Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102958740B/en
Timestamp: 2020-05-31 13:32:06
Document Index: 731131721

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 30', 'art 30', 'art 30', 'art 30', 'art 30', 'art 150', 'art 150', 'art 150', 'art 150', 'art 150', 'art 210', 'art 200', 'art 200', 'art 200', 'art 270', 'art 200', 'art 270', 'art 200', 'art 210', 'art 150', 'art 200', 'art 210', 'art 200', 'art 210', 'art 270', 'art; 35', 'art; 200']

CN102958740B - Electrically driven vehicle and method of controlling thereof - Google Patents
Electrically driven vehicle and method of controlling thereof Download PDF
CN102958740B
CN102958740B CN201080067707.4A CN201080067707A CN102958740B CN 102958740 B CN102958740 B CN 102958740B CN 201080067707 A CN201080067707 A CN 201080067707A CN 102958740 B CN102958740 B CN 102958740B
CN201080067707.4A
CN102958740A (en
仲尾优
2010-06-25 Application filed by 丰田自动车株式会社 filed Critical 丰田自动车株式会社
2010-06-25 Priority to PCT/JP2010/060852 priority Critical patent/WO2011161814A1/en
2013-03-06 Publication of CN102958740A publication Critical patent/CN102958740A/en
2014-11-12 Publication of CN102958740B publication Critical patent/CN102958740B/en
Motor driving that uses just the output of a rotating electrical machine, which uses power of a vehicle-mounted storage battery apparatus, can be applied to an electrically driven vehicle, within an area inside a maximum output line (350) for motor driving. The maximum output line (350) is comprised of straight-line portions that prescribe the upper-limit torque (TMmax) and upper-limit vehicle speed (VMmax) upon motor driving, and a curved-line portion that prescribes the upper-limit output power. When the upper-limit value (Wout) for output power from the storage battery apparatus is limited due to a rise in the electric-current load or decrease in the SOC of the storage battery apparatus, the driving range within which motor driving can be applied will become narrower. Operation within a high-revolution range where efficiency drops is avoided, by changing the upper-limit vehicle-speed (VMmax) for motor driving in accordance with the SOC and/or the electric-current load of the storage battery apparatus. This enables a long driving period to be secured, without being limited by the upper-limit value (Wout) for output power.
The present invention relates to elec. vehicle and control method thereof, more particularly, relate to the control of travelling that can only utilize the elec. vehicle that the output of rotating machine travels.
Being configured to by the electric power from the secondary battery that is equipped on vehicle attracts attention the elec. vehicle of rotating machine generation vehicle drive force.For example, as elec. vehicle, carry out the exploitation of hybrid electric vehicle, fuel cell powered vehicle, electronlmobil etc.In such elec. vehicle, need to take into account and avoid the mistake of vehicle-mounted secondary battery to discharge and recharge and guarantee and the control of travelling of driver requested corresponding behaviour in service.
In TOHKEMY 2006-109650 communique (patent documentation 1), vehicle console device and vehicle control method are recorded.Patent documentation 1 has been recorded following content: the speed of the output power based on secondary battery or the limits value of input electric power and vehicle is set higher limit or the lower limit of the variable quantity of the torque generating as the CD-ROM drive motor of the rotating machine of generation vehicle drive force.Thus, the mistake of pointing out not cause secondary battery discharges and recharges and makes CD-ROM drive motor export driver requested torque.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2006-109650 communique
As described in Patent Document 1, the charge condition based on secondary battery (SOC:State ofCharge), temperature are set the higher limit of input electric power and the output power of secondary battery conventionally.The output power that the output of CD-ROM drive motor is set at secondary battery is no more than the scope of higher limit.Therefore, reduce or when temperature rise causes output power higher limit strictly to be limited, the output of CD-ROM drive motor is also limited at SOC due to secondary battery.
As the known hybrid electric vehicle that is equipped with rotating machine and driving engine of a kind of mode of elec. vehicle.In hybrid electric vehicle, only utilize the travelling and utilize the travelling of output of rotating machine and driving engine separately to be used of output of rotating machine.Thus, by effectively use secondary battery accumulate electric power in the work of driving engine is limited to high efficiency region, can realize the raising (being the improvement of fuel efficiency) of efficiency.Particularly, power supply that can be by outside vehicle to the so-called plug-in hybrid electric vehicle of vehicle-mounted secondary cell charge in, the travelling of output of pointing out to select energetically only to utilize rotating machine.But in the time becoming the state that the output power of secondary battery described above strictly limited, in order to ensure output and acceleration capability, the work of driving engine becomes than conventionally frequent.Thus, likely cause the reduction (being the deterioration of fuel efficiency) of efficiency and the deterioration of discharge.
In addition, for example, in the elec. vehicle (electronlmobil) of rotating machine as the generation source of vehicle drive force only, in the time becoming the state that the output power of secondary battery described above strictly limited, because the driver requested acceleration capability of response reduces and likely makes behaviour in service (drivability) reduce.
On the other hand, in the time of the high speed of a motor vehicle, so even owing to also thering is the tendency that becomes higher load condition under the high constant speed drive not following acceleration of resistance to motion.Therefore, only carry out the high speed of a motor vehicle by the output of rotating machine if continue and travel, likely make from the outgoing current of secondary battery, continue for the state that current ratio is larger that passes through that drives the electric system of controlling rotating machine.Its result, increases in order to suppress the temperature rise of component parts of this electric system and the load of secondary battery, easily becomes the state that the limits value of output power as described above is strictly limited.And then, once become the state that output power is strictly limited, due to SOC reduce or temperature rise recover before proceed this restriction, so above-mentioned problem likely continue long during.
The present invention proposes in order to solve such problem, the object of the invention is to, and suitably setting only utilizes the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of the Vehicle Driving Cycle that the output of rotating machine carries out, to improve efficiency and the driving performance of elec. vehicle.
A kind of mode of the present invention is a kind of elec. vehicle, possesses: for generation of the rotating machine of vehicle drive force, be equipped on the electrical storage device of vehicle, for carrying out the power control unit of power converter and for controlling the control setup of Vehicle Driving Cycle between electrical storage device and rotating machine.Control setup comprises upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part.Upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part is configured to, and at least one party in the charge condition based on electrical storage device and the outgoing current of electrical storage device sets the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of only utilizing the Vehicle Driving Cycle that the output of rotating machine carries out changeably.
Preferably, upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part is in the case of based on representing that the SOC of charge condition comes changeably the capping speed of a motor vehicle, in the time that SOC is low, compared with when high with SOC, the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle is set lowlyer, carry out changeably the capping speed of a motor vehicle based on outgoing current in the situation that, in the time that outgoing current is large, compared with outgoing current hour, the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle is set lowlyer.
Preferred in addition, control setup also comprises the control part that travels.The control part that travels is configured to, and controls Vehicle Driving Cycle, makes: in the time that the speed of a motor vehicle exceedes the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle, forbid proceeding further having increased the Vehicle Driving Cycle that output output, that only utilize rotating machine of rotating machine is carried out.
Preferably, control setup also comprises that charged state estimation portion, current consumer infer portion and discharge and recharge control part.Charged state estimation portion is configured to the output of sensor based on being disposed at electrical storage device, calculates the SOC presumed value of electrical storage device.The current consumer portion of inferring is configured to the outgoing current based on electrical storage device, calculates the current consumer parameter of expression due to the thermal load of the equipment that passes through to cause of outgoing current.Discharge and recharge control part and be configured to SOC presumed value and the current consumer parameter based on calculated, set changeably the output power higher limit of electrical storage device.Upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part is the current consumer parameter based on calculated at least, changeably the capping speed of a motor vehicle.
And then preferably, upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part according to according to current consumer changeable parameters smaller value in the 1st upper limit speed set and the 2nd upper limit speed set changeably according to SOC presumed value, the capping speed of a motor vehicle.
Preferably, elec. vehicle also has: for generation of the combustion engine of vehicle drive force, be configured to by the output of combustion engine produce electrical storage device charging power power facility and for the power supply by outside vehicle the external charging portion to electrical storage device charging.Control setup also comprises driving mode selection portion and the control part that travels.Mode selection part is selected the side in the 1st driving mode (EV pattern) and the 2nd driving mode (HV pattern) according to the charge condition of electrical storage device, described the 1st driving mode be with combustion engine and rotating machine with no matter the pattern how SOC of electrical storage device mainly travels by the output of rotating machine, described the 2nd driving mode is the SOC of electrical storage device is maintained to the pattern of travelling in predetermined range of control with combustion engine and rotating machine.Control part control rotating machine and combustion engine travel, make: under the 1st driving mode,, only travel by the output of rotating machine when in the torque of elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle in the 1st region the inside, on the other hand, travel by rotating machine and this two side's of combustion engine output during in the 1st region outside in the torque of elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle.And the 1st region reflection is set by the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part setting.
