Source: http://library.kiwix.org/wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2018-09/A/Paragraph_175.html
Timestamp: 2019-10-14 07:51:54
Document Index: 304411415

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 175', '§ 151', '§ 175', '§ 175', '§ 175', '§ 182', '§ 182']

However, this partial success – which the WhK characterized as "one step forward and two steps back"[21] – came to nought. In March 1930, the Inter-Parliamentary Committee for the Coordination of Criminal Law Between Germany and Austria, by a vote of 23 to 21, placed back Paragraph 296 in the reform package. But the latter was never passed, because during the last years of the Weimar Republic, the years of the Präsidialkabinette, the parliamentary legislative process generally ground to a halt.[20][21]
In 1986 the Green Party and the first openly gay member of the German parliament tried to remove Paragraph 175 together with Paragraph 182. This would have meant a general age of consent of 14 years.[38] This was opposed by the CDU, SPD, and FDP, and Paragraph 175 remained a part of German law for eight more years.
↑ For this expression ("disgraceful paragraph") see, among others, Kurt Tucholsky, "Röhm", in The Weimar Republic Sourcebook University of California Press, 1994, ISBN 0-520-06775-4, p. 714: "We oppose the disgraceful paragraph 175 wherever we can; therefore, we may not join voices with the chorus that would condemn a man because he is a homosexual." The essay was originally published (in German) in Die Weltbühne, No. 17 (April 26, 1932) 641.
1 2 3 4 E. Mancini (2010). Magnus Hirschfeld and the Quest for Sexual Freedom. ISBN 0230114393.
↑ Marti M. Lybeck (2014). Desiring Emancipation: New Women and Homosexuality in Germany, 1890–1933. pp. 110–115. ISBN 1438452217.
1 2 3 Clayton J. Whisnant (2012). Male Homosexuality in West Germany: Between Persecution and Freedom, 1945-69. p. 29.
1 2 3 4 5 "Statistisches Reichsamt", Jürgen Baumann: Paragraph 175, Luchterhand, Darmstadt 1968, collected in: Hans-Georg Stümke, Rudi Finkler: Rosa Winkel, rosa Listen, Rowohlt TB-V., Juli 1985, ISBN 3-499-14827-7, S. 262.
1 2 Mark Blasius, Shane Phelan (1997). We are Everywhere: A Historical Sourcebook of Gay and Lesbian Politics. p. 134. ISBN 0415908590.
↑ Pink triangle: Even after World War II, gay victims of Nazis continued to be persecuted
1 2 3 Tipton, Frank B. (2003). A History of Modern Germany Since 1815. University of California Press. p. 584. ISBN 978-0-520-24049-0.
↑ "Straff der vnkeusch, so wider die Natur beschicht. cxvj. ITem so eyn mensch mit eynem vihe, mann mit mann, weib mit weib, vnkeusch treiben, die haben auch das leben verwürckt, vnd man soll sie der gemeynen gewonheyt nach mit dem fewer vom leben zum todt richten." - Die Peinliche Gerichtsordnung Kaiser Karls V (Carolina), ed. and comm. by Friedrich-Christian Schroeder (Suttgart: Reclam, 2000).
↑ Hans Göran Franck, Klas Nyman (2003). The Barbaric Punishment: Abolishing the Death Penalty. p. 49. ISBN 904112151X.
↑ 1794, Allgemeines Landrecht of Prussia
↑ Jeffrey Merrick, Bryant T. Ragan (1996). Homosexuality in Modern France. p. 82. ISBN 0195093038.
↑ Clara Tschudi (2015). Ludwig II King of Bavaria. p. 217. ISBN 1329073738.
1 2 Jens Dobler (2014). Wie öffentliche Moral gemacht wird: Die Einführung des § 175 in das Strafgesetzbuch 1871 (in German). ISBN 3863001869.
↑ 1872, Imperial Penal Code of Prussia
1 2 John Lauritsen; David Thorstad (1974), The Early Homosexual Rights Movement (1864–1935), New York: Times Change Press, ISBN 0-87810-027-X . Revised edition published 1995, ISBN 0-87810-041-5.
↑ Stümke, Hans-Georg (1989). Homosexuelle in Deutschland : Eine politische Geschichte. München. p. 50. ISBN 3-406-33130-0.
1 2 3 Stümke 1989, p. 65
1 2 3 Renate Loos; Horst Lademacher; Simon Groenveld (2015). Ablehnung – Duldung – Anerkennung. pp. 697–702. ISBN 3830961618.
