Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US7859142
Timestamp: 2018-02-25 19:59:53
Document Index: 214201553

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 5', 'art 5', 'art 5', 'art 3', 'art 5', 'art 5', 'art 5', 'art 3', 'art 5', 'art 4', 'art 4', 'art 4', 'arts 4', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'arts 3', 'arts 3', 'arts 3', 'arts 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 6', 'art 4', 'art 6', 'art 4', 'art 6', 'art 4', 'art 4', 'art 4', 'art 4', 'art 6', 'art 6', 'art 4', 'art 6', 'art 4', 'art 4', 'arts 6', 'art 4', 'arts 6', 'art 3', 'art 6', 'arts 4', 'art 6', 'art 6', 'arts 4', 'art 4', 'art 5', 'art 4', 'arts 4', 'art 4', 'arts 3', 'art 5', 'arts 3', 'arts 3', 'art 5', 'art 5', 'arts 3', 'arts 3', 'art 5']

US7859142B2 - Woodworking machine with linear direct drive - Google Patents
US7859142B2
US7859142B2 US11816473 US81647306A US7859142B2 US 7859142 B2 US7859142 B2 US 7859142B2 US 11816473 US11816473 US 11816473 US 81647306 A US81647306 A US 81647306A US 7859142 B2 US7859142 B2 US 7859142B2
US11816473
US20080265689A1 (en )
Hans Ulrich Armeit
Ralph Burgstahler
Zeljko Jajtic
Hartmut Schirdewahn
Roland Schultheiss
The aim of the invention is to provide a robust, simple woodworking machine. To achieve this, the invention provides a machine comprising at least one linear direct drive, which contains a primary part (3, 3 a, 3 b, 4, 4 a, 4 b) with a first element (9, 10, 12, 14) for generating a first magnetic field and at least one additional element (17, 18, 20, 27, 28, 29, 30) for generating an additional magnetic field. The first element (9) for generating the first magnetic field is positioned, in particular, in such a way in relation to the additional element (17, 18, 20, 27, 28, 29, 30) for generating the additional magnetic field that the first magnetic field overlaps the additional magnetic field. The machine also comprises a secondary part (5, 6, 6 a, 6 b), which comprises magnetic return elements and is devoid of magnetic sources. According to the invention, the primary part (3, 3 a, 3 b, 4, 4 a, 4 b) and/or the secondary part (5, 6, 6 a, 6 b) is or are suitable for guiding or placing at least one workpiece and/or for guiding and/or placing at least one tool for machining the workpiece.
The secondary part and/or the primary part are designed, for example, such that it and/or they has/have teeth. The tooth pitch of the secondary part and the tooth pitch and/or magnet pitch of the primary part may be both the same and different. For example, if the pitch is the same, coils of a motor phase of the direct drive are grouped, and are arranged with an offset of 360°/m with respect to further coil groups in the other motor phases. The number of phases is denoted “m”. The tooth pitch of the secondary part (Tau_Sek) indicates the pole pitch of the machine (Tau_p) such that Tau_tooth,sek=2*Tau_p.
One embodiment of the electrical machine is now distinguished in that the relationship between Tau_Sec and Tau_Prim can be expressed by the following equation:
Tau_Sec=n*Tau_Prim where n=1,2,3, . . .
Tau_Sec can therefore be expressed by an integer multiple of Tau_Prim.
In a further embodiment of the electrical machine the relationship between Tau_Sec and Tau_Prim can be expressed by the equation:
Tau_Sec≠n*Tau_Prim where n=1,2,3, . . .
The pitch Tau_Sec is therefore not an integer multiple of the pitch Tau_Prim.
