Source: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/52/part/III/crossheading/time-off-for-trade-union-duties-and-activities
Timestamp: 2019-02-19 16:20:16
Document Index: 349713889

Matched Legal Cases: ['art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 3', 'art. 2', 'art. 3', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 3', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 3', 'art. 3', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 3', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 3', 'art. 2']

Time off for trade...
Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, Cross Heading: Time off for trade union duties and activities is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 19 February 2019. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.
Time off for trade union duties and activitiesE+W+S
168 Time off for carrying out trade union duties.E+W+S
(1)An employer shall permit an employee of his who is an official of an independent trade union recognised by the employer to take time off during his working hours for the purpose of carrying out any duties of his, as such an official, concerned with—
(2)He shall also permit such an employee to take time off during his working hours for the purpose of undergoing training in aspects of industrial relations—
F1S. 168(1)(c) and preceding word inserted (28.7.1999) by The Collective Redundancies and Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/1925), reg. 14
F2Words in s. 168(1)(c) substituted (6.4.2006) by The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/246), reg. 20, Sch. 2 para. 1(e) (with reg. 21(1))
F3S. 168(1)(d)(e) and preceding word inserted (6.4.2006) by The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/246), reg. 9(4) (with reg. 21(1))
F4Words in s. 168(4) substituted (1.8.1998) by 1998 c. 8, s. 1(2)(a) (with s. 16(2)); S.I. 1998/1658, art. 2(1), Sch. 1
C1S. 168(3)(4) applied (4.9.2000) by 1999 c. 26, s. 10(7) (with s. 15); S.I. 2000/242, art. 2(1) (with transitional provisions in arts. 3, 4)
C2S. 168(3)(4) applied (1.10.2006) by The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/1031), reg. 47, Sch. 6 para. 9(6) (with regs. 44-46, Sch. 7)
C3S. 168(3)(4) applied (6.4.2010) by The Employee Study and Training (Procedural Requirements) Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/155), regs. 1, 16(8)
[F5168A Time off for union learning representativesE+W+S
(11)For the purposes of this section, a person is a learning representative of a trade union if he is appointed or elected as such in accordance with its rules.]
F5S. 168A inserted (27.4.2003) by Employment Act 2002 (c. 22), ss. 43(2), 55(2); S.I. 2003/1190, art. 2(1) (with art. 3)
169 Payment for time off under section 168.E+W+S
(1)An employer who permits an employee to take time off under section 168 [F6or 168A] shall pay him for the time taken off pursuant to the permission.
(2)Where the employee’s remuneration for the work he would ordinarily have been doing during that time does not vary with the amount of work done, he shall be paid as if he had worked at that work for the whole of that time.
(3)Where the employee’s remuneration for the work he would ordinarily have been doing during that time varies with the amount of work done, he shall be paid an amount calculated by reference to the average hourly earnings for that work.
The average hourly earnings shall be those of the employee concerned or, if no fair estimate can be made of those earnings, the average hourly earnings for work of that description of persons in comparable employment with the same employer or, if there are no such persons, a figure of average hourly earnings which is reasonable in the circumstances.
(4)A right to be paid an amount under this section does not affect any right of an employee in relation to remuneration under his contract of employment, but—
(a)any contractual remuneration paid to an employee in respect of a period of time off to which this section applies shall go towards discharging any liability of the employer under this section in respect of that period, and
(b)any payment under this section in respect of a period shall go towards discharging any liability of the employer to pay contractual remuneration in respect of that period.
(5)An employee may present a complaint to an [F7employment tribunal] that his employer has failed to pay him in accordance with this section.
F6Word in s. 169(1) inserted (27.4.2003) by 2002 c. 22, ss. 43(3), 55(2); S.I. 2003/1190, art. 2(1) (with art. 3)
F7Words in s. 169(5) substituted (1.8.1998) by 1998 c. 8, s. 1(2)(a) (with s. 16(2)); S.I. 1998/1658, art. 2(1), Sch. 1
C4S. 169 applied (4.9.2000) by 1999 c. 26, s. 10(7) (with s. 15); S.I. 2000/2424, art. 2 (with transitional provisions in arts. 3, 4)
C5S. 169 applied (1.10.2006) by The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/1031), reg. 47, Sch. 6 para. 9 (with regs. 44-46, Sch. 7)
C6S. 169 applied (6.4.2010) by The Employee Study and Training (Procedural Requirements) Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/155), regs. 1, 16(8)
170 Time off for trade union activities.E+W+S
(1)An employer shall permit an employee of his who is a member of an independent trade union recognised by the employer in respect of that description of employee to take time off during his working hours for the purpose of taking part in—
(a)any activities of the union, and
(b)any activities in relation to which the employee is acting as a representative of the union.
