Source: https://meagenda.wordpress.com/2008/06/18/judicial-review-judgement-guidance/
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Judicial Review: Judgement Guidance | ME agenda
HomeJudicial Review: Judgement Guidance
June 18, 2008 June 20, 2008 meagenda Judicial Review, NICE, NICE CFS/ME guideline
a Decisions of local authorities in the exercise of their duties to provide various welfare benefits and special education for children in need of such education;
b Certain decisions of the immigration authorities and Immigration Appellate Authority;
c Decisions of regulatory bodies;
d Decisions relating to prisoner’s rights.
Her Majesty’s Court Service: Guidance notes on applying for judicial review
5 When should I lodge my application?
9 Acknowledgements of Service
10 What happens if my application for permission is refused?
11 What happens if my application for permission is granted?
12 What happens when my case is ready for hearing?
13 What if I need to make an application for further orders after the grant of permission?
14 Can my application be determined without the need for a hearing?
15 What if the proceedings settle by consent prior to the hearing of my application?
16 What if I want to discontinue the proceedings at any stage?
17 Will I be responsible for costs?
18 What can I do if I am unhappy with the Judge’s decision?
19 Where can I get advice about procedural matters?
1. These notes are not intended to be exhaustive but are designed to offer an outline of the procedure to be followed when seeking to make an application for judicial review in the Administrative Court. For further details of the procedure to be followed you and your representatives/legal advisers should consult Part 54 of the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) and the appropriate Practice Direction 54.
a a mandatory order (i.e. an order requiring the public body to do something and formerly known as an order of mandamus);
b a prohibiting order (i.e. an order preventing the public body from doing something and formerly known as an order of prohibition); or
c a quashing order (i.e. an order quashing the public body’s decision and formerly known as an order of certiorari)
e HRA Damages
2.2 Claims will generally be heard by a single Judge sitting in open Court at the Royal Courts of Justice in London. They may be heard by a Divisional Court (a court of two judges) where the Court so directs.
3.1 Any claim for judicial review must indicate whether or not the protocol has been complied with. If the protocol has not been complied with, the reasons for failing to do so should be set out in the claim form.
3.2 The protocol sets out a code of good practice and contains the steps which parties should generally follow before making a claim for judicial review. The objective of the pre-action protocol is to avoid unnecessary litigation.
NB – The protocol does not affect the time limit specified by CPR Part 54.5(1) namely that an application for permission to apply for judicial review must be made promptly and in any event not later than 3 months after the grounds upon which the claim is based first arose.
NB – You should seek advice as to whether the protocol is appropriate in the circumstances of your case. Use of the protocol will not be appropriate where the defendant does not have the legal power to change the decision being challenged. It also may not be appropriate in circumstances where the application is urgent.
NB – A letter before claim will not automatically stop the implementation of a disputed decision.
NB – Even in emergency cases, it is good practice to fax the draft claim form that you are intending to issue to the defendant. You will also normally be required to notify a defendant when you are seeking an interim order; i.e. an order giving some form of relief pending the final determination of the claim.
4.1 Claims for judicial review under CPR Part 54 are dealt with in the Administrative Court. Where the claim is proceeding in the Administrative Court in London, documents must be filed at the Administrative Court Office, the Royal Courts of Justice, Strand, London, WC2A 2LL. Where the claim is proceeding in the Administrative Court in Wales (because it concerns (a) a devolution issue arising out of the Government of Wales Act 1998; or (b) an issue concerning the National Assembly for Wales, the Welsh executive, or any Welsh public body (including a Welsh local authority)) the documents may be filed at the Cardiff Civil Justice Centre, 2 Park Street, Cardiff CF10 1ET or at the Administrative Court Office, the Royal Courts of Justice, Strand, London, WC2A 2LL.
4.2 Neither the Court nor the Administrative Court Office has power to grant funding (previously legal aid). The responsibility for the provision of public funding is held by the Legal Services Commission.
4.3 Further information on the type(s) of help available and the criteria for receiving that help may be found in the Legal Services Commission Manual Volume 3: The Funding Code. This may be found on the Legal Services Commission website at http://www.legalservices.gov.uk/ .
