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Patent US5093408 - Hydroxylic acrylate copolymer, process for its preparation, and coating ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe invention relates to a hydroxylic acrylate copolymer which contains a proportion of copolymerized monomers having at least 2 double bonds, and to the process for the preparation of the acrylate copolymer. The invention also relates to coating agents which contain acid-curable binders, organic solvents...http://www.google.com/patents/US5093408?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5093408 - Hydroxylic acrylate copolymer, process for its preparation, and coating agent based on the acrylateAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5093408 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/366,768Publication dateMar 3, 1992Filing dateJun 15, 1989Priority dateApr 4, 1984Fee statusLapsedAlso published asDE3412534A1, DE3566894D1, EP0158161A1, EP0158161B1, US4880889, WO1985004665A1Publication number07366768, 366768, US 5093408 A, US 5093408A, US-A-5093408, US5093408 A, US5093408AInventorsWerner Jung, Christoph Klesse, Axel SieversOriginal AssigneeBasf Lacke & Earben AgExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (1), Referenced by (21), Classifications (31), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetHydroxylic acrylate copolymer, process for its preparation, and coating agent based on the acrylate
US 5093408 AAbstract
The invention relates to a hydroxylic acrylate copolymer which contains a proportion of copolymerized monomers having at least 2 double bonds, and to the process for the preparation of the acrylate copolymer. The invention also relates to coating agents which contain acid-curable binders, organic solvents and, if appropriate, pigments, fillers and conventional assistants and additives and which contain, as the essential binder, the hydroxylic acrylate copolymer and an alkylated melamine/formaldehyde resin. The invention also relates to coating agents which, as the essential binders, contain the hydroxylic acrylate copolymer in one or more different polyfunctional isocyanates.
1. A coating composition comprising:A) from about 55 to about 90% by weight of a precrosslinked hydroxylic acrylate copolymer comprising the reaction product of:a1) from 10 to 60% by weight of at least one hydroxylic alkyl ester selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl acrylic acid esters and hydroxyalkyl methacrylic acid esters having between 2 and 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain: a2) from 3 to 25% by weight of at least one monomer having at least two polymerizable olefinically unsaturated bonds; a3) from 15 to 82% by weight of at least one polymerizable monomer having one olefinically unsaturated bond, the sum of components a1, a2, and a3 being 100% of said copolymer, and wherein said copolymer is ungelled; and B) from about 10 to 45% by weight of a cross-linking agent, the sum of A) and B) being 100% by weight of said coating composition. 2. The coating composition according to claim 1 wherein said acrylate copolymer is dispersed in a solvent to a polymerized solids content of about 40% to about 65% by weight and a viscosity of about 0.4 to about 10 dPas at 23� C.
3. The coating composition according to claim 2 wherein said cross-linking agent B) is a melamine/formaldehyde resin having a mean molecular weight from about 250 to about 1000 and a degree of methylolation of at least about 0.65, said resin being etherified with an etherifying agent to the extent of at least about 80 mol %, based on the maximum theoretical etherification.
4. The coating composition according to claim 3 wherein said etherifying agent B) is selected from the group consisting of monoalcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and monoethers of diols having 2 to 7 carbon atoms.
5. The coating composition according to claim 3 wherein said hydroxylic alkyl ester comprises between about 25 and 40% by weight of said acrylate copolymer.
6. The coating composition according to claim 3 wherein said acrylate copolymer comprises between about 70 and 80% by weight of said coating composition.
7. The coating composition according to claim 3 which is further comprised of at least one member selected from the group consisting of pigments, fillers and catalysts.
8. A coating composition comprising:A) a pre-crosslinked hydroxylic acrylate copolymer comprising the reaction product of:a1) from 10 to 60% by weight of at least one hydroxylic alkyl ester selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl acrylic acid esters and hydroxyalkyl methacrylic acid esters having between 2 and 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain; a2) from 3 to 25% by weight of at least one monomer having at least two polymerizable olefinically unsaturated bonds; a3) from 15 to 82% by weight of at least one polymerizable monomer having one olefinically unsaturated bond, the sum of components a1, a2, and a3 being 100% of said copolymer; and B) at least one polyfunctional isocyanate, the ratio of isocyanate groups in said polyfunctional isocyanate to hydroxyl groups in said pre-crosslinked acrylate copolymer being within the range of about 0.3:1 to about 3.5:1. 9. The coating composition according to claim 8 wherein said acrylate copolymer is dispersed in a solvent to a polymerized solids content of about 40% to about 65% by weight and a viscosity of about 0.4 to about dPas.
