Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5623365?dq=oakley+5,387,949
Timestamp: 2014-03-17 17:22:52
Document Index: 687273385

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Patent US5623365 - Diffractive optical element for use within a projection lens system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA projection lens system with a high resolving power and a wide exposure area which is effectively corrected for various aberrations including chromatic aberration and which is compact and has minimal production problems in a case where there is a limitation on vitreous materials usable as a lens material....http://www.google.com/patents/US5623365?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5623365 - Diffractive optical element for use within a projection lens systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5623365 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/245,554Publication dateApr 22, 1997Filing dateMay 18, 1994Priority dateMay 19, 1993Fee statusPaidPublication number08245554, 245554, US 5623365 A, US 5623365A, US-A-5623365, US5623365 A, US5623365AInventorsKeiichi KubaOriginal AssigneeOlympus Optical Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (40), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDiffractive optical element for use within a projection lens systemUS 5623365 AAbstract A projection lens system with a high resolving power and a wide exposure area which is effectively corrected for various aberrations including chromatic aberration and which is compact and has minimal production problems in a case where there is a limitation on vitreous materials usable as a lens material. The projection lens system (10) includes a plurality of lenses, at least one of which is a diffractive optical element (DOE) (11). The DOE (11) has a pitch arrangement in which it has a positive power in a paraxial region thereof, and wherein the positive power continuously changes to a less positive power, and then to a negative power as the distance from the optical axis of the DOE (11) increases toward the periphery thereof. Since the DOE (11) produces large aberrations which are opposite in sign to aberrations produced in the refracting system, it is possible to effectively correct various aberrations in the projection lens system (10) and also axial chromatic aberration. The above-described pitch arrangement allows an enlargement of the otherwise conventional tendency to reduce the minimum pitch of the DOE (11).
What I claim is: 1. A diffractive optical element comprising, in order from an optical axis thereof toward a periphery thereof:a first positive power region; a second positive power region less powerful than said first positive power region; a third positive power region more powerful than said second positive power region; a no-power portion; and a negative power region; said first positive power region, said second positive power region, said third positive power region, said no-power portion, and said negative power region being concentric. 2. The diffractive optical element as claimed by claim 1, wherein:said diffractive optical element satisfies the following condition: h/2&#8806;p where h is an effective aperture radius of said diffractive optical element, and p is a distance from said optical axis to said no-power portion of said diffractive optical element. 3. The diffractive optical element as claimed by claim 1, wherein:said diffractive optical element satisfies the following condition: t/h&#8806;0.4 where h is an effective aperture radius of said diffractive optical element, and t is a height of a most off-axis chief ray in said diffractive optical element. 4. A projection lens system comprising:a plurality of refracting lens elements; and a diffractive optical element, said diffractive optical element having a positive power in a paraxial region thereof, and having a pitch arrangement such that said positive power changes to a less positive power, and then to a nehative power as a distance from an optical axis thereof increases towards a periphery thereof, said diffractive optical element satisfying the following condition: t/h&#8806;0.4 where h is an effective aperture radius of said diffractive optical element, and t is a height of a most off-axis chief ray in said diffractive optical element. 5. The projection lens system according to claim 4, wherein said projection lens system further satisfies the following condition: t/h&#8806;0.3. 6. A projection lens system comprising:a plurality of refracting lens elements including a first lens unit including at least two refracting lens elements having respective concave surfaces opposing each other; and a diffractive optical element having a positive power in a paraxial region thereof and having a pitch arrangement such that said positive power changes to a less positive power, and then to a negative power as a distance from an optical axis thereof increases towards a periphery thereof, said diffractive optical element being located between said first lens unit including said at least two refracting lens elements. 7. The projection lens system according to claim 6, further comprising:a second lens unit of two refracting lens elements having respective concave surfaces opposing each other without any other refracting lens located therebetween. 8. The projection lens system according to claim 6, wherein:said first lens unit includes at least one double-concave lens as a whole. 9. A projection lens system comprising:a plurality of refracting lens elements including:a first lens unit including a first set of lenses with respective concave surfaces opposing each other without any other refracting lens located therebetween, and a second lens unit including a second set of lenses with respective concave surfaces opposing each other without any other refracting lens located therebetween; and a diffractive optical element having a positive power in a paraxial region thereof, and having a pitch arrangement such that said positive power changes to a less positive power, and then to a negative power as a distance from an optical axis thereof increases towards a periphery thereof; said first lens unit being located between said second lens unit and said diffractive optical element. 