Source: https://www.scribd.com/doc/160035710/US-Airways-American-Airlines-Complaint
Timestamp: 2017-08-22 14:22:21
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US Airways American Airlines Complaint | Us Airways | United Airlines
US Airways American Airlines Complaint
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Description: Pennsylvania is joining five states and the District of Columbia in a lawsuit to block the merger of American Airlines and US Airways. View the complaint here.
Pennsylvania is joining five states and the District of Columbia in a lawsuit to block the merger of American Airlines and US Airways. View the complaint here.
COMPLAINT The United States of America, acting under the direction of the Attorney General of the United States, and the States of Arizona, Florida, Tennessee, Texas, the Commonwealths of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and the District of Columbia (“Plaintiff States”), acting by and through their respective Attorneys General, bring this civil action under federal antitrust law to enjoin the planned merger of two of the nation’s five major airlines, US Airways Group, Inc. (“US Airways”) and AMR Corporation (“American”), and to obtain equitable and other relief as appropriate.
safely between various cities in the United States and throughout the world. Since 1978, the nation has relied on competition among airlines to promote affordability, innovation, and service and quality improvements. In recent years, however, the major airlines have, in tandem, raised fares, imposed new and higher fees, and reduced service. Competition has diminished and consumers have paid a heavy price. This merger—by creating the world’s largest airline— would, in the words of US Airways’ management, “finish[ ] industry evolution.” It would reduce the number of major domestic airlines from five to four, and the number of “legacy” airlines—today, Delta, United, American, and US Airways—from four to three. In so doing, it threatens substantial harm to consumers. Because of the size of the airline industry, if this merger were approved, even a small increase in the price of airline tickets, checked bags, or flight change fees would cause hundreds of millions of dollars of harm to American consumers annually. 2. American and US Airways compete directly on thousands of heavily traveled nonstop
and connecting routes. Millions of passengers benefit each year from head-to-head competition that this merger would eliminate. With less competition, airlines can cut service and raise prices with less fear of competitive responses from rivals. 3. This merger will leave three very similar legacy airlines—Delta, United, and the new
American—that past experience shows increasingly prefer tacit coordination over full-throated competition. By further reducing the number of legacy airlines and aligning the economic incentives of those that remain, the merger of US Airways and American would make it easier for the remaining airlines to cooperate, rather than compete, on price and service. That enhanced
cooperation is unlikely to be significantly disrupted by Southwest and JetBlue, which, while offering important competition on the routes they fly, have less extensive domestic and international route networks than the legacy airlines. 4. US Airways’ own executives—who would run the new American—have long been
“proponents of consolidation.” US Airways believes that the industry—before 2005—had “too many” competitors, causing an “irrational business model.” Since 2005, there has been a wave of consolidation in the industry. US Airways has cheered these successive mergers, with its CEO stating in 2011 that “fewer airlines” is a “good thing.” US Airways’ President explained this thinking that same year: “Three successful fare increases – [we are] able to pass along to customers because of consolidation.” (emphasis added). Similarly, he boasted at a 2012 industry conference: “Consolidation has also . . . allowed the industry to do things like ancillary revenues [e.g., checked bag and ticket change fees] . . . . That is a structural permanent change to the industry and one that’s impossible to overstate the benefit from it.” In essence, industry consolidation has left fewer, more-similar airlines, making it easier for the remaining airlines to raise prices, impose new or higher baggage and other ancillary fees, and reduce capacity and service. This merger positions US Airways’ management to continue the trend—at the expense of consumers. 5. US Airways intends to do just that. If this merger were approved, US Airways would no
longer need to offer low-fare options for certain travelers. For example, US Airways employs “Advantage Fares,” an aggressive discounting strategy aimed at undercutting the other legacy airlines’ nonstop fares with cheaper connecting service. US Airways’ hubs are in cities that generate less lucrative nonstop traffic than the other legacy airlines’ hubs. To compensate, US
nonstop service on a route, and Delta and American offer connecting service on that same route, Delta and American typically charge the same price for their connecting service as United charges for its nonstop service. As American executives observed, the legacy airlines “generally respect the pricing of the non-stop carrier [on a given route],” even though it means offering connecting service at the same price as nonstop service. But American, Delta, and United frequently do charge lower prices for their connecting service on routes where US Airways offers nonstop service. They do so to respond to US Airways’ use of Advantage Fares on other routes. 7. If the merger were approved, US Airways’ economic rationale for offering Advantage
Fares would likely go away. The merged airline’s cost of sticking with US Airways’ one-stop, low-price strategy would increase. Delta and United would likely undercut the merged firm on a larger number of nonstop routes. At the same time, the revenues generated from Advantage Fares would shrink as American’s current nonstop routes would cease to be targets for Advantage Fares. The bottom line is that the merged airline would likely abandon Advantage Fares, eliminating significant competition and causing consumers to pay hundreds of millions of dollars more. 8. Consumers will likely also be harmed by the planned merger because American had a
American’s standalone plan would have bucked current industry trends toward capacity
reductions and less competition. US Airways called American’s growth plan “industry destabilizing” and worried that American’s plan would cause other carriers to react “with their own enhanced growth plans . . . .” The result would be to increase competitive pressures throughout the industry. After the merger, US Airways’ current executives—who would manage the merged firm—would be able to abandon American’s efforts to expand and instead continue the industry’s march toward higher prices and less service. As its CEO candidly stated earlier this year, US Airways views this merger as “the last major piece needed to fully rationalize the industry.” 10. Passengers to and from the Washington, D.C. area are likely to be particularly hurt. To
serve Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (“Reagan National”), a carrier must have “slots,” which are government-issued rights to take off and land. US Airways currently holds 55% of the slots at Reagan National and the merger would increase the percentage of slots held by the combined firm to 69%. The combined airline would have a monopoly on 63% of the nonstop routes served out of the airport. Competition at Reagan National cannot flourish where one airline increasingly controls an essential ingredient to competition. Without slots, other airlines cannot enter or expand the number of flights that they offer on other routes. As a result, Washington, D.C. area passengers would likely see higher prices and fewer choices if the merger were approved. 11. Notwithstanding their prior unequivocal statements about the effects of consolidation, the
defendants will likely claim that the elimination of American as a standalone competitor will benefit consumers. They will argue that Advantage Fares will continue, existing capacity levels and growth plans will be maintained, and unspecified or unverified “synergies” will materialize,
creating the possibility of lower fares. The American public has seen this before. Commenting on a commitment to maintain service levels made by two other airlines seeking approval for a merger in 2010, the CEO of US Airways said: “I’m hopeful they’re just saying what they need . . . to get this [transaction] approved.” By making claims about benefits that are at odds with their prior statements on the likely effects of this merger, that is precisely what the merging parties’ executives are doing here—saying what they believe needs to be said to pass antitrust scrutiny. 12. There is no reason to accept the likely anticompetitive consequences of this merger. Both
competition, and tend to create a monopoly, in violation of Section 7 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 18. Therefore, this merger should be permanently enjoined. II. 14. JURISDICTION, INTERSTATE COMMERCE, AND VENUE The United States brings this action, and this Court has subject-matter jurisdiction over
this action, under Section 15 of the Clayton Act, as amended, 15 U.S.C. § 25, to prevent and restrain US Airways and American Airlines from violating Section 7 of the Clayton Act, as amended, 15 U.S.C. § 18. 15. The Plaintiff States bring this action under Section 16 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 26,
Clayton Act, as amended, 15 U.S.C. § 18. The Plaintiff States, by and through their respective Attorneys General, bring this action as parens patriae on behalf of the citizens, general welfare, and economy of each of their states. 16. The defendants are engaged in, and their activities substantially affect, interstate
commerce, and commerce in each of the Plaintiff States. US Airways and American Airlines each annually transport millions of passengers across state lines throughout this country, generating billions of dollars in revenue while doing so. 17. Venue is proper under Section 12 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 22. This Court also
operating at high load factors—the percentage of seats sold on its flights—and has a national and international route network, alliances with international airlines, a strong brand name, modern equipment, and a competitive cost structure. In mid-2012, US Airways’ CEO, touting the airline’s “record second quarter results,” told Dow Jones that the company “has a great business model that works and we certainly don’t need to merge with another airline.” 20. Defendant AMR Corporation is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Fort Worth,
flew over eighty million passengers to approximately 250 locations worldwide, taking in more than $24 billion in revenue. American operates hubs in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Dallas, and Miami. The American Airlines brand is “one of the most recognized . . . in the world.” 21. In November 2011, American filed for bankruptcy reorganization and is currently under
the supervision of the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. American adopted and implemented a standalone business plan designed “to restore American to industry leadership, profitability and growth.” While in bankruptcy, American management “pursued and successfully implemented” key provisions of this plan, including revenue and network enhancements, as well as “restructuring efforts [that] have encompassed labor cost savings, managerial efficiencies, fleet reconfiguration, and other economies . . . .” That work has paid off. American reported that its revenue growth has “outpaced” the industry since entering bankruptcy and in its most recent quarterly results reported a company record-high $5.6 billion in revenues, with $357 million in profits. Under experienced and sophisticated senior management, American’s restructuring process has positioned it to produce “industry leading profitability.” As recently as January 8, 2013, American’s management presented plans to emerge from bankruptcy that would increase the destinations American serves in the United States and the frequency of its flights, and position American to compete independently as a profitable airline with aggressive plans for growth. 22. US Airways sees American the same way. Its CEO observed in December 2011 that
“A[merican] is not going away, they will be stronger post-bankruptcy because they will have less debt and reduced labor costs.” A US Airways’ executive vice president similarly wrote in July 2012 that “[t]here is NO question about AMR’s ability to survive on a standalone basis.”
