Source: https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-1st-circuit/1465431.html
Timestamp: 2019-12-13 00:54:58
Document Index: 542944361

Matched Legal Cases: ['§\u2002158', '§\u2002152', '§\u2002160', '§\u2002152', '§\u2002152', '§\u2002151', '§\u2002152', '§\u2002152']

HOSPITAL GENERAL MENONITA v. UFCW 481 | FindLaw
HOSPITAL GENERAL MENONITA v. UFCW 481
HOSPITAL GENERAL MENONITA, Petitioner, Cross-Respondent, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Respondent, Cross-Petitioner, Federación Central De Trabajadores UFCW Local 481, Intervener.
No. 03-2734.
Before TORRUELLA, LIPEZ, and HOWARD, Circuit Judges. Julio I. Lugo-Muñoz, with whom Lespier, Muñoz Noya & Rivera, was on brief, for petitioner. Ruth E. Burdick, Attorney, with whom Robert J. Englehart, Supervisory Attorney, Arthur F. Rosenfeld, General Counsel, John E. Higgins, Jr., Deputy General Counsel, John H. Ferguson, Associate General Counsel, Aileen A. Armstrong, Deputy Associate General Counsel, were on brief, for respondent. Renee L. Bowser, was on brief, for intervener.
This case is before us on the petition of Hospital General Menonita (“Hospital”) to review, and the cross-application of the National Labor Relations Board (“Board”) to enforce, a Board order against the Hospital. The Board's Decision and Order was issued on November 26, 2003, and is reported at 340 N.L.R.B. 133 (2003).
I. Preliminary shadow boxing
The Board's Order is based in part on findings made in the underlying representation proceedings in Board Cases Nos. 9-RC-17602 and 24-RC-8204. In those proceedings, the Federación Central de Trabajadores, UFCW, Local 481, AFL-CIO (“Union”),1 filed a representation petition with the Board seeking to represent a bargaining unit composed of the Hospital's registered nurses (“RNs”). The request was opposed by the Hospital, which alleged that the RNs were statutorily excluded from the provisions of Section 9 of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 158 (regulating representation of employees by labor organizations for collective bargaining purposes), by reason of their supervisory status within the meaning of that term as defined in Section 2(11) of the Act. 29 U.S.C. § 152(11).2 A hearing was held, in which evidence was taken. As a result of the hearing, the Board's Regional Director issued a decision to the effect that the RNs were not supervisors but were employees entitled to Section 9 representation, and ordered an election to determine whether a majority of the employees in a unit composed of RNs would choose to be represented by the Union for collective bargaining purposes. The Hospital filed a timely request for review of the decision.
This request did not stay the election, and on March 21, 2002 the Regional Director of the Board conducted a secret-ballot vote among “[a]ll registered nurses employed” at the Hospital's facility in Cayey, Puerto Rico. Pending resolution of the request for review, however, the ballots were impounded by the Regional Director.
The Board's determination regarding the non-supervisory status of the RNs is entitled to judicial deference “unless those findings fail to derive support from substantial evidence in the record as a whole.” Edward St. Daycare Ctr., Inc. v. NLRB, 189 F.3d 40, 46 (1st Cir.1999) (quoting Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474, 488, 71 S.Ct. 456, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951) (holding that if the Board's findings are supported by substantial evidence on the record, a reviewing court may not displace the Board's choice between two fairly conflicting views, even if the court “would justifiably have made a different choice had the matter been before it de novo”)); see also 29 U.S.C. § 160(e).
In reviewing the Board's findings and conclusions on the conduct of elections, the Board is entitled to a “wide degree of discretion” in establishing what “safeguards [are] necessary to insure [that the outcome reflects a] fair and free choice of bargaining representatives by employees.” NLRB v. A.J. Tower Co., 329 U.S. 324, 330, 67 S.Ct. 324, 91 L.Ed. 322 (1946); accord NLRB v. Reg'l Home Care Servs., Inc., 237 F.3d 62, 66-67 (1st Cir.2001). The party “claiming taint of an election [that it seeks to] set aside, bears the burden of proof on the issue,” id. at 67, and is required to establish that the Board has abused its discretion in concluding otherwise.
