Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20040032354?dq=5,381,459
Timestamp: 2016-08-27 10:27:23
Document Index: 538913799

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'art 700', 'art 1700']

Patent US20040032354 - Multi-band ultra-wide band communication method and system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention provides ultra-wide band communication systems and methods, including multi-band ultra-wide band communication systems and methods. Methods and systems are provided in which frequency sub-bands of an ultra-wide band spectrum are allocated for signal transmission. An ultra-wide band...http://www.google.com/patents/US20040032354?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20040032354 - Multi-band ultra-wide band communication method and systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20040032354 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/603,372Publication dateFeb 19, 2004Filing dateJun 25, 2003Priority dateAug 16, 2002Also published asUS7221911, WO2004017547A2, WO2004017547A3Publication number10603372, 603372, US 2004/0032354 A1, US 2004/032354 A1, US 20040032354 A1, US 20040032354A1, US 2004032354 A1, US 2004032354A1, US-A1-20040032354, US-A1-2004032354, US2004/0032354A1, US2004/032354A1, US20040032354 A1, US20040032354A1, US2004032354 A1, US2004032354A1InventorsYaron Knobel, Gadi Shor, David Yaish, Sorin Goldenberg, Amir Krause, Erez WienbergerOriginal AssigneeYaron Knobel, Gadi Shor, David Yaish, Sorin Goldenberg, Amir Krause, Erez WienbergerExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (9), Referenced by (99), Classifications (16), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMulti-band ultra-wide band communication method and system
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT [0081] In the following description of the preferred embodiment, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration a specific embodiment in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. [0082] [0082]FIGS. 1 and 2 are timing diagrams that depict examples of existing transmission techniques that can be used in spread spectrum techniques. Specifically, FIG. 1 is a timing diagram that depicts characteristics 100 of an existing direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) transmission technique utilizing a binary phase shift keying modulation technique, and FIG. 2 is a timing diagram that depicts characteristics 200 of an existing pulse position transmission technique. [0083] In FIG. 1, as shown by the transmitted signal, or TX signal 102, the DSSS transmission techniques utilize continuous transmission of BPSK modulated signal. As with spread spectrum systems generally, each bit of information is represented by a number of transmitted chips. It is to be noted that, in the usual computer parlance, a bit is the smallest unit of information, and a binary bit is usually represented as a “0” or a “1”. In this usual computer parlance, a chip is in fact a bit. Typically in spread spectrum system parlance, however, the term “bit” is utilized to mean a bit of information before spreading, and the term “chip” is typically utilized to mean a bit of information after spreading, which is utilized in combination with other chips to represent a single bit of information existing prior to spreading. [0084] [0084]FIG. 2 depicts characteristics 200 of a prior art pulse transmission, including transmitted signal, or TX signal 202. As depicted in transmitted signal 202, the signal consists of intermittent pulses 204A, 204B, each of the pulses 204A, 204B being used to transmit one or more bits of information (the term “bit” as used in this paragraph having a meaning in accordance with typical computer parlance, meaning any smallest unit of information). Pulse transmission techniques, in which intermittent single bits are transmitted, can be used in spread spectrum as well as non-spread spectrum techniques, and with modulation techniques such as pulse amplitude modulation, pulse position modulation (PPM), or other pulse timing based modulation. [0085] [0085]FIG. 3 is a timing diagram that depicts characteristics 300 of a burst symbol cycle based transmission 304, according to one embodiment of the invention. A burst symbol cycle based transmission 304 is depicted. Each burst symbol cycle includes an ON period during which a number of chips representing a bit of information are transmitted using an ultra-wide band signal, and an OFF period during which no signal is transmitted. In this embodiment, each burst symbol cycle is used to transmit a number of chips which represent a bit. As depicted, burst symbol cycle 302 includes ON period 308 followed by OFF period 310. As depicted, each ON period transmission 306A, 306B contains a number of consecutive, uninterrupted transmitted chips 306. In the embodiment depicted, binary phase shift keying (BPSK) is used to modulate the transmitted signal 304 to carry the chips. In other embodiments of the invention, however, many other forms of modulation can be utilized, including other phase modulation techniques such as quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK), position based modulation, combinations of phase and position based modulation, and various other modulation techniques, including various modulation techniques typically associated with narrow band transmission systems. For example, in some embodiments, narrowband signals are translated into a series of burst symbol cycles and can be transformed into a UWB signal, which techniques can include multiplication of the narrowband signal by a wideband burst symbol cycle signal (which can be either a carrier based or non-carrier based signal, as further described in Appendix C of previously incorporated by reference U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/404,070), or even a general wavelet. [0086] In some embodiments of the invention, information to be transmitted is translated into a symbol, the symbol being a sequence of bits that maps to, or is used to represent, one or more bits of information to be transmitted. The bit sequence is generally different than the one or more bits of information, but, in some embodiments, can be identical. In addition, in some embodiments, in which the bit sequence is identical to the one or more bits of information to be transmitted, mapping can be unnecessary (both on a transmitting and receiving end), and therefore not included. As such, in some embodiments, the term “symbol” can simply include signals or bits of information to be transmitted or received. [0087] Generally, however, bits of information are mapped to one or more symbols, and the symbols are transmitted during an ON period. On a receiving end, the one or more symbols are received during an ON period, and then mapped, or decoded, to the one or more bits of information the symbols are used to represent. Although generally a symbol maps to one or more bits of information, it is to be noted that, in some embodiments of the invention, more than one symbol or burst can be used to represent a single bit of information. [0088] In some embodiments, the bit sequences of the symbols can be chosen or varied to control or create trade-offs between system parameters. For example, peak to average power ratio and spectral shaping or widening can be controlled by such techniques. It is to be noted that, in some embodiments of the invention, sequences do not have to be repeated or constant, but can change between, for example, bits or groups of bits, packets, or cells. It is to be noted, however, that, in some embodiments of the invention, other techniques besides sequencing related techniques can be used to control various system parameters, including the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, or OFDM, as discussed subsequently herein. [0089] Furthermore, in some embodiments, each burst can be transmitted using a different frequency or frequency range, or in more than one frequency or frequency range, or in different positions, including, for example, embodiments of the invention using two-plane transmitting. [0090] In addition, in some embodiments of the invention, lengths of ON periods and lengths of OFF periods change from cycle to cycle. [0091] In