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Matched Legal Cases: ['In fine', 'Art. 1987', 'Art. 1990', 'art 1', 'arts090', 'art 1']

AngYuvsCA | Contracts
BrowseInterestsStay InformedCareerPersonal GrowthFiction & BiographiesHealth & FitnessLifestyleCultureBrowse byBooksAudiobooksNews & MagazinesSheet MusicBrowse allUploadSign inJoinRepublic of the Philippines SUPREME COURT Manila EN BANCG.R. No. 109125 December 2, 1994 ANG YU ASUNCION, ARTHUR GO AND KEH TIONG, Petitioners, vs. THE HON. COURT OF APPEALS and BUEN REALTY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Respondents. VITUG, J.: chanrobles virtual law library Assailed, in this petition for review, is the decision of the Court of Appeals, dated 04 December 1991, in CA-G.R. SP No. 26345 setting aside and declaring without force and effect the orders of execution of the trial court, dated 30 August 1991 and 27 September 1991, in Civil Case No. 8741058.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library The antecedents are recited in good detail by the appellate court thusly: On July 29, 1987 a Second Amended Complaint for Specific Performance was filed by Ang Yu Asuncion and Keh Tiong, et al., against Bobby Cu Unjieng, Rose Cu Unjieng and Jose Tan before the Regional Trial Court, Branch 31, Manila in Civil Case No. 87-41058, alleging, among others, that plaintiffs are tenants or lessees of residential and commercial spaces owned by defendants described as Nos. 630-638 Ongpin Street, Binondo, Manila; that they have occupied said spaces since 1935 and have been religiously paying the rental and complying with all the conditions of the lease contract; that on several occasions before October 9, 1986, defendants informed plaintiffs that they are offering to sell the premises and are giving them priority to acquire the same; that during the negotiations, Bobby Cu Unjieng offered a price of P6-million while plaintiffs made a counter offer of P5-million; that plaintiffs thereafter asked the defendants to put their offer in writing to which request defendants acceded; that in reply to defendant's letter, plaintiffs wrote them on October 24, 1986 asking that they specify the terms and conditions of the offer to sell; that when plaintiffs did not receive any reply, they sent another letter dated January 28, 1987 with the same request; that since defendants failed to specify the terms and conditions of the offer to sell and because of information received that defendants were about to sell the property, plaintiffs were compelled to file the complaint to compel defendants to sell the property to them.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library Defendants filed their answer denying the material allegations of the complaint and interposing a special defense of lack of cause of action.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library After the issues were joined, defendants filed a motion for summary judgment which was granted by the lower court. The trial court found that defendants' offer to sell was never accepted by the plaintiffs for the reason that the parties did not agree upon the terms and conditions of the proposed sale, hence, there was no contract of sale at all. Nonetheless, the lower court ruled that should the defendants subsequently offer their property for sale at a price of P11-million or below, plaintiffs will have the right of first refusal. Thus the dispositive portion of the decision states: WHEREFORE, judgment is hereby rendered in favor of the defendants and against the plaintiffs summarily dismissing the complaint subject to the aforementioned condition that if the defendants subsequently decide to offer their property for sale for a purchase price of Eleven Million Pesos or lower, then the plaintiffs has the option to purchase the property or of first refusal, otherwise, defendants need not offer the property to the plaintiffs if the purchase price is higher than Eleven Million Pesos.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library SO ORDERED. Aggrieved by the decision, plaintiffs appealed to this Court in CA-G.R. CV No. 21123. In a decision promulgated on September 21, 1990 (penned by Justice Segundino G. Chua and concurred in by Justices Vicente V. Mendoza and Fernando A. Santiago), this Court affirmed with modification the lower court's judgment, holding: In resume, there was no meeting of the minds between the parties concerning the sale of the property. Absent such requirement, the claim for specific performance will not lie. Appellants' demand for actual, moral and exemplary damages will likewise fail as there exists no justifiable ground for its award. Summary judgment for defendants was properly granted. Courts may render summary judgment when there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law (Garcia vs. Court of Appeals, 176 SCRA 815). All requisites obtaining, the decision of the court a quo is legally justifiable.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library WHEREFORE, finding the appeal unmeritorious, the judgment appealed from is hereby AFFIRMED, but subject to the following modification: The court a quo in the aforestated decision gave the plaintiffs-appellants the right of first refusal only if the property is sold for a purchase price of Eleven Million pesos or lower; however, considering the mercurial and uncertain forces in our market economy today. We find no reason not to grant the same right of first refusal to herein appellants in the event that the subject property is sold for a price in excess of Eleven Million pesos. No pronouncement as to costs.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library SO ORDERED. The decision of this Court was brought to the Supreme Court by petition for review on certiorari. The Supreme Court denied the appeal on May 6, 1991 "for insufficiency in form and substances" (Annex H, Petition).chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library
