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⭐WORKING DRAFT GUIDANCE DOCUMENT 11 A GUIDE TO FLOOD EMERGENCIES
WORKING DRAFT GUIDANCE DOCUMENT 11 A GUIDE TO FLOOD EMERGENCIES
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1 WORKING DRAFT GUIDANCE DOCUMENT 11 A GUIDE TO FLOOD EMERGENCIES2 WORKING DRAFT GUIDANCE DOCUMENT 11 A GUIDE TO FLOOD EMERGENCIES A FRAMEWORK FOR MAJOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT WORKING DRAFT 23 INTRODUCTION TO A GUIDE TO FLOOD EMERGENCIES A Framework for Major Emergency Management (2006) replaces the Framework for Co-ordinated Response to Major Emergency, which has underpinned major emergency preparedness and response capability since The Framework sets out the arrangements by which the principal response agencies will work together in the management of large-scale incidents. This Guide to Flood Emergencies is intended to support the Framework text and to provide additional guidance on Flood Emergencies. This document will be revised periodically and the version number and date will be altered on each revision This document is presented as a working draft and as such it is requested that comments and insights that arise during its use are fed back to the national level. Comments should be addressed to: MEM Project Team, Fire Services and Emergency Planning Section Department of the Environment, Heritage & Local Government, Custom House, Dublin 1. 34 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION General Purpose What is a Flood Emergency Plan? Why is a Flood Emergency Plan necessary? Intended Readership and usage Background and Context Methodology Structure of the Guidance GENERAL INFORMATION ON FLOODING Summary Causes Impacts Probability of Flooding Sources of Flooding Impact of climate change Flood Facts FLOOD EMERGENCY PLANNING PROCESS Introduction to planning for flood events Preparing for flood events Hazard Identification and flood history...16 Local Authority...17 An Garda Síochána...17 Health Service Executive Mitigation Planning and Preparedness Coordination of Flood Emergency Response PROPOSED STRUCTURE OF THE FLOOD EMERGENCY PLAN Introduction/General Summary of notable features of international flood response plans Recommended Content of the Flood Emergency Plan Recommended Flood Emergency Plan Structure GLOSSARY OF TERMS BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING & RESEARCH APPENDICES...36 Appendix I: Comparison of International Best Practices...36 Appendix II: Template Flood Emergency Plan5 A Guide to Flood Emergencies 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 General This guide, along with the Draft Protocol for Multi-Agency Response to Flood Emergencies has been prepared to assist the Principal response agencies (PRA s) and other potential response organisations in planning the response to flood events. The Guide focuses on the non-structural measures required to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from flood emergency situations. It is based on the outcomes of the Review of Best Practice (OPW 2007) and the pilot studies undertaken by the OPW in Appendix II of this guide contains a sample template to enable the local authority, as pre-determined lead agency for flood events, to generate a Flood Emergency Plan (FEP) relevant to their area. 1.2 Purpose The objective of this guide is to assist the development and implementation of consistently effective flood emergency response and recovery planning by the Principal Response Agencies and others so as to minimise the impacts and damages caused by flood events in Ireland. It is also aimed at assisting PRA s in meeting their responsibilities under the Framework for Major Emergency Management, and to deliver on the responsibilities of the OPW with respect to emergency planning as set out in the Report of the Flood Policy Review Group. 1.3 What is a Flood Emergency Plan? A Flood Emergency Plan (FEP) outlines the roles and responsibilities of all parties to be involved, actions to be taken, coordination arrangements and communication channels to be used prior to, during and after a flood event. The principal parties involved are the PRA s as designated in the Framework for Major Emergency Management (An Garda Siochana, the Health Service Executive and the Local Authority), support agencies/organisations and local communities. The purpose of planning for flood emergencies is to reduce the risk to health and life and the damage caused by flooding. A Flood Emergency Plan is a sub-plan of the Local Authority Major Emergency Plan. Each responding organisation in turn prepares its own Agency Specific Standard Operating Procedure / Standing Operating Guideline (SOP/SOG) or Sub Plan. The interchange between Regional, Local, and Specific Sub Plans is shown in figure 1 on the following page. 1 Pilot studies were carried out in the towns of Mallow, Fermoy and Clonmel - 5 -6 A Guide to Flood Emergencies Figure 1: Overview of the Interchange between Regional, Local and Agency Specific Plans. Flood Emergency Planning (Supporting documentation for plan formulation) Regional Level Regional Risk Assessment Plan for Regional Level Co-ordination Flood Protocol Flood Guidance & Sub-Plan Template Local Level Local Risk Local Major Emergency Evacuation Guidance Communication Guidance Risk Assessment Guidance Operational Level Agency Specific SOP/SOG Flood Emergency Other Sub-plans and procedures as required - 6 -7 1.4 Why is a Flood Emergency Plan necessary? Formalising of the flood response in the form of a Flood Emergency Plan will help to inform all who need to be involved as to the overall response effort, and illustrate what tasks are being carried out by other parties. This has the advantage of ensuring that duplication of tasks will not occur resulting in the uneconomic deployment of resources and avoids gaps in response, i.e. nobody takes responsibility for a necessary action. The knowledge and experience of flood response procedures gained by local authority and emergency services staff can be lost when they are absent, move to other posts or retire. Having a flood emergency plan ensures that the experience and lessons learned by current staff can be preserved and drawn upon by being incorporated and recorded in a written format for use by all staff in the future. 