Source: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2017/S2306/amendment/A
Timestamp: 2020-02-22 00:47:55
Document Index: 35246816

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§  4', '§\n1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§ 1225', '§  2', '§ 3', '§  7', '§ 8']

NY State Senate Bill S2306A
senate Bill S2306A
Get Status Alerts for S2306A
May 16, 2018 print number 2306b
May 16, 2018 amend and recommit to finance
Jan 25, 2018 print number 2306a
Jan 25, 2018 amend and recommit to transportation
Mar 21, 2017 reported and committed to finance
S2306A
Transportation Committee Vote: Feb 6, 2018
S2306 - Details
2015-2016: S6325, A8613
2019-2020: S5392, A3201
S2306 - Summary
S2306 - Sponsor Memo
BILL NUMBER:  S2306
executive law, in relation to the field testing of mobile telephones
and portable electronic devices after a motor vehicle accident or
collision involving damage to real or personal property, personal
The purpose of this bill is to increase enforcement of existing
prohibitions on the use of mobile telephones and/or personal
electronic devices while driving through the creation of a field test
that law enforcement may conduct at the scene of the accident.
Section one provides the legislative intent.
Section two provides that this act shall be known as "Evan's law."
Section three amends section 215 of the vehicle and traffic law,
regarding rules and regulations of the Department of Motor Vehicles,
by adding to new subdivisions (d) and (e). Subdivision (d) requires
the commissioner, jointly with the commissioner of criminal justice
services, to promulgate rules and regulations necessary to implement
provisions of § 1225-e, relating to field testing of mobile telephones
and portable electronic devices. Subdivision (e) requires the
commissioner to conduct a public education campaign relating to the
field testing of mobile telephones and portable electronic devices,
and the implied consent to such testing of any person operating a
motor vehicle in the state. The campaign shall include information
pamphlets provided with each application for a learner's permit or
driver's license, and each renewal thereof.
Section four amends section 503 of the vehicle and traffic law,
regarding the period of validity of drivers' licenses, learners'
permits and applications, to state that if a driver's license is
revoked pursuant to the provisions of § 1225-e of the vehicle and
traffic law such driver must pay a fee of $100 for the issuance of a
Section five amends paragraph (a) of subdivision 2 of section 511 of
the vehicle and traffic law, regarding operation while license or
privilege is suspended or revoked; aggravated unlicensed operation, to
add a new paragraph (v) which states that a person is guilty of
aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle in the second
degree when such person commits the offense of aggravated unlicensed
operation of a motor vehicle in the third degree, and the suspension
and revocation is based upon refusal to surrender a mobile telephone
or portable electronic device for field testing pursuant to § 1225-e
Section six amends the vehicle and traffic law by adding a new section
1225-e regarding field testing of mobile telephones and portable
electronic devices. Subdivision 1 defines the following terms:
*Paragraph (a) defines "field testing" to mean the use of an
electronic scanning device to determine whether or not the operator of
a motor vehicle was using a mobile telephone or a portable electronic
device in violation of § 1225-c (use of mobile telephones) or § 1225-
d (use of portable electronic devices) of this article. Provided that
the use of an electronic scanning device will be limited to
determining whether the operator of a motor vehicle was using a mobile
telephone or portable electronic device at or near the time of the
accident or collision which provides the grounds for such testing. No
such electronic scan shall include the content or origin of any
communication, game conducted, image or electronic data viewed on a
mobile telephone or a portable electronic device.
*Paragraph (b) defines "mobile telephone"
*Paragraph (c) defines "portable electronic device"
*Paragraph (d) defines "using"
Subdivision 2 of section six establishes that every person operating a
motor vehicle that has been involved in an accident or collision
involving damage to real or personal property, personal injury or
death, and who has in his or her possession at or near the time of
such accident or collision a mobile telephone or personal electronic
device must submit, at the request of the police officer, his or her
mobile telephone or personal electronic device to the police officer
solely for the purpose of field testing such device.
