Source: https://up.codes/viewer/new_york/ny_ecc_2010/chapter/5/commercial-energy-efficiency
Timestamp: 2017-11-18 08:33:29
Document Index: 284550172

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.\n5', 'art 431', 'art 430', 'art 430', 'art 430', 'art 430']

Chapter 5: Commercial Energy Efficiency, NY ECC | UpCodes
2010 Energy Conservation Code of NY
Chapter 3 Climate Zones‚ Design Conditions‚ Materials‚ Equipment and Systems
502.1 General (P
502.2 Specific Insulation Requireme
502.2.7 Opaque Door
502.2.8 Siding Attachment Over Foam Sheathing
502.2.8.1 Direct Siding Attachment
502.2.8.2 Offset Siding Attachment
502.3.2 Maximum
502.4.3 C
502.4.3.1 Compliance
502.4.4 Outdoor Air Intakes And
502.4.5 Loading Dock Weatherseals
502.4.6 Vestibules
502.4.7 Rec
502.5 Vapor Retarders (Mand
502.5.1 Class III Vapor Retarders
502.5.2 Material Vapor Retarder Class
502.5.3 Minimum Clear Air Spaces and Vented Openings for Vented Cladding
502.5.4 Other Buildings
503.2 Provisions Applicable to All Mechanical Systems (Mand
503.2.10.1 Allowable Fan Horsepower
503.4 Complex HVAC Systems and Equipment
503.4.3.3.1 Temperature Deadband
503.4.3.3.2.1 Climate Zone 4
503.4.3.3.2.2 Climate Zones 5 and 6
503.4.7 H
504.2 Service Water Heating Equipment Performance Efficiency
505 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems
505.5.3 Lighting Within Dwelling Units
505.6 Exterior Lighting (Mandatory)
505.7 Electrical Energy Consumption (Mandatory)
Exception: Buildings conforming to Section 506, provided Sections 502.4, 502.5, 503.2, 504, 505.2, 505.3, 505.4, 505.6 and 505.7 are each satisfied.
rescriptive).
The building thermal envelope shall meet the requirements of Tables 502.2(1) and 502.3 based on the climate zone specified in Chapter 3. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing Group R occupancies shall use the R -values from the "Group R" column of Table 502.2(1). Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing occupancies other than Group R shall use the R -values from the "All other" column of Table 502.2(1). Buildings with a vertical fenestration area or skylight area that exceeds that allowed in Table 502.3 shall comply with the building envelope provisions of ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1.
U - factor alternative. An assembly with a U -factor, C -factor, or F -factor equal to or less than that specified in Table 502.1.2 shall be permitted as an alternative to the R -value in Table 502.2(1). Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing Group R occupancies shall use the U -factor, C -factor, or F -factor from the "Group R" column of Table 502.1.2. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing occupancies other than Group R shall use the U -factor, C -factor or F -factor from the "All other" column of Table 502.1.2.
TABLE 502.1.2 BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS - OPAQUE ELEMENT, MAXIMUM U-FACTORS
CLIMATE ZONE 4 5 6
All other Group R All other Group R All other Group R
Insulation entirely above deck U-0.048 U-0.048 U-0.048 U-0.048 U-0.048 U-0.048
Metal buildings U-0.055 U-0.055 U-0.055 U-0.055 U-0.049 U-0.049
Attic and other U-0.027 U-0.027 U-0.027 U-0.027 U-0.027 U-0.027
Mass U-0.104 U-0.090 U-0.090 U-0.080 U-0.080 U-0.071
Metal building U-0.084 U-0.084 U-0.069 U-0.069 U-0.069 U-0.069
Metal framed U-0.064 U-0.064 U-0.064 U-0.064 U-0.064 U-0.064
Wood framed and other U-0.089 U-0.064 U-0.064 U-0.051 U-0.051 U-0.051
Below-Grade Wallsa
Below-grade wallsa C-1.140 C-0.119 C-0.119 C-0.119 C-0.119 C-0.119
Mass U-0.087 U-0.074 U-0.074 U-0.064 U-0.064 U-0.057
Joist/Framing U-0.033 U-0.033 U-0.033 U-0.033 U-0.033 U-0.033
Unheated slabs F-0.730 F-0.540 F-0.730 F-0.540 F-0.540 F-0.520
Heated slabs F-0.860 F-0.860 F-0.860 F-0.860 F-0.860 F-0.688
a. When heated slabs are placed below grade, below-grade walls must meet the F-factor requirements for perimeter insulation according to the heated slab-on-grade construction.
nts (Prescriptive). Opaque assemblies shall comply with Table 502.2(1).
TABLE 502.2(1) BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS - OPAQUE ASSEMBLIES
above deck R-20ci R-20ci R-20ci R-20ci R-20ci R-20ci
(with R-5
thermal blocksa,b) R-13+ R-13 R-19 R-13+ R-13 R-19 R-13+ R-19 R-19
Attic and other R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38
Mass R-9.5ci R-11.4ci R-11.4ci R-13.3 ci R-13.3ci R-15.2ci
Metal buildingb R-19 R-19 R-13 + R-5.6ci R-13 + R-5.6ci R-13 + R-5.6ci R-13 + R-5.6ci
Metal framed R-13 + R7.5 ci R-13 + R-7.5ci R-13 + R-7.5 ci R-13 + R-7.5ci R-13 + R-7.5ci R-13 + R-7.5ci
and other R-13 R-13+ R-3.8ci R-13 + R-3.8ci R-13 + R-7.5ci R-13 + R-7.5ci R-13 + R-7.5ci
Below-grade walld NR R-7.5ci R-7.5ci R-7.5ci R-7.5ci R-7.5ci
Mass R-10ci R-10.4ci R-10ci R-12.5ci R-12.5ci R-14.6ci
Steel/(wood) R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30e
Unheated slabs NR R-10 for 24 in.
below NR R-10 for 24 in.
below R-10 for 24 in.
below R-15 for 24 in.
Heated slabs R-15 for 24 in.
below R-20 for 48 in.
Swinging U – 0.70 U – 0.70 U – 0.70 U – 0.70 U – 0.70 U – 0.50
Roll-up or sliding U –0.50 U – 0.50 U –0.50 U – 0.50 U – 0.50 U – 0.50
c. R-5.7 ci is allowed to be substituted with concrete block walls complying with ASTM C 90, ungrouted or partially grouted at 32 inches or less on center vertically and 48 inches or less on center horizontally, with ungrouted cores filled with material having a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.44 Btu-in./h-ft2 • F°.
e. Steel floor joist systems shall be R-38.
TABLE 502.2(2) BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS–OPAQUE ASSEMBLIES
R-VALUE DESCRIPTION REFERENCE
R-19 Standing seam roof with single fiberglass insulation layer.
This construction is R-19 faced fiberglass insulation batts draped perpendicular over the purlins. A minimum R-3.5 thermal spacer block is placed above the purlin/batt, and the roof deck is secured to the purlins. ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1
Table A2.3 including Addendum "G"
R-13 + R-19 Standing seam roof with two fiberglass insulation layers.
The first R-value is for faced fiberglass insulation batts draped over purlins. The second R-value is for unfaced fiberglass insulation batts installed parallel to the purlins. A minimum R-3.5 thermal spacer block is placed above the purlin/batt, and the roof deck is secured to the purlins. ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1
R-11 + R-19 FC Filled cavity fiberglass insulation.
A continuous vapor barrier is installed below the purlins and uninterrupted by framing members. Both layers of uncompressed, unfaced fiberglass insulation rest on top of the vapor barrier and are installed parallel, between the purlins. A minimum R-3.5 thermal spacer block is placed above the purlin/batt, and the roof deck is secured to the purlins. ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1
R-16, R-19 Single fiberglass insulation layer.
The construction is faced fiberglass insulation batts installed vertically and compressed between the metal wall panels and the steel framing. ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1
Table A3.2 including Addendum "G"
R-19 + R-5.6 ci The first R-value is for faced fiberglass insulation batts installed perpendicular and compressed between the metal wall panels and the steel framing. The second rated R-value is for continuous rigid insulation installed between the metal wall panel and steel framing, or on the interior of the steel framing. ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1
The minimum thermal resistance ( R -value) of the insulating material installed either between the roof framing or continuously on the roof assembly shall be as specified in Table 502.2(1), based on construction materials used in the roof assembly.