In a further advantageous refinement, the electrical machine according to the invention is connected to a converter. The converter is, in particular, an inverter which can be provided in order to pass current through the first means, in order to produce a first magnetic field. The linear direct drive and the converter form a drive. The electrical machine can therefore also be designed such that the primary part has a plurality of windings in which case current at a different phase angle can flow through the various windings, by using an AC voltage or an alternated current. The use of different phase angles makes it possible to produce a uniform power profile during the movement of the primary part and/or the secondary part of the electrical machine. A uniform power profile such as this can also be achieved by offsetting the phases relating to the position of the various windings on a primary part of an electrical machine with respect to the secondary part, such that this allows power to be developed more uniformly. A phase offset of 120° electrical is therefore advantageously chosen, for example, for a three-phase machine (m=3).
It is also advantageous to combine a transverse-flux alignment, that is to say a transverse-flux magnetic circuit, with a longitudinal-flux alignment, that is to say a longitudinal-flux magnetic circuit. This has the advantage that the linear direct drive can be used for different movement directions which, in the case of a linear motor for a woodworking machine, are at angles that are not equal to 0° or 180°.
The sections are in this case areas in which the magnetic flux either runs away from the secondary part 5 or runs toward the secondary part 5, depending on the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 27 and 29. The profile is illustrated by arrows 41, 43. The sum of all of the magnetic fluxes linked to the winding 10 forms a linked flux Ψ. The linked flux is produced mainly by those magnets which can form a magnetic return path via the secondary part 5. The flux arrows of different length for each magnet indicate the flux linked to the winding (coil).
The illustration in FIG. 3 shows the magnetic excitation flux 41, 43 at the time and for the position of the primary part 3 and secondary part 5 at which the current in the winding 10 is passing through zero. The position-dependent profile of the magnetic excitation flux and of the induced voltage in the winding, and of the power produced in this case, of a motor through which a current is passing are illustrated in FIG. 5. The position of the secondary part X=0 illustrated in FIG. 3 results in a negative linked flux Ψ, while a position, X=τM, which is illustrated in FIG. 4, results in a positive flux Ψ. The illustration in FIG. 4 therefore shows the secondary part 5 at a position X=τM. Therefore, when the secondary part 5 moves through one magnetic pole pitch, the flux link 39 of the coil (winding 10) therefore gradually changes from a negative value to a positive value. The way in which the change takes place can be influenced by geometry parameters such as the magnet width, air gap, tooth width (width of the bolt 33) etc. In one advantageous refinement the aim is to achieve a variation which is as sinusoidal as possible.
The illustration in FIG. 5 shows the magnetic linked flux Ψ, the induced voltage Ul resulting from this and the electrical power Pel,ph of a phase/winding in the form of three graphs plotted against time. The phase profile is represented by the indication of the phase position of the voltage. The profile of the flux Ψ also reflects the profile of the magnetic field 90 which, for example, can be produced by means of permanent magnets. For optimum power to be formed from one phase, the current must flow in phase with the induced voltage. Furthermore, the positions X=0 and X=τM are shown, with these positions together with the further illustrated profiles of the flux Ψ, voltage Ui and electrical power Pel,ph relating to the symbolic illustration in FIGS. 3 and 4. The third graph, in which the electrical power is plotted, shows that the number of motor phases m must be greater and/or equal to 2 for a constant power (˜force). Three phases are advantageously chosen since three-phase converters require fewer semiconductor valves than those having two phases or more than two phases.
The illustration in FIG. 6 is intended to show the technical principle, and illustrates the production of a force F. In order to make the formation of the force in the longitudinal direction of a linear motor somewhat clearer, an auxiliary model is introduced. A permanent magnet 27 is replaced by currents on an envelope surface associated with it. The permanent magnet 27 can therefore be represented, for example, in an imaginary form by a cuboid, with current flowing on the side surfaces of the cuboid 69, as illustrated. The permanent magnet 27 can therefore be represented in a model 71 by a winding, in which case, according to the model, the direction of the current within the winding is represented by a dot 23 or a cross 25. In the illustration 2D the magnet is reduced to the conductor cross section of the equivalent currents. If the magnets are now substituted in the side view of the primary part, this results in the following arrangement. The magnetic field produced by the winding 9 is concentrated in the air gap 21 at the locations of the bolts 33, which are used as flux guides, since this is where the least magnetic reluctance occurs. The fictional conductors are therefore located in the field of the phase coil, increasing it on one side and weakening it on the other side. The conductors “soften” in the area of reduced film strength, as is illustrated by the direction of the force F acting on the primary part in FIG. 6. This relationship is also described by the “right-hand rule”, in which the current, the magnetic field and the force F are mutually perpendicular. When the primary part 3 and the secondary part 5 are in the position with respect to one another X=τM/2 illustrated in FIG. 6, the phase current, that is to say the current through the winding 9, reaches its maximum.