general, burst symbol cycle transmission, according to various embodiments of the invention, provide greater flexibility and control of system parameters, including bit rates, and duty cycles. For example, pulse transmission generally uses either pulse position modulation or pulse amplitude modulation. The relatively simple pulse transmission techniques do not allow the degree of control over system parameters as do the techniques of the present invention. In addition, various narrowband and spread spectrum techniques also do not allow such control. For example, spread spectrum DSSS techniques generally provide lower peak power than, for example, pulse transmission techniques, but higher overall power consumption. Pulse transmission techniques, conversely, provide lower overall power consumption than DSSS techniques, but higher peak power. In addition, in some embodiments of the invention, spectral shaping is controlled by selecting polarity of signals of an ON period of a burst symbol cycle, which is an advantage over pulse transmission techniques, which have a constant spectral shape that cannot be controlled in the manner just described. In addition, some embodiments of the present invention provide advantageous trade off control capability, in comparison with DSSS techniques and pulse techniques, with respect to other parameters, including, for example, filtering, switching. Various embodiments of the present invention, however, allow trade off and control between such parameters, which degree of control is unavailable in existing techniques. [0092] In some embodiments, a continuous or other non-burst symbol cycle data stream or signal is translated into burst symbol cycles before being transmitted. For example, various narrowband transmissions can be converted into wideband burst symbol cycle signals according to the methods of the present invention. By such techniques, the advantages of transmission and reception according to some embodiments of the present invention can be gained, which advantages would be unavailable if information is transmitted and received by existing narrowband techniques. As described in more detail herein, some embodiments of the invention include translating a narrowband signal into a series of burst symbol cycles by multiplying the continuous signal by a burst symbol cycle signal (which can be either a carrier based or non-carrier based signal, or a as further described in Appendix C of previously incorporated by reference U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/404,070), or even a general wavelet. Such techniques can be used, in some embodiments of the invention, to translate a narrowband signal into a wideband or a UWB signal. [0093] In some embodiments of the invention, blocks of a narrowband signal are transmitted at a faster rate than in the original narrowband signal, thus widening the spectrum of the signal, without multiplication by a wider band signal. [0094] In some embodiments of the invention in which information is transmitted (or received) at a faster rate than in an original narrowband signal, blocks of information can be transmitted (or received) in the form of burst symbol cycles including an ON period during which the information of the block is transmitted, followed by an OFF period to fill the remainder of time that would be required for the block of information to be transmitted in the original narrowband signal. Alternatively, a portion of the remainder of time can be used to transmit signal, such as a repeated block or blocks of information, a different block or blocks of information, a partial block or blocks of information, or a varied form of block or blocks of information, such that the OFF period of each cycle is of shorter duration. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the entire remainder period can be used to transmit signal, such that instead of a series of burst symbol cycles, a continuous signal is transmitted. [0095] It is to be noted that the methods of the invention can be used to advantage in wired as well as wireless systems, including wired UWB systems and implementations. It is to be noted, however, that the methods of the invention include embodiments in which no narrowband or other continuous or non-continuous data stream is converted. It is further to be noted that the invention contemplated embodiments including a carrier signal as well as embodiments that do not include a carrier signal (see Appendix C of previously incorporated by reference U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/404,070 for further discussion and examples of carrier and non-carrier based embodiments of the invention). [0096] It is to be noted that, generally, burst symbol cycle transmission causes a wider spectral band than continuous or other non-burst symbol cycle transmissions. For example, translating narrowband data streams into burst symbol cycles generally causes widening of the spectrum utilized. As such, although the techniques of various embodiments of the invention can be applied and are useful in non-UWB contexts, the techniques are generally especially advantageous when utilized for wireless UWB communication, since, among other things, the techniques generally lend themselves best to very wide band communication systems, and also help widen the used spectral bandwidth. [0097] In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3, burst symbol cycle transmission is utilized in a spread spectrum context. As used herein, the term, “spread spectrum” is not limited to existing spread spectrum techniques, but rather includes any technique, including new techniques as described herein, in which some or several aspects of spread spectrum methodology is a part. In some embodiments, such as the spread spectrum based embodiment depicted in FIG. 3, power control can be implemented by, for example, changing the number of chips per bit. [0098] To support and enable transmissions to multiple different receiving entities, such as, for example, digital or computerized devices, and different chip polarity patterns and sequence positions can be utilized for identification of certain transmitted information as being intended for a particular receiving entity or entities. Such techniques can be utilized to facilitate communication between many users or devices, including multiple cells of users or devices, each cell containing multiple users or devices. Sequences can be the same for all transmitted bits for an intended receiving entity, or can change every bit. Sequences that can be so utilized include, for example, pseudonoise (PN) sequences, Barker sequences, Gold sequences, Kasami sequences, or others. [0099] UWB transmission systems have various uses. UWB transmission systems are typically within the 0 MHz to 5 GHz band, typically cover a large spectrum of above 20% of the center frequency, and typically radiate a power of approximately 1 mW. UWB systems have in the past been used by for radar and radar-like applications, allowing penetration of thick obstacles such as building walls. UWB is also known to provide high resistance against detection and interception, high multipath immunity, high throughput, and precision ranging and localization. Decreased restriction on the use of UWB is expected in the near future. [0100] The present invention provides UWB based communication methods and systems. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods for UWB based communication in which information is transmitted as described with reference to FIG. 3, utilizing a continuous series of burst symbol cycles, each burst symbol cycle including an ON period during which a number of chips representing a bit of information are transmitted using an ultra-wide band signal, and an OFF period during which no signal is transmitted. In some embodiments, narrowband signals are translated into a series of wider band or wide band burst symbol cycles, or are transformed into a UWB signal, and techniques used can include multiplication of the narrowband signal by a burst symbol cycle signal (which can be either a carrier based or non-carrier based signal, or a as further described in Appendix C of previously incorporated by reference U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/404,070), or even a general wavelet. In some embodiments, a duration of each ON and OFF period is varied, such as by using a fast variable ON period, to provide optimal performance based on variable parameters, such as range, transfer rate, or maximum power usage rate limitations or requirements. In some embodiments, the methods and systems provide advantages that can include high data transfer rate capability, low power usage, security, low interference susceptibility, low cost implementation, flexibility, adaptability, and adaptive trade-off capabilities relating to parameters such as power usage, range, and transfer rates. [0101] In some embodiments, the invention provides a system for UWB based, high data transfer rate wireless communication between digital devices, such as, for example, digital devices within a local area such as a home, a building or several buildings, and the system utilizing burst symbol cycle transmission techniques or modulation techniques as described above, or both. In some embodiments, the system further provides the advantages of modularity, auto-configuration, usability in various network topologies, and usability in a wide range of entertainment and computing applications that can require high data transfer rates, including multi-streaming of high quality audio and video, and broadband multimedia applications. [0102] In some embodiments, the physical components, hardware, software, and programs as described herein are implemented utilizing small, low power modular subunits including PHY, MAC, and protocol stack software. In some embodiments, the subunits connect to digital or computerized devices utilizing standard interfaces, such as USB, IEEE 1394, Ethernet, PCMCIA, etc. In some embodiments, auto-configuration is provided, and power can be supplied from standard interfaces. In some embodiments, subunits or other components are mounted on an antenna. [0103] In some embodiments, the methods and systems of the invention are utilized to support a wide range of simultaneously provided wireless services and applications, providing high data transfer rates and a high degree of reliability and quality. For example, supported applications can include high rate distribution of MPEG-2 channels, high quality broadband and multimedia applications. In some embodiments, 100-500 MB/sec or greater maximum transfer rates can be achieved. In some embodiments, higher or middle rate services can be supported for ranges up to about 15-20 meters, and middle or lower rate services for ranges of about 30-50 meters or more. In some embodiments, the invention supports up to at least three independent cells with overlap in a typical building, and supports non-interfering co-existence with other wireless systems in typical environments and use conditions. [0104] FIGS. 4-6 are block diagrams that illustrate certain implementations and embodiments of the invention. FIG. 4 depicts a system 400 that utilizes burst symbol cycle transmission and reception, according to one embodiment of the invention. Herein, a burst symbol cycle transmission generally includes a transmission including a continuous series of burst symbol cycles. As depicted, a burst symbol cycle transmission 402 is wirelessly transmitted from a transmitter 404 and received by a receiver 406. Herein, wireless transmissions and wireless communications refer to transmissions and communications that are sent wirelessly from a transmitting entity to a receiving entity; the terms generally do not refer to internal workings of transmitters, receivers, and transceivers, which can involve wires. [0105] Herein, the terms transmitter, receiver, and transceiver generally include devices that include any and all necessary components necessary to implement the functions of the device, including physical components, such as one or more antennas, as well as computerized or computer hardware, software, and programming. The transmitter 404 and receiver 406 each include one or more antennas 426, 428 for transmitting and receiving burst symbol cycle transmissions in accordance with the invention. The transmitter 404 and receiver 406 each include one or more central processing units (CPUs) 408, 416, and one or more data storage devices 410, 418. The data storage device of the transmitter 404 includes a digital information database 414 and a transmitter program 412. The data storage device of the receiver 406 includes a digital information database 422 and a receiver program 412. Data storage devices as described herein can include various amounts of RAM for storing computer programs and other data. In addition, transmitters, receivers, and transceivers as described herein can include various other components typically associated with transmitters, receivers, and transceivers. In different embodiments, transmitters, receivers, and transceivers as described herein can include special or limited purpose computers, or can include general purpose computers that generally operate under and execute computer programs under the control of an operating system, such as Windows, Macintosh, UNIX, etc. Furthermore, transceivers, as described herein, generally includes a device having the functionality of a transmitter and a receiver as described herein, and any such device is considered to include a transmitter and receiver, whether or not physical or any computerized or programming components of the transmitter and receiver are separate or indistinguishably intermingled. [0106] The transmitter program 412 and the receiver program 416 each generally include all programming and applications, programming or application modules, etc. necessary to implement transmission and reception of burst symbol cycle transmissions, respectively, in accordance with the methods of the invention as described herein. In some embodiments, the transmitter 404, the receiver 406, or each, can be replaced with a transceiver, combining the functionality of both a transmitter and a receiver. [0107] Generally, the computer programs of the present invention are tangibly embodied in a computer-readable medium, e.g., one or more data storage devices attached to a computer. In some embodiments under the control of an operating system, computer programs may be loaded from data storage devices into computer RAM for subsequent execution by the CPU. The computer programs include instructions which, when read and executed by the computer, cause the computer to perform the steps necessary to execute elements of techniques described herein. [0108] The digital information databases 414, 422 of the transmitter 404 and the receiver 422 generally include any and all stored information utilized in the functions of the transmitter 404 and the receiver 406. For example, the digital information database 414 of the transmitter 404 includes stored information to be transmitted to the receiver, as well as any and all stored intermediate, processed, coded, and decoded information, in accordance with the methods of the invention as described herein. The digital information database 422 of the receiver 406 generally include any and all received information, as well as any and all intermediate, processed, coded, and decoded information, in accordance with the methods of the invention as described herein. While not shown, in some embodiments, the transmitter 404, as well as transceivers described herein, can obtain or receive information to be stored in the digital information database 414 from various sources and in various ways, such as by wired communication, wireless communication, reading of an external storage device such as a floppy disk or compact disk, or in any of various other ways. [0109] [0109]FIG. 5 depicts a system 500 that utilizes burst symbol cycle transmission 506 transmitted by a transmitter 506 of a first digital device 502 and received by a receiver 508 of a second digital device 504. As depicted, the transceiver 522 includes a transmitter 510, a receivers 512, one or more CPUs 514, and one or more data storage devices 516. The data storage device 516 includes a transceiver program and a digital information database 520. It is to be understood that the transceiver 522 generally includes any and all components necessary to allow transmission