(2)The right conferred by subsection (1) does not extent to activities which themselves consist of industrial action, whether or not in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute.
[F8(2A)The right conferred by subsection (1) does not extend to time off for the purpose of acting as, or having access to services provided by, a learning representative of a trade union.
(2C)Subsection (2B) only applies if the learning representative would be entitled to time off under subsection (1) of section 168A for the purpose of carrying on in relation to the employee activities of the kind mentioned in subsection (2) of that section.]
(4)An employee may present a complaint to an [F9employment tribunal] that his employer has failed to permit him to take time off as required by this section.
[F10(5)For the purposes of this section—
(b)a person who is a learning representative of a trade union acts as such if he carries on the activities mentioned in section 168A(2) in that capacity.]
F8S. 170(2A)-(2C) inserted (27.4.2003) by 2002 c. 22, ss. 43(4), 55(2); S.I. 2003/1190, art. 2(1) (with art. 3)
F9Words in s. 170(4) substituted (1.8.1998) by 1998 c. 8, s. 1(2)(a) (with s. 16(2)); S.I. 1998/1658, art. 2(1), Sch. 1
F10S. 170(5) inserted (27.4.2003) by 2002 c. 22, ss. 43(5), 55(2); S.I. 2003/1190, art. 2(1) (with art. 3)
171 Time limit for proceedings.E+W+S
[F11(1)] An [F12employment tribunal] shall not consider a complaint under section 168, [F13168A,] 169 or 170 unless it is presented to the tribunal—
(a)within three months of the date when the failure occurred, or
[F14(2)Section 292A (extension of time limits to facilitate conciliation before institution of proceedings) applies for the purposes of subsection (1)(a).]
F11S. 171 renumbered as s. 171(1) (6.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 2 para. 9(2); S.I. 2014/253, art. 3(g)
F12Words in s. 171 substituted (1.8.1998) by 1998 c. 8, s. 1(2)(a) (with s. 16(2)); S.I. 1998/1658, art. 2(1), Sch. 1
F13Word in s. 171 inserted (27.4.2003) by 2002 c. 22, ss. 53, 55(2), Sch. 7 para. 19; S.I. 2003/1190, art. 2(2)
F14S. 171(2) inserted (6.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 2 para. 9(3); S.I. 2014/253, art. 3(g)
C7S. 171 applied (4.9.2000) by 1999 c. 26, s. 10(7), (with s. 15); S.I. 2000/2242, art. 2 (with transitional provisions in arts. 3, 4)
C8S. 171 applied (1.10.2006) by The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/1031), reg. 47, Sch. 6 para. 9 (with regs. 44-46, Sch. 7)
C9Ss. 171-173 applied (6.4.2010) by The Employee Study and Training (Procedural Requirements) Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/155), regs. 1, 16(8)
172 Remedies.E+W+S
(1)Where the tribunal finds a complaint under section 168 [F15, 168A] or 170 is well-founded, it shall make a declaration to that effect and may make an award of compensation to be paid by the employer to the employee.
(2)The amount of the compensation shall be such as the tribunal considers just and equitable in all the circumstances having regard to the employer’s default in failing to permit time off to be taken by the employee and to any loss sustained by the employee which is attributable to the matters complained of.
(3)Where on a complaint under section 169 the tribunal finds that the employer has failed to pay the employee in accordance with that section, it shall order him to pay the amount which it finds to be due.
F15Word in s. 172(1) inserted (27.4.2003) by 2002 c. 22, ss. 53, 55(2), Sch. 7 para. 20; S.I. 2003/1190, art. 2(2)
C10S. 172 applied (4.9.2000) by 1999 c. 26 s. 10(7) (with s. 15); S.I. 2000/2242, art. 2 (with transitional provisions in arts. 3, 4)
C11S. 172 applied (1.10.2006) by The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/1031), reg. 47, Sch. 6 para. 9 (with regs. 44-46, Sch. 7)
[F16172APublication requirements in relation to facility timeE+W+S
(1)A Minister of the Crown may by regulations made by statutory instrument require relevant public sector employers to publish any information within subsection (3).
(2)An employer is a relevant public sector employer if the employer—
(a)is a public authority specified, or of a description specified, in the regulations, and
(b)has at least one employee who is a relevant union official.
