Source: https://beta.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/introduction-to-state-of-missouri-v-baldwin-et-al-for-arson/1
Timestamp: 2020-01-29 12:49:39
Document Index: 152674418

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 2', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art. 2', 'art. 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art. 3', 'art. 3', 'art. 3', 'art 3']

Introduction to State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson, Page 1
State of Missouri v. Baldwin, Morrison, Higbee, Marsh, Wight, Brunson, JS, Hunter, and Pratt for Arson
Fifth Judicial Circuit of Missouri, 29 November 1838
Daviess Co., Missouri, Circuit Court, 11 April 1839
Around 10 April 1839, a grand jury in
, Missouri, indicted JS and eight other Latter-day Saint men for allegedly burning
’s store on 18 October 1838 in
, the seat of Daviess County.
Indictment, ca. 10 Apr. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; see LeSueur, 1838 Mormon War in Missouri, 117, 119.
During summer 1838, violence broke out between church members and their antagonists in northwestern
. In early October, Latter-day Saints were expelled from
in Carroll County, Missouri, making it clear that civil authorities would not protect church members from extralegal violence. Having forced the Saints from De Witt, the church’s opponents turned their attention to
and other settlements in Daviess County. In response, church leaders in
, decided to engage in aggressive self-defense.
For more information on the 1838 conflict between Latter-day Saints and their opponents in Missouri, see Introduction to Part 2: 8 July–29 Oct. 1838, in JSP, D6:169–175; Introduction to Part 3: 4 Nov. 1838–16 Apr. 1839, in JSP, D6:265–272; Introduction to State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot; and Introduction to State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason.
’s words, the Saints planned “to scatter the mob” and “to destroy those places that harbored them” in Daviess County, particularly Gallatin, which was a suspected vigilante haven.
Corrill, Brief History, 37–38.
On 18 October 1838, apostle
led about eighty Latter-day Saint men to
to expel vigilantes opposed to the church, burn buildings owned by vigilantes and their sympathizers, and confiscate essential goods as wartime appropriations.
Andrew Job, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [70]; George Worthington, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [100]; Ezra Williams, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [109], in Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason]; Lyman Wight, Testimony, Nauvoo, IL, 1 July 1843, p. 16, Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL.
Morris Phelps, a participant in the expedition, stated that the town’s residents scattered when they recognized the approaching Saints. Church members targeted
’s grocery store, believed to be a “place of rendezvous” for the church’s opponents.
Phelps, Reminiscences, 9–10. Although Phelps did not disclose his participation in the Gallatin expedition, several witnesses at the November 1838 hearing identified him as among the men who were present. (See, for example, Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [22]; George M. Hinkle, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [40]; and John Cleminson, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [52], in Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason].)
The store clerk, Patrick Lynch, later testified that he escaped the building just as the Latter-day Saints approached. From a secluded position, he watched the men secure the building and move goods into the street.
Patrick Lynch, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [112]–[113], in Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason].
The store was then set on fire, apparently by church members. Oliver Huntington, a Latter-day Saint living at
at the time, later recalled that from a distance, he observed smoke “rising towards Heaven.” When the men returned to Adam-ondi-Ahman, Huntington saw that goods confiscated from the store were deposited in Bishop
’s home.
Oliver Huntington, “History of Oliver Boardman Huntington,” 21–22. Several disaffected Latter-day Saints testified at the November 1838 hearing. Reed Peck testified that just before the October expedition to Gallatin, JS gave a speech “in refference to stealing,” stating that “in a general way he did not approve of it” but that under certain circumstances it was necessary, such as when the “Saviour & his disciples stole corn in passing thro’ the corn fields for the reason that they could not otherwise procure any thing to eat.” William W. Phelps testified that JS gave the speech because “when they went out to war it was necessary to take spoils to live on.” Jeremiah Myers, a Latter-day Saint who participated in the expedition, explained that the goods removed from Stollings’s store were “considered consecrated property & that they were to be dealt out by the bishop to those who stood in need.” (Reed Peck, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [57]; William W. Phelps, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [89]; Jeremiah Myers, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [69], in Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason]; see also Matthew 12:1–8; Mark 2:23–28; and Luke 6:1–5.)
, responding to exaggerated reports of this raid and other skirmishes, branded all Latter-day Saints “enemies” and ordered that they be “exterminated or driven from the state.” The “ringleaders of this rebellion,” including JS, were to be arrested and tried for crimes allegedly committed during the conflict.
