Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US6252868?dq=7,496,943
Timestamp: 2017-01-18 00:06:31
Document Index: 765482154

Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 09', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 07', 'application No. 07', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 07', 'application No. 07', 'application No. 07', 'application No. 07', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 07', 'application No. 07', 'application No. 08', 'application No. 08']

Patent US6252868 - Digital control channels having logical channels supporting broadcast SMS - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA communications system in which information is transmitted in successive time slots grouped into a plurality of superframes which are, in turn, grouped into a plurality of hyperframes. A remote station is assigned to one of the time slots in each of the superframes for paging the remote station, each...http://www.google.com/patents/US6252868?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6252868 - Digital control channels having logical channels supporting broadcast SMSAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6252868 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/480,258Publication dateJun 26, 2001Filing dateJan 11, 2000Priority dateOct 5, 1992Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS6041047Publication number09480258, 480258, US 6252868 B1, US 6252868B1, US-B1-6252868, US6252868 B1, US6252868B1InventorsJohn W. Diachina, Bengt Persson, Alex K. Raith, Anthony J. SammarcoOriginal AssigneeTelefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (2), Referenced by (104), Classifications (69), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDigital control channels having logical channels supporting broadcast SMS
US 6252868 B1Abstract
What is claimed is: 1. A method of broadcasting short message service (SMS) messages in a radiocommunication system comprising the steps of:
creating a logical broadcast SMS channel using a plurality of timeslots; providing for a plurality of sub-channels within said logical broadcast SMS channel; designating at least two of said sub-channels to carry overhead information associated with a configuration of said logical broadcast SMS channel, wherein one of said at least two of said sub-channels includes a configuration message that defines a format associated with said plurality of sub-channels including a value associated with a number of sub-channels that are supported by said logical broadcast SMS channel. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said value is found in a subchannel count information element transmitted in said configuration message.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least two of said sub-channels are subchannel 10 and subchannel 1 and further wherein said configuration message is transmitted on subchannel 0.
4. A mobile station for reading broadcast SMS messages in a radiocommunication system comprising:
a transceiver for receiving a logical broadcast SMS channel associated with a plurality of timeslots, said logical broadcast SMS channels including a plurality of sub-channels within said logical broadcast SMS channel; wherein at least two of said sub-channels to carry overhead information associated with a configuration of said logical broadcast SMS channel, and wherein one of said at least two of said sub-channels includes a configuration message that defines a format associated with said plurality of sub-channels; and a processor for evaluating said configuration message including a value which permits said processor to determine a number of sub-channels that are supported by said logical broadcast SMS channel. 5. The mobile station of claim 4, wherein said value is found in a subchannel count information element transmitted in said configuration message.
6. The mobile station of claim 4, wherein said at least two of said sub-channels are subchannel 0 and subchannel 1 and further wherein said configuration message is transmitted on subchannel 0.
This application is a continuation of application No. 09/075,203, filed May 11, 1998, which is a continuation of 08/482,754, filed on Jun. 7, 1995, now which is U.S. Pat. No. 5,768,276, a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application No. 08/331,703 entitled “Digital Control Channels Having Logical Channels for Multiple Access Radiocommunication”, which was filed on Oct. 31, 1994 and which is incorporated in this application by reference. This parent application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application No. 08/147,254 entitled “A Method for Communicating in a Wireless Communication System”, which was filed on Nov. 1, 1993, and which is incorporated in this application by reference. The parent application is also a continuation in part of U.S. patent application No. 07/956,640 entitled “Digital Control Channel”, which was filed on Oct. 5, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,404,355 and which is incorporated in this application by reference.
In North America, these features are currently provided by a digital cellular radiotelephone system called the digital advanced mobile phone service (D-AMPS), some of the characteristics of which are specified in the interim standard IS-54B, “Dual-Mode Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard”, published by the Electronic Industries Association and Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA). Because of a large existing consumer base of equipment operating only in the analog domain with frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), IS-54B is a dual-mode (analog and digital) standard, providing for analog compatibility in tandem with digital communication capability. For example, the IS-54B standard provided for both FDMA analog voice channels (AVC) and TDMA digital traffic channels (DTC), and the system operator can dynamically replace one type with the other to accommodate fluctuating traffic patterns among analog and digital users. The AVCs and DTCs are implemented by frequency modulating radio carrier signals, which have frequencies near 800 megahertz (MHz) such that each radio channel has a spectral width of 30 kilohertz (KHz).
In a TDMA cellular radiotelephone system, each radio channel is divided into a series of time slots, each of which contains a burst of information from a data source, e.g., a digitally encoded portion of a voice conversion. The time slots are grouped into successive TDMA frames having a predetermined duration. The number of time slots in each TDMA frame is related to the number of different users that can simultaneously share the radio channel. If each slot in a TDMA frame is assigned to a different user, the duration of a TDMA frame is the minimum amount of time between successive time slots assigned to the same user.
The successive time slot assigned to the same user, which are usually not consecutive time slots on the radio carrier, constitute the user's digital traffic channel, which may be considered a logical channel assigned to the user. As described in more detail below, digital control channels (DCCHs) can also be provided for communicating control signals, and such a DCCH is a logical channel formed by a succession of usually non-consecutive time slots on the radio carrier.
When a mobile subscriber initiates a call, e.g., by dialing the telephone number of an ordinary subscriber and pressing the “send” button on the mobile station, the mobile station transmits the dialed number and its MIN and an electronic serial number (ESN) over the control channel to the base station. The ESN is a factory-set, “unchangeable” number designed to protect against the unauthorized use of the mobile station. The base station forwards the received numbers to the MSC, which validates the mobile station, selects an AVC or DTC, and establishes a through-connection for the call as described above. The mobile may also be required to send an authentication message.
