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Timestamp: 2018-12-14 07:42:15
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ISO 18672-1 | Pipe (Fluid Conveyance) | Bending
ISO 18672-1
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STANDARD 18672-1
Plastics piping systems for non-pressure
drainage and sewerage — Polyester resin
concrete (PRC) —
Pipes and fittings with flexible joints
Systèmes de canalisations en plastique pour les branchements et les
collecteurs d'assainissement sans pression — Béton résines polyester
(BRP) —
Partie 1: Tubes et raccords avec assemblages flexibles
ISO 18672-1:2009(E)
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations ................................................................................ 2
3.1 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 2
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 6
4 General requirements........................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Materials ................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2 Appearance ......................................................................................................................................... 10
4.3 Reference conditions for testing....................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Joints.................................................................................................................................................... 10
5 Pipes..................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Classification....................................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Designation ......................................................................................................................................... 12
5.3 Geometrical characteristics............................................................................................................... 12
5.4 Mechanical characteristics ................................................................................................................ 20
5.5 Marking of pipes ................................................................................................................................. 24
6 Fittings ................................................................................................................................................. 24
6.1 General................................................................................................................................................. 24
6.2 Bends ................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.3 Branches.............................................................................................................................................. 28
6.4 Marking of fittings............................................................................................................................... 30
7 Joint performance............................................................................................................................... 30
7.1 General................................................................................................................................................. 30
7.2 Requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 30
Annex A (normative) Test method for the determination of a pipe’s crushing strength and ring
bending tensile strength using a pipe test piece ............................................................................ 34
Annex B (normative) Test method for the determination of a pipe’s crushing strength or ring
bending tensile strength using test pieces sawn from a pipe ....................................................... 42
Annex C (normative) Test methods for the assessment of longitudinal bending moment
resistance ............................................................................................................................................ 48
Annex D (normative) Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of polyester
resin concrete (PRC) using test pieces cut from a pipe ................................................................. 54
Annex E (normative) Test method for the determination of the fatigue strength of a pipe under
cyclic loading ...................................................................................................................................... 58
Annex F (normative) Method for the assessment of the leaktightness of a pipe and its joints
under short-term exposure to internal water pressure................................................................... 63
Annex G (normative) Test method for the determination of the long-term (50 years) crushing
strength of a pipe, including the effects of media attack ............................................................... 65
`. The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees.`. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. ISO 18672 consists of the following parts.. International organizations. under the general title Plastics piping systems for non-pressure drainage and sewerage — Polyester resin concrete (PRC): ⎯ Part 1: Pipes and fittings with flexible joints iv --`. also take part in the work.. fittings and valves for the transport of fluids. Part 2.`. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives..````-`-`. Plastics pipes. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards.```. ISO 18672-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138.. Subcommittee SC 6.`--- Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). in liaison with ISO.. governmental and non-governmental. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Reinforced plastics pipes and fittings for all applications.
NOTE It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections. It applies to pipes. requirements and characteristics of pipes. materials. test methods and marking for pipes and fittings made from polyester resin concrete (PRC).. Elastomeric seals — Material requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications — Part 1: Vulcanized rubber 1) 1 bar = 0. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Plastics piping systems for non-pressure drainage and sewerage — Polyester resin concrete (PRC) — Part 1: Pipes and fittings with flexible joints 1 Scope This part of ISO 18672 specifies definitions. the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.```.. ISO 75-2.````-`-`.1 MPa = 0. rainwater and surface water at temperatures up to 50 °C.1 N/mm2 = 105 N/m2 --`.`. Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 2: Plastics and ebonite ISO 3126. The intended use of these products is for the conveyance of sewage. Plastics piping systems — Plastics components — Determination of dimensions ISO 7510. taking into account the particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings — Methods for regression analysis and their use EN 681-1. It applies to products for use in buried installations to be installed by open-trench techniques or pipe jacking. intended to be used within a drain or sewer system operating without pressure.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 1 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .. from WN/HN 300/450 to WN/HN 1400/2100 for egg-shaped cross-sections and from DN 800 to DN 1800 for kite-shaped cross-sections. Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings — Test methods for leaktightness of flexible joints ISO 10928. fittings and their joints of nominal sizes from DN 150 to DN 3000 for circular cross-sections.5 bar1). and installed in areas subjected to vehicle and/or pedestrian traffic.. fittings. joints. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.`. For dated references.`.. only the edition cited applies. The pipes are classified on the basis of the intended method of installation and cross-sectional shape. For undated references. Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) components — Determination of the amounts of constituents using the gravimetric method ISO 8639... without pressure or occasionally at a head of pressure up to 0.
where applicable.5 design service temperature maximum sustained temperature at which the system is expected to operate NOTE It is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). pipes of other materials. NOTE Angular deflection is expressed in degrees (°).```.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document. 3. NOTE Laying length of a bend is expressed in metres (m). 3.13 and 3.1.1. the following terms and definitions apply..1.1.1..`.````-`-`.1.`..1 adaptor fitting that provides for connections to structures.1. DN or WN/HN. 3. or valves 3. to connect two pipelines NOTE See 3.. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) EN 13121-1. GRP tanks and vessels for use above ground — Part 1: Raw materials — Specification conditions and acceptance conditions 3 Terms.3 --`. symbols and abbreviations 3.1. definitions. projected along the axis of that end of the bend to the point of intersection with the axis of the other end of the bend See Figure 8.4 branch fitting comprising a pipe with one additional connecting pipe of equal or smaller nominal size.1.`.2 angular deflection δ angle between the axes of two adjacent pipes See Figures 1b) and 1c). 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .6 draw D longitudinal movement of a joint See Figure 1a). 3. excluding the spigot insertion depth.. NOTE Draw is expressed in millimetres (mm). 3.. Li.7 laying length of a bend L distance from one end of the bend.14 for DN and WN/HN.. of a socket end.`--- bend fitting that provides for a change of alignment within a pipeline 3.
`. where applicable.1. the manufacturer’s recommended spigot insertion depth.1.1). 3.g.10 flexible joint joint that allows relative movement between the components being joined 3. expressed in millimetres.min short-term load that a component is required to withstand during a crushing strength test.`.1. NOTE 2 The designation. 3. --`.. see Figures 3 and 6)..8 laying length of a pipe internal barrel length L total length of a pipe..1.9 fitting component comprising an adaptor. classification and strength class NOTE 1 The minimum crushing load is determined using Equation (1) or Equation (2). WN/HN 300/450.. NOTE 2 See 3.4. DN 600.1. e. e. NOTE 2 The designation for reference or marking purposes consists of the letters DN plus a number.5 bar Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . minus.````-`-`. consists of the letters WN/HN plus two numbers. corresponding to its nominal size.1.`--- 3. for a component with a circular or kite-shaped bore NOTE 1 It is a convenient round number for reference purposes and is related to the internal diameter when expressed in millimetres.13 nominal size DN alphanumerical designation of size. it is expressed in newtons per millimetre length (N/mm).```. NOTE 2 For the purposes of this part of ISO 18672.11 minimum crushing load qcr.g. 3.12 misalignment M amount by which the centre lines of adjacent pipes fail to coincide See Figure 1d).. Ltot.1. as applicable (see 5.20 for total pipe length.15 non-pressure pipe or fitting pipe or fitting not subject to an internal pressure greater than 0. Li. in the socket NOTE 1 The laying length of a pipe is expressed in metres (m).1. 3.1. bend or branch 3.`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 3..14 nominal size WN/HN alphanumerical designation of size for a component with an egg-shaped bore NOTE 1 It is a convenient round number for reference purposes and is related to the internal width and height (wi and hi.1. for reference or marking purposes. without failure. Ltot..
NOTE It is expressed in millimetres (mm). 3. physical or chemical property at the service condition and the respective value at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity 3.`--- type tests tests carried out in order to assess the fitness for purpose of a product or assembly of components to fulfil its or their function(s) in accordance with the product specification 3. without pressure.`. rainwater or sewage.20 total pipe length Ltot distance between two planes normal to the pipe axis and passing through the extreme end points of the pipe See Figures 2 to 7.1. D.1. plus the additional longitudinal movement of joint components.1. 3. in the temperature range from 2 °C to 50 °C. for 50 years 3.19 total draw Dtot sum of the draw.min.21 --`. 3..1. 3..1. δ See Figure 1c).1.23 polyester resin concrete PRC material formed from mineral aggregates and fillers which are bound together using a polyester resin 4 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .. qcr. NOTE It is expressed in millimetres (mm).18 strength class Sc constant equal to the minimum short-term crushing load of a component.```..1.. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 3.`.1.````-`-`.16 normal service conditions conveyance of surface water.`. divided by one thousandth of either its nominal size (DN) or nominal width (WN) NOTE It is expressed in newtons per millimetre length (N/mm).22 crushing load crushing strength qcr maximum short-term load that a component is able to withstand during a crushing strength test NOTE It is expressed in newtons per millimetre length (N/mm). due to angular deflection...17 rerating factor multiplication factor that quantifies the relation between a mechanical. J.
.`..`--- a) b) c) Figure 1 (continued) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 5 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .`...````-`-`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) --`...`.```..
3.6.3. 5.1. 5. B and E e1 wall thickness at the spring-line of a pipe mm 5.4.3.1.2.2.3.2.. 5.3.1.4 da external diameter of a pipe mm 5. Figure 9 b width of a sawn test piece mm 5.3. Figure 4. 5.3.2. 5. 5.```.3.1.4.. Annexes B and E D draw mm 3.1. Figure 6.2 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this part of ISO 18672. 6.3.3. Figure 4.1.6.4. Figure 3.. 6. Annexes A.1.3. Figure 1. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) d) Key δ angular deflection D draw Dtot total draw J longitudinal movement of the joint due to angular deflection M misalignment Figure 1 — Joint movements 3.6.3.`.4. Figures 5 to 7 di internal diameter of a pipe with a circular or mm 5. shaped cross-section or wall thickness of a 5. Figure 5.`.3.1.19. 3. test piece taken from a pipe 6.2.2.2. the symbols given in Table 1 and abbreviations given in Table 2 apply.3.````-`-`.3.1. 7.6. Figure 7...1.3.3.3.3.2.2 Dmax maximum draw mm 4.1 de external diameter of a spigot mm 5. 6. 7.4 --`. Figure 9 BB nominal offset (body) length of a branch pipe mm 6. 7.3 to 5. 5.6. Figures 4 to 7. Figure 2. Figure 2.2.`--- Dtot total draw mm 3.1. mm 4. Figure 9 Bi spigot insertion depth of a branch pipe mm 6..`.19.3. Annexes A. Annex A with egg-shaped cross-section 6 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . B and E e wall thickness of a pipe with a circular or kite.1. 5. kite-shaped cross-section Figure 5.4 to 5. Figure 1. Table 1 — Symbols Symbol Description Unit Where used ab width of a bearing strip mm Annexes A and B B laying length of a branch pipe mm 6. 7. Figure 2.3.1.1.3.3. Figure 7.5.2.1.2..
1 to 5.3.2. Figure 9 fitting Li insertion depth of the spigot of a pipe or mm 3.14. 5.2. δ (see 3. 7.up calculated upper limit of cyclic load N 5.1.19. 4.2.5.2.4.3.1.1.4.2. Figures 2 to 7.8..4.3.1. C and E lf distance between the centres of the fulcrums m Annex G lp length of a test piece mm 5.2.. 3.2. Figure 3. 6. 6.7..4.4.`--- M3 calculated longitudinal bending moment kNm 5.2.5. Annex C resistance --`.3.low calculated lower limit of cyclic load N 5. main pipe of a fitting 6.1. Figure 8.1.8. B and E Pb total bending load applied kN Annex C Pcalc calculated minimum test load N Annexes A and B Pcalc.3.2) L laying length of a pipe or a bend or laying mm 3.2.1.1. Figures 2 to 7. length of the main pipe of a branch fitting Figures 2 to 7.2. 6. Figure 9.4.4 angular deflection.3.5. 5.`. Figure 9 Ltot total length of a pipe mm 3.4 LB nominal body length of the main pipe of a mm 6.1. 3.1.2. Figure 3 cross-section fcorr correction factor for stress distribution — Annexes B and E flow factor for lower load — Annex E fup factor for upper load — Annex E hi internal height of a pipe with egg-shaped mm 3.4. Figure 3. 5.6. 5.3.2. 6.12. Figure 8. 7. egg-shaped cross-section. Figure 1.1. Annex E Pcalc.4. 3.7.3. 5.1 to 5. Annex C resisted by the pipe when tested using three- point loading method M4 calculated longitudinal bending moment kNm 5.4. Figure 1 MBMR minimum longitudinal bending moment kNm 5.3.7.3.1 to 5.2.```.2.1.4.2.`.````-`-`..`.2.1. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Table 1 (continued) Symbol Description Unit Where used e2 wall thickness at top of pipe of a pipe with mm 5.2. B and E ls support span m Annex C M misalignment mm 3.3. 5..5. 5.1. Annexes A. Figure 6.6 la lever arm length m Annexes C and G lb distance between the centres of the bearers mm Annexes B.4.6.8..6. Annex E © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 7 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .3. Annexes A and B e3 pedestal height of a pipe with egg-shaped mm 5. 5.3.3. Figure 6 cross-section J longitudinal movement within a joint due to mm 3. Figure 8.20.2 test nominal size P test load applied by loading frame N Annexes A.3.1.4.1. 5.. Annex C resisted by the pipe when tested using four- point loading method Nd specified shear load for joint misalignment N/mm of 7.
