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1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC First edition I 5 Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about I,5 Mbit/s - Part 4: Compliance testing Technologies de I informa tion - Codage de / image animbe et du son associ6 pour les supports de stockage numgrique jusqu% environ 1,5 Mbit/s - Partie 4: Essais de conformit Reference number &O/I EC : 1995(E)
2 lso/iec : 1995 (E) Contents Page Foreword... iii Introduction... iv Section 1: General Scope Normative references... 1 Section 2: Technical elements Definitions Symbols and abbreviations Bitstream characteristics Decoder characteristics Procedures to test bitstream compliance Procedures to test decoder compliance Annexes A Definition of audio decoder tests B Descriptions of the ISO/IEC (MPEG) audio test bitstreams ISO/IEC 1995 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISO/IEC Copyright Office l Case Postale 56 l CH1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland. ii
3 0 ISOAEC lso/iec : 1995 (E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for world-wide standardization. National Bodies that are members of IS0 and IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. IS0 and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS0 and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, IS0 and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. ISO/IEC consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s: - Part I: Systems - Part 2: Video - Part 3: Audio - Part 4: Compliance testing Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC Annex B is for information only
4 lso/iec : 1995 (E) 0 ISOAEC Introduction This International Standard was prepared by ISO/IEC JTClISC29NVGll also known as MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group). MPEG was formed in 1988 to establish an International Standard for the coded representation of moving pictures and associated audio stored on digital storage media. Parts 1,2 and 3 of this International Standard were unanimously approved by the participating National Bodies in November This International Standard is published in four parts. Part 1 - Systems - specifies the system coding layer of the standard. It defines a multiplexed structure for combining audio and video data and means of representing the timing information needed to replay synchronized sequences in real-time. Part 2 - video - specifies the coded representation of video data and the decoding process required to reconstruct pictures. Part 3 - audio - specifies the coded representation of audio data and the decoding process required to reconstruct audio. Part 4 - compliance testing - specifies procedures to determine characteristics of coded bitstreams and to test compliance of bitstreams and decoders with the requirements specified in Parts 1, 2 and 3. Parts 1,2 and 3 of ISO/IEC specify a multiplex structure and coded representations of audiovisual information. Parts 1, 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC allow for large flexibility, achieving suitability of this International Standard for many different applications. The flexibility is obtained by including parameters in the bitstream that define the characteristics of coded bitstreams. Examples are the audio sampling frequency, picture size, picture rate and bitrate parameters. This part of ISO/IEC specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders meet the requirements as specified in parts 1,2 and 3 of ISO/IEC These tests can be used for various purposes such as: manufacturers of encoders, and customers, can use the tests to verify whether the encoder produces valid bitstreams. manufacturers of decoders and their customers can use the tests to verify whether the decoder meets the requirements specified in parts 1,2 and 3 of ISO/IEC for the claimed decoder capabilities. applications can use the tests to verify whether the characteristics of a given bitstream meet the application requirements, for example whether the size of the coded picture does not exceed the maximum value allowed for the application.
5 INTERNATIONAL SO/ EC lso/iec : 1995 (E) Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about I,5 Mbit/s - Part 4: Compliance testing Section 1: General 1.1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders meet requirements specified in parts 1,2 and 3 of ISO/IEC In this part of ISO/IEC 11172, encoders are not addressed specifically. An encoder is entitled to be an ISO/IEC encoder if it generates bitstreams compliant with the syntactic and semantic bitstream requirements specified in parts 1,2 and 3 of ISO/IEC Characteristics of coded bitstreams and decoders are defined for parts 1,2 and 3 of ISO/IEC The characteristics of a bitstream define the subset of the standard that is exploited in the bitstream. Examples are the applied values or range of the picture size and bitrate parameters. Decoder characteristics define the properties and capabilities of the applied decoding process. An example of a property is the applied arithmetic accuracy. The capabilities of a decoder specify which coded bitstreams the decoder can decode and reconstruct, by defining the subset of the standard that may be exploited in decodable bitstreams. A bitstream can be decoded by a decoder if the characteristics of the coded bitstream are within the subset of the standard specified by the decoder capabilities. Procedures are descibed for testing compliance of bitstreams and decoders to the requirements defined in parts 1, 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC Given the set of characteristics claimed, the requirements that must be met are fully determined by parts 1,2 and 3 of ISO/IEC This part of ISO/IEC summarizes the requirements, cross references them to characteristics, and defines how compliance with them can be tested. Guidelines are given how to construct tests and determine their outcome. Some actual tests are defined only for audio. 1.2 Normative references The following International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/IEC : 1993 Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 MbitLs - Part I: Systems. ISO/IEC : 1993 Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about I,5 Mbit/,, - Part 2: Video. ISO/IEC : 1993 Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 MbitLs - Part 3: Audio. 1
6 ISOAEC I : 1995 (E) 0 ISOAEC CCIR Recommendation Encoding parameters of digital television for studios. CCIR Report Characteristics of systems for monochrome and colour television. CCIR Recommendation 648 Recording of audio signals. CCIR Report Sound broadcasting by satellite for portable and mobile receivers, including Annex IV Summary description of Advanced Digital System II. CCITT Recommendation J. 17 Pre-emphasis used on Sound-Programme Circuits. IEEE Draft Standard P118O/D Specification for the implementation of 8x8 inverse discrete cosine transform : IEC publication 908: 1987 CD Digital Audio System. Section 2: Technical elements 2.1 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 11172, the following definitions apply. If the definition is specific to a part, this is noted in square brackets ac coefficient [video]: Any DCT coefficient for which the frequency in one or both dimensions is non-zero access unit [system]: In the case of compressed audio an access unit is an audio access unit. In the case of compressed video an access unit is the coded representation of a picture adaptive segmentation variable segments of time. [audio]: A subdivision of the digital representation of an audio signal adaptive bit allocation [audio]: The assignment of bits to subbands in a time and frequency varying fashion according to a psychoacoustic model time adaptive noise allocation [audio]: The assignment of coding noise to frequency bands in a and frequency varying fashion according to a psychoacoustic model alias [audio]: Mirrored signal component resulting from sub-nyquist sampling analysis filterbank [audio]: Filterbank in the encoder that transforms a broadband PCM audio signal into a set of subsampled subband samples audio access unit [audio]: For Layers I and II an audio access unit is defined as the smallest part of the encoded bitstream which can be decoded by itself, where decoded means fully reconstructed sound. For Layer III an audio access unit is part of the bitstream that is decodable with the use of previously acquired main information audio buffer [audio]: A buffer in the system target decoder for storage of compressed audio data audio sequence [audio]: A non-interrupted series of audio frames in which the following parameters are not changed: - ID - Layer - Sampling Frequency - For Layer I and II: Bitrate index backward motion vector [video]: A motion vector that is used for motion compensation from a reference picture at a later time in display order. 2