Source: https://apps.leg.wa.gov/wAc/default.aspx?cite=173-160&full=true
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Chapter 173-160 WAC:
WACs > Title 173 > Chapter 173-160
Chapter 173-160 WAC
Last Update: 12/19/08
MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF WELLS
REQUIREMENTS THAT APPLY TO ALL WELLS
HTMLPDF 173-160-010 What is the purpose of this regulation?
HTMLPDF 173-160-030 When will this regulation be reviewed?
HTMLPDF 173-160-040 How does this regulation relate to other authorities?
HTMLPDF 173-160-050 What are the department's enforcement options?
HTMLPDF 173-160-061 May I appeal the department's decision?
HTMLPDF 173-160-071 May I appeal decisions made by delegated authorities?
HTMLPDF 173-160-073 How will the delegated authorities be evaluated?
PART ONE—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER WELL CONSTRUCTION
HTMLPDF 173-160-101 What are the general standards that apply to all water wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-106 How do I apply for a variance on a water well?
HTMLPDF 173-160-111 What are the definitions of specific words as used in this chapter?
HTMLPDF 173-160-121 What should I know about drilling wells that require water right permits?
HTMLPDF 173-160-131 What should the well owner know about water metering?
HTMLPDF 173-160-141 What are the requirements regarding water well reports?
HTMLPDF 173-160-151 Does the department require prior notice and fees for well constructing, reconstructing, or decommissioning a water well?
HTMLPDF 173-160-161 How shall each water well be planned and constructed?
HTMLPDF 173-160-171 What are the requirements for the location of the well site and access to the well?
HTMLPDF 173-160-181 What are the requirements for preserving the natural barriers to groundwater movement between aquifers?
HTMLPDF 173-160-191 What are the design and construction requirements for completing wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-201 What are the casing and liner requirements?
HTMLPDF 173-160-211 What are the recommended well diameters?
HTMLPDF 173-160-214 What are the limitations for use of drilling materials?
HTMLPDF 173-160-216 What are the standards for use of polymers and additives?
HTMLPDF 173-160-221 What are the standards for sealing materials?
HTMLPDF 173-160-231 What are the standards for surface seals?
HTMLPDF 173-160-241 What are the requirements for formation sealing?
HTMLPDF 173-160-251 What are the special sealing standards for artesian wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-261 How do I seal dug wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-271 What are the special sealing standards for driven wells, jetted wells, and dewatering wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-281 What are the construction standards for artificial gravel-packed wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-291 What are the standards for the upper terminal of water wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-301 What are the requirements for temporary capping?
HTMLPDF 173-160-311 What are the well tagging requirements?
HTMLPDF 173-160-321 How do I test a well?
HTMLPDF 173-160-331 How do I make sure my equipment and the water well are free of contaminants?
HTMLPDF 173-160-341 How do I ensure the quality of drilling water?
HTMLPDF 173-160-351 What are the standards for pump installation?
HTMLPDF 173-160-361 Who may supervise the use of explosives?
HTMLPDF 173-160-371 What are the standards for chemical conditioning?
HTMLPDF 173-160-381 What are the standards for decommissioning a well?
HTMLPDF 173-160-390 Artificial recharge of groundwater bodies.
PART TWO—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RESOURCE PROTECTION WELL
CONSTRUCTION AND GEOTECHNICAL SOIL BORINGS
HTMLPDF 173-160-400 What are the minimum standards for resource protection wells and geotechnical soil borings?
HTMLPDF 173-160-406 How do I apply for a variance on a resource protection well?
HTMLPDF 173-160-410 What are the specific definitions for words in this chapter?
HTMLPDF 173-160-420 What are the general construction requirements for resource protection wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-430 What are the minimum casing standards?
HTMLPDF 173-160-440 What are the equipment cleaning standards?
HTMLPDF 173-160-442 What are the limitations for use of drilling materials?
HTMLPDF 173-160-444 What are the standards for use of polymers and additives?
HTMLPDF 173-160-450 What are the well sealing requirements?
HTMLPDF 173-160-451 What are the minimum standards for direct push resource protection wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-453 What are the minimum standards for construction of ground source heat pump borings?
HTMLPDF 173-160-456 What are the minimum standards for construction of grounding wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-457 How are vibrating wire piezometers constructed?
HTMLPDF 173-160-458 What sealing materials are allowed for sealing vibrating wire piezometers?
HTMLPDF 173-160-460 What is the decommissioning process for resource protection wells?
HTMLPDF 173-160-990 Well construction illustrations.