Introduction to Part 3: 4 Nov. 1838–16 Apr. 1839, in JSP, D6:269–272; Lilburn W. Boggs, Jefferson City, MO, to John B. Clark, Fayette, MO, 27 Oct. 1838, copy; Lilburn W. Boggs, Jefferson City, MO, to John B. Clark, 6 Nov. 1838, copy, Mormon War Papers, Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City.
In late October and early November 1838, more than three thousand state militia troops occupied Latter-day Saint settlements in
counties. Church members were given until spring to leave the state, while JS and more than fifty other Latter-day Saint men were taken into custody under the authority of Major General
, who had the prisoners moved to his headquarters in
. On 10 November, Clark explained to Boggs that he had “made out charges against the prisoners” based on information garnered primarily from Latter-day Saint dissidents. He identified “treason, murder, arson, burglary, robbery and larceny and perjury” as their offenses, all committed “under the counsel of Joseph Smith jr, the prophet.”
John B. Clark, Richmond, MO, to Lilburn W. Boggs, Jefferson City, MO, 10 Nov. 1838, copy, underlining in original; Samuel D. Lucas, Independence, MO, to Lilburn W. Boggs, [Jefferson City, MO], 5 Nov. 1838, copy, Mormon War Papers, Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City.
arranged with Judge
’s fifth judicial circuit to preside at a criminal court of inquiry to determine whether there was probable cause to send the cases against the Latter-day Saints to a grand jury.
John B. Clark, Richmond, MO, to Lilburn W. Boggs, Jefferson City, MO, 10 Nov. 1838, copy; Lilburn W. Boggs, Jefferson City, MO, to John B. Clark, 19 Nov. 1838, copy, Mormon War Papers, Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City; An Act to Regulate Proceedings in Criminal Cases [21 Mar. 1835], Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri [1835], pp. 474–475, art. 2, secs. 2–3; Introduction to State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason; Madsen, “Joseph Smith and the Missouri Court of Inquiry,” 93–94.
served as the prosecutor, while
, and John R. Williams represented the fifty-three defendants in custody.
Sidney Rigdon, Appeal to the American People, 1840, p. 66; Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason], p. [2]; Agreement with Amos Rees and Alexander Doniphan, 28 Nov. 1838. The fifty-three men were Martin Allred, William Allred, Caleb Baldwin, John Buchanan, Daniel Carn, Darwin Chase, Moses Clawson, Benjamin Covey, Sheffield Daniels, John Earl, Elisha Edwards, David Frampton, Jacob Gates, Luman Gibbs, George D. Grant, George W. Harris, Anthony Head, James Henderson, Francis M. Higbee, John Higbee, Chandler Holbrook, Jesse Hunter, Benjamin Jones, George Kimball, Amasa Lyman, Silas Maynard, Alexander McRae, Isaac Morley, Elijah Newman, Zedekiah Owens, Ebenezer Page, Edward Partridge, David Pettegrew, Parley P. Pratt, Thomas Rich, Sidney Rigdon, Alanson Ripley, Ebenezer Robinson, George W. Robinson, Daniel Shearer, Norman Shearer, Hyrum Smith, JS, Allen Stout, John Tanner, Daniel Thomas, Alvah Tippets, Sidney Turner, Washington Voorhees, Andrew Whitlock, Lyman Wight, Joseph W. Younger, and Henry Zabrisky. (Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason], pp. [1]–[2].)
During the proceedings, eleven more Latter-day Saint men were charged, bringing the total to sixty-four defendants.
The eleven men were Samuel Bent, Ebenezer Brown, Jonathan Dunham, King Follett, Clark Hallett, Sylvester Hulet, Joel Miles, James Newberry, Morris Phelps, James Rollins, and William A. Wightman. (Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason], pp. [34], [61], [70], [100].)
The church members’ October 1838 expedition to
, including the burning of
’s store, was a significant topic at the hearing.
law stated that “every person who shall wilfully set fire to, or burn . . . any shop, ware-house, or other building” would “be adjudged guilty of arson.”
An Act concerning Crimes and Their Punishments [20 Mar. 1835], Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri [1835], p. 174, art. 3, sec. 6.
Disaffected Latter-day Saint
claimed in his testimony that he heard JS and other church leaders making plans in
“to take the goods out of the Store at Gallatin, bring them to Diahmon & burn the store.”
William W. Phelps, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [90]–[91], in Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason].
Although several individuals said they saw the building burning, none could definitively state that a Latter-day Saint had lit the fire.
