Source: https://sovereignthink.wordpress.com/2010/11/27/combating-online-infringement-and-counterfeits-act-text/?replytocom=937
Timestamp: 2020-08-15 17:48:47
Document Index: 207709838

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 2319', '§ 2319', '§ 101', '§ 201', '§ 301', '§ 401', '§ 501', '§ 601', '§ 701', '§ 801', '§ 901', '§ 1001', '§ 1201', '§ 1301']

Combating Online Infringement and Counterfeits Act – Text | Sovereignthink
Combating Online Infringement and Counterfeits Act – Text
(a) Definitions- For purposes of this Act–
(1) an Internet site is ‘dedicated to infringing activities’ if such site–
(i) primarily designed, or has no demonstrable commercially significant purpose or use other than, or is marketed by its operator, or by a person acting in concert with the operator–
(3) the term ‘Lanham Act’ means the Act entitled ‘An Act to provide for the registration and protection of trademarks used in commerce, to carry out the provisions of certain international conventions, and for other purposes’, approved July 5, 1946 (commonly referred to as the ‘Trademark Act of 1946’ or the ‘Lanham Act’).
(b) Injunctive Relief- On application of the Attorney General following the commencement of an action pursuant to subsection (c), the court may issue a temporary restraining order, a preliminary injunction, or an injunction against the domain name used by an Internet site dedicated to infringing activities to cease and desist from undertaking any further activity in violation of this section, in accordance with rule 65 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. A party described in subsection (e) receiving an order issued pursuant to this section shall take the appropriate actions described in subsection (e).
(c) In Rem Action-
(1) IN GENERAL- The Attorney General may commence an in rem action against any domain name or names used by an Internet site in the judicial district in which the domain name registrar or domain name registry for at least 1 such domain name is located or doing business, or, if pursuant to subsection (d)(2), in the District of Columbia, if–
(A) the domain name is used by an Internet site dedicated to infringing activities; and
(B) the Attorney General simultaneously–
(i) sends a notice of the alleged violation and intent to proceed under this subsection to the registrant of the domain name at the postal and e-mail address provided by the registrant to the registrar, if available; and
(ii) publishes notice of the action as the court may direct promptly after filing the action.
(2) SERVICE OF PROCESS- For purposes of this section, the actions described under paragraph (1)(B) shall constitute service of process.
(d) Situs-
(1) DOMAINS FOR WHICH THE REGISTRY OR REGISTRAR IS LOCATED DOMESTICALLY- In an in rem action commenced under subsection (c), a domain name shall be deemed to have its situs in the judicial district in which–
(A) the domain name registrar or registry is located, provided that for a registry that is located or doing business in more than 1 judicial district, venue shall be appropriate at the principal place where the registry operations are performed; or
(2) DOMAINS FOR WHICH THE REGISTRY OR REGISTRAR IS NOT LOCATED DOMESTICALLY-
(A) ACTION BROUGHT IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA- If the provisions of paragraph (1) do not apply to a particular domain name, the in rem action may be brought in the District of Columbia to prevent and restrain the importation into the United States of goods and services offered by an Internet site dedicated to infringing activities if–
(B) DETERMINATION BY THE COURT- For purposes of determining whether an Internet site conducts business directed to residents of the United States under subparagraph (A)(ii)(I), a court shall consider, among other indicia whether–
(i) the Internet site is providing goods or services described under subsection (a)(2) to users located in the United States;
(ii) there is evidence that the Internet site is not intended to provide–
(iii) the Internet site has reasonable measures to prevent such goods and services from being obtained in or delivered to the United States;
(v) any prices for goods and services are indicated in the currency of the United States.
(e) Service of Court Order-
(1) DOMESTIC DOMAINS- In connection with an order obtained in an action to which subsection (d)(1) applies, the Federal law enforcement officer shall serve any court order issued pursuant to this section on the domain name registrar or, if the domain name registrar is not located within the United States, upon the registry. Upon receipt of such order, the domain name registrar or domain name registry shall suspend operation of, and may lock, the domain name.
(2) NONDOMESTIC DOMAINS-
(A) ENTITY TO BE SERVED- In connection with an order obtained in an action to which subsection (d)(2) applies, a Federal law enforcement officer may serve any court order issued pursuant to this section on entities described in clauses (i) through (iii) of subparagraph (B).