173-160-020 General. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-020, filed 4/6/88; Order 73-6, § 173-160-020, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 98-13-112 (Order 98-05), filed 6/17/98, effective 7/18/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-055 Well construction notification (start card). [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-055, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-060 Location of well site and access requirements. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-060, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-065 Design and construction. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-065, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-070 Design and construction. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-070, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-075 Design and construction—Sealing of casing—General. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-075, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-080 Design and construction—Casing. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-080, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-085 Capping. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-085, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-090 Design and construction—Well completion—General. [Statutory Authority: RCW 18.104.040(4). WSR 79-02-010 (Order DE 78-22), § 173-160-090, filed 1/10/79; Order 73-6, § 173-160-090, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-09001 Recommended well diameters. [Statutory Authority: RCW 18.104.040(4). WSR 79-02-010 (Order DE 78-22), § 173-160-09001, filed 1/10/79.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-095 Relationship to other authorities. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-095, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-100 Design and construction—Sealing materials. [Statutory Authority: RCW 18.104.040(4). WSR 79-02-010 (Order DE 78-22), § 173-160-100, filed 1/10/79; Order 73-6, § 173-160-100, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-105 Comparable construction standards. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-105, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-110 Design and construction—Sealing of casing—General. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-110, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-115 Enforcement. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-115, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-120 Design and construction—Sealing of consolidated formations. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-120, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-125 Appeals. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-125, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-130 Sealing of unconsolidated formations without significant clay beds. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-130, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-135 Regulation review. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-135, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-140 Sealing of unconsolidated formations with clay beds. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-140, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-150 Special sealing standards for artesian wells. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-150, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-160 Artificial gravel-packed wells—General. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-160, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-170 Sealing of artificial gravel-packed wells. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-170, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-180 Sealing of dug wells. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-180, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-190 Special standards for driven or jetted wells. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-190, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-200 Upper terminal of well. [Statutory Authority: RCW 18.104.040(4). WSR 79-02-010 (Order DE 78-22), § 173-160-200, filed 1/10/79; Order 73-6, § 173-160-200, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-205 Location of well site and access requirements. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-205, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-210 Capping. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-210, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-215 Design and construction—Well completion—General. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 89-15-017 and 90-07-016 (Orders 89-4 and 89-4A), § 173-160-215, filed 7/12/89 and 3/13/90, effective 8/12/89 and 4/13/90; WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-215, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-220 Testing of well. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-220, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-225 Design and construction—Casing. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-225, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-230 Testing of well—Access port or pressure gage. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-230, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-235 Recommended well diameters. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-235, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-240 Disinfection. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-240, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-245 Design and construction—Sealing materials. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-245, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-250 Quality of drilling water. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-250, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-255 Design and construction—Sealing of consolidated formations. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-255, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-260 Pump installation. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-260, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-265 Sealing of unconsolidated formations without significant clay beds. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-265, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-270 Explosives. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-270, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-275 Sealing of unconsolidated formations with clay beds. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-275, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-280 Chemical conditioning. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-280, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-285 Special sealing standards for artesian wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-285, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-290 Abandonment or destruction of wells. [Statutory Authority: RCW 18.104.040(4). WSR 79-02-010 (Order DE 78-22), § 173-160-290, filed 1/10/79; Order 73-6, § 173-160-290, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-295 Artificial gravel-packed wells—General. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-295, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-300 Abandonment or destruction of wells—Abandonment or destruction of drilled or jetted wells. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-300, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-305 Sealing of artificial gravel-packed wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-305, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-310 Abandonment or destruction of wells—Abandonment or destruction of gravel-packed wells. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-310, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-315 Sealing of dug wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-315, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-320 Abandonment or destruction of wells—Abandonment or destruction of artesian wells. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-320, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-325 Special standards for driven or jetted wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-325, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-330 Abandonment or destruction of wells—Abandonment or destruction of dug wells. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-330, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-335 Upper terminal of well. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-335, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-340 Abandonment or destruction of wells—Plugging of test wells. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-340, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-345 Testing of well. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-345, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-350 Artificial recharge of groundwater bodies. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-350, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-355 Testing of well—Access port or pressure gage. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-355, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-360 Special exemptions. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-360, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-365 Disinfection. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-365, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-370 Relationship to other authorities. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-370, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-375 Quality of drilling water. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-375, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-380 Comparable construction standards. [Order 73-6, § 173-160-380, filed 4/30/73.] Repealed by WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), filed 4/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW.
173-160-385 Pump installation. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-385, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-395 Explosives. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-395, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-405 Chemical conditioning. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-405, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-415 Abandonment of wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-415, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-425 Abandonment of wells—Abandonment of drilled or jetted wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-425, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-435 Abandonment of wells—Abandonment of gravel-packed wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-435, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-445 Abandonment of wells—Abandonment of artesian wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-445, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-455 Abandonment of wells—Abandonment of dug wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-455, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-465 Abandonment of wells—Plugging of test wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-465, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-475 Artificial recharge of ground-water bodies. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-475, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-500 Design and construction—General. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-500, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-510 Design and construction—Surface protective measures. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-510, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-520 Design and construction—Casing. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-520, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-530 Design and construction—Cleaning. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-530, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-540 Design and construction—Well screen, filter pack, and development. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-540, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-550 Design and construction—Well seals. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-550, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
173-160-560 Abandonment of resource protection wells. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-560, filed 4/6/88.] Repealed by WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080.
PDF173-160-010
(1) These regulations are adopted under chapter 18.104 RCW, to establish minimum standards for the construction and decommissioning of all wells in the state of Washington.
(a) Any excavation that is not intended to locate, divert, artificially recharge, observe, monitor, dewater,or withdraw groundwater except resource protection wells, ground source heat pump borings, grounding wells, and geotechnical soil borings.
(c) Infiltration or exfiltrationgalleries, trenches, ponds, pits, and sumps, except where the department determines that the intended use of the excavation meets a definition in RCW 18.104.020.
(d) Grounding wells and grounding rods that are installed to a depth of twenty-five feet or less.
(3) Under chapter 90.48 RCW, those excavations excluded in subsection (2)(a) through (d) of this section shall be constructed, maintained, and decommissioned to ensure protection of the groundwater resource and to prevent the contamination and wasteof that resource.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-010, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-010, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-010, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-010, filed 4/6/88; Order 73-6, § 173-160-010, filed 4/30/73.]
PDF173-160-030
When will this regulation be reviewed?
(1) The department of ecology shall initiate review of the rules established in this chapter:
(a) When new information, changing conditions, or statutory modifications make it necessary to consider revisions; or
(b) When statutes require the review of this regulation, whichever comes first.
(2) The technical advisory group (TAG) established under chapter 18.104 RCW shall assist the department in the development and revision of rules.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-030, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-030, filed 4/6/88; Order 73-6, § 173-160-030, filed 4/30/73.]
PDF173-160-040
How does this regulation relate to other authorities?
(1) Nothing in these regulations may be construed to waive any legal requirements of other state agencies or local governmental entities relating to well construction, nor may it preclude the adoption of more stringent minimum well construction standards by local government.
(2) Well contractors shall be familiar with all state and local well construction requirements, and existing and approved site plans, to include septic permits, for their job sites prior to initiating construction. Drillers working in counties that have delegated authority to inspect wells shall check with the county environmental health section for inspection requirements. Drillers are required to obey all county notification and reporting requirements.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-040, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-040, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 34.05, 90.54, 18.104, 90.03 and 90.44 RCW. WSR 91-23-093 (Order 91-27), § 173-160-040, filed 11/19/91, effective 12/20/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-040, filed 4/6/88; Order 73-6, § 173-160-040, filed 4/30/73.]
PDF173-160-050
What are the department's enforcement options?
The department may impose the sanctions that are appropriate under authorities vested in it, including:
(1) The issuance of regulatory orders under RCW 43.27A.190;
(2) Civil penalties under RCW 90.03.600 and 18.104.155; and
(3) Criminal penalties under RCW 18.104.160.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-050, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 88-08-070 (Order 88-58), § 173-160-050, filed 4/6/88; Order 73-6, § 173-160-050, filed 4/30/73.]
