Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/1371?quicktabs_8=1
Timestamp: 2016-02-10 20:45:53
Document Index: 37676211

Matched Legal Cases: ['§\u202f101', '§\u202f13', '§\u202f2', '§\u202f101', '§\u202f411', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f901', '§\u202f103', '§\u202f401', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f101', '§\u202f211', '§\u202f2003', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f319', '§\u202f1531', '§\u202f916', '§\u202f319', '§\u202f319', '§\u202f319', '§\u202f319', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f103', '§\u202f401', '§\u202f103', '§\u202f5', '§\u202f4', '§\u202f5', '§\u202f411', '§\u202f411', '§\u202f411', '§\u202f2', '§\u202f2', '§\u202f2', '§\u202f2']

for the purposes of tracking and verifying compliance with the minimum requirements established by the Secretary in regulations promulgated under section 1385(f) of this title; or
shall, six months after importation of yellowfin tuna or tuna products has been banned under this section, certify such fact to the President, which certification shall be deemed to be a certification for the purposes of section 1978(a) of title 22 for as long as such ban is in effect; and
(A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), the provisions of this chapter shall not apply to the use of measures—
(i) Upon request therefor by citizens of the United States who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within a specified geographical region, the Secretary shall allow, during periods of not more than five consecutive years each, the incidental, but not intentional, taking by citizens while engaging in that activity within that region of small numbers of marine mammals of a species or population stock if the Secretary, after notice (in the Federal Register and in newspapers of general circulation, and through appropriate electronic media, in the coastal areas that may be affected by such activity) and opportunity for public comment—
finds that the total of such taking during each five-year (or less) period concerned will have a negligible impact on such species or stock and will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of such species or stock for taking for subsistence uses pursuant to subsection (b) of this section or section 1379(f) of this title or, in the case of a cooperative agreement under both this chapter and the Whaling Convention Act of 1949 (16 U.S.C. 916 et seq.), pursuant to section 1382(c) of this title; and
For a military readiness activity (as defined in section 315(f) of Public Law 107–314; 16 U.S.C. 703 note), a determination of “least practicable adverse impact on such species or stock” under clause (i)(II)(aa) shall include consideration of personnel safety, practicality of implementation, and impact on the effectiveness of the military readiness activity. Before making the required determination, the Secretary shall consult with the Department of Defense regarding personnel safety, practicality of implementation, and impact on the effectiveness of the military readiness activity.
Notwithstanding clause (i), for any authorization affecting a military readiness activity (as defined in section 315(f) of Public Law 107–314; 16 U.S.C. 703 note), the Secretary shall publish the notice required by such clause only in the Federal Register.
(i) Upon request therefor by citizens of the United States who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within a specific geographic region, the Secretary shall authorize, for periods of not more than 1 year, subject to such conditions as the Secretary may specify, the incidental, but not intentional, taking by harassment of small numbers of marine mammals of a species or population stock by such citizens while engaging in that activity within that region if the Secretary finds that such harassment during each period concerned—
will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of such species or stock for taking for subsistence uses pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, or section 1379(f) of this title or pursuant to a cooperative agreement under section 1388 of this title.
permissible methods of taking by harassment pursuant to such activity, and other means of effecting the least practicable impact on such species or stock and its habitat, paying particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance, and on the availability of such species or stock for taking for subsistence uses pursuant to subsection (b) of this section or section 1379(f) of this title or pursuant to a cooperative agreement under section 1388 of this title,
the measures that the Secretary determines are necessary to ensure no unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of the species or stock for taking for subsistence uses pursuant to subsection (b) of this section or section 1379(f) of this title or pursuant to a cooperative agreement under section 1388 of this title, and
requirements pertaining to the monitoring and reporting of such taking by harassment, including requirements for the independent peer review of proposed monitoring plans or other research proposals where the proposed activity may affect the availability of a species or stock for taking for subsistence uses pursuant to subsection (b) of this section or section 1379(f) of this title or pursuant to a cooperative agreement under section 1388 of this title.
For a military readiness activity (as defined in section 315(f) of Public Law 107–314; 16 U.S.C. 703 note), a determination of “least practicable adverse impact on such species or stock” under clause (i)(I) [1] shall include consideration of personnel safety, practicality of implementation, and impact on the effectiveness of the military readiness activity. Before making the required determination, the Secretary shall consult with the Department of Defense regarding personnel safety, practicality of implementation, and impact on the effectiveness of the military readiness activity.
Notwithstanding clause (iii), for any authorization affecting a military readiness activity (as defined in section 315(f) of Public Law 107–314; 16 U.S.C. 703 note), the Secretary shall publish the notice required by such clause only in the Federal Register.