(B) REQUIRED ACTIONS- After being served with an order issued pursuant to this section–
(i) a service provider, as that term is defined in section 512(k)(1) of title 17, United States Code, or any other operator of a nonauthoritative domain name system server shall, as expeditiously as reasonable, take technically feasible and reasonable steps designed to prevent a domain name from resolving to that domain name’s Internet protocol address, except that–
(I) such entity shall not be required–
(II) nothing in this subparagraph shall affect the limitation on an entity’s liability under section 512 of title 17, United States Code;
(ii) a financial transaction provider, as that term is defined in section 5362(4) of title 31, United States Code—
(I) shall take reasonable measures, as expeditiously as reasonable, designed to prevent or prohibit its service from completing payment transactions between its customers located within the United States and the Internet site using the domain name set forth in the order; and
(iii) a service that provides advertisements to Internet sites shall take reasonable measures, as expeditiously as reasonable, to prevent its network from providing advertisements to an Internet site associated with such domain name.
(A) ACTIONS PURSUANT TO COURT ORDER- No cause of action shall lie in any Federal or State court or administrative agency against any entity receiving a court order issued under this subsection, or against any director, officer, employee, or agent thereof, for any act reasonably designed to comply with this subsection or reasonably arising from such order, other than in an action pursuant to subsection (g). Any entity receiving an order under this subsection, and any director, officer, employee, or agent thereof, shall not be liable to any party for any acts reasonably designed to comply with this subsection or reasonably arising from such order, other than in an action pursuant to subsection (g), and any actions taken by customers of such entity to circumvent any restriction on access to the Internet domain instituted pursuant to this subsection or any act, failure, or inability to restrict access to an Internet domain that is the subject of a court order issued pursuant to this subsection despite good faith efforts to do so by such entity shall not be used by any person in any claim or cause of action against such entity, other than in an action pursuant to subsection (g).
(f) Publication of Orders- The Attorney General shall inform the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator and other law enforcement agencies of all court orders issued under this section directed to specific domain names associated with Internet sites dedicated to infringing activities. The Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator shall, and any entity described in subsection (e) may, post such domain names on a publicly available Internet site, together with other relevant information, in order to inform the public. Upon the expiration or vacation of a court order issued under this subsection, the Attorney General shall inform the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator of such expiration or vacation, and the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator shall promptly remove the affected domain name or names from such publicly available Internet site.
(1) IN GENERAL- In order to compel compliance with this section, the Attorney General may bring an action for injunctive relief against any party receiving a court order issued pursuant to this section that knowingly and willfully fails to comply with such order. A showing by the defending party in such action that it does not have the technical means to comply with this section, or that the order is inconsistent with this section, shall serve as a defense to such action to the extent of the inability to comply or such inconsistency.
(h) Modification or Vacation of Orders- At any time after the issuance of a court order under this section–
(1) the Attorney General may apply for a modification of the order–
(A) to expand the order to apply to an Internet site that is reconstituted using a different domain name subsequent to the original order, and
(B) to include additional domain names that are used in substantially the same manner as the Internet site against which the action was brought,
by providing the court with evidence that the Internet site associated with the requested modification (i) is dedicated to infringing activities in substantially the same manner as, and (ii) is under joint control, ownership, or operation of, or other affiliation with, the domain name subject to the order;
(2) a defendant or owner or operator of a domain name subject to the order, or any party required to take action based on the order, may petition the court to modify, suspend, or vacate the order, based on evidence that–
(A) the Internet site associated with the domain name subject to the order is no longer, or never was, dedicated to infringing activities; or
(B) the interests of justice require that the order be modified, suspended, or vacated; and
(3) a registrar or owner, licensee, or operator of a domain name subject to the order may petition the court to vacate the order based on evidence that the registration of the domain name has expired and the domain name has been re-registered by a different party.
(2) VICARIOUS OR CONTRIBUTORY LIABILITY- Nothing in this section shall be construed to enlarge or diminish vicarious or contributory liability for any cause of action available under title 17, United States Code, including any limitations on liability under section 512 of such title 17.
The Attorney General shall–
(1) publish procedures developed in consultation with other relevant law enforcement agencies, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement, to receive information from the public about Internet sites that are dedicated to infringing activities;
(2) provide guidance to intellectual property rights holders about what information such rights holders should provide the Department of Justice to initiate an investigation pursuant to this Act;
(b) Forfeiture, Destruction, and Restitution.— Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution relating to this section shall be subject to section 2323 of title 18, to the extent provided in that section, in addition to any other similar remedies provided by law.
(1) [1] Whoever, in any of the circumstances described in subsection (c), knowingly traffics in—
(1) In general.— Any copyright owner who is injured, or is threatened with injury, by a violation of subsection (a) may bring a civil action in an appropriate United States district court.