And then preferably, control part control rotating machine and combustion engine travel, make: under the 2nd driving mode,, only travel by the output of rotating machine when in the torque of elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle in the 2nd region the inside, on the other hand, travel by rotating machine and this two side's of combustion engine output during in the 2nd region outside in the torque of elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle, and in the time that the SOC of electrical storage device is lower than range of control, produce the charging power of electrical storage device by power facility.The upper limit speed of a motor vehicle in the 2nd region and the state of electrical storage device are independently set.
Or preferably, elec. vehicle is the electronlmobil in the generation source using rotating machine as vehicle drive force only.Control setup also comprises the control part that travels, described in travel control part for exceed in the speed of a motor vehicle by upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part set the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle during, forbid the output of the propulsive effort being produced by rotating machine vehicle.
Another way of the present invention is a kind of control method of elec. vehicle, and elec. vehicle has for generation of the rotating machine of vehicle drive force, electrical storage device with for carry out the power control unit of power converter between electrical storage device and rotating machine.Control method comprises: the step obtaining, obtains the charge condition of electrical storage device and the outgoing current of electrical storage device; With the step of setting, based at least one party in this charge condition and outgoing current, set changeably the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of only utilizing the Vehicle Driving Cycle that the output of rotating machine carries out.
Preferably, in the step of setting, based on charge condition changeably the capping speed of a motor vehicle in the situation that, in the time that SOC is low, compared with when high with SOC, the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle is set lowlyer, based on outgoing current changeably the capping speed of a motor vehicle in the situation that, in the time that outgoing current is large, compared with outgoing current hour, the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle is set lowlyer.
Preferred in addition, control method also comprises the step of control: control Vehicle Driving Cycle, make in the situation that the speed of a motor vehicle exceedes the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle, forbid proceeding further having increased the Vehicle Driving Cycle that output output, that only utilize rotating machine of rotating machine is carried out.
Preferably, in control method, the step obtaining comprises: based on the output of sensor that is disposed at electrical storage device, calculate the step of the residual capacity presumed value of electrical storage device; With the outgoing current based on electrical storage device, calculate the step of expression due to the current consumer parameter of the thermal load of the equipment that passes through to cause of outgoing current.Control method also comprises following step: the SOC presumed value based on calculated and current consumer parameter, set changeably the output power higher limit of electrical storage device.In the step of the capping speed of a motor vehicle, at least current consumer parameter based on calculated, changeably the capping speed of a motor vehicle.
And then preferably, the step of the capping speed of a motor vehicle comprises: according to current consumer changeable parameters set the step of the 1st upper limit speed; Set changeably the step of the 2nd upper limit speed according to SOC presumed value; With the smaller value according in the 1st upper limit speed and the 2nd upper limit speed, the step of the capping speed of a motor vehicle.
Preferred in addition, elec. vehicle also has: for generation of the combustion engine of vehicle drive force; Be configured to the power facility that produces the charging power of electrical storage device by the output of combustion engine; External charging portion with power supply for by outside vehicle to electrical storage device charging.Control method also comprises: the step of selection, according to the charge condition of electrical storage device, select the side in the 1st driving mode and the 2nd driving mode, described the 1st driving mode be with combustion engine and rotating machine with no matter the pattern how SOC of electrical storage device mainly travels by the output of rotating machine, described the 2nd driving mode is the SOC of electrical storage device is maintained to the pattern of travelling in predetermined range of control with combustion engine and rotating machine; With the step of controlling, control rotating machine and combustion engine, make: under the 1st driving mode,, only travel by the output of rotating machine when in the torque of elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle in the 1st region the inside, on the other hand, travel by rotating machine and this two side's of combustion engine output during in the 1st region outside in the torque of elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle.And the 1st region is reflected the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of being set changeably and is set.
And then preferably, in the step of controlling, control rotating machine and combustion engine, make: under the 2nd driving mode,, only travel by the output of rotating machine when in the torque of elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle in the 2nd region the inside, on the other hand, travel by rotating machine and this two side's of combustion engine output during in the 2nd region outside in the torque of elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle, and in the time that the residual capacity of electrical storage device is lower than range of control, produce the charging power of electrical storage device by power facility.And the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle in the 2nd region and the state of electrical storage device are independently set.
Or preferably, elec. vehicle is the electronlmobil in the generation source using rotating machine as vehicle drive force only.Control method also comprises following step: control Vehicle Driving Cycle, make, in the time that the speed of a motor vehicle exceedes the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle, to forbid the output of the vehicle drive force being produced by rotating machine.
According to the present invention, can suitably set the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of only utilizing the Vehicle Driving Cycle that the output of rotating machine carries out, to improve efficiency and the driving performance of elec. vehicle.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram representing as the schematic configuration of the hybrid electric vehicle of an example of the elec. vehicle of embodiments of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the summary construction diagram of the power splitting mechanism shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the alignment chart of the relation of the rotating speed of the driving engine shown in presentation graphs 1 and MG1, MG2.
Fig. 4 is the functional block diagram that travels and control of the elec. vehicle of explanation embodiments of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the concept map of the thermal load design of devices illustrated.
Fig. 6 is an example of driving mode is selected in explanation mode chart with respect to the SOC passing of the elec. vehicle of embodiment 1.
Fig. 7 is that the motor of elec. vehicle of explanation embodiment 1 travels and the concept map of the selection of hybrid power.
Fig. 8 is the travel concept map of setting of the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of the motor of elec. vehicle of explanation embodiment 1.
Fig. 9 is explanation with respect to the travel concept map of the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of battery load setting parameter motor.
To be explanation set the travel concept map of the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of motor with respect to the SOC of electrical storage device to Figure 10.
Figure 11 is the concept map of the example of the speed limit under the motor that represents the elec. vehicle of embodiment 1 travels.
Figure 12 is the diagram of circuit that represents the treatment step of the control of travelling of the elec. vehicle of embodiment 1.
Figure 13 represents the travel diagram of circuit of setting treatment step of the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of motor.
Figure 14 is the travel concept map of preferred settings example of the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of the motor of elec. vehicle of explanation embodiment 1.
Figure 15 is the block diagram representing as the schematic configuration of the electronlmobil of an example of the elec. vehicle of embodiments of the present invention 2.
Figure 16 is the concept map of the setting of the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of the elec. vehicle of explanation embodiment 2.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are elaborated.In addition, below part identical or suitable in figure is marked to same Reference numeral, do not repeat in principle its explanation.
In embodiment 1, as the elec. vehicle of embodiments of the present invention, exemplified with the hybrid electric vehicle (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) that is equipped with the secondary battery that can charge by the power supply of outside vehicle.
With reference to Fig. 1, hybrid electric vehicle 5 is equipped with combustion engine (driving engine) 18 and dynamotor MG1, MG2, and is that best ratio travels by output control separately.Hybrid electric vehicle 5 is also equipped with electrical storage device 10.
Electrical storage device 10 is rechargeable electric power storage units, is made up of typically the secondary battery of lithium ion battery or ni-mh etc.Or, also can form electrical storage device 10 by the electric power storage unit beyond the secondary batterys such as double charge layer capacitor.In Fig. 1, record the system architecture being associated with discharging and recharging of electrical storage device 10 in hybrid electric vehicle 5.
Electrical storage device 10, can be by the power converter being undertaken by power control unit 20, to dynamotor MG1, MG2 input and output electric power under the system starting state (following, also referred to as " IG on-state ") of hybrid electric vehicle 5.
And then, electrical storage device 10 is (following, to be also designated as " IG off-state ") in the system of hybrid electric vehicle 5 stops, can be by the electrical connection via adaptor union portion 3, utilize the power supply (not shown, below also referred to as " external power supply ") of outside vehicle to charge.In addition, the external power supply that is supplied to hybrid electric vehicle 5 via adaptor union portion 3 can replace source power supply, or in addition, can be the generation power that produced by the solar panel on roof etc. that is arranged at house etc.About utilizing external power supply to the charge detailed content of (following, also referred to as " external charging ") of electrical storage device 10, describe after a while.
The output of temperature sensor 12, voltage sensor 13 and current sensor 14 of monitor unit 11 based on being arranged at electrical storage device 10, output temperature Tb, voltage Vb, current Ib are as the state-detection value of electrical storage device 10.In addition,, about temperature sensor 12, voltage sensor 13 and current sensor 14, represent to be arranged to comprising property respectively temperature sensor, voltage sensor and the current sensor of electrical storage device 10.That is to say, in fact, be in general equipped with about at least a portion in temperature sensor 12, voltage sensor 13 and current sensor 14 multiple, about this point property confirmed record.
Driving engine 18, dynamotor MG1 and dynamotor MG2 mechanically link via power splitting mechanism 22.And, according to the travel conditions of hybrid electric vehicle 5, between above-mentioned 3, carry out distribution and the combination of propulsive effort via power splitting mechanism 22, as its result, to drive wheel, 24F drives.
