Source: https://moodle.moot.academy/mod/page/view.php?id=58
Timestamp: 2020-07-05 10:46:22
Document Index: 95037404

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 80', 'Art. 80', 'Art. 80', 'Art. 79', 'Art. 80', 'Art. 77', 'Art. 80', 'Art. 80', 'Art. 80', 'Art. 80', 'Art. 79']

EssentialsCourse: b. Failures to Perform Caused by the Other Party
Art. 80 reads:
Exemption under Art. 80 requires an act or omission by a party that caused a breach of the other party. Examples for acts include faulty instructions regarding manufacturing or transporting the goods. Omissions are e.g. failures of the buyer to provide the correct delivery address or take care of the necessary import procedure. This act or omission has to be the cause for the failure to perform of the other party. Fault of the first party is not required. The other party is even exempt under Art. 80 where the act or omission of the first party would fall within the ambit of Art. 79 since this provision does not change the chain of causation and furthermore its effect is restricted to damage claims (it would therefore exclude damage claims of the other party resulting from the first parties act or omission, see infra). The requirement of causation of the failure to perform also distinguishes Art. 80 from Art. 77, under which the aggrieved party did not cause the non-performance but rather contributed to the damage resulting from a failure to perform entirely caused by the breaching party.
Whether Art. 80 applies in cases where the failure to perform by the other party was merely in part but not exclusively caused by the first party’s act or omission is disputed. The prevailing view relies on the wording of the provision (‘to the extent that’) and the drafting history and comes to the conclusion that Art. 80 also applies in cases of joint responsibility. Decisive in these cases is the share of responsibility attributed to the first party.
The legal consequence of Art. 80 is that the first party cannot rely on the other party’s failure to perform. Notably, exemption under Art. 80 is not – like it is the case under Art. 79(5) – restricted to claims for damages, rather all remedies are encompassed.
In case of joint responsibility, particularly of both parties, monetary claims like claims for damages are apportioned according to the respective shares of responsibility of both parties. Non-monetary remedies like performance or avoidance of the contract on the other hand cannot be apportioned. Here, some authors only allow the first party to rely on a failure to perform where its share of responsibility is outweighed by the other party’s. Yet, this approach is criticized for its more or less arbitrary results due to the fact that shares of responsibility cannot be compared with mathematical accuracy. It is therefore suggested that the first party can only exercise non-monetary remedies where it is willing to pay the other party an amount of money corresponding to its share of responsibility.
Last modified: Friday, 23 October 2015, 6:43 PM
◄ gg. Burden of Proof
Jump to... Jump to... Welcome to the Moot Academy Essentials Course! A. Introduction Video: Historic Overview B. Part I of the Convention - Sphere of Application and General Provisions I. Sphere of Application and General Provisions Video: Sphere of Application 1. Contract for the Sale of Goods a. Sale b. Goods 2. Internationality II. Party Autonomy Video: Freedom of Contract Video: CISG in Practice III. Matters Covered, Interpretation and Gap-filling 1. Matters Covered 2. Interpretation of the Convention 3. Gap-filling IV. Interpretation of Party Statements V. Usages and Practices VI. Freedom of Form C. Part. II of the Convention - Formation of the Contract I. Offer 1. Sufficiently Definite 2. Intention to be Bound 3. Effectiveness and Reaching 4. Withdrawal 5. Revocation 6. Termination 7. Standard Terms II. Acceptance 1. Indication of Assent 2. Assent With Modifications a. Generally New Offer b. Exception in Case of Immaterial Alterations c. Battle of the Forms 3. Period of Time for Acceptance III. Modification or Termination of Contract D. Part III of the Convention – Sale of Goods VII. Damages Video: Damages 1 1. Calculation of Damages a. General Principles b. Concrete Calculation c. Concrete Calculation After Avoidance d. Abstract Calculation After Avoidance Video: Damages 2 2. Duty to Mitigate 3. Exemption a. Impediments to Performance aa. Scope of Application bb. Requirements cc. Third Persons dd. Temporary Impediments ee. Legal Consequences ff. Specifically: Hardship gg. Burden of Proof VIII. Interest Video: The Right to Avoid the Contract 1 Video: The Right to Avoid the Contract 2 A. Introduction Video: Main Characteristics B. Main Characteristics of Arbitration I. Party Autonomy II. The Freedom to Choose the Laws Governing the Arbitration and to Choose Between Ad Hoc and Institutionalized Proceedings III. Appointment of the Arbitrators IV. Confidentiality of the Proceedings V. No Appellate Level Video: Distinction From Other Types of Dispute Resolution VI. Distinction from other Means of Alternative Dispute Resolution Video: Advantages and Disadvantages C. Advantages and Disadvantages of Arbitration Video: Validity of the Arbitration Agreement D. The Arbitration Agreement Video: Drafting an Arbitration Agreement Video: The Applicable Law E. The Applicable Law I. To the Arbitration Agreement II. To the Arbitration Proceedings III. To the Substance of the Dispute Video: The Arbitral Tribunal F. The Arbitral Tribunal Video: The Arbitral Proceedings G. The Arbitral Proceedings I. Initiation of the Proceedings II. Preliminary Measures III. Hearing IV. Taking of Evidence Video: Discovery V. Interim and Conservatory Measures VI. Rendering the Award Video: Attacking the Arbitral Award H. Attacking the Award I. Setting Aside Procedure II. Refusal of Enforcement About the author Further Resources Tutorial Legal Research and Writing Video: Introduction Video: Establishing the Basis Video: Judicature Video: Statutes and Regulations Video: Legal Doctrine Video: Legal Writing In Focus: CRAC In Focus: Structure In Focus: Responsiveness Video: Citations Video: Sources of Further Information and Concluding Remarks Vis Moot Specifics Content of a Memorandum Formal Requirements Useful Resources for Research Video: Vis Moot Dos and Don'ts Overview: Vis Moot Dos and Don'ts Video: Mock Arbitrations Video: Q&A with Prof. Dr. iur. Ingeborg Schwenzer, LL.M. Video: Harry Flechtner's CISG Song Feedback Moot Academy
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