Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/40741504/Malaysian-Studies
Timestamp: 2017-03-25 09:34:52
Document Index: 62368147

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art 152', 'art 10', 'Arts 152', 'Art 5', 'Art 153', 'art 5', 'Art 5', 'Art 5', 'Art 5', 'Art 23', 'art 24']

Malaysian Studies | Malaysia | Constitution
BrowseInterestsStay InformedCareerPersonal GrowthFiction & BiographiesHealth & FitnessLifestyleCultureBrowse byBooksAudiobooksNews & MagazinesSheet MusicBrowse allUploadSign inJoinIndex ContentBriefing Introduction History The main provision in the Malaysian Constitution Religion The Supreme Head Political Rights Special Privileges Personal Liberties Citizenship Way of Acquiring Citizenship Loss of Citizenship Conclusion Bibliography
1 2 3 4 5 5-6 7-9 9-10 10-11 11 12-13 13-14 15 15
the press freedom and the licensing of newspapers and the freedom assembly. the way of obtaining the Malaysian citizenship by Jus Soli. Besides that. the past of everything about the constitution what happen and when did it happen. marriage and lastly we will be talking about the loss of citizenship. the sedition act. Jus Sanguinis. which is the main or the official language of Malaysia.Briefing of the topics
We will brief about the Malaysia Constitution¶s history. Then about the supreme head of federation which is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong The political rights will be explain later with the freedom of speech.
. the contempt of court. We will explain about the main provision in the Malaysian Constitution. the personal liberties with the explanation of Act 5 being set Next will be about the citizenship. The special privileges to the Bumiputras. We will also touch on the part about the main or official religion in Malaysia. what act of one would offence the law or with other reasons.
org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia
. The document also defines the rights and responsibilities of the federal government. the number of individual amendments to the constitution is estimated to be about 650. Parliament and the courts. The 1957 Constitution of the Federation of Malaya is the basis of this document. which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Malaysian Constitution is a written constitution. It provides for the establishment and the organization of three main branches of the government: the legislative branch called the Parliament. A constitution is a collection of measures and guidelines for regulating the administration of a country. It establishes Malaysia as a constitutional monarchy having the Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the Head of State whose roles are largely ceremonial. Its overrides the power of Yang di-Pertuan Agong. It is the only source of law that is permanently supreme. The Federal Constitution of Malaysia is the supreme law of Malaysia. for which a total of 118 individual amendments were required. the member states of the federation and the citizens and their relations to each other. which is supported by various additional documents to strengthen the action of the Constitution. a substantial number of which were technical and consequential amendments throughout the Constitution necessitated by territorial changes such as the formation of Malaysia. the executive branch led by the Prime Minister and consists of Cabinet Ministers. As of early 2006. and the judicial branch headed by the Federal Court.1
http://en.wikipedia. It is a source of legislation in the country that is permanently supreme.Introduction
Malaysia constitution is the 3rd principle of the Rukun Negara.
This proposal was accepted by Queen Elizabeth II and the Malay Rulers.2
http://en. the Federal Constitution Ordinance 1957 by the Parliament. the Chief Minister of the Federation (Tunku Abdul Rahman) and three other ministers. a distinguished Lord-of-Appeal-in-Ordinary. The conference proposed the appointment of an independent commission to devise a constitution for a fully self -governing and independent Federation of Malaya. The Constitution came into force on 27 August 1957. Sarawak.
The Constitution of Malaya (with significant amendments) was used as the basis for the Constitution of Malaysia when Malaya. consisting of four representatives of the Rulers. the Reid Commission. The Constitution of Malaya was drafted based on the advice of the Reid Commission which conducted a study in 1956. state enactments approving and giving force of law to the federal constitution. together with the Orders in Council made under it. consisting of constitutional experts from fellow Commonwealth countries and headed by Lord (William) Reid. In the Federation. the Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957. Formal independence was only achieved on 31 August however. Sabah. The constitutional machinery devised to bring the new constitution into force consisted of:
In the United Kingdom. and also by the British High Commissioner in Malaya and his advisers. was appointed by the Queen and the Malay Rulers.History
A constitutional conference was held in London from 18 January to 6 February 1956 attended by a delegation from the Federation of Malaya. Accordingly.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia
. In each of the Malay states. The Federation of Malaya Agreement 1957 between the government of the United Kingdom and the government of the Federation of Malaya. and Singapore merged to form Malaysia in 1963.wikipedia.
