Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US7420498?oq=6008737
Timestamp: 2018-03-20 22:00:52
Document Index: 82043228

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US7420498B2 - Signal converter performing a role - Google Patents
Signal converter performing a role Download PDF
US7420498B2
US7420498B2 US11603635 US60363506A US7420498B2 US 7420498 B2 US7420498 B2 US 7420498B2 US 11603635 US11603635 US 11603635 US 60363506 A US60363506 A US 60363506A US 7420498 B2 US7420498 B2 US 7420498B2
US11603635
US20080117090A1 (en )
A system with signal converter devices, in particular, ADCs (analog-to-digital converters), a device for use in a signal converter system, and a method for operating a signal converter system is disclosed. In one embodiment, a system with a plurality of signal converter devices is provided, each signal converter device being adapted to variably be assigned one of several predefined roles in the system.
The invention relates to a system with signal converter devices, in particular, ADCs (analog-to-digital converters), a device for use in a signal converter system, and a method for operating a signal converter system.
Conventional microcontroller or microprocessor systems comprise one or several CPUs (central processing units). The CPU(s) are connected to one or several memories, e.g. a program memory, and a data memory, etc.
The memories may be provided on the same chip, as the CPU(s) (“embedded” microcontroller or microprocessor system), or alternatively separately from the CPU(s).
The program memory, e.g., may store the series of instructions to be executed by the CPU(s) i.e., the program, and the data memory, e.g., respective variables, e.g., variables to be changed by the CPU(s) when executing the program.
In addition, conventional microcontroller or microprocessor systems often comprise one or several signal converter devices, e.g., ADCs (analog-to-digital converters).
By use of an ADC, a continuous input signal, e.g., an analog measuring voltage, a respective current signal, etc., can be converted into a digital number. The digital number then, e.g., might be processed by the CPU(s).
The number of different digital numbers an ADC can produce for the allowed range of a continuous input signal is called the “resolution” of the ADC. For example, an ADC that encodes an analog measuring voltage into one of 256 different digital numbers (0.255) has a resolution of eight bits, since 28=256.
As the input signal is continuous in time, it is necessary to define the rate at which new digital numbers/new discrete values are to be sampled from the input signal. The rate of new values is called the “sampling rate” or “sampling frequency” of the ADC.
For some applications, it might be necessary to sample two or more different measuring voltages at the same time. Typical examples are the sampling of measuring voltages referring to two parallely measured phase currents of an AC motor, the position measurement with resolver, etc.
For these applications, several separate sample and hold devices might be used, whereby the sample and hold devices in parallel at the same capture the respective different measuring voltages, and sequentially provide the captured analog values to the ADC, for sequential conversion of the analog values into respective digital numbers. Alternatively, respective sample and hold devices might be provided on the ADC itself.
As a further alternative, several ADCs might be used, each ADC in parallel being provided with one of the above different measuring voltages, which are parallely sampled, and then converted in respective digital numbers.
An advantage of using several ADCs instead of several sample and hold devices is that more measurements/samplings can be performed within a given period of time.
However, when performing parallel measurements/samplings, the several ADCs need to be synchronized.
To synchronize the ADCs, a “master” ADC might be provided, and one or several “slave” ADCs. Whenever the master ADCs requests a parallel conversion/sampling from a slave ADC, the slave ADC performs the respective conversion at a predefined point of time (e.g., with respect to a system clock). When the master ADC does not request parallel conversion from the slave ADC, the respective slave ADC might perform separate, independent measurements. However, due to the predefined roles of the ADCs (as either “master” ADC, or “slave” ADC), the flexibility of the system is limited.
One embodiment provides a system with a plurality of signal converter devices, each signal converter device being adapted to variably be assigned one of several predefined roles in the system.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system with ADCs (analog-to-digital converters) according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a synchronization register of an ADC illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a portion of a first and a second ADC illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a further portion of the first and second ADC illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a still further portion of the first and second ADC illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic, exemplary representation of a system 1 with several ADCs (analog-to-digital converters) 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d according to one embodiment of the invention.
Each ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d is capable of converting a continuous input signal, e.g., an analog measuring voltage, a respective current signal, etc. provided to a respective ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d via one of a plurality of input channels 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, into a respective digital number. The digital number may then be stored in a respective one of several output registers 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 d of the ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d. Later on, the digital number may, e.g., be read out and further processed by a respective microprocessor or microcontroller of a microcontroller or microprocessor system.
The ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d may be provided on one and the same chip, or alternatively on separate chips.
The system 1 may include a fixed number of ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d, e.g., two, three, four or more ADCs. Alternatively, the number of ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d in the system is variably adjustable (such that the system 1 variably e.g. might comprise two, three, four or more ADCs).
As will be described in further detail below, each ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d is constructed similar or substantially similar. However, as also will be described in further detail below, each ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d may be programmed differently, such as to assign one of several predefined roles to a respective ADC.