10. The coating composition according to claim 8 wherein said hydroxylic alkyl ester comprises between about 15 and 40% by weight of said acrylate copolymer.
11. The coating composition according to claim 8 which is further comprised of agents selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, pigments, fillers, additives, assistants, and catalysts.
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 134,576, filed 12/8/87, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,889.
EP-A 103,199 has disclosed an acrylate copolymer of the abovementioned type. EP-A 103,199 has also disclosed the processing of the copolymer of the abovementioned type with a suitable crosslinking agent to give a coating agent. An etherified amine/formaldehyde resin is mentioned inter alia as a crosslinking agent.
Moreover, EP-A 64,338 has disclosed an acid-curable coating agent based on an acrylate copolymer and a melamine/formaldehyde resin.
a1) 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 15 to 60% by weight, of hydroxylic esters of acrylic/methacrylic acid, having 2 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical,
a2) 3 to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, of monomers having at least 2 polymerizable olefinically unsaturated double bonds, and
a3) 15 to 82% by weight, preferable 40 to 70% by weight, of further polymerizable monomers having one olefinically unsaturated (sic) double bond, the sum of components a1, a2 and a3 being 100% by weight.
Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## where
X=0, N or S
The component a2 can advantageously also be a reaction product of a carboxylic acid having a polymerizable olefinically unsaturated double bond and glycidyl acrylate and/or glycidylmethacrylate, or a polycarboxylic acid or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid esterified with an unsaturated alcohol.
Another advantageous component a2 is a diester of polyethylene glycol and/or polypropylene glycol of a mean molecular weight of less than 1500, preferably less than 1000, and acrylic and/or methacrylic acid. According to the invention, acrylates having more than 2 ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, for example trimethylolpropane triacrylates or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, can also be used as the component a2. Of course, combinations of these polyunsaturated monomers can also be used.
The choice of the further polymerizable monomers of component a3 is not particularly critical. These can be chosen from the group comprising styrene, vinyltoluene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, alkoxyethyl acrylates and aryloxyethyl acrylates and the corresponding methacrylates, and the esters of maleic and fumaric acids. Examples of these are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, octadecenyl acrylate, pentyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylbutyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, alkoxyethyl acrylates or methacrylates, such as butoxyethyl acrylate or butoxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and phenoxyethyl acrylate. Other monomers can be used, unless they cause undesirable properties of the copolymer.
The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of an acrylate copolymer, which comprises copolymerizing, for its preparation,
a1) 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 15 to 60% by weight, of hydroxylic esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, having 2 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical,
a2) 3 to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, of monomers having at least 2 polymerizable olefinically unsaturated double bonds and
a3) 15 to 82% by weight, preferably 40 to 70% by weight, of further polymerizable monomers having one olefinically unsaturated double bond, in an organic solvent with the addition of polymerization initiators and polymerization regulators to give a precrosslinked, ungelled product, the sum of the components a1, a2 and a3 being 100% by weight.
Care must be taken in order to obtain a precrosslinked, but ungelled copolymer. Surprisingly, a clear, transparent, ungelled solution of a branched copolymer can be prepared by means of suitable polymerization conditions. The use of monomers having at least 2 ethylenically unsaturated groups causes precrosslinking of the copolymer molecules, but due to the special reaction conditions according to the invention this nevertheless does not lead to gelled products. These special reaction conditions comprise carrying out the polymerization at temperatures from 80� to 130� C., preferably 90� to 120� C., at a relatively low polymerized solids content of about 50% by weight. Furthermore, it is necessary to use suitable initiators and, depending on the proportion of difunctional monomer, at least 0.5% by weight, but preferably at least 2.5% by weight, of a polymerization regulator (chain stopper), for example mercapto compounds. The choice of the initiator depends on the proportion of the difunctional monomers used. In the case of a low proportion, the initiators conventional for such temperatures, for example peroxy esters, can be used. In the case of a higher proportion of difunctional monomer, initiators such as azo compounds are preferably employed. After the polymerization, the polymer solution is concentrated to the desired solids content, preferably solids contents of 60% by weight, by distilling off the solvent. When adjusted to a solids content of 50% by weight, the clear copolymer solutions thus obtained have a viscosity of 0.4 to 10 dPas.
