Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20040244968?dq=7565338
Timestamp: 2017-08-22 04:36:51
Document Index: 579398686

Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'application No. 60']

Patent US20040244968 - Expanding a tubular member - Google Patents
A tubular member is expanded by pressurizing an interior region within the tubular member....http://www.google.com/patents/US20040244968?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20040244968 - Expanding a tubular member
Publication number US20040244968 A1
Also published as US7603758
Publication number 10169434, 169434, PCT/2001/4753, PCT/US/1/004753, PCT/US/1/04753, PCT/US/2001/004753, PCT/US/2001/04753, PCT/US1/004753, PCT/US1/04753, PCT/US1004753, PCT/US104753, PCT/US2001/004753, PCT/US2001/04753, PCT/US2001004753, PCT/US200104753, US 2004/0244968 A1, US 2004/244968 A1, US 20040244968 A1, US 20040244968A1, US 2004244968 A1, US 2004244968A1, US-A1-20040244968, US-A1-2004244968, US2004/0244968A1, US2004/244968A1, US20040244968 A1, US20040244968A1, US2004244968 A1, US2004244968A1
Inventors Robert Cook, David Brisco, R Stewart, Lev Ring, Richard Haut, Robert Mack, Alan Duell
Original Assignee Cook Robert Lance, Brisco David Paul, Stewart R Bruce, Lev Ring, Haut Richard Carl, Mack Robert Donald, Duell Alan B.
Patent Citations (99), Referenced by (28), Classifications (44), Legal Events (5)
US 20040244968 A1
pressurizing an annular region within the tubular member above the mandrel; and
displacing the mandrel with respect to the tubular member.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the removed fluids pass inside the annular region.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume of the annular region increases.
5. The method of claim 1, further including sealing off the annular region.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein sealing off the annular region includes sealing a stationary member and sealing a non-stationary member.
7. The method of claim 1, further including conveying fluids in opposite directions.
8. The method of claim 1, further including conveying a pressurized fluid and a non-pressurized fluid in opposite directions.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressurizing is provided at operating pressures ranging from about 0 to 9,000 psi.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressurizing is provided at flow rates ranging from about 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute.
11. An apparatus for radially expanding a tubular member, comprising:
a second tubular member positioned within the first tubular member;
a third tubular member movably coupled to and positioned within the second tubular member;
a first annular sealing member for sealing an interface between the first and second tubular members;
a second annular sealing member for sealing an interface between the second and third tubular members; and
a mandrel positioned within the first tubular member and coupled to an end of the third tubular member.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, further including an annular chamber defined by the first tubular member, the second tubular member, the third tubular member, the first annular sealing member, the second annular sealing member, and the mandrel.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, further including an annular passage defined by the second tubular member and the third tubular member.
14. The apparatus of claim 11, further including a fluid passage contained within the third tubular member and the mandrel.
15. The apparatus of claim 11, further including one or more sealing members coupled to an exterior surface of the first tubular member.
an annular chamber defined by the first tubular member, the second tubular member, the third tubular member, the first annular sealing member, the second annular sealing member, and the mandrel; and
an annular passage defined by the second tubular member and the third tubular member.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the annular chamber and the annular passage are fluidicly coupled.
18. The apparatus of claim 11, further including one or more slips coupled to the exterior surface of the first tubular member.
19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the mandrel includes a conical surface.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the angle of attack of the conical surface ranges from about 0 to 30 degrees.
21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the conical surface has a surface hardness ranging from about 58 to 62 Rockwell C.
a piston adapted to expand the diameter of the tubular member positioned within the tubular member, the piston including a passage for conveying fluids out of the tubular member; and
an annular chamber defined by the piston and tubular member.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the piston includes a conical surface.
24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the angle of attack of the conical surface ranges from about 0 to 30 degrees.
25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the conical surface has a surface hardness ranging from about 58 to 62 Rockwell C.
26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the tubular member includes one or more sealing members coupled to the exterior surface of the tubular member.
a second tubular member coupled to the first tubular member by the process of:
positioning the second tubular member in an overlapping relationship to the first tubular member
placing a mandrel within the second tubular member;
pressurizing an annular region within the second tubular member above the mandrel; and
displacing the mandrel with respect to the second tubular member.
28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the process for coupling the second tubular member to the first tubular member further comprises:
removing fluids within the second tubular member that are displaced by the displacement of the mandrel.
29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the removed fluids pass inside the annular region.
30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the volume of the annular region increases.
31. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the process for coupling the second tubular member to the first tubular member further comprises sealing off the annular region.