In particular, as will be described in further detail below, to each ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d variably the role of a “master” ADC, or the role of a “slave” ADC, or the role of an “autonomous” ADC may be assigned. Hence, for example, to the first ADC 3 a (“ADC 1”) according to the specific needs of a first application the role of a “master” ADC might be assigned, whilst according to the specific needs of a second application, different from the first application to the same ADC 3 a (“ADC 1”) the role of a “slave” ADC might be assigned.
As also will be described in further detail below, to each “master” ADC, one or several variably selectable “slave” ADCs might be assigned. Hence, for example, when the role of a “master” ADC is assigned to the first ADC 3 a (“ADC 1”), according to the specific needs of a third application, e.g., a second ADC 3 b (“ADC 2”) might be assigned as “slave” ADC to the first ADC 3 a (“ADC 1”), whilst according to the specific needs of a fourth application, different from the third application, a third and fourth ADC 3 c, 3 d (“ADC 3” and “ADC4”) might be assigned as “slave” ADCs to the first ADC 3 a (“ADC 1”), etc.
The total number of ADCs to which the role of a “master” ADC, and/or the total number of ADCs to which the role of a “slave” ADC is assigned is variable.
A “master” ADC and the one or several “slave” ADCs assigned to this “master” ADC form a respective “synchronization group”. As follows from the above explanation, the total number of “synchronization groups” of the system. 1 is variably adjustable.
As is illustrated in FIG. 1, for synchronization of the one or several “master” ADCs with their respective one or several associated “slave” ADCs—in particular, for carrying out a respective parallel conversion, a bus system 5 is provided, connecting each of the ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d of the system 1.
The bus system 5 includes a control bus 5 a, by use of which respective control signals referring to a respective set of control data provided by a respective “master” ADC might be sent from the respective “master” ADC to all other ADCs of the system 1. The set of control data in general only is evaluated taken into account by the one or several “slave” ADCs associated with the respective “master” ADC that sends out the control signals (i.e., the one or several “slave” ADCs that belong to the same synchronization group, as the respective “master” ADC). In the one or several associated “slave” ADCs, the received set of control data is used to control the respective analog-to-digital conversion to be performed (e.g., with regards to channel selection, sampling rate, resolution, timing, etc.). Further, a respective “master” ADC ignores respective sets of control data received via the control bus 5 a. Instead, a respective “master” ADC uses his “own” set of control data (i.e., the above set of control data, e.g. stored in respective registers of the respective “master” ADC, and sent by the respective “master” ADC to the other ADCs via the control bus 5 a) to control the respective analog-to-digital conversion to be performed in the respective “master” ADC.
Hence, the analog-to-digital conversions of a respective synchronization group (comprising a respective “master” ADC, and one or several associated “slave” ADCs) is controlled by one single set of control data, provided by the respective “master” ADC of the respective synchronization group.
In contrast, in an “autonomous” ADC to which neither the role of a “master” ADC, nor the role of a “slave” ADC was assigned (or more precisely, the role of a “master” ADC without any associated “slave” ADC) only a respective “own” set of control data (i.e., only a set of control data stored in respective registers of the respective ADC) is used to control the respective analog-to-digital conversion to be performed.
As is further illustrated in FIG. 1, the bus system 5 in addition to the control bus 5 a includes a status bus 5 b, by use of which respective status signals referring to status information data, e.g., provided by a respective “slave” ADC might be sent from the respective “slave” ADC to all other ADCs of the system 1. The status information data in general only is evaluated/taken into account by the “master” ADC associated with the “slave” ADC that sends out the status signals (i.e., the “master” ADC that belongs to the same synchronization group, as the respective “slave” ADC). With the status information data, it might be signalized that a respective “slave” ADC is idle/ready for a new conversion, or not idle/not ready for a new conversion (e.g., because the previous conversion has not yet been finished).
In the “master” ADC, it is checked by use of the status information data received from all associated “slave” ADCs whether or not all associated “slave” ADCs are idle/ready for new conversions. If one or several associated “slave” ADCs are not idle/not ready, the “master” ADC waits till it receives from all associated “slave” ADCs respective status information data that show that all associated “slave” ADCs are idle/ready for new conversions. Only then, and if the “master” ADC itself is idle/ready for a new conversion the “master” ADC starts a respective (parallel) conversion (and correspondingly similar (i.e., in parallel) the associated “slave” ADCs (see below)).
Hence, simultaneous, parallel conversions are carried out by all ADCs of the same synchronization group, with the respective sampling phases starting at the same moment. Thereby, respective continuous input signals provided at one and the same, or different input channels 2 a, 2 b, 2 c (see below) are converted into respective digital numbers, and stored in the corresponding output registers 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 d.
Thereby, it might be achieved that two or more different measuring voltages provided at respective input channels 2 a, 2 b, 2 c are sampled at the same time (e.g., two parallely measured—phase currents of an AC motor, several parallely measured—resolver voltages etc.).
