Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20050239194?dq=mirroring+data+in+a+remote+data+storage+system
Timestamp: 2016-07-31 02:16:11
Document Index: 505692385

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 6', 'art 6', 'art 6', 'art 6', 'arts 92', 'art 92', 'art 92', 'arts 92', 'arts 92', 'art 92', 'art 92', 'art 92', 'art 92', 'art 92', 'art 92', 'arts 92', 'art 92', 'art 92']

Patent US20050239194 - Biosensor - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThere is provided a biosensor in which a spacer 6 having a cutout portion is bonded between at least first support 1 and a second support 8 to form a specimen supply path 7 through which a supplied specimen is sucked into a space between the supports 1 and 8, a reagent that reacts with a component in...http://www.google.com/patents/US20050239194?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20050239194 - BiosensorAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20050239194 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/067,889Publication dateOct 27, 2005Filing dateMar 1, 2005Priority dateMar 2, 2004Also published asCN1664571A, CN100432659C, US7622026Publication number067889, 11067889, US 2005/0239194 A1, US 2005/239194 A1, US 20050239194 A1, US 20050239194A1, US 2005239194 A1, US 2005239194A1, US-A1-20050239194, US-A1-2005239194, US2005/0239194A1, US2005/239194A1, US20050239194 A1, US20050239194A1, US2005239194 A1, US2005239194A1InventorsKoji Takahashi, Akihisa HigashiharaOriginal AssigneeKoji Takahashi, Akihisa HigashiharaExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (4), Referenced by (104), Classifications (11), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetBiosensor
BEST MODE TO EXECUTE THE INVENTION [0000] (Embodiment 1) [0044] Hereinafter, a biosensor 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1(a) is an exploded perspective view of a biosensor, and FIG. 1(b) is a plan view of the biosensor shown in FIG. 1(a). [0045] With reference to FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), reference numeral 1 denotes a first insulating support (hereinafter referred to as “first support”) comprising polyethylene terephthalate or the like, and a conductive layer 10 comprising an electrical conductive material such as a noble metal (e.g., gold or palladium) or carbon is formed on the surface of the first support 1 by screen printing, sputtering evaporation, or the like. The conductive layer 10 is formed over the entire surface or at least a part of the first support 1. [0046] On the first support 1, the conductive layer 10 is divided by plural slits, thereby providing a counter electrode 3, a measurement electrode 2, a detection electrode 4, and reagent overflow prevention lines 14 and 15. [0047] Reference numeral 8 denotes a second insulating support (hereinafter referred to as “second support”) on which an approximately circular air hole 9 is formed in a center region, and the second support 8 preferably comprises a plastic film such as polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyether, polyamide-imide, polystyrene, polycarbonate, poly-ρ-phenylene sulfide, polyvinylchloride. Further, the second support 8 may comprise a copolymer, or blend, or cross-linkage of these materials, and its thickness is 0.01 mm˜0.5 mm. [0048] A spacer 6 having a cutout part 6 a which provides a specimen supply path 7 for supplying a specimen into the biosensor 100, and a reagent layer 5 impregnated with a reagent are sandwiched between the second support 8 and the first support 1, and thereby the second support 8 is integrated with the first support 1. [0049] The cutout part 6 a of the spacer 6 is formed by cutting out a rectangle center portion of the front end of the spacer 6, and the spacer 6 having the cutout part 6 a is placed so as to cover the counter electrode 3, the measurement electrode 2, and the detection electrode 4 on the first support 1, whereby the specimen supply path 7 is formed. The reagent layer 5 is formed by applying a reagent containing enzyme, electron acceptor, amino acid, sugar alcohol and the like onto the counter electrode 3, the measurement electrode 2, and the detection electrode 4 which are exposed at the cutout part 6 a of the spacer 6. In FIG. 1(a), 11, 12, and 13 denote the terminals of the counter electrode 3, the measurement electrode 2, and the detection electrode 4, respectively. [0050] Hereinafter, the air hole 9 formed in the second support 8 will be described in detail. [0051] The air hole 9 of the first embodiment is formed by perforating the second support 8 using laser. When perforating the air hole 9 using laser as described above, a desired size of the air hole can be obtained by changing the laser condition or the irradiation condition. For example, the diameter of the air hole 9 can be increased by increasing the diameter of the irradiating laser beam, the laser power, or the laser irradiating time. [0052] FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are diagrams illustrating the shape of the air hole that is formed by perforating the second support using CO2 laser processing. Specifically, FIG. 2(a) is a perspective view of the air hole viewed from the CO2 laser irradiated surface 8 b side, and FIG. 2(b) is a perspective view of the air hole viewed from the CO2 laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side. Further, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the air hole shown in FIG. 2. In these figures, reference numeral 91 a denotes an opening on the CO2 laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side, 92 a denotes a projecting part that is formed at the periphery of the opening on the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side (hereinafter referred to as “first projecting part”), 91 b denotes an opening