PDF173-160-061
May I appeal the department's decision?
(1) Yes. All final, written decisions of the department of ecology pertaining to permits, regulatory orders, and related decisions made under this chapter are subject to review by the pollution control hearings board in accordance with chapter 43.21B RCW.
(2) If you wish to appeal a decision of the department of ecology, you must appeal it before that board.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-061, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-071
May I appeal decisions made by delegated authorities?
(1) Yes. Any person who feels aggrieved by a decision made by a local health district or county under delegated authority may appeal the decision to the department of ecology.
(2) The appeal must be made within thirty days of receipt of the decision.
(3) An appeal to the department shall contain at least the following information:
(a) Name, address, and phone number of appealing party;
(b) Copy of the decision under appeal;
(c) A clear statement of what issues are disputed;
(d) A clear statement of what relief the appellant is seeking.
(4) The department will consider the appeal, and either affirm, reverse, or modify the decision of the delegated authority. A written response shall be provided to the applicant and the delegated authority within thirty days of the department's receipt of the appeal.
(5) The department's decision is subject to review by the pollution control hearings board, in accordance with chapter 43.21B RCW.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-071, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-073
How will the delegated authorities be evaluated?
The department will, on an annual basis, review each of the local health jurisdictions or counties, interagency agreements. The review shall include an audit of the construction inspections, decommissioning inspections, enforcement activities, variance decisions, training needs, technical assistance, coordination with drillers and other driller interactions that occurred during the year. The review will also address the need to update or otherwise change portions of the delegation agreements.
The department will summarize the reviews into an annual report. The report will be completed no later than April 1 of each year. The completed report will be available to the public upon request and posted on the department’s web site.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-073, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06.]
PDF173-160-101
What are the general standards that apply to all water wells?
The following minimum standards apply to all waterwells constructed and decommissioned in the state of Washington. It is the responsibility and liability of the water well operator who constructs the well, the property owner, and the water well contractor, to take whatever measures are necessary to guard against waste and contamination of the groundwater resources.
(1) It is necessary in some cases to construct and decommission wells with additional requirements beyond the minimum standards. Additional requirements may be necessary when the well is constructed or decommissioned adjacent to a known, or potential source of contamination. Examples of sources, or potential sources of contamination are found in the well siting section, WAC 173-160-171.
(2) Nothing in these regulations limits the department's authority to approve comparable alternative specifications for well construction as technology in the industry develops, or new and comparable methods of construction become known to the department.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-101, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-101, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-106
PDF173-160-111
What are the definitions of specific words as used in this chapter?
(4) "Aquifer" is a geologic formation, group of formations, or part of a formation capable of yielding a significant amount of groundwater to wells or springs.
(13) "Confining layer" or "confining formation" means a layer of low hydraulic conductivity material that significantly limits vertical movement of groundwater.
(14) "Consolidated formation" means any geologic formation in which the earth materials have become firm and cohesive through natural rock forming processes. Such rocks commonly found in Washington include basalt, granite, sandstone, shale, conglomerate, and limestone.
(15) "Constructing a well" or "construct a well" means:
(c) Drilling a geotechnical soil boring;
(16) "Contamination" has the meaning provided in RCW 90.48.020.
(17) "Curbing" is a liner or pipe made of concrete, precast tile or steel installed in dug wells to provide an annular space between the well bore and the liner or pipe for sealing.
(18) "Decommissioning" means to fill or plug a well so that it will not produce water, serve as a channel for movement of water or pollution, or allow the entry of pollutants into the well or aquifer(s).
(19) "Department" means the department of ecology.
(20) "Design pumping rate" means the maximum pumping rate as determined by the well driller, without exceeding the department's policy on sand and turbidity.
(21) "Dewatering well" means a cased or lined excavation or boring that is intended to withdraw or divert groundwater for the purpose of facilitating construction, stabilizing a land slide, or protecting an aquifer.
(22) "Director" means director of the department of ecology.
(23) "Disinfection" or "disinfecting" is the use of chlorine, or other disinfecting agent or process approved by the department, in sufficient concentration and contact time adequate to inactivate coliform or other indicator organisms.
(24) "Domestic water supply" is any water supply which serves a family residence(s).
(25) "Draw down" is the measured difference between the static groundwater level and the groundwater level induced by pumping.
(26) "Drilled well" is a well in which the hole is usually excavated by mechanical means such as rotary, cable tool, or auger drilling equipment.
(27) "Drilling log" means a water or resource protection well report.
(28) "Driven well" is a well constructed by joining a "drive point" to a length of pipe, then driving the assembly into the ground.
(29) "Dug well" is a well generally excavated with hand tools or by mechanical methods. The side walls may be supported by material other than standard weight steel casing.
(30) "Filter pack" means clean, well rounded, smooth, uniform, sand or gravel, which is placed in the annulus of the well between the bore hole wall and the liner, perforated pipe, or well screen to prevent formation material from entering the well.
(31) "Formation" means an assemblage of earth materials grouped together into a unit that is convenient for description or mapping.
(32) "Ground source heat pump boring" means a vertical boring constructed for the purpose of installing a closed loop heat exchange system for a ground source heat pump.
(33) "Groundwater" means and includes groundwaters as defined in RCW 90.44.035.
(34) "Grounding well" means a grounding electrode installed in the earth by the use of drilling equipment to prevent buildup of voltages that may result in undue hazards to persons or equipment. Examples are anode and cathode protection wells.
(35) "Grout" is a fluid mixture of cement, bentonite, and water used to seal the annular space around or between well casings, or to decommission wells.
(36) "Impermeable" is a descriptive term for earth materials which have a texture or structure that does not permit fluids to perceptibly move into or through its pores or interstices.
(37) "Liner" means a pipe inserted into a larger casing, or bore hole, after the drilling process has occurred, as a means of maintaining the structural integrity of the well. Liners may only be used in consolidated formations and must meet the requirements of WAC 173-160-201.
(38) "Maximum pumping rate" means the maximum pumping rate, as determined by the well driller, without exceeding the department's policy on sand and turbidity.