It will be understood that a communication system that uses ACCs has a number of deficiencies. For example, the format of the forward analog control channel specified in IS-54B is largely inflexible and not conducive to the objectives of modern cellular telephony, including the extension of mobile station battery life. In particular, the time interval between transmission of certain broadcast messages is fixed and the order in which messages are handled is also rigid. Also, mobile stations are required to re-read messages that may not have changed, wasting battery power. These deficiencies can be remedied by providing a DCCH having new formats and processes, one example of which is described in U.S. patent application No. 07/956,640 entitled “Digital Control Channel”, which was filed on Oct. 5, 1992, and which is incorporated in this application by reference. Using such DCCHs, each IS-54B radio channel can carry DTCs only, DCCHs only, or a mixture of both DTCs and DCCHs. Within the IS-54B framework, each radio carrier frequency can have up to three full-rate DTCs/DCCHs, or six half-rate DTCs/DCCHs, or any combination in-between, for example, one full-rate and four half-rate DTCs/DCCHs. As described in this application, a DCCH in accordance with Applicants' invention provides a further increase in functionality.
As such hybrid analog/digital systems mature, the number of analog users should diminish and the number of digital users should increase until all of the analog voice and control channels are replaced by digital traffic and control channels. When that occurs, the current dual-mode mobile terminals can be replaced by less expensive digital-only mobile unit, which would be unable to scan the ACCs currently provided in the IS-54B system. One conventional radiocommunication system used in Europe, known as GSM, is already an all-digital system, in which 200-KHz-wide radio channels are located near 900 MHz. Each GSM radio channel has a gross data rate of 270 kilobits per second and is divided into eight full-rate traffic channels (each traffic time slot carrying 116 encrypted bits).
In cellular telephone systems an air-interface communications link protocol is required in order to allow a mobile station to communication with the base stations and MSC. The communications link protocol is used to initiate and to receive cellular telephone calls. As described in U.S. patent application No. 08/047,452 entitled “Layer 2 Protocol for the Random Access Channel and the Access Response Channel,” which was filed on Apr. 19, 1993, and which is incorporated in this application by reference, the communications link protocol is commonly referred to within the communications industry as a Layer 2 protocol, and its functionality includes the delimiting, or framing, of Layer 3 messages. These Layer 3 messages may be sent between communicating Layer 3 peer entities residing within mobile stations and cellular switching systems. The physical layer (Layer 1) defines the parameters of the physical communications channel, e.g., radio frequency spacing, modulation characteristics, etc. Layer 2 defines the techniques necessary for the accurate transmission of information within the constraints of the physical channel, e.g., error correction and detection, etc. Layer 3 defines the procedures for reception and processing of information transmitted over the physical channel.
Communications between mobile stations and the cellular switching system (the base stations and the MSC) can be described in general with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 schematically illustrates pluralities of Layer 3 messages 11, Layer 2 frames 13, and Layer 1 channel bursts, or time slots, 15. In FIG. 1, each group of channel bursts corresponding to each Layer 3 message may constitute a logical channel, and as described above, the channel bursts for a given Layer 3 message would usually not be consecutive slots on an IS-54B carriers. On the other hand, the channel bursts could be consecutive; as soon as one time slot ends, the next time slot could begin.
As shown in FIG. 2, the DCCH slots may be organized into superframes (SF), and each superframe includes a number of logical channels that carry different kinds of information. One or more DCCH slots may be allocated to each logical channel in the superframe. The exemplary downlink superframe in FIG. 2 includes three logical channels: a broadcast control channel (BCCH) including six successive slots for overhead messages; a paging channel (PCH) including one slot for paging messages; and an access response channel (ARCH) including one slot for channel assignment and other messages. The remaining time slots on the exemplary superframe of FIG. 2 may be dedicated to other logical channels, such as additional paging channels PCH or other channels. Since the number of mobile stations is usually much greater than the number of slots in the superframe, each paging slot is used for paging several mobile stations that share some unique characteristic, e.g., the last digit of the MIN.
For purposes of efficient sleep mode operation and fast cell selection, the BCCH may be divided into a number of sub-channels. U.S. patent application No. 07/956,640 discloses a BCCH structure that allows the mobile station to read a minimum amount of information when it is switched on (when it locks onto a DCCH) before being able to access the system (place or receive a call). After being switched on, an idle mobile station needs to regularly monitor only its assigned PCH slots (usually one in each superframe); the mobile can sleep during other slots. The ratio of the mobile's time spent reading paging messages and its time spent asleep is controllable and represents a tradeoff between call-set-up delay and power consumption.
FIG. 4 represents a block diagram of an exemplary cellular mobile radiotelephone system, including an exemplary base station 110 and mobile station 120. The base station includes a control and processing unit 130 which is connected to the MSC 140 which in turn is connected to the PSTN (not shown). General aspects of such cellular radiotelephone systems are known in the art, as described by the above-cited U.S. patent applications and by U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,867 to Wejke et al., entitled “Neighbor-Assisted Handoff in a Cellular Communication System,” and U.S. patent application No. 07/967,027 entitled “Multi-mode Signal Processing,” which was filed on Oct. 27, 1992, both of which are incorporated in this application by reference.
As noted above, one of the goals of a digital cellular system is to increase the user's “talk time”, i.e., the battery life of the mobile station. To this end, U.S. patent application No. 07/956,640 discloses a digital forward control channel (base station to mobile station) that can carry the types of messages specified for current analog forward control channels (FOCCs), but in a format which allows an idle mobile station to read overhead messages when locking onto the FOCC and thereafter only when the information has changed; the mobile sleeps at all other times. In such a system, some types of messages are broadcast by the base stations more frequently than other types, and mobile stations need not read every message broadcast.