The illustration in FIG. 9 shows a further development of an electrical machine 2 as shown in FIG. 8. The primary part 4 is in this case designed such that it has pole shoes 79. The pole shoes 79 broaden the contact area for permanent magnets 28, 30. This makes it possible to increase the force produced by the electrical machine 2. Since the enlargement of the area for positioning of the permanent magnets narrows the area in which a winding 9 can be inserted in the primary part, the primary part 4 is advantageously designed to have a winding former 81. The winding former 81 has both a pole shoe 79 and a winding neck 84. The winding 9 can be wound around the winding neck 84 and can then be inserted into the primary part 4. The winding former 81 is advantageously held in the primary part by means of tabs 83. FIG. 9 shows the winding 9 as one phase R of a motor. Further motor phases (for example Y and B) can be provided by physically identical primary parts 4, although this is not illustrated. In the illustrated position, the permanent magnets 28 and 30 produce the magnetic excitation fluxes 86, whose sum forms the flux link Ψ for the coil 9. As can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 9, the magnetic excitation fluxes 86, which represent a useful flux, form a longitudinal-flux magnetic circuit.
The illustration in FIG. 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an electrical machine 2, in which this machine can now be formed from three winding sections R, Y and B. Each winding section is intended for one phase of a three-phase power supply system. The required phase shift is achieved by geometrically offsetting the winding sections with respect to one another. The geometric offset Δx in this case corresponds to 120° electrical for the illustrated three-phase machine. FIG. 11 also differs from FIG. 10 in that, for example, each phase R, Y and B is associated not only with a tooth coil 9 but with two tooth coils 12 and 14 thereof for a respective phase R, Y and B.
The illustration in FIG. 14 shows, schematically, a comparison of a primary part 3 with a transverse-flux magnetic circuit 115 and a primary part 4 with a longitudinal-flux magnetic circuit 117. The primary parts 3, 4 are, in particular, primary parts 3, 4 of a synchronous motor with permanent-magnet excitation, which is not illustrated in this FIG., and which has permanent magnets in the primary part, with the permanent magnets likewise not being illustrated in this figure. The magnetic flux φ is in each case indicated only symbolically. Further means for producing the magnetic flux φ, for example windings through which current can be passed, are also not illustrated, for the sake of clarity. One possible movement direction 11 is indicated by an arrow. A secondary part which is associated with the respective primary parts 3 and 4 is not illustrated in FIG. 14. The illustration also shows that the configuration of the lamination in the primary parts 3 and 4 depends on the alignment of the respective magnetic circuit 115 and 117. In the case of the transverse-flux magnetic circuit 115, the magnetic excitation flux φ circuit is mainly closed on a plane aligned transversely with respect to the movement direction 11. The motor laminates used for lamination of the primary part 3, 4 follow the flux plane and, for example, are stacked in a longitudinal extent of the primary part 3, with the longitudinal extent being the extent of the primary part 3 in the movement direction 11.
The illustration in FIG. 15 shows a comparison of electrical machines 2 a and 2 b which are linear motors. The electrical machine 2 a has a primary part 4 a which has teeth 98, with permanent magnets 17 which have a different magnetization direction 94 being fitted in each case to one tooth 98. The permanent magnets 17 are fitted to the side of the primary part facing an air gap 105. The magnetization direction 94 of the permanent magnets 17 is mainly at right angles to an air-gap plane.