(39) "Operator" means a person who:
(40) "Owner" or "well owner" means the person, firm, partnership, copartnership, corporation, association, other entity, or any combination of these, who owns the property on which the well is or will be constructed or has the right to the well by means of an easement, covenant, or other enforceable legal instrument for the purpose of benefiting from the well.
(41) "NSF/ANSI" means the National Sanitation Foundation/American National Standards Institute.
(b) Soils and synthetic liners with a water permeability of 1 x 10-7 cm/sec or less may be considered impermeable.
(43) "Pollution" has the meaning provided in RCW 90.48.020.
(44) "Pressure grouting" is a method of forcing grout into specific portions of a well for sealing purposes.
(45) "Public water supply" is any water supply intended or used for human consumption or other domestic uses, including source, treatment, storage, transmission and distribution facilities where water is furnished to any community, collection or number of individuals, available to the public for human consumption or domestic use, excluding water supplies serving one single-family residence and a system with four or fewer connections, all of which serve residences on the same farm.
(46) "PVC" means polyvinyl chloride, a type of thermoplastic casing or liner.
(47) "Static water level" is the vertical distance from the surface of the ground to the water level in a well when the water level is not affected by withdrawal of groundwater.
(48) "Temporary surface casing" is a length of casing (at least four inches larger in diameter than the nominal size of the permanent casing) which is temporarily installed during well construction to maintain an annular space for later placement of the surface seal as described in WAC 173-160-231. The temporary surface casing shall be removed before well completion.
(49) "Test well" is a well (either cased or uncased), constructed to determine the quantity of water available for beneficial uses, identifying underlying rock formations (lithology), and to locate optimum zones to be screened or perforated. If a test well is constructed with the intent to withdraw water for beneficial use, it must be constructed in accordance with the minimum standards for water supply wells, otherwise they shall be constructed in accordance with the minimum standards for resource protection wells. A water right permit, preliminary permit, or temporary permit shall be obtained prior to constructing a test well unless the anticipated use of water is exempt as provided in RCW 90.44.050. A "test well" is a type of "water well."
(50) "Tremie tube" is a small diameter pipe used to place grout, filter pack material, or other well construction materials in a well.
(51) "Turbidity" means the clarity of water expressed as nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and measured with a calibrated turbidimeter.
(52) "Unconsolidated formation" means any naturally occurring, loosely cemented, or poorly consolidated earth material including such materials as uncompacted gravel, sand, silt and clay.
(53) "Water well" means any excavation that is constructed when the intended use of the well is for the location, diversion, artificial recharge, observation, monitoring, dewatering or withdrawal of groundwater. Water wells include ground source heat pump borings and grounding wells.
(54) "Water well contractor" means any person, firm, partnership, copartnership, corporation, association, or other entity, licensed and bonded under chapter 18.27 RCW, engaged in the business of constructing water wells.
(55) "Water well report" means a document that describes how a water well, ground source heat pump, or grounding well was constructed or decommissioned and identifies components per the requirements of WAC 173-160-141.
(56) "Well alteration(s)" include(s): Deepening, hydrofracturing or other operations intended to increase well yields, or change the characteristics of the well. Well alteration does not include general maintenance, cleaning, sanitation, and pump replacement.
(57) "Well completion" means that construction has progressed to a point at which the drilling equipment has been removed from the site, or a point at which the well can be put to its intended use.
(58) "Well contractor" means a resource protection well contractor and water well contractor licensed and bonded under chapter 18.27 RCW.
(59) "Well driller(s)" or "driller(s)" is synonymous with "operator(s)."
(60) "Well" means water wells, resources protection wells, dewatering wells, and geotechnical soil borings. Well does not mean an excavation made for the purpose of obtaining or prospecting for oil or natural gas, geothermal resources, minerals, or products of mining, or quarrying, or for inserting media to repressure oil or natural gas bearing formations, or for storing petroleum, natural gas, or other products.
(61) "Well screen" means a device, usually made of plastic or metal that is capable of preventing unconsolidated or poorly consolidated geologic material from entering the well. The size of the material which is prevented from entering the well is predetermined and controlled by the screen opening or slot size of the screen. A well screen may include a riser pipe.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-111, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-111, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06; WSR 98-18-104 (Order 98-17), § 173-160-111, filed 9/2/98, effective 10/3/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-111, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-121
What should I know about drilling wells that require water right permits?
(1) Unless a groundwater withdrawal is exempt from the permit requirements under RCW 90.44.050, a well cannot be drilled without the well owner first obtaining a water right permit from the department authorizing the use of water from the well.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-121, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-121, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-131
What should the well owner know about water metering?
The department may require water users to measure the quantity of water withdrawn from wells, to record water use, and/or to report the water use information to the department. Until the department develops specific metering and reporting requirements, these requirements may be provided for in individual water right permits or as otherwise ordered by the department for specific wells and groundwater use.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-131, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-131, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-141
PDF173-160-151
Does the department require prior notice and fees for well constructing, reconstructing, or decommissioning a water well?
(1) Yes. The property owner, owner's agent, or water well operator shall notify the department of their intent to begin wellconstruction or decommissioning procedures at least seventy-two hours before starting work.
(2) The notice of intent is submitted on forms provided by the departmentand must contain the following:
(5) If drilling results in an unusable well:
(b) No additional notice of intent or fee to construct a water well for each subsequent unusable well is required, provided:
(i) A subsequent attempt at constructing a new well is made immediately; and
(ii) The unusable well(s) is properly decommissioned before drilling equipment leaves the well site; and
(iii) The driller follows all requirements under WAC 173-160-040(2); and
(v) A well report describing the decommissioning process is submitted to the department in accordance with this chapter.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-151, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-151, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-151, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-161
How shall each water well be planned and constructed?
Every well must be planned and constructed so that it is:
(1) Adapted to those geologic and groundwater conditions known to exist at the well site to insure utilization of any natural protection available;
(2) Not a conduit for contaminating the groundwater or surface water nor a means of wasting water;
(3) Capable of yielding, where obtainable, the quantity of water necessary to satisfy the requirements the user has stated are needed and for which the well water is intended to be used.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-161, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-161, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-171
What are the requirements for the location of the well site and access to the well?
(1) The proposed water well shall be located where it is not subject to ponding and is not in the floodway, except as provided in chapter 86.16 RCW.
(2) It shall be protected from a one hundred-year flood and from any surface or subsurface drainage capable of impairing the quality of the groundwater supply.