10. The projection lens system according to claim 9, further comprising:a first positive lens located between said first lens unit and said diffractive optical element. 11. The projection lens system according to claim 10, further comprising:a second positive lens located to a side of said diffractive optical element facing said second lens unit. 12. The projection lens system according to claim 9 or 11, wherein:only an air separation is allowed to be substantially present between said first lens unit and said diffractive optical element. 13. The projection lens system according to claim 9, further comprising:a plurality of positive lenses on a side of said diffractive optical element facing said second lens unit. 14. The projection lens system according to claim 7, 9, 10, 11, or 13, further comprising:an third lens unit having positive power between said first lens unit and said second lens unit. 15. The projection lens system according to claim 14, wherein:said third lens unit includes a plurality of positive lenses. 16. The projection lens system according to claim 7, 9, 10, 11, or 13, wherein:at least one of said first lens unit and said second lens unit include at least one double-concave lens as a whole. 17. The projection lens system according to claim 4, 6 or 9, wherein:said positive power of said diffraction optical element changes to said less positive power, and then increases in positive power before changing to said negative power, as said distance from said optical axis thereof increases towards said periphery thereof. 18. The projection lens system according to claim 4, 6 or 9, wherein said diffractive optical element further comprises:a non-polar portion in a middle part of said diffractive optical element where said power becomes zero in a course of changing from said positive power to said negative power, said diffractive optical element satisfying the following condition: h/2&#8806;p where h is an effective aperture radius of said diffractive optical element, and p is a distance from said optical axis to said no-power portion of said diffractive optical element. 19. The projection lens system according to claim 18, wherein:said pitch of said diffractive optical element is smallest at a most peripheral portion of an effective aperture diameter region of said diffractive optical element. 20. The projection lens system according to claim 4, 6 or 9, wherein:said plurality of refracting lens elements are made of a same vitreous material. 21. The projection lens system according to claim 20, wherein:said vitreous material is quartz. 22. The projection lens system according to claim 4, 6 or 9, wherein:said diffractive optical element and said plurality of refracting lens elements are made of quartz. 23. The projection lens system according to claim 4, 6 or 9, further comprising:a light source that emits a radiation of wavelength not longer than 300 nm. 24. The projection lens system according to claim 23, wherein:said light source is an excimer laser. 25. The projection lens system according to claim 24, wherein:said light source is one selected from a group consisting of a KrF, an ArF, and an F.sub.2 excimer laser. 26. The projection lens system according to claim 4, 6 or 9, wherein:said diffractive optical element has a diffraction surface formed on a substrate which is a plate having parallel flat surfaces. 27. The projection lens system according to claim 4, 6 or 9, wherein:said diffractive optical element has a blazed diffraction surface which is one of blazed and approximately blazed for light of a predetermined order of diffraction. 28. The projection lens system according to claim 27, wherein:said blazed diffraction surface is approximated by multi-level steps. Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Examples of the projection lens system according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 5 denotes a refracting lens (ultra-high index lens) in which n&gt;&gt;1, and 2 a normal line. Reference symbol z denotes coordinates in the direction of an optical axis, h a coordinates in the direction lying along the substrate.
(n.sub.u -1)dz/dh=m&#955;/d                              (4)
That is, the equivalent relationship expressed by Eq. (4) is established between "the surface configuration of the ultra-high index lens in which n&gt;&gt;1" and "the pitch of the DOE". Accordingly, the pitch distribution on the DOE can be obtained from the surface configuration of the ultra-high index lens designed on the basis of Sweatt model. More specifically, let us assume that the ultra-high index lens is designed as an aspherical lens defined by
z=ch.sup.2 /{1+[1-c.sup.2 (k+1)h.sup.2 ].sup.1/2 }+Ah.sup.4 +Bh.sup.6 +Ch.sup.8 +Dh.sup.10                                      (5)
(FIRST EXAMPLE) Numerical data on a projection lens system in this example will be shown later. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the projection lens system, and FIG. 7(a) to 7(i) graphically show spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma in the projection lens system. FIG. 8 shows the pitch arrangement of a DOE used in the projection lens system of this example. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 11 denotes a DOE. In FIG. 8, the minus pitch shows that the DOE has a concave lens action. Table 1 below shows third-order aberrations produced in the DOE and refracting system of the projection lens system in the first example, together with those in modifications of the first example.
Further, since the DOE 11 has a positive power in a paraxial region thereof, it also corrects axial chromatic aberration produced by the refracting lenses. For example, if this lens system is used for light of wavelength 248.38..+-005 nm, an axial chromatic aberration of .+-.1.1 μm is produced by the quartz lenses. In this case, however, the DOE 11 produces a counter chromatic aberration of .+-2 μm to thereby correct the chromatic aberration.
