Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN1839313A/en
Timestamp: 2018-09-21 08:39:06
Document Index: 375991795

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No.60', 'application No.10', 'application No.60', 'application No.10', 'Application No.09', 'Application No.10', 'Application No. 09', 'art.\n46']

CN1839313A - Devices and methods relating to electrochemical biosensors - Google Patents
CN1839313A
CN1839313A CN 200480023719 CN200480023719A CN1839313A CN 1839313 A CN1839313 A CN 1839313A CN 200480023719 CN200480023719 CN 200480023719 CN 200480023719 A CN200480023719 A CN 200480023719A CN 1839313 A CN1839313 A CN 1839313A
CN 200480023719
CN1839313B (en )
N·A·苏里德格
P·D·瓦林格
V·斯维特尼克
M·苏里范
B·S·希尔
A system for testing for analytes in a sample of biological fluid includes a test strip that defines a cavity for receiving the sample. At least two sets of electrodes are adjacent the sample cavity, including one for measuring one property of the sample, and another for measuring one or more other properties of the sample, such as temperature and/or the presence or magnitude of confounding variables. The measurements are combined to yield the desired result. At least one set of working and counter electrodes each have a plurality of elongated 'fingers' interdigitated with those of the other electrode in the set. The gaps between fingers can be quite small, so that the two electrode sets together can operate in a small measurement volume of sample. Additional electrodes can be included that measure the presence or sufficiency of the sample, and additional traces on the strip can act as configuration identifiers.
涉及电化学生物传感器的设备和方法 It relates to an apparatus and method of the electrochemical biosensor
相关申请的引用本申请要求题为“DEVICES AND METHODS RELATING TOELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS”的US临时申请No.60/480,243的优先权，本申请还涉及以下题目的申请，即SYSTEM AND METHOD FORANALYTE MEASUREMENT USING AC EXCITATION(此处为US申请No.10/688,343，“AC Excitation application”)、METHOD OF MAKINGA BIOSENSOR(此处为案号RDID-9958-CIP-US，“Biosensorapplication”)、以及DEVICES AND METHODS RELATING TO ANALYTESENSORS(此处为US临时申请No.60/480,397，“Analyte Sensorsapplication”)，其都是在2003年6月20日提交的，并且涉及US专利申请No.10/264,891(题为“ELECTRODES，METHODS，APPARATUSESCOMPRISING MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS”，2002年10月4日提交)，所有这些的全文在此引入作为参考。 REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority entitled "DEVICES AND METHODS RELATING TOELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS" priority of US Provisional Application No.60 / 480,243, the present application is also related to the following topics application, namely SYSTEM AND METHOD FORANALYTE MEASUREMENT USING AC EXCITATION (this Office for the US application No.10 / 688,343, "AC Excitation application"), METHOD OF MAKINGA BIOSENSOR (case number here RDID-9958-CIP-US, "Biosensorapplication"), as well as DEVICES aND METHODS RELATING tO ANALYTESENSORS (here to US provisional application No.60 / 480,397, "Analyte Sensorsapplication"), which were presented at the June 20, 2003, and to US Patent application No.10 / 264,891 (entitled "ELECTRODES, METHODS, APPARATUSESCOMPRISING mICROELECTRODE ARRAYS "October 4, 2002 submission), all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
背景本发明涉及用于测量来自例如体液样品的生物样品的分析物的设备、系统、和方法。 BACKGROUND The present invention relates to a device for measuring an analyte, for example, from a biological sample of a body fluid sample, systems, and methods. 更具体地，本发明涉及使用某些电响应特性测试分析物的生物传感器和方法。 More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of certain electrical response characteristics of the biosensor and method for testing an analyte.
测量物质的浓度，尤其是在有其它的混淆物质(“干扰物”)的情况下，在许多领域都是重要的，特别是在医学诊断和病害治理中。 Measuring the concentration of a substance, especially in the presence of other substances confusion ( "interferences") case, in many areas it is important, especially in medical diagnosis and treatment of disease. 例如，如血液之类的体液中的葡萄糖的测量对于糖尿病的有效治疗是至关重要的。 For example, a body fluid such as blood glucose measurement in the effective treatment of diabetes is essential.
已知用于测量如血液样品中的葡萄糖之类的分析物浓度的多种方法。 Various methods are known for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a blood sample, such as glucose. 这些方法一般分成两类：光学方法和电化学方法。 These methods generally fall into two categories: optical methods and electrochemical methods. 光学方法通常涉及吸收率、反射率，或激光光谱，以观察由分析物(通常与当与分析物组合时产生已知颜色的试剂结合)的浓度所引起的流体中的光谱偏移。 Fluid concentrations spectrally shifted optical methods typically involve absorbance, reflectance or laser spectroscopy to observe (known generally produces a color when combined with a reagent composition and analysis) caused by the analyte in. 电化学方法通常依赖于血液样品的电荷转移或电荷移动特性(例如，电流、界面势、阻抗、电导等)和分析物(通常与当与分析物组合时产生或改变载荷子的试剂结合)的浓度之间的相关性。 Electrochemical methods generally rely on charge transfer or charge transfer blood sample characteristic (e.g., current, interfacial potential, impedance, conductance, etc.) and the analyte (typically produce or change the charge carriers when combined with the reagent composition analysis) of the correlation between the concentration. 参见例如，Preidel等人的US专利No.4,919,770，和Shieh的No.6,054,039，在此引入其全文作为参考。 See, e.g., Preidel et al., US Patent No.4,919,770, and Shieh the No.6,054,039, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
测量血液中的化学物质浓度的电化学方法的重要局限性在于混淆变量对血液样品的阻抗的影响。 Important limitations electrochemically measuring concentration of a substance in blood chemistry that the influence of confounding variables on the impedance of the blood sample. 例如，血液样品的几何形状必须严密对应于阻抗对浓度映射函数基于的那种几何形状。 For example, the geometry of the blood sample must correspond closely to the impedance of that geometry concentration mapping function is based.
血液样品的几何形状一般由测试装置的样品接收部分控制。 The general geometry of the blood sample from the sample receiving portion of the control test device. 在血液葡萄糖测量计的情况下，例如，血液样品一般放置在插入该测量计的一次性测试条上。 In the case of a blood glucose meter, for example, a blood sample is generally placed in the insertion of the disposable test strip meter. 该测试条可具有样品室以限定样品的几何形状。 The test strip may have a sample chamber to define the geometry of the sample. 或者，样品几何形状的影响可通过保证实际上无限大的样品尺寸而被限制。 Alternatively, the effects of sample geometry may be limited by ensuring that practically infinite sample size. 例如，用于测量分析物的电极可以间隔足够近，以便测试条上的血液滴沿所有方向充分延伸超出电极。 For example, electrodes for measuring an analyte may be spaced sufficiently close to the blood drop on the test strip extends substantially beyond the electrodes in all directions. 不管用于控制样品几何形状的策略如何，一般一个或多个剂量充足性电极用于保证存在足够的样品量以保证精确的测试结果。 Regardless of the sample geometry used to control strategies, typically one or more dose sufficiency electrodes for ensuring there is sufficient amount of sample to ensure accurate test results.
血液葡萄糖测量的精确性的限制的其它实例包括血液化学物质(而不是正在测量的感兴趣的分析物)的改变。 Other examples of the accuracy of the blood glucose measurement restrictions include chemical changes in blood (rather than being measured analyte of interest) is. 例如，血细胞比容(红细胞浓度)或其它化学物质的浓度、血液中的组分或有形成分的改变，会影响测量。 For example, hematocrit (red blood cell concentration) the concentration of other chemicals, or to change the blood formed elements or components, will affect the measurement. 在测量血液化学物质的过程中，血液样品温度的改变是混淆变量的另一实例。 In measuring blood chemical process, changes in blood sample temperature is another example of confounding variables.
因此，需要精确测量血液葡萄糖的系统和方法，甚至在有混淆变量的情况下，这些混淆变量包括温度、血细胞比容、和血液中的其它化学物质的浓度的改变。 Therefore, an accurate blood glucose measurement system and method of, even in the presence of confounding variables, these variables include confusion varying the temperature, hematocrit, and blood concentrations of other chemicals. 同样需要精确测量流体中的分析物的系统和方法。 The same system and method for an analyte in a fluid need accuracy. 本发明的目的是提供这种系统和方法。 Object of the present invention is to provide such systems and methods.
已经采用许多方法来消弱或减轻一个或多个干扰源的影响，或者以其它方式补偿或校正测量值。 Many methods have been employed to attenuate or mitigate the effects of one or more interfering sources, or otherwise compensate or correct the measurement values. 通常采用多个设计解决方案来充分补偿与所选的测量方法有关的灵敏度。 Usually sufficient to compensate for the sensitivity of the chosen method of measuring a plurality of design solutions related.
众所周知的设计解决方案涉及渗透性选择的和/或尺寸选择隔膜、过滤器或涂层。 The known solution involves design selected permeability and / or size selective membrane, filter or coating. 这种设计解决方案具有商品的成本增加的缺点，附加的制造工艺步骤进一步使制造成本、复杂性、和制造速度恶化。 This design increases the cost of the product solution has the disadvantage, an additional step of producing further the manufacturing cost, complexity, and manufacturing speed is deteriorated. 采用这些方法的系统(一次性测试条和仪器)采取解决测试条设计范围内的问题的一般方法。 System (instrument and disposable test strips) using these methods take a general solution to the problem within the scope of the test strip design.
另一一般方法涉及与共优化算法耦合的高级激发(sophisticatedexcitation)和信号处理方法的使用。 Another general method involves the co-advanced excitation (sophisticatedexcitation) coupled to the optimization algorithm and using a signal processing method. 可实现更简单的、不太复杂的测试条结构和制造工艺；然而，需要仪器使用费用、存储器和处理器要求、相关的复杂编码、以及校准的制造技术。 It can achieve a simpler, less complex test strip structure and manufacturing process; however, requires the use of equipment costs, memory and processor requirements, associated complex coding, and calibrated manufacturing techniques. 采用该技术的系统采取解决仪器使用范围内的问题的一般方法。 Systems using this technology is generally taken to solve the problem within the range of use of the instrument.
更近来的方法本身既不涉及测试条也不涉及仪器使用，而是采用测量方法学。 More recently per se involves neither the test strip does not involve the use of instruments, instead of using the measurement methodology. 其实例是使用库仑测量法来削弱血细胞比容和温度的影响。 Examples thereof are used to weaken the influence of coulometric measurements of hematocrit and temperature.
另外，本领域的技术人员众所周知，以上所有方法得到试剂系统的初始设计的进一步支持。 Furthermore, well known to those skilled in the art, all of the above to give further support the initial design of reagent systems. 在葡萄糖的检测过程中，例如，这可涉及使用选择性氧化还原媒剂和酶来克服氧化还原活性物质或其它糖类存在的有害影响。 Glucose in the detection process, e.g., which may involve the use of selective redox mediator and a redox enzyme to overcome the deleterious effects of the active substance or the presence of other sugars.
本发明的目的是以不受到与目前广泛使用的一般方法相关的缺点困扰的方式，提供用于减弱干扰物的影响的更简单的、费用更少的方法。 The present invention is by no way related to the general method widely used shortcomings distress, provide a simpler, less the cost method for attenuating the effects of interfering substances.
大致两方面一个方面，本发明涉及提供两对电极，这允许使用两次测量来对分析物测量进行干扰物校正或补偿。 Approximately two to one aspect, the present invention relates to providing two pairs of electrodes, which allows the use of two measurements was performed to correct or compensate for the interference measurement of the analyte. 例如，在一个实施例中，一对电极限定第一测量区，而第二对限定第二测量区。 For example, in one embodiment, a first pair of electrodes defining a measuring zone, and the second pair defining a second measurement region. 这些对是近似共面的，并且在一对电极中，每一个具有基本上平行于另一个的长度的长度。 These pairs are approximately coplanar and the pair of electrodes, each of a length substantially parallel to the other in length. 第一对电极中的至少一个电极包括至少两个细长的、矩形导电元件，其与该对中的另一个电极的(多个)导电元件互相交叉。 At least one of the electrodes comprises a first pair of the at least two elongated, rectangular conductive element, the conductive element cross each other with the other electrode (s) in the pair. 电极的每一个元件导电连接到用于与驱动器和/或测量计电通信的相同接触上。 Each element is connected to a conductive electrode contacting the same for the driver and / or a meter in electrical communication. 样品在配量之后与该两对建立电接触。 Samples establishing electrical contact with the two pairs after dosing.
考虑上述的几种改变。 Consider several of the above change. 例如，在一种方法中，一种试剂或多种试剂可选择性地展开在存在于样品室中的该至少两对电极中的至少之一上。 For example, in one method, one or more reagents agent selectively deployed on at least one of the at least two pairs of electrodes present in a sample chamber of. 该两个电极对都涂有第一试剂。 The two electrodes are coated with a first reagent. 任选地，两对之一涂有第一试剂，并且第二对涂有相同的试剂但缺少酶或媒剂。 Optionally, one of the two coated with the first reagent and the second reagent coated with the same vehicle but lacking or enzyme. 或者，两对之一涂有第一试剂，并且另一对涂有第二试剂。 Alternatively, one of the two coated with the first reagent, a second reagent and the other coating. 在另一个实施例中，至少两对的其中之一涂有试剂，并且另一对缺少试剂涂层，以及下游对优选具有试剂涂层。 In another embodiment, at least two of which are coated with one reagent and the other the lack of reagent coating, and preferably has a coating of an agent for the downstream. 在该实施例的变型中，这些对中的另一对覆盖有渗透性选择、尺寸选择性涂层，或者在有一个或多个分析物和/或干扰物的情况下以其它方式影响电极响应。 In a variation of this embodiment, which is another choice permeable cover, size selective coating, or affect electrode response in the case where one or more analytes and / or otherwise interfering substances .
在另外的方面中，包括剂量检测和剂量充足性电极。 In a further aspect, the detecting comprises a dose and dose sufficiency electrode. 例如，可包括第三电极系统，该第三电极系统比第一个两电极对更远离边缘设置，即其位于进入样品流体的下游，并可操作用于检测何时存在充足的样品流体来进行精确测试。 For example, the system may include a third electrode, the third electrode system disposed further away from the edge, that is located downstream of the fluid into the sample, and the operation for detecting when there is a sufficient ratio of sample fluid to the first electrodes accurate testing. 该第三电极系统可包括单个电极元件或多个元件。 The third electrode system may comprise a single element or a plurality of electrode elements. 在单个元件实施例中，该元件与一个或多个其它电极组合起作用来测试样品充足性。 In embodiments a single element, the other electrode element or a combination of a plurality of functions to the test sample adequacy. 或者，剂量充足性电极系统可包括相互配合以表明样品充足性的一对电极元件。 Alternatively, dose sufficiency electrode system may include cooperating elements to indicate the pair of electrodes of the sample adequacy. 可类似采用相当的电极系统来检测样品流体何时施加于生物传感器。 It can be employed quite similar electrode system to detect when a sample fluid is applied to the biosensor.