(2) Discretion of court.— In any action brought under paragraph (1), the court—
(I) actual damages and any additional profits of the violator, as provided in paragraph (3); or
(A) In general.— The injured party is entitled to recover—
(B) Calculation of damages.— The court shall calculate actual damages by multiplying—
(C) Definition.— For purposes of this paragraph, the “value” of a phonorecord, copy, or work of visual art is—
(4) Statutory damages.— The injured party may elect, at any time before final judgment is rendered, to recover, instead of actual damages and profits, an award of statutory damages for each violation of subsection (a) in a sum of not less than $2,500 or more than $25,000, as the court considers appropriate.
(5) Subsequent violation.— The court may increase an award of damages under this subsection by 3 times the amount that would otherwise be awarded, as the court considers appropriate, if the court finds that a person has subsequently violated subsection (a) within 3 years after a final judgment was entered against that person for a violation of that subsection.
(6) Limitation on actions.— A civil action may not be commenced under section [2] unless it is commenced within 3 years after the date on which the claimant discovers the violation of subsection (a).
[1] So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted.
[2] So in original. Probably should be “this subsection”.
§ 2319A. Unauthorized fixation of and trafficking in sound recordings and music videos of live musical performances
(a) Offense.— Whoever, without the consent of the performer or performers involved, knowingly and for purposes of commercial advantage or private financial gain—
(b) Forfeiture and Destruction of Property; Restitution.— Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution relating to this section shall be subject to section 2323, to the extent provided in that section, in addition to any other similar remedies provided by law.
(c) Seizure and Forfeiture.— If copies or phonorecords of sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance are fixed outside of the United States without the consent of the performer or performers involved, such copies or phonorecords are subject to seizure and forfeiture in the United States in the same manner as property imported in violation of the customs laws. The Secretary of Homeland Security shall issue regulations by which any performer may, upon payment of a specified fee, be entitled to notification by United States Customs and Border Protection of the importation of copies or phonorecords that appear to consist of unauthorized fixations of the sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance.
(d) Victim Impact Statement.—
(e) Definitions.— As used in this section—
(2) the term “traffic” has the same meaning as in section 2320 (e) of this title.
(f) Applicability.— This section shall apply to any Act or Acts that occur on or after the date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act.
§ 2319B. Unauthorized recording of Motion pictures in a Motion picture exhibition facility
(a) Offense.— Any person who, without the authorization of the copyright owner, knowingly uses or attempts to use an audiovisual recording device to transmit or make a copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work protected under title 17, or any part thereof, from a performance of such work in a motion picture exhibition facility, shall—
(c) Authorized Activities.— This section does not prevent any lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activity by an officer, agent, or employee of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State, or by a person acting under a contract with the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State.
(d) Immunity for Theaters.— With reasonable cause, the owner or lessee of a motion picture exhibition facility where a motion picture or other audiovisual work is being exhibited, the authorized agent or employee of such owner or lessee, the licensor of the motion picture or other audiovisual work being exhibited, or the agent or employee of such licensor—
(1) In general.— During the preparation of the presentence report under rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, victims of an offense under this section shall be permitted to submit to the probation officer a victim impact statement that identifies the victim of the offense and the extent and scope of the injury and loss suffered by the victim, including the estimated economic impact of the offense on that victim.
(2) Contents.— A victim impact statement submitted under this subsection shall include—
(f) State Law Not Preempted.— Nothing in this section may be construed to annul or limit any rights or remedies under the laws of any State.
(g) Definitions.— In this section, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) Title 17 definitions.— The terms “audiovisual work”, “copy”, “copyright owner”, “motion picture”, “motion picture exhibition facility”, and “transmit” have, respectively, the meanings given those terms in section 101 of title 17.
(2) Audiovisual recording device.— The term “audiovisual recording device” means a digital or analog photographic or video camera, or any other technology or device capable of enabling the recording or transmission of a copyrighted motion picture or other audiovisual work, or any part thereof, regardless of whether audiovisual recording is the sole or primary purpose of the device.
(1) In general.— Whoever; [1] intentionally traffics or attempts to traffic in goods or services and knowingly uses a counterfeit mark on or in connection with such goods or services, or intentionally traffics or attempts to traffic in labels, patches, stickers, wrappers, badges, emblems, medallions, charms, boxes, containers, cans, cases, hangtags, documentation, or packaging of any type or nature, knowing that a counterfeit mark has been applied thereto, the use of which is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive, shall, if an individual, be fined not more than $2,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both, and, if a person other than an individual, be fined not more than $5,000,000. In the case of an offense by a person under this section that occurs after that person is convicted of another offense under this section, the person convicted, if an individual, shall be fined not more than $5,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both, and if other than an individual, shall be fined not more than $15,000,000.
