Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8085814?dq=5,987,610
Timestamp: 2016-07-24 13:22:30
Document Index: 106937257

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 10200', 'Application No. 10158841', 'Application No. 10161508', 'Application No. 10161516', 'Application No. 10183133', 'Application No. 10183138', 'Application No. 10183138', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 2008', 'Application No. 201010245382']

Patent US8085814 - Frame structure, system and method for OFDM communications - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA method and apparatus are provided for performing acquisition, synchronization and cell selection within an MIMO-OFDM communication system. A coarse synchronization is performed to determine a searching window. A fine synchronization is then performed by measuring correlations between subsets of signal...http://www.google.com/patents/US8085814?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8085814 - Frame structure, system and method for OFDM communicationsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8085814 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/529,223Publication dateDec 27, 2011Priority dateOct 17, 2001Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN1736052A, CN1736052B, CN101917264A, CN101917264B, CN101917265A, CN101917265B, CN101917377A, CN101917377B, DE60239213D1, EP1438799A2, EP1438799B1, EP2202907A1, EP2207297A1, EP2211516A1, EP2267959A2, EP2267959A3, EP2267960A2, EP2267960A3, EP2267961A2, EP2267961A3, EP2267962A2, EP2267962A3, US7548506, US7912012, US8018975, US8213292, US8441918, US8830816, US9172571, US20030072255, US20070025236, US20070064586, US20070066362, US20090060076, US20120027136, US20120243626, US20120250787, US20130301400, US20140036823, US20160013925, WO2003034642A2, WO2003034642A3, WO2003034642B1Publication number11529223, 529223, US 8085814 B2, US 8085814B2, US-B2-8085814, US8085814 B2, US8085814B2InventorsJianglei Ma, Ming Jia, Peiying Zhu, Wen TongOriginal AssigneeNortel Networks LimitedExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (58), Non-Patent Citations (40), Referenced by (8), Classifications (39), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetFrame structure, system and method for OFDM communications
US 8085814 B2Abstract
a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) components each receiving demultiplexed data from the demultiplexer;
a plurality of antennas, each antenna connected to a respective OFDM component of the plurality of OFDM components;
the transmitter adapted to transmit a packet data frame structure comprising:
a superframe having a length corresponding to a synchronization period of a network;
the superframe containing a plurality of radio frames;
each radio frame containing a plurality of TPS (transmission parameter signalling) frames corresponding to an adaptive coding and modulation period;
each TPS frame containing a plurality of slots corresponding to an air interface slot size;
each slot containing a plurality of OFDM symbols
wherein the transmitter is adapted to transmit in a plurality of different modes by transmitting a different number of OFDM symbols per slot with an unchanged slot duration and with no change to the frame structure above the slot.
2. A transmitter according to claim 1 wherein modes with an increased number of OFDM symbols per slot are realized by shortening OFDM symbol duration, and shortening FFT size used for constructing the OFDM symbols, but not changing sampling frequency.
3. A transmitter according to claim 1 adapted to transmit to a respective set of users for each TPS frame and to signal for each TPS frame which users should demodulate the entire TPS frame.
4. A receiver adapted to receive and process OFDM frames transmitted by the transmitter of claim 1.
5. A transmitter according to claim 1 wherein the first two symbols of the first slot of the first TPS frame of each OFDM frame are used as header OFDM symbols.
6. A transmitter according to claim 5 wherein the header OFDM symbols have a header OFDM symbol format in which sub-carriers of a header OFDM symbol are divided into a non-contiguous set of sub-carriers for each of the plurality of antennas, with each antenna transmitting the header OFDM symbol only on the respective set of sub-carriers.
7. A transmitter according to claim 5 wherein the header OFDM symbols contain multiplexed pilot channel sub-carriers and common synchronization channel sub-carriers for each of the plurality of antennas.
8. A transmitter according to claim 5 wherein the header OFDM symbols further contain multiplexed broadcasting channel sub-carriers for each of the plurality of antennas.
9. The transmitter of claim 1 adapted to transmit using:
a first mode of operation in which OFDM symbols are constructed from N time domain samples;
a second mode of operation in which OFDM symbols are constructed from N/2 time domain samples.
10. The transmitter of claim 9 adapted to perform switching between the first and second mode subject to a frame size constraint.
11. The transmitter of claim 9 further adapted to, for each first mode OFDM symbol, transmit an M sample prefix, and for each second mode OFDM symbol, transmit an M/2 sample prefix.
12. The transmitter of claim 11 wherein N=1024 and M=32.
13. The transmitter of claim 9 wherein a sampling rate for the first mode of operation is equal to a sampling rate for the second mode of operation such that OFDM symbols in the second mode are twice as long as OFDM symbols in the first mode of operation.
