Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP3936707B2/en
Timestamp: 2020-01-29 07:47:50
Document Index: 687538993

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 14', 'art 15', 'art 16', 'art 17', 'art 19', 'art 20', 'art 22', 'art 24', 'art 25']

JP3936707B2 - Scalable communication conference system, server device, scalable communication conference method, scalable communication conference control method, scalable communication conference control program, and program recording medium thereof - Google Patents
Scalable communication conference system, server device, scalable communication conference method, scalable communication conference control method, scalable communication conference control program, and program recording medium thereof Download PDF
JP3936707B2
JP3936707B2 JP2004155420A JP2004155420A JP3936707B2 JP 3936707 B2 JP3936707 B2 JP 3936707B2 JP 2004155420 A JP2004155420 A JP 2004155420A JP 2004155420 A JP2004155420 A JP 2004155420A JP 3936707 B2 JP3936707 B2 JP 3936707B2
JP2004155420A
JP2005341075A (en
淳一 中嶋
2004-05-26 Priority to JP2004155420A priority Critical patent/JP3936707B2/en
2005-12-08 Publication of JP2005341075A publication Critical patent/JP2005341075A/en
2007-06-27 Publication of JP3936707B2 publication Critical patent/JP3936707B2/en
The present invention relates to a multipoint video conference system in which each client can arbitrarily switch and display a composite image of a plurality of clients and an image of a specific client, and in particular, the bit rate of the image for each client. The present invention relates to a scalable communication conferencing system using hierarchically encoded data that can arbitrarily change the image and display a specific client image with high definition.
As conventional multipoint communication conference systems, for example, the following patent document 1 “multipoint conference control device”, patent document 2 “image coding method and multipoint video conference system using the image coding method”, patent Those described in Document 3 “Multipoint Video Conference Device” and the like are known.
Generally, in these multipoint communication conference systems, the server device that controls the communication conference combines images received from multiple clients participating in the conference and distributes them to each client terminal. The image was at a constant bit rate.
In addition, in a multipoint communication conference system, using scalable hierarchically encoded data consisting of a base layer bit stream and an enhancement layer bit stream for transmission / reception of image data between a server device and each client terminal means that the base layer and the extension It has not been considered much because the amount of encoded data as a whole layer increases.
As a scalable encoding method in image communication, for example, an MPEG-4 FGS (Fine Granularity Scalable) encoding method as described in Non-Patent Document 1 below is known. The most important purpose of such hierarchical coding is to realize a function for adaptively cutting the enhancement layer and eliminating the interruption of the image when the transmission band varies.
JP 07-236128 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-179933 JP-A 63-174487 "AMENDMENT 4: Streaming video profile", ISO / IEC 14496-2: 1999 / FDAM4.
The conventional multipoint communication conference system has the following problems.
(1) The image data distributed to each client terminal by the server device has a fixed bit rate, and cannot be received at a different bit rate for each client terminal. When a client terminal of a conference participant tries to change the bit rate of image data received from the server device, the bit rate of image data for all other client terminals must also be changed to the same bit rate. .
(2) When the client terminal selects and displays only a specific client image (hereinafter referred to as a personal image) from a plurality of client composite images, the definition of the composite image and the personal image is the same. It was not possible to view personal images with high definition from the synthesized images.
(3) Further, since the image data distributed from the server device to each client terminal has a fixed bit rate, it has not been possible to cope with a change in bandwidth.
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, makes it possible to freely change the bit rate of image data for each client terminal in a multipoint communication conference system, and arbitrarily switches between a composite image and a specific personal image. The purpose is to enable high-definition viewing of images and to guarantee the frame rate even when the bit rate is reduced.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a server device that controls a multipoint video conference, a function of receiving a scalable bit stream from each client terminal, a function of transmitting a scalable bit stream to each client terminal, and A function for synthesizing / encoding the basic layer bitstream, a function for synthesizing / encoding the received enhancement layer bitstream, and switching to a bitstream of a composite image or an individual image for each client terminal. The function to determine the transmission function, the bit rate of the data to be transmitted for each client terminal, and the bit rate specified for the composite image bit stream or individual image bit stream to be transmitted to each client terminal Bitstream as A function and to be cut out.