32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein sealing off the annular region includes sealing a stationary member and sealing a non-stationary member.
33. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the process for coupling the second tubular member to the first tubular member further comprises conveying fluids in opposite directions.
34. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the process for coupling the second tubular member to the first tubular member further comprises conveying a pressurized fluid and a non-pressurized fluid in opposite directions.
35. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the pressurizing is provided at operating pressures ranging from about 0 to 9,000 psi.
36. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the pressuring is provided at flow rates ranging from about 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute.
37. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the first tubular member includes a defective portion; and wherein the second tubular member is positioned in opposing relation to the defective portion.
38. A method of coupling a tubular member to a preexisting structure, comprising:
preforming the tubular member to include a first portion, a second portion and a third portion;
placing a mandrel within the second portion of the tubular member;
pressurizing an interior region within the tubular member above the mandrel; and
displacing the mandrel with respect to the tubular member;
wherein the inside diameter of the second portion of the tubular member is greater than the inside diameters of the first and third portions of the tubular member.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the pressurizing is provided at operating pressures ranging from about 0 to 9,000 psi.
40. The method of claim 38, wherein the pressurizing is provided at flow rates ranging from about 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute.
41. The method of claim 38, wherein the tubular member is expanded beginning at an upper portion of the tubular member.
42. An apparatus for radially expanding a tubular member, comprising:
a second tubular member coupled to the first tubular member;
a third tubular member coupled to the second tubular member; and
a mandrel positioned within the second tubular member and coupled to an end portion of the third tubular member;
wherein the inside diameter of the second tubular member is greater than the inside diameters of the first and third tubular members.
43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the mandrel includes a fluid passage having an inlet adapted to receive fluid stop member.
44. The apparatus of claim 42, further including one or more slips coupled to the exterior surface of the third tubular member.
45. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the mandrel includes a conical surface.
46. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the angle of attack of the conical surface ranges from about 0 to 30 degrees.
47. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the conical surface has a surface hardness ranging from about 58 to 62 Rockwell C.
a tubular member having a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion; and
a piston adapted to expand the diameter of the tubular member positioned within the second portion of the tubular member, the piston including a passage for conveying fluids out of the tubular member;
50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the piston includes a conical surface.
51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the angle of attack of the conical surface ranges from about 0 to 30 degrees.
52. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the conical surface has a surface hardness ranging from about 58 to 62 Rockwell C.
53. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the tubular member includes one or more sealing members coupled to the exterior surface of the tubular member.
a tubular member coupled to the preexisting structure by the process of:
55. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the pressurizing is provided at operating pressures ranging from about 0 to 9,000 psi.
56. The method of claim 54, wherein the pressurizing is provided at flow rates ranging from about 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute.
57. A method of coupling a tubular member to a preexisting structure, comprising:
displacing the mandrel with respect to the tubular member and
58. An apparatus for coupling a tubular member to a preexisting structure, comprising:
59. An apparatus for radially expanding a tubular member, comprising:
a second annular sealing member for sealing an interface between the second and third tubular members;
a mandrel positioned within the first tubular member and coupled to an end of the third tubular member;
an annular chamber defined by the first tubular member, the second tubular member, the third tubular member, the first annular sealing member, the second annular sealing member, and the mandrel;
a fluid passage defined by the third tubular member and the mandrel fluidicly coupled to an interior region of the first tubular member below the mandrel; and
an annular passage defined by the second tubular member and the third tubular member fluidicly coupled to the annular chamber.
positioning the second tubular member in an overlapping relationship to the first tubular member;
sealing off an annular region within the second tubular member above the mandrel by sealing a stationary member and sealing a non-stationary member;
displacing the mandrel with respect to the second tubular member; and
removing fluids within the second tubular member that are displaced by the displacement of the mandrel by passing the removed fluids inside of the annular region.
61. A method of coupling a tubular member to a preexisting structure, comprising:
wherein the inside diameter of the second portion of the tubular member is greater than the inside diameters of the first and third portions of the tubular member;
wherein the pressurizing is provided at operating pressures ranging from about 0 to 9,000 psi; and
wherein the pressurizing is provided at flow rates ranging from about 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute.
62. An apparatus for coupling a tubular member to a preexisting structure, comprising:
means for preforming the tubular member to include a first portion, a second portion and a third portion;
means for placing a mandrel within the second portion of the tubular member;
means for pressurizing an interior region within the tubular member above the mandrel; and
means for displacing the mandrel with respect to the tubular member;
wherein the means for pressurizing is provided at operating pressures ranging from about 0 to 9,000 psi; and
wherein the means for pressurizing is provided at flow rates ranging from about 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute.