passengers would substitute other modes of transportation (car, bus, or train) for scheduled air passenger service in response to a small but significant industry-wide fare increase. Another way to say this, as described in the Fed. Trade Comm’n & U.S. Dep’t of Justice Horizontal Merger Guidelines (2010), and endorsed by courts in this Circuit, is that a hypothetical monopolist of all domestic scheduled air passenger service likely would increase its prices by at least a small but significant and non-transitory amount. Scheduled air passenger service, therefore, constitutes a line of commerce and a relevant product market within the meaning of Section 7 of the Clayton Act. 26. A “city pair” is comprised of a flight’s departure and arrival cities. For example, a flight
nature of the competition from other airlines generally plays a large role in an airline’s pricing decision. 28. Therefore, a hypothetical monopolist of scheduled air passenger service between specific
proximity to the city and direct service via the Metro, airlines actively seek to serve passengers flying into and out of Reagan National. Airlines do not view service at other airports as adequate substitutes for service offered at Reagan National for certain passengers, and thus they are unlikely to switch away from buying or leasing slots at Reagan National in response to a small but significant increase in the price of slots. Airlines pay significant sums for slots at Reagan National, despite having the option of serving passengers through the region’s other airports. A hypothetical monopolist of slots at Reagan National likely would increase its prices by at least a small but significant and non-transitory amount. Thus, slots at Reagan National Airport constitute a line of commerce, section of the country, and relevant market within the meaning of Section 7 of the Clayton Act. V. THE MERGER IS LIKELY TO RESULT IN ANTICOMPETITIVE EFFECTS A. Industry Background 32. Today, four network or “legacy” airlines remain in the United States: American,
US Airways, United, and Delta. These four have extensive national and international networks, connections to hundreds of destinations, established brand names, and strong frequent flyer reward programs. In addition, there are non-network airlines, including Southwest Airlines and a handful of smaller firms, which typically do not offer “hub-and-spoke” service.
consolidation “wave” started with the 2005 merger between US Airways and America West, creating today’s US Airways. In 2008, Delta and Northwest Airlines merged; in 2010, United and Continental merged; and in 2011, Southwest Airlines and AirTran merged. The chart below, in which one of US Airways’ executive vice presidents referred to industry consolidation as the “New Holy Grail,” demonstrates that since 2005 the number of major airlines has dropped from nine to five.
have copied each other in raising fares, imposing new fees on travelers, reducing or eliminating service on a number of city pairs, and downgrading amenities. An August 2012 presentation from US Airways observes that consolidation has resulted in “Fewer and Larger Competitors.” The structural change to “fewer and larger competitors” has allowed “[t]he industry” to “reap the benefits.” Those benefits to the industry are touted by US Airways in the same presentation as including “capacity reductions” and new “ancillary revenues” like bag fees. B. Many Relevant Markets Are Highly Concentrated and the Planned Merger Would Significantly Increase that Concentration 36. In 2005, there were nine major airlines. If this merger were approved, there would be
and the likely competitive effects of a merger. The more concentrated a market, and the more a transaction would increase concentration in a market, the more likely it is that a transaction would result in a meaningful reduction in competition. Concentration in relevant markets is typically measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (“HHI”). Markets in which the HHI exceeds 2,500 points are considered highly concentrated. Post-merger increases in HHI of more than 200 points are considered to be significant increases in concentration. 38. In more than 1,000 of the city pair markets in which American and US Airways currently
When one airline “leads” a price increase, other airlines frequently respond by following with price increases of their own. The initiating carrier will lead the price increase and then see if the
other carriers will match the increase. If they do not, the initiating carrier will generally withdraw the increase shortly thereafter. 43. The legacy airlines also use what they call “cross-market initiatives,” or “CMIs,” to deter
aggressive discounting and prevent fare wars. A CMI occurs where two or more airlines compete against each other on multiple routes. If an airline offers discounted fares in one market, an affected competitor often responds with discounts in another market—a CMI—where the discounting airline prefers a higher fare. CMIs often cause an airline to withdraw fare discounts. For example, in the fall of 2009, US Airways lowered fares and relaxed restrictions on flights out of Detroit (a Delta stronghold) to Philadelphia. Delta responded by offering lower fares and relaxed restrictions from Boston to Washington (a US Airways stronghold). US Airways’ team lead for pricing observed Delta’s move and concluded “[w]e have more to lose in BOSWAS . . . I think we need to bail on the [Detroit-Philadelphia] changes.” 44. There is also past express coordinated behavior in the industry. For example, all airlines
have complete, accurate, and real-time access to every detail of every airline’s published fare structure on every route through the airline-owned Airline Tariff Publishing Company (“ATPCO”). US Airways’ management has called ATPCO “a dedicated price-telegraph network for the industry.” The airlines use ATPCO to monitor and analyze each other’s fares and fare changes and implement strategies designed to coordinate pricing. Airlines have previously used ATPCO to engage in coordinated behavior. In 1992, the United States filed a lawsuit to stop several airlines, including both defendants, from using their ATPCO filings as a signaling device to facilitate agreements on fares. That lawsuit resulted in a consent decree, now expired. 45. US Airways also has communicated directly with a competitor when it was upset by that
competitor’s efforts to compete more aggressively. In 2010, one of US Airways’ larger rivals
extended a “triple miles” promotion that set off a market share battle among legacy carriers. The rival airline was also expanding into new markets and was rumored to be returning planes to its fleet that had been mothballed during the recession. US Airways’ CEO complained about these aggressive maneuvers, stating to his senior executives that such actions were “hurting [the rival airline’s] profitability – and unfortunately everyone else’s.” US Airways’ senior management debated over email about how best to get the rival airline’s attention and bring it back in line with the rest of the industry. In that email thread, US Airways’ CEO urged the other executives to “portray[ ] these guys as idiots to Wall Street and anyone else who’ll listen.” Ultimately, to make sure the message was received, US Airways’ CEO forwarded the email chain—and its candid discussion about how aggressive competition would be bad for the industry—directly to the CEO of the rival airline. (The rival’s CEO immediately responded that it was an inappropriate communication that he was referring to his general counsel.) 46. Coordination becomes easier as the number of major airlines dwindles and their business
models converge. If not stopped, the merger would likely substantially enhance the ability of the industry to coordinate on fares, ancillary fees, and service reductions by creating, in the words of US Airways executives, a “Level Big 3”of network carriers, each with similar sizes, costs, and structures. 47. Southwest, the only major, non-network airline, and other smaller carriers have networks
“Our employees know full well that the real competition for us is [American], [Delta], and [United]. Yes we compete with Southwest and JetBlue, but the product is different and the customer base is also different.” 1. The Merger Would Likely Result in the Elimination of US Airways’ Advantage Fares 48. On routes where one legacy airline offers nonstop service, the other legacies “generally
respect the pricing of the non-stop carrier,” as American has put it. Thus, if American offers nonstop service from Washington to Dallas at $800 round-trip, United and Delta will, “[d]espite having a service disadvantage,” price their connecting fares at the level of American’s nonstop fares. The legacy carriers do this because if one airline, say Delta, were to undercut fares in markets where American offers nonstop service, American would likely do the same in Delta’s nonstop markets. To Delta, the cost of being undercut in its nonstop markets exceeds the benefit it would receive from winning additional passengers in American nonstop markets. 49. US Airways, alone among the legacy carriers, has a different cost-benefit analysis for
pricing connecting routes. Although it too is a national network carrier, US Airways has hubs in cities that generate less revenue from passengers flying nonstop than the other legacy airlines’ hubs. Because US Airways’ hubs generate less revenue from passengers flying nonstop, US Airways must gain more revenue from connecting passengers. It gets that revenue by offering connecting service that is up to 40% cheaper than other airlines’ nonstop service. US Airways calls this program “Advantage Fares.” 50. Millions of consumers have benefitted. Advantage Fares offer consumers, especially
those who purchase tickets at the last minute, meaningfully lower fares. The screenshot below from ITA Software, Airfare Matrix (“ITA”), taken on August 12, 2013, for travel departing on
August 13 and returning August 14 from Miami to Cincinnati, shows the benefits of US Airways’ Advantage Fare program to passengers 1:
American is the only airline on this route to offer nonstop service, charging $740. Delta and United do not meaningfully compete. Both charge more for their connecting service than American charges for nonstop service. Thus, on this particular route, a passenger who chose Delta or United would pay more for an inferior product. In contrast, US Airways’ fares today are significantly lower than American’s fares, and offer consumers a real choice. Those consumers who are more price conscious receive the benefit of a substantially lower-fare option. In this case, a customer who purchased a US Airways one-stop ticket would save $269 compared to American’s nonstop service. 51. The benefits from Advantage Fares extend to hundreds of other routes, including those
“Multiple Airlines” refers to an itinerary where a passenger uses different airlines for their departing and returning flights. 19
US Airways’ connecting fare is $870 cheaper than the other legacy carriers’ nonstop flights, and beats JetBlue and AirTran’s fares by more than $300. Although Southwest does not participate in the standard online travel sites, a cross-check against the Southwest website demonstrates that US Airways also beats Southwest’s $887 nonstop fare by more than $300. 52. Other airlines have chosen to respond to Advantage Fares with their own low connecting
fares in markets where US Airways has nonstop service. That is, the other legacy airlines undercut US Airways’ nonstop fares the same way that US Airways undercuts their nonstop fares. The screenshot below from ITA, taken on August 12, 2013, for travel on August 13 and returning August 14 from Charlotte to Syracuse, shows how the other legacy carriers respond to Advantage Fares to the benefit of consumers:
consumers benefit by having the option of far less expensive connecting service. A customer who buys a Delta one-stop flight saves $310 over US Airways’ nonstop service. 53. There are over 100 routes where other carriers offer nonstop service on which US
. 54. Advantage Fares have proven highly disruptive to the industry’s overall coordinated
pricing dynamic. An American executive expressed her frustration in September 2011 with US Airways’ Advantage Fares, noting that US Airways was “still way undercutting us [on flights from Boston and New York to Dallas] and getting significant share.” One response American considered was to lower its fares on the same route. Another option was “to take up this battle w/them again,” in an attempt to force US Airways to limit or abandon its strategy. 55. US Airways’ President acknowledged in September 2010 that its Advantage Fare
strategy “would be different if we had a different route network . . . .” Currently, US Airways’ 21
