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Timestamp: 2016-06-27 02:51:28
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Patent US6190675 - Mild, rinse-off antimicrobial liquid cleansing compositions which provide ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention relates to a rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition comprising from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active, from about 1% to about 80% of an anionic surfactant, from about 0.1% to about 12% of a proton donating agent; and from about 3% to about 98.899% of water,...http://www.google.com/patents/US6190675?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6190675 - Mild, rinse-off antimicrobial liquid cleansing compositions which provide improved residual benefit versus gram positive bacteriaAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6190675 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/969,049Publication dateFeb 20, 2001Filing dateNov 12, 1997Priority dateJun 4, 1997Fee statusLapsedPublication number08969049, 969049, US 6190675 B1, US 6190675B1, US-B1-6190675, US6190675 B1, US6190675B1InventorsPeter William Beerse, Jeffrey Michael Morgan, Kathleen Grieshop Baier, Wei Cen, Theresa Anne Bakken, Mannie Lee Clapp, Raphael WarrenOriginal AssigneeProcter & Gamble CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (91), Non-Patent Citations (61), Referenced by (69), Classifications (40), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMild, rinse-off antimicrobial liquid cleansing compositions which provide improved residual benefit versus gram positive bacteria
US 6190675 B1Abstract
The present invention relates to a rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition comprising from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active, from about 1% to about 80% of an anionic surfactant, from about 0.1% to about 12% of a proton donating agent; and from about 3% to about 98.899% of water, wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0, wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.8, and wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3. The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing skin and providing residual effectiveness versus Gram positive bacteria using these products.
What is claimed is: 1. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition comprising the following individual components:
a. from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active; b. from about 1% to about 80% of an anionic surfactant; c. from about 0. 1% to about 12% of a proton donating agent; and d. from about 3% to about 98.899% of water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.8; and wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3. 2. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition according to claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial active is selected from the group consisting of triclosan, triclocarban, piroctone clamis, PCMX, ZPT, natural essential oils and their key chemical components, and mixtures thereof.
10. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition according to claim 2 wherein the ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant is less than 1:1.
12. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition comprising the following individual components:
a. from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active; b. from about 1% to about 80% of an anionic surfactant; c. from about 0.1% to about 12% of a proton donating agent; d. from about 1% to about 30% of a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent; and e. from about 3% to about 97.5% of water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 2.0; and wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Mildness Response Index of greater than 0.4. 13. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition according to claim 12 comprising from about 5% to about 25% of the anionic surfactant.
20. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition according to claim 1 further comprising from about 0.1% to about 35% of a deposition aid.
21. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition according to claim 20 wherein the deposition aid is a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent.
22. A method for providing residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria comprising the use of a safe and effective amount of the composition of claim 1 on human skin.
23. A method for providing residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria which comprises the use of a safe and effective amount of the composition of claim 12 on human skin.
24. A method for treating acne comprising the use of a safe and effective amount of the composition of claim 1 on human skin.
25. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition according to claim 17 wherein the proton donating agent is selected from the group consisting of straight-chain poly(acrylic) acids and copolymers thereof, cross-linked poly(acrylic) acids having a molecular weight of less than about 250,000, poly (x-hydroxy) acids and copolymers thereof, poly(methacrylic) acid and copolymers thereof, carageenic acid, carboxy methyl cellulose, and alginic acid.
26. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 5% to about 25% of the anionic surfactant.
27. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition according to claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant is less than about 1:2.
28. A rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition according to claim 12 wherein the weight ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant is less than about 1:2.
The present invention relates to mild, rinse-off, personal cleansing compositions which provide enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness. Specifically, the personal cleansing compositions of the invention provide enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness compared to prior art compositions. Specifically, the rinse-off cleansing compositions of the invention provide previously unseen levels of residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria. These rinse-off cleansing compositions are also mild to the skin.
