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Timestamp: 2017-06-29 00:59:55
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Patent US5677272 - Bleaching compositions comprising protease enzymes - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe invention herein provides bleaching compositions comprising a protease enzyme which is a carbonyl hydrolase variant having an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which is derived by replacement of a plurality of amino acid residues of a precursor carbonyl hydrolase with different amino acids,...http://www.google.com/patents/US5677272?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5677272 - Bleaching compositions comprising protease enzymesAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5677272 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/322,677Publication dateOct 14, 1997Filing dateOct 13, 1994Priority dateOct 14, 1993Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2173106A1, CA2173106C, CN1088102C, CN1137288A, CN1177921C, CN1317560A, DE69432954D1, DE69432954T2, EP0723580A1, EP0723580B1, WO1995010592A1Publication number08322677, 322677, US 5677272 A, US 5677272A, US-A-5677272, US5677272 A, US5677272AInventorsChanchal Kumar Ghosh, Michael Eugene Burns, David Neil DiGiulio, Edward Eugene Getty, Richard Timothy Hartshorn, Alan David Willey, Philip F. Brode, Bobby L. Barnett, Donn N. RubinghOriginal AssigneeThe Procter & Gamble CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (38), Non-Patent Citations (31), Referenced by (82), Classifications (74), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetBleaching compositions comprising protease enzymes
US 5677272 AAbstract
The invention herein provides bleaching compositions comprising a protease enzyme which is a carbonyl hydrolase variant having an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which is derived by replacement of a plurality of amino acid residues of a precursor carbonyl hydrolase with different amino acids, wherein said plurality of amino acid residues replaced in the precursor enzyme correspond to position +76 in combination with one or more of the following residues: +99, +101, +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265, and/or +274, where the numbered positions corresponds to naturally-occurring subtilisin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or to equivalent amino acid residues in other carbonyl hydrolases or subtilisins (such as Bacillus lentus subtilisin) and a bleaching agent.
1. A fabric cleaning composition comprising:(a) from about 0.0001% to about 10% protease enzyme which is an N76D/S103A/V1041 subtilisin variant derived from Bacillus lentus subtilisin; (b) from about 0.5% to about 20% of a bleaching system comprising at least about 0.1% by weight of a peroxygen bleaching compound capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous liquor and at least 0.1% by weight of one or more bleach activators, wherein said bleach activators are members selected from the group consisting of:i) a bleach activator of the general formula: ##STR26## or mixtures thereof, wherein R1 is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R5 is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is a leaving group; ii) a benzoxazin-type bleach activator of the formula: ##STR27## wherein R1 is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, and wherein R2, R3, R4, and R5 may be the same or different substituents selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkylamino, --COOR6, wherein R6 is H or an alkyl group and carbonyl functions; iii) a N-acyl caprolactam bleach activator of the formula: ##STR28## wherein R6 is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons; and iv) mixtures of i), ii) and iii); (c) at least about 5% surfactant; (d) at least about 5% builder; and (e) optionally, one or more cleaning composition materials compatible with the protease enzyme and bleaching system selected from the group consisting of solvents, buffers, enzymes, soil release agents, clay soil removal agents, dispersing agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, fabric softeners, suds boosters, enzyme stabilizers, dyes, perfumes, and mixtures thereof. 2. The fabric cleaning composition according to claim 1 wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzene sulfonates, primary alkyl sulfates, secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxy sulfates, alkyl alkoxy carboxylates, alkyl polyglycosides and their corresponding sulfated polyglycosides, alpha-sulfonated farry acid esters, alkyl and alkyl phenol alkoxylates, betaines and sulfobetaines, amine oxides, N-methyl glucamides, nonionic primary alcohol ethoxylates, nonionic primary/alcohol mixed ethoxy/propoxy, and mixtures thereof; and wherein further the builder is selected from the group consisting of zeolites, polycarboxylates, layered silicates, phosphates, and mixtures thereof.
3. A composition according to claim 2 further comprising at least about 0.001%, by weight of said cleaning composition, of at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, peroxidases and mixtures thereof.
4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said bleach activator is selected from the group consisting of benzoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, (6-nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the peroxygen bleaching compound is selected from the group consisting of sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, sodium percarbonate, sodium peroxide and mixtures thereof.
6. A composition according to claim 5 wherein the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to bleach activator is greater than about 1.0.
7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R2 contains from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and R5 is H or methyl.
8. A composition according to claim 1 wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 7 to about 10 carbon atoms and R2 contains from about 4 to about 5 carbon atoms, and wherein L is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR29## wherein R3 is an alkyl chain containing from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and Y is --SO3 --M+ or --CO2 --M+ wherein M is sodium or potassium.
9. A composition according to claim 1 comprising an N-acyl caprolactam selected from the group consisting of benzoyl caprolactam, octanoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl capro-lactam, decanoyl caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, and mixtures thereof.
10. A method for cleaning fabric, said method comprising contacting a fabric in need of cleaning with a wash solution containing an effective amount of a composition according to claim 1.
This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/136,626 filed Oct. 14, 1993, now abandoned and U.S. application Ser. No. 08/237,938, filed May 2, 1994, now abandoned both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
It has also long been known that peroxygen bleaches are effective for stain and/or soil removal from fabrics, but that such bleaches are temperature dependent. At a laundry liquor temperature of 60° C., peroxygen bleaches are only partially effective. As the laundry liquor temperature is lowered below 60° C., peroxygen bleaches become relatively ineffective. As a consequence, there has been a substantial amount of industrial research to develop effective bleaching systems.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,551, Burns et al, issued Jan. 6, 1987, discloses amido peroxyacid bleaching compounds and their precursors which are employed in the present invention. See also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,852,989, Burns et al, issued Aug. 1, 1989. U.S. Pat. No. 5,069,809, Lagerwaard et al, issued Dec. 3, 1991 discloses the combination of NOBS bleach activators with LIPOLASE, lipase enzymes. See E.P. Patent 341,947, Lagerwaard, et al, published Nov. 15, 1989 for a discussion of the compatibility problems of lipase enzymes with certain bleaching systems. U.S. Pat. No. 4,545,784, Sanderson, issued Oct. 8, 1985, discloses the absorption of activators onto sodium perborate monohydrate.
The invention herein provides bleaching compositions comprising:
(a) an effective amount of protease enzyme which is a carbonyl hydrolase variant having an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which is derived by replacement of a plurality of amino acid residues of a precursor carbonyl hydrolase with different amino acids, wherein said plurality of amino acid residues replaced in the precursor enzyme correspond to position +76 in combination with one or more of the following residues: +99, +101, +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265, and/or +274, where the numbered positions corresponds to naturally-occurring subtilisin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or to equivalent amino acid residues in other carbonyl hydrolases or subtilisins (such as Bacillus lentus subtilisin); and
The invention also encompasses a method for cleaning fabrics comprising contacting, preferably with agitation, said fabrics with an aqueous liquor containing said bleaching compositions. The method can be carried out at temperatures below about 60° C. but, of course, is quite effective at laundry temperatures up to the boil. The aqueous laundry liquor preferably comprises at least about 300 ppm of conventional detergent ingredients, as well as at least about 25 ppm of bleach activator and at least about 25 ppm of bleaching compound. Preferably, said aqueous liquor comprises from about 900 ppm to about 20,000 ppm of the conventional detergent ingredients, from about 100 ppm to about 25,000 ppm of bleaching compound and from about 100 ppm to about 2,500 ppm of said bleach activator.
FIGS. 1A-C, depict the DNA and amino acid sequence for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin and a partial restriction map of this gene (Seq. ID No.6).
FIGS. 6A and 6B depict the DNA and amino acid sequence of subtilisin from Bacillus lentus (Seq. ID No. 11). The mature subtilisin protein is coded by the codons beginning at the codon GCG (334-336) corresponding to Ala.
FIGS. 7A and 7B depict the DNA and amino acid sequence of a preferred embodiment of the invention (N76D/S103A/V1041) (Seq. ID No. 12). The DNA in this figure has been modified by the methods described to encode aspartate at position 76, alanine at position 103 and isoleucine at position 104. The mature subtilisin variant protein is coded by the codons beginning at the codon GCG (334-336) corresponding to Ala.
The protease enzymes, bleaching agents (including peroxyacids and bleaching systems) and cleaning composition materials useful herein, including preferred levels, are described in detail hereinafter.
(1) Bleaching Agent
The bleaching compositions herein contain a bleaching agent, which preferably comprises from about 0.5 to about 20 wt. % of the composition. The bleaching agent is either a substantially insoluble, preferably solid, organic peroxyacid, or a bleaching system comprising a bleach activator and a peroxygen bleaching compound capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide, or a combination of both. The peracid which is in the composition, or which is formed by the combination of activator and peroxygen compound, preferably has a corresponding carboxylic acid that has a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance ("H.L.B.") value which ranges from about 3 to about 6.5. Therefore, a method that can be used to characterize the preferred peroxyacids (from activators or as preformed peroxyacids) which are useful in the present invention is the "H.L.B. Scale" such as that described in Davies, J. T., Proc 2nd Internat. Congr. Surface Activity 1,. 426, Butterworths, London (1957), incorporated herein by reference. Such an H.L.B. Scale (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) has been used in the study of surface-active agents (surfactants) as a means to relate the distribution of a surface-active agent between a hydrophilic (water-like) and a lipophilic (oil-like) phase. In this manner, H.L.B. values can be used as an indication of the lipophilic (hydrophobic) character of the active bleaching species in the wash (i.e., the ability of the peroxyacid to partition out of the wash liquor and concentrate at the soil/fabric interface).
Set forth hereinafter in Table A are H.L.B. values which have been calculated for selected peroxyacids (as the corresponding carboxylic acids). The equation used to calculate the H.L.B. values can be set forth as:
HLB=Sum (Hydrophilic Group Numbers)-Sum (Hydrophobic Group Numbers)+7.
The values for the Hydrophilic Group Numbers am --C(O)OH &--N(H)C(O)--=2.1! and the values for the Hydrophobic Group Numbers are aliphatic/aromatic carbon=0.475 & aliphatic carbon atoms between polar groups are 1/2 the value of an aliphatic carbon in a hydrocarbon chain=(0.475)/2!. For reference, an H.L.B. value>7 indicates that the material is preferentially water soluble and an H.L.B. value<7 indicates increasing surface-activity and hydrophobicity.
TABLE A______________________________________H.L.B. Value Provided by Various Peroxyacids                             H.L.B.                             CorrespondingActivator/Preformed               CarboxylicPeroxyacid  Abbreviation                 Peroxyacid  Acid______________________________________Tetra Acetyl       TAED      CH3 C(O)OOH                             8.6Ethylene DiamineDiPeroxyDodecane       DPDDA     HOO(O)C(CH2)-                             6.5Dioic Acid            10 -C(O)OOHNonyl Amide of       NAPSA     CH3 (CH2)8 N(H)-                             6.4Peroxy Succinic Acid  C(O)(CH2)2 C(O)-                 OOHBenzoylOxyBenzene       BOBS      C6 H5 C(O)OOH                             6.3SulfonateNonyl Amide of       NAPAA     CH3 (CH2)8 N(H)-                             6.0Peroxy Adipic Acid    C(O)(CH2)4 C(O)-                 OOHNonanoylOxyBen-       NOBS      CH3 (CH2)7 C(O)-                             5.3zene Sulfonate        OOHDecanoylOxyBen-       DOBS      CH3 (CH2)8 C(O)-                             4.8zene Sulfonate        OOHPerLauric Acid       PLA       CH3 (CH2)10 C-                             3.9                 (O)OOH______________________________________
As noted hereinbefore, a preferred range of H.L.B. values (of the corresponding carboxylic acid) for the peroxyacids of the present invention (whether added directly or generated in situ) ranges from about 3.0 to about 6.5. A more preferred range of H.L.B. values (as the carboxylic acid) for the peroxyacids useful in the present invention (whether added directly or generated in situ) range from about 4.0 to 6.5. The most preferred range of H.L.B. values (as the carboxylic acid) for the peroxyacids of the present invention (whether added directly as generated in situ) ranges from about 4.0 to about 6.0.
(a) Peroxyacid
The present invention encompasses detergent compositions comprising an effective amount of the protease enzyme and a bleaching system comprising at least about 0.1%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 50%, by weight, of a substantially insoluble organic peroxyacid. The peroxyacid useful herein preferably comprises from about 0.5 to about 20, more preferably from about 1 to about 10, most preferably from about 2 to about 7, wt. % of the composition.
Preferred organic peroxyacids are selected from the group consisting of 4-nonylamino-4-oxoperoxybutyric acid; 6-(nonyl-amino)-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid; 1,12-diperoxydodecanedioic acid; heptyl sulfonylperpropionic acid; decylsulphonyl perpropionic acid; and heptyl-octyl-, nonyl-, decyl-sulphonylperbutyric acid; and mixtures thereof.
Of the organic peroxyacids, amidoperoxyacids (amide substituted peroxycarboxylic acids) are preferred. Suitable amidoperoxyacids for use herein are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,634,551 and 4,686,063, both Burns et al., issued Jan. 6, 1987 and Aug. 11, 1987, respectively, both incorporated herein by reference. Suitable amidoperoxyacids are of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R1 is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms (preferably R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms), R2 is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms (preferably R2 is an alkylene group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms), and R5 is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms (preferably R5 is H). More preferably, R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms, and R2 is an alkylene group containing from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms
Also suitable for use herein are peroxyfumarates, which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,852,989, Burns et al., issued Aug. 1, 1989, incorporated herein by reference, and sulfone peroxyacids (sulfone peroxycarboxylic acids), which are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,758,369, 4,824,591, and 5,004,558, all Dryoff et al., issued Jul. 19, 1988, Apr. 25, 1989, and Apr. 2, 1991, respectively, all incorporated herein by reference.