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的测试条的透视图。 1 is a perspective view of a test strip in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
图2是图1的测试条的所选层的分解图。 FIG 2 is an exploded view of the selected layer of the test strip 1.
图3是图1的测试条的电极部分的剖面图。 3 is a sectional view of an electrode portion of the test strip of FIG.
图4-15是根据本发明的替换测试条的分解图。 4-15 is an exploded view of an alternative test strip of the present invention.
为了增进对本发明原理的理解，现在将参考附图所说明的实施例，并使用特定语言对其进行描述。 In order to enhance the understanding of the principles of the present invention, reference will now be illustrated embodiments, and specific language will be described. 但是应当理解，其并不旨在因此限制本发明的范围；所描述或所说明的实施例的任何变型和另外的修改、以及如其中所说明的本发明原理的任何另外的应用都可被考虑，这通常会被本发明相关的领域中的技术人员想到。 It should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, therefore; any further applications described or any variant of the described embodiments and further modifications, the principles of the present invention as described therein may be considered this will usually be related to the art of the present invention occur in the art.
引言通常，本发明的测试条使用多个电极阵列提供对体液或其它流体中的分析物的测试，该多个电极阵列执行不同的功能或对样品具有不同的响应功能。 Introduction Generally, the test strip of the present invention provides the use of a plurality of electrode arrays or other bodily fluids for testing an analyte in a fluid, the plurality of electrode arrays having different functions or perform different functions in response to the sample. 一个具体实施例涉及以相应的对操作的宏观电极和微电极的组合，但是例如通过使用从一个电极对所得到的信息来补偿和校正从另一电极对获得的结果，或者通过以预定方式组合这些电极对的响应，来对分析物浓度的最后确定贡献信息。 A specific embodiment relates to a corresponding combination of macroscopic and microelectrodes operation, but for example, information obtained from a correct and to compensate for electrode from the other electrode by using the results obtained in a predetermined manner or by a combination in response to these electrode pairs, to determine the contribution of the final analyte concentration information.
这些电极阵列还可以采用很多种其它方式来组合以完成多个相关功能，包括分析物浓度、血细胞比容的检测、校正因子的确定、以及样品充足性和剂量检测，所有的都在单个测试条上并在极小的空间内进行。 The electrode array may also be used in combination a wide variety of other ways to accomplish the plurality of related functions, including the analyte concentration, detection of hematocrit, the correction factor is determined, and a sample adequacy and dose detection, all of them in a single test strip and in the smallest possible space. 或者，通过使用具有对干扰物不同灵敏度的多个阵列，可采用两次测量来提供更精确的结果，这通常会被本领域的技术人员想到。 Alternatively, by using a plurality of arrays having different sensitivity to interfering substances, two measurements may be used to provide more accurate results, which usually occur to those skilled in the art.
在各种实施例中，不同的电化学激发技术(例如，DC、AC相位、AC振幅、或组合的DC/AC)施加于这些不同的电极阵列以实现预期目标。 In various embodiments, different electrochemical excitation techniques (e.g., DC, AC phase, the AC amplitudes, or combinations of the DC / AC) is applied to the different electrode arrays to achieve the desired objectives. 这些技术的实例在本领域中是众所周知的，并在AC Excitationapplication中进一步举例说明，其在上面被引入作为参考。 Examples of these techniques are well known in the art, and further illustrated in the AC Excitationapplication, which is incorporated by reference above.
另一示例性技术补偿被测试的电化学活性物质的扩散系数的改变。 Changing the diffusion coefficient of electrochemically active species to another exemplary compensation technique being tested. 由于这些物质的物理扩散，在电极表面处的可溶试剂中产生法拉第电流，并且扩散系数的值影响测得的响应。 Because of these physical diffusion of substances in the soluble reagent faradaic current is generated at the electrode surface, and the diffusion coefficient value on the response measured. 商业系统通常被这样校准和建立，即如果扩散系数保持不变，给定量的葡萄糖的额定传感器响应(法拉第电流)是可重复的。 Commercial systems are typically calibrated and established such that if the diffusion coefficient remains constant, the nominal amount of sensor response to glucose (Faraday currents) are repeatable. 不幸的是，每一单个样品的温度和血细胞比容(HCT)都改变被测量的电活性物质的有效扩散系数。 Unfortunately, each individual sample temperature and hematocrit (HCT) are changing the effective diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species to be measured. 如果不考虑这些因子，那么葡萄糖测量对于任何与该系统的校准过程中所使用的不同的温度或血细胞比容值都是错误的。 Without considering these factors, then any glucose measurement for different temperatures and hematocrit value or calibration of the system used is wrong.
在该示例性技术中，该系统确定由感兴趣的分析物引起的电化学传感器的法拉第响应，并提供在电极表面处经历氧化还原反应的物质的实际有效的扩散系数的估计。 In the exemplary technique, the system determines the Faraday electrochemical sensor response caused by the analyte of interest, and to provide practical and effective diffusion coefficient estimates experience a redox reaction of the substance at the electrode surface. 具体地说，该系统通过使用暴露于相同试剂样品混合物的两个电极系统(优选为不同类型的)来补偿扩散系数的改变。 Specifically, two electrode system using the system by the same reagent mixture is exposed to the sample (preferably of different types) to compensate for changes in the diffusion coefficient. 通常用于葡萄糖生物传感器中的可溶的电活性物质，例如氧化还原媒剂，扩散到平面的宏观电极上，根据Cottrell等式(1)对电位阶跃(potential step)产生电流响应。 Generally soluble electroactive species for a glucose biosensor, for example, the redox mediator, to the plane of the macroscopic diffusion electrode according to the Cottrell Equation (1) generating a current in response to the potential step (potential step).
ip=nFApCD&pi;t]]>因此(1a)limt&RightArrow;t(&infin;)ip=0]]>(1b)其中n是电子迁移中涉及的电子数，F是法拉第常数(96,485.3C/当量(equivalent))，Ap是与溶液接触的宏观电极的面积，C是样品中的分析物浓度，D是物质的有效扩散系数，以及ip是宏观电极处的电流响应。 ip = nFApCD & pi; t]]> So (1a) limt & RightArrow; t (& infin;) ip = 0]]> (1b) where n is the number of electrons electron mobility involved, F is the Faraday constant (96,485.3C / eq (equivalent )), Ap is the area of ​​the macro-electrode in contact with the solution, C is the analyte concentration in the sample, D is the diffusion coefficient of active substance, and ip response to a current macro-electrode.
类似地，本领域的技术人员应当理解，在微电极处这些相同物质对相同电位阶越的响应将产生由等式(2)所表征的电流响应。 Similarly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in response to the micro-electrode potential of these same materials to the same order will be generated by the equation (2), characterized by current response.
is=nFAsCD&pi;t+vnFAsCDro]]>因此 (2a)limt&RightArrow;t(&infin;)is=nFAsCDro]]>(2b)其中As是微电极的面积，v是依赖于电极形状的可达性因子，以及is是微电极处微电极处的电流响应。 is = nFAsCD & pi; t + vnFAsCDro]]> Thus (2a) limt & RightArrow; t (& infin;) is = nFAsCDro]]> (2b) where As is the area of ​​the microelectrodes, v is dependent on the shape of the electrodes reach factor, and is a current at the microelectrode in response to a micro electrode. 在等式(1b)和(2b)中，t(∞)意味着长到足以分别在所述电极处建立“准-无限”或“稳态”扩散条件的时间。 In equation (1b) and (2b),, t (∞) means long enough to establish the electrode respectively - time "quasi-infinite" or "steady state" diffusion conditions.
一个实施例将在(a)平面的、宏观电极和对置/参考电极之间，以及(b)一个(或多个)微电极和对置/参考电极之间施加相同的电势。 The plane in one case (a) of the embodiment, the macro-electrode and the counter / reference electrode between, and (b) one (or more) micro-electrode and counter / reference electrical potential is applied between the electrodes of the same. 在宏观电极和微电极处都施加电势之后，在几个时间点测量与时间有关的电流响应。 After the macro and micro-electrode potential is applied at both the electrodes, the current response at several time points with respect to time. ip=f(1t)]]>的分析将产生等式(3)中的斜率p，而is=f(1t)]]>的相同分析将产生截矩s，如等式(4)所示。 ip = f (1t)]]> analysis will produce a slope equation p (3) in, and is = f (1t)]]> analysis of the same will produce intercept s, as shown in equation (4) shown in FIG. .
假定在本发明中，ip和is都是由相同的反应和样品得出的，则有可能计算出设备中的电化学反应物质的表观扩散系数，与根据等式(5)的物质浓度无关，其中两种电极类型的面积As和Ap，以及(多个)微电极的半径ro是已知的。 Is assumed in the present invention, ip, and is the reaction are derived from the same sample, it is possible to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient of the substance electrochemical reaction apparatus, regardless of the concentration of the substance in accordance with Equation (5) , where the two types of electrode area As and Ap, and (s) the radius ro microelectrodes are known. 例如，球形微电极产生： For example, a spherical microelectrodes produced: 一旦估算出D，就可以采用多种不同的方式来应用它以便为电化学物质的测量的浓度C提供校正。 Once the estimated D, it can be a variety of different ways to apply it in order to provide a corrected measurement of concentration of an electrochemical species C. 一些实施例简单地使用等式(3)中的D的估算值来计算C。 Some embodiments simply to calculate the estimated value of D using equation (3) C. 这样确定C会更少地受到D的未补偿变化的影响，这在安培计式传感器中是常见的，其电流响应主要由等式(1)来描述。 Effect of thus determined C D will be much less susceptible to uncompensated variation, which is common in the amperometric sensor, which is the main current response by equation (1) will be described. 还值得注意的是，校正与D变化的原因(例如，温度、血细胞比容、粘度改变等)无关-该校正由两个电极对与样品的化学特性的不同函数关系来提供。 It is also worth noting that the reason (e.g., temperature, hematocrit, viscosity changes, etc.) corrected regardless of changes in D - different correction function of the chemical characteristics of the samples is provided by two electrodes.
在此处所示的每一个测试条中，电极阵列用于测量样品中的分析物，例如葡萄糖。 In each test strip shown here, the electrode array for measuring an analyte in a sample, such as glucose. 当样品到达阵列时，它与邻近该阵列放置的试剂组合以在存在某一电信号的情况下提供电阻抗的一些特性，这在本领域中是熟知的，该阻抗用作第一数据。 When the sample reaches the array, which array positioned adjacent to the reagent in combination with some of the features to provide an electrical impedance in the presence of certain electrical signals, which are well known in the art, which is used as the first impedance data. 第一阵列的上游或下游的另一阵列，但优选不被试剂覆盖，用于为样品提供另一电刺激，并且在该阵列处的电响应用作以已知方式被干扰物影响的第二数据，干扰物为例如血细胞比容、温度等。 Another array upstream or downstream of the first array, but is preferably not covered with reagent, for providing electrical stimulation to the other samples, and in response to the array at the electrical interference is used in a known manner a second object data, interferent, for example, hematocrit, temperature and the like. 该两个数据组合产生校正的分析物浓度值。 The combination produces two data corrected analyte concentration value. 该两个阵列可同时用于分析尺寸很小的普通体积中的单个样品。 The two arrays can be used for a single analysis of a sample volume of normal small sizes.
一般信息系统本发明涉及用于估定样品流体中的分析物的系统。 General The present invention relates to a system for an analyte in a fluid sample assessed. 该系统包括用于估定样品流体中目标分析物的设备和方法。 The system includes an apparatus and method for a target analyte in a fluid sample is assessed. 该估定包括检测分析物的存在到确定该分析物的浓度。 This evaluation comprises detecting the presence of the analyte to determine the concentration of the analyte. 分析物和样品流体可以是测试系统适合的任何分析物和样品流体。 Analyte sample fluid and the test system may be any suitable fluid sample and the analyte. 仅仅为了解释性目的，描述了优选实施例，其中分析物是葡萄糖，并且样品流体是血液或间质液。 Merely for illustrative purposes, describe preferred embodiments, wherein the analyte is glucose and the sample fluid is blood or interstitial fluid. 然而，本发明明显地并不因此局限于该范围。 However, the present invention is therefore clearly not limited to this range.
传感器该系统的一个部件是电化学传感器，其包括用于样品流体的样品接收室，以及用于在有测试分析物的情况下产生电化学信号的试剂。 A sensor component of the system is an electrochemical sensor comprising a sample chamber for receiving the fluid sample and reagents for generating the electrochemical signal in the presence of analyte in the test case. 该传感器优选包括一次性测试条，尤其是具有为样品接收室提供边缘开口的层状结构的测试条。 The sensor preferably comprises a disposable test strip, in particular to provide a test strip having a layered structure of the edge of the opening of the sample receiving chamber. 试剂放置在样品接收室内的适当位置上，以便为也放置在该接收室内的工作电极提供电化学信号。 Agent is placed in position on the sample receiving chamber, so as to provide the electrochemical signal to the working electrode is also placed in the receiving chamber. 在适当的情况下，例如对于葡萄糖检测来说，该试剂可包含酶并且随意地包含媒剂。 In the case where appropriate, e.g. for glucose detection, the reagent may contain an enzyme and optionally comprises a vehicle.
测量计传感器结合测量计使用来确定样品流体中的分析物的存在和/或浓度。 Meter meter used in conjunction with sensors to determine the presence and / or concentration of analyte in a sample fluid. 该测量计通常包括与传感器的电极的连接和用于估计对应于分析物浓度的电化学信号的电路。 The meter typically includes a sensor connected to the electrodes and a circuit for estimating the electrochemical signal corresponding to analyte concentration. 该测量计还可以包括用于确定样品流体已被传感器接收、以及样品流体的量足以用于测试的装置。 The meter may further include means for determining the sample fluid sensor has been received, and the amount of sample fluid is sufficient for testing means. 该测量计通常将存储并显示分析结果，或者可以为另一设备提供数据。 The meter typically will store and display the results, or may provide data for another device.