Also, application No. 07/956,640 shows how a DCCH may be defined alongside the DTCs specified in IS-54B. For example, a half-rate DCCH could occupy one slot and a full-rate DCCH could occupy two slots out of the six slots in each TDMA frame. For additional DCCH capacity, additional half-rate or full-rate DCCHs could replace DTCs. In general, the transmission rate of a DCCH need not coincide with the half-rate and full-rate specified in IS-54B, and the length of the DCCH time slots need not be uniform and need not coincide with the length of the DTC time slots.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, broadcast SMS systems can be provided wherein a plurality of messages are transmitted over one or more sub-channels of a logical S-BCCH channel that have a fixed, time multiplexed format relative to other logical channels. Message attributes are specified on a per message basis so that a mobile station will look at the attributes of each message to determine whether or not the message should be read by that mobile station. In this exemplary embodiment, new sub-channels are added by the system as needed to support the number of messages to be transmitted at any given time.
FIGS. 8a-8 c show exemplary slot formats on the DCCH;
FIGS. 13a-13 c show S-BCCH Layer 2 frames according to a first exemplary broadcast SMS embodiment; and
FIGS. 14a-14 d show S-BCCH Layer 2 frames according to a second exemplary embodiment.
For communication from the mobile stations to the base stations, the reverse (uplink) DCCH comprises a random access channel RACH, which is used by the mobiles to request access to the system. The RACH logical channel is unidirectional, shared, point-to-point, and acknowledged. All time slots on the uplink are used for mobile access requests, either on a contention basis or on a reserved basis. Reserved-basis access is described in U.S. patent application No. 08/140,467, entitled “Method of Effecting Random Access in a Mobile Radio System”, which was filed on Oct. 25, 1993, and which is incorporated in this application by reference. One important feature of RACH operation is that reception of some downlink information is required, whereby mobile stations receive real-time feedback for every burst they send on the uplink. This is known as Layer 2 ARQ, or automatic repeat request, on the RACH. The downlink information preferably comprises twenty-two bits that may be thought of as another downlink sub-channel dedicated to carrying, in the downlink, Layer 2 information specific to the uplink. This flow of information, which can be called shared channel feedback, enhances the throughput capacity of the RACH so that a mobile station can quickly determine whether any burst of any access attempt has been successfully received. Other aspects of the RACH are described below.
As for the SPACH slots, they are assigned dynamically to the SMSCH, PCH, and ARCH channels based on transmitted header information. The SMSCH logical channel is used to deliver short messages to a specific mobile station receiving SMS services. The PCH logical channel carrier paging messages and other orders to the mobiles, such as the F-BCCH change flag described above and in U.S. patent application No. 07/956,640. Mobile stations are assigned respective PCH slots in a manner described in more detail below. A mobile station listens to system responses sent on the ARCH logical channel upon successful completion of the mobile's access on a RACH. The ARCH may be used to convey AVC or DTC assignments or other responses to the mobile's attempted access.
An important aspect of exemplary embodiments is that every PCH slot in the primary superframe of a hyperframe is repeated in the secondary superframe of that hyperframe. This is called “specification guaranteed repeat”. Thus, once a mobile station has read the BCCH information, it can enter sleep mode after determining, based on its MIN or some other distinguishing characteristic, which single PCH slot it is to monitor for a paging message. Then, if the mobile station properly receives a paging message sent in its PCH slot in a primary superframe, the mobile can sleep through the entire associated secondary superframe, thereby increasing the life of its batteries. If and only if the mobile station cannot correctly decode its assigned PCH slot in a primary superframe, the mobile reads the corresponding PCH slot in the associated secondary superframe.
One aspect of a DCCH as described in U.S. patent application No. 07/956,640 is that the F-BCCH slots in successive superframes carry the same information until change flags transmitted in the PCH slots toggle, or otherwise change value in a predetermined way. This feature is also provided in the systems and methods described in this application. Also, the E-BCCH and S-BCCH information may span both superframes in a hyperframe, and even several hyperframes, which represents a tradeoff between BCCH bandwidth (i.e., the number of slots needed for sending a complete set of BCCH messages) and the time required for a full cycle of messages sent. The toggling of a change flag in the PCH slot indicates that new data will be found on the F-BCCH sent in the following superframe. In this way, once a mobile station has read the BCCH information on a DCCH, the mobile need awaken only to read its assigned PCH slot; when the change flag in its PCH slot toggles, the mobile learns that it must either awaken or stay awake to re-acquire the F-BCCH, which has changed; if the mobile determines that the change flag has not toggled, it is not necessary for the mobile to read the F-BCCH. This also increase the mobile's sleep time, and battery life.
The combination of these features results in a communication system that has good immunity to errors at the same time that it permits, on average, long mobile sleep times. It will be appreciated that the guaranteed repeats of the PCH slots provide time diversity, yielding an improved immunity to errors due to Rayleigh fading that is provided in previous systems by rate-¼ encoding and inter-burst interleaving. (Of course, specification guaranteed repeat is not an option for speech slots.) Applicants' combination of these features, however, results in a communication system that permits a mobile that has successfully decoded its PCH slot in a primary superframe to sleep through all of the PCH slots in the corresponding secondary superframe. It will be recognized that the a mobile's assigned PCH slots are temporally separated by many times the duration of such as slot (6.67 msec).
When a mobile station locks onto the DCCH, the mobile station first reads the overhead information to determine the system identity, call restrictions, etc.; the locations of the DCCHs of the neighboring base stations (the frequencies, time slots, etc., on which these DCCHs may be found); and its paging slot in the superframe (the DCCH slot assigned to the paging frame class to which the mobile station belongs). The relevant DCCH frequencies are stored in memory, and the mobile station then enters sleep mode. Thereafter, the mobile station “awakens” once every hyperframe, depending on the mobile's paging frame class, to read the assigned paging slot, and then returns to sleep.