With reference to Fig. 2, power splitting mechanism 22 is further described.Power splitting mechanism 22 is made up of the compound planet gear that comprises sun wheel 202, miniature gears 204, pinion carrier 206 and gear ring 208.
Miniature gears 204 engages with sun wheel 202 and gear ring 208.Pinion carrier 206 is supported for miniature gears 204 can rotation.Sun wheel 202 links with the S. A. of dynamotor MG1.Pinion carrier 206 links with the bent axle of driving engine 18.Gear ring 208 links with S. A. and the retarder 95 of dynamotor MG2.
Driving engine 18, dynamotor MG1 and dynamotor MG2 link via the power splitting mechanism 22 being made up of compound planet gear, the rotating speed of driving engine 18, dynamotor MG1 and dynamotor MG2 as shown in Figure 3, becomes the relation linking with straight line in alignment chart thus.
In the time that hybrid electric vehicle 5 travels, the propulsive effort that power splitting mechanism 22 produces the work by driving engine 18 is divided into two, and wherein a side is assigned to dynamotor MG1 side, and remainder is assigned to dynamotor MG2 side.The propulsive effort that is assigned to dynamotor MG1 side from power splitting mechanism 22 is used to generating action.On the other hand, be assigned to the propulsive effort of dynamotor MG2 side, synthetic and be used to the driving of drive wheel 24F with the propulsive effort being produced by dynamotor MG2.
So, in hybrid electric vehicle 5, the Vehicle Driving Cycle that can select to stop driving engine 18 and only utilize the output of dynamotor MG2 to carry out is (following, also referred to as " motor travels ") and the Vehicle Driving Cycle (following, also referred to as " hybrid power ") that makes driving engine 18 work utilize driving engine 18 and this two side's of dynamotor MG2 output to carry out.
Referring again to Fig. 1, hybrid electric vehicle 5 also has power control unit 20.Power control unit 20 is configured to and can between dynamotor MG1 and dynamotor MG2 and electrical storage device 10, carries out two-way power converter.Power control unit 20 comprises conv (CONV) 6 and changer (INV1) 8-1 and changer (INV2) 8-2 with dynamotor MG1 and the corresponding setting of MG2 difference.
Conv (CONV) 6 is configured to and can between the positive bus-bar MPL of the DC-link voltage of electrical storage device 10 and transmission changer 8-1,8-2, carries out two-way DC voltage conversion.That is to say the boosted or step-down two-way of the vdc between the input and output voltage of electrical storage device 10 and positive bus-bar MPL and negative busbar MNL.The buck action of conv 6, is controlled according to carrying out the switch order PWC of self-control device 100 respectively.In addition, between positive bus-bar MPL and negative busbar MNL, be connected with smooth condenser C.And the vdc between positive bus-bar MPL and negative busbar MNL is detected by voltage sensor 16.
Changer 8-1 and changer 8-2 carry out two-way power converter between at the direct current power of positive bus-bar MPL and negative busbar MNL and to the alternating electromotive force of dynamotor MG1 and MG2 input and output.Main, changer 8-1, according to the switch order PWM1 that carrys out self-control device 100, is transformed to direct current power by the alternating electromotive force being produced by dynamotor MG1, and is supplied to positive bus-bar MPL and negative busbar MNL.On the other hand, changer 8-2, according to the switch order PWM2 that carrys out self-control device 100, is transformed to alternating electromotive force by the direct current power of supplying with via positive bus-bar MPL and negative busbar MNL, and is supplied to dynamotor MG2.That is to say, in hybrid electric vehicle 5, dynamotor MG2 is configured to and accepts to produce vehicle drive force from the electric power of electrical storage device 10.In addition, dynamotor MG1 is configured to the charging power that produces electrical storage device 10 by the output of driving engine 18.
Between electrical storage device 10 and power control unit 20, be provided with and insert the system main relay 7 that is connected in main track PL and negative wire NL.System main relay 7 responses carry out the relay control signal SE of self-control device 100 and connect disconnection.
Control setup 100 is typically by taking CPU(Central Processing Unit), RAM(Random Access Memory) and/or ROM(Read Only Memory) etc. the electronic control package (ECU:Electronic ControlUnit) that forms as main body of storage part and IO interface form.And control setup 100 is by making CPU that the program that is pre-stored within ROM etc. is read and be carried out from RAM, thus the execution control relevant with Vehicle Driving Cycle and external charging.In addition, at least a portion of ECU also can be configured to the numerical value predetermined by hardware implements such as electronic circuits, logic operation processing.
As an example of information that inputs to control setup 100, in Fig. 1 exemplified with temperature T b, the voltage Vb of the electrical storage device 10 from monitor unit 11 and current Ib, from the system voltage Vh that is disposed at the voltage sensor 16 between the line of positive bus-bar MPL and negative busbar MNL.In addition, as mentioned above, owing to being suitable for typically secondary battery as electrical storage device 10, thus following temperature T b, voltage Vb and current Ib about electrical storage device 10, also referred to as battery temperature Tb, cell pressure Vb and battery current Ib.
In addition, control setup 100 is inferred continuously to the SOC of electrical storage device 10.SOC is the parameter that represents the charge volume (electric residue amount) during as benchmark taking electrical storage device 10 fully charged states, as an example, represents with respect to the ratio (0 ~ 100%) of full charge capacity with current charge volume.
At this, the structure for external charging is described.
Hybrid electric vehicle 5 also has adaptor union receiving portion 35 and the external charging portion 30 for electrical storage device 10 being charged by external power supply.
In the situation that electrical storage device 10 is carried out to external charging, by adaptor union portion 3 is linked to adaptor union receiving portion 35, via positive charging wire CPL and negative charging wire CNL, the electric power from external power supply is supplied with to outside charging part 30.In addition, adaptor union receiving portion 35 comprises the link detecting sensor 35a with the connecting state of adaptor union portion 3 for detection of adaptor union receiving portion 35, by the link signal CON from this link detecting sensor 35a, control setup 100 detects the state that can charge by external power supply.In addition, in the present embodiment, to used the situation of the source power supply of single phase A.C. to illustrate as external power supply.
Adaptor union portion 3 is configured for the external power supply of source power supply etc. to be supplied to the connect mechanism of hybrid electric vehicle 5 typically.Adaptor union portion 3 links with the battery-charging station (not shown) with external power supply via the electric wireline PSL of the formations such as rubber insulated cable.And, adaptor union portion 3 by when the external charging and hybrid electric vehicle 5 link, external power supply is electrically connected with the external charging portion 30 that is equipped on hybrid electric vehicle 5.On the other hand, on hybrid electric vehicle 5, be provided with adaptor union portion 3 link for accepting the adaptor union receiving portion 35 of external power supply.
External charging portion 30 is the devices that from the electric power of external power supply, electrical storage device 10 charged for accepting, and is configured between main track PL and negative wire NL and positive charging wire CPL and negative charging wire CNL.
In addition, external charging portion 30 comprises current control division 30a and voltage transformating part 30b, is to be suitable for electric power that electrical storage device 10 is charged by the power converter from external power supply.Particularly, voltage transformating part 30b is for the service voltage of external power supply being transformed to the device that is suitable for the voltage that electrical storage device 10 is charged, being made up of typically coiled pipe type voltage transformer and/or the AC-AC switching regulaor etc. with predetermined transformer ratio.In addition, current control division 30a carries out rectification and generates vdc carried out alternating-current voltage/AC voltage after voltage transformation by voltage transformating part 30b, and according to the charging current instruction that carrys out self-control device 100, controls the charging current that is supplied to electrical storage device 10.Current control division 30a is made up of single-phase bridge circuit etc. typically.In addition, also can replace the structure being formed by current control division 30a and voltage transformating part 30b, realize external charging portion 30 by AC-DC switching regulaor etc.
In addition, also can replace the structure shown in Fig. 1, accept external power supply by the structure that makes external power supply and vehicle electromagnetic coupled under non-contacting state supply with electric power.Particularly, can be suitable for following structure: at outside mains side, primary winding is set, and in vehicle side, output primary is set, utilize the phase mutual inductance between primary winding and output primary to carry out electric power supply.So, in an application of the invention, be not particularly limited for the structure of the external charging of elec. vehicle.
As mentioned above, in hybrid electric vehicle 5, owing to can electrical storage device 10 being carried out to external charging, aspect efficiency, be preferred so as far as possible driving engine 18 is maintained to halted state travels.Therefore, hybrid electric vehicle 5 is selected EV(Electric Vehicle: elec. vehicle) pattern and HV(Hybrid Vehicle: motor vehicle driven by mixed power) side in these two driving modes of pattern travels.
Hybrid electric vehicle 5 before the SOC of electrical storage device 10 is lower than predetermined mode decision value during, select EV pattern, the propulsive effort that is mainly only used to automotor-generator MG2 travels.Under this EV pattern, owing to not needing to maintain SOC, so the action of substantially not generating electricity in the dynamotor MG1 of propulsive effort that accepts driving engine 18.In addition, EV pattern improves specific consumption of fuel as object driving engine 18 is maintained to halted state, but be provided from anxious accelerations of chaufeur wait situation that propulsive effort requires, while being provided catalyst warm-up or air-conditioning requirement etc. require in the situation such as situation and other condition establishment of the requirement haveing nothing to do with propulsive effort, permission driving engine 18 starts.
In EV pattern, in the time that the SOC of electrical storage device 10 is reduced to mode decision value, driving mode is switched to HV pattern.Under HV pattern, control the generating of being undertaken by dynamotor MG1, so that the SOC of electrical storage device 10 maintains in predetermined predetermined range of control.That is to say, along with the beginning of the generating of being undertaken by dynamotor MG1, driving engine 18 is also started working.In addition a part for the propulsive effort being produced by the work of driving engine 18, also can travelling for hybrid electric vehicle 5.
Under HV pattern, the signal of control setup 100 based on from each sensor, travel conditions, accelerator opening etc., determine the expected value about rotating speed, the electric energy generated of dynamotor MG1 and the torque of dynamotor MG2 of driving engine 18, so that comprehensive fuel efficiency optimization.
And then, in hybrid electric vehicle 5, also can operate to select driving mode near the select switch being arranged on operator's saddle by user.That is to say, user, by select switch 26 is operated to input, can select HV pattern or EV pattern forcibly.
With regard to the corresponding relation of the embodiments of the present invention shown in Fig. 1 and the present application, electrical storage device 10 is equivalent to " electrical storage device ", dynamotor MG2 is equivalent to " rotating machine ", and driving engine 18 is equivalent to " combustion engine ", and dynamotor MG1 is equivalent to " power facility ".In addition, " EV pattern " is equivalent to " the 1st driving mode ", and " HV pattern " is corresponding to " the 2nd driving mode ".
Fig. 4 is the functional block diagram that travels and control of the elec. vehicle of explanation embodiments of the present invention 1.In addition, with regard to each functional block of recording with regard to Fig. 4, can be by being realized by control setup 100 executive software processing according to predefined program.Or, also can form the circuit (hardware) with the function suitable with this functional block in the inside of control setup 100.
With reference to Fig. 4, the battery data (Tb, Ib, Vb) of condition estimating portion 110 based on from monitor unit 11, infers the SOC of electrical storage device 10.For example, the aggregate-value that charge and discharge electric weight of condition estimating portion 110 based on electrical storage device 10 calculates the SOC presumed value (#SOC) of electrical storage device 10 successively.The aggregate-value that charges and discharge electric weight obtains by battery current Ib and cell pressure Vb long-pending (electric power) are carried out to integration in time.Or, also can calculate SOC presumed value (#SOC) based on open circuit voltage (OCV:Open Circuit Voltage) and the relation of SOC.
Current consumer is inferred portion 120 and is calculated the current consumer parameter MP of expression due to the thermal load of the equipment that passes through to produce of battery current Ib based on battery current Ib.In the present embodiment, by electrical storage device 10 discharge and recharge control in reflect that current consumer parameter MP controls the heating that (forms the parts such as reactor, cond, on-off element of power control unit 20) so that the constitution equipment of electric system can be not excessive.
As shown in Figure 5, generally speaking, the thermal load of each equipment is by determining and design with respect to the margin line of the allowed time of the moving average of electrical current expression.That is to say, according to the level of electrical current, the allowed time that design can make this electric current continue to pass through in advance, limit as required discharging and recharging of electrical storage device 10, so that be no more than margin line by the load of the product representation of electrical current and current"on"time.
In the electric system shown in Fig. 1, the size of passing through electric current of each equipment is relevant to the size of battery current Ib.Therefore, current consumer parameter MP is defined by for evaluating quantitatively the parameter due to the thermal load of the each equipment that passes through to cause of battery current Ib.Current consumer parameter MP calculates by the passing smoothing square in time that is made battery current Ib by low-pass filter.For example, by using low-pass filter as first-order lag system, every certain control cycle calculates current consumer parameter MP according to following (1) formula.
MP（n）=（K-1）/K·MP（n-1）+Ib 2（n）/K…（1）
In formula (1), MP(n) be the value of calculating in this control cycle, MP(n-1) be the value of calculating in control cycle last time.And, Ib 2(n) be battery current Ib in this control cycle square.And COEFFICIENT K is by the time constant of first-order lag and control cycle and definite value.COEFFICIENT K more time constant is just larger.Time constant is larger, with regard to make current consumer parameter MP with respect to battery current Ib square variation and change more level and smooth.In addition, in order to evaluate thermal load, about time constant, preferably in the time of large electric current, be set as and the little value of conventionally comparing.In addition, (MP(n-1) >Ib in the time of heat radiation 2(n)), time constant is set as and adstante febre (MP(n-1) <Ib 2(n)) the little value of comparing.
Referring again to Fig. 4, driving mode selection portion 205 is configured to according to the SOC of electrical storage device 10 and selects the side in HV pattern and EV pattern.
In Fig. 6, illustrate with respect to the SOC of hybrid electric vehicle 5 and passed and an example of selection driving mode.
With reference to Fig. 6, hybrid electric vehicle 5 is (moment t1) in the time that vehicle starts to travel, and electrical storage device 10 is near to SOC higher limit Smax by external charging.When ignition lock is connected and when instruction the travelling of hybrid electric vehicle 5, because SOC presumed value (#SOC) is higher than mode decision value Sth, so select EV pattern.In addition, the SOC range of control under each opportunity, is the scope of lower control limit value SOCl～upper control limit value SOCu.The intermediate value of lower control limit value SOCl and upper control limit value SOCu is the value SOCr of control center.As mentioned above, in the time that SOC is lower than range of control, require in Vehicle Driving Cycle, electrical storage device 10 to be charged.
Owing to travelling with EV pattern, the SOC of electrical storage device 10 reduces gradually.During EV pattern, the value SOCr of control center of SOC range of control sets corresponding to the SOC presumed value (#SOC) of current time.That is to say, under EV pattern, follow the reduction of SOC, SOC range of control also reduces.Its result, during EV pattern, does not carry out start the engine 18 with the object that is charged as of electrical storage device 10.
Then,, in the time that SOC presumed value (#SOC) is reduced to mode decision value Sth (moment t2), driving mode is from EV mode shifts to HV pattern.In the time transferring to HV pattern, the value SOCr of control center is set to the steady state value that HV pattern is used.Thus, lower control limit value SOCl is also maintained constant.Its result, under HV pattern, in the time that SOC reduces, driving engine 18(Fig. 1) start working, by the generation power being produced by dynamotor MG1, electrical storage device 10 is charged.Its result, SOC starts to increase and maintains in SOC range of control (SOCl ~ SOCu).
In addition, by (#SOC>Sth) operating selection switch 26 forces to have selected HV pattern in EV pattern in the situation that, control discharging and recharging of electrical storage device 10, to maintain the SOC in this moment.That is to say, set SOC range of control, control center is worth to the SOC presumed value (#SOC) of SOCr while being fixed on operating selection switch 26.
Then, in the time that travelling of hybrid electric vehicle 5 finished, by chaufeur by the 3(Fig. 1 of adaptor union portion) be connected in hybrid electric vehicle 5 and start external charging (moment t3).Thus, the SOC of electrical storage device 10 rises.
Referring again to Fig. 4, driving mode selection portion 205 is selected EV pattern during the SOC presumed value (#SOC) of being inferred by condition estimating portion 110 is higher than mode decision value Sth.On the other hand, in EV pattern is carried out, in the time that SOC presumed value is reduced to mode decision value Sth, driving mode selection portion 205 is switched to HV pattern by driving mode from EV pattern.But driving mode selection portion 205, in the time having operated select switch 26 by user, operates to force to select HV pattern or EV pattern according to user.205 outputs of driving mode selection portion represent to have selected the driving mode signal MD of which pattern in EV pattern and HV pattern.
Discharge and recharge the state of control part 150 based on electrical storage device 10 and set input electric power higher limit Win and output power higher limit Wout.As the general control that discharges and recharges, in the time that SOC presumed value (#SOC) reduces, output power higher limit Wout is limited littlely than default value, and on the other hand, in the time that SOC presumed value (#SOC) rises, input electric power higher limit Win is limited littlely than default value.In addition, when battery temperature Tb is during in low temperature or high temperature, during with normal temperature compared with, input electric power higher limit Win and output power higher limit Wout are suppressed.
And then, discharge and recharge control part 150 and further reflect and infer by current consumer the current consumer parameter MP that portion 120 infers, set input electric power higher limit Win and output power higher limit Wout.For example, discharge and recharge control part 150 at current consumer parameter MP than decision content (threshold value) Mp hour, although do not limit output power higher limit Wout from the viewpoint of current consumer (thermal load being caused by electric current), but in the time that current consumer parameter MP exceedes decision content Mp, restriction output power higher limit Wout.
Be appreciated that before the reduction of battery current Ib is reflected to current consumer parameter MP from the formula for calculating current consumer parameter MP (1), need the regular hour to postpone.Therefore,, when current consumer parameter MP is once exceed decision content Mp, even battery current Ib is reduced by the output power restriction from electrical storage device 10, before reducing, current consumer parameter MP also needs the regular hour.And, during this period, proceed the restriction to output power higher limit Wout.
In addition,, in the setting of input electric power higher limit Win and output power higher limit Wout, use SOC, battery temperature Tb and the battery current Ib(current consumer parameter MP of electrical storage device 10) in whole be not necessary.Discharge and recharge that control part 150 is configured to the SOC based on electrical storage device 10 and the battery current Ib that reflects in current consumer parameter MP at least one party, set changeably input electric power higher limit Win and output power higher limit Wout.
In addition, discharge and recharge control part 150 and judge whether the electrical storage device 10 in Vehicle Driving Cycle needs charging.As mentioned above, under EV pattern, do not produce the charging requirement of electrical storage device 10.Under HV pattern, the relation according to SOC presumed value (#SOC) with SOC range of control interior (SOCl ~ SOCu), the charging requirement of generation electrical storage device 10.
Motor current consumer parameter MP and the SOC presumed value (#SOC) of upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part 210 based on driving mode signal MD, electrical storage device 10 of travelling, sets and only utilizes the output of dynamotor MG2 to carry out the upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax of motor while travelling.About the detailed content of the setting of upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax, describe after a while.
Travel control part 200 according to the vehicle-state of hybrid electric vehicle 5 and driver's operation, calculate the overall needed vehicle drive force of hybrid electric vehicle 5 and/or vehicle braking force.Driver's operation comprises the tread-on quantity of acceleration pedal (not shown), position, the tread-on quantity of brake pedal (not shown) etc. of shifter bar (not shown).
And the output that the control part 200 that travels is controlled between dynamotor MG1, MG2 and driving engine 18 distributes, to realize desired vehicle drive force or vehicle braking force.Distribute and control according to this output, determine output requirement and the output requirement to driving engine 18 to dynamotor MG1, MG2.Distribute a ring of controlling as output, the either party during selection motor travels and driving engine travels.And then, to the output requirement of dynamotor MG1, MG2, be restricted to not can the electric power discharging and recharging at electrical storage device 10 within the scope of (Win～Wout) set after carrying out discharging and recharging of electrical storage device 10.That is to say, in the time cannot guaranteeing the output power of electrical storage device 10, the output that restriction is realized by dynamotor MG2.
Dispenser 250, according to the output requirement to dynamotor MG1, MG2 of being set by the control part 200 that travels, is calculated torque and/or the rotating speed of dynamotor MG1, MG2.And, in exporting the control command about torque and/or rotating speed to convertor controls portion 260, the control command value of vdc Vh is exported to conv control part 270.
On the other hand, dispenser 250 generates and represents to be indicated by the engine control of the travel definite engine power of control part 200 and engine target rotating speed.According to the instruction of this engine control, control the fuel injection, timing of ignition, valve timing of not shown driving engine 18 etc.
Convertor controls portion 260, according to the control command from dispenser 250, generates switch order PWM1 and PWM2 for driving dynamotor MG1 and MG2.This switch order PWM1 and PWM2 are outputed to respectively changer 8-1 and 8-2.
Conv control part 270 generates switch order PWC, the control command control vdc Vh with basis from dispenser 250.By with the voltage transformation of the corresponding conv 6 of this switch order PWC, control the charge-discharge electric power of electrical storage device 10.
So, can, according to vehicle-state and driver's operation, realize the control of travelling of the hybrid electric vehicle 5 that has improved efficiency.
Use Fig. 7, the motor being undertaken by the control part 200 that travels is travelled and the selection of hybrid power is elaborated.
With reference to Fig. 7, transverse axis represents the vehicle velocity V of hybrid electric vehicle 5, and the longitudinal axis represents driving torque T.Defined the maximum output line 300 of hybrid electric vehicle 5 by vehicle velocity V and driving torque T.
Maximum output line 300 is by T=Tmax(upper limit torque) straight line, the V=Vmax(upper limit speed of a motor vehicle) straight line and the curve in the region of T<Tmax and V<Vmax form.The curved portion of maximum output line 300 is corresponding to upper limit horsepower output.
About HV pattern and EV pattern, separate provision the maximum output line 340 and 350 that travels of motor.Each of maximum output line 340 and 350 is same with maximum output line 300, and the upper limit torque TMmax under being travelled by regulation motor respectively and the straight line portion of upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax and the curved portion of set upper limit horsepower output form.
Under HV pattern,, select motor to travel when in the operation point of hybrid electric vehicle 5 (speed of a motor vehicle, torque) in maximum output line 340 the inner side, only utilize the output of dynamotor MG to guarantee vehicle drive force.On the other hand, the outside in the operation point of hybrid electric vehicle 5 in maximum output line 340, guarantee vehicle drive force by the hybrid power that has started driving engine 18.
Under the HV pattern that maintains SOC, for driving engine 18 being driven in engine high-efficiency rate region, the region that motor travels is set to obtain relative narrower.On the other hand, under EV pattern, in order to select energetically motor to travel, maximum output line 350 is set relatively widely.
For example,, under HV pattern, at each selection hybrid power of operation point 302 ~ 306.On the other hand, under EV pattern, select motor to travel in operation point 302.But, even under EV pattern, the operation point 304 of having improved in the requirement of output torque from operation point 302, because its outside in maximum output line 350, so also select hybrid power.That is to say, driving engine 18 is started.
In addition, while transferring to operation point 306 when the rising of the speed of a motor vehicle from operation point 302, so due to the outside of V>VMmax in maximum output line 350, therefore select hybrid power.That is to say, in the time that vehicle velocity V exceedes motor and travels upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax, instruction driving engine 18 starts, and selects hybrid power.Its result, avoids carrying out motor and travelling exceeding the travel region of upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax of motor.That is to say, forbid that the motor of proceeding the output of dynamotor MG2 is further increased travels.
Dynamotor MG1, MG2(rotating machine) in high speed area, because iron loss is large so efficiency is low.In addition, because resistance to motion when the high speed of a motor vehicle is high so be easy to become higher load condition.Therefore, in the motor of the high speed of a motor vehicle travels, the efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle 5 (fuel efficiency) worsens, and is that battery current Ib increases for obtaining the electric current of identical output.Therefore, control Vehicle Driving Cycle by setting the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels, travel to avoid proceeding motor in high-speed region.
With reference to Fig. 8, the maximum output line 350 that motor under EV pattern travels, by the straight line portion of set upper limit torque TMmax and upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax and in the scope of T<TMmax and V<VMmax the curved portion of set upper limit horsepower output form.And curved portion changes according to the output power higher limit Wout of electrical storage device 10.Specifically,, in the time that output power higher limit Wout is limited, the region that region of the inner side of maximum output line 350 selects motor to travel narrows.
Particularly, in the time having limited output power higher limit Wout due to the increase of current consumer parameter MP, because SOC exists enough and to spare so select EV pattern, on the other hand, also there is the possibility of start the engine 18 continually.Thus, likely cause the efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle 5 to reduce.
In the elec. vehicle (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) of embodiment 1, by the motor upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part 210 of travelling, the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels is changed according to the state of electrical storage device 10.Thus, realize the reduction of the confined frequency of output power higher limit Wout.
Fig. 9 is explanation with respect to the travel concept map of setting of the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of the motor of current consumer parameter.
With reference to Fig. 9, transverse axis Δ MP be current consumer parameter MP with respect to the difference that starts the threshold value Mt that limits output power higher limit Wout.That is to say, with Δ, MP=Mt-MP illustrates.
In the time of Δ MP>M1, i.e. enough hour of current consumer parameter MP, upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax is set to default value.On the other hand, along with current consumer parameter MP rises, close to threshold value Mt, the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels periodically declines.By making in advance the mapping corresponding with Fig. 9, can be corresponding to the current consumer parameter MP setting motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels.Or, also can the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels be reduced continuously corresponding to the reduction of Δ MP.
Figure 10 is explanation with respect to the travel concept map of setting of the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of the motor of the SOC of electrical storage device 10.
With reference to Figure 10, transverse axis is the SOC presumed value (#SOC) being calculated by condition estimating portion 110.In the high region of SOC (#SOC>S1), upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax is set to default value.On the other hand, when #SOC is during lower than decision content S1, corresponding to the reduction of SOC, the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels periodically declines.By making in advance the mapping corresponding with Figure 10, can be corresponding to SOC presumed value (#SOC) the setting motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels.In addition, also can the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels be reduced continuously with respect to the reduction of SOC.
One example of the speed limit of the hybrid electric vehicle 5 when Figure 11 shows and continues motor under EV pattern and travel.
With reference to Figure 11, travel owing to proceeding motor, so SOC presumed value (#SOC) reduces gradually along with time process.Follow motor to travel by electrical storage device 10 and continue electric discharge, with correspondingly also rising gradually of current consumer parameter MP of battery current Ib.
According to the mapping shown in Fig. 9, successively set and the corresponding motor of the current consumer parameter MP upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax(1 that travels).Similarly, according to the mapping shown in Figure 10, successively set and the corresponding motor of SOC presumed value (#SOC) upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax(2 that travels).And, in each control cycle, VMmax(1) and VMmax(2) in smaller value be set to the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels.
Along with the rising of current consumer parameter MP, at each moment VMmax(1 of moment t1, t3, t4, t5) reduce.On the other hand, along with the reduction of SOC presumed value (#SOC), at each moment VMmax(2 of moment t2, t6) reduce.Because motor travels upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax because of VMmax(1) or reduction VMmax(2) reduce, so the speed of a motor vehicle of hybrid electric vehicle 5 is also limited gradually and reduces.
Then,, when in the time that moment t7 current consumer parameter MP reaches threshold value Mt, output power higher limit Wout reduces.Its result, driving engine 18 is activated, and travels and transfers to hybrid power from motor.Under hybrid power, the output being realized by dynamotor MG2 reduces.Its result, also reduces from output power and the battery current Ib of electrical storage device 10.Its result, current consumer parameter MP starts to reduce.
In addition, in order to prevent the startup of driving engine 18 and to stop frequently repeatedly, for again to motor travel shift judgement, hysteresis is set.And, fully reduce and the restriction of output power higher limit Wout be disengaged or before the speed of a motor vehicle of hybrid electric vehicle 5 and/or driving torque reduce, select hybrid power at current consumer parameter MP.
Travelling of travelling at motor that upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax is fixed compared with the example shown in Figure 11 in controlling, and predicted current load parameter MP can reach threshold value Mt in advance.Once output power higher limit Wout is limited, the startup frequency of driving engine 18 likely rises afterwards.That is to say, known: in the hybrid electric vehicle 5 of present embodiment, by making the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels change (reduction) according to the state of electrical storage device 10, can to make to guarantee from extending during the output power of electrical storage device 10.
Figure 12 is the treatment step that travels and control of the elec. vehicle (hybrid electric vehicle 5) of embodiments of the present invention.The processing of the each step shown in Figure 12, can be carried out pre-stored preset program or special electronic circuit work is realized by control setup 100.Repeatedly carry out a series of control processing shown in Figure 12 by each certain control cycle.
With reference to Figure 12, control setup 100 is inferred the SOC of electrical storage device 10 by step S100.That is to say, in step S100, by the function same with the condition estimating portion 110 of Fig. 4, calculate SOC presumed value (#SOC).Thus, control setup 100 is obtained the charge condition of electrical storage device 10.
Control setup 100 is obtained battery current Ib in step S110.And then, in step S110, according to above-mentioned (1), calculate the current consumer parameter MP based on battery current Ib.That is to say, the function of portion 120 is inferred in the processing of step S110 corresponding to the current consumer of Fig. 4.
Control setup 100 is set input electric power higher limit Win and the output power higher limit Wout of electrical storage device 10 by step S120.That is to say, in step S120, by with Fig. 4 discharge and recharge the same function of control part 150, set changeably input electric power higher limit Win and output power higher limit Wout.As mentioned above, in the time that current consumer parameter MP exceedes threshold value Mt, restriction input electric power higher limit Win and output power higher limit Wout.And then control setup 100 is by step S140, the mainly SOC based on electrical storage device 10, is chosen as the either party in HV pattern and EV pattern by the driving mode of hybrid electric vehicle 5.
Control setup 100 is by step S150, the motor of setting hybrid electric vehicle 5 according to the state of electrical storage device 10 upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels.
Figure 13 is the diagram of circuit that describes the processing of the step S150 of Figure 12 in detail.
With reference to Figure 13, control setup 100, in step S152, judges whether driving mode is EV pattern.In the time of EV pattern (when S152 is judged to be "Yes"), control setup 100 makes to process and advances to step S154.In step S154, according to the characteristic of Fig. 9, set the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax(1 that travels according to current consumer parameter MP).And then control setup 100, in step S155, according to the characteristic of Figure 10, is set the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax(2 that travels according to SOC presumed value (#SOC)).
Then, control setup 100 is by step S156, by the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax(1 that travels) and VMmax(2) in smaller value be set as the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels.
On the other hand, in the time of HV pattern (when S152 is judged to be "No"), control setup 100 is set motor that HV pattern the uses upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels by step S158.As mentioned above, in HV pattern, constant for the SOC of electrical storage device 10 is maintained, actively do not use battery electric power and carry out Vehicle Driving Cycle.Therefore, generally speaking, the motor under HV pattern travels upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax with respect to the state of electrical storage device 10 and is fixed to steady state value.
Referring again to Figure 12, control setup 100 is by step S160, utilizes and the same function of control part 200 of travelling of Fig. 4, and controls the output distribution between dynamotor MG1, MG2 and driving engine 18.In the output of step S160 distributes and controls, the motor setting in the reflection step S150 upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels, sets the maximum output line 350 that motor travels.Then, according to maximum output line 340,350, carry out the selection that motor travels and driving engine travels, determine whether and need driving engine 18 to work.And then, determine output requirement and the output requirement to driving engine 18 to dynamotor MG1, MG2.Thus, can realize for avoiding and carry out the above-mentioned control of travelling that motor travels exceeding the travel region of upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax of motor.
Control setup 100, in step S170, distributes and controls according to the output of step S160, according to the control command of the control command of the control command of driving engine, MG1 and MG2, and control engine 18 and dynamotor MG1, MG2 respectively.
So, in the elec. vehicle (hybrid electric vehicle 5) of embodiment 1, under the EV pattern of electric power that uses energetically electrical storage device 10, can set changeably the upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that motor travels according to the state of electrical storage device 10 (SOC and current consumer parameter MP).Thus, control and compare with fixing motor the travelling of upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax of travelling, can guarantee not for a long time to be subject to the output power higher limit Wout being caused by SOC and/or current consumer parameter MP restriction travel during.
Its result, because the region that the acceleration request with respect to chaufeur can be corresponding under motor travels is relatively wide, is suitable for for a long time motor so can suppress the startup of driving engine 18 and travels.That is to say, owing to can reducing the work frequency of the driving engine 18 under EV pattern, carry out high the travelling of efficiency so can avoid the deterioration of discharge.
In addition, in the present embodiment, travel with regard to upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax with regard to motor, the example that the SOC with electrical storage device 10 and this two side of current consumer parameter MP are set is illustrated.Consider from the viewpoint of protection equipment, the restriction of output power higher limit Wout has the stricter tendency of restriction of being undertaken by current consumer parameter MP.In addition, in the time starting the export-restriction of being undertaken by current consumer parameter MP, even if battery current Ib reduces, before being disengaged, export-restriction also produces the delay of certain hour.Therefore, also can be only set the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels according to current consumer parameter MP.In this case, in the diagram of circuit of Figure 13, omit the processing of step S155, and be set as VHmax=VHmax(1 in step S156).
But, if also consider that as mentioned above SOC sets the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels, and can expect further to reduce the confined sight of output power higher limit Wout.That is to say, can enjoy more effectively the effect of present embodiment.
The travel preferred settings example of the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of the motor that Figure 14 shows the elec. vehicle of embodiment 1.
With reference to Figure 14, the upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax(EV that travels of the motor under EV pattern) with HV pattern under the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax(HV that travels) relation, also can set for and the reversion shown in Fig. 7.
That is to say, according to the state variable of electrical storage device 10 motor under the EV pattern the set upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax(EV that travels), be preferably set to than the upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax(HV that travels of the motor under HV pattern) low.
So, under the high HV pattern of the work frequency of script driving engine 18, in the high region of engine efficiency, the chance that electrical storage device 10 is charged is set, therefore,, by allowing motor to travel until high speed of a motor vehicle region, can improve the efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle 5 entirety.
On the other hand, under the unpredictalbe EV pattern of recovery of SOC, set relatively lowly by upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that motor is travelled, can realize prevention output power higher limit Wout and be limited.Thus, owing to can reducing the work frequency of the driving engine 18 under EV pattern, so can enjoy effectively Reducing exhaust emission and fuel efficiency and improve the advantage of such EV pattern.