分析物-特性系统能够提供分析物的定性或定量表示。 Analyte - characteristics of the system can provide a qualitative or quantitative analysis was represented. 在一个实施例中，该系统简单地指示样品流体中的分析物的存在。 In one embodiment, the system simply indicate the presence of analyte in the sample fluid. 该系统还可以提供样品流体中的分析物的量或浓度的读数。 The system may also provide the amount or concentration of an analyte in a fluid sample readings. 在优选实施例中，本发明的特征在于获得了分析物浓度的高度精确和准确的读数。 In a preferred embodiment, the present invention is to obtain a highly accurate analyte concentration readings and accurate.
分析物-类型该系统可用于确定很多种分析物。 Analyte - the type of the system may be used to determine a wide variety of analytes. 例如测试条容易适合于与任何适当的化学物质一起使用，所述化学物质可用于估定分析物的存在。 For example the test strip is readily adaptable for use with any suitable chemical substance, the chemical substance may be used to assess the presence of analyte. 最优选地，该系统被配置并用于测试生物流体中的分析物。 Most preferably, the system is configured and used for testing an analyte in a biological fluid. 这样的分析物可包括，例如，葡萄糖、乳酸盐、尿酸盐、酮等。 Such analytes may include, for example, glucose, lactate, urate, ketone and the like. 对系统的相当的修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。 Modification of the system corresponding to those skilled in the art it will be apparent. 为了解释性目的，以及在特别优选实施例中，相对于生物流体中的葡萄糖的检测描述了该系统。 For illustrative purposes, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, with respect to the detection of glucose in a biological fluid of the system is described.
干扰物测试方法会受到样品流体中存在的干扰物不同地影响。 Test Method interference will be present in the fluid sample interferents differently affected. 例如，对血液样品中的葡萄糖的测试可受到这样的因素影响，如胆红素、血细胞比容、尿酸、抗坏血酸、醋氨酚、半乳糖、麦芽糖、以及脂类。 For example, a test for blood glucose in a sample can be affected by such factors, such as bilirubin, hematocrit, uric acid, ascorbate, acetaminophen, galactose, maltose, and lipids. 本系统适合于最小化或消除还可能存在于样品流体中的干扰物的不利影响。 The present system is adapted to minimize or eliminate adverse effects may also be present in the fluid sample interferents. 这些影响可通过适当地选择测试材料和参数来解决，例如通过选择化学物质，该化学物质已知受可能的干扰物的影响较小或者一点也不受影响。 These effects can be solved by appropriately selecting the material and the test parameters, for example by selecting chemical substances known in the chemical potential is less affected by interfering substances, with little or not affected. 它们还可以通过选择对干扰物具有不同的敏感性，但对关心的分析物具有基本上相同的敏感性的两种或多种试剂来解决。 They may also have a different sensitivity to interference purified by selection, but with substantially the same sensitivity to two or more reagents for the analyte of interest to solve. 如本领域中所公知的，还可以采取其它步骤来处理可能的干扰物影响，例如使用防止干扰物进入测试区的涂层或膜。 As is well known in the art, other steps may be taken to deal with the interference thereof may, for example, to prevent interference from entering the test zone coating or film. 除此之外，电极结构或询问方法的修改也可以用于最小化干扰物的影响。 In addition, modified electrode structure or interrogation methods can also be used to minimize the effects of interferents.
流体类型该系统可用于很多种样品流体，并优选用于检测生物流体中的分析物。 The fluid type system can be used a wide variety of sample fluid, and preferably for the detection of analytes in biological fluids. 在这种情况下，术语“生物流体”包括其中可测量分析物的任何体液，例如，间质液、皮肤液、汗、泪、尿、羊水、脊髓液和血液。 In this case, the term "biological fluid" includes any bodily fluid in which the analyte measurable, e.g., interstitial fluid, skin fluid, sweat, tears, urine, amniotic fluid, spinal fluid and blood. 在本发明的情况下，术语“血液”包括全部血液及其无细胞成分，即血浆和血清。 In the present invention, the term "blood" includes whole blood and its cell-free components, namely plasma and serum. 除此之外，该系统可结合以常规方式结合参考流体使用以校验用于测试的系统的完整性。 In addition, the system can be combined in a conventional manner in conjunction with a reference to verify the integrity of the fluid used for testing the system.
在优选实施例中，该系统用于测试葡萄糖。 In a preferred embodiment, the system for testing of glucose. 在这种情况下，样品流体可特别地包括，例如，从指尖或被认可的替换部位(例如，前臂、手掌、上臂、小腿和大腿)得到的新鲜毛细管血、新鲜静脉血、以及提供给或用于系统的对照液。 In this case, sample fluid can in particular comprise, for example, fresh capillary blood obtained from the fingertip or approved alternative site (e.g., forearm, hand, upper arm, calf and thigh), fresh venous blood, and to provide or for the control fluid system.
流体可被获得并以任何方式传递到测试条。 Fluid can be obtained and transferred to the test strip in any way. 例如，血液样品可以采用常规方式通过例如用柳叶刀切开皮肤，其后使测试条与出现在皮肤表面处的流体接触来获得。 For example, a blood sample can be used in a conventional manner for example by lancing the skin, and thereafter the test strip in fluid contact occurs at the surface of the skin is obtained. 本发明的一个方面在于，测试条可用于很小的流体样品。 One aspect of the invention, the test strip can be used for very small fluid sample. 因此，本发明的所希望的特征在于，仅仅轻微切开皮肤是产生测试所需的流体量所必需的，并且疼痛和与这种方法有关的其它担心可被最小化或消除。 Accordingly, the present invention is desired wherein only slightly cut the skin to produce the desired amount of fluid is necessary for the test, and the pain associated with this and other methods fear can be minimized or eliminated.
电极电极类型本发明涉及“电化学传感器”，其是被配置以通过传感器内的电化学氧化和还原反应，和/或溶液内的带电层的移动进展来检测分析物的存在和/或测量该分析物浓度的设备。 The present invention relates to a type electrode "electrochemical sensor", which is configured through electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions within the sensor, and / or progression moving layer in the solution charged to detect the presence of the analyte and / or measuring the analyte concentration device. 这些反应被转换成与分析物的量或浓度有关的电信号。 These reactions are converted into an electrical signal related to the amount or concentration of analyte. 因此，测试条包括电极系统，其至少包括样品接收室内的工作电极和对置电极。 Thus, the test strip including an electrode system, which comprises at least a sample receiving chamber of the working electrode and the counter electrode. 该样品接收室被配置成这样，即进入该室内的样品流体处于与工作电极和对置电极的电解接触中。 The sample receiving chamber is configured such that sample fluid entering the chamber is in electrolytic contact with the working electrode and the counter electrode. 这允许电流在这些电极之间流动以实现分析物或其产物的电氧化或电还原。 This allows current to flow between the electrodes to effect the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the analyte, or a reduction product.
在本发明的情况下，“工作电极”是分析物或产物在此借助于或不借助于氧化还原介质被电氧化或电还原的电极。 In the present invention, "working electrode" is the analyte or the product with or without the aid of this electrode redox mediator is oxidized or reduced electrical power. 这里术语“对置电极”指的是与工作电极成对的电极，并且与流过工作电极的电流数量相等及符号相反的电化学电流流过该对置电极。 The term "counter electrode" refers to an electrode paired with the working electrode, and current flows equal to the number of the working electrodes and the opposite sign electrochemical current flows through the counter electrode. 术语“对置电极”包括还起参考电极作用的对置电极(即，反/参考或辅助电极)。 The term "counter electrode" includes a reference electrode also serves as the counter electrode function (i.e., counter / reference electrode or auxiliary).
电极材料工作电极和对置电极、以及电极系统的剩余部分，可以用如本领域中已知的多种材料形成。 The remaining portion of the material of the working electrode and the counter electrode, and the electrode system can be formed as known in the art, such as a variety of materials. 这些电极应当具有相对低的电阻，并且应当在测试条的工作范围内具有电化学方法惰性。 The electrodes should have a relatively low resistance, and should be electrochemically inert with the range of the working test strip. 用于工作电极的适当导体包括金、钯、铂、碳、钛、二氧化钌、铱、和铟锡氧化物，以及其它的，例如Analyte Sensors application中所公开的导体，其在上面被引入作为参考。 Suitable conductors for the working electrode include gold, palladium, platinum, carbon, titanium, ruthenium dioxide, iridium, indium and tin oxide, and other such conductors as disclosed in Analyte Sensors application, which is incorporated in the above reference. 对置电极可用相同的或不同的材料制成。 Counter electrodes may be made of the same or different materials. 在优选实施例中，这两种电极都是金电极。 In a preferred embodiment, the electrodes are both gold electrodes.
电极施加本发明采用的电极系统可以任何方式施加到基底，其产生具有适当的导电性和完整性的电极。 Electrodes for applying an electrode system employed in the present invention may be applied to the substrate in any manner which produces an electrode having a suitable conductivity and integrity. 示例性工艺在本领域中是众所周知的，并包括，例如，溅射、印刷等。 Exemplary processes are well known in the art and include, for example, sputtering, printing or the like. 在优选实施例中，电极和其它导电部件通过涂层基底，其后去除涂层的所选部分以产生这些部件来提供。 In a preferred embodiment, electrodes and other conductive members through the coated substrate, followed by removing selected portions of the coating to generate these components is provided. 优选去除方法是激光烧蚀，更优选是广域的激光烧蚀，如“Method ofMaking a Biosensor”申请中所公开的，其在上面被引入作为参考，并且在US专利申请No.09/866,030(题为“Biosensors with LaserAblation Electrodes with a Continuous Coverlay Channel”，2001年5月25日提交)，和09/411,940(题为“Laser DefinedFeatures for Patterned Laminates and Electrode”，1999年10月4日提交)中得到进一步的相关讨论。 Laser ablation method is preferably removed, more preferably a wide-area laser ablation, such as the "Method ofMaking a Biosensor" as disclosed in the application, which is incorporated by reference above, and in US Patent Application No.09 / 866,030 ( entitled "Biosensors with LaserAblation Electrodes with a Continuous Coverlay Channel", May 25, 2001 submission), and 09 / 411,940 (entitled "Laser DefinedFeatures for Patterned Laminates and Electrode", October 4, 1999 submission) obtained further discussions. 多种其它的制造和施加方法在本领域中是众所周知的，其用于提供电部件，具体地说是此处所描述的电极系统。 Various other manufacturing methods are applied and well known in the art, for providing electrical components, in particular the electrode system is described herein.
试剂成分测试条包括在样品接收室内用于与测试分析物反应以产生电化学信号的化学试剂，该电化学信号代表样品流体中的分析物的存在。 Test strip includes a reagent composition in a reaction chamber for receiving a sample with the test analyte to produce a chemical agent electrochemical signal, the presence of the analyte electrochemical signals representative of the sample fluid. 测试化学物质相对于将要估定的分析物来选择。 Test chemistry to be assessed with respect to the selected analyte. 在本领域中众所周知的是，存在可用于与各种分析物中的每一种一起使用的大量化学物质，包括题为“Reagent Stripe for test Strip”(代理人案号7404-566)的专利申请中所描述的优选化学物质，但并不限于此，其是与本申请同一日期提交的。 Well it is known in the art that there are a large number of chemical substances that can be used with each of various analytes, including, entitled "Reagent Stripe for test Strip" (Attorney Docket No. 7404-566) Patent Application preferably chemicals described in, but not limited thereto, which is filed in the same date of the present application. 因此，适当的化学物质的选择也在本领域的技术范围内，并且这里不需要进一步描述以便任何人能够制作和使用本发明。 Thus, appropriate choice of chemical within the skill of the art also, and need not be further described herein so that any person to make and use the present invention.
然而，为此目的，描述了优选实施例，其中分析物是葡萄糖，但是应当理解本发明及权利要求的范围并没有因此被限制，除非特别指出。 However, for this purpose, the preferred embodiment is described, wherein the analyte is glucose, it is to be understood that the present invention and the scope of the claims and is not thus limited, unless otherwise indicated. 在葡萄糖的情况下，测试化学物质的活性成分一般将包括葡萄糖酶和氧化还原媒剂。 In the case of glucose, the test chemical active ingredients will generally include glucose enzyme and a redox mediator. 该酶使样品中的葡萄糖氧化，而所述媒剂又与被还原的酶反应。 The enzyme glucose oxidase in the sample, while the vehicle is in turn reduced with the enzyme reaction. 其后该媒剂通过扩散将分析物产物的氧化还原等价物传送到电极表面。 Thereafter the vehicle by diffusion analyte redox equivalents product was transferred to the electrode surface. 在那里媒剂在限定的阳极电势下被定量地氧化，并且所得到的电流与表观葡萄糖浓度有关。 Where the vehicle is oxidized quantitatively at a defined anodic potential, and the resulting current is related to the apparent glucose concentration. 存在多种适于检测葡萄糖的试剂系统，并且这些的实例包含在AC Excitation、Analyte Sensors、和Biosensor applications、US专利No.5,385,846和5,997,817、以及US(重新发布)专利申请No.10/008,788(“ElectrochemicalBiosensor Test Strip”)中，其在此被引入作为参考。 There are various reagent system suitable for detection of glucose, and examples include those of the AC Excitation, Analyte Sensors, and Biosensor applications, US Patent No. 5,997,817 and No.5,385,846, and US (republish) Patent Application No.10 / 008,788 ( " ElectrochemicalBiosensor Test Strip "), which is herein incorporated by reference.
葡萄糖化学物质利用氧化还原媒剂来传送工作电极和葡萄糖分析物之间的电流，否则其并不很适合于电极上的直接电化学反应。 Glucose using chemical redox mediator to transfer current between the working electrode and the analyte is glucose, which is otherwise not well suited for direct electrochemical reaction on an electrode. 该媒剂用作在分析物和电极之间传送电子的电子转移剂。 The vehicle is used as the electron transfer agent to transfer electrons between the analyte and the electrodes. 很多种氧化还原物质是已知的，并可用作氧化还原媒剂。 Wide variety of redox species are known, and can be used as a redox mediator. 通常，优选的氧化还原媒剂是可快速还原和氧化的分子。 In general, the preferred redox mediator is rapidly reduced and oxidized molecules. 实例包括铁氰化物、亚硝基苯胺及其衍生物、以及二茂铁及其衍生物。 Examples include ferricyanide, nitrosoaniline and derivatives thereof, and ferrocene and derivatives thereof.
