Source: http://www.scribd.com/doc/97319687/Property-Memaid
Timestamp: 2014-12-27 07:43:26
Document Index: 736388912

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 414', 'Art. 415', 'Art. 415', 'Art. 415', 'Art. 415', 'Art. 415', 'Art. 4152', 'Art. 420']

P. 1Property MemaidProperty MemaidRatings: (0)|Views: 1,122
|Likes: 15Published by Deus DulayMore info:Categories:Types, Business/LawPublished by: Deus Dulay on Jun 17, 2012Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttps://www.scribd.com/doc/97319687/Property-Memaid06/26/2014pdftextoriginal 42 |2009 CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS
- All things which are, or may be, theobject of appropriation
(Art. 414, NCC)
Thing and Property Distinguished
THINGPROPERTYincludes bothappropriable and non-appropriable objectsthings which aresusceptible of appropriation andwhich are alreadypossessed and foundin the possession of manNote: Strictly speaking, “thing” is NOT synonymouswith “property”. HOWEVER, the New Civil Codeuses these terms interchangeably.
Requisites/Characteristics: (USA)
tility – ability to serve as a means to satisfyhuman needs
ubstantivity or individuality – separate andautonomous existence
ppropriability – even if not yet actuallyappropriated
(Reyes-Puno, p.1)
CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTYKinds of Properties:
Immovable or real
Movable or personal
(Arts. 416, 417)
The human body, whether alive or dead, isneither real nor personal property, for it is noteven property at all, in that it generally cannotbe appropriated. Under certain conditions, thebody of a person or parts thereof may be thesubject matter of a transaction
(See RA No.349, RA No. 7170, RA No. 7719).
Parties to a contract may treat as personalproperty that which by nature is real property;and it is a familiar phenomenon to see thingsclassed as real property for purposes of taxation which on general principle might beconsidered personal property
(Standard Oil Co. vs. Jaranillo GR No. 20329, March 16,1923).
IMMOVABLE PROPERTIESCategories: (NIDA)
ature – it cannot be carried fromplace to place
(pars. 1 & 8, Art. 415)
ncorporation – attached to animmovable in a fixed manner to be an integralpart thereof (pars. 1–3 Art. 415)
estination – placed in an immovablefor the utility it gives to the activity carriedthereon
(pars. 4–7 and 9 Art. 415)
nalogy – it is so classified by expressprovision of law
(par. 10, Art. 415)
Types of Immovable Properties
1.Land, buildings, roads and constructionsof all kinds adhered to the soil
Where a building is sold to be demolishedimmediately, it is to be regarded asmovable because the subject matter of thecontract is really the materials thereof.
Buildings are immovables byincorporation. Hence, their adherence tothe land must be permanent and
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substantial. Portable structures are notimmovables.
A building is an immovable even if noterected by the owner of the land. The onlycriterion is union or incorporation with thesoil.
(Ladera vs. Hodges CA-GR No.8027-R, September 23, 1952).
A building is real property thus, its sale asannotated in the Chattel MortgageRegistry cannot be given the legal effectof registration in the Registry of RealProperty
(Leung Yee vs. Strong Machinery Co. GR No. L-11658 February 15, 1918).
2.Trees, plants, and growing fruits
When trees are cut or uprooted,incorporation ceases and they becomemovables; timber is still integral part of animmovable property when it constitutes thenatural product of the latter.
For purposes of attachment, execution,and the Chattel Mortgage Law, growingcrops have the nature of personal property
(Sibal vs. Valdez GR No. L-27352, August 4, 1927).
3.Everything attached to an immovable in afixed manner •
The attachment need not be made by theowner.
The breakage or injury, in case of separation, must be substantial.
The fact that the machineries were boltedor cemented on real property mortgageddoes not make them ipso facto immovableunder Art. 415 (3) and (5) as the partiesintent has to be looked into. Even if theproperties appear to be immovable bynature, nothing prohibits the parties fromtreating them as chattels to secure anobligation under the principle of estoppel
(Tsai vs. CA, GR No. 120098, October 2,2001).