Exception: Continuously insulated roof assemblies where the average area-weighted U -factor is equivalent to the same assembly with the R -value specified in Table 502.2(1).
The minimum thermal resistance ( R -value) of the insulating material(s) installed in the wall cavity between the framing members and continuously on the walls shall be as specified in Table 502.2(1), based on framing type and construction materials used in the wall assembly. The R -value of integral insulation installed in concrete masonry units (CMU) shall not be used in determining compliance with Table 502.2(1). "Mass walls" shall include walls weighing at least (1) 35 pounds per square foot (170 kg/m 2 ) of wall surface area or (2) 25 pounds per square foot (120 kg/m 2 ) of wall surface area if the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot (1900 kg/m 3 ).
The minimum thermal resistance ( R -value) of the insulating material installed in, or continuously on, the below-grade walls shall be as specified in Table 502.2(1), and shall extend to a depth of 10 feet (3048 mm) below the outside finish ground level, or to the level of the floor, whichever is less.
The minimum thermal resistance ( R -value) of the insulating material installed either between the floor framing or continuously on the floor assembly shall be as specified in Table 502.2(1), based on construction materials used in the floor assembly. "Mass floors" shall include floors weighing at least (1) 35 pounds per square foot (170 kg/m 2 ) of floor surface area or (2) 25 pounds per square foot (170 kg/m 2 ) of floor surface area if the material weight is not more than 12 pounds per cubic foot (1900 kg/m 3 ).
The minimum thermal resistance ( R -value) of the insulation around the perimeter of unheated or heated slab-on-grade floors shall be as specified in Table 502.2(1). The insulation shall be placed on the outside of the foundation or on the inside of a foundation wall. The insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a minimum distance as shown in the table or to the top of the footing, whichever is less, or downward to at least the bottom of the slab and then horizontally to the interior or exterior for the total distance shown in the table.
s. Opaque doors (doors having less than 50 percent glass area) shall meet the applicable requirements for doors as specified in Table 502.2(1) and be considered as part of the gross area of above-grade walls that are part of the building envelope.
In areas where the basic wind speed is less than 100 mph (45 m/s), siding shall be attached over foam sheathing in accordance with Section 502.2.8.1, Section 502.2.8.2, or an approved design. In all other areas, siding attachments shall be in accordance with an approved design. In no case shall the siding material be used in a manner that exceeds its application limits. When required by the basic wind speed and wind exposure applicability of the Building Code of New York State , Section 1706, wall cladding installation over foam sheathing shall be subject to special inspection in accordance with the Building Code of New York State , Section 1706.4.
Exception: Where the siding manufacturer has provided approved installation instructions for application over foam sheathing, those requirements shall apply.
Approved weather coverings installed directly over foam sheathing without separation by an air space shall comply with Table 502.2.8.1 in regard to minimum fastening requirements and maximum foam sheathing thickness limitations to support siding dead load. The siding fastener and siding installation shall otherwise comply with the Building Code of New York State , Chapter 14, shall be capable of resisting all other applicable design loads determined in accordance with the Building Code of New York State , Chapter 16, and in no case shall result in a less stringent fastening requirement than required by the Building Code of New York State , Chapter 14 or the manufacturer’s installation instructions for the specific siding material used.
Exception: For exterior insulation and finish systems, refer to the Building Code of New York State, Section 1408.
TABLE 502.2.8.1 SIDING MINIMUM FASTENING REQUIREMENTS FOR DIRECT SIDING ATTACHMENT OVER FOAM PLASTIC SHEATHING TO SUPPORT SIDING DEAD LOAD1
Type and Minimum Size2 Siding
(inches) Maximum Foam Sheathing Thickness
16"oc Fastener Horizontal Spacing 24"oc Fastener Horizontal Spacing
penetration) 0.113" diameter nail 6 4 3 1 4 2 0.75
0.120" diameter nail 6 4 3 1.5 4 2 0.75
0.131" diameter nail 6 4 4 1.5 4 3 1
+ 3 threads) #8 screw into 33 mil steel or thicker 6 3 3 1.5 3 2 DR
#10 screw into 33 mil steel 6 4 3 2 4 3 0.5
#10 screw into 43 mil steel or thicker 6 4 4 3 4 4 2
1. Tabulated requirements are based on wood framing of Spruce-Pine-Fir or any wood species with a specific gravity of 0.42 or greater in accordance with AFPA/NDS and minimum 33 ksi steel for 33 mil and 43 mil steel and 50 ksi steel for 54 mil steel or thicker.
2. Nail fasteners shall comply with ASTM F1667, except nail length shall be permitted to exceed ASTM F1667 standard lengths. Self-drilling tapping screw fasteners for connection of siding to steel framing shall comply with the requirements of AISI S200. Specified fasteners in accordance with Chapter 1405 or the siding manufacturer’s approved installation instructions shall meet all other requirements in ASTM F1667, AISI S200 or be otherwise approved for the intended application.
When an airspace separates the siding from direct contact with the foam plastic sheathing, the approved weather coverings shall be attached in accordance with the Building Code of New York State , Chapter 14 to minimum 1 × 3 wood or minimum 33 mil steel hat channel furring placed over the foam sheathing. Furring shall be attached through the foam sheathing to wall framing in accordance with Table 502.2.8.2 in regard to minimum fastening requirements and maximum foam sheathing thickness limitations to support siding dead load. Furring and connections shall be separately designed to resist all other applicable loads determined in accordance with the Building Code of New York State , Chapter 16. When placed horizontally, wood furring shall be preservative-treated wood in accordance with the Building Code of New York State , Section 2303.1.8 or naturally durable wood and fasteners shall be corrosion resistant in accordance with the Building Code of New York State , Section 2304.9.5. Steel hat channel furring shall have a minimum G60 galvanized coating.
Exception: Furring shall not be required over foam plastic sheathing behind anchored stone and masonry veneer installed in accordance with the Building Code of New York State , Section 1405.6. Veneer ties shall be installed on the surface of the foam plastic sheathing with fasteners of sufficient length to pass through the thickness of foam plastic sheathing and penetrate framing to provide required pull-out resistance determined in accordance with the Building Code of New York State , Chapter 16.
TABLE 502.2.8.2 FURRING MINIMUM FASTENING REQUIREMENTS FOR APPLICATION OVER FOAM PLASTIC SHEATHING TO SUPPORT SIDING DEAD LOAD1,2
Minimum Size Minimum
(inches) Maximum Thickness of Foam Sheathing
Minimumbr>1 × Wood
Furring3 Minimum
2 × Wood
Stud 0.120"
diameter nail 11/4 8 4 4 1.5 4 2 1
12 4 2 1 4 1.5 0.5
16 4 2 0.5 4 1 DR
diameter nail 11/4 8 4 4 2 4 3 1
12 4 3 1 4 2 0.75
16 4 2 0.75 4 1.5 DR
#8 wood screw5 1 12 4 4 1.5 4 3 1
16 4 3 1 4 2 0.5
24 4 2 0.5 4 1 DR
1/4" lag screw5 11/2 12 4 4 3 4 4 1.5
16 4 4 2 4 3 1
24 4 3 1 4 2 0.5
Steel Stud #8 screw Steel thickness
+ 3 threads 12 3 1.5 DR 3 0.5 DR
#10 screw Steel thickness
+ 3 threads 12 4 2 R 4 1 DR
+ 3 threads 12 4 3 1.5 4 3 DR
1. Table values are based on: (1) minimum 3/4-inch (19.1 mm) thick wood furring and wood studs of Spruce-Pine-Fir or any softwood species with a specific gravity of 0.42 or greater per AFPA/NDS, (2) minimum 33 mil steel hat channel furring of 33 ksi steel, and (3) steel framing of indicated nominal steel thickness and minimum 33 ksi steel for 33 mil and 43 mil steel and 50 ksi steel for 54 mil steel or thicker.