In contrast to a “master” or “slave” ADC, an “autonomous” ADC need not evaluate/take into account any status information data provided via the status bus 5 b. Hence, an “autonomous” ADC might start a conversion irrespective of status information provided by other ADCs.
As will be described in further detail below, to assign the above roles (“master”, “slave”, or “autonomous”) to the ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d, and to synchronize the ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d of a synchronization group, each ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d includes a respective synchronization register 6 a, 6 b, 6 c, 6 d (see also FIG. 2). The synchronization registers 6 a, 6 b, 6 c, 6 d of the ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d might be variably programmed by the microprocessor/microcontroller of the above microcontroller or microprocessor system during normal operation of the system. Hence, the data stored in the synchronization registers 6 a, 6 b, 6 c, 6 d according to specific needs of a respective application might be altered during the runtime of the system.
As is illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, each ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d correspondingly similar as conventional ADCs comprises a digital part 7 a, an analog part 8 a, 8 b, and an arbiter 9 a, 9 b. The arbiter 9 a, 9 b e.g. decides which conversion is to be started next in a respective ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d.
For synchronizing purposes, the arbiters 9 a, 9 b of ADCs of the same synchronization group have to run/have to be started in parallel (or more exactly: the state machines of the respective arbiters 9 a, 9 b). The same e.g. applies to the analog parts 8 a, 8 b (e.g., to internal dividers comprised in the analog parts 8 a, 8 b of ADCs of the same synchronization group/to ADC kernel clocks, controlled by respective kernel clock controls 10 a, 10 b of the respective ADCs, etc. (see FIG. 3)).
For carrying out a synchronized start of the arbiters 9 a, 9 b/analog parts 8 a, 8 b, etc., a variable ANON (Analog On) stored in a register 11 a, 11 b of a respective ADC is set to a first, predefined value, e.g., to “00B” (see FIG. 3).
As will be described in further detail below, if a respective ADC is a “master” ADC or an “autonomous” ADC, the value stored in the register 11 a, 11 b (e.g., the above first, predefined value “00B”) is supplied via a multiplexer 12 a, 12 b to a further register 13 a, 13 b, stored therein, and supplied to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b, and the respective kernel clock control 10 a, 10 b of the respective “master”/“autonomous” ADC.
In response to receiving the above first, predefined value (e.g., the above value “00B”) from the further register 13 a, 13 b, the above internal dividers, arbiter state machines, etc. are brought to a predefined initial state, and the respective analog part 8 a, 8 b is switched off.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the a variable ANON (Analog On) stored in the register 11 a, 11 b of a respective ADC is not only as said above provided to the multiplexer 12 a, 12 b of the respective ADC, but also via respective lines 105 a, 105 b, 105 c, 105 d (lines ANONx, ANONy, etc.) of the above buses 5 a, 5 b to all other ADCs of the system (more particularly, to respective inputs of the respective multiplexers 12 a, 12 b provided in the ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d). For example, as is illustrated in FIG. 3, the variable ANON (Analog On) stored in the register 11 a of the first ADC 3 a is provided to a first input (anon_0) of the multiplexer 12 a of the first ADC 3 a, and via lines 105 b of the above buses 5 a, 5 b e.g. to a third input (anon2 — i) of the multiplexer 12 b of the above second ADC 3 b, etc. Further, as is also illustrated in FIG. 3, the variable ANON (Analog On) stored in the register 11 b of the second ADC 3 b is provided to a first input (anon_0) of the multiplexer 12 b of the second ADC 3 b, and via lines 105 c of the above buses 5 a, 5 b e.g. to a third input (anon2 — i) of the multiplexer 12 a of the above first ADC 3 a, etc., etc. This as will be described in further detail below allows the parallel setting of variables in several different ADCs with one single CPU access.
Which of the values present at the inputs (anon_0, anon1 — i, anon2 — i, anon3 — i) of a respective multiplexer 12 a, 12 b is supplied via the multiplexer 12 a, 12 b to the above further register 13 a, 13 b depends on the value of a variable STSEL stored in a register 14 a, 14 b, i.e., a read/writable variable STSEL which as is illustrated in FIG. 2 is part of the variables stored in the above synchronization register 6 a, 6 b of the respective ADC 3 a, 3 b.
If the respective ADC 3 a, 3 b is to take the role of a “master” ADC, or an “autonomous” ADC, the value of the variable STSEL stored in the register 14 a, 14 b of the respective ADC is set to a first, predefined value, e.g., to “00B”. In this emodiment, the value present at the first input (anon_0) of a respective multiplexer 12 a, 12 b, i.e., the value of the variable ANON (Analog On) stored in the above register 11 a, 11 b is supplied via the multiplexer 12 a, 12 b to the above further register 13 a, 13 b.
