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1 EN V1.2.1 ( ) Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements
2 2 EN V1.2.1 ( ) Reference DEN/ERM-EMC Keywords EMC, radio, regulation 650 Route des Lucioles F Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: Fax: Siret N NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other documents is available at If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute All rights reserved.
3 3 EN V1.2.1 ( ) Contents Intellectual Property Rights...5 Foreword...5 Introduction Scope References Definitions and abbreviations Definitions Abbreviations Test conditions General Arrangements for test signals Arrangements for test signals at the input of transmitters Arrangements for test signals at the output of transmitters Arrangements for test signals at the input of receivers Arrangements for test signals at the output of receivers Arrangements for testing transmitter and receiver together (as a system) RF exclusion band of radio communications equipment Narrow band responses of receivers or receivers which are part of transceivers Normal test modulation Performance assessment General Equipment which can provide a continuous communication link Equipment which does not provide a continuous communication link Ancillary equipment Equipment classification Performance criteria Performance criteria for continuous phenomena applied to transmitters and receivers Performance criteria for transient phenomena applied to Transmitters and receivers Performance criteria for equipment which does not provide a continuous communication link Performance criteria for ancillary equipment tested on a stand alone basis Applicability overview tables EMC emission Immunity Methods of measurement and limits for EMC emissions Test configuration Enclosure of ancillary equipment measured on a stand alone basis Definition Test method Limits DC power input/output ports Definition Test method Limits AC mains power input/output ports Definition Test method Limits Harmonic current emissions (AC mains input port) Voltage fluctuations and flicker (AC mains input port)... 26
4 4 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 9 Test methods and levels for immunity tests Test configuration Radio frequency electromagnetic field (80 MHz to MHz) Definition Test method Performance criteria Electrostatic discharge Definition Test method Performance criteria Fast transients, common mode Definition Test method Performance criteria Radio frequency, common mode Definition Test method Performance criteria Transients and surges in the vehicular environment Definition Test method Test requirements for 12 V DC powered equipment Test requirements for 24 V DC powered equipment Performance criteria Voltage dips and interruptions Definition Test method Performance criteria Surges Definition Test method Performance criteria Annex A (normative): Clauses and/or subclauses of the present document relevant for compliance with the essential requirements of EC Council Directives...34 History...35
5 5 EN V1.2.1 ( ) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for members and non-members, and can be found in SR : "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to in respect of standards", which is available from the Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the Web server ( Pursuant to the IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR (or the updates on the Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document has been produced by in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued under the Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulation. The present document is intended to become a Harmonized EMC Standard, the reference of which will be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (the " EMC Directive" 89/336/EEC [3] as amended), and the Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (the "R&TTE Directive" 1999/5/EC [4]). Technical specifications relevant to the EMC Directive and the R&TTE Directive are given in annex A. The present document is based upon the Generic Standards EN [1] and EN [2] and other standards, where appropriate, to meet the essential requirements of Council Directives 89/336/EEC [3], and 1999/5/EC [4] respectively. For radio communications equipment which can be connected to the AC main supply, the requirements of EN [16] and EN [17] apply where appropriate. The present document, and the product related parts of it are based on the current EMC standards published by. It should be noted that the majority of these EMC standards have also been published in the Official Journal of the European Commission. The present document is part 1 of a multipart EN covering the ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services, as identified below: Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part 4: Part 5: Part 6: Part 7: "Common technical requirements"; "Specific conditions for radio paging equipment"; "Specific conditions for Short-Range Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between 9 khz and 40 GHz"; "Specific conditions for fixed radio links and ancillary equipment and services"; "Specific conditions for Private land Mobile Radio (PMR) and ancillary equipment (speech and non-speech)"; "Specific conditions for Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) equipment"; "Specific conditions for mobile and portable radio and ancillary equipment of digital cellular radio telecommunications systems (GSM and DCS)";
6 6 EN V1.2.1 ( ) Part 8: Part 9: Part 10: Part 11: Part 12: Part 13: Part 15: Part 16: Part 17: Part 18: Part 19: Part 20: Part 22: "Specific requirements for GSM base stations"; "Specific conditions for wireless microphones and similar Radio Frequency (RF) audio link equipment"; "Specific conditions for First (CT1 and CT1+) and Second Generation Cordless Telephone (CT2) equipment"; "Specific conditions for FM broadcasting transmitters"; "Specific conditions for Earth Stations operated in the frequency ranges between 4 GHz and 30 GHz in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS)"; "Specific conditions for Citizens' Band (CB) radio and ancillary equipment (speech and non-speech)"; "Specific conditions for commercially available amateur radio equipment"; "Specific conditions for analogue cellular radio communications equipment, mobile and portable"; "Specific requirements for Wideband data and HIPERLAN"; "Specific requirements for Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA)"; "Specific conditions for Receive Only Mobile Earth Stations (ROMES) operating in the 1,5 GHz band providing data communications"; "Specific conditions for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) used in the Mobile Satellite Services (MSS)"; "Specific requirements for VHF aeronautical mobile and fixed radios". National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 14 July 2000 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 October 2000 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 April 2001 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2003 Introduction The present document is part of a set of standards designed to fit in a modular structure to cover all radio and telecommunications terminal equipment under the R&TTE Directive [1]. Each standard is a module in the structure. The modular structure is shown in figure 1.
