Source: http://www.google.com/patents/USRE36886?dq=5,687,325
Timestamp: 2014-12-26 02:01:08
Document Index: 419346927

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 17', 'art 17', 'art 27', 'art 18', 'art 18', 'art 18']

Patent USRE36886 - Fiber optic module - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA fiber optic module includes a connector connected to a mother board of a host computer, an LD semiconductor IC for converting serial data received from the mother board to an LD electric signal for a laser diode, an LD module for converting the LD electric signal to an LD optical signal, a PD module...http://www.google.com/patents/USRE36886?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent USRE36886 - Fiber optic moduleAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUSRE36886 EPublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/087,857Publication dateOct 3, 2000Filing dateJun 1, 1998Priority dateApr 25, 1994Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE19501539A1, DE19501539C2, US5596663Publication number087857, 09087857, US RE36886 E, US RE36886E, US-E-RE36886, USRE36886 E, USRE36886EInventorsShin Ishibashi, Hideyuki Nagao, Tomiya MiyazakiOriginal AssigneeMatsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (12), Referenced by (5), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetFiber optic moduleUS RE36886 EAbstract A fiber optic module includes a connector connected to a mother board of a host computer, an LD semiconductor IC for converting serial data received from the mother board to an LD electric signal for a laser diode, an LD module for converting the LD electric signal to an LD optical signal, a PD module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a PD electric signal, a PD semiconductor IC for converting the PD electric signal to PD serial data, a circuit board having the connector and carrying LD semiconductor IC and PD semiconductor IC, and LD shielding plate and a PD shielding plate for electrically shielding the LD module and the PD module, respectively, a .[.first frame and a second.]. frame for holding the circuit board, LD module and PD module. In the fiber optic module, the connector is of a surface mounting type, leads of the LD and PD modules are connected to a side of the circuit board mounted with the connector, the circuit board has an LD variable resistor for adjusting a drive current of the LD module, the LD variable resistor is provided to a side of the circuit board opposite to the connector, the circuit board has a PD variable resistor provided to the side of the circuit board opposite to the connector for detecting a signal of the PD module, 3 signal processing semiconductor ICs or less are provided.
What is claimed is: 1. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; a laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.a frame .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein said connector is of a surface mounting type. 2. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 1, wherein leads of said laser diode and photo diode modules are connected to a surface of said circuit board provided thereon with said connector.
7. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.a frame .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein outline dimensions of said fiber optic module are 19 mm through 25.4 mm wide, 45 mm through 65 mm high and 9 mm through 25.4 mm .[.high.]. .Iadd.long.Iaddend.. 8. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 7, further comprising a casing, said casing comprising said .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.frame .Iaddend.forms an outside casing.
9. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 7, wherein said .[.first and second frames are.]. .Iadd.frame is .Iaddend.made of resin material.
10. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.a frame .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein said module comprises mounting means for mounting said .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.frame .Iaddend.to said mother board. 11. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 10, wherein said mounting means includes a screw.
12. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 11, .Iadd.wherein said frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part, and .Iaddend.further comprising a first frame openings provided in said first frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend., a second frame openings provided in said second frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend., a circuit board openings provided in said circuit board, and a mother board openings provided in said mother board, and wherein screws are inserted into said first openings, second frame openings, said circuit board openings and said mother board openings to cause said first frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend., said second frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend., said circuit board and said mother board to be mutually fixed.
15. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 12, wherein 3 of said first frame openings are provided in said first frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.and said first frame openings are arranged to form a substantially isosceles triangle.
16. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 12, wherein said first frame openings are used also as reference holes for parts inspection of said first frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.and said second frame openings are used also as reference holes for parts inspection of said second frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend..
18. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 10, .Iadd.wherein said frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part, and .Iaddend.wherein pins erected on at least one of said first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.are used as said mounting means.
19. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 18, wherein pins erected only on said second frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.are used as said mounting means.
20. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 19, further comprising first frame openings provided in said first frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend., a circuit board openings provided in said circuit board, and a mother board openings provided in said mother board, and wherein screws are inserted into said first frame openings, said circuit board openings and said mother board openings to cause said first frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend., said circuit board and said mother board to be mutually fixed.
24. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 19, wherein said pin is integrally formed with said second frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.or press fitted therein.
25. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 20, wherein 3 of said first frame openings are provided in said first frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.and said first frame openings are arranged to form a substantially isosceles triangle.
26. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 20, wherein said first frame openings are used also as reference holes for parts inspection of said first frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.and said pins are used also as reference holes for parts inspection of said second frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend..
27. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.a frame .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein said circuit board is temporarily fixed to .[.at least one of said first and second frames.]. .Iadd.said frame.Iaddend.. 28. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 27, wherein said temporary fixing means is a snap-fit mechanism.
30. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 27, .Iadd.wherein said frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part, and .Iaddend.wherein an elastic arm is provided to at least one of said first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.and said circuit board is temporarily fixed to the other frame by said elastic arm.
31. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 27, .Iadd.wherein said frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part, and .Iaddend.wherein said circuit board is temporarily fixed at a front part thereof by a snap-fit mechanism and said circuit board is temporarily fixed to .[.the other frame.]. .Iadd.one of said first and second frame parts .Iaddend.at a rear part thereof by an elastic arm.
32. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.a frame .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein said module further comprises supporting means for tightening to fix .[.said first and second frames.]. .Iadd.said frame .Iaddend.and said mother board from their outer periphery. 33. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 32, wherein said supporting means is made of metallic plate.
34. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 33, wherein said metallic plate is provided in its both ends with recesses and said recesses are rotated to tightening fix said metallic plate.
36. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein said module further includes a cover for covering an externally exposed part of said circuit board therewith. 37. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 36, wherein said cover is made of resin material.
39. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 36, wherein said cover is made in the form of said first frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend..
41. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.a frame .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein said module further comprises indication parts indicative of a safety certification .[.and a place of.]. .Iadd.and/or .Iaddend.production provided .[.respectively onto said first and second frames.]. .Iadd.on said frame.Iaddend.. 42. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 41, .Iadd.wherein said frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part, and .Iaddend.wherein said indication part provided onto said first frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.is opposed to said indication part provided onto said second frame .Iadd.part.Iaddend..
43. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 42, wherein said first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.have a recess and said indication parts are provided to said recesses.
45. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 41, wherein said indication parts are provided integrally to said .[.first and second frames respectively.]. .Iadd.frame.Iaddend..
46. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.a frame .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein a data transmission rate of said optical signal is 130 Mbits/s or more. 47. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 46, wherein the data transmission rate of said optical signal is 200 Mbits/s or more.
50. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.a frame .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein said fiber optic module further includes a module cap to be inserted into light outlet and inlet openings defined by said .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.frame .Iaddend.along a light inlet and outlet direction. 51. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 50, .Iadd.wherein said frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part, and .Iaddend.wherein said module cap has cap fixing means engaged with part of said first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.and fixed to at least one of said first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts.Iaddend..
52. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and .[.first and second frames.]. .Iadd.a frame .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein said fiber optic module includes a shielding member for shielding at least one of said laser diode and photo diode modules. 53. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 52, wherein a shielding plate for exclusive use of said laser diode module and a shielding plate for exclusive use of said photo diode module.
54. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 52, wherein .[.at least one of said first and second frames.]. .Iadd.said frame .Iaddend.is provided integrally with a shielding plate.
55. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connection with a mother board; laser diode electric signal conversion means for converting serial data received from said mother board to an laser diode electric signal for a laser diode; an laser diode module for converting said laser diode electric signal to an laser diode optical signal; a photo diode module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a photo diode electric signal; photo diode electric signal conversion means for converting said photo diode electric signal to photo diode serial data; a circuit board for carrying thereon said connector, said laser diode electric signal conversion means, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module, wherein elastic pawls to be engaged with an optical fiber plug are provided to at least one of said first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.and said pawls are provided at their root parts with first projections extended toward the other frame. 56. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 55, wherein second projections for protecting said first projections are provided to an opposite frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.being opposite to the frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.provided with said first projections.