1.5 Intended Readership and usage This guide is intended for use by local authorities and other response organisations throughout Ireland in the preparation, development and implementation of Flood Emergency Plans. It should be read in conjunction with the Governments publication A Framework for Major Emergency Management (Sept. 2006) and the Protocol for Multi-Agency Response to Flood Emergencies (2008) 1.6 Background and Context Irish Legislation and Government Policy At present, there is no specific legislation with regard to flood emergency management in Ireland. In general, emergency management in Ireland is primarily guided by government policy and is implicit in the Principal Response Agencies existing roles. Emergency services in responding to flooding and other emergencies operate under a variety of legislative powers. The Inter-Departmental Committee on Major Emergencies (IDC) was created by Government decision in 1984 to review the response of the relevant organisations to major emergencies. The IDC has now been replaced by a National Steering Group. The A Framework for Major Emergency Management was published in September This Framework forms the basis for major emergency management in Ireland. The OPW is responsible for the maintenance of schemes completed under the 1945 Arterial Drainage Act and flood defence schemes completed under the 1995 (Amendment) Act. Post the Report of the Flood Policy Review Group Report the OPW in addition to their role in Flood Relief Schemes also have responsibility for National Flood Policy.The Planning and Development Act, 2000 provides that local authorities, through their Development Plans, can regulate development in areas at risk of flooding. As part of its general remit for marine matters, the Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (DAFF) operates a coast protection scheme, works undertaken under that scheme, have included protection of coastal areas from flooding (e.g. repair of tidal embankment in 2002 following collapse during high tides in February 2002). Many local authorities have a statutory responsibility for maintenance of Drainage Districts under the Arterial Drainage Act, 1925 and the8 Sanitary Services Act, which empowers, but does not oblige, a sanitary authority to remove any obstruction from rivers or watercourses to prevent injury to public health or amenities. European Union directive 2007/60/EC requires Member States to carry out flood risk assessments for all river basins and coastlines to identify areas most at risk from flooding. Each member state will map the potential flood extent, and assets and humans at risk in these areas and to take adequate and coordinated measures to reduce this flood risk. The Framework document (Section 5.4.2) and the Report of the Flood Policy Review Group (Section & 2.7.7) designate the Local Authority as the lead agency in the response to flood events. All local authorities should assess their flood risk under the major emergency management risk assessment process, and undertake flood emergency response planning as required Government Organisations responsible for Flood Emergency Planning The Framework sets out the arrangements by which the principal response agencies will work together in the management of large-scale incidents. Within this framework, it is required that each local authority should formulate, as a specific sub-plan of its major emergency plan, a plan for responding to severe weather emergencies. The role of the Office of Public Works is defined in the Report of the Flood Policy Review Group (2004). Their role is to provide advice and assistance, as required, in the preparation of flood-related aspects of emergency response plans. In the same document, the role of Local Authorities with regard to flood emergency response is also clearly defined as: to develop flood-related aspects of emergency response plans. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy, known as the Water Framework Directive (WFD), came into force on 22 December It provides a new system for the protection and improvement of Europe s water environment its rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters and groundwater s. The EU has confirmed that under the WFD Member States have no firm obligations in relation to flood relief arising from this Directive, which relates primarily to water quality issues, however it does address the issue of treating river catchments as one entity rather than as distinctive parts e.g. flood defences in one section of a river will have effects in other parts of the river which may lie in another jurisdiction.. A more recent EU publication, which will have an effect on legislation with regard to flooding, is Directive 2007/60/EC 2 ; Article 17 requires member states to bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the directive before November The Directive provides for preparation