If, instead, the respective ADC 3 a, 3 b is to take the role of a “slave” ADC of a “master” ADC, the value of the variable STSEL stored in the register 14 a, 14 b of the respective ADC is set to a further, predefined value, e.g., to “01B”, “10B”, or “11B”. If the value stored in the register 14 a, 14 b e.g. is “01B”, the value present at the second input (anon1 — i) of a respective multiplexer 12 a, 12 b is supplied via the multiplexer 12 a, 12 b to the above further register 13 a, 13 b. If, however, the value stored in the register 14 a, 14 b e.g. is “10B”, the value present at the third input (anon2 — i) of a respective multiplexer 12 a, 12 b is supplied via the multiplexer 12 a, 12 b to the above further register 13 a, 13 b, and if the value stored in the register 14 a, 14 b e.g. is “11B”, the value present at the fourth input (anon3_i) of a respective multiplexer 12 a, 12 b is supplied via the multiplexer 12 a, 12 b to the above further register 13 a, 13 b.
In particular, the value of the variable STSEL stored in the register 14 a, 14 b of a respective “slave” ADC is chosen such that by the respective multiplexer 12 a, 12 b the value of the variable ANON provided by the “master” ADC associated with the respective “slave” ADC, i.e., the “master” ADC of the same synchronization group as the respective “slave” ADC (which variable as said above is supplied at the above lines 105 a, 105 b, 105 c, 105 d) is provided to the register 13 a, 13 b.
Hence, if a respective ADC is a “slave” ADC, and when as said above the corresponding “master” ADC in sets the value of the variable ANON stored in the register 11 a, 11 b to the above first, predefined value “00B”, this value is supplied via the lines 105 a, 105 b, 105 c, 105 d, and the respective multiplexer 12 a, 12 b of the “slave” ADC to the “slave” ADC's (further) register 13 a, 13 b. Further, correspondingly similar as explained above with respect to the associated “master” ADC, the value (here: “00B”) from the register 13 a, 13 b is supplied to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b, and the respective kernel clock control 10 a, 10 b of the “slave” ADC.
In response to receiving the above first, predefined value (here: “00B”) from the further register 13 a, 13 b, the above internal dividers, arbiter state machines, etc. of the “slave” ADC correspondingly similar as is the case in the “master” ADC, and parallel thereto (see explanations above) are brought to a predefined initial state, and the respective analog part 8 a, 8 b is switched off.
For actually starting the arbiters 9 a, 9 b/analog parts 8 a, 8 b of an “autonomous” ADC, or for simultaneously starting the arbiters 9 a, 9 b/analog parts 8 a, 8 b of a “master” ADC, and the respective “slave” ADCs, after the above-mentioned first step setting the variable ANON (Analog On) of the register 11 a, 11 b to the above first, predefined value “00B” the variable ANON (Analog On) of the register 11 a, 11 b of the respective “autonomous” or “master” ADC is brought in accordance with the internal settings of the respective “autonomous” or “master” ADC from the above first value (“00B”), to a second value, different from the first value (e.g., to a value corresponding to the value of a variable stored in a register with the address GLOBALCTR, programmed in the respective ADC).
As follows from the above explanations, as the respective ADC is an “autonomous” or “master” ADC (with the value of the variable STSEL stored in the register 14 a, 14 b being set to “00B”, correspondingly controlling the multiplexer 12 a, 12 b), the new value stored in the register 11 a, 11 b (i.e., the value of the variable stored in the register with the address GLOBALCTR) is supplied via the multiplexer 12 a, 12 b to the further register 13 a, 13 b, stored therein, and supplied to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b, and the respective kernel clock control 10 a, 10 b of the “autonomous” or “master” ADC.
In response to receiving the above value of the variable stored in the register with the address GLOBALCTR from the further register 13 a, 13 b, the above internal dividers, arbiter state machines, etc. start to run, in accordance with the settings defined by the variable stored in the register with the address GLOBALCTR. Hence, the respective analog part 8 a, 8 b is switched on.
As also follows from the above explanations, if a respective ADC is a “slave” ADC, and if as said above the corresponding “master” ADC in the above second step has set the value of the variable ANON stored in the register 11 a, 11 b to the above second value (i.e., the value of the variable stored in the register with the address GLOBALCTR), this value due to the above setting of the respective register 14 a, 14 b controlling the respective multiplexer 12 a, 12 b of the “slave” ADC is supplied via the lines 105 a, 105 b, 105 c, 105 d, and the respective multiplexer 12 a, 12 b of the “slave” ADC to the “slave” ADC's (further) register 13 a, 13 b. Further, correspondingly similar as explained above with respect to the associated “master” ADC, this new value (i.e., the value of the variable stored in the register with the address GLOBALCTR) from the register 13 a, 13 b is supplied to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b, and the respective kernel clock control 10 a, 10 b of the “slave” ADC.