(c) All public water supply well locations shall be approved by the department of health or the local health jurisdiction or other department of health designee.
(i) Before construction begins, final site approval must be obtained from the department of health or the local health jurisdiction.
(d) Local groundwater conditions; and
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-171, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-171, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-171, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-181
What are the requirements for preserving the natural barriers to groundwater movement between aquifers?
(1) In constructing a water well, care shall be taken to preserve the natural barriers to groundwater movement between aquifers.
(2) Care shall be taken to seal aquifers or strata penetrated during drilling operations which might impair water quality or result in cascading water.
(3) Water wells may not interconnect aquifers.
(4) All sealing must be permanent and prevent movement of surface, or groundwater into the annular space between the permanent casing and the bore hole.
(5) Sealing shall prevent the upward movement of artesian waters within the annular space around the well casing and prevent the contamination or wasting of groundwater.
(6) Sealing shall prevent the movement of groundwater either upward or downward from zones that were cased off.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-181, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-191
What are the design and construction requirements for completing wells?
(1) You may complete wells with screens, perforated liners or pipe, or open bottom completion. The well driller or designer shall advise the owner or the owner's representative of the most appropriate method of completion.
(2) All well components must be of sufficient strength to withstand the typical forces to which they are subjected during and after construction.
(11) All liners must be of sufficient strength to withstand typical forces exerted upon the liner material during installation and operation.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-191, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-191, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-191, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-201
What are the casing and liner requirements?
(1) Proper casing must be installed in all water supply wells.
(2) The casing shall withstand typical forces which act upon it during and after installation. It shall be resistant to the corrosive effects of the surrounding formations, earth, and water and shall be impervious to any contaminants encountered.
per foot (pounds)
(c) All plastic casing must be installed only in an oversized drill hole without driving. The oversized hole must be a diameter of at least four inches larger than the outside diameter of the plastic casing or coupling hubs, whichever is larger. Plastic casing and liner must be of sufficient strength to withstand breakage or collapse when installed and while the well is pumped. Plastic casing and liner must meet ASTM potable water standards.
(d) All plastic casing or liner must be new or, in like new condition and clearly marked by the manufacturer showing nominal size, class, type of plastic material, SDR, ASTM designation, and have a NSF seal of approval for use in potable water supplies.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-201, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-201, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06; WSR 98-18-104 (Order 98-17), § 173-160-201, filed 9/2/98, effective 10/3/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-201, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-211
What are the recommended well diameters?
Recommended Well Diameters
in gpm
of Pump Bowls
of Well Casing
75 to 175
2000 to 3800
24 OD
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-211, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-214
What are the limitations for use of drilling materials?
(1) At no time shall a product contain materials that:
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-214, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09.]
PDF173-160-216
What are the standards for use of polymers and additives?
(1) All polymers and additives used in any well shall be certified by NSF/ANSI approval standards for use in potable water supply wells, or equivalent standards as approved by the department. The product shall be clearly labeled as meeting these standards.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-216, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09.]
PDF173-160-221
What are the standards for sealing materials?
(1) Bentonite sealant:
(a) Bentonite used to prepare slurries for sealing or decommissioning shall be specifically designed for this purpose. All bentonite slurries shall be prepared and installed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Active solids content (bentonite) shall be twenty percent by weight or greater in all bentonite slurries. The active solids shall be checked by using the following formula:
(b) Unhydrated bentonite including pelletized, granulated, powder, or chip bentonite may be used in the construction of seals or in decommissioning of wells. The bentonite material shall be specifically designed for sealing or decommissioning and be within the industry tolerances for dry western sodium bentonite. Placement of bentonite shall conform to the manufacturer's specifications and result in a seal free of voids or bridges.
(b) All hydrated sealing materials shall be placed by tremying the mixture from the bottom of the annular space to the surface in one continuous operation.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-221, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-221, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-221, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-231
What are the standards for surface seals?
(1) All water wells constructed shall have a surface seal which seals the annular space between the bore hole and the permanent surface casing.
(a) The seal shall be constructed to prevent surface contaminants from reaching the groundwater.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-231, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-231, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-231, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-241
PDF173-160-251
What are the special sealing standards for artesian wells?
(1) When flowing artesian conditions are known or suspected, the operator shall have a written sealing plan prepared prior to initiation of construction. The plan shall identify the type of sealing material that will be used and the method for sealing. The plan shall also contain at least one alternative construction method for sealing and an emergency contingency section which will identify steps to be taken if the groundwater flow cannot be controlled.
(2) When artesian water is encountered in the well, an unperforated well casing shall extend into the confining stratum overlying the artesian zone. The casing shall be sealed into the confining stratum to prevent surface and subsurface leakage from the artesian zone. If the well flows at land surface, it must be equipped with a control valve so that flow can be completely stopped.
(3) The well shall be completed with seals, packers or grout that eliminates leakage around the well casing. The driller shall not move the drilling rig from the well site until leakage is completely stopped, unless authority for temporary removal is granted by the department, or when loss of life or property is imminent.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-251, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-261
How do I seal dug wells?
The surface seal of all dug wells shall be constructed to effectively seal the annular space between the undisturbed native material of the upper well hole and the well curbing, which may consist of concrete tile, steel pipe or liner. The seal depth shall be at least eighteen feet from land surface or to within three feet of the bottom in dug wells that are less than twenty-one feet in depth. Dug wells may be sealed with cement, neat cement, bentonite, or neat cement grout. A cap shall be placed on all dug wells. Except during maintenance, the cap shall remain in place. The cap shall prevent entry of pollutants, insects, and mammals into the well. See Figure 3.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-261, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-261, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-261, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-271
What are the special sealing standards for driven wells, jetted wells, and dewatering wells?
(1) Driven wells - An upper hole at least four inches greater in diameter than the permanent casing shall extend a minimum of six feet below land surface. The annular space between the upper oversized drill hole and the permanent casing must be kept at least one-half full with bentonite or bentonite slurry throughout all driving of the pipe. The remaining annular space to land surface shall be filled with neat cement grout, neat cement, or bentonite. See Figure 4.
(2) Jetted wells - The surface seal in jetted wells shall be constructed to seal the annular space between the permanent casing and undisturbed native soil. An upper hole at least four inches greater in diameter than the permanent casing shall extend a minimum of six feet below land surface.