7 7 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 3.3f 3.3e 3.3d 3.3c 3.3b 3.3a Disability* Emergency* Fraud* Privacy* No harm to the network* Interworking via the network* Interworking with the network * If needed Scoped by equipment class or type 3.2 Spectrum Use of spectrum New radio harmonized standards Scoped by frequency and/or equipment type 3.1b EMC Radio Product EMC Existing EMC standards to be replaced by a new, single, multipart standard Generic and product standards also notified under EMC Directive 3.1a Safety New standards for human exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and, if needed, new standards for acoustic safety Standards also notified under LV Directive Non-radio Radio (RE) TTE Non-TTE Figure 1: Modular structure for the various standards used under the R&TTE Directive [1] The left hand edge of the figure 1 shows the different subclauses of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [1]. For article 3.3 various horizontal boxes are shown. Dotted lines indicate that at the time of publication of this standard essential requirements in these areas have to be adopted by the Commission. If such essential requirements are adopted, and as far and as long as they are applicable, they will justify individual standards whose scope is likely to be specified by function or interface type. The vertical boxes show the standards under article 3.2 for the use of the radio spectrum by radio equipment. The scopes of these standards are specified either by frequency (normally in the case where frequency bands are harmonized) or by radio equipment type.
8 8 EN V1.2.1 ( ) For article 3.1b the diagram shows the new single multipart product EMC standard for radio, and the existing collection of generic and product standards currently used under the EMC Directive [2]. The parts of this new standard will become available in the second half of 2000, and the existing separate product EMC standards will be used until it is available. For article 3.1a the diagram shows the existing safety standards currently used under the LV Directive [3] and new standards covering human exposure to electromagnetic fields. New standards covering acoustic safety may also be required. The bottom of the figure shows the relationship of the standards to radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment. A particular equipment may be radio equipment, telecommunications terminal equipment or both. A radio spectrum standard will apply if it is radio equipment. An article 3.3 standard will apply as well only if the relevant essential requirement under the R&TTE Directive [1] is adopted by the Commission and if the equipment in question is covered by the scope of the corresponding standard. Thus, depending on the nature of the equipment, the essential requirements under the R&TTE Directive [1] may be covered in a set of standards. The modularity principle has been taken because: - it minimizes the number of standards needed. Because equipment may, in fact, have multiple interfaces and functions it is not practicable to produce a single standard for each possible combination of functions that may occur in an equipment; - it provides scope for standards to be added: - under article 3.2 when new frequency bands are agreed; or - under article 3.3 should the Commission take the necessary decisions without requiring alteration of standards that are already published; - it clarifies, simplifies and promotes the usage of Harmonized Standards as the relevant means of conformity assessment. The figure 2 gives an enlargement of the EMC layer which is judged to be appropriate in view of this harmonized standards derivation.