In response to receiving the above value of the variable stored in the register with the address GLOBALCTR from the further register 13 a, 13 b, the above internal dividers, arbiter state machines, etc. of the “slave” ADC —simultaneously with the dividers, state machines, etc. of the associated “master” ADC start to run, in accordance with the settings defined by the variable stored in the register with the address GLOBALCTR provided by the “master” ADC. Hence, the respective analog part 8 a, 8 b of the “slave” ADC in parallel to the analog part 8 a, 8 b of the “master” ADC (and with corresponding settings)—is switched on.
Summarized, the above variables STSEL stored in the registers 14 a, 14 b controlling the multiplexers 12 a, 12 b define which signal from which source is used to start a respective ADC kernel.
Correspondingly similar as in conventional ADCs, in the arbiter 9 a, 9 b of the ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d of the system 1, it is detected which conversion request has the highest priority, and which input channel number is associated to the respective conversion request.
The detected channel number as illustrated in FIG. 5—is provided from the arbiter 9 a, 9 b to a register 15 a, 15 b, and from this register 15 a, 15 b to an alias module 16 a, 16 b, and in unmodified form, or, if the alias function of the alias module is active, in a modified form (see below)—to the respective analog part 8 a, 8 b of the ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d.
The analog part 8 a, 8 b then converts the continuous input signal present at the respective input channel 2 a, 2 b, 2 c as specified by the received channel number into a respective digital number, which as said above is then stored in the output registers 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 d of the ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d.
If the alias function of the alias module 16 a, 16 b is active, it is not the channel number as detected by the arbiter 9 a, 9 b that is provided to the analog part 8 a, 8 b, but a modified channel number, i.e., a channel number different to the channel number provided by the arbiter 9 a, 9 b, but associated to this channel number, and stored in a corresponding variably programmable alias register of the alias module 16 a, 16 b.
In this case, the analog part 8 a, 8 b converts the input signal present at an input channel 2 a, 2 b, 2 c as specified by the modified channel number (i.e., at a different input channel, as specified by the unmodified channel number).
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the channel number as detected by the arbiter 9 a, 9 b of an ADC 3 a, 3 b, 3 c not only is provided from the respective register 15 a, 15 b to the corresponding alias module 16 a, 16 b the analog part 8 a, 8 b, but also via respective lines 106 a, 106 b, 106 c, 106 d of the above buses 5 a, 5 b (in particular, a parallel channel number sub-bus) to all other ADCs of the system (more particularly, to respective inputs of respective further multiplexers 112 a, 112 b provided in the ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d).
For instance, as is by way of example illustrated in FIG. 5, the channel number parchnr_o stored in the register 15 a of the first ADC 3 a is provided via lines 106 d of the above bus e.g. to a first input of the multiplexer 112 b of the above second ADC 3 b, etc. Further, as is also illustrated in FIG. 5, the channel number parchnr_o stored in the register 15 b of the second ADC 3 b is provided via lines 106 c of the above bus e.g. to a first input of the multiplexer 112 a of the above first ADC 3 a, etc., etc.
Which of the values present at the inputs of a respective multiplexer 112 a, 112 b is supplied via the multiplexer 112 a, 112 b to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b (and if at all any of the values is supplied to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b (see below)) again may depend on the value of the above variable STSEL of the respective ADC, i.e., the read/writable variable STSEL which as is illustrated in FIG. 2 is part of the variables stored in the above synchronization register 6 a, 6 b of the respective ADC 3 a, 3 b.
Correspondingly similar as was explained above, the value of the variable STSEL of a respective “slave” ADC e.g. might be chosen such that by the respective multiplexer 112 a, 112 b the channel number parchnr_o as provided by the “master” ADC associated with the respective “slave” ADC, i.e., the “master” ADC of the same synchronization group as the respective “slave” ADC (which channel number as said above is supplied at the above lines 106 a, 106 b, 106 c, 106 d) is provided to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b of the “slave” ADC.
Further, the variable STSEL of a “master” ADC e.g. is chosen such that the values provided on the above parallel channel number sub-bus/the lines 106 a, 106 b, 106 c, 106 d are ignored, i.e., not provided by the respective multiplexer 112 a, 112 b to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b of the “master” ADC.
A respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b in addition to detecting, as said above, which conversion request has the highest priority, and which input channel number is associated to the respective conversion request also detects whether the detected input channel is programmed as source for a parallel conversion.
As is illustrated in FIG. 5, if it is detected by a respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b that the detected input channel is programmed as source for a parallel conversion, and if the respective ADC comprising this arbiter 9 a, 9 b is a “master” ADC, a parallel request signal parqst_o provided on a respective parallel request line is activated.
The parallel request signal parqst_o is provided from the respective “master” ADC—via respective lines 107 a, 107 b, 107 c, 107 d of the above buses 5 a, 5 b (in particular, a parallel request sub-bus) to all other ADCs of the system (more particularly, to respective inputs of respective additional multiplexers 113 a, 113 b provided in the ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d).