4.Statues, reliefs, paintings, or other objectsfor use or ornamentationRequisites:
a.Placed by the owner or by a tenant asagent of the owner b.With the intention of attaching thempermanently, even if adherence will notinvolve breakage or injury
5.Machinery, receptacles, instruments, or implements for an industry or worksRequisites:
a.The machinery, etc. must be placed by theowner of the tenement or his agentb.The industry or works must be carried onin a building or on a piece of landc.The machinery, etc. must tend directly tomeet the needs of the said industry or works
Movable equipments, to be immobilized incontemplation of law, must be essential andprincipal elements of an industry or works
(Mindanao Bus Co. vs. City Assessor and Treasurer GR No. L-17870, September 29,1962).
Machinery, movable in nature, becomesimmobilized when placed on a plant by theowner of the property but not so when placedby a tenant, usufructuary or a person havingonly a temporary right unless such personacted as agent of the owner (Davao Sawmill Co. vs. Castillo GR No. 40411, August 7,1935).
There are 2 views on the effect of the temporaryseparation of movables from the immovables towhich they are attached:a.They continue to be regarded asimmovables.
Fact of separation determines thecondition of the object
(supported by Paras and Tolentino)
If the machine is still in the building, but is nolonger used in the industry, the machinereverts to the condition of a chattel. On theother hand, if still needed for the industry, butseparated from the tenement temporarily, theproperty continues to be an immovable
(Paras, p.20).
6.Animal houses, pigeon houses, beehives,fish ponds, etc.Requisites:
a.Placed by the owner, or by a tenant asagent of the owner, with the intention of permanent attachmentb.Forms a permanent part of the immovable
7.Fertilizer •
“Actually used” means that it has beenspread over the land.
8.Mines, quarries and slag dumps
They are considered as realty only if thematter remains unsevered from the soil.Once severed, they become personalty.
9.Docks and Structures
Vessels are considered personal propertyunder the Civil Law as well as under thecommon law, although occasionallyreferred to as a peculiar kind of personalproperty.
(Phil. Refining Co., Inc. vs. JarqueGR No. 41506, March 25, 1935).
10.Contracts for Public works, and servitudesand other real rights
A personal right is always regarded aspersonal property. The exception is in thecase of contracts for public works whichare considered as real property.
MOVABLE PROPERTIESTests:
1.By exclusion: all not included in Art. 4152.By description: an object is movable if:a.It can be transported from place toplace;b.Without substantial injury to theimmovable to which it is attached.3.Real Property considered as personal propertyby special provision of law.
Kinds of Movable Properties (ASFTOS):
Those movables susceptible of a
which are not included in the preceding article
Real property which by any
pecial provisionof law is considered personalty
orces of nature which are brought under control by science
In general, all things which can be
ransportedfrom place to place without impairment of thereal property to which they are fixed
bligations and actions which have for their object movables or demandable sums
hares of agricultural, commercial andindustrial entities, although they may have realestate
Classifications of Movables:
1.By Nature:
- cannot be usedaccording to its nature without it beingconsumed.
- any other kindof movable property
2.By Intention:
- replaceable by anequal quality and quantity, either by natureof things or agreement.
- irreplaceablebecause identical objects must bereturned.Note: The New Civil Code, in many instances,uses the terms
PROPERTY IN RELATION TO WHOM ITBELONGS
(Arts. 419–425)
Property is either of:
1.public dominion2.private ownership
I.Property of Public Dominion
It does not import the idea of ownership.It is not owned by the state but simply under its jurisdiction and administration for the collectiveenjoyment of people. The ownership of suchproperties is in the social group, whether national,provincial or municipal.
To serve the citizens and not the stateas a juridical person.
– may be used by anybody
– may be used only byauthorized persons3.
For the development of national wealth
The charging of fees to the public does notdetermine the character of the property,whether it is of public dominion or not. Art. 420defines property of public dominion as one“intended for public use”. Even if thegovernment collects toll fees, the road is still“intended for public use” if anyone can use itunder the same terms and conditions as therest of the public (
MIIA vs. CA, GR No.155650, July 20, 2006 ).
(OI-PAE)
utside the commerce of man
nalienable, but when it is no longer needed for public use or service, it may be declaredpatrimonial property.
Cannot be acquired by
ttachment or execution
Cannot be burdened with
asementsNote: They CANNOT be registered under the landregistration law and be the subject of a Torrenstitle. The character of public property is notaffected by possession or even a Torrens Title infavor of private persons
(Palanca vs.Commonwealth, GR No. 46373, Jan. 29, 1940).
As property of public dominion, the Roppongilot is outside the commerce of man. The factthat it has not been used for a long time doesnot automatically convert it to patrimonialproperty. The conversion happens only if theabandonment is definite and upon a formal
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