(i) During any period of up to 3 consecutive years, the Secretary shall allow the incidental, but not the intentional, taking by persons using vessels of the United States or vessels which have valid fishing permits issued by the Secretary in accordance with section 1824(b) of this title, while engaging in commercial fishing operations, of marine mammals from a species or stock designated as depleted because of its listing as an endangered species or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) if the Secretary, after notice and opportunity for public comment, determines that—
(A) A marine mammal product may be imported into the United States if the product—
(b) Exemptions for Alaskan nativesExcept as provided in section 1379 of this title, the provisions of this chapter shall not apply with respect to the taking of any marine mammal by any Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo who resides in Alaska and who dwells on the coast of the North Pacific Ocean or the Arctic Ocean if such taking—
(d) Good Samaritan exemptionIt shall not be a violation of this chapter to take a marine mammal if—
(A) The Secretary of Defense may issue additional exemptions under this subsection for the same action or category of actions, after—
(Pub. L. 92–522, title I, § 101, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 1029; Pub. L. 93–205, § 13(e)(2), Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 97–58, § 2, Oct. 9, 1981, 95 Stat. 979; Pub. L. 98–364, title I, § 101, July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 99–659, title IV, § 411(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3741; Pub. L. 100–711, §§ 4(a), 5(c), (e)(1), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4765, 4769, 4771; Pub. L. 101–627, title IX, § 901(g), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4467; Pub. L. 102–582, title I, § 103, title IV, § 401(b), Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4903, 4909; Pub. L. 103–238, § 4, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 532; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41; Pub. L. 105–18, title II, § 2003, June 12, 1997, 111 Stat. 174; Pub. L. 105–42, § 4(a)–(c), Aug. 15, 1997, 111 Stat. 1123, 1124; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title III, § 319(b), (c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1434.)
[1]  So in original. Probably should be a reference to cl. (ii)(I).
The Endangered Species Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (a)(4)(B), (5)(E)(i), is Pub. L. 93–205, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 884, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35 (§ 1531 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1531 of this title and Tables.
The Whaling Convention Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (a)(5)(A)(i)(I), is act Aug. 9, 1950, ch. 653, 64 Stat. 421, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 916 et seq.) of chapter 14 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 916 of this title and Tables.
2003—Subsec. (a)(5)(A). Pub. L. 108–136, § 319(c)(1), designated existing provisions as cl. (i), redesignated former cls. (i) and (ii) as subcls. (I) and (II), respectively, redesignated former subcls. (I) and (II) of former cl. (ii) as items (aa) and (bb) of subcl. (II), respectively, and added cls. (ii) and (iii).
Subsec. (a)(5)(D)(vi), (vii). Pub. L. 108–136, § 319(c)(2), added cls. (vi) and (vii).
Subsec. (a)(5)(F). Pub. L. 108–136, § 319(c)(3), added subpar. (F).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–136, § 319(b), added subsec. (f).
1997—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–42, § 4(a), (b)(4), in introductory provisions, inserted after first sentence “Such authorizations may be granted under subchapter IV of this chapter with respect to purse seine fishing for yellowfin tuna in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, subject to regulations prescribed under that subchapter by the Secretary without regard to section 1373 of this title.” and struck out “; provided that this goal shall be satisfied in the case of the incidental taking of marine mammals in the course of purse seine fishing for yellowfin tuna by a continuation of the application of the best marine mammal safety techniques and equipment that are economically and technologically practicable” after “serious injury rate” and, in closing provisions, substituted “For purposes of subparagraph (F)” for “For purposes of subparagraph (E)”.
Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–42, § 4(b)(1), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which contained requirement that nations exporting yellowfin tuna harvested with purse seines in eastern tropical Pacific Ocean provide documentary evidence of adoption of regulatory program governing incidental taking of other mammals and comparison of the average rates of incidental taking between harvesting nation and United States.
Subsec. (a)(2)(C) to (F). Pub. L. 105–42, § 4(b)(2), (3), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpars. (C) to (E) as (D) to (F), respectively.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–42, § 4(c), added subsec. (e).
1994—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–238, § 4(a)(1), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “Consistent with the provisions of section 1374 of this title, permits may be issued by the Secretary for taking and importation for purposes of scientific research, public display, or enhancing the survival or recovery of a species or stock if—
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–238, § 4(a)(2), inserted before period at end of first sentence “, or in lieu of such permits, authorizations may be granted therefor under section 1387 of this title, subject to regulations prescribed under that section by the Secretary without regard to section 1373 of this title”.
Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 103–238, § 4(a)(3), inserted “, photography for educational or commercial purposes,” after “purposes” and “or as provided for under paragraph (5) of this subsection,” after “subsection,”.