测量方案在本发明的一个方面中，第一电极对提供第一测量，其与由第二电极对获得的第二测量组合。 In one aspect of the measurement scheme of the present invention, a first electrode providing a first measurement, a second measurement unit which is obtained by the second electrode. 如上所述，常规的测试条采用至少两个电极对(例如，分别为工作电极和对置电极)，以根据分析物与位于电极对之一的上面或邻近该电极对之一的试剂的反应来确定分析物浓度。 As described above, the conventional test strip using at least two electrodes (e.g., the working electrode, respectively and the counter electrode) the reaction of one reagent to the analyte according to one of the electrodes is located above or adjacent to the electrode determining the analyte concentration. 由此获得分析物浓度的基本测量。 Thereby obtaining a basic measurement of the analyte concentration. 然而，通常希望校正或补偿该测量的其它因素，例如血细胞比容、温度、样品流体中的其它物质的存在等等。 However, it is often desirable to correct or compensate for other factors of the measurement, e.g. hematocrit, temperature, the presence of other substances in the sample fluid and the like. 在本发明的一个实施例中，提供生物传感器和方法，其采用两个电极对，一个用于对分析物进行基本测量，以及另一个对基本测量提供这种校正或补偿，在一些情况下产生最后的测量图。 In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biosensor and method that employs two electrode pairs, one for the basic measurement of the analyte, and the other provides compensation for this correction or basic measurements, produced in some cases FIG last measurement.
使用两个电极对可涉及全异电极组的使用，其中一对包括宏观电极，以及另一对包括微电极。 Use may involve the use of two electrodes disparate electrode group, wherein a pair of electrodes including macro, micro, and further comprising a pair of electrodes. 如此处所使用的，术语宏观电极指的是其主要有效扩散特性垂直于电极表面的电极。 As used herein, the term refers to a macro electrode mainly because the effective diffusion electrode perpendicular to the electrode surfaces. 宏观电极被这样确定尺寸和设置，即，主要扩散特性是线性扩散特性。 Macro electrodes are dimensioned and arranged such that the diffusion properties of the main linear diffusion properties. 术语微电极指的是在测量的特征时间标度上展示出收敛的、稳态的、或准稳态的扩散的电极。 The term microelectrode refers to the characteristic time scale of the measurement show convergence, steady-state or quasi-steady diffusion electrode. 微电极是径向扩散将响应函数的显著改变提供给它的电极。 Microelectrode is significantly alter the radial diffuser in response to a function of an electrode provided to it. 微电极例如可被这样设定尺寸和定位，即它们的主要阻抗特性是例如指的最近边缘之间的边对边动力学的特性。 E.g. microelectrodes may be sized and positioned such that their characteristic impedance is primarily refers to, for example, the closest edge to edge kinetics characteristics between the edges. 该功能性更多将相对于附图所示的实施例来讨论。 The functional phase more embodiments shown in the drawings to be discussed.
使用微电极的一个优点在于，这些装置可被配置并用于很快地在电极处达到电流流量的准稳态，例如，仅仅在0.50～3.25秒内，或者甚至在不到半秒的时间内。 One advantage of using microelectrodes is that these devices may be configured to quickly and reaches a quasi steady state current flow at the electrodes, e.g., within only 0.50 to 3.25 seconds, or even in less than half a second. 这样快速获得准稳态允许更快和更精确地确定分析物浓度。 Such quick access to quasi-steady state allows for faster and more accurate determination of analyte concentration. 这与现有技术方法相反，后者例如根据在达到准稳态之前获得的读数估计或预计结果。 This is in contrast, for example, which is estimated or expected results based on readings obtained before reaching the quasi-stationary and the prior art methods.
由本发明的一些实施例得出的另一优点在于，对施加DC信号的准稳态响应处于比许多现有技术系统中的准稳态高的量。 Another advantage derived from some embodiments of the present invention is that the DC signal applied to the quasi-stationary response of quasi-steady state is higher than that of many prior art systems the amount. 这改善了信号的信噪比，由此使系统能够提供更精确的结果。 This improves the signal to noise ratio, thereby enabling the system to provide more accurate results.
在本发明的一些形式中使用的电极指的互相交叉的阵列得出的另一优点是可在给定空间内获得的显著增加的电极边缘长度。 In some forms of the electrodes used in the present invention means a further advantage of the array is drawn interdigitated electrode edge length significantly increase obtainable in a given space. 取决于设计，结果可在那些系统中用较小的样品得出，而获得与需要较大样品的系统相同的结果质量。 Depending on the design, can result in a smaller sample obtained with those systems, the system needs to obtain a larger sample of the same quality of results.
注意，等式可被导出并用于多种微电极结构，考虑到该公开和ACExcitation application这会被本领域的普通技术人员想到，后者在上面被引入作为参考。 Note that the equation can be derived and used for a variety of micro-electrode structure, and taking into account the disclosure ACExcitation application which may occur to those of ordinary skill in the art, which are incorporated by reference above. 还可以使用经验测量来直接确定每个传感器设计中提出的电化学结构的响应函数。 Empirical measurements may also be used to determine a response function of the direct electrochemical sensor design configuration of each of the raised. 注意，响应函数的分析描述和稳态电流的达到都不是改善系统性能所必需的。 Note that the response reached steady-state current analysis and description of the function is not necessary to improve system performance.
一般描述-结构本发明提供用于各种生物传感器件的电极结构和系统。 General Description - structure of the present invention provides a system and the various electrode structures of the biosensor device. 此处所描述的是示例性测试条结构，其表明了本发明的效用。 Described herein are exemplary structure of a test strip, which show the utility of the present invention. 然而，应当理解的是，本发明的原理可同等应用于各种其它生物传感器设计中。 However, it should be appreciated that the principles of the present invention are equally applicable to various other biological sensor design. 基本生物传感器部件的特定构成、尺寸和其它特性并不是关键的，因此不是限制性的。 Specific basic member biosensor configuration, size and other characteristics are not critical, and therefore not restrictive.
参考图1，通常，条210具有用于与驱动电路和计量电路(未示出)进行通信的第一端211，而端218适于接收与电极接触的体液，这将在此讨论。 Referring to FIG 1, in general, the bar 210 has a driving circuit and a measurement circuit (not shown) for communicating a first end 211, and end 218 is adapted to receive a body fluid in contact with the electrode, which will be discussed here. 驱动电路通过接触216提供已知的电流和/或电势，并在一段时间内监测电流和/或电压响应。 A drive circuit provides a known current and / or potential through contacts 216 and monitors the current and / or voltage response over a period of time. 各个信号通过导体270、272、274、和276在接触216和电极(图2-14所示)之间输送。 Respective signal conductors 270,272,274, and 276 and conveyed between the contact electrodes 216 (shown in Figure 2-14). 这些导体由多种导电材料的任何一种或组合制成，这些导电材料包括例如金或碳，这将被本领域的技术人员理解。 These conductors are made from any combination of one or more electrically conductive materials, which include a conductive material such as gold or carbon, it will be understood by those skilled in the art.
在端218处，带凹口的流体引导装置214通常是矩形的，并且矩形凹口148从那里切去，这可在图2中看出。 At end 218, notched fluid guide device 214 is generally rectangular, and the rectangular recess 148 cut out from there, as can be seen in FIG. 2. 流体引导装置214位于基板层212(聚酰亚胺或其它材料，如“Method of Making aBiosensor”申请中所公开的，其在上面被引入作为参考，或本领域中其它已知的材料)上，并为将要通过毛细管作用从边缘224汲取到出口262的流体提供开口251(参见图2)。 Guiding device 214 located in the fluid 212 (polyimide or other materials, such as "Method of Making aBiosensor" applications in the art that other known materials disclosed, which is incorporated by reference above, or a) a substrate layer, and providing an opening 251 (see FIG. 2) that will be drawn from the edge 224 to the fluid outlet 262 by capillary action. 覆盖层250位于引导层236的顶上，并为部分由凹口248限定的流体路径提供上部封闭。 Capping layer 250 is located on top of the guide layer 236, and provides a fluid path is closed by an upper recess 248 partially defined. 这些结构将在下面被更详细地描述。 These structures will be described in more detail below.
现在转向图2，并继续参考图1所示的一些结构，条210包括基板层212、试剂条264、流体引导装置214、以及覆盖层218。 Turning now to FIG. 2, and with continued reference to FIG some constructions, article 210 includes a substrate 1 shown in layer 212, the reagent strip 264, the fluid guide means 214, 218 and a cover layer. 当装配时，通道248被内凹口表面249水平限定，上面被覆盖层218的底表面258限定，以及下面被试剂条264(其位于电极对284上方，但不在电极对280上方)和上基板表面232上的电极区266限定。 When assembled, the channel 248 is defined a horizontal inner recess surface 249, a bottom surface of the top layer 218 is defined to cover 258, and a reagent strip to below 264 (which is located above the pair of electrodes 284, 280 but not above the pair of electrodes) and an upper substrate electrode region is defined on a surface of 232,266. 在测试操作期间，被测试的流体分别通过流体引导装置214的端240，覆盖层218和基板212的边缘254和224，进入通道248。 During the test operation, the test fluid through the fluid guide means 214 are terminal 240, the cover layer 218 and the edge 254 of substrate 212 and 224, into the channel 248. 该流体通过毛细管作用被汲取到通道248中，沿着离开边缘224和254延伸的路径而行，并流向出口262(参见图1)。 The fluid is drawn by capillary action into the channel 248, along the path away from the edge 224 and 254 extends the line, and to the outlet 262 (see FIG. 1).
毛细管通道提供样品接收室，其中包含测量电极和相关的试剂，并且包含分析物的流体样品接触生物传感器的这些部件。 Capillary channel providing a sample receiving chamber, which comprises a measuring electrode and associated reagent and fluid sample containing the analyte member contacting the biosensor. 本发明的特征在于，毛细管通道的尺寸可显著改变。 Feature of the present invention is that the dimensions of the capillary channel can vary considerably. 在一个实施例中，通道是1000μm宽、100μm高、和2000μm长的容积。 In one embodiment, the channel is a 1000μm wide, 100 m high, the volume and 2000μm long. 其它实施例，以及通道的测量通常在以上参考的Analyte Sensors application中讨论。 And measuring channels other embodiments are generally discussed in Analyte Sensors application referenced above. 由于流体沿该路径行进，因此它与试剂和电极接触，这将在下面进一步详细描述。 Since the fluid travels along the path, so that the electrode in contact with the reagent, which will be described in further detail below.
在基板212上，接触278经由迹线279连接到电极280。 On the substrate 212, the contact 278 is connected to the electrode 280 via trace 279. 这些电极280垂直于基板212的长度、平行于边缘224并互相平行延伸。 These electrodes 280 perpendicular to the length of the substrate 212, parallel to the edge 224 and extending parallel to each other. 在一个优选实施例中，电极280是矩形的，具有足以伸过凹口248的宽度的长度、至少50μm的宽度、和其最近点之间的大于约50μm的间隔。 In a preferred embodiment, the electrode 280 is rectangular, having a width sufficient to extend past the recess 248 of a length, a width of at least 50μm, about 50μm larger than the interval between the point and its nearest. 在另一优选实施例中，电极280约100μm宽，具有100μm的间隙。 In another preferred embodiment, the electrode 280 is about 100μm wide, with a gap of 100μm. 在另一优选实施例中，电极280约250μm宽，具有250μm的间隙。 In another preferred embodiment, the electrode 280 is about 250μm wide, with a gap of 250μm. 其它结构和尺寸将被本领域的技术人员想到，并且考虑到特定条和系统的设计考虑时可以按照需要或要求用于本发明。 When the other structure and size will occur to those skilled in the art, and taking into consideration the particular article design and the system according to the present invention may be used as desired or required.
接触282经由迹线277连接到电极对284。 Contacts 282 connected to the electrode 284 via trace 277. 电极284每一个包括多个、平行的、细长的矩形(“指”)，每一个近似平行于边缘224并垂直于凹口248的中心线延伸，在两端均超过凹口248的宽度。 Electrode 284 includes a plurality of parallel, elongated rectangular ( "means"), each edge 224 approximately parallel to and perpendicular to the center line extending recess 248 at both ends than the width of the recess 248. 这些矩形在一端或另一端处以交替图案的形式连接到迹线274或276，以形成叉指，其将在下面被进一步详细讨论。 These rectangles imposed at one end or the other end connected to an alternating pattern in the form of traces 274 or 276, to form an interdigitated, which will be discussed in further detail below. 在各种实施例中，微电极对284中的每一个矩形指宽度为约5μm至约75μm，并且相邻指之间的间隙为约5μm～约75μm。 In various embodiments, the micro-electrodes 284 each rectangle refers to a width of about 5 m to about of 75 m, and the gap between the fingers of 75 m is about from about 5μm ~ adjacent. 指宽度和相邻指之间的间隙每一个优在凹口248的宽度上保持不变。 Each finger width and a preferred gap between adjacent fingers remains constant over the width of the recess 248.
现在转向图3，并继续参考图2，示出了图2中条210的电极部分的更大的放大图。 Turning now to FIG. 3, and continuing reference to FIG. 2, there is shown an enlarged view of the electrode of FIG greater portion of the strip 210 2. 如上面所讨论的，电极280平行于条210的边缘224延伸，并在相反端处连接到它们的导电迹线270和272，形成电极对266。 E.g., electrodes 280 discussed above extend parallel to an edge of 224 210, and they are connected to the conductive traces 270 and 272 at opposite ends, a pair of electrodes 266 are formed. 它们的最近的边缘281通过由参考数字286所示的距离(“间隙”)分开，该距离在它们的长度各处是基本不变的。 Their nearest edge 281 by a distance ( "gap") shown by reference numeral 286 are separated by the distance in the entire length thereof is substantially constant. 类似地，叉指284形成电极对268，并且交错的指连接到导电迹线274和276。 Similarly, the interdigital electrode pair 284 is formed 268, and interleaved fingers connected to the conductive traces 274 and 276.
转向图4，条310示出基板层212、试剂条364、带凹口的流体引导装置214、以及覆盖层218。 Turning to Figure 4, bar 310 is shown 212, test strip 364, notched fluid guide means 214 of the substrate layer, and a cover layer 218. 在该实施例中，进入由流体引导装置214所限定的毛细管凹口348的流体首先遇到宏观电极280。 Capillary fluid recess 348 in this embodiment, by the fluid entering the guide means 214 defined by the first electrode 280 encounters the macro. 宏观电极280通过导体379连接到条310的端368处的接触378上。 Macro electrode 280 is connected to the contact 378 368 310 at the end of the article via the conductor 379. 电极280每一个例如宽约250μm，并且它们之间的间隙也是约250μm。 A width of each electrode 280, for example, 250μm, and the gap between them is about 250μm. 离条端366稍微更远的是电极对284，其是每一个五个指的两个电极，一侧上的每一个指通过导体377连接到条端368处的接触382。 Article slightly farther away from the end 366 of the electrode 284, which means that each of five two electrodes, the contact 377 is connected to the terminal 368 by a conductor strip 382 on each side of a finger. 电极对284中的每一个指是宽度约20μm的矩形，并且每一个相邻的指与下一个分开约20μm的间隙。 Each electrode 284 is a rectangular finger width of about 20μm, and each of the next adjacent finger with a gap of about 20μm apart. 试剂条364覆盖电极对280，但不覆盖电极对284。 The reagent strip 364 covers the electrodes 280, 284 but does not cover the pair of electrodes.
