Source: http://m.cacm.acm.org/help/copyrights-permissions/
Timestamp: 2013-06-19 18:59:09
Document Index: 790888736

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2', '§1', '§1', '§2', '§2', '§1', '§1']

Copyrights & Permissions | Communications of the ACM
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1. Copyrighted Works
1.1 Requirement for Copyright
1.4 Definitive Versions and Revisions
1.5 Rights Retained by Authors 1.6 Fixity of Works
1.7 Solicited Works
1.8 Edited Collections
1.9 Coverage
2. ACM Permissions Policy
2.1 Objectives of this Policy
2.2 General Permissions Policy
2.3 Permission for Educational Uses of Copyrighted Material
2.4 Permission for Commercial Republish
2.6 Access to Copyrighted Works
2.8 Distributions from non-ACM Servers
2.9 Production of Digitized Copies
2.10 Rights Retained by Authors
ACM requires authors to assign their copyrights to ACM as a condition of publishing the work. Copyright ownership allows ACM to provide a viable and sustainable Digital Library to its members and the public and to act against unauthorized attempts to duplicate ACM's Digital Library.
While some other publishers have adopted licensing arrangements, ACM relies on copyright transfer. ACM finds copyright transfer more straightforward and easier to administer. In licensing arrangements, all the specific acts for which permission is sought must be forseen and stipulated. A transfer with an explicit set of author-retained rights is less likely to lead to false assumptions about what the "owner" may do with the work after signing an exclusive permissions license. ACM treats the transferred copyrights as the basic means of obtaining the right to publish; to create and deliver the Digital Library; to further disseminate works by acting as a single source for blanket republication requests, such as aggregated collections or translations, and the delivery of the material to the requesting party; to protect works from plagiarism and any other unauthorized uses; and to sustain and develop its publishing program by selling subscriptions or charging for access to its collections.
ACM requires that authors have the authority to transfer copyright, or that they obtain the necessary authorization to execute the transfer. Such transfer applies to any medium used by ACM for publication. The ACM copyright transfer leaves many important rights with the original owner.
Authors must transfer copyright to ACM upon acceptance.
Immediately after acceptance, authors must incorporate the ACM copyright notice and ACM citation of the publication into copies they personally maintain on non-ACM servers.
The author's copyright transfer applies only to the work as a whole, and not to any embedded objects owned by third parties. An author who embeds an object, such as an art image that is copyrighted by a third party, must obtain that party's permission to include the object, with the understanding that the entire work may be distributed as a unit in any medium. The requirement to obtain third-party permission does not apply if the author embeds only a link to the copyright holder's definitive version of the object.
Authors who wish to embed a component of another ACM-copyrighted work, e.g., an excerpt, a table, or a figure, must obtain explicit permission from ACM. (See also §2.7 Links.)
In special cases where an author or author's employer must retain copyright, or when ACM does not wish to give its imprimatur to a particular work, ACM may accept a release from the owner that grants ACM the permission it needs to publish the work.
The ACM copyright notice must be displayed on the first page or initial screen of a display of all works copyrighted by ACM, whether those works are published in print or in a digital medium. It is acceptable to place the string "© Copyright YYYY by ACM, Inc." as a hypertext link to the full copyright notice in digital media.
ACM COPYRIGHT NOTICE. Copyright © YYYY by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from Publications Dept., ACM, Inc., fax 1 (212) 869-0481, or email permissions@acm.org.
ACM publications staff will monitor permissions@acm.org for requests for permission and releases under this policy. Persons granted permission to copy an ACM work must display with the copy "© YYYY ACM, Inc. Included here by permission."
As a matter of professional courtesy, the lead author of any ACM copyrighted work is consulted in weighing requests from third parties for permission to republish.
ACM will create and maintain a definitive version of ACM-copyrighted works. ACM maintains bibliographic-reference Web pages for all works published in its Digital Library. These pages, free and open to the public, contain the work's bibliographic citation, abstract, indexing data, reviews, and links to the definitive version. The DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is the proper link to a work in the Digital Library.
As part of their retained rights, authors may revise their ACM-copyrighted work. If the new work is substantially developed, it is considered a new derivative work. The author owns the copyright in the new work and may do as she wishes with it. The author must incorporate a citation to the previous work with a notice
"This work is based on an earlier work: TITLE, in PUBLICATION, {VOL#, ISS#, (DATE)} © ACM, YYYY. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/nnnnnn.nnnnnn"
If the work is a minor revision, copyright remains with ACM and the notice should read
"© ACM, YYYY. This is a minor revision of the work published in PUBLICATION, {VOL#, ISS#, (DATE)} http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/nnnnnn.nnnnnn"
Authors may post these revisions on their Home Pages and their employer's internal server if the employer owned the work prior to transfer to ACM.