Paragraph (a) of subdivision 3 of section six establishes that every
person who operates a motor vehicle in the state shall be deemed to
have given consent to field testing of his or her mobile telephone
and/or personal electronic device for the purpose of determining the
use thereof while operating a motor vehicle. Furthermore, paragraph
(b) subparagraph (1) establishes that refusal to submit a mobile
telephone or personal electronic device to the field testing will
result in the revocation of the driver's license or permit. The police
officer will inform the driver that the person's license or permit to
drive and any non-resident operating privilege shall be immediately
suspended and subsequently revoked should the driver refuse to
acquiesce to such field test. Should the driver refuse such field
test, the test will not be conducted and a written report of such
refusal will be immediately made by the police officer before whom the
refusal was made. Subparagraph (2) establishes that the report of the
police officer shall set forth the grounds to believe that the person
was in use of his or her mobile telephone or personal electronic
device at the time of the accident, that the person refused the field
test and that no field test was performed. The report must be
transmitted to the commissioner by the police officer within 48 hours
of the refusal. Subparagraph (3) establishes that a person charged
with a violation of § 1225-c or § 1225-d, upon the basis of such
written report, will temporarily have his or her license or permit
suspended by the court without notice pending the determination of a
hearing. Subparagraph (4) states that the court or commissioner shall
provide such person with a scheduled hearing date, a waiver form and
such other information as may be required by the commissioner.
Paragraph (c) establishes that any person whose license or permit to
drive or any non-resident operating privilege has been suspended
pursuant to paragraph (b) of this subdivision is entitled to a
hearing. Should the department fail to provide for such hearing 15
days after the receipt of a report of refusal, the license or permit
shall be reinstated pending a hearing.  Paragraph (d) subparagraph (1)
establishes that any license revoked under this subdivision shall not
be restored for at least one year after such revocation, provided
however that where a person has had a prior license revocation
resulting from refusal to surrender to field testing within five years
immediately preceding the date of such revocation, such license will
not be restored for at least eighteen months after the revocation.
Subparagraph (2) of paragraph (d) states that any person whose license
has been revoked pursuant to the provisions of this section shall also
be liable for a civil penalty of $500, except where the revocation is
a second or subsequent revocation within a five-year period the civil
penalty shall be $750.  Paragraph (t) states that evidence of a
refusal to submit to field testing shall be admissible in any trial,
proceeding or hearing but only upon a showing that the person was
given sufficient warning, in clear and unequivocal language of the
effect of such refusal, and the person persisted in the refusal.
Paragraph (g) states that upon request the person who surrendered his
or her mobile telephone and/or personal electronic device for field
testing the results shall be made available to such person.
Subdivision 4 of section six states that no person may refuse a field
test when a court order for such testing has been issued, and details
the proper procedures for an application for a court order to compel
surrender of a mobile telephone and/or portable electronic device
solely for the purpose of field testing.
Section seven amends section 837 of the executive law, regarding the
functions, powers and duties of the division of criminal justice
services, to add a new subdivision 21 to empower the commissioner to
promulgate rules and regulations necessary to implement the provisions
of § 1225-e of the vehicle and traffic law.
Evan Lieberman was a nineteen-year-old college freshman when he was
tragically killed in a motor vehicle accident caused by a distracted
driver. The cause of the accident however, was only discovered after
Evan's family subpoenaed the driver's cell phone records, since police
rarely examine mobile devices following an accident. In this case, the
phone was not even removed from the car, leaving essential evidence
sitting in a junk yard for weeks following his death. Evan's tragic
story sheds much needed light on the inability of law enforcement to
adequately enforce the 2001 ban placed on handheld mobile device use
Distracted driving is the leading cause of accidents among young
drivers, and has led to a significant increase in overall accidents
among drivers of all ages. The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention reported that every day in this country nine people are
killed, and more than 1,153 are injured, in accidents involving a
distracted driver. This roughly equates to one in five accidents per
year caused by distracted driving, and the problem only continues to
escalate. The cost associated with distracted driving is astronomical.
crashes caused by distracted driving cost the United States
approximately $175 billion per year, this is roughly $148 per every
American. With sixty-seven percent of drivers reportedly still using
their cell phones despite knowledge of the risk to themselves and
other drivers, it is imperative that we tackle this issue before it
claims more innocent lives.