2. Nail fasteners shall comply with ASTM F1667, except nail length shall be permitted to exceed ASTM F1667 standard lengths. Self-drilling tapping screw fasteners for connection of siding to steel framing shall comply with the requirements of AISI S230. Specified fasteners in accordance with the Building Code of New York State, Chapter 1405 or the siding manufacturer’s approved installation instructions shall meet all other requirements in ASTM F1667 or AISI S230 or be otherwise approved for the intended application.
3. Where the required siding fastener penetration into wood material exceeds 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) and is not more than 11/2 inches (38.1 mm), a minimum 2 × wood furring shall be used unless approved deformed shank siding nails or siding screws are used to provide equivalent withdrawal strength allowing connection to 1× wood furring.
4. Furring shall be spaced a maximum of 24 inches o.c. in a vertical or horizontal orientation. In a vertical orientation, furring shall be located over wall studs and attached with the required fastener spacing. In a horizontal orientation, furring strips shall be fastened at each stud intersection with a number of fasteners equivalent to the required fastener spacing. In no case shall fasteners be spaced more than 24 inches (0.6 m) apart.
5. Lag screws shall be installed with a standard cut washer. Lag screws and wood screws shall be predrilled in accordance with AFPA/NDS. Approved self-drilling screws of equal or greater shear and withdrawal strength shall be permitted without predrilling.
TABLE 502.3 BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS: FENESTRATION
U-Factor 0.40 0.35 0.35
Curtain Wall/Storefront U-Factor 0.50 0.45 0.45
Entrance Door U-Factor 0.85 0.80 0.80
All Other U-Factora 0.55 0.55 0.55
SHGC: PF < 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.40
SHGC: 0.25 PF < 0.5 NR NR NR
SHGC: PF 0.5 NR NR NR
U-Factor 0.60 0.60 0.60
SHGC 0.40 0.40 0.40
U -factor and SHGC. For vertical fenestration, the maximum U- factor and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) shall be as specified in Table 502.3, based on the window projection factor. For skylights, the maximum U- factor and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) shall be as specified in Table 502.3.
PF= A/B(Equation 5-1)
Where different windows or glass doors have different PF- values, they shall each be evaluated separately, or an area-weighted PF- value shall be calculated and used for all windows and glass doors.
The air leakage of window and sliding or swinging door assemblies that are part of the building envelope shall be determined in accordance with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, or NFRC 400 by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer and shall not exceed 0.3 cfm per square foot (1.5 L/s/m 2 ), and swinging doors no more than 0.5 cfm per square foot (2.6 L/s/m 2 ).
Curtain wall, storefront glazing and commercial-glazed swinging entrance doors and revolving doors shall be tested for air leakage at 1.57 pounds per square foot (psf) (75 Pa) in accordance with ASTM E 283. For curtain walls and storefront glazing, the maximum air leakage rate shall be 0.3 cubic foot per minute per square foot (cfm/ft 2 ) (5.5 m 3 /h × m 2 ) of fenestration area. For commercial glazed swinging entrance doors and revolving doors, the maximum air leakage rate shall be 1.00 cfm/ft 2 (18.3 m 3 /h × m 2 ) of door area when tested in accordance with ASTM E 283.
ontinuous air barrier. Except in unheated structures and as permitted by this section, a continuous air barrier shall be installed; sealing all seams, openings, and penetrations of the building and shall be sealed with caulking materials or closed with gasketing systems compatible with the construction materials and location. Joints and seams shall be sealed in the same manner or taped or covered with a moisture vapor-permeable wrapping material. Sealing materials spanning joints between construction materials shall allow for expansion and contraction of the construction materials. Such air barrier shall have all the following characteristics:
1. Continuous throughout the envelope with all joints and seams sealed and with sealed connections between all transitions in planes and changes in materials and at all penetrations.
2. Joined and sealed in a flexible manner to the air barrier component of adjacent assemblies, allowing for the relative movement of these assemblies and components.
3. Installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and in such a manner as to achieve the performance requirements.
4. Penetrations of the continuous air barrier shall be made in a way such that the integrity of the continuous air barrier is maintained.
Compliance for continuous air barriers may be demonstrated using any one of the following three methods:
1. Materials. Using individual materials that have an air permeability not to exceed 0.02 L/s • m2 under a pressure differential of 75 Pa [0.004 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. water (1.57 lb/ft2)] when tested in accordance with ASTM E 2178.
2. Assemblies. Assemblies of materials and components shall have an average air leakage not to exceed 0.2 L/s•m2 under a pressure differential of 75 Pa [0.04 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. water (1.57 lb/ft2)] when tested in accordance with ASTM E 2357 or ASTM E 1677. In addition these assemblies must meet the requirement for joints per Section 502.4.3.
3. Building. Testing the completed building and demonstrating that the air leakage rate of the building envelope does not exceed 2.0 L/s•m2 under a pressure differential of 75 Pa [0.4 cfm/ft2 at a pressure differential of 0.3 in. water (1.57 psf)] in accordance with ASTM E 779 or an equivalent approved method.
exhaust openings. Stair and elevator shaft vents and other outdoor air intakes and exhaust openings integral to the building envelope shall be equipped with not less than a Class I motorized, leakage-rated damper with a maximum leakage rate of 4 cfm per square foot (6.8 L/s • m 2 ) at 1.0 inch water gauge (w.g.) (1250 Pa) when tested in accordance with AMCA 500D.
1. Doors not intended to be used as a building entrance door, such as doors to mechanical or electrical equipment rooms.
2. Doors opening directly from a sleeping unit or dwelling unit.
3. Doors that open directly from a space less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2) in area.
4. Revolving doors.
5. Doors used primarily to facilitate vehicular movement or material handling and adjacent personnel doors.
essed lighting. Recessed luminaires installed in the building thermal envelope shall be sealed to limit air leakage between conditioned and unconditioned spaces. All recessed luminaires shall be IC-rated and labeled as meeting ASTM E 283 when tested at 1.57 psf (75 Pa) pressure differential with no more than 2.0 cfm (0.944 L/s) of air movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity. All recessed luminaires shall be sealed with a gasket or caulk between the housing and interior wall or ceiling covering.
atory). Class I or II vapor retarders are required on the interior side of walls in Zones 5 and 6 for all framed walls, floors and ceilings where the framed cavity is not ventilated to allow moisture to escape.
Class III vapor retarders shall be permitted where the conditions in Table 502.5.1 are met.
TABLE 502.5.1 CLASS III VAPOR RETARDERS
ZONE CLASS III VAPOR RETARDERS PERMITTED FOR
The vapor retarder class shall be based on the manufacturer's certified testing or a tested assembly. The following shall be deemed to meet the class specified:
Class II: Kraft faced fiberglass batts
For the purposes of this section, vented cladding shall include the following minimum clear air spaces or vented siding:
1. Stucco with a 3/8-inch (9.52 mm) clear airspace with 3/8-inch (9.52 mm) continuous slot vent openings at the top and bottom of each wall.
2. Brick with a 2-inch (51 mm) clear airspace behind the brick with vents at both the top and bottom of the brick. The vents shall be 3/8 inch × 2.5-inch (9.52 mm × 63 mm) openings every third brick at both the bottom and top.
3. Stone or masonry veneer with a 2-inch (51 mm) clear airspace behind the stone with vents at the top and bottom. The vents shall have at least 1 square inch of vent area for every 24 inches (610 mm) of wall.
4. Panel siding with 3/8-inch (9.52 mm) clear airspace with 3/8-inch (9.52 mm) continuous slot vent openings at both the top and bottom of each wall.
5. Wood, wood based, or fiber cement siding with either a 1/4-inch (6.35 mm) clear airspace; or alternatively a 1/4-inch (6.35 mm) gap between the horizontal siding laps.
6. Vinyl lap siding applied directly to a weather resistive barrier.
7. Manufactured stone veneer with a 3/8-inch (9.52 mm) clear airspace with 3/8-inch (9.52 mm) continuous slot vent openings at both the top and bottom of each wall.
8. Other approved clear air spaces and vented openings.
Where the roof assembly could be subject to damage from moisture and the proposed use will create elevated moisture levels within a building or space, such as swimming pools, gymnasiums, cooking areas and processing plants, the design professional shall be responsible for determining the application of a vapor retarder to protect the roof structure. This determination should be based on the climate zone and the projected interior humidity level in the building space below.
atory).