The amidoperoxyacid wet cake thus obtained can be contacted with a phosphate buffer solution at a pH between about 3.5 and 6, preferably between about 4 and 5, according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,909,953, Sadlowski et al., issued Mar. 20, 1990, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The wet cake is preferably made up of particles with an average particle diameter of from about 0.1 to about 260 microns, preferably from about 10 to about 100 microns, and most preferably from about 30 to about 60 microns. Small particle size NAPAA crystals are desired herein. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,055,218, Getty et al., issued Oct. 8, 1991, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Most preferred for use herein is NAPAA. Another name for the nonylamide of peroxyadipic acid ("NAPAA") is 6-(nonylamino)-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid. The chemical formula for NAPAA is: ##STR2## The molecular weight of NAPAA is 287.4.
(b) Bleaching Systems--Bleach Activator and Peroxygen Bleaching Compound
The bleach activator for the bleaching systems useful herein preferably has the following structure: ##STR3## wherein R is an alkyl group containing from about 5 to about 18 carbon atoms wherein the longest linear alkyl chain extending from and including the carbonyl carbon contains from about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms and L is a leaving group, the conjugate acid of which has a pKa in the range of from about 4 to about 13, preferably from about 6 to about 11, most preferably from about 8 to about 11.
Preferred bleach activators are those of the general formula: ##STR4## wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R5 is H or alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR5## wherein R6 is an alkylene, arylene, or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R3 is an alkyl chain containing from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, R4 is H or R3, and Y is H or a solubilizing group. Y is preferably selected from the group consisting of --SO3 --M+, --COO--M+, --SO4 --M+, (--N+R'3)X-- and O←N(R'3), wherein R' is an alkyl chain containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, M is a cation which provides solubility to the bleach activator and X is an anion which provides solubility to the bleach activator. Preferably, M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred, and X is an anion selected from the group consisting of halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate and acetate anions. More preferably, Y is --SO3 --M+ and --COO--M+. It should be noted that bleach activators with a leaving group that does not contain a solubilizing group should be well dispersed in the bleach solution in order to assist in their dissolution. Preferred is: ##STR6## wherein R3 is as defined above and Y is --SO3 --M+ or --COO--M+ wherein M is as defined above.
Especially preferred bleach activators are those wherein R1 is a linear alkyl chain containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R2 is a linear alkylene chain containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R5 is H, and L is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR7## wherein R3 is as defined above, Y is --SO3 --M+ or --COO--M+ and M is as defined above.
A preferred bleach activator is: ##STR8## wherein R is H, alkyl, aryl or alkaryl. This is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,966,723, Hodge et al., incorporated by reference herein.
Preferred bleach activators are: ##STR9## wherein R1 is H or an alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and R2 is an alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and L is as defined above.
More preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formula wherein R is a linear alkyl chain containing from about 5 to about 9 and preferably from about 6 to about 8 carbon atoms and L is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR10## wherein R, R2, R3 and Y are as defined above.
Particularly preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formula wherein R is an alkyl group containing from about 5 to about 12 carbon atoms wherein the longest linear portion of the alkyl chain extending from and including the carbonyl carbon is from about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR11## wherein R2 is an alkyl chain containing from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and Y is --SO--3 M+ or --COO--M+ wherein M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation.
Especially preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formula wherein R is a linear alkyl chain containing from about 5 to about 9 and preferably from about 6 to about 8 carbon atoms and L is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR12## wherein R2 is as defined above and Y is --SO--3 M+ or --COO--M+ wherein M is as defined above.
The most preferred bleach activators have the formula: ##STR13## wherein R is a linear alkyl chain containing from about 5 to about 9 and preferably from about 6 to about 8 carbon atoms and M is sodium or potassium.
Further particularly preferred for use in the present invention bleaching compositions are the following bleach activators which are particularly safe for use with machines having natural rubber parts. This is believed to be the result of not producing oily diacylperoxide (DAP) species by the perhydrolysis reaction of these amido acid-derived bleach activators, but rather forming insoluble crystalline solid DAP's. These solids are believed to not form a coating film and thus natural rubber parts are not exposed to DAP's for extended periods of time. These preferred bleach activators are members selected from the group consisting of:
a) a bleach activator of the general formula: ##STR14## or mixtures thereof, wherein R1 is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R5 is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is a leaving group;
b) benzoxazin-type bleach activators of the general formula: ##STR15## wherein R1 is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, and wherein R2, R3, R4, and R5 may be the same or different substituents selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkylamino, COOR6 (wherein R6 is H or an alkyl group) and carbonyl functions;
c) N-acyl caprolactam bleach activators of the formula: ##STR16## wherein R6 is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons; and
d) mixtures of a), b) and c).
Preferred bleach activators of type a) are those wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R2 contains from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and R5 is H or methyl. Particularly preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formulas wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 7 to about 10 carbon atoms and R2 contains from about 4 to about 5 carbon atoms.
Preferred bleach activators of type b) are those wherein R2, R3, R4, and R5 are H and R1 is a phenyl group.
The preferred acyl moieties of said N-acyl caprolactam bleach activators of type c) have the formula R6 --CO-- wherein R6 is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons, preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. In highly preferred embodiments, R6 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, decenyl and mixtures thereof.
Amido Derived Bleach Activators--The bleach activators of type a) employed in the present invention are amide substituted compounds of the general formulas: ##STR17## or mixtures thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R5 are as defined above and L can be essentially any suitable leaving group. Preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formula wherein R1, R2 and R5 are as defined for the peroxyacid and L is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR18## and mixtures thereof, wherein R1 is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R13 is an alkyl chain containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, R4 is H or R3, and Y is H or a solubilizing group.
The preferred solubilizing groups are --SO3 - M+, --CO2 - M+, --SO4 - M+, --N+ (R3)4 X- and O<N(R3)3 and most preferably--SO3 - M+ and --CO2 - M+ wherein R3 is an alkyl chain containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, M is a cation which provides solubility to the bleach activator and X is an anion which provides solubility to the bleach activator. Preferably, M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred, and X is a halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate or acetate anion. It should be noted that bleach activators with a leaving group that does not contain a solubilizing groups should be well dispersed in the bleaching solution in order to assist in their dissolution.
Preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formula wherein L is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR19## wherein R3 is as defined above and Y is --SO3 - M+ or --CO2 - M+ wherein M is as defined above.
Another important class of bleach activators, including those of type b) and type c), provide organic peracids as described herein by ring-opening as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the cyclic ring by the perhydroxide anion. For instance, this ring-opening reaction in type c) activators involves attack at the caprolactam ring carbonyl by hydrogen peroxide or its anion. Since attack of an acyl caprolactam by hydrogen peroxide or its anion occurs preferably at the exocyclic carbonyl, obtaining a significant fraction of ring-opening may require a catalyst. Another example of ring-opening bleach activators can be found in type b) activators, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,966,723, Hodge et al, issued Oct. 30, 1990.
Benzoxazin-type Bleach Activators--Such activator compounds disclosed by Hodge include the activators of the benzoxazin-type, having the formula: ##STR20## including the substituted benzoxazins of the type ##STR21## wherein R1 is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, and wherein R2, R3, R4, and R5 may be the same or different substituents selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkyl amino, COOR6 (wherein R6 is H or an alkyl group) and carbonyl functions.
A preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is: ##STR22##
N-Acyl Caprolactam Bleach Activators--The N-acyl caprolactam bleach activators of type c) employed in the present invention have the formula: ##STR23## wherein R6 is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons. Caprolactam activators wherein the R6 moiety contains at least about 6, preferably from 6 to about 12, carbon atoms provide hydrophobic bleaching which affords nucleophilic and body soil clean-up, as noted above. Caprolactam activators wherein R6 comprises from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms provide hydrophilic bleaching species which are particularly efficient for bleaching beverage stains. Mixtures of hydrophobic and hydrophilic caprolactams, typically at weight ratios of 1:5 to 5:1, preferably 1:1, can be used herein for mixed stain removal benefits.
Contrary to the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,545,784, the bleach activator is preferably not absorbed onto the peroxygen bleaching compound. To do so in the presence of other organic detersive ingredients could cause safety problems.
The bleach activators of type a), b) or c) will comprise at least about 0.1%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 50%, more preferably from about 1% to about 30%, most preferably from about 3% to about 25%, by weight of bleaching system or detergent composition.
The preferred amido-derived and caprolactam bleach activators herein can also be used in combination with rubber-safe, enzyme-safe, hydrophilic activators such as TAED, typically at weight ratios of amido-derived or caprolactam activators:TAED in the range of 1:5 to 5:1, preferably about 1:1.
(ii) The Peroxygen Bleaching Compound
The peroxygen bleaching systems useful herein are those capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous liquor. These compounds are well known in the art and include hydrogen peroxide and the alkali metal peroxides, organic peroxide bleaching compounds such as urea peroxide, and inorganic persalt bleaching compounds, such as the alkali metal perborates, percarbonates, perphosphates, and the like. Mixtures of two or more such bleaching compounds can also be used, if desired.
Preferred peroxygen bleaching compounds include sodium perborate, commercially available in the form of mono-, tri-, and tetrahydrate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, sodium percarbonate, and sodium peroxide. Particularly preferred are sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium perborate monohydrate and sodium percarbonate. Percarbonate is especially preferred because it is very stable during storage and yet still dissolves very quickly in the bleaching liquor. It is believed that such rapid dissolution results in the formation of higher levels of percarboxylic acid and, thus, enhanced surface bleaching performance.
The peroxygen bleaching compound will comprise at least about 0.1%, preferably from about 1% to about 75%, more preferably from about 3% to about 40%, most preferably from about 3% to about 25%, by weight of bleaching system or detergent composition.
The weight ratio of bleach activator to peroxygen bleaching compound in the bleaching system typically ranges from about 2:1 to 1:5. Preferred ratios range from about 1:1 to about 1:3.
The molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide yielded by the peroxygen bleaching compound to the bleach activator is greater than about 1.0, more preferably greater than about 1.5, and most preferably from about 2.0 to about 10. Preferably, the bleaching compositions herein comprise from about 0.5 to about 20, most preferably from about 1 to about 10, wt. % of the peroxygen bleaching compound.
The bleach activator/bleaching compound systems herein are useful per se as bleaches. However, such bleaching systems are especially useful in compositions which can comprise various detersive adjuncts such as surfactants, builders and the like.
(2) Protease Enzymes:
The invention includes protease enzymes which are non-naturally-occurring carbonyl hydrolase variants having a different proteolytic activity, stability, substrate specificity, pH profile and/or performance characteristic as compared to the precursor carbonyl hydrolase from which the amino acid sequence of the variant is derived. The precursor carbonyl hydrolase may be a naturally-occurring carbonyl hydrolase or recombinant hydrolase. Specifically, such carbonyl hydrolase variants have an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which is derived by replacement of a plurality of amino acid residues of a precursor carbonyl hydrolase with different amino acids. The plurality of amino acid residues of the precursor enzyme correspond to position +76 in combination with one or more of the following residues +99, +101, +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265, and/or +274, where the numbered position corresponds to naturally-occurring subtilisin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or to equivalent amino acid residues in other carbonyl hydrolases or subtilisins, such as Bacillus lentus subtilisin.
The carbonyl hydrolase variants which are protease enzyme useful in the present invention compositions comprise replacement of amino acid residue +76 in combination with one or more additional modifications. Preferably the variant protease enzymes useful for the present invention comprise the substitution, deletion or insertion of amino acid residues in the following combinations: 76/99; 76/101; 76/103; 76/104; 76/107; 76/123; 76/99/101; 76/99/103; 76/99/104; 76/101/103; 76/101/104; 76/103/104; 76/104/107; 76/104/123; 76/107/123; 76/99/101/103; 76/99/101/104; 76/99/103/104; 76/101/103/104; 76/103/104/123; 76/104/107/123; 76/99/101/103/104; 76/99/103/104/123; 76/99/101/103/104/123; 76/103/104/128; 76/103/104/260; 76/103/104/265; 76/103/104/197; 76/103/104/105; 76/103/104/135; 76/103/104/126; 76/103/104/107; 76/103/104/210; 76/103/104/126/265; and/or 76/103/104/222. Most preferably the variant enzymes useful for the present invention comprise the substitution, deletion or insertion of an amino acid residue in the following combination of residues: 76/99; 76/104; 76/99/104; 76/103/104; 76/104/107; 76/101/103/104; 76/99/101/103/104 and 76/101/104 of B. amyloliquefaciens subtilisin.
Variant DNA sequences encoding such carbonyl hydrolase or subtilisin variants are derived from a precursor DNA sequence which encodes a naturally-occurring or recombinant precursor enzyme. The variant DNA sequences are derived by modifying the precursor DNA sequence to encode the substitution of one or more specific amino acid residues encoded by the precursor DNA sequence corresponding to positions 76, 99, 101, 103, 104, 107, 123, 27, 105, 109, 126, 128, 135, 156, 166, 195, 197, 204, 206, 210, 216, 217, 218, 222, 260, 265 and/or 274, in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or any combination thereof. Although the amino acid residues identified for modification herein are identified according to the numbering applicable to B. amyloliquefaciens (which has become the conventional method for identifying residue positions in all subtilisins), the preferred precursor DNA sequence useful for the present invention is the DNA sequence of Bacillus lentus as shown in FIG. 6 (Seq. ID No. 11).