Antimicrobial cleansing products have been marketed in a variety of forms for some time. Forms include deodorant soaps, hard surface cleaners, and surgical disinfectants. These traditional rinse-off antimicrobial products have been formulated to provide bacteria removal during washing. The antimicrobial soaps have also been shown to provide a residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria. By residual effectiveness it is meant that bacteria growth on a surface is controlled for some period of time following the washing/rinsing process. For example, antibacterial soap, when used regularly in hand washing, has been found to provide a 1.0 log to 1.5 log reduction (i.e 90 to 97% reduction) residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria after two to five hours. That is skin washed with antibacterial soap, was tested two to five hours later, to be contaminated with only from 3 to 10% of the number of Gram positive bacteria compared to skin washed with a placebo soap, depending on the test protocol and bacteria tested. Antimicrobial liquid cleansers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,072, Bissett et al., issued Jul. 11, 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,939,284, Degenhardt, issued Jul. 3, 1990 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,820,698, Degenhardt, issued Apr. 11, 1989, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Previously marketed formulations of Head & Shoulders� Dandruff Shampoo, marketed until 1994, comprised anionic surfactants, an antibacterial active, and citric acid as a pH adjuster. Head & Shoulders� controlled Pityrosorum ovale fungus, which causes dandruff. PCT application WO 92/18100, Keegan et al., published Oct. 29, 1992 (“Keegan”) and PCT application WO 95/32705, Fujiwara et al., published Dec. 7, 1995 (“Fujiwara”) teach liquid skin cleansers comprising mild surfactants, antibacterial agents and acidic compounds to buffer the pH, which provide improved germ hostility. However, the use of the acid compounds for only pH adjustment therein, result in compositions which do not deliver the undissociated acid required to provide improved levels of residual effectiveness versus Gram positive bacteria. This situation is compounded in Keegan and Fujiwara by the preference of mild surfactants, including nonionic surfactants.
Some of these antimicrobial products, especially the hard surface cleaners and surgical disinfectants, utilize high levels of alcohol and/or harsh surfactants which have been shown to dry out and irritate skin tissues. Ideal personal cleansers should gently cleanse the skin, cause little or no irritation, and not leave the skin overly dry after frequent use and preferably should provide a moisturizing benefit to the skin.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,141,821, issued to Compeau Jul. 21, 1964 and Irgasan DP 300 (Triclosan�) technical literature from Ciba-Giegy, Inc., “Basic Formulation for Hand Disinfection 89/42/01” set forth antibacterial skin cleansers compositions which could provide improved residual effectiveness versus Gram positive bacteria using certain anionic surfactants, antimicrobial actives and acids. However, the selection, therein, of highly active surfactants results in personal cleansing compositions which are drying and harsh to the skin.
Given the health impacts of bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium botulinum, it would be highly desirable to formulate antimicrobial cleansing compositions which provide improved residual effectiveness versus these Gram positive bacteria and which are mild to the skin. Existing consumer products have been unable to achieve both of these benefits.
Applicants have found that rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions which provide such mildness and such improved residual effectiveness versus Gram positive bacteria can be formulated by using known antimicrobial actives in combination with specific organic and/or inorganic acids as proton donating agents, and specific anionic surfactants, all of which are deposited on the skin. The deposited proton donating agent and anionic surfactant enhance the selected active, to provide a new level of hostility to bacteria contacting the skin.
The present invention relates to a rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition comprising from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active; from about 1% to about 80% of an anionic surfactant; from about 0.1% to about 12% of a proton donating agent; and from about 3% to about 98.899% of water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.8;
and wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3.
The present invention also relates to methods for cleansing and for decreasing the spread of transient Gram positive bacteria using the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions described herein.
The rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention are highly efficacious for cleansing surfaces, especially the skin, provide a residual antimicrobial effectiveness versus transient Gram positive bacteria and are mild to the skin.
