Source: http://www.ussc.gov/guidelines/2015-guidelines-manual/archive/2005-2a41
Timestamp: 2016-08-25 22:00:24
Document Index: 491538372

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2', '§ 115', '§1', '§1', '§ 2241', '§2', '§2', '§ 1201']

2005 2a4_1 | United States Sentencing Commission
2005 2a4_1
PERSON§2A4.1. Kidnapping, Abduction,
Unlawful Restraint(a) Base Offense Level: 32(b) Specific Offense Characteristics
(2) (A) If the victim sustained permanent or life-threatening bodily injury,
increase by 4 levels; (B) if the victim
(4) (A) If the victim was not released before thirty days had elapsed,
increase by 2 levels. (B) If the victim was not released before seven days had elapsed, increase
by 1 level. (5) If the victim was sexually exploited, increase by 6 levels.
(6) If the victim is a minor and, in exchange for money or other consideration,
was placed in the care or custody of another person who had no legal right
to such care or custody of the victim, increase by 3 levels.
(7) If the victim was kidnapped, abducted, or unlawfully restrained during
the commission of, or in connection with, another offense or escape therefrom;
or if another offense was committed during the kidnapping, abduction, or
unlawful restraint, increase to --
(A) the offense level from the Chapter Two offense guideline applicable
to that other offense if such offense guideline includes an adjustment
for kidnapping, abduction, or unlawful restraint, or otherwise takes such
conduct into account; or (B) 4 plus the offense level from
greater than level 43, in any other
case, if the resulting offense level is greater than that determined above.
(1) If the victim was killed under circumstances that would constitute murder
U.S.C. §§ 115(b)(2), 351(b), (d), 1201, 1203, 1751(b), 2340A.
A (Statutory Index).Application Notes:1. For purposes of this guideline—Definitions of "serious bodily injury" and "permanent or life-threatening
bodily injury" are found in the Commentary to §1B1.1 (Application Instructions).
However, for purposes of this guideline, "serious bodily injury" means conduct
other than criminal sexual abuse, which is taken into account in the specific
offense characteristic under subsection (b)(5).2. "A dangerous weapon was used" means that a firearm was discharged, or
a "firearm" or "dangerous weapon" was "otherwise used" (as defined in the Commentary
to §1B1.1 (Application Instructions)). 3. "Sexually exploited" includes offenses set forth in 18 U.S.C. §§ 2241-2244,
2251, and 2421-2423.4. In the case of a conspiracy, attempt, or solicitation to kidnap, §2X1.1
(Attempt, Solicitation, or Conspiracy) requires that the court apply any adjustment
that can be determined with reasonable certainty. Therefore, for example, if
an offense involved conspiracy to kidnap for the purpose of committing murder,
subsection (b)(7) would reference first degree murder (resulting in an offense
level of 43, subject to a possible 3-level reduction under §2X1.1(b)). Similarly, for example, if an offense involved a kidnapping during which
a participant attempted to murder the victim under circumstances that would
have constituted first degree murder had death occurred, the offense referenced
under subsection (b)(7) would be the offense of first degree murder.Background: Federal kidnapping
cases generally encompass three categories of conduct: limited duration kidnapping
where the victim is released unharmed; kidnapping that occurs as part of or
to facilitate the commission of another offense (often, sexual assault); and
kidnapping for ransom or political demand. The guideline contains an adjustment for the length of time that the victim
was detained. The adjustment recognizes the increased suffering involved in
lengthy kidnappings and provides an incentive to release the victim. An enhancement is provided when the offense is committed for ransom (subsection
(b)(1)) or involves another federal, state, or local offense that results in
a greater offense level (subsections (b)(7) and (c)(1)).Section 401 of Public Law 101-647 amended 18 U.S.C. § 1201 to require
that courts take into account certain specific offense characteristics in cases
involving a victim under eighteen years of age and directed the Commission
to include those specific offense characteristics within the guidelines. Where
the guidelines did not already take into account the conduct identified by
the Act, additional specific offense characteristics have been provided.Subsections (a) and (b)(5), and the deletion of subsection (b)(4)(C), effective
May 30, 2003, implement the directive to the Commission in section 104 of Public
Law 108–21.Historical Note: Effective
C, amendment 96); November 1, 1991 (see Appendix
C, amendment 363); November 1, 1992 (see Appendix
C, amendment 445); November 1, 1993 (see Appendix
C, amendment 478); November 1, 1997 (see Appendix
C, amendment 545); November 1, 2002 (see Appendix
C, amendment 637); May 30, 2003 (see Appendix
C, amendment 650); October 27, 2003 (see Appendix