Source: https://alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/Loss_of_Driving_Privileges_for_Alcohol_Violations_by_Minors_Use_Lose_Laws.html
Timestamp: 2017-05-23 03:22:16
Document Index: 153739328

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 201', '§ 634', '§ 634', '§ 2683', '§ 634', '§ 634', '§ 634', 'art 634', '§ 634', '§ 634']

APIS - Underage Drinking: Use/Lose: Driving Privileges
Home > APIS Policy Topics > Underage Drinking: Use/Lose: Driving Privileges
(Period Covered: 1/1/1998 through 1/1/2016) This policy topic covers laws addressing suspension or revocation of driving privileges as a penalty for underage purchase, possession, or consumption of alcoholic beverages. As a penalty for underage purchase, possession, or consumption of alcoholic beverages, some States authorize suspension or revocation of driving privileges. These "Use/Lose" laws began to appear during the mid-1980s. As the name suggests, Use/Lose laws were originally enacted to penalize youth for using alcohol (and other drugs) by imposing what is perceived as a significant punishment - the loss of a young person's driver's license. Debates about Use/Lose in the 1980s often noted that fines were an ineffective sanction for youth because parents paid them. Recently States have been experimenting with licensing sanctions for a variety of problem behaviors including truancy, school drop-out, failure to meet school performance standards, and motor vehicle theft. APIS addresses only Use/Lose laws that relate specifically to underage alcohol purchase, possession, and consumption violations.
Definitions for Use/Lose: Driving Privileges
Loss of the driving license for a specified period, after which the license is reinstated. Refers to persons who have a license to drive at the time of the offense.
Loss of the driving privilege for a specified period, after which the offender may reapply for a license. Refers to persons who have a license to drive at the time of the offense.
Explanatory Notes and Limitations for Use/Lose: Driving Privileges
Explanatory Notes and Limitations Specifically Applicable to Use/Lose: Driving Privileges APIS only includes provisions related to first offenses. States that impose a license sanction for repeat offenses only are not coded for this policy.
Because of the high level of discretion in the juvenile courts, a judge might impose a license sanction even in a State where there is no Use/Lose law.
Some States specify license denial (loss of eligibility to obtain the driver's license for a specified period of time) as a sanction for an underage alcohol offense by a minor who does not already have a driver's license. APIS does not address denial sanctions.
This review does not address the following issues related to loss of driving privileges for alcohol violations by minors:
Provisions related only to non-alcohol violations, including illicit drug violations, or to commercial driver's licenses. Provisions that are not specific to persons under 21 years of age. Provisions that apply only in specified settings, e.g., underage possession or consumption on school property or in a motor vehicle, or underage consumption or presence on licensed premises. Provisions that allow for a license suspension or revocation to be reviewed and driving privileges restored, that provide for "restricted," "limited," or "hardship" licenses under which individuals subject to license suspension or revocation may be permitted to drive for purposes of employment or medical treatment, or that address diversion, plea bargaining, conditions of probation, or discretion for judges to reduce a suspension or revocation period. Provisions authorizing a law enforcement officer to retain the driver's license of a person arrested for underage alcohol purchase, possession or consumption, in order to ensure the person's later appearance to answer the charges against him or her. Provisions that impose a license sanction for failure of or refusal to submit to a chemical test. Provisions that are limited to prohibiting underage intoxication, as opposed to underage consumption per se.
A number of States have passed laws prohibiting the "internal possession" of alcohol by underage persons. These provisions typically require evidence of alcohol in the minor's body, but do not require any specific evidence of possession or consumption. APIS does not code violations of either Possession or Consumption laws as a trigger for license action solely on the basis of an "internal possession" provision. Some States prohibit minors from purchasing alcohol only when the minor makes a false statement of his/her age or presents a false identification (see the APIS policy topic, False Identification for Obtaining Alcohol). States with these limited prohibitions are not coded as having a use/lose provision for purchase.
Explanatory Notes and Limitations Applicable to All APIS Policy Topics State law may permit local jurisdictions to impose requirements in addition to those mandated by State law. Alternatively, State law may prohibit local legislation on this topic, thereby preempting local powers. For more information on the preemption doctrine, see the About Alcohol Policy page. APIS does not document policies established by local governments. In addition to statutes and regulations, judicial decisions (case law) also may affect alcohol-related policies. APIS does not review case law except to determine whether judicial decisions have invalidated statutes or regulations that would otherwise affect the data presented in the comparison tables. APIS reviews published administrative regulations. However, administrative decisions or directives that are not included in a State's published regulatory codes may have an impact on implementation. This possibility has not been addressed by the APIS research. Statutes and regulations cited in tables on this policy topic may have been amended or repealed after the specific date or time period specified by the site user's search criteria. If a conflict exists between a statute and a regulation addressing the same legal issue, APIS coding relies on the statute. A comprehensive understanding of the data presented in the comparison tables for this policy topic requires examination of the applicable Row Notes and Jurisdiction Notes, which can be accessed from the body of the table via links in the Jurisdiction column. Federal Law for Use/Lose: Driving Privileges
The licensing and regulation of drivers has traditionally been considered a matter reserved to State control under the Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which states, "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people". On May 11, 2005, however, President Bush signed into law the REAL ID Act of 2005, part of the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-13, 119 Stat. 231 (2005), which, inter alia, requires that Federal agencies not accept, for any official purpose, State-issued driver's licenses or identification cards after May 11, 2008, unless the State has been certified to meet certain Federal requirements. See id. at Title II, §§ 201-207.