在测试期间，当样品覆盖电极对280时，在一时间段向接触378施加AC信号。 During the test, when the sample covers the electrodes 280, the AC signal is applied to the contact 378 at a time. 类似地，对于在样品覆盖电极对284之后的交叠时间段，DC信号施加到接触382，并且对284中的电极之间的电响应用于估算样品中的葡萄糖浓度。 Similarly, for the sample covers the electrodes 284 overlap period of time after, the DC signal is applied to the contact 382, ​​and the electricity between the electrodes 284 in response to the estimated glucose concentration in the sample. 电极对280的指之间的样品响应对样品的血细胞比容是敏感的，该血细胞比容与由基于热敏电阻的电路提供的温度值一起为用电极284获得的估算提供校正因子。 Refers to the sample between the pair of electrodes 280 in response to the hematocrit of the sample is sensitive to the temperature and hematocrit values ​​provided by the thermistor circuit to provide a correction factor based on the estimated electrode 284 together are obtained. 注意，该“校正因子”不必是乘法或加法因子，但可替换成用于公式中、查表中和/或以其它方式校正基于温度以及样品中的其它材料存在或不存在、或特性的估算，这将被本领域的技术人员理解。 Note that the "correction factor" multiplication or addition factor need not be, but may alternatively be used as a formula, look-up table and / or otherwise corrected based on the temperature characteristics and the presence of other materials in the sample or not present, or estimate it will be understood by those skilled in the art. 参见，例如，AC Excitationapplication，其在上面被引入作为参考。 See, e.g., AC Excitationapplication, which is incorporated by reference above. 在该实施例中，足以覆盖测量电极的毛细管凹口348内的血液体积约为130nL。 In this embodiment, sufficient to cover the volume of blood in the capillary measuring electrodes recess 348 about 130nL.
替换实施例在图5中示为条410。 In the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 5 bar 410. 基板层212绘制有两个接触478，并且部分覆盖着试剂条464(电极480上方)、带凹口的流体引导装置214、以及覆盖层218。 The substrate layer 212 is drawn with two contact 478, and partially covering (upper electrode 480) reagent strip 464, notched fluid guide means 214, 218 and a cover layer. 接触478通过导电迹线477电连接到第一电极对466和第二电极对468，每一对的一个电极在每一侧上连接到接触478之一。 Contacting the first electrode pair 478 connected to the second electrode pair 466 and 468, a pair of electrodes each connected to one on each side of the contact 478 through the conductive traces 477. 注意，在该实施例中，驱动和测量电路(未示出)使用单个接触对478来驱动和测量来自两个电极对的响应。 Note that, in this embodiment, the driving and measuring circuitry (not shown) used to drive a single contact 478 and measuring the response from the two electrode pairs. 还注意，微电极484和宏观电极480的相对布局相对于图4所示的实施例被颠倒。 Note also that micro-electrode and macro-electrode 484 relative layout 480 illustrated embodiment with respect to FIG. 4 are reversed. 宏观电极480也是例如宽度约250μm，并且它们之间的间隙约为250μm。 Macro electrode 480 is, for example, a width of about 250μm, and the gap between them is about 250μm. 而且，微电极对466中的每一个电极由五个指构成，它们与该对的另一电极中的指交叉。 Further, the micro-electrodes 466 each composed of a five interdigital electrode made of, they intersect with the other electrode of the pair of fingers. 每一个指也是宽度约20μm，并且相邻指之间的间隙约为20μm。 Each finger is a width of about 20μm, and the gap between adjacent fingers is about of 20 m.
在该实施例中，试剂条464覆盖电极对468，但不覆盖电极对466。 In this embodiment, the reagent strip 464 to cover the electrodes 468, 466 but does not cover the pair of electrodes. 当样品覆盖电极对466时，系统使用通过该对的AC信号来确定分析物测量的校正因子。 When the sample covers the electrodes correction factor 466, the system is determined by the use of an AC signal analyte measurement. 当样品已经覆盖电极对468时，分析物浓度的估算使用本领域中已知的DC激发法获得，例如US专利申请号09/530,171和10/264,891、PCT申请号(WO)US 98/27203、US专利No.5,997,817、和Electrochemical Biosensor Test Strip(重新发布)application。 When the sample has to cover the electrode 468, the analyte concentration estimated using art known methods to obtain a DC excitation, for example, US Patent Application No. 09 / 530,171 and 10 / 264,891, PCT Application No. (WO) US 98/27203, US patent No.5,997,817, and Electrochemical Biosensor Test Strip (re-release) application. 在上述示例性尺寸的情况下，毛细管腔的容积约为130nL。 In the case of the above exemplary dimensions, the volume of the capillary cavity is approximately 130nL.
现在转向图6，可以看出，条510也包括基板层212、试剂条564、带凹口的流体引导装置214、以及覆盖层218。 Turning now to FIG. 6, it can be seen, bar 510 also includes a substrate layer 212, a reagent strip 564, notched fluid guide means 214, 218 and a cover layer. 在该实施例中，工作电极581位于两个对置电极指580之间，它们通过导体216之一连接到相同的接触。 In this embodiment, the working electrode 581 located between two opposing electrode fingers 580 are connected to the same by contacting one of the conductors 216. 这些电极580和581形成第一电极对480，并且该电极对480中的三个宏观电极指的每一个约为250μm宽，并且工作电极581的每一侧上的间隙约为250μm。 These electrodes 580 and 581 form a first pair of electrodes 480, 480 and the pair of electrodes of the three electrode fingers of each of the macro approximately 250 m wide, and the gap on each side of the working electrode 581 is about 250μm.
第二电极对284包括每一个分别具有六个和七个指的两个电极，这些指以交错图案的方式互相交叉。 The second electrode pair 284 includes each have six and seven refers to two electrodes, which refers to the manner staggered pattern cross each other. 每一个指也是约20μm宽，并且相邻指之间的间隙约为20μm。 Each finger is approximately 20μm wide, and the gap between adjacent fingers is about 20μm. 在该实施例中，试剂层564覆盖这两个电极对480和284。 In this embodiment, reagent layer 564 covers the two electrodes 480 and 284. 宏观电极对480提供类似Cottrell的响应，其中电流与扩散系数的平方根成比例，而微电极对284提供直接与扩散系数成比例的电流。 Macro electrode 480 provided on the Cottrell response similar, in which the current proportional to the square root of the diffusion coefficient, and the microelectrode 284 provides current coefficient is directly proportional to the diffusion. 这两个响应合起来校正环境因素，以产生改善的响应。 Both environmental response correction factors together to produce an improved response. 在该实施例中，测量所需的样品体积约为200nL。 In this embodiment, the measurement sample volume required is approximately 200nL.
另一替换实施例在图7中示出。 Another alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 7. 条610包括基板层212、试剂条664、带凹口的流体引导装置214、以及覆盖层218。 Article 610 comprises a substrate layer 212, a reagent strip 664, notched fluid guide means 214, 218 and a cover layer. 如在图6中一样，第一电极对572分别包括对置和工作宏观电极581，每一个约250μm宽，并且它们之间的间隙约为250μm。 As in FIG. 6, each including a first electrode 572 and opposite electrode 581 macro work, each of about 250 m wide, and the gap between them is about 250μm. 然而，在该实施例中，电极对661包括每一个具有三个指的两个电极。 However, in this embodiment, the electrode pair 661 comprises two electrodes each having three means. 每一个指宽度约为50μm，并且相邻指之间的间隙约为50μm。 Each finger width of about 50μm, about 50 m and the gap between adjacent fingers.
样品到达的第一电极对(宏观电极对572)用于使用AC激发技术获得基于血细胞比容的测量。 The sample reaches the first electrode pair (macroscopic electrode 572) is obtained using AC excitation technique based on measuring hematocrit. 第二电极对(微电极661)用于使用DC激发获得取决于样品中的葡萄糖和血细胞比容的测量。 A second electrode pair (microelectrode 661) for obtaining measurements of glucose using a DC excitation and hematocrit of the sample depends. 试剂条664仅覆盖电极对661，并且需要约200nL的样品体积来填充相关区中的毛细管容积。 The reagent strip 664 to cover only the electrodes 661, and requires a sample volume of about 200nL volume related to filling of the capillary zone. 这些测量结果根据电极结构、试剂系统、和其它因素被组合作为公式的参数，这将被本领域的技术人员想到。 These measurements are combined according to equation parameters as electrode structure, the reagent system, and other factors which will occur to those skilled in the art.
图8提供本发明的另一实施例。 8 provides another embodiment of the present invention. 条710包括基板层212、试剂条364、带凹口的流体引导装置214、以及覆盖层218。 Article 710 comprises a substrate layer 212, a reagent strip 364, notched fluid guide means 214, 218 and a cover layer. 在该实施例中，第一电极对366包括两个宏观电极，每一个具有单个矩形指，而第二电极对770包括两个微电极，每一个微电极具有互相交叉图案形式的五个指。 In this embodiment, the first electrode pair 366 comprises two macroscopic electrodes, each having a rectangular single finger, and the second electrode pair 770 comprises two microelectrodes, each microelectrode having a pattern of interdigitated five fingers. 在该实施例中，这些指约为50μm宽，并且它们之间的间隙约为30μm，且试剂条364覆盖第二对770。 In this embodiment, the fingers approximately 50μm wide, and the gap between them is approximately of 30 m, and the reagent strip 364 to cover the second pair 770. 覆盖毛细管路径的相关部分中的电极所需的体积约为170nL。 Electrode volume required to cover the relevant part of the path of the capillary is about 170nL.
现在转向图9，条810包括基板层212、试剂条364、带凹口的流体引导装置214、以及覆盖层218。 Turning now to FIG. 9, a substrate layer 212 comprises a strip 810, test strip 364, notched fluid guide means 214, 218 and a cover layer. 单个接触对878通过导体877连接到第一电极对866和第二电极对868。 Single contact pair 878 is connected to the first electrode 866 and the second electrode 868 through a conductor 877. 第一电极对866包括两个单指宏观电极884，而第二电极对868包括两个微电极880，每一个微电极具有互相交叉图案形式的五个指。 First electrode pair 866 comprises two single macroscopic electrode finger 884 and the second electrode pair 868 comprises two micro-electrodes 880, each microelectrode having a pattern of interdigitated five fingers. 第一电极对866中的每一个电极也是约250μm宽，并且它们之间的间隙约为250μm。 The first electrode 866 is about 250 m wide on each of the electrodes, and the gap between them is about 250μm. 第一电极对866用于基于样品的血细胞比容获得第一测量。 First electrode pair 866 for obtaining a first measurement on the sample hematocrit. 第二对868的每一个指约为50μm宽，并且相邻指之间的间隙约为30μm。 Each of the second finger 868 is approximately 50μm wide, and the gap between adjacent fingers is about 30μm. 当样品覆盖第二电极对868时，DC信号施加到接触878上。 When the sample covering the second electrode pair 868, DC signal is applied to the contact 878. 所得到的电极868之间的阻抗用于获得基于样品中的葡萄糖的浓度和血细胞比容的第二测量。 Impedance between the electrodes 868 for obtaining a second measure obtained based on the concentration of glucose in the sample and hematocrit. 该测量与通过第一电极对866获得的测量和来自热敏电阻(未示出)的温度信号在公式中组合，以获得校正的葡萄糖浓度值。 The combination of the first measurement and the measurement electrode 866 and the temperature signal obtained from the thermistor (not shown) in the formula, to obtain a corrected glucose concentration values. 试剂条364覆盖第二电极对868，并且所需的样品体积也是约为170nL。 Sample volume reagent strip 364 covering the second electrode pair 868, and is also required about 170nL.
图10示出另一替换实施例，即条1010，其包括基板层212、试剂层1064、带凹口的流体引导装置214、以及覆盖层218。 Figure 10 illustrates another alternative embodiment, i.e. strip 1010 includes a substrate layer 212, 1064, notched fluid guide means 214 to the reagent layer, and a cover layer 218. 在该实施例中，样品遇到的第一电极对1081包括工作电极1071，其为单指电极。 In this embodiment, the first electrode 1081 to include a sample encountered working electrode 1071, which is a single-finger electrode. 第一电极对1081还包括对置电极对1072，即双指电极，并且在工作电极1071的每一侧上有一个指。 Further comprising a first electrode pair 1081 to 1072 of the counter electrode, i.e., two-finger electrode, and a finger on each side of the working electrode 1071. 第一电极对1081中的每一个指约为250μm宽，并且每一个对置电极指与工作电极指分开约250μm的间隙。 A first electrode pair in each of finger 1081 is approximately 250μm wide, and each of the counter electrode and the working electrode finger finger gap of about 250μm apart. 第一电极对1081中的每一个电极(即，工作电极1071和对置电极1072)通过导电迹线216电连接到接触1067。 A first electrode pair in each electrode 1081 (i.e., the working electrode 1071 and the counter electrode 1072) via conductive trace 216 is electrically connected to the contact 1067. 系统驱动器连接到接触1067以使用第一电极对来获得样品中的分析物的估算的浓度。 The system drive is connected to a first electrode using a concentration estimated to obtain a sample of analyte contact 1067.
第二电极对1082包括每一个具有五个指的两个电极。 The second electrode pair 1082 includes two electrodes each having five means. 这些指每一个约50μm宽，并且它们之间的间隔约为30μm。 Each of the fingers about 50μm wide, and the interval therebetween is about 30μm. 第二对中的每一个电极连接到导电迹线216以电连接到接触1068，该接触用于驱动，并基于分析物与第二电极对的相互作用测量诸如血细胞比容的校正因子。 Each of the second pair of electrodes connected to the conductive trace 216 to be electrically connected to the contact 1068, for driving the contacts, and measuring an analyte based on the interaction of the second electrode pair such as hematocrit correction factor.