of Flood Risk Management Plans incorporating: Flood risk assessment (Art. 4 & 5) Flood hazard maps and flood risk maps (Art.6) Public information & consultation (Art. 9) :Official Journal of the European Union:L:288/27:on the assessment and management of flood risk. 89 1.7 Methodology The guidance is based on the outcomes of extensive review of national and international best practice, and on experience gained from pilot projects in Ireland. Under the OPW s Flood Emergency Response Planning Project existing best practices of flood emergency response planning in Ireland, the United Kingdom, The United States, Australia, The Netherlands and Germany were examined by the Office of Public Works with a view to identifying procedures that would be useful and relevant within the Irish context. As part of this research, a selected number of plans from each country were examined. The review of best practice enabled the formulation of a preliminary Flood Emergency Plan Template. This prototype template was used in three separate pilot projects in Irish towns with the aim of producing Draft Flood Emergency Plans. The knowledge and experience gained from the earlier stages of this project have been incorporated into this guidance, which is accompanied by a template OPW Flood Emergency Plan that can be adapted to suit specific local conditions. 1.8 Structure of the Guidance This guidance is structured in such a manner as to inform the reader of what flood emergency plans are, give general advice on flooding, and to give an initial background understanding of cause and effect of flood events. Chapters 3 & 4 will outline the flood emergency planning process and give guidance on the content of the template flood emergency plan. 910 Figure 2:Outline Structure of this Guidance Document Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: General Advice on Flooding Chapter 3: Flood Emergency Planning Process Chapter 4 Proposed Structure of the Flood Emergency Plan Chapter 5: Bibliography Appendix I: Comparison of outcomes of best practice Appendix II: Flood Warning & Alert Activation Table Appendix III: Template Flood Emergency Plan 2. GENERAL INFORMATION ON FLOODING 2.1 Summary Flooding is generally caused by a combination of human activity and natural physical conditions, and consequences vary. In determining the risk posed by flooding, account needs to be taken of the likely depth, speed and extent of inundation and the potential for anticipatory action to be taken as a result of pre-planning and advance warnings. This chapter outlines some general information on the causes, impacts, probability and sources of flooding, some flood facts and the impact of climate change. 2.2 Causes Flooding is a natural event; the water cycle is a balanced system. Water flowing into one part of the cycle (like streams) is balanced by water flowing back to the sea. Sometimes, however the amount flowing into one area is greater than the capacity of the system to hold it within natural confines. The result is a flood, which occurs when the amount of water arriving on land (from rainfall, snow melt, surface flow, flow in watercourses or inundation by the sea) exceeds the capacity of the land or drainage-system to discharge that water. It can occur on any location but mainly occurs on land adjacent to watercourses (fluvial flood plains) or low- 1011 lying ground next to the coast (coastal flood plains) or ponding of surface runoff in urban areas. The following could be additional contributing factors to flooding impacts, Building developments in floodplains, where they are vulnerable to flood hazards; Built development in catchments and other changes in land use, that increase the rate and volume of run off in a catchment; Sediment movement changing river cross-sections and affecting flood levels Lack of maintenance of flood defence systems, watercourses, culverts (including flood storage areas around them) and road gullies, particularly where this leads to channel blockage Canalisation, modification and diversion of rivers and watercourses, which increase the rate of flow and decrease the time taken for water to travel within a catchment The building of structures e.g. (embankments), which restrict flows over historical flood plains and thereby create additional flood risks both upstream and downstream. Land management practises that increase blockages of hydraulic structures. 2.3 Impacts The severity of impact or damage caused by flooding depends on: Flow Velocity; (the larger the flow velocity the greater the risk of damage and injury). Warning time and rate of onset of inundation, this will dictate the amount of time to prepare. Predictability of flooding. Duration of inundation; Depth of inundation. Contaminants. Type and number of risk receptors (e.g. flood plain properties) The consequences of flooding vary with land use. Overtopping and possible failure of a flood defence protecting a densely populated urban area is an extreme risk; the same event affecting agricultural land is unlikely to involve a serious threat to life or the same degree of economic consequence. Rapid flows due to flash flooding or inundation by the sea following failure or overtopping of defences generally pose a greater risk to life than a steady rise in water level. Significant flooding affecting a wide area can have substantial economic and public health impacts on affected communities and infrastructure. Flooding is generally accompanied by poor weather conditions. Significant flood events can be complex, and they can occur at any time day or night and last for an uncertain period of time. Responders may have to work in dangerous conditions, there may be considerable numbers of people displaced from their homes and there may be considerable business, infrastructure and utility interruption. All of the above are factors, which will have an influence on how to prepare a response in a flood emergency. 