[F17(2A)But regulations under subsection (1) may not specify—
(a)a devolved Welsh authority, or
(b)a description of public authority that applies to a devolved Welsh authority.]
(3)The information that is within this subsection is information relating to facility time for relevant union officials including, in particular—
(a)how many of an employer's employees are relevant union officials, or relevant union officials within specified categories;
(b)the total amount spent by an employer in a specified period on paying relevant union officials for facility time, or for specified categories of facility time;
(c)the percentage of an employer's total pay bill for a specified period spent on paying relevant union officials for facility time, or for specified categories of facility time;
(d)the percentage of the aggregate amount of facility time taken by an employer's relevant union officials in a specified period that was attributable to specified categories of duties or activities;
(e)information relating to facilities provided by an employer for use by relevant union officials in connection with facility time.
(4)In subsection (3) “specified” means specified in the regulations.
(5)The regulations may make provision—
(a)as to the times or intervals at which the information is to be published;
(b)as to the form in which the information is to be published.
(6)The regulations may make different provision for different employers or different categories of employer.
(7)In this section a “relevant union official” means—
(a)a trade union official;
(b)a learning representative of a trade union, within the meaning given by section 168A(11);
(c)a safety representative appointed under regulations made under section 2(4) of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974.
(8)In this section “facility time” means time off taken by a relevant union official that is permitted by the official's employer under—
(a)section 168, section 168A or section 170(1)(b);
(b)section 10(6) of the Employment Relations Act 1999;
(c)regulations made under section 2(4) of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974.
(9)The regulations may provide, in relation to a body or other person that is not a public authority but has functions of a public nature and is funded wholly or mainly from public funds, that the body or other person is to be treated as a public authority for the purposes of subsection (2).
(10)The regulations may make provision specifying the person or other entity that is to be treated for the purposes of this section as the employer of a relevant union official who is employed by the Crown.
(11)The regulations may—
(a)deem a category of persons holding an office or employment under the Crown (or two or more such categories taken together) to be an entity for the purposes of provision made under subsection (10);
(b)make different provision under subsection (10) for different categories of persons holding an office or employment under the Crown.
(12)No regulations containing provision made by virtue of subsection (9) shall be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing them has been laid before Parliament and approved by a resolution of each House.
(13)Regulations under this section to which subsection (12) does not apply shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.]
F16S. 172A inserted (1.3.2017) by Trade Union Act 2016 (c. 15), ss. 13, 25(1); S.I. 2017/139, reg. 2(k)
F17S. 172A(2A) inserted (E.W.) (13.9.2017) by Trade Union (Wales) Act 2017 (anaw 4), ss. 1(3), 3; S.I. 2017/903, art. 2
173 Intepretation and other supplementary provisions.E+W+S
(1)For the purposes of sections 168 [F18, 168A] and 170 the working hours of an employee shall be taken to be any time when in accordance with his contract of employment he is required to be at work.
(2)The remedy of an employee for infringement of the rights conferred on him by section 168, [F19168A,] 169 or 170 is by way of complaint to an [F20employment tribunal] in accordance with this Part, and not otherwise.
[F21(3)The Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument amend section 168A for the purpose of changing the purposes for which an employee may take time off under that section.
F21(4)No order may be made under subsection (3) unless a draft of the order has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament.]
F18Word in s. 173(1) inserted (27.4.2003) by 2002 c. 22, ss. 53, 55(2), Sch. 7 para. 21(a); S.I. 2003/1190, art. 2(2)
F19Word in s. 173(1) inserted (27.4.2003) by 2002 c. 22, ss. 53, 55(2), Sch. 7 para. 21(a); S.I. 2003/1190, art. 2(2)
F20Words in s. 173(2) substituted (1.8.1998) by 1998 c. 8, s. 1(2)(a) (with s. 16(2)); S.I. 1998/1658, art. 2(1), Sch. 1
F21S. 173(3)(4) inserted (27.4.2003) by 2002 c. 22, ss. 43(6), 55(2); S.I. 2003/1190, art. 2(1) (with art. 3)
C12S. 173 applied (4.9.2000) by 1999 c. 26, s. 10(7),(with s. 15); S.I. 2000/2242, art. 2 (with transitional provisions in arts. 3, 4)
C13S. 173 applied (1.10.2006) by The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/1031), reg. 47, Sch. 6 para. 9 (with regs. 44-46, Sch. 7)