Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US7924693?oq=7%2C403%2C220
Timestamp: 2018-03-18 11:49:16
Document Index: 415236508

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 120', 'Application No. 4', 'Application No. 4', 'Application No. 4', 'Application No. 5', '§ 119', 'art 12', 'arts 12']

US7924693B2 - Optical disk and optical disk drive device - Google Patents
US7924693B2
US7924693B2 US11514845 US51484506A US7924693B2 US 7924693 B2 US7924693 B2 US 7924693B2 US 11514845 US11514845 US 11514845 US 51484506 A US51484506 A US 51484506A US 7924693 B2 US7924693 B2 US 7924693B2
Expired - Fee Related, expires 2013-12-15
US11514845
US20070002701A1 (en )
Hiroyuki Ohata
Teruo Furukawa
Masafumi Ototake
G11B2020/1245—CLV zone, in which a constant linear velocity is used
An optical disk physical has a recording region divided into zones, each zone including physical tracks adjacent to each other. An integer number of sectors are provided in each physical track. The angular recording density is higher in the more outward zones such that the linear recording density is substantially constant throughout the recording region, and logical tracks are formed of a predetermined number of sectors, independent of the physical tracks. The conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from a host device is easy. The addresses written in headers of the sectors in the logical track in which data are actually recorded, including substitute sectors used in place of defect sectors, are preferably consecutive to further facilitate the conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from the host device. Each of the zones can be set to serve as any of the different types of recording area independently of other zones.
This application is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 10/263,905 filed on Oct. 4, 2002, which is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 09/824,228 filed on Apr. 3, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,529,451 which is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 09/708,578, filed on Nov. 9, 2000 and issued on Aug. 13, 2002 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,434,099, which is a Divisional of Ser. No. 09/541,695 filed Apr. 3, 2000 now U.S. Pat No. 6,526,019 which is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 09/433,023, filed on Nov. 3, 1999 and issued on May 8, 2001 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,229,784, which is a Divisional Application of Ser. No. 09/335,050 filed on Jun. 16, 1999 and issued on Nov. 21, 2000 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,151,292, which is a Divisional Application of application Ser. No. 09/148,798 filed on Sep. 4, 1998 and issued on Sep. 14, 1999 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,953,309, which is a Divisional Application of application Ser. No. 08/914,782, filed Aug. 20, 1997 and issued on Oct. 20, 1998 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,825,728, which is a Divisional Application of application Ser. No. 08/718,263, filed on Sep. 20, 1996 and issued on Feb. 10, 1998 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,717,683, which is a Divisional Application of application Ser. No. 08/128,193, filed Sep. 29, 1993 and issued on Jan. 7, 1997 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,452 and for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. § 120; and this application claims priority of Application No. 4-265893 filed in Japan on Oct. 5, 1992; Application No. 4-272673 filed in Japan on Oct. 12, 1992; Application No. 4-325319 filed in Japan on Dec. 4, 1992; and Application No. 5-238354 filed in Japan on Sep. 24, 1993, under 35 U.S.C. § 119; the entire contents of all are hereby incorporated by reference.
Known optical disks of the type having a storage capacity of 1 GB on each surface have a format proposed in ECMA/TC31/92/36. According to this proposal, the recording surface of the optical disk is divided into a plurality of zones equally, i.e., such that the numbers of the physical tracks in the respective zones are substantially equal. The number of zones depends on the size of the sector. If each sector consists of 512 bytes, the number of the zones is 54. If each sector consists of 1024 bytes. The number of the zones is 30.
The number of sectors in each physical track differs from one zone to another as described above. A complex algorithm is needed for indexing the physical location of the target sector then for instance the optical disk is used as a SCSI device, and is supplied with linear (consecutive-integer-numbered) logical addresses. Moreover, the data field in each sector in an innermost physical track of a certain zone and the header field in each sector in an outermost physical track of another zone next to and inside of the first-mentioned zone may be adjacent to each other, with the result that the crosstalk from the header field may degrade the quality of the data read from the data field. This is because the information in the header field is written in the form of pit (embossment) and has a greater degree of modulataion, causing a greater crosstalk, while the information in the data field is magneto-optically written and has a smaller degree of modulation. In this connection, it is noted that within each zone, header fields in all the tracks are radially aligned and data fields in all the tracks are radially aligned, so that a header field and a data field will not be adjacent to each other.
The addresses written in headers if the sectors in the logical track in which data are actually recorded, including substitute sectors used in place of defect sectors, are preferably consecutive to further facilitate the conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from the host device.