9 9 EN V1.2.1 ( ) Article 3.2 Planned Radio Harmonised Standards Separate ENs scoped for specific products/frequencies Includes: - antenna port (radiation and immunity) eg spurious emissions etc - enclosure or cabinet radiation R&TTE Directive New Radio EMC Harmonised Standard NB: The scope of the product related parts in the new radio EMC harmonised standard may be wider than the scopes of the new radio harmonised standards Part Paging Part Short range device Part Fixed links Clauses 1-7 in old radio product EMC Part n Parts scoped for specific products/frequencies Includes: - Performance criteria - Test conditions incl modulation Article 3.1b EMC Directive Part 1: Common part Phenomena limits Environment classification references to: EN , EN , TR , ISO and ISO Covers all ports EXCEPT: - antenna (radiation and immunity) - enclosure or cabinet (radiation) Amends or replaces measurements in base standards as necessary Clauses 8,9 in old radio product EMC Article 3.1a Safety and health Figure 2: The new radio EMC harmonized standard
10 10 EN V1.2.1 ( ) The current EMC product standards for radio equipment are all structured as follows: Clauses 1 to 6 contain information specific to the type of radio equipment covered by the particular standard: - clause 1, Scope; - clause 2, Normative references; - clause 3, Definitions and abbreviations; - clause 4, Test conditions and configurations; - clause 5, Perfomance assessment; and - clause 6, Performance criteria. Clause 7 contains the applicability overview tables for emission and immunity. Clause 8 contains the emission requirements and clause 9 contains the immunity requirements. The requirements set out in these clauses are however identical for all types of radio equipment. A new structure for these standards has been prepared. This structure is made up in the following way: - the present document (part 1) contains all the common technical requirements for emission and immunity; - separate parts cover product related specific radio equipment test conditions, test arrangements, performance criteria, normal test modulation, etc. Further work may be underway in the development of further parts of the present document for other types of radio communications equipment; - one new clause has been added to each of the specific radio parts of this standard entitled "Special conditions", if appropriate. This subclause contains any deviation from the common requirements set out in the present document. Table 1: Void
11 11 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 1 Scope The present document contains the common requirements for radio communications equipment and associated ancillary equipment, in respect of ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Product dependent arrangements necessary to perform the EMC tests on dedicated types of radio communications equipment, and the assessment of test results, are detailed in the appropriate product related parts of the present document. The present document, together with the product related part, specifies the applicable EMC tests, the methods of measurement, the limits and the performance criteria for radio equipment and associated ancillary equipment. In case of differences (for instance concerning special conditions, definitions, abbreviation) between this part and the relevant product related part of the present document, the product related part takes precedence. Technical specifications related to the antenna port of radio equipment and emissions from the enclosure port of radio equipment and combinations of radio and associated ancillary equipment are not included in the present document. Such technical specifications are normally found in the relevant product standards for the effective use of the radio spectrum. The environment classification used in the present document refers to the environment classification used in: - EN [1] and EN [2] for the residential, commercial and light industrial environment; or - TR [15] for the telecommunication centre environment; or - ISO [13] and ISO [14] for the vehicular environment. The EMC requirements have been selected to ensure an adequate level of compatibility for apparatus intended to be used in the environments mentioned above. The levels, however, do not cover extreme cases which may occur in any location but with low probability of occurrence. The applicable environment(s) shall be declared by the manufacturer and shall be in accordance with the equipment documentation. The present document may not cover those cases where a potential source of interference which is producing individually repeated transient phenomena or a continuous phenomena is permanently present, e.g. a radar or broadcast site in the near vicinity. In such a case it may be necessary to use special protection applied to either the source of interference or the interfered part or both. Compliance of radio equipment to the requirements of the present document does not signify compliance to any requirements related to spectrum management or to the use of the equipment (licensing requirements). Compliance to the requirements of the present document does not signify compliance to any safety requirements. However, it is the responsibility of the assessor of the equipment to record in the test report any observations regarding the test sample becoming dangerous or unsafe as a result of the application of the tests called for in the present document. NOTE: Radio equipment for use in maritime environment are covered by other EMC standards.