(SECOND EXAMPLE) Numeral data on a projection lens system 20 in this example are shown later. FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the projection lens system 20, and FIG. 15(a) to 15(i) graphically show various aberrations in the projection lens system 20 in a similar manner to FIGS. 7(a) to 7(i). FIG. 16 shows the pitch arrangement of a DOE used in the projection lens system 20 of this example. In FIG. 14, reference numeral 21 denotes a DOE.
(THIRD EXAMPLE) Numeral data on a projection lens system 30 in this example are shown later. FIG. 17 is a sectional view of the projection lens system 30, and FIGS. 18(a) to 18(i) graphically show various aberrations in the projection lens system 30 in a similar manner to FIGS. 7(a) to 7(i). FIG. 19 shows the pitch arrangement of a DOE used in the projection lens system 30 of this example. In FIG. 17, reference numeral 31 denotes a DOE.
EXAMPLE 1 λ=248 nm, N A=0.48, φ=36 mm (□25 mm), β=1/5, O I D=800 mm
______________________________________Surface No.    R           d        VM______________________________________ 1       -161.715    10.000   Quartz 2       -199.952    0.100 3       340.968     10.000   Quartz 4       142.471     11.075 5       354.193     10.000   Quartz 6       176.097     12.704 7       1212.997    18.058   Quartz 8       -256.398    0.100 9       203.590     20.354   Quartz10       -1353.068   0.10011       175.770     27.036   Quartz12       -251.160    0.10013       1001.806    10.000   Quartz14       72.058      23.31015       -164.443    10.000   Quartz16       121.239     34.14117       374.728     10.000   Quartz18       204.012     37.74719       178.226     19.926   Quartz20       -384.487    0.10021       537.059     11.469   Quartz22       -923.608    0.10023       254.543     10.000   Quartz24       147.932     23.85825       -103.925    10.000   Quartz26       336.922     51.25127       29381.534   17.922   Quartz28       -291.819    14.16729       674.998     32.585   Quartz30       -203.019    0.10031       &#8734;     10.000   Quartz                         (Substrate of DOE)32       &#8734;     0.00033       2.79043                 0.000    DOE(Aspheric)34       &#8734;     0.10035       439.333     30.382   Quartz36       -262.348    0.10037       109.366     30.642   Quartz38       319.908     7.63339       186.858     41.685   Quartz40       56.280      13.58641       124.936     10.000   Quartz42       72.744      0.10043       56.018      13.034   Quartz44       70.161      29.95645       77.762      10.000   Quartz46       51.774      0.31347       46.306      20.929   Quartz48       -173.472    3.23649       -102.641    10.000   Quartz50       -308.947______________________________________ Aspherical Coefficients 33th surface R = 2.79043  k = -1 A = -2.73103  B = -1.50751  C = -2.53992  D = -1.91297 EXAMPLE 2 λ=248 nm, N A=0.48, φ=33 mm (□23 mm), β=1/5, O I D=800 mm
______________________________________Surface No.    R           d        VM______________________________________ 1       -158.037    10.000   Quartz 2       -195.978    0.100 3       418.017     10.000   Quartz 4       150.691     10.660 5       593.972     10.000   Quartz 6       184.051     18.792 7       1355.015    15.227   Quartz 8       -312.234    0.100 9       283.224     14.666   Quartz10       -26521.348  0.10011       193.354     26.735   Quartz12       -226.777    0.10013       227.211     17.701   Quartz14       82.978      19.64615       -206.100    33.573   Quartz16       97.028      15.09817       -176.795    10.000   Quartz18       -444.638    36.71119       986.849     15.336   Quartz20       -202.844    12.14921       94.405      14.535   Quartz22       90.169      33.58023       -86.788     19.011   Quartz24       -313.565    36.72325       &#8734;     10.000   Quartz                         (Substrate of DOE)26       &#8734;     0.00027       2.52640                 0.000    DOE(Aspheric)28       &#8734;     4.48929       -2416.732   22.039   Quartz30       -213.149    3.84131       2712.715    33.650   Quartz32       -166.291    0.10033       265.058     25.092   Quartz34       -898.699    2.16935       131.586     25.030   Quartz36       456.448     4.72437       135.521     30.512   Quartz38       60.945      15.46939       153.381     10.000   Quartz40       83.658      0.10041       59.070      12.582   Quartz42       69.362      40.45443       88.193      12.159   Quartz44       53.372      0.10945       46.865      21.483   Quartz46       -214.592    3.45347       -110.371    10.000   Quartz48       -372.046______________________________________ Aspherical Coefficients 27th surface R = 2.52640  k = -1 A = -5.11751  B = 8.54374  C = -1.44876  D = -2.04374 EXAMPLE 3 λ=248 nm, N A=0.60, φ=24 mm (□17 mm), β=1/5, O I D=800 mm
______________________________________Surface No.    