network structure precludes Delta and United from preventing US Airways’ aggressive “onestop pricing.” Because US Airways’ hubs have relatively less nonstop traffic, the other legacy airlines cannot respond sufficiently to make Advantage Fares unprofitable. But by increasing the size and scope of US Airways’ network, the merger makes it likely that US Airways will have to discontinue its Advantage Fares. 56. American’s executives agree. American believes that Advantage Fares will be eliminated
because of the merger. Internal analysis at American in October 2012 concluded that “[t]he [Advantage Fares] program would have to be eliminated in a merger with American, as American’s large non-stop markets would now be susceptible to reactionary pricing from Delta and United.” Another American executive observed that same month: “The industry will force alignment to a single approach—one that aligns with the large legacy carriers as it is revenue maximizing.” 57. US Airways believes that it currently gains “most of its advantage fare value from AA,”
consumers. Last year, more than 2.5 million round-trip passengers—including more than 250,000 passengers from the greater Washington, D.C. area; another 250,000 passengers in the Dallas-Fort Worth area; half a million passengers in the greater New York City area; and 175,000 passengers from Detroit—bought an Advantage Fare ticket. Hundreds of thousands of
other passengers flying nonstop on US Airways, particularly from their hubs in Phoenix, Charlotte, and Philadelphia, benefited from responsive fares offered by the legacy airlines. 2. The Merger Would Likely Lead to Increased Industry-Wide “Capacity Discipline,” Resulting in Higher Fares and Less Service 59. Legacy airlines have taken advantage of increasing consolidation to exercise “capacity
discipline.” “Capacity discipline” has meant restraining growth or reducing established service. The planned merger would be a further step in that industry-wide effort. In theory, reducing unused capacity can be an efficient decision that allows a firm to reduce its costs, ultimately leading to lower consumer prices. In the airline industry, however, recent experience has shown that capacity discipline has resulted in fewer flights and higher fares. 60. Each significant legacy airline merger in recent years has been followed by substantial
resulting capacity discipline. US Airways has long taken the position that the capacity cuts achieved through capacity discipline “enabled” fare increases and that “pricing power” results from “reduced industry capacity.” US Airways’ CEO explained to investors in 2006 that there is an “inextricable link” between removing seats and raising fares. 62. In 2005, America West—managed then by many of the same executives who currently
manage US Airways—merged with US Airways. America West had hubs in Phoenix and Las Vegas while the former US Airways had hubs in Pittsburgh, Charlotte, and Philadelphia. Following the merger, the combined firm reduced capacity, including significant cuts in Pittsburgh and Las Vegas. In 2010, the Chief Financial Officer for US Airways explained: 23
We believe in the hub system. I just think there’s too many hubs. If you look across the country, you can probably pick a few that are smaller hubs and maybe duplicative to other hubs that airlines have that they could probably get out of. In our example, we merged with US Airways [and] . . . what we have done over time, which is unfortunate for the cities, but we couldn’t hold a hub in Pittsburgh and we couldn’t hold a hub in Las Vegas. So over time we have consolidated and condensed our operation back, which is really important, condensed it back to our major hubs. A post-merger US Airways analysis confirmed that it succeeded in obtaining a “3% to 4% capacity reduction.” 63. In 2006, on the heels of the America West/US Airways merger, the combined firm
submitted an ultimately unsuccessful hostile bid for Delta Air Lines. US Airways’ management had concluded that a merged US Airways/Delta could reduce the combined carrier’s capacity by 10 percent, which would lead to higher revenues for the combined firm and for the industry. In 2007, following the rejection of the hostile bid, US Airways’ CEO explained to investors how the deal would have increased industry profits: It’s part of what we tried to impress upon people as we were going through our run at Delta, was that . . . it was good for US Airways [and] good for the entire industry. We’re going to take out 4% of the industry capacity as we did that. Everyone’s 2008 numbers would look a (expletive) of a lot better had that transaction happened . . . . 64. In 2008, Delta merged with Northwest Airlines. Despite promises to the contrary, the
combined airline reduced capacity, including significant cuts at its former hubs in Cincinnati and Memphis. US Airways’ CEO was “quite happy” to see the merger and advocated for further consolidation. He explained that an industry structure of “five different hub and spoke airlines with who knows how many hubs across the United States . . . results in all of us fighting for the same connecting passengers over numerous hubs.” Left unsaid was that fewer airlines meant less competition and higher fares.
The announcement caused speculation about the future of each airline’s hubs, including Continental’s Cleveland hub. In Congressional testimony, an industry analyst stated that he did not believe the merger would cause reductions in Cleveland. On June 18, 2010, upon seeing the testimony, US Airways’ CEO wrote an email to other US Airways executives stating, “[s]urely these guys [United/Continental] aren’t really planning to keep Cleveland open. I’m hopeful they’re just saying what they need to (including to [the analyst]) to get this approved.” United and Continental closed their deal on October 1, 2010. The combined firm has reduced capacity at nearly all of its major hubs (including Cleveland) and at many other airports where the two airlines previously competed. Similarly, Southwest/AirTran has reduced service in a number of its focus cities and on many of AirTran’s former routes following its 2011 merger. 66. The defendants are fully aware of these earlier mergers’ effects. A 2012 American
Airlines analysis concluded that “following a merger, carriers tend to remove capacity or grow more slowly than the rest of the industry.” US Airways’ management concluded that although industry consolidation has been a success, as its CEO stated publicly in 2010, the industry had yet to hit its “sweet spot,” and additional consolidation was needed because the industry remained “overly fragmented.” 67. A merger with American would allow US Airways to hit the “sweet spot.” For
consumers, however, it would be anything but sweet. US Airways believes that merging with American “finishes industry evolution” by accomplishing US Airways’ goal of “reduc[ing] capacity more efficiently.” When first considering a combination with American, US Airways projected that the merged firm could reduce capacity by as much as 10 percent. Similarly, American expects that the merger will lead to capacity reductions that would negatively impact
“communities,” “people,” “customers,” and “suppliers.” Higher fares would be right around the corner. 3. The Planned Merger Would Likely Block American’s Standalone Expansion Plans, Thwarting Likely Capacity Increases 68. American does not need this merger to thrive, let alone survive. Before the
announcement of this merger, a key component of American’s standalone plan for exiting bankruptcy revolved around substantial expansion, including increases in both domestic and international flights. Thus, in 2011, American placed the largest order for new aircraft in the industry’s history. 69. US Airways executives feared that American’s standalone growth plan would disrupt the
industry’s capacity discipline “momentum.” In a 2012 internal presentation, US Airways executives recognized that while “[i]ndustry mergers and capacity discipline expand margins,” American’s standalone “growth plan has potential to disrupt the new dynamic” and would “Reverse Industry Capacity Trends.” Moreover, US Airways believed that if American implemented its growth plans, other airlines would “react to AMRs plans with their own enhanced growth plans destabilizing industry.” US Airways believed that American’s standalone capacity growth would “negatively impact” industry revenues and threaten industry pricing. 70. US Airways thought that a merger with American was a “lower risk alternative” than
letting American’s standalone plan come to fruition because US Airways management could maintain capacity discipline. American’s executives have observed that “the combined network would likely need to be rationalized,” especially given the merged carrier’s numerous hubs, and that it is “unlikely that [a combined US Airways/American] would pursue growth . . . .”
the ancillary fees charged by the legacy carriers have been largely set in lockstep. One airline acts as the “price leader,” with others following soon after. Using this process, as a US Airways strategic plan observed, the airlines can raise their fees without suffering “market share impacts.” For example, American announced that it would charge for a first checked bag on May 21, 2008. On June 12, 2008, both United and US Airways followed American’s lead. Similarly, over a period of just two weeks this spring, all four legacy airlines increased their ticket change fee for domestic travel from $150 to $200. 73. The legacy airlines recognize that the success of any individual attempt to impose a new
fee or fee increase depends on whether the other legacies follow suit. When, in July 2009, American matched the other legacy carriers by raising its checked bag fee to $20, but did not join the others in offering a $5 web discount, US Airways was faced with the decision of whether to “match” American by either eliminating its own web discount, or raising its price to $25, with a $5 discount. US Airways’ CEO gave his view: I can’t believe I’m saying this, but I think we should stand still on this for now. I recognize that increases the chances of everyone standing still . . . the [dollars] aren’t compelling enough for us to stick our necks out first. I do think D[elta] or U[nited] won’t let them have an advantage, so it’ll get matched – I’m just not sure we should go first. If a couple weeks go by and no one’s moved, we can always jump in. 27
to $100 to match Delta’s fee, a US Airways executive observed: “Wow - $100 is a lot for second bag. I would think there’s big passenger gag reflex associated with that, but if we can get it, we should charge it. Do you think we should wait for [United] or [American] to move first, though?” 75. Conversely, in 2008, when US Airways began charging passengers for soft drinks, the
other legacy airlines did not follow its lead, and US Airways backed off. US Airways’ CEO explained: “With US Airways being the only network carrier to charge for drinks, we are at a disadvantage.” Had US Airways not rescinded this fee, it would have lost passengers to the other legacy airlines. 76. At times, the airlines consider new fees or fee increases, but hold off implementing them
while they wait to see if other airlines will move first. For example, on April 18, United announced that it was increasing its ticket change fee from $150 to $200. American decided that “waiting for [Delta] and then moving to match if [Delta] comes along” would be its best strategy. Over the next two weeks, US Airways, Delta, and American each fell in line, leading a US Airways executive to observe on May 1: “A[merican] increased their change fees this morning. The network carriers now have the same $200 domestic . . . change fees.” 77. Post-merger, the new American would likely lead new fee increases. A December 2012
discussion between US Airways executives included the observation that after the merger, “even as the world’s largest airline we’d want to consider raising some of the baggage fees a few dollars in some of the leisure markets.” 78. New checked bag fees on flights from the United States to Europe are a likely target.
Europe but have refrained from doing so. US Airways seriously considered leading such a price move but was concerned that other airlines would not match: “We would hope that [other airlines] would follow us right away . . . but there is no guarantee . . . .” Ultimately, US Airways concluded it was “too small” to lead additional checked bag fees for flights to Europe. Postmerger, that would no longer be true. The merged firm would be the world’s largest airline, giving it sufficient size to lead industry fee and price increases across the board. 79. Some fee increases are likely to result from US Airways raising American’s existing fees.