第三电极对1083也是微电极结构，并且第三对1083中的两个电极的每一个具有与另一电极中的五个指互相交叉的五个指。 The third electrode 1083 is microelectrode structure, and each of the third pair of electrodes 1083 having two electrodes and the other five five finger interdigitated fingers. 每一个指也是约50μm宽，并且它们之间的间隙约为30μm。 Each finger is approximately 50μm wide, and the gap between them is about 30μm. 第三对1083中的每一个电极通过导电迹线216连接到接触1069，并通过这些接触被驱动，以便根据在样品已经通过样品腔1048达到充足程度时这些电极之间的电响应，检测样品体积的充足性。 1083 for each of the third electrode via a conductive trace 1069 to the contact 216, and is driven through these contacts to electrical response has been achieved between the electrodes when a sufficient degree through the sample according to the sample chamber 1048, the volume of test sample adequacy. 注意，在该实施例中，试剂层1064覆盖上游电极对1081。 Note that, in this embodiment, the reagent layer covers the upper electrodes 1064 to 1081. 在该实施例中，样品腔需要约220nL的样品流体以覆盖所有三个电极对。 In this embodiment, the sample chamber approximately 220nL sample fluid required to cover all three electrodes pairs.
现在转向图11，条1110包括基板层212、试剂条1164、带凹口的流体引导层1114及凹口1148、以及覆盖层1118。 Turning now to FIG. 11, a substrate layer 212 comprises a strip 1110, test strip 1164, the fluid guiding layer notched recesses 1148 and 1114, 1118 and a cover layer. 在条1110的样品端1166处的第一电极对1170包括每一个具有五个指的两个电极，其中每一个指约为20μm宽，并且隔开每一个相邻指的间隙约为20μm。 Sample end of the first electrode strip 1166 1170 1110 for each comprising two electrodes having five finger, wherein each finger is approximately of 20 m wide and spaced apart from each adjacent finger by a gap of about 20μm. 该电极对用于通过使用AC激发和阻抗测量技术来确定干扰物的浓度，例如血细胞比容。 The pair of electrodes for excitation and by using AC impedance measurement techniques to determine the concentration of interfering substances, such as hematocrit. 对于这些技术的实例，参见AC Excitationapplication，其在上面被引入作为参考。 For examples of such techniques, see AC Excitationapplication, which is incorporated by reference above.
在条1110的样品端1166的处第二电极对1171包括每一个具有三个指的两个电极。 Article 1110 of the sample end 1166 of the second electrode 1171 includes two electrodes each having three fingers. 每一个指约为20μm宽，并且隔开相邻指的间隙约为20μm。 It refers to a width of 20 m each about and spaced adjacent fingers a gap of about 20μm. 该系统通过将AC或DC激发技术应用到该第二电极对1171来得出葡萄糖浓度的温度补偿估算。 The system by applying the AC or DC excitation technique to the second pair of electrodes 1171 to derive the estimated temperature-compensated glucose concentration. 在该实施例中，用于填充毛细管通道并覆盖电极所需的样品体积约为69nL。 In this embodiment, the capillary channel for filling and covering the required sample volume of the electrode is about 69nL.
现在转向图12，条1210包括基板212、试剂条1264、带凹口的流体引导装置1114、以及覆盖层1118。 Turning now to FIG. 12, strip 1210 comprises a substrate 212, test strip 1264, notched fluid guide means 1114, 1118 and a cover layer. 条1210的样品端1260处的第一电极对1266包括每一个具有五个指的两个电极。 A first electrode of the sample end 1260 of the article 1210 comprises two electrodes 1266 each having five finger. 该系统使用条1210中的第一电极对1266来获得绝大部分基于干扰物检测的一个测量，用于与使用第二电极对1268获得另一测量组合。 The system uses the first electrode strip 1210 to 1266 to obtain a majority of the interference detection based on the measurement, for using the second electrode 1268 to obtain another measurement unit. 在条1210的样品端的第二电极对是电极对1268，其包括两个电极，每一个具有三个指，并且该对1268被试剂层1264覆盖。 In the second end of the sample electrode 1210 is an electrode pair 1268 comprising two electrodes, each having three fingers, and the 1264 to 1268 is covered with the reagent layer. 第二电极对1268中的指也是约20μm宽，并被约20μm的间隙分开。 The second electrode is approximately 20μm wide in 1268 refers to, and is separated by a gap of about 20μm. 该第二电极对1268被系统用来估计样品中的分析物浓度。 The second electrode system 1268 is used to estimate the analyte concentration in the sample. 当第一电极对1266实施AC技术时，第二电极对1268被AC或DC信号驱动。 When the first electrode 1266 AC art embodiment, the second electrode 1268 is driven to AC or DC signals. 在样品端的更下游(超过第二电极对1268)是第三电极1270，其是单电极指，约20μm宽，通过导体1274连接到接触1272。 In a more downstream side of the sample (1268 exceeds the second electrode pair) is a third electrode 1270, which is a single electrode finger, about 20μm wide, connected to the conductor 1274 via a contact 1272. 该第三电极1270和第一电极对1166或第二电极对1168之间的AC信号响应为系统提供样品充足性信号。 The third electrode and the first electrode 1270 to second electrode 1166 or 1168 between the AC signal in response to a signal providing a sample adequacy system. 在该实施例的变型中，第三电极1270用作具有第二电极对1168的电路中的电极，用于施加本领域中已知的各种检测和测量技术。 In a variation of this embodiment, the third electrode 1270 serves as a second electrode having a pair of electrodes in the circuit 1168, it is known in the art various techniques for detecting and measuring applied.
图13示出条1410，其包括基板212、试剂条1464、具有凹口1448的流体引导装置1414、以及覆盖层1418。 Figure 13 shows bar 1410 includes a substrate 212, test strip 1464, a recess 1448 having a fluid guide apparatus 1414, and a cover layer 1418. 在条1410的样品端1166处的第一电极组1170包括两个电极，每一个具有五个指。 In the group of first electrode 1170 comprises two electrodes 1410 sample end 1166, each having five fingers. 电极1170中的指每一个约20μm宽，并且相邻互相交叉的指隔开的间隙约为10μm。 Refers to the electrode 1170 each about 20μm wide and spaced from adjacent fingers interdigitated gap is about 10μm.
第二电极组1171包括每一个具有三个指的两个电极。 1171 the second electrode group includes two electrodes each having three means. 电极1171的指每一个约20μm宽，并且相邻的、互相交叉的指之间的间隙约为10μm。 Each electrode finger width of 20μm to about 1171, and adjacent, the gap between the interdigitated fingers of approximately 10μm. 在有样品和试剂的情况下，当第一电极对1170被系统用来确定样品的血细胞比容并计算校正因子时，葡萄糖浓度的估算由第二电极组1171的响应得出。 In the case of the sample and the reagent, when first electrode 1170 is used to determine the hematocrit of the system a sample and calculating a correction factor, the estimated glucose concentration derived from the second electrode group in response to 1171. 第三电极对1471是每一个具有两个指的两个电极。 The third electrode 1471 is on each of two electrodes with two fingers. 在该实施例中，电势施加在第三对1471两端之间，直到样品到达该对，由此改变了电极之间存在的阻抗为止。 In this embodiment, the third potential is applied between both ends 1471, until the sample reaches the pair, thereby changing the impedance between the electrodes until the present. 系统接着可推断样品已经充分覆盖了电极的第一组1170和第二组1171以进行精确分析。 The system then inferred adequately cover the sample has a first set of electrodes 1170 and 1171 to the second set of accurate analysis. 在该示例性实施例中，需要约63nL的样品体积来覆盖该三个电极组。 In the exemplary embodiment, the sample volume required to cover the 63nL about three electrode set.
图14示出条1410，其具有基板层212、试剂条1464、带凹口的流体引导装置1414(具有凹口1448)、以及覆盖层1418。 Figure 14 shows bar 1410, having a substrate layer 212, reagent strip 1464, notched fluid guide means 1414 (having notch 1448), and a cover layer 1418. 第一电极对1466限定第一感测区1476，并包括每一个具有五个指的两个电极。 A first pair of electrodes defining a first sensing region 1466 1476, and includes two electrodes each having five means. 这些指约20μm宽，并且在互相交叉的指之间包括约20μm的间隙。 The width refers to about 20μm, about 20μm and comprises a gap between the interdigitated fingers. 该对1466用于提供反映样品的血细胞比容的响应，允许系统来校正如通过使用第二电极对1468所确定的样品中的葡萄糖的估算浓度。 The sample is provided to reflect the hematocrit response for 1466 allows the system to correct the estimated concentration of 1468 as determined by glucose in a sample by using the second electrode. 第二电极对1468限定第二感测区1478，并且包括每一个具有三个指的两个电极。 A second pair of electrodes defining a second sensing region 1468 1478, and includes two electrodes each having three means. 第二电极对1468的指尺寸和间隙与第一电极对1466的指尺寸和间隙相同。 It refers to the size same as the second electrode and the gap with the first electrode 1468 and refers to the size of the gap 1466. 第二电极对1468用于获得通过第一电极对1166得到的浓度估算的校正因子，并使用AC/阻抗测量技术。 The second electrode pair 1468 for a first electrode obtained by concentration of 1166 obtained estimated correction factor, and using the AC / impedance measurement technique.
图15示出条1510，即图11中的条的变型，其中电极对1570和1571以及覆盖它们的层被稍微修改。 Figure 15 shows bar 1510, i.e., variations in strip 11, wherein the pair of electrodes 1570 and 1571 and the covering layer thereof is slightly modified. 具体地说，电极对1570包括具有四个指的工作电极，每一个50μm宽，并且间隙宽度为20μm。 Specifically, the electrode 1570 includes four means having a working electrode, each of a 50μm wide, and the gap width of 20μm. 电极对1570中的对应的对置电极具有三个指，也是50μm宽。 Refers to having three electrode 1570 corresponding to the counter electrode, it is 50μm wide. 第二电极对1571包括具有两个指的工作电极，每一个100μm宽，以及具有单个指的对置电极，其也是100μm宽，并且间隙宽度为20μm。 A second electrode pair having two finger 1571 includes a working electrode, a 100μm wide each, and a single counter electrode means which are 100μm wide, and the gap width of 20μm. 在该实施例中，试剂1564将仅覆盖电极对1571，而涂层1565将覆盖电极对1570。 In this embodiment, only the agent 1564 to 1571 to cover the electrode, and the coating covers the pair of electrodes 1570 to 1565. 涂层1565是渗透选择的、尺寸选择的、离子选择的、或其它涂层，所述其它涂层限制影响电极对1570处的测量的样品的部分或成分，这在本领域中是众所周知的。 Permeable coating 1565 is selected, the size selection, the selected ions, or other coating, said coating other electrode to limit the impact on the measured sample of 1570 parts or components, which are well known in the art. 在该实施例的变型中，将存在三个或更多电极对，并且每一个电极对将覆盖有不同的试剂或其它涂层、或涂层的组合，以提供具有不同灵敏度的相应数目的测量，这些测量将被组合来确定最后的测量输出。 In a variation of this embodiment, there will be three or more electrode pairs, and each pair of electrodes covered with the combination of different agents or other coatings, or coatings to provide a corresponding number of measurements having different sensitivities these measurements will be combined to determine the final output measure. 在其它考虑中，除了由单元几何形状和涂层1565及试剂1564的选择得出的常数和函数之外，测量都如同相对于图11所描述的那样进行。 In other considerations, in addition to units derived from the selected geometry and the coating agent 1564 and 1565 and a constant function, measurements are performed as in FIG. 11 as described with respect to.
所述实施例的多个方面可以按照要求或需要，根据给定系统的设计参数和偏好而组合。 You can follow the required or desired, according to the design parameters and preferences given system the combination of a plurality of aspects of the described embodiments. 例如，在条上的电极和接触之间可以是一一对应的，如图4所示。 For example, the contact between the electrode and the bars may be one to one, as shown in FIG. 或者，其指在条的相同侧组合的所有电极可以电连接到相同接触，如图5所示，其提供多对一关系。 Alternatively, it refers to all of the electrodes on the same side of the strip combination may be electrically connected to the same contacts, shown in Figure 5, which provides a foreign key.
此外，这里所讨论的任何设计可以适应用于分析样品的那些下游的一个或多个“剂量充足性”电极，如图11和14所示。 Furthermore, any design discussed herein may be adapted for one or more of those downstream of the analysis of the sample "dose adequacy" electrodes, 11 and 14. 这种剂量充足性电极可包括两个或更多电极，并且相关电路可以根据它们之间存在的阻抗来确定样品是否已经到达那些电极。 This dose sufficiency electrodes may comprise two or more electrodes and associated circuitry may determine whether a sample has been reached that the electrode according to the impedance between them. 替换实施例包括单个剂量充足性电极，并且测量和驱动电路使用它和测量电极(工作电极或对置电极，即估算或校正对)之间的阻抗来检测在这些电极之间的空间中的样品流体的存在。 Sample alternative embodiment includes a single dose sufficiency electrodes, and measuring and driving circuit using it and the measuring electrode (working electrode or the counter electrode, i.e., the correction of the estimated or) to detect the impedance between the space between the electrodes the presence of fluid.
如上所述，该生物传感器可类似包括剂量检测电极系统，其与剂量充足性电极系统相当，只是它更接近测试条的边缘，样品进入测试条时测量电极的上游。 As described above, the biosensor may comprise a similar dose detection electrode system, which is comparable to a dose sufficiency electrode system, but it is closer to the edge of the test strip, upstream of the measuring electrode when the sample enters the test strip. 这种剂量检测电极系统可包括单个电极，其与单独提供的测量或其它电极组合工作。 This dose detection electrode system may comprise a single electrode or other working electrode combinations and measured separately provided. 或者，该剂量检测电极系统可包括电极对，其互相配合以指示何时样品流体已经跨接剂量检测电极之间的间隙。 Alternatively, the dose detection electrode system may include a pair of electrodes, which cooperate with each other to indicate when the sample fluid has been connected across the gap between the dose detection electrodes. 该剂量检测电极因此就操作而言可看作类似于剂量充足性电极，但就这些电极相对于测量电极在它们的上游位置中的位置而言是不相同的。 The dose detection electrodes thus can be considered operational terms similar dose sufficiency electrodes, but these electrodes relative to the measuring electrode at a position upstream of their position is not the same in terms of.
在其它变型中，系统中的热敏电阻用于确定温度，其与血细胞比容读数一起用于校正葡萄糖估算。 In other variations, the system for determining the temperature of the thermistor, which together with the correction for the hematocrit reading of the glucose estimates. 在其它变型中，第二电极对使用本领域中的技术人员已知的技术来提供温度补偿葡萄糖估算。 In other variations, the second electrode pair in the art using techniques known in the art to provide temperature compensation glucose estimation.