63. An apparatus for radially expanding a tubular member, comprising:
a third tubular member coupled to the second tubular member;
one or more slips coupled to the exterior surface of the third tubular member; and
a mandrel having a conical outer surface including an angle of attack between about 0 to 30 degrees and a surface hardness ranging from about 58 to 62 Rockwell C positioned within the second tubular member and coupled to an end portion of the third tubular member;
wherein the inside diameter of the second tubular member is greater than the inside diameters of the first and third tubular members;
wherein the mandrel includes a fluid passage having an inlet adapted to receive fluid stop member.
wherein the pressurizing is provided at flow rates ranging from about 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute
The present application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/183,546, attorney docket no. 25791.10, filed on Feb. 18, 2000, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/559,122, attorney docket number 25791.23.02, filed on Apr. 26, 2000, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/131,106, filed on Apr. 26, 1999, which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/523,460, attorney docket number 25791.11.02, filed on Mar. 10, 2000, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/124,042, filed on Mar. 11, 1999, which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/510,913, attorney docket number 25791.7.02, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/121,702, filed on Feb. 25, 1999, which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/502,350, attorney docket number 25791.8.02, filed on Feb. 10, 2000, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/119,611, attorney docket number 25791.8, filed on Feb. 11, 1999, which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/454,139, attorney docket number 25791.3.02, filed on Dec. 3, 1999, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/111,293, filed on Dec. 7, 1998.
The present application is related to the following U.S. patent applications: (1) utility patent application number ______, attorney docket number 25791.9.02, filed on Nov. 16, 1999, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of provisional patent application No. 60/108,558, attorney docket number 25791.9, filed on Nov. 16, 1998; (2) utility patent application number ______, attorney docket number 25791.3.02, filed on Dec. 3, 1999, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of provisional patent application No. 60/111,293. attorney docket number 25791.3, filed on Dec. 7, 1998; (3) utility patent application number ______, attorney docket number 25791.8.02, filed on Feb. 10, 2000, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of provisional patent application No. 60/119,611, attorney docket number 25791.8, filed on Feb. 11, 1999; (4) provisional patent application No. 60/121,702, attorney docket number 25791.7, filed on Feb. 25, 1999; (5) provisional patent application No. 60/121,841, attorney docket number 25791.12, filed on Feb. 26, 1999; (6) provisional patent application No. 60/121,907, attorney docket number 25791.16, filed on Feb. 26, 1999; (7) provisional patent application No. 60/124,042, attorney docket number 25791.11, filed on Mar. 11, 1999; (8) provisional patent application No. 60/131,106, attorney docket number 25791.23, filed on Apr. 26, 1999; (9) provisional patent application No. 60/137,998, attorney docket number 25791.17, filed on Jun. 7, 1999; (10) provisional patent application No. 60/143,039, attorney docket number 25791.26, filed on Jul. 9, 1999; (11) provisional patent application No. 60/146,203, attorney docket number 25791.25, filed on Jul. 29, 1999; (12) provisional patent application No. ______, attorney docket number 25791.29, filed on Sep. 16, 1999; (13) provisional patent application No. ______, attorney docket number 25791.34, filed on Oct. 12, 1999; (14) provisional patent application No. ______, attorney docket number 25791.36, filed on Oct. 12, 1999; (13) provisional patent application No. 60/159,033, attorney docket number 25791.37, filed on Oct. 12, 1999; (15) provisional patent application No. ______, attorney docket number 25791.27, filed on Nov. 01, 1999. Applicants incorporate by reference the disclosures of these applications.
[0018]FIG. 1a is a fragmentary cross-section illustration of an embodiment of an apparatus and method for expanding tubular members.
[0019]FIG. 1b is another fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of the apparatus of FIG. 1a.
[0020]FIG. 1c is another fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of the apparatus of FIG. 1a.
[0021]FIG. 2a is a fragmentary cross-section illustration of an embodiment of an apparatus and method for expanding tubular members.
[0022]FIG. 2b is another fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of the apparatus of FIG. 2a.
[0023]FIG. 2c is another fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of the apparatus of FIG. 2a.
[0024]FIG. 2d is another fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of the apparatus of FIG. 2a.
[0025]FIG. 2e is another fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of the apparatus of FIG. 2a.