To distinguish between a new derivative work and a minor revision, ACM uses, respectively, a rule of greater than or less than 25% changed. Obviously, word counts are not an absolute measure. The author is in the best position to judge when a work is merely revised or offers a significant new contribution.
1.5 Rights Retained by Authors
Under the ACM copyright transfer agreement, the original copyright holder retains:
all other proprietary rights to the work such as patent
the right to reuse any portion of the work, without fee, in future works of the author's own*, including books, lectures and presentations in all media, provided that the ACM citation and notice of the Copyright are included
the right to revise the work (See §1.4 Definitive Versions and Revisions), and
the right to post author-prepared versions of the work covered by ACM copyright in a personal collection on their own Home Page and on a publicly accessible server of their employer. Such posting is limited to noncommercial access and personal use by others, and must include this notice both embedded within the full text file and in the accompanying citation display as well:
"© ACM, YYYY. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in PUBLICATION, {VOL#, ISS#, (DATE)} http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/nnnnnn.nnnnnn"
the right of an employer that originally owned copyright to distribute definitive copies of its author-employees work within its organization. Posting these works for world access requires explicit permission from ACM.
Authors may post works on public repositories before acceptance but must incorporate the ACM copyright notice upon transfer of copyright.
After acceptance, authors may post the work on public repositories only with the explicit permission of ACM.
Re-use of third-party material contained in ACM copyrighted works always requires the consent of the copyright holder, as ACM's copyright does not cover third-party material.
*Requests made on behalf of others, i.e., for contributions to the work of other authors or other editors, may require payment of the fee.
1.6 Fixity of Works
Edited collections such as conference proceedings and newsletters are copyrighted as a whole by ACM. In some cases, such as conference proceedings, the individual components are also copyrighted by ACM. In other cases, notably newsletters, copyrights of some components will be retained by authors. In the latter case, ACM will obtain a license from each author that permits publication in both print and online forms, and also grants ACM the right to transform the work into any formats as necessary for use within the ACM Digital Library.
No ACM-copyrighted collection may be posted for open distribution without prior permission from ACM and before it has been included in the ACM Digital Library. Approved distributions must include a notice of this permission along with the ACM copyright notice.
The ACM copyright transfer statement grants ACM the right "to publish the work in whole or in part in any and all media."
Professionally manage the process of applying copyright policy to specific permission cases
Ease development of value-added derivatives of ACM copyrighted works.
ACM grants gratis permission for individual digital or hard copies made without fee for use in academic classrooms and for use by individuals in personal research and study. No further reproduction or distribution is allowed without explicit permission. All copies must carry the original citation, the ACM copyright and notice of permission on the first page or initial screen of the document without exception. (See §1.2 Copyright Notice)
Requestors may expect a response to their inquiry within three business days. A complete reply may take longer, depending on the volume of requests received and their complexity.
2.3 Educational and Library Uses of Copyrighted Material
Course Material — Permission granted without fee if the course material is produced without charge to the student. (See Commercially produced Course Packs at §2.4.)
Electronic Reserves — Permission granted without fee provided the library or institution has an authentication mechanism for controlled access to the server and a license to the ACM-copyrighted work. A college, university or other accredited institution may place a single copy of a definitive version of the work in its library's electronic reserves for the duration of its educational needs for that work, provided that access is limited to its enrolled students (including those in its distance learning programs), faculty, and staff. Those institutions without a current license to the work should contact permissions@acm.org.
Distance Learning — Permission granted without fee for distance learning students enrolled at the institution. They have the same access rights to those ACM copyrighted materials licensed by their institution as any other student. Since institutional access is authenticated by IP address, it is up to the institution to provide a proxy server for its remote users, and to register the IP address of that proxy with ACM.
Interlibrary Loan (ILL) — Permission granted without fee for an institution with an ACM Digital Library license to download and print works for Interlibrary Loan. The Digital Library may be used as the source for the printed copy. The loan of the work is limited to printed copies, as part of normal library functions under CONFU Guidelines. Electronic dissemination is not allowed.
Walk-Ins — Permission granted without fee for access to all ACM publications, print or electronic, by all members of the community which a subscribing library is charted to serve.
2.4 Commercial Republication
Definition of commercial republication: Any use that is not personal or non-profit educational use. Includes reprinting by trade and scholarly publishers, and use in corporate settings and their web sites both internal and external. No direct profit need be realized from the publication or sale of ACM material.
Commercial use requires all of the above stipulations, including payment of a copyright release fee for non-exclusive, one-time use of the work. Additional uses in various media, subsequent editions and translations require an additional permission and fee payable to ACM.