在其它变型中，样品首先遇到的电极对是宏观电极对，而在其它变型之中，是微电极对。 In other variations, the sample was first electrode pair electrode pair encountered macro, while in other variations among microelectrode pair. 在每一种情况下，每一个电极包括1、2、3、4、5、或更多适当尺寸的指，所有都互相电连接，并电连接到用于与测量/驱动电子电路进行通信的接触。 In each case, each electrode comprising 1,2,3,4,5, or more appropriately sized fingers, all of which are electrically connected to each other, and electrically connected to a measuring and / drive electronics communicate contact.
另一些变型使用其它的测量组合来获得所希望的结果。 Other variations of a combination with other measurements to obtain the desired results. 通常，这些变型将电信号施加到两个或更多个电极，以获得相应数目的响应信号。 Typically, these variants applying an electrical signal to the two or more electrodes to obtain a corresponding number of response signals. 由于信号(AC与DC、光谱、幅度等)、电极形状或尺寸、施加到样品的试剂(或者在一个或多个电极处可不存在试剂)的差别，和/或其它差别，响应信号对分析物浓度和干扰物的不同组合是灵敏的。 Since the signal (AC and the DC, spectral, amplitude, etc.), shape or size of the electrodes, the reagent is applied to the difference samples (or reagents may not be present in one or more electrodes) and / or other differences, the analyte response signal different combinations and concentrations are sensitive to interfering substances. 在一个这样的实例中，第一响应与样品的血细胞比容有关，而第二响应与样品中的血细胞比容和葡萄糖的浓度的组合有关。 In one such example, the first response to the hematocrit of the sample, while the second combined response of hematocrit in the sample and the concentration of glucose related. 在另一个这样的实例中，第一响应与温度有关，第二响应与温度和血细胞比容的组合有关，以及第三响应与温度、血细胞比容、和葡萄糖的组合有关。 In another such example, a first response to temperature, in response to a second combination of temperature and hematocrit-related, and in response to a third temperature, composition hematocrit, and glucose-related. 所得到的(多个)函数对于每一种设计可能不同，但它们可以由本领域的技术人员根据经验来确定，而不需要过多的实验。 The resulting (s) function may be different for each design, but they can be determined by one skilled in the art empirically, without undue experimentation.
本领域的技术人员应当理解，虽然此处已经根据组合测量，或进行测量并确定校正因子描述了实施例，但根据本发明的系统可使用任何适当的几何形状和任何适当的技术来得到并组合多个测量，以获得最后的检测或测量结果。 Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, although the combination according to have been measured or measured and a correction factor determining described embodiments, but the system according to the present invention obtained may be any suitable geometry and technique, and any suitable combination of plurality of measurements, to obtain the final result of the detection or measurement. 即，实施本发明可使用更多或更少的电极、和用于组合读数的任何公式，根据几何形状、试剂、以及结合该设计进行的其它系统设计选择，该公式是合适的。 That is, embodiments of the present invention may use more or fewer electrodes, and means for reading any combination formula, depending on the geometry, reagents, and other system design choices made in connection with the design, this formula is appropriate.
如Analyte Sensor application中所讨论的，其在上面被引入作为参考，根据本发明，分析物的精确检测可以在比现有技术系统容积小的基于条的系统中实现，而对连接器没有有害影响。 As discussed Analyte Sensor application, which is incorporated herein by reference, may be implemented in a smaller volume than prior art systems based bar system according to the present invention, accurate detection of the analyte in the above, without having a detrimental effect on the connector . 这允许较小的样品足够用于测量，为系统的用户省去了时间和麻烦。 This allows for measuring the sample is sufficiently small, eliminating the time and trouble for the user of the system.
这里所引用的所有公布、现有应用、和其它文献由此被全文引入作为参考，如同每一个都已经被单独引入作为参考并被充分阐明。 All publications, prior applications, and other references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference as if each had been individually incorporated by reference and fully set forth.
虽然在附图和前面描述中已经详细说明和描述了本发明，上述在性质上是说明性的，而不是限制性的，但是应当理解的是，只是已经示出并描述了优选实施例，并且由相关领域的技术人员想到的所有变型和修改希望得到保护。 Although in the drawings and foregoing description has been illustrated and described in detail the present invention, the above-described illustrative in nature, and not restrictive, and it should be understood that, but have been shown and described preferred embodiments, and All variations and modifications that occur to skill in the relevant field desired to be protected.
1.一种限定了毛细管通道的测试条，该确定该通道的尺寸以便引起体液样品沿预定路径通过该通道移动，该改进包括：第一电极组，其与通道进行电通信以获得与样品中的分析物浓度相关的第一测量；和第二电极组，其与通道进行电通信以获得与所述分析物和样品的一个或多个特性相关的第二测量。 A test strip defines a capillary channel, determines the size of the channel so as to cause the body fluid sample through the channel along a predetermined path movement, the improvement comprising: a first electrode group, which is in electrical communication with the sample channel to obtain the analyte concentration of the first measurement; and a second electrode group which is in electrical communication with a second channel to obtain a measure related to the analyte and a sample of one or more properties.
2.如权利要求1的测试条，其中第二电极组包括具有基本平行的、互相交叉的指的电极对，每一个电极具有至少两个指，并且每一个指与第二电极组中的最近的其它指的距离小于约50μm。 2. The test strip of claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises a set of substantially parallel, interdigitated electrode finger pairs, each electrode having at least two fingers, and each finger nearest the second electrode group other means of a distance less than about 50μm.
3.如权利要求2的测试条，其中第一电极组包括具有基本平行的、互相交叉的指的电极对，每一个电极具有至少两个指，并且每一个指与第一电极组中的最近的其它指的距离小于约50μm。 3. The test strip of claim 2, wherein the first electrode comprises a set of substantially parallel, interdigitated electrode finger pairs, each electrode having at least two fingers, and each finger of the first electrode nearest group other means of a distance less than about 50μm.
4.如权利要求3的测试条，其中每一个指距离第一电极组中的最近的其它指至少约1μm。 4. The test strip of claim 3, wherein each of the first electrode group refers to a distance nearest to the other fingers of at least about 1μm.
5.如权利要求3的测试条，其中每一个指距离第一电极组中的最近的其它指至少约10μm。 Test strip as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of the first electrode group refers to a distance nearest to the other fingers of at least about 10μm.
6.如权利要求1的测试条，其中第二电极组包括具有基本平行的、互相交叉的指的电极对，每一个电极具有至少两个指，并且每一个指宽度小于约50μm。 6. The test strip of claim 1, wherein the second electrode group comprises interdigitated finger electrodes having substantially parallel to, each electrode having at least two fingers, each finger and a width of less than about 50μm.
7.如权利要求6的测试条，其中第一电极组包括具有基本平行的、互相交叉的指的电极对，每一个电极具有至少两个指，并且每一个指的宽度小于约50μm。 7. The test strip of claim 6, wherein the first electrode group comprises interdigitated finger electrodes having substantially parallel to, each electrode having at least two fingers, and each finger width of less than about 50μm.
8.如权利要求6的测试条，其中每一个指距离第一电极组中的最近的其它指至少约1μm。 Test strip as claimed in claim 6, wherein each of the first electrode group refers to a distance nearest to the other fingers of at least about 1μm.
9.如权利要求8的测试条，其中每一个指距离第一电极组中的最近的其它指至少约10μm。 9. The test strip of claim 8, wherein each of the first electrode group refers to a distance nearest to the other fingers of at least about 10μm.
10.如权利要求1的测试条，进一步包括第三电极组，其与路径进行电通信以确定样品何时已经进入通道预定距离。 10. The test strip of claim 1, further comprising a third electrode group, which is in electrical communication with the paths to determine when sample has entered a predetermined distance from the channel.
11.如权利要求10的测试条，其中第三电极组是从包括第一电极组和第二电极组的组中选择的。 11. The test strip of claim 10, wherein the third electrode group is selected from the group consisting of a first electrode group and a second group of electrodes.
12.如权利要求10的测试条，其中第三电极组是单个电极，其比第一电极组和第二电极组更接近通道入口。 12. The test strip of claim 10, wherein the third electrode is a single electrode set, which is closer to the inlet channel than the first electrode group and a second electrode group.
13.如权利要求12的测试条，其中该单个电极具有一个或多个电连接的指，每一个指具有约5μm至约50μm的宽度。 13. The test strip of claim 12, wherein the individual electrodes are electrically connected with one or more fingers, each finger having a width of from about 5μm to about 50μm.
14.如权利要求10的测试条，其中第三电极组包括第一剂量检测电极和第二剂量检测电极，这两个电极都比第一电极组和第二电极组更接近通道入口。 14. The test strip of claim 10, wherein the third electrode set includes a first electrode and a second dose detection dose detection electrodes, the two electrodes than the first electrode group and a second group of electrodes closer to the inlet channel.
15.如权利要求14的测试条，其中剂量检测工作电极和剂量检测对置电极每一个均具有多个电连接的指，每一个指的形状基本上是矩形，并具有约5μm至约50μm的宽度。 15. The test strip of claim 14, wherein the dose and dose detector detecting a working electrode the counter electrode each having a plurality of electrical connection means, each means a substantially rectangular shape, and having from about 5μm to about 50μm of width.
16.如权利要求1的测试条，进一步包括第三电极组，其与路径进行电通信以确定样品何时已经填充通道以覆盖第一电极组和第二电极组。 16. The test strip of claim 1, further comprising a third electrode group, which is in electrical communication with the paths to determine when the sample has filled the channel to cover the first electrode group and a second electrode group.
17.如权利要求16的测试条，其中第三电极组是从包括第一电极组和第二电极组的组中选择的。 17. The test strip of claim 16, wherein the third electrode group is selected from the group consisting of a first electrode group and a second group of electrodes.
18.如权利要求16的测试条，其中第三电极组是单个电极，其比第一电极组和第二电极组更远离通道入口。 18. The test strip of claim 16, wherein the third electrode is a single electrode group, which is more remote from the inlet channel than the first electrode group and a second electrode group.
19.如权利要求18的测试条，其中该单个电极具有一个或多个电连接的指，每一个指的形状基本上是矩形，并具有小于约50μm的宽度。 19. The test strip of claim 18, wherein the individual electrodes are electrically connected with one or more fingers, each finger a substantially rectangular shape, and has a width of less than about 50μm.
20.如权利要求16的测试条，其中第三电极组包括样品充足性工作电极和样品充足性对置电极，这两个电极都比第一电极组和第二电极组更远离通道入口。 20. The test strip of claim 16, wherein the third electrode group includes a sample sufficiency working electrode and the counter electrode sample adequacy, the two electrode than the first electrode group and a second group of electrodes further away from the channel inlet.
21.如权利要求20的测试条，其中样品充足性工作电极和样品充足性对置电极每一个均具有多个电连接的指，每一个指的形状基本上是矩形，并具有约5μm至约50μm的宽度。 21. The test strip of claim 20, wherein the adequacy of the sample and the sample adequacy working electrode the counter electrode each having a plurality of electrical connection means, each means a substantially rectangular shape, and having from about 5μm to about the width of 50μm.
22.如权利要求1的测试条，其中：第一电极组包括第一电极和第二电极；第二电极组包括第三电极和第四电极；第一电极和第三电极互相电连接；且第二电极和第四电极互相进行电通信。 22. The test strip of claim 1, wherein: a first electrode group including a first electrode and a second electrode; a second electrode group includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode; a first and third electrodes are electrically connected to each other; and The second and fourth electrodes in electrical communication with each other.
23.如权利要求1的测试条，进一步包括第一电极组上方的试剂材料，其中该试剂材料与体液结合产生氧化还原反应。 23. The test strip of claim 1, further comprising a reagent material over the first electrode group, wherein the reagent binding material with body fluids oxidation-reduction reaction.
24.如权利要求1的测试条，进一步包括第二电极组上方的试剂材料，其中该试剂材料与体液结合产生氧化还原反应。 24. The test strip of claim 1, further comprising a reagent material over the second electrode set, wherein the reagent binding material with body fluids oxidation-reduction reaction.
25.一种诊断条，包括：第一电极对，包括第一电极和第二电极，在第一基本平面物理区中工作；以及第二电极对，包括第三电极和第四电极，在与第一平面物理区基本共面的第二基本平面物理区中工作，；其中第一电极和第二电极每一个均包括多个指；第三电极和第四电极每一个均包括至少一个指；以及第一电极和第二电极的指互相交叉，并且在它们的最近点处与它们最接近的相邻指隔开至多约50μm。 25. A diagnostic strip comprising: a first electrode pair comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, a first substantially planar in physical work zone; and a second electrode pair including a third electrode and a fourth electrode, and in a second region of the first physical plane substantially planar region substantially coplanar physical work,; wherein the first and second electrodes each include a plurality of means; third and fourth electrodes each include at least one finger; and first and second electrodes cross each other fingers, and at their closest point to their nearest adjacent finger spaced up to about 50μm.
26.如权利要求25的诊断条，其中第一电极对比第二电极对更接近边缘。 Diagnostic strip 25 of the first electrode wherein the second electrode pair comparison closer to the edge as claimed in claim 26,.
27.如权利要求26的诊断条，进一步包括第五电极，该第五电极比第一电极对和第二电极对更远离边缘。 27. The diagnostic strip of claim 26, further comprising a fifth electrode, the fifth electrode than the first electrode pair and the second pair of electrodes further away from the edge.
28.如权利要求27的诊断条，其中第五电极是单个导电引线。 28. The diagnostic strip of claim 27, wherein the fifth electrode is a single conductive lead.
29.如权利要求28的诊断条，其中所述第五电极具有至多约50μm的宽度。 29. The diagnostic strip of claim 28, wherein said fifth electrode has a width of up to about 50μm.
30.如权利要求28的诊断条，其中所述第五电极具有至少约50μm的宽度。 30. The diagnostic strip of claim 28, wherein said fifth electrode has a width of at least about 50μm.
31.如权利要求27的诊断条，其中第五电极是多个导电引线。 31. The diagnostic strip of claim 27, wherein the fifth electrode is a plurality of conductive leads.
32.如权利要求31的诊断条，其中该多个导电引线：每一个具有至多约50μm的宽度；且在该条上并不是所有都互相电连接。 32. The diagnostic strip as claimed in claim 31, wherein the plurality of conductive leads: has a width of up to about 50μm; and in the strip are not all electrically connected to each other.
33.如权利要求25的诊断条，其中第二电极对比第一电极对更接近边缘。 Diagnostic strip 25, wherein the second electrode of the first electrode pair comparison closer to the edge as claimed in claim 33,.
34.如权利要求33的诊断条，其中第二电极对包括至少两个指，每一个至少约50μm宽。 34. A diagnostic strip as claimed in claim 33, wherein the second electrode comprises at least two fingers of each of at least about 50μm wide.