R           d        VM______________________________________ 1       -7183.426   12.036   Quartz 2       -277.966    0.100 3       1753.436    10.000   Quartz 4       133.116     20.892 5       -129.156    10.000   Quartz 6       246.617     51.556 7       1186.050    26.334   Quartz 8       -180.123    0.100 9       281.287     27.319   Quartz10       -367.991    0.10011       171.041     26.232   Quartz12       -1814.658   0.10013       83.495      10.000   Quartz14       68.446      31.84015       -400.118    10.000   Quartz16       78.082      18.00417       -14254.367  10.000   Quartz18       227.084     11.18719       142.747     25.105   Quartz20       -220.789    0.10021       -17980.404  12.758   Quartz22       -253.596    11.36623       -2838.911   10.000   Quartz24       155.055     8.13425       &#8734;     10.000   Quartz                         (Substrate of DOE)26       &#8734;     0.00027       1.54177                 0.000    DOE(Aspheric)28       &#8734;     8.13529       -153.870    10.000   Quartz30       187.267     44.24931       -477.781    46.399   Quartz32       -200.350    1.45833       -1841.575   32.478   Quartz34       -136.949    0.10035       219.727     26.348   Quartz36       -1006.903   0.10037       94.856      28.649   Quartz38       189.397     0.10039       106.287     26.252   Quartz40       52.251      6.99641       60.567      10.000   Quartz42       50.025      0.10043       46.763      14.474   Quartz44       49.969      17.81845       59.808      10.000   Quartz46       38.583      0.10047       35.807      20.164   Quartz48       956.425     2.81749       -141.699    8.000    Quartz50       -377.416______________________________________ Aspherical Coefficients 27th surface R = 1.54177  k = -1 A = -1.22700  B = -4.93739  C = 4.35829  D = 1.22769 As has been described above, it is possible according to the present invention to provide a projection lens system with a high resolving power and a wide exposure area which is effectively corrected for various aberrations including chromatic aberration and which is compact and has minimal production problems in a case where there is a limitation on vitreous materials usable as a lens material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows the principle of refraction to explain a DOE used in the present invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a stepping projection aligner (hereinafter referred to as "stepper") which is designed to form a fine-line pattern of an integrated circuit (IC), a large-scale integrated circuit (LSI), etc., on a semiconductor substrate by exposure. More particularly, the present invention relates to a projection lens system which is useful to form by exposure an integrated circuit pattern on a semiconductor substrate by using a light source which emits light in the wavelength range of from the ultraviolet region to the vacuum ultraviolet region, i.e., of the order of 300 nm to 150 nm, for example, an excimer laser.
Resolving power=k.sub.1 Depth of focus=k.sub.2 where λ is the wavelength; NA is the numerical aperture and k.sub.1 and k.sub.2 are proportional constants depending upon the process.
Incidentally, when an excimer laser is used as a light source in order to improve the resolving power, some problems arise: That is, since the half-width of excimer laser light is as large as 0.3 nm to 0.4 nm in a free run, the projection lens system needs achromatism. However, in the wavelength region of excimer laser light, the transmittance of ordinary glass is insufficient, and hence usable vitreous materials are limited to quartz, fluorite, MgF.sub.2, etc. Fluorite is low in hardness and hence damageable and cannot readily be subjected to optical polishing. MgF.sub.2 is deliquescent and anisotropic. Thus, vitreous materials other than quartz suffer from problems in terms of processability. Accordingly, a vitreous material that is practically usable for a projection lens system is limited to quartz.
3 Since the spectral half-width allowed for the light source is inversely proportional to NA.sup.2, the allowable half-width becomes extremely small as the NA of the projection lens system is increased with the achievement of high integration density of devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a projection lens system with a high resolving power and a wide exposure area which is effectively corrected for various aberrations including chromatic aberration and which is compact and has minimal production problems in a case where there is a limitation on vitreous materials usable as a lens material.
The projection lens system may be used in combination with a light source that emits a radiation of wavelength not longer than 300 nm. Examples of light sources usable in this case include excimer lasers, more specifically, KrF, ArF and F.sub.2 excimer lasers.
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EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 24, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Sep 16, 2004FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Sep 25, 2000FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4May 18, 1994ASAssignmentOwner name: OLYMPUS OPTICAL CO., LTD., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KUBA, KEIICHI;REEL/FRAME:007005/0973Effective date: 19940419RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google