(3) Dewatering wells:
(a) Permanent dewatering wells shall be sealed in one of the following manners:
(i) For wells in which the top of the screen interval is greater than twenty-one feet below land surface, the minimum sealing depth shall be eighteen feet.
(ii) If the top of the screen interval is twenty-one feet or less below the land surface, the seal shall be within three feet of the top of the screen. In no instance shall the seal be less than ten feet in depth.
(iii) All permanent dewatering wells shall be constructed to prevent interconnection of separate aquifers penetrated by the well, and provide casing stability.
(b) Temporary dewatering wells are wells that are in place less than twelve months.
(i) Temporary dewatering wells shall have a minimum of a three-foot surface seal.
(ii) Temporary dewatering wells that connect different aquifers, allowing waters to commingle, must have a dewatering plan that addresses and mitigates potential inter-aquifer transfer and cross-contamination.
(iii) All temporary dewatering wells must be decommissioned or reconstructed to meet standards for permanent dewatering wells within twelve months from the date of installation.
(c) The minimum annular space requirements, sealing material, and decommissioning procedures of this chapter apply to all dewatering wells. This includes wells that have been cut down, altered or damaged during the dewatering process. Temporary dewatering wells located within an area to be excavated for construction are exempt from these sealing requirements but are required to be decommissioned in accordance with this chapter.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-271, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-271, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-281
What are the construction standards for artificial gravel-packed wells?
Wells must be constructed in accordance with sealing standards under this chapter. In gravel-packed wells, the gravel mixture shall be placed around the screen so that bridging or size separation does not occur. The gravel pack must be clean, and chemically stable. All gravel and water used must be disinfected with at least fifty parts per million chlorine for a contact time of at least thirty minutes. Rinse water containing chlorine is a pollutant. Chlorine in the rinse water must be allowed to dissipate and the water must be discharged in a safe manner consistent with the intent of the Water Pollution Control Act, chapter 90.48 RCW.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-281, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-281, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-291
What are the standards for the upper terminal of water wells?
(1) The watertight casing or curbing of any well shall extend at least six inches above the ground surface. Pit completion is prohibited.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-291, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-291, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06; WSR 98-18-104 (Order 98-17), § 173-160-291, filed 9/2/98, effective 10/3/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-291, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-301
What are the requirements for temporary capping?
(1) All wells which are not in use, or are temporarily out of service, must be securely capped so that no contamination can enter the well.
(2) Capping must be affixed by solid welds or equal seal to prevent unauthorized access to the well.
(3) Temporary capping alone will not satisfy the decommissioning requirements of this chapter.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-301, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-311
What are the well tagging requirements?
(1) It shall be the operator's responsibility to place a well identification tag with a unique identification number on every well that they construct, alter, or reconstruct within thirty days of completion of the well. The original unique identification number shall be used on all subsequent work and documentation.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-311, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-311, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-311, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
Reviser's note: The permanent filing 09-01-125 contained no amendments to this section.
PDF173-160-321
How do I test a well?
(1) Well authorized by appropriation permit - Before being put to use, each well shall be test pumped for yield and draw down. Reports of the test pumping shall be submitted as required in chapter 90.44 RCW. The driller shall be familiar with and meet all testing procedures outlined in the water right permit. The well shall be test pumped at rates equal to, or greater than, are expected from the well during its normal usage. The test pump for public water supply wells shall be operated continuously for a minimum of four hours, or longer if required by the department of health. The yield and draw down shall be determined following at least four hours of constant rate pumping. Periodic water level observation should be made during draw down and subsequent recovery periods. Periods of observation shall be more frequent during the onset of the draw down and may decrease in frequency as the draw down or recovery proceeds. A bailer test is not an acceptable substitute for testing wells under permit or for public water supply wells.
(2) Wells not requiring appropriation permit - Testing of a well that does not require an appropriation permit shall be conducted at a constant rate for a period of at least one hour or longer if required by the department of health. Test pumping under this section can be either by bailer, air lift, or with a pump.
(3) Test data shall be reported to the department on the water well report by the operator at the time the report is submitted.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-321, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-321, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-331
How do I make sure my equipment and the water well are free of contaminants?
(1) All tools, drilling equipment and materials shall be free of contaminants prior to beginning well construction. Contaminants include lubricants, fuel, bacteria that will reduce the well efficiency, and any other item(s) that will be harmful to public health and/or the resource or reduce the life of the water well.
(2) Every new or reconditioned water well, after completion of construction or repair, and before being placed in service, shall be cleared of all foreign materials, and free of contamination.
(3) The well casing shall be swabbed and cleaned to remove oil, grease or joint dope.
(4) All pumping equipment, sand or gravel used in gravel-packed water wells and the well casing shall be thoroughly sluiced with clean water and disinfected. The disinfecting agent shall be safe and not impair the potability of the groundwater. All disinfectants shall be used in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
(5) Before the well is put to use, the standing water in the well shall be disinfected and flushed to remove all traces of disinfectant. A water sample may then be taken and tested for coliform bacteria or other items required by the state department of health or local health authority. Examples of other test items may include: Nitrates, dissolved solids, sodium, iron, pH, manganese, conductivity, hardness, and turbidity. If testing indicates a presence of coliform bacteria, more stringent disinfecting methods may be required by the department of health or local health authority.
If chlorine is used to disinfect the well water, sufficient chlorine will be added to the standing water to give a residual of fifty ppm free chlorine. The chlorine shall remain in the well for a period of at least twenty-four hours. After twenty-four hours, a minimum of one ppm free chlorine residual shall remain in the water before the well is flushed free of chlorine and a sample taken. Other disinfectants placed in the groundwater shall be used in quantities that are safe, nonpolluting, and that are not a detriment to the potability of the groundwater. All disinfectants used in groundwater shall be used in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
(6) Chlorine and other disinfectants can pollute. Allow the chlorine or other disinfectants in the rinse water to dissipate before discharging the water to surface water. This water shall be discharged in a safe manner consistent with the intent of the Water Pollution Control Act, chapter 90.48 RCW.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-331, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-341
How do I ensure the quality of drilling water?
All water introduced into a well for drilling purposes and for mixing sealing materials shall be obtained from a potable water source and have a chlorine residual of not more than 1 ppm free chlorine.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-341, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-351
What are the standards for pump installation?
