Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/300107104/Fire-Safety-Requirements-for-Ships
Timestamp: 2019-01-17 05:07:19
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Fire Safety Requirements for Ships | Combustion | Firefighting
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Fire Safety Requirements for Ship/ Naval07
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• Fundamental Fire safety Requirements in SOLAS and FTP Code
•Possible input from TRANAFEU to IMO
Fire Safety ISO standards in
ISOTC92SC1
•Possible input from TRANSFEU to ISOTC92SC1
Previous-chairman, IMO Fire Protection Sub-Committee
Chairman, ISO/TC92/SC1: Fire safety – Fire initiation and growth
FUNDAMNENTAL REQUIREMENTS ON FIRE SAFETY OF
SHIPS （SOLAS Convention)
• International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).
• SOLAS chapter II-2 “Construction - Fire protection, fire detection and fire
• SOLAS chapter II-2 has been developed and revised at IMO (International
Maritime Organization) and its Sub-Committee for Fire Protection (FP) and
• SOLAS chapter II-2 was revised comprehensively in 2000
2 reduce the risk to life caused by fire. . and . control and suppress fire and explosion in the compartment of origin.FUNDAMNENTAL REQUIREMENTS ON FIRE SAFETY OF SHIPS （SOLAS Convention) regulation 2 of chapter II-2 of SOLAS The fire safety objectives of this chapter are to: . .5 provide adequate and readily accessible means of escape for passengers and crew.4 contain.1 prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion.3 reduce the risk of damage caused by fire to the ship. . its cargo and the environment. .
6 protection of means of escape and access for fire fighting. 5 containment and extinction of any fire in the space of origin. 2 separation of accommodation spaces from the remainder of the ship by thermal and structural boundaries. 7 ready availability of fire-extinguishing appliances. 4 detection of any fire in the zone of origin. . 3 restricted use of combustible materials. and 8 minimization of possibility of ignition of flammable cargo vapour.FUNDAMNENTAL REQUIREMENTS ON FIRE SAFETY OF SHIPS （SOLAS Convention) regulation 2 of chapter II-2 of SOLAS functional requirements 1 division of the ship into main vertical and horizontal zones by thermal and structural boundaries.
Reg. Regulation. special category and ro-ro spaces.19 Carriage of dangerous goods. Reg.9 Containment of fire.11 Structural integrity Part D Escape Reg. Reg.6 Smoke and toxicity Part C Suppression of Fire Reg.Structure of SOLAS Chapter II-2 Part A General Regulation 1 Application.15 Instructions.17 Part G Alternative design and arrangements Special requirements Reg. Reg. Reg.3 Definitions Part B Prevention of fire and explosion Reg.10 Fire fighting. Reg.2 general principles. Reg.7. Reg. Reg.4 Probability of Ignition.16 Operations Part F Alternative design and arrangements Reg.8 Control of smoke spread. detection and alarm. Reg.14 Operational readiness and maintenance. safe return to port and safe areas.21 Casualty threshold.18 Helicopter facilities.22 Design criteria for systems to remain operational after a fire casualty. Reg.23 Safety centre on passenger ships . onboard training and drills. Reg.20 Protection of vehicle. Regulation. Reg.5 Fire growth potentials.12 Notification of crew and passengers. Reg.13 Means of escape Part E Operational requirements Reg.
Bulkheads. upholstered furniture and bedding components and films. and Detailed requirements are specified in International Code of Application of Fire Test Procedures (FTP Code) .FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS USED ON BOARD SHIPS (regulation 5 and 6) 1 2 3 4 Non-combustibility for fire protection construction (Decks. etc. Doors. (cables to be added near future) Ignitability of curtains. Ceilings. cables to be added near future) Limitation of smoke and toxic gas production for surface finishes. floorings. Wall partitions.) Low flame-spread characteristics for surface finishes including paints. plastics pipes. plastics pipes. hanging textiles. Decks. floorings.
FIRE TEST PROCEDURES CODE (FTP CODE) Part 2 Smoke and toxicity test Criteria for smoke. HF < 600 ppm. . HCN < 140 ppm. Dm < 200 for surface of wall and ceiling Dm < 400 for primary deck covering. reference: ISO 5659-2 gas measurement using FTIR (ISO/DIS 21489) I Valve IMO needs to further improve FTP Code Part 2 for smoke and Toxicity. NO2 < 350 ppm. and is waiting for any Proposal from TRANSFEU. plastic pipes and electric cables Dm < 500 for floor covering Criteria for toxic gases CO < 1450 ppm. HCl < 600 ppm. HBr < 600 ppm. 5 6 7 Filter Heated pipe 8 Filter 9 FTIR F 1 Cell 0 1 Pump 1 1 Flow2meter 4 Smoke chamber 1 3Electric heater 2 Specimen . SO2 < 120 ppm (200 ppm for floor coverings) .