The invention also relates to a coating agent which contains a binder, organic solvents, if appropriate pigments, fillers and conventional assistants and additives and, if appropriate, is curable by means of a catalyst and which, as the essential binder, contains the acrylate copolymer according to the invention and a binder suitable for cross-linking the former.
A) 55 to 90% by weight, preferably 70 to 80% by weight, of the acrylate copolymer according to the invention and
B) 10 to 45% by weight, preferably 20 to 30% by weight, of a melamine/formaldehyde resin having a mean molecular weight from 250 to 1000 and a degree of a methylolation of at least 0.65, preferably 0.9 to 1, which resin is etherified with monoalcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and/or monoethers of diols having 2 to 7 carbon atoms in total, to an extent of at least 80 mol %, preferably 90 to 100 mol %, based on the maximum possible etherification, the sum of the binders A) and B) being 100% by weight.
The melamine/formaldehyde resin used as the binder B) can have been etherified with, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. Hexakis-(methoxy)-methylmelamine is very suitable. Of course, the component B can also consist of urea/formaldehyde and benzoguanamine formaldehyde resins.
Before they are used, the coating agents according to the invention are mixed with an acid catalyst, in order to reduce the curing temperature and to accelerate curing. The catalyst is used in a quantity of 1 to 5% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3.5% by weight, based on the solids content of binders A) and B). Sulfonic acid compounds, in particular p-toluene sulfonic acid, are particularly suitable. Mixtures of catalysts can also be employed.
A) a1) 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 15 to 60% by weight, of hydroxylic esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, having 2 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical,
a2) 3 to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, of monomers having at least 2 polymerizable olefinically unsaturated (sic) double bonds and
a3) 15 to 82% by weight, preferably 40 to 70% by weight, of further polymerizable monomers having one olefinically unsaturated (sic) double bond, in an organic solvent with the addition of polymerization initiators and polymerization regulators to give a precross-linked, ungelled product, the sum of the components a1, a2 and a3 being 100% by weight, and processing this copolymer A) in a proportion of 55 to 90% by weight, preferably 70 to 80% by weight, with
B) 10 to 45% by weight, preferably 20 to 30% by weight, of a melamine/formaldehyde resin having a molecular weight from 250 to 1000 and a degree of methylolation of at least 0.65, preferably 0.9 to 1, which resin is etherified with monoalcohols of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and/or monoethers of diols having 2 to 7 carbon atoms in total, to an extent of at least 80 mol %, preferably 90 to 100 mol %, based on the maximum possible etherification, and with organic solvents and, if appropriate, pigments and conventional assistants and additives, by mixing and, if necessary, dispersing to give a coating composition, the sum of binders A) and B) being 100% by weight.
A) according to the invention and
B) one or more different polyfunctional isocyanates, with the proviso that the ratio of the isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups is within the range from 0.3:1 to 3.5:1.
Examples of polyfunctional isocyanates, which can be used for crosslinking the hydroxylic copolymers, are 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-diocyanato-3-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane, m-xylylene diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenyl ether, 2,4,6-triisocyanatotoluene and 4,4',4"-triisocyanatotriphenylmethane. The polyisocyanates can be linked to give propolymers of higher molecular weight. Adducts of toluylene diisocyanate and trimethylolpropane, a biuret formed from 3 molecules of hexamethylene diisocyanate, and the trimers of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane may be mentioned here.