Federal regulations provide for a reciprocal arrangement between States and Federal military installations such that an installation will suspend or revoke driving privileges as if the violation had occurred within its own jurisdiction. If military reciprocity has not been established by State law, commanders will recognize documentation of suspensions or revocations imposed by State authorities where the installation is located, and may suspend a person's OF 346 (U.S. Government Motor Vehicle Operator's Identification Card) when notified by State authorities of a suspension or revocation. 32 C.F.R. § 634.16. In addition, Federal regulations provide for the suspension or revocation of installation driving privileges for the commission of offenses in another State which, if committed on the installation, would be grounds for suspension or revocation. 32 C.F.R. § 634.43.
Generally, the minimum age to purchase, possess or consume alcoholic beverages on military installations is the same as the State where the installation is located, although this requirement may be waived by the commanding officer of a military installation in special circumstances. If the military installation is located in more than one State or within one State but within 50 miles of another State, Mexico or Canada, the minimum age may be set at the lowest minimum drinking age. 10 U.S.C. § 2683.
The commander of a military installation has authority to administratively suspend or revoke driving privileges on the installation for cause, or for lawful reasons unrelated to traffic violations or safe vehicle operation. 32 C.F.R. § 634.9.
An Act Making Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2005, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
* * * TITLE II--IMPROVED SECURITY FOR DRIVERS' LICENSES AND PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION CARDS
(C) Not later than September 11, 2005, the State shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of Homeland Security to routinely utilize the automated system known as Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements, as provided for by section 404 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (110 Stat. 3009-664), to verify the legal presence status of a person, other than aUnited States citizen, applying for a driver's license or identification card.
(10) Limit the period of validity of all driver's licenses andidentification cards that are not temporary to a period that does not exceed 8 years.
32 C.F.R. § 634.16
§ 634.16. Reciprocal state-military action
CHAPTER V - DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY SUBCHAPTER I - LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
* * * Table 5-1 of Part 634 Suspension/Revocation of Driving Privileges (See Notes 1 and 2).
(ii) in one State but within 50 miles of another State or Mexico or Canada, the Secretary concerned may establish and enforce as the minimum drinking age on that military installation the lowest applicable age.
32 C.F.R. § 634.9
§ 634.9. Suspension or revocation of driving or privately owned vehicle registration privileges
(1) The revocation of installation or overseas command POV driving privileges is a severe administrative measure to be exercised for serious moving violations or when other available corrective actions fail to produce the desired driver improvement. Revocation of the driving privilege will be for a specified period, but never less than 6 months, applies at all military installations, and remains in effect upon reassignment.
Selected References for Use/Lose: Driving Privileges
Carpenter, C. How do zero tolerance drunk driving laws work? Journal of Health Economics 23(1):61-83, 2004.
Cavazos-Rehg, P.A., Krauss, M.J., Spitznagel, E.L., Chaloupka, F.J., Schootman, M., Grucza, R.A., and Bierut, L.J. Associations Between Selected State Laws and Teenagers' Drinking and Driving Behaviors. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2012. (doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01764.x) Chang, K., Wu, C.C., and Ying, Y.H. The effectiveness of alcohol control policies on alcohol-related traffic fatalities in the United States. Accident Analysis and Prevention 45:406-15, 2012.
Fell, J.C., Fisher, D.A., Voas, R.B., Blackman, K., and Tippetts, A.S. The relationship of underage drinking laws to reductions in drinking drivers in fatal crashes in the United States. Accident Analysis & Prevention 40(4):1430-1440, 2008.
Fell, J.C., Voas, R.B., and Fisher, D.A. Status of 14 Under-Age-21 Drinking Laws in the United States. Transportation Research Circular Number E-C123: Traffic Safety and Alcohol Regulation 98-108, 2007.
Hingson R and White A. New Research Findings Since the 2007 Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking: A Review. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(1):158-69, January 2014.
Liang, L., and Jidong, H. Go out or stay in? The effects of zero tolerance laws on alcohol use and drinking and driving patterns among college students. Journal of Health Economics 17(11):1261-1275, 2008.
Voas, R.B., Tippetts, A.S., and Fell, J. Assessing the effectiveness of minimum legal drinking age and zero tolerance laws in the United States. Accident Analysis & Prevention 35(4):579-587, 2003.
Underage Drinking: Minimum Ages for On-Premises Servers and BartendersUnderage Drinking: Prohibitions Against Hosting Underage Drinking PartiesUnderage Drinking: Underage Purchase of AlcoholUnderage Drinking: Furnishing Alcohol to MinorsUnderage Drinking: Minimum Ages for Off-Premises SellersUnderage Drinking: Possession/Consumption/Internal Possession of AlcoholUnderage Drinking: False Identification for Obtaining Alcohol