Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title22-chapter32-subchapter2-part1&saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUyMi1zZWN0aW9uMjMwMQ%3D%3D%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2020-02-25 18:52:27
Document Index: 152451187

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2301', '§201', '§705', '§705', '§705', '§699', '§2303', '§104', '§502', '§12', '§2304', 'art 774', '§502', '§46', '§301', '§109', '§6', '§511', '§4', '§701', '§101', '§124', '§1201', '§127', '§162', '§9', '§201', '§102', '§421', '§1000', '§252', '§806', '§104', '§665', '§6', '§2', '§1207', '§206', '§4601', '§1766', '§1091', '§2751', '§208', '§206', '§208', '§206', '§683', '§665', '§421', '§102', '§704', '§701', '§6', '§6', '§6', '§10', '§2305', '§2751', '§2347', '§2']

[USC02] 22 USC CHAPTER 32, SUBCHAPTER II, Part I: Declaration of Policy
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22 USC CHAPTER 32, SUBCHAPTER II, Part I: Declaration of Policy
§2301. Congressional statement of policy
A prior section 501 of Pub. L. 87–195, provided that part II of Pub. L. 87–195 [subchapter II of this chapter] should be cited as the "International Peace and Security Act of 1961", prior to repeal by Pub. L. 88–205, pt. II, §201(b), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 384.
1993—Pub. L. 103–199, §705(1)(A), in second par., substituted "hostile countries" for "international communism and the countries it controls".
Pub. L. 103–199, §705(1)(B), in fourth par., struck out "Communist or Communist-supported" after "if necessary, defeat".
Pub. L. 103–199, §705(1)(C), in fifth par., substituted "aggression or in which the internal security is threatened by internal subversion inspired or supported by hostile countries." for "active Communist or Communist-supported aggression or those countries in which the internal security is threatened by Communist-inspired or Communist-supported internal subversion."
1967—Pub. L. 90–137 inserted par. to indicate that priority shall be given in the use of the funds available to defend against Communist aggression or Communist-inspired internal subversion.
Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title VI, §699, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1418, provided that:
"(a) Determination Regarding Transfers.—If the President determines, based on a preponderance of the evidence, that a foreign person or entity has knowingly transferred proscribed weapons to Palestinian entities in the West Bank or Gaza, then, for the period specified in subsection (b), no assistance may be provided to the person or entity under part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2301 et seq.] and no sales of defense articles or defense services may be made to the person or entity under section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2763].
"(b) Duration of Prohibition.—The period referred to in subsection (a) is the period commencing on the date on which a notification of a determination under subsection (a) is submitted to the appropriate congressional committees and ending on the date that is two years after such date.
"(c) Report.—In conjunction with the report required under title VIII of the P.L.O. Commitments Compliance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–246) [104 Stat. 76], the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees on transfers reviewed pursuant to subsection (a).
"(d) Definition.—In this section, the term 'proscribed weapons' means arms, ammunition, and equipment the transfer of which is not in compliance with the Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area of May 4, 1994, its annexes, or subsequent agreements between Israel and the PLO, or Palestinian Authority, as appropriate."
[Functions of President under section 699 of Pub. L. 107–228, set out above, delegated to Secretary of State by Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 30, 2009, 74 F.R. 22637.]
[For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as used in section 699 of Pub. L. 107–228, set out above, see section 3 of Pub. L. 107–228, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.]
§2303. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–164, title I, §104(b)(2)(A), July 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 1426
Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §502A, as added Pub. L. 93–189, §12(a), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 720, directed that excess defense articles be provided whenever possible rather than new items.
§2304. Human rights and security assistance
(2) Except under circumstances specified in this section, no security assistance may be provided to any country the government of which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights. Security assistance may not be provided to the police, domestic intelligence, or similar law enforcement forces of a country, and licenses may not be issued under the Export Administration Act of 1979 for the export of crime control and detection instruments and equipment to a country, the government of which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights unless the President certifies in writing to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the chairman of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate (when licenses are to be issued pursuant to the Export Administration Act of 1979).1 that extraordinary circumstances exist warranting provision of such assistance and issuance of such licenses. Assistance may not be provided under part V of this subchapter to a country the government of which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights unless the President certifies in writing to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that extraordinary circumstances exist warranting provision of such assistance.