Today, “US Airways generally charges higher bag fees than AA” for travel from the United States to international destinations. Post-merger, US Airways would likely raise American’s ancillary fees to US Airways’ higher fee levels as part of a “fee harmonization” process. US Airways’ own documents estimate that “fee harmonization” would generate an additional $280 million in revenue annually—directly harming consumers by the same amount. A US Airways presentation from earlier this year analyzing the merger identifies American’s lower bag fees as a “value lever” that US Airways “will likely manage differently with tangible financial upside.” The analysis concludes that “[i]ncreasing AA baggage fees to match US creates significant revenue impact.” US Airways also plans to institute its fees ($40 on average) for the redemption of frequent flyer tickets on American’s existing frequent fliers, who currently are not charged for mileage redemption. 80. The merger would also likely reduce the quality and variety of ancillary services offered
by the legacy airlines—a side effect of consolidation anticipated and embraced by US Airways’ CEO. In a 2011 email exchange lamenting the need for US Airways to deploy wireless internet on all of its airplanes, a senior US Airways executive groused:
[N]ext it will be more legroom. Then industry standard labor contracts. Then better wines. Then the ability to book on Facebook. Penultimately, television commercials. Then, finally, we will pay the NYSE an exorbitant fee to change our ticker symbol [from LCC]. US Airways’ CEO responded: “Easy now. Consolidation will help stop much of the stupid stuff but inflight internet is not one of them.” 81. If the planned merger is enjoined, both American and US Airways will have to compete
against two larger legacy rivals, and against each other. The four legacy airlines will not look exactly the same. As the smallest of the legacy airlines, American and US Airways will have greater incentives to grow and compete aggressively through lower ancillary fees, new services, and lower fares. D. The Merger Would Eliminate Head-to-Head Competition in Hundreds of Relevant Markets and Entrench US Airways’ Dominance at Reagan National Airport 82. American and US Airways engage in head-to-head competition with nonstop service on
17 domestic routes representing about $2 billion in annual industry-wide revenues. American and US Airways also compete directly on more than a thousand routes where one or both offer connecting service, representing billions of dollars in annual revenues. The merger’s elimination of this head-to-head competition would create strong incentives for the merged airline to reduce capacity and raise fares where they previously competed. 83. The combined firm would control 69% of the slots at Reagan National Airport, almost six
US Airways, which already has 55% of the airport’s slots, does not sell or lease them because any slot that goes to another airline will almost certainly be used to compete with US Airways. The merger would only increase US Airways’ incentives to hoard its slots. Today, US Airways provides nonstop service to 71 airports from Reagan National, and it faces no nonstop competitors on 55 of those routes. After this merger, the number of US Airways routes with no nonstop competition would increase to 59, leaving, at best, only 21 routes at the entire airport with more than one nonstop competitor. Unsurprisingly, Reagan National is US Airways’ second most-profitable airport. 86. Potential entrants would likely not be able to turn to other airlines to obtain slots. When
traded slots at New York’s JFK International Airport to American in exchange for American trading slots at Reagan National to JetBlue. And until American reached agreement with
US Airways to merge, it had been negotiating to sell those slots and ten other Reagan National slots to JetBlue. 88. JetBlue’s entry on four routes, particularly Reagan National to Boston, has generated stiff
price competition. Fares on the route have dropped dramatically. US Airways estimated that after JetBlue’s entry, the last-minute fare for travel between Reagan National and Boston dropped by over $700. The combined firm will have the right to terminate the JetBlue leases and thereby eliminate, or at least diminish, JetBlue as a competitor on some or all of these routes. 89. The merger would also eliminate the potential for future head-to-head competition
between US Airways and American on flights at Reagan National. In 2011, US Airways planned to start service from Reagan National to Miami and St. Louis, which would directly compete with American’s existing service. US Airways argued to the Department of Transportation that this new competition would “substantial[ly] benefit[]” consumers, and so asked DOT to approve the purchase of slots from Delta that would make the service possible. DOT ultimately approved that purchase. When it developed its plan to merge with American, however, US Airways abandoned its plans to enter those markets and deprived consumers of the “substantial benefits” it had promised. 90. By acquiring American’s slot portfolio, US Airways would eliminate existing and future
head-to-head competition, and effectively block other airlines’ competitive entry or expansion. VI. 91. ABSENCE OF COUNTERVAILING FACTORS New entry, or expansion by existing competitors, is unlikely to prevent or remedy the
merger’s likely anticompetitive effects. New entrants into a particular market face significant barriers to success, including difficulty in obtaining access to slots and gate facilities; the effects of corporate discount programs offered by dominant incumbents; loyalty to existing frequent
flyer programs; an unknown brand; and the risk of aggressive responses to new entry by the dominant incumbent carrier. In addition, entry is highly unlikely on routes where the origin or destination airport is another airline’s hub, because the new entrant would face substantial challenges attracting sufficient local passengers to support service. 92. United and Delta are unlikely to expand in the event of anticompetitive price increases or
substantially, or tend to create a monopoly, in interstate trade and commerce in the relevant markets, in violation of Section 7 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 18. 96. Unless enjoined, the proposed merger likely would have the following effects in the
VIII. REQUEST FOR RELIEF 97. Plaintiffs request: (a) that US Airways’ proposed merger with American Airlines be adjudged to violate
Section 7 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 18; (b) that Defendants be permanently enjoined from and restrained from carrying out
the planned merger of US Airways and American or any other transaction that would combine the two companies; (c) that Plaintiffs be awarded their costs of this action, including attorneys’ fees to
APPENDIX A CITY PAIRS WHERE THE MERGER IS PRESUMPTIVELY ILLEGAL • HHIs in this appendix are calculated based on publicly available airline ticket revenue data from Department of Transportation’s Airline Origin and Destination Survey (DB1B) database, available at: http://www.transtats.bts.gov/DatabaseInfo.asp?DB_ID=125&Link=0 Routes are listed only once but include flights at all airports within the metropolitan area and in both directions. For example, the entry CITY PAIR ROUTE Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Post-Merger HHI 9319 ∆ HHI 4648
CITY PAIR Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Durango, CO (DRO) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Kahului, HI (OGG) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Kapaa, HI (LIH) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Miami, FL (MIA) - Salinas, CA (MRY) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Kahului, HI (OGG) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Miami, FL (MIA) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) Kapaa, HI (LIH) - Miami, FL (MIA) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Salinas, CA (MRY) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Greensboro, NC (GSO) Hilo, HI (KOA) - Miami, FL (MIA) Hilo, HI (KOA) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Kahului, HI (OGG) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Salinas, CA (MRY) - St. Louis, MO (STL) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Kapaa, HI (LIH) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Milwaukee, WI (MKE) St. Thomas, VI (STT) - Washington, DC (WAS) Riverside, CA (PSP) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Austin, TX (AUS) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) Charleston, WV (CRW) - New York, NY (NYC) Kahului, HI (OGG) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Austin, TX (AUS) - Salinas, CA (MRY) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Austin, TX (AUS) - Kapaa, HI (LIH) Riverside, CA (PSP) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Milwaukee, WI (MKE) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Charlottesville, VA (CHO) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Miami, FL (MIA) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Salinas, CA (MRY) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - Riverside, CA (PSP) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 10000 4742 9319 4648 9067 4491 9040 4478 8930 4448 8659 4259 8920 4205 9540 4079 8174 4006 8320 3866 7704 3703 8042 3634 8439 3619 8415 3612 10000 3600 8117 3559 7329 3528 7785 3418 8888 3331 7780 3316 10000 3299 6982 3277 3206 9185 8016 3185 7903 3165 7185 3164 6528 3137 6753 3085 8339 3085 6499 3068 6407 3034 6897 3033 6547 3027 10000 3022 6499 3006 6968 2985 6319 2966 8865 2949 9061 2948 7448 2938 6446 2932 8116 2923
CITY PAIR Fresno, CA (FAT) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Fresno, CA (FAT) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Kapaa, HI (LIH) Raleigh, NC (RDU) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Austin, TX (AUS) - Riverside, CA (PSP) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Austin, TX (AUS) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Milwaukee, WI (MKE) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Kapaa, HI (LIH) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Reno, NV (RNO) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Hilo, HI (KOA) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Columbus, OH (CMH) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Salinas, CA (MRY) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Hilo, HI (KOA) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Kapaa, HI (LIH) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Grand Junction, CO (GJT) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) Hilo, HI (KOA) - Orlando, FL (MCO) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Hartford, CT (BDL) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Miami, FL (MIA) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Denver, CO (DEN) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Miami, FL (MIA) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 6099 2905 8312 2899 6197 2895 7991 2892 6493 2845 6178 2843 6428 2839 6861 2808 6320 2801 7074 2795 6274 2772 8978 2770 6793 2753 6867 2717 6680 2700 6887 2672 6671 2664 6057 2662 5691 2656 8177 2621 6759 2575 9515 2574 5717 2571 5647 2567 5750 2503 6024 2501 5443 2491 6473 2484 6077 2475 5473 2455 6410 2455 5588 2454 7040 2449 5373 2444 6691 2438 8959 2428 7592 2423 5838 2407 5878 2402 7973 2388 7136 2383 7871 2354