A predetermined number of bits from the head of the address for each sector represent a virtual logical track. Since the virtual track address is always predetermined number of bits, the compatibiliy with the convention optical disk drive devices is improved. For instance, according to the conventional optical disk standard, the PEP region (phase encoding part where the physical properties of the disk or the conditions under which the writing is to be performed are written) has a region for track addresses of only 16 bits. To be compatible with such a standard, 16 bits from the MSB are taken as the virtual track address.
Where a rewritable area and a write-once area are both provided in a single disk. It is preferable that a rewritable area is provided outside of a write-once area. This improves the overall performance of the disk. This is because the rewritable area is more frequently accessed than the write-once area, and the data transfer is rate is higher in the more outward zones.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an optical disk drive device for use in combination with an optical disk comprising a recording region, physical tracks in said recording region each corresponding to one revolution, said recording region being divided into a plurality of zones by one or more circular boundary lines centered on the center of the disk, each zone comprising a plurality of tracks adjacent to each other, wherein an integer number of sectors are provided in each physical track, the angular recording density is higher in the more outward zones such that the linear recording density is substantially constant throughout the recording region, and logical tracks are formed of a predetermined number of sectors, independent of the physical track, said optical disk drive device determining the logical track address and the sector address responsive to a linear logical address by determining the integral quotient and the remainder by dividing the linear logical by the number of the sectors per logical track.
A first embodiment, Embodiment 1, will not be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. FIGS. 1 and 2 show the structure of an optical disk of Embodiment 1. A spiral guide groove is formed on an optical disk 2. A light spot 3 is formed by focusing a light beam from a light source, not shown, onto a land part 12 between adjacent parts of the guide groove. Each header field 4 comprises a sector address field 5 and a track address field 6. The header fields 4 are in the form of pits in the land parts 12 formed by embossment or stamping when the disk is fabricated. That is, the header fields 4 are preformatted. The data fields 7 are written magneto-optically. The information in the form of pits in the header fields 4 and the information magneto-optically recorded in the data fields 7 are read by means of the same light beam. Each sector 8 comprises a header field 4 and a data field 7.
During reading, the frequency of the clock is also switched when the read/write head is moved from one zone to another zone.
S/Z: the number of sectors in the zone=S/R×PT/Z
Another embodiment, Embodiment 2, will next be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 illustrates a part of the optical disk of Embodiment 2, and FIG. 7 is a table showing a physical track structure of the optical disk of Embodiment 2. As illustrated in FIG. 6, in the vicinity of the boundary of adjacent zones, at least one physical track 14, 15 of each of the adjacent zones are designated as guard tracks, which the user cannot use for recording data. In addition, at least one physical track 16 in each zone is designated as a test track, which the user cannot use for recording data. In the illustrated example, the innermost physical track in each zone is designated as a guard tracks 14, an outermost physical track is designated as the test track 16, and the physical track next to the outermost guard track 16 is designated as another guard track 15.
Designating the physical track between the guard tracks 14 and 15 in the vicinity of each boundary between zones as the test track 16 is advantageous because, with such an arrangement, even when an excessive power is used for according in the test track this does not affect the tracks used for recording.
FIG. 8 shows the logical track structure for solving the above problem. The marks which are at the top parts of the respective columns and which are identical to those in FIG. 5 or 7 have the same means as those in FIG. 5 or 7. “DUM” denotes the number of sectors remaining after assigning the logical tracks, “Δ DUM” denotes the difference in DUM between adjacent zones, and “RES” denotes the sum of DUM and G+T.
As seen from FIG. 8, the difference in the number of the logical tracks, LT/G, between adjacent revolution groups is of a constant number, e.g., 43, and the three physical tracks are reserved for the guard tracks and the rest track, and the number of the remaining sectors, DUM, is of a constant number, e.g., “6” in the illustrated example. Accordingly, the physical location of the sector can be determined through calculation using a formula in which the number of the remaining sectors, DUM, is incorporated, and it is not necessary to provide a table storing the number of remaining sectors of the respective revolution groups, which were necessary when the number of the remaining sectors differ from one revolution group to another.
FIGS. 9 and 10 shows logical track structures for solving the above problems of Embodiment 3. FIG. 9 shows a case in which each sector consists of 1024 bytes, while FIG. 10 shows a case in which each sector consists of 512 bytes. In each of FIGS. 9 and 10, the total number of sectors in each revolution group corresponds to an integer number of logical tracks, and the difference in the number of logical tracks between adjacent revolution groups is a constant number, which is “176” in FIG. 9. or “54” in FIG. 10.
