Source: http://www.scribd.com/doc/38342548/Right-of-Rescission-in-Time
Timestamp: 2015-04-19 12:59:47
Document Index: 462028093

Matched Legal Cases: ['§226', '§226', '§226', '§226', '§226', '§226', '§226', '§226', '§226', '§226']

P. 1Right of Rescission in Time..Right of Rescission in Time..Ratings: (0)|Views: 100|Likes: 6Published by CarrieonicMore info:Categories:Types, Business/Law, FinancePublished by: Carrieonic on Sep 28, 2010Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttps://www.scribd.com/doc/38342548/Right-of-Rescission-in-Time06/13/2013pdftextoriginal CONSUMER COMPLIANCE OUTLOOK: SECOND QUARTER 2010
By Ken Shim, Senior Examiner, Federal Reserve Bank of New YorkReports of rising numbers of foreclosures continue to dominate the evening news. A joint report from the Officeof the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) issued in March 2010 statedthat for the institutions they supervise, mortgages classified as seriously delinquent (in bankruptcy or 60 or moredays past due) increased 13.8 percent during the fourth quarter of 2009.
Serious delinquencies for primemortgages, which make up two-thirds of the mortgages in the institutions’ portfolios, showed a 75 percentincrease from a year ago. The report further states that nearly 40 percent of residential mortgage loans forinstitutions supervised by the OCC and OTS that went through loan modification programs became seriouslydelinquent only 12 months after the modification. In this economic environment, the number of foreclosures isnot likely to decline any time soon.It is therefore important that lenders pay close attention to the rescission provisions of Regulation Z, theimplementing regulation for the Truth in Lending Act (TILA). Rescission provides consumers with the right torescind certain credit transactions secured by their principal dwelling for up to three business days afterconsummation. However, if creditors fail to provide borrowers with the notice of the right of rescission or thematerial TILA disclosures, the rescission period is extended to three years. Attorneys representing borrowers inforeclosure will typically scrutinize the notice and TILA disclosures for any violations that would extend therescission period to three years.
In general, the right of rescission applies to both open-end (§226.15) and closed-end (§226.23) consumer credittransactions secured by the consumer’s principal dwelling. However, certain transactions are exempt. Foropen-end credit, §226.15(f) exempts a “residential mortgage transaction” (a loan to purchase or construct aprincipal dwelling) and a credit plan in which a state agency is a creditor. For closed-end credit, §226.23(f)exempts the following transactions: (1) a residential mortgage transaction; (2) a refinancing by the same creditorfor a previous extension of credit already secured by the consumer’s principal dwelling; (3) a transaction in whicha state agency is a creditor; (4) an advance, other than the initial advance, in a series of advances; and (5) arenewal of optional insurance premiums not considered a refinancing under §226.20(a)(5).These exemptions can create ambiguities. For example, if a borrower offers her current residence as collateral tofinance the construction or purchase of another property to be used as a principal residence in the near future, isthe loan subject to rescission? The Official Staff Commentary (OSC) to Regulation Z addresses this issue incomment 226.23(a)(1)-4 for closed-end credit and comment 226.15(a)(1)-6 for open-end credit: Transactions suchas bridge loans are subject to the right of rescission. The right of rescission also applies when the bridge loan issecured by both the current residence and the new property to be used as a principal residence. The consumer’scurrent principal dwelling triggers rescission rights in this circumstance because the bridge loan is secured by thecurrent dwelling and is not for the purpose of purchasing that dwelling. But if the consumer’s construction loanfor a new principal dwelling is secured only by the new dwelling, the loan would qualify as a residentialmortgage transaction that is exempt from rescission.
Another complex situation is whether the residential mortgage transaction exemption applies when a consumerobtains an open-end credit line and uses a portion of the line for a down payment to purchase a dwelling securingthe remainder of the line. In this circumstance, comment 226.15(f)-1 clarifies that only the portion of the lineused for the down payment is exempt from the right of rescission.For refinancing of closed-end credit, the right of rescission applies under comment 226.23(f)-4 if a new creditor isinvolved or if a new advance is made by the existing creditor. A new advance does not include the cost of therefinancing, such as attorney’s fees, title examination, and insurance fees, if bona fide and reasonable. It alsodoes not include any finance charges paid or payable with the new loan.
Congress included the right of rescission in the TILA legislation to protect homeowners from the practices ofunscrupulous home improvement contractors who obtain liens on their customers’ houses, often without theircustomers’ knowledge. Representative John Sullivan stated that TILA’s rescission requirements would “strike athome improvement racketeers who trick homeowners, particularly the poor, into signing contracts at exorbitantrates, which turn out to be liens on the family residences.”