The Secretary of State shall transmit to the Congress, as part of the presentation materials for security assistance programs proposed for each fiscal year, a full and complete report, prepared with the assistance of the Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor and with the assistance of the Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom, with respect to practices regarding the observance of and respect for internationally recognized human rights in each country proposed as a recipient of security assistance. Wherever applicable, such report shall include consolidated information regarding the commission of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and evidence of acts that may constitute genocide (as defined in article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide and modified by the United States instrument of ratification to that convention and section 2(a) of the Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 1987). Wherever applicable, such report shall include information on practices regarding coercion in population control, including coerced abortion and involuntary sterilization. Such report shall also include, wherever applicable, information on violations of religious freedom, including particularly severe violations of religious freedom (as defined in section 6402 of this title). Wherever applicable, such report shall include a description of the nature and extent of acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement that occur, including the descriptions of such acts required under section 2151n(d)(8) of this title. Such report shall also include, for each country with respect to which the report indicates that extrajudicial killings, torture, or other serious violations of human rights have occurred in the country, the extent to which the United States has taken or will take action to encourage an end to such practices in the country. Each report under this section shall list the votes of each member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on all country-specific and thematic resolutions voted on at the Commission's annual session during the period covered during the preceding year. Each report under this section shall also include (i) wherever applicable, a description of the nature and extent of the compulsory recruitment and conscription of individuals under the age of 18 by armed forces of the government of the country, government-supported paramilitaries, or other armed groups, the participation of such individuals in such groups, and the nature and extent that such individuals take a direct part in hostilities, (ii) what steps, if any, taken by the government of the country to eliminate such practices, and (iii) such other information related to the use by such government of individuals under the age of 18 as soldiers, as determined to be appropriate by the Secretary of State. Each report under this section shall describe the extent to which each country has extended protection to refugees, including the provision of first asylum and resettlement. In determining whether a government falls within the provisions of subsection (a)(3) and in the preparation of any report or statement required under this section, consideration shall be given to—
(B) The term "certification", as used in section 601 of such Act, means, for the purposes of this subsection, a resolution of request of the Senate under paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(1) the term "gross violations of internationally recognized human rights" includes torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, prolonged detention without charges and trial, causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction and clandestine detention of those persons, and other flagrant denial of the right to life, liberty, or the security of person;
(2) the term "security assistance" means—
(A) assistance under part II (military assistance) or part IV (economic support fund) or part V (military education and training) or part VI (peacekeeping operations) or part VIII (antiterrorism assistance) of this subchapter;
(B) sales of defense articles or services, extensions of credits (including participations in credits), and guaranties of loans under the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.]; or
(C) any license in effect with respect to the export to or for the armed forces, police, intelligence, or other internal security forces of a foreign country of—
(i) defense articles or defense services under section 38 of the Armed 2 Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778); or
(ii) items listed under the 600 series of the Commerce Control List contained in Supplement No. 1 to part 774 of subtitle B of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations; 3
(1) The report required by subsection (b) shall include the following:
(i) 4 Report on status of freedom of the press in recipient countries
(i) 4 Child marriage status
In this subsection, the term "child marriage" means the marriage of a girl or boy who is—
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §502B, as added Pub. L. 93–559, §46, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1815; amended Pub. L. 94–329, title III, §301(a), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 748; Pub. L. 95–105, title I, §109(a)(3), Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 846; Pub. L. 95–384, §§6(a)–(d)(1), (e), 10(b)(1), 12(b), Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 731, 732, 735, 737; Pub. L. 96–53, title V, §511, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 380; Pub. L. 96–92, §4, Oct. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 702; Pub. L. 96–533, title VII, §§701(b), 704, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3156, 3157; Pub. L. 98–151, §101(b)(2), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 972; Pub. L. 99–64, title I, §124, July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 156; Pub. L. 99–83, title XII, §1201, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 276; Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §127(2), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1343; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §162(e)(2), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 103–437, §9(a)(6), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588; Pub. L. 104–319, title II, §201(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3866; Pub. L. 105–292, title I, §102(d)(2), title IV, §421(b), Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2795, 2810; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §252, title VIII, §806(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-432, 1501A-471; Pub. L. 106–386, div. A, §104(b), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1472; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title VI, §§665(b), 683(b), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1407, 1411; Pub. L. 108–332, §6(a)(2), Oct. 16, 2004, 118 Stat. 1285; Pub. L. 111–166, §2(2), May 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, §1207(b)(2), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 141; Pub. L. 113–276, title II, §§206, 208(b)(2), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2992, 2993.)
The Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is Pub. L. 96–72, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 503, which was classified principally to chapter 56 (§4601 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232, except for sections 11A, 11B, and 11C thereof (50 U.S.C. 4611, 4612, 4613).
Section 2(a) of the Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (b), probably means section 2(a) of the Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 1987 (the Proxmire Act), Pub. L. 100–606, Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3045, which enacted chapter 50A (§1091 et seq.) of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Section 601 of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(A), (4)(B), is section 601 of Pub. L. 94–329, which was not classified to the Code.
The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsecs. (d)(2)(B) and (f), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§2751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (f), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, as amended, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.
The 1983 amendment by Pub. L. 98–151 is based on section 202(a) of H.R. 2992, Ninety-eighth Congress, 1st Session, as reported May 17, 1983, which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 98–151.
2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–276, §208(b)(2)(A), substituted "Wherever applicable, such report shall include a description" for "Wherever applicable, a description" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 113–276, §206(1), struck out "and" at end.
Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 113–276, §208(b)(2)(B), which directed substitution of "credits)" for "credits", was executed by making the substitution for "credits" after "participations in", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 113–276, §206(2), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "any license in effect with respect to the export of defense articles or defense services to or for the armed forces, police, intelligence, or other internal security forces of a foreign country under section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act."