6.5.2.1.5.````-`-`.1. 6. length and width of a cube sawn from mm 5.1.`.6.2. Annexes A and B tsq tolerance on diametrical squareness mm/m 5.1. Figure 3 shaped bore αn fitting angle degrees 6.3.1. Figure 8. 6..1.2.4 Sc strength class N/mm 3. Figures 2 to 7 Tcube height. Figure 8. bore Annexes A and B wp width of the pedestal of a pipe with an egg. 6. 6..3.2.3 ∆str deviation from straightness mm/m 5.3.2.```.4.3.1.4.19.min minimum ring bending tensile stress N/mm2 Annexes B and E σup upper limit of bending tensile stress N/mm2 Annex E a 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa. 3..1..1. Figure 1.4.2. 3. 5. Annex D a pipe wall W* load due to own weight of the compression N Annexes A and B beam Wp load due to own weight of a test piece N Annex A Wpipe load due to own weight of a pipe N/mm of length Annex B wi internal width of a pipe with an egg-shaped mm 3. Annexes A and B calculated from the load applied to the test piece at the moment of failure (collapse) qcr. Figures 2 to 7 σc calculated compressive strength N/mm2 a 5.2.`.1. 4. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Table 1 (continued) Symbol Description Unit Where used Pcr load applied by loading frame at failure N Annex A Peff..1 to 5. Annexes A and B r radius of curvature mm 6.5.3. Figure 9.`.3 σfat calculated fatigue strength N/mm2 Annex E σlow lower limit of bending tensile stress N/mm2 Annex E σrb calculated ring bending tensile stress or N/mm2 Annexes A and B --`.22.11.3.4 δ angular deflection of a joint degrees 3.E effective test load applied to a test piece with N Annex A an egg-shaped cross-section Pmin minimum load to be applied by loading frame N Annexes A and B qcr crushing load (or crushing strength) of a pipe N/mm 3.18.14.4.18.1. 5. 6. 5.3. 5. 5.CK effective test load applied to a test piece with N Annex A a circular or kite-shaped cross-section Peff.1. 3.1..1.1. mm 5.11.3.. 6. 8 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .1 to 5.2.min minimum crushing load N/mm 3. 5.3. Figure 3. 7.`--- strength σrb.4. Figure 6.4.
23). 3. Annexes A to C. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Table 2 — Abbreviations Symbol Meaning Where used BMR longitudinal bending moment resistance 5..1.14.4. 4.1.2 to 5. The size of particles in aggregates and fillers shall not exceed one third of the smallest wall thickness. Annexes A and B bore OK classification for open-trench construction with kite-shaped 5.18. 4.5.13.1. 3. 6. HN nominal internal height of a pipe with egg-shaped cross.2 to 5. 5.. Annexes A and B bore WN nominal internal width of a pipe with egg-shaped cross.1.4.1 section to 6.1 to 6. 3. when tested in accordance with Method A of ISO 75-2 with the test specimen in the edgewise position. 4.1 Materials 4.1. 5. if applicable.2 to 5.1.3.23.2 to 5.3 Aggregates and fillers Aggregates and fillers shall not contain constituents in such quantities as may be detrimental to the curing. 3.1.2 to 5. Annexes A and B bore PRC polyester resin concrete 1.2 Resin The resin used in the pipe or fitting shall have a temperature of deflection of at least 70 °C.4.4. 3.1 and 6.`.1 General The pipe or fitting shall be constructed using aggregates. 3. e. leaktightness or durability of the polyester resin concrete (PRC) (see 3.2 to 5.1.5.2.11.4.2 to 5. 5. 3. 3. 3.5 and 6.5.. or separately.18.5.1.2 to 5. Annexes A and B 4 General requirements 4. 4.1. 4.3.```.4 Elastomers Each elastomeric material of the sealing component shall conform to EN 681-1.1.4.4.4.4.4.1.1. Annexes A and B TE classification for trenchless construction with egg-shaped 5. strength.2. 6.6. Annexes A to E TC classification for trenchless construction with circular bore 5.1.1.1.5. additives necessary to impart specific properties to the resin.11. polyester resin (with or without fillers) and.1.5 and 6. of the pipe or fitting..1.4. 4.2 to 5. 5. 6.14.5.1.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 9 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .5.1.4. 6.2 to 5. --`. 7. 3. 3... The sealing component shall be supplied by the pipe or fitting manufacturer either attached to the pipe or fitting. 6. It shall also conform to the applicable requirements of EN 13121-1. 6.4.1..5.````-`-`.`. Annexes A and B bore OE classification for open-trench construction with egg-shaped 5. Annex C DN nominal size 1. 7.`. Annex A section OC classification for open-trench construction with circular 5. Annexes A and B bore TK classification for trenchless construction with kite-shaped 5.2.
5) to establish rerating factors (see 3.6 Minimum resin content When tested in accordance with ISO 7510 the content of resin in the polyester resin concrete (PRC) shall be not less than 7 % mass fraction of the sample.. 4. physical and chemical properties specified in this part of ISO 18672 shall be determined using circumferential and/or longitudinal loading conditions. The ends of a component shall be square to its longitudinal axis within the tolerances specified in Clause 5. 4.4 Joints 4. 4..3.. and then removed from the solution and visually examined for evidence of corrosion. physical and chemical properties specified in this part of ISO 18672 shall be determined at (23 ± 5) °C.. Routine measurements shall be determined at the prevailing temperature or if the manufacturer prefers.. Measurements shall be made either in accordance with ISO 3126 or using any method of sufficient accuracy to determine conformity or otherwise to the applicable limits.3.3 Reference conditions for testing 4. in documents at the time of the enquiry or delivery.. Tables 4 to 9.2 Properties of water for testing The water used for the tests referred to in this part of ISO 18672 shall be tap water having a pH of (7 ± 2).1.4. and the materials used.1.4 Measurement of dimensions The dimensions of the polyester resin concrete (PRC) components and the joints shall be determined at (23 ± 5) °C. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 4.2 Appearance Both internal and external surfaces shall be free of irregularities which would impair the ability of the component to conform to the requirements of this part of ISO 18672.`. the maximum dimensions of the assembled joint. as applicable. 4.3. 30 g/l.`. for egg-shaped components.```. 4.17) for all long-term properties to be used in design.1. type tests shall be carried out at least at the purchaser’s declared design service temperature (see 3.1 Temperature The mechanical.3 Loading conditions The mechanical. at (23 ± 5) °C.1. as applicable.1 General The manufacturer shall declare the length and the maximum external diameter or.3. The edges of the pipe faces shall be free of cracks or burrs and the joint surfaces shall be free of irregularities that would preclude the formation of a --`. there shall be no evidence of corrosion of the components after the metallic item has been immersed for seven days at (23 ± 2) °C in an aqueous sodium chloride solution. 4. 10 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .. 4.5 Metals When exposed metal components are used.`.````-`-`.`--- leaktight seal. For service temperatures over 35 °C and up to and including 50 °C.
1. i.`.1 General Pipes shall be classified (see Tables 2 and 3) according to a) the intended method of installation.2.```. whether circular. A sealing ring shall not have any detrimental effect on the properties of the components with which it is used and shall not cause the test assembly to fail the functional requirements of Clause 7. © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 11 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .e. which includes temperature effects. Pipes intended to be installed using trenchless techniques.. Dmax (see Figure 1).1.2 Method of installation --`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 4.4. such as jacking.. in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery. whether open-trench construction or trenchless construction. Pipes having a bore shape that is egg-shaped shall be classified by the use of the letter “E” in their designation..````-`-`.4. 5. the adhesives to be used shall be specified by the manufacturer of the joint in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery. of the longest pipe with which it is intended to be used. i.`.4. shall not be less than 0. in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery.e. 4..4 Adhesives When the components of a joint are to be connected using adhesives. for which each joint is designed. egg-shaped or kite-shaped.1. The joint manufacturer shall ensure that the adhesives do not have any detrimental effects on the components with which they are used and they shall not cause the test assembly to fail the functional requirements of Clause 7. 5.3 Joint seals Elastomeric joint seals shall be made from material conforming to EN 681-1.2 Maximum draw The manufacturer shall declare the maximum draw.. 4.`--- Pipes intended to be installed using open-trench techniques shall be classified as such by the use of the letter “O” in their designation. L.`. For flexible joints. 4. They shall be supplied by the pipe manufacturer and shall either be integrated into the unit or supplied separately.2 % of the laying length. δ..2 Flexibility of the jointing system 4..2.1 Maximum angular deflection The manufacturer shall declare the maximum value of the angular deflection. and b) the bore shape. the maximum draw.1 Classification 5. for which each joint is designed. shall be classified as such by the use of the letter “T” in their designation.4.3 Bore shape Pipes having a bore shape that is circular shall be classified by the use of the letter “C” in their designation. 5 Pipes 5.4.
2 and 5.`.1 Polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipes with circular bore for installation in open trenches — PRC-OC When measured in accordance with 4.1. the designation with respect to the classification (see Table 3). 12 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . EXAMPLE The designation of a pipe with a kite-shaped bore.```.3..````-`-`.3 Geometrical characteristics 5.. shall be as follows: ISO 18672-1 PRC-OK DN 800 Sc = 120 N/mm --`.2 Designation A pipe made in accordance with this part of ISO 18672 shall be designated by adding the appropriate letters from 5. and classification.3. 5. a nominal size DN 800 and a strength class Sc = 120 N/mm. DN or WN/HN. The dimensions e. This procedure produces the designations with respect to the pipe’s classification shown in Table 3. da. the dimensions di.. as applicable. The strength class shall be taken from Table 10.1. Sc...`. which indicate that it is manufactured from polyester resin concrete.3 to the letters PRC. relative to the pipe’s nominal size. Table 3 — Designation of polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipes with respect to the classification Bore shape Designation Open-trench construction Trenchless construction.4.3.`.. to be installed using open-trench construction. Table 11 or Table 12.. the nominal size and the strength class. L.`--- 5.7. Li. ∆str and tsq (see Figure 2) shall conform to the applicable values and tolerances according to Table 4 and 5. Ltot and their tolerances shall be specified by the manufacturer in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery. such as pipe jacking O T Circular C PRC-OC PRC-TC Egg-shaped E PRC-OE PRC-TE Kite-shaped K PRC-OK PRC-TK The complete designation of a pipe consists of the number of this part of ISO 18672. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Pipes having a bore shape that is kite-shaped shall be classified by the use of the letter “K” in their designation.
```.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 13 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .max tsq. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Key ∆str deviation from straightness L laying length da external diameter Li insertion depth of spigot di internal diameter Ltot total length e pipe wall thickness tsq tolerance on diametrical squareness Figure 2 — Specified dimensions for pipes designated PRC-OC Table 4 — Dimensional requirements for pipes designated PRC-OC Nominal size Internal diameter Maximum deviation Maximum tolerance on DN a from straightness diametrical squareness di tolerance ∆str.max mm mm mm/m mm/m 150 150 200 200 ±3 5 3 250 250 300 300 400 400 ±4 6 4 500 500 ±5 600 600 700 700 800 800 ±6 7 5 900 900 1000 1 000 1200 1 200 1400 1 400 ± 10 6 1500 1 500 1600 1 600 1800 1 800 2000 2 000 8 2200 2 200 2400 2 400 ± 12 7 2600 2 600 2800 2 800 3000 3 000 a Applicable dimensions shall be interpolated between the nearest values in this table for other nominal sizes....`.`....````-`-`.. --`.`.
.```. The dimensions e1. Key ∆str deviation from straightness Li insertion depth of a spigot e1 wall thickness at springline Ltot total length e2 wall thickness at top tsq tolerance on diametrical squareness e3 height of pedestal wi internal width hi internal height wp width of pedestal L laying length Figure 3 — Specified dimensions for pipes designated PRC-OE --`.3.. hi.. e2.. Ltot and their tolerances shall be specified by the manufacturer in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery. L. e3. ∆str and tsq (see Figure 3) shall conform to the applicable values and tolerances according to Table 5 and 5. Li.`..````-`-`..`--- 14 Organization for Standardization Copyright International © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 5.`. the dimensions wi..3.3.2 Polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipes with egg-shaped bore for installation in open trenches — PRC-OE When measured in accordance with 4. wp.`.7.4.
The dimensions e. da..min ∆str. Ltot and their tolerances shall be specified by the manufacturer in documents at the time of the enquiry or delivery. the dimensions di..```. ∆str and tsq (see Figure 4) shall conform to the applicable values and tolerances according to Table 6 and 5.`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Table 5 — Dimensional requirements for pipes designated PRC-OE Nominal size Internal dimensions Minimum Maximum Maximum pedestal deviation from tolerance on WN/HN a width straightness diametrical squareness wi hi tolerance wp.max mm mm mm mm mm/m mm/m 300/450 300 450 ±3 180 5 3 400/600 400 600 ±4 240 6 4 500/750 500 750 300 550/1000 550 1 000 ±5 330 5 600/900 600 900 360 700/1050 700 1 050 420 700/1200 700 1 200 420 7 800/1200 800 1 200 ±6 480 850/1400 850 1 400 510 6 900/1350 900 1 350 540 1000/1500 1 000 1 500 600 1200/1800 1 200 1 800 ± 10 720 8 1400/2100 1 400 2 100 840 a Applicable dimensions shall be interpolated between the nearest values in this table for other nominal sizes.. 5.3 Polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipes with kite-shaped cross-section for installation in open trenches — PRC-OK When measured in accordance with 4. L. Li.4.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 15 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .. Key ∆str deviation from straightness L laying length da external diameter Li insertion depth of a spigot di internal diameter at springline Ltot total length e wall thickness at springline tsq tolerance on diametrical squareness Figure 4 — Specified dimensions for pipes designated PRC-OK --`.3.7.max tsq.`.3.3.````-`-`...`..
.. The dimensions e.3. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Table 6 — Dimensional requirements for pipes designated PRC-OK Nominal Internal diameter Maximum Maximum tolerance size deviation from on diametrical straightness squareness DN a di tolerance ∆str. di..`--- Figure 5 — Specified dimensions for pipes designated PRC-TC 16 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .4 Polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipes with circular cross-section for installation using trenchless techniques — PRC-TC When measured in accordance with 4. de. Key ∆str deviation from straightness L laying length da external diameter Li insertion depth of a spigot de external diameter of a spigot Ltot total length di internal diameter at springline tsq tolerance on diametrical squareness e wall thickness at springline --`.3.```.3. L..`.7.`.````-`-`.max tsq.4. the dimensions da.max mm mm mm/m mm/m 800 800 900 900 ±6 7 5 1000 1 000 1200 1 200 1400 1 400 ± 10 8 6 1600 1 600 1800 1 800 a Applicable dimensions shall be interpolated between the nearest values in this table for other nominal sizes. Ltot and their tolerances shall be specified by the manufacturer in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery. Li. ∆str and tsq (see Figure 5) shall conform to the applicable values and tolerances according to Table 7 and 5... 5..`.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization --`.max tsq. The dimensions de.0 600 760 700 860 800 960 ±6 900 1 100 1000 1 185 1200 1 485 1400 1 720 1500 1 820 ±7 10 1600 1 940 1800 2 160 2000 2 400 1...max mm mm mm/m mm/m 150 210 200 275 250 360 ±5 300 400 400 550 500 660 5 1. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Table 7 — Dimensional requirements for pipes designated PRC-TC Nominal External diameter Maximum deviation Maximum tolerance on size from straightness diametrical squareness DN a da tolerance ∆str. L.`. ∆str and tsq (see Figure 6) shall conform to the applicable values and tolerances according to Table 8 and 5. Li. e2.3.`--- 17 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . hi. 5.. Ltot and wi and their tolerances shall be specified by the manufacturer in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery..5 Polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipes with egg-shaped internal cross-section and circular external cross-section for installation using trenchless techniques — PRC-TE When measured in accordance with 4.`..```.. the dimensions da. e1.7.````-`-`.`..3.4.5 2200 2 630 2400 2 870 ±8 15 2500 2 985 2600 3 100 a Applicable dimensions shall be interpolated between the nearest values in this table for other nominal sizes.3.
ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Key ∆str deviation from straightness L laying length da external diameter Li insertion depth of a spigot de external diameter of a spigot Ltot total length e1 wall thickness at springline tsq tolerance on diametrical squareness e2 wall thickness at top of pipe wi internal width at springline hi internal height Figure 6 — Specified dimensions for pipes designated PRC-TE --`.. 18 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .max mm mm mm/m mm/m 300/450 660 ±5 400/600 760 500/750 960 5 1....```.max tsq.0 ±6 600/900 1 100 550/1000 1 185 700/1050 1 310 700/1200 1 485 800/1200 1 485 850/1400 1 720 ±7 900/1350 1 720 10 1..`--- Table 8 — Dimensional requirements for pipes designated PRC-TE Nominal External diameter Maximum Maximum tolerance on width/height deviation from diametrical squareness straightness WN/HN a da tolerance ∆str.`.`..````-`-`.`..5 1000/1500 1 820 1200/1800 2 160 1400/2100 2 520 ±8 a Applicable dimension shall be interpolated between the nearest values in this table for other nominal sizes.
`....```. ∆str and tsq (see Figure 7) shall conform to the applicable values and tolerances according to Table 9 and 5.7. Li.3.max mm mm mm/m mm/m 800 960 900 1 100 ±6 5 1. di.````-`-`.5 1600 1 940 1800 2 160 a Applicable dimensions shall be interpolated between the nearest values in this table for other nominal sizes. the dimensions da.. de. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 5. The dimensions e.`.. --`. © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 19 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . L.0 1000 1 185 1200 1 485 1400 1 720 1500 1 820 ±7 10 1.3. Ltot and their tolerances shall be specified by the manufacturer in documents at the time of the enquiry or delivery..`--- Key ∆str deviation from straightness L laying length da external diameter Li insertion depth of a spigot de external diameter of a spigot Ltot total length di internal diameter at springline tsq tolerance on diametrical squareness e wall thickness at springline Figure 7 — Specified dimensions for pipes designated PRC-TK Table 9 — Dimensional requirements for pipes designated PRC-TK Nominal External diameter Maximum Maximum tolerance size deviation from on diametrical straightness squareness DN a da tolerance ∆str.max tsq.`..6 Polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipes with kite-shaped internal cross-section and circular external cross-section for installation using trenchless techniques — PRC-TK When measured in accordance with 4.3.4.
````-`-`.`--- 20 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .`.7.1 Pipes designated PRC-OC.. The minimum crushing load. as applicable: q cr. corresponding to its nominal size.1 Crushing strength 5.```. 5.min. NOTE Laying lengths other than these can be supplied by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Table 11 or Table 12.. shall be one of the following values: ⎯ for DN u 250: 2 m ± 10 mm.3. ⎯ for WN: 2 m ± 10 mm. qcr.min = S c × ⎡⎣DN⎤⎦ × 0.. PRC-OE and PRC-OK The laying length.1..001 (1) q cr.`. Sc.. 5.. as applicable.4. as given in Table 10.4 Mechanical characteristics 5.min = S c × ⎡⎣ WN⎤⎦ × 0.4.min.7 Laying lengths (internal barrel lengths) 5. NOTE Laying lengths other than these can be supplied by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser using the same tolerance.001 (2) It is expressed in newtons per millimetre length (N/mm). L (see 3. classification and strength class. using the same tolerance.3.3. ⎯ for DN or WN > 400 and DN or WN u 1000: 2 m ± 10 mm.8). ⎯ for DN or WN > 1000: 3 m ± 10 mm.2 Pipes designated PRC-TC.`. ⎯ for DN > 250: 2 m ± 10 mm or 3 m ± 10 mm. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 5.1 Requirements A pipe shall withstand the applicable minimum crushing load. qcr.7.. Table 10 — Minimum strength classes for pipes designated PRC-OC or PRC-TC Nominal size Strength class Sc DN N/mm PRC-OC PRC-TC 150 u DN u 500 140 160 600 u DN u 1000 120 140 1200 u DN u 3000 90 120 --`.1. PRC-TE and PRC-TK The laying length shall be one of the following values: ⎯ for DN or WN u 400: 1 m ± 10 mm or 2 m ± 10 mm. is determined using Equation (1) or Equation (2).
`. about three times the wall thickness. or.2 Test pieces When testing in accordance with Annex A.```. shall be about five times the wall thickness and its width.`. --`.. in the longitudinal direction.. 5.2 × DN (or WN) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 21 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . in accordance with Annex B using test pieces sawn from a pipe..`--- When testing in accordance with Annex B. with or without a socket. When testing pipes with kite-shaped or egg-shaped cross-section the test piece shall be taken from the top of the pipe. Table 13 — Minimum length of a test piece Nominal size Nominal size Minimum length lp DN WN/HN mm DN < 300 WN/HN < 300/450 DN (or WN) 300 u DN u 1500 300/450 u WN/HN u 1000/1500 300 DN > 1500 WN/HN > 1000/1500 0..`. The test piece shall have parallel boundary surfaces. b. the test piece shall be a length of pipe. the test piece shall be a piece sawn from a pipe or a broken piece of a pipe.1. in the circumferential direction. with a laying length of at least the applicable value from Table 13. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Table 11 — Minimum strength classes for pipes designated PRC-OE or PRC-TE Nominal width/height Strength class Sc WN/HN N/mm PRC-OE PRC-TE 300/450 u WN/HN u 600/900 140 160 700/1050 u WN/HN u 1000/1500 120 140 1200/1800 u WN/HN u 1400/2100 90 120 Table 12 — Minimum strength classes for pipes designated PRC-OK or PRC-TK Nominal size Strength class Sc DN N/mm PRC-OK PRC-TK 800 u DN u 1000 120 140 1200 u DN u 1800 90 120 The pipe shall be tested in accordance with Annex A. if suitable apparatus is not available.. The longitudinal sides of the test piece shall be perpendicular to the generated surface of the pipe.. Three test pieces shall be taken from a pipe and the average of the results from the three tests is the test result.. lp.4.````-`-`. The length.
the appropriate value for MBMR shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. PRC-TE or PRC-TK pipes shall be tested in accordance with Annex D. L.9 10.2 Test pieces The test piece shall be a whole pipe. with or without a socket. the test pieces complying with 5.4. as applicable.2 Longitudinal bending moment resistance 5.. with a laying length.2 250 8. shall be used. 5. For pipes designated PRC-OC or PRC-TC.0 200 5. MBMR Nominal size Minimum longitudinal bending moment resistance MBMR DN kNm PRC-OC PRC-TC 150 2. σc. of not less than 80 N/mm2 2). Table 14 — Minimum longitudinal bending moment resistance. having a nominal size of up to and including DN 400 and standard laying lengths as given in 5. 5. the applicable minimum longitudinal bending moment resistance (BMR) is specified in Table 14.3.`.8 300 9.````-`-`.4.7 3..6 12.4. shall be recorded..3.4. of the same size. whichever is the greater.4.`.2 shall have a compressive strength. 2) 1 N/mm2 = 106 N/m2 = 1 MPa 22 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .1 Requirements The polyester resin concrete (PRC) used to manufacture PRC-TC.3. The test is continued until the test piece fails.7 and also greater than --`. of at least 1 250 mm or six times its internal diameter.. based upon suitable calculation models. classification and strength class.```.`. If a whole pipe is shorter than six times its internal diameter then this test does not need to be performed..3.3 Compressive strength of polyester resin concrete 5.7.5 400 11. When tested.6 For pipes with non-standard laying lengths which are greater than those given in 5.2..7 6.4.1 Requirements Pipes with an external circular shape having laying lengths greater than six times their (vertical) internal diameter shall withstand the required longitudinal bending moment when tested with one of the methods described in Annex C. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 5. Three test pieces. M3 or M4.2. The average of the results from the three tests is the test result.3 8..`--- six times their (vertical) internal diameter. whereupon the maximum load and the calculated bending moment.
when exposed to acid or alkali solution.low and Pcalc. The procedure described in Annex G may be used to take into account the influence of any particular solution on the long-term crushing strength of a pipe.4.4 Fatigue strength under pulsating stress 5.```.. Three test pieces shall be used.4. When tested in accordance with Annex F.6 Long-term crushing strength under media attack 5.4.5.2 shall withstand an internal pressure of 1 bar for 15 min without any signs of leaks.4. all test pieces shall withstand at least 2 × 106 cycles..````-`-`.`. length and width equal to Tcube (see Figure D. is determined.. in the circumferential direction.. is approximately five times the wall thickness and whose width.5.4. In such cases. an extrapolated long-term crushing strength of a pipe (after 50 years under load). The average of the results from the three tests is the test result.4. as described in Annex G. Three test pieces taken from the same pipe shall be used. in the longitudinal direction. The test piece is cut to produce a rectangular shape whose length. damp patches or droplets. without failure. without failure. expressed as a percentage of initial strength.up at a frequency not greater than 12 Hz..2 Test pieces A test piece either consists of a complete pipe and its joint or two pieces of pipe and a joint.5 Leaktightness 5. for 50 years.4.`. 5. This extrapolated value gives the load that pipes are capable of being subjected to.4. the acceptable percentage value of strength reduction shall be agreed between the manufacturer of the polyester resin concrete (PRC) units and the purchaser. 5. One test piece shall be used.5.1 Requirements Pipes and their joints for applications covered by this part of ISO 18672 are required to be leaktight against internal and external pressure between 0 bar and 0. When tested in accordance with Annex G. test pieces conforming to 5.1). This value shall not be less than 50 % of the initial strength.4. 5. The manufacturer shall declare the result from this long-term type test in documents at the time of the enquiry or delivery. 5.`.1 Requirements This test is used to determine the percentage reduction in strength over 50 years. --`.4. having height.6. with the load cycling between Pcalc. is approximately three times the wall thickness.4.3.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 23 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . 5..2 Test pieces The test piece shall be sawn from a pipe. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 5.5 bar.4.1 Requirements When tested in accordance with Annex E..2 Test pieces The test piece shall be a cube of polyester resin concrete (PRC) sawn from a pipe.
f) the manufacturer’s name or identification.2 and Table 3 in respect of the following: a) the intended method of installation. i.. PRC-OK.1 General 6.e.````-`-`. whether circular (C). Sc. with its ends cut plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.6. 6 Fittings 6. L. DN or WN/HN. b) the cross-sectional shape.```.e... EXAMPLE The designation of a bend with a circular bore shape. The following marking shall be on the outside of each pipe of DN 500 or less and. Sc. i.. the colouring of the printed information shall differ from the basic colouring of the product and such that the markings shall be readable without magnification.1 Designation of bends and branches Bends and branches shall be designated according to 5. if applicable. e) the laying length. open-trench construction (O). g) the date or code of manufacture. b) the designation with respect to the classification. i.1. ISO 18672-1. d) the strength class. For a test series.5 Marking of pipes Marking details shall be printed or formed directly on the pipe in such a way that the marking does not initiate cracks or other types of failure. in the case of pipes of DN 600 or greater.`..`. a nominal size DN 600 and a strength class Sc = 120 N/mm shall be as follows: ISO 18672-1 PRC-OC DN 600 Sc = 120 N/mm --`. d) the strength class. PRC-TE or PRC-TK. c) the nominal size. PRC-TC. egg-shaped (E) or kite-shaped (K).`--- 24 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .e.2 Test pieces A test piece consists of a pipe section having a minimum length conforming to the applicable requirements given in Table 13. PRC-OC. h) quality mark. c) the nominal size.e.`. i.4. If printing is used.. 5. shall be either on the inside or on the outside surface: a) the number of this part of ISO 18672. PRC-OE. DN or WN/HN. at least 18 test pieces shall be used. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 5..
60° or 90°..2. 6. E or K) of the fitting shall be that of the straight length of pipe to which it is to be joined in the piping system and shall be one of the shapes specified in 5.5 × [WN].5.. DN or WN/HN.````-`-`.3. da.1.1 General The dimensions measured in accordance with 4.2.4 shall conform to the applicable values and tolerances according to 6. DN or WN..3 Nominal fitting angle In the interests of rationalization. DN or WN/HN. Table 11 or Table 12.. which indicates the angular change in direction --`.3 Cross-sectional shape The cross-sectional shape (C.`. 6. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 6.`. of the pipe. in millimetres.. 15°.4 Radius of curvature Bends made by fabrication from straight pipe (see Figure 8) shall not provide more than 30° angular change for each segment of the bend. of the fitting shall be that of the straight length of pipe to which it is to be joined in the piping system and shall be one of the nominal sizes given in 5.2 Bends 6. It shall be taken from Table 10. Li.2 Diameter The tolerance on the diameter of the bend at the spigot positions shall conform to the applicable requirements in 5.1.1. © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 25 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . The deviation of the actual change in direction of a bend from the designated fitting angle shall not exceed 1° of the specified angle.2.2. as applicable.1. of the fitting shall be that of the straight length of pipe to which it is to be joined in the piping system. αn. The radius of curvature. 6. and designation with respect to the classification (see Table 3).```. Sc. relative to the pipe’s nominal size. 6.2. r. shall not be less than the nominal size.. NOTE Radii of curvature other than those described can be supplied by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 30°.`--- of the axis of the bend (see Figure 8) shall be one of the following preferred values. 45°..1.1 Geometrical characteristics 6.2.`.2 Method of installation The method of installation for bends and branches in accordance with this part of ISO 18672 is open- trench (O). in millimetres.1. 6.3. and their tolerances.5 × [DN] or r = 1. The dimensions.4 Nominal size DN or WN/HN The nominal size.1.2 to 6. NOTE Fitting angles other than these can be supplied by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. e.1.1. The base of each segment shall have sufficient length adjacent to each joint to ensure that external wrapping or joining materials can be accommodated.3.3.1. the nominal fitting angle. 6. shall be specified by the manufacturer in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery. 6.5 Strength class The strength class. The specified dimensions of the bends in this part of ISO 18672 are based on a radius of curvature of r = 1.1.2.
6. 26 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .2.5 Lengths 6.`. LB..5.5. excluding the spigot insertion depth of a socket end where applicable. For an end of a bend containing a spigot. the radius of curvature and the length of any linear extensions provided for jointing or other purposes..1. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) --`.. projected along the axis of that end of the bend to the point of intersection with the axis of the other end of the bend (see Figure 8).. the laying length. is the body length.`. L.1 General Lengths of individual bends are dependent upon the designated fitting angle. plus the insertion depth of the joint. The permitted deviations on the declared or specified dimensions for laying length shall be ± 15 mm times the number of mitres of the bend.2.```. of the bend shall be the distance from one end of the bend.`--- Key αn fitting angle Li insertion depth of spigot L laying length r radius of curvature LB body length Figure 8 — Typical fabricated bend 6.1.`. Li (see Figure 8)..2.. L.````-`-`.1..2 Laying length The laying length.
`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 27 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . Nominal body lengths shall be taken from Table 15.`. --`.. Li. When carrying out such tests. LB. for bends Nominal fitting angle αn 90° 60° 45° u 30° DN Nominal body length a LB mm 150 230 135 95 65 200 440 390 390 380 250 710 400 380 380 300 690 380 380 380 400 720 630 255 380 500 1 000 630 610 380 600 1 000 610 590 380 700 1 030 620 590 380 800 1 590 620 590 380 900 1 590 880 600 380 1000 1 610 880 600 380 a The nominal body length. if appropriate. shall be the distance from the point of intersection of the two axes of the bend to a point on either axis. classification and strength class when installed in a piping system and... supported by anchor blocks or encasements.5. L.2 Mechanical characteristics Bends shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with relevant design practices to have a mechanical performance equal to or greater than that of a straight polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipe of the same nominal size... NOTE Dimensions other than those given in Table 15 can be used by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.1.2.```.````-`-`. 6.`. the bend and its joints shall be capable of withstanding that test following installation in the works. LB. The values in Table 15 are minimum lengths that are controlled by the geometry of the fittings and may need to be increased to provide sufficient length for over-wraps at the mitres and joints.3 Body length The body length of the bend. equal to the laying length..2. minus an insertion depth.2. Table 15 — Nominal body length. LB. care should be taken to ensure that bends are fully restrained to prevent movement. The manufacturer of the bend shall document the fitting design and manufacturing procedure.`.3 Leaktightness of installed bends Where a specific site installation test is declared by the purchaser or agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. equals the minimum body length. 6. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 6..
1. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 6..3. NOTE Fitting angles other than these can be supplied by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.3.1..1.2 Diameter The tolerance on the diameter of the main pipe or branch at the spigot positions shall conform to the applicable requirements in 5. be one of the preferred values.`.1 General The dimensions measured in accordance with 4. da and Li and their tolerances shall be specified by the manufacturer in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery. shall.3 Nominal fitting angle The nominal fitting angle..3.3.`--- a) Equal tee branch b) Oblique branch Key αn fitting angle Bi insertion depth of the spigot of branch pipe 1 main pipe L laying length of main pipe 2 branch pipe LB nominal body length of main pipe B laying length of branch pipe Li insertion depth of main pipe spigot BB nominal offset body length of branch pipe Figure 9 — Typical branches 28 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .4 shall conform to the applicable values and tolerances according to 6.```.1. 6.3 Branches 6.1. either 45° or 90°. The dimensions e... The deviation of the actual change in direction of a branch from the designated fitting angle shall not exceed 1° of the specified angle.. 6. in the interests of rationalization.4.3.3. αn (see Figure 9).. --`.2 to 6.`.3.````-`-`.1 Geometrical characteristics 6.3.`.
the branch and its joints shall be capable of withstanding that test following installation in the works.`. BB (see Figure 9). 6. L and B. Bi.1. the spigot insertion depth of a socket end..4. LB. is the body length.`. c) 1 500 mm for DN or WN > 600 and DN or WN u 1000.3.3.1. of the fitting shall be ± 25 mm or ± 1 % of the applicable laying length. LB. For equal tees.4.4 Offset length The nominal offset length.2 Laying length For a main pipe of a branch fitting.1.3 Body length The nominal body length..4. where applicable. --`. Li. The manufacturer of the branch shall document the fitting design and manufacturing procedure. The laying length of the branch pipe..4 Length 6. plus two spigot insertion depths of the joint.1..3. B. whichever is the larger. NOTE Dimensions other than those specified can be used by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.3..`.5 Tolerances on length The permissible deviations on the manufacturer’s declared laying lengths.3. 6. B (see Figure 9). LB (see Figure 9). ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 6.3 Leaktightness of installed branches Where a specific site installation test is requested by the purchaser or is agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.1.`--- © ISO for Copyright International Organization 2009 – All rights reserved Standardization 29 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .````-`-`. B. if appropriate.3. classification and strength class when installed in a piping system. minus a spigot insertion depth. L.4. 6.. The laying length.```.3. the laying length. Li (see Figure 9).1.2 Mechanical characteristics Branches shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with relevant design practices to have a mechanical performance equal to or greater than that of a straight polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipe of the same nominal size. to the point of intersection of the straight-through axis of the main pipe of the fitting with the extended axis of the branch pipe. 6. of the branch pipe of equal tee branch fittings shall be 50 % of the main pipe body length. shall be as follows: a) 500 mm for DN or WN u 200. of the main pipe of a branch fitting is equal to the laying length. and..1 General Only tee branches are covered by dimensional requirements in this part of ISO 18672.4. supported by anchor blocks or encasements.3. LB. 6. is the distance from the end of the branch pipe excluding. the minimum nominal body length. L. 6. b) 1 000 mm for DN or WN > 200 and DN or WN u 600. of the branch pipe of a branch fitting is equal to the laying length. minus two spigot insertion depths.
When carrying out such tests, care should be taken to ensure that branches are fully restrained to prevent
6.4 Marking of fittings
Marking details shall be printed or formed directly on the fitting in such a way that the marking does not initiate
cracks or other types of failure. If printing is used, the colouring of the printed information shall differ from the
basic colouring of the product and such that the markings shall be readable without magnification.
The following marking shall be on the outside of each fitting:
a) the number of this part of ISO 18672, i.e. ISO 18672-1;
b) the designation with respect to the classification, i.e. PRC-OC, PRC-OE or PRC-OK;
c) the nominal size, DN or WN/HN;
d) the strength class, Sc;
e) the laying length(s);
f) the fitting angle, αn;
g) the radius of curvature, r, if applicable;
h) the manufacturer’s name or identification;
i) the date or code of manufacture;
j) quality mark, if applicable.
NOTE Interchangeability between products from different suppliers can only be achieved with appropriate regard to
the pipe and joint dimensions.
Materials used in joint assemblies shall be in accordance with the pipe and fitting manufacturer’s declared
All dimensions of the tested joints that may influence the performance of the joint shall be recorded.
A joint made between pipes conforming to Clause 5 and/or fittings conforming to Clause 6 shall be designed
so that its leaktightness performance is equal to or better than the requirements of the piping system, but not
necessarily of the components being joined.
For a particular design of joint, the properties described in 7.2.2 and 7.2.3, shall be declared by the
manufacturer in writing at the time of enquiry or delivery.
7.2.2 Draw
Flexible joints shall be capable of conforming to 7.2.4 when a draw, D (see Figure 1), including temperature
effects, of not less than 0,2 % of the laying length of the longest pipe with which the joint is intended to be
used or the manufacturer’s declared maximum draw, Dmax (see 4.4.2.2), whichever is greater, is applied.
7.2.3 Angular deflection
Flexible joints shall be capable of conforming to 7.2.4 when an angular deflection, δ (see Figure 1), not less
than the manufacturer’s declared maximum values is applied.
7.2.4 Leaktightness
7.2.4.1 Leaktightness when subjected to internal pressure following assembly
When assembled in accordance with the pipe manufacturer’s recommendations, the joint shall withstand,
without leakage, an internal pressure of 0,75 bar (75 kPa) for 15 min and shall subsequently conform to
7.2.4.2 and 7.2.4.3.
7.2.4.2 Leaktightness when simultaneously subjected to misalignment and draw
When the joint is subjected to the manufacturer's declared maximum draw, Dmax (see 7.2.2), and a total shear
load, Nd, of 25 N/mm of the nominal size, DN or WN, in millimetres, it shall not show any visible sign of
damage to its components nor leak when tested by the appropriate method given in ISO 8639 at the pressure
and duration given in Table 16.
7.2.4.3 Leaktightness when simultaneously subjected to angular deflection and draw
When the joint is subjected to an angular deflection in accordance with 7.2.3 and a total draw, Dtot, equal to
the manufacturer’s maximum draw, Dmax (see 7.2.2), plus the longitudinal movement, J (see Figure 1),
resulting from the applied angular deflection, it shall not show any visible signs of damage to its components
nor leak when tested by the appropriate method given in ISO 8639 at the pressure and duration given in
7.2.4.4 Resistance to an external pressure differential
7.2.4.4.1 General
The assessment of a joint’s ability to resist external water pressure shall be made using either internal
negative pressure or external water pressure.
7.2.4.4.2 Leaktightness test when subjected to negative pressure
When the joint is subjected to the declared maximum draw, Dmax (see 7.2.2) it shall not show any visible signs
of damage to its components nor exhibit a change in pressure greater than 0,08 bar/h (0,008 MPa/h) when
tested by the appropriate method given in ISO 8639 at the pressure and duration given in Table 16.
7.2.4.4.3 Leaktightness test when subjected to external water pressure
When the joint is subjected to the declared maximum draw, Dmax (see 7.2.2), it shall not show any visible
signs of damage to its components nor leak when tested using a test arrangement such as shown in Figure 10
at the pressure and duration given in Table 16.
Copyright International Organization for Standardization 31
1 metal jacket 5 pipe wall
2 support for pipe 6 joint seal
3 water under pressure 7 joint being tested
4 watertight seal
a Distance between pipe ends.
Figure 10 — Typical test arrangement for resistance to an external pressure differential
using external water pressure
.```.2. i.`. lp. Table 16 — Summary of test requirements for flexible joints Test pressure Joint position Tests Duration bar Initial leakage Initial pressure 0.4. 7...6 Test pieces A test piece shall comprise a joint and two pieces of pipe such that the total length of the test piece.5 Number of test pieces The number of joint assemblies to be tested for each test in 7. approximately 0. --`.`. is not less than is required to meet the requirements of the test method.....75 15 min Angular deflection and draw Positive static pressure 1 24 h −0.`.2.````-`-`.4. It is permitted to use the same assembly for more than one test.8 bar Using negative pressure 1h External pressure differential (−0.75 bar (0. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) 7.4 shall be one.e.08 MPa) Using external water pressure 1 1h a Relative to atmospheric.75 a 15 min Misalignment and draw Positive static pressure 1 24 h Initial pressure 0.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 33 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .075 MPa) absolute.2.
1 General This test determines the capacity of a pipe to resist an external load perpendicular to its axis along its length. To show compliance with the minimum crushing strength the load applied is the minimum crushing load.`--- The test is applicable to pipes of any nominal size having a circular. with the slope of the surface between 0° and 15°. in a vertical plane through the longitudinal centre lines of the bearers and the test piece. A test piece is subjected to a vertical load across its diameter for the whole of its length.```. the load applied is increased until the test piece fails.4. the minimum strengths are confirmed or the actual strengths are determined.2. the bottom bearer shall be formed as a V-shaped support.1.`. twisting or knots... indicating and recording the total load applied to the test piece to an accuracy of within ± 2 % of the load applied..3.`. capable of applying a compressive load to the test piece. egg-shaped or kite-shaped cross-section According to 5. made of metal or suitable hardwood. They may be continuous or segmented.4..1. the length of the test piece and the applicable equations in this annex. A.1 or to determine the ring bending tensile strength of polyester resin concrete (PRC) used to make a pipe. which is straight and free of warping. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Annex A (normative) Test method for the determination of a pipe’s crushing strength and ring bending tensile strength using a pipe test piece A.`. The load shall be applied in such a way that the combination of support and bearers is free to rotate in a vertical plane through the longitudinal centre lines of the top and bottom bearers.1. times the length of the test piece. this test may be carried out on sawn test pieces in accordance with Annex B if a suitable apparatus is not available.2 Principle This test is used to show compliance with the minimum requirements for the crushing strength specified in 5.2 Bearers.. The load shall be applied through one top bearing strip.4. The machine shall be equipped with a means of measuring.3 Apparatus A. Using the load applied. and shall have a width not less than that required to support the test 34 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . The machine shall be sufficiently rigid so that the distribution of the load will not be affected by the deformation or yielding of any part and shall transmit the load. For pipes with an external circular shape.````-`-`. which shall be a whole pipe or a pipe section having a length not less than that given in 5. They shall be positioned centrally below the axis of load application and parallel to the pipe’s longitudinal axis.4. --`.. A.3. The bearers shall have a thickness that is not less than 25 mm and shall be placed centrally on their supports. qcr.1 Loading frame. When it is required to determine the crushing strength of a pipe or the ring bending tensile strength of its polyester resin concrete (PRC). specified in 5.min. at a steady rate between 400 N/s and 600 N/s until either the specified minimum crushing load is reached or the test piece fails.. A. without shock.
ab.2). as appropriate to the shape of the bore (see Figure A.````-`-`. They shall be of an elastomeric material having a hardness of 55 ± 10 IRHD or. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) piece.3 ± 0.`.1 or A. in the case of facings made of felt.025) grams/cm3 and shall have a thickness of (20 ± 5) mm.```. or width. Pipes with a base shall be supported by two bearing strips placed with their centres at a distance equal to 0..1.2.1).`--- © ISO for Copyright International Organization 2009 – All rights reserved Standardization 35 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . shall be not less than the width of its corresponding contact surface to the test piece but not greater than the applicable value in Table A..`..1 (continued) --`.. wi. di.`. The width of a bearing strip.3 times the internal diameter. or it shall consist of two bearing strips placed with their centres at a distance which subtends an angle of 30° at the centre of the pipe (see Figure A.. The surfaces that are in contact with the test piece shall be in the form either of facings or of strips. as shown in Figure A.. they shall have a density of (0.. a) Plain pipe Figure A.
... b Angle of bearer surface. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) b) Pipe with integral socket Key 1 axis of load application ab width of the bearing strip 2 compression edge di internal diameter of test piece 3 compression beam e wall thickness of test piece 4 elastomeric or felt facing top bearing strip lp length of test piece 5 polyester resin concrete (PRC) test piece P applied load 6 elastomeric or felt facing bottom bearing strip 7 metal or knotless hardwood bearer 8 testing machine base plate a 0.```. Figure A.`--- 36 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .1 — Typical arrangement for the crushing strength test on pipes with an external circular shape --`.`.````-`-`.... 0° to 15°.5 × lp.`..`.
.2 — Typical arrangement for the crushing strength test on pipes with a base Table A.b width of the bottom bearing strip 3 compression beam e1 wall thickness of test piece 4 elastomeric or felt facing top bearing strip lp length of test piece 5 polyester resin concrete (PRC) test piece P applied load 6 elastomeric or felt facing bottom bearing strips wi internal width of test piece 7 testing machine base plate a 0..3 × wi. Figure A. b Distance 0.`.t width of the top bearing strip 2 compression edge ab.`..`--- (DN or WN) u 400 50 400 < (DN or WN) u 1200 100 1200 < (DN or WN) u 2500 150 2500 < (DN or WN) 200 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 37 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .````-`-`.... ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Key 1 axis of load application ab.5 × lp..`.1 — Maximum width of bearing strips Pipe nominal size Maximum width of bearing strips ab DN or WN mm --`.```.
for the nominal size of the pipe under consideration.`. W*) is reached or failure occurs. A. in millimetres.1 Crushing strength Calculate the minimum test load..2) as follows: Pcalc = q cr.1) where lp is the length of the test piece. in newtons per millimetre length.. Pmin (taking into account the load due to the weight of the compression beam.4..min × lp (A.11. Record the test load applied and the appearance and dimensions of the test piece. calculate the minimum test load in accordance with A. The minimum crushing load is calculated using Equation (1) or (2) as given in 3. the laying length is used as the length of the test piece for the calculation of loads and properties.4. in newtons per millimetre length (N/mm). The test piece shall be a whole pipe or a whole cross-section of pipe having a length not less than that given in 5.. until either the required test load. [DN] or [WN] is the applicable nominal internal size for the pipe under consideration.6. in newtons (N).6 Calculations A. A.1.4. Place the test piece horizontally and centrally on the bottom bearer. The ends of the test piece shall be cut plane and perpendicular to the pipe axis. calculate the crushing strength of the pipe and ring bending tensile strength of its polyester resin concrete (PRC) in accordance with A.min.`.`.````-`-`. taken as a dimensionless value.min = S c × ⎡⎣ WN⎤⎦ × 0. specified in 5. as applicable: q cr.001 (2) where Sc is the strength class given in Table A.3 or A. If failure occurs. as applicable.001 (1) q cr.4 Test pieces Three test pieces of the same size and classification shall be used. by multiplying the minimum crushing load. qcr.5 Procedure NOTE When testing a whole pipe.```.min is the minimum crushing load. --`.1) and the load to be applied using Equation (A.. qcr.1. When testing to check conformity with the minimum crushing strength requirement.min = S c × ⎡⎣DN⎤⎦ × 0. Pcalc.6.. in newtons (N).`--- 38 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .6. by the length of the test piece in millimetres (mm). Apply the load to the test piece continuously. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) A.1. A.2. at a rate of between 400 N/s and 600 N/s..2. and record the results. using Equation (A.
OE PRC-TE 300/450 u DN u 600/900 140 160 700/1050 u DN u 1000/1500 120 140 1200/1800 u DN u 1400/2100 90 120 Table A. qcr. in newtons per millimetre of length (N/mm). in newtons (N). is reached or the load applied is increased until failure occurs.2 — Minimum strength classes for pipes designated PRC-OC or PRC-TC Nominal size Strength class Sc DN N/mm PRC-OC PRC-TC 150 u DN u 500 140 160 600 u DN u 1000 120 140 1200 u DN u 3000 90 120 Table A. then calculate the crushing strength.`. to be applied is given by Equation (A.`. of the compression edge.````-`-`. in newtons.2) where Pcalc is the calculated minimum test load..`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) The minimum load.. Pmin. W* is the load due to the weight of the compression beam and.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 39 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .. Table A.2): Pmin = Pcalc − W * (A.3 — Minimum strength classes for pipes designated PRC-OE or PRC-TE Nominal width/height Strength class Sc WN/HN N/mm PRC. Pmin..```..3): Pcr + W * q cr = (A.. in newtons.4 — Minimum strength classes for pipes designated PRC-OK or PRC-TK Nominal size Strength class Sc DN N/mm PRC-OK PRC-TK 800 u DN u 1000 120 140 1200 u DN u 1800 90 120 If failure occurs before the minimum load.3) lp --`. if applicable.. using Equation (A.
07 × Wp + 0... PRC-TC.5): Peff.6. Peff. of the compression edge. in millimetres.```. P is the load applied. if applicable. then the determined value is the ring bending tensile stress.. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) where Pcr is the load applied by the loading frame at failure. in newtons per square millimetre (N/mm2). in newtons.7).2.. in newtons. in millimetres..2 Ring bending tensile strength of polyester resin concrete (PRC) If the ring bending tensile strength of polyester resin concrete (PRC).6.4) lp e2 where di is the internal diameter of the test piece. A.6) lp e2 2 --`. lp is the length of the test piece. types PRC-OE or PRC-TE: Peff. e is the wall thickness of a test piece having a circular or kite-shaped cross-section. i.`.6) is termed the ring bending tensile strength.CK is the effective test load applied to test pieces with circular or kite-shaped cross-section. A. of the compression edge. in newtons.`. if applicable. is required for calculation purposes.`--- 40 Organization for Standardization Copyright International © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .CK = 0.4) or (A.E 3 × wi + 5 × e 2 σ rb = × (A.2.`.2 For pipes with an egg-shaped cross-section.e. in newtons. as applicable. σrb.5) where Wp is the load due to the weight of the test piece. then the calculated ring bending tensile stress determined using Equation (A. NOTE If failure occurs. lp is the length of the test piece. W* is the load due to the weight of the compression beam and. in millimetres.3 × ( P + W *) (A. The effective test load applied to test pieces with circular or kite-shaped cross-section is calculated using Equation (A.4) to (A.6. in newtons (N). in newtons per square millimetre (N/mm2).e.1 For pipes with a circular or kite-shaped cross-section. σrb. If failure does not occur. in millimetres. PRC-OK or PRC-TK: Peff.````-`-`. σrb. then its value can be determined using Equations (A.. CK 3 × di + 5 × e σ rb = × (A. A.. W* is the load due to the weight of the compression beam and. in newtons. types PRC-OC. i.
the load due to the weight of the test piece. of the compression edge. if applicable. in millimetres. if applicable. whether or not it failed. k) for each test piece. W*. m) the temperature during the test. Pmin. g) for each test piece subjected to the minimum strength test. in newtons. d) the dimensions of each test piece. c) the number of test pieces. the actual load. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) where wi is the horizontal internal width of the test piece. and the minimum load for compliance. e2 is the wall thickness of the test piece at the top of a pipe having an egg-shaped cross-section. h) the load due to the weight of the compression beam and. the calculated value for minimum crushing load. in newtons. including the cross-sectional shape.. j) for each test piece. o) any factors not specified in this part of ISO 18672 which may have affected the results. n) a description of the test pieces after testing. in newtons. f) for each test piece.7): Peff. © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 41 --`.. such as incidents or operating details. time and place of testing. It is calculated using Equation (A. in newtons. as applicable. of the compression edge.7) where Wp is the load due to the weight of the test piece. b) full identification of the pipe tested. Annex A. qcr. if applicable. in millimetres. E or K. l) equipment details. σrb. i. C. P is the applied load. Peff.e. lp is the length of the test piece. qcr.06 × Wp + 0. W* is the load due to the weight of the compression beam and. if applicable.35 × ( P + W *) (A..7 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 18672 and this annex.``` Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . Wp. i) for each test piece. in millimetres. P.E = 0. ISO 18672-1:2009. i. or the actual crushing strength..e. e) the date.E is the effective test load applied to test pieces with egg-shaped cross-section. A.```. the calculated value of the ring bending tensile stress or strength.min.
or crushing strength of a polyester resin concrete (PRC) pipe using test pieces cut from a pipe.2 Bearers and contact surfaces. having a hardness of (55 ± 10) IRHD or of felt having a density of (0.3.````-`-`..`.025) g/cm3. The load shall be applied at a steady rate so that the required load is reached within 2 min to 3 min. which is straight and free of warping.3 ± 0. The method is applicable to pipes having a circular. The load shall be applied through the top bearing strip. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Annex B (normative) Test method for the determination of a pipe’s crushing strength or ring bending tensile strength using test pieces sawn from a pipe B. The load shall be applied in such a way that the combination of support and bearers is free to rotate in a vertical plane through the longitudinal centre lines of the top and bottom bearers.`.. rather than lengths of pipe as used in Annex A..`.`--- 42 Organization for Standardization Copyright International © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . Free movement of one of the bottom bearing beams shall be ensured. The facing of the top bearer shall have a thickness of 3 mm. twisting or knots.1 Loading frame. B. to determine the same properties. capable of applying a compressive load to the test piece without shock or impact. until either the required minimum ring bending tensile strength is reached or the test piece is taken to failure. B.1 General This annex gives a method for the determination of the capacity of a pipe to resist an external load perpendicular to its axis along its length. using test pieces sawn from a pipe. These properties are used to assess the capacity of the pipe to resist an external load along its length. The machine shall be sufficiently rigid that the distribution of the load is not affected by the deformation or yielding of any part and shall transmit the load in a vertical plane through the longitudinal centre lines of the test piece. σrb.2 Principle This test determines the ring bending tensile strength. The bearers shall have a thickness that is not less than 25 mm. and the bottom bearing beam's facing shall have a thickness of (20 ± 5) mm.3...3 Apparatus B. egg-shaped or kite-shaped cross-section of any nominal size.. The machine shall be equipped with a means of measuring. indicating and recording the total load applied to the test piece to an accuracy of within ± 2 % of the load applied. The bearers shall be made of metal or a suitable hardwood.. The surfaces that are in contact with the test piece shall be in the form of facings to the beams (see Figure B. The method may be used instead of the crushing strength test described in Annex A if the apparatus described in Annex A is not available.1). They shall either be of an elastomeric material.```. B. --`.
. The bottom bearing beams shall be located centrally about the axis of load application on the bottom bearer. lp = 5 × e..`. Figure B.. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) The width of the top bearing strip.1 × lb. b Location of applied load. ab.`--- a Width of the test piece. ab = 0..````-`-`.1).```. 0.1 — Test arrangement when using test pieces taken from a pipe Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 43 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . Key 1 axis of load application 7 metal roller bearer to provide movement 2 compression edge 8 test machine base plate 3 compression beam e wall thickness of test piece 4 elastomeric or felt facing 3 mm thick lb distance between bearers 5 polyester resin concrete (PRC) test piece P applied load 6 elastomeric or felt facing 20 mm thick --`.`. Free movement of one of the bottom bearers shall be ensured.33 × e. c Width of the ground surface.5 × b. e Width of the top bearing strip. b = 3 × e. d Length of test piece...`. lb (see Figure B. shall be 1/10 of the spacing between the centres of the bearing beams. 0..
as applicable: --`. for circular and kite-shaped pipes. using Equation (1) or (2).1 Determination of minimum test load to be applied B.min is the minimum crushing load.min.001 (2) where Sc is the strength class given in Table A. di is the internal diameter of the pipe. To determine the crushing strength of a pipe or the ring bending tensile strength of its polyester resin concrete (PRC).1) e2 σ rb. in millimetres. in newtons per millimetre of pipe length (N/mm).4.min.5. lp. in millimetres.min = ( qcr. for the nominal size of the pipe under consideration.2): σ rb.2) e2 2 where qcr.```.1.3 (3 × d i + 5 × e ) (B... Otherwise. using Equation (B...1.min = S c × ⎡⎣DN⎤⎦ × 0.3 Calculate the minimum ring bending tensile stress. e is the wall thickness of the pipe.5.5. qcr.`. for egg-shaped pipes.35 ( 3 × wi + 5 × e2 ) (B.. NOTE The dimensions quoted are indicative only. A.min + 7 30 × Wpipe ) × 0. using Equation (B.5 Test procedure B. in newtons per millimetre of pipe length. B. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) B. b. in newtons per millimetre length (N/mm). The longitudinal sides of the test piece shall be perpendicular to the generated surface of the pipe. the test pieces shall be taken from the top of the pipe. When testing pipes with kite-shaped or egg-shaped cross-section.1 To verify conformity with the pipe’s specified minimum crushing strength. B.2. in newtons per square millimetre (N/mm2).`--- q cr.`. 44 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . Pmin.3 or A. e. about 3 times the wall thickness.5. The test piece shall have parallel boundary surfaces and its length.`.1) or. as applicable.min = ( qcr. proceed with the applicable calculations in this clause.001 (1) q cr. [DN] or [WN] is the applicable nominal internal size for the pipe under consideration. perform the calculations in this clause to determine the test load to be applied.4 Test piece The test piece shall be sawn from a pipe or a broken piece of a pipe.. proceed as described in B.2..5.1. B.````-`-`. and its width. taken as a dimensionless value. σrb.min + 6 35 × Wpipe ) × 0. shall be about 5 times the wall thickness.2 Calculate the minimum crushing load.min = S c × ⎡⎣ WN⎤⎦ × 0.
B. in millimetres. in millimetres.`. When determining the crushing strength.5a) or (B.5b) ( 3 × wi ) + ( 3 × e ) where e is the wall thickness of the test piece.min × 2 × b × e 2 Pcalc = (B.5a) (3 × d i ) + (3 × e) ( 3 × wi ) + ( 5 × e ) f corr = (B. B. calculate the minimum test load. in millimetres.. in newtons.4 To verify conformity with the minimum crushing strength for a pipe.. wi is the horizontal internal width of a pipe with egg-shaped cross-section.3) and the load to be applied by the loading frame to the test piece. lb is the distance between bearers.`. using Equation (B.. in millimetres. in millimetres. in millimetres. in newtons per square millimetre.2 Load application Place the test piece horizontally and centrally on the bottom bearing beams. in newtons (N).. is reached within 2 min to 3 min or the test piece fails. for the applicable shape of pipe. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) e2 is the wall thickness at the top of an egg-shaped cross-section pipe. using Equation (B.5b). fcorr is the correction factor to allow for stress distribution in the curved beam. b is the width of the test piece. Pmin.5. Pmin. wi is the horizontal internal width of the original pipe with egg-shaped cross-section. When checking conformity with the minimum crushing strength. derived from Equation (B. in millimetres. in millimetres..`. as shown in Figure B. Wpipe is the load due to the weight of the pipe. as applicable: --`. e is the wall thickness of the test piece. if applicable. Pcalc. Record the load applied and the appearance and dimensions of the test piece. apply the load continuously at a steady rate so that either the required load.min is the minimum ring bending tensile stress obtained from Equation (B. di is the internal diameter of the original pipe. σrb.`--- (3 × d i ) + (5 × e) f corr = (B...1. in newtons per millimetre of pipe length. Record the maximum load applied and the appearance and dimensions of the test piece. apply the load continuously at a steady rate so that failure occurs within 2 min to 3 min.````-`-`.4): σ rb.5. © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 45 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .1) or (B.4) where W* is the load due to the weight of the compression beam and.2) as applicable.1. of the compression edge.```.3) 3 × l b × f corr Pmin = Pcalc − W * (B. in newtons (N).
lb is the spacing between the centres of the bearing beams. σrb. including W*. types PRC-OC.1 Pipes with a circular or kite-shaped cross-section. B. PRC-OK or PRC-TK For pipes with a circular or kite-shaped cross-section..6. e is the wall thickness of the test piece. PRC-TC.6): 3 × P lb σ rb = × × f corr (B. and the calculated value for qcr is then the crushing strength of the original pipe.6..```.e.5b) as applicable. σrb. determined in accordance with B.2. using the applicable Equation. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) B.`. and the ring bending tensile stress. P is the maximum load applied during the test.. perform the following calculation to determine the crushing load. If failure of the test piece occurred during the test. b is the width of the test piece.1. in millimetres.2 Crushing strength To assess conformity with the minimum crushing strength requirements.6 Calculations B. If however. P. in millimetres...6.1. using Equation (B. in newtons per square millimetre.7a) or (B..6) 2 × b e2 --`. determined in accordance with B. i. in newtons per square millimetre (N/mm2). the maximum load applied does not cause the test piece to break.6.6. B. in newtons per millimetre of pipe length.`. in newtons per millimetre of length (N/mm).1 Ring bending tensile strength If the maximum load applied during the test.5a) or (B. in newtons. then use the ring bending tensile strength. in millimetres. in millimetres..7a): σ rb e2 7 q cr = × − × Wpipe (B. causes the test piece to break. e is the wall thickness of the original pipe.e.6. Calculate the ring bending tensile stress or strength of a pipe’s polyester resin concrete (PRC). types PRC-OC.3 3 × d i + 5 × e 30 where σrb is the ring bending tensile stress or strength determined in accordance with B. in millimetres. σrb. use Equation (B. qcr.7a) 0. (B. Wpipe is the load due to the weight of the pipe. i. di is the internal diameter of the original pipe.1.````-`-`. PRC-OK or PRC-TK.`.7b).`--- where fcorr is the correction factor to allow for the stress distribution in the curved beam. then the value of these calculations for σrb is the ring bending tensile strength of the pipe’s polyester resin concrete (PRC). PRC-TC. then the calculated value for σrb is the ring bending tensile stress achieved during the test. calculated using Equation (B. 46 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .
`. in newtons per square millimetre.. in millimetres. in newtons per millimetre of pipe length. i) for each test piece.`..2 Pipes with an egg-shaped cross-section. e2 is the wall thickness of the original pipe at the top. h) for each test piece. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) B. types PRC-OE or PRC-TE For pipes with an egg-shaped cross-section.7b): σ rb e2 6 q cr = × − × Wpipe (B. use Equation (B..e. in millimetres. P. j) for each test piece. --`. if applicable. f) the date.2. its mass and calculated density. k) for each test piece. m) for each test piece. b) full identification of the pipe from which the test piece was obtained.e. ISO 18672-1:2009. e) the dimensions of each test piece.. i.`--- p) a description of the test pieces after testing.1.````-`-`. time and place of testing.7b) 0.7 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 18672 and this annex. d) the number of test pieces made and tested and their identification numbers or codes. types PRC-OE or PRC-TE.6. the value for σrb. the calculated value for fcorr. if applicable. B. whether it failed or not. including W*. c) the date.. lb.. such as incidents or operating details. q) any factors not specified in this part of ISO 18672 which may have affected the results.e..6. time and place of sampling. wi is the internal width of the original pipe with egg-shaped cross-section. the minimum load to be applied to the test piece by the loading frame. g) for each test piece.`. the calculated value for qcr. Annex B. © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 47 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .35 3 × wi + 5 × e 2 35 where σrb is the ring bending tensile stress or strength determined in accordance with B.```. n) equipment details. l) the distance between the centres of the bearing beams. o) the temperature during the test. Wpipe is the load due to the weight of the pipe. Pmin. i. the maximum load applied during the test. i.
4. if the test piece fails in such a way as not to be “beam” failure (i. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Annex C (normative) Test methods for the assessment of longitudinal bending moment resistance C.5 × DN and a width of (75 ± 5) mm.3 Apparatus C.. The block surface intended to be in contact with the test piece through at least 120° of its circumference shall match the test piece curvature and shall be lined with an elastomeric material having an IRHD of (55 ± 5) and a thickness of (20 ± 5) mm. when using a four-point loading arrangement.2. Two test procedures are specified using either a three-point or a four-point loading arrangement.1 General This test determines the capacity of a pipe to resist bending along its length when external loads are applied.3. without shock. then the test shall be repeated using the four-point loading method. specified in 5. C. The slings shall be so designed that there is a contact angle of at least 120° around the test piece’s circumference.3. either through two loading slings. and having a length of approximately 1.2. at a steady rate between 6 kN and 9 kN per minute. as applicable.. The apparatus shall be substantially rigid throughout. C.1 Loading frame. having a width of 100 mm and of sufficient strength for the application of the load through slings when the four-point loading method is used.3.2 Supports.3. from either a three-point or a four-point loading arrangement..`--- C. if crushing occurs at an end prior to the required test load being achieved).1 or C. of sufficient strength.e. when using a three-point loading arrangement. to the test piece.. C. The test is applicable to pipes of any nominal size having an external circular shape and laying lengths greater than six times their (vertical) internal diameter.`.2 Principle This test is used to show compliance with the minimum requirements for the longitudinal bending moment resistance (BMR) of a pipe. arranged as shown in Figure C.. C. indicating and recording the total load applied to the test piece to an accuracy of within ± 2 % of the load applied.1 Slings.2.`. M3 or M4. for the application of the load through blocks when the three-point loading method is used.````-`-`. capable of applying a specified load to the test piece.```.`. so that the distribution of the load is not affected appreciably by the deformation or yielding of any part. or through a bearing block..2 Bearing blocks. and shall transmit the load. by subjecting the test piece to a bending moment.. 48 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . --`. When testing using the three-point loading method.2. The machine shall be equipped with a means of measuring.