All reproductions other than those listed in §2.3 Educational Uses require specific permission and a fee payable to ACM. This includes republishing in textbooks, commercially-produced course packs, anthologies, and other edited publications, and posting or other electronic distributions.
Commerically Produced Course Packs — Use of copyrighted material in course paks requires an appropriate license from the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC). Send requests to http://www.copyright.com or fax to +1 978.750.4744 or phone +1 978.750.8400. Requests received at ACM HQ are referred to the CCC.
Print Permission — A grant of permission involves consultation with the lead author of the work, the publisher's agreement to pay the required fees, and prominent display of the proper credit acknowledgment.
Electronic Permission — Rules for commercial distribution will apply unless the request falls under educational use as defined above. The term for internal and external commercial posting of ACM copyrighted material is generally limited to six months, but may be extended for an additional fee. All postings must include pointers to the correct Citation Page in the ACM Digital Library.
Multiple Copies — Producing multiple copies of ACM copyrighted works for distribution to peers, co-workers, clients, etc. requires a transactional license from the CCC and payment of the required per copy fee. Send requests to http://www.copyright.com or fax to +1 978.750.4744 or phone +1 978.750.8400.
Software published by ACM is subject to the Software License Agreement (SLA). Commercial license for use of ACM algorithms requires payment of a license fee, and a small royalty payment if required by the original author(s). Contact permissions@acm.org for details. Sublicense Agreements requires additional fee and signature of sublicensee.
The fees for reprinting full text works (or revised works) from ACM publications are as follows. The fees quoted are for one-time use in a single medium. Multiple uses require additional fees. Fees are subject to change without notice.
Work more than two years old
Excerpt greater than 500 words $100
Art designed by ACM
artist determines fee
ACM will hold its copyrighted works on its servers and gives free and unlimited permission to create and copy links to those works. Readers following links may freely browse metadata and abstracts of the work. Access to the full text of the work is usually by subscription, license, or transaction fee. A person holding a copy may not replicate that copy or send it to others unless the copy carries explicit permission for further replication or dissemination.
ACM treats links as citations (references to objects) rather than as incorporations (embedding of objects). Permission is not needed to create links to citations in The Portal (ACM Digital Library or Online Guide to Computing Literature). ACM encourages the widespread distribution of links to the definitive versions of its copyrighted works in the ACM Digital Library and does not require that authors obtain prior permission to include such links in their new works.
However, someone who creates a work or a service whose pattern of links substantially duplicates a copyrighted work should get prior permission from the copyright holder. One example: the creator of "A Table of Contents for the Current Issue of TODS" — consisting of citations and active links to author-versions of the works in the latest issue of TODS — needs ACM permission because that creator is reproducing an ACM-copyrighted work. If all the links in the "Table of Contents" pointed to the ACM-held definitive versions, ACM would normally give permission because then the new work advertises an ACM work. To avoid misunderstandings, consult with ACM before duplicating an ACM work via links.
If an author wishes to embed a copyrighted object — rather than a link — in a new work, that author needs to obtain the copyright holder's permission.
Service providers do not need to obtain prior permission from ACM to locate and dispense links to the ACM-held definitive versions of works, but they do need permission if they are making, collecting, or distributing copies of ACM-copyrighted works.
Electronic Access and Public Repositories (See also §1.5 Rights Retained by Authors)
Access to the full text of ACM works is by subscription through the ACM Portal and Digital Library. Metadata for the work, including citations, abstracts, index terms, reviews, references, the citing works, and comments, are all available to the general public through the ACM Digital Library.
Individuals often distribute copies of works authored by themselves or by others. Distribution may consist of sending copies to a mailing list or of posting a copy on a server where it is accessible to others who might copy it. Such electronic distributions and postings of ACM-copyrighted works are acts of copying and require ACM permission, unless explicitly allowed under other provisions of this policy. When in doubt, contact permissions@acm.org.
Authors and their employers who have transferred copyright to ACM may post author-prepared versions of their works and revisions as specified in Sections 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6.
Anyone who legitimately obtains a copy of an ACM-copyrighted work may use the copy only for non-commercial classroom or personal use, as specified in the ACM copyright notice, unless further permission has been granted by ACM.
Persons who have permission under these policies to make copies may elect to digitize a print copy and to distribute the digitized copy. Because digitizing processes such as OCR (optical character recognition) are error-prone, this disclaimer must be included with the ACM copyright notice on each digitized copy:
This is a digitized copy derived from an ACM-copyrighted work. ACM did not prepare this copy and does not guarantee that it is an accurate copy of the originally published work.
2.10 Rights Retained by Authors (See §1.5)