and reception of burst symbol cycle transmissions in accordance with the invention as described herein. Various different configurations are possible in accordance with the invention. For example, the transmitter 510 and receiver 512 and elements thereof can be separate, as shown, or combined, and CPUs and data storage devices can be included in the transmitter as well as in the receiver, or one or more CPUs, data storage devices, and other elements can be utilized to perform transmitter and receiver functions. As depicted, the data storage device 516 of the transceiver 522 includes transceiver program 518 and digital information database 520, which, alone or in combination with elements of the transmitter 510 and the receiver 512, enable to transceiver to perform burst symbol cycle transmission and reception in accordance with the methods of the invention as described herein. [0110] [0110]FIG. 6 depicts a wireless Local area network (LAN) 602 implemented utilizing a gateway server 604 and connecting multiple digital devices 616A, 616B, 616C according to one embodiment of the invention. It is to be noted that, in some embodiments, the invention can be implemented, in a wireless or wired fashion, within or including a personal area network (PAN), or a LAN, or both, or various other types and combinations of networks. The gateway server 604 is a server computer including a CPU 606, a transceiver 608, and a data storage device 610. As depicted, the data storage device includes a digital information database 612 and a home gateway program 614. The gateway server 604 can be an audio/video server or any of various types of servers for various applications. The gateway program 614 generally includes all programming, applications, and programming or application modules necessary to perform the functions of the gateway server 604 as described herein. Specifically, the gateway server 604 is for transmission and reception of burst symbol cycle transmissions as well as management and integration of communication through the wireless LAN 602 to, from, and between the digital devices and the gateway server 604. As depicted, the gateway server 604 coordinates and manages information flow, which can include multiple simultaneous transmissions from transmitting devices intended to be received by one or more particular receiving devices. Arrows 618A, 618B, 618C, and 618D represent burst symbol cycle communications. [0111] In some embodiments, in a system using UWB communication, signals may be transmitted using multiple bands. FIG. 7 depicts a frequency vs. power spectrum magnitude chart 700 of a multi-band UWB implementation, according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment in which the spectrum is divided into a specific number of sub-bands with partial overlap. This divided spectrum has a bandwidth above 500 MHz in order to meet the FCC requirement for UWB. In some embodiments all the bands are used, while in other embodiments the bands are divided into groups. An example depicting two overlapping groups of 15 sub-bands is depicted in FIG. 7. [0112] Various transmission schemes and methods, or combinations thereof, are used in various embodiments of the invention, and are discussed briefly as follows. A band in use can be changed every one or more symbols. Each burst can be transmitted in a different frequency. Each burst can be transmitted in more than one frequency. Additionally, in some embodiments, the frequency or frequencies can be selected according to information to be transmitted, a pseudo-random sequence, or both. The transmission can be continuous, for example, when using the maximal pulse rate, or discontinuous, for example, when using lower rates. Several bands can be used in parallel. The information can be coded on the different bands using any modulation technique including Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Ternary signals, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Pulsed OFDM, multi code (for example, combining of Hadamard sequences), Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) or by selecting the band according to the information. Coding can be added to improve the performance. A difference between different sub-bands can be averaged using channel state information in a transmitter, a receiver, or both. [0113] In embodiments using pulse systems, the pulse repetition interval can be reduced to allow for reduced sampling rates, reduced power consumption, improved inter-symbol interference (ISI) mitigation, improved energy collection and improved multiple-access. [0114] In some embodiments, where the frequency range is divided into sub-bands, two overlapping groups of 15 sub-bands are divided, although use of less than 15 sub-bands in any specific link is possible. As FIG. 7 illustrates, Group A includes 15 Sub-bands with spacing of 470 MHz. Group B also includes 15 Sub-bands, which overlap the first group but are shifted 235 MHz aside. This method enhances system flexibility with respect to co-existence, interference mitigation and multiple-access. Each sub-band is generated by a pulse with 10 dB bandwidth of ˜520 MHz. [0115] Some embodiments provide advantages in interference and co-existing. In some embodiments, one or several bands are eliminated while detecting an in-band interferer like 802.11A. This achieves a better selectivity for out of band interference based on the fact that the bands are narrow relative to a single band system. [0116] In some embodiments, by transmitting each symbol in a different band according to a known sequence, a better resistance to ISI is achieved. This is based on the low pulse repetition interval per sub-band. [0117] In some embodiments, each piconet uses a different time frequency interleaving sequence. The sequence is based on a pseudo-random sequence or a pre-determined sequence. Different phases of the same sequence can also be used in synchronized or semi synchronized cases. In some embodiments, a color code can be added above the sequence to increase the number of possible sequences and piconets. FIG. 8 depicts a table 800 of time-frequency interleaving sequences, and provides an example of the use of 7 bands according to the sequence. The seed sequences of time frequency interleaving are defined in a way that when using two unsynchronized sequences in two piconets only a single collision is expected at all phases. [0118] In some embodiments, the same seed sequence is used for lower pulse repetition intervals, reduced number of sub-bands, or transmission of sub-bands in parallel. [0119] In some embodiments, there is an option to stay in the same frequency for more than one symbol. This improves performance and improves multiple access, allows energy collection, and simplifies the wave generator, for example, by allowing slower frequency switching. [0120] In some embodiments, the bands can be used in a burst mode. Either a burst in a given frequency followed by an off period, or a burst of frequencies followed by an off period. [0121] Some embodiments implement single, double or parallel chains. In many instances, a one receiver option can be the simplest solution and have the best current efficiency. Using parallel receivers with each receiver dedicated for each band enables energy collection for each band. Generally, this option requires a bigger die size and more power. Some embodiments may use two or more chains, which in some circumstances can help mitigate undesirable properties that may be present. [0122] In some embodiments, in order to generate a rake receiver, either parallel receivers are used (e.g. work in parallel on all bands or divide the bands between them), or in the case of lower pulse repetition intervals, the same receiver is used. [0123] [0123]FIG. 9 is a block diagram 900 providing an illustration of a multi-band signal generator according to one embodiment of the invention. At block 901, scrambling is performed (to prevent a sequence of zeros or ones), coding is performed (to correct errors), and interleaving is performed (to eliminate burst of errors). Block 902 contains a stream demultiplexer (for example, a serial to parallel demultiplexer, where each output goes to separate sub-band), and inner coding (where there is a different