In embodiment 2, show electronlmobil other examples as the elec. vehicle of embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the schematic block diagram of the schematic configuration of elec. vehicle (electronlmobil) 5# that represents embodiments of the present invention 2.
With reference to Figure 15, electronlmobil 5# compares with the structure of the hybrid electric vehicle 5 shown in Fig. 1, and difference has been to omit the configuration of driving engine 18 and power splitting mechanism 22, and dynamotor MG and changer 8 are respectively provided with 1.The output of dynamotor MG is used to the driving of drive wheel 24F.Between dynamotor MG and drive wheel 24F, not shown retarder can also be set.So, the electronlmobil 5# shown in Figure 15 only travels by having used from the motor of the electric power of electrical storage device 10.
Figure 16 shows the maximum output line 300 of electronlmobil 5#.Maximum output line 300 is identical with the maximum output line of dynamotor MG.Maximum output line 300 is made up of the upper limit torque TMmax of regulation dynamotor MG and the straight line portion of upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax and the curved portion of set upper limit horsepower output.
Therefore,, in electronlmobil 5#, in the time that the output power of electrical storage device 10 is limited, output power higher limit Wout is lower than general value, guarantee that vehicular drive torque becomes difficulty.Therefore, the acceleration capability of the acceleration request (accelerator operation) of response chaufeur reduces, and driving performance likely reduces.
Therefore, in electronlmobil 5#, travel with the motor in embodiment 1 that Mmax is same for upper limit vehicle velocity V, according to the state of electrical storage device 10 (SOC and current consumer parameter MP), upper limit vehicle velocity V max is changed.That is to say, by the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part 210 of travelling of the motor shown in Fig. 4, set changeably the upper limit vehicle velocity V max(=VMmax of electronlmobil 5#).
The upper limit vehicle velocity V max(=VMmax of electronlmobil 5#) work as speed restrictor.That is to say, in the time of vehicle velocity V >Vmax, forbid proceeding to make the further Vehicle Driving Cycle of increase of output of dynamotor MG2.Preferably, forbid the output of the vehicle drive force being produced by dynamotor MG.Thus, can avoid travelling exceeding the motor motor carrying out in the region of upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels.
Its result, in the region of vehicle velocity V >Vmax, from output power and the battery current reduction of electrical storage device 10.Therefore, can make current consumer parameter MP reduce.That is to say, in the time that the load of electrical storage device 10 is high, by the correspondence of attached speed restrictor, can avoid output power higher limit Wout to be limited by the load that reduces electrical storage device 10.Its result, with fixed upper limit vehicle velocity V max(=VMmax) travel to control and compare, can expect to guarantee not for a long time to be subject to output power higher limit Wout restriction travel during.
In embodiment 2, with regard to the upper limit vehicle velocity V max(=VMmax of electronlmobil 5#) with regard to, also can be only set the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels according to current consumer parameter MP.
In addition, it is N/R in essence that the travelling of the elec. vehicle of embodiment 2 (electronlmobil 5#) is controlled in Fig. 4, can realize by having deleted the structure that driving mode selection portion 205 and dispenser 250 obtain.In the elec. vehicle (electronlmobil 5#) of embodiment 2, the control part 200 that travels, according to having reflected by the motor maximum output line 300 that upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part 210 sets obtains that travels, generates the control command of dynamotor MG.Now, generate control command, so that the input and output electric power of electrical storage device 10 is controlled in the scope of input electric power higher limit Win～output power higher limit Wout.
And then convertor controls portion 260, according to the control command of dynamotor MG, generates the switch order of changer 8.Conv control part 270 passes through according to voltage instruction value control vdc Vh, and the switch order of T.G Grammar device 6, to control the charge-discharge electric power of electrical storage device 10.
Or, the travelling of the elec. vehicle (electronlmobil 5#) of embodiment 2 controlled can be by omit the processing of step S140 in the diagram of circuit of Figure 12, and realize according to the motor upper limit vehicle velocity V max that upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax sets electronlmobil 5# that travels by step S150.And then, in step S160, can, according to the maximum output line 300 that has reflected that upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax obtains, generate the control command of dynamotor MG, and in step S170, can be according to this control command control dynamotor MG.
In addition, the structure of power control unit 20 is not limited to Fig. 1,15 illustrated structures, as long as the driven by power dynamotor MG for by electrical storage device 10, the structure of MG2, just can be suitable for structure arbitrarily, to this point property confirmed record.In addition, about the structure of the drive system of motor vehicle driven by mixed power 5 and electronlmobil 5#, be not limited to the illustration of Fig. 1 and Figure 15, to this point property confirmed record.Equally, in motor vehicle driven by mixed power 5, as long as being configured to the charging power of exporting to produce electrical storage device by driving engine, just also can be suitable for " power facility " different from the dynamotor MG1 of Fig. 1.
In addition, also can replace current consumer parameter MP and be suitable for other parameters arbitrarily that reflected battery current Ib.Importantly, as long as quantity of state or the parameter relevant to electrical storage device 10 that reflect in the restriction of output power higher limit Wout, just can replace current consumer parameter MP and use.This be because, according to such parameter, made only to use the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle under the Vehicle Driving Cycle that rotating machine (dynamotor MG, MG2) carries out to change, thus with travelling of above-mentioned elec. vehicle control same, make output power higher limit Wout confined during minimizing.
In addition, in the motor that has been suitable for present embodiment travels the elec. vehicle of variable setting of upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax, travel exceeding the motor motor carrying out in the region of upper limit vehicle velocity V Mmax that travels as long as can avoid, just can be suitable for and embodiment 1 and 2 illustrated travelling and control the different controls of travelling, to this point also property confirmed record.
Should think this disclosed embodiment be all in all respects illustrate and be not restricted contents.Scope of the present invention is not to represent by above-mentioned explanation, but represents by claim, and all changes within the scope of the meaning and the claim being equal to claim are included in the present invention.
The present invention can be applicable to can be only by the elec. vehicle of having used the output of rotating machine of electric power of vehicle-mounted electrical storage device to travel.
3 adaptor union portions; 5 hybrid electric vehicles; 5# electronlmobil; 6 convs; 7 system main relay; 8 changers; 10 electrical storage devices; 11 monitor units; 12 temperature sensors; 13,16 voltage sensors; 14 current sensors; 18 driving engines; 20 power control units; 22 power splitting mechanism; 24F drive wheel; 26 select switches; 30 external charging portions; 30a current control division; 30b voltage transformating part; 35 adaptor union receiving portions; 35a links detecting sensor; 95 retarders; 100 control setups (ECU); 110 condition estimating portions; 120 current consumers are inferred portion; 150 discharge and recharge control part; 200 control parts that travel; 202 sun wheels; 204 miniature gearss; 205 driving mode selection portions; 206 pinion carriers; 208 gear rings; The 210 motors upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part of travelling; 250 dispenser; 260 convertor controls portions; 270 conv control parts; 300 maximum output lines (vehicle); 302,304,306 operation points; 340 maximum output lines (travel/HV of motor pattern); 350 maximum output lines (travel/EV of motor pattern); C smooth condenser; CNL bears charging wire; CON link signal; The positive charging wire of CPL; Ib battery current; K smoothing factor; MD driving mode signal; MG, MG2 dynamotor (rotating machine); MG1 dynamotor (power facility); MP current consumer parameter; Mt threshold value; PWC, PWM1, PWM2 switch order; SE relay control signal; SOCl ~ SOCu SOC range of control; SOCr control center value; Smax SOC higher limit; SminSOC lower limit; Sth mode decision value; The torque of T vehicular drive; TMmax upper limit torque (motor travels); Tb battery temperature; The V speed of a motor vehicle; The VMmax motor upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of travelling; Vb cell pressure; Vh system voltage; The Vmax upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (vehicle); Win input electric power higher limit; Wout output power higher limit.
1. an elec. vehicle, possesses:
For generation of the rotating machine (MG2, MG) of vehicle drive force;
Be equipped on the electrical storage device (10) of vehicle;
For carry out the power control unit (20) of power converter between described electrical storage device and described rotating machine; With
For controlling the control setup (100) of Vehicle Driving Cycle,
Described control setup comprises upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part (210), described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part (210) is for the outgoing current based on described electrical storage device (Ib), set changeably the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax) of the Vehicle Driving Cycle only being undertaken by the output of described rotating machine
Described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part, in the time that described outgoing current is large, is set lowlyer by the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle compared with described outgoing current hour.
Described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part (210), also the SOC of the charge condition based on representing described electrical storage device sets the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax) changeably.
3. elec. vehicle according to claim 1 and 2, wherein,
Described control setup also comprises the control part that travels (200), the described control part that travels (200) is for controlling Vehicle Driving Cycle, make: in the time that the speed of a motor vehicle (V) exceedes the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle, forbid proceeding further having increased described rotating machine output, the Vehicle Driving Cycle that undertaken by the output of described rotating machine only.