12 12 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, subsequent revisions do apply. A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the same number. [1] EN (1992): "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard - Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry". [2] EN (1997): "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic immunity standard - Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry". [3] 89/336/EEC: "Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility". [4] 1999/5/EC: "Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity". [5] EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment". [6] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus". [7] EN : "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test". [8] EN : "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test". [9] EN : "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test". [10] EN : "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity test". [11] EN : "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields". [12] EN : "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests". [13] ISO (1990): "Road vehicles - Electrical disturbance by conduction and coupling - Part 1: Passenger cars and light commercial vehicles with nominal 12 V supply voltage - Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only". [14] ISO (1990): "Road vehicles - Electrical disturbance by conduction and coupling - Part 2: Commercial vehicles with nominal 24 V supply voltage - Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only". [15] TR (1999): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Classification of the electromagnetic environment conditions for equipment in telecommunication networks".
13 13 EN V1.2.1 ( ) [16] EN : "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits - Section 2: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current 16 A per phase)". [17] EN : "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits - Section 3: Limits of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current 16 A per phase". [18] IEC : "International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility". 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: ancillary equipment: equipment (apparatus), used in connection with a receiver or transmitter, is considered as an ancillary equipment (apparatus) if: - the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with a receiver or transmitter to provide additional operational and/or control features to the radio equipment, (e.g. to extend control to another position or location); and - the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis to provide user functions independently of a receiver or transmitter; and - the receiver or transmitter to which it is connected, is capable of providing some intended operation such as transmitting and/or receiving without the ancillary equipment (i.e. it is not a sub-unit of the main equipment essential to the main equipment basic functions). base station equipment: radio and/or ancillary equipment intended for operation at a fixed location and powered directly or indirectly (e.g. via an AC/DC converter or power supply) by the AC mains network, or an extended local DC mains network. continuous phenomena (continuous disturbance): electromagnetic disturbance, the effects of which on a particular device or equipment cannot be resolved into a succession of distinct effects (IEC [18]). enclosure port: physical boundary of the apparatus through which electromagnetic fields may radiate or impinge. In the case of integral antenna equipment, this port is inseparable from the antenna port. integral antenna: antenna which may not be removed during the tests, according to the manufacturer's statement.. manufacturer: manufacturer of the equipment, or his authorized representative, or an equipment supplier to the European market. mobile equipment: receiver, transmitter or transmitter/receiver (transceiver) intended for installation and use in a vehicle, and powered by the main battery of the vehicle. operating frequency range: range(s) of radio frequencies covered by the Equipment Under Test (EUT) without any change of units.
14 14 EN V1.2.1 ( ) port: particular interface, of the specified equipment (apparatus), with the electromagnetic environment. For example, any connection point on an equipment intended for connection of cables to or from that equipment is considered as a port (see figure 3). AC power port DC power port Earth port Enclosure port APPARATUS Antenna port ignal/control port Telecommunication port Figure 3: Examples of ports NOTE: An interface which uses optical fibre is not a port for the purposes of testing because it does not interact with the electromagnetic environment within the frequency range which is applicable for the present document. An optical fibre interface may still be used in the assessment of performance. portable equipment: radio and/or ancillary equipment intended for portable (e.g. handheld) operation, powered by its own integral battery. radio communications equipment: telecommunications equipment which includes one or more radio transmitters and/or receivers and/or parts thereof for use in a fixed, mobile or portable application. It can be operated with ancillary equipment but if so, is not dependent on it for basic functionality. removable antenna: antenna which may be removed for the test according to the manufacturer statement. telecommunication port: ports which are intended to be connected to telecommunication networks (e.g. public switched telecommunication networks, integrated services digital networks), local area networks (e.g. Ethernet, Token Ring) and similar networks (see EN [5]). transient phenomena (transient disturbance): pertaining to or designating a phenomena or a quantity which varies between two consecutive steady states during a time interval short compared with the time-scale of interest (IEC [18]). 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AC AMN DC EM EMC EUT IF RF rms Alternating Current Artificial Mains Network Direct Current ElectroMagnetic ElectroMagnetic Compatibility Equipment Under Test Intermediate Frequency Radio Frequency root mean square