Another embodiment, Embodiment 5, will next be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. In this embodiment, each sector consists of 1024 bytes. The structure of the disk is identical to that shorn in FIGS. 1 to 3, but the header field of each sector differs from that of FIG. 1. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, it has two header sections 4 a and 4 b. Each of the header sections 4 a and 4 b comprises a track address field 6, a sector address field 5 and an ID field 21. Identical addresses are recorded in the track address fields 6 and the sector address fields 5 in the two header sections 4 a and 4 b. The addresses indicate the sector of which the header sections 4 a and 4 b form a part. The identical addresses are written in duplicate in order to improve the reliability. A binary “0” is written in the ID field 21 in the first header section 4 a, and a binary “1” is written in the ID field 21 in the second header section 4 b. The ID field 21 in each header section 4 a or 4 b thereby identifies the header section, i.e., whether it is the first header section or the second header section in each sector.
FIG. 12 shows the logical track structure. The marks which are at the top parts of the respective columns and which are identical to those in FIG. 5, 7 or 8 have the same meanings as those in FIGS. 5, 7 and 8. “S/LT” denotes the number of sectors per logical track. The arrangement of the tracks as shown is generally identical to that of FIG. 5 but differs from that of FIG. 5 in the following respects: First, the number of zones if not 31 as in FIG. 5, but is 30. Each zone has 752 physical tracks. Each logical track has 2n sectors. In the illustrated example n=4 so that 2n=24=16 sectors.
Another embodiment, Embodiment 6, will next be descried with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. Each sector consists of 1024 bytes, like Embodiment 5. As illustrated in FIG. 13, each of the zones Nos. 0 to 29 comprises 768 physical tracks 10, and each logical track consists of 128 sectors. Addresses are written in duplicate. FIG. 14 shows header sections 4 a and 4 b. The track address 6 is composed of 16 bits and is used to represent a value of from “0” to “23040”. The sector address 5 is composed of 7 bits and is used to represent a value of from “0” to “127”. The ID field is composed of a single bit and is used to represent “0” or “1”.
Another embodiment, Embodiment 7, will next be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16. This embodiment relates to an optical disk drive device, and in particular to its operation for accessing the target sector on an optical disk having been loaded onto the drive device. FIG. 15 shows an optical disk drive device 31 used for writing in and reading from optical disks, and a host device 32 connected to the optical disk drive device 31. The optical disk 2 is actually loaded in the optical disk device 31 but is shown to be placed outside the device 31 for the sake of convenience of illustration. The host device 32 provided commands for writing on or reading from the optical disk 2, together with the designation of the address on or from which the writing or reading is to be conducted. The address is a linear address.
FIG. 16 shows the seek operation. The drive device 31 first reads the logical track address of the currently-accessed track, i.e., the logical track which the read/write head of the optical disk drive device is not confronting or accessing (102). Then, on the basis of the track number having been read, the zone to which the currently-accessed logical track belongs, is identified, that is the zone number is determined (104). Then, the physical location of the logical track of which the address has been read is determined (106). Then, the linear logical address from the host device 32 is converted into the logical track address (108). Then, the zone number of the zone to which the target logical track belongs is determined (110). Then, the physical location of the target sector is determined (112). Then, the number of physical tracks which lie between and the currently-accessed track and the target position, i.e., which have to be traversed for the seek operation, is determined, taking into consideration the zone number (114). Then, the head is moved for traversing the number of physical tracks, that is determined to lie between the currently-accessed track and the target position (116). The above operation is repeated until the target track is reached (118).
ZN×{LT/G ZN=0+(LT/G ZN=0 −ΔLT/G×ZN)}/2=17×At+(the number of remaining sectors as stored in the table).
Thus, the correction using the number of remaining sectora as stored in the table is not required. It is therefore not necessary to provide such a table for the determination of the zone number at the step 104 or 110.