In the case of the acrylate copolymers crosslinked with isocyanate groups, preferably 15 to 40% by weight of component a1 are used, the sum of components a1, a2 and a3 being 100% by weight.
a3) 15 to 82% by weight, preferably 40 to 70% by weight, of further polymerizable monomers having one olefinically unsaturated (sic) double bond, in an organic solvent with the addition of polymerization initiators and polymerization regulators to give a pre-crosslinked, ungelled product, the sum of components a1, a2 and a3 being 100% by weight, and processing this copolymer A) with
B) one or more different polyfunctional isocyanates and with organic solvents and, if appropriate, pigments and conventional assistants and additives, by mixing and, if necessary, dispersing to give a coating composition, with the proviso that the ratio of the isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups is within the range from 0.3:1 to 3.5:1.
The coating agents according to the invention can be cured at low temperatures, for example at 20� to 80� C., and are therefore employed particularly for automobile finish repairs.
The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a coating, wherein an acid catalyst in a quantity of 1 to 5% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3.5% by weight, based on the solids content of binders A) and B), is admixed to a coating agent as claimed in claim 18 or 19, the mixture obtained is applied in the form of a film to a substrate by spraying, flooding, dipping, rolling, knife application or brushing and a film is cured at temperatures from 20� to 80� C. to give a firmly adhering coating.
A) Preparation of copolymers according to the invention
(Binder A)
In the examples which follow, all percentage figures relate to parts by weight, unless otherwise stated. The solids content values were determined in a circulating-air oven after 1 hour at 130� C. The viscosities were determined in a cone-and-plate viscometer.
1. Preparation of acrylate resin I
The solvent mixture is heated to 110� C. Within 3 hours, the following are metered in uniformly:
The polymerization is then completed during a further 3 hours at 110� C. A solids content of 50.5% is reached. About 340 parts of solvent are distilled off in vacuo at 60�-70� C. The clear, colorless acrylate resin solution has a solids content of 60.6%, an acid number of 0.1, an OH number of 97 and a viscosity of 2.0 dPas at 23� C. at a solids content adjusted to 50% with ethylglycol acetate.
2. Preparation of acrylate resin II
The polymerization is then completed during a further 3 hours at 110� C. A solids content of 50.5% is reached. About 340 parts of solvent are distilled off in vacuo at 60�-70� C. The clear, colorless acrylate resin solution has a solids content of 61.4%, an acid number of 0.4, and an OH number of 173 and a viscosity of 6.6 dPas at 23� C. at a solids content adjusted to 50% with ethyl glycol acetate.
The polymerization is then completed during a further 3 hours at 110� C. A solids content of 49.8% is reached. About 340 parts of solvent are distilled off in vacuo at 60�-70� C. The clear, colorless acrylate resin solution has a solids content of 60.9%, an acid number of 0.3, and an OH number of 162 and a viscosity of 3.8 dPas at 23� C. at a solids content adjusted to 50% with ethylglycol acetate.
The solvent mixture and a part of the required quantity of initiator are heated to 110� C. Within 3 hours, the following are metered in uniformly:
The polymerization is then completed during a further 3 hours at 110� C. The clear, colorless acrylate resin solution has a solids content of 61.5%, an acid number of 4.1, and an OH number of 130 and a viscosity of 4.8 dPas at 23� C., at a solids content adjusted to 50% with ethylglycol acetate.
360 parts of butyl acetate, 180 parts of methoxypropyl acetate and 10 parts of tert.-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexanoate are introduced into a 3 l kettle.
The polymerization is then completed during a further 3 hours at 110� C. The solids content of 50.9% is reached. About 340 parts of solvent are distilled off in vacuo at 60�-70� C. The clear, colorless acrylate resin solution has a solids content of 61.5%, an acid number of 3.1, an OH number of 130 and a viscosity of 3.6 dPas at 23� C. at a solids content adjusted to 50% with ethylglycol acetate.
The polymerization is then completed during a further 3 hours at 110� C. A solids content of 48.9% is reached. About 340 parts of solvent are distilled off in vacuo at 60�-70� C. The clear, colorless acrylate resin solution has a solids content of 59.1%, an acid number of 1.6, an OH number of 97 and a viscosity of 6.5 dPas at 23� C. at a solids content adjusted to 50% with ethylglycol acetate.