That is, the present invention includes a plurality of client terminals and a server device that is connected to the client terminals via a network and controls communication between the client terminals, and includes a base layer bit stream and an enhancement layer bit stream. A scalable communication conference system for performing a video conference using hierarchically encoded data, wherein at least one of the client terminals, the server apparatus, or a network apparatus receives bits of data received by the client terminals Each client terminal includes means for hierarchically encoding input video at the terminal, means for transmitting hierarchically encoded data to the server apparatus, and hierarchical encoding from the server apparatus. Means to receive the received data and the floor Means for hierarchically decoding the encoded data; means for displaying the hierarchically decoded image; and a composite image and a personal image for displaying an image obtained by combining the plurality of client images or displaying a specific client image Means for inputting the selection information, and means for transmitting the selection information of the composite image and the personal image to the server device, wherein the server device receives the hierarchically encoded data from each of the client terminals. And a bit stream synthesis processing means for synthesizing the base layer bit stream and the enhancement layer bit stream, respectively, without decoding the hierarchically encoded data from each received client terminal, and generating a bit stream of the synthesized image , Means for receiving selection information of a composite image and a personal image from each of the client terminals; A means for switching whether to transmit the bit stream of the composite image or the hierarchically encoded data received from the selected specific client terminal, based on the selection information of the image and the personal image, and to each client terminal Of the hierarchically encoded data so that the amount of data of the hierarchically encoded data of the composite image or the image of the specific client to be transmitted is equal to the data amount corresponding to the indicated bit rate, Bit that adjusts the bit rate by performing code conversion that truncates the encoded data in the order of the encoded data of the lower plane of the enhancement layer bitstream, the encoded data of the upper plane, and then the encoded data of the base layer Rate transcoding means and output bit stream of the bit rate transcoding means Means for transmitting a message to the client terminal.
The hierarchically encoded data is data in which the resolution of the enhancement layer is n times (where n> 1) the resolution of the base layer.
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the present invention. According to the present invention, in a communication conference system for multipoint video conferencing, a server device receives hierarchical encoded data including a base layer bit stream 11 and an enhancement layer bit stream 12 from each client terminal. Each client terminal can select whether to receive a composite image or an arbitrary personal image. Also, the bit rate (data amount) to be received can be specified.
FIG. 1A shows an operation when the client terminal selects reception of a composite image. Here, it is assumed that a certain client receives images of clients A to D who are other conference participants. The bit rate instructing unit 19 instructs the bit rate transcoding unit 16 about the bit rate of data to be transmitted to the client terminal in response to a request from the client terminal that receives data in advance.
When the server device receives a scalable bit stream composed of the base layer bit stream 11 and the enhancement layer bit stream 12 from the client terminals of the clients A to D, the personal image indicating whether the destination client terminal has selected the composite image or not. It is determined whether or not the selected image is selected, and if a combined image is selected, the bit stream combining processing unit 13 combines the image data of the clients A to D.
The bit stream synthesis processing unit 13 includes a base layer synthesis coding unit 131 and an enhancement layer synthesis coding unit 132. In the case of image data synthesis, the base layer synthesis coding unit 131 causes the clients A to D to The base layer bit stream 11 is synthesized / encoded, and the enhancement layer synthesis / encoding unit 132 synthesizes / encodes the enhancement layer bit stream 12 of each of the clients A to D.
The bit rate transcoding unit 16 receives the bit stream synthesized by the bit stream synthesis processing unit 13 and transmits it at a predetermined bit rate (bandwidth) indicated by the bit rate instruction unit 19. A process for cutting the bitstream is performed. That is, in order to reduce the data amount so that the transferable bit amount can be achieved at the instructed bit rate, the encoded data is set to 0 in order from the lower bit plane (layer) of the enhancement layer bit stream 12. Depending on the bit rate, the enhancement layer bit stream 12 may not be sent at all, and the B picture and further the P picture in the base layer bit stream 11 may be cut.
By transmitting the bit stream transcoded by the bit rate transcoding unit 16 to the client terminal that requested the composite image, the composite of the images of the clients A to D is displayed as in the display screen 3 on the client. Is done.
When the client terminal requests a specific personal image (for example, an image of client B) instead of a composite image, the server device performs the process shown in FIG. First, the composition / individual image selection information receiving unit 18 notifies the personal image selection unit 14 that the client B's image request has been received from the client terminal. The personal image selection unit 14 selects only the base layer bit stream 11 and the enhancement layer bit stream 12 of the client B from the scalable bit streams received from the clients A to D, and sends them to the bit rate transcoding unit 16.
Similarly to the case of FIG. 1A, the bit rate transcoding unit 16 cuts the bit stream so that it can be transmitted at a predetermined bit rate (bandwidth) instructed by the bit rate instructing unit 19. Process. Here, since only the scalable bit stream of client B is selected, the bit amount of base layer bit stream 11 and enhancement layer bit stream 12 is only for one client B, and the case of FIG. Even with the same bit rate, a large amount of transfer bits can be allocated particularly for the enhancement layer bit stream 12. Of course, as the number of bit planes transmitted as the enhancement layer bit stream 12 increases, an image obtained by decoding the encoded data in the receiving device is displayed with higher definition.
Therefore, the display screen 3 on the client is a screen in which the image of the client B is displayed with high definition.