William Morgan, Affidavit, Daviess Co., MO, 21 Oct. 1838, copy, Mormon War Papers, Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City; Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [7]; Patrick Lynch, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [113]; Joseph McGee, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [103]; George W. Worthington, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [101], in Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason].
Morris Phelps later claimed that
, a Latter-day Saint who participated in the expedition to Gallatin, had “in his rage hurled a pine brand into it [the store] which melted it to ashes.” However, Phelps then backtracked: “Others have said that the mob burnt it in order to have a pretext or cause of action against the Mormons. But the particulars of these things remain yet to be determined.”
Phelps continued: “Allowing this to be the Mormons;— The reader will bear in mind the many extream which they have been driven too by loss of property by the sufferings of their Women and children; their houses frequently burnt their women and children turned in to the snow.” He conceded that “many had become much enraged and perhaps carried some things beyond the bounds of wisdom as other men frequently do when driven to desperation.” (Phelps, Reminiscences, 10–11.)
As for JS, no witnesses placed him in Gallatin during the expedition on 18 October. Several instead affirmed that he remained in Adam-ondi-Ahman to direct the Latter-day Saints’ several military operations in
Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [7]–[8]; George M. Hinkle, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [39]; John Cleminson, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [52]–[54]; Reed Peck, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [59]–[60]; William W. Phelps, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [89]–[91], in Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason].
At the conclusion of the hearing on 29 November,
held there was “probable cause to believe” that twenty-four Latter-day Saints had committed “Arson, Burglary, Robbery and Larceny” in
. They were admitted to bail on the condition that they appear before the grand jury at the April 1839 session of the Daviess County Circuit Court.
Trial Proceedings, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [125]–[126], in Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason]. The following prisoners were admitted to bail for arson and other crimes: Samuel Bent, Daniel Carn, Jonathan Dunham, Jacob Gates, George D. Grant, Clark Hallett, James Henderson, Francis M. Higbee, John Higbee, Jesse D. Hunter, George Kimball, Joel Miles, Ebenezer Page, Edward Partridge, David Pettegrew, Thomas Rich, Alanson Ripley, Ebenezer Robinson, George W. Robinson, James H. Rollins, Sidney Turner, Washington Voorhees, William A. Wightman, and Joseph W. Younger.
Though JS would be named later as part of the grand jury’s indictment, he was not included among the twenty-four defendants named by King. The judge may have left JS’s name off the list knowing that he would already be incarcerated because King himself had earlier found probable cause to believe that JS,
—all of whom would later be named in the arson indictment—had committed treason against the state of
. As treason was a nonbailable offense, the men were confined in the
, Missouri, to await the spring term of the court.
See Introduction to State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason; Indictment, ca. 10 Apr. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; and Introduction to Part 3: 4 Nov. 1838–16 Apr. 1839, in JSP, D6:274–275, 278.
On 6 April 1839, the prisoners were removed from the
jail and transported to
, where the April 1839 session of the Daviess County Circuit Court was held at the home of Elisha B. Creekmore, just southeast of
Introduction to Part 3: 4 Nov. 1838–16 Apr. 1839, in JSP, D6:278, 278n66.
of the recently formed eleventh judicial circuit presided, and James A. Clark acted as the prosecuting attorney.
In late January 1839, the Missouri legislature reorganized the state’s second and fifth judicial circuits, moving Daviess County from the fifth circuit to the newly created eleventh circuit, with Burch as the circuit’s judge. (An Act to Establish a Judicial Circuit out of the Second and Fifth Judicial Circuits [31 Jan. 1839], Laws of the State of Missouri [1838–1839], p. 34, sec. 3; Bay, Reminiscences of the Bench and Bar of Missouri, 487; Daviess Co., MO, Circuit Court Record, Apr. 1839, vol. A, 39, 41, Daviess County Courthouse, Gallatin, MO.)
Sheriff William Morgan impaneled twenty county residents as a grand jury to review, with the assistance of Clark, evidence for the arson charge as well as other charges against JS and dozens of other Latter-day Saint men for crimes allegedly committed during the 1838 conflict.
