Source: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/03/17/2017-05327/special-conditions-bombardier-inc-model-bd-700-2a12-and-bd-700-2a13-series-airplanes-electronic
Timestamp: 2017-08-19 13:21:22
Document Index: 469822681

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 25', '§\u200921', 'art 34', 'art 36', '§\u200925', '§\u200925']

Federal Register :: Special Conditions: Bombardier Inc., Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 Series Airplanes, Electronic Flight Control System: Lateral-Directional and Longitudinal Stability, and Low-Energy Awareness
Special Conditions: Bombardier Inc., Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 Series Airplanes, Electronic Flight Control System: Lateral-Directional and Longitudinal Stability, and Low-Energy Awareness
82 FR 14126
14126-14128 (3 pages)
2017-05327
FAA-2016-9296
https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2017-05327 https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2017-05327
Send comments identified by docket number FAA-2016-9296 using any of the following methods:
Privacy: The FAA will post all comments it receives, without change, Start Printed Page 14127to http://www.regulations.gov/​, including any personal information the commenter provides. Using the search function of the docket Web site, anyone can find and read the electronic form of all comments received into any FAA docket, including the name of the individual sending the comment (or signing the comment for an association, business, labor union, etc.). DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement can be found in the Federal Register published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477-19478), as well as at http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov/​.
Joe Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and Flightcrew Interface, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2011; facsimile 425-227-1320.
On May 30, 2012, Bombardier applied for an amendment to Type Certificate No. T00003NY to include the new Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. The Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes, which are derivatives of the BD-700 currently approved under Type Certificate No. T00003NY, are ultra-long-range, executive-interior business jets, with a passenger capacity of 19.
Under the provisions of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 21.101, Bombardier must show that the Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes meet the applicable provisions of the regulations listed in Type Certificate No. T00003NY, or the applicable regulations in effect on the date of application for the change, except for earlier amendments as agreed upon by the FAA.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for the Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes because of a novel or unusual design feature, special conditions are prescribed under the provisions of § 21.16.
In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special conditions, the Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes must comply with the fuel-vent and exhaust-emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34 and the noise-certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
The Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes will incorporate the following novel or unusual design feature:
Lateral-directional and longitudinal stability, and low-energy awareness, through an electronic flight-control system.
The EFCS on the Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes contain fly-by-wire control laws that can impact static stability; therefore, the conventional requirements in the regulations are not always met.
Positive static-directional stability is defined as the tendency to recover from a skid with the rudder free. Positive static-lateral stability is defined as the tendency to raise the low wing in a sideslip with the aileron controls free. These control criteria are intended to accomplish the following:
Provide additional cues of inadvertent sideslips and skids through control-force changes.
Provide an acceptable level of pilot attention (workload) to attain and maintain a coordinated turn.
Static longitudinal stability on airplanes with mechanical links to the pitch-control surface means that a pull force on the controller results in a reduction in speed relative to the trim speed, and a push force on the controller results in higher than trim speed. Longitudinal stability is required by the regulations for the following reasons:
Past experience on airplanes fitted with a flight-control system providing neutral longitudinal stability reveals insufficient feedback cues to the pilot for excursion below normal operational speeds. The maximum angle-of-attack protection system limits the airplane angle of attack and prevents stall during normal operating speeds, but this system is not sufficient to prevent stall at low-speed excursions below normal operational speeds. Until intervention, the pilot receives no stability cues because the airplane remains trimmed. Additionally, due to thrust variation, Start Printed Page 14128flight-control laws reduce feedback from the pitching moment. Low-speed excursions may become more hazardous without the typical longitudinal stability, and recovery may become more difficult when the low-speed situation is associated with a low altitude, and with the engines at low thrust or in performance-limiting conditions.
As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. Should Bombardier apply at a later date for a change to the type certificate to include another model incorporating the same novel or unusual design feature, these special conditions would apply to that model as well.
This action affects only a certain novel or unusual design feature on Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. It is not a rule of general applicability.
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of the type certification basis for Bombardier Inc. Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes.
In lieu of the requirements of §§ 25.171, 25.173, 25.175 and 25.177(c), the following special conditions apply:
1. The airplane must be shown to have suitable static lateral, directional, and longitudinal stability in any condition normally encountered in service, including from the effects of atmospheric disturbance. The showing of suitable static lateral, directional, and longitudinal stability must be based on the airplane handling qualities, including pilot workload and pilot compensation, for specific test procedures during the flight-test evaluations.
2. The airplane must provide to the pilot adequate awareness of a low-energy (low speed, low thrust, low height) state when fitted with flight-control laws presenting neutral longitudinal stability significantly below the normal operating speeds. “Adequate awareness” means warning information that alerts the flightcrew of unsafe operating conditions, allowing the flightcrew to take appropriate corrective action.
3. The following requirement must be met for the configurations and speed specified in paragraph (a) of § 25.177. In straight, steady sideslips over the range of sideslip angles appropriate to the operation of the airplane, the rudder-control movements and forces must be substantially proportional to the angle of sideslip in a stable sense. This factor of proportionality must lie between limits found necessary for safe operation. The range of sideslip angles evaluated must include those sideslip angles resulting from the lesser of:
a. One-half of the available rudder-control input; and
b. A rudder-control force of 180 pounds.
[FR Doc. 2017-05327 Filed 3-16-17; 8:45 am]