The term “antimicrobial cleansing composition” as used herein means a composition suitable for application to a surface for the purpose of removing dirt, oil and the like which additionally controls the growth and viability of transient Gram positive bacteria. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are cleansing compositions suitable for use on the human skin.
“Signs of skin aging” include, but are not limited to, all outward visibly and tactilely perceptible manifestations as well as any other macro or micro effects due to skin aging. Such signs may be induced or caused by intrinsic factors or extrinsic factors, e.g., chronological aging and/or environmental damage. These signs may result from processes which include, but are not limited to, the development of textural discontinuities such as wrinkles, including both fine superficial wrinkles and coarse deep wrinkles, skin lines, crevices, bumps, large pores (e.g., associated with adnexal structures such as sweat gland ducts, sebaceous glands, or hair follicles), scaliness, flakiness and/or other forms of skin unevenness or roughness, loss of skin elasticity (loss and/or inactivation of functional skin elastin), sagging (including puffiness in the eye area and jowls), loss of skin firmness, loss of skin tightness, loss of skin recoil from deformation, discoloration (including undereye circles), blotching, sallowness, hyperpigmented skin regions such as age spots and freckles, keratoses, abnormal differentiation, hyperkeratinization, elastosis, collagen breakdown, and other histological changes in the stratum comeum, dermis, epidermis, the skin vascular system (e.g., telangiectasia or spider vessels), and underlying tissues, especially those proximate to the skin.
The rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition of the present invention comprises from about 0.001% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 2%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1.5% and more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.0%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an antimicrobial active. The exact amount of antibacterial active to be used in the compositions will depend on the particular active utilized since actives vary in potency. Non-cationic actives are required in order to avoid interaction with the anionic surfactants of the invention.
3,4,4′-Trichlorocarbanilides (Triclocarbanoor TCC)
Another class of antibacterial agents, which are useful in the present invention, are the so-called “natural” antibacterial actives, referred to as natural essential oils. These actives derive their names from their natural occurrence in plants. Typical natural essential oil antibacterial actives include oils of anise, lemon, orange, rosemary, wintergreen, thyme, lavender, cloves, hops, tea tree, citronella, wheat, barley, lemongrass, cedar leaf, cedarwood, cinnamon, fleagrass, geranium, sandalwood, violet, cranberry, eucalyptus, vervain, peppermint, gum benzoin, basil, fennel, fir, balsam, menthol, ocmea origanum, Hydastis carradensis, Berberidaceae daceae, Ratanhiae and Curcuma longa. Also included in this class of natural essential oils are the key chemical components of the plant oils which have been found to provide the antimicrobial benefit. These chemicals include, but are not limited to anethol, catechole, camphene, thymol, eugenol, eucalyptol, ferulic acid, famesol, hinokitiol, tropolone, limonene, menthol, methyl salicylate, carvacol, terpineol, verbenone, berberine, ratanhiae extract, caryophellene oxide, citronellic acid, curcumin, nerolidol and geraniol.
Liquid embodiments of the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention comprise from about 1% to about 80%, preferably from about 3% to about 50%, and more preferably from about 5% to about 25%, based on the weight of the personal cleansing composition, of an anionic surfactant. Solid bar embodiments of the present invention preferably comprise from about 10% to about 70%, and more preferably from about 20% to about 60% of the anionic surfactant. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the anionic surfactant disrupts the lipid in the cell membrane of the bacteria. The particular acid used herein reduces the negative charges on the cell wall of the bacteria, crosses through the cell membrane, weakened by the surfactant, and acidifies the cytoplasm * 2! of the bacteria. The antimicrobial active can then pass more easily through the weakened cell wall, and more efficiently poison the bacteria.
Paraffin sulfonate, a commercial grade surfactant sold under the name Hastapur SAS � from Hoechst Celanese, with a small head group and average chain length of 15.5 (K=0.1) is a relatively active surfactant and provides very high deposition of the active. Compositions comprising lower levels of active and acid can be used with higher levels of paraffin sulfonate, where the surfactant provides a larger component of residual effectiveness. Alternately, compositions comprising lower levels of paraffin sulfonate can be combined with higher levels of active to achieve a mild and effective composition. Moderate levels of active can be used with paraffin sulfonate, since its solubility index indicates that such compositions will have very high deposition of the active.