code or different code rate for each band, and where some sub-bands have a different link budget according to either the frequency attenuation slope in the air or according to interference). Block 903 includes a multiplexer (for example, a parallel to serial multiplexer, with a serial output). Blocks 904 and 905 are IQ modulators where each symbol is modulated on another sub-band. The upper-bands modulator 905 is optional and may be used to transmit two symbols thereby supporting a higher bit rate. [0124] In some embodiments of the invention, an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) system may be used to transmit high bit rate information. In some embodiments, transmitting using UWB, the data stream can or must be transformed. The following discussion provides examples of techniques for transforming data sequences to be transmitted using UWB transmission. According to various embodiments of the invention, transmission schemes can include transmitting on an entire UWB spectrum, or on sub-bands of the UWB spectrum using multi-band UWB. [0125] A transformation can be performed on a data sequence, for example, to decrease the transmission time of the original data signal to be sent. In some embodiments, the data signal is collected and sent as burst. FIG. 10 is a timing diagram 1000 showing one embodiment of such a burst scheme. In some embodiments of the invention, a few or multiple bits are collected by the transmitter and are subsequently transmitted in a burst as a fast sequence, one example of which is illustrated in FIG. 10. The data signal 1002 represents a sequence of zeroes and ones, to be transmitted over 1 microsecond. The sequence is condensed to a 10 nanosecond burst of data and a 90 nanosecond silent period. Signal 1004 represents the condensed burst transmitted signal. FIG. 10 illustrates which data bits are translated into which burst signal. In various embodiments, the transformed signal 1004 may be transmitted using one of the schemes from FIG. 20, discussed subsequently herein. [0126] In some embodiments utilizing the aforementioned burst transmission scheme in FIG. 10, random positioning can or must be used for each transmitted sequence. Coding may not be able to adequately distinguish between users in a multiple access system because each user may use all sequences. Therefore, in some embodiments, the burst sequence is transmitted in a random position in the symbol cycle. [0127] [0127]FIG. 11 is a timing diagram 1100 that depicts a symbol mapped transmission, according to one embodiment of the invention. As depicted in FIG. 11, the data sequence 1102 is mapped to a symbol. A few or multiple bits are collected and converted to a symbol, each symbol to be transmitted as a different sequence. In some embodiments, the data bits are converted into a longer sequence of bits that will be transmitted in a shorter period of time. One example, as depicted in FIG. 11, is to convert every 4 data bits into one of 16 different sequences. This transformation is performed by mapper 1104. For each combination of 4 data bits 1102, one symbol 1106 will be transmitted. The symbol sequence contains more bits but is transmitted in a shorter period of time. In this way, 40 MBPS with 10M Sequences Per Second can be transmitted, when the symbol is 4 bits. The sequence duty cycle can be 10 nsec on, to transmit the symbol, and 90 nsec off. In some embodiments, the transmission schemes depicted in FIG. 20, described subsequently herein, may be used. [0128] In some embodiments, the above scheme may be used for a medium data rate transmission like 40 MBPS. With a higher bit rate like 200 MBPS, it may be necessary to map every 16 bits of the data signal to each symbol. In that case a mapping from 216 to 216 sequences will be a mapping of bits themselves, as in the scheme illustrated in FIG. 10. Since, referring to FIG. 11 and assuming transmission of one 10 ns burst for every 100 ns, with a bit rate of 40 Mbps 4 bits are mapped to a symbol. Similarly, with a rate of 200 Mbps, 20 bits are mapped to a symbol. There is therefore, in that case, a need for a minimum of 20 chips per symbol. The mechanism depicted in FIG. 10 does not need the mapping coding gain, which is needed in the slower bit rates. [0129] In some embodiments, the encoded sequences should generally be selected with a maximal distance between the different codes. For example, Walsh-Hadamard orthogonal sequences can be used. Alternatively, other sequences like PN sequences, Barker sequences, Gold sequences or Kasami sequences may be used. [0130] Multi-band transmission schemes can include pulsed or burst OFDM transmission. FIG. 12 is a timing diagram 1200 that depicts a pulsed OFDM transmission, and FIG. 13 is a timing diagram 1300 that depicts a burst OFDM transmission. In some embodiments, such as illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13, the transformation of the data sequence is based on the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) in the transmitter and the Fast Fourier Transform FFT in the receiver, similar to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. This technique can be essentially a digital version of OFDM using orthogonal sequences, in which case a multi-level signal can be transmitted by bursting or pulsing a narrow band digital signal. [0131] Using the multi-band UWB scheme such as described above, a pulsed or a burst OFDM signal can be transmitted over the UWB range. In some embodiments, the band in use can be changed after one pulsed OFDM symbol has been transmitted. Alternatively, the band in use can be changed after several OFDM symbols have been transmitted. [0132] In some embodiments, discontinuous, or burst symbol cycle, transmitting is used. One advantage of using burst symbol cycle transmission is that the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) rate using burst symbol cycle transmission is lower than the FFT rate in a continuous OFDM system. [0133] In one embodiment of the invention, a train of OFDM pulses is transmitted, as depicted in FIG. 12. In the depicted scheme, a pulse-train is transmitted on one sub-band before switching to the next sub-band according to the time frequency sequence. This technique uses a narrow band OFDM signal generator. The original data sequence 1202 is transformed into a sequence of pulses 1206 using the IFFT 1204. In the pulsed scheme, the transmission of the pulses takes the length of the symbol time 1208. The relatively narrow OFDM signal is widened by pulsing the signal. [0134] In FIG. 13, an embodiment utilizing a burst OFDM scheme is shown. In some embodiments, at each sub-band a burst of OFDM pulses is transmitted, as depicted in FIG. 13. In the depicted scheme a burst is transmitted on one sub-band before switching to the next sub-band according to the time frequency sequence. This technique can use a narrow band OFDM signal generator. The narrow OFDM signal is widened by bursting. The original data bits 1302 are transformed using the IFFT 1304 and transmitted as a burst 1306. The transmission as depicted in FIG. 13 generally is faster than that depicted FIG. 12 and takes a fraction of the symbol time. In some embodiments, the transmission schemes of FIG. 20 may be used. [0135] [0135]FIG. 14 is a block diagram depicting an implementation of multi-band pulsed OFDM. Transmitting pulsed OFDM in each sub-band of a UWB system, as depicted, can allow the system to stay in the same frequency for longer periods of time while being able to cope with ISI problems. Coding is performed by 1401. After the interleaving 1402, there is a serial to parallel converter 1403, which generates a parallel word for the pulse OFDM generator 1404. The serial to parallel converter 1403 generates the symbols used in FIG. 12 (each symbol is going to be transmitted on a different band). The channel multiplexer 1405 takes the symbols and converts it back to a serial stream and passes it to the QPSK modulator 1406. [0136] Schemes such as that depicted in FIG. 14 generally can provide certain benefits, such as the following: slower band change rate, or simpler wave generation; improved channelization under interference associated with multi-path characteristics; improved energy collection; and better