14. The transmitter of claim 1 adapted to transmit using:
a first mode of operation in which OFDM symbols are constructed using a first FFT size;
a second mode of operation in which OFDM symbols are constructed using a second FFT size.
15. The transmitter of claim 14 wherein an increased number of OFDM symbols per slot are realized by shortening OFDM symbol duration for the second OFDM mode by setting the second FFT size smaller than the first FFT size, but not changing sampling frequency.
16. The transmitter of claim 14 further comprising a prefix inserter that inserts a prefix before each symbol, the prefixes for the first mode of operation having a first number of samples, and the prefixes for the second mode of operation having a second number of samples, with a ratio of the first number of samples to the first FFT size being equal to a ratio of the second number of samples to the second FFT size.
17. The transmitter of claim 1 comprising:
a first FFT element that has a first FFT size and generates first OFDM symbols with a first duration, each first OFDM symbol having a respective first cyclic prefix;
a second FFT element that has a second FFT size that is smaller than the first FFT size that generates second OFDM symbols with a second duration that is shorter than the first duration, each second OFDM symbol having a respective second cyclic prefix, a duration of each second cyclic prefix being shorter than a duration of each first cyclic prefix;
the transmitter being adapted to transmit a series of slots with fixed duration, the slots containing first OFDM symbols and second OFDM symbols.
18. A method for transmitting in an OFDM transmitter comprising a plurality of antennas, the method comprising:
transmitting a packet data frame structure comprising:
each slot containing a plurality of OFDM symbols,
wherein transmitting the packet data frame structure further comprises transmitting in a plurality of different modes by transmitting a different number of OFDM symbols per slot with an unchanged slot duration and with no change to the frame structure above the slot.
19. The method according to claim 18 further comprising using the first two symbols of the first slot of the first TPS frame of each OFDM frame as header OFDM symbols.
dividing sub-carriers of a header OFDM symbol into a non-contiguous set of sub-carriers for each of the plurality of antennas; and
each antenna transmitting the header OFDM symbol only on the respective set of sub-carriers.
21. The method according to claim 19 further comprising multiplexing pilot channel sub-carriers and common synchronization channel sub-carriers in the header OFDM symbols for each of the plurality of antennas.
22. The method according to claim 19 further comprising multiplexing broadcasting channel sub-carriers in the header OFDM symbols for each of the plurality of antennas.
23. The method according to claim 18 further comprising shortening OFDM symbol duration and FFT size used for constructing the OFDM symbols, but not changing sampling frequency, to realize modes with an increased number of OFDM symbols per slot.
24. The method according to claim 18, wherein transmitting comprises transmitting to a respective set of users and signalling for each TPS frame which users should demodulate the entire TPS frame.
in a first mode of operation constructing OFDM symbols from N time domain samples;
in a second mode of operation constructing OFDM symbols from N/2 time domain samples.
26. The method according to claim 25 further comprising switching between the first and second mode subject to a frame size constraint.
for each first mode OFDM symbol, transmitting an M sample prefix; and
for each second mode OFDM symbol, transmitting an M/2 sample prefix.
28. The method according to claim 27 wherein N=1024 and M=32.
29. The method according to claim 25 comprising using a sampling rate for the first mode of operation is that is equal to a sampling rate for the second mode of operation such that OFDM symbols in the second mode are twice as long as OFDM symbols in the first mode of operation.
30. The method according to claim 18 comprising:
in a first mode of operation constructing OFDM symbols using a first FFT size;
in a second mode of operation constructing OFDM symbols using a second FFT size.
31. The method according to claim 30 further comprising shortening OFDM symbol duration for the second OFDM mode to realize an increased number of OFDM symbols per slot by setting the second FFT size smaller than the first FFT size, but not changing sampling frequency.
inserting a prefix before each symbol, the prefixes for the first mode of operation having a first number of samples, and the prefixes for the second mode of operation having a second number of samples, with a ratio of the first number of samples to the first FFT size being equal to a ratio of the second number of samples to the second FFT size.
33. The method of claim 18 comprising:
generating first OFDM symbols with a first duration, each first OFDM symbol having a respective first cyclic prefix;
generating second OFDM symbols with a second duration that is shorter than the first duration, using an FFT size that is smaller than an FFT size used to generate the first OFDM symbols, each second OFDM symbol having a respective second cyclic prefix, a duration of each second cyclic prefix being shorter than a duration of each first cyclic prefix;
transmitting a series of slots with fixed duration, the slots containing first OFDM symbols and second OFDM symbols.
i) for each receive antenna positioning an FFT window to the candidate fine synchronization position and converting by FFT the time domain samples into a respective set of frequency domain components; ii) for each said at least one transmit antenna, extracting a respective received training sequence corresponding to the transmit antenna from the sets of frequency domain components; iii) for each transmit antenna, calculating a correlation between each respective received training sequence and a respective known transmit training sequence; iv) combining the correlations for the at least one transmit antennas to produce an overall correlation result for each candidate synchronization position; b) determining a fine synchronization position from the plurality of correlation values; combining the fine synchronization positions from the at least one receive antenna in an overall fine synchronization position.