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103–238, § 4(a)(4), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows:
Subsec. (a)(5)(D), (E). Pub. L. 103–238, § 4(a)(5), added subpars. (D) and (E).
Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 103–238, § 4(a)(6), added par. (6).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–238, § 4(b), inserted at end “In promulgating any regulation or making any assessment pursuant to a hearing or proceeding under this subsection or section 1386(b)(2) of this title, or in making any determination of depletion under this subsection or finding regarding unmitigable adverse impacts under subsection (a)(5) of this section that affects stocks or persons to which this subsection applies, the Secretary shall be responsible for demonstrating that such regulation, assessment, determination, or finding is supported by substantial evidence on the basis of the record as a whole. The preceding sentence shall only be applicable in an action brought by one or more Alaska Native organizations representing persons to which this subsection applies.”
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–238, § 4(c), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: “In order to minimize undue economic hardship to persons subject to this chapter, other than those engaged in commercial fishing operations referred to in subsection (a)(2) of this section, the Secretary, upon any such person filing an application with him and upon filing such information as the Secretary may require showing, to his satisfaction, such hardship, may exempt such person or class of persons from provisions of this chapter for no more than one year from October 21, 1972, as he determines to be appropriate.”
1992—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–582, § 103(2), inserted before period at end “, except that, until January 1, 1994, the term ‘driftnet’ does not include the use in the northeast Atlantic Ocean of gillnets with a total length not to exceed five kilometers if the use is in accordance with regulations adopted by the European Community pursuant to the October 28, 1991, decision by the Council of Fisheries Ministers of the Community”.
Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 102–582, § 401(b), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: “shall require the government of any intermediary nation from which yellowfin tuna or tuna products will be exported to the United States to certify and provide reasonable proof that it has acted to prohibit the importation of such tuna and tuna products from any nation from which direct export to the United States of such tuna and tuna products is banned under this section within sixty days following the effective date of such ban on importation to the United States;”.
Subsec. (a)(2)(E)(i). Pub. L. 102–582, § 103(1), substituted “January 1, 1993” for “July 1, 1992”.
1988—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–711, § 5(c), which directed that par. (1) be amended generally to read as follows: “(1) Consistent with the provisions of section 1374 of this title, permits may be issued by the Secretary for taking and importation for purposes of scientific research, public display, or enhancing the survival or recovery of a species or stock if—”, was executed as the probable intent of Congress by substituting such provisions for provisions of par. (1) before subpar. (A) which read as follows: “Permits may be issued by the Secretary for taking and importation for purposes of scientific research and for public display if—”.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–711, § 4(a), inserted provisions at end of subpar. (B) relating to finding by Secretary that regulatory program, or average rate of incidental taking by vessels, of harvesting nation is comparable to that of United States, and added subpars. (C) and (D).
Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 100–711, § 5(e)(1), inserted “or enhancing the survival or recovery of a species or stock” after “scientific research purposes”.
1986—Subsec. (a)(5)(A). Pub. L. 99–659, § 411(a)(1), in provisions preceding cl. (i) struck out “that is not depleted” after “population stock”.
Subsec. (a)(5)(A)(i). Pub. L. 99–659, § 411(a)(2), substituted “will not have an unmitigable adverse impact” for “its habitat, and”, and inserted “or, in the case of a cooperative agreement under both this chapter and the Whaling Convention Act of 1949 (16 U.S.C. 916 et seq.), pursuant to section 1382(c) of this title”.
Subsec. (a)(5)(A)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 99–659, § 411(a)(3), inserted “, and on the availability of such species or stock for subsistence uses”.
1981—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 97–58, § 2(1)(A), provided that the immediate goal of reducing to insignificant levels approaching a zero mortality and serious injury rate the incidental kill or serious injury of marine mammals permitted in the course of commercial fishing operations be satisfied in the case of purse seine fishing for yellowfin tuna by a continuation of the application of the best marine mammal safety techniques and equipment that are economically and technologically practicable.
Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 97–58, § 2(1)(B), struck out “is classified as belonging to an endangered species or threatened species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973 or” after “the taking of any marine mammal which”.
Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 97–58, § 2(1)(C), added pars. (4) and (5).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–58, § 2(2), substituted “Except as provided in section 1379 of this title, the provisions of this chapter shall not apply with respect to the taking of any marine mammal by any Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo who resides in Alaska and” for “The provisions of this chapter shall not apply with respect to the taking of any marine mammal by any Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo” in provisions preceding par. (1) and, in par. (1), substituted “is for subsistence purposes; or” for “is for subsistence purposes by Alaskan natives who reside in Alaska, or”.