The E-BCCH is assigned a system-controlled, fixed number of slots in each superframe, but a long cycle, or set of messages, sent on the E-BCCH may span several superframes; hence, the number E-BCCH slots in each superframe can be much less than the number of slots needed to carry the long cycle, or set of messages. If there are not enough E-BCCH slots in a superframe to accommodate all E-BCCH messages, subsequent superframes are used. Mobile stations are notified through the F-BCCH as described above of the number and location of E-BCCH slots assigned in each superframe. A start-of-E-BCCH marker may be sent in the current F-BCCH (of S-BCCH ) to inform the mobile stations that the current superframe contains the start of an E-BCCH message.
As explained above, each superframe comprises a predetermined number of successive time slots (full-rate) of a DCCH. Since a complete set of F-BCCH information is sent in each superframe and since the first slot of each superframe is a F-BCCH slot, each superframe is the interval between such initial F-BCCH slots. It is currently preferred that each superframe consist of thirty-two such time slots, which are distributed among the logical channels F-BCCH, E-BCCH, S-BCCH, and SPACH as illustrated in FIG. 5 for example. Thus, the duration of each logical superframe is simply 32 TDMA blocks/superframe*20msec/TDMA block=640msec, which spans 96 consecutive physical time slots on the radio channel.
Two possible formats for the information sent in the slots of the reverse DCCH are shown in FIGS. 8a and 8 b, and a preferred information format in the slots of the forward DCCH is shown in FIG. 8c. These formats are substantially the same as the formats used for the DTCs under the IS-54B standard, but new functionalities are accorded to the fields in each slot in accordance with Applicants' invention. In FIGS. 8a-8 c, the number of bits in each field is indicated above that field.
In general, messages (Layer 2 user data bits) to be carried by the slots are mapped onto the two DATA fields sent in each slot, and in the downlink slots, encoded SFP values are sent in the CSFP fields that uniquely identify each slot according to each slot's relative position in its superframe. Also in the downlink slots, the BRI, R/N, and CPE fields contain the information used in the random access scheme for Layer 2 ARQ on the RACH; comparable Layer 2 ARQ fields could be included in the uplink slots. In the forward DCCH (FIG. 8c), the DATA fields total 260 bits in length, the CSFP field carries twelve bits, and the BRI, R/N, and CPE fields for shared channel feedback total twenty-two bits. In the reverse DCCH, the DATA fields total either a normal 244 bits in length (FIG. 8a) or an abbreviated 200 bits (FIG. 8b).
Referring again to FIG. 8c, the CSFP field in each DCCH slot conveys the SFP value that enables the mobile stations to find the start of each superframe. The SFP values are preferably encoded with a (12,8) code, similar to the way the DVCC is encoded according to the IS-54B standard; thus, the CSFP field is preferably twelve bits in length, and the unencoded SFP consists of eight bits. Encoding the SFP values in this way has the advantage of using the hardware and software already present in the mobile phone for handling the DVCC. Also, the four check bits are preferably inverted, enabling a mobile to use the information sent in the CSFP field to discriminate between a DCCH and a DTC since the CSFP of a DCCH and the CDVCC of a DTC have no common codewords. Other way to discriminate DCCHs from DTCs are described in U.S. patent application No. 08/147,254. In view of the importance of the SFP to the operation of the system, a mobile station might decode the CSFPs in several slots in order to ensure accuracy since the CSFP in any individual slot is less well protected by encoding and time diversity than the Layer 3 message in the DATA fields.
FIG. 9 shows a currently preferred partitioning of the Layer 2 user data bits before channel encoding. The DATA fields in the logical channels BCCH, SPACH, and RACH (normal and abbreviated) preferably use ½-rate convolutional encoding; thus, the two DATA fields in each forward DCCH slot carry 109 plaintext, or unencoded, BCCH or SPACH bits; and the two DATA fields in each reverse DCCH slot carry either a normal 101 plaintext RACH bits or an abbreviated 79 plaintext RACH bits. Also, the encoded user data bits are preferably interleaved between the two DATA fields in each slot, but they are not interleaved among DATA fields in different slots in order to enable the longer sleep times available from Applicants' invention. Interleaving may be done according to suitable convenient matrices, like those used under the IS-54B standard.
Different DCCHs may be assigned to different radio channel frequencies, and a different number of slots may be allocated to the BCCH on each DCCH. Layer ⅔ information may also be different for each DCCH, but this is not required. In an embodiment in which each DCCH includes its own BCCH, much information is redundant from DCCH to DCCH, resulting in a loss of paging capacity. In another embodiment, DCCHs may be organized in master-slave relationships, in which full BCCH information would be available only on the master DCCH; a mobile monitoring a slave DCCH would acquire its BCCH information by changing to its slave's corresponding master DCCH. It is currently preferred that each frequency carry a full set of BCCH information and a mobile station always acquire all its BCCH information on the same frequency as its assigned PCH channel.
Number of DCCH slots on this frequency
Additional DCCH frequencies
= 33-147
M = Mandatory O = Optional As described above, the mobile station normally monitors only one of the PCH slots in a superframe to minimize power consumption, or battery drain. Since some paging messages may be longer than the capacity of a single time slot, each PCH slot carries a PCON bit that may be set to cause the assigned mobile station to read additional SPACH slots, the number of which is advantageously indicated by a parameter PCH_DISPLACEMENT sent on the F-BCCH. The additional slots to be read preferably are separated by at least 40 msec (one TDMA frame) from the assigned PCH slot for both full- and half-rate DCCHs. For example, for a full-rate DCCH, the mobile station would attempt to read every other SPACH slot up to the number indicated by the PCH_DISPLACEMENT parameter. This is advantageous in that it reduces the trunking loss caused by the creation of the several distinct paging channels. Also, using every other SPACH slot in this way gives a mobile station time for processing its received information to determine whether it must read additional slots. If every SPACH slot were used instead of at least every other one, a mobile station having a slow processing unit might not complete processing by the time the next SPACH slot occurred; since the mobile would not yet be aware that the PCON bit was set, it would have to read the next slot even if that were unnecessary and sleep mode performance would suffer.
