Source: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/04/27/2020-08403/air-plan-approval-wisconsin-redesignation-of-the-inland-sheboygan-wi-area-to-attainment-of-the-2008
Timestamp: 2020-07-13 20:36:55
Document Index: 388771903

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 50', 'art 58', 'art 50', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 58', 'art 93', 'art 51', 'art 51']

85 FR 23274
23274-23287 (14 pages)
FRL-10008-33-Region 5
A. Has the Inland Sheboygan area attained the 2008 ozone NAAQS?
B. Has Wisconsin met all applicable requirements of section 110 and part D of the CAA for the Inland Sheboygan area, and does Wisconsin have a fully approved SIP for the area under section 110(k) of the CAA?
1. Wisconsin Has Met All Applicable Requirements of Section 110 and Part D of the CAA Applicable to the Inland Sheboygan Area for Purposes of Redesignation
2. The Inland Sheboygan Area Has a Fully Approved SIP for Purposes of Redesignation Under Section 110(k) of the CAA
C. Are the air quality improvements in the Inland Sheboygan area due to permanent and enforceable emission reductions?
D. Does Wisconsin have a fully approvable ozone maintenance plan for the Inland Sheboygan area?
2. Has the state documented maintenance of the ozone standard in the Inland Sheboygan area?
5. What is the contingency plan for the Inland Sheboygan area?
https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2020-08403
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to find that the Inland Sheboygan County, Wisconsin area is attaining the 2008 primary and secondary ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and to act in accordance with a request from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) to redesignate the area to attainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS because the request meets the statutory requirements for redesignation under the Clean Air Act (CAA). WDNR submitted this request on October 9, 2019. EPA is proposing to approve, as a revision to the Wisconsin State Implementation Plan (SIP), the State's plan for maintaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS through 2030 in the Inland Sheboygan area. EPA finds adequate and is proposing to approve Wisconsin's 2020 and 2030 volatile organic compound (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets (MVEBs) for the Inland Sheboygan area. Finally, EPA is proposing to approve the Wisconsin SIP as meeting the applicable base year inventory requirement, emission statement requirements, VOC Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) requirements, motor vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program requirements, and NOX RACT requirements.
Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R05-OAR-2019-0557 at http://www.regulations.gov, or via email to aburano.douglas@epa.gov. For comments submitted at Regulations.gov, follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. For either manner of submission, EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of the primary submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or other file sharing system). For additional submission methods, please contact the person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section. For the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/​dockets/​commenting-epa-dockets.
VI. Base year emissions inventory.
VII. Emissions statement.
VIII. Motor vehicle I/M.
IX. VOC RACT.
X. NOX RACT.
XIII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews.
EPA is proposing to take several related actions. EPA is proposing to determine that the Inland Sheboygan nonattainment area is attaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS, based on quality-assured and certified monitoring data for 2017-2019, and that the Inland Sheboygan area has met the requirements for Start Printed Page 23275redesignation under section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA. EPA is thus proposing to change the legal designation of the Inland Sheboygan area from nonattainment to attainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. EPA is also proposing to approve, as a revision to the Wisconsin SIP, the State's maintenance plan (such approval being one of the CAA criteria for redesignation to attainment status) for the area. The maintenance plan is designed to keep the Inland Sheboygan area in attainment of the 2008 ozone NAAQS through 2030. EPA is also proposing to approve, as revisions to the Wisconsin SIP, the State's 2011 base year emissions inventory, emission statement certification, VOC RACT requirements, motor vehicle I/M certification, and NOX RACT certification. EPA also finds adequate and is proposing to approve the newly established 2020 and 2030 MVEBs for the Inland Sheboygan area.
On March 1, 2011, EPA determined that the Sheboygan nonattainment area had attained the 1997 ozone NAAQS (76 FR 11080). Since that determination, the area has continued to attain the 1997 ozone NAAQS, and the area retains its Moderate classification. On December 19, 2016, EPA reclassified the Sheboygan nonattainment area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS as Moderate with an attainment date of July 20, 2018 (81 FR 91841).
For redesignation of a nonattainment area to attainment, the CAA requires EPA to determine that the area has attained the applicable NAAQS (CAA section 107(d)(3)(E)(i)). An area is attaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 50.15 and appendix P of part 50, based on three complete, consecutive calendar years of quality-assured air quality data for all monitoring sites in the area. To attain the NAAQS, the 3-year average of the annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations (ozone design values) at each monitor must not exceed 0.075 ppm. The air quality data must be collected and quality-assured in Start Printed Page 23276accordance with 40 CFR part 58 and recorded in EPA's Air Quality System (AQS). Ambient air quality monitoring data for the 3-year period must also meet data completeness requirements. An ozone design value is valid if daily maximum 8-hour average concentrations are available for at least 90% of the days within the ozone monitoring seasons,[2] on average, for the 3-year period, with a minimum data completeness of 75% during the ozone monitoring season of any year during the 3-year period. See section 2.3 of appendix P to 40 CFR part 50.