2013—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 113–4 added subsec. (i) relating to child marriage status.
2010—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 111–166 added subsec. (i) relating to report on status of freedom of the press in recipient countries.
2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–332 inserted after fourth sentence of introductory provisions "Wherever applicable, a description of the nature and extent of acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement that occur, including the descriptions of such acts required under section 2151n(d)(8) of this title."
2002—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–228, §683(b), in introductory provisions, inserted after sixth sentence "Each report under this section shall also include (i) wherever applicable, a description of the nature and extent of the compulsory recruitment and conscription of individuals under the age of 18 by armed forces of the government of the country, government-supported paramilitaries, or other armed groups, the participation of such individuals in such groups, and the nature and extent that such individuals take a direct part in hostilities, (ii) what steps, if any, taken by the government of the country to eliminate such practices, and (iii) such other information related to the use by such government of individuals under the age of 18 as soldiers, as determined to be appropriate by the Secretary of State."
Pub. L. 107–228, §665(b), in introductory provisions, inserted after fourth sentence "Such report shall also include, for each country with respect to which the report indicates that extrajudicial killings, torture, or other serious violations of human rights have occurred in the country, the extent to which the United States has taken or will take action to encourage an end to such practices in the country."
2000—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106–386 added subsec. (h).
1999—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–113, in introductory provisions, inserted after first sentence "Wherever applicable, such report shall include consolidated information regarding the commission of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and evidence of acts that may constitute genocide (as defined in article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide and modified by the United States instrument of ratification to that convention and section 2(a) of the Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 1987)." and inserted after fourth sentence "Each report under this section shall describe the extent to which each country has extended protection to refugees, including the provision of first asylum and resettlement."
1998—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 105–292, §421(b), added par. (4).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–292, §102(d)(2), in introductory provisions, inserted "and with the assistance of the Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom" after "Labor" and "Such report shall also include, wherever applicable, information on violations of religious freedom, including particularly severe violations of religious freedom (as defined in section 6402 of this title)." after "sterilization."
1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–319 inserted "Each report under this section shall list the votes of each member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on all country-specific and thematic resolutions voted on at the Commission's annual session during the period covered during the preceding year." after second sentence.
1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–236 substituted "Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor" for "Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted "Foreign Affairs" for "International Relations" in introductory provisions.
1987—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–204 inserted after first sentence "Wherever applicable, such report shall include information on practices regarding coercion in population control, including coerced abortion and involuntary sterilization."
1985—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–64 inserted "and the chairman of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate (when licenses are to be issued pursuant to the Export Administration Act of 1979)."
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–83 added subsec. (g).
1983—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 98–151 inserted "or part VIII (antiterrorism assistance)".
1980—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–533, §704, substituted "Export Administration Act of 1979" for "Export Administration Act of 1969".
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 96–533, §701(b), defined "gross violations of internationally recognized human rights" to include causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction and clandestine detention of those persons.
1979—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–53 added subsec. (e).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–92 added subsec. (f).
1978—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 95–384, §6(a), substituted "The United States shall" for "It is the policy of the United States", "throughout the world" for "for all", and "Accordingly" for "To this end".
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–384, §6(b), (d)(1), (e), substituted "Except" for "It is further the policy of the United States that, except" and inserted provisions prohibiting security assistance, including crime control and detection instruments, from being provided to police, domestic intelligence, or other police forces of governments which the executive branch determines are guilty of a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights and prohibiting assistance under part V of this subchapter to a country the government of which, as determined by the executive branch, is engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 95–384, §6(c), substituted "paragraphs (1) and (2)," for "the foregoing policy".
Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 95–384, §§10(b)(1), 12(b), substituted "(economic support fund)" for "(security supporting assistance)", inserted "or part VI (peacekeeping operations)" after "and training)", and struck out "or subchapter V (assistance to the Middle East) of this chapter" after "of this subchapter".
1977—Subsecs. (b), (c)(1). Pub. L. 95–105 substituted "Assistant Secretary of State" for "Coordinator".
1976—Pub. L. 94–329 restricted the power of the President by eliminating the extraordinary circumstances exception to termination of assistance for gross violations of recognized human rights, directed the Secretary of State, as part of the presentation materials for an assistance program, to transmit a full and complete report to Congress on the human rights practices of the proposed recipient country and, within 30 days of a request by Congress, to supply information concerning the human rights practices of a country receiving assistance for determination as to whether the assistance should be continued, restricted, or terminated, and defined "security assistance".
2 So in original. Probably should be "Arms".
4 So in original. Two subsecs. (i) have been enacted.
§2305. National Security Assistance Strategy
The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(9), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§2751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.
The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsecs. (b)(9) and (c)(2), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter. Chapter 5 of part II of the Act is classified generally to part V (§2347 et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.
Section was enacted as part of the Security Assistance Act of 2000, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.
Pub. L. 106–280, §2, Oct. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 846, provided that: "In this Act [see Short Title of 2000 Amendments note set out under section 2151 of this title], the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives."