art. 1105', '§2', 'Art. 1105', '§ 1', 'Art. 1105', '§1', 'Art. 697', '§1', 'Art. 1105', '§2', 'Art. 1105', '§2']

arbitration-poland.com - Key Issues - New York Convention
All documents for the issue: 76
Case law: 14 | Bibliography: 59 | Publications ADR. Arbitraż i Mediacja: 3
Judgment of the Court of Justice of 13 May 2015, Gazprom
Key issues: New York Convention, jurisdiction of arbitral tribunal, recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration award
Supreme Court of Poland order dated 23 January 2015 Case No. V CSK 672/13
1. Interpretations of Art. IV of the New York Convention must reflect its functional connection with Art. II of the convention, which specifies the requirements for an agreement including an arbitration clause. Art. II(2) of the New York Convention provides that an “agreement in writing” for purposes of Art. I(1) [sic—Art. II(1)] shall include an arbitral clause in a contract or an arbitration agreement for example in the form of an exchange of letters or telegrams. It is beyond dispute that Art. II(2) of the New York Convention contains an autonomous regulation of arbitration agreements. It is commonly accepted in the case law and commentaries that the wording of Art. II(2) of the New York Convention calls for a liberal understanding of the concept of an “agreement in writing” as the requirement for effectiveness of an arbitration clause, and requires an acceptance that the parties have freedom with respect to selection of the form of the agreement in which they submit to the jurisdiction of the arbitration court. It is thus possible to conclude such agreement also using means of reaching agreement at a distance, e.g. by an exchange of faxes or statements by email. Following this line, the view that is aptly presented in the commentaries is that the applicant fulfils the requirement of submission of the agreement in the original if it files a document which constitutes evidence of conclusion of the specific agreement, regardless of its form. Thus it is obvious that to evaluate whether the applicant has filed the required document concerning the agreement containing the arbitration clause, it was necessary to determine whether the form of the document is consistent with the manner in which the agreement was concluded. Written form of the agreement is not excluded, for example, if the respondent in the proceeding sent a fax of the text of the agreement signed by it, and the applicant placed its signature on that.
2. A condition of recognition or enforcement of an arbitration award should be the existence of the arbitration agreement, and not submission of a document confirming its conclusion. For this reason the position is also presented that the applicant’s failure to submit the agreement referred to in Art. IV of the New York Convention does not prevent granting the application if the existence of the clause for arbitration before a foreign arbitration court is undisputed.
Key issues: New York Convention, arbitration agreement, recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration award
Katowice Court of Appeal order dated 12 December 2012 Case No. V ACz 914/12
1. The ineffectiveness of an arbitration clause results from events arising after the clause is made which nonetheless do not affect its validity. It must be stressed in this respect that the arbitration clause itself is treated as an act of a dual nature, that is, of both substantive and procedural law. This leads to the conclusion that when making an arbitration clause, the parties can condition its effectiveness, as with any other contract, on the passage of a certain time or fulfilment of a certain suspensory condition. The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of [Foreign] Arbitral Awards, in particular Art. II, does not provide for limitations in this respect. On the contrary, Art. II(2) indicates a broad interpretation of the concept of “agreement in writing under which the parties undertake to submit to arbitration all or any differences”, which justifies the conclusion that this wording is not infringed by introduction into the agreement of regulations prior to the arbitration proceeding.
2. The essence of the New York Convention is the requirement for the parties to proceed in accordance with good faith and fair practice, and thus a prohibition against acting contrary to these principles. This interpretation stands in the way of actions disloyal to the other participants and the arbitration court, and deprives of justification objections by a party to the proceeding of the non-existence or invalidity of the arbitration clause in a proceeding for recognition or enforcement of an arbitration award in Poland, even though preclusion of such an objection is not expressly provided for in the regulations of the convention, if the party joined issue on the merits of the dispute before the arbitration court without asserting the court’s lack of jurisdiction.
Polish Supreme Court order dated 13 September 2012 Case No. V CSK 323/11
1. A proceeding for recognition and enforcement of foreign rulings is a proceeding on the merits of the case, which is based on substantive law…. The court of appeal could therefore apply the law of the [New York] Convention as the applicable substantive law.
2. Art. II(2) [of the New York Convention] is more liberal, also permitting conclusion of an arbitration clause by electronic means, even without the signatures of the parties. This is also a fundamental provision, determining the permissible form of the agreement, while the requirements connected with submission of the arbitration agreement included in Art. IV( 1) should be considered in light of the form in which the agreement could be concluded. Consequently, Art. IV is derivative in nature and thus cannot undermine the rationale of the rule set forth in Art. II of the convention.
3. A party which joined issue on the merits of the dispute before the arbitration court without alleging the lack of jurisdiction of such court (e.g. because of the ineffectiveness of the clause) loses such allegation in the proceeding for recognition or enforcement of the arbitration award before the national court. … The essence of the New York Convention is a requirement for the parties to act in accordance with principles of good faith and fair dealing, and hence a prohibition against acting in violation of such principles. Such interpretation frustrates actions disloyal to the other parties and the arbitration court, causing unnecessary costs and a waste of time. There is no concern in this respect that the party’s procedural rights will be limited, because the party decides on the arbitration clause autonomously.
Warsaw Appellate Court order dated 18 October 2011 Case No. I ACz 1627/11
1. Although the court ruling on an application for enforcement of an arbitration award is not bound in any respect by the ruling of the Vienna Commercial Court in the action to set aside the arbitration award, it must not be ignored that the New York Convention provides grounds for the domestic court deciding on enforcement of a foreign arbitration award to consider, upon application of a party, a ruling setting aside the arbitration award as grounds to refuse enforcement of the award.
2. If a proceeding to set aside or stay enforcement of an arbitration award is only pending, that does not justify refusal to issue or confirm the enforceability of the award, but may justify postponing a decision on the matter.
Key issues: New York Convention, arbitration agreement
Polish Supreme Court order dated 18 January 2007 Case No. I CSK 330/06
1. The fact that the New York Convention defines “substantive” grounds for recognition ... does not change the fact that a proceeding for recognition of a foreign arbitration award must be conducted in accordance with the regulations governing the course of such proceedings, set forth partially in the convention and otherwise in the Civil Procedure Code (Art. 1145–1149, excluding Art. 1146, concerning grounds for recognition, and regulations concerning trials under Art. 13 §2). In terms of the grounds for cassation, it should be concluded that allegations concerning violation of “substantive” conditions for recognition should be asserted under the first ground for cassation (Civil Procedure Code Art. 3983 §1(1) in connection with Art. 13 §2).
2. A proceeding for recognition of a foreign ruling is a specific type of judicial proceeding generally taking a bilateral form. Those who must participate in the proceeding, apart from the movant, whose source of standing to bring suit is a legal interest (Civil Procedure Code Art. 1147 §1), include all of the persons taking part in the foreign proceeding as a party or respondent, as they are subject to the substantive legal finality of the ruling; then they have standing to be sued. This applies respectively to any legal successors of such persons if they are subject to the substantive legal finality of the ruling undergoing recognition. An exception from this rule may be allowed only in a situation in which the motion for recognition of the foreign ruling would concern part of the decision set forth in the ruling and the part does not refer to all the parties or respondents. In such case, it should be found that participation in the proceeding for recognition is necessary only for the parties or respondents in the foreign proceeding affected by the part of the ruling that is included in the motion for recognition.
3. Regulations concerning trials apply as relevant to a proceeding for recognition of a foreign ruling (Civil Procedure Code Art. 13 §2). The specific nature of such proceeding consists in the fact that it does not decide on the rights and obligations of the parties, but whether the ruling issued abroad is to be effective in Poland. For this reasons regulations concerning principal and auxiliary intervention cannot be applicable.
Polish Supreme Court order dated 3 November 2004 (Case No. III CK 510/03)
1. An agreement to submit a dispute to an arbitration court for resolution is a form of evidence because it demonstrates that the parties are subject to an arbitration clause under which an arbitration award was issued, and one of the conditions for enforcement of a foreign arbitration award is for the movant to demonstrate that the parties were bound by such an agreement.
2. If a specific provision imposes on a given person an obligation to present documents as evidence, there is no justification for applying Civil Procedure Code Art. 248. For this reason, Art. 248 does not apply in a proceeding for enforcement of a foreign arbitration award insofar as Art. IV(1)(b) of the [New York] Convention, as a specific regulation, imposes on the movant the obligation to present the original or a certified copy of the agreement to submit the dispute to the arbitration court for resolution. In a proceeding for recognition or enforcement of an arbitration award conducted under the Convention, the arbitration agreement thus constitutes a condition for granting the motion.
Polish Supreme Court order dated 29 August 2000 Case No. I CKN 240/00
1. Because the respondent signed the contract, and it was undisputed that the contract was previously signed by the claimant, an “agreement in writing” was established as referred to in Art. II(2) and Art. V(1)(a) of the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards dated 10 June 1958 ([promulgated in Poland at] Journal of Laws Dz.U. 1962 No. 9 item 41) and in the section of the Ukrainian Code of Procedure governing the rules of the arbitration court ..., and in denying the interlocutory appeal against the order enforcing the award of the Ukrainian arbitration court the appellate court did not violate these provisions.