EPA has reviewed the available ozone monitoring data from the Sheboygan Haven monitor, which is the only monitoring site in the Inland Sheboygan area. These data are from the 3-year period from 2017-2019, which is the most recent 3-year period available. These data have been quality assured, are recorded in the AQS, and have been certified. These data demonstrate that the Inland Sheboygan area is attaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS. The annual fourth-highest 8-hour ozone concentrations and the 3-year average of these concentrations (monitoring site ozone design value) for the monitoring site are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1—Annual Fourth-Highest Daily Maximum 8-Hour Ozone Concentrations and 3-Year Average of the Fourth-Highest Daily Maximum 8-Hour Ozone Concentrations for the Inland Sheboygan Area
Inland Sheboygan County, WI Sheboygan Haven (55-117-0009) 2017 100 0.070 0.066
2018 100 0.070
2019 100 0.059
The Inland Sheboygan area's 3-year ozone design value for 2017-2019 is 0.066 ppm, which meets the 2008 ozone NAAQS. Therefore, in this action, EPA proposes to determine that the Inland Sheboygan area is attaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
EPA will not take final action to determine that the Inland Sheboygan area is attaining the NAAQS nor to approve the redesignation of this area if the design value of a monitoring site in the area violates the NAAQS after proposal but prior to final approval of the redesignation. Preliminary 2020 data to date indicate that this area continues to attain the 2008 ozone NAAQS. As discussed in section IV.D.3. below, WDNR has committed to continue monitoring ozone in this area to verify maintenance of the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
As criteria for redesignation of an area from nonattainment to attainment of a NAAQS, the CAA requires EPA to determine that the state has met all applicable requirements under section 110 and part D of title I of the CAA (see section 107(d)(3)(E)(v) of the CAA) and that the state has a fully approved SIP under section 110(k) of the CAA (see section 107(d)(3)(E)(ii) of the CAA). We are proposing to determine that Wisconsin has met all currently applicable SIP requirements for purposes of redesignation of the Inland Sheboygan area to attainment of the 2008 ozone standard under section 110 and part D of the CAA, in accordance with section 107(d)(3)(E)(v). Additionally, with the exception of the base year emissions inventory requirement of section 182(a)(1) of the CAA, the emissions statement requirement of section 182(a)(3)(B) of the CAA, the VOC RACT requirements of section 182(b)(2) of the CAA, the I/M requirements of section 182(b)(4) of the CAA, and the NOX RACT requirements of section 182(f) of the CAA, EPA finds that all applicable requirements of the Wisconsin SIP for the area, for purposes of redesignation, have been fully approved under section 110(k) of the CAA. As discussed in sections VI. through X. below, EPA is proposing to approve Wisconsin's base year emissions inventory, emissions statement, motor vehicle I/M, VOC RACT, and NOX RACT SIP submissions as meeting the Moderate RACT requirements of section 182(b)(2) of the CAA for the Inland Sheboygan area under the 2008 ozone NAAQS. Upon final approval of these SIP elements, all applicable requirements of the Wisconsin SIP for the area will have been fully approved under section 110(k) of the CAA.
In making these determinations, EPA ascertained which CAA requirements are applicable to the Inland Sheboygan area and the Wisconsin SIP and, if applicable, whether the required Wisconsin SIP elements are fully approved under section 110(k) and part D of the CAA. As discussed more fully below, SIPs must be fully approved only with respect to currently applicable requirements of the CAA.
Since EPA is proposing to determine that the Inland Sheboygan area has attained the 2008 ozone standard, under 40 CFR 51.1118, if that determination is finalized, the requirements to submit certain planning SIPs related to attainment, including attainment demonstration requirements (the Start Printed Page 23277Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) requirement of section 172(c)(1) of the CAA, the Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) and attainment demonstration requirements of sections 172(c)(2) and (6) and 182(b)(1) of the CAA, and the requirement for contingency measures of section 172(c)(9) of the CAA) would not be applicable to the area as long as it continues to attain the NAAQS and would cease to apply upon redesignation. In addition, in the context of redesignations, EPA has interpreted requirements related to attainment as not applicable for purposes of redesignation. For example, in the General Preamble EPA stated that:
The Inland Sheboygan area was initially classified as Marginal and then reclassified as Moderate under subpart 2 for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. As such, the area is subject to the subpart 1 requirements contained in section 172(c) and section 176. Similarly, the area is subject to the subpart 2 requirements contained in sections 182(a) and (b) (Marginal and Moderate nonattainment area requirements). A thorough discussion of the requirements contained in section 172(c) and 182 can be found in the General Preamble for Implementation of Title I (57 FR 13498).
Section 172(c)(1) requires the plans for all nonattainment areas to provide for the implementation of all RACM as expeditiously as practicable and to provide for attainment of the primary NAAQS. Under this requirement, a state must consider all available control measures, including reductions that are available from adopting RACT on existing sources. Because attainment has been reached in the Inland Sheboygan area, no additional measures are needed to provide for attainment and section 172(c)(1) requirements are no longer considered to be applicable, as long as the area continues to attain the standard until redesignation. See 40 CFR 51.1118.Start Printed Page 23278
Section 172(c)(4) requires the identification and quantification of allowable emissions for major new and modified stationary sources in an area, and section 172(c)(5) requires source permits for the construction and operation of new and modified major stationary sources anywhere in the nonattainment area. EPA approved Wisconsin's NSR program on October 6, 2014 (79 FR 160064) and February 7, 2017 (82 FR 9515). However, EPA has determined that, since PSD requirements will apply after redesignation, areas being redesignated need not comply with the requirement that a NSR program be approved prior to redesignation, provided that the area demonstrates maintenance of the NAAQS without part D NSR. A more detailed rationale for this view is described in a memorandum from Mary Nichols, Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, dated October 14, 1994, entitled, “Part D New Source Review Requirements for Areas Requesting Redesignation to Attainment.” Wisconsin has demonstrated that the Inland Sheboygan area will be able to maintain the standard without part D NSR in effect; therefore, EPA concludes that the state need not have a fully approved part D NSR program prior to approval of the redesignation request. See rulemakings for Detroit, Michigan (60 FR 12467-12468, March 7, 1995); Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, Ohio (61 FR 20458, 20469-20470, May 7, 1996); Louisville, Kentucky (66 FR 53665, October 23, 2001); and Grand Rapids, Michigan (61 FR 31834-31837, June 21, 1996). Wisconsin's PSD program will become effective in the Inland Sheboygan area upon redesignation to attainment. EPA approved Wisconsin's PSD program on January 22, 2003 (68 FR 2909) and February 25, 2010 (75 FR 8496).
Section 172(c)(9) requires the SIP to provide for the implementation of contingency measures if the area fails to make reasonably further progress or to attain the NAAQS by the attainment deadline. With respect to contingency measures for failure to attain the NAAQS by the attainment deadline, this requirement is not relevant for purposes of redesignation because the Inland Sheboygan area has demonstrated monitored attainment of the 2008 ozone NAAQS. (General Preamble, 57 FR 13564). See also 40 CFR 51.1118.
EPA interprets the conformity SIP requirements as not applying for purposes of evaluating a redesignation request under section 107(d), because state conformity rules are still required after redesignation and Federal conformity rules apply where state conformity rules have not been approved.[4] See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001) (upholding this interpretation); see also 60 FR 62748 (December 7, 1995) (redesignation of Tampa, Florida). Nonetheless, Wisconsin has an approved conformity SIP for the Inland Sheboygan area. See 79 FR 10995 (February 27, 2014).