All pumps and pumping equipment and materials must be free of contamination and shall be installed in a manner consistent with the intent and purposes of these regulations.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-351, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-361
Who may supervise the use of explosives?
Explosives used for developing or reconditioning any water well must be used under the direct supervision of an individual licensed under chapter 70.74 RCW.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-361, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-371
What are the standards for chemical conditioning?
The use of detergents, chlorine, acids or other chemicals in wells for the purpose of increasing or restoring yield, shall be used according to manufacturer's recommendations. Within a consolidated formation, the placement or use of packers and subsequent pressurization within the bore hole or casing while cleaning or hydrofracturing shall not damage the seal at the drive shoe. Except for disinfection and cleaning of wells, a well drilling license is required for all other chemical conditioning that alters the condition of the water well.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-371, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-371, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-381
What are the standards for decommissioning a well?
Any well which is unusable, abandoned, or whose use has been permanently discontinued, or which is in such disrepair that its continued use is impractical or is an environmental, safety or public health hazard shall be decommissioned. The decommissioning procedure (as prescribed by these regulations) must be recorded and reported as required by the department.
(iv) The casing may be cut off at a maximum of five feet below land surface; or
(iv) Dug wells that are not cast-in-place must have a minimum of three feet of sealing material in contact with native soil below land surface.
(b) Dug wells less than twenty feet deep.
(ii) Static water level ten feet or less from land surface. Decommission by placing clean chlorinated sand or pea gravel to a maximum depth of ten feet below land surface. The remainder of the well shall be filled with unhydrated bentonite, neat cement, neat cement grout, or concrete to within three feet of land surface.
(iii) Static water level of greater than ten feet from land surface. Decommission by placing clean chlorinated sand or pea gravel to the static level. The remainder of the well shall be filled with unhydrated bentonite, neat cement, neat cement grout, or concrete to within three feet of land surface.
(c) Dug wells twenty feet or greater in depth.
(i) Static water level twenty feet or less from the land surface. Decommission by placing chlorinated sand or pea gravel to twenty feet below land surface. The remainder of the well shall be filled with unhydrated bentonite, neat cement, neat cement grout, or concrete to within three feet of land surface.
(ii) Static water level greater than twenty feet from land surface. These wells may be decommissioned by placing chlorinated sand or pea gravel to the static level and then placing alternating layers of sealing material and chlorinated sand or pea gravel to within twenty feet of land surface. The alternating layers of sand or pea gravel must be a maximum of five feet thick. The minimum thickness of the sealing layers must be five feet. The remainder of the well shall be filled with unhydrated bentonite, neat cement, neat cement grout, or concrete to within three feet of land surface.
(a) Sealing material placed below the water level shall be piped directly to the point of application or placed by means of a dump bailer or pumped through a tremie tube. As the sealing material is placed, the existing well tile may be encapsulated into the seal material. If concrete, neat cement grout, bentonite, bentonite slurry, or neat cement is used to seal below the static water level in the well, the material shall be placed from the bottom up by methods that avoid segregation or dilution of the material. When used to place concrete, neat cement, neat cement grout, or bentonite slurry the discharge end of the tremie tube shall be submerged in the sealing material to avoid breaking the seal while filling the annular space.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-381, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 07-06-004 (Order 06-16), § 173-160-381, filed 2/22/07, effective 3/25/07; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-381, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-381, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-390
Artificial recharge of groundwater bodies.
Approval must be obtained from the department before starting any project related to the artificial recharge of groundwater bodies.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-390, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-400
What are the minimum standards for resource protection wells and geotechnical soil borings?
The following minimum standards shall apply to all resource protectionwells and geotechnical soil borings constructed in the state of Washington. It is the responsibility of the resource protection well operator, resource protection well contractor, and the property owner to take whatever measures are necessary to guard against waste and contamination of the groundwater resource.
(1) It will be necessary in some cases to construct resource protectionwells and geotechnical soil borings with additional requirements beyond the minimum standards.
(2) Nothing in this section limits the department's authority to approve comparable alternative specifications for construction as technology in the industry is developed, or new methods of construction become known to the department.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-400, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-400, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-406
How do I apply for a variance on a resource protection well?
(1) When strict compliance with the requirements and standards of this chapter are impractical, any person may submit a variance request to the department from a regulation or regulations. The application for variance must propose a comparable alternative specification that will provide equal or greater human health and resource protection than the minimum standards. Application for a variance shall be made in writing and approved prior to the construction or decommissioning of the well.
(3) The variance application will be evaluated, and a response will be given within fourteen days. In a public health emergency or other exceptional circumstance, verbal notification for a variance may be given. An emergency usually consists of a drilling situation, which if left unaddressed, could harm the groundwater resource. Driller convenience does not constitute an emergency.
(4) The emergency variance recipient must immediately follow up with a written notification to the department so that a permanent record is made of the variance.
(5) Local health districts or counties with delegated authority may grant variances under the provision of chapter 18.104 RCW delegated authority.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-406, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-410
PDF173-160-420
PDF173-160-430
What are the minimum casing standards?
(1) The casing may not affect or interfere with the chemical, physical, radiological, or biological constituents of interest. The casing shall be resistant to the corrosive effects of the surrounding formations, earth, and water and shall be impervious to any contaminants encountered.
(2) The casing shall withstand typical forces which act upon it during and after installation. All resource protection well casing shall conform to ASTM Standards, or at least 304 or 316 stainless steel, PTFE, or Schedule 40 PVC casing.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-430, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-430, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-430, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-440
What are the equipment cleaning standards?
(1) When drilling in known or potential areas of contamination, steam clean the drill rig derrick and all drilling equipment on site before and after well construction. If the equipment is used to drill in radioactive areas, you must develop a decontamination plan and the department must approve that plan prior to the equipment being removed from the drill site.
(2) All well construction materials to include casing, screen(s), and filter pack materialmust be free of contaminants prior to installation.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-440, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-442
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-442, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09.]
PDF173-160-444
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-444, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09.]
PDF173-160-450
What are the well sealing requirements?