Non-anionic surfactants of the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof, have been found to actually reduce residual effectiveness benefits when used with anionic surfactants at high levels. This is most evident in the case of cationic and amphoteric surfactants where it is believed that these surfactants interfere (charge-charge interaction) with the anionic surfactant's ability to disrupt of the lipid in the cell membrane. The ratio of the amount of these other surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant should be less than about 1:1, preferably less than about 1:2, and more preferably less than about 1:4.
Z=1+0.25pKa 1+0.42 log P. The biological activity index combines the dissociation characteristics and the hydrophobicity of the acid. It is critical that the undissociated proton donating agent of the composition be deposited on the skin to reduce the negative charge on the cell wall. The acid's dissociation constant, pKa1, is indicative of the chemical's proton donating capacity relative to the pH of the medium in which it is incorporated. Since more undissociated acid is preferable in the composition, acids with higher pKa's are generally more preferred for a given product pH. The octanol-water partition coefficient, P, represents the tendency of materials in solution to prefer either oils or water. It essentially is a measure of hydrophobic nature of a material in solution: the higher the partition coefficient, the more oil soluble, and less water soluble, the material. Since it is desired that the dissolved acids in the compositions come out of the aqueous cleanser upon application, deposit on the oil-based skin and remain during rinsing, organic acids with higher octanol-water partition coefficients are more preferred.
Polymeric acids are especially preferred acids for use herein from the standpoint that they cause less stinging to the skin than other acids, they can have less of a negative impact on lather than other acids and they can contribute to a draggy rinse feel which is preferred by some consumers. As used herein, the term “polymeric acid” refers to an acid with repeating units of carboxylic acid groups joined together into one chain. Suitable polymeric acids can include homopolymers, copolymers and terpolymers, but must contain at least 30 mole% carboxylic acid groups. Specific examples of suitable polymeric acids useful herein include straight-chain poly(acrylic) acid and its copolymers, both ionic and nonionic, (e.g., maleic-acrylic, sulfonic-acrylic, and styrene-acrylic copolymers), those cross-linked polyacrylic acids having a molecular weight of less than about 250,000, preferably less than about 100,000 poly ((x-hydroxy) acids, poly (methacrylic) acid, and naturally occurring polymeric acids such as carageenic acid, carboxy methyl cellulose, and alginic acid. Straight-chain poly(acrylic) acids are especially preferred for use herein.
Liquid rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention, preferably have an apparent or neat viscosity of from about 500 cps to about 60,000 cps at 26.7� C., preferably 5,000 to 30,000 cps. The term “viscosity” as used herein means the viscosity as measured by a Brookfield RVTDCP with a spindle CP-41 at 1 RPM for 3 minutes, unless otherwise specified. The “neat” viscosity is the viscosity of the undiluted liquid cleanser.
In order to achieve the mildness required of the present invention, optional ingredients to enhance the mildness to the skin can be added. These ingredients include cationic and nonionic polymers, co-surfactants, moisturizers and mixtures thereof. Polymers useful herein include polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, hydrolyzed silk proteins, hydrolyzed milk proteins, hydrolyzed keratin proteins, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, polyquats, silicone polymers and mixtures thereof. When used, the mildness enhancing polymers comprise from about 0.1% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 1.0%, and more preferably from about 0.2% to about 0.6%, by weight of the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition, of the composition. Co-surfactants useful herein include nonionic surfactants such as the Genapol� 24 series of ethoxylated alcohols, POE(20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween� 80), polyethylene glycol cocoate and Pluronic� propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block polymers, and amphoteric surfactants such as alkyl betaines, alkyl sultaines, alkyl amphoacetates, alkyl amphodiacetates, alkyl amphopropionates, and alkyl amphodipropionates. When used, the mildness enhancing cosurfactants comprise from about 20% to about 70%, preferably from about 20% to about 50%, by weight of the anionic surfactant, of the cleansing composition.