Another embodiment, Embodiment 8 will next be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18. This embodiment relates to an optical disk drive device, and in particular to its operation for adjusting the power of the laser beam used for writing. Such adjustment is conducted prior to the actual writing, e.g., when the drive device is turned on FIG. 17 is a block diagram shoving the function of the drive device. As illustrated, the drive device 31, which may be connected to a host device as shown in FIG. 15, comprises a controller 33 provided with a CPU, a ROM and a RAM, a recording circuit 34, a laser controller 35, a read/write head 36 with a built-in semiconductor laser, a reproducing circuit 37, and an evaluation circuit 38. The controller 33 is responsive to commands from the host device 32 for sending control signals to various parts of the device 31 to conduct the writing power adjustment. It outputs a designation of the initial value of the writing power. The recording circuit 34 conducts recording of test data responsive to the control signals from the controller 33. That is, it provides the data used for the recording for the purpose of power adjustment. The laser controller 35 modulates the test data supplied from the recording circuit 34 and supplies the modulated test data to the read/write head 36. It sets the laser power to the initial value designated by the controller 33. The read/write head 36 records the test data on the disk 2 with the power that is set by the laser controller 35. The read/write head 36 also reads the test data having been recorded. The reproducing circuit 37 demodulates the test data read by the read/write head 36. The evaluation circuit 38 evaluates the fidelity of the reproduced data with respect to the test data output from the recording circuit 34. That is, it determines the error rate in the reproduced data, and evaluates the quality of reproduced data. On the basis of the evaluation, the controller 33 varies the set value of the writing power. The above described steps are repeated to obtain the optimum writing power.
FIG. 18 shows the above-described procedure for determining the optimum writing power. First an initial value of the writing power is set (202), and the writing is conducted with the initial value (204). Then, the test data having been written is reproduced (206). Then, the quality of the reproduced data is evaluated (208). If the quality is found satisfactory, the process is terminated. If not, judgment is made whether the power is too large or too small (210). If the power is found too large, the set value of the power is lowered (212). If the power is found too small, the set value is raised (214). Then, the process is returned to the step 204. The above-described steps are repeated until the quality of the reproduced data is found satisfactory.
The 0-th to 21st bytes in the table are for information relating to defect management, and are not directly relevant to the invention, so that their illustration and description are omitted. The 22nd to 51st bytes are for identifying the type of each of the zones Nos. 0 to 29. The “type” as meant here is either the R/W (read/write or rewritable) type, the WO (write once) type or the O-ROM (fully embossed or read-only) type, as described above. The value “01” in the row of each byte indicates that the corresponding zone is of the R/W type. “02” in the row of each byte indicates that the corresponding zone is of the O-ROM type, and “03” in the row of each byte indicates that the corresponding zone is of the WO type. “/” between “01”, “02” and “03” signifies “or”.
When the disk is of the R/W type, the 22nd to 51st bytes are all set to “01”. When the disk is of the WO type, the 22nd to 51st bytes are all set to “03”. When the disk is of the O-ROM type, the 22nd to 52st bytes are all set to “02”. When the disk is of the P-ROM type (i.e., the disk comprises one or more zones of the R/W type and one or more zones of the O-ROM type), the bytes corresponding to the R/W type zones are set to “01”, while the bytes corresponding to the O-ROM type zones are set to “02”.
When the disk is of the WO+O-ROM type (i.e., the disk comprises one or more zones of the WO type and one or more zones of the O ROM type, the bytes corresponding to the WO type zones are set to “03”, while the bytes corresponding to the O-ROM type zones are set to “02”.
When the disk of of the R/W+WO+O-ROM type (i.e., the disk comprises one or more zones of the R/W type, one or more zones of the WO type, and one or more zones of O-ROM type), the bytes corresponding to the R/W type zones are set to “01”. the bytes corresponding to the WO type zones are set to “03, and the bytes corresponding to the O-ROM type are set to “02”.
Another embodiment, Embodiment 10, will next be described with reference ti FIG. 21. As described earlier, the disk is rotated at a constant angular velocity in use, and the frequency of the clocks used for recording and reading is switched depending on the zone in which the read/write head is accessing. Where the disk contains the R/W type zone or zones, the WO type zone or zones, and the O-ROM type zone or zones, the R/W zone or zones are placed in the outermost part of the disk, the O-ROM type zone or zones are placed in the innermost part of the disk and the WO type zone or zones are placed in the intermediate part of the disk, as illustrated in FIG. 21. The reason is, that the data transfer rate is higher in the more outward zones, so that the more outward zones are assigned for the type of the recording zones which are more frequently accessed. In the above described situation, the R/W type is most frequency accessed because three types of operations, i.e., reading, writing and erasing operations are performed, so that the outermost part of the disk is allocated to the R/W type zones. The WO type zone or zones are accessed more frequently than the O-ROM type because the former additionally permits the writing operation, although only once. The W/O type zones are therefor placed more outward than the O-ROM type zones.
Another embodiment, Embodiment 11, will next be described with reference to FIG. 22. The disk is basically of the sane structure as that of the Embodiment 10, but it only contains the R/W type zone or zones and the WO type zone or zones. The R/W type zone or zones are placed more outward than the W/O type zone or zones, because R/W zones are more frequently accessed.