Section 182(a)(1) requires states to submit a comprehensive, accurate, and current inventory of actual emissions from sources of VOC and NOX emitted within the boundaries of the ozone nonattainment area. EPA approved Wisconsin's base year emissions inventory for the entirety of Sheboygan County on March 7, 2016 (81 FR 11673). In its October 9, 2019 submittal, WDNR requested that EPA replace the previously approved 2011 inventory for all of Sheboygan County with a 2011 base year emissions inventory for the Inland Sheboygan area. This inventory is discussed below in section IV.C.2. and VI. of this proposed rule. EPA is proposing to approve the inventory for the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2011 nonattainment year as meeting the section 182(a)(1) base year inventory requirement.
Under section 182(a)(2)(A), states with ozone nonattainment areas that were designated prior to the enactment of the 1990 CAA amendments were required to submit, within six months of classification, all rules and corrections to existing VOC RACT rules that were required under section 172(b)(3) prior to the 1990 CAA amendments. The Inland Sheboygan area is not subject to the section 182(a)(2) RACT “fix up” requirement for the 2008 ozone NAAQS because it was designated as nonattainment for this standard after the enactment of the 1990 CAA amendments and because Wisconsin complied with this requirement for the Inland Sheboygan area under the prior 1-hour ozone NAAQS. See 59 FR 41709 (August 15, 1994) and 60 FR 20643 (April 27, 1995).
Section 182(a)(2)(B) requires each state with a Marginal ozone nonattainment area that implemented or was required to implement a vehicle I/M program prior to the 1990 CAA amendments to submit a SIP revision for an I/M program no less stringent than that required prior to the 1990 CAA amendments or already in the SIP at the time of the CAA amendments, whichever is more stringent. For the purposes of the 2008 ozone standard and the consideration of Wisconsin's redesignation request for this standard, the Inland Sheboygan area is not subject to the section 182(a)(2)(B) requirement because the area was designated as nonattainment for the 2008 ozone standard after the enactment of the 1990 CAA amendments and because Wisconsin complied with this requirement for the Inland Sheboygan Start Printed Page 23279area under the prior 1-hour ozone NAAQS.
Section 182(a)(3) requires states to submit periodic emission inventories and a revision to the SIP to require the owners or operators of stationary sources to annually submit emission statements documenting actual VOC and NOX emissions. As discussed below in section IV.D.4. of this proposed rule, Wisconsin will continue to update its emissions inventory at least once every three years. With regard to stationary source emission statements, EPA approved Wisconsin's emission reporting program as satisfying the CAA emission statement requirement on December 6, 1993 (58 FR 64155). In a September 25, 2017 SIP submittal, WDNR certified that this approved SIP regulation remains in place and remain enforceable for the 2008 ozone standard. As discussed in section VII., below, EPA is proposing to approve Wisconsin's emission statement certification SIP as meeting the section 182(a)(3)(B) requirements of the CAA for the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
Section 182(b)(2) requires states with Moderate nonattainment areas to implement VOC RACT with respect to each of the following: (1) All sources covered by a Control Technology Guideline (CTG) document issued between November 15, 1990, and the date of attainment; (2) all sources covered by a CTG issued prior to November 15, 1990; and, (3) all other major non-CTG stationary sources. For the reasons discussed in section IX., below, EPA is proposing to find that the Wisconsin SIP meets the section 182(b)(2) Moderate RACT requirements for the Inland Sheboygan area under the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
Section 182(b)(4) requires an I/M program in each state with a Moderate ozone nonattainment area. EPA approved Wisconsin's I/M program on August 16, 2001 (66 FR 42949) and approved revisions to the program on September 19, 2013 (78 FR 57501). On September 25, 2017, WDNR submitted a SIP certifying that Wisconsin's SIP-approved I/M program meets the I/M requirements of the CAA for the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. As discussed in section VIII., below, EPA is proposing to approve Wisconsin's I/M certification SIP as meeting the I/M requirements of the CAA for the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
Regarding the source permitting and offset requirements of sections 182(a)(2)(C), 182(a)(4), and 182(b)(5), Wisconsin currently has a fully-approved part D NSR program in place. EPA approved Wisconsin's NSR SIP on January 18, 1995 (60 FR 3538) and February 7, 2017 (82 FR 9515). Further, EPA approved Wisconsin's SIP revision addressing the NSR requirements for the 2008 ozone NAAQS, on May 3, 2019 (84 FR 18989). In addition, EPA approved Wisconsin's PSD program on October 6, 2014 (79 FR 60064). The State's PSD program will become effective in the Inland Sheboygan area upon redesignation of the area to attainment.
Section 182(f) requires states with Moderate nonattainment areas to implement NOX RACT. EPA approved Wisconsin's NOX RACT SIP on October 19, 2010 (75 FR 64155). On September 25, 2017, WDNR submitted a SIP certifying that Wisconsin's SIP-approved NOX RACT rules meet the NOX RACT requirements of CAA section 182(f) for the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. As discussed in section X., below, EPA is proposing to approve Wisconsin's NOX RACT certification SIP as meeting the NOX RACT requirements of the CAA for the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
Thus, as discussed above, with approval of Wisconsin's section 182(1)(1) base year inventory requirement, section 182(a)(3)(B) emission statement requirements, section 182(b)(2) VOC RACT requirements, section 182(b)(4) I/M program requirements, and section 182(f) NOX RACT requirements, EPA finds that the Inland Sheboygan area will satisfy all applicable requirements for purposes of redesignation under section 110 and part D of title I of the CAA.
At various times, Wisconsin has adopted and submitted, and EPA has approved, provisions addressing the various SIP elements applicable for the ozone NAAQS. As discussed above, if EPA finalizes approval of Wisconsin's section 182(a)(1) base year inventory requirements, section 182(a)(3)(B) emission statement requirements, section 182(b)(2) VOC RACT requirements, section 182(b)(4) I/M program requirements, and section 182(f) NOX RACT requirements, EPA will have fully approved the Wisconsin SIP for the Inland Sheboygan area under section 110(k) for all requirements applicable for purposes of redesignation under the 2008 ozone NAAQS. EPA may rely on prior SIP approvals in approving a redesignation request (see the Calcagni memorandum at page 3; Southwestern Pennsylvania Growth Alliance v. Browner, 144 F.3d 984, 989-990 (6th Cir. 1998); Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426). Additional measures may also be approved in conjunction with a redesignation action (see 68 FR 25426 (May 12, 2003) and citations therein).