resistance to ISI based on the OFDM. Generally, some of the tradeoffs of schemes such as depicted in FIG. 14 can include the fact that implementation is generally more complex, and peak-to-average increased, relative to other multi-band systems. [0137] [0137]FIG. 15 is a block diagram 1500 depicting one implementation of a burst OFDM transmitter and receiver mechanism. A few bits are collected. Each bit can be +1 or −1. The bits are converted as if they were a frequency spectrum into digital values using IFFT 1502. The signal is converted using a parallel to serial (P/S) converter 1504 and a digital to analog (D/A) converter 1506. The bursts are transmitted using analog values, instead of digital as in some previously discussed embodiments. The transmitter can use binary phase key shifting (BPSK) or quaternary phase key shifting (QPSK) modulation. On the receiving side, the signal is converted using an analog to digital converter (A/D) 1508 then by a serial to parallel (S/P) converter 1510 and by a FFT 1512. [0138] [0138]FIG. 16 is a block diagram 1600 depicting an OFDM transmitter and receiver mechanism, according to one embodiment of the invention. Some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 16, use what can be a simpler implementation of an OFDM transmitter. A portion of the frequencies is used with a minimal distance between them. A sequence of filters is used in the transmitter and receiver instead of IFFT and FFT. A non-coherent receiver is implemented using energy detectors. The wide band signal generator on the transmitter 1610 side includes a source 1611, which generates a signal over the entire UWB spectrum. Each filter 1602 through 1605 is filtering a specific band. Therefore, whenever the wide band signal exists at the filter input, that specific band exists on the combiner 1614 input. The logic controls a sequence of switches in a manner such that every combination of the bands can be in the air at every moment. The receiver 1613 includes filters 1606 through 1609 and detectors, which can detect, in a non-coherent way, the existence of each band at every moment. This is an implementation of an OFDM transmitter, where parts of the frequencies are used with minimal distance between them (these are the sub-bands). [0139] [0139]FIG. 17 is a chart 1700 depicting a frequency selection option implementation according to one embodiment of the invention. In some embodiments, as FIG. 17 illustrates, the implementation has a frequency selection option in addition to different burst positions. Using two planes as depicted in FIG. 17, either part of the information in plane A and part in plane B is transmitted, or the same information in both planes is transmitted. By doing so, the system generally can achieve a gain in diversity, i.e., resistance for both constant frequency interference and periodic time interference. [0140] During each symbol time, a few or multiple frequencies can be transmitted, according to the OFDM mapping, in a different position but according to the same information, for the diversity, or according to additional bits for providing a higher bit rate. [0141] The implementation depicted in FIG. 17 provides an example of transmitting in two planes. In the example depicted, the burst time is 20% of the symbol time, and therefore there are 5 positions for the burst in each symbol period. In each symbol, a pattern of frequencies is transmitted in a different position [0142] In some embodiments, a Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) mixer can be used in the transmitter and in the receiver in order to multiply the maximum bit-rate by 2. [0143] [0143]FIG. 18 is a timing diagram 1800 depicting an elongated sample window implementation. In some embodiments, such as illustrated in FIG. 18, at the receiver, the input 1802 will be sampled with a longer window in time 1804. This allows for collection of the multipath and allows for implementation of a Rake receiver and equalizing of the channel. [0144] In certain embodiments where the actual sample rate is around 1 GHz, for example, when using the FFT, the system can comprehend the entire spectrum, and can cancel interference by receiving the signal with notch on the interference. [0145] In some embodiments, a way to allow multiple access with all the options is by using a random burst position. [0146] The aforementioned signals may, in some embodiments, be transmitted using multi-band UWB. In some embodiments, every waveform may be transmitted on a different band. Herein, the term “waveform” is used to refer to a signal including its associated waveform characteristics. Additionally, in some embodiments, several waveforms may be transmitted on the same band. Furthermore, in some embodiments, all the transmissions may occur on the same band. [0147] For example, in an embodiment using burst OFDM, the signal may be transmitted in multiple ways. The transmission mechanisms include transmitting every burst signal on a different band, transmitting several bursts on the same band, or sending all bursts on the same band. Similarly, in an embodiment utilizing pulsed OFDM, the signal may be transmitted in multiple ways. The transmission mechanisms include transmitting every symbol or train of pulses on a different band, transmitting multiple symbols or trains of pulses on the same band, or transmitting all symbols or trains of pulses on the same band. [0148] Variations on transmission techniques are possible in various embodiments of the invention. For example, the jumping sequence may be short while in other embodiments it may be long. Also, the length of the jumping sequence may depend on, or may not depend on, the information. Additionally, the bands can be separate, can overlap, or can partially overlap. Furthermore the wave generator can be analog with a few carriers, or can include one carrier with frequency dividers. Alternatively, the wave generator may be digital with, for example, a two or three level digital signal. Furthermore, the frequencies may have a constant phase relation whereby they lock on the same reference, or the frequencies may not have a constant phase relation. Additionally, in some embodiments a few bands can be used in parallel, where each band contains different information. In other embodiments, the same information may be transmitted on multiple bands. [0149] Various embodiments of the invention as described herein can provide many advantages compared to known alternatives. These advantages can include one or more of the following, among others: the ability to better deal with interference, less inter-symbol interference (ISI), better channel energy collection, better spectral shaping, and fast synchronization. In addition, some embodiments of the invention provide a solution for multiple access. In some embodiments, provides a tradeoff capability between better peak to average ratio (P/A) and higher bit-rate. [0150] [0150]FIGS. 19 and 20 provide illustrations of three ways in which information can be transmitted. These transmission mechanisms can be used in embodiments of the multi-band UWB transmission schemes described above. [0151] [0151]FIG. 19 is a block diagram 1900 depicting an implementation of multiple transmission schemes, which can be used exclusively or in some combination. As shown in FIG. 19, according to some embodiments of the invention, transmission can be accomplished in one of three ways. A narrow signal with a fast clock 1902 can be transmitted using one of the three mechanisms illustrated in the FIG. 19. In some embodiments, regular burst transmission 1904 is used. In other embodiments, the repeated burst transmissions 1906 within the symbol time are used to transmit information, which can provide an improved to the P/A ratio. In other embodiments, transmissions may be performed by repetitions, with codes in each repetition, or repetition with code 1908, which can improve the spectral shaping of the signal and provide additional separation for multiple access. [0152] [0152]FIG. 20 shows a timing diagram 2000 of the three possible transmission mechanisms In some embodiments, the signal may be sent as a burst 2002, where the information 2014 is sent in beginning of the symbol time 2004. The burst transmission takes one