````-`-`.```..`--- Lever arm.5 × Pb. minimum [(6 × DN) − 100] mm. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Dimensions in millimetres a) Test arrangement for a plain pipe b) Test arrangement for a pipe with an integral socket Key 1 supporting sling 2 polyester resin concrete (PRC) test piece 3 loading sling a Half the applied bending load... c Supporting span. ls..`.`.`.. 300 mm minimum. 0. Figure C. la.1 — Arrangement for the four-point loading method © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 49 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . b --`...
`--- 50 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . 1. 4 elastomeric material. 5 bottom bearing block..`.5 × Pb. 0. lb.5 × lb.5 × DN high and (75 ± 5) mm wide d 120°. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) a) Test arrangement for a plain pipe b) Test arrangement for a pipe with an integral socket Key 1 axis of load application Pb applied bending load 2 load application bearer a Half the applied bending load.````-`-`...2 — Arrangement for the three-point loading method --`.```.`.. 3 polyester resin concrete (PRC) test piece b 0..`. (20 ± 5) mm thick c Distance between centres of lower bearing blocks... Figure C.
```. C.4 Procedure C.2.2).3. For details of the arrangement.2. --`.0 m or six times its internal diameter.3 Three-point loading method Support the test piece in a horizontal position on two bearing blocks complying with C.. symmetrical about the centre of the gap between the supporting slings.````-`-`. then this shall be recorded in the test report and the test repeated with another test piece.4.4.1 perpendicular to its longitudinal axis and symmetrical about the centre of its length.4.`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) C. see Figure C. which have been placed on a firm unyielding horizontal support. at a rate of between 6 kN/min and 9 kN/min. to the required longitudinal bending moment resistance. The distance between the centres of the loading slings shall be (300 ± 2) mm.3. without sudden vibration or shock. mid-way along the length of the test piece. as appropriate. apply the load as described under C. The test piece shall be a whole pipe or a short pipe. Using the loading machine.4. with a length of at least either 1.15 m less than the length of the test piece and they shall be placed symmetrically about the centre of its length. when tested using four-point loading. but using the four-point loading method in accordance with C..2 or C. in kilonewton metres (kNm).2. Attach the loading slings to the loading machine and apply the load as described under C..4. M3. Record the load applied and the appearance and dimensions of the test piece.. M3 or M4.2.2. Should this not be the failure mode. Also record the spacing of the slings or the spacing of the bearing blocks.2. For details of the arrangement. Place two loading slings on top of the test piece.4.. C.`. is reached. through which the load is to be applied. Position the bearing block conforming to C. MBMR.`. whichever is greater. MBMR. The distance between the centres of these bearing blocks shall be at least 0. NOTE When testing a whole pipe..4.3.1. This method is only usable when the mode of fracture is clearly “beam” failure (i. or M4. specified in 5.4. through the loading slings or the upper bearing block until a) the test piece fails. see Figure C.2 Four-point loading method Support the test piece in a horizontal position on two slings complying with C. C. as appropriate. the laying length is used as the length of the test piece. if no end crush occurs prior to the required test load being achieved).4.5 Calculations Calculate the longitudinal bending moment which the pipe resisted.1) or (C.3. when tested using three-point loading. or b) the specified minimum longitudinal bending moment resistance.4. using Equation (C.4 Load application Apply the load to the test piece continuously. or c) the load is increased until the test piece fails.2.1 General Place the test piece in the loading frame and position it in the manner described in C.e. C.4.2. Compare the calculated value..`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 51 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .4.
time and place of testing.e. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) C. d) the dimensions of each test piece. f) whether the four-point or three-point loading method was used.2) 4 where Pb is the total bending load applied.1) 2 where Pb is the total bending load applied.. i) for each test piece. M3 or M4. where ls is the support span. i. la is the lever arm length.````-`-`. the lever arm length.. if applicable. --`.`. lb is the distance between the centres of the lower bearing blocks.5. l) for each test piece. if applicable.2 When using the three-point loading method lb M 3 = Pb × (C. in metres. in kilonewtons. the specified minimum longitudinal bending moment resistance.`--- 52 Organization for Standardization Copyright International © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .. whether the failure was beam failure or not. the total bending load applied.6 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 18672 and this annex. c) the number of test pieces. C. i. in kilonewtons. ls.5. the calculated value for the bending moment resistance.e. 0. the distance between the centres of the lower bearing blocks. the distance between the centres of the loading slings and the support span. C.e.. k) for each test piece. j) for each test piece. e) the date.```. C or K. ISO 18672-1:2009. lb. in metres. MBMR. in metres.`. g) for each test piece.5 × (ls − 0. la. h) for each test piece. b) full identification of the pipe tested. including the cross-sectional shape..`..1 When using the four-point loading method la M 4 = Pb × (C.. Annex C. i. Pb.3).
o) any factors not specified in this part of ISO 18672 which may have affected the results.`.````-`-`.... ISO 18672-1:2009(E) m) equipment details.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 53 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale ...```.`. such as incidents or operating details..`. --`.. n) a description of the test pieces after testing.
. D. The machine shall be capable of applying a compressive load at a controlled rate and without shock to a test piece and measuring. egg-shaped or kite-shaped cross-section of any nominal size.. D. It includes requirements for cubes cut from pipes.````-`-`. the compressive strength is computed in newtons per square millimetre (N/mm2). The indicated load shall be accurate to within ± 1 % of the indicated value..`.3. D.`.3...3. D. in --`. capable of determining the dimensions and shape of test pieces.`--- newtons (N).2 Principle Test pieces are cubes cut from a pipe made from polyester resin concrete (PRC). Platens made of steel and having a thickness of at least 25 mm.2 Measuring equipment. The test pieces are crushed in accordance with the method described in this annex and from knowledge of the maximum load applied. in millimetres (mm).4. The test is applicable to pipes having a circular. through which the load is applied to the surfaces of the test piece.1 Masonry saw. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Annex D (normative) Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of polyester resin concrete (PRC) using test pieces cut from a pipe D. 54 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .4 Load application platens.3 Loading frame. The loading frame shall be a frame of sufficient rigidity such that the load will not be affected by the deformation or yielding of any part and shall transmit the load evenly to the test piece.3. This property is used to show compliance with the minimum requirements specified in 5. D. indicating and recording the maximum load applied.1 General This annex describes a test method to determine the compressive strength of the polyester resin concrete (PRC) material used for the manufacture of pipes complying with this part of ISO 18672.```.`... capable of cutting polyester resin concrete (PRC) test pieces to the form and accuracy required.3 Apparatus D. and the dimensions of the test piece. to the accuracy required by the test method.3 and to calculate the capacity of the pipe to resist longitudinal loads in installation applications such as jacking. The platens shall be 80 mm × 80 mm square. The load application surfaces shall be smooth and of a sufficient size to apply the load evenly over the test piece’s upper and lower surfaces.
width and length of test piece Figure D.`.````-`-`.. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Key 1 longitudinal axis of pipe 2 test face of test piece 3 vertical face parallel to longitudinal axis --`.1 — Details of test piece cut from a pipe Copyright International Organization for Standardization© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 55 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .```.`.`..`--- 4 pipe wall Tcube height......
. Centre the test piece in the machine (see Figure D.2 — Test arrangement using test pieces cut from a pipe D.`...2 mm. inspect the polyester resin concrete (PRC) to ensure that it is damage-free..3. If the wall thickness of the pipe is such that the dimension Tcube is more than 80 mm. Position a pair of platens as described in D. then it is permissible to cut test pieces in the form of 80 mm cubes.4 centrally in the machine... The machine’s load application surfaces shall be larger than or equal to the test piece’s loaded surface. The surfaces of the test piece to be loaded shall be parallel and plane to within 0.````-`-`.5 Procedure Ensure that all testing-machine bearing surfaces are wiped clean and also the surfaces of the test piece which will be loaded in the test.4 Test pieces Test pieces shall be obtained by cutting along planes which are parallel or perpendicular to the pipe’s longitudinal axis. height and length of the test piece shall be equal to Tcube in Figure D.1. --`.`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Key 1 load application surface of loading frame 2 80 mm × 80 mm × 25 mm thick steel test platen 3 polyester resin concrete (PRC) test piece P load applied through centre line of loading frame Figure D.. The width. D.`.2). Before cutting test pieces.```.`--- 56 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .
l) any factors not specified in this part of ISO 18672 which may have affected the results. D.`. --`... whether it failed or not.5 N/mm2.. time and place of testing.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 57 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .`. f) the date. j) details of test equipment. by the cross-sectional area being loaded... such as incidents or operating details. c) the date..`. in square millimetres (mm2).. Continue until failure occurs and record the maximum load applied to the test piece. h) the loaded area.6 Calculations Calculate the compressive strength by dividing the maximum load applied to the test piece. Annex D. if applicable.e. i) the appearance of the test piece after test. D. time and place of sampling. Express the result to the nearest 0. maximum load at failure and calculated compressive strength. b) full identification of the pipe from which the test piece was obtained. g) for each test piece. k) the temperature during testing.```. in newtons (N). its mass and calculated density.7 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 18672 and this annex. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Apply the load without shock at a rate between 10 N/mm2 per min and 20 N/mm2 per min. i. ISO 18672-1:2009.````-`-`. e) the dimensions of each test piece and. Inspect the test piece and note the nature of any unusual failure modes. d) the number of test pieces made and tested and their identification numbers or code.
.3.. determined from the lower load. The bearers shall have a thickness of not less than 25 mm.1 General This test assesses the capacity of a pipe to resist external cyclic loadings perpendicular to its axis along its length. without shock or impact. E. The fatigue strength. The cyclic load shall be applied between specified upper and lower limits at a frequency not exceeding 12 Hz.`. This test is applicable to pipes of any nominal size.`--- E. and the lower limit of ring bending tensile stress. The machine shall be sufficiently rigid. E. egg-shaped or kite-shaped cross-section. E. The machine shall also be equipped with a means of counting. which is accurate to within ± 2 % of the load applied. capable of applying a cyclic compressive load to the test piece.. The pipes are tested using test pieces which have been cut from them. Free movement of the bottom bearing beams shall be ensured. σup. indicating and recording the number of cycles completed. at a frequency not exceeding 12 Hz. until either the required minimum number of cycles is reached or the test piece fails..2 Bearers and contact surfaces. σfat. is the difference between the upper limit of ring bending tensile stress.````-`-`. σlow. The load shall be applied through the compression beam.`.3. so that the distribution of the load is not affected by the deformation or yielding of any part. having a circular.3 Apparatus E. for a specified number of cycles. The bearers shall be made of metal or a suitable hardwood which is straight and free of warping. The machine shall be equipped with a means of measuring. determined from the upper load. indicating and recording the upper and lower loads applied to the test piece.. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Annex E (normative) Test method for the determination of the fatigue strength of a pipe under cyclic loading --`. The load shall be applied in such a way that the combination of support and bearers is free to rotate in a vertical plane through the longitudinal centre lines of the top and bottom bearers. and shall transmit the load in a vertical plane through the longitudinal centre lines of the test piece.. twisting or knots.1 Loading frame.`.2 Principle The test piece is subjected to a load cycling between an upper and lower limit. 58 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale ..```. without failure.
