Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US8629971
Timestamp: 2018-04-22 04:57:13
Document Index: 305175669

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 200410068266', 'Application No. 200410068266', 'application No. 10179595', 'application No. 10172568', 'application No. 2007', 'Application No. 2011', 'Application No. 2004']

US8629971B2 - Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method - Google Patents
US8629971B2
US8629971B2 US12766609 US76660910A US8629971B2 US 8629971 B2 US8629971 B2 US 8629971B2 US 12766609 US12766609 US 12766609 US 76660910 A US76660910 A US 76660910A US 8629971 B2 US8629971 B2 US 8629971B2
US12766609
US20100265476A1 (en )
Lejla Seuntiens-Gruda
C02F2103/40—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture or use of photosensitive materials
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/924,192, filed Aug. 24, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,733,459, now allowed, which claims priority from European patent application EP 03255376.0, filed Aug. 29, 2003, the entire contents of each of the foregoing applications is hereby incorporated by reference.
For the sake of simplicity, the projection system may hereinafter be referred to as the “projection lens”; however, this term should be broadly interpreted as encompassing various types of projection system, including refractive optics, reflective optics, and catadioptric systems, for example. The radiation system may also include components operating according to any of these design types for directing, shaping or controlling the projection beam of radiation, and such components may also be referred to below, collectively or singularly, as a “lens”. Further, the lithographic apparatus may be of a type having two or more substrate tables (and/or two or more mask tables). In such “multiple stage” devices the additional tables may be used in parallel, or preparatory steps may be carried out on one or more tables while one or more other tables are being used for exposures. Dual stage lithographic apparatus are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,441 and PCT patent application WO 98/40791, incorporated herein by reference.
The properties of the immersion liquid should be carefully controlled such that its optical properties remain constant and so that elements of the supply and projection systems are not contaminated with deposits.
liquid stains on the optical elements and/or on the substrate, caused by immersion liquid drying on or being evacuated from the surface of the element/substrate;
contamination of outer elements of the projection system by organic species;
printing defects caused by particles or bubbles in or close to the focus plane;
optical defects such as straylight;
damage to the resist through reaction with materials in the immersion liquid (e.g. bases) and contamination of the resist surface through deposition of impurities.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid for use in a space between a projection system of an immersion lithographic projection apparatus and a substrate to be imaged, wherein the liquid has one or more of the following properties (a) to (f):
providing a liquid to at least partly fill a space between a projection system of a lithographic apparatus and a substrate; and
projecting a patterned beam of radiation through the liquid onto a target portion of the substrate; and
providing untreated water as the liquid to the lithographic apparatus and purifying the untreated water using a liquid purifier immediately prior to providing the liquid to the space; or
irradiating the liquid with ultra-violet radiation prior to providing the liquid to the space; or
providing the liquid from a liquid source to the space via a conduit which is non-transparent to visible light; or
providing a lifeform growth inhibiting chemical to the liquid prior to providing the liquid to the space; or
providing water or an aqueous solution as the liquid, the water or the aqueous solution having one or more of the following properties (a) to (f):
FIG. 4 shows a liquid reservoir 10 between the projection system PL and a substrate W which is positioned on the substrate stage WT. The liquid reservoir 10 is filled with a liquid 11 having a relatively high refractive index, provided via inlet/outlet ducts 13. The liquid may be water, (as in this description) but can be any suitable liquid. The liquid has the effect that the radiation of the projection beam is a shorter wavelength in the liquid than in air or in a vacuum, allowing smaller features to be resolved. It is well known that the resolution limit of a projection system is determined, inter alia, by the wavelength of the projection beam and the numerical aperture of the system. The presence of the liquid may also be regarded as increasing the effective numerical aperture. Furthermore, at fixed numerical aperture, the liquid is effective to increase the depth of field.
Before entering a liquid containment system LCS, the liquid passes through a gas content reduction device 160. The reduction in the gas content decreases the likelihood of bubble formation and the gas content reduction device therefore acts as a bubble reduction device. The gas content reduction device 160 typically reduces the dissolved oxygen content of the immersion liquid to 15 ppb or less, to 10 ppb or less or to 5 ppb or less. The gas content reduction device 160 may work using ultra sonic waves as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/860,662, hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference, or on similar principles using mega sonic waves (about 1 MHz) which avoid some of the disadvantages of ultra sonic waves (which can lead to cavitation and bubble collision with walls resulting in small particles breaking off the walls and contaminating the liquid). Other gas content reduction devices are also possible, for example those described in the above mentioned United States patent application as well as the use of membranes perhaps in combination with a vacuum or by purging the liquid with a low solubility gas, such as helium. Membranes are already used for removal of gasses from liquids in fields such as microelectronics, pharmaceutical and power applications. The liquid is pumped through a bundle of semiporous membrane tubing. The pores of the membrane are sized so that the liquid cannot pass through them but the gasses to be removed can. Thus the liquid is degassed. The process can be accelerated by applying to the outside of the tubing a low pressure. Liqui-Cel™ Membrane Contractors available from Membrana-Charlotte, a division of Celgard Inc. of Charlotte, N.C., USA are, for example, suitable for this purpose.