361 parts of butyl acetate and 181 parts of ethyl glycol acetate are introduced into a 3 l kettle. The solvent mixture is heated to 110� C. Within 3 hours, the following are metered in uniformly:
150 parts of a 1:2 reaction product of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and caprolactone, as described below
The polymerization is then completed during a further 3 hours at 110� C. A solids content of 50.3% is reached. About 340 parts of solvent are distilled off in vacuo at 60�-70� C. The clear, colorless acrylate resin solution has a solids content of 60.1%, an acid number of 0.7, an OH number of 122 and a viscosity of 7.4 dPas at 23� C. originally and a viscosity of 2.2 dPas at a solids content adjusted to 50% with ethylglycol acetate.
B) Preparation of tinting pastes for pigmented top coats
______________________________________White tinting paste P1______________________________________Acrylate resin I          32.0   partsTitanium dioxide, rutile  53.0   partsAnti-settling agent       1.0    part(Salt of a higher-molecular polycarboxylicacid, 52% in higher-boiling aromatics)Xylene                    4.3    partsSolvent mixture           6.7    parts(6:4 xylene/butyl acetate)Treated montmorrillonite  2.0    parts(10% in solvent naphtha/propylene carbonate/soya lecithin 85:4:1)Pyrogenic silica          1.0    part                     100.0  parts______________________________________
______________________________________Yellow tinting paste P2______________________________________Acrylate resin I          67.3   partsAnthrapyrimidine yellow (CI Y 108, 68,420)                     15.0   partsSolvent mixture           15.0   parts(6:4 xylene/butyl acetate)Triethylenetetramine      0.2    partXylene                    2.5    parts                     100.0  parts______________________________________
The items are stirred up successively in a dissolver and then dispersed for 60 minutes in a commercially available laboratory sand mill (10 μm fineness).
______________________________________White tinting paste P3 with extraneous binder______________________________________Solvent mixture (xylene/butyl acetate)                     5.4    partsCommercially available OH-copolymer,                     31.1   partsOH number 150 based on solids, 60% in 2:1xylene/ethylglycol acetate, viscosity(50% in xylene) 450-750 mPasAnti-settling agent       1.0    part(Salt of a higher-molecular polycarboxylicacid, 52% in higher-boiling aromatics)Treated montmorrillonite  2.0    parts(10% in solvent naphtha/propylene carbonatesoya lecithin 85:4:1)Pyrogenic silica          0.5    partTitanium oxide, rutile    60.0   parts                     100.0  parts______________________________________
______________________________________Green tinting paste______________________________________Acrylate resin I         38.6   partsTitanium dioxide, rutile 10.7   partsYellow pigment (Y34, C.I. 77,603)                    4.2    partsYellow pigment (Y34, C.I. 77,600)                    10.5   partsGreen pigment (G7, C.I. 74,260)                    0.5    partsButanol                  23.2   partsTetraline                4.6    partsButyl acetate            7.7    parts                    100.0  parts______________________________________
______________________________________Red tinting paste______________________________________Acrylate resin I           46.3   partsRed pigment (R104, C.I. 77,605)                      44.2   partsWetting and dispersing additive                      1.0    part(Partial amide and ammonium salt of a higher-molecular unsaturated polycarboxylic acid, combinedwith an organically modified siloxane copolymer)Ethylglycol acetate        8.5    parts                      100.0  parts______________________________________
C) Preparation of top coats
Resistance to premium gasoline (FAM standard gasoline DIN 51,604) and xylene:
Damp heat resistance:
A phosphated steel sheet with the conventional structure (cathodic electrocoat primer, epoxy filler, top coat) is exposed for the indicated period to a humidity-saturated atmosphere at 40� C.