Described control setup (100) also comprises:
Charged state estimation portion (110), for the output of sensor (12-14) based on being disposed at described electrical storage device (10), calculates the SOC presumed value (#SOC) of described electrical storage device;
Current consumer is inferred portion (120), for the described outgoing current (Ib) based on described electrical storage device, calculates the current consumer parameter (MP) of expression due to the thermal load of the equipment that passes through to cause of described outgoing current; With
Discharge and recharge control part (150), for the described SOC presumed value based on calculated and described current consumer parameter, set changeably the output power higher limit (Wout) of described electrical storage device,
Described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part (210) is the described current consumer parameter based on calculated at least, sets changeably the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax).
The described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax), according to the smaller value in the 1st upper limit speed of setting changeably according to described current consumer parameter (MP) (VMmax (1)) and the 2nd upper limit speed (VMmax (2)) set changeably according to described SOC presumed value (#SOC), is set in described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part (210).
6. according to the elec. vehicle described in any one in claim 1,2,4 and 5, wherein,
For generation of the combustion engine (18) of vehicle drive force;
Be configured to the power facility (MG1) that produces the charging power of described electrical storage device (10) by the output of described combustion engine; With
External charging portion (30) for the power supply by outside vehicle to described electrical storage device charging,
Driving mode selection portion (205), be used for according to the charge condition of described electrical storage device, select the side in the 1st driving mode and the 2nd driving mode, no matter described the 1st driving mode is to use described combustion engine and described rotating machine to make the pattern how SOC of described electrical storage device mainly travels by the output of described rotating machine (MG2), and described the 2nd driving mode is the SOC of described electrical storage device is maintained to the pattern of travelling in predetermined range of control with described combustion engine and described rotating machine; With
Control part (200) travels, be used for controlling described rotating machine and described combustion engine, make: under described the 1st driving mode,, only travel by the output of described rotating machine (MG2) when in the torque of described elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle in the 1st region (350) the inside, on the other hand, travel by described rotating machine and this two side's of described combustion engine output during in described the 1st region outside in the torque of described elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle
Described the 1st region reflection is set by the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax) of described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part (210) setting.
7. elec. vehicle according to claim 6, wherein,
Described control setup (100) is controlled described rotating machine and described combustion engine, make: under described the 2nd driving mode, , only travel by the output of described rotating machine (MG2) when in the torque of described elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle in the 2nd region (340) the inside, on the other hand, travel by described rotating machine and this two side's of described combustion engine (18) output during in described the 2nd region outside in the torque of described elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle, and in the time that the SOC of described electrical storage device is lower than described range of control, produce the charging power of described electrical storage device by described power facility,
The upper limit speed of a motor vehicle in described the 2nd region and the state of described electrical storage device are independently set.
8. according to the elec. vehicle described in any one in claim 1,2,4 and 5, wherein,
Described elec. vehicle is the electronlmobil (5#) in the only generation source using described rotating machine (MG) as described vehicle drive force,
Described control setup (100) also comprises the control part that travels (200), the described control part that travels (200), for exceed the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax) of being set by described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part (210) in the speed of a motor vehicle (V) during, is forbidden the output of the vehicle drive force being produced by described rotating machine.
9. elec. vehicle according to claim 2, wherein,
Described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle configuration part (210), in the time that described SOC is low, is set lowlyer by the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle compared with when high with described SOC.
10. the control method of an elec. vehicle, described elec. vehicle (5,5#) has: for generation of the rotating machine (MG2, MG) of vehicle drive force, electrical storage device (10) with for carry out the power control unit (20) of power converter between described electrical storage device and described rotating machine, the control method of described elec. vehicle comprises:
The step (S110) obtaining, obtains the outgoing current (Ib) of described electrical storage device; With
The step (S150) of setting, based on described outgoing current, sets the upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax) of the Vehicle Driving Cycle only being undertaken by the output of described rotating machine changeably,
In the step of described setting, in the time that described outgoing current is large, compared with described outgoing current hour, the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle is set lowlyer.
The control method of 11. elec. vehicles according to claim 10, wherein,
Also comprise the step (S100) of the charge condition of obtaining described electrical storage device,
In the step (S150) of described setting, also the SOC based on representing described charge condition sets the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax) changeably.
12. according to the control method of the elec. vehicle described in claim 10 or 11, wherein,
Also comprise the step (S160) of control, in the step (S160) of described control, control Vehicle Driving Cycle, make in the situation that the speed of a motor vehicle (V) exceedes the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle, forbid proceeding further having increased described rotating machine output, the Vehicle Driving Cycle that undertaken by the output of described rotating machine only.
The control method of 13. elec. vehicles according to claim 10, wherein,
The described step that obtains outgoing current comprises:
Described outgoing current (Ib) based on described electrical storage device, calculates the step (S110) of expression due to the current consumer parameter (MP) of the thermal load of the equipment that passes through to cause of described outgoing current,
Described control method also comprises:
Based on the output of sensor (12-14) that is disposed at described electrical storage device (10), calculate the step (S100) of the SOC presumed value (#SOC) of described electrical storage device; With
Described SOC presumed value based on calculated and described current consumer parameter, set the step (S120) of the output power higher limit (Wout) of described electrical storage device changeably,
In the step (S150) of the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle of setting, at least the described current consumer parameter based on calculated, sets the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax) changeably.
The control method of 14. elec. vehicles according to claim 13, wherein,
The step (S150) of setting the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle comprising:
Set changeably the step (S154) of the 1st upper limit speed (VMmax (1)) according to described current consumer parameter (MP);
Set changeably the step (S155) of the 2nd upper limit speed (VMmax (2)) according to described SOC presumed value (#SOC); With
According to the smaller value in described the 1st upper limit speed and described the 2nd upper limit speed, set the step (S156) of the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax).
15. according to the control method of the elec. vehicle described in any one in claim 10,11,13 and 14, wherein,
Described elec. vehicle (5) also has: for generation of the combustion engine (18) of vehicle drive force, be configured to by the output of described combustion engine produce described electrical storage device (10) charging power power facility (MG1) and for the power supply by outside vehicle the external charging portion (30) to described electrical storage device charging
The step (S140) of selecting, according to the charge condition of described electrical storage device, select the side in the 1st driving mode and the 2nd driving mode, no matter described the 1st driving mode is to use described combustion engine and described rotating machine to make the pattern how SOC of described electrical storage device mainly travels by the output of described rotating machine (MG2), and described the 2nd driving mode is the SOC of described electrical storage device is maintained to the pattern of travelling in predetermined range of control with described combustion engine and described rotating machine; With
The step (S160) of controlling, control described rotating machine and described combustion engine, make: under described the 1st driving mode,, only travel by the output of described rotating machine (MG2) when in the torque of described elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle in the 1st region (350) the inside, on the other hand, travel by described rotating machine and this two side's of described combustion engine output during in described the 1st region outside in the torque of described elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle
Described the 1st region is reflected the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax) of being set changeably and is set.
The control method of 16. elec. vehicles according to claim 15, wherein,
The step (S160) of described control comprises following step: control described rotating machine and described combustion engine, make: under described the 2nd driving mode, , only travel by the output of described rotating machine (MG2) when in the torque of described elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle in the 2nd region (340) the inside, on the other hand, travel by described rotating machine and this two side's of described combustion engine (18) output during in described the 2nd region outside in the torque of described elec. vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle, and in the time that the residual capacity of described electrical storage device is lower than described range of control, produce the charging power of described electrical storage device by described power facility,
17. according to the control method of the elec. vehicle described in any one in claim 10,11,13 and 14, wherein,
Described elec. vehicle is the electronlmobil (5#) in the only generation source using described rotating machine (MG) as described vehicle drive force, described control method also comprises the step (S160) of control, in the step (S160) of described control, control Vehicle Driving Cycle, make, in the time that the speed of a motor vehicle (V) exceedes the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax), to forbid the output of the vehicle drive force being produced by described rotating machine.
The control method of 18. elec. vehicles according to claim 11, wherein,
In the step (S150) of described setting, in the time that described SOC is low, the described upper limit speed of a motor vehicle (VMmax) is set lowlyer compared with when high with described SOC.
CN201080067707.4A 2010-06-25 2010-06-25 Electrically driven vehicle and method of controlling thereof CN102958740B (en)
PCT/JP2010/060852 WO2011161814A1 (en) 2010-06-25 2010-06-25 Electrically driven vehicle and method of controlling thereof
CN102958740A CN102958740A (en) 2013-03-06
CN102958740B true CN102958740B (en) 2014-11-12
ID=45371026
CN201080067707.4A CN102958740B (en) 2010-06-25 2010-06-25 Electrically driven vehicle and method of controlling thereof
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