To protect homeowners from such abuses, Regulation Z requires lenders to provide, in addition to the TILAdisclosure statement, two copies of the notice of the right to rescind to each consumer who has an ownershipinterest in the property. One copy is for the consumer to send to the lender to rescind the loan during the three-business-day period, and the other copy is for the consumer to keep for his or her records, since it containsimportant information about the consumer’s rights and responsibilities. However, if the notice is delivered inelectronic format in accordance with the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (the E-SignAct), only one copy has to be provided to each consumer.
The notice must disclose the retention or acquisitionof a security interest in the consumer’s principal dwelling, the consumer’s right to rescind, the procedure for theconsumer to exercise the right, the effect of exercising the right of rescission, and the date the rescission periodends.If the lender fails to provide a properly completed rescission notice or if the creditor fails to deliver any of thematerial disclosures, the consumer’s right to rescind is extended for a period of three years.
For example, theUnited States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held in
Handy v. Anchor Mortgage Corporation
, 464 F.3d760 (7th Cir. 2006), that the rescission period was extended from three business days to three years because thecreditor provided the borrower with two different model rescission notice forms: H-8 (the general form) and H-9(refinancing with original creditor). Form H-8 was appropriate for the transaction. The court held that providingtwo forms, one of which was incorrect for the transaction, violated TILA’s “clear and conspicuous” requirements.Similarly, in
Harris v. OSI Financial Services, Inc.
, 595 F.Supp.2d 885 (N.D. Ill. 2009), the court extended the
rescission period to three years because the creditor used model form H-8 when it should have used form H-9.
Lenders are prohibited from disbursing the funds (other than in escrow), performing services for the consumer, ordelivering materials to the consumer until the three-business-day rescission period has ended, and the lender hasreasonable assurance that the consumer has not rescinded the transaction. Failure to comply with the three-business-day waiting period requirement can have serious consequences. For example, in
Rand Corporation v. Yer Song Moua
, 559 F.3d 842 (8th Cir. 2009), the Eighth Circuit held that a creditor who required borrowers to sign astatement at loan closing acknowledging receipt of the rescission notice and falsely stating that the three-dayrescission period had passed and that the borrowers had not rescinded the transaction violated TILA andextended the rescission period from three business days to three years. The court cited numerous other decisionsthat reached the same conclusion.All consumers with an ownership interest in the property that will be encumbered by the creditor’s securityinterest must receive a rescission notice, even if they are not applying for credit. Only one consumer’s exercise ofthe rescission right is necessary to rescind the loan. Therefore, lenders must be certain that each consumer withan ownership interest has agreed not to rescind by the end of the rescission period. The only time lenders arepermitted to disburse the funds prior to the end of the rescission period is when the consumer requests the fundsbased on a bona fide personal financial emergency.
The three-business-day rescission period begins following the date of consummation, delivery of two notices ofthe right to rescind to each consumer, or delivery of all material disclosures, whichever occurs last. For thepurpose of the right of rescission, business day includes all calendar days except Sundays and legal publicholidays. Lenders must disclose the last day for the consumer to rescind the loan by applying this correctdefinition of business day. In
Cornerstone Mortgage, Inc. v. Ponzar , 254 S.W.3d 221 (Mo.App. E.D. 2008), thecreditor’s rescission notice erroneously stated that the last day for the borrowers to exercise their right ofrescission was January 15, 2006. The correct date was January 17, 2006, but the creditor failed to excludeSunday and a legal holiday when calculating three business days. As a result, the court held that the rescissionperiod was extended to three years. A related problem occurs when the creditor fails to disclose the deadline forexercising the right of rescission in the rescission notice. In
Johnson v. Chase Manhattan Bank USA, N.A.
, 2007 WL2033833 (E.D.Pa. July 11, 2007), the court extended the rescission period to three years because the creditor lefta blank in the deadline area of the rescission notice: “If you cancel by mail or telegram, you must send the noticeno later than midnight of [left blank] (or midnight of the third business day following the latest of the threeevents listed above).”It is important to understand the definition of “consummation” for the purpose of calculating the three-business-day rescission period. Section 226.2(a)(13) defines “consummation” as “the time that a consumerbecomes contractually obligated on a credit transaction.” Comment 226.2(a)(13)-1 clarifies that thisdetermination must be made by reference to applicable state law. For example, in
Murphy v. Empire of America, FSA
, 746 F.2d 931, 934 (2d Cir. 1984), the Second Circuit concluded, based on New York law, thatconsummation occurred once the borrowers accepted the lender’s commitment offer.The meaning of “consummation” is also important for determining whether a consumer can exercise the right ofrescission. The Fourth Circuit recently had to determine whether loan applicants could exercise the right ofrescission for an unconsummated credit transaction. In
, 594 F.3d 270 (4th Cir.2010), applicants who had been approved for a loan attempted to rescind it prior to closing to obtain a refund oftheir deposit because the rate increased. The court rejected their rescission request because it found thatrescission applies only to consummated credit transactions, and the loan was never consummated. The
case is discussed in greater detail in“On the Docket.”
The three-business-day rescission clock commences following the date of consummation, delivery of two noticesof the right to rescind, or delivery of all the material disclosures, whichever occurs last. Material disclosures aredefined in footnote 36 of §226.15(a)(3) for open-end credit and in footnote 48 of §226.23(a)(3) for closed-endcredit. For open-end transactions, the material disclosures are:the method of determining the finance charge and the balance upon which a finance charge will beimposed;the annual percentage rate (APR);the amount or method of determining the amount of any membership or participation fee that could becharged;the length of the draw period and any repayment period;an explanation of how the minimum payment is calculated;the timing of the payments; andif payment of only the minimum periodic payment may not repay any of the principal or may repay lessthan the outstanding balance, a statement of this fact as well as that a balloon payment may result.For closed-end transactions, the material disclosures are:the APR;the finance charge;the amount financed;the total of payments;the payment schedule;the high-cost loan disclosures in §226.32(c) and restrictions in §226.32(d); andthe restrictions on prepayment penalties for higher priced mortgage loans in §226.35(b)(2)
Creditors should be especially careful with disclosures for the APR, the finance charge, and the payment schedulebecause violations of these disclosures most frequently trigger the three-year rescission period. Section 226.23(g)provides a tolerance for errors in disclosures affected by the finance charge, including the amount financed andthe APR. These disclosures are considered accurate if the disclosed finance charge is understated by no more than0.5 percent of the face amount of the note or $100, whichever is greater, or if it is overstated by any amount.For a refinance with a new creditor, the disclosures are considered accurate if the finance charge is understatedby no more than 1 percent of the face amount of the note or $100, whichever is greater. A special rule applieswhen the consumer’s principal dwelling securing a consumer credit transaction is in foreclosure. The disclosed
Similar to Right of Rescission in Time..MortgageLoanFraud[1]CarrieonicDiscovery CarrieonicMotion for Sanction of Dismissal With Prejudice or Dismis...Foreclosure FraudReport on Subprime Crises 2007CarrieonicUsa Today March 14 2008CarrieonicCredit Default Swap InfoCarrieonicMisbehavior and Mistake in Bankruptcy Mortgage ClaimsCarrieonicLaw and Litigation in Subprime Mortgages - a Harvard Paper CarrieonicMotion to Compel TemplateCarrieonicMarie Mcdonnell (Certified Fraud Examiner) -- Amicus Brie...83jjmackUnlawful Detainer Ccp 1161a Foreclosure Sale Ud Issues of...davidchey4617REFORMS FOR AMERICAN HOMEOWNERS AND CONSUMERSCarrieonicMortgage Fraud StudyCarrieonicUnfair and Unsafe Country Wide White PaperCarrieonicLegal research for Non LawyersCarrieonic38108305 in Re Cooley Rescission Complete Defense to Fore...CarrieonicAttorney Generals Report on Taking Action in ForeclosuresCarrieonic2006 Compendium Court Mediation InfoCarrieonicMisbehavior and Mistake in Bankruptcy Mortgage ClaimsCarrieonicEvidenceCarrieonicTila, Recission, and Truth in Lending ArgumentsCarrieonicFORE Report 0209Carrieonicdelia-frclsrmotionvacatejudgmentv1CarrieonicCredit Suisse v. La Mattina[1]CarrieonicTILA Rescission Success Without Tender HENRY BOTELHO Plai...Carrieonic
RecommendedMortgageLoanFraud[1]CarrieonicDiscovery CarrieonicMotion for Sanction of Dismissal With...Foreclosure Fraud4closurefraud.orgReport on Subprime Crises 2007CarrieonicUsa Today March 14 2008CarrieonicCredit Default Swap InfoCarrieonicMisbehavior and Mistake in Bankruptcy...CarrieonicLaw and Litigation in Subprime Mortga...CarrieonicMotion to Compel TemplateCarrieonicMarie Mcdonnell (Certified Fraud Exam...83jjmackamicus briefUnlawful Detainer Ccp 1161a Foreclosu...davidchey4617REFORMS FOR AMERICAN HOMEOWNERS AND C...CarrieonicFROM THE WHITE HOUSE 2010Mortgage Fraud StudyCarrieonicUnfair and Unsafe Country Wide White ...CarrieonicLegal research for Non LawyersCarrieonic38108305 in Re Cooley Rescission Comp...CarrieonicAttorney Generals Report on Taking Ac...Carrieonic2006 Compendium Court Mediation InfoCarrieonicMisbehavior and Mistake in Bankruptcy...CarrieonicEvidenceCarrieonicTila, Recission, and Truth in Lending...CarrieonicFORE Report 0209Carrieonicdelia-frclsrmotionvacatejudgmentv1CarrieonicCredit Suisse v. La Mattina[1]CarrieonicTILA Rescission Success Without Tende...CarrieonicPrevious|NextPage 1 of 7