Source: http://www.mtnlegal.com/2012/10/24/distribution-manufacturing-dispensing-sale-or-possession-with-intent-to-distribute-manufacture-dispense-or-sell-a-controlled-substance-in-colorado/
Timestamp: 2014-09-03 04:33:00
Document Index: 33509147

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', '§ 3']

Distribution, Manufacturing, Dispensing, Sale, Or Possession With Intent To Distribute, Manufacture, Dispense Or Sell A Controlled Substance in Colorado
Statute for 18 – 18 – 405 – Distribution, Manufacturing, Dispensing, Sale, Or Possession With Intent To Distribute, Manufacture, Dispense Or Sell A Controlled Substance
18-18-405. Unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, or sale
(1) (a) Except as authorized by part 1 of article 42.5 of title 12, C.R.S., part 2 of article 80 of title 27, C.R.S., or part 2 or 3 of this article, it is unlawful for any person knowingly to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, or to possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, a controlled substance; or induce, attempt to induce, or conspire with one or more other persons, to manufacture, dispense, sell, distribute, or possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, a controlled substance; or possess one or more chemicals or supplies or equipment with intent to manufacture a controlled substance.
(b) As used in this subsection (1), “dispense” does not include labeling, as defined in section 12-42.5-102 (18), C.R.S.
(2) (a) Except as is otherwise provided for offenses concerning marijuana and marijuana concentrate in section 18-18-406 and for offenses involving minors in section 18-18-407 (1) (g), any person who violates any of the provisions of subsection (1) of this section:
(I) In the case of a controlled substance listed in schedule I or II of part 2 of this article, commits:
(A) A class 3 felony; or
(B) A class 2 felony, if the violation is committed subsequent to a prior conviction in this or any other state, the United States, or any territory subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of a violation to which this subparagraph (I) applies or would apply if convicted in this state;
(II) In the case of a controlled substance listed in schedule III of part 2 of this article, commits:
(A) A class 4 felony; or
(B) A class 3 felony, if the violation is committed subsequent to any prior conviction in this or any other state, the United States, or any territory subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of a violation to which subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (a) or this subparagraph (II) applies or would apply if convicted in this state;
(III) In the case of a controlled substance listed in schedule IV of part 2 of this article, commits:
(A) A class 5 felony; or
(B) A class 4 felony, if the violation is committed subsequent to a prior conviction in this or any other state, the United States, or any territory subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of a violation to which subparagraph (I) or (II) of this paragraph (a) or this subparagraph (III) applies or would apply if convicted in this state;
(IV) In the case of a controlled substance listed in schedule V of part 2 of this article, commits:
(A) A class 1 misdemeanor; or
(B) A class 5 felony, if the violation is committed subsequent to any prior conviction in this or any other state, the United States, or any territory subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of a violation to which subparagraph (I), (II), or (III) of this paragraph (a) or this subparagraph (IV) applies or would apply if convicted in this state.
(2.1) Repealed.
(2.3) (a) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2010, (HB 10-1352), ch. 259, p. 1163, § 3, effective August 11, 2010.)
(2.5) (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (III) of paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section, a person who violates the provisions of subsection (1) of this section with regard to flunitrazepam or ketamine commits a class 3 felony; except that the person commits a class 2 felony if the violation is committed subsequent to a prior conviction in this or any other state, the United States, or any territory subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of a violation involving flunitrazepam or ketamine or to which subparagraph (I) of paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section applies or would apply if convicted in this state.
(b) Any person convicted of violating the provisions of subsection (1) of this section with regard to flunitrazepam or ketamine shall be subject to the mandatory sentencing provisions of subsection (3) of this section.
(2.6) Repealed.
(3) (a) Unless a greater sentence is required pursuant to the provisions of another statute, any person convicted pursuant to subparagraph (I) of paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section for knowingly manufacturing, dispensing, selling, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, or inducing, attempting to induce, or conspiring with one or more other persons, to manufacture, dispense, sell, distribute, or possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute an amount that is or has been represented to be:
(I) At least twenty-five grams or one ounce but less than four hundred fifty grams of any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains a schedule I or schedule II controlled substance as listed in section 18-18-203 or 18-18-204 shall be sentenced to the department of corrections for at least the minimum term of incarceration in the presumptive range provided for such offense in section 18-1.3-401 (1) (a) with regard to offenses other than manufacturing, dispensing, selling, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, and for at least the minimum term of incarceration in the presumptive range provided for such offense in section 18-1.3-401 (1) (a) as modified pursuant to section 18-1.3-401 (10) with regard to manufacturing, dispensing, selling, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute;
(II) At least four hundred fifty grams or one pound but less than one thousand grams of any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains a schedule I or schedule II controlled substance as listed in section 18-18-203 or 18-18-204 shall be sentenced to the department of corrections for a term of at least the midpoint of the presumptive range but not more than twice the maximum presumptive range provided for such offense in section 18-1.3-401 (1) (a) with regard to offenses other than manufacturing, dispensing, selling, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, and for a term of at least the midpoint of the presumptive range but not more than twice the maximum presumptive range provided for such offense in section 18-1.3-401 (1) (a) as modified pursuant to section 18-1.3-401 (10) with regard to manufacturing, dispensing, selling, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute;
(III) One thousand grams or one kilogram or more of any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains a schedule I or schedule II controlled substance as listed in section 18-18-203 or 18-18-204 shall be sentenced to the department of corrections for a term greater than the maximum presumptive range but not more than twice the maximum presumptive range provided for such offense in section 18-1.3-401 (1) (a) with regard to offenses other than manufacturing, dispensing, selling, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, and for a term greater than the maximum presumptive range but not more than twice the maximum presumptive range provided for such offense in section 18-1.3-401 (1) (a) as modified pursuant to section 18-1.3-401 (10) with regard to manufacturing, dispensing, selling, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute.