These variant DNA sequences encode the insertion or substitution of the amino acid residue 76 in combination with one or more additional modification. Preferably the variant DNA sequences encode the substitution or insertion of amino acid residues in the following combinations: 76/99; 76/101; 76/103; 76/104; 76/107; 76/123; 76/99/101; 76/99/103; 76/99/104; 76/101/103; 76/101/104; 76/103/104; 76/104/107; 76/104/123; 76/107/123; 76/99/101/103; 76/99/101/104 76/99/103/104; 76/101/103/104; 76/103/104/123; 76/104/107/123; 76/99/101/103/104; 76/99/103/104/123; 76/99/101/103/104/123; 76/103/104/128; 76/103/104/260; 76/103/104/265; 76/103/104/197; 76/103/104/105; 76/103/104/135; 76/103/104/126; 76/103/104/107; 76/103/104/210; 76/103/104/126/265; and/or 76/103/104/222. Most preferably the variant DNA sequences encode for the modification of the following combinations of residues: 76/99; 76/104; 76/99/104; 76/103/104; 76/104/107; 76/101/103/104; 76/99/101/103/104 and 76/101/104. These recombinant DNA sequences encode carbonyl hydrolase variants having a novel amino acid sequence and, in general, at least one properly which is substantially different from the same property of the enzyme encoded by the precursor carbonyl hydrolase DNA sequence. Such properties include proteolytic activity, substrate specificity, stability, altered pH profile and/or enhanced performance characteristics.
The protease enzymes useful herein encompass the substitution of any of the nineteen naturally occurring L-amino acids at the designated amino acid residue positions. Such substitutions can be made in any precursor subtilisin (procaryotic, eucaryotic, mammalian, etc.). Thoughout this application reference is made to various amino acids by way of common one- and three-letter codes. Such codes are identified in Dale, J. W., (1989), Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Appendix B.
Preferably, the substitution to be made at each of the identified amino acid residue positions include but are not limited to: substitutions at position 76 including D, H, E, G, F, K, P and N; substitutions at position 99 including D, T, N, Q, G and S; substitutions at position 101 including G, D, K, L, A, E, S and R; substitutions at position 103 including Q, T, D, E, Y, K, G, R, S, and A; substitutions at position 104 including all nineteen naturally-occurring amino acids; substitutions at position 107 including V, L, M, Y, G, E, F, T, S, A, N and I; substitutions at position 123 including N, T, I, G, A, C, and S; substitutions at position 27 including K, N, C, V and T; substitutions at position 105 including A, D, G, R and N; substitutions at position 107 including A, L, V, Y, G, F, T, S and A; substitutions at position 109 including S, K, R, A, N and D; substitutions at position 126 including A, F, I, V and G; substitutions at position 128 including G, L and A; substitutions at position 135 including A, F, I, S and V; substitutions at position 156 including D, E, A, G, Q and K; substitutions at position 166 including all nineteen naturally-occurring amino acids; substitutions at position 195 including E; substitutions at position 197 including E; substitutions at position 204 including A, G, C, S and D; substitutions at position 206 including L, Y, N, D and E; substitutions at position 210 including L, I, S, C and F; substitutions at position 216 including V, E, T and K; substitutions at position 217 including all nineteen naturally-occurring amino acids; substitutions at position 218 including S, A, G, T and V; substitutions at position 222 including all nineteen naturally-occurring amino acids; substitutions at position 260 including P, N, G, A, S, C, K and D; substitutions at position including N, G, A, S, C, K, Y and H; and substitutions at position 274 including A and S. The specifically preferred amino acid(s) to be substituted at each such position are designated below in Table I. Although specific amino acids are shown in Table I, it should be understood that any amino acid may be substituted at the identified residues.
TABLE I______________________________________Amino Acid   Preferred Amino Acid toResidue      be Substituted/Inserted______________________________________+76          D, H+99          D, T, N, G+101         R, G, D, K, L, A, E+103         A, Q, T, D, E, Y, K, G, R+104         I, Y, S, L, A, T, G, F, M, W, D, V, N+107         V, L, Y, G, F, T, S, A, N+123         S, T, I+27          K+105         A, D+109         S, K, R+126         A, I, V, F+128         G, L+135         I, A, S+156         E, D, Q+166         D, G, E, K, N, A, F, I, V, L+195         E+197         E+204         A, G, C+206         L+210         I, S, C+216         V+217         H, I, Y, C, A, G, F, S, N, E, K+218         s+222         A, Q, S, C, I, K+260         P, A, S, N, G+265         N, A, G, S+274         A, S______________________________________
Also, in vitro mutation at residues equivalent to +99, +101, +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265, and/or +274 in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin, alone or in combination with each other and in any combination with +76 mutations, produce subtilisin variants exhibiting altered proteolytic activity, altered thermal stability, altered pH profile, altered substrate specificity and/or altered performance characteristics.
Carbonyl hydrolases are protease enzymes which hydrolyze compounds containing ##STR24## bonds in which X is oxygen or nitrogen. They include naturally-occurring carbonyl hydrolases and recombinant carbonyl hydrolases. Naturally-occurring carbonyl hydrolases principally include hydrolases, e.g., peptide hydrolases such as subtilisins or metalloproteases. Peptide hydrolases include α-aminoacylpeptide hydrolase, peptidylamino acid hydrolase. acylamino hydrolase, serine carboxypeptidase, metallocarboxypeptidase, thiol proteinase, carboxylproteinase and metalloproteinase. Serine, metallo, thiol and acid proteases are included, as well as endo and exo-proteases.
"Recombinant carbonyl hydrolase" refers to a carbonyl hydrolase in which the DNA sequence encoding the naturally-occurring carbonyl hydrolase is modified to produce a mutant DNA sequence which encodes the substitution, insertion or deletion of one or more amino acids in the carbonyl hydrolase amino acid sequence. Suitable modification methods are disclosed herein, and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,760,025 (Re. 34,606), 5,204,015 and 5,185,258, the disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Subtilisins are bacterial or fungal carbonyl hydrolases which generally act to cleave peptide bonds of proteins or peptides. As used herein, "subtilisin" means a naturally-occurring subtilisin or a recombinant subtilisin. A series of naturally-occurring subtilisins is known to be produced and often secreted by various microbial species. Amino acid sequences of the members of this series are not entirely homologous. However, the subtilisins in this series exhibit the same or similar type of proteolytic activity. This class of serine proteases shares a common amino acid sequence defining a catalytic triad which distinguishes them from the chymotrypsin related class of serine proteases. The subtilisins and chymotrypsin related serine proteases both have a catalytic triad comprising aspartate, histidine and serine. In the subtilisin related proteases the relative order of these amino acids, reading from the amino to carboxy terminus, is aspartate-histidine-serine. In the chymotrypsin related proteases the relative order, however, is histidine-aspartate-serine. Thus, subtilisin herein refers to a serine protease having the catalytic triad of subtilisin related proteases. Examples include but are not limited to the subtilisins identified in FIG. 3 herein.
"Recombinant subtilisin" refers to a subtilisin in which the DNA sequence encoding the subtilisin is modified to produce a variant (or mutant) DNA sequence which encodes the substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more amino acids in the naturally-occurring subtilisin amino acid sequence. Suitable methods to produce such modification, and which may be combined with those disclosed herein, include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,760,025 (Re. 34,606), 5,204,015 and 5,185,258.
"Non-human carbonyl hydrolases" and the DNA encoding them may be obtained from many procaryotic and eucaryotic organisms. Suitable examples of procaryotic organisms include gram negative organisms such as E. coli or Pseudomonas and gram positive bacteria such as Micrococcus or Bacillus. Examples of eucaryotic organisms from which carbonyl hydrolase and their genes may be obtained include yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fungi such as Aspergillus sp. and non-human mammalian sources such as, for example, bovine sp. from which the gene encoding the carbonyl hydrolase chymosin can be obtained. As with subtilisins, a series of carbonyl hydrolases can be obtained from various related species which have amino acid sequences which are not entirely homologous between the members of that series but which nevertheless exhibit the same or similar type of biological activity. Thus, non-human carbonyl hydrolase as used herein has a functional definition which refers to carbonyl hydrolases which are associated, directly or indirectly, with procaryotic and eucaryotic sources.
A "carbonyl hydrolase variant" has an amino acid sequence which is derived from the amino acid sequence of a "precursor carbonyl hydrolase." The precursor carbonyl hydrolases (such as a subtilisin) include naturally-occurring carbonyl hydrolases (subtilisin) and recombinant carbonyl hydrolases (subtilisin). The amino acid sequence of the carbonyl hydrolase variant is "derived" from the precursor hydrolase amino acid sequence by the substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more amino acids of the precursor amino acid sequence. Such modification is of the "precursor DNA sequence" which encodes the amino acid sequence of the precursor carbonyl hydrolase (subtilisin) rather than manipulation of the precursor carbonyl hydrolase (subtilisin) enzyme per se. Suitable methods for such manipulation of the precursor DNA sequence include methods disclosed herein, as well as methods known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, EP 0 328299, WO89/06279 and the US patents and applications already referenced herein).
Specific residues corresponding to position +76 in combination with one or more of the following positions +99, +101, +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265 and/or +274 of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin are identified herein for mutation. Preferably the modified residues are selected from the following combinations: 76/99; 76/101; 76/103; 76/104; 76/107; 76/123; 76/99/101; 76/99/103; 76/99/104; 76/101/103; 76/101/104; 76/103/104; 76/104/107; 76/104/123; 76/107/123; 76/99/101/103; 76/99/101/104; 76/99/103/104; 76/101/103/104; 76/103/104/123; 76/104/107/123; 76/99/101/103/104; 76/99/103/104/123; 76/99/101/103/104/123; 76/103/104/128; 76/103/104/260; 76/103/104/265; 76/103/104/197; 76/103/104/105; 76/103/104/135; 76/103/104/126; 76/103/104/107; 76/103/104/210; 76/103/104/126/265; and/or 76/103/104/222; and most preferably are 76/99; 76/104; 76/99/104; 76/103/104; 76/104/107; 76/101/103/104; 76/99/101/103/104 and 76/101/104. These amino acid position numbers refer to those assigned to the mature Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin sequence presented in FIG. 1. The protease enzymes useful in the present invention, however, are not limited to the mutation of this particular subtilisin but extends to precursor carbonyl hydrolases containing amino acid residues at positions which are "equivalent" to the particular identified residues in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin. Preferably, the precursor subtilisin is Bacillus lentus subtilisin and the substitutions, deletions or insertions are made at the equivalent amino acid residue in B. lentus corresponding to those listed above.
For example, in FIG. 3 the amino acid sequence of subtilisin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis (carlsbergensis) and Bacillus lentus are aligned to provide the maximum amount of homology between amino acid sequences. A comparison of these sequences shows that there are a number of conserved residues contained in each sequence. These conserved residues (as between BPN' and B. lentus) are identified in FIG. 2.
These conserved residues, thus, may be used to define the corresponding equivalent amino acid residues of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin in other carbonyl hydrolases such as subtilisin from Bacillus lentus (PCT Publication No. W089/06279 published Jul. 13, 1989), the preferred subtilisin precursor enzyme herein, or the subtilisin referred to as PB92 (EP 0 328 299), which is highly homologous to the preferred Bacillus lentus subtilisin. The amino acid sequences of certain of these subtilisins are aligned in FIGS. 3A and 3B with the sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin to produce the maximum homology of conserved residues. As can be seen, there are a number of deletions in the sequence of Bacillus lentus as compared to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin. Thus, for example, the equivalent amino acid for Val 165 in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin in the other subtilisins is isoleucine for B. lentus and B. licheniformis.
TABLE II______________________________________     +76  +99    +101   +103 +104 +107 +123______________________________________B. amyloliquefaciens       N      D      S    Q    Y    I    N(wild-type)B. lentus (wild-type)       N      S      S    S    V    I    NMost Preferred       D      D      R    A    I/Y  V    SSubstitution______________________________________
Equivalent residues may also be defined by determining homology at the level of tertiary structure for a precursor carbonyl hydrolase whose tertiary structure has been determined by x-ray crystallography. Equivalent residues are defined as those for which the atomic coordinates of two or more of the main chain atoms of a particular amino acid residue of the precursor carbonyl hydrolase and Bacillus amyloliquefadens subtilisin (N on N, CA on CA, C on C and O on O) are within 0.13 nm and preferably 0.1 nm after alignment. Alignment is achieved after the best model has been oriented and positioned to give the maximum overlap of atomic coordinates of non-hydrogen protein atoms of the carbonyl hydrolase in question to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin. The best model is the crystallographic model giving the lowest R factor for experimental diffraction data at the highest resolution available. ##EQU1##
Equivalent residues which are functionally analogous to a specific residue of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin are defined as those amino acids of the precursor carbonyl hydrolases which may adopt a conformation such that they either alter, modify or contribute to protein structure, substrate binding or catalysis in a manner defined and attributed to a specific residue of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin. Further, they are those residues of the precursor carbonyl hydrolase (for which a tertiary structure has been obtained by x-ray crystallography) which occupy an analogous position to the extent that, although the main chain atoms of the given residue may not satisfy the criteria of equivalence on the basis of occupying a homologous position, the atomic coordinates of at least two of the side chain atoms of the residue lie with 0.13 nm of the corresponding side chain atoms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin. The coordinates of the three dimensional structure of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin are set forth in EPO Publication No. 0 251 446 (equivalent to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 081212,291, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference) and can be used as outlined above to determine equivalent residues on the level of tertiary structure.
Some of the residues identified for substitution, insertion or deletion are conserved residues whereas others are not. In the case of residues which are not conserved, the replacement of one or more amino acids is limited to substitutions which produce a variant which has an amino acid sequence that does not correspond to one found in nature. In the case of conserved residues, such replacements should not result in a naturally-occurring sequence. The carbonyl hydrolase variants useful in the present invention include the mature forms of carbonyl hydrolase variants, as well as the pro- and prepro-forms of such hydrolase variants. The prepro-forms are the preferred construction since this facilitates the expression, secretion and maturation of the carbonyl hydrolase variants.