Members of the grand jury were John Anderson, Nathaniel Blakely, John Brown, William Cox, John Dowdy, John Edwards, Elijah Frost, Richard Grant, Andrew McHany, Moses Netherton, Jonathan Oxford, Robert P. Peniston Jr., Robert P. Peniston Sr. (foreman), John Pinkerton, John Raglin, Jacob Rogers, John Stokes, Christopher Stone, Nicholas Trosper, and Benedict Weldon. (Daviess Co., MO, Circuit Court Record, Apr. 1839, vol. A, 43, Daviess County Courthouse, Gallatin, MO; An Act to Regulate Proceedings in Criminal Cases [21 Mar. 1835], Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri [1835], pp. 479–480, art. 3, secs. 7–8; see also “Grand Jury,” in Bouvier, Law Dictionary, 1:447–449.)
Clark presented an indictment to the grand jury laying out the prosecution’s case that
, Jesse D. Hunter,
“feloniously unlawfully, and maliciously did set fire to and burn a Certain Store house of one
Indictment, ca. 10 Apr. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]. Only Jesse D. Hunter was bound over for arson and other crimes at the November 1838 hearing. (Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason].)
Rather than dating the burning to 18 October—the date established in historical accounts—the indictment claimed that the crime occurred on 10 November, a problematic date given that each of the named defendants was in state custody by that time. In addition, Clark inserted into the indictment that the arson occurred “in the night time,” whereas historical accounts indicated that the burning occurred during the day.
law carried harsher penalties for arson committed at night.
Nighttime arson of a store was considered a second-degree felony, punishable by imprisonment in the state penitentiary “not less than seven years, nor exceeding ten years.” Daytime arson was a third-degree felony, punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary “not less than five, nor exceeding seven years.” (An Act concerning Crimes and Their Punishments [20 Mar. 1835], Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri [1835], pp. 174, 175, art. 3, secs. 6, 12.)
Clark wrote on the wrapper of the indictment the name of
as a witness. Around 10 April, when the grand jury hearing concluded, foreman Robert P. Peniston Sr. wrote “true Bill” on the document, indicating that at least twelve of the grand jurors approved the indictment.
Indictment, ca. 10 Apr. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; “Grand Jury,” in Bouvier, Law Dictionary, 1:448; An Act to Regulate Proceedings in Criminal Cases [21 Mar. 1835], Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri [1835], p. 481, art. 3, sec. 19. The grand jury also indicted several Latter-day Saint men for burglary—for allegedly breaking into and removing property from Stollings’s store—but JS was not named as a defendant in that indictment. (Indictment, [Honey Creek Township, MO], ca. 10 Apr. 1839, State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Burglary [Daviess Co. Cir. Ct. 1839], Historical Department, Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, CHL.)
Historical Department. Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, 1829–1973. CHL.
The grand jury submitted the arson indictment to the circuit court on 11 April 1839.
Docket Entry, Indictment, 11 Apr. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson].
Of the nine named defendants, only three—JS,
—were present in the circuit court on 11 April, because the remaining defendants had already departed
in forced compliance with
’s expulsion order.
See Docket Entry, Removal Orders, 11 Apr. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; Lilburn W. Boggs, Jefferson City, MO, to John B. Clark, Fayette, MO, 27 Oct. 1838, copy, Mormon War Papers, Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City; and Introduction to Part 3: 4 Nov. 1838–16 Apr. 1839, in JSP, D6:275–276.
Citing his previous service as the prosecuting attorney in the case,
issued an order that changed the venue of the arson case for JS and his fellow prisoners to
in the second judicial circuit.
Docket Entry, Removal Orders, 11 Apr. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson].
on 12 April 1839, along with Sheriff William Morgan and four guards, but escaped en route to Boone County on 16 April with the guards’ complicity.
made certified copies of the indictment and the other records in his docket for the arson case and forwarded them to the
Indictment, ca. 10 Apr. 1839, Copy [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; Docket Entry, Indictment, 11 Apr. 1839, Copy [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; Docket Entry, Removal Orders, 11 Apr. 1839, Copy [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson].
However, perhaps due to the escape of the prisoners, Wilson was evidently uncertain as to whether Daviess County maintained jurisdiction in the case. On 30 May 1839, over a month after he had made the certified copy of the indictment to send to Boone County, Wilson issued a capias ordering the Daviess County sheriff to arrest JS and the other defendants named in the indictment.
The writ of capias for the arson case is not extant, but it is mentioned in Docket Entry, Nolle Prosequi, 10 Dec. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]. (See also Writ of Capias, 30 May 1839 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot].)
Docket Entry, Continuance, 14 Aug. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; Docket Entry, Nolle Prosequi, 10 Dec. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson].