According to the present invention, there is an effect that the bit rate of image data can be freely changed for each client terminal in a multi-point video conference communication conference system. In addition, there is an effect that a personal image can be viewed with high definition by arbitrarily switching a composite image of a plurality of clients and a specific personal image. Further, the frame rate can be guaranteed even when the bit rate is lowered, and there is an effect that it is possible to cope with a change in bandwidth.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 shows an example of a communication conference system between four parties to which the present invention is applied. Each of the client terminals 2A to 2D generates a scalable bitstream by encoding the video captured by the own terminal using a hierarchical encoding method, and uploads it to the server device 1 in real time in an uplink session. In the present embodiment, MPEG-4 SP (Simple Profile) or ASP (Advanced Simple Profile) encoding is used for base layer encoding, and MPEG-4 FGS ( Fine Granularity Scalable) shall be used.
The server device 1 is a multipoint connection unit (MCU) that controls a video conference. The server device 1 synthesizes the received scalable bitstream, deletes the self-portrait of the destination client, The scalable bit stream is cut to the bandwidth requested from each client terminal 2A to 2D and distributed to each client terminal 2A to 2D. For a client terminal requesting a personal image of a specific client, select the requested client from the received scalable bitstream, and cut that scalable bitstream to the band specified by the requesting client terminal. Then send.
FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of the server device and the client terminal. For easy understanding of the client terminal, a client terminal (transmission side) 2 that uploads the self-portrait to the server apparatus 1 and a client terminal that receives and decodes a scalable bitstream from the server apparatus 1 and displays an image. (Receiving side) 2 'is written separately. Actually, each client terminal has functions of both a transmitting side and a receiving side.
The server apparatus 1 receives a scalable bit stream (base layer bit stream 11 and enhancement layer bit stream 12) from each client terminal (transmission side) 2 and received from each client terminal (transmission side) 2. Bit stream composition processing unit 13 that synthesizes a scalable bit stream and the bit stream of the reception buffer 10 corresponding to the requested client number when a personal image of a specific client is requested from the client terminal (reception side) 2 ′ A personal image selection unit 14 for selecting a composite image and a personal image switching unit for selecting and outputting either a composite image or a bit stream of a specific personal image in response to a request from each client terminal (reception side) 2 ′ 15 and output to the specified bit rate A bit rate transcoding unit 16 for adjusting the amount of data to be transmitted, a transmission buffer 17 for transmitting a scalable bit stream to each client terminal (reception side) 2 ′, and a synthesized image and an individual from the client terminal (reception side) 2 ′ Information for selecting an image and a personal image, when selecting a personal image, a composite / personal image selection information receiving unit 18 for receiving information of the client number, and a bit requested from the client terminal (receiving side) 2 ′ And a bit rate instruction unit 19 for transmitting the rate to the bit rate transcoding unit 16.
In the server device 1, the reception buffer 10, the personal image selection unit 14, the synthesis / personal image switching unit 15, the bit rate transcoding unit 16, the transmission buffer 17, the synthesis / personal image selection information reception unit 18 and the bit rate instruction unit 19 are , Multiple sets are prepared corresponding to each client terminal of the conference participants.
The client terminal (transmission side) 2 transmits a camera 20 that inputs video, a hierarchical encoding unit 21 that hierarchically encodes video input from the camera 20, and a scalable bitstream encoded by the hierarchical encoding unit 21. A transmission buffer 22.
Further, the client terminal (reception side) 2 ′ inputs information indicating which one of the composite image and the personal image is selected from the user and which client image is selected when the personal image is selected. A composition / personal image selection information instruction unit 23, a composition / personal selection information transmission unit 24 for transmitting information instructed by the composition / personal image selection information instruction unit 23 to the server apparatus 1, and a scalable bit stream from the server apparatus 1. Reception buffer 25 for receiving, hierarchical decoding unit 26 for decoding the received scalable bit stream, display unit 27 such as a display for displaying the decoded image, and bit rate information of the amount of data desired to be received by the own device A bit rate transmission unit 28 for transmission to the server device 1.
For example, a slider bar for inputting a bit rate [bit per sec] may be displayed on the display unit 27 to allow the user to specify the bit rate when data is received at the client terminal (reception side) 2 ′. The client terminal (reception side) 2 ′ may automatically determine according to a specified value or a communication situation. In addition, the client terminal (reception side) 2 'may specify the bit rate for receiving data, but the network apparatus or the server apparatus 1 may specify it according to the network status.
FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of the bitstream synthesis processing unit 13. The bit stream synthesis processing unit 13 includes a base layer synthesis coding unit 131 and an enhancement layer synthesis coding unit 132.