Referring now to FIGS. 1a, 1 b and 1 c, an apparatus 100 for expanding a tubular member will be described. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus 100 includes a support member 105, a packer 110, a first fluid conduit 115, an annular fluid passage 120, fluid inlets 125, an annular seal 130, a second fluid conduit 135, a fluid passage 140, a mandrel 145, a mandrel launcher 150, a tubular member 155, slips 160, and seals 165. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus 100 is used to radially expand the tubular member 155. In this manner, the apparatus 100 may be used to form a wellbore casing, line a wellbore casing, form a pipeline, line a pipeline, form a structural support member, or repair a wellbore casing, pipeline or structural support member. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus 100 is used to clad at least a portion of the tubular member 155 onto a preexisting tubular member.
The mandrel 145 is coupled to the second fluid conduit 135 and the mandrel launcher 150. The mandrel 145 preferably are an annular member having a conic section fabricated from any number of conventional commercially available materials such as, for example, machine tool steel, ceramics, tungsten carbide, titanium or other high strength alloys. In a preferred embodiment, the angle of the conic section of the mandrel 145 ranges from about 0 to 30 degrees in order to optimally expand the mandrel launcher 150 and tubular member 155 in the radial direction. In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the conic section ranges from about 58 to 62 Rockwell C in order to optimally provide high yield strength. In a preferred embodiment, the expansion cone 145 is heat treated in order to optimally provide a hard outer surface and a resilient interior body in order to optimally provide abrasion resistance and fracture toughness. In an alternative embodiment, the mandrel 145 is expandible in order to further optimally augment the radial expansion process.
As illustrated in FIG. 1b, after placement of the apparatus 100 in an overlapping relationship with the wellbore casing 170, a fluidic material 185 is preferably pumped into the chamber 175 using the fluid passage 120 and the inlet passages 125. In a preferred embodiment, the fluidic material is pumped into the chamber 175 at operating pressures and flow rates ranging from about 0 to 9,000 psi and 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute in order to optimally provide flow rates and operational pressures for the radial expansion process. The pumped fluidic material 185 increase the operating pressure within the chamber 175. The increased operating pressure in the chamber 175 then causes the mandrel 145 to extrude the mandrel launcher 150 and tubular member 155 off of the face of the mandrel 145. The extrusion of the mandrel launcher 150 and tubular member 155 off of the face of the mandrel 145 causes the mandrel launcher 150 and tubular member 155 to expand in the radial direction. Continued pumping of the fluidic material 185 preferably causes the entire length of the tubular member 155 to expand in the radial direction.
As illustrated in FIG. 1c, in a preferred embodiment, upon the completion of the extrusion process, the support member 105, packer 110, first fluid conduit 115, annular seal 130, second fluid conduit 135, mandrel 145, and mandrel launcher 150 are moved from the wellbore 180.
Referring now to FIGS. 2a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d, and 2 e, an apparatus 200 for expanding a tubular member will be described. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus 200 includes a support member 205, a mandrel launcher 210, a mandrel 215, a first fluid passage 220, a tubular member 225, slips 230, seals 235, a shoe 240, and a second fluid passage 245. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus 200 is used to radially expand the mandrel launcher 210 and tubular member 225. In this manner, the apparatus 200 may be used to form a wellbore casing, line a wellbore casing, form a pipeline, line a pipeline, form a structural support member, or repair a wellbore casing, pipeline or structural support member. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus 200 is used to clad at least a portion of the tubular member 225 onto a preexisting structural member.
The mandrel 215 is coupled to the mandrel launcher 210. The mandrel 215 preferably are an annular member having a conic section fabricated from any number of conventional commercially available materials such as, for example, machine tool steel, ceramics, tungsten carbide, titanium or other high strength alloys. In a preferred embodiment, the angle of the conic section of the mandrel 215 ranges from about 0 to 30 degrees in order to optimally expand the mandrel launcher 210 and the tubular member 225 in the radial direction. In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the conic section ranges from about 58 to 62 Rockwell C in order to optimally provide high yield strength. In a preferred embodiment, the expansion cone 215 is heat treated in order to optimally provide a hard outer surface and a resilient interior body in order to optimally provide abrasion resistance and fracture toughness. In an alternative embodiment, the mandrel 215 is expandible in order to further optimally augment the radial expansion process.