CITY PAIR Indianapolis, IN (IND) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Chicago, IL (CHI) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Riverside, CA (PSP) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - Miami, FL (MIA) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Key West, FL (EYW) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Hilo, HI (KOA) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Salinas, CA (MRY) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Fresno, CA (FAT) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Dallas, TX (DFW) - New York, NY (HPN) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Miami, FL (MIA) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Columbia, SC (CAE) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Houston, TX (HOU) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Raleigh, NC (RDU) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Charlotte, NC (CLT) Detroit, MI (DTW) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Chicago, IL (CHI) Charleston, SC (CHS) - Miami, FL (MIA) Boston, MA (BOS) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Reno, NV (RNO) Austin, TX (AUS) - Hilo, HI (KOA) Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Boston, MA (BOS) - Key West, FL (EYW) Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) San Juan, PR (SJU) - Sacramento, CA (SMF) Boston, MA (BOS) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Kapaa, HI (LIH) - Orlando, FL (MCO) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Savannah, GA (SAV) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Key West, FL (EYW) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) Kahului, HI (OGG) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 8140 2349 5759 2333 5514 2313 5708 2305 5699 2278 5573 2268 5196 2265 7026 2237 8361 2227 5692 2227 7706 2199 5055 2198 5756 2185 5037 2168 8299 2144 6764 2137 5006 2126 5169 2119 7648 2113 5695 2112 4765 2109 4757 2098 4755 2075 2061 6008 8834 2039 6818 2039 5380 2037 4871 2021 8619 2009 5363 2008 7273 2004 6327 1984 5239 1968 4709 1950 4922 1947 5457 1946 5466 1944 7094 1936 4983 1931 6048 1909 5275 1901 4883 1885
CITY PAIR Nashville, TN (BNA) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Sacramento, CA (SMF) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Charleston, SC (CHS) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - San Jose, CA (SJC) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Wilmington, NC (ILM) Kahului, HI (OGG) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Miami, FL (MIA) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Austin, TX (AUS) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Anchorage, AK (ANC) - El Paso, TX (ELP) Boston, MA (BOS) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Houston, TX (HOU) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Greenville, SC (GSP) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Orlando, FL (MCO) San Juan, PR (SJU) - Washington, DC (WAS) Kahului, HI (OGG) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Boston, MA (BOS) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Key West, FL (EYW) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Austin, TX (AUS) - Charlotte, NC (CLT) Austin, TX (AUS) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) San Diego, CA (SAN) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Miami, FL (MIA) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Miami, FL (MIA) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) San Juan, PR (SJU) - St. Louis, MO (STL) San Antonio, TX (SAT) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Buffalo, NY (BUF) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Hartford, CT (BDL) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Dallas, TX (DFW) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 5903 1877 7451 1855 5637 1845 5230 1844 4514 1834 5844 1831 8601 1831 5038 1815 8179 1805 6957 1801 5506 1800 4635 1799 4349 1798 5961 1791 7220 1789 5168 1780 7185 1771 6372 1759 5123 1750 4022 1739 5099 1728 5173 1713 4959 1705 5258 1702 4530 1697 5600 1693 5300 1687 4198 1678 4883 1669 7380 1667 7530 1665 7085 1645 7120 1638 5692 1619 4512 1599 4923 1597 7794 1590 4835 1574 4336 1571 4703 1555 4699 1547 9396 1546
CITY PAIR Syracuse, NY (SYR) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) St. Louis, MO (STL) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Charlotte, NC (CLT) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Miami, FL (MIA) - Reno, NV (RNO) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Salinas, CA (MRY) Dallas, TX (DFW) - San Juan, PR (SJU) New York, NY (HPN) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Boston, MA (BOS) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Richmond, VA (RIC) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Savannah, GA (SAV) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Seattle, WA (SEA) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Charleston, SC (CHS) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Cleveland, OH (CLE) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Huntsville, AL (HSV) Cleveland, OH (CLE) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - Kahului, HI (OGG) New Orleans, LA (MSY) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Durango, CO (DRO) - Miami, FL (MIA) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Des Moines, IA (DSM) Denver, CO (DEN) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Reno, NV (RNO) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) Boston, MA (BOS) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Dallas, TX (DFW) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - El Paso, TX (ELP) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Jacksonville, FL (JAX) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 4609 1545 4711 1541 6580 1541 4986 1540 4545 1531 5158 1519 5474 1517 4566 1502 6622 1495 5045 1492 3842 1491 4437 1484 3631 1479 4745 1476 5002 1466 4209 1462 5215 1462 3824 1462 5315 1457 7993 1449 4974 1446 4286 1431 4426 1430 1418 5276 5283 1417 4701 1410 4010 1409 5161 1397 3816 1381 4340 1380 4537 1377 4983 1371 4282 1350 9330 1331 3926 1328 4474 1327 6896 1323 5134 1322 6867 1319 5268 1317 5037 1311 7090 1309
CITY PAIR Riverside, CA (PSP) - Washington, DC (WAS) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Omaha, NE (OMA) New York, NY (NYC) - Riverside, CA (PSP) St. Louis, MO (STL) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Nashville, TN (BNA) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Austin, TX (AUS) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Huntsville, AL (HSV) Key West, FL (EYW) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Boston, MA (BOS) - Kapaa, HI (LIH) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Miami, FL (MIA) - Louisville, KY (SDF) Kahului, HI (OGG) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) St. Thomas, VI (STT) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Raleigh, NC (RDU) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Milwaukee, WI (MKE) Washington, DC (WAS) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Cape Coral, FL (RSW) Boston, MA (BOS) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) Cleveland, OH (CLE) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - New York, NY (NYC) New York, NY (NYC) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Columbus, OH (CMH) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) New York, NY (HPN) - Louisville, KY (SDF) Hilo, HI (KOA) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Lexington, KY (LEX) Tampa, FL (TPA) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 4360 1300 4786 1292 3874 1292 4283 1278 4306 1273 4957 1262 4531 1259 8308 1249 4746 1247 5087 1237 5000 1225 3984 1225 4797 1223 3728 1215 5009 1210 6239 1205 3821 1203 5157 1199 5006 1192 4878 1190 4656 1187 4195 1185 3980 1184 4661 1179 4761 1179 7914 1179 5013 1174 3567 1156 5578 1152 5408 1150 3573 1148 4530 1146 4898 1145 4981 1138 6180 1137 7828 1136 3722 1134 3868 1133 7635 1133 3663 1128 5393 1121 3779 1116
CITY PAIR Detroit, MI (DTW) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Washington, DC (WAS) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Miami, FL (MIA) - Washington, DC (WAS) Boston, MA (BOS) - Reno, NV (RNO) Miami, FL (MIA) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Tampa, FL (TPA) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Kapaa, HI (LIH) Houston, TX (HOU) - Riverside, CA (PSP) New York, NY (NYC) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Hilo, HI (KOA) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Cape Coral, FL (RSW) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Chicago, IL (CHI) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Cleveland, OH (CLE) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Dallas, TX (DFW) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Fresno, CA (FAT) - New York, NY (NYC) Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) - Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) Austin, TX (AUS) - Columbia, SC (CAE) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Washington, DC (WAS) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Houston, TX (HOU) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Miami, FL (PBI) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - San Juan, PR (SJU) San Francisco, CA (SFO) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Durango, CO (DRO) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) San Juan, PR (SJU) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) San Francisco, CA (SFO) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Riverside, CA (ONT) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 4623 1115 8367 1113 7111 1111 4729 1110 6199 1105 3350 1099 3228 1097 5213 1089 4809 1089 4812 1089 4827 1087 4238 1074 3998 1073 4704 1072 3776 1067 4835 1066 2806 1059 3508 1059 9283 1058 3640 1055 4494 1054 6531 1050 4322 1049 1047 4751 4255 1046 4720 1043 4351 1043 4112 1038 4575 1036 3293 1027 3113 1021 3462 1018 7965 1014 8074 1013 3763 1013 4164 1012 3252 1009 5052 1007 4985 1000 4846 995 5457 993 3341 992
CITY PAIR Boston, MA (BOS) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Key West, FL (EYW) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Chicago, IL (CHI) - El Paso, TX (ELP) New York, NY (HPN) - San Diego, CA (SAN) New York, NY (NYC) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Knoxville, TN (TYS) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Louisville, KY (SDF) - San Juan, PR (SJU) New York, NY (NYC) - Riverside, CA (ONT) New York, NY (NYC) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Miami, FL (PBI) Boston, MA (BOS) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Nashville, TN (BNA) - New York, NY (NYC) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Riverside, CA (ONT) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Charleston, SC (CHS) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Fresno, CA (FAT) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Boston, MA (BOS) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - Grand Junction, CO (GJT) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) St. Louis, MO (STL) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Birmingham, AL (BHM) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Detroit, MI (DTW) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Grand Junction, CO (GJT) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) Richmond, VA (RIC) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Detroit, MI (DTW) - El Paso, TX (ELP) New York, NY (NYC) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) New York, NY (HPN) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Miami, FL (MIA) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Austin, TX (AUS) - Greensboro, NC (GSO) Montgomery, AL (MGM) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Montgomery, AL (MGM) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 3387 969 5114 968 5089 966 3559 965 3967 963 4759 958 5509 956 3526 954 4899 951 3084 950 3873 947 6542 929 3066 928 3978 925 3518 923 4235 917 4014 914 5048 912 3776 910 4549 908 4515 907 5624 900 3588 893 3780 890 3539 890 5001 889 3944 885 5451 883 3512 879 4499 878 4819 878 4157 873 3287 869 4561 864 4872 863 4657 863 3750 862 4567 860 3066 855 4490 852 5064 848 5152 846
CITY PAIR Tucson, AZ (TUS) - Washington, DC (WAS) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Austin, TX (AUS) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) New York, NY (HPN) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Miami, FL (MIA) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Grand Junction, CO (GJT) Birmingham, AL (BHM) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Lexington, KY (LEX) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) Miami, FL (MIA) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Miami, FL (MIA) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Cape Coral, FL (RSW) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) New Orleans, LA (MSY) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Kapaa, HI (LIH) - Washington, DC (WAS) Louisville, KY (SDF) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Detroit, MI (DTW) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Denver, CO (DEN) Boston, MA (BOS) - Gainesville, FL (GNV) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Austin, TX (AUS) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Austin, TX (AUS) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Portland, OR (PDX) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Milwaukee, WI (MKE) Kahului, HI (OGG) - Washington, DC (WAS) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - New York, NY (NYC) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) Seattle, WA (SEA) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) San Antonio, TX (SAT) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Denver, CO (DEN) - Kapaa, HI (LIH) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 4247 845 3902 843 3439 843 3700 838 3322 838 3305 837 3482 832 7233 823 10000 821 4181 819 4812 816 5930 816 5004 814 3423 814 3847 807 2953 805 5127 801 5674 799 3500 799 4887 796 4886 795 3117 791 3397 785 784 5219 4302 784 5346 783 3900 782 2837 777 3835 776 3255 773 4199 772 4837 770 5375 764 4700 761 2842 755 5211 754 4719 751 2923 750 4050 750 4204 748 3570 748 4845 747
