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Patent US7240001 - Quality improvement techniques in an audio encoder - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn audio encoder implements multi-channel coding decision, band truncation, multi-channel rematrixing, and header reduction techniques to improve quality and coding efficiency. In the multi-channel coding decision technique, the audio encoder dynamically selects between joint and independent coding of...http://www.google.com/patents/US7240001?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7240001 - Quality improvement techniques in an audio encoderAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7240001 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/016,918Publication dateJul 3, 2007Filing dateDec 14, 2001Priority dateDec 14, 2001Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS7917369, US8554569, US8805696, US20030115041, US20070185706, US20090326962, US20140039884, US20140316788Publication number016918, 10016918, US 7240001 B2, US 7240001B2, US-B2-7240001, US7240001 B2, US7240001B2InventorsWei-ge Chen, Naveen Thumpudi, Ming-Chieh LeeOriginal AssigneeMicrosoft CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (49), Non-Patent Citations (76), Referenced by (72), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetQuality improvement techniques in an audio encoder
US 7240001 B2Abstract
The following concurrently-filed, U.S. patent applications relate to the present application: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/017,694, entitled, “QUALITY AND RATE CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR DIGITAL AUDIO,” filed Dec. 14, 2001, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/017,861, entitled, “TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF PERCEPTUAL AUDIO QUALITY,” filed Dec. 14, 2001, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/017,702, entitled, “QUANTIZATION MATRICES FOR DIGITAL AUDIO,” filed Dec. 14, 2001, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/020,708, entitled, “ADAPTIVE WINDOW-SIZE SELECTION IN TRANSFORM CODING,” filed Dec. 14, 2001, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
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M [ k , n ] = E [ k , n ] 10 m [ k ] 10 ( 2 ) for m[k]=3.0 if k*res≦12 and m[k]=k*res if k*res>12, where k is the critical band, res is the resolution of the band scale in terms of Bark bands, n is the frame, and E[k, n] is the excitation pattern.
In MP3, the encoder incorporates a psychoacoustic model to calculate Signal to Mask Ratios [“SMRs”] for frequency ranges called threshold calculation partitions. In a path separate from the rest of the encoder, the encoder processes the original audio information according to the psychoacoustic model. The psychoacoustic model uses a different frequency transform than the rest of the encoder (FFT vs. hybrid polyphase/MDCT filter bank) and uses separate computations for energy and other parameters. In the psychoacoustic model, the MP3 encoder processes blocks of frequency coefficients according to the threshold calculation partitions, which have sub-Bark band resolution (e.g., 62 partitions for a long block of 48 kHz input). The encoder calculates a SMR for each partition. The encoder converts the SMRs for the partitions into SMRs for scale factor bands. A scale factor band is a range of frequency coefficients for which the encoder calculates a weight called a scale factor. The number of scale factor bands depends on sampling rate and block size (e.g., 21 scale factor bands for a long block of 48 kHz input). The encoder later converts the SMRs for the scale factor bands into allowed distortion thresholds for the scale factor bands.
Max ( σ l , σ r ) Min ( σ l , σ r ) < Max ( σ s , σ d ) Min ( σ s , σ d ) ( 8 ) where σl, σr, σs, and σd. refer to standard deviation in left, right, sum and difference channels, respectively, in either the time or frequency (transform) domain. If either denominator is zero, that corresponding ratio is taken to be a large value, e.g. infinity.
Finally, re-matrixed channels can then be obtained (e.g., in the inverse multi-channel transformation 930) through the following equations:
k ′ = floor ( k ρ ) , ( 19 ) ρ = max - subframe - size subframe - size , ( 20 ) where Y[k] is the normalized block with interpolated frequency coefficient values, α is an amplitude scaling factor described below, and k′ is an index in the block of frequency coefficients. The index k′ depends on the interpolation factor ρ, which is the ratio of the largest sub-frame size to the current sub-frame size. If the current sub-frame size is 1024 coefficients and the maximum size is 4096 coefficients, ρ is 4, and for every coefficient from 0-511 in the current transform block (which has a size of 0≦k<(subframe_size/2)), the normalized block Y[k] includes four consecutive values. Alternatively, the encoder uses other linear or non-linear interpolation techniques to normalize block size.
α = c subframe - size , ( 21 ) where c is a constant with a value determined experimentally, for example, c=1.0. Alternatively, other scaling factors can be used to normalize block amplitude scale.
E [ b ] = ∑ k ∈ B [ b ] Y 2 [ k ] , ( 23 ) where B[b] is a set of coefficient indices that represent frequencies within critical band b. For example, if the critical band b spans the frequency range [fl,fh], the set B[b] can be given as:
So, if the sampling rate is 44.1 kHz and the maximum sub-frame size is 4096 samples, the coefficient indices 38 through 47 (of 0 to 2047) fall within a critical band that runs from 400 up to but not including 510. The frequency ranges [fl,fh] for the critical bands are implementation-dependent, and numerous options are well known. For example, see ITU-R BS 1387, the MP3 standard, or references mentioned therein.
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ClassificationG10L19/02, G10L19/002, G10L19/008European ClassificationG10L19/02Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 14, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTONFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHEN, WEI-GE;THUMPUDI, NAVEEN;LEE, MING-CHIEH;REEL/FRAME:012386/0115Effective date: 20011214Dec 3, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 9, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTONFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034541/0001Effective date: 20141014Dec 29, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services