This bill provides law enforcement with a long overdue mechanism to
evaluate cell phone use at the scene of an accident. It authorizes the
use of available technology, which directly connects to the mobile
device to determine whether it was in use at the time of the accident
or immediately prior to its occurrence. This bill embodies the type of
legislation called for by Justice Alito in the recent Supreme Court
case, Riley v. California, where the court held that a warrant is
required to search the contents of a cell phone incident to an arrest.
In his concurring opinion, Justice Alito stated that Congress or state
legislatures may "after assessing the legitimate needs of law
enforcement and the privacy interests of cell phone owners, enact
legislation that draws reasonable distinctions based on categories of
information or perhaps other variables." This bill accomplishes just
that. The equipment only has the capacity to determine whether the
phone was in use at the time of the accident, and will not invade
personal privacy by evaluating the personal content contained on the
Countless authorities have found that distracted driving is as
dangerous, if not more so than driving while intoxicated. However,
there is a great disparity in how these offenses are handled and
punished under the law. It is for the safety and welfare of every New
York resident to establish parity between these two offenses, and
change the public perception around cell phone use while driving.
Only by passing Evan's law can we hope to end the senseless loss of
life that continues to plague our nation.
2016: S6325-A, reported from Transportation and committed to Finance
This act shall take effect immediately, except that sections three,
four and five of this act shall take effect two years after this act
S2306 - Bill Text download pdf
Introduced  by  Sens.  MURPHY,  AVELLA,  RANZENHOFER  --  read twice and
LBD02344-01-7
S. 2306                             2
(E) THE COMMISSIONER SHALL CONDUCT A PUBLIC EDUCATION CAMPAIGN  RELAT-
ING  TO  THE  FIELD TESTING OF MOBILE TELEPHONES AND PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
A MOTOR VEHICLE IN THIS STATE. SUCH CAMPAIGN SHALL  INCLUDE  INFORMATION
§  4. Paragraph (h) of subdivision 2 of section 503 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as amended by section 1 of part PP of  chapter  59  of  the
(h)  An  applicant whose driver's license has been revoked pursuant to
(i) section five hundred ten of this title, (ii) section eleven  hundred
ninety-three  of  this chapter, [and] (iii) section eleven hundred nine-
ty-four of this chapter, AND (IV) SECTION TWELVE  HUNDRED  TWENTY-FIVE-E
OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  shall,  upon  application for issuance of a driver's
license, pay to the commissioner a fee of one hundred dollars. When  the
basis  for  the revocation is a finding of driving after having consumed
alcohol  pursuant  to  the  provisions   of   section   eleven   hundred
S. 2306                             3
S. 2306                             4
S. 2306                             5
S. 2306                             6
S. 2306                             7
S2306A - Details
S2306A - Summary
S2306A - Sponsor Memo
BILL NUMBER: S2306A
relation to the field testing of mobile telephones and portable elec-
tronic devices after a motor vehicle accident or collision involving
The purpose of this bill is to increase enforcement of existing prohibi-
tions on the use of mobile telephones and/or personal electronic devices
while driving through the creation of a field test that law enforcement
may conduct at the scene of the accident.
Section three amends section 215 of the vehicle and traffic law, regard-
ing rules and regulations of the Department of Motor Vehicles, by adding
to new subdivisions (d) and (e). Subdivision (d) requires the commis-
sioner, jointly with the commissioner of criminal justice services, to
promulgate rules and regulations necessary to implement provisions of §
1225-e, relating to field testing of mobile telephones and portable
electronic devices. Subdivision (e) requires the commissioner to conduct
a public education campaign relating to the field testing of mobile
telephones and portable electronic devices, and the implied consent to
such testing of any person operating a motor vehicle in the state. The
campaign shall include information pamphlets provided with each applica-
tion for a learner's permit or driver's license, and each renewal there-
Section four amends section 503 of the vehicle and traffic law, regard-
ing the period of validity of drivers' licenses, learners' permits and
applications, to state that if a driver's license is revoked pursuant to
the provisions of § 1225-e of the vehicle and traffic law such driver
must pay a fee of $100 for the issuance of a driver's license.
Section five amends paragraph (a) of subdivision 2 of section 511 of the
vehicle and traffic law, regarding operation while license or privilege
is suspended or revoked; aggravated unlicensed operation, to add a new
paragraph (v) which states that a person is guilty of aggravated unli-
censed operation of a motor vehicle in the second degree when such
person commits the offense of aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor
vehicle in the third degree, and the suspension and revocation is based
upon refusal to surrender a mobile telephone or portable electronic
device for field testing pursuant to § 1225-e of this chapter.