Design loads shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in the ASHRAE/ACCA 183. Heating and cooling loads shall be adjusted to account for load reductions that are achieved when energy recovery systems are utilized in the HVAC system in accordance with the ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment Handbook . Alternatively, design loads shall be determined by an approved equivalent computation procedure, using the design parameters specified in Chapter 3.
Heating and cooling equipment and systems capacity shall not exceed the loads calculated in accordance with Section 503.2.1. A single piece of equipment providing both heating and cooling must satisfy this provision for one function with the capacity for the other function as small as possible, within available equipment options.
Exception: Water-cooled centrifugal water-chilling packages listed in Table 503.2.3(7) not designed for operation at ARHI Standard 550/590 test conditions of 44°F (7°C) leaving chilled water temperature and 85°F (29°C) entering condenser water temperature with 3 gpm/ton (0.054 l /s • kW) condenser water flow shall have maximum full load and NPLV ratings adjusted using the following equations:
Adjusted maximum full load kW/ton rating = [full load kW/ton from Table 503.2.3(7)]/ Kadj
Adjusted maximum NPLV rating = [IPLV from Table 503.2.3(7)]/ Kadj
Kadj = 6.174722 - 0.303668(X) + 0.00629466(X) 2 - 0.000045780(X) 3
Flow = Condenser water flow (GPM) Cooling Full Load Capacity (tons)
LIFT = CEWT – CLWT ( o F)
CEWT = Full Load Condenser Entering Water Temperature ( o F)
CLWT = Full Load Leaving Chilled Water Temperature ( o F)
Condensing Water Flow: 1 to 6 gpm/ton (0.018 to 0.1076 l /s • kW) and X ≥ 39 and ≤ 60
TABLE 503.2.3(1) UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS AND CONDENSING UNITS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
RATING CONDITION MINIMUM EFFICIENCYb TEST PROCEDUREa
Air cooled < 65,000 Btu/hd Split system 13.0 SEER AHRI 210/240
Single package 13.0 SEER
single package 11.2 EERc
single package 11.0 EERc AHRI 340/360
single package 10.0 EERc 9.7 IPLVc
single package 9.7 EERc
Air cooled < 30,000 Btu/hd Split system 12.0 SEER AHRI 210/240
Single package 12.0 SEER
single package 12.1 EER AHRI 210/240
TABLE 503.2.3(2) UNITARY AND APPLIED HEAT PUMPS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
(Cooling mode) < 65,000 Btu/hd Split system 13.0 SEER AHRI 210/240
< 135,000 Btu/h Split system and single package 11.0 EERc
< 240,000 Btu/h Split system and single package 10.6 EERc AHRI 340/360
≥ 240,000 Btu/h Split system and single package 9.5 EERc
(air cooled,
cooling mode) < 30,000 Btu/hd Split system 12.0 SEER AHRI 210/240
(Cooling mode) < 17,000 Btu/h 86°F entering water 11.2 EER AHRI/ASHRAE-13256-1
< 135,000 Btu/h 86°F entering water 12.0 EER AHRI/ASHRAE-13256-1
(Cooling mode) < 135,000 Btu/h 59°F entering water 16.2 EER AHRI/ASHRAE-13256-1
(Cooling mode) < 135,000 Btu/h 77°F entering water 13.4 EER AHRI/ASHRAE 13256-1
(Heating mode) < 65,000 Btu/hd
(Cooling capacity) Split system 7.7 HSPF AHRI 210/240
Single package 7.7 HSPF
(Cooling capacity) 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air 3.3 COP
(Cooling capacity) 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air 3.2 COP AHRI 340/360
heating mode) < 30,000 Btu/hd Split system 7.4 HSPF AHRI 210/240
Single package 7.4 HSPF
(Cooling capacity) 68°F entering water 4.2 COP AHRI/ASHRAE-13256-1
(Cooling capacity) 50°F entering water 3.6 COP AHRI/ASHRAE-13256-1
(Cooling capacity) 32°F entering water 3.1 COP AHRI/ASHRAE-13256-1
TABLE 503.2.3(3)PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR CONDITIONERS AND PACKAGED TERMINAL HEAT PUMPS
PTAC (Cooling mode) New construction All capacities 95°F db outdoor air 12.5 - (0.213 • Cap/1000) EER AHRI 310/380
PTAC (Cooling mode) Replacementsc All capacities 95°F db outdoor air 10.9 - (0.213 • Cap/1000) EER
PTHP (Cooling mode) New construction All capacities 95°F db outdoor air 12.3 - (0.213 • Cap/1000) EER
PTHP (Cooling mode) Replacementsc All capacities 95°F db outdoor air 10.8 - (0.213 • Cap/1000) EER
PTHP (Heating mode) New construction All capacities/td> — 3.2 - (0.026 • Cap/1000) COP
PTHP (Heating mode) Replacementsc All capacities — 2.9 - (0.026 • Cap/1000) COP
For SI: °C - [(°F) - 32]/1.8, 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
b. Cap means the rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit’s capacity is less than 7,000 Btu/h, use 7,000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation.
c. Replacement units must be factory labeled as follows: "MANUFACTURED FOR REPLACEMENT APPLICATIONS ONLY: NOT TO BE INSTALLED IN NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS." Replacement efficiencies apply only to units with existing sleeves less than 16 inches high and less than 42 inches wide.
TABLE 503.2.3(4) WARM AIR FURNACES AND COMBINATION WARM AIR FURNACES/AIR-CONDITIONING UNITS, WARM AIR DUCT FURNACES AND UNIT HEATERS, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
EFFICIENCYd, e TEST PROCEDUREa
Warm air furnaces, gas fired < 225,000 Btu/h — 78% AFUE or
Warm air furnaces, oil fired < 225,000 Btu/h — 78% AFUE or
Warm air duct furnaces, gas fired All capacities Maximum capacityb 80%Ec ANSI Z83.8
Warm air unit heaters, gas fired All capacities Maximum capacityb 80%Ec ANSI Z83.8
Warm air unit heaters, oil fired All capacities Maximum capacityb 80%Ec UL 731
b. Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.
TABLE 503.2.3(5) BOILERS, GAS- AND OIL-FIRED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
EQUIPMENT TYPEf SIZE CATEGORY (INPUT) SUBCATEGORY OR RATING CONDITION MINIMUM EFFICIENCYb TEST PROCEDUREa
Boilers, Gas fired < 300,000 Btu/h Hot water 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR
≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h Minimum capacityb 75%Et and 80% Ec
(See Note c, d) DOE 10 CFR Part 431
>2,500,000 Btu/hf Hot water 80%Ec
Steam 80%Ec
Boilers, Oil fired < 300,000 Btu/h - 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR
≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h Minimum capacityb 78%Et and 83% Ec
(See Note c, d) DOE 10 CFR
> 2,500,000 Btu/hf Hot water 83%Ec
Steam 83%Ec
(Residual) ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and
≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h Minimum capacityb 78%Et and 83% Ec (See Note c, d) DOE 10 CFR
TABLE 503.2.3(6) CONDENSING UNITS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
TABLE 503.2.3(7) WATER CHILLING PACKAGES, MINIMUM REQUIREMENTSa
CATEGORY UNITS Path Ac Path Bc TEST
Air cooled chillers < 150 tons EER ≥ 9.562 ≥ 12.500 NAd NAd
≥ 150 tons EER ≥ 9.562 ≥ 12.750 NAd NAd
Air cooled without condenser, electrically operated All
Capacities EER Air-cooled chillers without condensers must be rated with matching condensers and comply with the air-cooled chiller efficiency requirements
electrically operated, reciprocating All
Capacities kW/ton Reciprocating units must comply with water cooled positive displacement efficiency requirements
electrically operated, positive displacement < 75 tons kW/ton ≤ 0.780 ≤ 0.630 ≤ 0.800 ≤ 0.600
< 300 tons kW/ton ≤ 0.680 ≤ 0.580 ≤ 0.718 ≤ 0.540
≥ 300 tons kW/ton ≤ 0.620 ≤ 0.540 ≤ 0.639 ≤ 0.490
electrically operated, centrifugal < 150 tons kW/ton ≤ 0.634 ≤ 0.596 ≤ 0.639 ≤ 0.450
< 300 tons kW/ton
< 600 tons kW/ton ≤ 0.576 ≤ 0.549 ≤ 0.600 ≤ 0.400
≥ 600 tons kW/ton ≤ 0.570 ≤ 0.539 ≤ 0.590 ≤ 0.400
Capacities COP ≥ 0.600 NRe NAd NAd AHRI
absorption single effect All
Capacities COP ≥ 0.700 NRe NAd NAd
Absorption double effect, indirect-fired All
Capacities COP ≥ 1.000 ≥ 1.050 NAd NAd
Absorption double effect, direct-fired All
Capacities COP ≥ 1.000 ≥ 1.000 NAd NAd
For SI: 1 ton = 907 kg, 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C - [(°F) - 32]/1.8.
a. The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers used in low-temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is < 40° F.
Each zone shall be provided with thermostatic setback controls that are con trolled by either an automatic time clock or programmable control system.
2. Gravity dampers shall be permitted for outside air intake or exhaust airflows of 300 cfm (.14 m3/s) or less.
Ventilation, either natural or mechanical, shall be provided in accordance with Chapter 4 of the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes. Where mechanical ventilation is provided, the system shall provide the capability to reduce the outdoor air supply to the minimum required by Chapter 4 of the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes.
Demand control ventilation (DCV) is required for spaces larger than 500 ft 2 (50 m 2 ) and with an average occupant load of 40 people per 1000 ft 2 (93 m 2 ) of floor area (as established in Table 403.3 of the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes ) and served by systems with one or more of the following:
3. System with a design outdoor airflow less than 1,200 cfm (566 L/s).
Individual fan systems that have both a design supply air capacity of 5,000 cfm (2.36 m 3 /s) or greater and a minimum outside air supply of 70 percent or greater of the design supply air quantity shall have an energy recovery system that provides a change in the enthalpy of the outdoor air supply of 50 percent or more of the difference between the outdoor air and return air at design conditions. Provision shall be made to bypass or control the energy recovery system to permit cooling with outdoor air where cooling with outdoor air is required.
1. Where energy recovery systems are prohibited by the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes.
2.1 Variable-air-volume hood exhaust and room supply systems capable of reducing exhaust and makeup air volume to 50 percent or less of design values.
2.2 Direct makeup (auxiliary) air supply equal to at least 75 percent of the exhaust rate, heated no warmer than 2°F (1.1°C) below room set point, cooled to no cooler than 3°F (1.7°C) above room set point, no humidification added, and no simultaneous heating and cooling used for dehumidification control.
5. Systems requiring dehumidification that employ series-style energy recovery coils wrapped around the cooling coil.
6. Cooling systems in climates with a 1 percent cooling design wet-bulb temperature less than 64°F (17.7°C).
All supply and return air ducts and plenums shall be insulated with a minimum of R-5 insulation when located in unconditioned spaces and with a minimum of R-8 insulation when located outside the building. When located within a building envelope assembly, the duct or plenum shall be separated from the building exterior or unconditioned or exempt spaces by a minimum of R-8 insulation.
All ducts, air handlers and filter boxes shall be sealed. Joints and seams shall comply with Section 603.9 of the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes.
Ductwork shall be constructed and erected in accordance with the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes. .
All longitudinal and transverse joints, seams and connections of supply and return ducts operating at a static pressure less than or equal to 2 inches w.g. (500 Pa) shall be securely fastened and sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives), mastic-plus-embedded-fabric systems or tapes installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Pressure classifications specific to the duct system shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents in accordance with the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes.
All ducts and plenums designed to operate at a static pressure greater than 2 inches w.g. (500 Pa) but less than 3 inches w.g. (750 Pa) shall be insulated and sealed in accordance with Section 503.2.7. Pressure classifications specific to the duct system shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents in accordance with the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes.
Ducts designed to operate at static pressures in excess of 3 inches w.g. (746 Pa) shall be insulated and sealed in accordance with Section 503.2.7. In addition, ducts and plenums shall be leak-tested in accordance with the SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual with the rate of air leakage ( CL ) less than or equal to 6.0 as determined in accordance with Equation 5-2.
CL = F × P0.65 (Equation 5-2)
2. Factory-installed piping within room fan-coils and unit ventilators tested and rated according to AHRI Standards 440 (except that the sampling and variation provisions of Section 6.5 shall not apply) and 840, respectively.
TABLE 503.2.8 MINIMUM PIPE INSULATIONa, b (thickness in inches)
FLUID NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETER
≤ 1.5" > 1.5"
Steam 11/2 3
Hot water 11/2 2
Chilled water, brine or refrigerant 11/2 11/2
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, British thermal unit per inch/h • ft2 °F = W per 25 mm/K • m2, °C - [(°F) - 32]/1.8.
a. Based on insulation having a conductivity (k) not exceeding 0.27 Btu per inch/h • ft2 °F.
T = r [(1+tlr)K/k-1]
Each supply air outlet and zone terminal device shall be equipped with means for air balancing in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 6 of the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes. Discharge dampers are prohibited on constant volume fans and variable volume fans with motors 10 hp (7.46 kW) and larger.
3. HVAC system control maintenance and calibration information, including wiring diagrams, schematics, and control sequence descriptions. Desired or field-determined set points shall be permanently recorded on control drawings, at control devices or, for digital control systems, in programming comments.
Each HVAC system having a total fan system motor nameplate horsepower (hp) exceeding 5 horsepower (hp) (3.7 kW) shall meet the provisions of Sections 503.2.10.1 through 503.2.10.2.
2. Individual exhaust fans with motor nameplate horsepower of 1 hp (0.75 kW) or less.
TABLE 503.2.10.1(1) FAN POWER LIMITATION
Option 1: Fan system motor nameplate hp Allowable nameplate motor hp hp ≤ CFMS *0.0011 hp ≤ CFMs *0.0015
Option 2: Fan system bhp Allowable fan system bhp bhp ≤ CFMS *0.00094 + A bhp ≤ CFMS *0.0013 + A
For SI: 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.0004719 m3/s, 1 horsepower = 756 W.
A =Sum of [PD x CFMD / 4131].
PD = Each applicable pressure drop adjustment from Table 503.2.10.1(2) in. w.c.
TABLE 503.2.10.1(2) FAN POWER LIMITATION PRESSURE DROP ADJUSTMENT
Fully ducted return and/or exhaust air systems 0.5 in w.c.
Return and/or exhaust airflow control devices 0.5 in w.c.
Exhaust filters, scrubbers or other exhaust treatment.. The pressure drop of device calculated at fan system design condition.
Particulate filtration credit: MERV 9 thru 12 0.5 in w.c.
Particulate filtration credit: MERV 13 thru 15 0.9 in w.c.
Heat recovery device Pressure drop of device at fan system design condition.
Sound attenuation section 0.15 in w.c.
Fume hood exhaust exception (required if Section 503.2.10.1, Exception 3, is taken) -1.0 in w.c.
For each fan, the selected fan motor shall be no larger than the first available motor size greater than the brake horsepower (bhp). The fan brake horsepower (bhp) shall be indicated on the design documents to allow for compliance verification by the code enforcement official .
1. For fans less than 6 bhp (4.476 watts), where the first available motor larger than the brake horsepower has a nameplate rating within 50 percent of the bhp, selection of the next larger nameplate motor size is allowed.
2. For fans 6 bhp (4.476 watts) and larger, where the first available motor larger than the bhp has a nameplate rating within 30 percent of the bhp, selection of the next larger nameplate motor size is allowed.
Exception:1. Systems with air or evaporatively cooled condensors and which serve spaces with open case refrigeration or that require filtration equipment in order to meet the minimum ventilation requirements of Chapter 4 of the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes.
TABLE 503.3.1(1)ECONOMIZER REQUIREMENTS
CLIMATE ZONES ECONOMIZER REQUIREMENTa
4, 5, 6 Economizers on all cooling systems
≥ 54,000 Btu/h
(Prescriptive). This section applies to buildings served by HVAC equipment and systems not covered in Section 503.3.