57. A fiber optic module as set forth in claim 55, wherein said first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.and said pawls are made of resin material.
58. A fiber optic module comprising:a connector for connecting with a mother board of a computer; a first semiconductor integral circuit for converting a first parallel data provided from the mother board into a first serial data for a laser diode; a second semiconductor integral circuit for converting said first serial data for the laser diode converted by said first semiconductor integral circuit into a first electrical signal; a laser diode module including a laser diode for converting said first electrical signal for the laser diode into a first optical signal of the laser diode; a photodiode module including a photodiode for converting a second optical signal received by said photodiode into a second electrical signal of the photodiode; a third semiconductor integral circuit for converting said second electrical signal of the photodiode into a second serial data of the photodiode; a fourth semiconductor integral circuit for converting said second serial data of the photodiode converted by said third semiconductor integral circuit into a second parallel data; a circuit board for furnishing with said connector, said first semiconductor integral circuit, said second semiconductor integral circuit, said third semiconductor integral circuit and said fourth semiconductor integral circuit; a first shielding plate for electrically shielding said laser diode module; a second shielding plate for electrically shielding said photo diode module; .Iadd.and .Iaddend. .[.a first frame for holding said circuit board, said laser diode module and said photo diode module; and a second frame for cooperating with said first frame to hold.]. .Iadd.a frame for holding .Iaddend.said circuit board, said laser module and said photo diode module. Description
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the above object is attained by providing a fiber optic module which includes a connector connected to a mother board of a host computer, an LD semiconductor IC for converting serial data received from the mother board to an LD electric signal for a laser diode, an LD module for converting the LD electric signal to an LD optical signal, a PD module for converting a photodiode optical signal to a PD electric signal, a PD semiconductor IC for converting the PD electric signal to PD serial data, a circuit board having the connector and carrying LD semiconductor IC and PD semiconductor IC, and LD shielding plate for electrically shielding the LD module, a PD shielding plate for electrically shielding the PD module, a .[.first.]. frame .Iadd.comprising a first frame part and a second frame part .Iaddend.for holding the circuit board, LD module and PD module.[., and a second frame for holding the circuit board, LD module and PD module.].. In the fiber optic module, the connector may be of a surface mounting type, leads of the LD and PD modules may be connected to a side of the circuit board mounted with the connector, the circuit board may have an LD variable resistor for adjusting a drive current of the LD module, the LD variable resistor may be provided to a side of the circuit board opposite to the connector, the circuit board may have a PD variable resistor for detecting a signal of the PD module, the PD variable resistor may be provided to the side of the circuit board opposite to the connector, 3 signal processing semiconductor ICs or less may be provided, an outline configuration of the circuit board may measure 17 mm through 25.4 mm wide and 30 mm through 50 mm long, the outline dimensions of the fiber optic module may be 19 mm through 25.4 mm wide, 45 mm through 65 mm high and 9 mm through 25.4 mm high, the second frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.may be provided with pawls for coupling of the optical signal, the first frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.may be provided with projections for protecting the pawls, the first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.may be made of resin material, the first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts .Iaddend.may have means for holding the circuit board, the holding means may be a snap-fit mechanism, a tipmost end of the circuit board may be held by the first and second .[.frames.]. .Iadd.frame parts.Iaddend., the first frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.may have an arm, a recess provided to the arm may be used to hold at least one rear part of the circuit board, and the data transmission rate of the optical signal may be 200 Mbits/s or more.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a lower frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.for a fiber optic module in accordance with a sixth aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a major part of a lower frame .Iadd.part .Iaddend.for the prior art fiber optic module;
The upper and lower frame openings 11 and 21 may also be used as reference holes for parts acceptance test of the upper and lower frames 10 and 20 respectively. Since the 3 upper frame openings 11 and the 3 lower frame openings 21 are set to have a drawing tape of 0 degree at their molding time, the accuracy of the respective openings (upper and lower frame openings 11 and 21) can be maintained high. Since the accuracy of the openings an be kept high, when jigs designed for the parts acceptance test associated with the openings are prepared, the parts inspection can be facilitated. In other words, the upper and lower frame openings 11 and 21 can be used not only as holes for fixation of the fiber optic module to the mother board 60 but also as parts inspection holes.