a) calculating a plurality of correlation values, each correlation value being a correlation calculated between a first set of time domain samples received during a first period having one OFDM symbol duration and a second set of time domain samples received during a second period immediately following the first period and having OFDM symbol duration, for each of a plurality of starting times for said first period; b) identifying the course synchronization position to be a maximum in said plurality of correlation values. In some embodiments, combining the correlations for the at least one transmit antennas to produce an overall correlation result for each candidate synchronization position comprises multiplying together the correlations for the at least one transmit antenna for each candidate synchronization position.
i) for each receive antenna position an FFT window to the candidate fine synchronization position and convert by FFT the time domain samples into a respective set of frequency domain components; ii) for each said at least one transmit antenna, extract a respective received training sequence corresponding to the transmit antenna from the sets of frequency domain components; iii) for each transmit antenna, calculate a correlation between each respective received training sequence and a respective known transmit training sequence; iv) combine the correlations for the at least one transmit antennas to produce an overall correlation result for each candidate synchronization position; b) determine a fine synchronization position from the plurality of correlation values; the receiver being further adapted to combine the fine synchronization positions from the at least one receive antenna in an overall fine synchronization position.
a) performing a frequency domain correlation between at least one received common synchronization sequence extracted from common synchronization channel sub-carriers in the received signal and a corresponding common synchronization sequence of a respective plurality of transmit antennas to identify a plurality of candidate correlation peaks; b) selecting the M strongest correlation peaks for further processing; c) at each correlation peak, reconverting time domain samples into frequency domain components and processing pilot channel sub-carriers, these containing transmitter specific information, to identify a transmitter associated with each correlation peak; d) determining a C/I or similar value for each transmitter thus identified; selecting the transmitter having the largest C/I determined for any of the at least one receive antenna.
i) for each receive antenna positioning an FFT window to the candidate fine synchronization position and converting by FFT the time domain samples into a respective set of frequency domain components; ii) for each of at least one common synchronization sequence, each common synchronization sequence having been transmitted by a transmit antenna of each of at least one transmitter, extracting a respective received training sequence corresponding to the transmit antennas from the sets of frequency domain components; iii) for each of the at least one common synchronization sequence, calculating a correlation between each respective received common synchronization sequence and a respective known common synchronization sequence; iv) combining the correlations to produce an overall correlation result for each candidate synchronization position; b) determining at least one peak in the correlations, each said at least one peak being local maxima in the correlations. In some embodiments, the method further involves reconverting time domain samples into frequency domain components based on the fine synchronization position of the selected transmitter and performing a further fine synchronization based on a dedicated pilot channel for that transmitter.
Referring again to FIG. 2B, it is noted that for non-header OFDM symbols, i.e. for the regular OFDM symbols 510, every OFDM symbol preferably also has a prefix. In “1K” mode, there are 32 prefix samples, and 1024 actual samples representing the FFT size, for a total of 1056 samples per symbol. In �K mode, there is a 16 sample prefix, and then 512 samples per symbol (representing the FFT size) for a total of 528 samples/symbol. Advantageously, using the frame structure of FIG. 2B these different modes can be supported without changing the sampling frequency. When in �K mode, there are twice as many OFDM symbols 510 per slot 506. The particular mode chosen at a given instant should be such that the prefix size is greater than the maximum channel delay in 1/K mode, more OFDM symbols are sent with fewer sub-carriers. This is more robust to high Doppler, because the symbol duration is shorter. Also, the spacing between the sub-carriers is larger further enhancing tolerance to Doppler. Thus, there is a unified frame structure which accommodates different FFT sizes, but with the same sampling rate a the receiver. Preferably the same preamble is used even for the different modes.
n coarse=argmax(|γt(n)|) nε{γt(n)>γthreshold}
R(l,i)=FFT(x(n(i),l)), n(i)=[n start(i)+N prefix , n start(i)+N symbol−1]; l=1, . . . , N FFT;
R(l,i)=R(l,i−1)�e i2π(k−1)/NFFT +x(n start(i)+N prefix)−x(n start(i−1)+N symbol−1)
max ( ∏ j = 1 N T x  γ ( j , j ) ( i )  ) > N threshold � 1 2 N + 1 � ∑ i = 0 2 N ∏ j = 1 N Tx  γ ( j , j ) ( i )  where Nthreshold is a factor determined by the pre-set fine searching window size. Preferably, an overall fine synchronization position is then taken to be the earliest of the fine synchronization positions determined for the different receive antennas.
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