(2) Serious bodily harm or death.—
(A) Serious bodily harm.— If the offender knowingly or recklessly causes or attempts to cause serious bodily injury from conduct in violation of paragraph (1), the penalty shall be a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both.
(B) Death.— If the offender knowingly or recklessly causes or attempts to cause death from conduct in violation of paragraph (1), the penalty shall be a fine under this title or imprisonment for any term of years or for life, or both.
(c) All defenses, affirmative defenses, and limitations on remedies that would be applicable in an action under the Lanham Act shall be applicable in a prosecution under this section. In a prosecution under this section, the defendant shall have the burden of proof, by a preponderance of the evidence, of any such affirmative defense.
(e) For the purposes of this section—
but such term does not include any mark or designation used in connection with goods or services, or a mark or designation applied to labels, patches, stickers, wrappers, badges, emblems, medallions, charms, boxes, containers, cans, cases, hangtags, documentation, or packaging of any type or nature used in connection with such goods or services, of which the manufacturer or producer was, at the time of the manufacture or production in question, authorized to use the mark or designation for the type of goods or services so manufactured or produced, by the holder of the right to use such mark or designation.[2]
(2) the term “traffic” means to transport, transfer, or otherwise dispose of, to another, for purposes of commercial advantage or private financial gain, or to make, import, export, obtain control of, or possess, with intent to so transport, transfer, or otherwise dispose of;
(3) the term “financial gain” includes the receipt, or expected receipt, of anything of value; and
(4) the term “Lanham Act” means the Act entitled “An Act to provide for the registration and protection of trademarks used in commerce, to carry out the provisions of certain international conventions, and for other purposes”, approved July 5, 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.).
(f) Nothing in this section shall entitle the United States to bring a criminal cause of action under this section for the repackaging of genuine goods or services not intended to deceive or confuse.
(D) The number and outcome, including settlements, sentences, recoveries, and penalties, of all prosecutions brought under sections 2318, 2319, 2319A, and 2320 of this title.
(A) The report under paragraph (1), with respect to criminal infringement of copyright, shall include the following:
(h) Transshipment and Exportation.— No goods or services, the trafficking in of which is prohibited by this section, shall be transshipped through or exported from the United States. Any such transshipment or exportation shall be deemed a violation of section 42 of an Act to provide for the registration of trademarks used in commerce, to carry out the provisions of certain international conventions, and for other purposes, approved July 5, 1946 (commonly referred to as the “Trademark Act of 1946” or the “Lanham Act”).
[1] So in original. The semicolon probably should not appear.
[2] So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.
(c) Restitution.— When a person is convicted of an offense under section 506 of title 17 or section 2318, 2319, 2319A, 2319B, or 2320, or chapter 90section 2318, 2319, 2319A, 2319B, or 2320, or chapter 90, of this title, the court, pursuant to sections 3556, 3663A, aTITLE 17—COPYRIGHTS
CHAPTER 1—SUBJECT MATTER AND SCOPE OF COPYRIGHT (§§ 101—122)
CHAPTER 2—COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER (§§ 201—205)
CHAPTER 3—DURATION OF COPYRIGHT (§§ 301—305)
CHAPTER 4—COPYRIGHT NOTICE, DEPOSIT, AND REGISTRATION (§§ 401—412)
CHAPTER 5—COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND REMEDIES (§§ 501—513)
CHAPTER 6—MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS, IMPORTATION, AND EXPORTATION (§§ 601—603)
CHAPTER 7—COPYRIGHT OFFICE (§§ 701—710)
CHAPTER 8—PROCEEDINGS BY COPYRIGHT ROYALTY JUDGES (§§ 801—805)
CHAPTER 9—PROTECTION OF SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP PRODUCTS (§§ 901—914)
CHAPTER 10—DIGITAL AUDIO RECORDING DEVICES AND MEDIA (§§ 1001—1010)
CHAPTER 12—COPYRIGHT PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (§§ 1201—1205)
CHAPTER 13—PROTECTION OF ORIGINAL DESIGNS (§§ 1301—1332)
nd 3664 of this title, shall order the person to pay restitution to any victim of the offense as an offense against property referred to in section 3663A (c)(1)(A)(ii) of this title.
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