1991. 1990. That for and in consideration of the sum of FIFTEEN MILLION PESOS (P15. the same right of first refusal to herein plaintiffs/appellants in the event that the subject property is sold for a price in excess of Eleven Million pesos or more. on appeal to it by private respondent. 1990.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library
. to cancel and set aside the title already issued in favor of Buen Realty Corporation which was previously executed between the latter and defendants and to register the new title in favor of the aforesaid plaintiffs Ang Yu Asuncion. 21123 was pending consideration by this Court. 1991 the corresponding writ of execution (Annex C. receipt of which in full is hereby acknowledged. and elevated to the Supreme Court upon the petition for review and that the same was denied by the highest tribunal in its resolution dated May 6.00). subject to the following terms and conditions: 1.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library It is the observation of the Court that this property in dispute was the subject of the Notice of Lis Pendens and that the modified decision of this Court promulgated by the Court of Appeals which had become final to the effect that should the defendants decide to offer the property for sale for a price of P11 Million or lower. TCT No. CV-21123.R. the Cu Unjieng spouses executed a Deed of Sale (Annex D.On November 15.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library WHEREFORE. 1991 in G. L-97276. except the pending ejectment proceeding. 87-41058 as modified by the Court of Appeals in CA-G.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library The lessees filed a Motion for Execution dated August 27. while CA-G. stating that the aforesaid modified decision had already become final and executory.00 and ordering the Register of Deeds of the City of Manila. defendants are hereby ordered to execute the necessary Deed of Sale of the property in litigation in favor of plaintiffs Ang Yu Asuncion. petitioner as the new owner of the subject property wrote a letter to the lessees demanding that the latter vacate the premises. No.000. let there be Writ of Execution issue in the above-entitled case directing the Deputy Sheriff Ramon Enriquez of this Court to implement said Writ of Execution ordering the defendants among others to comply with the aforesaid Order of this Court within a period of one (1) week from receipt of this Order and for defendants to execute the necessary Deed of Sale of the property in litigation in favor of the plaintiffs Ang Yu Asuncion. CV No. As a consequence. Petition) was issued. 21123. Keh Tiong and Arthur Go. the dispositive portion of which reads: WHEREFORE. 1990 as modified by the Court of Appeals in its decision in CA G. transfers and conveys for and in favor of the VENDEE.R. 1991. Anacleto Magno respectively were duly notified in today's consideration of the motion as evidenced by the rubber stamp and signatures upon the copy of the Motion for Execution.R.000. chanrobles virtual law library 2.R. set aside and declared without force and effect the above questioned orders of the court a quo. CV No. and considering the mercurial and uncertain forces in our market economy today. Keh Tiong and Arthur Go for the consideration of P15 Million pesos in recognition of plaintiffs' right of first refusal and that a new Transfer Certificate of Title be issued in favor of the buyer. TCT No.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library On August 30.000.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library SO ORDERED. the lessees wrote a reply to petitioner stating that petitioner brought the property subject to the notice of lis pendens regarding Civil Case No. 1991. Vicente Sison and Atty. executors. administrators or assigns. As a consequence of the sale. 105254/T-881 in the name of the Cu Unjieng spouses was cancelled and. 1991 of the Decision in Civil Case No. the VENDORS hereby sells.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library All previous transactions involving the same property notwithstanding the issuance of another title to Buen Realty Corporation. 87-41058 annotated on TCT No. had now become final and executory. Antonio Albano.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library SO ORDERED. in lieu thereof. September 27.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library The gist of the motion is that the Decision of the Court dated September 21. respondent Judge issued an order (Annex A. 1 chanrobles virtual law library On 04 December 1991. 1991. 1991 respondent Judge issued another order. 105254/T-881 in the name of the Cu Unjiengs. the above-described property with all the improvements found therein including all the rights and interest in the said property free from all liens and encumbrances of whatever nature. the appellate court. his heirs. Keh Tiong and Arthur Go for the consideration of P15. Petition) quoted as follows: Presented before the Court is a Motion for Execution filed by plaintiff represented by Atty. Both defendants Bobby Cu Unjieng and Rose Cu Unjieng represented by Atty.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library On July 1.000. That the VENDEE shall pay the Documentary Stamp Tax. 195816 was issued in the name of petitioner on December 3. there was an Entry of Judgment by the Supreme Court as of June 6. registration fees for the transfer of title in his favor and other expenses incidental to the sale of above-described property including capital gains tax and accrued real estate taxes. Petition) transferring the property in question to herein petitioner Buen Realty and Development Corporation. On the same day.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library On July 16. is hereby set aside as having been executed in bad faith. On September 22.
the withdrawal is effective immediately after its manifestation. are not considered binding commitments.e. By the contract of sale one of the contracting parties obligates himself to transfer the ownership of and to deliver a determinate thing." a sale is still absolute where the contract is devoid of any proviso that title is reserved or the right to unilaterally rescind is stipulated. 1458. 1157.. as in a pledge or commodatum. until or unless the price is paid. 1479.. for a price certain. vs. it has been intended to be part of the
. This contract is legally binding. for if. either negotiating party may stop the negotiation. renders himself liable for damages for breach of the option. Arias. to give something or to render some service (Art. When the sale is not absolute but conditional. the failure of the condition would prevent such perfection. The stage of consummation begins when the parties perform their respective undertakings under the contract culminating in the extinguishment thereof. on the object and on the cause thereof. . Cua.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library Among the sources of an obligation is a contract (Art. the full payment of the purchase price). The offer. 195816 issued in the name of Buen Realty.. at any time prior to the perfection of the contract. Rural Bank of Parañaque. we might point out some fundamental precepts that may find some relevance to this discussion. when coupled with a valuable consideration distinct and separate from the price. required to be observed (to give. the other party may either waive the condition or refuse to proceed with the sale (Art. An imperfect promise (policitacion) is merely an offer. must not be exercised whimsically or arbitrarily. however. the breach of the condition will prevent the obligation to convey title from acquiring an obligatory force. such as by its mailing and not necessarily when the offeree learns of the withdrawal (Laudico vs. and compliance therewith may accordingly be exacted. particularly. see also Art. Civil Code. which is a meeting of minds between two persons whereby one binds himself. in fact. may be withdrawn. see also Atkins. the concurrence of offer and acceptance. 135 SCRA 409. Article 1458 of the Civil Code provides: Art. care should be taken of the real nature of the consideration given. its perfection and.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library We affirm the decision of the appellate court. with respect to the other. 45 SCRA 368). to deliver and to transfer ownership of a thing or right to another. vs. and it would be a breach of that contract to withdraw the offer during the agreed period. but not the obligation. These relations. The obligation is constituted upon the concurrence of the essential elements thereof. it conforms with the second paragraph of Article 1479 of the Civil Code. Where a period is given to the offeree within which to accept the offer. the prescribed form being thereby an essential element thereof. 5 chanrobles virtual law library An accepted unilateral promise which specifies the thing to be sold and the price to be paid. although denominated a "Deed of Conditional Sale. and in sales. and it is to be distinguished from the projected main agreement (subject matter of the option) which is obviously yet to be concluded. such as in a donation of real property. and observe honesty and good faith. petitioners contend that Buen Realty can be held bound by the writ of execution by virtue of the notice of lis pendens. 1319. 3 If the condition is imposed on the obligation of a party which is not fulfilled. at the time of the latter's purchase of the property on 15 November 1991 from the Cu Unjiengs. its consummation. Atlantic Gulf. 1545.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library An obligation is a juridical necessity to give. Once the option is exercised timely. viewed from the demandability of the obligation. The right to withdraw. can be obligatory on the parties. to buy. The optioner-offeror. in the exercise of his rights and in the performance of his duties.e. A contract which is consensual as to perfection is so established upon a mere meeting of minds. A negotiation is formally initiated by an offer. the contract is perfected when a person.g. . by communicating that withdrawal to the offeree (see Art. however.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library An accepted unilateral promise to buy or to sell a determinate thing for a price certain is binding upon the promissor if the promise is supported by a consideration distinct from the price. Court of Appeals (158 SCRA 375). we have said that. (1451a) 6 chanrobles virtual law library Observe. as long as the object is made determinate and the price is fixed.. act with justice. A contract undergoes various stages that include its negotiation or preparation. called the buyer. is commonly referred to as a real contract.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library Until the contract is perfected. Rigos. 4 chanrobles virtual law library An unconditional mutual promise to buy and sell. Civil Code). as an independent source of obligation. 249. the following rules generally govern: chanrobles virtual law library (1) If the period is not itself founded upon or supported by a consideration. however. Inc. Ownership will then be transferred to the buyer upon actual or constructive delivery (e. e.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library A contract of sale may be absolute or conditional. holding that this rule is applicable to a unilateral promise to sell under Art. to which the topic for discussion about the case at bench belongs. in addition to the above. 8 chanrobles virtual law library Let us elucidate a little. serve as a binding juridical relation. obligates himself. and the other to pay therefor a price certain in money or its equivalent. is what may properly be termed a perfected contract of option. 102 Phil. quasi-contracts. the offer is accepted before a breach of the option. Public advertisements or solicitations and the like are ordinarily construed as mere invitations to make offers or only as proposals. to do or not to do). the offeror is still free and has the right to withdraw the offer before its acceptance. it could give rise to a damage claim under Article 19 of the Civil Code which ordains that "every person must. Thus. is essential in order to make the act valid. at this stage." chanrobles virtual law library (2) If the period has a separate consideration. 270). otherwise. called the seller. . (b) the object which is the prestation or conduct. 1305. carried over on TCT No. to do or not to do (Art. Civil Code. however. by the execution of a public document) of the property sold. the latter may not sue for specific performance on the proposed contract ("object" of the option) since it has failed to reach its own stage of perfection. a purchase option and a contract to sell. 97 Phil. the optioner-offeror withdraws the offer before its acceptance (exercise of the option) by the optionee-offeree. a contract of "option" is deemed perfected. that the option is not the contract of sale itself. i. is an independent contract by itself. Negotiation covers the period from the time the prospective contracting parties indicate interest in the contract to the time the contract is concluded (perfected). A contract which requires. the delivery of the object of the agreement. i. Where the condition is imposed upon the perfection of the contract itself. a bilateral promise to sell and to buy ensues and both parties are then reciprocally bound to comply with their respective undertakings.. In sales. are the active (obligee) and the passive (obligor) subjects. viz: (a) The vinculum juris or juridical tie which is the efficient cause established by the various sources of obligations (law. compliance with certain formalities prescribed by law. Civil Code). For ready reference. Civil Code). delicts and quasi-delicts). 1324. 7 The optionee has the right.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library A not too recent development in real estate transactions is the adoption of such arrangements as the right of first refusal. contracts. 1479. before the offeror's coming to know of such fact. or. in fact. give everyone his due. In a solemn contract. modifying the previous decision in South Western Sugar vs. and (c) the subject-persons who. viz: Art. finally. it cannot. Remolado. Civil Code).g. The perfection of the contract takes place upon the concurrence of the essential elements thereof. until a contract is perfected. If. Sanchez vs.In this petition for review on certiorari. 1156. if an acceptance has been made. 43 Phil. 948. 2 In Dignos vs. Kroll & Co. such as in a "Contract to Sell" where invariably the ownership of the thing sold is retained until the fulfillment of a positive suspensive condition (normally. over which the latter agrees. The option. In these cases.
87-41058. cannot be held subject to the writ of execution issued by respondent Judge. there was nothing in said decision 13 that decreed the execution of a deed of sale between the Cu Unjiengs and respondent lessees. Prior thereto. understood in its normal concept. let alone ousted from the ownership and possession of the property. the remedy is not a writ of execution on the judgment.R. or possibly of an offer under Article 1319 9 of the same Code. It is likewise quite obvious to us that the decision in Civil Case No. it cannot be deemed a perfected contract of sale under Article 1458 of the Civil Code. the exercise of the right. In a right of first refusal. Civil Code).chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library WHEREFORE. CA. it can at best be so described as merely belonging to a class of preparatory juridical relations governed not by contracts (since the essential elements to establish the vinculum juris would still be indefinite and inconclusive) but by. 8741058. an unjustified disregard thereof. has acted in good faith or bad faith and whether or not it should. a similar instance would be an "earnest money" in a contract of sale that can evidence its perfection (Art. of the court a quo. among other laws of general application. whether private respondent Buen Realty Development Corporation. An option or an offer would require. Costs against petitioners. As already stated. since there is none to execute. in this regard. while the object might be made determinate. Neither can the right of first refusal. nor would it sanction an action for specific performance without thereby negating the indispensable element of consensuality in the perfection of contracts. The Court of Appeals. IAC. that obviously are yet to be later firmed up. aforequoted. or the fixing of the price of the sale. the pertinent scattered provisions of the Civil Code on human conduct. for instance. that the right of first refusal would be inconsequential for. Needless to point out. like here. as it is here so conveyed to us. The consequence of such a declaration entails no more than what has heretofore been said. 137 SCRA 730.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library Even on the premise that such right of first refusal has been decreed under a final judgment. Pastor vs. among other things.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library Furthermore. has merely accorded a "right of first refusal" in favor of petitioners. 10 a clear certainty on both the object and the cause or consideration of the envisioned contract. the alleged purchaser of the property.