For instance, as is by way of example illustrated in FIG. 5, the parallel request signal parqst_o provided by the first ADC 3 a is provided via a line 107 d of the above parallel request sub-bus e.g. to a first input of the multiplexer 113 b of the above second ADC 3 b, etc. Further, as is also illustrated in FIG. 5, the parallel request signal parqst-o provided by the second ADC 3 b is provided via a line 107 c of the above parallel request sub-bus, e.g. to a first input of the multiplexer 113 a of the above first ADC 3 a, etc., etc.
Whether or not a respective parallel request signal parqst_o is provided from the respective multiplexer I 13 a, 113 b to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b of an ADC again may depend on the value of the above variable STSEL of the respective ADC, i.e., the read/writable variable STSEL which as is illustrated in FIG. 2 is part of the variables stored in the above synchronization register 6 a, 6 b of the respective ADC 3 a, 3 b.
Correspondingly similar as was explained above, the value of the variable STSEL of a respective “slave” ADC e.g. might be chosen such that by the respective multiplexer 113 a, 113 b only a parallel request signal parqst_o of a “master” ADC associated with the respective “slave” ADC i.e., the “master” ADC of the same synchronization group as the respective “slave” ADC—is provided to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b of the “slave” ADC.
Further, the variable STSEL of a “master” ADC e.g. is chosen such that the signals provided on the above parallel request sub-bus/the lines 107 a, 107 b, 107 c, 107 d are ignored, i.e., not provided by the respective multiplexer 113 a, 113 b to the respective arbiter 9 a, 9 b of the “master” ADC.
If the respective multiplexers 112 a, 112 b, 113 a, 113 b of a “slave” ADC as explained above forward a respective parallel request signal parqst_o, and the associated channel number parchnr_o—both as said received from the “master” ADC associated with the respective “slave” ADC to the arbiter 9 a, 9 b of the “slave” ADC, the arbiter of the “slave” ADC regardless of other requests—detects the associated (parallel) conversion request from the “master” ADC as the request which has the highest priority.
Hence, the channel number received from the associated “master” ADC correspondingly similar as explained above is provided from the arbiter 9 a, 9 b of the “slave” ADC via the above register 15 a, 15 b to the respective alias module 16 a, 16 b, and from the alias module in modified or unmodified form (see explanations above) to the respective analog part 8 a, 8 b of the “slave” ADC.
The analog part 8 a, 8 b of the “slave” ADC parallel to the “master” ADC then converts the continuous input signal present at the respective input channel 2 a, 2 b, 2 c as specified by the received modified or unmodified channel number into a respective digital number, which as said above is then stored in the output registers 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 d of the “slave” ADC.
Hence, all ADCs of a synchronization group request the same channel number (as defined by the “master” ADC), but if this channel number is modified by respective alias modules 16 a, 16 b may convert signals from different input channels 2 a, 2 b, 2 c. In other words, as explained above, a requested channel number may be redirected by the alias setting of a respective alias module 16 a, 16 b.
To ensure parallel conversions, the frequencies used by respective clock generators in all ADCs of a respective synchronization group should be identical. Hence, respective registers in the ADCs defining these frequencies have to be programmed to identical values.
Advantageously, a parallel conversion once started may not be aborted by the “master” ADC, even if the “master” ADC after having started the parallel conversion receives a request with higher priority, than the request associated with the parallel conversion.
Any “master” ADC can work autonomously (without the associated “slave” ADCS), or if needed can work together with the associated “slaves” ADCs.
If a “slave” ADC does not receive a parallel conversion request from an associated “master” ADC, the arbiter 9 a, 9 b of the respective “slave” ADC can detect a conversion request of the “slave” ADC itself as a request with highest priority. Hence, the respective “slave” ADC then may carry out its own requests.
If a “slave” ADC which is not idle, and which currently carries out a conversion related to an own request receives a parallel conversion request from the associated “master” ADC, the parallel conversion request leads to a “cancel-repaeat” of the currently carried out conversion in the respective “slave” ADC. Hence, the currently carried out conversion is cancelled, and restarted after finishing of the parallel conversion requested by the “master” ADC. Thus, it can be achieved that a “slave” ADC currently carrying out a conversion with a relatively long sampling phase (due to e.g. a relatively high impedance of the respective source) does not block a relatively important parallel conversion.
In a “master” or “autonomous” ADC, a “wait-for-read” functionality may be supported. The “wait-for-read” functionality may be activated by correspondingly programming a respective register. If the “wait-for-read” functionality is activated, a new conversion/a new parallel conversion is only carried out if the result of the previous conversion was already read out from the respective output register 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 d (e.g., by the above microprocessor/microcontroller).
In contrast thereto, in a “slave” ADC, an activated “wait-for-read” may be ignored, in particular, when a parallel conversion is to be carried out. Hence even if the “wait-for-read” functionality is activated a new (parallel) conversion may be carried out, and the result of the conversion may be written in a respective output register 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 d even if the result of the previous conversion has not yet been read out from this register 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 d (hence, the previous result is over-written).