15 15 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 4 Test conditions 4.1 General The equipment shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the relevant product and basic standards or to the information accompanying the equipment, which are within the manufacturers declared range of humidity, temperature and supply voltage. The test conditions shall be recorded in the test report. The test configuration and mode of operation shall represent the intended use and shall be recorded in the test report. For emission and immunity tests, specific product related information on the test modulation, test conditions and tests arrangements, etc., are found in the part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment. 4.2 Arrangements for test signals Adequate measures shall be taken to avoid the effect of immunity test signals on both the measuring equipment and the signal sources for the wanted signals located outside the test environment Arrangements for test signals at the input of transmitters The signal source providing the transmitter under test with the modulation signal for the normal test modulation shall be located outside the test environment, unless the transmitter is modulated by its own internal source, see the relevant part of the present document. The transmitter shall be modulated with normal test modulation, by an internal or external signal source capable of delivering the normal test modulation as specified in the relevant part of the present document Arrangements for test signals at the output of transmitters The measuring equipment for the wanted RF output signal from the transmitter under test shall be located outside the test environment. For transmitters with an integral antenna, the wanted RF output signal to establish a communication link shall be delivered from the EUT to an antenna located within the test environment. This antenna shall be connected to the external measuring equipment by a coaxial cable. For transmitters with a removable antenna, the wanted RF output signal to establish a communication link shall be delivered from the antenna connector to the external measuring equipment by a shielded transmission line, such as a coaxial cable. Adequate measures shall be taken to minimize the effect of unwanted common mode currents on the external conductor of the transmission line at the point of entry to the transmitter. Unless otherwise specified in the relevant part of the present document for the particular type of radio equipment, the level of the wanted RF output signal in transmit mode of operation shall be set to the maximum rated RF power for the EUT, modulated with the normal test modulation Arrangements for test signals at the input of receivers The signal source providing the receiver under test with the wanted RF input signal shall be located outside the test environment. The signal source shall be modulated with normal test modulation as specified in the relevant part of the present document for the particular type of radio equipment. For receivers with an integral antenna, the wanted RF input signal to establish a communication link shall be presented to the EUT from an antenna located within the test environment. This antenna shall be connected to the external RF signal source by a coaxial cable.
16 16 EN V1.2.1 ( ) For receivers with a removable antenna, the wanted RF input signal to establish a communication link shall be presented to the antenna connector of the EUT by a shielded transmission line, such as a coaxial cable. The transmission line shall be connected to the external RF signal source. Adequate measures shall be taken to minimize the effect of unwanted common mode currents on the external conductor of the shielded transmission line at the point of entry to the receiver. Unless otherwise specified in the part of the present document relevant for the particular type of radio equipment, the level of the wanted RF input signal shall be set to be approximately 40 db above the minimum level necessary to achieve a receiver performance which meets the relevant specified performance criteria, measured while the power amplifiers generating the EM disturbance are switched on, but without excitation. This increased level of the wanted RF input signal is expected to represent a normal operation signal level and should be sufficient to avoid the broad band noise from the power amplifiers generating the EM disturbance from influencing the measurement Arrangements for test signals at the output of receivers The measuring equipment for the output signal from the receiver under test shall be located outside the test environment. For receivers with an analogue speech output the audio output from the acoustic transducer should be coupled via an electrically non-conductive acoustic tube to an external audio distortion meter or other appropriate measuring equipment outside of the test environment. Where it is not practical to use an electrically non-conductive acoustic tube, then other means of connecting the receiver output signal to the external audio distortion meter or other measuring equipment shall be provided and recorded in the test report. For receivers with a non-speech output the output signal shall be coupled via an electrically non-conductive means to the external measuring equipment outside the test environment (e.g. a camera to read a display). If the receiver has an output connector or port providing the wanted output signal, then this port shall be used via a cable, consistent with the standard cable used in normal operation, connected to the external measuring equipment outside the test environment. The measuring equipment may be supplied by the manufacturer. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that any effect on the test due to the coupling means is minimized Arrangements for testing transmitter and receiver together (as a system) Transmitters and receivers may be tested for immunity as a system when combined as a transceiver or the combined equipment is of a size which allows simultaneous testing. In this case the transceiver or transmitter and receiver shall be located inside the test environment and shall be exposed simultaneously to the immunity test signals. For transceivers or transmitters and receivers operating at the same frequency, the wanted output signal of the transmitter may be used via a suitable attenuator and applied to the input of the receiver as the wanted input signal. For transceivers or transmitters and receivers operating at different frequencies in duplex mode the arrangements are defined in the product part of the present document relevant for the particular type of radio equipment. 4.3 RF exclusion band of radio communications equipment For the purpose of EMC tests set up in the present document, the radio communications equipment is subject to an exclusion band up to 1 GHz. The RF exclusion band applies to radio equipment with an operating frequency up to 1 GHz, or for equipment operating above 1GHz, but whose RF bandwidth extends to a frequency below 1 GHz. For equipment operating at frequencies above 1 GHz, there is no exclusion band. This exclusion band is always product dependent and defined in the relevant part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment.