In accordance with an aspect of Applicants' invention, the superframes and hyperframes on each DCCH are grouped into a succession of paging frames, each of which includes an integer number of hyperframes and is a member of one of a plurality of paging frame classes; hence, the PCH slots having the paging frame structure. In accordance with one aspect of Applicants' invention, the mobile station reads its assigned PCH slot only in the hyperframes of its allocated paging frame class. (As described above, each mobile station is allocated a specific PCH sub-channel within a paging frame based preferably on the mobile's IS-54B MIN identity.) In many cases, mobile stations would be allocated a paging frame class that would cause the mobiles to read their assigned PCH slots in each hyperframe; this minimizes call set-up time and sleep duration. But other paging classes would have the mobiles read PCH slots in more widely separated hyperframes, delaying call set-ups but increasing sleep times to as much as 123 seconds for some types of paging frame structure. Thus, it will be appreciated that PCH slots are included in every superframe but the PCH slot assigned to a given mobile may not be.
Referring to the exemplary table shown in FIG. 10, primary and secondary PCH slots p and s in the primary and secondary superframes, respectively, of each hyperframe may be grouped in one of four PF classes PF1-PF4, which are distinguished by how frequently the PCH slot information is repeated. Class PF1 may be called the “lowest” PF class because PCHs in this class repeat their information with the lowest duration between repeats; in FIG. 10, the PCH slot is repeated in each successive hyperframe (i.e., in every successive superframe). Class PF4 may be called the “highest” PF class because PCHs in this class repeat their information with the highest duration between repeats; in FIG. 10, the PCH slot is repeated only every fourth hyperframe. As described above, the PCH information in a primary superframe is guaranteed to be repeated in the corresponding secondary superframe. In FIG. 10 for paging frame class PF(i), where i=2, 3, 4, only the PCH assignments which are aligned to HF0 are shown for illustration purposes.
In the embodiment illustrated by FIG. 10, there are only four paging frames classes that are linearly related, yielding maximum sleep times of eight superframes, or 5.12 seconds. Longer sleep times can be obtained by providing more classes that are exponentially related. For example, sleep times of 123 seconds are obtained in a system having eight paging frame classes in which the delays double from class to class. It will be understood that long sleep times can result in access delays that are unacceptable for typical telephone use; for example, most callers attempting to reach a mobile would be unwilling to wait 123 seconds after dialing the mobile's number for contact to be established. Nevertheless, such delays may be tolerable in some cases, such as remote polling of equipment like soft-drink dispensers.
Three other terms used in describing the operation of the PF classes are default PF class, assigned PF class, and current PF class. The default PF class is the class assigned to the mobile station when its subscription to the system is entered. If the default PF class happens to be higher than the highest class supported by a DCCH, as defined by the parameter MAX_SUPPORTED_PFC in the DCCH structure message, the mobile would use the PF class defined by MAX_SUPPORTED_PFC. The assigned PF class refers to a PF class assigned to the mobile by the system, for example in the system's response to a registration request by the mobile. The PF class actually used during a communication may be called the current PF class.
Note 1: instances of these two elements are sent consecutively. SMS data may span several SMS frames, but the flags TF enable interruption of the sub-channel cycles (cycle clearing). For example, after a flag TF, the mobile station assumes that the next sub-channel is the start of the new cycle. There are two ways to change the data provided on the broadcast SMS: changing the Layer 3 messages within the SMS (messages may be added and/or deleted from any position in the cycle), and changing the structure of the sub-channels.
The SMS Message IDs, of which there are a set of 256, and their associated Layer 2 Frame Starts comprise a list of all messages appearing in an SMS frame. SMS Message IDs are unique for each SMS frame and the whole set of 256 values is used before the set begins to be used again in order to aid the mobile in searching for changed message(s) and in avoiding reading messages that have not changed. A Layer 2 Frame Start information element is provided to point to the start of the Layer 2 frame in which the associated SMS message begins (the message does not have to being at the start of the Layer 2 frame). A description of message delivery is provided in the description of the S-BCCH Layer 2 Protocol given below.
∘1
∘2
∘3
∘4
∘5
∘6
In the table above, the mobile is assumed to be monitoring the SPACH when the TF toggles to indicate a change in the S-BCCH. The mobile knows from its own internal superframe count where the start of the SMS frame is, and it can determine that SMS sub-channel three is currently being broadcast by reading the SMS header and that the TF points to a change in SMS sub-channel one. When SMS sub-channel one begins, the mobile reads the SMS header. It determines that message 3 is removed; that the position of message 4 has changed (but the message ID is the same so the mobile does not need to re-read this message); and that new messages 5 and 6 have been added and must be read. The mobile may skip that appropriate number of Layer 2 frames to read the new messages.