A deposition aid is also preferably employed in the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions herein. It has been found that compositions which contain a deposition aid of the type hereinafter described have improved antibacterial efficacy compared to compositions which do not contain one. Additionally, the especially preferred lipid skin moisturizing agent provides a moisturizing benefit to the user of the personal cleansing product when the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent is deposited to the user's skin.
When used in the liquid, rinse-off antimicrobial personal cleansing compositions herein, the deposition aid comprises from about 0.1% to about 30%, preferably from about 1% to about 30% more preferably from about 3% to about 25%, most preferably from about 5% to about 25% of the cleansing composition. The deposition aid employed herein is one that increases the deposition of the antimicrobial active or the proton donating agent on the skin by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, more preferably at least about 50%.
Suitable cationic and nonionic polymers for use as a deposition aid herein include polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, hydrolyzed silk proteins, hydrolyzed milk proteins, hydrolized keratin proteins, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, polyquats, silicone polymers and mixtures thereof. When cationic or nonionic polymers are employed as the deposition aid, they are utilized at levels ranging from about 0.1% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.15% to about 0.8%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 0.6% by weight of the composition.
Lipophilic skin moisturizing agents are especially preferred as a deposition aid in the present invention. In addition to providing improved antibacterial efficacy compared to compositions which do not contain a lipid deposition agent, the lipid skin moisturizing agent provides a moisturizing benefit to the user of the personal cleansing product when the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent is deposited to the user's skin. When lipophilic skin moisturizing agents are used as the deposition aid herein, they are employed at a level of about 1% to about 30%, preferably from about 3% to about 25%, most preferably from about 5% to about 25% by weight of the composition.
Two types of theological parameters are used to define the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent used herein. The viscosity of the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent is represented by consistency (k) and shear index (n). The lipophilic skin moisturizing agents for use herein typically have a consistency (k) ranging from about 5 to about 5,000 poise, preferably from about 10 to about 3,000 poise, more preferably from about 50 to about 2,000 poise, as measured by the Consistency (k) Method hereinafter set forth in the Analytical Methods section. Suitable lipophilic skin moisturizing agents for use herein further have a shear index (n) ranging from about 0.01 to about 0.9, preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.5, more preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.5, as measured by the Shear Index Method hereinafter set forth in the Analytical methods section.
Hydrocarbon oils and waxes:
Some examples are petrolatum, mineral oil microcrystalline waxes, polyalkenes (e.g. hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated polybutene and polydecene), paraffins, cerasin, ozokerite, polyethylene and perhydrosqualene. Blends of petrolatum and hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated high molecular weight polybutenes wherein the ratio of petrolatum to polybutene ranges from about 90:10 to about 40:60 are also suitable for use as the lipid skin moisturizing agent in the compositions herein.
Di- and tri-glycerides:
Some examples are castor oil, soy bean oil, derivatized soybean oils such as maleated soy bean oil, safflower oil, cotton seed oil, corn oil, walnut oil, peanut oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil and sesame oil, vegetable oils and vegetable oil derivatives; coconut oil and derivatized coconut oil, cottonseed oil and derivatized cottonseed oil, jojoba oil, cocoa butter, and the like.
Acetoilvceride esters are used and an example is acetylated monoglycerides.
The crystalline, hydroxy-containing stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of: Some preferred hydroxyl-containing stabilizers include 12-hydroxystearic acid, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, tri-9,10-dihydroxystearin and tri-12-hydroxystearin (hydrogenated castor oil is mostly tri-12-hydroxystearin). Tri-12-hydroxystearin is most preferred for use in the emulsion compositions herein.
