Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7608147?dq=U.S.+Patent+No.+4,528,643)
Timestamp: 2016-05-27 18:58:59
Document Index: 249683589

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 1', 'Application No. 200480015494', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2']

Patent US7608147 - Precisely positioned nanowhiskers and nanowhisker arrays and method for ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA nanoengineered structure comprising an array of more than about 1000 nanowhiskers on a substrate in a predetermined spatial configuration, for use for example as a photonic band gap array, wherein each nanowhisker is sited within a distance from a predetermined site not greater than about 20% of its...http://www.google.com/patents/US7608147?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7608147 - Precisely positioned nanowhiskers and nanowhisker arrays and method for preparing themAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7608147 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/751,944Publication dateOct 27, 2009Priority dateApr 4, 2003Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2522358A1, CN1829654A, CN1829654B, EP1613549A1, EP1613549B1, US8790462, US20050011431, US20100035412, WO2004087564A1Publication number10751944, 751944, US 7608147 B2, US 7608147B2, US-B2-7608147, US7608147 B2, US7608147B2InventorsLars Ivar Samuelson, Bjorn Jonas Ohlsson, Thomas M. I. MartenssonOriginal AssigneeQunano AbExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (33), Non-Patent Citations (100), Referenced by (14), Classifications (24), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPrecisely positioned nanowhiskers and nanowhisker arrays and method for preparing them
FIG. 10 shows SEMs of a fifth example of the invention. FIG. 10 a: InAs (80) with a 45 nm Au—In—Au sandwich. Heated to 450� for 20 min. Original metal disk size was 540 nm. FIG. 10 b: Same as the left sample but with pure gold;
FIG. 11 shows SEMs of a sixth example of the invention. FIG. 11 a: GaAs (91)B with a 45 nm Au—In-larger Au sandwich. Heated to 450� for 15 min. FIG. 11 b: Close-up of one of the larger features. Original disk diameter 2 μm, meaning a shape of d=48t;
The lithographic method provides considerable freedom in design and a number of different patterns for various applications can be envisioned. Two structures with different wire densities and different wire diameters are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 forming a first embodiment of the invention. In FIG. 3, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a high-density array is presented. This 8�8 μm2 array consists of hexagonal unit cells with a nearest neighbour distance of 250 nm. The catalysing particles consisted of gold discs with a diameter of 45 nm and a thickness of 17 nm. The importance of the thickness-to-diameter ratio will be discussed below. After growth, the resulting wires had a length of approximately 3 μm and a top diameter of 50 nm, while the base diameter (measured where the actual wire starts, just above the heavy ‘foot’) was larger, about 110 nm. The inset shows the shape of individual wires.
At 451� C. with 38.4% In, for an Au—In mixture, there is a eutectic point. This composition was evaporated onto a sample in a 45 nm thick film. Au and In cannot be evaporated together at the same time, so a Au—In—Au sandwich was used with a thickness of ˜14:17:14 nm respectively. A sample with pure gold was also fabricated for comparison. The samples were then heated at 455� for 20 minutes and the result can be seen in FIGS. 10 a and 10 b. FIG. 10 a shows the sample with the Au—In—Au sandwich whereas FIG. 10 b shows the sample with pure Au. The sample with In forms a droplet on the surface seemingly without having to incorporate a lot of In from the substrate. In the case of pure gold a lot of In has to be incorporated and the droplet digs its way down into the substrate. Thus it does not form a droplet on the surface but the top of the droplet is almost levelled with the surface. The droplets follow the crystal symmetries. The square, and sometimes rectangular, shape can be understood from the rectangular structure of the (100) surface. As a rule of thumb the smaller the feature sizes the more they tend to follow the crystal symmetry. The largest structures remained quite rounded whereas the smallest were almost entirely rectangular. Although the result was better for the sample with the mix of Au and In, the sample with pure Au also shows a very good result considering positioning. This means that either InAs is a better-suited material than GaAs or that the (100) surface is more suitable than the (111) surface considering positioning.
Au—In—Au Sandwich on GaAs (111)B
A sandwich of Au—In—Au on a GaAs substrate was employed. A GaAs (111) substrate is used since preferential growth direction for the whiskers in this system is (111). The sample above was evaporated with a 45 nm thick metal film comprising 14 nm Au: 17 nm In: 14 nm Au. The sample was then heated to 450� for 15 minutes. FIGS. 11 a and 11 b show satisfactory positioning of the catalytic particles. In this embodiment the In may the droplet, preventing it from absorbing a large amount of Ga from the substrate. The temperature, ˜450�, is well within the temperature range suitable for growth of InAs whiskers which are usually grown between 410 and 460� in our system.
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