CITY PAIR Dallas, TX (DFW) - Montgomery, AL (MGM) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Birmingham, AL (BHM) - Miami, FL (MIA) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - New York, NY (NYC) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Miami, FL (MIA) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Gainesville, FL (GNV) - San Juan, PR (SJU) New York, NY (HPN) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Columbia, SC (CAE) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Grand Junction, CO (GJT) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Buffalo, NY (BUF) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Sacramento, CA (SMF) Rochester, NY (ROC) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Miami, FL (MIA) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Raleigh, NC (RDU) - Washington, DC (WAS) San Jose, CA (SJC) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Miami, FL (PBI) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Durango, CO (DRO) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Boston, MA (BOS) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Miami, FL (MIA) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Richmond, VA (RIC) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Nashville, TN (BNA) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Cape Coral, FL (RSW) New York, NY (HPN) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Columbus, OH (CMH) - New York, NY (NYC) Reno, NV (RNO) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Savannah, GA (SAV) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 8376 746 3272 736 2808 734 3583 732 4474 729 3025 728 4387 728 4243 726 4481 726 3403 725 6576 724 3744 723 3651 718 4795 718 5224 718 5277 716 3495 714 5159 711 3590 708 4584 707 3665 706 4513 705 2905 699 4569 698 4278 696 3707 693 3411 690 3553 689 2862 687 3045 687 3238 684 5017 682 4044 682 2993 682 2976 681 7529 677 9444 671 2711 670 3511 668 3137 666 3854 663 4952 659
CITY PAIR Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Key West, FL (EYW) - Washington, DC (WAS) Columbia, SC (CAE) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) New York, NY (NYC) - Reno, NV (RNO) Los Angeles, CA (SNA) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) New York, NY (HPN) - Las Vegas, NV (LAS) San Juan, PR (SJU) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Houston, TX (HOU) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Richmond, VA (RIC) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Boston, MA (BOS) - Salinas, CA (MRY) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Key West, FL (EYW) Orlando, FL (MCO) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Gainesville, FL (GNV) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Chicago, IL (CHI) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Columbus, OH (CMH) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - New York, NY (HPN) Miami, FL (PBI) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Boston, MA (BOS) - Lexington, KY (LEX) San Juan, PR (SJU) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Pensacola, FL (PNS) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Riverside, CA (ONT) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Denver, CO (DEN) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Los Angeles, CA (SNA) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Columbia, SC (CAE) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Boston, MA (BOS) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Riverside, CA (ONT) - Washington, DC (WAS) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) Milwaukee, WI (MKE) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Kahului, HI (OGG) New York, NY (HPN) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 3419 659 3829 657 3605 657 2886 656 2872 655 3204 655 2975 655 5177 651 4816 649 7180 647 3270 645 5285 645 3125 645 5303 644 4227 644 4665 643 5219 641 2754 640 5109 639 4974 639 4545 636 3066 635 4686 634 633 3204 4454 630 4579 628 5211 624 4492 622 3569 620 5343 614 3085 612 3356 609 4511 606 3047 606 4599 605 3250 605 2910 604 4921 602 2533 602 4523 602 4494 601 2798 601
CITY PAIR Hartford, CT (BDL) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Miami, FL (MIA) New York, NY (HPN) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Columbus, OH (CMH) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Salinas, CA (MRY) Key West, FL (EYW) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) New York, NY (HPN) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - Reno, NV (RNO) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Miami, FL (PBI) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Boston, MA (BOS) - Louisville, KY (SDF) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Miami, FL (MIA) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Wilmington, NC (ILM) Lexington, KY (LEX) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Nashville, TN (BNA) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Miami, FL (PBI) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Hilo, HI (KOA) - New York, NY (NYC) Nashville, TN (BNA) - New York, NY (HPN) St. Thomas, VI (STT) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Cape Coral, FL (RSW) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Columbus, OH (CMH) - New York, NY (HPN) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Reno, NV (RNO) Charleston, SC (CHS) - Key West, FL (EYW) San Antonio, TX (SAT) - Savannah, GA (SAV) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Austin, TX (AUS) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Salinas, CA (MRY) - New York, NY (NYC) San Antonio, TX (SAT) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) San Antonio, TX (SAT) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) New York, NY (HPN) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 3258 599 3161 596 3448 596 3131 594 6997 592 5356 591 6164 591 4688 589 5095 588 5385 587 3257 586 4543 580 5020 580 6547 580 3335 577 4426 577 3313 577 3439 573 5027 570 3795 570 3840 567 5232 566 2683 565 4351 565 5261 564 3050 564 2857 563 2681 563 5970 560 2903 560 6310 560 3275 558 5545 557 4287 555 5320 555 4018 552 2905 552 5542 551 4405 551 4077 548 4300 548 3258 548
CITY PAIR Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Denver, CO (DEN) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Richmond, VA (RIC) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Reno, NV (RNO) Birmingham, AL (BHM) - San Juan, PR (SJU) New York, NY (NYC) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Lexington, KY (LEX) Austin, TX (AUS) - Reno, NV (RNO) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) - Washington, DC (WAS) Gainesville, FL (GNV) - New York, NY (NYC) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Jacksonville, FL (JAX) Montgomery, AL (MGM) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Hilo, HI (KOA) - Washington, DC (WAS) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Miami, FL (MIA) Raleigh, NC (RDU) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) San Diego, CA (SAN) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Chicago, IL (CHI) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Denver, CO (DEN) - Lexington, KY (LEX) Kapaa, HI (LIH) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Nashville, TN (BNA) - Washington, DC (WAS) San Antonio, TX (SAT) - Sacramento, CA (SMF) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Key West, FL (EYW) - Greensboro, NC (GSO) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Boston, MA (BOS) - Des Moines, IA (DSM) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Denver, CO (DEN) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Miami, FL (MIA) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Kapaa, HI (LIH) - New York, NY (NYC) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Denver, CO (DEN) - Hilo, HI (KOA) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) Omaha, NE (OMA) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 5192 547 3298 544 3084 544 4015 544 5331 543 2993 543 3132 541 2750 537 4938 535 4193 534 5285 534 5304 533 4830 533 2940 532 5057 529 4514 529 3189 529 2582 528 2600 528 9841 528 5112 528 5886 527 3415 526 526 4543 4006 524 3274 524 5470 523 5612 523 4832 522 4171 520 4916 519 2605 518 4343 517 2855 516 4933 514 2752 514 3529 512 4782 511 4602 510 3521 508 5315 504 3349 504
CITY PAIR Miami, FL (MIA) - Sacramento, CA (SMF) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Greenville, SC (GSP) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Las Vegas, NV (LAS) Boston, MA (BOS) - Hilo, HI (KOA) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Las Vegas, NV (LAS) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Jacksonville, FL (JAX) Riverside, CA (ONT) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - Miami, FL (MIA) San Jose, CA (SJC) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Reno, NV (RNO) Charleston, SC (CHS) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Raleigh, NC (RDU) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Denver, CO (DEN) - Montgomery, AL (MGM) Nashville, TN (BNA) - Charlottesville, VA (CHO) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Reno, NV (RNO) Kahului, HI (OGG) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Milwaukee, WI (MKE) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Houston, TX (HOU) - Reno, NV (RNO) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Boston, MA (BOS) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Richmond, VA (RIC) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Durango, CO (DRO) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Gulfport, MS (GPT) Wilmington, NC (ILM) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Miami, FL (MIA) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Key West, FL (EYW) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Montgomery, AL (MGM) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Montgomery, AL (MGM) San Francisco, CA (SFO) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 2774 503 3442 502 5272 501 4506 500 6388 500 4509 498 3832 498 9022 496 5346 495 4522 495 3842 493 3346 491 3641 490 3037 490 3072 488 9341 488 2590 487 3342 484 4445 478 5661 476 6270 476 4533 476 4623 475 3620 474 3941 474 3105 473 3072 472 2507 472 4142 472 4152 471 3411 466 5257 466 3576 465 4883 465 5396 464 4094 463 4541 461 4897 460 5393 456 5000 456 5781 455 2713 455
CITY PAIR Detroit, MI (DTW) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Houston, TX (HOU) - Lexington, KY (LEX) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Cape Coral, FL (RSW) El Paso, TX (ELP) - New York, NY (NYC) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Denver, CO (DEN) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Miami, FL (PBI) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Tampa, FL (TPA) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Miami, FL (MIA) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Rochester, NY (ROC) - Louisville, KY (SDF) Key West, FL (EYW) - New York, NY (NYC) Nashville, TN (BNA) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) New York, NY (HPN) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Miami, FL (PBI) Anchorage, AK (ANC) - Columbus, OH (CMH) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - San Diego, CA (SAN) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Portland, OR (PDX) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Mobile, AL (MOB) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Lexington, KY (LEX) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Orlando, FL (MCO) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Las Vegas, NV (LAS) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Raleigh, NC (RDU) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) San Francisco, CA (SFO) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Gainesville, FL (GNV) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Raleigh, NC (RDU) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - Reno, NV (RNO) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - Richmond, VA (RIC) New York, NY (NYC) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Mobile, AL (MOB) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Tallahassee, FL (TLH) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Key West, FL (EYW) - Las Vegas, NV (LAS) Mobile, AL (MOB) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Riverside, CA (ONT) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 2931 454 2628 453 3960 451 4582 451 4710 450 5225 450 6079 449 3761 446 3421 445 4073 443 5347 442 3141 442 3431 441 3767 441 4010 440 3029 439 3193 437 4576 436 3993 435 3129 433 2625 431 4077 431 4718 431 431 3480 6570 431 5739 431 3540 430 2819 429 2502 428 5296 428 2619 427 2545 426 3770 423 4118 421 2632 418 2619 416 3393 415 5582 415 5533 415 4683 415 3463 414 5736 413