B. The Supervisory Status of the RNs
In NLRB v. Kentucky River Community Care, Inc., 532 U.S. 706, 713, 121 S.Ct. 1861, 149 L.Ed.2d 939 (2001), the Supreme Court restated the three-part test for determining the statutory definition of a “supervisor” under Section 2(11) of the Act:
Employees are statutory supervisors if (1)they hold the authority to engage in any 1 of the 12 listed supervisory functions, (2) their ‘exercise of such authority is not of a merely routine or clerical nature, but requires the use of independent judgement,’ and (3) their authority is held ‘in the interest of the employer.'
Id. at 713, 121 S.Ct. 1861 (quoting 29 U.S.C. § 152(11)). Thus, the duties of the Hospital's RNs must satisfy all three of Kentucky River's prongs before the RNs can be considered supervisors within the statutory exclusion of Section 2(11).4 In this case, whether or not the Board's determination of the RNs' non-supervisory status is legally a close one, it is supported by substantial evidence on the record, and thus must be sustained. While we discuss only the principal findings of the Board, suffice it to say that we are satisfied that the Board's other findings all meet the legal standards required by the Act.
The twelve supervisory functions in Section 2(11), referred to in Kentucky River, 532 U.S. at 713, 121 S.Ct. 1861, are “to hire, transfer, suspend, lay off, recall, promote, discharge, assign, reward, or discipline other employees, or responsibly direct them, or to adjust their grievances, or effectively recommend such action.” 29 U.S.C. § 152(11). Not all of these functions are at issue in this case, and thus, our discussion will be limited to the functions in dispute.5
The statutory term “independent judgment,” which is part of the definition of supervisor, is, as the Supreme Court has recognized, “ambiguous with respect to the degree of discretion required for supervisory status.” 532 U.S. at 713, 121 S.Ct. 1861. “[T]he mere fact that an employee gives other employees instructions from time to time does not ․ render him ․ a supervisor.” Edward St. Daycare, 189 F.3d at 48 (quoting Telemundo de P.R. v. NLRB, 113 F.3d 270, 274 (1st Cir.1997)).
The Hospital argues that the RNs are supervisors in that they assign work to employees, but the record shows that they do so by consensus among those who will be affected by the assignments. We have held that the assignment of work through a cooperative process such as this does not meet the criteria of “independent judgment” required by the Act. Id. at 47, 50.
On the issue of supervising care, the Board found that any discretion exercised by the staff RNs in directing patient care tasks of licensed practical nurses (“LPNs”) and technicians was constrained by physicians' orders and detailed protocols which set forth in detail the diagnostic and treatment standards, in effect, negating the need for any meaningful supervisory discretionary supervision by the RNs. This is precisely what the Supreme Court meant when, in Kentucky River, it indicated that discretion may be reduced below the supervisory threshold by detailed orders and regulations. 532 U.S. at 713-4, 121 S.Ct. 1861. In fact, the record further shows that the RNs have no independent discretion in determining which technician will perform what work. The RNs simply pass on the order for the work prescribed by the attending physician, and the technician on duty to do that kind of work carries out the appropriate test. The results are then provided to the physician for appropriate professional evaluation and use. This scenario is sufficient to support a conclusion that the RNs do not supervise the work of the LPNs or technicians by reason of their assigning work or tasks to them. This result is bolstered by the lack of any evidence demonstrating that the RNs are or have been held responsible for the work or performance of the technicians or LPNs. The lack of such evidence is significant, because we have held that an important indicator of supervisorship is that in overseeing an employee one becomes responsible for the errors of that employee. Maine Yankee Atomic Power Co. v. NLRB, 624 F.2d 347, 361 (1st Cir.1980). This court also notes that if RNs are considered supervisors, then there would be 1.96 supervisors per employee (an unusually top heavy organizational structure), whereas if they are not supervisors, then there would be approximately one supervisor for every eight employees. Undoubtedly, the Board reached the correct conclusion on this point. Kentucky River reaffirmed what has been the law for some time: it is “within the Board's discretion to determine, within reason, what scope of discretion qualifies” an individual as having supervisory status. 532 U.S. at 713, 121 S.Ct. 1861. That discretion has been exercised by the Board in this case with considerable support in the record.