1225-e regarding field testing of mobile telephones and portable elec-
tronic devices. Subdivision 1 defines the following terms:
- Paragraph (a) defines "field testing" to mean the use of an electronic
scanning device to determine whether or not the operator of a motor
vehicle was using a mobile telephone or a portable electronic device in
violation of § 1225-c (use of mobile telephones) or § 1225- d (use of
portable electronic devices) of this article.  Provided that the use of
an electronic scanning device will be limited to determining whether the
operator of a motor vehicle was using a mobile telephone or portable
electronic device at or near the time of the accident or collision which
provides the grounds for such testing. No such electronic scan shall
include the content or origin of any communication, game conducted,
image or electronic data viewed on a mobile telephone or a portable
- Paragraph (b) defines "mobile telephone"
- Paragraph (c) defines "portable electronic device"
- Paragraph (d) defines "using"
motor vehicle that has been involved in an accident or collision involv-
ing damage to real or personal property, personal injury or death, and
who has in his or her possession at or near the time of such accident or
collision a mobile telephone or personal electronic device must submit,
at the request of the police officer, his or her mobile telephone or
personal electronic device to the police officer solely for the purpose
of field testing such device.
person who operates a motor vehicle in the state shall be deemed to have
given consent to field testing of his or her mobile telephone and/or
personal electronic device for the purpose of determining the use there-
of while operating a motor vehicle. Furthermore, paragraph (b) subpara-
graph (1) establishes that refusal to submit a mobile telephone or
personal electronic device to the field testing will result in the revo-
cation of the driver's license or permit. The police officer will inform
the driver that the person's license or permit to drive and any non-re-
sident operating privilege shall be immediately suspended and subse-
quently revoked should the driver refuse to acquiesce to such field
test. Should the driver refuse such field test, the test will not be
conducted and a written report of such refusal will be immediately made
by the police officer before whom the refusal was made. Subparagraph (2)
establishes that the report of the police officer shall set forth the
grounds to believe that the person was in use of his or her mobile tele-
phone or personal electronic device at the time of the accident, that
the person refused the field test and that no field test was performed.
The report must be transmitted to the commissioner by the police officer
within 48 hours of the refusal. Subparagraph (3) establishes that a
person charged with a violation of § 1225-c or § 1225-d, upon the basis
of such written report, will temporarily have his or her license or
permit suspended by the court without notice pending the determination
of a hearing. Subparagraph (4) states that the court or commissioner
shall provide such person with a scheduled hearing date, a waiver form
and such other information as may be required by the commissioner. Para-
graph (c) establishes that any person whose license or permit to drive
or any non-resident operating privilege has been suspended pursuant to
paragraph (b) of this subdivision is entitled to a hearing. Should the
department fail to provide for such hearing 15 days after the receipt of
a report of refusal, the license or permit shall be reinstated pending a
hearing.  Paragraph (d) subparagraph (1) establishes that any license
revoked under this subdivision shall not be restored for at least one
year after such revocation, provided however that where a person has had
a prior license revocation resulting from refusal to surrender to field
testing within five years immediately preceding the date of such revoca-
tion, such license will not be restored for at least eighteen months
after the revocation. Subparagraph (2) of paragraph (d) states that any
person whose license has been revoked pursuant to the provisions of this
section shall also be liable for a civil penalty of $500, except where
the revocation is a second or subsequent revocation within a five-year
period the civil penalty shall be $750.  Paragraph (f) states that
evidence of a refusal to submit to field testing shall be admissible in
any trial, proceeding or hearing but only upon a showing that the person
was given sufficient warning, in clear and unequivocal language of the
effect of such refusal, and the person persisted in the refusal. Para-
graph (g) states that upon request the person who surrendered his or her
mobile telephone and/or personal electronic device for field testing the
results shall be made available to such person.
surrender of a mobile telephone and/or portable electronic device solely
for the purpose of field testing.