on the CO2 laser irradiated surface 8 b side, and 92 b denotes a projecting part that is formed at the periphery of the opening on the laser irradiated surface 8 b side (hereinafter referred to as “second projecting part”). [0053] As is evident from the figures, the air hole 9 formed by laser according to the first embodiment has the openings 91 a and 91 b which are approximately circular in shape, and the diameter x of the opening 91 a on the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side of the second support 8 is smaller than the diameter y of the opening 91 b on the laser irradiated surface 8 b side. Further, in the air hole 9, since the second support 8 is thermally melted by laser irradiation, the resin of the second support 8 swells, resulting in the first and second projecting parts 92 a and 92 b at the peripheries of the openings 91 a and 91 b, respectively. In FIG. 3, ya indicates the height of the first projecting part 92 a that is formed at the periphery of the opening 91 a on the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side, and yb indicates the height of the second projecting part 92 b that is formed at the periphery of the opening 91 b on the laser non-irradiated surface 8 b side. [0054] Next, the functions and effects will be described. [0055] Initially, the diameters of the openings 91 a and 91 b of the air hole according to the first embodiment will be described in detail. [0056] FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating variations in the diameters x and y of the openings 91 a and 91 b which are formed on the both sides of the second support 8 when air holes of various sizes are perforated in the second support 8 comprising 0.1 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate, using SUNX CO2 laser marker LP-211. In the following description, “air hole diameter” indicates the diameter x of the opening 91 a which is formed on the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side of the air hole 9 that penetrates the second support 8. [0057] As is evident from FIG. 4, regardless of the size of the air hole diameter x, the diameter y of the opening 91 b on the CO2 laser irradiated surface 8 b side becomes larger than the diameter x of the opening 91 a on the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side, and as shown in FIG. 3, the cross-section of the air hole 9 is of such trapezoidal shape that the diameter of the opening is tapered to be smaller from the laser irradiated surface 8 b side toward the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side. The size of the air hole diameter x that can be perforated using CO2 laser is desirably 0.05˜0.30 mm when the productivity is considered (the diameter of the opening 91 a on the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side is 0.05˜0.30 mm, and the diameter of the opening 91 b on the laser irradiated surface 8 b side is 0.15˜0.45 mm). [0058] Tables 1(a) and 1(b) show the results of verifications for the bubbles remaining in the specimen supply path 7 due to differences in the size of the air hole diameter x when the specimen is drawn into the specimen supply path 7. [0059] Because, as described above, the air hole 9 according to the first embodiment have different diameters for the openings 91 b and 91 a at the laser irradiated surface 8 b and at the laser non-irradiated surface 8 b, respectively, it is necessary to verify two patterns of bubbles remaining in the specimen supply path 7 in a case where the side facing the specimen supply path 7 is the laser irradiated surface 8 b (Table 1(a)) and in a case where the side facing the specimen supply path 7 is the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a (Table 1(b)). [0060] Tables 1(a) and 1(b) show the results of verifications for the bubbles remaining in the specimen supply path 7 when air holes of various diameters x are perforated through the second support 8 comprising 0.1 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate, using SUNX CO2 laser marker LP-211, and a control solution having a low viscosity of 25 mPas is supplied to the specimen supply path 7 having a size of 1.5 mm�3.4 mm�0.155 mm. Table 1(a) shows the result of verifications in the case where the laser irradiated surface 8 b is placed facing the specimen supply path 7, and table 1(b) shows the result of verifications in the case where the laser non-irradiates surface 8 a is placed facing the specimen supply path 7. TABLE 1 (a) the case where the laser irradiated surface 8b faces the specimen supply path air hole diameter 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 x[mm] state in specimen ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ supply path (b) the case where the laser non-irradiated surface 8a faces the specimen supply path air hole diameter 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 x[mm] state in specimen X Δ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ supply path ◯: no bubbles remain Δ: minute amount of bubbles remain X: large amount of bubbles remain [0061] As shown in Table 1(a), when the laser irradiated surface 8 b is placed facing the specimen supply path 7, there remains no bubbles even if the air hole diameter x is as minute as 0.05˜0.10 mm, and therefore, a sufficient amount of specimen can be drawn into the specimen supply path 7 even if the viscosity of the specimen is low. However, when the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a is placed facing the specimen supply path 7 as shown in FIG. 1(b), the air hole diameter x as minute as 0.05˜0.1 mm causes bubbles to remain, and therefore a sufficient amount specimen cannot be drawn into the specimen supply path 7 when the viscosity of the specimen is low. [0062] Therefore, it is desired that the size of the air hole 9 penetrating through the