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Baggrund for revision af EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007 Flyveaske til beton - PDF
Baggrund for revision af EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007 Flyveaske til beton
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1 DS-information DS/CEN/TR udgave Baggrund for revision af EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007 Flyveaske til beton Backgrounds to the revision of EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007 Fly ash for concrete
2 DS/CEN/TR København DS projekt: M ICS: Første del af denne publikations betegnelse er: DS/CEN/TR, hvilket betyder, at det er en europæisk teknisk rapport, der har status som DS-information. Denne publikations overensstemmelse er: IDT med: CEN TR 16443:2013. DS-publikationen er på engelsk. DS-publikationstyper Dansk Standard udgiver forskellige publikationstyper. Typen på denne publikation fremgår af forsiden. Der kan være tale om: Dansk standard standard, der er udarbejdet på nationalt niveau, eller som er baseret på et andet lands nationale standard, eller standard, der er udarbejdet på internationalt og/eller europæisk niveau, og som har fået status som dansk standard DS-information publikation, der er udarbejdet på nationalt niveau, og som ikke har opnået status som standard, eller publikation, der er udarbejdet på internationalt og/eller europæisk niveau, og som ikke har fået status som standard, fx en teknisk rapport, eller europæisk præstandard DS-håndbog samling af standarder, eventuelt suppleret med informativt materiale DS-hæfte publikation med informativt materiale Til disse publikationstyper kan endvidere udgives tillæg og rettelsesblade DS-publikationsform Publikationstyperne udgives i forskellig form som henholdsvis fuldtekstpublikation (publikationen er trykt i sin helhed) godkendelsesblad (publikationen leveres i kopi med et trykt DS-omslag) elektronisk (publikationen leveres på et elektronisk medie) DS-betegnelse Alle DS-publikationers betegnelse begynder med DS efterfulgt af et eller flere præfikser og et nr., fx DS 383, DS/EN 5414 osv. Hvis der efter nr. er angivet et A eller Cor, betyder det, enten at det er et tillæg eller et rettelsesblad til hovedstandarden, eller at det er indført i hovedstandarden. DS-betegnelse angives på forsiden. Overensstemmelse med anden publikation: Overensstemmelse kan enten være IDT, EQV, NEQ eller MOD IDT: Når publikationen er identisk med en given publikation. EQV: Når publikationen teknisk er i overensstemmelse med en given publikation, men præsentationen er ændret. NEQ: Når publikationen teknisk eller præsentationsmæssigt ikke er i overensstemmelse med en given standard, men udarbejdet på baggrund af denne. MOD: Når publikationen er modificeret i forhold til en given publikation.
3 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR March 2013 ICS English Version Backgrounds to the revision of EN 450-1:2005+A1: Fly ash for concrete Contexte de la révision de l'en 450-1:2005+A1: Cendres volantes pour béton Hintergründe zur Überarbeitung der EN 450-1:2005+A1: Flugasche für Beton This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 29 October It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 104. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16443:2013: E
4 Contents Page Foreword...3 Introduction Scope List of relevant references General General and objective Structure of the report Overview of requirements in EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007 and EN 450-1: Background for modification of the requirements in EN Definition of fly ash Co-combustion materials Loss on ignition Free calcium oxide Reactive silicon dioxide Phosphate Background for the statistical evaluation for assessment procedure by variables Background for modification of test methods in EN Chemical composition Fineness wet/dry Measures within EN to assure fly ash quality Production process Quality control and conformity evaluation technical properties Conformity evaluation toxicological and environmental aspects Impact of co-combustion on the release of regulated dangerous substances General Overruling regulation regarding toxicological and environmental aspects Environmental regulations (Leaching) Annex A (informative) List of abbreviations Annex B (informative) Generation of fly ash B.1 The chain from fuel to fly ash, ready for use in concrete B.2 Ash formation during combustion Annex C (informative) Overview of tested fly ashes obtained from co-combustion Annex D (informative) Calculated maximum co-combustion amounts D.1 Objective D.2 Method D.3 Data D.4 Results Bibliography
5 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16443:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 Concrete and related products, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. 3