2. Civil Procedure Code Art. 1105 §2 governs matters subject to consideration in the situation provided for in Art. V(2)(a) of the [New York] Convention, and not in the situation governed by Art. V(1)(a) of the Convention.
Polish Supreme Court judgment dated 16 February 1999 Case No. I CKN 1020/98
1. An agreement vesting jurisdiction in a foreign court or an arbitration court operating abroad (Civil Procedure Code Art. 1105 §§ 1 and 2) must be preceded by the existence of domestic jurisdiction. Exclusive jurisdiction of a Polish court may, however, constitute a barrier to effective conclusion of an agreement on jurisdiction. But such barrier functions only with respect to vesting jurisdiction in a foreign state court (Civil Procedure Code Art. 1105 §1, second sentence) and does not apply with respect to vesting jurisdiction in a foreign arbitration court, which is subject only to the limitations provided in Civil Procedure Code Art. 697 §1.
2. The requirement of “foreign status” of one of the parties as a condition for the permissibility of an arbitration clause as provided for in Civil Procedure Code Art. 1105 §2, refers to the phase of conclusion of the agreement on jurisdiction, and thus applies to the parties to such agreement and not the parties to the dispute covered by the arbitration clause.
3. Civil Procedure Code Art. 1105 §2 also applies to multilateral agreements. ... In the case of a multilateral agreement, it may happen that a foreign arbitration court has jurisdiction to hear a dispute between parties that are domestic entities.
Key issues: New York Convention, arbitration agreement, jurisdiction of arbitral tribunal
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards under the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards and the Code of Civil Procedure [Original title: Uznawanie i wykonywanie zagranicznych orzeczeń arbitrażowych na gruncie Konwencji o uznawaniu i wykonywaniu zagranicznych orzeczeń arbitrażowych oraz Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego]
[in:] J. Olszewski, B. Fuchs (eds.), Arbitration. Between Theory and Practice [Arbitraż. Między teorią a praktyką], Rzeszów 2014, p. 64-74
Application of the New York Convention of 10 June 1958 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in Polish Practice on the Example of the Supreme Court Case Law [Original title: Stosowanie Konwencji nowojorskiej z 10 czerwca 1958 r. o uznawaniu i wykonywaniu zagranicznych wyroków arbitrażowych w praktyce polskiej na przykładzie orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego]
PS 2010, No. 11-12, p. 141-150
[in:] K. Drličková, T. Kyselovská (red.) Resolution of International Disputes. Public Law in the Context of Immigration Crisis, COFOLA INTERNATIONAL 2016, Conference proceedings, Acta Universitatis Brunensis, Vol. 562, Brno 2016, p. 38-55
[in:] Bělohlávek Alexander J., Rozehnalová Naděžda (eds), Czech (& Central European) Yearbook of Arbitration. Conduct of Arbitration, The Hague 2017, Vol. VII, p. 153-169
Key issues: New York Convention, arbitration procedure, recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration award
Complicated Relations Between Court and Arbitration Proceedings under the Brussels I Bis Regulation [Original title: Skomplikowane relacje postępowań sądowych i arbitrażowych na gruncie rozporządzenia Bruksela I bis]
PEP 2015, No 1(127), p. 20-22
Forms of the Arbitration Agreement under the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards [Original title: Forma umowy o arbitraż wedle konwencji nowojorskiej o uznawaniu i wykonywaniu zagranicznych orzeczeń arbitrażowych]
PPHZ 2000, No. 19-20, p. 135-153
Review of the Rulings of the Supreme Court and of Appellate Courts [Original title: Przegląd orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego i sądów apelacyjnych]
Biul. Arb. 2013, No. 20, p. 93-95
Key issues: New York Convention, arbitration agreement, jurisdiction of arbitral tribunal, recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration award
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards made in New York, on 10 June 1958 [Original title: Konwencja o uznawaniu i wykonywaniu zagranicznych orzeczeń arbitrażowych sporządzona w Nowym Jorku dnia 10 czerwca 1958]
PHZ 1962, No. 1, p. 63-66
Key issues: New York Convention
Law Applicable to the Assessment of the Effects of a Recognised International Arbitration Award [Original title: Prawo właściwe do oceny skutków uznawanego międzynarodowego wyroku arbitrażowego]