The S-BCCH Layer 2 protocol is used when a TDMA burst carries S-BCCH information. Each S-BCCH Layer 2 protocol frame is constructed to fit in a 125-bit envelope. An additional five bits are reserved for use as tail bits, which are the last bits sent to the channel coder, resulting in a total of 130 bits of Layer 2 information carried within each S-BCCH slot. As noted above, the Layer 2 protocol for S-BCCH operation supports only unacknowledged operation. Several different S-BCCH Layer 2 frames which support this exemplary SMS embodiment are shown in FIGS. 13a, 13 b, 13 c. FIG. 13a shows a mandatory minimum S-BCCH BEGIN frame and FIG. 13b shows another S-BCCH BEGIN Frame used when two Layer 3 messages are included in the frame with the second Layer 3 message being continued in a following frame. The BEGIN frames are used for starting the delivery of one or more Layer 3 messages on the S-BCCH, and it is currently preferred that an S-BCCH BEGIN frame be used as the first frame of the S-BCCH cycle. If the first Layer 3 message is shorter than one S-BCCH frame, a begin/end indicator BE is added to the end of the L3DATA field as shown to indicated whether or not an additional Layer 3 message is started within the BEGIN frame. As shown in FIG. 13a, if the BE indicator is set to indicate “END”, the rest of the BEGIN frame is padded with FILLER, e.g., zeroes. As shown in FIG. 13b, if the BE indicator is set to indicate “BEGIN”, a new Layer 3 message is started in the BEGIN frame. If the L3DATA field ends on an S-BCCH frame boundary, the BE indicator is not included in the frame; an “END” indication is implied. If the L3DATA field ends with less than nine bits remaining in the S-BCCH frame, the BE indicator is set to “END”, and the rest of the frame is padded with FILLER.
BC = Begin/Continue
having an overall length
BE = Begin/End
Similar logical frames can be defined for the F-BCCH and E-BCCH, as described in U.S. patent application No. 08/147,254 for example, but these are beyond the scope of this application.
∘ SMS Message ID (Note 1)
∘ Layer 2 Frame Start (Note 1)
The de-cryption of the SMS messages could be carried out by the processing units in the mobile stations according to any of a wide variety of cryptographic techniques. Preferably, each broadcast message would include as an attribute an indicator for determining which encryption key or algorithm should be used to decode the respective message. Such attributes might be included in the SMS frame headers, and the encryption keys or algorithms could be sent to the mobiles over the air or entered directly, via a “smart card”, for example. As an alternative, the sub-channels could be individually encrypted, so that broadcast SMS messages included in the time slots of one of the SMS sub-channels are encrypted according to one encryption method and the broadcast SMS messages included in the time slots of another SMS sub-channel are encrypted according to a another encryption method.
A few coding rules apply to the information element descriptions. For example, information elements of the type “flag” have values 0 to indicate “disable”, or “off”, or “false”, and values of 1 to indicate “enable”, or “on”, or “true”. Also, certain BCCH fields do NOT trigger a transition in the BCCH change flag in the SPACH; those fields are designated as non-critical, or “NC”. Information elements of the type “transition” are modulo-1 counters for indicating changes in current status. The channel number is coded in accordance with the IS-54B standard, unless otherwise noted. All lengths are specified in bits, unless otherwise noted.
0010 0111 - 27
According to another exemplary embodiment, the amount of bandwidth per sub-channel (i.e., the periodicity at which each sub-channel is transmitted) and the ordering of sub-channels is dynamic to provide additional flexibility to broadcast SMS systems. Although the term “sub-channels” is used herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that any other term or phase which connotes logical grouping of SMS messages could be used to describe these groupings of the present invention. Moreover, according to this exemplary embodiment, a greater number of SMS sub-channels, e.g., 8, 16, 32, 64, etc., can be supported than the four sub-channels used to illustrate the previous exemplary embodiment. For the purposes of illustration, rather than limitation, an example will be provided wherein up to 32 S-BCCH sub-channels are supported.
Sub-channel 1 is dedicated, according to this exemplary embodiment, to the provision of messages associated with other sub-channels (i.e., sub-channels 2-31 in this example) that have recently been changed or added. Typically, deleted messages are of no interest to mobile stations, however, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention can be readily extended to provide an indication to mobile units that a message has been deleted in a manner similar to that described herein for changed messages and added messages. The broadcast of sub-channel 1 by the system may commence after the completion of any sub-channel or by interrupting a sub-channel (other than sub-channels 0 or 1). For example, it may be considered desirably by a system operator to begin increase the periodicity of transmission of sub-channel 1 after the transmission of sub-channel 0 in which a change or changes have been indicated. Once the broadcast of sub-channel 1 has begun, it should be completed without interruption using consecutive S-BCCH time slots. By reading sub-channel 1, a mobile station will be able to quickly access changed or added messages of interest.
While in the process of acquiring the S-BCCH information broadcast on sub-channel 0, this information could be changed by the system, e.g., to add a new sub-channel to handle messages sent to a new user group and/or using a different encryption algorithm. Similarly, the S-BCCH information associated with a DCCH can change after it is acquired by a mobile station. In either case a Layer 2 change indication is sent to the mobile which responds by reading sub-channel 0. For example, a change notification bit can be placed in the SPACH header and used to notify mobile stations of changes in the content of the S-BCCH information. For a detailed description of the SPACH and SPACH header, the interested reader is referred to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/331,816 entitled “Layer 2 Protocol in Cellular Communication System” filed on Oct. 31, 1994, which disclosure is incorporated here by reference.
The exemplary Layer 2 protocol defined below supports S-BCCH operation to allow a mobile station to uniquely determine the start and end of a sub-channel and to begin reading a sub-channel starting with any Layer 1 frame belonging to that sub-channel. According to this exemplary embodiment, each sub-channel is sent using up to 256 Layer 2 frames. Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other sub-channel capacities can be used without departing from the spirit of the present invention. An exemplary 256 Layer 2 frame sub-channel would, however, provide about 10 maximum length (i.e., 255 octets) Layer 3 messages per sub-channel or about 25 SMS messages per S-BCCH sub-channel assuming an average of 100 octets of data per message. In this exemplary embodiment, a Layer 3 message qualifier can be used to identifies up to, for example, 256 distinct S-BCCH Payload messages over all of the SMS “traffic” sub-channels 2-31. Additional S-BCCH messages can be identified by creating other types of Layer 3 messages and pairing the associated Layer 3 message type with the Layer 3 message qualifier e.g., 256 different S-BCCH messages per pair. Having provided an overview of message delivery in accordance with this second exemplary SMS embodiment, exemplary Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocols for supporting these functions will now be described.
If, on the other hand, a Layer 3 message fits entirely within the L3DATA field of a BEGIN frame with from 1 to 8 bits remaining in the frame and another Layer 3 message is to be sent, BI=0 is included immediately after the L3DATA field. The rest of the frame is then padded with FILLER and the next Layer 3 message is sent starting with another BEGIN frame. If a Layer 3 message fits entirely within the L3DATA field of a BEGIN frame with from 1 to 8 bits remaining in the frame and no other Layer 3 message is to be sent, BI=0 is included immediately after the L3DATA field and the rest of the frame is padded with FILLER. If a Layer 3 message fits entirely within the L3DATA field of a BEGIN frame with no bits remaining, the BI field is not present and the end of the Layer 3 message is implied. This case is exemplified in FIG. 14a. Lastly, if a Layer 3 message does not fit entirely within the L3DATA field of a BEGIN frame, it is completed using as many CONTINUE frames as necessary. The other fields illustrated in FIG. 14a are described in Table 1 below.
The CONTINUE frame is used whenever a Layer 3 message cannot be completed within the previous S-BCCH Layer 2 frame. Exemplary CONTINUE frames are illustrated in FIGS. 14b-14 d. The CLI field indicates how many bits of the CONTINUE frame belong to the continued Layer 3 message. This in turn allows for mobile stations to receive a portion of a new message which may be present in the CONTINUE frame following the L3DATA field used to complete a message continued from the previous frame. Exemplary rules for the placement of Layer 3 message information within a CONTINUE frame are as follows.
If the CLI field indicates that the remainder of a continued Layer 3 message fits entirely within the CONTINUE frame with 9 or more bits remaining in the frame, the Begin Indication (BI) is included immediately after the L3DATA field to indicate whether or not an additional Layer 3 message is started within the frame. For example, if BI=0 no other Layer 3 message is started and the rest of the frame is padded with FILLER. This case is illustrated as FIG. 14b. If BI=1, then an L3LI field is included immediately after the BI field. The L3LI field is then followed by another L3DATA field containing a portion of the new Layer 3 message. The length of the portion of the new Layer 3 message in the second L3DATA field is determined by the number of bits remaining in the frame. This case is illustrated in FIG. 14c. If CLI indicate that the remainder of a continued Layer 3 message fits entirely within the CONTINUE frame with from 1 to 8 bits remaining in the frame and another LAYER 3 message is to be sent, BI=0 is included immediately after the L3DATA field. The rest of the frame is padded with FILLER and the next Layer 3 message is sent starting with another BEGIN frame. This case is also exemplified by the format of FIG. 14b. If CLI indicates that the remainder of a continued Layer 3 message fits entirely within the CONTINUE frame with from 1 to 8 bits remaining in the frame and no other Layer 3 message is to be sent, BI=0 is included immediately after the L3DATA and the rest of the frame is padded with FILLER. If CLI indicates that the entire CONTINUE frame contains information belonging to a continued Layer 3 message, the BI field is not present in the frame. This is illustrated in FIG. 14d. A continued Layer 3 message is completed using as many CONTINUE frames as necessary. The following table summarizes the exemplary fields provided in these S-BCCH Layer 2 frames according to this exemplary embodiment.
S-BCCH Layer 2 Protocol Field Summary
Identifies the type of L2 frame
(0 = Begin, 1 = Continue)
SID = Sub-channel ID
Uniquely identifies the sub-
channel that a L2 frame belongs
to (0 . . . 31).
FDC = Frame Down
Uniquely identifies a Layer 2
frame used in sending a cycle
of sub-channel information
(0 . . . 255).
SSI = Sub-channel Start
Indicates whether or not a L2
frame is the first frame used in
sending a cycle of sub-channel
information (0 = No, 1 = Yes).
SCN = S-BCCH Change
change in the content of S-
BCCH information. A mobile
station responds by reading S-
BCCH information on sub-
Number of bits in the current
L2 frame used to carry
information from a previously
initiated L3 message.
messages supported from 0 up
to a maximum of 253 octets.
of the Layer 3 message having
an overall length as indicated
by L3LI. The portion of this
field not used to carry Layer 3
BI = Begin Indicator
0 = No additional Layer 3
1 = Additional Layer 3 message
All filler bits are set to zero.
CRC = Cycle Redundancy
IS-54B. The nominal DVCC is
applied in the calculation of
CRC for each S-BCCH Layer 2
Sub-channel Count (N)
Sub-channel Info (Note 1)
Note 1: N instances of this information element are included up to a maximum number of supported “traffic” subchannels, e.g., 30. The Sub-channel Count information element identifies the number of sub-channels used in support of sending S-BCCH information. In this exemplary embodiment five bits are provided to support the 32 sub-channels. Of course more or fewer bits could be provided to represent this value if more or fewer sub-channels are to be supported, respectively.
Sub-channel ID (Note 1)
User Group Type (Note 2)
User Group ID (Note 2)
0,20,24,34 or 50
Note 1: Sub-channels 0 and 1 are defined implicitly and therefore need not be explicitly defined. Note 2: Only present if the Broadcast Mode indicates User Group ID specific broadcast. Each of the fields of the Sub-channel Info information element and the attributes which they describe are set forth in more detail below.