6 Introduction Following five years of experience using EN 450-1, it was clear that some clauses need improvement within the standards. In the existing standards the maximum amount of fly ash from co-combustion was limited to certain proportions. Experience gained with fly ashes conforming to a European Technical Approval (ETA), where higher co-combustion amounts were permitted, showed that the requirements in the corresponding Common Understanding of Assessment Procedure (CUAP) were sufficient guarantee for fly ashes to produce excellent performance in concretes, mortars, grouts and cements. As agreed in CEN/TC 104, the experience gained with ETA fly ashes should be incorporated in the revision of EN In this background report it is proved that wider ranging limits and types of co-combustion materials can be safely applied in the revised EN It is also shown that in practice some requirements in EN have been proven to be unrealistic. Improvements have been proposed for the definition of fly ash, the loss on ignition, free calcium oxide, reactive silicon dioxide and the limits for phosphate. The conformity procedures have also been evaluated, especially the assessment procedure for inspection by variables. Based on this evaluation work, modifications are needed for the LOI 1) classes B and C. The revised version of the standard incorporates the European Technical Approvals (ETA) and EU members experience gained with fly ash in concrete. The requirements of the revised standard will result in fly ashes which will perform similarly to those conforming to EN 450-1: ) LOI Loss on ignition. 4
7 1 Scope This Technical Report describes the backgrounds to the revision on EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007, Fly ash for concrete Part 1: Definition, specifications and conformity criteria. 2 List of relevant references The following references are covered by the present document: EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007, Fly ash for concrete Part 1: Definition, specifications and conformity criteria; EN 450-1:2012 (revised EN ) ), Fly ash for concrete Part 1: Definition, specifications and conformity criteria; EN 450-2:2005, Fly ash for concrete Part 2: Conformity evaluation; EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement; EN 197-1:2000, Cement Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements; EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions. 3 General 3.1 General and objective Fly ash has been used for many decades in concrete as an addition for its positive influence on workability, heat of hydration, strength development and durability. After the encouraging pilot projects some decades ago with positive results, licenses for regular use and later on technical approvals were granted by the national building authorities, certificates and standards. Today, regulations and standards exist for the use of fly ash in mortar and concrete. In 1995, the first EU standard was published, namely EN 450, Fly ash for concrete Definitions, requirements and quality control. This edition was followed up by a harmonised standard based on Mandate M 128 in 2005 (EN 450-1:2005), together with a second standard (EN 450-2:2005), specific for conformity evaluation. The scope of EN 450-1:2005 states that fly ashes with percentages of co-combustion material higher than those covered in EN 450-1:2005, Clause 4 or with other types of co-combustion material are outside the scope of EN 450-1:2005. In some countries, the use of fly ash with a higher percentage of co-combustion material was already common practice and it was not accepted by these countries that these fly ashes, containing higher amounts of cocombustion and other co-combustion materials, were excluded from CE marking. It was agreed that European Technical Approvals (ETAs) could be granted for this product according to Article 8.2 of the Construction Products Directive. The mandate M 128 was updated with the clarification that fly ash produced with other types than those covered by EN and fly ash produced with a percentage of co-combustion material outside the limits defined in EN 450 (all parts), can be subject to ETAs, in order to allow these products to be CE marked. The experience gained with the fly ashes conforming to these ETAs has been used for the next revision of EN Due to the regular five-year revision, WG 4 of CEN TC 104 incorporated the knowledge gained with the fly ashes conforming to these ETAs with EN Other issues for the revision were identified as a lack of clarity regarding the conformity evaluation and some of the other requirements. 2) In this present Technical Report a reference to the revised EN always refers to EN 450-1:
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