burst period, or burst time 2006, to transmit, and the remainder of the symbol time 2004 is silent. In other embodiments, the signal 2016 is transmitted with repetitions 2010. During one symbol time 2004, the information 2016 is repeatedly sent. In other embodiments, the information 2018 is burst repeatedly 2012 with a code 2020 following each transmission. [0153] Costas loop tracking can be used for phase tracking. A Costas loop generally includes using two correlators with 90 degree separation between the locals (I and Q), multiplying I and Q, and, after using a loop filter to control the clock, tracking the carrier signal. Because the receiver utilizes a single clock, this tracking also maintains the sequence phase. When the information packet ends, the receiver assumes state 1 1202. It is to be noted that a Costas loop tracking system can also be used in carrierless embodiments of the invention. [0154] As described in more detail in previously incorporated by reference U.S. application Ser. No. 10/389,789, the methods and systems according to various embodiments of the invention can provide numerous advantages over known wireless transmission systems, including, among others, reduced power usage, reduced interference, better multipath fading resistance, lower peak power usage, and more desirable peak to average ratios, the use of a simplified and less accurate filter for ISI limitation and the use of a less accurate switch timing for a given specific performance. Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6505032 *Oct 10, 2000Jan 7, 2003Xtremespectrum, Inc.Carrierless ultra wideband wireless signals for conveying application dataUS6690741 *Nov 22, 1999Feb 10, 2004Multispectral Solutions, Inc.Ultra wideband data transmission system and methodUS6735238 *Oct 10, 2000May 11, 2004Xtremespectrum, Inc.Ultra wideband communication system, method, and device with low noise pulse formationUS6763057 *Mar 29, 2000Jul 13, 2004Time Domain CorporationVector modulation system and method for wideband impulse radio communicationsUS6937639 *Apr 16, 2001Aug 30, 2005Time Domain CorporationSystem and method for positioning pulses in time using a code that provides spectral shapingUS6952456 *Jun 21, 2000Oct 4, 2005Pulse-Link, Inc.Ultra wide band transmitterUS7006553 *Oct 10, 2000Feb 28, 2006Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.Analog signal separator for UWB versus narrowband signalsUS7010056 *Oct 10, 2000Mar 7, 2006Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.System and method for generating ultra wideband pulsesUS7027493 *Jan 18, 2001Apr 11, 2006Time Domain CorporationSystem and method for medium wide band communications by impluse radio* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6961862Mar 17, 2004Nov 1, 2005Rambus, Inc.Drift tracking feedback for communication channelsUS7072355Aug 21, 2003Jul 4, 2006Rambus, Inc.Periodic interface calibration for high speed communicationUS7095789Jan 28, 2004Aug 22, 2006Rambus, Inc.Communication channel calibration for drift conditionsUS7324605 *Mar 26, 2004Jan 29, 2008Intel CorporationHigh-throughput multicarrier communication systems and methods for exchanging channel state informationUS7400670Jan 28, 2004Jul 15, 2008Rambus, Inc.Periodic calibration for communication channels by drift trackingUS7400671May 25, 2007Jul 15, 2008Rambus Inc.Periodic calibration for communication channels by drift trackingUS7415073Jul 21, 2006Aug 19, 2008Rambus, Inc.Communication channel calibration for drift conditionsUS7415245Mar 31, 2004Aug 19, 2008Intel CorporationPulse shaping signals for ultrawideband communicationUS7420990Nov 10, 2006Sep 2, 2008Rambus Inc.Adaptive-allocation of I/O bandwidth using a configurable interconnect topologyUS7440510Jun 28, 2004Oct 21, 2008Intel CorporationMulticarrier transmitter, multicarrier receiver, and methods for communicating multiple spatial signal streamsUS7489739Sep 17, 2004Feb 10, 2009Rambus, Inc.Method and apparatus for data recoveryUS7516029Jun 9, 2004Apr 7, 2009Rambus, Inc.Communication channel calibration using feedbackUS7526664Nov 15, 2006Apr 28, 2009Rambus, Inc.Drift tracking feedback for communication channelsUS7535819 *Sep 22, 2004May 19, 2009Staccato Communications, Inc.Multiband OFDM system with mappingUS7535958Jun 14, 2004May 19, 2009Rambus, Inc.Hybrid wired and wireless chip-to-chip communicationsUS7545309 *Nov 3, 2006Jun 9, 2009L-3 Communications, Corp.System and method for communicating low data rate information with a radar systemUS7545868Apr 26, 2007Jun 9, 2009Lightwaves Systems, Inc.High bandwidth data transport systemUS7577160Feb 28, 2005Aug 18, 2009Staccato Communications, Inc.MB-OFDM transmitter and receiver and signal processing method thereofUS7596114Mar 11, 2005Sep 29, 2009Samsung Electronics Co., LtdData transmission system in broadband wireless access system using band AMC and method thereofUS7609794Oct 27, 2009Interdigital Technology CorporationReduced complexity sliding window based equalizerUS7612711 *May 6, 2009Nov 3, 2009L-3 Communications, Corp.System and method for communicating low data rate information with a radar systemUS7640448May 3, 2007Dec 29, 2009Rambus, Inc.Drift tracking feedback for communication channelsUS7978754May 28, 2004Jul 12, 2011Rambus Inc.Communication channel calibration with nonvolatile parameter store for recoveryUS7983349Feb 21, 2007Jul 19, 2011Lightwaves Systems, Inc.High bandwidth data transport systemUS8031785Nov 10, 2005Oct 4, 2011Panasonic CorporationTransmission methods and apparatus in multi-band OFDM wideband systemsUS8073009Jul 22, 2008Dec 6, 2011Rambus Inc.Adaptive allocation of I/O bandwidth using a configurable interconnect topologyUS8121803Jan 26, 2009Feb 21, 2012Rambus, Inc.Communication channel calibration using feedbackUS8149874May 18, 2011Apr 3, 2012Rambus Inc.Adaptive-allocation of I/O bandwidth using a configurable interconnect topologyUS8204163 *Jun 19, 2012Eads Deutschland GmbhProcess for receiving a broadband electromagnetic signalUS8233567Jan 5, 2009Jul 31, 2012Rambus Inc.Method and apparatus for data recoveryUS8238319 *Aug 7, 2012Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute InternationalRadio apparatusUS8270452Apr 29, 2005Sep 18, 2012Lightwaves Systems, Inc.Method and apparatus for multi-band UWB communicationsUS8306130 *Jul 14, 2004Nov 6, 2012Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.TFI-OFDM transmission/reception systems for UWB communication and methods thereof for mitigating interference from simultaneously operating piconetsUS8422568Mar 1, 2012Apr 16, 2013Rambus Inc.Communication channel calibration for drift conditionsUS8488686Jun 2, 2011Jul 16, 2013Rambus Inc.Communication channel calibration with nonvolatile parameter store for recoveryUS8504863Nov 16, 2009Aug 6, 2013Rambus Inc.Drift tracking feedback for communication channelsUS8532242Oct 27, 2010Sep 10, 2013Adc Telecommunications, Inc.Distributed antenna system with combination of both all digital transport and hybrid digital/analog transportUS8644419Apr 20, 2012Feb 4, 2014Rambus Inc.Periodic calibration for communication channels by drift trackingUS8693556Mar 18, 2013Apr 8, 2014Rambus Inc.Communication channel calibration for drift conditionsUS8743756Jun 11, 2013Jun 3, 2014Adc Telecommunications, Inc.Distinct transport path for MIMO transmissions in distributed antenna systemsUS8766773Apr 26, 2007Jul 1, 2014Lightwaves Systems, Inc.Ultra wideband radio frequency identification system, method, and apparatusUS8837659Jun 11, 2013Sep 16, 2014Adc Telecommunications, Inc.Distributed digital reference clockUS8929424Jan 1, 2014Jan 6, 2015Rambus Inc.Periodic calibration for communication channels by drift trackingUS9042504Mar 7, 2014May 26, 2015Rambus Inc.Communication channel calibration for drift conditionsUS9136967Feb 21, 2014Sep 15, 2015Adc Telecommunications, Inc.Universal remote radio headUS9160466Nov 6, 2014Oct 13, 2015Rambus Inc.Periodic calibration for communication channels by drift trackingUS9172521Feb 17, 2012Oct 27, 2015Rambus Inc.Communication channel calibration using feedbackUS9178636Feb 21, 2014Nov 3, 2015Adc Telecommunications, Inc.Universal remote radio headUS20040047285 *Sep 11, 2002Mar 11, 2004Foerster Jeffrey R.Sub-banded ultra-wideband communications systemUS20050025267 *Jun 24, 2004Feb 3, 