(b) In addition to any other penalty imposed under this subsection (3), upon conviction, a person who violates this subsection (3) shall be fined not less than one thousand dollars but not more than five hundred thousand dollars. For offenses committed on or after July 1, 1985, the fine shall be in an amount within the presumptive range set out in section 18-1.3-401 (1) (a) (III).
(3.5) The felony offense of unlawfully manufacturing, dispensing, selling, distributing, or possessing with intent to unlawfully manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute a controlled substance is an extraordinary risk crime that is subject to the modified presumptive sentencing range specified in section 18-1.3-401 (10).
(5) When a person commits unlawful distribution, manufacture, dispensing, sale, or possession with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute any schedule I or schedule II controlled substance, as listed in section 18-18-203 or 18-18-204, flunitrazepam, or ketamine, pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, twice or more within a period of six months, without having been placed in jeopardy for the prior offense or offenses, and the aggregate amount of the schedule I or schedule II controlled substance, flunitrazepam, or ketamine involved equals or exceeds twenty-five grams, the defendant shall be sentenced pursuant to the mandatory sentencing requirements specified in subsection (3) of this section.
(7) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of this section, and except as otherwise provided in sub-subparagraph (B) of subparagraph (I) of paragraph (a) of subsection (2) or paragraph (a) of subsection (2.5) of this section, a person who violates subsection (1) of this section by selling, dispensing, or distributing a controlled substance other than marijuana or marijuana concentrate to a minor under eighteen years of age and who is at least eighteen years of age and at least two years older than the minor commits a class 3 felony and, unless a greater sentence is provided under any other statute, shall be sentenced to the department of corrections for a term of at least the minimum, but not more than twice the maximum, of the presumptive range provided for such offense in section 18-1.3-401 (1) (a) as modified pursuant to section 18-1.3-401 (10).
When you look at the Statute, you may have questions about definitions of certain words or how the Colorado Court will interpret certain phrases. To answer these questions, Defense Attorney turn to "case law." That is, lawyers look at previous cases to determine how these words and phrases should be defined and interpreted. The best way to locate caselaw for free is to go to google scholar and search for legal opinions involving your charges from Colorado courts. Remember to talk to your attorney about any issues in your case and how the lawyer believes that the issues should be handled. Colorado Penalties for Distribution, Manufacturing, Dispensing, Sale, Or Possession With Intent To Distribute, Manufacture, Dispense Or Sell A Controlled Substance
The charge of Distribution, Manufacturing, Dispensing, Sale, Or Possession With Intent To Distribute, Manufacture, Dispense Or Sell A Controlled Substance, is categorized as a:
F3, for schedule I or II controlled substance
F4, for schedule III controlled substance
F5, for a schedule IV controlled substance, except
flunitrazepam which is F3
M1, for a schedule V controlled substance
The degree of felony increases upon second or
subsequent convictions and in cases where certain
quantities are possessed, manufactured or transferred.
Please find the model jury instruction for Distribution, Manufacturing, Dispensing, Sale, Or Possession With Intent To Distribute, Manufacture, Dispense Or Sell A Controlled Substance below. These will be adapted by your Colorado Attorney for your case.
The elements of the crime of [distribution] [manufacturing] [dispensing] [sale] [possession with intent to (distribute) (manufacture) (dispense) (sell)] a controlled substance are: 1. That the defendant, 2. in the State of Colorado, at or about the date and place charged, 3. knowingly, 4. [[distributed] [manufactured] [dispensed] [sold] [possessed with intent to (distribute) (manufacture) (dispense) (sell)], with or without remuneration,] -or- [4. [induced] [attempted to induce] [conspired with] one or more persons to 5. [distribute] [manufacture] [dispense] [sell] [possess with intent to (distribute) (manufacture) (dispense) (sell)], with or without remuneration,]] 5 or 6. The controlled substance(s) _______________________ ___________________________________________________________ (Insert the name of a controlled substance from Schedules I through V) [6. or 7 without the affirmative defense in instruction number ________ .] After considering all the evidence, if you decide the prosecution has proven each of the elements beyond a reasonable doubt, you should find the defendant guilty of [distribution] [manufacturing] [dispensing] [sale] [possession with intent to (distribute) (manufacture) (dispense) (sell)] a controlled substance. After considering all the evidence, if you decide the prosecution has failed to prove any one or more of the elements beyond a reasonable doubt, you should find the defendant not guilty of [distribution] [manufacturing] [dispensing] [sale] [possession with intent to (distribute) (manufacture) (dispense) (sell) a controlled substance of a controlled substance. NOTES ON USE When this instruction is used, the applicable definitions of ?knowingly?, ?with intent?, ?controlled substance?, ?dispense?, ?distribution?, ?manufacture?, ?remuneration? and ?sale? must be given.
To begin the process of analyzing your case, think about your case from the perspective of the prosecutor. Think about the facts that the prosecutor will have to prove to establish each element. Next, sit down with your CO Defense Attorney and talk about some of the legal ways that you can use to counter the prosecutor’s evidence. Talk to your attorney about whether he thinks any of the prosecutor’s evidence can be kept out of court. For example, if you were illegally searched, your attorney may be able to keep the things that were found, as a result of that illegal search, out of court. Additionally, talk to your attorney about whether you have any defenses to Distribution, Manufacturing, Dispensing, Sale, Or Possession With Intent To Distribute, Manufacture, Dispense Or Sell A Controlled Substance.
If you have specific questions or would like to speak with an attorney about your legal criminal defense needs, please call Mountain Legal in Denver Colorado at 303-586-1731 or email us at nbaca@mtnlegal.com Written by Nathaniel Baca
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