To redesignate an area from nonattainment to attainment, section 107(d)(3)(E)(iii) of the CAA requires EPA to determine that the air quality improvement in the area is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions resulting from the implementation of the SIP and applicable Federal air pollution control regulations and other permanent and enforceable emission reductions. EPA has determined that Wisconsin has demonstrated that that the observed ozone air quality improvement in the Inland Sheboygan area is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in VOC and NOX emissions resulting from state measures adopted into the SIP and Federal measures.
In making this demonstration, the State has calculated the change in emissions between 2011 and 2014. The reduction in emissions and the corresponding improvement in air quality over this time period can be attributed to several regulatory control measures that the Inland Sheboygan area and upwind areas have implemented in recent years. In addition, Wisconsin provided an analysis to demonstrate the Start Printed Page 23280improvement in air quality was not due to unusually favorable meteorology. Based on the information summarized below, EPA finds that Wisconsin has adequately demonstrated that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent and enforceable emissions reductions.
Tier 2 Emission Standards for Vehicles and Gasoline Sulfur Standards. On February 10, 2000(65 FR 6698), EPA promulgated Tier 2 motor vehicle emission standards and gasoline sulfur control requirements. These emission control requirements result in lower VOC and NOX emissions from new cars and light duty trucks, including sport utility vehicles. With respect to fuels, this rule required refiners and importers of gasoline to meet lower standards for sulfur, which were phased in between 2004 and 2006. By 2006, refiners and importers were required to meet a 30 ppm average sulfur level, with a maximum cap of 80 ppm. This reduction in fuel sulfur content ensures the effectiveness of low emission-control technologies. The Tier 2 tailpipe standards established in this rule were phased in for new vehicles between 2004 and 2009. EPA estimates that, when fully implemented, this rule will cut NOX and VOC emissions from light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks by approximately 76% and 28%, respectively. NOX and VOC reductions from medium-duty passenger vehicles included as part of the Tier 2 vehicle program are estimated to be approximately 37,000 and 9,500 tons per year, respectively, when fully implemented. As projected by these estimates and demonstrated in the on-road emission modeling for the Inland Sheboygan area, the majority of these emission reductions occurred by the attainment years and additional emission reductions will occur throughout the maintenance period, as remaining older vehicles are replaced with newer, compliant model years.
Tier 3 Emission Standards for Vehicles and Gasoline Sulfur Standards. On April 28, 2014 (79 FR 23414), EPA promulgated Tier 3 motor vehicle emission and fuel standards to reduce both tailpipe and evaporative emissions and to further reduce the sulfur content in fuels. The rule is being phased in between 2017 and 2025. Tier 3 sets new tailpipe standards for non-methane organic gases (NMOG) and NOX, presented as NMOG+NOX, and for particulate matter. The VOC and NOX tailpipe standards for light-duty vehicles represent approximately an 80% reduction from today's fleet average and a 70% reduction in per-vehicle particulate matter (PM) standards. Heavy-duty tailpipe standards represent about a 60% reduction in both fleet average VOC and NOX and per-vehicle PM standards. The evaporative emissions requirements in the rule will result in approximately a 50% reduction from previous standards and apply to all light-duty and on-road gasoline-powered heavy-duty vehicles. Finally, the rule lowered the sulfur content of gasoline to an annual average of 10 ppm by January 2017. As projected by these estimates and demonstrated in the on-road emission modeling for the Inland Sheboygan area, some of these emission reductions occurred by the attainment years and additional emission reductions will occur throughout the maintenance period, as older vehicles are replaced with newer, compliant model years.
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Rules. In July 2000, EPA issued a rule for on-road heavy-duty diesel engines that includes standards limiting the sulfur content of diesel fuel. Emissions standards for NOX, VOC and PM were phased in between model years 2007 and 2010. In addition, the rule reduced the highway diesel fuel sulfur content to 15 parts per million by 2007, leading to additional reductions in combustion NOX and VOC emissions. EPA has estimated future year emission reductions due to implementation of this rule. EPA estimated that by 2015 NOX and VOC emissions would decrease nationally by 1,260,000 tons and 54,000 tons, respectively, and that by 2030 NOX and VOC emissions will decrease nationally by 2,570,000 tons and 115,000 tons, respectively. As projected by these estimates and demonstrated in the on-road emission modeling for the Inland Start Printed Page 23281Sheboygan area, some of these emission reductions occurred by the attainment years and additional emission reductions will occur throughout the maintenance period, as older vehicles are replaced with newer, compliant model years.
Non-road Diesel Rule. On June 29, 2004 (69 FR 38958), EPA issued a rule adopting emissions standards for non-road diesel engines and sulfur reductions in non-road diesel fuel. This rule applies to diesel engines used primarily in construction, agricultural, and industrial applications. Emission standards were phased in for the 2008 through 2015 model years based on engine size. The sulfur limits for non-road diesel fuels were phased in from 2007 through 2012. EPA estimates that when fully implemented, compliance with this rule will cut NOX emissions from these non-road diesel engines by approximately 90%. As projected by these estimates and demonstrated in the non-road emission modeling for the Inland Sheboygan area, some of these emission reductions occurred by the attainment years and additional emission reductions will occur throughout the maintenance period.
Non-road Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational Engine Standards. On November 8, 2002 (67 FR 68242), EPA adopted emission standards for large spark-ignition engines such as those used in forklifts and airport ground-service equipment; recreational vehicles such as off-highway motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, and snowmobiles; and recreational marine diesel engines. These emission standards were phased in from model years 2004 through 2012. When fully implemented, EPA estimates an overall 72% reduction in national VOC emissions from these engines and an 80% reduction in national NOX emissions. As projected by these estimates and demonstrated in the non-road emission modeling for the Inland Sheboygan area, some of these emission reductions occurred by the attainment years and additional emission reductions will occur throughout the maintenance period.
Category 3 Marine Diesel Engine Standards. On April 30, 2010 (75 FR 22896), EPA issued emission standards for marine compression-ignition engines at or above 30 liters per cylinder. Tier 2 emission standards apply beginning in 2011 and are expected to result in a 15 to 25% reduction in NOX emissions from these engines. Final Tier 3 emission standards apply beginning in 2016 and are expected to result in approximately an 80% reduction in NOX from these engines. As projected by these estimates and demonstrated in the non-road emission modeling for the Inland Sheboygan area, some of these emission reductions occurred by the attainment years and additional emission reductions will occur throughout the maintenance period.