2005Interdigital Technology CorporationReduced complexity sliding window based equalizerUS20050031024 *Mar 2, 2004Feb 10, 2005Interdigital Technology CorporationReduced complexity sliding window based equalizerUS20050041683 *Aug 21, 2003Feb 24, 2005Rambus, Inc.Periodic interface calibration for high speed communicationUS20050041746 *Jun 14, 2004Feb 24, 2005Lowell RosenSoftware-defined wideband holographic communications apparatus and methodsUS20050047444 *Jul 14, 2004Mar 3, 2005Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.TFI-OFDM transmission/reception systems for UWB communication and methods thereof for mitigating interference from simultaneously operating piconetsUS20050058217 *Jun 28, 2004Mar 17, 2005Sumeet SandhuMulticarrier transmitter, multicarrier receiver, and methods for communicating multiple spatial signal streamsUS20050084033 *Jun 14, 2004Apr 21, 2005Lowell RosenScalable transform wideband holographic communications apparatus and methodsUS20050100076 *Jun 14, 2004May 12, 2005Gazdzinski Robert F.Adaptive holographic wideband communications apparatus and methodsUS20050100102 *Jun 14, 2004May 12, 2005Gazdzinski Robert F.Error-corrected wideband holographic communications apparatus and methodsUS20050152473 *Mar 26, 2004Jul 14, 2005Intel CorporationHigh-throughput multicarrier communication systems and methods for exchanging channel state informationUS20050163202 *Jan 28, 2004Jul 28, 2005Rambus, Inc.Periodic calibration for communication channels by drift trackingUS20050220172 *Mar 31, 2004Oct 6, 2005Mo Shaomin SMethods and apparatus for generating and processing wideband signals having reduced discrete power spectral density componentsUS20050221760 *Mar 31, 2004Oct 6, 2005Tinsley Keith RPulse shaping signals for ultrawideband communicationUS20050223306 *Mar 30, 2004Oct 6, 2005Franca-Neto Luiz MCommunications apparatus, systems, and methodsUS20050232139 *Apr 19, 2005Oct 20, 2005Texas Instruments IncorporatedDual length block codes for multi-band OFDMUS20050232181 *Mar 11, 2005Oct 20, 2005Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Data transmission system in broadband wireless access system using band AMC and method thereofUS20050237923 *Apr 26, 2005Oct 27, 2005Texas Instruments IncorporatedMulti-bank OFDM high data rate extensionsUS20050254554 *Apr 29, 2005Nov 17, 2005Lightwaves Systems, Inc.Method and apparatus for multi-band UWB communicationsUS20050265437 *May 28, 2004Dec 1, 2005Rambus, Inc.Communication channel calibration with nonvolatile parameter store for recoveryUS20050276322 *Jun 14, 2004Dec 15, 2005Rambus, Inc.Hybrid wired and wireless chip-to-chip communicationsUS20060034398 *Nov 3, 2005Feb 16, 2006Interdigital Technology CorporationReduced complexity sliding window based equalizerUS20060062327 *Sep 17, 2004Mar 23, 2006Rambus, Inc.Method and apparatus for data recoveryUS20060159113 *Mar 16, 2006Jul 20, 2006Rambus, Inc.Periodic interface calibration for high speed communicationUS20060291574 *Jul 21, 2006Dec 28, 2006Rambus Inc.Communication channel calibration for drift conditionsUS20070008939 *Jun 10, 2005Jan 11, 2007Adc Telecommunications, Inc.Providing wireless coverage into substantially closed environmentsUS20070081505 *Oct 12, 2005Apr 12, 2007Harris CorporationHybrid RF network with high precision rangingUS20070088968 *Nov 15, 2006Apr 19, 2007Rambus, Inc.Drift Tracking Feedback for Communication ChannelsUS20070204184 *May 3, 2007Aug 30, 2007Rambus Inc.Drift tracking feedback for communication channelsUS20070230549 *May 25, 2007Oct 4, 2007Rambus Inc.Periodic calibration for communication channels by drift trackingUS20080062858 *Feb 28, 2005Mar 13, 2008Staccato CommunicationsMb-Ofdm Transmitter And Receiver And Signal Processing Method ThereofUS20080062901 *Aug 30, 2007Mar 13, 2008Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute InternationalRadio apparatusUS20080212695 *Nov 10, 2005Sep 4, 2008Shaomin Samuel MoTransmission Methods and Apparatus in Multi-Band Ofdm Wideband SystemsUS20080276020 *Jul 22, 2008Nov 6, 2008Rambus Inc.Adaptive-Allocation Of I/O Bandwidth Using A Configurable Interconnect TopologyUS20080291971 *Jan 20, 2004Nov 27, 2008Agency For Science, Technology And ResearchMethod and Transmitter, Receiver and Transceiver Systems for Ultra Wideband CommunicationUS20080298523 *Aug 14, 2008Dec 4, 2008Interdigital Technology CorporationReduced complexity sliding window based equalizerUS20090110115 *Jan 5, 2009Apr 30, 2009Rambus, Inc.Method and apparatus for data recoveryUS20090132741 *Jan 26, 2009May 21, 2009Rambus, Inc.Communication channel calibration using feedbackUS20090175382 *Jan 8, 2009Jul 9, 2009Eads Deutschland GmbhProcess for receiving a broadband electromagnetic signalUS20100058100 *Mar 4, 2010Rambus, Inc.Drift tracking feedback for communication channelsUS20100067620 *Sep 23, 2009Mar 18, 2010Interdigital Technology CorporationReduced complexity sliding window based equalizerUS20110219162 *Sep 8, 2011Rambus Inc.Adaptive-Allocation Of I/O Bandwidth Using A Configurable Interconnect TopologyUS20110235727 *Sep 29, 2011Rambus, Inc.Communication channel calibration with nonvolatile parameter store for recoveryUS20160164630 *Aug 1, 2014Jun 9, 2016Lg Electronics Inc.Apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, method for transmitting broadcast signals and method for receiving broadcast signalsCN101459637BDec 13, 2007Nov 24, 2010华为技术有限公司Ultra-wideband signal sending method and deviceCN102361478A *Oct 11, 2011Feb 22, 2012重庆大学Method and apparatus for generation of 8-QAM+ sequence having impulse period autocorrelation real partWO2005088869A1 *Mar 11, 2005Sep 22, 2005Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Data transmission system in broadband wireless access system using band amc and method thereofWO2005099116A1 *Mar 25, 2005Oct 20, 2005Intel CorporationWideband multicarrier transmissionWO2006060153A1 *Nov 10, 2005Jun 8, 2006Matsushita Electric Industrial Co, Ltd.Transmission methods and apparatus in multi-band ofdm wideband systemsWO2007101302A1 *Mar 8, 2007Sep 13, 2007Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research OrganisationA method and apparatus for tracking positionWO2012058182A1 *Oct 25, 2011May 3, 2012Adc Telecommunications, Inc.Distributed antenna system with combination of both all digital transport and hybrid digital/analog transport* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification341/133, 341/155International ClassificationH04L27/26, H04L5/06, H04L1/00, H04B1/69Cooperative ClassificationH04B1/719, H04L27/2601, H04L5/06, H04B1/7174, H04B1/71632, H04L1/004European ClassificationH04B1/7163A, H04B1/717C, H04L27/26M, H04L5/06Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 25, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: WISAIR LTD., ISRAELFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KNOBEL, YARON;SHOR, GADI;YAISH, DAVID;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014239/0171Effective date: 20030623May 6, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: PLENUS II, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS II (D.C.M), LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS III, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS III (D.C.M), LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS III(2), LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS III(C.I), L.P.,ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS II, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS II (D.C.M), LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS III, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS III (D.C.M), LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS III(2), LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Owner name: PLENUS III(C.I), L.P., ISRAELFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WISAIR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:024342/0142Effective date: 20100414Nov 23, 2010SULPSurcharge for late paymentNov 23, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jan 2, 2015REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedMay 22, 2015LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJul 14, 2015FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20150522RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services