Alternatively, the stabilizer employed in the personal cleansing compositions herein can comprise a polymeric thickener. When polymeric thickeners as the stabilizer in the personal cleansing compositions herein, they are typically included in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 3%, by weight of the composition. The polymeric thickener is preferably an anionic, nonionic, cationic or hydrophobically modifier polymer selected from the group consisting of cationic polysaccharides of the cationic guar gum class with molecular weights of 1,000 to 3,000,000, anionic, cationic, and nonionic homopolymers derived from acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, anionic, cationic, and nonionic cellulose resins, cationic copolymers of dimethyldialkylammonium chloride, and acrylic acid, cationic homopolymers of dimethylalkylammonium chloride, cationic polyalkiene, and ethoxypolyalkylene imines, polyethylene glycol of molecular weight from 100,000 to 4,000,000, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of sodium polyacrylate, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, cetyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose, and polyquaternium 10.
A. Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index
The rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention comprise a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.8 (98.5% reduction), preferably greater than about 2.0 (99% reduction), and more preferably greater than about 2.3 (99.5% reduction). The Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index is measured by the In-Vivo Residual Effectiveness on Staphylococcus aureus Test described herein. The index represents a difference in base ten logarithm values of bacterial concentrations between a test sample and a control. For example, an index of 1.8 represents a reduction in log values of 1.8 (Δlog=1.8) which in turn represents a 98.5% reduction of bacteria counts.
The rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention comprise a Mildness Index of greater than about 0.3, preferably greater than about 0.4, and more preferably greater than about 0.6. The Mildness Index is measured by the Forearm Controlled Application Test (FCAT) described herein.
Reference: Microtox Manual: A Toxicity Testing Handbook, 1992
Volume I-IV; Microbics Corporation.
Equipment: Microtox M500 Toxicity Testing Unit; Microbics Corporation
Connected to computer for data acquisition and analysis according to above reference.
The concentration of test substance, in ppm, that decreases the bioluminescence of the Microtox Acute Toxicity Reagent by 50% from the starting value (EC50 Value) can be calculated using the Run Statistics on Data File option of the Microtox Software (recommended) or by conducting a linear regression of the data (% reduction vs. log of concentration). % Reductions are calculated using the following formulas: Final   Reading   of   Reagent   Blank Initial   Reading   of   Reagent   Blank = Correction   Factor Final   Reading   of   Reagent   with   Diluted   Test   Substance Initial   Reading   of   Reagent   with   Diluted   Test   Substance = Reduction   Factor x where x means at a corresponding concentration %   Reduction = Correction   Factor x - Reduction   Factor Correction   Factor The Microtox Index is the EC50 value in ppm.
l) Repeat g through l for each serial dilution of anionic surfactant.
a) Wash both forearms with placebo soap one time to remove any contaminants or transient bacteria. Rinse and dry forearms
a) S. aureus inoculum (ATCC 27217, grown from lyophilized stock in Soybean-casein broth at 37 C for 18-24 hrs) is adjusted to approximately 108 organisms/ml (0.45 transmittance vs. TSB blank on specrophotometer).