CITY PAIR Des Moines, IA (DSM) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Montgomery, AL (MGM) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Houston, TX (HOU) - Hilo, HI (KOA) Memphis, TN (MEM) - Miami, FL (MIA) Nashville, TN (BNA) - Key West, FL (EYW) Boston, MA (BOS) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Richmond, VA (RIC) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Miami, FL (PBI) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Boston, MA (BOS) - Huntsville, AL (HSV) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) San Jose, CA (SJC) - Washington, DC (WAS) Jackson, MS (JAN) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) Austin, TX (AUS) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Reno, NV (RNO) - Washington, DC (WAS) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Austin, TX (AUS) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) Salinas, CA (MRY) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Boston, MA (BOS) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Pensacola, FL (PNS) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Denver, CO (DEN) - Miami, FL (PBI) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Austin, TX (AUS) - Durango, CO (DRO) Austin, TX (AUS) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Austin, TX (AUS) - Charlottesville, VA (CHO) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Columbus, OH (CMH) Cleveland, OH (CLE) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Houston, TX (HOU) Memphis, TN (MEM) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Las Vegas, NV (LAS) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Miami, FL (MIA) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - Reno, NV (RNO) Austin, TX (AUS) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Lexington, KY (LEX) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Miami, FL (MIA) - Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 2991 413 5549 412 5437 411 4082 404 4663 404 3632 404 3969 404 3512 403 3500 403 3136 403 3855 402 4478 402 5150 402 5950 398 2594 397 2850 397 3460 396 2692 396 2700 395 4121 395 3369 394 9083 393 3126 393 3086 392 3863 390 3280 390 5023 390 3946 389 3121 388 4508 386 4922 386 3346 385 5565 384 4378 383 5633 383 5381 381 3146 381 3073 380 2774 379 4516 377 3320 375 3352 373
CITY PAIR Dallas, TX (DFW) - Louisville, KY (SDF) Memphis, TN (MEM) - San Juan, PR (SJU) New York, NY (NYC) - Washington, DC (WAS) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Wilmington, NC (ILM) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Portland, OR (PDX) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Kahului, HI (OGG) - Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) Cape Coral, FL (RSW) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Washington, DC (WAS) San Diego, CA (SAN) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Columbus, OH (CMH) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Anchorage, AK (ANC) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Buffalo, NY (BUF) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Houston, TX (HOU) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Reno, NV (RNO) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Austin, TX (AUS) - Sacramento, CA (SMF) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Orlando, FL (MCO) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Gulfport, MS (GPT) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Houston, TX (HOU) - Kapaa, HI (LIH) Boston, MA (BOS) - El Paso, TX (ELP) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - Miami, FL (MIA) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Miami, FL (PBI) Denver, CO (DEN) - Kahului, HI (OGG) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Sacramento, CA (SMF) Seattle, WA (SEA) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Austin, TX (AUS) - Huntsville, AL (HSV) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Greenville, SC (GSP) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - Lexington, KY (LEX) Lexington, KY (LEX) - New York, NY (NYC) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Detroit, MI (DTW) Gainesville, FL (GNV) - Louisville, KY (SDF) St. Louis, MO (STL) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Miami, FL (MIA) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 6979 372 4175 372 3201 372 2947 372 5639 372 4120 371 3709 371 5129 371 3145 371 3497 370 4369 368 3284 368 2967 367 2702 366 3503 365 2779 365 2778 362 4524 361 6035 360 3479 360 5407 358 3323 357 5869 356 355 4353 5688 353 5668 353 5456 352 4636 352 3973 352 3046 351 5040 350 5380 350 2629 350 3723 349 3718 349 4251 348 4617 348 4458 348 4006 347 5418 346 5379 345 3736 345
CITY PAIR New York, NY (NYC) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Rochester, NY (ROC) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - Salinas, CA (MRY) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - Des Moines, IA (DSM) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Cape Coral, FL (RSW) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Los Angeles, CA (SNA) - Washington, DC (WAS) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Washington, DC (WAS) Reno, NV (RNO) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Miami, FL (PBI) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Cape Coral, FL (RSW) Lexington, KY (LEX) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) San Francisco, CA (SFO) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Austin, TX (AUS) - Lexington, KY (LEX) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Mobile, AL (MOB) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Miami, FL (MIA) Austin, TX (AUS) - Savannah, GA (SAV) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Cincinnati, OH (CIN) Orlando, FL (MCO) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Key West, FL (EYW) - Richmond, VA (RIC) San Jose, CA (SJC) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Boston, MA (BOS) - Grand Junction, CO (GJT) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Pensacola, FL (PNS) - San Juan, PR (SJU) El Paso, TX (ELP) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Nashville, TN (BNA) - Miami, FL (MIA) Durango, CO (DRO) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Nashville, TN (BNA) - Boston, MA (BOS) Cleveland, OH (CLE) - Miami, FL (MIA) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Miami, FL (MIA) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Mobile, AL (MOB) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Gulfport, MS (GPT) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Anchorage, AK (ANC) - Charlotte, NC (CLT) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 3065 344 3063 343 5718 343 4459 343 3640 342 2930 342 2638 342 2798 341 3012 340 3938 340 3470 339 2683 339 3416 338 2644 338 4331 337 4564 336 4641 336 6537 335 4641 334 4797 333 4022 333 5833 332 5027 331 5006 330 3922 328 5947 328 5419 328 2541 327 4740 327 5326 327 4185 326 6192 326 2885 325 3678 325 3715 324 3917 323 4617 323 4599 321 4572 321 2599 321 3201 320 3532 319
CITY PAIR Wilmington, NC (ILM) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Washington, DC (WAS) Columbus, OH (CMH) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Grand Junction, CO (GJT) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Wilmington, NC (ILM) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) St. Louis, MO (STL) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Greenville, SC (GSP) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Hartford, CT (BDL) - New Orleans, LA (MSY) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Hartford, CT (BDL) - San Diego, CA (SAN) San Antonio, TX (SAT) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Nashville, TN (BNA) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) San Antonio, TX (SAT) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Cleveland, OH (CLE) - New York, NY (HPN) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - Miami, FL (MIA) Gainesville, FL (GNV) - New Orleans, LA (MSY) Boston, MA (BOS) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) San Juan, PR (SJU) - Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) Austin, TX (AUS) - Hartford, CT (BDL) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Milwaukee, WI (MKE) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Columbia, SC (CAE) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) San Diego, CA (SAN) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) New York, NY (HPN) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Boston, MA (BOS) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Dallas, TX (DFW) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Orlando, FL (MCO) San Juan, PR (SJU) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Seattle, WA (SEA) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Key West, FL (EYW) Sacramento, CA (SMF) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 5191 319 4815 318 3776 318 2615 317 4540 317 5003 317 5067 317 6101 317 5690 316 3094 316 4397 315 2920 315 2594 314 5910 313 2844 313 2509 312 2667 311 3358 311 3909 310 3291 310 3126 310 4704 310 5288 310 309 6253 4955 309 4901 309 2809 309 3185 308 6035 307 3387 307 3322 307 6189 307 4527 306 2797 306 4195 305 5024 304 10000 303 4050 303 6112 301 2852 301 3494 300 2582 299
CITY PAIR Austin, TX (AUS) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Seattle, WA (SEA) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Savannah, GA (SAV) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - Las Vegas, NV (LAS) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - Seattle, WA (SEA) New York, NY (HPN) - Memphis, TN (MEM) Hilo, HI (KOA) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Salinas, CA (MRY) - Washington, DC (WAS) Austin, TX (AUS) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Gulfport, MS (GPT) - New York, NY (NYC) Boston, MA (BOS) - Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Key West, FL (EYW) - Louisville, KY (SDF) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - San Diego, CA (SAN) San Francisco, CA (SFO) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Cape Coral, FL (RSW) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Gulfport, MS (GPT) Charleston, SC (CHS) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Orlando, FL (MCO) Denver, CO (DEN) - Greensboro, NC (GSO) St. Louis, MO (STL) - St. Croix, VI (STX) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - Louisville, KY (SDF) Lexington, KY (LEX) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Jackson, MS (JAN) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Gulfport, MS (GPT) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Montgomery, AL (MGM) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Cape Coral, FL (RSW) Syracuse, NY (SYR) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Miami, FL (PBI) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Sacramento, CA (SMF) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Pensacola, FL (PNS) St. Louis, MO (STL) - Washington, DC (WAS) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 2846 299 6209 298 3796 298 4230 297 3885 297 2818 297 3345 296 4067 295 4454 295 5619 295 2609 295 4484 295 4280 293 3986 293 3930 293 6170 293 4099 293 3454 293 4246 293 2676 291 9574 290 4094 290 4704 289 4618 289 3071 289 3884 288 2888 288 3382 287 9073 287 3581 287 4320 287 4719 287 5478 287 4028 286 6343 286 3056 286 4611 286 3433 286 2501 285 3660 285 4733 285 3561 284