1 2 Laurie Marhoefer (2015). Sex and the Weimar Republic. pp. 121–122. ISBN 1442626577.
↑ [The quotations are from German case law, RGSt 73, 78, 80 f.]
1 2 Clayton Whisnant (2016). Queer Identities and Politics in Germany. p. 215. ISBN 1939594103.
↑ Georg Geismann (1974). Ethik und Herrschaftsordnung: ein Beitrag zum Problem der Legitimation. p. 77. ISBN 3165358516.
↑ Andreas Pretzel: "Als Homosexueller in Erscheinung getreten." ("Going into combat as a homosexual") In Kulturring in Berlin e. V. (Hrsg.): "Wegen der zu erwartenden hohen Strafe" : Homosexuellenverfolgung in Berlin 1933 – 1945. (Because of the Severe Punishment that Can Be Expected: The pursuit of homosexuals in Berlin 1933 – 1945) Berlin 2000. ISBN 3-86149-095-1, p. 23
↑ Angelika von Wahl: How Sexuality Changes Agency: Gay Men, Jews, and Transitional Justice. In: Susanne Buckley-Zistel, Ruth Stanley (Editors): Gender in Transitional Justice (Governance and Limited Statehood). Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, p. 205.
1 2 3 Andreas Pretzel (2002). NS-Opfer unter Vorbehalt: homosexuelle Männer in Berlin nach 1945 (in German). p. 191. ISBN 3825863905.
↑ Wilfried Bergholz (2016). Die letzte Fahrt mit dem Fahrrad: 19 Gespräche mit Matteo über Mut, Glück und Aufbegehren in der DDR. ISBN 3734525055.
↑ 1968, Basic Law of the GDR, § 151 StGB-DDR
↑ Christian Schäfer: "Widernatürliche Unzucht" (2006), S. 253 (, p. 253, at Google Books)
↑ Rainer Hoffschildt: "140.000 Verurteilungen nach '§ 175'," in Invertito 4 (2002), ISBN 3-935596-14-6, pp. 140–149.
↑ "damit sollte nicht ausgeschlossen sein, daß diese ihrerseits zu der Auffassung kamen, gewisse Vorschriften seien so stark von nationalsozialistischem Geist geprägt, daß sie mit dem Rechtssystem eines demokratischen Staates unvereinbar und daher nicht mehr anzuwenden seien." BVerfGE 6, 389 - Homosexuelle, on SchwulenCity.de. Accessed 3 September 2006.
1 2 3 4 5 Moeller, Robert G. (Fall 2010). "Private Acts, Public Anxieties, and the Fight to Decriminalize Male Homosexuality in West Germany". Feminist Studies. 36 (3): 528–552. JSTOR 27919120.
↑ Elmar Kraushaar: Unzucht vor Gericht: "Die 'Frankfurter Prozesse' und die Kontinuität des § 175 in den fünfziger Jahren." ("The 'Frankfurt Trials' and the continuity of § 175 in the Fifties") In Elmar Kraushaar (ed.): Hundert Jahre schwul: Eine Revue. (One Hundred years of Homosexuality: a revue) Berlin 1997. S. 60–69. ISBN 3-87134-307-2, p. 62
↑ Stümke 1989: p. 183
↑ Zowie Davy; Julia Downes; Lena Eckert (2002). Bound and Unbound: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Genders and Sexualities. pp. 141–142. ISBN 1443810851.
↑ Klaus Laubenthal (2012). Handbuch Sexualstraftaten: Die Delikte gegen die sexuelle Selbstbestimmung. ISBN 3642255566.
↑ "Lebensbund besiegelt" (in German). 4 February 1991. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
↑ See Ages of consent in Europe#Germany
↑ See German-language article § 182 StGB
↑ Thomas Stephan (2002). Sexueller Mißbrauch von Jugendlichen: (§ 182 StGB). p. 134. ISBN 3828884334.
↑ (in German) Entwurf des Änderungsgesetzes zum NS-Aufhebungsgesetz - Bundestagdrucksache 14/8276 (archived)
↑ (in German) Stenographic report of the Bundestag, 14th legislative period, 237th sitting (2002-05-17), page 23741 (C)
1 2 Kate Connelly (12 May 2016). "Germany to quash historical convictions of gay men". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
↑ "Germany to pay convicted gays 30 million euros - media". Deutsche Welle. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
1 2 3 4 "Verurteilte Homosexuelle sollen Entschädigung erhalten" (in German). Die Zeit. 21 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
↑ Guardian: Germany to quash convictions of 50,000 gay men under Nazi-era law, June 22, 2017.