Distracted driving is the leading cause of accidents among young driv-
ers, and has led to a significant increase in overall accidents among
drivers of all ages. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
reported that every day in this country nine people are killed, and more
than 1,153 are injured, in accidents involving a distracted driver. This
roughly equates to one in five accidents per year caused by distracted
driving, and the problem only continues to escalate. The cost associated
with distracted driving is astronomical. The National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration estimates that crashes caused by distracted driv-
ing cost the United States approximately $175 billion per year, this is
roughly $148 per every American. With sixty-seven percent of drivers
reportedly still using their cell phones despite knowledge of the risk
to themselves and other drivers, it is imperative that we tackle this
issue before it claims more innocent lives.
device to determine whether it was in use at the time of the accident or
immediately prior to its occurrence. This bill embodies the type of
legislatures may "after assessing the legitimate needs of law enforce-
ment and the privacy interests of cell phone owners, enact legislation
that draws reasonable distinctions based on categories of information or
perhaps other variables." This bill accomplishes just that. The equip-
ment only has the capacity to determine whether the phone was in use at
the time of the accident, and will not invade personal privacy by evalu-
ating the personal content contained on the device.
Countless authorities have found that distracted driving is as danger-
ous, if not more so than driving while intoxicated. However, there is a
great disparity in how these offenses are handled and punished under the
law. It is for the safety and welfare of every New York resident to
establish parity between these two offenses, and change the public
perception around cell phone use while driving.  Only by passing Evan's
law can we hope to end the senseless loss of life that continues to
plague our nation.
2016: S6325-A
This act shall take effect immediately, except that sections three, four
and five of this act shall take effect two years after this act shall
S2306A - Bill Text download pdf
2306--A
Introduced  by  Sens. MURPHY, AVELLA, BONACIC, GRIFFO, JACOBS, KAMINSKY,
KENNEDY, KLEIN, PHILLIPS, RANZENHOFER, ROBACH, VALESKY --  read  twice
LBD02344-02-8
S. 2306--A                          2
§  2. Short title. This act shall be known and may be cited as "Evan's
§ 3. Section 215 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended  by  adding
S. 2306--A                          3
S. 2306--A                          4
S. 2306--A                          5
S. 2306--A                          6
S. 2306--A                          7
S2306B (ACTIVE) - Details
S2306B (ACTIVE) - Summary
S2306B (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo
BILL NUMBER: S2306B
executive law, in relation to the field testing of mobile telephones and
portable electronic devices after a motor vehicle accident or collision
involving damage to real or personal property, personal injury or death
Section 1 - Sets forth the Legislative intent.
Section 2 - Sets for the short title to be known as "Evan's Law."
Section 3 - Section 215 of the Vehicle and Traffic Law is amended by
adding two new subdivisions requiring the Commissioner and Commissioner
of Justice Services to promulgate and implement any rules, regulations,
procedures or public education campaigns to create an opt-in program for
field testing mobile telephones and or portable electronic devices by
police at the site of accidents.
Section 4 - Section four amends section 503 of the Vehicle and Traffic
Law to state that if a person has their license revoked under provisions
of Section 1225-e of the Vehicle and Traffic Law such driver must pay a
fee of $100 for the issuance of a driver's license.
Section 5 is amended to create a new subparagraph (v) of paragraph (a)
of subdivision 2 of section 511 of the Vehicle and Traffic Law to
include the suspension or revocation is based upon refusal to surrender
a mobile telephone or portable electronic device for field testing
pursuant to section 1225-e of this chapter.
Section 6 - The Vehicle and Traffic Law is amended to create definitions
for terms to be used in this new section 1225-e and rules and procedures
to be followed regarding the field testing of mobile telephones and
portable electronic devices with an electronic scanning device by police
Section 7 - Section 837 of the Executive Law is amended by adding a new
subdivision 22 to mandate that any rules or regulations needed to be
promulgated related to the new section 1225-e will be established by the
Commissioner along with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles including the
approval of reliable and accurate electronic scanning devices.
Section 8 - Sets forth the effective date.
Distracted driving is deadly. Nearly 20,000 people were killed in cras-
hes involving distracted drivers from 2011 through 2016 (the most recent
year available), according to National Highway Traffic Safety Adminis-
tration (NHTSA) data. In 2011, Evan Lieberman was one of those victims.