The scalable bit stream transmitted from each client terminal (transmission side) 2 to the server apparatus 1 is input to the bit stream synthesis processing unit 13 via the reception buffer 10, and the basic layer bit stream 11 of each client The layer composition coding unit 131 composes one base layer bit stream. The enhancement layer bit stream 12 of each client is synthesized into one enhancement layer bit stream 12 by the enhancement layer synthesis encoding unit 132.
The synthesized image bit stream composed of the synthesized base layer bit stream and enhancement layer bit stream is transmitted through the synthesis / personal image switching unit 15 when the client terminal (reception side) 2 ′ requests a synthesized image. It is output to the bit rate transcoding unit 16.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining image composition in the bitstream composition processing unit 13. A method for generating a single encoded bitstream by combining a plurality of images from a plurality of encoded bitstreams, for example, is to decode each encoded bitstream, and then combine the decoded images. A method of generating an encoded bitstream of a composite image by generating a composite image and re-encoding the composite image is conceivable. However, in this method, it takes time to decode individual bit streams and re-encode synthesized images.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is considered that the encoded data included in the scalable bitstream before synthesis is used as much as possible, and the base layer bitstream 11 is synthesized by the base layer synthesis coding unit 131, and the extension layer bits are synthesized. The stream 12 is synthesized by the enhancement layer synthesis coding unit 132 so that the base layer and the enhancement layer are synthesized separately.
In the base layer synthesis coding unit 131, for example, four image bit streams of images A, B, C, and D are converted into images A, B, and 2 in the first row as shown in FIG. When the images C and D are combined in two stages in the order of the eyes, the first row of the macroblock MB of the encoded data of the image B is connected after the first row of the macroblock MB of the encoded data of the image A. Then, the encoded data are arranged in such a manner that the second row of the macroblock MB of the image A is followed by the second row of the macroblock MB of the image B. When the encoded data of the images A and B are completed, the macro blocks MB are similarly arranged in the order of the images C and D for each row. This is a synthesized base layer bitstream.
In the enhancement layer synthesis coding unit 132, for each enhancement layer bitstream 12, as shown in FIG. 5B, each macroblock MB can be changed in the order of images A, B, C, and D from the highest layer. Long-coded data is extracted and a bit stream synthesized for each layer is generated.
By the way, when MPEG-4 FGS coding is used for the enhancement layer, the enhancement layer bit stream 12 is composed of four layers of bit streams, and the variable length coding tables of the respective layers are different. Therefore, the FGS layer of each client cannot be synthesized as it is. In other words, since the maximum bit plane of each frame for each client is different, if the variable length encoded data of images A to D are arranged as they are, the bit plane is shifted, and decoding using the correct variable length encoding table is possible. Disappear.
In this embodiment, in order to solve this problem, an SE (Selective Enhancement) function for preferentially encoding a selected macroblock is used in the framework of FGS encoding. FIG. 6A is a diagram for explaining the concept of the SE.
In FIG. 6A, the horizontal axis represents the macroblock number, and the vertical axis represents the size of the DCT coefficient. In general, a DCT coefficient increases in a macroblock (Complex MB) in a region where the image is complex, and a DCT coefficient decreases in a macroblock (Plain MB) in a region where the image is flat. In the enhancement layer coding, the coding is basically performed in descending order of the amplitude of the DCT coefficient. For example, for DCT coefficients not included in the upper 4 planes, encoded data is not generated as an enhancement layer, but a macro block (Gradation MB) in a gradation area of an image or a macro block (Edge MB) in an edge area portion of a shape. ) Is visually important, it is desirable that the DCT coefficients in that region be encoded. Therefore, in SE, as shown in FIG. 6A, the bit of the macroblock is shifted from what bit so that the macroblock can be preferentially encoded.
That is, FGS is not encoded for each macroblock, but is variable-length encoded for each FGS bitplane. The lower plane is encoded later in time. However, this order can be changed for each macroblock by using SE. In other words, an arbitrary macroblock whose information appears only in the lower plane is shifted so as to belong to the upper plane to get clogs, and information on how many planes the macroblock is higher is held. This is SE.
By using this SE function, it is possible to solve the problem that, when the enhancement layers of a plurality of images A to D are combined, the plane is shifted and the variable length coding table is different. When synthesizing an FGS enhancement layer bitstream, if the position from the most significant plane does not change after synthesis, there is no problem even if the variable length coding table is used in common for each image before synthesis. The enhancement layer bitstream 12 can be synthesized without adding variable-length coding again by simply attaching SE data (information indicating how many planes are higher) to the shifted macroblock.
FIG. 6B is a flowchart when the enhancement layer synthesis encoding unit 132 synthesizes enhancement layers of n images.