CITY PAIR Dallas, TX (DFW) - Gainesville, FL (GNV) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) New York, NY (NYC) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Jackson, MS (JAN) - New York, NY (NYC) New York, NY (HPN) - Lexington, KY (LEX) Denver, CO (DEN) - Mobile, AL (MOB) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Huntsville, AL (HSV) Key West, FL (EYW) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Columbus, OH (CMH) - El Paso, TX (ELP) Houston, TX (HOU) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Louisville, KY (SDF) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Miami, FL (MIA) - New Orleans, LA (MSY) Greenville, SC (GSP) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Hartford, CT (BDL) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Dallas, TX (DFW) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) St. Thomas, VI (STT) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Miami, FL (PBI) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Riverside, CA (PSP) Columbus, OH (CMH) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - Sacramento, CA (SMF) Anchorage, AK (ANC) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) New Orleans, LA (MSY) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Milwaukee, WI (MKE) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - Miami, FL (PBI) Gainesville, FL (GNV) - Washington, DC (WAS) Gulfport, MS (GPT) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Cape Coral, FL (RSW) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - Louisville, KY (SDF) Sacramento, CA (SMF) - Washington, DC (WAS) Austin, TX (AUS) - Cape Coral, FL (RSW) Richmond, VA (RIC) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 6248 283 3346 283 4681 282 3886 282 4864 280 3366 280 5509 278 5237 278 3483 277 4590 276 4404 276 3612 275 4056 275 2929 274 3293 273 4131 272 2756 272 2651 271 2970 271 3775 271 4014 270 5804 270 4033 270 270 3273 4436 269 3537 269 5458 268 6530 268 2515 267 4591 266 2572 266 5094 266 3952 265 4213 265 4823 264 4883 263 3661 262 2839 262 7869 261 2686 261 2913 261 2720 261
CITY PAIR Mobile, AL (MOB) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Omaha, NE (OMA) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Columbia, SC (CAE) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Austin, TX (AUS) - Chattanooga, TN (CHA) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Boston, MA (BOS) - Pensacola, FL (PNS) Minneapolis, MN (MSP) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Richmond, VA (RIC) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Philadelphia, PA (PHL) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Austin, TX (AUS) - Cincinnati, OH (CIN) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Savannah, GA (SAV) Cleveland, OH (CLE) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - El Paso, TX (ELP) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Raleigh, NC (RDU) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Boston, MA (BOS) - Mobile, AL (MOB) Grand Junction, CO (GJT) - Miami, FL (MIA) Austin, TX (AUS) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Gainesville, FL (GNV) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) El Paso, TX (ELP) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - Houston, TX (HOU) Boston, MA (BOS) - Miami, FL (MIA) Birmingham, AL (BHM) - Key West, FL (EYW) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Jackson, MS (JAN) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Jackson, MS (JAN) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Reno, NV (RNO) Charleston, SC (CHS) - Fayetteville, AR (XNA) Wilmington, NC (ILM) - Las Vegas, NV (LAS) Columbia, SC (CAE) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Honolulu, HI (HNL) - Washington, DC (WAS) St. Louis, MO (STL) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Austin, TX (AUS) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Jacksonville, FL (JAX) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 3410 261 2876 260 2766 260 4309 259 3457 259 5587 258 3604 257 4338 257 3307 257 6289 256 3508 256 3311 255 3396 255 5014 255 3879 254 5733 254 2934 254 3827 253 5972 252 5590 252 4697 251 5168 250 5133 249 4940 249 5388 249 4141 249 5173 248 5400 248 2916 248 4051 248 3887 248 4205 247 3698 247 4440 247 3892 246 5979 246 6043 246 3428 245 4913 245 5733 245 4814 244 3399 230
CITY PAIR Houston, TX (HOU) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Denver, CO (DEN) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) El Paso, TX (ELP) - Orlando, FL (MCO) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - El Paso, TX (ELP) Boston, MA (BOS) - Jackson, MS (JAN) Milwaukee, WI (MKE) - Reno, NV (RNO) Gulfport, MS (GPT) - Kansas City, MO (MCI) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - New York, NY (NYC) San Francisco, CA (SFO) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Miami, FL (MIA) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Lexington, KY (LEX) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Montgomery, AL (MGM) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Savannah, GA (SAV) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Gainesville, FL (GNV) - Raleigh, NC (RDU) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Miami, FL (MIA) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Milwaukee, WI (MKE) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Huntsville, AL (HSV) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Montgomery, AL (MGM) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - New York, NY (NYC) Birmingham, AL (BHM) - Des Moines, IA (DSM) Hartford, CT (BDL) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Greensboro, NC (GSO) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Savannah, GA (SAV) Pensacola, FL (PNS) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Pensacola, FL (PNS) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Austin, TX (AUS) - Grand Junction, CO (GJT) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Pensacola, FL (PNS) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Cape Coral, FL (RSW) Wilmington, NC (ILM) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Riverside, CA (ONT) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Philadelphia, PA (PHL) Greenville, SC (GSP) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Omaha, NE (OMA) Grand Junction, CO (GJT) - Orlando, FL (MCO) Key West, FL (EYW) - Los Angeles, CA (LAX) Charlottesville, VA (CHO) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 4044 244 4020 244 3146 244 4450 244 3999 243 3832 243 3887 242 4033 242 3400 242 2831 240 4466 240 5257 239 3449 239 3791 239 5092 239 4822 238 3355 238 4288 237 4742 237 3441 237 6507 236 3093 235 4292 235 235 2916 5054 234 4517 234 3713 234 2772 233 2909 233 4674 233 4929 233 3008 233 5337 232 3945 232 3941 232 4397 232 6662 231 4770 231 2586 231 4457 231 6973 230 4463 230
CITY PAIR Key West, FL (EYW) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Dallas, TX (DFW) - Durango, CO (DRO) Key West, FL (EYW) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) St. Croix, VI (STX) - Washington, DC (WAS) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Boston, MA (BOS) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Columbia, SC (CAE) - San Diego, CA (SAN) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Memphis, TN (MEM) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Memphis, TN (MEM) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Atlanta, GA (ATL) - Tucson, AZ (TUS) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Rochester, NY (ROC) Charleston, SC (CHS) - Seattle, WA (SEA) San Diego, CA (SAN) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Seattle, WA (SEA) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Denver, CO (DEN) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Detroit, MI (DTW) - Little Rock, AR (LIT) Los Angeles, CA (LAX) - Fort Walton Beach, FL (VPS) Denver, CO (DEN) - New York, NY (HPN) Hartford, CT (BDL) - Lexington, KY (LEX) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - San Francisco, CA (SFO) Salinas, CA (MRY) - Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) Little Rock, AR (LIT) - San Juan, PR (SJU) San Diego, CA (SAN) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Key West, FL (EYW) - Memphis, TN (MEM) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - New York, NY (HPN) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Phoenix, AZ (PHX) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - Washington, DC (WAS) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - New York, NY (NYC) Jackson, MS (JAN) - Miami, FL (MIA) Mobile, AL (MOB) - New York, NY (NYC) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Tampa, FL (TPA) Boston, MA (BOS) - Gulfport, MS (GPT) Chicago, IL (CHI) - Los Angeles, CA (SNA) Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Mobile, AL (MOB) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Charlotte, NC (CLT) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Denver, CO (DEN) - Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) Wilmington, NC (ILM) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Kansas City, MO (MCI) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 5747 230 4052 230 6277 229 8150 229 6416 229 4759 229 5003 228 2935 227 4515 227 5156 226 4421 226 3520 226 4887 226 3666 226 3380 226 3233 226 3046 225 5975 225 3907 224 3815 223 3819 223 4745 222 3060 222 6650 221 6569 220 6434 219 6557 219 3464 219 4389 219 3435 219 3718 218 4304 218 4452 218 3054 218 5213 218 3839 217 3247 217 5888 217 2594 215 2598 215 6783 215 6205 215
CITY PAIR Columbia, SC (CAE) - Houston, TX (HOU) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) New York, NY (NYC) - San Antonio, TX (SAT) Gulfport, MS (GPT) - Washington, DC (WAS) San Francisco, CA (SFO) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Greensboro, NC (GSO) - Orlando, FL (MCO) New York, NY (NYC) - San Jose, CA (SJC) Jackson, MS (JAN) - Milwaukee, WI (MKE) Phoenix, AZ (PHX) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Omaha, NE (OMA) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Indianapolis, IN (IND) Charleston, WV (CRW) - Dallas, TX (DFW) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - Knoxville, TN (TYS) Des Moines, IA (DSM) - Cape Coral, FL (RSW) Houston, TX (HOU) - Santa Barbara, CA (SBA) New York, NY (HPN) - Milwaukee, WI (MKE) Pensacola, FL (PNS) - St. Thomas, VI (STT) Fresno, CA (FAT) - Honolulu, HI (HNL) Harrisburg, PA (MDT) - Minneapolis, MN (MSP) Houston, TX (HOU) - Richmond, VA (RIC) Pittsburgh, PA (PIT) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Austin, TX (AUS) - Greenville, SC (GSP) Albuquerque, NM (ABQ) - Boston, MA (BOS) Las Vegas, NV (LAS) - Syracuse, NY (SYR) Houston, TX (HOU) - Salinas, CA (MRY) Jackson, MS (JAN) - San Juan, PR (SJU) Chattanooga, TN (CHA) - New York, NY (NYC) Miami, FL (MIA) - Pensacola, FL (PNS) Indianapolis, IN (IND) - Harrisburg, PA (MDT) Gulfport, MS (GPT) - Greenville, SC (GSP) Virginia Beach, VA (ORF) - Tallahassee, FL (TLH) New York, NY (NYC) - St. Louis, MO (STL) Cincinnati, OH (CIN) - Seattle, WA (SEA) Austin, TX (AUS) - Charleston, SC (CHS) Baton Rouge, LA (BTR) - Detroit, MI (DTW) Post-Merger HHI ∆ HHI 3633 215 3556 215 2806 214 4647 214 3547 214 4997 214 2996 214 5568 213 4598 213 3596 213 4240 212 4244 212 3919 212 3859 211 6373 211 3142 210 5346 210 4872 209 3659 208 3267 207 2610 207 2984 207 3294 207 2755 207 6287 206 6244 205 5046 205 5066 204 3462 203 4923 203 5030 203 2810 203 2858 203 3275 201 5080 201
Documents About Us Airways
frbclv_wp1992-16.pdf
United States v. John Brennan, President and Chief Executive Officer of United States Aviation Underwriters, Inc. And United States Aviation Underwriters, Inc., 183 F.3d 139, 2d Cir. (1999)
Retired Pilots Assoc v. US Airways Group, Inc, 4th Cir. (2004)
SENATE HEARING, 113TH CONGRESS - AIRLINE INDUSTRY CONSOLIDATION
US Air (LCC,$LCC) Makes Move
US Airways, Inc. v. O'DONNELL, 627 F.3d 1318, 10th Cir. (2010)
Charles R. Haggerty v. Usair, Inc, 952 F.2d 781, 3rd Cir. (1992)
Bosiger v. US Airways, 510 F.3d 442, 4th Cir. (2007)
Pridemore v. USAIR, 4th Cir. (1996)
Gary W. Jeffreys Larry S. Craig Richard L. Lee Jerry L. Hall, Jr. James R. Peckinpaugh Karla D. Umberger Eric J. Lewis James E. Vida Jerry D. Watkins William T. Starks Kenneth W. Jannett Vilena Hutchinson, Formerly Known as Vilena Broerman Jayne M. Johnson Vincent J. Caccavo Margie B. Cook David R. Sanchez v. Communications Workers of America, Afl-Cio, and Us Airways, Incorporated, Suggestion of Bankruptcy Filed 8/16/02, 354 F.3d 270, 4th Cir. (2003)