`.1 — Test arrangement for fatigue strength using test pieces cut from a pipe © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 59 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale ..1 × lb.. The bottom bearing beams shall be located centrally about the axis of load application on the bottom bearer. b = 3 × e. having a density of (0.`--- 3 compression beam 4 elastomeric or felt facing 3 mm thick 5 polyester resin concrete (PRC) test piece 6 elastomeric or felt facing 20 mm thick 7 metal roller bearer to provide movement 8 test machine base plate e wall thickness of test piece lb distance between bearers P applied load a Width of the test piece. Free movement of the bottom bearers shall be ensured. or of felt.`..1). 0.025) grams/cm3. and the bottom bearing beams shall have a facing with a thickness of (20 ± 5) mm.5 × b.. lp = 5 × e. b Location of applied load. e Width of the top bearing strip. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) The bottom bearing-beam surfaces that are in contact with the test piece shall be in the form of facings to the beams (see Figure E. ab = 0. c Width of the ground surface. d Length of test piece... The compression beam shall not have a facing.3 ± 0.```. They shall either be of an elastomeric material.33 × e.`. Figure E. having a hardness of (55 ± 10) IRHD.````-`-`.. 0. Key 1 axis of load application 2 compression edge --`.
using Equation (E. respectively.1) or (E.low and Pcalc.min is the minimum ring bending tensile stress determined in accordance with Annex A or Annex B.2) 3 × l b × f corr where fup. b is the width of the test piece.6. E. Set the machine to cycle between Pcalc. b.min × × f low (E. Place the test piece horizontally and centrally on the bottom bearing beams. with a width of about one third of the wall thickness. in newtons (N). When testing pipes with kite-shaped or egg-shaped cross-section.up = σ rb.up and back to Pcalc.min × × f up (E. record the number of cycles completed and the appearance and dimensions of the test piece. in millimetres. NOTE The loads to be applied to the test piece include the loads due to the weight of the compression beam and the compression edge.2) as appropriate: 2 × b × e2 Pcalc.. using Equation (E. e... in millimetres.`. At completion of the test.4) or the lower (0.4 Test pieces The test piece shall be sawn from a pipe or a broken piece of a pipe. form one single plane. lb is the spacing between the centres of the bearing beams.1) load..1 Upper and lower load Calculate the upper and lower load to be applied.1) 3 × l b × f corr 2 × b × e2 Pcalc..low at a frequency not exceeding 12 Hz. the factor for the upper (0..low = σ rb.```. the test piece shall be taken from the top of the pipe. The longitudinal sides of the test piece shall be perpendicular to the generated surface of the pipe.5 Procedure Calculate the lower and upper loads to be applied to the test piece.`. lp.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .`. in newtons per square millimetre. σrb.1) or (E. Its length. The cycling test force shall be applied steadily until either the specified number of loading cycles is completed or the test piece fails. and its width. shall be about 5 times the wall thickness. about 3 times the wall thickness. flow are. Pcalc. The test piece shall have parallel boundary surfaces. E. The test piece shall be ground at both ends so that the bearing strips.low and Pcalc. Apply to the test piece at least 2 × 106 loading cycles which cycle between the calculated upper and lower load.. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) E.6 Calculations E. in millimetres. e is the wall thickness of the test piece. if applicable. 60 Copyright International Organization for Standardization --`.````-`-`.2) as appropriate.up.
min is the minimum ring bending tensile stress determined in accordance with Annex A or Annex B... in newtons per square millimetre.7) where σrb.5): σ fat = σ up − σ low (E. σlow is the lower limit of the bending tensile stress determined from the lower load. using Equation (E.4) ( 3 × wi ) + ( 3 × e ) where di is the internal diameter of the original pipe.. wi is the horizontal internal width of a pipe with egg-shaped cross-section.`--- E.4) load. in millimetres.. in newtons per square millimetre (N/mm2). --`. fup is the factor for the upper (0. © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 61 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .4).6. in millimetres..min × f up (E.min is the minimum ring bending tensile stress determined in accordance with Annex A or Annex B..`. as applicable: (3 × d i ) + (5 × e) f corr = (E.7): σ low = σ rb.1) load.6) where σrb.3) (3 × d i ) + (3 × e) ( 3 × wi ) + ( 5 × e ) f corr = (E.`.6): σ up = σ rb.min × f low (E.2 Fatigue strength If the specified number of loading cycles is completed without failure. calculate the fatigue strength.```. in newtons per square millimetre. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) fcorr is the correction factor to allow for stress distribution in the curved beam. in newtons per square millimetre. flow is the factor for the lower (0. derived from Equation (E. and is calculated using Equation (E. σfat.5) where σup is the upper limit of the ring bending tensile stress determined from the upper load.3) or (E.`.. and is calculated using Equation (E.````-`-`. in newtons per square millimetre.
```.````-`-`. the upper load. e) the dimensions of each test piece. the calculated value for σfat. time and place of testing. --`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) E. c) the date.. d) the number of test pieces made and tested and their identification numbers or codes. 62 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .`.. m) a description of the test piece after testing. f) the date.7 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 18672 and this annex. i....e.. Pcalc. Pcalc. b) full identification of the pipe from which the test piece was obtained. Annex E. time and place of sampling. h) for each test piece.up. such as incidents or operating details. the calculated value for fcorr. applied.low. g) for each test piece.`--- n) any factors not specified in this part of ISO 18672 which may have affected the results. and lower load. ISO 18672-1:2009. i) for each test piece. l) equipment details.`. j) the spacing between the centres of the bearing beams. lb.`. k) the number of cycles completed by each test piece..
````-`-`. at a rate not exceeding 0. F. Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 63 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .`.2 Principle A pipe is either installed in a test rig which has platens with suitable joint profiles or joined to another pipe of the same classification.`--- Using the source of hydrostatic pressure. there shall be no sign of leakage or weeping in either the joints or the pipe. damp patches or water droplets.3. which is maintained for 15 min. internal stoppers or inflatable bags. F.. capable of controlling the test pressure to within ± 1 % of the specified value for the duration of the test. seal the ends of the pipe using suitable end-sealing devices.. F.. WARNING — Attention is drawn to dangers associated with pressure and the need to apply all necessary precautions to prevent injury to the personnel in the vicinity of the test area.. F.`. At the end of this time. taking care to remove all air. raise the test pressure. This test is applicable to pipes having a circular. capable of holding the test arrangement for the duration of the test without transmitting loads to either the pipe or its joints.3 Apparatus F. The thrust produced at the ends is transferred to the test rig and is not carried by the test piece. the test arrangement is inspected for signs of leakage or weeping.. After 15 min.. Record the result of the inspection.3. of suitable capability and which remain leaktight for the duration of the test. Maintain the test pressure within ± 2 % of the specified value for 15 min. F. taking care to remove all air. If necessary. until the specified test pressure is reached. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Annex F (normative) Method for the assessment of the leaktightness of a pipe and its joints under short-term exposure to internal water pressure F..2 End-sealing devices.3.`. inspect the outside of the pipe and the joints for signs of leakage. For the pipe and its joints to be considered leaktight. and then pressurized to a specified pressure. such as end caps. Means shall be provided to prevent movement of the end sealing devices under pressure and to ensure that they do not transmit end thrust to the test piece. --`.1 bar (10 kPa) in 1 s.1 General This test method assesses whether or not a pipe and its joints are leaktight under short-term internal water pressure. Slowly fill the test arrangement with water.```.2 Source of hydrostatic pressure.4 Procedure Either place the pipe in a test rig which has platens with suitable joint profiles or join two pipes or pipe sections with one flexible joint and clamp in a suitable test rig.1 Test rig. The test arrangement is filled with water. egg-shaped or kite-shaped cross-section of any nominal size together with their joints.
`.````-`-`. Annex F. 64 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . such as incidents or operating details.e..`...`.`--- i) any factors not specified in this part of ISO 18672 which may have affected the results.. e) the test pressure. g) the occurrence or absence of leakage. f) the duration of the test or time to failure. h) equipment details. --`.5 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 18672 and this annex... ISO 18672-1:2009.```. including dimensions and elastomeric seal details.. i. i. E or K. including the cross-sectional shape. d) the number of test pieces.e. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) F. C. c) the joint details. b) full identification of the pipe tested.
suitable for holding the test solution.2 Principle This test determines the long-term crushing strength of a pipe after being loaded for 50 years. including the effects of media attack G.```. which shall be exposed to one of the test solutions as described in Clause G..`--- 65 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .1.. capable of applying a compressive load permanently to the test piece. a container. G..1 Machine.6.. egg-shaped or kite-shaped cross-section of any nominal size. rigid support beams. by extrapolating the results of a long-term test series lasting at least 10 000 h. smooth and clean. flat. to take into account the influence of media attack on the invert of the test piece. with a means of attaching weights on one end.. The components of the test apparatus shall be rigid enough to prevent any visible deformation during the test.`. If there is no value for the short-term crushing strength of the pipe to be tested then.````-`-`. The loadings for the test pieces shall be so selected that the times to failure are distributed over the test duration as described under G. The surfaces in contact with the test piece shall be hard.. G. is needed as a basis for the loading selection and also for the determination of the reduction factor.4.`. weights and drop protection for the weights. if required. which shall be a pipe section having a minimum length as indicated in 5.2. NOTE The method can be used to take into account the influence of any particular solution on the long-term crushing strength of a pipe. This apparatus consists of a rigid beam placed parallel to the floor.3 Apparatus G. until either the test has been carried out for not less than 10 000 h without failure or the test piece fails.`. before starting the test series. a rigid bearing beam parallel to the floor.1. A typical arrangement of the test equipment is shown in Figure G. The test is applicable to pipes having a circular. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Annex G (normative) Test method for the determination of the long-term (50 years) crushing strength of a pipe. taking into account media attack. The short-term crushing strength of the pipe. determined in accordance with Annex A. the pipe shall be tested with the method described in Annex A until failure occurs.5 and Figure G. © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization --`.3.1. a rigid work-arm to introduce the load.1 General This test determines the capacity of a pipe to resist external long-term loadings perpendicular to the axis along its length..
`--- 66 Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .. 25 mm. At least 18 test pieces are required for one test series.4 Test pieces The test pieces for the same test series shall come from pipes of the same type.4. Two straight.. Figure G.1.```.. b Minimum depth of test liquid at invert.1 — Typical test arrangement for the long-term crushing strength test G..2.`.. --`.`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Key 1 moveable weight hanger 9 test piece 2 weights 10 container (if required) 3 weight drop protection 11 bearing plate 4 supports 12 fulcrum 5 test solution la lever arm 6 compression beam lf distance between fulcrums 7 work arm P load applied to test piece 8 rigid beam a Mass of weights. The ends of the test piece shall be cut plane and perpendicular to the pipe axis.. The test pieces shall be pipe sections with a length not less than the requirements of 5. nominal size and strength class. longitudinal lines.````-`-`..`. functioning as reference lines. are drawn on the pipe’s inner or outer surface at 180° to each other.
2. The test on an individual test piece is deemed to have been completed when either a) the test piece fails..1. © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization 67 Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .`.640 g of sodium carbonate and 2.1 Acid test solution (1 N) The acid test solution shall be a 0. corrected. Place a test piece in the container.```.1..````-`-`.. For the test series. the load applied and the time to failure shall be recorded. which is supported by rigid beams.. For the duration of the test series.`. a minimum of 18 failure points is required to determine the regression graph.`--- Table G. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) G.`.5 Test solutions G.6 Procedure Determine the short-term crushing strength of a pipe of the same size and classification.. Whenever a test piece fails.. the distribution of these failure points shall conform to Table G. in accordance with Annex A.5. The concentration of the test solution shall be maintained throughout the test and. G. G.1 — Failure point distribution Test duration in hours Minimum number of failure points 10 to 1 000 h 4 1 000 to 6 000 h 3 6 000 to 10 000 h 2 more than 10 000 h 1 NOTE The distribution of the other failure points is not specified. check each test piece at least at the frequency stated in Table G.5 mol/l sulfuric acid solution c(H2SO4) prepared by adding 28. The test temperature shall be maintained at (23 ± 5) °C for the duration of the test.092 g of sodium bicarbonate in 800 ml of distilled water and then topping up to make 1 000 ml of test solution.2 Alkali test solution (pH 10) The alkali test solution shall be a buffer solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) prepared by dissolving 2.1 h and over 10 000 h. Select the range of loadings so that the times to failure are distributed between 0. --`..5 ml of distilled water to produce 1 litre of test solution. Fill the container with the test solution to a level sufficient to cover the invert of the test piece to a minimum depth of 25 mm. as shown in Figure G.84 g/ml) to 971.5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid (1.5. The load is introduced by concrete weights hanging from the work arms of the individual devices. if necessary. or b) the test has been carried out for no less than 10 000 h without failure.
2 — Frequency of test piece inspections Test duration in hours Checking times 0 to 20 h every hour 20 to 40 h every 2 h 40 to 60 h every 4 h 60 to 100 h every 8 h 100 to 600 h every 24 h 600 to 6 000 h every 48 h after 6 000 h every week G. time and place of testing. including the cross-sectional shape. k) for each test series.7 Evaluation — Long-term (50 years) crushing strength Determine the long-term crushing strength of a pipe loaded for 50 years by making an extrapolation with the data from a test series using Method A in ISO 10928. may be included as failures to establish the regression line. j) for each test series.e. If required. i. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) Table G.`. g) the crushing load applied and time to failure for each test piece. n) a description of the test pieces after testing. f) the length of the lever arm. with time to failure being entered on the X-axis and crushing strength. such as incidents or operating details. 68 Copyright International Organization for Standardization --`. entered on the Y-axis. d) the dimensions of each test piece.. G. the values can be represented in a double logarithm coordinate grid.`.`--- © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale . l) details of the equipment. E or K. the short-term crushing strength. c) the number of test pieces. Annex G. lf... expressed as a percentage of the initial strength.`. i) the control of composition and concentration of the test solution and the procedure used. The crushing strengths used in the analysis shall be expressed as a percentage of the initial strength.8 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 18672 and this annex. C. the extrapolated long-term crushing strength (50 years).. i.```. ISO 18672-1:2009. and distance between fulcrums. m) the temperature during the test. h) the times of checking for each test piece.. which have not failed after 10 000 h. la. b) full identification of the pipe tested..e. The test pieces.````-`-`.. e) the date. o) any factors not specified in this part of ISO 18672 which may have affected the results.
--`.`...`..```..````-`-`...`--- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale ..`.
80..`.`.. 93.`--- ICS 23.040.040.140.```. 23.. 91.````-`-`...20.`. ISO 18672-1:2009(E) --`.030 Price based on 68 pages © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale .45...
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