Wisconsin is using a 2011 emissions inventory as the nonattainment year. Although the Sheboygan Haven monitor in the Inland Sheboygan area was not yet operational in 2011, this is appropriate because it was one of the years used to designate the area as nonattainment due to an exceedance of the NAAQS at the Sheboygan Kohler-Andrae monitor. Wisconsin is using 2014 as the attainment year, which is appropriate because the Sheboygan Haven monitor in the Inland Sheboygan area began operating in 2014, and the monitor attained the NAAQS in the 2014 attainment year and every year thereafter.
Point source inventory. Wisconsin created the point source emission inventory using annually reported point source emissions, EPA's Clean Air Markets Division database, and approved EPA techniques for emissions calculation (e.g., emission factors) for 2011 and 2014 point source emissions from state inventory databases.
There is one EGU point source facility located in the Inland Sheboygan County area. For this facility, WDNR used the maximum daily heat input reported in EPA's Clean Air Markets Division (CAMD) database as a conservative estimate of summer day heat input during the 2011 and 2014 ozone seasons. The summer day emissions were then calculated by multiplying the maximum daily heat input by an average NOX and VOC emission rate.
Wisconsin tabulated the 2011 and 2014 emissions inventories for non-EGU point sources using the emissions data reported annually by each facility operator to the Wisconsin air emissions inventory (AEI). The AEI calculates emissions for each individual emissions unit or process line by multiplying fuel or process throughput by the appropriate emission factor that is derived from mass balance analysis, stack testing, continuous emissions monitoring, engineering analysis, or EPA's Factor Information Retrieval database. The emission calculations in the AEI also account for any operating control equipment.
Nonpoint (area) source inventory. For the 2011 nonattainment year, nonpoint source emissions inventory estimates were based on the 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) version 2, except for the residential and commercial portable fuel containers and Stage II refueling categories.[6] Emission calculation methodologies used in developing 2011 nonpoint emissions inventory are available in EPA's 2011 NEI, version 2 TSD.[7]
For the 2014 attainment year, nonpoint source emissions inventory estimates were based on the data interpolation between 2011 NEI version 2 and EPA's 2017 emissions modeling inventory, except for the Stage II refueling category. Methodologies used to develop 2017 emissions modeling inventory are available in EPA's 2011 version 6.3 emissions modeling platform.[8]
In order to obtain the area source emissions for the Inland Sheboygan County area, the whole county emission estimates were allocated to the partial county based on population data. The Sheboygan County population for 2014 was estimated by interpolating the population between 2013 and 2015 population data from the Wisconsin Department of Administration. The partial county population was identified based on the relative population of the Minor Civil Divisions in the Inland Sheboygan County area compared with the entire county. For 2011 and 2014, 48% of the county's population was estimated to live in the Inland Sheboygan County area.
The modeling inputs to MOVES include detailed transportation data (e.g., vehicle-miles of travel by vehicle class, road class and hour of day, and average speed distributions), which were provided by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
Non-road mobile source inventory. The methodology for the 2011 and 2014 non-road emissions categories were developed using EPA's MOVES2014b Start Printed Page 23282model, using the same summer day temperatures used for the on-road modeling. The model was run for Sheboygan County for the months of June, July and August. Summer day emissions were calculated by dividing the total emissions over these three months by 92 (the number of days in the three months). Emissions were then allocated from the full county to the Inland Sheboygan area based on surrogates such as population, land area and water area, depending on the category.
For commercial marine, aircraft and rail locomotive (MAR) categories, for the 2011 nonattainment year, the annual emissions estimates used for Sheboygan County are those in EPA's 2011 NEI version 2. For the 2014 attainment year, annual emissions estimates for Sheboygan County were based on the data interpolation between 2011 NEI version 2 and EPA's 2017 emissions modeling inventory.
Summer day emissions for these MAR categories were estimated by dividing the annual emissions by 365. This same value was used in EPA's 2011 version 6.3 emissions modeling platform. The allocation of the full county emissions to the Inland Sheboygan area is based on surrogates such as population, land area and water area, depending on the MAR category.
Using the inventories described above, Wisconsin's submittal documents changes in VOC and NOX emissions from 2011 to 2014 for the Inland Sheboygan area. Emissions data are shown in Table 2. Data are expressed in terms of tons per summer day (TPSD). Due to rounding, some totals may not correspond with the sum of the separate categories, and some net change amounts may not correspond with the difference of the separate years.
Table 2—NOX and VOC Emissions in the Inland Sheboygan Area for the 2011 Nonattainment Year and 2014 Attainment Year (TPSD)
Point—EGU 0.48 0.53 +0.05 0.04 0.04 0.00
Point—non-EGU 0.82 0.86 +0.04 1.10 1.10 0.00
Area 0.63 0.63 0.00 2.95 2.96 +0.01
On-road 2.60 1.90 −0.70 1.26 0.90 −0.36
Non-road 2.10 1.74 −0.36 2.29 1.92 −0.37
Total 6.62 5.66 −0.96 7.65 6.91 −0.74
As shown in Table 2, NOX and VOC emissions in the Inland Sheboygan area declined by 0.96 TPSD and 0.74 TPSD, respectively, between 2011 and 2014.
To further support Wisconsin's demonstration that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent and enforceable emission reductions and not unusually favorable meteorology, an analysis was performed by WDNR. Because the Sheboygan Haven monitor in the Inland Sheboygan area was not operational until 2014, WDNR lacks long-term meteorological data from the Sheboygan Haven site. However, in its February 11, 2020 request that EPA redesignate the Shoreline Sheboygan area, WDNR submitted a meteorological analysis based on 19 years of data collected at the Sheboygan Kohler-Andrae monitor, which is approximately 11 miles from the Haven monitor. Because data from the Sheboygan Kohler-Andrae monitor were used in the initial nonattainment designation of the area, and because this is the closest ozone monitor with sufficient data to perform a longer term analysis of ozone trends vs. meteorological indicators, this analysis is appropriate for purposes of demonstrating that the improvement in air quality in the Inland Sheboygan area is due to permanent and enforceable emissions reductions rather than favorable meteorology.