Message Encryption Algorithm A
Message Encryption Key A
Standard Sub-channel
(part of Broadcast Domain)
Wildcard Sub-channel
(not part of Broadcast Domain)
Unrestricted Broadcast
User Group ID Specific Broadcast
Broadcast Domain ID
Change Indicator Map
Change Acquisition Map
The Change Acquisition Map information element is use to provide change acquisition information on a per sub-channel basis. The leftmost bit in the map corresponds to sub-channel 31 and the rightmost bit corresponds to sub-channel 0. Whenever there is a modification to the content of a sub-channel (other than a deletion) the corresponding bit position in this map is used to inform mobile stations how to acquire the new information as follows. When a bit of this map is set to 0, then mobile stations that have previously read the newly modified sub-channel associated with that bit shall acquire the new information by reading sub-channel 1. Mobile stations that are in the process of reading or have never read the newly modified sub-channel shall acquire the new information by (re-)reading a full cycle of information from the modified sub-channel. When a bit of this map is set to 1, mobile stations shall acquire the new information by reading a full cycle of information from the newly modified sub-channel.
The S-BCCH Payload message is sent on sub-channels 1 through 31 in order to provide the Layer 3 message specific to S-BCCH operation and can, for example, have the following format.
Other Data (TBD)
The Message Type information element identified the function of the message, e.g., an S-BCCH Payload message. The Message Type Qualifier information element is used to identify up to 256 distinct S-BCCH messages. For example:
Having described exemplary Layer 3 messages, the operation of a mobile station in such a system will now be described by way of several examples. As mentioned above, a mobile station that acquires a new DCCH (e.g., by cell reselection) shall perform an S-BCCH update by first reading sub-channel 0 to determine if the S-BCCH information associated with this DCCH is different. For example, assume that the mobile station has travelled to a cell whose DCCH is associated with another broadcast domain (e.g., a different system operator). Under these circumstances, the mobile station will read a full cycle of information all sub-channels determined to be of interest according to subchannel 0 information. Sub-channels of interest can, for example, include those sub-channels whose encryption techniques match those which the mobile station can decrypt and/or those sub-channels accessible to a common user group supported by the mobile station.
As another example, consider a mobile station which is informed, by a change in the notification flag found in the SPACH header, that the contents of the S-BCCH have changed. Suppose, for this example, that the change constitutes the addition of a new sub-channel. The mobile station will then read sub-channel 0. If it first receives a Subchannel Change Summary message, the mobile station will learn, from the setting of a bit in the Change Indicator Map information element, that a new sub-channel has been added. However, the mobile station will not know, based on this message, whether or not this is a sub-channel of interest, since the Subchannel Change Summary message does not provide an indication of the sub-channel attributes associated with the newly added sub-channel. Accordingly, the mobile will read a Subchannel configuration message to determine if it is interested in the new sub-channel and read a cycle of that sub-channel, as desired.
As another example, consider a mobile station that is informed of a change in S-BCCH information via the S-BCCH change notification flag carried in the SPACH header. Suppose, for this example, that the change constitutes the modification of a single message sent on a specific sub-channel of interest to the mobile station. The mobile station responds to the change notification by first reading sub-channel 0 to acquire the Sub-channel Change Summary message. The Change Indicator Map information element contained within this message identifies that only a single sub-channel has changed. A bit position in the Change Indicator Map information element and its corresponding value serves to uniquely identify the changed sub-channel. The Change Acquisition Map information element, also contained within this message, indicates how the changed information is to be acquired for the changed sub-channel identified. For this example, assume that the bit position in the Change Acquisition Map information element corresponding to the changes sub-channel indicates that sub-channel 1 should be read to acquire the changes associated with the changed sub-channel. The mobile station then proceeds to read a full set of information sent on sub-channel 1 (in this example only a single S-BCCH Payload message since only one sub-channel has changed) and updates its S-BCCH information accordingly.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of attributes such as types of encryption and user group assignment, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other types of attributes can be added or substituted for those described herein. Moreover, other broadcast SMS embodiments will also be apparent to those skilled in the art being within the scope of the present invention without a detailed description thereof. For example, sub-channel 1 need not be dedicated to carry change information. Instead, additional segmentation can be provided at Layer 2 whereby strings of Layer 2 frames are also defined to allow guaranteed delivery of these distinct strings without interruption (unless aborted) while still allowing for a fast real time response to information change situations.
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communication system and an apparatus therefor* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification370/347, 455/466International ClassificationH04L12/28, H04L1/18, H04L1/20, H04B7/24, H04B7/26, H04L1/00, H04L1/16, H04W88/02, H04W4/06, H04W4/14Cooperative ClassificationH04W52/0216, H04W52/0219, H04L1/0083, H04L1/1848, H04L1/18, H04B7/2643, H04B7/24, H04L1/0057, H04L1/20, H04W4/14, H04W72/005, H04L1/0002, H04L1/188, H04W48/16, H04W88/02, H04L1/1809, H04W68/00, H04L1/1803, H04L1/1614, H04B7/2656, H04L1/0061, H04L1/0071, H04W4/06, H04W68/025, H04W48/20, H04L1/0072, H04L29/06, H04L1/08, H04L1/0046, H04L1/0059, H04L2001/0093, H04L1/1685, Y02B60/50European ClassificationH04L1/00B7V, H04L1/00B5B, H04L1/18A, H04L1/18T5, H04L1/00B8, H04L1/16F17, H04B7/26T, H04L29/06, H04L1/00B7E, H04L1/18R5, H04W68/02Q, H04W48/20, H04L1/08, H04W48/16, H04B7/24, H04W4/06, H04L1/00F2, H04B7/26T10, H04L1/20, H04L1/18, H04L1/18C, H04L1/16F1, H04L1/00B7B, H04L1/00B7CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 27, 2004FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 26, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Dec 26, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services