"Prosequence" refers to a sequence of amino acids bound to the N-terminal portion of the mature form of a carbonyl hydrolase which when removed results in the appearance of the "mature" form of the carbonyl hydrolase. Many proteolytic enzymes are found in nature as translational proenzyme products and, in the absence of post-translational processing, are expressed in this fashion. A preferred prosequence for producing carbonyl hydrolase variants, specifically subtilisin variants, is the putative prosequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin, although other subtilisin prosequences may be used. In the Examples, the putative prosequence from the subtilisin from Bacillus lentus (ATCC 21536) is used.
A "signal sequence" or "presequence" refers to any sequence of amino acids bound to the N-terminal portion of a carbonyl hydrolase or to the N-terminal portion of a prohydrolase which may participate in the secretion of the mature or pro forms of the hydrolase. This definition of signal sequence is a functional one, meant to include all those amino acid sequences encoded by the N-terminal portion of the subtilisin gene or other secretable carbonyl hydrolases which participate in the effectuation of the secretion of subtilisin or other carbonyl hydrolases under native conditions. The protease enzymes useful for the present invention utilize such sequences to effect the secretion of the carbonyl hydrolase variants as described herein. A preferred signal sequence used in the Examples comprises the first seven amino acid residues of the signal sequence from Bacillus subtilis subtilisin fused to the remainder of the signal sequence of the subtilisin from Bacillus lentus (ATCC 21536).
"Expression vector" refers to a DNA construct containing a DNA sequence which is operably linked to a suitable control sequence capable of effecting the expression of said DNA in a suitable host. Such control sequences include a promoter to effect transcription, an optional operator sequence to control such transcription, a sequence encoding suitable mRNA ribosome binding sites and sequences which control termination of transcription and translation. The vector may be a plasmid, a phage particle, or simply a potential genomic insert. Once transformed into a suitable host, the vector may replicate and function independently of the host genome, or may, in some instances, integrate into the genome itself. In the present specification, "plasmid" and "vector" are sometimes used interchangeably as the plasmid is the most commonly used form of vector at present. However, included herein are such other forms of expression vectors which serve equivalent functions and which are, or become, known in the art.
The "host cells" used in the present invention generally are procaryotic or eucaryotic hosts which preferably have been manipulated by the methods disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,760,025 (Re. 34,606) to render them incapable of secreting enzymatically active endoprotease. A preferred host cell for expressing subtilisin is the Bacillus strain BG2036 which is deficient in enzymatically active neutral protease and alkaline protease (subtilisin). The construction of strain BG2036 is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,366. Other host cells for expressing subtilisin include Bacillus subtilis I168 (also described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,760,025 (Re. 34,606) and 5,264,366, the disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference), as well as any suitable Bacillus strain such as B. licheniformis, B. lentus, etc.
"Operably linked," when describing the relationship between two DNA regions, simply means that they are functionally related to each other. For example, a presequence is operably linked to a peptide if it functions as a signal sequence, participating in the secretion of the mature form of the protein most probably involving cleavage of the signal sequence. A promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if it controls the transcription of the sequence; a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to permit translation.
The genes encoding the naturally-occurring precursor carbonyl hydrolase may be obtained in accord with the general methods known to those skilled in the art. The methods generally comprise synthesizing labeled probes having putative sequences encoding regions of the hydrolase of interest, preparing genomic libraries from organisms expressing the hydrolase, and screening the libraries for the gene of interest by hybridization to the probes. Positively hybridizing clones are then mapped and sequenced. The B. lentus gene used in the Examples is cloned as described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,258, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein. The BPN' gene used in the Examples is cloned as described in Example 1 in U.S. Pat. No. Re. 34,606, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein.
Once the naturally-occurring or synthetic precursor carbonyl hydrolase gene has been cloned, a number of modifications are undertaken to enhance the use of the gene beyond synthesis of the naturally-occurring precursor carbonyl hydrolase. Such modifications include the production of recombinant carbonyl hydrolases as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,760,025 (Re. 34,606) and EPO Publication No. 0 251 446 and the production of carbonyl hydrolase variants described herein.
As used herein, proteolytic activity is defined as the rate of hydrolysis of peptide bonds per milligram of active enzyme. Many well known procedures exist for measuring proteolytic activity (K. M. Kalisz, "Microbial Proteinases," Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, A. Fiechter ed., 1988). In addition to or as an alternative to modified proteolytic activity, the variant enzymes of the present invention may have other modified properties such as Km, Kcat, Kcat /Km ratio and/or modified substrate specificity and/or modified pH activity profile. These enzymes can be tailored for the particular substrate which is anticipated to be present, for example, for hydrolytic processes such as laundry uses.
One objective can be to secure a variant carbonyl hydrolase having altered proteolytic activity as compared to the precursor carbonyl hydrolase, since increasing such activity (numerically larger) enables the use of the enzyme to more efficiently act on a target substrate. Also of interest are variant enzymes having altered thermal stability and/or altered substrate specificity as compared to the precursor. Preferably the carbonyl hydrolase to be mutated is a subtilisin. Specific amino acids useful to obtain such results in subtilisin-type carbonyl hydrolases at residues equivalent to +76, +99, +101, +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265 and/or +274 or any combination thereof in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin are presented in the Examples. In some instances, lower proteolytic activity may be desirable. Conversely, in some instances it may be desirable to increase the proteolytic activity of the variant enzyme versus its precursor. Additionally, increases or decreases (alteration) of the stability of the variant, whether alkaline or thermal stability, may be desirable. Increases or decreases in Kcat, Km or Kcat /Km are specific to the substrate used to determine these kinetic parameters.
Also, it has been determined that residues equivalent to +76 in combination with a number of other modifications in subtilisin are important in modulating overall stability and/or proteolytic activity of the enzyme. Thus, as set forth in the Examples, the Asparagine (N) in Bacillus lentus subtilisin at equivalent position +76 can be substituted with Aspartate (D) in the preferred protease enzymes in combination with modification of one or more of the following amino acid residues +99, +101, +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265 and/or +274 to produce enhanced stability and/or enhanced activity of the resulting mutant enzyme.
The most preferred protease enzymes useful in this invention are set forth in the Examples. These include the following specific combinations of substituted residues: N76D/S99D; N76D/V104I1; N76D/S99D/V104I; N76D/S103A/V104I; N76V/N104I/1107V; N76DV/104Y/I107V and N76D/S101R/S103A/VN104I. These substitutions am preferably made in Bacillus lentus (recombinant or native-type) subtilisin, although the substitutions may be made in any Bacillus subtilisin.
The following is presented by way of example for manufacturing protease enzymes useful in the present invention compositions.
Protease Manufacture Example
Construction for the Expression of GG36 Gene in B. subtilis
The cloning and the construction for expression of the subtilisin gene from B. lentus is performed essentially the same as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5, 185,258. The plasmid GGA274 (described in FIG. 4 herein) is further modified in the following manner, as shown in FIG. 5. The PstI site that is introduced during the construction of the GGA274 plasmid is removed by the oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis described below, with an oligonucleotide having the following sequence: 5' GAAGCTGCAACTCGTTAAA 3'(Seq. ID No. 1 ). The underlined "A" residue eliminates the recognition sequence of restriction enzyme Pstl and changes the corresponding amino acid residue from alanine to threonine at position 274. Threonine at position 274 is the wild-type residue originally found in the cloned B. lentus subtilisin gene sequences. The DNA segment encoding subtilisin is excised from the plasmid GGA274 or its derivatives (GGT274 shown in FIG. 5) by EcoRI and BamHI digest. The DNA fragment is subcloned back into Bacteriophage M13-based vectors, such as MP19, for mutagenesis. After mutagenesis, the EcoRI and HindIII digest, followed by cloning, are performed to move the mutated subtilisin gene back into an expression plasmid like GGA274 for the expression and the recovery of mutated subtilisin proteins.
Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis is performed as described in Zoller, M. et al. (1983), Methods Enzymol., 100:468-500. As an example, a synthetic oligonucleotide of the sequence 5' GCTGCTCTAGACAATTCG 3' (Seq. ID No.2) is used to change the amino acid residue at position 76 from asparagine (N) to aspartic acid (D), or N76D. The underlined "G" and "C" residues denote changes from the wild-type gene sequence. The CA keeps the leucine at position +75 and changes the amino acid sequence to introduce an XbaI recognition site of the XbaI restriction enzyme (TCTAGA), while the change at GAC changes asparagine at +76 to aspartate.
For mutagenesis at positions 99, 101, 103 and 104, different oligonucleotides can be used depending on the combination of mutations desired. For example, an oligonucleotide of the sequence 5' GTATTAGGGGCGGACGGTCGAGGCGCCATCAGCTCGATT 3' (Seq. ID No.3) is used to simultaneously make the following changes: S99D; S101 R; S103A and V104I in a single subtilisin molecule. Similarly, oligonucleotides of the sequence 5' TCAGGTTCGGTCTCGAGCGTTGCCCAAGGATTG 3' (Seq. ID No.4) and 5' CACGTTGCTAGCTTGAGTTTAG 3' (Seq. ID No.5) are utilized to generate I107V and N123S, respectively. Again, the underlined residues denote changes from wild-type sequences which produce desired changes either in amino acid sequences or restriction enzyme recognition sequences.
Following the methods of Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis hereinbefore, the variants listed in Table III are made. Proteolytic activity of each of these subtilisin variants is shown in Table III. The kinetic parameters kcat, KM, and kcat /KM are measured for hydrolysis of the synthetic peptide substrate succinyl-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Phe-p-nitroanilide using the method described in P. Bonneau et al. (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 113, No. 3, p. 1030. Briefly, a small aliquot of subtilisin variant stock solution is added to a 1 cm cuvette containing substrate dissolved in 0.1M Tris-HCL buffer, pH 8.6, and thermostated at 25° C. The reaction progress is followed spectrophotometrically by monitoring the absorbance of the reaction product p-nitroaniline at 410 nm. Kinetic parameters are obtained by using a non-linear regression algorithm to fit the reaction velocity and product concentration for each reaction to the Michaelis-Menten equation.
TABLE III______________________________________Kinetic Parameters kcat, KM and kcat /KMMeasured for Bacillus lentus Subtilisin and Variants  Enzyme                         kcat /KMProtease #  Variants        kcat (s-1)                           KM (M)                                 (s-1 M-1)______________________________________--     B. lentus Subtilisin                  170      0.00078                                 2.18 × 105--     N76D            219      0.0008                                 2.74 × 1051      N76D/S99D        88      0.00061                                 1.44 × 1052      N76D/S101R      371      0.0013                                 2.85 × 1053      N76D/S103A      400      0.0014                                 2.86 × 1054      N76D/V104I      459      0.0011                                 4.17 × 1055      N76D/I107V      219      0.0011                                 1.99 × 1056      N76D/N123S      115      0.0018                                 6.40 × 1047      N76D/S99D/S101R 146      0.00038                                 3.84 × 1058      N76D/S99D/S103A 157      0.0012                                 1.31 × 1059      N76D/S99D/V104I 247      0.00097                                 2.55 × 10510     N76D/S101R/S103A                  405      0.00069                                 5.90 × 10511     N76D/S101R/V104I                  540      0.00049                                 1.10 × 10612     N76D/S103A/V104I                  832      0.0016                                 5.20 × 10513     N76D/V104I/I107V                  497      0.00045                                 1.10 × 10614     N76D/V104Y/I107V                  330      0.00017                                 1.90 × 10615     N76D/V104I/N123S                  251      0.0026                                 9.65 × 10416     N76D/I107V/N123S                  147      0.0035                                 4.20 × 10417     N76D/S99D/S101R/                  242      0.00074                                 3.27 × 105  S103A18     N76D/S99D/S101R/                  403      0.00072                                 5.60 × 105  V104I19     N76D/S99D/S103A/                  420      0.0016                                 2.62 × 105  V104I20     N76D/S101R/S103A/                  731      0.00065                                 1.12 × 106  V104I21     N76D/S103A/V104I/                  321      0.0026                                 1.23 × 105  N123S22     N76D/V104I/I107V/                  231      0.003 7.70 × 104  N123S23     N76D/S99D/S101R/S103A/                  624      0.00098                                 6.37 × 105  V104I24     N76D/S99D/S103A/V104I/                  194      0.0043                                 4.51 × 104  N123S25     N76D/S99D/S101R/S103A/                  311      0.0023                                 1.35 × 105  V104I/N123S______________________________________
The results listed in Table III indicate that all of the subtilisin variants tested retain proteolytic activity. Further, detailed analysis of the data reveal that proteolytic activity is significantly altered for Bacillus lentus subtilisin by the various combinations of substitutions at amino acid residues equivalent to positions 76, 99, 101, 103, 104, 107 and 123 in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
A comparison of thermal stability observed for Bacillus lentus subtilisin and the variants of the present invention made by the process of Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis hereinbefore is shown in Table IV. Purified enzyme, 15 ug/ml in 0.1M glycine 0.01% Tween-80 pH 10.0, with or without 50 mM CaCl2, is aliquotted into small tubes and incubated at 10° C. for 5 minutes, 10° C. to 60° C. over 1 minute, and 60° C. for 20 minutes. Tubes are then placed on ice for 10 minutes. Aliquots from the tubes are assayed for enzyme activity by addition to 1 cm cuvettes containing 1.2 mM of the synthetic peptide substrate succinyl-L-ala-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Phe-p-nitroanilide dissolved in 0.1M tris-HCL buffer, pH 8.6, thermostatted at 25° C. The initial linear reaction velocity is followed spectrophotometrically by monitoring the absorbance of the reaction product p-nitroaniline at 410 nm as a function of time. Data are presented as percent activity prior to heating. The results listed in Table IV indicate that a vast majority of variants exhibit thermal stability comparable to Bacillus lentus subtilisin (24 out of 26) in the test condition with 50 mm CaCl2 added. In the test condition without 50 mM CaCl2 added, a vast majority of variants (19 out of 26) are significantly more stable than Bacillus lentus subtilisin. Further, the variants N76D/S99D, N76D/V104I, N76D/S99D/V104I, N76D/S103A/V104I, N76D/V104I/VI107V, N76D/V104Y/I107V and N76D/S101R/S103A/V104I are significantly more stable than the single substitution variant N76D in the test condition without 50mM CaCl2 added.