4.4 A list of contracted firms and Advice Agencies may be found on the Community Legal Services website at http://www.justask.org.uk/. The Legal Services Commission can also provide you with a list of solicitors in your area if you telephone them on 0845 608 1122.
5.2 The court has the power to extend the period for the lodging of an application for judicial review but will only do so where it is satisfied there are very good reasons for doing so.
6.1 A fee of £50.00 is payable when you lodge your application for permission to apply for Judicial Review. A further £180.00 is payable if you wish to pursue the claim after permission is granted (Civil Proceedings Fees Order 2004).
NB – If you are in receipt of certain types of benefits you may be entitled to exemption/remission of any fee due.
NB – Cheques should be made payable to HMCS. If you lodge your application at the court office in person, personal cheques must be supported by a cheque guarantee card presented at the time the application is lodged.
NB – An application for exemption/remission of fees must be made in writing to the Supreme Court Fees Office, Room E01, Royal Courts of Justice in advance of lodging the application for permission.
7.1 Applications for permission to apply for judicial review must be made by claim form (Form N461).
7.2 The claim form must include or be accompanied by –
a a detailed statement of the claimant’s grounds for bringing the claim for judicial review;
b a statement of the facts relied on;
c any application to extend the time limit for filing the claim form; and
d any application for directions.
7.4 Where you intend to raise a devolution issue, the claim form must specify that you (a) wish to raise a devolution issue (b) identify the relevant provisions of the Government of Wales Act 1998, and (c) contain a summary of the facts, circumstances and points of law on the basis of which it is alleged that a devolution issue arises.
a any written evidence in support of the claim or application to extend time;
b a copy of any order that you are seeking to have quashed;
c where the claim for judicial review relates to a decision of a court or tribunal, an approved copy of the reasons for reaching that decision;
d copies of any documents upon which you propose to rely;
e copies of any relevant statutory material;
f a list of essential documents for advance reading by the court (with page references to the passages relied upon). Where only part of a page needs to be read, that part should be indicated, by side-lining or in some other way, but not by highlighting.
7.6 You must file the original claim form, together with a copy for the court’s use, and a paginated and indexed bundle containing the documents referred to in paragraph 19 above (CPR Part 54.6 and the Practice Direction). Please ensure you paginate in consecutive page number order throughout your bundle. Also ensure that each page has a page number on it and provide an index, which lists the description of documents contained in your bundle together with their page reference numbers.
7.7 Please note that if your case is of a criminal nature then the Court will require you to lodge a further copy bundle.
NB – Applications that do not comply with the requirements of CPR Part 54 and the Practice Direction will not be accepted, save in exceptional circumstances. In this context a matter will be regarded as exceptional where a decision is sought from the Court within 14 days of the lodging of the application. In such circumstances an undertaking will be required to provide compliance with the requirements of the CPR within a specified period.
NB – If the only reason given in support of urgency is the imminent expiry of the three month time limit for lodging an application, the papers will nonetheless be returned for compliance with Part 54 and the Practice Direction. In those circumstances you must seek an extension of time and provide reasons for the delay in lodging the papers in proper form.
NB – Where the claim for judicial review relates to proceedings in a court or tribunal, any other parties to those proceedings must be named in the claim form as interested parties and served with the claim form (CPR 54 PD.5).. For example, in a claim by a defendant in a criminal case in the Magistrates’ or Crown Court for judicial review of a decision in that case, the prosecution must always be named as an interested party.
7.11 You must lodge a Certificate of Service in Form N215 in the Administrative Court Office within 7 days of serving the defendant and other interested parties.
7.12 Rules of Court set out the following timetable under which the Court will presume service to have taken place. (See CPR 6.7).
Method Deemed day of service
DX The second day after it was left at the DX exchange
First class post Delivering the document to or leaving it at a permitted address
First class post The day after it was delivered to or left at the permitted address
Fax (where service of fax is accepted by the recipient). If it is transmitted on a business day before 4p.m, on that day or otherwise on the business day after the day on which it was transmitted
NB – The time for the lodging of the defendant and any interested party’s acknowledgement of service commences from the date that the claim is deemed served upon them.
8.1 If you want to make an application for your application for permission to be heard/considered by a Judge as a matter of urgency and/or seek an interim injunction, you must complete a Request for Urgent Consideration, Form N463, which can be obtained from the Court Office. The form sets out the reasons for urgency and the timescale sought for the consideration of the permission application, e.g. within 72 hours or sooner if necessary, and the date by which the substantive hearing should take place.
8.3 A judge will consider the application within the time requested and may make such order as he considers appropriate.
NB – The judge may refuse your application for permission at this stage if he considers it appropriate, in the circumstances, to do so.
8.4 If the Judge directs that an oral hearing must take place within a specified time the Administrative Court will liaise with you and the representatives of the other parties to fix a permission hearing within the time period directed.
9.1 Any person who has been served with the claim form and who wishes to take part in the judicial review should file an acknowledgment of service (Form N462) in the Administrative Court Office, within 21 days of the proceedings being served upon him.
NB – Whilst there is no requirement upon you to serve the defendant and any interested party with a Form N462 for completion by them, it is good practice to do so.
What happens after the defendant and/or the interested party has lodged and acknowledgement of service?
9.4 Applications for permission to proceed with the claim for judicial review are considered by a single judge on the papers. The purpose of this procedure is to ensure that applications may be dealt with speedily and without unnecessary expense.
9.5 The papers will be forwarded to the judge by the Administrative Court Office upon receipt of the Acknowledgement of Service or at the expiry of the time limit for lodging such acknowledgement whichever is earlier.
9.6 The judge’s decision and the reasons for it (Form JRJ) will be served upon you, the defendant and any other person served with the claim form.
9.7 If the judge grants permission and you wish to pursue the claim, you must lodge a further fee of £180.00 (or a further certified fee remission/exemption form) with the Administrative Court Office within 7 days of service of the judge’s decision upon you.
What happens if my application for permission is refused or if permissin is granted subject to conditions or in part only?
10.1 If permission is refused, or is granted subject to conditions or on certain grounds only, you may request a reconsideration of that decision at an oral hearing.
10.2 Request for an oral hearing must be made on the Notice of Renewal, Form 86b, (a copy of which will be sent to you at the same time as the judge’s decision) and must be filed within 7 days after service of the notification of the judge’s decision upon you (CPR Part 54.11 & 54.12).
10.3 Where the judge directs an oral hearing or you renew your application after refusal following consideration on paper, you may appear in person or be represented by an advocate (if you are legally represented). If you are not legally represented you may seek the court’s permission to have someone speak on your behalf at the hearing.
10.4 Notice of the hearing is given to you, the defendant and any interested party by the Administrative Court List Office. An oral hearing is allocated a total of 30 minutes of court time. If it is considered that 30 minutes of court time is insufficient, you may provide a written estimate of the time required for the hearing and request a special fixture.
10.5 Neither the defendant nor any other interested party need attend a hearing on the question of permission unless the court directs otherwise.
11.1 On granting permission the court may make case management directions under CPR 54.10(1) for the progression of the case. Case management directions may include directions about serving the claim form and any evidence on other persons and directions as to expedition.
11.2 Where a claim is made under the Human Rights Act 1998, a direction may be made for the giving of notice to the Crown or joining the Crown as a party. In that regard you attention is drawn to the requirements of rule 19.4A and paragraph 6 of the Practice Direction supplementing Section I of Part 19.
11.3 A direction may be made for the hearing of the claim for judicial review to be held outside London or Cardiff.
11.4 A party upon whom a claim form has been served and who wishes to contest the claim (or support it on additional grounds) must, within 35 days of service of the order granting permission, file and serve on the Court and all of the other parties
a Detailed grounds for contesting the claim or supporting it on additional grounds and
b Any written evidence relied upon.
11.5 Any party who has done so may be represented at the hearing.
11.6 Where the party filing the detailed grounds intends to rely on documents not already filed, a paginated bundle of those documents must be filed at the Court when the detailed grounds are filed.
11.7 The Court has power to extend or abridge the time for lodging evidence.
12.1 When the time for lodging of evidence by the parties has expired, the case enters a warned list and all parties are informed of this by letter.
12.2 Where a direction has been given for expedition, the case will take priority over other cases waiting to be fixed and enters an expedited warned list.
12.3 Where advocate’s details have been placed on the court record, the parties will be contacted by the Administrative Court List Office in order to seek to agree a date for the hearing. You and advocate’s clerks will be offered a range of dates and will have 48 hours to take up one of the dates offered. If the parties fail to contact the List Office within 48 hours, the List Office will fix the hearing on one of the dates offered without further notice and the parties will be notified of that fixture by letter. Where a hearing is listed in this way the hearing will only be vacated by the Administrative Court Office if both parties consent and good reason is provided for the need to vacate the fixture. Failing that, a formal application for adjournment must be made (on notice to all parties) to the Court.
12.4 Whilst the Administrative Court usually gives fixed dates for hearings, there is also a need to short warn a number of cases to cover the large number of settlements that occur in the list. Parties in cases that are selected to be short warned will be notified that their case is likely to be listed from a specified date, and that they may be called into the list at less than a day’s notice from that date. Approximately 6 cases are short warned for any specified week. If the case does not get on during that period, a date as soon as possible after that period will be fixed in consultation with the parties.
12.5 There are occasions when circumstances, outside the control of the List Office, may necessitate them having to vacate a hearing at very short notice. Sometimes this can be as late as 4.30pm the day before the case is listed. This could be as a result of a case unexpectedly overrunning, a judge becoming unavailable, or other reasons. The List Office will endeavour to re-fix the case on the next available date convenient to the parties.
What if I cannot attend at court on the date of the hearing?
12.6 There may be circumstances where you are unable to attend at court on the date fixed to hear your application, i.e. as a result of illness or accident. If you are unlikely to be able to attend court on the hearing date you must notify the List Office immediately in writing to seek an adjournment of the hearing, setting out the reasons why you are unable to attend Court. If illness is the cause of your inability to attend, a medical certificate should be provided. Your application for an adjournment will be considered by the Head of the Administrative Court Office. The views of the other parties to the proceedings will be sought and it is good practice to notify the parties of your intention to seek an adjournment of the hearing and ask them to notify the court of their views.|
12.7 A skeleton argument is a document lodged with the court by a party prior to the substantive (or final) hearing of any application for judicial review.
12.8 Whilst there is no requirement for a litigant in person to lodge a skeleton argument there is nothing to prevent you from doing so if you wish and if you consider that it would assist the Court.
12.9 If you wish to lodge a skeleton argument you must file it with the Court and serve it on the other parties not less than 21 working days before the date of the hearing of the judicial review or the warned date, (i.e. where a case has been identified as likely to be listed the specified date is the warned date).
12.10 The defendant and any other party wishing to make representations at the hearing of the judicial review must file and serve a skeleton argument not less than 14 working days before the date of the hearing of the judicial review (or the warned date).
12.11 The skeleton argument must contain:
a A time estimate for the complete hearing, including delivery of judgment;
b A list of issues;
c A list of the legal points to be taken (together with any relevant authorities with page references to the passages relied on);
d A chronology of events (with page references to the bundle of documents);
e A list of essential documents for the advance reading of the court (with page references to the passages relied on) (if different from that filed with the claim form) and a time estimate for that reading; and
f A list of persons referred to.
12.12 You must file a paginated and indexed bundle of all relevant documents required for the hearing of the judicial review whether or not you file a skeleton argument. The bundle must be filed with the court and served on the other parties not less than 21 working days before the hearing.
NB – Two copies of the bundle are required by the Court when the application is to be heard by a Divisional Court
13.1 Where case management decisions or directions are sought after the consideration of the application to proceed, application should be made by way of an application under CPR Part 23.
Can my application be determined without the need for a hearing?
14.1 The court may decide a claim for judicial review without a hearing where all parties agree (CPR Part 54.18).
15.1 If you reach agreement with the other parties as to the terms of the final order to be made in your claim, you must file at the court a document (with 2 copies) signed by all the parties setting out the terms of the proposed agreed order.
NB – Where the draft order is lodged prior to the grant of permission it must be accompanied by the requisite fee (currently £50.00).
NB If you agree with the other parties that a mandatory order etc. is required, the draft order should be accompanied by a short statement of the matters relied on as justifying the proposed agreed order and copies of any authorities or statutory provisions relied on. If settlement is reached before permission is considered, the draft consent order must include provision for permission to be granted.
