Source: http://www.mxak.org/regulations/46CFR/46cfr197.htm
Timestamp: 2017-12-17 17:44:49
Document Index: 330220311

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', '§ 197', 'art 197', 'art 197', 'art 197', 'art 197', 'art 197', 'art 197', '§4', 'art 51', 'art 197']

§ 197.480 Logbooks.
§ 197.482 Logbook entries.
§ 197.484 Notice of casualty.
§ 197.486 Written report of casualty.
§ 197.488 Retention of records after casualty.
§ 197.501 Applicability.
§ 197.505 Definitions.
§ 197.510 Incorporation by reference.
§ 197.515 Permissible exposure limits (PELs).
§ 197.520 Performance standard.
§ 197.525 Responsibility of the person in charge.
§ 197.530 Persons other than employees.
§ 197.535 Regulated areas.
§ 197.540 Determination of personal exposure.
§ 197.545 Program to reduce personal exposure.
§ 197.550 Respiratory protection.
§ 197.555 Personal protective clothing and equipment.
§ 197.560 Medical surveillance.
§ 197.565 Notifying personnel of benzene hazards.
§ 197.570 Recordkeeping.
§ 197.575 Observation of monitoring.
§ 197.580 Appendices.
Appendix A to Subpart C to Part 197—Sample Substance Safety Data Sheet, Benzene
Appendix B to Subpart C to Part 197—Substance Technical Guidelines, Benzene
Appendix C to Subpart C to Part 197—Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Benzene
Appendix D to Subpart C to Part 197—Sampling and Analytical Methods for Benzene Monitoring—Measurement Procedures
Appendix E to Subpart C to Part 197—Respirator Fit Tests
Appendix F to Subpart C to Part 197—Sample Worker Certification Form
PVHO means pressure vessel for human occupancy but does not include pressure vessels for human occupancy that may be subjected to external pressures in excess of 15 psig but can only be subjected to maximum internal pressures of 15 psig or less ( i.e. , submersibles, or one atmosphere observation bells).
(a) The person-in-charge of a vessel or facility, that is required by 46 U.S.C. 11301 to have an official logbook, shall maintain the logbook on form CG–706.
[CGD 76–009, 43 FR 53683, Nov. 16, 1978, as amended by CGD 95–028, 62 FR 51220, Sept. 30, 1997]
[CGD 76–009, 43 FR 53683, Nov. 16, 1978, as amended by USCG–1999–6216, 64 FR 53229, Oct. 1, 1999]
[CGD 76–009, 43 FR 53683, Nov. 16, 1978, as amended by CGD 95–072, 60 FR 50469, Sept. 29, 1995]
(a) On Form CG–2692, when the diving installation is on a vessel.
(d) The report required by this section must include information relating to alcohol or drug involvement as required by §4.05–12 of this chapter.
(The reporting requirement in paragraph (a) was approved by OMB under control number 1625–0001)
[CGD 76–009, 43 FR 53683, Nov. 16, 1978, as amended by CGD 82–023, 47 FR 35748, Aug. 16, 1982; 48 FR 43328, Sept. 23, 1983; CGD 84–099, 52 FR 47536, Dec. 14, 1987; USCG–2006–25697, 71 FR 55747, Sept. 25, 2006]
Source: CGD 88–040, 56 FR 52135, Oct. 17, 1991, unless otherwise noted.
[CGD 88–040, 56 FR 52135, Oct. 17, 1991; 56 FR 65006, Dec. 13, 1991]
Benzene means liquefied or gaseous benzene (C6H6; Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 71–43–2) and includes benzene contained in liquid mixtures and the benzene vapors released by these mixtures. The term does not include trace amounts of unreacted benzene contained in solid materials.
(a) Certain materials are incorporated by reference into this subpart with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 522(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than the one listed in paragraph (b) of this section, notice of the change must be published in theFederal Registerand the material made available to the public. All approved material is on file at U.S. Coast Guard, Office of Operating and Environmental Standards (G-MSO), 2100 Second Street, SW., Washington, DC 20593–0001 and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. All approved material is available from the sources indicated in paragraph (b) of this section.
[CGD 88–040, 56 FR 52135, Oct. 17, 1991, as amended by CGD 95–072, 60 FR 50469, Sept. 29, 1995; CGD 96–041, 61 FR 50735, Sept. 27, 1996; 61 FR 52497, Oct. 7, 1996; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004]
[CGD 88–040, 56 FR 52135, Oct. 17, 1991; 56 FR 65006, Dec. 13, 1991; CGD 95–028, 62 FR 51221, Sept. 30, 1997]
1Canisters for non-powered air purifying respirators must have a minimum service life of four hours when tested at 150 ppm benzene, at a flow rate of 64 liters/minute at 25°C and 85% relative humidity. Canisters for powered air-purifying respirators must have a flow rate of 115 liters/minute (for tight fitting respirators) or 170 liters/minute (for loose fitting respirators).
(3) The air purifying element of air-purifying respirators must be replaced when the employee detects breakthrough or after a period not to exceed eight hours, which ever comes first. The element must also be replaced at the start of each shift. An air purifying element with an end of useful life indicator approved by MSHA or NIOSH for benzene may be used until the indicator indicates end of useful life even if this exceeds eight hours.
(i) The hemoglobin or the hematocrit falls below the normal limit (outside the 95% confidence interval (C.I.)), as determined by the laboratory, or the hemoglobin or hematocrit shows a persistent downward trend from the employee's pre-exposure norms, if these findings can not be explained by other medical reasons.