In its February 11, 2020 submittal, Wisconsin analyzed the maximum fourth-highest 8-hour ozone values for May, June, July, August, and September, for years 2001 to 2019. First, the maximum 8-hour ozone concentration at the Sheboygan Kohler-Andrae monitor was compared to the number of days where the maximum temperature was greater than or equal to 80 °F. Second, WDNR examined the relationship between the average summer temperature for each year of the 2001-2019 period and the fourth-highest 8-hour ozone concentration. These analyses show that over the last 19 years, ozone concentrations at the Kohler-Andrae monitor have decreased substantially. In contrast, temperatures have remained relatively constant, with an increase in the number of hot days and a slight decrease in the average season temperature. Because the correlation between temperature and ozone formation is well established, these data suggest that reductions in precursors are responsible for the reductions in ozone concentrations in the area, and not unusually favorable summer temperatures.
As discussed above, Wisconsin identified numerous Federal rules that resulted in the reduction of VOC and NOX emissions from 2011 to 2014. In addition, Wisconsin's analyses of meteorological variables associated with ozone formation demonstrate that the improvement in air quality in the area between the year violations occurred and the year attainment was achieved is not due to unusually favorable meteorology. Therefore, EPA finds that Wisconsin has shown that the air quality improvements in the Inland Sheboygan area are due to permanent and enforceable emissions reductions.
To redesignate an area from nonattainment to attainment, section 107(d)(3)(E)(iv) of the CAA requires EPA to determine that the area has a fully approved maintenance plan pursuant to section 175A of the CAA. Section 175A of the CAA sets forth the elements of a maintenance plan for areas seeking redesignation from nonattainment to attainment. Under section 175A, the maintenance plan must demonstrate continued attainment of the NAAQS for at least 10 years after the Administrator approves a redesignation to attainment. Eight years after the redesignation, the state must submit a revised maintenance plan which demonstrates that attainment of the NAAQS will continue for an additional 10 years beyond the initial 10-year maintenance period. To Start Printed Page 23283address the possibility of future NAAQS violations, the maintenance plan must contain contingency measures, as EPA deems necessary, to assure prompt correction of the future NAAQS violation.
The Calcagni Memorandum provides further guidance on the content of a maintenance plan, explaining that a maintenance plan should address five elements: (1) An attainment emission inventory; (2) a maintenance demonstration; (3) a commitment for continued air quality monitoring; (4) a process for verification of continued attainment; and (5) a contingency plan. In conjunction with its request to redesignate the Inland Sheboygan area to attainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS, Wisconsin submitted a SIP revision to provide for maintenance of the 2008 ozone NAAQS through 2030, more than 10 years after the expected effective date of the redesignation to attainment. As discussed below, EPA proposes to find that Wisconsin's ozone maintenance plan includes the necessary components and to approve the maintenance plan as a revision of the Wisconsin SIP.
As discussed above, the Sheboygan Haven monitor in the Inland Sheboygan area has shown attainment of the standard since 2014. Wisconsin selected 2014 as the attainment emissions inventory year to establish attainment emission levels for VOC and NOX. The attainment emissions inventory identifies the levels of emissions in the Inland Sheboygan area that are sufficient to attain the 2008 ozone NAAQS. The derivation of the attainment year emissions is discussed above in section IV.C.2. of this proposed rule. The emissions for the 2014 attainment year, by source category, are summarized in Table 2 above.
Wisconsin has demonstrated maintenance of the 2008 ozone NAAQS through 2030 by ensuring that current and future emissions of VOC and NOX for the Inland Sheboygan area remain at or below attainment year emission levels. A maintenance demonstration need not be based on modeling. See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001), Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 F. 3d 537 (7th Cir. 2004). See also 66 FR 53094, 53099-53100 (October 19, 2001), 68 FR 25413, 25430-25432 (May 12, 2003).
Wisconsin is using emissions inventories for the years 2020 and 2030 to demonstrate maintenance. 2030 was selected because it is 10 years after the expected effective date of the redesignation to attainment, and 2020 was selected to demonstrate that emissions are not expected to spike in the interim between the 2014 attainment year and the 2030 final maintenance year. The emissions inventories were developed as described below.
Wisconsin estimated the future year point source emissions by applying growth factors to the 2014 attainment year emissions inventory, as well as considering new and modified sources. Wisconsin's 2020 area source emissions were estimated primarily by interpolating between EPA's 2017 and 2028 modeling inventories, while 2030 area source emissions were estimated primarily by extrapolating EPA's 2023 and 2028 modeling inventories.
The 2020 and 2030 projected on-road and non-road emissions, except for MAR categories, were developed using the MOVES2014a model, as was the case for the 2011 and 2014 emissions. However, for the two MAR categories of aircraft and rail locomotive, the 2020 and 2030 emissions were calculated by linearly interpolating or extrapolating from the 2017, 2023 and, where available, 2028 values from EPA's 2011 Emissions Modeling Platform, Version 6.3.
Emissions data for the 2011 nonattainment year, 2014 attainment year, 2020 interim year, and 2030 maintenance year are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below. Data are expressed in terms of TPSD. Due to rounding, some totals may not correspond with the sum of the separate categories, and some net change amounts may not correspond with the difference of the separate years.
Table 3—NOX Emissions in the Inland Sheboygan Area for the 2011 Nonattainment Year, 2014 Attainment Year, 2020 Interim Year, and 2030 Maintenance Year (TPSD)
Point—EGU 0.48 0.53 0.62 0.62 +0.09
Point—non-EGU 0.82 0.86 0.99 1.06 +0.20
Area 0.63 0.63 0.64 0.65 +0.02
On-road 2.60 1.90 1.16 0.54 −1.35
Non-road 2.10 1.74 1.22 0.86 −0.89
Total 6.62 5.66 4.63 3.73 −1.93
Table 4—VOC Emissions in the Inland Sheboygan Area for the 2011 Nonattainment Year, 2014 Attainment Year, 2020 Interim Year, and 2030 Maintenance Year (TPSD)
Point—EGU 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00
Point—non-EGU 1.10 1.10 1.26 1.36 +0.26
Area 2.95 2.96 2.90 2.83 −0.13
On-road 1.26 0.90 0.65 0.34 −0.56
Non-road 2.29 1.92 1.38 1.21 −0.71
Total 7.65 6.91 6.24 5.78 −1.13
As shown in Tables 3 and 4, NOX and VOC emissions in the Inland Sheboygan area are projected to decrease by 1.93 TPSD and 1.13 TPSD, respectively, between the 2014 attainment year and 2030 maintenance year. Wisconsin's Start Printed Page 23284maintenance demonstration for the Inland Sheboygan area shows maintenance of the 2008 ozone NAAQS by providing emissions information to support the demonstration that future emissions of NOX and VOC will remain at or below 2014 emission levels when considering both future source growth and implementation of future controls.