35.如权利要求33的诊断条，其中第二电极对包括至少两个指，每一个至多约50μm宽。 35. The diagnostic strip as claimed in claim 33, wherein the second electrode comprises at least two fingers, each of up to about 50μm wide.
36.如权利要求33的诊断条，进一步包括第五电极，该第五电极比第一电极对和第二电极对更远离边缘。 36. The diagnostic strip of claim 33, further comprising a fifth electrode, the fifth electrode than the first electrode pair and the second pair of electrodes further away from the edge.
37.如权利要求36的诊断条，其中第五电极是单个导电引线。 37. The diagnostic strip of claim 36, wherein the fifth electrode is a single conductive lead.
38.如权利要求37的诊断条，其中所述第五电极具有至多约50μm的宽度。 38. The diagnostic strip as claimed in claim 37, wherein said fifth electrode has a width of up to about 50μm.
39.如权利要求37的诊断条，其中所述第五电极具有至少约50μm的宽度。 39. The diagnostic strip of claim 37, wherein said fifth electrode has a width of at least about 50μm.
40.如权利要求36的诊断条，其中第五电极是多个导电引线。 40. The diagnostic strip as claimed in claim 36, wherein the fifth electrode is a plurality of conductive leads.
41.如权利要求40的诊断条，其中该多个导电引线：平行于边缘延伸；具有至多约50μm的宽度；且在该条上没有互相电连接。 41. The diagnostic strip of claim 40, wherein the plurality of conductive leads: extends parallel to the edge; having a width of up to about 50μm; electrically connected to each other and not on the strip.
42.如权利要求25的诊断条，其中：第三电极和第四电极每一个均包括一个或多个指；以及第三电极的指和第四电极的指每一个均具有至少约50μm的宽度。 42. The diagnostic strip as claimed in claim 25, wherein: the third and fourth electrodes each include one or more fingers; finger and fourth finger electrode and the third electrode each having a width of at least about 50μm .
43.如权利要求25的诊断条，其中：第三电极和第四电极每一个均包括一个或多个指；以及第三电极的指和第四电极的指每一个均具有至多约50μm的宽度。 43. The diagnostic strip as claimed in claim 25, wherein: the third and fourth electrodes each include one or more fingers; and the third electrode fingers and the fourth electrode finger each having a width of up to about 50μm of .
44.如权利要求25的诊断条，其中第一电极和第二电极的指每一个在它们的最近点处与它们的最近的相邻指隔开至多约30μm。 44. The diagnostic strip of claim 25, wherein the fingers of the first and second electrodes spaced from each finger to about 30μm up to their nearest neighbor at the nearest point thereof.
45.如权利要求25的诊断条，其中第一电极和第二电极的指的形状基本上是矩形，并且至多约20μm宽；且第一电极和第二电极的指每一个在它们的最近点处与它们的最近的邻居隔开至多约20μm。 45. The diagnostic strip of claim 25, wherein the shape of the first electrode and the second electrode means is substantially rectangular, and up to about 20μm width; and refers to the closest point in each of their first and second electrodes and at their nearest neighbors up to about 20μm apart.
46.如权利要求25的诊断条：进一步包括在条上与第一和第二电极对隔开的第一电接触和第二电接触；其中第一电极和第三电极电连接到第一电接触，且第二电极和第四电极电连接到第二电接触。 46. ​​The diagnostic strip as claimed in claim 25: further comprising a first and a second electrode on a first pair of spaced electrical contacts and a second electrical contact; wherein the first electrode and electrically a first electrode electrically connected to the third contacts, and the second electrode and the fourth electrode is electrically connected to the second electrical contact.
47.如权利要求25的诊断条：进一步包括在条上与第一和第二电极对隔开的第一电接触、第二电接触、第三电接触、和第四电接触；其中第一电极电连接到第一电接触，第二电极电连接到第二电接触，第三电极电连接到第三电接触，以及第四电极电连接到第四电接触。 47. The diagnostic strip of claim 25: further comprising a first and a pair of spaced apart first electrical contact, a second electrical contact, the electrical contact of the third, and the fourth electrode in electrical contact with the second winding; wherein a first a first electrode electrically connected to the electrical contact, the second electrode is electrically connected to the second electrical contact, the third electrode electrically connected to the third electrical contact, and a fourth electrode electrically connected to the fourth electric contact.
48.如权利要求25的测试条，进一步包括第一电极对上方的试剂材料，其中该试剂材料与体液结合产生氧化还原反应。 48. The test strip of claim 25, further comprising a pair of a first electrode material over the reagent, wherein the reagent binding material and the body fluid to produce oxidation-reduction reaction.
49.如权利要求25的测试条，进一步包括第二电极对上方的第一试剂材料，其中该第一试剂材料与体液结合产生氧化还原反应。 49. The test strip of claim 25, further comprising a second electrode material over the first reagent, wherein the first reagent binding material and the body fluid to produce oxidation-reduction reaction.
50.如权利要求49的测试条，进一步包括第一电极对上方的第二试剂材料。 50. The test strip of claim 49, further comprising a first electrode material over the second reagent.
51.如权利要求50的测试条，其中第一试剂材料和第二试剂材料是相同的材料。 51. The test strip of claim 50, wherein the material of the first reagent and the second reagent material are the same material.
52.如权利要求50的测试条，其中第二试剂材料与体液结合产生氧化还原反应。 52. The test strip of claim 50, wherein the second reagent binding material and the body fluid to produce oxidation-reduction reaction.
53.一种测试条，包括：第一电极装置，用于测量分析物浓度；和第二电极装置，用于通过测量在不到4.00秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态条件的电响应来确定校正因子。 53. A test strip, comprising: a first electrode means for measuring the analyte concentration; and a second electrode means, for reaching a steady state or quasi-steady state conditions by measuring a time less than 4.00 seconds electrical response determining a correction factor.
54.如权利要求53的测试条，其中第二电极响应在不到3.00秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态。 54. The test strip of claim 53, wherein the second electrode reaches a steady state or quasi-steady state response in a time less than 3.00 seconds.
55.如权利要求53的测试条，其中第二电极响应在不到2.00秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态。 55. The test strip of claim 53, wherein the second electrode reaches a steady state or quasi-steady state response in a time less than 2.00 seconds.
56.如权利要求53的测试条，其中第二电极响应在不到1.00秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态。 56. The test strip of claim 53, wherein the second electrode reaches a steady state or quasi-steady state response in a time less than 1.00 seconds.
57.如权利要求53的测试条，其中第二电极响应在不到0.50秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态。 57. The test strip of claim 53, wherein the second electrode reaches a steady state or quasi-steady state response in a time less than 0.50 seconds.
58.一种测试条，包括：适于在样品腔的第一测量区内测试体液样品的第一传感器；和适于在样品腔的第二测量区内测试相同样品的第二传感器；其中第一测量区和第二测量区总计至多约240nL。 58. A test strip, comprising: a first sensor adapted for measuring a first sample chamber in the region of the test body fluid sample; test sample and a second measurement area a second chamber adapted to sample the same sensor; wherein the first measuring a total area and the second measuring region up to about 240nL.
59.如权利要求58的测试条，其中总测量体积至多大约为200nL。 59. The test strip of claim 58, wherein the total volume of the measurement up to approximately 200nL.
60.如权利要求58的测试条，其中总测量体积至多大约为90nL。 60. The test strip of claim 58, wherein the total volume of the measurement up to approximately 90nL.
61.如权利要求58的测试条，其中总测量体积至多大约为80nL。 61. The test strip of claim 58, wherein the total volume of the measurement up to approximately 80nL.
62.如权利要求58的测试条，其中总测量体积至多大约为65nL。 62. The test strip of claim 58, wherein the total volume of the measurement up to approximately 65nL.
63.如权利要求58的测试条，其中：第一传感器包括工作电极和对置电极；且第二传感器包括单个引线。 63. The test strip of claim 58, wherein: the first sensor includes a working electrode and a counter electrode; and the second sensor comprises a single lead.
64.如权利要求58的测试条，其中：第一传感器包括第一工作电极和第一对置电极；以及第二传感器包括第二工作电极和第二对置电极。 64. The test strip of claim 58, wherein: the first sensor comprises a first working electrode and the first counter electrode; and a second sensor comprising a second working electrode and second counter electrode.
65.如权利要求64的测试条，其中第二工作电极和第二对置电极是互相交叉的导电指阵列，每一个指的形状基本上是矩形，并具有约5μm至约50μm的宽度。 65. The test strip of claim 64, wherein the second working electrode and the second opposing electrode are interdigitated array of conductive fingers, each finger of a substantially rectangular shape, and having a width of from about 5μm to about 50μm.
66.一种测量体液样品中的分析物浓度的方法，包括：获得对样品施加第一电信号的第一响应；获得对样品施加第二电信号的第二响应；以及使用第一响应和第二响应来得出样品中的分析物浓度的测量结果。 66. A method of analyzing a body fluid sample concentration measurement, comprising: obtaining a first response electrical signal is applied to a first sample; applying a second electrical signal to obtain a second response to the sample; and using the first and second response in response to the measurement results obtained two analyte concentration in the sample.
67.如权利要求66的方法，其中在交叠的时间段内执行所述获得步骤。 67. The method as claimed in claim 66, wherein the performing period overlapping the obtaining step.
68.如权利要求66的方法，其中：通过与样品电接触的第一电极对施加第一电信号；通过与样品电接触的第二电极对施加第二电信号；且样品体积少于约240nL。 68. The method of claim 66, wherein: the first electrode is electrically in contact with the sample is applied to a first electrical signal; applying a second electrical signal through the second electrode is electrically in contact with the sample; and a sample volume of less than about 240nL .
69.如权利要求68的方法，其中样品体积少于约200nL。 69. The method as claimed in claim 68, wherein the sample volume is less than about 200nL.
70.如权利要求68的方法，其中样品体积少于约90nL。 70. The method of claim 68, wherein the sample volume is less than about 90nL.
71.如权利要求68的方法，其中样品体积少于约80nL。 71. The method of claim 68, wherein the sample volume is less than about 80nL.
72.如权利要求68的方法，其中样品体积少于约65nL。 72. The method of claim 68, wherein the sample volume is less than about 65nL.
73.如权利要求66的方法，进一步包括：在获得步骤之前，检测样品体积的充足性。 73. The method of claim 66, further comprising: prior to the step of obtaining adequate sample volume testing.
74.如权利要求73的方法，其中使用至少第三个电极执行所述检测。 74. The method of claim 73, wherein at least a third electrode to perform the detection.
75.如权利要求74的方法，其中使用第三电极对执行所述检测。 75. The method of claim 74, wherein the detecting is performed on the third electrode.
76.一种用于测量体液样品中的分析物浓度的传感器，包括：第一电极对，其被配置用于将第一信号施加到样品以引出指示样品中的分析物的近似浓度的第一响应；和第二电极对，其被配置用于将第二信号施加到样品以引出指示样品的第二特性的第二响应，其中该第二特性影响第一响应；其中第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在施加了相应的信号之后不到4.00秒达到稳态。 First a first electrode pair, configured for applying a first signal to the sample to elicit an approximate indication of the concentration of an analyte in a sample: 76. A body fluid sample used for measuring the concentration of an analyte sensor, comprising response; and a second electrode, which is configured for applying a second signal to a second characteristic of the sample to elicit a second response indicating sample, wherein the second impact a first response characteristic; wherein the first and second response after at least a response signal corresponding to less than 4.00 seconds is applied in the steady state is reached.
77.如权利要求76的传感器，其中该第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在不到3.00秒的时间内达到稳态。 77. The sensor of claim 76, wherein the at least a steady state is reached in less than 3.00 seconds of the time of the first response and second response.
78.如权利要求76的传感器，其中该第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在不到2.00秒的时间内达到稳态。 78. The sensor of claim 76, wherein the at least a steady state is reached in less than 2.00 seconds of the time of the first response and second response.
79.如权利要求76的传感器，其中该第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在不到1.00秒的时间内达到稳态。 79. The sensor of claim 76, wherein the at least a steady state is reached in less than 1.00 seconds of the time of the first response and second response.
80.如权利要求76的传感器，其中该第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在不到0.50秒的时间内达到稳态。 80. A sensor as claimed in claim 76, wherein the at least a steady state is reached in less than 0.50 seconds of the time of the first response and second response.
81.一种用于测量体液样品中的分析物浓度的方法，包括：第一电极对，其被配置用于将第一信号施加到样品以引出指示样品中的分析物的近似浓度的第一响应；第二电极对，其被配置用于将第二信号施加到样品以引出对样品的一个或多个特性具有不同灵敏度的第二响应；以及使用第一响应和第二响应来得出样品中的分析物浓度的校正的测量结果；其中第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在不到4.00秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态。 First a first electrode pair, configured for applying a first signal to the sample to elicit an approximate indication of the concentration of an analyte in a sample: 81. A method for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a sample body fluid, comprising response; a second electrode pair that is configured for applying to the sample a second signal in response to a second lead having different sensitivities to the characteristics of a sample or more; and using the first and second response to derive the response sample the measurement results corrected analyte concentration; wherein at least one of a steady state or quasi-steady state reached in less than 4.00 seconds of the time of the first response and the second response.
82.如权利要求81的传感器，其中该第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在不到3.00秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态。 82. The sensor as claimed in claim 81, wherein the at least reaches a steady state or quasi-steady state in less than 3.00 seconds of the time of the first response and second response.
83.如权利要求81的传感器，其中该第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在不到2.00秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态。 83. The sensor as claimed in claim 81, wherein the at least reaches a steady state or quasi-steady state in less than 2.00 seconds of the time of the first response and second response.
84.如权利要求81的传感器，其中该第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在不到1.00秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态。 84. The sensor as claimed in claim 81, wherein the at least reaches a steady state or quasi-steady state in less than 1.00 seconds of the time of the first response and second response.
85.如权利要求81的传感器，其中该第一响应和第二响应中的至少一个在不到0.50秒的时间内达到稳态或准稳态。 85. The sensor as claimed in claim 81, wherein the at least reaches a steady state or quasi-steady state in less than 0.50 seconds of the time of the first response and second response.
CN 200480023719 2003-06-20 2004-06-18 It relates to an apparatus and method of the electrochemical biosensor CN1839313B (en)
US60/480,243 2003-06-20
PCT/US2004/019576 WO2004113910A1 (en) 2003-06-20 2004-06-18 Devices and methods relating to electrochemical biosensors
CN1839313A true true CN1839313A (en) 2006-09-27
CN1839313B CN1839313B (en) 2011-12-14
CN 200480023719 CN1839313B (en) 2003-06-20 2004-06-18 It relates to an apparatus and method of the electrochemical biosensor
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