TABLE IV______________________________________Thermal Stability Measured for Bacillus lentus Subtilisin and VariantsAt pH 10, 60° C., +/- 50 mM CaCl2 Added             % Initial Activity RemainingEnzyme              -CaCl2                          +CaCl2______________________________________B. lentus Subtilisin               2          96N76D                34         97N76D/S99D           49         98N76D/S101R          0          82N76D/S103A          26         92N76D/V104I          58         98N76D/I107V          32         96N76D/N123S          0          97N76D/S99D/S101R     30         100N76D/S99D/S103A     36         100N76D/S99D/V104I     48         97N76D/S101R/S103A    26         100N76D/S101R/V104I    38         100N76D/S103A/V104I    58         100N76D/V104I/I107V    60         97N76D/V104Y/I107V    48         74N76D/V104I/N123S    0          98N76D/I107V/N123S    16         100N76D/S99D/S101R/S103A               38         100N76D/S99D/S101R/V104I               33         100N76D/S99D/S103A/V104I               38         98N76D/S101R/S103A/V104I               40         99N76D/S103A/V104I/N123S               1          98N76D/V104I/I107V/N123S               3          99N76D/S99D/S101R/S103A/V104I               36         99N76D/S99D/S103A/V104I/N123S               2          95N76D/S99D/S101R/S103A/V104I/N123S               0          100______________________________________
The mutagenesis protocol is essentially the same as described above in Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis. The single-stranded DNA template is generated by phagemid method. To construct the phagemid vector for generating the single-stranded DNA template we first construct the vector pBCDAICAT. The flow chart of vector construction is outlined in FIG. 8. First, the C1al to C1al fragment encoding the CAT gene from pC194 plasmid (Horinouchi, S. and Weisblum, B., J. Bacteriol., 150:8-15, 1982) is cloned into the Accl site of polylinker region of pUC19 (New England BioLabs, Beverly, Mass.) to make plasmid pUCCHL and the EcoRI-Dral 0.6 KB fragment from the 5' end of the GG36DAI encoding DNA is cloned into the EcoRI and EcoRV sites of pBSKS plasmid (Stratagene, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) to make pBC2SK5. The single EcoRI site of the plasmid pBC2SK5 is eliminated by EcoRI digestion, followed by filling in catalyzed-by-T4 DNA polymerase, and religation to generate the plasmid pBC2SK-5R which does not have the EcoRI site. The EcoRI-Dral fragment which is cloned into pBCSK-5R is isolated as a PstI-HindIII fragment and cloned into the PstI-HindIII site of the pUCCHL (part of the polylinker of pUC19) to generate plasmid pUCCHL5R. The encoding sequence of GG36DAI gene is excised as an EcoRI-BamHI fragment and cloned into the EcoRI-BamHI sites of pUCC HL5R to make pUCCAT. The large EcoRI-HindIII fragment of pUCCAT is then cloned into the EcoRI and Hind/I/sites of BS2KS+ to generate the plasmid pBCDAICAT.
To generate single-stranded DNA, E. coli-containing pBCDAICAT are infected with phage R408 (obtained from Stratagene, San Diego, Calif.) following the protocol described in Russel, M., Kidd, S. and Kelley, M. R., GENE 45:333-338, 1986. Once the single-stranded DNA template is available, standard mutagenesis methods as described above in Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutogenesis are carried out. The construction of certain mutants is detailed below for illustrative purposes.
For the construction of B. lentus (GG36) N76D/S103A/V104I/L217H, an EcoRI-BamHI DNA fragment encoding GG36 N76D/S103A/V104I is used in the construction of pUCCAT (see FIG. 8) to generate the plasmid pBCDAICAT. After the single-stranded DNA template is made following the protocol described above, a mutagenesis primer with the following sequence
______________________________________* *** **  × C1aI          5'TAT GCC AGC CAC AAC                            (Seq. ID No. 13)          GGT ACT TCG ATG GCT 3'______________________________________
is used to make the L217H. As before, the underlined residues denote the nucleotide changes that are made and the x C1al indicates that the existing C1al site is eliminated after the mutagenesis. The mutagenesis protocol is as described in Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutogenesis hereinbefore. After the mutagenesis, plasmid DNA is first screened for the elimination of the C1al site and those clones missing the C1al site are subjected to DNA sequence analysis to verify the DNA sequence which made the L to H change at the 217th amino acid residue.
B. Construction of BPN' Variants and their Expression in B. subtilis
The construction of B. amyloliquefaciens (BPN') N76D/Q103A/Y104I/Y217L is done in a similar fashion except in two consecutive steps. N76D is first introduced into BPN' Y217L to make BPN' N76D/Y217L and a second mutagenesis is done to convert BPN' N76D/Y217L to BPN' N76D/Q103A/Y104I/Y217L. To generate the single-stranded DNA template for the first mutagenesis, an EcoRI-BamHI fragment encoding BPN' Y217L subtilisin (derived from the Y217L plasmid described in Wells, J., et al., PNAS, 84, 5167, 1087) is used to construct a plasmid pUCCATFNA (see FIG. 9). The pUCCATFNA plasmid containing BPN' Y217L is used to construct the pBCFNACAT plasmid (FIG. 9). Single-stranded DNA is generated as described above. To generate BPN' N76D/Y217L, an oligonucleotide primer with the sequence
______________________________________* *** **  Xbal   5' C ACA GTT GCG GCT CTA                            (Seq. ID No. 14)         GAT AAC TCA ATC GGT G 3'______________________________________
is used to generate the change N76D. Single-stranded DNA is then prepared from the pBCFNACAT plasmid containing the BPN' N76D/Y217L (the pBCFNACAT plasmid after N76D mutagenesis) and mutagenized with another oligonucleotide with the sequence
______________________________________* *** *  x Pvull 5' GCT GAC GGT TCC GGC                            (Seq. ID No. 15)          GCT ATT AGT TGG ATC          ATT 3'______________________________________
to obtain BPN' N76D/Q103A/Y104I/Y217L. All steps involved in the cloning, the single-stranded DNA preparation, the mutagenesis, and the screening for mutants are carried out as described above. Expression of the BPN' gene and its variants are achieved by integrating plasmid DNA (pBCFNACAT containing the different variants' BPN' gene) directly into a protease-deficient strain of Bacillus subtilis as described in Re. 34,606.
Numerous variants are made as per the teachings of these Protease Manufacture Examples. Kinetics data and stability data are generated for such variants. The kinetics data are generated using the methods described hereinbefore and are provided in Table V. The stability data are generated as detailed herein. Results are shown in Table VI.
Purified enzyme is buffer-exchanged into 0.1M glycine pH 10.0, 0.01% Tween-80 by applying the enzyme to a column consisting of Sephadex G-25 equilibrated with this buffer and eluting the enzyme from the column using the same buffer.
To a tube containing 0.1M glycine, 0.01% Tween-80 pH 10.0 thermostatted at 60° C., the buffer-exchanged enzyme is added to give a final enzyme concentration of 15 ug/ml.
Aliquots are removed from the 60° C. incubation at various times and immediately assayed for enzyme activity by addition to a 1 cm cuvette containing 1.2 mM of the synthetic peptide substrate Ala-L-Ala-L-PAla-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Phe-p-nitroanilide dissolved in 0.1M tris-HCL buffer, pH 8.6, thermostatted at 25° C. The initial linear reaction velocity is followed spectrophotometrically by monitoring the absorbance of the reaction product p-nitroaniline at 410 nm as a function of time.
Half-life, which is the length of time required for 50% enzyme inactivation, is determined from the first-order plot of reaction velocity as a function of the time of incubation at 60° C.
TABLE V______________________________________                kcat   KM     kcat/KMEnzyme               (s-1)                       (mM)   (s-1 M-1)______________________________________B. lentus subtilisin 170    0.78   2.20E+05N76D/S103G/V104I*    380    1.4    2.70E+05N76D/S103A/V104F     730    0.33   2.20E+06N76D/S103A/V104N     790    2.8    2.80E+05N76D/S103A/V104S     170    0.83   2.00E+05N76D/S103A/V104T     370    1.9    2.00E+05N76D/S103A/V104W     880    0.31   2.80E+06N76D/S103A/V104Y     690    0.5    1.40E+06K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S                500    1.2    4.20E+05N76D/S101G/S103A/V104I*                620    1.3    4.80E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/S105A*                550    1.3    4.20E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/S105D*                440    1.7    2.60E+05N76D/S103A/V104T/I107A*                120    5.7    2.10E+04N76D/S103A/V104T/I107L*                310    3.2    9.70E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/L126A                90     2.2    4.10E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/L126F                180    1.9    9.50E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/L126I                100    2.4    4.20E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/L126V                64     3.2    2.00E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/S128G*                560    1.7    3.30E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/S128L*                430    3.8    1.10E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/L135A                140    0.76   1.80E+05N76D/S103A/V104l/L135F                390    0.69   5.70E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/L135I                110    0.73   1.50E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/L135V                140    0.86   1.60E+05N76D/8103A/V104I/S156E*                170    2.6    6.50E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/S166D*                160    3.5    4.60E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/D197E                510    1.4    3.60E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/N204A*                530    1.1    4.80E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/N204G*                580    1.4    4.10E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/N204C*                370    1.3    2.90E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/P210I*                500    1.2    4.20E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/L217H*                80     0.63   1.30E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/M222A                70     3.1    2.30E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/M222S                80     3.1    2.60E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/T260P                660    1.5    4.40E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/S265N                590    1.3    4.50E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/I107V/N123S                220    1.4    1.60E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/D197E                430    1.1    3.90E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/N204C                400    1.1    3.60E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/Q206L                440    1.2    3.70E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/S216V                440    1.2    3.70E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/N218S                760    0.98   7.80E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/T260P                410    1.2    3.40E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/T274A                390    1      3.90E+05N76D/S103A/V104I/L126F/S265N                170    2.1    8.10E+04N76D/S103A/V104I/S156E/S166D*                40     6.3    6.40E+03K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/G195E/G197E                410    0.98   4.20E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/G195E/N218S                540    0.66   8.20E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/D197E/N218S                770    0.79   9.80E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/N204C/N218S                610    0.99   6.20E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/Q206L/N218S                580    0.78   7.40E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/N218S/T260P                660    1      6.60E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/N218S/T274A                590    0.89   6.60E+05K27R/N76D/V104Y/Q109S/N123S/N218S/T                520    1      5.20E+05274AK27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/G195E/D197E/                460    0.65   7.10E+05N218SB. amyloliquefaciens subtilisin (BPN')                50     0.14   3.60E+05BPN'-N76D/Y217L*     380    0.46   8.30E+05______________________________________ *These mutants are made as per OligonucleotideDirected Mutagenesis with SingleStranded DNA Template Generated from Phagemid, all others made as per OligonucleotideDirected Mutagenesis, hereinbefore.
TABLE VI______________________________________             Thermal StabilityEnzyme            (% half-life of native enzyme)______________________________________B. lentus subtilisin             100N76D              590N76D/S99D         840N76D/S103A        390N76D/V104I        660N76D/I107V        710N76D/N123S        70N76D/S99D/S101R   610N76D/S99D/S103A   590N76D/S99D/V104I   910N76D/S101R/S103A  930N76D/S101R/V104I  500N76D/S103A/V104I  460N76D/S103G/V104I* 370N76D/S103A/V104F  480N76D/S103A/V104N  230N76D/S103A/V104S  230N76D/S103A/V104T  370N76D/S103A/V104W  280N76D/S103A/V104Y  400N76D/V104I/I107V  940N76D/V104Y/I107V  820N76D/V104I/N123S  80N76D/I107V/N123S  150K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S             100N76D/S99D/S101R/S103A             570N76D/S99D/S10IR/V104I             1000N76D/S99D/S103A/V104l             680N76D/S101G/S103A/V104I             390N76D/S101R/S103A/V104I             470N76D/S103A/V104I/S105A*             360N76D/S103A/V104I/S105D*             370N76D/S103A/V104T/I107A*             270N76D/S103A/V104T/I107L*             230N76D/S103A/V104I/N123S             110N76D/V104I/I107V/N123S             220N76D/S103A/V104I/L126A             270N76D/S103A/V104I/L126F             950N76D/S103A/V104I/L126I             410N76D/S103A/V104I/L126V             320N76D/S103A/V104I/S128G*             640N76D/S103A/V104I/S128L*             760N76D/S103A/V104I/L135A             230N76D/S103A/V104I/L135F             200N76D/S103A/V104I/L135I             510N76D/S103A/V104I/L135V             500N76D/S103A/V104I/S156E*             120N76D/S103A/V104I/S166D*             590N76D/S103A/V104I/D197E             460N76D/S103A/V104I/N204A*             230N76D/S103A/V104I/N204G*             240N76D/S103A/V104I/N204C*             500N76D/S103A/V104I/P210I*             1370N76D/S103A/V104I/L217H*             60N76D/S103A/V104I/M222A             520N76D/S103A/V104I/M222S             490N76D/S103A/V104I/T260P             490N76D/S103A/V104I/S265N             360K27R/N76D/V104Y/I107V/N123S             210K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/D197E             120K27R/N76D/N104Y/N123S/N204C             110K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/Q206L             380K27R/N76D/N104Y/N123S/S216V             140K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/N218S             270K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/T260P             40K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/T274A             60N76D/S99D/S101R/S103A/V104I             590N76D/S99D/S103A/V104I/N123S             110N76D/S103A/V104I/L126F/S265N             810N76D/S103A/V104I/S156E/S166D*             220K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/G195E/             90G197EK27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/G195E/             250N218SK27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/D197E/             270N218SK27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/N204C/             460N218SK27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/Q206L/             1400N218SK27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/N218S/             310T260PK27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/N218S/             180T274AN76D/S99D/S101R/S103A/V104I/             90N123SK27R/N76D/N104Y/Q109S/N123S/             230N218S/T274K27R/N76D/V104Y/N123S/G195E/             240D197E/N21B. amyloliquefaciens subtilisin (BPN')             100BPN'-N76D/Y217L*  420______________________________________ *These mutants are made as per OligonucleotideDirected Mutagenesis with SingleStranded DNA Template Generated from Phagemid, all others made as per OligonucleotideDirected Mutagenesis, hereinbefore.