17 17 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 4.4 Narrow band responses of receivers or receivers which are part of transceivers Responses on receivers or the receiver part of (duplex) transceivers occurring during the immunity tests at discrete frequencies which are narrow band responses (spurious responses), are identified by the following method: If during the test the immunity RF test signal (subclauses 9.2 and 9.5) causes non-compliance of the receiver with the specified performance criteria (clause 6), it is necessary to establish whether this non compliance is due to a narrow band response or a wideband phenomenon. Therefore, the frequency of the test signal is increased by an amount equal to twice the nominal 6 db bandwidth of the IF filter immediately preceding the demodulator of the receiver, or if appropriate, the bandwidth over which the apparatus is intended to operate, as declared by the manufacturer. The test is repeated with the frequency of the test signal decreased by the same amount. If the receiver is then in either or both frequency offset cases in compliance with the specified performance criteria, the response is considered as a narrow band response. If the receiver still does not comply with the specified performance criteria, this may be due to the fact that the offset has made the frequency of the unwanted signal correspond to the frequency of another narrow band response. Under these circumstances the procedure is repeated with an increase and decrease of the frequency of the test signal adjusted two and a half times the bandwidth referred to above. If the receiver still does not comply with the specified performance criteria in either or both frequency offset cases, the phenomena is considered wide band and therefore an EMC problem and the equipment fails the test. For immunity tests, narrow band responses shall be disregarded. Particular performance criteria typical for the relevant type of EUT and information about any product type dependent nominal frequency offset to be used for the identification of narrowband responses can be found in the part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment. Where no narrow band responses of receivers are permitted, this shall be stated within the part of the present document dealing with particular type of radio equipment. 4.5 Normal test modulation For the purpose of EMC tests, the transmitter under test shall be modulated according to the normal test modulation specified in the relevant part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment. For the purpose of EMC tests, the receiver under test shall be provided with a wanted RF input signal modulated according to the normal test modulation specified in the relevant part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment. 5 Performance assessment 5.1 General The manufacturer shall at the time of submission of the equipment for test, supply the following information to be recorded in the test report: - the primary functions of the radio equipment to be assessed during and after the EMC exposure; - the intended functions of the radio equipment which shall be in accordance with the documentation accompanying the equipment; - the user control functions and stored data that are required for normal operation and the method to be used to assess whether these have been lost after the EMC exposure; - the type of modulation, the characteristics of the transmission used for testing (random bit stream, message format, etc.) and the necessary test equipment delivered to enable the assessment of the EUT;
18 18 EN V1.2.1 ( ) - the ancillary equipment to be combined with the radio equipment for testing (where applicable); - an exhaustive list of ports, with the maximum cable lengths allowed, classified as either power or telecommunication/signal/control. Power ports shall further be classified as AC or DC power; - the bandwidth of the IF filter immediately preceding the demodulator; - the method to be used to verify that a communication link is established and maintained (if appropriate); - the operating frequency bands over which the equipment is intended to operate; - the environment(s) in which the equipment is intended to be used. If additional product related information is required, these can be found in the relevant part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment. 5.2 Equipment which can provide a continuous communication link For radio equipment of non-specialized nature or for radio equipment tested in combination with ancillary equipment, the normal test modulation, test arrangements, etc., shall apply. 