As illustrated in FIG. 2b, after placement of the apparatus 200 in an overlapping relationship with the wellbore casing 275, a fluidic material 280 is preferably pumped into the chamber 270. The fluidic material 280 then passes through the fluid passage 220 into the chamber 275. The fluidic material 280 then passes out of the chamber 275, through the fluid passage 245, and into the annular region 270. In a preferred embodiment, the fluidic material 280 is pumped into the chamber 270 at operating pressures and flow rates ranging from about 0 to 9,000 psi and 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute in order to optimally provide flow rates and operational pressures for the radial expansion process. in a preferred embodiment, the fluidic material 280 is a hardenable fluidic sealing material in order to form a hardened outer annular member around the expanded tubular member 225.
As illustrated in FIG. 2c, at some later point in the process, a ball 285, plug or other similar device, is introduced into the pumped fluidic material 280. In a preferred embodiment, the ball 285 mates with and seals off the inlet 265 of the fluid passage 220. In this manner, the chamber 270 is fluidicly isolated from the chamber 275.
As illustrated in FIG. 2d, after placement of the ball 285 in the inlet 265 of the fluid passage 220, a fluidic material 290 is pumped into the chamber 270. The fluidic material is preferably pumped into the chamber 270 at operating pressures and flow rates ranging from about 0 to 9,000 psi and 0 to 3,000 gallons/minute in order to provide optimal operating efficiency. The fluidic material 290 may be any number of conventional commercially available materials such as, for example, water, drilling mud, cement, epoxy, or slag mix. In a preferred embodiment, the fluidic material 290 is a non-hardenable fluidic material in order to maximize operational efficiency.
In a preferred embodiment, the tubular members 105 and 225; shoes 240; expansion cone launchers 150 and 210; and expansion cones 145 and 215 are provided substantially as described in one or more of the following U.S. patent applications: (1) utility patent application number ______, attorney docket number 25791.9.02, filed on Nov. 16, 1999, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of provisional patent application No. 60/108,558, attorney docket number 25791.9, filed on Nov. 16, 1998; (2) utility patent application number ______, attorney docket number 25791.3.02, filed on Dec. 3, 1999, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of provisional patent application No. 60/111,293, attorney docket number 25791.3, filed on Dec. 7, 1998; (3) utility patent application number ______, attorney docket number 25791.8.02, filed on Feb. 10, 2000, which claimed the benefit of the filing date of provisional patent application No. 60/119,611, attorney docket number 25791.8, filed on Feb. 11, 1999; (4) provisional patent application No. 60/121,702, attorney docket number 25791.7, filed on Feb. 25, 1999; (5) provisional patent application No. 60/121,841, attorney docket number 25791.12, filed on Feb. 26, 1999; (6) provisional patent application No. 60/121,907, attorney docket number 25791.16, filed on Feb. 26, 1999; (7) provisional patent application No. 60/124,042, attorney docket number 25791.11, filed on Mar. 11, 1999; (8) provisional patent application No. 60/131,106, attorney docket number 25791.23, filed on Apr. 26, 1999; (9) provisional patent application No. 60/137,998, attorney docket number 25791.17, filed on Jun. 7, 1999; (10) provisional patent application No. 60/143,039, attorney docket number 25791.26, filed on Jul. 9, 1999; (11) provisional patent application No. 60/146,203, attorney docket number 25791.25, filed on Jul. 29, 1999; (12) provisional patent application No. ______, attorney docket number 25791.29, filed on Sep. 16, 1999; (13) provisional patent application No. ______, attorney docket number 25791.34, filed on Oct. 12, 1999; (14) provisional patent application No. ______, attorney docket number 25791.36, filed on Oct. 12, 1999; (13) provisional patent application No. 60/159,033, attorney docket number 25791.37, filed on Oct. 12, 1999; (15) provisional patent application No. ______, attorney docket number 25791.27, filed on Nov. 01, 1999. Applicants incorporate by reference the disclosures of these applications.
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U.S. Classification 166/242.6
International Classification B21D26/02, E21B43/10
Cooperative Classification E21B17/042, E21B33/04, E21B43/106, E21B17/08, E21B29/10, E21B23/04, E21B33/14, E21B33/03, A47B43/00, E21B43/305, E21B43/14, E21B43/084, A47B96/202, E21B33/047, A47B61/00, E21B33/10, E21B43/103, E21B7/208, B21D39/20, E21B43/105, Y10T29/49911
European Classification E21B43/14, E21B43/10F, E21B17/08, E21B29/10, E21B43/30B, E21B43/08R, A47B43/00, E21B7/20M, E21B33/03, E21B23/04, E21B33/04, A47B61/00, A47B96/20B, E21B43/10F2, E21B17/042, E21B33/14, E21B33/047, E21B33/10, E21B43/10F1, B21D39/20