The cleaning compositions of the present invention also comprise, in addition to the bleaching agent and protease enzyme described hereinbefore, one or more cleaning composition materials compatible with the protease enzyme. The term "cleaning composition materials", as used herein, means any liquid, solid or gaseous material selected for the particular type of cleaning composition desired and the form of the product (e.g., liquid; granule; spray composition),-which materials are also compatible with the protease enzyme used in the composition. The specific selection of cleaning composition materials are readily made by considering the surface, item or fabric to be cleaned, and the desired form of the composition for the cleaning conditions during use (e.g., through the wash detergent use). The term "compatible", as used herein, means the cleaning composition materials do not reduce the proteolytic activity of the protease enzyme to such an extent that the protease is not effective as desired during normal use situations. Specific cleaning composition materials are exemplified in detail hereinafter.
Preferably the cleaning compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.0001% to about 10% of one or more protease enzymes, more preferably from about 0.001% to about 1%, more preferably still from about 0.001% to about 0.1%. Also preferably the protease enzyme is present in the compositions in an amount sufficient to provide a ratio of mg of active protease per 100 grams of composition to ppm theoretical Available O2 ("AvO2 ") from the peroxyacid in the wash liquor, referred to herein as the Enzyme to Bleach ratio (E/B ratio), ranging from about 1:1 to about 20:1. Several examples of various cleaning compositions wherein the protease enzymes may be employed are discussed in further detail below. All parts, percentages and ratios used herein are by weight unless otherwise specified.
(i) Optional Detersive Enzymes
The compositions and methods herein are effective with all manner of detersive enzymes in addition to the specified protease enzymes. Optional detersive enzymes useful in the present invention may be included for a wide variety of fabric laundering purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains, for example, and for the prevention of fugitive dye transfer. The enzymes to be incorporated include other proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, and peroxidases, as well as mixtures thereof. Other types of enzymes may also be included. They may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. However, their choice is governed by several factors such as pH-activity and/or stability optima, thermostability, stability versus active detergents, builders and so on. In this respect bacterial or fungal enzymes are preferred, such as bacterial amylases and proteases, and fungal cellulases.
Enzymes are normally incorporated at levels sufficient to provide up to about 50 mg by weight, more typically about 0.01 mg to about 10 mg, of active enzyme per gram of detergent composition. Stated otherwise, an effective amount of the optional enzymes employed in the present invention will typically comprise at least about 0.001%, preferably from about 0.001% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.001% to about 1%, most preferably from about 0.01% to about 1%, by weight of detergent composition.
Suitable examples of optional proteases are the subtilisins which are obtained from particular strains of B.subtilis and B.licheniforms. Another suitable protease is a modified bacterial serine protease enzyme obtained from Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis, having maximum activity throughout the pH range of 8-12, developed and sold by Novo Industries A/S under the registered trade name ESPERASE. The preparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes is described in British Patent Specification No. 1,243,784 of Novo. Other proteolytic enzymes that am commercially available include those sold under the tradenames ALCALASE and SAVINASE by Novo Industries A/S (Denmark) and MAXATASE by International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. (The Netherlands). Still other proteases include Protease A (see European Patent Application 130,756, published Jan. 9, 1985) and Protease B (see European Patent Application Serial No. 87303761.8, filed Apr. 28, 1987, and European Patent Application 130,756, Bott et al, published Jan. 9, 1985), and what is called herein "Protease C", which is a triple variant of an alkaline serine protease from Bacillus in which tyrosine replaced valine at position 104, serine replaced asparagine at position 123, and alanine replaced threonine at position 274. Protease C is described in EP 90915958.4, corresponding to WO 91/06637, published May 16, 1991, which is incorporated herein by reference. Genetically modified variants, particularly of Protease C, are also included herein.
Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1,372,034. See also lipases in Japanese Patent Application 53-20487, laid open to public inspection on Feb. 24, 1978. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano," hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P." Other commercial lipases include Amano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var. lipolyticum NRRLB 3673, commercially available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and further Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli. The LIPOLASE enzyme, derived from the fungus Humicola lanuginosa and expressed in Aspergillus oryzae as host and commercially available from Novo (see also E.P. Patent 341,947) is a preferred lipase for use herein.
Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g., percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. They are used for "solution bleaching," i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from sub-strates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution. Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase, and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase. Peroxidase-containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in PCT International Application WO 89/099813, published Oct. 19, 1989, by O. Kirk, assigned to Novo Industries A/S.
A wide range of enzyme materials and means for their incorporation into synthetic detergent granules is also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,553,139, issued Jan. 5, 1971 to McCarty et al. Enzymes are further disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,101,457, Place et al, issued Jul. 18, 1978, and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,507,219, Hughes, issued Mar. 26, 1985, both. Enzyme materials useful for liquid detergent formulations, and their incorporation into such formulations, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,261,868, Hora et al, issued Apr. 14, 1981. Enzymes for use in detergents can be stabilized by various techniques. Enzyme stabilization techniques are disclosed and exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 4,261,868, issued Apr. 14, 1981 to Horn, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,600,319, issued Aug. 17, 1971 to Gedge, et al, and European Patent Application Publication No. 0199405, Application No. 86200586.5, published Oct. 29, 1986, Venegas. Enzyme stabilization systems are also described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,261,868, 3,600,319, and 3,519,570.
(ii) Enzyme Stabilizers
The enzymes employed herein can be stabilized by the presence of water-soluble sources of calcium ions in the finished compositions which provide calcium ions to the enzymes. Additional stability can be provided by the presence of various other ad-disclosed stabilizers, especially borate species: see Severson, U.S. Pat. No. 4,537,706, cited above. Typical detergents, especially liquids, will comprise from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about 2 to about 20, more preferably from about 5 to about 15, and most preferably from about 8 to about 12, millimoles of calcium ion per liter of finished composition. This can vary somewhat, depending on the amount of enzyme present and its response to the calcium ions. The level of calcium ion should be selected so that there is always some minimum level available for the enzyme, after allowing for complexation with builders, fatty acids, etc., in the composition. Any water-soluble calcium salt can be used as the source of calcium ion, including, but not limited to, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium malate, calcium hydroxide, calcium formate, and calcium acetate. A small amount of calcium ion, generally from about 0.05 to about 0.4 millimoles per liter, is often also present in the composition due to calcium in the enzyme slurry and formula water. In solid detergent compositions the formulation may include a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble calcium ion source to provide such amounts in the laundry liquor. In the alternative, natural water hardness may suffice.
(iii) Detersive Surfactant
The amount of detersive surfactant included in the fully-formulated detergent compositions afforded by the present invention can vary from about 1% to about 99.8% depending upon the particular surfactants used and the effects desired. Preferably, the detersive surfactants comprise from about 5% to about 80% by weight of the detergent ingredients.
Nonlimiting examples of surfactants useful herein include the conventional C11 -C18 alkyl benzene sulfonates and primary, secondary, and random alkyl sulfates, the C10 -C18 alkyl alkoxy sulfates, the C10 -C18 alkyl polyglycosides and their corresponding sulfated polyglycosides, C12 -C18 alpha-sulfonated fatty acid esters, C12 -C18 alkyl and alkyl phenol alkoxylates (especially ethoxylates and mixed ethoxy/propoxy), C12 -C18 betaines and sulfobetaines ("sultaines"), C10 -C18 amine oxides, C8 -C24 sarcosinates (especially oleoyl sarcosinate) and the like. Other conventional useful surfactants are listed in standard texts.
One particular class of adjunct nonionic surfactants especially useful herein comprises the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula: ##STR25## wherein: R1 is H, C1 -C8 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or a mixture thereof, preferably C1 -C4 alkyl, more preferably C1 or C2 alkyl, most preferably C1 alkyl (i.e., methyl); and R2 is a C5 -C32 hydrocarbyl moiety, preferably straight chain C7 -C19 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain C9 -C17 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C11-C 19 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 2 (in the case of glyceraldehyde) or at least 3 hydroxyls (in the case of other reducing sugars) directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z is a glycityl moiety. Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, as well as glyceraldehyde. As raw materials, high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials. Z preferably will be selected from the group consisting of --CH2 --(CHOH)n --CH2 OH, --CH(CH2 OH)--(CHOH)n-1 ----CH2 OH, --CH2 --(CHOH)2 (CHOR')(CHOH)--CH2 OH, where n is an integer from 1 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic mono- or polysaccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly --CH2 --(CHOH)4 CH2 OH.
(iv) Detersive Builders
Optional detergent ingredients employed in the present invention contain inorganic and/or organic detersive builders to assist in mineral hardness control. If used, these builders comprise from about 5% to about 80% by weight of the detergent compositions.
Examples of silicate builders are the alkali metal silicates, particularly those having a SiO2 : Na2 O ratio in the range 1.6:1 to 3.2:1 and layered silicates, such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,839, issued May 12, 1987 to H. P. Rieck, available from Hoechst under the trademark "SKS"; SKS-6 is an especially preferred layered silicate builder.
Carbonate builders, especially a finely ground calcium carbonate with surfaco area greater than 10 m2 /g, are preferred builders that can be used in granular compositions. The density of such alkali metal carbonate built detergents can be in the range of 450-850 g/l with the moisture content preferably below 4%.
Useful aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are commercially available. These aluminosilicates can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally-occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived. Methods for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,985,669, Krummel, et al, issued Oct. 12, 1976, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,605,509, Corkill, et al, issued Aug. 12, 1986. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite P (B) (including those disclosed in EPO 384,070), and Zeolite X. Preferably, the aluminosilicate has a particle size of about 0.1-10 microns in diameter.
Organic detersive builders suitable for the purposes of the present invention include, but are not restricted to, a wide variety of polycarboxylate compounds, such as ether polycarboxylates, including oxydisuccinate, as disclosed in Berg, U.S. Pat. No. 3,128,287, issued Apr. 7, 1964, and Lamberti et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,635,830, issued Jan. 18, 1972. See also "TMS/DS" builders of U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,071, issued to Bush et al, on May 5, 1987. Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,923,679; 3,835,163; 4,158,635; 4,120,874 and 4,102,903.
Other useful detersive builders include the ether hydroxypolycarboxylates, copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1,3,5-trihydroxy benzene-2,4,6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyl-oxysuccinic acid, the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as well as polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
(v) Optional Detersive Adjuncts
As a preferred embodiment, the conventional detergent ingredients employed herein can be selected from typical detergent composition components such as detersive surfactants and detersive builders. Optionally, the detergent ingredients can include one or more other detersive adjuncts or other materials for assisting or enhancing cleaning performance, treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the detergent composition. Usual detersive adjuncts of detergent compositions include the ingredients set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,936,537, Baskerville et al, are incorporated herein by reference. Such adjuncts which can be included in detergent compositions employed in the present invention, in their conventional art-established levels for use (generally from 0% to about 20% of the detergent ingredients, preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%), include color speckles, suds boosters, suds suppressors, antitarnish and/or anticorrosion agents, soil-suspending agents, soil release agents, dyes, fillers, optical brighteners, germicides, alkalinity sources, hydrotropes, antioxidants, perfumes, solvents, solubilizing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, polymeric dispersing agents, processing aids, fabric softening components (e.g., smectite clays), dye transfer inhibiting agents (e.g., polyvinyl pyrrolidone), static control agents, etc.
Bleach systems optionally, but preferably, will also comprise a chelant which not only enhances bleach stability by scavenging heavy metal ions which tend to decompose bleaches, but also assists in the removal of polyphenolic stains such as tea stains, and the like. Various chelants, including the aminophosphonates, available as DEQUEST from Monsanto, the nitrilotriacetates, the hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine triacetates, and the like, are known for such use. Preferred biodegradable, non-phosphorus chelants include ethylene-diamine disuccinate ("EDDS"; see U.S. Pat. No. 4,704,233, Hartman and Perkins), ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutamate (EDDG) and 2-hydroxypropylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinate (HPDDS) compounds. Such chelants can be used in their alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, typically at levels from about 0.1% to about 10% of the present compositions.
The present invention compositions are especially useful as conventional laundry detergent compositions such as those typically found in granular detergents or laundry bars. U.S. Pat. No. 3,178,370, Okenfuss, issued Apr. 13, 1965, describes laundry detergent bars and processes for making them. Philippine Patent 13,778, Anderson, issued Sep. 23, 1980, describes synthetic detergent laundry bars. Methods for making laundry detergent bars by various extrusion methods are well known in the art.
______________________________________Component             Weight %______________________________________C12 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate                 22Phosphate (as sodium tripolyphosphate)                 30Sodium carbonate      14Sodium silicate       3Protease 12           0.3Sodium percarbonate   5Ethylenediamine disuccinate chelant (EDDS)                 0.4Sodium sulfate        5.5Nonanoyl caprolactam  5Filler* and water     Balance to 100%______________________________________ *Can be selected from convenient materials such as CaCO3, talc, clay silicates, and the like.