C. The Conduct of the Election
The essence of the Hospital's claim concerning the conduct of the election is that the Union distributed copies of the official Board sample ballot, defaced with a “Yes” box marked with an “X”, without identifying on the ballots the source of the defacement and thereby creating the misleading impression that the Board favored the Union. The record is undisputed that a Union representative reproduced and distributed a facsimile of a sample ballot 6 marked “Yes” at the Hospital's only entry and exit point shortly before the election was held. The Union was not identified in any manner on the facsimile ballot as being the source of the same. The specific issue presented was thus whether this leaflet had the tendency to mislead the eligible employees into believing that the Board favored the Union.
1. A “labor organization” within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, 29 U.S.C. §§ 151 et seq. (“Act”).
2. “The term ‘supervisor’ means any individual having authority, in the interest of the employer, to hire, transfer, suspend, lay off, recall, promote, discharge, assign, reward, or discipline other employees, or responsibly to direct them, or to adjust their grievances, or effectively to recommend such action, if in connection with the foregoing the exercise of such authority is not of a merely routine or clerical nature, but requires the use of independent judgment.” 29 U.S.C. § 152(11).
3. “It shall be an unfair labor practice for an employer-(1) to interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in section 157 of this title; ․ (5) to refuse to bargain collectively with the representatives of his employees, subject to the provisions of section 159(a) of this title.” 29 U.S.C. 158(a)(1), (5).
4. It is worth noting that in enacting Section 2(11) of the Act, Congress emphasized its intention that only supervisory personnel vested with “genuine management prerogatives” should be considered supervisors, and not “straw bosses, leadmen, set-up men and other minor supervisory employees.” NLRB v. Health Care & Retirement Corp. of Am., 511 U.S. 571, 587-88, 114 S.Ct. 1778, 128 L.Ed.2d 586 (quoting S.Rep. No. 80-105, at 4 (1947), reprinted in 1 N.L.R.B., Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, 410 (1948)).
5. The requirements of 29 U.S.C. § 152(11) are disjunctive, and so any of the enumerated powers may signify supervisory status. See N.E. Utils. Serv. Corp. v. NLRB, 35 F.3d 621, 624 (1st Cir.1994). In this case, however, there is apparently no allegation that the RNs “hire,” “transfer,” “suspend,” “layoff,” “recall,” “promote,” “discharge,” “reward,” or “adjust [the] grievances” of employees.
6. More accurately, as is depicted by the exhibit in evidence, what was reproduced was the Board's notice of elections which contains information directed at employees, such as a description of who was eligible to vote, the time and place where they could vote, and a copy of a blank ballot, which in this case was marked with an “x” in the “Yes” box.
7. To resolve such questions, the Board has developed a two-part test. First, it inquires whether the “altered ballot ․ on its face clearly identifies the party responsible for its preparation,” in which case it is per se unobjectionable. SDC Invs., Inc., 274 N.L.R.B. 556, 557 (1985). If not, the Board engages in a fact-specific inquiry of “the nature and contents of the material,” id., and the “circumstances of distribution.” 3-Day Blinds, Inc., 325 N.L.R.B. 1220, 1221 n. 7 (1990); see also Kwik Care Ltd. v. NLRB, 82 F.3d 1122, 1128-29 (D.C.Cir.1996) (describing this two-part test and finding Board's application of it reasonable).