5.3 Equipment which does not provide a continuous communication link For radio equipment which does not provide a continuous communication link and/or ancillary equipment intended to be tested on a stand alone basis the manufacturer shall specify the permissible minimum level of performance or degradation of performance during and/or after the EMC exposure. The manufacturer shall furthermore define the test method(s) for the assessment of the actual level of performance or degradation of performance during and/or after the EMC exposure. Under these circumstances the manufacturer shall additionally provide the following information also for inclusion in the test report: - the primary functions of the relevant type of the EUT during and after EMC stress; - the intended functions of the relevant type of the EUT which shall be in accordance with the documentation accompanying the equipment; - suitable pass/fail criteria for the relevant type of the EUT; - the method of monitoring the actual level of performance and/or the actual degradation of performance of the EUT. The assessment of the actual performance or its degradation which is carried out during and/or after the EMC exposure, shall be simple, but at the same time give adequate proof that the primary functions of the equipment are operational. 5.4 Ancillary equipment At the manufacturer's discretion ancillary equipment may be tested and assessed: - applying the provisions of the present document: - separately to the ancillary equipment; or - to the combination of ancillary and radio equipment; - applying another appropriate EMC standard. In each case, compliance enables the ancillary equipment to be used with different receivers, transmitters or transceivers.
19 19 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 5.5 Equipment classification For the purpose of the EMC performance assessment in the present document, the radio equipment and/or associated ancillary equipment under test shall be classified into one of the following three classes: - base station equipment; or - mobile equipment; or - portable equipment. taking into account the definitions in subclause 3.1 of the present document. This classification determines the extend of applicable EMC tests. However, the following instructions shall also apply to multiple use radio and/or ancillary equipment: - portable radio and/or ancillary equipment or combinations thereof declared as capable of being powered for intended use by the main battery of a vehicle shall additionally be considered as mobile equipment; - portable or mobile radio and/or ancillary equipment or combinations thereof declared as capable of being powered for intended use by an AC mains or DC network shall additionally be considered as base station equipment. Subsequently, for multiple use radio and/or ancillary equipment more than one set of equipment test requirements listed in the tables 1 and 2 of clause 7 of the present document has to be taken into account. 6 Performance criteria The performance criteria are used to take a decision on whether a radio equipment passes or fails immunity tests. For the purpose of the present document four categories of performance criteria apply: - performance criteria for continuous phenomena applied to transmitters; - performance criteria for transient phenomena applied to transmitters; - performance criteria for continuous phenomena applied to receivers; - performance criteria for transient phenomena applied to receivers. Normally, the performance criteria depend on the type of radio equipment. Thus, the present document only contains general performance criteria commonly used for the assessment of radio equipment. More specific and product-related performance criteria for a dedicated type of radio equipment may be found in the part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment. 6.1 Performance criteria for continuous phenomena applied to transmitters and receivers If no further details are given in the relevant part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment, the following general performance criteria for continuous phenomena shall apply. During and after the test, the apparatus shall continue to operate as intended. No degradation of performance or loss of function is allowed below a permissible performance level specified by the manufacturer when the apparatus is used as intended. In some cases this permissible performance level may be replaced by a permissible loss of performance. During the test the EUT shall not unintentionally transmit or change its actual operating state and stored data. If the minimum performance level or the permissible performance loss is not specified by the manufacturer, then either of these may be deduced from the product description and documentation and what the user may reasonably expect from the apparatus if used as intended.