First, in step S1, the maximum bit plane (MBP: Max Bit Plane) of the i-th (i = 1 to n) image of the f-th frame is examined for each of n images to be synthesized, and MBP f (i) And Next, at step S2, 1-th from MBP f (1) of the image of the largest of MBP f (n) of the n th image of the things, that is, the maximum number of planes of the MBP f (max).
In the subsequent step S3, i = 1 is set, i is incremented until i exceeds n (step S6) (step S5), and step S4 is executed for the i-th image. In step S4, SE is performed on the entire image in the i-th image by a difference value of MBP f (max) −MBP f (i). If the i-th image is MBP f (max), nothing is done. If SE is performed for all n images, the variable-length encoded data VLC is synthesized to form an enhanced layer bit stream after synthesis.
FIG. 7 shows a configuration example of the bit rate transcoding unit 16. The bit rate transcoding unit 16 inputs the composite image selected by the composition / individual image switching unit 15 or the bit stream of the individual image. If the personal image designated by a client A is that of client B, the scalable bit stream of client B is selected by the personal image selection unit 14 in FIG. 3 and the bit rate is passed through the composition / personal image switching unit 15. The bit stream is input to the transcoding unit 16, and the bit rate variable unit 162 cuts the bit stream up to the bit rate specified by the client A and outputs it to the transmission buffer 17.
On the other hand, when a client A designates a composite image, the bit stream synthesized by the bit stream synthesis processing unit 13 is input to the bit rate transcoding unit 16 via the synthesis / personal image switching unit 15. . In the bit rate transcoding unit 16, the self-image deletion processing unit 161 changes the base layer bit stream and the enhancement layer bit stream in the area corresponding to the client A in the composite image bit stream to a value of “0”. The composite image bit stream from which the self-image has been deleted is cut to the bit rate specified by the client A by the bit rate variable unit 162 and output to the transmission buffer 17.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the processing of the bit rate variable unit 162 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8A, the data format of the enhancement layer bit stream handled in the present embodiment is the FGS VOP (Video Object Plane) start before the variable length encoded data (VLC) for one frame. The code bit Sc is added.
The bit rate instructed by the client is B c [bit per sec], and the frame rate f [frames per sec] of the previous GOV is assumed. First, in step S10, the bit amount B v per frame is calculated by dividing B c by f (B v = B c / f).
In step S11, a bit count value for counting the bit amount is initialized to “0”. In step S12, bit data is extracted and analyzed sequentially from the beginning of the enhancement layer bit stream. If the bit data of the FGS VOP start code bits S c extracted (step S13), and returns to step S11, again, continues to count is initialized to a bit count value "0".
Otherwise VOP start code bits S c of FGS, whether the bit count is greater than B v (step S15), and until a VOP start code bits S c of the next FGS (step S13), and increments the bit counter value (Step S14), and the coded bits are counted. When the bit count value exceeds the amount of bits B v per frame (step S15), and the process proceeds to step S16, to the remaining data of the frame (VLC), that is, VOP start code bits S c of the next FGS appears All data is set to a code “0”. The above process is repeated for a series of enhancement layer bitstreams.
The bit rate variable unit 162 adjusts the bit amount of the bit stream to be transmitted so that the bit rate specified by the client is obtained by performing the above processing for each GOV (data from the I picture to the next I picture). To do.
9 to 11 show configuration examples of the hierarchical encoding unit 21 in the client terminal (transmission side) 2 shown in FIG. In either case, hierarchical encoding consisting of a base layer and an enhancement layer by the MPEG-4 ASP / FGS encoding method is performed. FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show a hierarchical encoding method when the base layer and the enhancement layer have the same resolution, and are generally known. FIG. 11 shows an improvement of the conventional hierarchical encoding method for this embodiment, in which the enhancement layer performs hierarchical encoding having a resolution twice that of the base layer. In FIGS. 9 to 11, the motion detection unit and the motion compensation unit are not shown for easy understanding of the drawings.
First, the hierarchical encoding method of FIG. 9 will be described. In the encoding of the base layer, when the digitized input video 211 is input, the subtracter 212 calculates the difference between the input video 211 and the motion compensated predicted image. The DCT unit 213 performs a discrete cosine transform on the difference signal and outputs the resulting DCT coefficient. The quantization unit 214 quantizes the DCT coefficient and outputs the quantization result to the variable length coding unit 215 and the inverse quantization unit 216. The variable length coding unit 216 performs variable length coding on the quantized DCT coefficient to generate a base layer bit stream. The inverse quantization unit 216 inversely quantizes the quantized DCT coefficient, and the inverse DCT unit 217 further performs inverse discrete cosine transform to generate a decoded image for use in the predicted image.
In the enhancement layer encoding, a subtractor 218 calculates a difference image between the decoded image of the base layer locally decoded by the inverse quantization unit 216 and the inverse DCT unit 217 and the input video 211, and the DCT unit 219 calculates the difference image. Perform discrete cosine transform. The bit plane expansion unit 220 expands the DCT coefficient as it is, and the selective enhancement processing unit (SE: Selective Enhancement) 221 determines the coding priority of the DCT coefficient expanded in the bit plane before variable length encoding. Make a change. The variable length coding unit 222 performs variable length coding on the result and generates an enhancement layer bit stream.
In the encoding by the hierarchical encoding unit having the configuration shown in FIG. 10, the input video 231 is hierarchically encoded as follows. The base layer encoding is the same as in FIG. 9, and the base layer bit stream is obtained by the subtractor 232, the DCT unit 233, the quantization unit 234, the variable length encoding unit 235, the inverse quantization unit 236, and the inverse DCT unit 237. And a decoded image for the next predictive coding.
In the enhancement layer coding, the difference between the DCT coefficient immediately after the DCT transformation by the DCT unit 233 in the base layer and the DCT coefficient after the quantization by the quantization unit 234 and the inverse quantization by the inverse quantization unit 236 is subtracted. It is calculated directly by the instrument 238. The bit plane expansion unit 239 expands the difference between the DCT coefficients. The selective extension processing unit (SE) 240 changes the coding priority of the differential DCT coefficient expanded in the bit plane before variable length coding, and the variable length coding unit 241 converts the result into the variable length code. To generate an enhancement layer bitstream. This method can also generate a bitstream conforming to the FGS encoding syntax, and can speed up the processing compared to the method of FIG.
In the encoding by the hierarchical encoding unit configured as shown in FIG. 11, hierarchical encoding is performed so that the enhancement layer has a resolution twice that of the base layer. The difference from the hierarchical encoding unit shown in FIG. 9 is that the image reduction unit 252 that reduces the input video 251 in accordance with a predetermined reduction ratio such as 1/2, for example, calculates a difference from the predicted image. An image enlarging unit 259 for enlarging the decoded image of the reduced base layer to the original size at the time of encoding of the enhancement layer, and the inverse DCT unit 258, the subtractor 260, It is provided between.
As shown in FIG. 11B, the image reduction unit 252 reduces the number of vertical and horizontal pixels of one frame of the input video 251 to, for example, half, and uses the reduced image 251a for encoding the base layer. In the encoding of the enhancement layer, the reduced image 251a encoded and locally decoded is enlarged to the image size of the original input video 251 by the image enlargement unit 259, and the enlarged decoded image 251b, input video 251 and The difference is calculated and encoded. In other words, in the hierarchical encoding of the method shown in FIG. 11, the input video 251 having a half resolution is used for encoding the base layer. In the encoding of the enhancement layer, the difference between the simple enlarged image of the base layer and the original image of the input video 251 is encoded.
In a client terminal (reception side) 2 ′ that decodes a bitstream that has been hierarchically encoded by the hierarchical encoding method of FIG. 11, the hierarchical decoding unit 26 doubles the decoded image of the base layer and decodes the enhancement layer Overlay with data.
The advantage of using the hierarchical coding scheme shown in FIG. 11 is that the data amount of the base layer bitstream 11 can be greatly reduced. As a result, when the encoded bit stream is transmitted at the same bit rate, the data amount of the enhancement layer bit stream 12 can be increased as much as the data amount of the base layer bit stream 11 decreases. In the display of the decoded image of only the base layer, the image quality deteriorates because the resolution is halved, but the resolution of the result of hierarchical decoding using the enhancement layer is substantially determined by the resolution of the enhancement layer. The impact of halving the resolution is small.
FIG. 12 shows an example of a display screen on the client in the present embodiment. The display screen 3 on the client in FIG. 12A shows a state in which a composite image for four persons is displayed on a certain client terminal (receiving side) 2 ′. Here, when the client of this terminal selects and clicks one of the display clients with a pointing device such as a mouse, the compositing / individual image selection instructing unit 23 of the client terminal (receiving side) 2 'detects it and composits it. The personal image selection information transmission unit 24 transmits the selection information to the server device 1.
The server device 1 analyzes this selection information, switches the scalable bit stream to be transmitted from the synthesized image to the selected client personal image, and distributes it to the requesting client terminal (receiving side) 2 '. In the client terminal (reception side) 2 ′, when it is received by the reception buffer 25, it is decoded by the hierarchical decoding unit 26, and the decoded personal image is displayed on the display unit 27.
FIG. 12B shows a display example when the resolution of the base layer and the enhancement layer is the same in the display of the received image. FIG. 12C shows that the resolution of the base layer and the enhancement layer is different, and the enhancement layer The display example in the case where the resolution of the screen is twice the resolution of the base layer is shown. That is, FIG. 12 (b) uses the bitstream generated by the hierarchical encoding scheme shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10, and FIG. 12 (c) shows the bits generated by the hierarchical encoding scheme shown in FIG. This is an example of using a stream.