Sticking test:
______________________________________Acrylate resin I         43.5   partsWhite tinting paste P1   34.3   partsHexakis-(methoxymethyl)-melamine                    7.7    partsXylene                   13.8   partsCommercially available silicone oil (5%)                    1.0    partPyridine salt of p-toluenesulfonic acid                    5.7    parts(20%)______________________________________
______________________________________Acrylate resin I         69.1   partsYellow tinting paste P2  14.0   partsHexakis-(methoxymethyl)-melamine                    12.0   partsXylene                   4.9    partsCommercially available silicone oil (5%)                    1.0    partPyridine salt of p-tolulenesulfonic acid                    8.5    parts(20%)______________________________________
With forced drying (30 minutes at 60� C.), the following property level is reached (unless otherwise stated, the exposure tests were carried out one hour after removal from the drying oven).
______________________________________            White coat                     Yellow coat______________________________________Layer thickness     35 &#956;m  33 &#956;mPendulum hardness 1 hour after               55 sec    50 secdryingAfter 48 hours     108 sec    97 secResistance to a premium              no marking no markinggasoline and xylene (duration              no softening                         after 24 hrsof exposure 5 minutes in each no softeningcase)Sticking test (1 hour stressed              no marking no markingwith adhesive tape)______________________________________
______________________________________Acrylate resin II        36.8   partsHexakis-(methoxymethyl)-melamine                    7.3    partsWhite tinting paste P3   29.4   partsButyl acetate            7.6    partsButanol                  15.0   partsCommercially available silicone oil (5%)                    1.0    partp-toluenesulfonic acid (40%)                    2.9    parts______________________________________
Adjustment diluent: methoxypropyl acetate (18 sec DIN 4)
With forced drying (30 minutes at 60� C.), the following property level is reached (unless otherwise stated, the exposure tests were carried out 1 hour after removal from the drying oven).
______________________________________Layer thickness           32 &#956;mPendulum hardness 1 hour after drying                     95 secafter 48 hours           111 secResistance to premium gasoline and xylene                    no marking,(duration of exposure 5 minutes in each case)                    no softeningSticking test (1 hour stressed with adhesive                    no markingtape)______________________________________
With drying at 20� c. (room temperature), the following property level is reached:
______________________________________Resistance to premium gasoline and xylene                    no marking,after 3 days (duration of exposure 5 minutes                    no softeningin each case)Exposure to damp heat, 260 hours at 40� C.                    no blisters,                    good gloss                    retention______________________________________
______________________________________Layer thickness           35 &#956;mPendulum hardness 1 hour ater drying                     91 secafter 4 days             126 secResistance to premium gasoline and xylene                    no marking,(duration of exposure 5 minutes in each case)                    no softening______________________________________
______________________________________Layer thickness          33 &#956;mPendulum hardness after 48 hours                    81 secAfter 24 hours: resistance to premium                    no marking,gasoline                 no softeningResistance to xylene     slight mark-(5 minutes exposure in each case)                    ingAfter 48 hours           no marking,Resistance to premium gasoline                    no softeningResistance to xylene     no marking,                    no softeningExposure to damp heat, 260 hours at 40� C.                    no blisters,                    slight dulling______________________________________
______________________________________Acrylate resin IV        39.7   partsHexakis-(methoxymethyl)-melamine                    7.3    partsWhite tinting paste P3   29.4   partButyl acetate            4.8    partsButanol                  15.0   partsCommercially available silicone oil (5%)                    1.0    partp-toluenesulfonic acid (40%)                    2.8    parts______________________________________
With forced drying (30 minutes at 60� C.), the following product level is reached (unless otherwise stated, the exposure tests were carried out 1 hour after removal from the drying oven).
______________________________________Layer thickness          36 &#956;mPendulum hardness 1 hour after drying                    70 secafter 24 hours           77 secResistance to premium gasoline and xylene                    no marking,(duration of exposure 5 minutes in each case)                    no softening______________________________________
______________________________________Acrylate resin           38.6   partsHexakis-(methoxymethyl)-melamine                    7.3    partsWhite tinting paste P3   29.4   partsButyl acetate            5.9    partsButanol                  15.0   partsCommercially available silicone oil (5%)                    1.0    partp-toluenesulfonic acid (40%)                    2.8    parts______________________________________
______________________________________Layer thickness           33 &#956;mPendulum hardness 1 hour after drying                     85 secafter 24 hours            98 secafter 14 days            155 secResistance to premium gasoline and xylene                    no marking,(duration of exposure 5 minutes in each case)                    no softening______________________________________
______________________________________Acrylate resin           68.1   partsHexakis-(methoxymethyl)-melamine                    10.2   partsXylene                   13.2   partsCommercially available silicone oil (5%)                    1.0    partPyridine salt of p-toluenesulfonic acid                    7.5    parts(20%)______________________________________
With forced drying (30 minutes at 60� C.), the following property level is reached (unless otherwise stated the exposure tests were carried out 1 hour after removal from the drying oven).