20 20 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 6.2 Performance criteria for transient phenomena applied to Transmitters and receivers If no further details are given in the relevant part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment, the following general performance criteria for transient phenomena shall apply. After the test, the apparatus shall continue to operate as intended. No degradation of performance or loss of function is allowed below a permissible performance level specified by the manufacturer, when the apparatus is used as intended. In some cases this permissible performance level may be replaced by a permissible loss of performance. During the EMC exposure to an electromagnetic phenomenon, a degradation of performance is, however, allowed. No change of the actual mode of operation (e.g. unintended transmission) or stored data is allowed. If the minimum performance level or the permissible performance loss is not specified by the manufacturer, then either of these may be deduced from the product description and documentation and what the user may reasonably expect from the apparatus if used as intended. 6.3 Performance criteria for equipment which does not provide a continuous communication link For radio equipment which does not provide a continuous communication link, the performance criteria described in the subclauses above are not appropriate, then the manufacturer shall declare, for inclusion in the test report, his own specification for an acceptable level of performance or degradation of performance during and/or after the immunity tests. The performance specification shall be included in the product description and documentation. The related specifications set out in subclause 5.3 have also to be taken into account. The performance criteria specified by the manufacturer shall give the same degree of immunity protection as called for in the foregoing subclauses. 6.4 Performance criteria for ancillary equipment tested on a stand alone basis If ancillary equipment is intended to be tested on a stand alone basis, the performance criteria described in the subclauses above are not appropriate, then the manufacturer shall declare, for inclusion in the test report, his own specification for an acceptable level of performance or degradation of performance during and/or after the immunity tests. The performance specification shall be included in the product description and documentation. The related specifications set out in subclause 5.3 have also to be taken into account. The performance criteria specified by the manufacturer shall give the same degree of immunity protection as called for in the foregoing subclauses.
21 21 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 7 Applicability overview tables The applicability overview tables below gives a comprehensive overview about all EMC tests specified in the present document for radio and/or associated ancillary equipment. The applicability of EMC tests specified in the present document depends on the actual type of radio and/or associated ancillary equipment under test. All tests are port-related EMC tests. For a certain type of EUT not having a particular type of port or for operational/technical reasons, the related EMC tests do not apply. In these cases, clause 7 of the part of the present document dealing with the particular type of radio equipment provides specifications or restrictions to the applicability of the EMC tests for the actual type of EUT. 7.1 EMC emission Table 2: EMC emission measurements for radio and associated ancillary equipment specified in the present document, overview Phenomenon Application Equipment test requirement Reference Radiated emission Conducted emission Conducted emission Harmonic current emissions Voltage fluctuations and flicker Enclosure of ancillary equipment DC power input/output port AC mains input/output port AC mains input port AC mains input port Radio and ancillary equipment for fixed use (base station equipment) applicable for stand alone testing Radio and ancillary equipment for vehicular use (mobile equipment) applicable for stand alone testing Radio and ancillary equipment for portable use (portable equipment) applicable for stand alone testing subclause in the present document applicable Applicable not applicable 8.3 applicable not applicable not applicable 8.4 applicable not applicable not applicable 8.5 applicable not applicable not applicable
22 22 EN V1.2.1 ( ) 7.2 Immunity Table 3: Immunity tests for radio and associated ancillary equipment specified in the present document, overview Phenomena Application Equipment test requirement Reference RF electromagnetic field (80 MHz to 1000MHz) Electrostatic discharge Fast transients common mode RF common mode 0,15 MHz to 80 MHz Transients and surges Voltage dips and interruptions Surges, line to line and line to ground Radio and ancillary equipment for fixed use (base station equipment) Radio and ancillary equipment for vehicular use (mobile equipment) Radio and ancillary equipment for portable use (portable equipment) subclause in the present document Enclosure applicable applicable applicable 9.2 Enclosure applicable applicable applicable 9.3 Signal, telecommunicati on and control ports, DC and AC power ports Signal, telecommunicati on and control ports, DC and AC power ports DC power input ports AC mains power input ports AC mains power input ports, telecommunicati on ports applicable not applicable not applicable 9.4 applicable applicable not applicable 9.5 not applicable applicable not applicable 9.6 applicable not applicable not applicable 9.7 applicable not applicable not applicable Methods of measurement and limits for EMC emissions 8.1 Test configuration This subclause defines the requirements for test configurations: - measurements shall be made in the operational mode producing the largest emission in the frequency band being investigated consistent with normal applications; - the equipment shall be configured in a manner which is representative for normal/typical operation, where practical; - an attempt shall be made to maximize the detected radiated emission, e.g. by moving the cables of the equipment;