NB – Such a statement is not normally required where the agreement as to disposal (usually by way of withdrawal of the application) requires an order for costs or a detailed assessment of the Claimant’s Legal Services Commission costs – in those circumstances the parties should file a draft consent order setting out the terms of the proposed order signed by all the parties..
15.2 The court will consider the documents referred and will make the order if it is satisfied that the order should be made. If the court is not satisfied that the order should be made, the court will give directions and may direct that a hearing date be set for the matter to be considered further.
Before service of the claim form etc on the other parties
16.1 If you have not yet served any of the parties with the sealed claim form and accompanying documents you may discontinue the proceedings by notifying the Court in writing of your intention to do so. The Court will accept a letter of withdrawal provided that you confirm in writing that you have not effected service on the parties.
After service of the claim form etc on the other parties
16.2 Discontinuance of a claim is governed by CPR Part 38. Discontinuance renders you liable for the costs incurred until the date of discontinuance.
16.3 There is a right to discontinue a claim at any time, except where:
a An interim injunction has been granted or an undertaking has been given – in those circumstances the permission of the court is required to discontinue the proceedings (an example of this would be where bail had been granted pending determination of the application for judicial review)
b Interim payment has been made by defendant – in those circumstances the consent of the defendant or the permission of the court is required to discontinue the proceedings
c There is more than one claimant – in those circumstances the consent of every other claimant or the permission of the court is required to discontinue the proceedings.
16.4 If you wish to discontinue the proceedings at any stage after the service of those proceedings upon the other parties you must file a Notice of Discontinuance in the requisite form (N279) at the Administrative Court Office and serve a copy on every other party.
16.5 A defendant may apply to set the Notice of Discontinuance aside, within 28 days of being served with it (CPR Part 38.4).
NB – If the parties require any other order for costs, then an order of the court setting out the terms of the order sought is required. A Notice of Discontinuance would not be appropriate in those circumstances.
17.1 The general rule is that the party which loses a substantive claim for judicial review will be ordered to pay the costs. However the Judge considering the matter has discretion to deal with the issue of costs as he considers appropriate in all of the circumstances.
NB – Costs may be awarded in respect of an unsuccessful paper application and in respect of an unsuccessful renewed application (in court).
NB – Any application by the defendant for costs will normally be made in the Acknowledgment of Service.
18.1 If you are unhappy with the Court’s decision in a civil matter you can appeal to the Court of Appeal Civil Division with the permission of the Court of Appeal (CPR Part 52.15) within 7 days of the decision. Application to the Court of Appeal must be made within 7 days of refusal of permission by the Administrative Court.
18.2 In substantive applications, permission to appeal may be sought from the Administrative Court when it determines the claim for judicial review. If an application for permission to appeal is not made at the conclusion of the case, the application for permission to appeal must be made to the Court of Appeal Civil Division within 14 days (CPR Part 52.3 & 52.4).
18.3 Guidance as to procedure should be sought from the Civil Appeals Office, Royal Courts of Justice, Strand, London, WC2A 2LL.
18.4 There is no further remedy in the domestic courts after a refusal of permission by the Administrative Court.
18.5 The Administration of Justice Act 1960 provides:
s.1(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, an appeal shall lie to the House of Lords, at the instance of the defendant or the prosecutor from any decision of the High Court in a criminal cause or matter; or
(2) No appeal shall lie under this section except with the leave of the Court below or of the House of Lords; and such leave shall not be granted unless it is certified by the court below that a point of law of general public importance is involved in the decision and it appears to that court or to the House of Lords, as the case may be, that the point is one which ought to be considered by that House.”
18.6 If you are unhappy with the Court’s decision in a substantive claim for judicial review in a criminal matter, you can appeal to the House of Lords but only with the leave of the Administrative Court or the House of Lords and such leave may only be granted if:
(a) The Administrative Court certifies that a point of law of general public importance is involved in its decision; and
(b) It appears to the Administrative Court or the House of Lords that the point is one which ought to be considered by the House of Lords.
19.1 If in doubt about any procedural matter you can contact the Administrative Court Office, telephone number: 020 7947 6205. Court staff cannot give legal advice.
Head of the Administrative Court Office
The Administrative Court Office
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