Exception:1. Systems utilizing water economizers that are capable of cooling supply air by direct or indirect evaporation or both and providing 100 percent of the expected system cooling load at outside air temperatures of 50°F (10°C) dry bulb/45°F (7°C) wet bulb and below.
Individual VAV fans with motors of 10 horsepower (7.46 kW) or greater shall be:
2. The fan motor shall have controls or devices that will result in fan motor demand of no more than 30 percent of their design wattage at 50 percent of design airflow when the static pressure set point equals one-third of the total design static pressure, based on the manufacturer’s certified fan data.
The heating of fluids that have been previously mechanically cooled and the cooling of fluids that have been previously mechanically heated shall be limited in accordance with Sections 503.4.3.1 through 503.4.3.3. Hydronic heating systems comprised of multiple-packaged boilers and designed to deliver conditioned water or steam into a common distribution system shall include automatic controls capable of sequencing operation of the boilers. Hydronic heating systems comprised of a single boiler and greater than 500,000 Btu/h (146 kW) input design capacity shall include either a multistaged or modulating burner.
Systems that use a common distribution system to supply both heated and chilled water shall be designed to allow a deadband between changeover from one mode to the other of at least 15°F (8.3°C) outside air temperatures; be designed to and provided with controls that will allow operation in one mode for at least 4 hours before changing over to the other mode; and be provided with controls that allow heating and cooling supply temperatures at the changeover point to be no more than 30°F (16.7°C) apart.
Hydronic heat pumps connected to a common heat pump water loop with central devices for heat rejection and heat addition shall have controls that are capable of providing a heat pump water supply temperature deadband of at least 20°F (11.1°C) between initiation of heat rejection and heat addition by the central devices.
Exception: Where a system loop temperature optimization controller is installed and can determine the most efficient operating temperature based on real-time conditions of demand and capacity, deadbands of less than 20°F (11.1°C) shall be permitted.
For Climate Zone 4 as indicated in Table 301.1:
For Climate Zones 5 and 6 as indicated in Table 301.1, if an open- or closed-circuit cooling tower is used, then a separate heat exchanger shall be required to isolate the cooling tower from the heat pump loop, and heat loss shall be controlled by shutting down the circulation pump on the cooling tower loop and providing an automatic valve to stop the flow of fluid.
Hydronic systems greater than or equal to 300,000 Btu/h (87,930 W) in design output capacity supplying heated or chilled water to comfort conditioning systems shall include controls that have the capability to:
Chilled water plants including more than one chiller shall have the capability to reduce flow automatically through the chiller plant when a chiller is shut down. Chillers piped in series for the purpose of increased temperature differential, shall be considered as one chiller.
Exception: Factory-installed heat rejection devices within HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with Tables 503.2.3(6) through 503.2.3(7).
Sections 503.4.5.1 through 503.4.5.4 shall apply to complex mechanical systems serving multiple zones. Supply air systems serving multiple zones shall be VAV systems which, during periods of occupancy, are designed and capable of being controlled to reduce primary air supply to each zone to one of the following before reheating, recooling or mixing takes place:
3. The minimum ventilation requirements of Chapter 4 of the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes.
2. Zones or supply air systems where at least 75 percent of the energy for reheating or for providing warm air in mixing systems is provided from a site-recovered or site solar energy source.
4. Zones with a peak supply air quantity of 300 cfm (142 L/s) or less and where the flow rate is less than ten percent of the total fan system supply airflow rate.
5. Zones where the volume of air to be reheated, recooled or mixed is no greater than the volume of outside air required to meet the minimum ventilation requirements of Chapter 4 of the Mechanical Code of New York State or, in New York City, the New York City Construction Codes.
Multiple zone HVAC systems must include controls that automatically reset the supply-air temperature in response to representative building loads, or to outdoor air temperature. The controls must be capable of resetting the supply-air temperature at least 25 percent of the difference between the design supply-air temperature and the design room air temperature.
1. Systems that prevent reheating, recooling, or mixing of heated and cooled supply air.
Condenser heat recovery shall be installed for heating or reheating of service hot water provided the facility operates 24 hours a day, the total installed heat capacity of water-cooled systems exceeds 6,000,000 Btu/h (1758 kW) of heat rejection, and the design service water heating load exceeds 1,000,000 Btu/h (293 kW).
ot gas bypass limitation. Cooling systems shall not use hot gas bypass or other evaporator pressure control systems unless the system is designed with multiple steps of unloading or continuous capacity modulation. The capacity of the hot gas bypass shall be limited as indicated in Table 503.4.7.
TABLE 503.4.7 MAXIMUM HOT GAS BYPASS CAPACITY
≤ 240,000 Btu/h 50%
> 240,000 Btu/h 25%
Water heating equipment and hot water storage tanks shall meet the requirements of Table 504.2. The efficiency shall be verified through data furnished by the manufacturer or through certification under an approved certification program.
Water heaters, Electric ≤ 12 kW Resistance 0.97 - 0.00132V, EF DOE 10 CFR Part 430
>12 kW Resistance 1.73V+ 155 SL, Btu/h ANSI Z21.10.3
≤ 250 volts Heat pump 0.93 - 0.00132V, EF DOE 10 CFR Part 430
≤ 155,000 Btu/h < 4,000 Btu/h/gal 80%Et
( Q/800 +110√V ) SL, Btu/h ANSI Z21.10.3
> 155,000 Btu/h < 4,000 Btu/h/gal 80%Et
( Q/800 +110√V ) SL, Btu/h
heaters, Gas > 50,000 Btu/h and
and < 2 gal 0.62 - 0.0019V, EF DOE 10 CFR Part 430
< 10 gal 80%Et ANSI Z21.10.3
≥10 gal 80%Et
heaters, Oil ≤ 105,000 Btu/h ≥ 20 gal 0.59 - 0.0019V, EF DOE 10 CFR Part 430
> 105,000 Btu/h < 4,000 Btu/h/gal 78%Et
Instantaneous water heaters,
≥10 gal 78%Et
Gas and Oil ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and
<12,500,000 Btu/h ≥ 4,000 Btu/h/gal and
Gas ≥ 300,000 Btu/h and
≥ 10 gal 80%Et
> 10 gal 78%Et
Gas and Oil All - 78%Et ASHRAE 146
Heat pump pool heaters All - 4.0 COP AHRI 1160
Unfired storage tanks All - Minimum insulation
(h × ft2 × °F)/Btu (none)
Service water heating equipment shall be provided with controls to allow a set point of 110°F (43°C) for equipment serving dwelling units and 90°F (32°C) for equipment serving other occupancies. The outlet temperature of lavatories in public facility rest rooms shall be limited to 110°F (43°C).
For automatic circulating hot water systems, piping shall be insulated with 1 inch (25 mm) of insulation having a conductivity not exceeding 0.27 Btu per inch/h × ft2 × °F (1.53 W per 25 mm/m2 × K). The first 8 feet (2438 mm) of piping in noncirculating systems served by equipment without integral heat traps shall be insulated with 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of material having a conductivity not exceeding 0.27 Btu per inch/h × ft2 × °F (1.53 W per 25 mm/m2 × K).
Automatic circulating hot water system pumps or heat trace shall be arranged to be conveniently turned off automatically or manually when the hot water system is not in operation.
Pools shall be provided with energy-conserving measures in accordance with Sections 504.7.1 through 504.7.3.
Section 505 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems
This section covers lighting system controls, the connection of ballasts, the maximum lighting power for interior applications, and minimum acceptable lighting equipment for exterior applications.
Exception: Dwelling units are not required to comply with Sections 505.2 through 505.5.2 if Section 505.5.3 is followed.
3. Switching the middle luminaire lamps independently of the outer lamps; or
Buildings larger than 5,000 square feet (465 m 2 ) shall be equipped with an automatic control device to shut off lighting in those areas. This automatic control device shall function on either:
1. In malls and arcades, auditoriums, single-tenant retail spaces, industrial facilities and arenas, where captive-key override is utilized, override time may exceed 2 hours.
2. Fluorescent luminaires equipped with one, three or any other odd-numbered lamp configuration, that are pendant- or surface-mounted within 1 foot (305 mm) edge-to-edge of each other.
1. The connected power associated with the following lighting equipment is not included in calculating total connected lighting power:
1.4. Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants with special lighting needs, including visual impairment and other medical and age-related issues.