In this embodiment, the recording region is entirely of the R/W type when fabricated. However, the area denoted as “vacant” is initially inaccessible. The drive device 31 has the function of altering the attributes of the zones written in the management table. This function is performed by executing a command A. When the drive device 31 receives the command A from the host device 32, the attributes of the zones designated by the command A are altered to “WO”. At the same time, the zones which have been inaccessible are altered to accessible R/W zones (as indicated by B). The zones having been altered to WO type, permits writing of data once, and after that the data cannot be altered. That is this part is now like ROM type part. The R/W part, which have been altered from inaccessible part, now permits writing and reading. Thus, a disk having the same function as P-ROM is obtained.
A procedure for control for executing a back-up command is shown in FIG. 27. First, when the drive device 31 receives the command from a host device (302), it determines whether it is an inquiry on capacity, a read/write command, or a back-up command (304). If it is the inquiry, the an answer indicating the capacity of the R/W area is sent to the host device (306). If it is, the read/write command (308), judgement is then made whether the read/write head is accessing an R/W area (310), and if the answer is affirmative, the command is executed (312). If it is the back-up command (314), a message indicating that the execution of the command is completed is sent to the host device (316), and the data in the R/W area is copied into the WO area (320), when it is found that the host device is not accessing. If necessary, the attributes of the zones are altered to “R/W” (318) prior to the copying, and returned to “WO” (322) after the copying. In FIG. 26, the back-up command is indicated by E, and the alteration of the attributes in the table is indicated by F and H, and the copying of the data is indicated by G.
Another embodiment, Embodiment 16, will next be described. This embodiment also relates to an optical disk drive device capable of latering the attributes of the zones. The embodiment is similar to Embodiment 15. The optical disk 2 permits recording on both sides or surfaces. The drive device 31 has the function of reading from and writing on both surfaces of the disk without turning the disk 2 upside down. A first surface is entirely an R/W area, while a second surface is entirely a WO area. By the same procedure shown in FIG. 27, the back-up command is executed. That is, responsive to a back-up command (I), the attributes of the second surface is altered to R/W (J), the data on the first surface is copied to the second surface (K), and the attributes of the second surface is returned to (L). Because the second surface is returned to WO after the copying, the data having been copied into the second surface is not destroyed by a device which does not have the function of altering the attribute.
a region for recording information pertaining to a plurality of sectors, said plurality of sectors are assigned sequentially numbered addresses using binary digits;
wherein a logical track, as a unit for an access operation, is formed by no more and no less than 2n sectors, where n is an integer greater than 1;
wherein said region comprises plural types of area, including at least two of the following zone types: a rewritable type, a write-once type, and a read-only type, and each zone of said region comprises logical tracks.
2. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein 4≦n≦7.
3. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein portions of each address for each sector are provided in different locations on the optical disk.
4. An optical disk according to claim 2, wherein portions of each address for each sector are provided in different locations on the optical disk.
5. An optical disk drive for use with an optical disk according to claim 1;
wherein said optical disk drive includes a controller with a processor, the controller determines an order of sectors in the logical track by extracting a predetermined number of bits from an end of the address associated with each sector.
wherein a logical track, as a unit for an access operation, is formed on said region by no more and no less than 2n sectors, where n is an integer greater than 1;
wherein said region has an attribute associated therewith, and
said attribute indicates whether said region permits rewriting.
7. An optical disk according to claim 6, wherein 4≦n≦7.
8. An optical disk according to claim 6, wherein portions of each address for each sector are provided in different locations on the optical disk.
9. An optical disk according to claim 7, wherein portions of each address for each sector are provided in different locations on the optical disk.
10. An optical disk drive for use with an optical disk according to claim 6;
wherein said optical disk drive includes a controller with a processor, the controller determines an order of sectors in the logical track by using a predetermined number of bits from an end of the address associated with each sector.
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1st Draft Proposed Standard ECMA, "Information Technology—230 MB Capacity 90 mm Optical Disk Cartridges, Rewritable and Read Only, for Data Interchange", Jan. 1993.
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2nd Draft Proposed Standard ECMA, "Data Inter Change on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges of the Read Only and Rewritable Type—Extended Capacity—", Mar. 1992.
3rd Draft Proposal Standard ECMA, "Information Interchange on Second Generation 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges, Rewritable and Worm, Using the Magneto- Optical Effect, and Read Only", Sep. 1992.
4th Draft Proposed Standard ECMA, "Data Interchange on 130 mm Optical Disk Cartridges 2 GByte per Cartridge Capacity", 1992.
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