As shown in FIG. 15, one tooth coil 9 is wound around each of the teeth 98. Since each of the teeth 98 now have permanent magnets 17 with opposite magnetization directions 94, this results in a magnetic alternating flux relative to the secondary part 6 during movement of the primary part 4 a. The electrical machine 2 a therefore has an alternating-flux arrangement. A magnetic alternating flux is produced in the magnetic circuit during relative movement of the secondary part 6 with respect to the primary part 4 a, by means of the permanent magnets 17, which are used to form a (magnetic) excitation field. The magnetization directions 94 of the individual permanent magnets 17 are therefore aligned such that a magnetic alternating flux is produced by a movement of the toothed secondary part 6 in the magnetic-circuit sections of the primary part 4 a in which coils are fitted.
The electrical machine 2 b in FIG. 15 also has a primary part 4 b which has teeth 98. In contrast to the electrical machine 2 a, the teeth 98 in the electrical machine 2 b have only one permanent magnet 17 for each tooth 98. Since the permanent magnet 17 has a magnetization direction 94, each tooth 98 is associated with only one magnetization direction 94. An electrical machine 2 b can also be designed in such a way that one tooth 98 has a plurality of permanent magnets, but these each have the same magnetization direction with respect to a tooth 98. This embodiment variant is not illustrated explicitly in FIG. 15.
In the electrical machine 2 b, the magnetization directions 94 also change with the teeth 98 on the primary part 4 b. Each tooth therefore alternately has a different magnetization direction 94. Since the teeth 98 now have permanent magnets 17 with opposite magnetization directions 94, this results in a magnetic flux in the same sense during movement of the primary part 4 b relative to the secondary part 6. The electrical machine 2 b therefore has a same-sense flux arrangement. A magnetic flux in the same sense is produced in the magnetic circuit during relative movement of the secondary part 6 with respect to the primary part 4 b, by means of the permanent magnets 17, which are used to form a (magnetic) excitation field. The magnetization directions 94 of the individual permanent magnets 17 in the electrical machine 2 b shown in FIG. 15 are aligned such that a movement of the toothed secondary part 6 in the magnetic-circuit sections of the primary part 4 b which are fitted with coils leads to a magnetic flux in the same sense, with the magnetic flux in the same sense not changing its direction and oscillating between a maximum value and a minimum value, periodically.
In the illustrations shown in FIG. 15 or else FIG. 12, an arrangement has been chosen in which a force effect can be achieved between a primary part and a secondary part. The illustration in FIG. 16 shows an arrangement of an electrical machine which has a primary part 4 and two secondary parts 6 a and 6 b. A force effect is therefore produced between only one primary part 4 and two secondary parts 6 a and 6 b. This results in the force that can be produced being approximately doubled. The teeth 98 of the primary part 3 of the linear motor as shown in FIG. 16 each have two pole shoes 79, with one secondary part 6 a or 6 b facing each pole shoe 79. This embodiment of the electrical machine 2 as shown in FIG. 16 is a type of development of the electrical machine 2 shown in FIG. 12.
The illustration in FIG. 17 shows an arrangement of an electrical machine 2 which has two primary parts 4 a and 4 b and only one associated secondary part 6. A force effect is therefore produced between only one secondary part 6 and two primary parts 4 a and 4 b. This results in the force that can be produced being approximately doubled. The teeth 3 on the secondary part of the linear motor 2 shown in FIG. 16 have a respective primary part 4 a and 4 b aligned on each of the two sides. Teeth 33 on the one secondary part 5 are therefore associated with each primary part 4 a and 4 b. This embodiment of the electrical machine 2 shown in FIG. 17 is a type of development of the electrical machine 2 shown in FIG. 12. The arrangement of the primary parts 4 a and 4 b on two sides is in this case not restricted to the embodiment of the primary part 4 a illustrated in FIG. 16, in which the permanent magnets 17 are embedded in a soft-magnetic material 119. It is also possible to use primary parts which have permanent magnets on the pole shoes, for example as shown in FIG. 10.