(e) Emergency medical examinations. (1) Whenever an employee is exposed to benzene resulting from an emergency, a sample of that employee's urine must be taken at the end of the employee's shift and a urinary phenol test must be performed on the sample within 72 hours. Where due to unavoidable circumstances the sample can not be tested by a laboratory within 72 hours of exposure, the sample shall be frozen until it can be delivered to the laboratory. The specific gravity of the urine must be corrected to 1.024. Since certain foods and medications can result in elevated phenol levels, the employee must provide the physician with a dietary and medication history.
(2) Formula: C6H6(CAS Registry Number: 71–43–2).
(2) A careful examination of the peripheral blood smear is an important diagnostic test. As with the reticulocyte count, the smear should be with fresh uncoagulated blood obtained from a needle tip following venipuncture or from a drop of earlobe blood (capillary blood). If necessary, the smear may, under certain limited conditions, be made from a blood sample anticoagulated with EDTA (but never with oxalate or heparin). When the smear is to be prepared from a specimen of venous blood which has been collected by a commercial Vacutainer®type tube containing neutral EDTA, the smear should be made as soon as possible after the venesection. A delay of up to 12 hours is permissible between the drawing of the blood specimen into EDTA and the preparation of the smear if the blood is stored at refrigerator (not freezing) temperature.
(iv) A careful search must be made of every blood smear for immature white cells such as band forms (in more than normal proportion, i.e. , over ten percent of the total differential count), any number of metamyelocytes, myelocytes, or myeloblasts. Any nucleate or multinucleated red blood cells should be reported. Large “giant” platelets or fragments of megakaryocytes must be recognized.
(v) Individuals documented to have developed acute myelogenous leukemia years after initial exposure to benzene may have progressed through a preliminary phase of hematologic abnormality. In some instances, pancytopenia ( i.e. , a lowering in the counts of all circulating blood cells of bone marrow origin, but not to the extent implied by the term “aplastic anemia”) preceded leukemia for many years. Depression of a single blood cell type or platelets may represent a harbinger of aplasia or leukemia. The finding of two or more cytopenias or pancytopenia in a benzene-exposed individual must be regarded as highly suspicious of more advanced, although still reversible, toxicity. Pancytopenia coupled with the appearance of immature cells (myelocytes, myeloblasts, erythroblasts, etc.) with abnormal cells (pseudo Pelger-Huet anomaly, atypical nuclear heterochromatin, etc.) or of unexplained elevations of white blood cells must be regarded as evidence of benzene overexposure, unless proved otherwise. Many severely aplastic patients manifested the ominous finding of five to ten percent myeloblasts in the marrow, occasional myeloblasts and myelocytes in the blood, and 20 to 30 percent monocytes. It is evident that isolated cytopenias, pancytopenias, and even aplastic anemias induced by benzene may be reversible and complete recovery has been reported on cessation of exposure. However, because any of these abnormalities is serious, the employee must immediately be removed from any possible exposure to benzene vapor. Certain tests may substantiate the employee's prospects for progression or regression. One such test would be an examination of the bone marrow, but the decision to perform a bone marrow aspiration or needle biopsy must be made by the hematologist.
Measurements taken for the purpose of determining employee exposure to benzene are best taken so that the representative average eight-hour exposure may be determined from a single eight-hour sample or two four-hour samples. Short-time interval samples (or grab samples) may also be used to determine average exposure level if a minimum of five measurements are taken in a random manner over the eight-hour work shift. In random sampling, any portion of the work shift has the same chance of being sampled as any other. The arithmetic average of all random samples taken on one work shift is an estimate of an employee's average level of exposure for that work shift. Air samples should be taken in the employee's breathing zone ( i.e. , air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee). Sampling and analysis must be performed with procedures meeting the requirements of 46 CFR part 197, subpart C.
3.4. Column (10 ft.×1/8 in. stainless steel) packed with 80/100 Supelcoport coated with 20 percent SP 2100 and 0.1 percent CW 1500.
mg/m3 =(A)(B)/(C)(D)
A=µg/ml benzene, obtained from the calibration curve; B=desorption volume (one ml); C=liters of air sampled; and D=desorption efficiency.
ppm=(mg/m3 )(24.46)/(78.11).
24.46=molar volume of an ideal gas 25 °C and 760 mm; and 78.11=molecular weight of benzene.
3 662.0 X=640.2
4 641.1 SD=14.9
5 636.4 CV=0.023
CV=0.008
X=99.4
3.2. HPLC Column that will separate benzene from other components in the bulk sample being analyzed. The column used for validation studies was a Waters uBondapack C18, 30 cm×3.9 mm.
Because the integrator is programmed to report results in % benzene by volume in an undiluted sample, the following equation is used: % Benzene by Volume=A×B.
Where: A=% by volume on report. B=Dilution Factor. (B=one for undiluted sample).
3 43822 X=44040.1
4 44062 SD=852.5
6 42724 CV=0.019
CV=0.017
(a) The test subject must be allowed to select the most comfortable respirator from a selection of respirators of various sizes. The selection must include at least three sizes of elastomeric facepieces for the type of respirator that is to be tested ( i.e. , three sizes of half mask or three sizes of full facepiece).
(4) Moving head up and down. Standing in place, the subject must slowly move his or her head up and down. The subject must be instructed to inhale in the up position ( i.e. , when looking toward the ceiling).
(ii) The test enclosure must have a3/4inch hole in front of the test subject's nose and mouth area to accommodate the nebulizer nozzle.
(9) The time lag ( i.e. , the interval between an event and the recording of the event on the strip chart, computer, or integrator) must be kept to a minimum. There must be a clear association between the occurrence of an event inside the test chamber and the recording of that event.