[in:] Józef Okolski (chair), Andrzej Całus, Maksymilian Pazdan, Stanisław Sołtysiński, Tomasz Wardyński, Stanisław Włodyka (ed.) Essays in Honour of 60 years of the Court of Arbitration at the Polish Chamber of Commerce in Warsaw [Księga pamiątkowa 60-lecia Sądu Arbitrażowego przy Krajowej Izbie Gospodarczej w Warszawie], Warszawa 2010, p. 573-585
Key issues: New York Convention, arbitration award, recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration award
An Arbitration Agreement in the Polish Private International Law – with Comparative Comments [Original title: Umowa o arbitraż w polskim prawie prywatnym międzynarodowym - z uwagami porównawczymi]
SPP 2013, No. 1, p. 9-34
Effects of Foreign Arbitral Award in Poland [Original title: Skutki zagranicznego orzeczenia arbitrażowego w Polsce]
PPH 2014, No. 6, s. 5-10
Refusal to Recognize (Enforce) a Foreign Arbitration Award under Article V of the New York Convention [Original title: Odmowa uznania (wykonania) zagranicznego orzeczenia arbitrażowego na podstawie art. V Konwencji nowojorskiej]
[in:] J. Gudowski, K. Weitz (ed.), Aurea praxis, aurea theoria. Księga pamiątkowa ku czci Profesora Tadeusza Erecińskiego, tom II [Aurea praxis, aurea theoria. A Commemorative Volume in Honour of Professor Tadeusz Ereciński, Vol. II], Warszawa 2011, p. 1799-1811
Arbitration Clauses in Foreign Non-Public Trade Sector Contracts [Original title: Klauzule arbitrażowe w kontraktach handlu zagranicznego sektora nieuspołecznionego]
Handel Zagraniczny 1984, No. 2, p. 22-24
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards [Original title: Konwencja o uznawaniu i wykonywaniu zagranicznych orzeczeń arbitrażowych]
PiP 1961, No. 11, p. 738-750
The New York Convention on Pursuing Alimony Claims Abroad [Original title: Konwencja nowojorska o dochodzeniu roszczeń alimentacyjnych za granicą]
NP 1962, No. 6, p. 781-789
The Brussels I bis Regulation and the New York Convention [Original title: Rozporządzenie Bruksela I bis a Konwencja nowojorska]
[in:] Poczobut Jerzy, Wiśniewski Andrzej W. (eds), Private Law and Arbitration. Commemorative Volume Dedicated to Dr. Maciej Tomaszewski [Original title: Prawo prywatne i arbitraż. Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana doktorowi Maciejowi Tomaszewskiemu], Warszawa 2016, p. 384-400
Enforceability of Foreign Arbitration Awards on the Basis of the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards [Original title: Wykonalność orzeczeń zagranicznych sądów polubownych na podstawie Konwencji nowojorskiej o uznawaniu i wykonywaniu orzeczeń arbitrażowych]
MoP 2004, No. 5, p. 237-241
Consequences of Engaging in a Dispute before the Arbitration Court Abroad Despite the Lack of an Effective Arbitration Agreement. A Commentary to the Supreme Court Decision of 13 September 2012, file no. V CSK 323/11 [Original title: Skutki wdania się w spór przed arbitrażem za granicą pomimo braku skutecznej umowy o arbitraż. Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 13 września 2012 r., V CSK 323/11]
PPC 2013, No. 4, p. 571-582
Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Awards on the Basis of the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards [Original title: Wykonywanie orzeczeń zagranicznych sądów polubownych na podstawie konwencji nowojorskiej o uznawaniu i wykonywaniu zagranicznych orzeczeń arbitrażowych]
[in:] Dorota Czura-Kalinowska (ed.), Mediation and Arbitration as a Means of Amicable Dispute Resolution [Mediacja i arbitraż jako sposoby polubownego rozstrzygania sporów], Poznań 2009, p. 247-258
The Law Applicable to the Effects of an Arbitral Award [Original title: Prawo właściwe dla skutków orzeczenia arbitrażowego]
Arbitration e-Review 2014, No. 3-4, p. 41-61
Żywicki Władysław, Zygucki Jakub
The Problem of Pathological Arbitration Clauses in the Light of the New York Convention [Original title: Problem patologicznych klauzuli arbitrażowych w świetle przepisów Konwencji Nowojorskiej]
[in:] A. Garnuszek, L. Mazur, A. Orzeł (eds.), Quo Vadis, Arbitrażu? Quo Vadis, Arbitration?, Warszawa 2013, p. 697-709
ADR. Arbitraż i Mediacja 2008, No. 4 (4)
Selected Issues of Application of the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards [Original title: Wybrane zagadnienia stosowania Konwencji nowojorskiej o uznawaniu i wykonywaniu zagranicznych orzeczeń arbitrażowych]