second support 8 should be 0.05 mm˜0.30 mm, that is, the diameter x of the opening 91 a formed at the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a should be 0.05 mm˜0.30 mm (in terms of area, 1.96�10−3˜7.07�10−2 mm2) and the diameter y of the opening 91 b formed at the laser irradiated surface 8 b should be 0.15 mm˜0.45 mm (in terms of area, 1.76�10−2˜1.58�10−1 mm2). More preferably, it is desired that, with the CO2 laser irradiated surface 8 b facing the specimen supply path 7, the air hole diameter x should be at least 0.05 mm˜0.10 mm, that is, the diameter x of the opening 91 a formed at the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a should be 0.05 mm˜0.10 mm (in terms of area, 1.96�10−3˜7.85�10−3 mm2) and the diameter y of the opening 91 b formed at the laser irradiated surface 8 b should be 0.15 mm˜0.20 mm (in terms of area, 1.76�10−2˜3.14�10−2 mm2). [0063] When the air hole 9 has the openings as mentioned above, releasing of air from the specimen supply path 7 of the biosensor 100 is promoted even if the diameter of the air hole 9 is minute, so that no bubbles remain in the specimen supply path 7. Therefore, an amount of specimen that is sufficient for obtaining measurement results of substrates included in the specimen can be drawn into the specimen supply path 7 through the minute air hole 9, thereby to obtain highly accurate measurement result. [0064] Further, when the CO2 laser irradiated surface 8 b of the second support 8 is placed facing the specimen supply path 7 as described above, an amount of specimen that is sufficient for obtaining a measurement result of substrates included in the specimen can be drawn into the specimen supply path 7 through a more minute air hole 9. [0065] Next, a description will be given of the first and second projecting parts 92 a and 92 b which are formed at the peripheries of the openings 91 a and 91 b of the air hole 9, respectively. [0066] FIG. 5 shows a graph illustrating variations in the heights ya and yb of the first and second projecting parts 92 a and 92 b at the peripheries of the openings 91 a and 91 b which are formed at the both sides of the second support 2, when air holes of various diameters x are formed through the second support 8 comprising 0.1 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate, using SUNX CO2 laser marker LP-211. [0067] As is evident from FIG. 5, the height yb of the second projecting part 92 b that is formed at the periphery of the opening 91 b on the laser irradiated surface 8 b side is kept approximately constant even if the air hole diameter x varies in a range of 0.05˜0.5 mm. On the other hand, the height ya of the first projecting part 92 a that is formed at the periphery of the opening 91 a on the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a side varies drastically in the range of the air hole diameter x being 0.05˜0.3 mm, and is kept approximately constant when the air hole diameter x exceeds 0.3 mm. To be specific, when the thickness of the second support 8 is 1.0 mm, the height yb of the second projecting part 92 b is 0.015˜0.025 mm and the height ya of the first projecting part 92 a is 0.005˜0.040 mm. [0068] Table 2 shows the result of verification for the relationship between the heights (air hole diameters) of the projecting parts and the state of overflow of the specimen from the air hole when the specimen is drawn into the detection supply path 7. In Table 2, the biosensor is placed with the laser irradiated surface 8 b of the second support 8 facing the specimen supply path 7. [0069] Table 2 shows the result of verifications as to whether, when air holes of various diameters x (0.05˜0.5 mm) are formed through the second support 8 comprising 0.1 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate, using SUNX CO2 laser marker LP-211, and a control solution having a low viscosity of 25 mPas is supplied to the specimen supply path 7 having a size of 1.5 mm�3.4 mm�0.155 mm, the control solution flows over the periphery of the air hole (in this case, the opening 91 a). [0070] In table 2, in order to verify how much the overflow of the control solution from the opening 91 a differs between the case where the projecting part exists at the periphery of the air hole and the case where no projecting part exists, the case where the air hole 9 is perforated by press working resulting in no projecting part and the case where the air hole 9 is perforated by laser processing resulting in a projection part are compared. Further, in order to verify as to whether the overflow differs or not between the case where water-repellent finishing is done and the case where no water-repellent finishing is done, a biosensor in which the periphery of the air hole 9 having the projecting part, (which are respectively formed by the above-mentioned respective perforating methods,) is subjected to water-repellent finishing and a biosensor in which the periphery of the air hole 9 having no projecting part is subjected to water-repellent finishing, (which are respectively formed by the above-mentioned respective perforating methods,) are compared with each other. TABLE 2 water- perforation repellent air hole diameter [mm] method finish 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 press (no yes — — — — — ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ projection) no — — — — — X X X X X laser (projection) yes ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ no ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯: no overflow X: overflow occurs —: unproducible [0071] As shown in Table 2, when the periphery of the air hole 9 is subjected to water-repellent finishing, no control solution flows over the air hole 9, even when the air hole 9 is formed by press working, i.e., even when there is no projecting part at the