Official purposes here means any purpose of the Government. however. The government has the right to maintain the use and learning of the language of any other community in the Federation.edu. 4 After merdeka there was a move towards the establishment of BM ³de facto´ as the national and official language.com/doc/17518794/Constitution -of-Malaysia http://en. To this effect. Nobody will be prohibited or hindered from using. and includes any purpose of a public authority. use of Jawi is not prohibited.1967. all court proceedings and parliamentary documents and meetings are conducted in Malay. parliament did make provision for the national language.scribd. Art 152(2) allowed English to be used in parliament. teaching or learning another language except officially purposes 3. The potential conflict between the right to use languages other than Bahasa Malaysia.Government Malaysia . for example in education. in state assemblies and for official purpose for 10 years after merdeka.my/~husni/provision. On the expiry of the 10 years. The current orthography is the Latin alphabet or Rumi. whether Federal or State. Section XII which underlines that the national language decided upon is the Malay Language. The official script for the Malay language is determined by Parliament.wikipedia. was explored in the important and controversial case of Merdeka University Bhd v. 5
http://www.The main provision in the Malaysian Constitution
Language In the Malaysian Constitution the provision for the Malay Language as the national language is recorded under Article 152.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia 5 www1. English to be the language in the high court and the federal court.mmu.ppt
and for this purpose Parliament may by law make provisions for regulating Islamic religious affairs and for constituting a Council to advise the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in matters relating to the religion of Islam. but may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Conference of Rulers or be removed from office by the Conference of Rulers.Religion Islam is the official religion of the federation. 7
The Supreme Head There shall be a Supreme Head of the Federation.scribd.com/doc/17518794/Constitution -of-Malaysia http://en. to be called the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. the sultan or ruler is the head of Islam in the state concerned.scribd. Labuan. 6 Nothing in this Article derogates from any other provision of this Constitution. The Yang diPertuan Agong shall be elected by the Conference of Rulers for a term of five years. Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution the Yang diPertuan Agong shall be the Head of the religion of Islam in the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan.wikisource. but other religions are allowed to be practised in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation. who shall take precedence over all persons in the Federation and shall not be liable to any proceedings whatsoever in any court. Putrajaya) the head of Islam is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.8
http://www. The provisions of Part l and lll of the Third Schedule shall apply to the election and removal of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Consort of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (to be called the Raja Permaisuri Agong) shall take precedence next after the Yang diPertuan Agong over all other persons in the Federation. For states without a sultan or ruler (Sabah. In states that have a ruler or sultan as head of state. Malacca and Penang Island) and the Federal Territories (Kuala Lumpur. and shall cease to hold office on ceasing to be a Ruler.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_1 8 http://www. Sarawak.com/doc/17518794/Constitution -of-Malaysia
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall not exercise his functions as Ruler of his State except those Head of the religion of Islam. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall not actively engage in any commercial enterprise.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Chapter_1_ _The_Supreme_Head
. 8. 4. as the case may be. 5. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall not. without the consent of the Conference of Rulers. 2. who has died or has become incapable for any reason of performing the duties of the office of Regent or member of the Council of Regency. 7. Clauses (2) and (3) shall apply to the Raja Permaisuri Agong. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall not hold any appointment carrying any remuneration. or  (b) to appoint a Regent or member of a Council of Regency in the place of any Regent or member. except on a State visit to another country. 3.1. Nothing in Clause (1) shall prevent the Yang di-Pertuan Agong exercising as Ruler of his State any power vested in him either alone or in conjunction with any other authority  (a) to amend the Constitution of the State.wikisource. be absent from the Federation for more than fifteen days. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall not receive any emoluments of any kind payable or accruing to as the Ruler of his State under the provisions of the Constitution of that State or of any State law. Where the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong or any other person authorised by law exercises the functions of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for a period exceeding fifteen days Clause (1) to (5) shall apply to him during that period as they apply to the Yang diPertuan Agong.9
http://en. 6.
The act makes it an offence to utter or publish words which have a seditious tendency.153 or 181 ( the so called µsensitive issues¶) 10
www1. right .my/~husni/provision. And official secret act.ppt
.position. printing presses and publication act 1984. namely:  Question any matter.1971.edu.Political Rights General consideration under art 10.defined as rights to participate in the political process other than through ballot box in other words the rights to freedom of speech and expression. Sedition The sedition Act was originally enacted in 1948. privilege.status. The offence may be committed by the printer and publisher as well as by speaker or writer or by one who possesses or imports sedition matter. sovereignty or prerogative established or protected by Part or Arts 152. another item was added to the definition.  This definition is of course very wide but following a 1970 emergency-law amendment to the Act in the wake of the 1969riots.  Raising discontent or dissatisfaction among subject  Promoting ill will and hostility between races or classes of the population.mmu. Freedom of speech Many statues which restricted the right of freedom of speech and expression especially with regard to the sensitive issues under sedition act. defined as:  Bringing into hatred or contempt or exciting disaffection against any Ruler or Government  Exciting the alteration other than by lawful means of any matter by law established  Bringing into hatred or contempt the administration of justice. assembly and association.