. the questioned writ of execution is in variance with the decision of the trial court as modified by this Court. the circumstances expressed in Article 19 12 of the Civil Code. 87-41058 could not have decreed at the time the execution of any deed of sale between the Cu Unjiengs and petitioners. including the price. petitioners are aggrieved by the failure of private respondents to honor the right of first refusal. the so-called "right of first refusal" is an innovative juridical relation. not having been impleaded in Civil Case No. dated 30 August 1991 and 27 September 1991. Buen Realty. 147 SCRA 516. De Guzman vs. 122 SCRA 885). CA. later affirmed in CA-G. 87-41058. but an action for damages in a proper forum for the purpose. per se be brought within the purview of an option under the second paragraph of Article 1479. without first being duly afforded its day in court. its breach cannot justify correspondingly an issuance of a writ of execution under a judgment that merely recognizes its existence. Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila vs. 11 It is not to say.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library We are also unable to agree with petitioners that the Court of Appeals has erred in holding that the writ of execution varies the terms of the judgment in Civil Case No. CV-21123. 87-41058 are matters that must be independently addressed in appropriate proceedings.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library SO ORDERED. it must be stressed. IAC. would be dependent not only on the grantor's eventual intention to enter into a binding juridical relation with another but also on terms. 1482. be considered bound to respect the registration of the lis pendens in Civil Case No. can warrant a recovery for damages.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library In the law on sales. has observed: Finally. given.consideration for the main contract with a right of withdrawal on the part of the optionee. or the cancellation of title in the name of petitioner (Limpin vs. in any case. however. In fine. such as already intimated above.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library The final judgment in Civil Case No. if. 143 SCRA 311. we UPHOLD the Court of Appeals in ultimately setting aside the questioned Orders. the main contract could be deemed perfected. however.
1157). its consummation. there was no contact of sale at all.
RULING: No. wrote to the lessees demanding the latter to vacate the premises. et al.Since defendants failed to specify the terms and conditions of the offer to sell and because of information received that the defendants were about to sell the property. COURT OF APPEALS 238 SCRA 602
FACTS: On July 29. they sent another letter with the same request. as an independent source of obligation. obligates himself. (b) the object which is the prestation or conduct. On several conditions defendants informed the plaintiffs that they are offering to sell the premises and are giving them priority to acquire the same.ANG YU ASUNCION VS. required to observed. for a price certain. In sales.
. to give something or to render some service. its perfection and. Manila. finally. hence. The plaintiffs were tenants or lessees of residential and commercial spaces owned by defendants in Binondo. Buen Realty. viz: (a) the vinculum juris or juridical tie which is the efficient cause established by the various sources of obligations. a Second Amended Complaint for Specific Performance was filed by Ang Yu Asuncion and Keh Tiong. and (c) the subject-persons who.. Until the contract is perfected. with respect to the other. which is a meeting of minds between two persons whereby one binds himself. Buen Realty cannot be held subject to the writ of execution issued by the respondent Judge. serve as a binding juridical relation. over which the latter agrees. the Cu Unjieng spouses executed a Deed of Sale transferring the property in question to Buen Realty and Development Corporation. During negotiations. Plaintiff thereafter asked the defendants to put their offer in writing to which the defendants acceded. the contract is perfected when a person. viewed demandability of the obligation are the active (oblige) and the passive (obligor) subjects. to do or not to do (Art. 1987. In reply to defendants¶ letter. called the buyer.Therefore. Among the sources of an obligation is a contract (Art. 1990. to which the case at bench belongs. plaintiffs were compelled to file the complaint to compel defendants to sell the property to them. asking that they specify the terms and conditions of the offer to sell. Civil Code). The obligation is upon the concurrence of the essential elements thereof. 1156. Bobby Cu Unjieng offered a price of P6-million while plaintiffs made a counter of offer of P5-million. it cannot. The court dismissed the complaint on the ground that the parties did not agree upon the terms and conditions of the proposed sale. On November 15. let alone ousted from the ownership and possession of the property. as the new owner of the subject property. In its reply. The registration of lis pendens must be independently addressed in appropriate proceedings. particularly. it stated that Buen Realty and Development Corporation brought the property subject to the notice of lis pendens.An obligation is a juridical necessity to give. against Bobby Cu Unjieng and Jose Tan before the Regional Trial Court of Manila. without first being duly afforded its day in court. plaintiffs wrote. When the plaintiffs did not receive any reply. to deliver and to transfer ownership of a thing or right to another. A contract undergoes various stages that include its negotiation or preparation. called the seller.
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