In this example the Protease #'s 1-11 and 13-25 recited in Table III, among others including the additional proteases useful in the present invention described in Tables V and VI, are substituted for Protease #12, with substantially similar results. Also in this example, any combination of the proteases useful in the present invention recited in Tables III, V and VI among others, are substituted for Protease #12 with substantially similar results.
______________________________________Component             Weight %______________________________________Anionic alkyl sulfate 7Nonionic surfactant   5Zeolite (0.1-10 micron)                 10Trisodium citrate     2SKS-6 silicate builder                 10Acrylate maleate polymer                 4Nonanoyl caprolactam  5Sodium percarbonate*  15Sodium carbonate      5Ethylenediamine disuccinate chelant (EDDS)                 0.4Suds suppressor       2Protease 12           0.3Lipase                0.3Soil release agent    0.2Minors, filler** and water                 Balance to 100%______________________________________ *Average particle size of 400 to 1200 microns. **Can be selected from convenient materials such as CaCO3, talc, clay, silicates, and the like.
A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example 2, with the exceptions that 15% of a 1:1:1 mixture of benzoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam and (6-Nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 30%.
A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example 1, with the exceptions that 20% of a 1:1 mixture of benzoyl caprolactam and (6-Nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam, the amount of sodium percarbonate is 20%, and the amount of phosphate is 0%.
A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example 2, with the single exception that an equivalent amount of a benzoxazin-type activator is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam.
A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example 2, with the exceptions that 10% of a 1:1 mixture of a benzoxazin-type activator and tetraacetyl ethylene diamine is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 25%.
______________________________________Component             Weight %______________________________________C12 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate                 30Phosphate (as sodium tripolyphosphate)                 7Sodium carbonate      25Sodium pyrophosphate  7Coconut monoethanolamide                 2Zeolite A (0.1-10 micron)                 5Carboxymethylcellulose                 0.2Polyacrylate (m.w. 1400)                 0.2(6-Nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate                 5Sodium percarbonate   5Brightener, perfume   0.2Protease 12           0.3**Lipase                0.3CaSO4            1MgSO4            1Water                 4Filler*               Balance to 100%______________________________________ *Can be selected from convenient materials such as CaCO3, talc, clay silicates, and the like. **Denotes mg of active enzyme per gram of composition.
A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example 7, with the single exception that an equivalent amount of benzoyl caprolactam is substituted for the (6-Nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate.
A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example 7, with the single exception that an equivalent amount of nonanoyl caprolactam is substituted for the (6-Nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate.
______________________________________Component             Weight %______________________________________Anionic alkyl sulfate 7Nonionic surfactant   5Zeolite (0.1-10 micron)                 10Trisodium citrate     2SKS-6 silicate builder                 10Acrylate maleate polymer                 4Nonanoyl caprolactam  5Sodium percarbonate*  15Sodium carbonate      5Ethylenediamine disuccinate chelant (EDDS)                 0.4Suds suppressor       2Protease 12           0.5Soil release agent    0.2Minors, filler** and water                 Balance to 100%______________________________________ *Average particle size of 400 to 1200 microns. **Can be selected from convenient materials such as CaCO3, talc, clay, silicates, and the like.
A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example 10, with the single exception that an equivalent amount of benzoyl caprolactam is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam.
In this example the Protease #'s 1-11 and 13-25 recited in Table III, among others including the additional proteases useful in the present invention described in Tables V and VI, are substituted for Protease #12, with substantially similar results. Also in this example, any combination of the proteases useful in the present invention recited in Tables III. V and VI among others, are substituted for Protease #12 with substantially similar results.
A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example 10, with the exceptions that 15%, by weight, of (6-Nonanamido-caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 30%.
A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example 10, with the exceptions that 15%, by weight, of a benzoxazin-type activator is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 30%.
The wash performance of the variants useful in the present invention compositions is evaluated by measuring the removal of stain from EMPA 116 (blood/milk/carbon black on cotton) cloth swatches (Testfabrics, Inc,, Middlesex, N.J. 07030).
Six EMPA 116 swatches, cut to 3×41/2 inches with pinked edges, are placed in each pot of a Model 7243S Terg-O-Tometer (United States Testing Co., Inc., Hoboken, N.J.) containing 1000 ml of water, 15 gpg hardness (Ca++ :Mg++ ::3:1::w:w), 7 g of detergent, and enzyme as appropriate. The detergent base is WFK1 detergent from wfk-Testgewebe GmbH, Adlerstrasse 42, Postfach 13 07 62, D-47759 Krefeld, Germany:
______________________________________Component           % of Final Formulation______________________________________Zeolite A           25%Sodiu sulfate       25%Soda Ash            10%Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate               8.8%Alcohol ethoxylate (7-8 EO)               4.5%Sodium soap          3%Sodium silicate (SiO2 :Na2 O::3.3:1)                3%______________________________________
______________________________________Component         % of Final Formulation______________________________________Sodium perborate monohydrate             13%Copolymer (Sokalan CP5)             4%TAED (Mykon ATC Green)             3%Enzyme            0.5%Brightener (Tinopal AMS-GX)             0.2%______________________________________
Sodium perborate monohydrate is obtained from Degussa Corporation, Ridgefield-Park, N.J. 07660. Sokalan CP5 is obtained from BASF Corporation, Parsippany, N.J. 07054. Mykon ATC Green (TAED, tetraacetylethylenediamine) is obtained from Warwick International, Limited, Mostyn, Holywell, Clwyd CH8 9HE, England. Tinopal AMS GX is obtained from Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Greensboro, N.C. 27419.
Six EMPA 116 swatches are washed in detergent with enzyme for 30 min at 60° C. and are subsequently rinsed twice for 5 minutes each time in 1000 ml water. Enzymes are added at final concentrations of 0.05 to 1 ppm for standard curves, and 0.25 ppm for routine analyses. Swatches are dried and pressed, and the reflectance from the swatches is measured using the L value on the L*a*b* scale of a Minolta Chroma Meter, Model CR-200 (Minolta Corporation, Ramsey, N.J. 07446). Performance is reported as a percentage of the performance of B. lentus (GG36) protease and is calculated by dividing the amount of B. lentus (GG36) protease by the amount of variant protease that is needed to provide the same stain removal performance X 100. The data are shown in Table VII.
TABLE VII______________________________________Enzyme            Wash Performance______________________________________B. lentus subtilisin             100N76D              310N76D/S103A        230N76D/V104I        130N76D/V107V        160N76D/S99D/S101R   370N76D/S99D/S103A   290N76D/S101R/S103A  130N76D/S101R/V104I  300N76D/S103A/V104I  320N76D/S103G/V104I  160N76D/S103A/V104F  210N76D/S103A/V104N  110N76D/S103A/V104T  170N76D/S104A/V107V  210N76D/S99D/S101R/S103A             220N76D/S99D/S101R/V104I             140N76D/S1010/S103A/V104I             170N76D/S101R/S103A/V104I             150N76D/S103A/V104I/S104/             170105AN76D/S103A/V104T/I107A             120N76D/S103A/V104T/I107L             110N76D/S103A/V104I/L126F             110N76D/S103A/V104I/S128G             280N76D/S103A/V104I/L135I             160N76D/S103A/V104I/L135V             160N76D/S103A/V104I/D197E             170N76D/S103A/V104I/N204A             160N76D/S103A/V104I/N204G             150N76D/S103A/V104I/P210I             470N76D/S103A/V104I/M222A             100N76D/S103A/V104I/T260P             280N76D/S103A/V104I/S265N             190______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________SEQUENCE LISTING(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 15(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:GAAGCTGCAACTCGTTAAA19(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:GCTGCTCTAGACAATTCG18(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 39 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:GTATTAGGGGCGGACGGTCGAGGCGCCATCAGCTCGATT39(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 33 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:TCAGGTTCGGTCTCGAGCGTTGCCCAAGGATTG33(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 22 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:CACGTTGCTAGCTTGAGTTTAG22(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 1497 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:GGTCTACTAAAATATTATTCCATACTATACAATTAATACACAGAATAATCTGTCTATTGG60TTATTCTGCAAATGAAAAAAAGGAGAGGATAAAGAGTGAGAGGCAAAAAAGTATGGATCA120GTTTGCTGTTTGCTTTAGCGTTAATCTTTACGATGGCGTTCGGCAGCACATCCTCTGCCC180AGGCGGCAGGGAAATCAAACGGGGAAAAGAAATATATTGTCGGGTTTAAACAGACAATGA240GCACGATGAGCGCCGCTAAGAAGAAAGATGTCATTTCTGAAAAAGGCGGGAAAGTGCAAA300AGCAATTCAAATATGTAGACGCAGCTTCAGTCACATTAAACGAAAAAGCTGTAAAAGAAT360TGAAAAAAGACCCGAGCGTCGCTTACGTTGAAGAAGATCACGTAGCACATGCGTACGCGC420AGTCCGTGCCTTACGGCGTATCACAAATTAAAGCCCCTGCTCTGCACTCTCAAGGCTACA480CTGGATCAAATGTTAAAGTAGCGGTTATCGACAGCGGTATCGATTCTTCTCATCCTGATT540TAAAGGTAGCAAGCGGAGCCAGCATGGTTCCTTCTGAAACAAATCCTTTCCAAGACAACA600ACTCTCACGGAACTCACGTTGCCGGCACAGTTGCGGCTCTTAATAACTCAATCGGTGTAT660TAGGCGTTGCGCCAAGCGCATCACTTTACGCTGTAAAAGTTCTCGGTGCTGACGGTTCCG720GCCAATACAGCTGGATCATTAACGGAATCGAGTGGGCGATCGCAAACAATATGGACGTTA780TTAACATGAGCCTCGGCGGACCTTCTGGTTCTGCTGCTTTAAAAGCGGCAGTTGATAAAG840CCGTTGCATCCGGCGTCGTAGTCGTTGCGGCAGCCGGTAACGAAGGCACTTCCGGCAGCT900CAAGCACAGTGGGCTACCCTGGTAAATACCCTTCTGTCATTGCAGTAGGCGCTGTTGACA960GCAGCAACCAAAGAGCATCTTTCTCAAGCGTAGGACCTGAGCTTGATGTCATGGCACCTG1020GCGTATCTATCCAAAGCACGCTTCCTGGAAACAAATACGGGGCGTACAACGGTACGTCAA1080TGGCATCTCCGCACGTTGCCGGAGCGGCTGCTTTGATTCTTTCTAAGCACCCGAACTGGA1140CAAACACTCAAGTCCGCAGCAGTTTAGAAAACACCACTACAAAACTTGGTGATTCTTTGT1200ACTATGGAAAAGGGCTGATCAACGTACAAGCGGCAGCTCAGTAAAACATAAAAAACCGGC1260CTTGGCCCCGCCGGTTTTTTATTATTTTTCTTCCTCCGCATGTTCAATCCGCTCCATAAT1320CGACGGATGGCTCCCTCTGAAAATTTTAACGAGAAACGGCGGGTTGACCCGGCTCAGTCC1380CGTAACGGCCAACTCCTGAAACGTCTCAATCGCCGCTTCCCGGTTTCCGGTCAGCTCAAT1440GCCATAACGGTCGGCGGCGTTTTCCTGATACCGGGAGACGGCATTCGTAATCGGATC1497(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 