and hot uncomfortable places for other groups of citizen.  The Supreme Court held that the PM¶s remarks did not constitute contempt of court but were µan articulation of the executive¶s frustration in not being able to achieve its objects in matter where the intervention of the courts has been sought to some avail¶.  In Oii Kee Saik the accused was convicted of sedition when he charged the government with providing µcomfortable shady places for one group of citizen.ppt
. Mr Lim alleged that his criticisms were a challenge to the authority of the judiciary and the separation of powers. which define the boundaries of freedom of speech in the light of local circumstances. 11
www1.my/~husni/provision. Mahathir Mohammad. and intimidated the judiciary. Ong Hock Yhye CJ (Malaya) held the accused guilty of when he wrote as an editorial sub -heading :¶ abolish Tamil or Chinese ±medium schools in this country.edu. the remarks were roundly criticized by Salleh Abas as a misconception of the constitutional role of the court. The Prime minister himself was the subject of a contempt of court application by the leader of opposition. However.  Example:  In Melan bin Abdullah .¶
Contempt of court  The law of contempt of court has also given rise to some spectacular cases.mmu. The judge must decide wheater the words have a seditious tendency.  Example: In Lim Kit Siang v Dato Seri Dr. The PM had criticized the courts for interpreting statutes contrary to the intention of parliament.
and gatherings of more than 5 persons in public places require a permit. being backward and confined to the mountainous jungle areas of central Malaya.my/~husni/provision. A number of weekly and monthly journals have also been subjected to this procedure. historically.mmu.ppt
. forbids the rich as well as the poor from sleeping under bridges and stealing bread´ The rational of positive discrimination is itself based on the concept of equality : to impose equality on already unequal groups simply perpetuates inequality. The justification for such an unusual situation is that the bumiputra constitute. which must be applied for 14 days in advance. This power has been used to control the press.³Malays and natives of any States of Sabah and Sarawak´. The minister¶s power to refuse to renew the license is not subject to judicial review. 12 Special Privileges Special privileges to bumiputera. in its magisterial equality.edu. Anotole France wrote of legal equality.Press Freedom and the licensing of newspapers The printing presses and publication act 1984 requires the keeper of a printing press to obtain a license from the minister and making a deposit the amount of which is fixed by him. In Malaysia there is an equivalent to the Indian situation in the sense that the indigenous orang asli are group similar to the Scheduled Tribes. Freedom of assembly Freedom of assembly has been regulated by the Police Act 1967. economically disadvantaged group who would fall further behind if rule of legal equality were strictly observed. 4 newspaper were closed in 1987 during the µoperasi lalang¶ crisis. For example. It is inherent in the concept of equality that inequality must first be overcome and it is inherent also in
www1. well being or advancement of the aborigines ( including the reservation of land) or the reservation to aborigines of a reasonable proportion of suitable positions in the public service. The constitution provides for the validity´any provision for the protection. ³the law.
Personal liberties Art 5 . The right to be informed of the Grounds of arrest. and. µas soon as may be¶ depends on the facts of the case. where required by federal law. but merely confers limited powers on government and parliament.  3. 14
http://www.edu.my/~husni/provision. Art 153(1) says that it is the responsibility of the YDPA to safeguard the special position of the Malays and native of Sabah and Sarawak.No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty save in accordance with law.ppt
. these provision do not allow unequal treatment of federal employees of different race. Secondly.permits or licenses for the operation of any trade or business.scribd. However. YDPA responsible to ensure the reservation for Bumiputera of such proportion as he may deem reasonable of:  1. shall order him to be produces before the court and release him. Among the rights are the right to habeas corpus where complaint is made to a High Court of any Judge thereof that a person is being unlawfully detained the court shall inquire into the complaint.com/doc/17518794/Constitution -of-Malaysia www1. unless satisfied that the detention is lawful.mmu. and also renders the arrest invalid.position in the federal public service  2. A delay of 57 days between arrest and informing the detainee of the grounds is clearly contrary to art 5 (3). Art 5(3) gives a right to an arrested person to be µinformed as soon as may be of the grounds of his arrest¶. The constitution doesn¶t allow simply any kind of discrimination in favour of bumiputra.scholarships and other similar education or training privileges. It is not a blank cheque.the concept of discrimination that at some point it must be regarded as having fulfilled its purpose. And the legitimate interests of other communities.