In contrast, Roger N. Todd, clerk of the Boone County Circuit Court, evidently believed that his court held jurisdiction over all the men named in the arson indictment, regardless of whether they were specifically named in the change of venue order. On motion of the prosecuting attorney, the arson case was continued on the Boone County court’s docket until August 1840. During that term, as it was apparent that the defendants were not going to appear for the trial, Judge John D. Leland ordered that the case be dismissed.
Docket Entry, Continuance, 17 Aug. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; Docket Entry, Continuance, 4 Nov. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; Docket Entry, Nolle Prosequi, 5 Aug. 1840 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; Boone Co., MO, Circuit Court Records, 1821–1925, vol. C, p. [315], microfilm 981,755, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.
State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson, Daviess Co., Missouri, Circuit Court
Ca. 10 Apr. 1839; Historical Department, Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, CHL; handwriting of James A. Clark; docket and notation in handwriting of James A. Clark with probable signature of Robert P. Peniston Sr.
photocopy at State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia; handwriting of Robert Wilson; docket and notations in handwriting of Robert Wilson; notation in handwriting of Roger N. Todd.
11 Apr. 1839; Daviess County Circuit Court Record, vol. A, 1837–1843, p. 58, Daviess County Courthouse, Gallatin, MO; handwriting of Robert Wilson.
photocopy at State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia; handwriting of Robert Wilson.
11 Apr. 1839; Daviess County Circuit Court Record, vol. A, 1837–1843, p. 70, Daviess County Courthouse, Gallatin, MO; handwriting of Robert Wilson.
in “Copy of Record,” 10–11, original destroyed;
11 April 1839 Order of Commitment, Honey Creek Township, Daviess Co., MO
11 Apr. 1839; Historical Department, Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, CHL; handwriting of Robert Wilson; certification in handwriting of William Morgan; docket and notation in handwriting of Robert Wilson.
30 May 1839 Writ of Capias, Honey Creek Township, Daviess Co., MO
30 May 1839. Not extant.
See Docket Entry, Nolle Prosequi, 10 Dec. 1839 [State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson]; and Writ of Capias, 30 May 1839 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot].
15 Apr. 1840; Daviess County Circuit Court Record, vol. A, 1837–1843, p. 211, Daviess County Courthouse, Gallatin, MO; handwriting of Robert Wilson.
17 December 1840 Docket Entry, Costs, Honey Creek Township, Daviess Co., MO
17 Dec. 1840; Daviess County Circuit Court Record, vol. A, 1837–1843, p. 250, Daviess County Courthouse, Gallatin, MO; handwriting of Robert Wilson.
State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson, Boone Co., Missouri, Circuit Court
Ca. 10 April 1839 Indictment, Copy, Honey Creek Township, Daviess Co., MO
20 Apr. 1839; original destroyed;
This represents the certified copy of the Daviess County Circuit Court indictment that was filed with the Boone County Circuit Court.
11 April 1839 Docket Entry, Indictment, Copy, Honey Creek Township, Daviess Co., MO
26 June 1839; in “Copy of Record,” 2, 11, original destroyed;
This represents the certified copy of the Daviess County Circuit Court docket entry that was filed with the Boone County Circuit Court.
11 April 1839 Docket Entry, Removal Orders, Copy, Honey Creek Township, Daviess Co., MO
26 June 1839; in “Copy of Record,” 10–11, original destroyed;
17 Aug. 1839; Boone County Circuit Court Record, vol. C, p. 261, Boone County Courthouse, Columbia, MO; photocopy at BYU; handwriting of Roger N. Todd.
4 November 1839 Docket Entry, Continuance, Columbia, Boone Co., MO
4 Nov. 1839; Boone County Circuit Court Record, vol. C, p. 280, Boone County Courthouse, Columbia, MO; photocopy at BYU; handwriting of Roger N. Todd.
5 August 1840 Docket Entry, Nolle Prosequi, Columbia, Boone Co., MO
5 Aug. 1840; Boone County Circuit Court Record, vol. C, p. 316, Boone County Courthouse, Columbia, MO; photocopy at BYU; handwriting of Roger N. Todd.
Documents Related to State of Missouri v. Baldwin et al. for Arson
12–29 November 1838 Minutes and Testimonies, Richmond, Ray Co., MO
12–29 Nov. 1838; Eugene Morrow Violette Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia; unidentified handwriting.
Copies were made ca. late 1838–ca. early 1839 for the Missouri state legislature. (Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 November 1838, Copy and Letter [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason]; and Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 November 1838, Copy [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason].)