Gram Positive Residual Efficacy Index=log10(CFU's/ml of placebo site)−log10(CFU's/ml of test product site) Forearm Controlled Application Test (FCAT)
0 No dryness
Patches of slight powderiness and occasional patches of small
Mildness Index=(Rc f −Rc o) (Rt f −Rt o) Consistency (K) and Shear Index (N) of the Lipophilic Skin Moisturizing Agent
The Carrimed CSL 100 Controlled Stress Rheometer is used to determine Shear Index, n, and Consistency, k, of the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent used herein. The determination is performed at 35� C. with the 4 cm 2� cone measuring system typically set with a 51 micron gap and is performed via the programmed application of a shear stress (typically from about 0.06 dynes/sq. cm to about 5,000 dynes/sq. cm) over time. If this stress results in a deformation of the sample, i.e. strain of the measuring geometry of at least 10-4 rad/sec, then this rate of strain is reported as a shear rate. These data are used to create a viscosity μVs. shear rate γ′ flow curve for the material. This flow curve can then be modeled in order to provide a mathematical expression that describes the material's behavior within specific limits of shear stress and shear rate. These results were fitted with the following well accepted power law model (see for instance: Chemical Engineering, by Coulson and Richardson, Pergamon, 1982 or Transport Phenomena by Bird, Stewart and Lightfoot, Wiley, 1960):
Viscosity, μ=k(γ′)n−1 Viscosity of the Rinse-Off Antimicrobial Cleansing Composition
The Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Model DV-II+ Viscometer is used to determine the viscosity of the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions herein. The determination is performed at 25� C. with the 2.4 cm� cone (Spindle CP-41) measuring system with a gap of 0.013 mm between the two small pins on the respective cone and plate. The measurement is performed by injecting 0.5 ml of the sample to be analyzed between the cone and plate and rotating the cone at a set speed of 1 rpm. The resistance to the rotation of the cone produces a torque that is proportional to the shear stress of the liquid sample. The amount of torque is read and computed by the viscometer into absolute centipoise units (mPa's) based on geometric constants of the cone, the rate of rotation, and the stress related torque.
Sodium Laureth-3
C14-C16 Sodium Alpha
Head Group Size of
Primary Chain Length of
Biological Activity (Z) of
*The polyacrylate is K7058 sold by B. F. Goodrich The liquid handsoaps shown all have a Gram Positve Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.8; and a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3.
1) Examples 1-5 & 8 Add all but 5 weight percent water to mix tank. Add surfactants to mix tank. Heat materials to 155� F.�10� F. and mix until dissolved. Cool to less than 100� F., add acid and antibacterial active and perfumes. Mix until materials are dissolved. Adjust pH to target with required buffer (NaOH or sodium salt of acid). Add remaining water to complete product.
2. Examples 6, 7 & 9 Add all ingredients except petrolatum, active and perfume together and heat to the point necessary to melt the stabilizer (approximately 190� F. for trihydroxystearin). Cool to below 115� F. and add active, petrolatum and perfume. Adjust final pH using NaOH or buffer salt. Add remaining water to complete product.
to pH 5
to pH 3.7
Tri-bydroxystearin
The shower gels shown all have a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.8; and a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3.
1) Examples 1-4
2) Examples 5 and 6
58.5 Ammonium Laureth-3 Sulfate
<0.40 Microtox of Anionic Surfactant
The bar shown has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.8; and a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3.
to pH 5.0
Primary Chain Length of Anionic Surfactant
The dandruff shampoo shown has a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.8; and a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3.
C13-C17 Sodium Paraffin
10.00 Sulfonate
1.3 Liquid Dish Detergent
Cocoamidopropylhydroysultaine
<0.15 Microtox of Anionic Surfactant
n/a/150
13-17/12
C14/C16 Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate
to pH 3.0
1.2 The cleansing compositions shown all have a Gram Positive Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 1.8; and a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3.
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KgSurfactant preparations comprising alpha-hydroxy acidsWO2009090178A1 *Jan 14, 2009Jul 23, 2009Glaxo Group LimitedNovel formulation* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification424/401, 424/404, 510/131, 510/138, 514/975, 510/130International ClassificationA61K, C11D, A61K8/365, A61K8/49, A61K6/00, A61K8/362, A61K8/36, A61Q5/02, A61K8/42, A61K8/34, A61K8/368, A61Q19/10, A61Q17/00Cooperative ClassificationY10S514/975, A61K8/362, A61Q5/02, A61K8/368, A61K8/36, A61K8/347, A61Q19/10, A61Q17/005, A61K8/42, A61K8/4933, A61K8/365European ClassificationA61K8/34F, A61K8/365, A61Q19/10, A61K8/368, A61K8/36, A61K8/49C6, A61K8/42, A61K8/362, A61Q5/02, A61Q17/00FLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 9, 2002CCCertificate of correctionSep 8, 2004REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedFeb 22, 2005LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesApr 12, 2005FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20050220RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services