2.1 Task lighting for medical and dental purposes.
2.2 Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, museums and monuments.
14. Furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting that is controlled by automatic shutoff.
The total interior lighting power (watts) is the sum of all interior lighting powers for all areas in the building covered in this permit. The interior lighting power is the floor area for each building area type listed in Table 505.5.2 times the value from Table 505.5.2 for that area. For the purposes of this method, an "area" shall be defined as all contiguous spaces that accommodate or are associated with a single building area type as listed in Table 505.5.2. When this method is used to calculate the total interior lighting power for an entire building, each building area type shall be treated as a separate area.
TABLE 505.5.2 INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES
Building Area Typea (W/ft2)
Court House 1.2
Healthcare-Clinic 1.0
Penitentiary 1.0
Police/Fire Station 1.0
Retailb 1.5
Warehouse 0.8
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 watt per square foot = 10.76W/m2.
Additional interior lighting power allowance = 1000 watts + (Retail Area 1 × 0.6 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 2 × 0.6 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 3 × 1.4 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 4 × 2.5 W/ft2).
Exception: Other merchandise categories are permitted to be included in Retail Areas 2 through 4 above, provided that justification documenting the need for additional lighting power based on visual inspection, contrast, or other critical display is approved.
Lighting within dwelling units may have a minimum of 50 percent of the permanently installed interior light fixtures fitted with high-efficacy lamps as an alternative to Section 505.5.2.
The total exterior lighting power allowance for all exterior building applications is the sum of the base site allowance plus the individual allowances for areas that are to be illuminated and are permitted in Table 505.6.2(2) for the applicable lighting zone . Tradeoffs are allowed only among exterior lighting applications listed in Table 505.6.2(2), Tradable Surfaces section. The lighting zone for the building exterior is determined from Table 505.6.2(1) unless otherwise specified by the code enforcement official. Exterior lighting for all applications (except those included in the exceptions to Section 505.6.2) shall comply with the requirements of Section 505.6.1.
1. Specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation;
7. Industrial production, material handling, transportation sites, and associated storage areas;
TABLE 505.6.2(1) EXTERIOR LIGHTING ZONES
LIGHTING ZONE DESCRIPTION
1 Developed areas of national parks, state parks, forest land, and rural areas
2 Areas predominantly consisting of residential zoning, neighborhood business districts, light industrial with limited night-time use and residential mixed-use areas
4 High-activity commercial districts in major metropolitan areas as designated by the local land use planning authority
TABLE 505.6.2(2) INDIVIDUAL LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES FOR BUILDING EXTERIORS
Base Site Allowance (Base allowance may be used in tradable or nontradable surfaces.) 500 W 600 W 750 W 1300 W
Tradable Surfaces (Lighting power densities for uncovered parking areas, building grounds, building entrances and exits, canopies and overhangs and outdoor sales areas may be traded.) Uncovered Parking Areas
Walkways less than 10 feet wide 0.7 W/linear foot 0.7 W/linear foot 0.8 W/linear foot 1.0 W/linear foot
Walkways 10 feet wide or greater, plaza areas special feature areas 0.14 W/ft2 0.14 W/ft2 0.16 W/ft2 0.2 W/ft2
tunnels 0.15 W/ft2 0.15 W/ft2 0.2 W/ft2 0.3 W/ft2
Free-standing and attached 0.6 W/ft2 0.6 W/ft2 0.8 W/ft2 1.0 W/ft2
Open areas (including vehicle sales lots) 0.25 W/ft2 0.25 W/ft2 0.5 W/ft2 0.7 W/ft2
Street frontage for vehicle sales lots in addition to "open area" allowance No allowance 10 W/linear foot 10 W/linear foot 30 W/linear foot
TABLE 505.6.2(2)—continued INDIVIDUAL LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES FOR BUILDING EXTERIORS
Nontradable Surfaces (Lighting power density calculations for the following applications can be used only for the specific application and cannot be traded between surfaces or with other exterior lighting. The following allowances are in addition to any allowance otherwise permitted in the "Tradable Surfaces" section of this table.) Building facadess No allowance 0.1 W/ft2 for each illuminated wall or surface or 2.5 W/linear foot for each illuminated wall or surface length 0.15 W/ft2 for each illuminated wall or surface or 3.75 W/linear foot for each illuminated wall or surface length 0.2 W/ft2 for each illuminated wall or surface or 5.0 W/linear foot for each illuminated wall or surface length
Automated teller machines and night depositories 270 W per location plus 90 W per additional ATM per location 270 W per location plus 90 W per additional ATM per location 270 W per location plus 90 W per additional ATM per location 270 W per location plus 90 W per additional ATM per location
Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities 0.75 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area 0.75 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area 0.75 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area 0.75 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area
Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance and other emergency service vehicles 0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area 0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area 0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area 0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 watt per square foot = 10.76 W/m2, 1 watt per linear foot = W/304.8 mm.
Compliance with this section requires that the criteria of Sections 502.4, 502.5, 503.2, 504, 505.2, 505.3, 505.4, 505.6 and 505.7 be met.
Compliance based on total building performance requires that a proposed building (proposed design) be shown to have an annual energy cost that is less than or equal to the annual energy cost of the standard reference design. Energy prices shall be taken from a source approved by the code enforcement official, such as the Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration’s State Energy Price and Expenditure Report. Code enforcement officials shall be permitted to require time-of-use pricing in energy cost calculations. Nondepletable energy collected off site shall be treated and priced the same as purchased energy. Energy from nondepletable energy sources collected on site shall be omitted from the annual energy cost of the proposed design.
Documentation verifying that the methods and accuracy of compliance software tools conform to the provisions of this section shall be provided to the code enforcement official.
Compliance software tools shall generate a report that documents that the proposed design has annual energy costs less than or equal to the annual energy costs of the standard reference design . The compliance documentation shall include the following information:
The code enforcement official shall be permitted to require the following documents:
3. Input and output report(s) from the energy analysis simulation program containing the complete input and output files, as applicable. The output file shall include energy use totals and energy use by energy source and end-use served, total hours that space-conditioning loads are not met and any errors or warning messages generated by the simulation tool as applicable;
TABLE 506.5.1(1)SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE STANDARD REFERENCE AND PROPOSED DESIGNS
Space use classification Same as proposed The space use classification shall be chosen in accordance with Table 505.5.2 for all areas of the building covered by this permit. Where the space use classification for a building is not known, the building shall be categorized as an office building.
Roofs Type: Insulation entirely above deck
Walls, above grade Type: Mass wall if proposed wall is mass; otherwise steel-framed wall
Walls, below grade Type: Mass wall
U-Factor: from Table 502.1.2 with insulation layer on interior side of walls As proposed
Floors, above grade Type: joist/framed floor
U-factor: from Table 502.1.2 As proposed
Floors, slab on grade Type: Unheated
F-factor: from Table 502.1.2 As proposed
Doors Type: Swinging
U-factor: from Table 502.2(1) As proposed
Glazing Area:(a) The proposed glazing area; where the proposed glazing area is less than 40 percent of above-grade wall area.(b) 40 percent of above-grade wall area; where the proposed glazing area is 40 percent or more of the above-grade wall area.U-factor: from Table 502.3
SHGC: from Table 502.3 except that for climates with no requirement
(NR) SHGC = 0.40 shall be used
Skylights Area(a) The proposed skylight area; where the proposed skylight area is less than 3 percent of gross area of roof assembly.(b) 3 percent of gross area of roof assembly; where the proposed skylight area is 3 percent or more of gross area of roof assembly. U-factor: from Table 502.3
Lighting, interior The interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with Table 505.5.2. Where the occupancy of the building is not known, the lighting power density shall be 1.0 watt per square foot (10.73 W/m2) based on the categorization of buildings with unknown space classification as offices. As proposed
Lighting, exterior The lighting power shall be determined in accordance with Table 505.6.2. Areas and dimensions of tradable and nontradable surfaces shall be the same as proposed. As proposed
TABLE 506.5.1(1)—continued SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE STANDARD REFERENCE AND PROPOSED DESIGNS
Internal gains Same as proposed Receptacle, motor and process loads shall be modeled and estimated based on the space use classification. All end-use load components within and associated with the building shall be modeled to include, but not be limited to, the following: exhaust fans, parking garage ventilation fans, exterior building lighting, swimming pool heaters and pumps, elevators, escalators, refrigeration equipment and cooking equipment.