The 19-year-old college freshman was a backseat passenger of his
friend's vehicle when it was involved in a head-on crash. The driver, it
was later discovered, was texting while driving. Evan's parents obtained
the driver's cellphone records through a civil suit filed against him.
While New York State has a distracted driving law that bans using a
handheld electronic mobile device while driving, there is no protocol
for law enforcement to determine whether a driver caused a crash because
he or she was using their phone. This makes it difficult for law
enforcement to enforce the law unless they see the driver actively using
a mobile device or they ask the driver and get a confession. With
NHTSA's estimate of 481,000 U.S. drivers using handheld phone at any
moment during the day, law enforcement officials need a better way to
enforce distracted driving laws.
This bill would allow local police departments to field test electronic
scanning devices to determine whether the operator of a motor vehicle
was using a mobile telephone or a portable electronic device in
violation of the Vehicle and Traffic law. Participation in field testing
of mobile telephones and portable electronic devices using an electronic
scanning device shall be optional for police departments.
S2306B (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf
2306--B
Introduced  by  Sens.  MURPHY, BONACIC, BOYLE, GRIFFO, JACOBS, KAMINSKY,
KENNEDY, KLEIN,  MARCHIONE,  PHILLIPS,  RANZENHOFER,  ROBACH,  SAVINO,
LBD02344-04-8
S. 2306--B                          2
ING  FIELD TESTING. THE RULES AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED BY THE COMMIS-
SIONER SHALL NOT REQUIRE ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT  TO  PURCHASE  ELECTRONIC
SCANNING  DEVICES  FOR  FIELD TESTING. PARTICIPATION IN FIELD TESTING OF
S. 2306--B                          3
S. 2306--B                          4
S. 2306--B                          5
S. 2306--B                          6
S. 2306--B                          7
RECORDING DEVICE OR A STENOGRAPHIC RECORD MADE, THE JUDGE MUST HAVE  THE
RECORD  TRANSCRIBED,  CERTIFY  TO  THE ACCURACY OF THE TRANSCRIPTION AND
FILE THE ORIGINAL RECORD AND TRANSCRIPTION WITH THE COURT WITHIN  SEVEN-
TY-TWO  HOURS OF THE ISSUANCE OF THE COURT ORDER.  IF THE LONGHAND NOTES
ARE TAKEN, THE JUDGE SHALL SUBSCRIBE A COPY AND FILE IT WITH  THE  COURT
ORDER REQUIRING THE PERSON TO SURRENDER HIS OR HER MOBILE  TELEPHONE  OR
PORTABLE  ELECTRONIC  DEVICE  FOR  THE  PURPOSE OF FIELD TESTING. WHEN A
JUDGE OR JUSTICE DETERMINES TO ISSUE AN ORDER TO COMPEL SURRENDER  OF  A
MOBILE  TELEPHONE OR PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR THE PURPOSE OF FIELD
TESTING BASED ON AN  ORAL  APPLICATION,  THE  APPLICANT  THEREFOR  SHALL
PREPARE  THE  ORDER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE JUDGE OR
JUSTICE. IN ALL CASES THE ORDER SHALL INCLUDE THE NAME  OF  THE  ISSUING
JUDGE  OR  JUSTICE,  THE NAME OF THE APPLICANT, AND THE DATE AND TIME IT
WAS ISSUED. IT MUST BE SIGNED BY THE  JUDGE  OR  JUSTICE  IF  ISSUED  IN
§  7.  Section  837  of  the  executive law is amended by adding a new
22. ACTING BY AND THROUGH  THE  COMMISSIONER,  TO,  JOINTLY  WITH  THE
COMMISSIONER  OF  MOTOR  VEHICLES, PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS, AND
TAKE ANY OTHER ACTION NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THE PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION
ACTIONS  SHALL  INCLUDE THE TESTING AND DETERMINATION OF THE RELIABILITY
THE COMMISSIONER AND COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES SHALL APPROVE  ELEC-
TRONIC  SCANNING DEVICES WHICH ARE RELIABLE AND ACCURATE FOR THE PURPOSE
§ 8. This act shall take  effect  immediately,  except  that  sections
four,  five  and  six of this act shall take effect two years after this