my/~husni/provision. Designed to prevent repeated trials.edu. Lastly. the right to counsel.15 Citizenship Citizenship is a status held by the people who have the right to be in a country. and in any case within 24 hours of arrest. the period of time is 14 days rather than 24 hours. ± The right to vote ± the right to take active in politics ± the right to fill a post that exclusive for citizen only ± Free to own landed property Holding this status demands at the same time certain responsibilities. Art 5(4) contains the right of an arrested person without unreasonable delay. double Jeopardy. freedom of movement and property rights.Thirdly.Then. In case of arrest of a non-citizen under immigration laws. ± Give national service including the army if required to. to be produced before a Magistrate and not to be detained further without the Magistrate¶s authority. Art 5 (3) the right to be µallowed to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice¶.
www1. ± Abide the laws and help run the systems in the country.ppt
. Next. This status give rights.the accused has already been convicted of the offence.mmu. benefits and certain facilities. the right to production before a magistrate. ± Contribute to the productivity of the country in whatever field he undertakes ± Participate and as far as possible support national programmes and events.
He was not a citizen of any country
Jus Sanguinis The factor jus sanguinis relies solely on the citizenship status of the father. 16
http://en. or ± His father holds a post in the Public Service at the Federal or State level.wikisource. ± His own father was born in Malaysia. Those born after 1962 can become citizens if they fulfil one of the conditions: At the time of his birth. However for the child of a citizen who is born outside the country. the child inherits the father¶s citizenship status if.mother or father has been residing in the country  c. citizenship status is automatic for people born in Malaysia between independence day and October 1962.  a.Ways of acquiring citizenship
Jus Soli This is based on the laws of the birth place... Regardless the status of the mother or father. regardless of whether he is born outside the country. If the father is a citizen. or ± His birth was registered at the office of the Malaysian Consulate or with the Malaysian government within one year after his birth.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Chapter_1_ _Acquisition_of_Citizenship
.The mother or father is a citizen  b.
and the marriage is still binding. and have sufficient knowledge of the Malay language. 17
Loss of citizenship  He himself rejects the citizenship for personal reasons.Marriage The right to a foreign woman who is married to a Malaysian citizen to apply to become a citizen. or ± The foreign woman has lived in the Federation for two years before the application is made. and of good conduct. Citizenship is given through registration. Applicants are required aged 21 and above. (Renunciation (Art 23) )  He has violated the laws and committed a prohibition action.wikisource.
Naturalization Residents who are not born in Malaysia to become Malaysian citizens.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Chapter_1_ _Acquisition_of_Citizenship
. and have lived in the Federation for at least 10 out of 12 years from and up to the date of application. and have intention to live permanently in the country. whereas the rights are given only to the citizens of those countries. The Applicant must continue living in the Federation and is of good conduct. (Deprivation (art 24)  Can be one of the following: ± he has become the citizen of another country ± He is enjoying all the rights and facilities in another country.
http://en. The following condition must be fulfilled: ± If the husband is a citizen in October 1962 or prior to that.
000  Give services to another country without permission  Lives continuously for 5 years in a foreign country unless he is on service with or on behalf of the Malaysian Government  The citizenship has been falsely obtained  A foreign woman who acquired her citizenship status through marriage.± A woman becomes the citizen of a foreign country through marriage ± Acts negatively showing he is no longer loyal to Malaysia ± Has ties with a hostile country  Has been sentenced in a state within a period of 5 years after becoming a citizen of the Federation with a jail sentence of not less than 12 months or fined not less than RM5.scribd. 18
http://www. is divorced from the husband. except in the case of divorce where the husband has passed away.com/doc/17518794/Constitution -of-Malaysia
http://en. This case are because.wikisource.mmu. people bred to be respectful and consider constitution as nation¶s supreme law.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia http://www. There could be criticism that constitution as a important basic document and no need to be amended many times. since formation of Malaysia Federal Constitution.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_1 http://en.my/~husni/provision.Conclusion
Malaysia as a sovereign country having complete and detailed own constitution. Malaysians required respect it.com/doc/17518794/Constitution -of-Malaysia www1.wikisource. However.scribd.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Chapter_1_-_The_Supreme_Head http://en.edu.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Mal aysia#Chapter_1__Acquisition_of_Citizenship
. this constitution had several times amended.wikipedia. However.ppt http://en.
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