Schedules Same as proposed Operating schedules shall include hourly profiles for daily operation and shall account for variations between weekdays, weekends, holidays and any seasonal operation. Schedules shall model the time-dependent variations in occupancy, illumination, receptacle loads, thermostat settings, mechanical ventilation, HVAC equipment vailability, service hot water usage and any process loads. The schedules shall be typical of the proposed building type as determined by the designer and approved by the jurisdiction.
Mechanical ventilation Same as proposed As proposed, in accordance with Section 503.2.5.
Heating systems Fuel type: same as proposed design
Efficiency: from Tables 503.2.3(4) and 503.2.3(5)Capacityb: sized proportionally to the capacities in the proposed design based on sizing runs, and shall be established such that no smaller number of unmet heating load hours and no larger heating capacity safety factors are provided than in the proposed design. As proposed
Cooling systems Fuel type: same as proposed design
Efficiency: from Tables 503.2.3(1), 503.2.3(2) and 503.2.3(3)Capacityb: sized proportionally to the capacities in the proposed design based on sizing runs, and shall be established such that no smaller number of unmet cooling load hours and no larger cooling capacity safety factors are provided than in the proposed design.
Economizerd: same as proposed, in accordance with Section 503.4.1. As proposed
Service water heating Fuel type: same as proposed
Efficiency: from Table 504.2Capacity: same as proposedWhere no service water hot water system exists or is specified in the proposed design, no service hot water heating shall be modeled. As proposed
For SI: 1 watt per square foot = 10.76 W/m2.
d. If an economizer is required in accordance with Table 503.3.1 (1), and if no economizer exists or is specified in the proposed design, then a supply-air economizer shall be provided in accordance with Section 503.4.1.
TABLE 506.5.1(2) HVAC SYSTEMS MAP
COOLING SOURCEa HEATING SYSTEM
Residential System Single-zone
Nonresidential System All Other
a. Select "water/ground" if the proposed design system condenser is water or evaporatively cooled; select "air/none" if the condenser is air cooled. Closed-circuit dry coolers shall be considered air cooled. Systems utilizing district cooling shall be treated as if the condenser water type were "water." If no mechanical cooling is specified or the mechanical cooling system in the proposed design does not require heat rejection, the system shall be treated as if the condenser water type were "Air." For proposed designs with ground-source or groundwater-source heat pumps, the standard reference design HVAC system shall be water-source heat pump (System 6).
b. Select the path that corresponds to the proposed design heat source: electric resistance, heat pump (including air source and water source), or fuel fired. Systems utilizing district heating (steam or hot water) and systems with no heating capability shall be treated as if the heating system type were "fossil fuel." For systems with mixed fuel heating sources, the system or systems that use the secondary heating source type (the one with the smallest total installed output capacity for the spaces served by the system) shall be modeled identically in the standard reference design and the primary heating source type shall be used to determine standard reference design HVAC system type.
c. Select the standard reference design HVAC system category: The system under "single-zone residential system" shall be selected if the HVAC system in the pro-posed design is a single-zone system and serves a residential space. The system under "single-zone nonresidential system" shall be selected if the HVAC system in the proposed design is a single-zone system and serves other than residential spaces. The system under "all other" shall be selected for all other cases.
TABLE 506.5.1(3) SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN HVAC SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cfm = 0.0004719 m3/s, 1 Btu/h = 0.293/W, °C = [(°F -32)/1.8].
a. VAV with parallel boxes: Fans in parallel VAV fan-powered boxes shall be sized for 50 percent of the peak design flow rate and shall be modeled with 0.35 W/cfm fan power. Minimum volume setpoints for fan-powered boxes shall be equal to the minimum rate for the space required for ventilation consistent with Section 503.4.5, Exception 5. Supply-air temperature set point shall be constant at the design condition.
b. VAV with reheat: Minimum volume set points for VAV reheat boxes shall be 0.4 cfm/ft2 of floor area. Supply-air temperature shall be reset based on zone demand from the design temperature difference to a 10°F temperature difference under minimum load conditions. Design airflow rates shall be sized for the reset supply air temperature, i.e., a 10°F temperature difference.
d. VAV: Constant volume can be modeled if the system qualifies for Section 503.4.5, Exception 1. When the proposed design system has a supply, return or relief fan motor 25 horsepower (hp) or larger, the corresponding fan in the VAV system of the standard reference design shall be modeled assuming a variable speed drive. For smaller fans, a forward-curved centrifugal fan with inlet vanes shall be modeled. If the proposed design’s system has a direct digital control system at the zone level, static pressure set point reset based on zone requirements in accordance with Section 503.4.2 shall be modeled.
e. Chilled water: For systems using purchased chilled water, the chillers are not explicitly modeled and chilled water costs shall be based as determined in Sections 506.3 and 506.5.2. Otherwise, the standard reference design’s chiller plant shall be modeled with chillers having the number as indicated in Table 506.5.1(4) as a function of standard reference building chiller plant load and type as indicated in Table 506.5.1(5) as a function of individual chiller load. Where chiller fuel source is mixed, the system in the standard reference design shall have chillers with the same fuel types and with capacities having the same proportional capacity as the proposed design’s chillers for each fuel type. Chilled water supply temperature shall be modeled at 44°F design supply temperature and 56°F return temperature. Piping losses shall not be modeled in either building model. Chilled water supply water temperature shall be reset in accordance with Section 503.4.3.4. Pump system power for each pumping system shall be the same as the proposed design; if the proposed design has no chilled water pumps, the standard reference design pump power shall be 22 W/gpm (equal to a pump operating against a 75-foot head, 65-percent combined impeller and motor efficiency). The chilled water system shall be modeled as primary-only variable flow with flow maintained at the design rate through each chiller using a bypass. Chilled water pumps shall be modeled as riding the pump curve or with variable-speed drives when required in Section 503.4.3.4. The heat rejection device shall be an axial fan cooling tower with two-speed fans if required in Section 503.4.4. Condenser water design supply temperature shall be 85°F or 10°F approach to design wet-bulb temperature, which-ever is lower, with a design temperature rise of 10°F. The tower shall be controlled to maintain a 70°F leaving water temperature where weather permits, floating up to leaving water temperature at design conditions. Pump system power for each pumping system shall be the same as the proposed design; if the proposed design has no condenser water pumps, the standard reference design pump power shall be 19 W/gpm (equal to a pump operating against a 60-foot head, 60-percent combined impeller and motor efficiency). Each chiller shall be modeled with separate condenser water and chilled water pumps interlocked to operate with the associated chiller.
TABLE 506.5.1(4) NUMBER OF CHILLERS
300 tons 1
600 tons 2 minimum, with chillers added so that no chiller is larger than 800 tons, all sized equally
TABLE 506.5.1(5) WATER CHILLER TYPES
INDIVIDUAL CHILLER
PLANT CAPACITY ELECTRIC
CHILLER TYPE FOSSIL FUEL
100 tons Reciprocating Single-effect absorption, direct fired
> 100 tons, < 300 tons Screw Double-effect absorption, direct fired
300 tons Centrifugal Double-effect absorption, direct fired
The standard reference design and proposed design shall be analyzed using identical thermal blocks as required in Section 506.5.2.1, 506.2.2 or 506.5.2.3.
Exception: Different HVAC zones shall be allowed to be combined to create a single thermal block or identical thermal blocks to which multipliers are applied, provided:
9. Printed code enforcement official inspection checklist listing each of the proposed design component characteristics from Table 506.5.1(1) determined by the analysis to provide compliance, along with their respective performance ratings (e.g., R-value, U-factor, SHGC, HSPF, AFUE, SEER, EF, etc.).
Performance analysis tools meeting the applicable subsections of Section 506 and tested according to ASHRAE Standard 140 shall be permitted to be approved . Tools are permitted to be approved based on meeting a specified threshold for a jurisdiction. The code enforcement official shall be permitted to approve tools for a specified application or limited scope.