By way of example, the illustration in FIG. 18 shows the magnetic field profile for an electrical machine 1 which has two primary parts 3 a and 3 b and one secondary part 5. The primary parts 3 a and 3 b have permanent magnets 17 and a winding 9. The illustration in FIG. 18 shows the magnetic flux 86 which results from a current through the winding 91 which is represented by dashed lines, of the primary parts. The magnetic flux 86 illustrated in FIG. 18 ignores the magnetic flux produced by the permanent magnets.
The illustration in FIG. 19, like FIG. 18, shows, by way of example, the magnetic field profile for an electrical machine 1 which has two primary parts 3 a and 3 b and one secondary part 5, with the magnetic field profile illustrated in FIG. 19 being produced just by the permanent magnets 17. The magnetic flux 86 illustrated in FIG. 19 ignores the magnetic flux produced by the primary part windings 9, through which current can flow.
Like FIGS. 18 and 19, the illustration in FIG. 20 shows, by way of example, the magnetic field profile for an electrical machine 1 in which the magnetic fields from the permanent magnets 17 and from the winding 9 through which current can pass are now superimposed. FIG. 20 therefore shows the superimposition of the magnetic fields illustrated individually in FIG. 18 and in FIG. 19. Furthermore, FIG. 20 shows that the secondary part 5 is arranged between two primary parts 3 a and 3 b, with this arrangement being used to form a common magnetic circuit, which affects both primary parts 3 a, 3 b and the secondary part 5.
at least one linear direct drive having a primary part including a first means for producing a first magnetic field and a second means for producing a second magnetic field; and
a secondary part constructed to provide a magnetic return path and constructed to be free of magnetic sources,
wherein at least one member selected from the group consisting of the primary part and the secondary part is constructed for guiding or setting at least one member selected from the group consisting of a workpiece, and a tool for machining the workpiece in the woodworking machine,
wherein the secondary part has a tooth pitch which is not an integer multiple of a magnet pitch of the primary part, with the tooth pitch of the secondary part being greater than the tooth pitch of the primary part, and
wherein the primary part has a tooth and a magnet, said magnet being vertically positioned substantially in midsection of the tooth.
9. A woodworking machine, comprising:
a plurality of linear direct drives for allowing a machining of workpieces in one or more levels, each said linear direct drive having a primary part including a first means for producing a first magnetic field and a second means for producing a second magnetic field; and
wherein at least one member selected from the group consisting of the primary part and the secondary part is constructed for guiding or setting at least one member selected from the group consisting of a workpiece, and a tool for machining the workpiece, and
wherein the secondary part has a tooth pitch which is not an integer multiple of a magnet pitch of the primary part, with tooth pitch of the secondary part being greater than the tooth pitch of the primary part, and
US11816473 2005-02-17 2006-02-07 Woodworking machine with linear direct drive Active 2026-06-13 US7859142B2 (en)
DE200510007489 DE102005007489A1 (en) 2005-02-17 2005-02-17 Woodworking machine with linear direct drive
DE102005007489.8 2005-02-17
DE102005007489 2005-02-17
PCT/EP2006/050711 WO2006087274A3 (en) 2005-02-17 2006-02-07 Woodworking machine comprising a linear direct drive
US20080265689A1 true US20080265689A1 (en) 2008-10-30
US7859142B2 true US7859142B2 (en) 2010-12-28
ID=36283074
US11816473 Active 2026-06-13 US7859142B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2006-02-07 Woodworking machine with linear direct drive
US (1) US7859142B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2008530973A (en)
CN (1) CN101120500A (en)
DE (1) DE102005007489A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006087274A3 (en)
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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARMEIT, HANS ULRICH;BURGSTAHLER, RALPH;JAJTIC, ZELJKO, DR.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:019706/0091;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070709 TO 20070713
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARMEIT, HANS ULRICH;BURGSTAHLER, RALPH;JAJTIC, ZELJKO, DR.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070709 TO 20070713;REEL/FRAME:019706/0091