In the case of the display of FIG. 12B, the video for one selected client is displayed with high definition. In the display of FIG. 12C, the basic layer is enlarged in accordance with the resolution of the extension layer, and the video for one selected client is displayed in high definition. That is, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), when four clients have a communication conference with the same image size, in the example of FIG. 12 (c), the composite image is displayed when switching from the composite image to the personal image. Switch to a personal image of the same size as.
Even if the resolution of the base layer and the enhancement layer is the same, it is possible to display the personal image by simply enlarging it to the size of the composite image. However, the display using the hierarchical encoding / decoding method shown in FIG. This gives a higher resolution display than a simple enlarged image.
The processes performed by the server device 1 and the client terminals 2 and 2 ′ can be realized not only by hardware and firmware but also by a computer and a software program, and the program can be read by a computer. It can be provided by being recorded on a recording medium or via a network.
It is a figure for demonstrating the outline | summary of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the communication conference system between four persons to which this invention is applied. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the server apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and a client terminal. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a bit stream synthetic | combination process part. It is a figure explaining the composition of the image in a bit stream composition processing part.
It is a figure which shows the concept of SE, and the processing flow of an extended layer area | region transcoding part. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a bit rate transcoding part. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of a bit rate variable part. It is a figure which shows the 1st structural example of a hierarchy encoding part. It is a figure which shows the 2nd structural example of a hierarchy encoding part. It is a figure which shows the 3rd structural example of a hierarchy encoding part. It is a figure which shows the example of the display image in a client terminal.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Server apparatus 2, 2 'Client terminal 3 Display screen in a client 10 Reception buffer 11 Base layer bit stream 12 Enhancement layer bit stream 13 Bit stream composition processing part 14 Personal image selection part 15 Composition | combination / personal image switching part 16 Bit rate transformer Code part 17 Transmission buffer 18 Composition / personal image selection information reception part 19 Bit rate instruction part 20 Camera 21 Hierarchical encoding part 22 Transmission buffer 23 Composition / personal image selection instruction part 24 Composition / personal image selection information transmission part 25 Reception buffer 26 Hierarchical decoding unit 27 Display unit 28 Bit rate transmission unit
Hierarchically encoded data comprising a base layer bit stream and an enhancement layer bit stream, comprising a plurality of client terminals and a server device connected to the client terminals via a network and controlling communication between the client terminals A scalable communication conference system for video conferencing using
At least one of the client terminals, the server device, or a device on the network includes means for indicating a bit rate of data received by the client terminals,
Each of the client terminals is
Means for hierarchically encoding input video at the terminal;
Means for transmitting the hierarchically encoded data to the server device;
Means for receiving hierarchically encoded data from the server device;
Means for hierarchically decoding received hierarchically encoded data;
Means for displaying the hierarchically decoded image;
Means for inputting selection information of a combined image and a personal image for displaying an image obtained by combining the plurality of client images or displaying a specific client image;
Means for transmitting selection information of the composite image and personal image to the server device;
Means for receiving hierarchically encoded data from each client terminal;
Bit stream synthesis processing means for synthesizing the base layer bit stream and the enhancement layer bit stream without decoding the hierarchically encoded data received from each client terminal, and generating a bit stream of the synthesized image;
Means for receiving selection information of a composite image and a personal image from each of the client terminals;
Means for switching whether to transmit the bit stream of the composite image or the hierarchically encoded data received from the selected specific client terminal based on the received composite image and personal image selection information;
The data amount of hierarchically encoded data of the composite image or a particular client of the image be transmitted in the each client terminal, so that the data amount commensurate with the indicated bit rate is hierarchically coded By performing code conversion that truncates the encoded data in the order of the encoded data of the lower plane of the enhancement layer bitstream, the encoded data of the upper plane, and then the encoded data of the base layer , the bit rate Bit rate transcoding means for adjusting
Means for transmitting the output bit stream of the bit rate transcoding means to the client terminal; and a scalable communication conference system.
In claim 1 Symbol placement scalable communication conference system,
The scalable communication conference system, wherein the hierarchically encoded data is data whose resolution of the enhancement layer is n times the resolution of the base layer (where n> 1).