Wisconsin has committed to continue to operate the Sheboygan Haven monitor in the Inland Sheboygan area. Wisconsin has committed to consult with EPA prior to making changes to the existing monitoring network should changes become necessary in the future. Wisconsin remains obligated to meet monitoring requirements, to continue to quality assure monitoring data in accordance with 40 CFR part 58, and to enter all data into the AQS in accordance with Federal guidelines.
Wisconsin has confirmed that it has the legal authority to enforce and implement the requirements of the maintenance plan for the Inland Sheboygan area. This includes the authority to adopt, implement, and enforce any subsequent emission control measures determined to be necessary to correct future ozone attainment problems.
Verification of continued attainment is accomplished through operation of the ambient ozone monitoring network and the periodic update of the area's emissions inventory. Wisconsin will continue to operate the current ozone monitor located in the Inland Sheboygan area. There are no plans to discontinue operation, relocate, or otherwise change the existing ozone monitoring network other than through revisions in the network approved by EPA.
As required by section 175A of the CAA, Wisconsin has adopted a contingency plan for the Inland Sheboygan area to address possible future ozone air quality problems. The contingency plan adopted by Wisconsin has two levels of response, a warning level response and an action level response.
EPA has concluded that Wisconsin's maintenance plan adequately addresses the five basic components of a maintenance plan: Attainment inventory, maintenance demonstration, monitoring network, verification of continued attainment, and a contingency plan. In addition, as required by section 175A(b) of the CAA, Wisconsin has committed to submit to EPA an updated ozone maintenance plan eight years after redesignation of the Inland Sheboygan area to cover an additional ten years beyond the initial 10-year maintenance period. Thus, EPA finds that the maintenance plan SIP revision submitted by Wisconsin for the Inland Sheboygan area meets the requirements of section 175A of the CAA, and EPA proposes to approve it as a revision to the Wisconsin SIP.
Under section 176(c) of the CAA, new transportation plans, programs, or Start Printed Page 23285projects that receive Federal funding or support, such as the construction of new highways, must “conform” to (i.e., be consistent with) the SIP. Conformity to the SIP means that transportation activities will not cause new air quality violations, worsen existing air quality problems, or delay timely attainment of the NAAQS or interim air quality milestones. Regulations at 40 CFR part 93 set forth EPA policy, criteria, and procedures for demonstrating and ensuring conformity of transportation activities to a SIP. Transportation conformity is a requirement for nonattainment and maintenance areas.
As discussed earlier, Wisconsin's maintenance plan includes NOX and VOC MVEBs for the Inland Sheboygan area for 2020, which is an interim year, as well as 2030, which is the last year of the maintenance period. The MVEBS were developed as part of an interagency consultation process which includes Federal, state, and local agencies. The MVEBS were clearly identified and precisely quantified. These MVEBs, when considered together with all other emissions sources, are consistent with maintenance of the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
Table 5—MVEBs for the Inland Sheboygan Area for the 2020 Interim Year and 2030 Maintenance Year
2020 1.16 0.65
2030 0.54 0.34
EPA is proposing to approve the MVEBs for use to determine transportation conformity in the Inland Sheboygan area, because EPA has determined that the area can maintain attainment of the 2008 ozone NAAQS for the relevant maintenance period with mobile source emissions at the levels of the MVEBs.
A “safety margin” is the difference between the attainment level of emissions (from all sources) and the projected level of emissions (from all sources) in the maintenance plan. As noted in Tables 3 and 4, the emissions in the Inland Sheboygan area are projected to have safety margins of 1.93 TPSD for NOX and 1.13 TPSD for VOC in 2030 (the difference between emissions in the 2014 attainment year, and projected emissions in the 2030 maintenance year, for all sources in the Inland Sheboygan area). Similarly, there is a safety margin of 1.03 TPSD for NOX and 0.67 TPSD for VOC in 2020. Even if emissions exceeded projected levels by the full amount of the safety margin, the counties would still demonstrate maintenance since emission levels would equal those in the attainment year.
As discussed above, section 182(a)(1) of the CAA requires areas to submit a base year emissions inventory. As part of Wisconsin's redesignation request for the Inland Sheboygan area, the State submitted a 2011 base year emissions inventory. This inventory is discussed above in section IV.C.2. and summarized in Table 2. EPA is proposing to approve this 2011 base year inventory as meeting the section 182(a)(1) emissions inventory requirement for the Inland Sheboygan area.
Under NR 438 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code, Wisconsin requires annual NOX and VOC emission reporting from any facility in the State that emits NOX above 10,000 pounds (5 tons) per year and VOC above 6,000 pounds (3 tons) per year. This includes facilities in nonattainment areas such as the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. EPA previously approved NR 438 into the Wisconsin SIP on December 6, 1993 (58 FR 64155).
Because Wisconsin has an EPA approved SIP provision requiring stationary sources to report annually their NOX emissions over 5 tons and VOC emissions over 3 tons, EPA is proposing to approve Wisconsin's emissions statement certification SIP as meeting the requirement of section 182(a)(3)(B) of the CAA for the 2008 ozone for the Inland Sheboygan area.