652(16) Criteria: not to ignite by a small flame source (DIN small burner) Revision: no change Part 8 Test for upholstered furniture reference: IMO A.687(17) Criteria: not to ignite by a specified cigarette and small flame source Revision: Specification of cigarette ignition source will be harmonized with Part 9. Part 9 Test for bedding components reference: IMO A.FIRE TEST PROCEDURES CODE (FTP CODE) Part 6 Primary deck coverings test reference: ISO 5658-2 Criteria: same as floor materials Revision: to be merged into Part 5 Part 7 Test for vertically supported textiles and films reference: IMO A.688(17) Criteria: not to ignite by a specified cigarette and small flame source Revision: no significant change Part 7 Part 8 Part 9 .
IMO and ISO on Fire Protection IMO IMO FP Sub-Committee SOLAS chapter II-2 Fire Protection Fire Test Procedures Code FTO Code Fire Safety Systems Code: FSS Code ISO standards for Fire test Procedures and Fire safety assessment ISO/TC61/SC4 Plastics/Burning behaviour ISO/TC92/SC1 Fire safety ISO ISO standards for On board Fire safety system ISO/TC8/SC1 Ship and marine technology .
. lighting system. luggage shelf) This does not cover fire safety in sleeping compartment.Possible input from TRANSFEU to IMO Target products of evaluation Common products for surface transportation vehicles • Seating • Curtain • Ceiling. . Wall and partition surface (floor covering?) • Table • Other interior components (e.g.
if fitted.Application to surface transportation vehicles • Data base of fire performance of each component can be developed and used in any application. • Ships and high-speed water craft shall have sprinkler system and fire detection and alarm system. • Performance of emergency air/gas exhaust system. . No uniform application of fire performance (either ranking or classification) can be applicable to all vehicles. can be taken into account. • Actual design of vehicles may differ significantly by volume and dimensions.
Fire scenario for consideration • No possibility of self-ignition? • If power source is accommodated. possibility of initiation by the power source should be considered. • Smoking is prohibited in enclosure of vehicle • Ignition by arsonist – Size of ignition source • Cigarette lighters • Papers ignited by lighters and/or alcohol Need to specify the ignition source for evaluation. possibly Seating and table: 75kW burner on the seat and alcohol fire underneath Curtain: cigarette lighter Wall and ceiling surface (and possibly curtain): 40 kW/m2 in 250mm diameter Other product: to be decided .
Performance criteria • Product shall not ignite by the ignition source. – by the power source accommodated in the product. – by arsonist ignition source or • Product shall not spread the fire to the neighbor products – Limited flame spread within the component – Heat release and total heat release rate shall not exceed criteria to be developed and • Product shall not give off smoke and gases which result in serious danger in the vehicle .
For seating. heat release. then.Data necessary for evaluation • Full scale product fire test would be required. • ISO 5658-4 or ISO 21367. smoke generation and gas generation by FTIR at For surface finish. table and other components • ISO 9705. ISO 24473 or • Furniture calorimeter or smaller scale compartment fire test method may be developed to measure heat release up to 500 kW or 1MW for smaller products such as tables and lighting systems. – Ignitability test by the ignition source If ignited. – Flame spread. . • Measurement resolution should be in order of 1kW.
immovability of people in smoke . • If emergency exhaust system is installed. – On the assumption of • All the smoke and gases are accumulated in the compartment. FEC.Evaluation on hazard of smoke and gases • Evaluation on each design of vehicle shall be done using the test data and designed volume of the vehicle and its compartment. the performance of emergency air/gas exhaust system can be taken into account – Against FED.
Possible input from TRANSFEU to IMO • Bench scale test protocol using ISO5659-2 and continuous FTIR gas measurement for improvement of IMO FTP Code Part 2 (Smoke and gas) • Fire scenario and design fire for seating and related components as a new approach of fire safety of ships and watercrafts .
EC representative to IMO • EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency) is the EC representative to IMO. London SW1P 3EU.emsa. 32 Smith Square. 1249206 Lisboa. . Marten Koopmans Senior Project Officer in the field of International Relations Implementation EMSA Head Office Cais do Sodré.europa. Portugal TRANSFEU results and proposals can be inputted to IMO through EMSA. UK Tel: +44 20 7973 1909 Fax: +44 20 7973 1900 http://www.eu Mr.
Fire safety Engineering ISO/TC92 (SC1) Fire Safety Evaluation System Design of vehicle Fire scenario & Design fire Defined Test method Fire test data of components Establish Safety goal Simulation Calculation and Evaluation Specified Methodolog y APPROV AL Ignitability Fire spread Smoke and gases Movement of people Fire safety systems .
open calorimetry. • NWIP on smaller furniture calorimeter or smaller scale compartment fire test method to measure heat release up to 500 kW or 1MW with measurement resolution of 1kW . room fire test..Possible input from TRANSFEU to ISO/TC92(Fire safety) and its SC1 (Fire initiation and growth) • NWIP on continuous gas measurement using FTIR during fire tests (e.g. single smoke chamber test. cable fire test) • NWIP on Fire scenario and design fire for seating and related components in surface vehicles.
Thank you Chaired IMO FP from 1994 to 2003 Chairing ISO TC92 SC1(Fire Safety/Fire Initiation and Growth) Chairing ISO TC8 SC2 (Marine Environment protection) .
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