A server device that is connected to a plurality of client terminals performing a video conference via a network and controls a video conference using hierarchically encoded data including a base layer bit stream and an enhancement layer bit stream,
Bit stream synthesis processing means for synthesizing the base layer bit stream and the enhancement layer bit stream without decoding the hierarchically encoded data received from each client terminal and generating a bit stream of the synthesized image;
Means for receiving, from each of the client terminals, a composite image indicating whether to display an image obtained by combining a plurality of client images or a specific client image, and personal image selection information;
Means for switching whether to transmit the hierarchically encoded data received from the selected specific client terminal or the bit stream of the composite image based on the received composite image and personal image selection information;
The data amount of the hierarchically encoded data of the composite image or the image of a specific client to be transmitted to each client terminal is a data amount that matches the bit rate specified for the destination client terminal. Thus, of the hierarchically encoded data, the code conversion is performed by truncating the encoded data in the order of the encoded data of the lower plane of the enhancement layer bitstream, the encoded data of the upper plane, and then the encoded data of the base layer. Bit rate transcoding means for adjusting the bit rate by performing
Means for transmitting the output bit stream of the bit rate transcoding means to the client terminal.
Hierarchically encoded data comprising a base layer bit stream and an enhancement layer bit stream, comprising a plurality of client terminals and a server device connected to the client terminals via a network and controlling communication between the client terminals A scalable teleconferencing method in a teleconferencing system that performs video conferencing using
A process in which each of the client terminals hierarchically encodes an input video at the terminal and transmits the encoded video to the server device;
A process in which each client terminal inputs selection information of a combined image and a personal image to display an image obtained by combining the plurality of client images or a specific client image, and transmits the selected information to the server device;
A process in which the server device receives hierarchically encoded data from each of the client terminals;
Bit stream synthesis in which the server device synthesizes the base layer bit stream and the enhancement layer bit stream without decoding the hierarchically encoded data received from each client terminal, and generates a bit stream of a composite image Process,
A process in which the server device receives selection information of a composite image and a personal image from each client terminal;
Based on the received composite image and personal image selection information, the server device switches between transmitting the composite image bit stream or transmitting the hierarchically encoded data received from the selected specific client terminal. Process,
Data in which the server device matches the bit rate specified for the client terminal, with the data amount of the hierarchically encoded data of the composite image or the image of a specific client to be transmitted to each client terminal Of the hierarchically encoded data, the encoded data in the order of the encoded data of the lower layer of the enhancement layer bitstream, the encoded data of the upper plane, and then the encoded data of the base layer. A bit rate transcoding process that adjusts the bit rate by performing truncation code conversion;
A process in which the server device transmits an output bit stream by the bit rate transcoding process to the client terminal;
A process in which each of the client terminals receives hierarchically encoded data from the server device;
A scalable communication conference method, comprising: a step in which the client terminal hierarchically decodes and displays the received hierarchically encoded data.
The scalable communication conference method according to claim 4 ,
The scalable communication conference method, wherein the hierarchically encoded data is data whose resolution of the enhancement layer is n times (where n> 1) that of the base layer.
A scalable communication conference control method in which a server device controls a video conference using hierarchically encoded data composed of a base layer bit stream and an enhancement layer bit stream, connected to a plurality of client terminals performing a video conference via a network. Because
Receiving hierarchically encoded data from each of the client terminals;
A bit stream synthesizing process for synthesizing the base layer bit stream and the enhancement layer bit stream without decoding the hierarchically encoded data received from each client terminal and generating a bit stream of the synthesized image;
Receiving a composite image indicating whether to display an image obtained by combining a plurality of client images or a specific client image from each of the client terminals and personal image selection information;
A process of switching whether to transmit the hierarchically encoded data received from the selected specific client terminal or the bit stream of the composite image based on the received composite image and personal image selection information;
The data amount of the hierarchically encoded data of the composite image or the image of a specific client to be transmitted to each client terminal is a data amount that matches the bit rate specified for the destination client terminal. Thus, of the hierarchically encoded data, the code conversion is performed by truncating the encoded data in the order of the encoded data of the lower plane of the enhancement layer bitstream, the encoded data of the upper plane, and then the encoded data of the base layer. A bit rate transcoding process for adjusting the bit rate by performing
And a step of transmitting an output bit stream of the bit rate transcoding process to the client terminal.
To be executed by a computer of a server device that is connected to a plurality of client terminals performing a video conference via a network and controls a video conference using hierarchically encoded data composed of a base layer bit stream and an enhancement layer bit stream Scalable communication conference control program of
As means for transmitting the output bit stream of the bit rate transcoding means to the client terminal,
A scalable communication conference control program for causing the computer to function.
To be executed by a computer of a server device that is connected to a plurality of client terminals performing a video conference via a network and controls a video conference using hierarchically encoded data composed of a base layer bit stream and an enhancement layer bit stream A computer-readable recording medium on which a scalable communication conference control program is recorded,
A scalable communication conference control program recording medium, wherein a program for causing the computer to function is recorded.
JP2004155420A 2004-05-26 2004-05-26 Scalable communication conference system, server device, scalable communication conference method, scalable communication conference control method, scalable communication conference control program, and program recording medium thereof Active JP3936707B2 (en)
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