periphery of the air hole. However, the control solution undesirably flows over the air hole 9 when there is no projecting part at the periphery of the air hole 9 and the periphery of the air hole 9 is not subjected to water-repellent finishing. The reason is because, in the air hole 49 perforated by the conventional press working, the peripheries of the openings produced in the second support 48 are flat as shown in FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b). [0072] On the other hand, when the air hole 9 is formed by laser processing as in the first embodiment, i.e., when there are projecting parts at the peripheries of the air hole, no control solution flows over the air hole 9 regardless of whether the periphery of the air hole is subjected to water-repellent finishing or not as well as regardless of the size of the air hole diameter x. [0073] Therefore, in the case where the second support 8 comprising the above-mentioned material and having the above-mentioned thickness is employed, when the diameter x of the air hole 9 penetrating through the second support 8 is 0.05˜0.5 mm (in terms of area, 1.96�10−3˜7.07�10−2 mm2) and the height ya of the first projecting part 92 a at the periphery of the opening 91 a is 0.005˜0.04 mm, overflow of the specimen can be prevented by the projecting part 92 a produced at the periphery of the opening 91 a when a specimen having a very low viscosity is drawn into the specimen supply path 7 of the biosensor 100 even if the surface of the second support 8 is not subjected to water repellent finishing. [0074] As described above, according to the first embodiment, a minute air hole 9 having a diameter that is tapered smaller from the laser irradiated surface 8 b to the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a is perforated in the second support 8 of the biosensor 100 by thermally melting the second support 8 from one surface side to the other surface side using CO2 laser, and the CO2 laser irradiated surface 8 b of the second support 8 in which the air hole 9 is formed, is placed facing the specimen supply path 7. Therefore, even if the air hole 9 of the biosensor 100 is a minute hole, occurrence of bubbles can be prevented and thereby an amount of specimen that is sufficient for obtaining measurement results of substrates included in the specimen can be drawn into the specimen supply path 7, regardless of the viscosity of the specimen to be supplied to the specimen supply path 7. As a result, highly accurate measurement result can be obtained in the biosensor 100. [0075] Further, according to the first embodiment, the second substrate 8 is thermally melted by irradiating the same with CO2 laser to perforate the air hole 9, thereby producing the projecting parts 92 a and 92 b at the peripheries of the openings 91 a and 91 b on the both surfaces 8 a and 8 b of the second support 8, respectively. Therefore, even if water-repellent finishing onto the second support 8, which has conventionally been needed, is omitted from the biosensor fabrication process, overflow of the specimen from the air hole 9 can be prevented. As a result, a biosensor that provides a highly accurate measurement result can be realized at low costs. Further, in contrast to the conventional press working, no punching residues occur, resulting in reduction in industrial waste. [0076] Furthermore, according to the first embodiment, the laser non-irradiated surface 8 a having the smaller diameter of the opening of the air hole 9 that is perforated in the second support 8 is the outer surface of the biosensor 100. Therefore, even when the user drops the specimen on the air hole 9 by mistake, the specimen is hardly drawn into the specimen supply path 7, thereby avoiding incorrect measurement results. [0077] Further, since the second support 8 is placed as mentioned above, the second projecting part 92 b having the smaller height is placed facing the specimen supply path 7, whereby the second projecting part 92 b never blocks the flow of the specimen and the pathway of bubbles included in the specimen, and consequently, occurrence of bubbles in the specimen supply path 7 can be prevented regardless of the viscosity of the specimen supplied to the specimen supply path 7, resulting in more accurate measurement result. [0078] While in this first embodiment the air hole 9 is perforated using a CO2 laser device, the air hole 9 may be formed using another laser device or the like. [0079] Further, the method of forming the air hole 9 is not restricted to the laser processing as long as a minute air hole having a diameter that is tapered smaller from one surface toward the other surface can be perforated as shown in FIG. 2. For example, the air hole 9 may be formed by puncturing the second support with a heated needle having a pointed tip. However, only laser irradiation can realize perforation processing that makes the air hole with a diameter x of 0.05 mm. [0080] Further, while in the first embodiment the shape of the opening 91 a, 91 b of the air hole 9 is nearly circle, it may be any of ellipse, line having a very small width, triangle, square, rectangle, polygon, and the like. [0081] The biosensor according to the present invention is useful as a biosensor for analyzing of a specimen having viscosity that varies among individuals, such as blood, because the biosensor can provide a correct response value without depending on the viscosity of the specimen. Further, in the biosensor according to the present invention, due to that the air hole is processed by melting using laser, cost reduction can be achieved, as well as occurrence of punching residues can be avoided in contrast to the conventional press working, thereby also resulting in reduction in industrial waste. 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