______________________________________                  Clear coating______________________________________Layer thickness           32 &#956;mPendulum hardness 1 hour after drying                     95 secafter 48 hours           111 secResistance to premium gasoline and xylene                    no marking,(duration of exposure 5 minutes in each case)                    no softeningSticking test (1 hour stressed with adhesive                    no markingtape)______________________________________
______________________________________Acrylate resin VII       42.0   partsHexakis-(methoxymethyl)-melamine                    7.7    partsWhite tinting paste P3   30.8   partsButanol                  15.6   partsCommercially available silicone oil (5%)                    1.0    partp-toluenesulfonic acid (40%)                    2.9    parts______________________________________
With forced drying (30 minutes at 60� C.), the following property level is reached (unless otherwise stated, the exposure tests were carried out 1 hour after removal from the drying oven):
______________________________________Layer thickness          32 &#956;mPendulum hardness 1 hour after drying                    81 secafter 6 days             87 secResistance to premium gasoline and xylene                    slight mark-(duration of exposure 5 minutes in each case)                    ingAfter 48 hours           no marking                    no softening______________________________________
______________________________________Acrylate resin III       29.7   partsPolyisocyanate           26.5   parts(75%, triisocyanate from trimethylol-propane with 3 mol of toluylene diiso-cyanate, in ethyl acetate)Red tinting paste        25.0   partsButyl acetate            18.75  partsEthylene diamine         0.05   part(10% in isopropanol)propanol) (sic)                    100.0  parts______________________________________
______________________________________Acrylate resin I         40.9   partsPolyisocyanate           18.3   parts(75%, triisocyanate from trimethylolpropane with 3 mol of toluylenediisocyanate, in ethyl acetate)Green tinting paste      31.3   partsButyl acetate            9.4    partsEthylenediamine          0.1    part(10% in isopropanol)                    100.0  parts______________________________________
With forced drying (30 minutes at 60� C.), the following property level is reached:
______________________________________           Example 9 Example 10______________________________________Layer thickness    40 &#956;m    42 &#956;mPendulum hardness6 hours after removal              53 sec      63 secfrom the drying oven24 hours after removal             137 sec     126 secfrom the drying ovenResistance to premium gaso-             no marking, no marking,line and xylene (5 minutes             no softening                         no softeningexposure in each case, 6 hoursafter removal from the dryingoven)______________________________________
______________________________________Acrylate resin I       45.8    partsPolyisocyanate         13.4    parts(Triisocyanate from 3 mol ofhexamethylene diisocyanate,trimerized, 90% in 1:1 butylacetate/solvent naphtha)Green tinting paste    31.2    partsButyl acetate          9.52    partsEthylene diamine       0.08    part(10% in isopropanol)                  100.00  parts______________________________________
With forced drying (20 minutes at 120� C.), the following property level is reached:
______________________________________Layer thickness        40 &#956;mPendulum hardness6 hours after removal  90 secfrom the drying oven24 hours after removal                 125 secfrom the drying ovenResistance to premium gasoline                 no marking(5 minutes exposure, 6 hours                 no softeningafter removal from the dryingoven)Resistance to xylene, very slight5 minutes exposure in each case                 marking, very6 hours after removal slight soften-from the drying oven  ing;24 hours after removal                 no marking,from the drying oven  no softening______________________________________
The acrylate resins I and III are examined by photoncorrelation spectroscopy for a content of microgel particles. The result of the examination is that there is no analytical indication of a microgel content. The resin solutions were examined by means of a Coulter Model N 4 sub-micron particle analyzer of Curtin Matheson Scientific Inc., Detroit, Mich., USA.
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