The actual start of a conversion/parallel conversion is triggered as illustrated in FIG. 4 by the digital part 7 a, 7 b of a respective ADC 3 a, 3 b. A start is triggered by the respective digital part 7 a, 7 b if the corresponding analog part 8 a, 8 b of the respective ADC (and the analog parts of the other ADCs of the same synchronization group, if any (see below)) are ready to start a new conversion.
If it is detected by the digital part 7 a, 7 b that the corresponding analog part 8 a, 8 b is ready for a new conversion, the respective digital part 7 a, 7 b sends out a “ready” signal ready_o on a line 109.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the ready signal ready_o is provided to a first input of an AND-Gate 110 of the respective ADC. Further, the ready signal ready_o is sent via a line 108 a of the above buses 5 a, 5 b to all other ADCs of the system (more particularly, to respective inputs of respective OR-Gates 111 a, 111 b, 111 c provided in the ADCs 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d).
For instance, as is by way of example illustrated in FIG. 4, a ready signal provided by the digital part 7 a of the first ADC 3 a is provided via the line 108 a of the above bus e.g. to a first input of a first OR-Gate of the above second ADC 3 b, and e.g. to a first input of a second OR-Gate of the above third ADC 3 c, etc. Further, as is also illustrated in FIG. 4, a ready signal provided by the digital part of the second ADC 3 b is provided via a further line 108 b of the above bus, e.g., to a first input of a first OR-Gate 111 a of the above first ADC 3 a, and e.g. to a first input of a first OR-Gate of the above third ADC 3 c, etc., etc.
As is further illustrated in FIG. 4, to respective second inputs of the above OR-Gates 111 a, 111 b, 111 c, an inverted output of respective registers 122 a, 122 b, 122 c is provided.
In the registers 122 a, 122 b, 122 c respective variables EVALR0, EVALR1, EVALR2 are stored, here: respective read/writable variables EVALR0, EVALR1, EVALR2 which as is shown in FIG. 2 are part of the variables stored in the above synchronization register 6 a, 6 b of the respective ADC3 a,3 b.
If an ADC is to be an “autonomous” ADC, the values stored in the registers 122 a, 122 b, 122 c are all set to a first, predefined value, e.g., to “0”.
Hence, to the second inputs of all OR-Gates 111 a, 111 b, 111 c of a respective ADC, due to the above inversion of the output of the registers 122 a, 122 b, 122 c by respective inverters 123 a, 123 b, 123 c the value “1” is provided.
Therefore, in the case of an “autonomous” ADC, the value “1” is output at the outputs of the OR-Gates 111 a, 111 b, 111 c regardless of the state of the first inputs of the OR-Gates 111 a, 111 b, 111 c.
As is further illustrated in FIG. 4, the outputs of the OR-Gates 111 a, 111 b, 111 c (here: the above values “1”) are provided to a second, third and fourth input of the above AND-Gate 110 of the respective ADC.
Hence, the output of the AND-Gate 110 in the case of an “autonomous” ADC only depends on the state of the first input of the AND-Gate 110, i.e., the ready signal provided by the digital part 7 a of the respective “autonomous” ADC.
Therefore, in the case of an “autonomous” ADC, the ready signal received on the above line 109 is forwarded via the AND-Gate 110 to a line 120, which is connected to an input of the digital part 7 a of the respective ADC.
If the digital part 7 a via the line 120 receives a ready signal, it triggers the start of a conversion/parallel conversion by sending a “start” signal on a line 121 to the respective analog part 8 a, 8 b.
If an ADC is to be a “master” or “slave” ADC, the values stored in some or all of the registers 122 a, 122 b, 122 c are set to a second, predefined value, e.g., to “1” for all those registers 122 a, 122 b, 122 c associated with OR-Gates 111 a, 111 b, 111 c connected via respective lines 108 a, 108 b, 108 c, 108 d with digital parts of ADCs of the same synchronization group, as the respective “master” or “slave” ADC.
For example, if the first ADC 3 a (e.g., as a “master” ADC), and the second ADC 3 b (e.g., as a “slave” ADC) are to form a synchronization group, in the register 122 a of the first ADC 3 a, there is to be stored a value EVALR0=“1”, in the register 122 b, there is to be stored a value EVALR1=“0”, and in the register 122 c, there is to be stored a value EVALR2=“0”.
Hence, to the second inputs of the OR-Gates 111 b, 111 c of the first ADC 3 a, —due to the above inversion of the output of the registers 122 b, 122 c —the value “1” is provided, and to the second input of the OR-Gate 111 a of the first ADC 3 a, the value “0”.
Therefore, the value “1” is output at the outputs of the OR-Gates 111 b, 111 c—regardless of the state of the first inputs of the OR-Gates 111 b, 111 c.
However, the value output at the output of the OR-Gate 111 a depends on the state of the first input of the OR-Gate 111 a: The output of the OR-Gate 111 a only is “1” if the OR-Gate 111 a via the line 108 b—receives a respective start signal ready1 — i from the second ADC 3 b, i.e., the ADC which belongs to the same synchronization group, as the first ADC 3 a.