In the sixth aspect of the present invention, the upper and lower frames 10 and 20 are made of polybutylene terphthalate (PBT) mixed with 10-30% of glass, with the result that the frames are excellent in durability. In particular, the material of the frames improves the durability of pawls 23 of a lower frame 20 for mounting and dismounting of an optical fiber plug. Further, in order to reduce forces imposed on the pawls 23 of the lower frame 20, upper frame projection 16 (not shown: refer to FIG. 5) are provided in an upper frame 10 (not shown: refer to FIG. 5) to abut against associated lower frame projections 26 disposed at roots of the pawls 23. The lower frame 20 subjected to a large load caused by the mounting and dismounting of an optical fiber plug is provided with a bottom plate 25 and a rib 24 in order to increase the overall rigidity of the lower frame 20.
Referring to FIG. 8, there is shown a plan view of a major part of a fiber optic module in accordance with a seventh aspect of the present invention, in which, for more detailed explanation, a lower frame 20, a PCB 30 and LD module 50 and PD module 40 are illustrated in plan view and partly in section. In case of a general fiber optic module, it is predominant practice that a spacing between the PD module 40 and LD module 50 is set to be 12.7 mm and the diameter of the PD element 45 and LD element 55 is to be 5 mm or so. For the purpose of protecting these PD and LD elements 45 and 55 and mechanically coupling these elements with the associated optical fibers, it is necessary for the PD and LD modules 40 and 50 to have a diameter of about 6 mm-8 mm. Accordingly, a design limit for the diameter of a lower frame opening 21 become about 4.7 mm-6.7 mm. In this case, when the average wall thickness of the lower frame 20 is 1.5 mm, the diameter of the lower frame opening 21 becomes about 1.7 mm-3.7 mm.
Shown in FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a major part of a fiber optic module in accordance with an eighth aspect of the present invention, that is, an assembled state of only the upper frame 10 and the lower frame 20 for easy explanation. The upper frame 10 is provided with a thin wall part 17 to prevent surface scars generated by the non-uniform wall thickness of the upper frame 10. More in detail, the thin wall part 17 prevents reduction in the accuracy of upper shielding fit 17a for engagement with a PD shielding plate 41 and in the accuracy of an upper module fit 17b for engagement with an LD module both caused by such surface scars. With regard to the lower frame 20, similarly, a thin wall part 27 is provided in the lower frame to prevent deformation of a lower shielding fit 27a and a lower module fit 27b both caused by surface scars similar to the mentioned above. In the eighth aspect of the present invention, provision of these thin wall parts enables achievement of the upper and lower frames 10 and 20 both having an average wall thickness of 1.5 mm and thus realization of the highly realiable upper and lower frames.
The material of the cover 18 is not specifically restricted by the presence or absence of electrical conductive property of the material. In other words, the material of the cover is not limited from the viewpoint of resistance of the PCB 30 to the electrostatic destruction and metallic and resin material can be employed. More specifically, though the cover 18 has been made of the same PBT as the upper frame in the present aspect, the electrostatic destruction of the PCB 30 possible caused during handling of the fiber optic module, which has been a problem in the prior art, can be eliminated.
FIG. 12 is a plan view of a fiber optic module in accordance with an eleventh aspect of the present invention. The present aspect is different from the tenth aspect of FIG. 11 in that a cover part 18a is integrally formed with the upper frame 10. Another difference of the aspects of FIGS. 11 and 12 from the other aspects is that a cover opening 19 is provided in a cover part 18a so that, even after the assembling of the fiber optic module is completed, variable resistors on the PCB 30 can be adjusted through the cover opening 19. Since the cover part 18a is formed integrally with the upper frame 10 during molding thereof or is molded therewith at the same time in this way, there can be implemented a fiber optic module which is highly reliable and more economical. It will be noted that, even when the cover opening 19 shown in the eleventh aspect of the invention is applied to the tenth aspect of FIG. 11, the effects of the present invention can be ensured.
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