Source: http://www.ussc.gov/guidelines/2015-guidelines-manual/archive/2001-2m61
Timestamp: 2016-08-27 22:16:03
Document Index: 66079086

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2', '§2', '§2', '§2', '§ 175', '§ 2332', '§ 2077', '§ 178', '§\n229', '§ 1219', '§ 1101', '§ 229', '§\n229', '§ 229', '§ 831', '§ 831', 'art 72', '§\n178', '§\n178', '§ 2332']

2001 2m6_1 | United States Sentencing Commission
2001 2m6_1
2001 Federal Sentencing Guideline Manual§2M6.1. Unlawful Production, Development, Acquisition,
Stockpiling, Alteration, Use, Transfer, or Possession of Nuclear Material,
Weapons, or Facilities, Biological Agents, Toxins, or Delivery Systems,
Chemical Weapons, or Other Weapons of Mass Destruction; Attempt or
Conspiracy(a) Base Offense Level (Apply the Greatest): (1) 42, if the offense was committed with intent (A) to injure the
United States; or (B) to aid a foreign nation or a foreign terrorist
organization; (2) 28, if subsections (a)(1) and (a)(3) do not apply;
or (3) 20, if the offense (A) involved a threat to use a nuclear weapon,
nuclear material, or nuclear by-product material, a chemical weapon, a
biological agent, toxin, or delivery system, or a weapon of mass destruction;
but (B) did not involve any conduct evidencing an intent or ability to carry
out the threat.(b) Specific Offense Characteristics (1) If (A) subsection (a)(2) or (a)(3) applies; and (B) the offense
involved a threat to use, or otherwise involved (i) a select biological agent;
(ii) a listed precursor or a listed toxic chemical; (iii) nuclear material or
nuclear byproduct material; or (iv) a weapon of mass destruction that contains
any agent, precursor, toxic chemical, or material referred to in subdivision
(i), (ii), or (iii), increase by 2 levels. (2) If (A) subsection (a)(2) applies; and (B)(i) any victim died or
sustained permanent or life-threatening bodily injury, increase by 4 levels;
(ii) any victim sustained serious bodily injury, increase by 2 levels; or (iii)
the degree of injury is between that specified in subdivisions (i) and (ii),
increase by 3 levels. (3) If (A) subsection (a)(2) or (a)(3) applies; and (B) the offense
resulted in (i) substantial disruption of public, governmental, or business
functions or services; or (ii) a substantial expenditure of funds to clean up,
decontaminate, or otherwise respond to the offense, increase by 4
levels.(c) Cross References (1) If the offense resulted in death, apply §2A1.1 (First Degree
Murder) if the death was caused intentionally or knowingly, or §2A1.2
(Second Degree Murder) otherwise, if the resulting offense level is greater
than that determined above. (2) If the offense was tantamount to attempted murder, apply
§2A2.1 (Assault with Intent to Commit Murder; Attempted Murder), if the
resulting offense level is greater than that determined above.(d)Special Instruction (1) If the defendant is convicted of a single count involving (A)
conduct that resulted in the death or permanent, life-threatening, or serious
bodily injury of more than one victim, or (B) conduct tantamount to the
attempted murder of more than one victim, Chapter Three, Part D (Multiple
Counts) shall be applied as if such conduct in respect to each victim had been
contained in a separate count of conviction. CommentaryStatutory Provisions: 18 U.S.C. §§ 175, 229, 831,
842(p)(2), 2332a (only with respect to weapons of mass destruction as defined
in 18 U.S.C. § 2332a(c)(2)(B), (C), and (D), but including any biological
agent, toxin, or vector); 42 U.S.C. §§ 2077(b), 2122, 2131. For
Index).Application Notes:1. Definitions.For purposes of this guideline:"Biological agent" has the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C.
§ 178(1)."Chemical weapon" has the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C. §
229F(1)."Foreign terrorist organization" (A) means an organization that
engages in terrorist activity that threatens the security of a national of the
United States or the national security of the United States; and (B) includes
an organization designated by the Secretary of State as a foreign terrorist
organization pursuant to section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. § 1219). "National of the United States" has the meaning given that
term in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
§ 1101(a)(22))."Listed precursor or a listed toxic chemical" means a precursor or a
toxic chemical, respectively, listed in Schedule I of the Annex on Chemicals to
the Chemical Weapons Convention. See 18 U.S.C. § 229F(6)(B),
(8)(B). "Precursor" has the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C. §
229F(6)(A). "Toxic chemical" has the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C.
§ 229F(8)(A)."Nuclear byproduct material" has the meaning given that term in 18
U.S.C. § 831(f)(2)."Nuclear material" has the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C.
§ 831(f)(1)."Select biological agent" means a biological agent or toxin
identified by the Secretary of Health and Human Services on the select agent
list established pursuant to section 511(d) of the Antiterrorism and Effective
Death Penalty Act, Pub. L. 104132. See 42 C.F.R. part 72. "Toxin" has the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C. §
178(2)."Vector" has the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C. §
178(4)."Weapon of mass destruction" has the meaning given that term in 18
U.S.C. § 2332a(c)(2)(B), (C), and (D).2. Threat Cases.Subsection (a)(3) applies in cases that
involved a threat to use a weapon, agent, or material covered by this guideline
but that did not involve any conduct evidencing an intent or ability to carry
out the threat. For example, subsection (a)(3) would apply in a case in which
the defendant threatened to contaminate an area with anthrax and also dispersed
into the area a substance that appeared to be anthrax but that the defendant
knew to be harmless talcum powder. In such a case, the dispersal of talcum
powder does not evidence an intent on the defendants part to carry out
the threat. In contrast, subsection (a)(3) would not apply in a case in which
into the area a substance that the defendant believed to be anthrax but that in
fact was harmless talcum powder. In such a case, the dispersal of talcum powder
was conduct evidencing an intent to carry out the threat because of the
defendants belief that the talcum powder was anthrax. Subsection (a)(3) shall not apply in any case involving both a threat
to use any weapon, agent, or material covered by this guideline and the
possession of that weapon, agent, or material. In such a case, possession of
the weapon, agent, or material is conduct evidencing an intent to use that
weapon, agent, or material. 3. Application of Special Instruction.Subsection (d)
applies in any case in which the defendant is convicted of a single count
involving (A) the death or permanent, life-threatening, or serious bodily
injury of more than one victim, or (B) conduct tantamount to the attempted
murder of more than one victim, regardless of whether the offense level is
determined under this guideline or under another guideline in Chapter Two
(Offense Conduct) by use of a cross reference under subsection (c).Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987.
Amended effective November 1, 2001 (see Appendix C, amendment
633). USSC HelpLine