(1) All resource protection wells constructed shall have a continuous seal, which seals the annular space between the bore hole and the permanent casing. The seal shall be constructed to prevent interconnection of separate aquifers penetrated by the well, and shall provide casing stability. Except for environmental investigation wells, the seal shall have a minimum diameter of four inches larger than the nominal size of the permanent casing, and shall extend from land surface to the top of the filter pack. The filter pack shall be no less than one foot or greater than five feet above the screen interval. See Figure 7. Wells that are installed using direct push technology will follow the sealing guidelines of WAC 173-160-451.
(2) After the permanent casing has been set in final position, the filter pack (optional) and sealing material shall be placed in the open bore hole annular space that must be a minimum of four inches greater in diameter than the nominal size of the permanent casing. After installing the filter pack (optional) a layer of bentonite shall be placed on top of the filter pack to maintain separation between the seal material and the screened interval. Insure that placement will not disturb the filter pack. The remaining annular space shall be filled to land surface in a continuous operation with bentonite, neat cement, or neat cement grout. If neat cement, neat cement grout or bentonite slurry is used as the sealant, it shall be installed with a tremie tube and pumped from the top of the bentonite plug (above the filter pack) to land surface. Use only potable water to hydrate the mixture.
(3) The completed annular seal shall fully surround the permanent casing, be evenly distributed, free of voids, and extend from the permanent casing to undisturbed or recompacted soil.
(i) Bentonite used to prepare slurries for sealing or decommissioning shall be specifically designed for this purpose. All bentonite slurries shall be prepared and installed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Active solids content (bentonite) shall be twenty percent by weight or greater in all bentonite slurries. The active solids shall be checked by using the following formula:
(ii) Unhydrated bentonite—pelletized, granulated, powder, or chip bentonite may be used in the construction of seals or in decommissioning of wells. The bentonite material shall be specifically designed for sealing or decommissioning and be within the industry tolerances for dry western sodium bentonite. Placement of bentonite shall conform to the manufacturer's specifications and result in a seal free of voids or bridges.
(iii) Expanding agents, such as aluminum powder, may be used at a rate not exceeding 0.075 ounce (1 level teaspoon) per sack (ninety-four pounds per sack) of dry cement. The powder may not contain polishing agents. High-alumina cement and portland cement of any type must not be mixed together.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-450, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-450, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-450, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]
PDF173-160-451
PDF173-160-453
What are the minimum standards for construction of ground source heat pump borings?
(a) Applicability of minimum standards. The minimum standards set forth herein apply to all ground source heat pump borings as defined in WAC 173-160-111.
(ii) The water supply well is not a public water supply well and the reduced set back is adequate to protect against encroachment on the well and can provide adequate protection against potential contamination. The reduced set back shall be no less than seventy-five feet.
(3) Construction standards for ground source heat pump borings. Site specific conditions shall be assessed to determine the best method and materials to be used for sealing the well annulus to protect the groundwater.
(b) In a closed-loop ground source heat pump boring, the material used to make up the heat exchange loop that is placed into the ground must be able to withstand the typical forces which act upon it during and after construction. It shall be resistant to the corrosive effects of the surrounding formations, earth, water, and heat exchange fluids within the pipe.
(c) Pressure testing. Pressure testing will be done in accordance with manufacturer recommended specifications. The closed-loop assembly pipe within the bore hole shall not leak or cause contamination to the groundwater.
(d) All fluids used in the construction and testing of ground source heat pump borings will be handled and utilized in a manner that does not contaminate the groundwater or surface water.
(e) Bore hole size. The hole size for ground source heat pump borings must be of sufficient size to allow placement of the heat exchange loop and tremie tube to the bottom of the hole.
(iii) Mixes of bentonite slurry shall be installed by pumping through a tremie tube in a continuous operation using a positive displacement method. Polymer additives designed to retard swelling are acceptable for use with the bentonite slurry per WAC 173-160-450. The tremie tube will extend to the full depth of the bore hole before pumping begins. Minimum slurry volume used must be equal to or exceed the calculated annulus volume of the bore hole. Grouting material shall surround all pipes remaining in the bore hole to land surface.
(h) Grouting of a permanently cased bore hole shall be sealed in accordance with this chapter. Exception: When the casing is perforated from bottom to land surface and is pressure grouted in accordance with WAC 173-160-381 (1)(a).
(i) Unsuccessful installation of a ground source heat pump boring. If grouting is not successful, the department must preapprove an alternate completion of the ground source heat pump boring. If an alternate completion is not approved, the well must be properly decommissioned.
(j) An open-loop system must meet the construction standards of a water well. If the withdrawal of groundwater exceeds the exemption requirements of RCW 90.44.050, a water right permit is required.
(k) It shall be the responsibility of the driller to properly construct the bore hole, pressure test the loop pipe, install the loop pipe, and grout the bore hole.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-453, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-453, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06.]
PDF173-160-456
What are the minimum standards for construction of grounding wells?
(1) Grounding wells (cathodic protection wells or anode wells) must be constructed in accordance with the provisions of Part One—General Requirements for Water Well Construction, chapter 173-160 WAC.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-456, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 06-23-121 (Order 06-08), § 173-160-456, filed 11/21/06, effective 12/22/06.]
PDF173-160-457
How are vibrating wire piezometers constructed?
(1) The bore hole containing the vibrating wire piezometers shall have a minimum diameter at least four inches larger than the diameter of the instrument.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-457, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09.]
PDF173-160-458
What sealing materials are allowed for sealing vibrating wire piezometers?
(1) Vibrating wire piezometers shall be sealed using materials as allowed in WAC 173-160-450; or sealing materials as designed and recommended by the manufacturer provided that the material, when placed, provides a permeability of 1 x 10-7 cm/sec or less. The licensed driller or engineer shall provide documentation from the manufacturer demonstrating that the sealing material meets the permeability requirements of this section.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-458, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09.]
PDF173-160-460
PDF173-160-990
Well construction illustrations.
Figure 5. suggested methods for installing pressure gages and air lines for measuring water levels in wells
Figure 6. general resource protection well—cross section.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW. WSR 09-01-125 (Order 08-10), § 173-160-990, filed 12/19/08, effective 1/19/09; WSR 98-18-104 (Order 98-17), § 173-160-990, filed 9/2/98, effective 10/3/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 18.104 RCW and RCW 43.21A.080. WSR 98-08-032 (Order 97-08), § 173-160-990, filed 3/23/98, effective 4/23/98.]