As was explained above, the outputs of the OR-Gates 111 a, 111 b, 111 c are provided to a second, third and fourth input of the above AND-Gate 110 of the respective ADC.
As the output of the OR-Gate 111 a depends on the state of its first input, the output of the AND-Gate 110 not only depends on the state of the first input of the AND-Gate 110, i.e., whether or not a ready signal was provided by the digital part 7 a of the first ADC 3 a, but also on the state of the second input of the AND-Gate 110, i.e., whether or not a start signal ready1 — i was provided from the second ADC 3 b.
Hence, only then a ready signal is output at the output of the AND-Gate 110, and sent via the line 120 to the digital part 7 a of the first ADC 3 a (triggering the sending of a “start” signal from the digital part 7 a to the analog part 8 a) if all digital parts of the ADCs of the same synchronization group as the first ADC 3 a detect that their associated analog parts are ready for a new conversion. In other words, the triggering of the start of a (parallel) conversion is controlled and synchronized by a handshake mechanism between all ADCs of the same synchronization group.
Preferably, the above values EVALR0, EVALR1, EVALR2 stored in the synchronization register 6 a of a respective ADC 3 a, 3 b (see FIG. 2) are only taken into account/written in the above registers 122 a, 122 b, 122 c if a synchronized, parallel conversion is to be carried out/requested by a respective “master” ADC. Otherwise, if no synchronized, parallel conversion is to be carried out, the values of the variables EVALR0, EVALR1, EVALR2 are to be ignored/not written in the above registers 122 a, 122 b, 122 c, such that a value “1” is present at the second inputs of all OR-Gates 111 a, 111 b, 111 c of a respective ADC, which leads to a triggering of a conversion of the respective ADC regardless of the state of the analog parts of ADCs of the same synchronization group.
a plurality of signal converter devices, each signal converter device is configured to variably be assigned one of several predefined roles in the system;
each of the signal converter devices having a respective programmable register; and
a microprocessor configured to program the respective registers to variably assign one of the predefined roles to the respective registers during normal operation of the system.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the several predefined roles comprise the role of a master signal converter device, and the role of a slave signal converter device.
3. The system of claim 1, comprising two signal converter devices.
4. The system of claim 1, comprising more than two signal converter devices.
5. The system of claim 1, comprising more than three signal converter devices.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal converter devices comprise analog-to-digital-converters.
at least one bus system to connect each of the signal converter devices.
where each signal converter device is configured to send status and/or control data to all other signal converter devices in the system via the bus system.
9. The system of claim 8, each signal converter device comprising:
wherein the programmable registers store data to define whether or not status and/or control data received from a further signal converter device in the system is to be taken into account.
10. The system of claim 8, each signal converter device comprising:
wherein the programmable registers store data to define whether status and/or control data generated in the respective signal converter device, and/or status and/or control data generated in a further signal converter device in the system is to be taken into account.
11. A method for operating a signal converter system with several signal converter devices, comprising:
variably assigning one of several predefined roles to each of the signal converter devices by programming respective registers provided in the signal converter devices by a microprocessor during normal operation of the system.
when a signal converter device is ready to carry out a conversion, sending out a signal from the first signal converter device to all other signal converter devices of the system, indicating that the first signal converter device is ready to carry out a conversion; and
when a second signal converter device is ready to carry out a conversion, sending out a signal from the second signal converter device to all other signal converter devices of the system, indicating that the second signal converter device is ready to carry out a conversion.
starting a conversion in the first signal converter device only when the signal from the second signal converter device is received indicating that the second signal converter device is ready to carry out a conversion.
starting a conversion in the second signal converter device only when the signal from the first signal converter device is received indicating that the first signal converter device is ready to carry out a conversion.
starting a conversion in a third signal converter device of the system irrespective of whether or not the signals from the first or second signal converter devices are received indicating that the first or second signal converter devices are ready to carry out a conversion.
wherein when the role of a master signal converter device was assigned to a first signal converter device of the system, and the role of a slave signal converter device was assigned to a second signal converter device of the system, a respective conversion in both the first and the second signal converter devices is carried out under control of control data provided by the first signal converter device.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the control data is sent from the first signal converter device to all other signal converter devices of the system, but is ignored in all the signal converter devices which are not assigned the role of a slave signal converter device of the first signal converter device.
a plurality of signal converter devices;
a plurality of registers in corresponding signal converter devices; and
means for programming the respective registers during normal operation of the system to variably assign one of several predefined roles to each of the signal converter devices in the system.
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US11603635 US7420498B2 (en) 2006-11-22 2006-11-22 Signal converter performing a role
DE200710054852 DE102007054852A1 (en) 2006-11-22 2007-11-16 Signal converter for satisfying a function
US20080117090A1 true US20080117090A1 (en) 2008-05-22
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