275 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:AlaGlnSerValProTyrGlyValSerGlnIleLysAlaProAlaLeu151015HisSerGlnGlyTyrThrGlySerAsnValLysValAlaValIleAsp202530SerGlyIleAspSerSerHisProAspLeuLysValAlaGlyGlyAla354045SerMetValProSerGluThrAsnProPheGlnAspAsnAsnSerHis505560GlyThrHisValAlaGlyThrValAlaAlaLeuAsnAsnSerIleGly65707580ValLeuGlyValAlaProSerAlaSerLeuTyrAlaValLysValLeu859095GlyAlaAspGlySerGlyGlnTyrSerTrpIleIleAsnGlyIleGlu100105110TrpAlaIleAlaAsnAsnMetAspValIleAsnMetSerLeuGlyGly115120125ProSerGlySerAlaAlaLeuLysAlaAlaValAspLysAlaValAla130135140SerGlyValValValValAlaAlaAlaGlyAsnGluGlyThrSerGly145150155160SerSerSerThrValGlyTyrProGlyLysTyrProSerValIleAla165170175ValGlyAlaValAspSerSerAsnGlnArgAlaSerPheSerSerVal180185190GlyProGluLeuAspValMetAlaProGlyValSerIleGlnSerThr195200205LeuProGlyAsnLysTyrGlyAlaTyrAsnGlyThrSerMetAlaSer210215220ProHisValAlaGlyAlaAlaAlaLeuIleLeuSerLysHisProAsn225230235240TrpThrAsnThrGlnValArgSerSerLeuGluAsnThrThrThrLys245250255LeuGlyAspSerPheTyrTyrGlyLysGlyLeuIleAsnValGlnAla260265270AlaAlaGln275(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 275 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:AlaGlnSerValProTyrGlyIleSerGlnIleLysAlaProAlaLeu151015HisSerGlnGlyTyrThrGlySerAsnValLysValAlaValIleAsp202530SerGlyIleAspSerSerHisProAspLeuAsnValArgGlyGlyAla354045SerPheValProSerGluThrAsnProTyrGlnAspGlySerSerHis505560GlyThrHisValAlaGlyThrIleAlaAlaLeuAsnAsnSerIleGly65707580ValLeuGlyValSerProSerAlaSerLeuTyrAlaValLysValLeu859095AspSerThrGlySerGlyGlnTyrSerTrpIleIleAsnGlyIleGlu100105110TrpAlaIleSerAsnAsnMetAspValIleAsnMetSerLeuGlyGly115120125ProThrGlySerThrAlaLeuLysThrValValAspLysAlaValSer130135140SerGlyIleValValAlaAlaAlaAlaGlyAsnGluGlySerSerGly145150155160SerThrSerThrValGlyTyrProAlaLysTyrProSerThrIleAla165170175ValGlyAlaValAsnSerSerAsnGlnArgAlaSerPheSerSerAla180185190GlySerGluLeuAspValMetAlaProGlyValSerIleGlnSerThr195200205LeuProGlyGlyThrTyrGlyAlaTyrAsnGlyThrSerMetAlaThr210215220ProHisValAlaGlyAlaAlaAlaLeuIleLeuSerLysHisProThr225230235240TrpThrAsnAlaGlnValArgAspArgLeuGluSerThrAlaThrTyr245250255LeuGlyAsnSerPheTyrTyrGlyLysGlyLeuIleAsnValGlnAla260265270AlaAlaGln275(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 274 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:AlaGlnThrValProTyrGlyIleProLeuIleLysAlaAspLysVal151015GlnAlaGlnGlyPheLysGlyAlaAsnValLysValAlaValLeuAsp202530ThrGlyIleGlnAlaSerHisProAspLeuAsnValValGlyGlyAla354045SerPheValAlaGlyGluAlaTyrAsnThrAspGlyAsnGlyHisGly505560ThrHisValAlaGlyThrValAlaAlaLeuAspAsnThrThrGlyVal65707580LeuGlyValAlaProSerValSerLeuTyrAlaValLysValLeuAsn859095SerSerGlySerGlySerTyrSerGlyIleValSerGlyIleGluTrp100105110AlaThrThrAsnGlyMetAspValIleAsnMetSerLeuGlyGlyAla115120125SerGlySerThrAlaMetLysGlnAlaValAspAsnAlaTyrAlaArg130135140GlyValValValValAlaAlaAlaGlyAsnSerGlyAsnSerGlySer145150155160ThrAsnThrIleGlyTyrProAlaLysTyrAspSerValIleAlaVal165170175GlyAlaValAspSerAsnSerAsnArgAlaSerPheSerSerValGly180185190AlaGluLeuGluValMetAlaProGlyAlaGlyValTyrSerThrTyr195200205ProThrAsnThrTyrAlaThrLeuAsnGlyThrSerMetAlaSerPro210215220HisValAlaGlyAlaAlaAlaLeuIleLeuSerLysHisProAsnLeu225230235240SerAlaSerGlnValArgAsnArgLeuSerSerThrAlaThrTyrLeu245250255GlySerSerPheTyrTyrGlyLysGlyLeuIleAsnValGluAlaAla260265270AlaGln(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 269 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:AlaGlnSerValProTrpGlyIleSerArgValGlnAlaProAlaAla151015HisAsnArgGlyLeuThrGlySerGlyValLysValAlaValLeuAsp202530ThrGlyIleSerThrHisProAspLeuAsnIleArgGlyGlyAlaSer354045PheValProGlyGluProSerThrGlnAspGlyAsnGlyHisGlyThr505560HisValAlaGlyThrIleAlaAlaLeuAsnAsnSerIleGlyValLeu65707580GlyValAlaProSerAlaGluLeuTyrAlaValLysValLeuGlyAla859095SerGlySerGlySerValSerSerIleAlaGlnGlyLeuGluTrpAla100105110GlyAsnAsnGlyMetHisValAlaAsnLeuSerLeuGlySerProSer115120125ProSerAlaThrLeuGluGlnAlaValAsnSerAlaThrSerArgGly130135140ValLeuValValAlaAlaSerGlyAsnSerGlyAlaGlySerIleSer145150155160TyrProAlaArgTyrAlaAsnAlaMetAlaValGlyAlaThrAspGln165170175AsnAsnAsnArgAlaSerPheSerGlnTyrGlyAlaGlyLeuAspIle180185190ValAlaProGlyValAsnValGlnSerThrTyrProGlySerThrTyr195200205AlaSerLeuAsnGlyThrSerMetAlaThrProHisValAlaGlyAla210215220AlaAlaLeuValLysGlnLysAsnProSerTrpSerAsnValGlnIle225230235240ArgAsnHisLeuLysAsnThrAlaThrSerLeuGlySerThrAsnLeu245250255TyrGlySerGlyLeuValAsnAlaGluAlaAlaThrArg260265(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 1140 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:ATGAAGAAACCGTTGGGGAAAATTGTCGCAAGCACCGCACTACTCATTTCTGTTGCTTTT60AGTTCATCGATCGCATCGGCTGCTGAAGAAGCAAAAGAAAAATATTTAATTGGCTTTAAT120GAGCAGGAAGCTGTCAGTGAGTTTGTAGAACAAGTAGAGGCAAATGACGAGGTCGCCATT180CTCTCTGAGGAAGAGGAAGTCGAAATTGAATTGCTTCATGAATTTGAAACGATTCCTGTT240TTATCCGTTGAGTTAAGCCCAGAAGATGTGGACGCGCTTGAACTCGATCCAGCGATTTCT300TATATTGAAGAGGATGCAGAAGTAACGACAATGGCGCAATCAGTGCCATGGGGAATTAGC360CGTGTGCAAGCCCCAGCTGCCCATAACCGTGGATTGACAGGTTCTGGTGTAAAAGTTGCT420GTCCTCGATACAGGTATTTCCACTCATCCAGACTTAAATATTCGTGGTGGCGCTAGCTTT480GTACCAGGGGAACCATCCACTCAAGATGGGAATGGGCATGGCACGCATGTGGCCGGGACG540ATTGCTGCTTTAAACAATTCGATTGGCGTTCTTGGCGTAGCGCCGAGCGCGGAACTATAC600GCTGTTAAAGTATTAGGGGCGAGCGGTTCAGGTTCGGTCAGCTCGATTGCCCAAGGATTG660GAATGGGCAGGGAACAATGGCATGCACGTTGCTAATTTGAGTTTAGGAAGCCCTTCGCCA720AGTGCCACACTTGAGCAAGCTGTTAATAGCGCGACTTCTAGAGGCGTTCTTGTTGTAGCG780GCATCTGGGAATTCAGGTGCAGGCTCAATCAGCTATCCGGCCCGTTATGCGAACGCAATG840GCAGTCGGAGCTACTGACCAAAACAACAACCGCGCCAGCTTTTCACAGTATGGCGCAGGG900CTTGACATTGTCGCACCAGGTGTAAACGTGCAGAGCACATACCCAGGTTCAACGTATGCC960AGCTTAAACGGTACATCGATGGCTACTCCTCATGTTGCAGGTGCAGCAGCCCTTGTTAAA1020CAAAAGAACCCATCTTGGTCCAATGTACAAATCCGCAATCATCTAAAGAATACGGCAACG1080AGCTTAGGAAGCACGAACTTGTATGGAAGCGGACTTGTCAATGCAGAAGCGGCAACACGC1140(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 1140 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:ATGAAGAAACCGTTGGGGAAAATTGTCGCAAGCACCGCACTACTCATTTCTGTTGCTTTT60AGTTCATCGATCGCATCGGCTGCTGAAGAAGCAAAAGAAAAATATTTAATTGGCTTTAAT120GAGCAGGAAGCTGTCAGTGAGTTTGTAGAACAAGTAGAGGCAAATGACGAGGTCGCCATT180CTCTCTGAGGAAGAGGAAGTCGAAATTGAATTGCTTCATGAATTTGAAACGATTCCTGTT240TTATCCGTTGAGTTAAGCCCAGAAGATGTGGACGCGCTTGAACTCGATCCAGCGATTTCT300TATATTGAAGAGGATGCAGAAGTAACGACAATGGCGCAATCAGTGCCATGGGGAATTAGC360CGTGTGCAAGCCCCAGCTGCCCATAACCGTGGATTGACAGGTTCTGGTGTAAAAGTTGCT420GTCCTCGATACAGGTATTTCCACTCATCCAGACTTAAATATTCGTGGTGGCGCTAGCTTT480GTACCAGGGGAACCATCCACTCAAGATGGGAATGGGCATGGCACGCATGTGGCCGGGACG540ATTGCTGCTTTAGACAACTCGATTGGCGTTCTTGGCGTAGCGCCGAGCGCGGAACTATAC600GCTGTTAAAGTATTAGGGGCGAGCGGTTCAGGCGCCATCAGCTCGATTGCCCAAGGATTG660GAATGGGCAGGGAACAATGGCATGCACGTTGCTAATTTGAGTTTAGGAAGCCCTTCGCCA720AGTGCCACACTTGAGCAAGCTGTTAATAGCGCGACTTCTAGAGGCGTTCTTGTTGTAGCG780GCATCTGGGAATTCAGGTGCAGGCTCAATCAGCTATCCGGCCCGTTATGCGAACGCAATG840GCAGTCGGAGCTACTGACCAAAACAACAACCGCGCCAGCTTTTCACAGTATGGCGCAGGG900CTTGACATTGTCGCACCAGGTGTAAACGTGCAGAGCACATACCCAGGTTCAACGTATGCC960AGCTTAAACGGTACATCGATGGCTACTCCTCATGTTGCAGGTGCAGCAGCCCTTGTTAAA1020CAAAAGAACCCATCTTGGTCCAATGTACAAATCCGCAATCATCTAAAGAATACGGCAACG1080AGCTTAGGAAGCACGAACTTGTATGGAAGCGGACTTGTCAATGCAGAAGCGGCAACACGC1140(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:TATGCCAGCCACAACGGTACTTCGATGGCT30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 31 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14:CACAGTTGCGGCTCTAGATAACTCAATCGGT31(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 33 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15:GCTGACGGTTCCGGCGCTATTAGTTGGATCATT33__________________________________________________________________________
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comprising multiply-substituted protease variantsWO2000071683A1 *May 10, 2000Nov 30, 2000Novozymes A/SSubtilase enzymes of the i-s1 and i-s2 sub-groups having at least one additional amino acid residue between positions 130 and 131WO2000071684A1 *May 10, 2000Nov 30, 2000Novozymes A/SSubtilase enzymes of the i-s1 and i-s2 sub-groups having at least one additional amino acid residue between positions 131 and 132WO2000071685A1 *May 10, 2000Nov 30, 2000Novozymes A/SSubtilase enzymes of the i-s1 and i-s2 sub-groups having at least one additional amino acid residue between positions 132 and 133WO2000071686A1 *May 10, 2000Nov 30, 2000Novozymes A/SSubtilase enzymes of the i-s1 and i-s2 sub-groups having at least one additional amino acid residue between positions 97 and 98WO2000071687A1 *May 10, 2000Nov 30, 2000Novozymes A/SSubtilase enzymes of the i-s1 and i-s2 sub-groups having at least one additional amino acid residue between positions 129 and 130WO2000071688A1 *May 10, 2000Nov 30, 2000Novozymes A/SSubtilase enzymes of the i-s1 and i-s2 sub-groups having at least one additional amino acid residue between positions 126 and 127WO2000071689A1 *May 10, 2000Nov 30, 2000Novozymes A/SSubtilase enzymes of the i-s1 and i-s2 sub-groups having at least one additional amino acid residue between positions 127 and 128WO2000071690A1 *May 10, 2000Nov 30, 2000Novozymes A/SSubtilase enzymes of the i-s1 and i-s2 sub-groups having at least one additional amino acid residue between positions 128 and 129WO2000071691A1 *May 10, 2000Nov 30, 2000Novozymes A/SSubtilase enzymes of the i-s1 and i-s2 sub-groups having at least one additional amino acid residue between positions 125 and 126WO2001021499A1Sep 22, 1999Mar 29, 2001The Procter & Gamble CompanyA hand-held liquid containerWO2004058961A1 *Dec 12, 2003Jul 15, 2004Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf AktienSubtilisin variants, with improved perhydrolase activityWO2011059714A1Oct 28, 2010May 19, 2011The Procter & Gamble CompanySolid laundry detergent compositionWO2011060028A1Nov 10, 2010May 19, 2011The Procter & Gamble CompanyLiquid laundry detergent compositionWO2016087617A1 *Dec 3, 2015Jun 9, 2016Novozymes A/SSubtilase variants and polynucleotides encoding same* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third partyClassifications U.S. Classification510/306, 510/375, 510/490, 510/374, 435/222, 510/320, 435/221, 510/392, 435/225, 435/224, 435/219, 435/220, 510/313, 134/42, 435/223International ClassificationG06Q40/04, A61K8/41, A61Q11/02, A61Q19/10, A61K8/22, C11D3/395, A61K8/49, A61K8/46, C12N9/56, D06L3/11, A61K8/42, C12R1/07, C11D3/386, A61Q11/00, C11D3/39, A61K8/66, C12N15/09, D06L3/00, C12S11/00, C12N15/57, A61K8/23, A61K8/24, C12N15/00Cooperative ClassificationA61K8/463, A61K2800/86, C11D3/3907, A61K2800/222, A61Q11/02, A61Q11/00, A61K8/24, A61K8/416, A61K8/22, A61Q19/10, A61K8/66, A61K8/42, C11D3/386, A61K8/23, C11D3/3917, A61K8/466, A61K8/49, G06Q40/04, A61K8/4906European ClassificationG06Q40/04, A61Q19/10, C11D3/39B2D6, A61K8/41L, A61K8/49, A61K8/23, A61K8/22, A61K8/42, A61K8/46F, C11D3/386, A61Q11/00, A61K8/49C, A61K8/66, A61K8/46C, A61Q11/02, A61K8/24, C11D3/39B2DLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 20, 1995ASAssignmentOwner name: PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY, THE, OHIOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GHOSH, CHANCHAL KUMAR;BURNS, MICHAEL EUGENE;DIGIULIO, DAVID NEIL;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007466/0837;SIGNING DATES FROM 19941027 TO 19941101Mar 29, 2001FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Mar 29, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Mar 20, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services