The requirement to adopt a motor vehicle I/M program for Moderate ozone nonattainment areas is described in CAA section 182(b)(4) and the regulations for basic and enhanced I/M Start Printed Page 23286programs are found at 40 CFR part 51, subpart S. Under these cumulative requirements, states with areas classified as Moderate nonattainment for ozone with 1990 Census-defined urbanized populations of 200,000 or more are required to adopt basic I/M programs, while Serious and higher classified ozone nonattainment areas outside of the northeast ozone transport region with 1980 Census-defined urbanized populations of 200,000 or more are required to adopt enhanced I/M programs. Wisconsin's I/M program has been in operation since 1984. It was originally implemented in accordance with the 1977 CAA Amendments and operated in the six counties of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Washington and Waukesha. Sheboygan County was added to the program in July 1993, resulting in a seven-county program area that has remained to the present. In 1995, Wisconsin transitioned to an enhanced I/M program. EPA approved Wisconsin's I/M program on August 16, 2001 (66 FR 42949) and approved revisions to the program on September 19, 2013 (78 FR 57501). Wisconsin's approved I/M program in the SIP is consistent with the requirements of 40 CFR part 51, subpart S, for the alternate low enhanced performance standards. In its September 25, 2017, submission, Wisconsin certified that it still meets the Federal I/M performance requirement. Therefore, EPA is proposing to find that Wisconsin has met the I/M requirement for the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
Wisconsin previously addressed RACT requirements in the Inland Sheboygan area in developing attainment plans for the 1979 and 1997 ozone standards. Wisconsin has previously adopted RACT rules for VOC emission sources in its nonattainment areas under Wisconsin Administrative Code NR 420. Wisconsin has evaluated the previously adopted regulations and determined that these rules still satisfy RACT. Wisconsin's submittal describes the VOC RACT program for the Inland Sheboygan area. The submittal provided a list of the CTGs for which RACT requirements have been codified in Wisconsin Administrative Code.
Wisconsin preformed an applicability analysis for these seven categories in the Inland Sheboygan nonattainment area. Wisconsin's analysis took the following steps: First, Wisconsin relied on the Wisconsin Air Emissions Inventory to create a list of all the VOC emitting facilities in the Inland Sheboygan area. Wisconsin searched the list for facilities having the applicable CTG Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. Second, Wisconsin searched the Wisconsin Air Resource Program database, which contains facility and emissions information about all Wisconsin companies that have obtained an air pollution control permit, for sources located within the partial county nonattainment area with the applicable SIC codes. Third, Wisconsin searched the membership directories found on the applicable SIC code organizations' websites. Finally, Wisconsin searched the ReferenceUSA database for facilities located within the Inland Sheboygan area with the SIC codes listed above.
Wisconsin's analysis determined that there are no facilities in the Inland Sheboygan area for the shipbuilding and ship repair, aerospace manufacturing, fiberglass boat manufacturing, oil and natural gas industry, miscellaneous industrial adhesives, metal and plastic parts coatings, and automobile and light-duty truck assembly coatings categories. These are the seven categories in which Wisconsin has not adapted the most recently published CTGs. Wisconsin provided Negative Declarations for these CTG categories.
In summary, Wisconsin has certified that the VOC RACT rules previously adopted by the state and approved into Wisconsin's SIP continue to meet VOC RACT requirements for the area under the 2008 ozone NAAQS. Wisconsin has adequately documented its analysis of sources in the area to support its negative declarations for categories in which Wisconsin has not adopted the most recently published CTGs. EPA finds Wisconsin's VOC RACT SIP submittal to be approvable as meeting the Moderate VOC RACT requirements of section 182(b)(2) of the CAA.
Section 182(f) of the CAA requires RACT level controls for major stationary sources of NOX located in Moderate ozone nonattainment areas. Section 302 of the CAA defines a major stationary source as any facility which has the potential to emit 100 tons per year of any air pollutant. RACT is defined as the lowest emission limitation that a particular source is capable of meeting by the application of control technology that is reasonably available considering technological and economic feasibility. On October 19, 2010, EPA approved Wisconsin's NOX RACT program into the SIP for purposes of the 1997 ozone NAAQS (75 FR 64155). Wisconsin's NOX RACT requirements are codified at NR 428.20 to 428.26 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. Wisconsin's NOX RACT rules are applicable to major stationary sources of NOX located in Wisconsin's Moderate ozone nonattainment areas, including the Inland Sheboygan area. On September 25, 2017, WDNR submitted a SIP certifying that Wisconsin's SIP-approved NOX RACT rules meet the NOX RACT requirements of CAA section 182(f) for the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. Because Wisconsin has EPA-approved NOX RACT rules applicable to Inland Sheboygan area sources in its SIP, EPA is proposing to find that Wisconsin has satisfied the NOX RACT requirements for the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
On March 6, 2015, EPA revoked the 1997 ozone NAAQS along with Start Printed Page 23287associated designations and classifications (80 FR 12264). Thus, the Inland Sheboygan area has no designation under the 1997 ozone NAAQS that can be changed through redesignation as governed by CAA section 107(d)(3)(E). Therefore, EPA is not proposing a redesignation of the Inland Sheboygan area for the 1997 ozone NAAQS under CAA section 107(d)(3)(E).
However, in evaluating Wisconsin's request to redesignate the Inland Sheboygan area under the 2008 ozone standard, EPA determined that the area has met the five criteria in section 107(d)(3)(E) for redesignation, including the requirement that Wisconsin meet all applicable requirements of section 110 and part D of the CAA for the Inland Sheboygan area, and have a fully approved SIP for the area under section 110(k) of the CAA. As part of that evaluation, EPA has determined that Wisconsin has a fully approved SIP and meets the anti-backsliding requirements under the 1997 ozone standard as codified at 40 CFR 51.1105(a)(1) and 40 CFR 51.1100(o).
EPA is proposing to determine that the Inland Sheboygan nonattainment area is attaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS, based on quality-assured and certified monitoring data for 2017-2019. EPA is proposing to determine that upon final approval of Wisconsin's 2011 base year emissions inventory, emission statement certification SIP, VOC RACT SIP, I/M certification SIP, and NOX RACT certification SIP, the area will have met the requirements for redesignation under section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA. EPA is thus proposing to change the legal designation of the Inland Sheboygan area from nonattainment to attainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. EPA is also proposing to approve, as a revision to the Wisconsin SIP, the state's maintenance plan for the area. The maintenance plan is designed to keep the Inland Sheboygan area in attainment of the 2008 ozone NAAQS through 2030. EPA finds adequate and is proposing to approve the newly-established 2020 and 2030 MVEBs for the Inland Sheboygan area.
6. For the 2011 nonattainment year, WDNR back-calculated VOC emissions for commercial portable fuel containers from WDNR's 2014 emission estimates and EPA's 2017 emission estimates. For the 2011 nonattainment year and 2014 attainment year, WDNR estimated emissions from vehicle refueling at gasoline stations (Stage II refueling) using EPA's MOVES2014a model with the same activity inputs used for the on-road modeling.
8. https://www.epa.gov/​air-emissions-modeling/​2011-version-63-platform.
[FR Doc. 2020-08403 Filed 4-24-20; 8:45 am]