Source: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2015-title16/html/USCODE-2015-title16-chap32-sec1431.htm
Timestamp: 2019-05-19 18:31:55
Document Index: 93369618

Matched Legal Cases: ['§1431', '§301', '§1', '§102', '§2101', '§9', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§2101', '§2101', '§2101', '§2101', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§2001', '§101', '§317', '§316', '§2112', '§317', '§6', '§307']

United States Code, 2015 Edition
CHAPTER 32 - MARINE SANCTUARIES
Sec. 1431 - Findings, purposes, and policies; establishment of system
§1431. Findings, purposes, and policies; establishment of system
The purposes and policies of this chapter are—
(Pub. L. 92–532, title III, §301, Oct. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 1061; Pub. L. 96–332, §1, Aug. 29, 1980, 94 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 98–498, title I, §102, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2296; Pub. L. 102–587, title II, §2101, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5039; Pub. L. 104–283, §9(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3367; Pub. L. 106–513, §3, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2381.)
2000—Pub. L. 106–513, §3(a), inserted "; establishment of system" at end of section catchline.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(b)(1), substituted "scientific, educational, cultural, archeological, or esthetic" for "research, educational, or esthetic".
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(b)(2), inserted "and" at end.
Subsec. (a)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(b)(3), added par. (4) and struck out former pars. (4) to (6) which read as follows:
"(6) protection of these special areas can contribute to maintaining a natural assemblage of living resources for future generations."
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(c)(1), substituted "significance and to manage these areas as the National Marine Sanctuary System;" for "significance;".
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(c)(2), (4), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "to support, promote, and coordinate scientific research on, and monitoring of, the resources of these marine areas, especially long-term monitoring and research of these areas;".
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(c)(2), (4), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "to enhance public awareness, understanding, appreciation, and wise use of the marine environment;".
Subsec. (b)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(c)(3), (4), added par. (5) and redesignated former pars. (5) and (6) as (6) and (7), respectively. Former par. (7) redesignated (8).
Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(c)(3), (5), redesignated par. (7) as (8) and substituted "areas, including the application of innovative management techniques; and" for "areas;". Former par. (8) redesignated (9).
Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(c)(2), (3), (6), redesignated par. (8) as (9), substituted a period for "; and", and struck out former par. (9) which read as follows: "to maintain, restore, and enhance living resources by providing places for species that depend upon these marine areas to survive and propagate."
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–513, §3(d), added subsec. (c).
1992—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–587, §2101(a)(1), inserted ", and in some cases international," after "national".
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 102–587, §2101(a)(2), inserted ", research," after "conservation" and struck out "and" at end.
Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 102–587, §2101(a)(3), (4), added par. (6).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–587, §2101(b), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "The purposes and policies of this chapter are—
"(1) to identify areas of the marine environment of special national significance due to their resource or human-use values;
"(2) to provide authority for comprehensive and coordinated conservation and management of these marine areas that will complement existing regulatory authorities;
"(3) to support, promote, and coordinate scientific research on, and monitoring of, the resources of these marine areas;
"(4) to enhance public awareness, understanding, appreciation, and wise use of the marine environment; and
"(5) to facilitate, to the extent compatible with the primary objective of resource protection, all public and private uses of the resources of these marine areas not prohibited pursuant to other authorities."
1984—Pub. L. 98–498 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to Congressional declaration of findings, purposes and policies for provisions defining "Secretary" and "State". See section 1432 of this title.
1980—Pub. L. 96–332 inserted provisions defining "State".
Pub. L. 106–513, §1, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2381, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 1445c of this title and amending this section and sections 1432 to 1434, 1436, 1437, and 1439 to 1445b of this title] may be cited as the &apos;National Marine Sanctuaries Amendments Act of 2000&apos;."
Pub. L. 104–283, §1, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3363, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and sections 1432, 1434, 1437, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445a, and 1445b of this title, renumbering provisions set out as a note under section 1442 of this title as section 1445b of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1433 and 1445 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1433 of this title] may be cited as the &apos;National Marine Sanctuaries Preservation Act&apos;."
Pub. L. 102–587, §1, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5039, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the &apos;Oceans Act of 1992&apos;."
Pub. L. 102–587, title II, §2001, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5039, provided that: "This title [enacting section 1445a of this title, amending this section and sections 1432 to 1437, 1440, 1442 to 1444, 1452 to 1456b, and 1458 to 1462 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1433, 1442, and 1445 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1433 of this title] may be cited as the &apos;National Marine Sanctuaries Program Amendments Act of 1992&apos;."
Pub. L. 98–498, title I, §101, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2296, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 1435 to 1439 of this title and amending this section and sections 1432 to 1434 of this title] may be cited as the &apos;Marine Sanctuaries Amendments of 1984&apos;."
Pub. L. 92–532, title III, §317, formerly §316, as added by Pub. L. 102–587, title II, §2112, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5047; renumbered §317 of title III, Pub. L. 104–283, §§6(a), 9(f), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3364, 3368; amended Pub. L. 106–562, title III, §307(b), Dec. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 2807, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the &apos;National Marine Sanctuaries Act&apos;."
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America and in furtherance of the purposes of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd-ee) [16 U.S.C. 668dd–668ee], National Park Service Organic Act ([former] 16 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) [see 18 U.S.C. 1865(a), 54 U.S.C. 100101(a), 100301 et seq., 100751(a), 100752, 100753, 102101], National Historic Preservation Act ([former] 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.) [see 54 U.S.C. 300101 et seq.], Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.), Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), Coastal Zone Management Act [of 1972] (16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.), Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act [of 1972] (16 U.S.C. 1362 [1361] et seq.), Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), National Environmental Policy Act [of 1969], as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (42 [43] U.S.C. 1331 et seq.), and other pertinent statutes, it is ordered as follows:
Sec. 2. Definitions. For the purposes of this order: (a) "Marine protected area" means any area of the marine environment that has been reserved by Federal, State, territorial, tribal, or local laws or regulations to provide lasting protection for part or all of the natural and cultural resources therein.
(b) "Marine environment" means those areas of coastal and ocean waters, the Great Lakes and their connecting waters, and submerged lands thereunder, over which the United States exercises jurisdiction, consistent with international law.
(c) The term "United States" includes the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
Sec. 4. National System of MPAs. (a) To the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of appropriations, the Department of Commerce and the Department of the Interior, in consultation with the Department of Defense, the Department of State, the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of Transportation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation, and other pertinent Federal agencies shall develop a national system of MPAs. They shall coordinate and share information, tools, and strategies, and provide guidance to enable and encourage the use of the following in the exercise of each agency's respective authorities to further enhance and expand protection of existing MPAs and to establish or recommend new MPAs, as appropriate:
(e) The Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall establish a Marine Protected Area Center to carry out, in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, the requirements of subsection 4(a) of this order, coordinate the website established pursuant to subsection 4(d) of this order, and partner with governmental and nongovernmental entities to conduct necessary research, analysis, and exploration. The goal of the MPA Center shall be, in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, to develop a framework for a national system of MPAs, and to provide Federal, State, territorial, tribal, and local governments with the information, technologies, and strategies to support the system. This national system framework and the work of the MPA Center is intended to support, not interfere with, agencies&apos; independent exercise of their own existing authorities.
Extension of Term of Marine Protected Areas Federal Advisory Committee
Term of Marine Protected Areas Federal Advisory Committee extended until Sept. 30, 2017, by Ex. Ord. No. 13708, Sept. 30, 2015, 80 F.R. 60271, set out as a note under section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.