While the embodiment in FIG. 5 is illustrated with the immersion liquid first being distilled, then de-mineralized then dehydrocarbonated and then irradiated with UV, before being filtered and finally de-gassed (i.e. de-bubbled), this may happen in any order. Furthermore, chemicals may be added to the liquid at any stage upstream of the liquid confinement system LCS and re-circulated liquid may also be added at any stage upstream of the liquid confinement system LCS. Where the re-circulated liquid is added will be dependent upon its purity. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5, solid lines indicate the re-circulated liquid is added downstream of the adding device 147, the distillation unit 120, the de-mineralizing unit 130, the de-hydrocarbonating unit 140, the LTV source 145, the filter 150 and the gas content reduction device 160. The dashed lines show alternative positions at which recycled liquid may be added. In an implementation, the recycled liquid is added upstream of, at least, the filter 150.
a projection system configured to project a patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate; and
a liquid supply system configured to at least partly fill a space between the projection system and the substrate table with an immersion liquid, the liquid supply system comprising an inlet to introduce the immersion liquid to the space and comprising:
a liquid purifier configured to purify the immersion liquid; and
a gas reduction system configured to separate gas from the immersion liquid before introduction into the space and to separate gas from fluid removed from the space, the gas reduction system configured to separate gas from the immersion liquid between the liquid purifier and the inlet.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gas reduction system comprises a membrane to contact the immersion liquid to separate gas and liquid of the immersion liquid.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a measurement device configured to measure oxygen content of the degassed liquid.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a gas/liquid separation element of the gas reduction system is upstream from and not in contact with the space.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a gas/liquid separation element of the gas reduction system is downstream from and not in contact with the space.
6. A lithographic projection apparatus, comprising:
a liquid supply system configured to at least partly fill a space between the projection system and the substrate table with a liquid, the liquid supply system comprising an inlet to introduce the immersion liquid to the space and comprising:
a liquid purifier configured to purify the liquid; and
a gas reduction system configured to reduce the oxygen content of the liquid to be supplied to the space and to separate gas from fluid removed from the space, the gas reduction system configured to reduce the oxygen content of the liquid between the liquid purifier and the inlet.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the liquid purifier is configured to purify the liquid such that it has a particle content of no more than 2 particles having a dimension of 50 nm or greater per ml of liquid.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the liquid purifier is configured to purify the liquid such that it has a particle content of no more than 0.5 particles having a dimension of 50 nm or greater per ml of liquid.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a measurement device configured to measure the presence of particles in the liquid, the measurement device located downstream in a flow path of the liquid from the gas reduction system.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the measurement device comprises a particle counter.
11. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the gas reduction system comprises a membrane configured to be in contact with the liquid to be supplied to the space or the fluid removed from the space, to separate gas from the liquid or fluid, the membrane not in contact with the space.
12. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the liquid purifier comprises a distillation unit, or a de-hydrocarbonating unit configured to reduce the hydrocarbon content of the liquid, or a demineralizer, or any combination of the foregoing.
13. The apparatus of claim 6, constructed and arranged to irradiate the liquid with ultraviolet radiation prior to entry of the irradiated liquid into the space.
14. The apparatus of claim 6, configured to apply a life-form killing substance or radiation to the liquid and further comprising a filter configured to remove killed life-forms from the liquid.
15. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a measurement device configured to measure the oxygen content of the liquid.
purifying an immersion liquid;
separating gas from the purified immersion liquid;
at least partly filling a space between a projection system and a movable table with the degassed purified immersion liquid;
projecting a patterned radiation beam, through the immersion liquid, onto a target portion of a substrate; and
removing fluid from the space; and
separating gas or liquid from the removed fluid.
a structure comprising a plurality of pores;
a liquid handling system configured to at least partly fill a space between the projection system and the substrate table with an immersion liquid, the liquid handling system comprising an outlet passage from the space to remove fluid from the space and pass the fluid through the structure; and
a gas separation system, downstream from the structure and in the fluid path of the outlet passage, configured to separate gas or liquid from the fluid removed from the space via the outlet passage after having passed through the structure.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the gas separation system comprises a membrane to separate the gas or liquid from the fluid, the membrane downstream from and not in contact with the space.
at least partly filling a space between a projection system and a movable table with immersion liquid;
removing fluid from the space through an outlet passage and passing the fluid through a structure comprising a plurality of pores; and
separating gas or liquid from the removed-fluid removed via the outlet passage after having passed through the structure using a gas separation system downstream from the structure and in the fluid path of the outlet passage.
20. The method of claim 19, comprising separating gas or liquid from the removed fluid using a membrane, the membrane downstream from and not in contact with the space.
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US13240867 US8953144B2 (en) 2003-08-29 2011-09-22 Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method
US13242221 US9025127B2 (en) 2003-08-29 2011-09-23 Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method
US14676025 US9581914B2 (en) 2003-08-29 2015-04-01 Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method
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US10924192 Continuation US7733459B2 (en) 2003-08-29 2004-08-24 Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method
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US20100265476A1 true US20100265476A1 (en) 2010-10-21
US8629971B2 true US8629971B2 (en) 2014-01-14
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US14676025 Active 2024-09-28 US9581914B2 (en) 2003-08-29 2015-04-01 Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method
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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DIERICHS, MARCEL MATHIJS THEODORE MARIE;DONDERS, SJOERD NICOLAAS LAMBERTUS;JACOBS, JOHANNES HENRICUS WILHELMUS;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:024282/0359