1112 2.4 Probability of Flooding Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring. In flood terms, probability is often referred to as a return period, e.g., a 50-year flood event is a flow or tide level that is expected to be equalled or exceeded on average once every fifty years. This can be misinterpreted as meaning that a flood will not be exceeded more often than indicated by the return period. In other words, a 1 in 100 year flood does not necessarily occur only once every 100 years, they occur on average once every 100 years. The probability or likelihood that a location will flood in any one year is expressed in the following terms: Figure 2: Probability Table. Chance of flood event every year Return period Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) Odds 1 in 20 yrs 5% chance of a flood happening each year 20: 1 1 in 100 yrs 1% chance of a flood happening each year 100: 1 1 in 200 yrs 0.5% chance of a flood happening each year 200: 1 1 in 1000 yrs 0.1% chance of a flood happening each year 1000:1 The estimation of probability is prone to uncertainty due to the use of short periods of record or to changing conditions such as river basin urbanisation, channel maintenance or degradation and climate change. 2.5 Sources of Flooding Floods can be categorised by the source of the event. The characteristics of each of the following flood sources will assist in determining the actions taken to alleviate the flood consequences River/Fluvial flooding The principal source of river flooding is excessive rainfall or snow melt within a limited period, which overwhelms the drainage capacity of the land or drainage systems, particularly when the ground is already saturated or when drainage channels become blocked. Weather patterns determine the amount and location of rain and snowfall. Unfortunately the amount and time over which precipitation (rainfall) occurs is not consistent for any given area. A number of factors can combine with exceptional precipitation to exacerbate flooding e.g., heavy snow melts, water-saturated ground, unusually high tides, and drainage modifications. A flash flood can occur when extensive saturation of high ground accompanied by intense short-duration rainfall in a small catchment or in a heavily urbanised catchment results in the sudden release of large volumes of water along narrow channels from high ground to low 1213 lying locations. Extreme rainfall events may be forced by airflow over mountains, weather fronts and convective storms. The most extreme events involve a rapid uplift of moist air in the same location for a long time. This type of meteorological event can cause other effects including landslides. Characteristics of the local flood catchment area will determine if and how the flood develops Coastal Flooding Inundation by the sea on coastal areas is potentially caused by unusually high tide, storm surge, hurricanes (cyclonic storms) and wave activity including tsunamis. Coastal floods may also be caused by structural failure of defences with some locations subject to combinations of tidal and river impacts. Long-term processes like subsidence and rising sea level as a result of global warming can lead to encroachment of the sea on land Dam Burst, Defence Failure or Overtopping Dams occur as human constructed features, or as natural features constructed possibly by landslides, or blockages by ice. Human constructed dams are built for water storage, generation of electrical power, and flood control. Flood defence systems (e.g. levees, earthen banks, walls) are designed to protect vulnerable low-lying areas and also hold water levels above the surrounding natural ground level. Irrespective of their construction, failure can result in the sudden release of large volumes of water leading to catastrophic flooding including potential loss of life. 2.6 Impact of climate change A very significant volume of research has been undertaken, and is ongoing, in the field of climate change; with respect to both causes and impacts of change. Recent publications concerning climate change that are of particular relevance are: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis; (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2007) Annual Report 2004 (Community Climate Change Consortium for Ireland [C4i], Met. Éireann, 2004) Climate Change: Scenarios and Impacts for Ireland (Environmental Protection Agency, 2003) Key Meteorological Indicators of Climate Change in Ireland; (Environmental Protection Agency, 2007) Based on the above research, it is predicted that changes in climatic parameters in Ireland are projected to have impacts on sea level, storm event magnitude and frequency, and rainfall depths, intensities and patterns. The IPCC (2007) projects that global mean sea level will rise between 0.18m and 0.59m over the 21 st century, with further rises expected beyond this, and that over this period more frequent heavy precipitation events will occur, particularly in high-latitude areas (such as Ireland). 1314 On the basis of increased rainfall and rising sea levels, the national level of flood hazard (frequency and degree of flooding) would be expected to increase. This increase in hazard can be expressed as increases in the: severity of flooding for given flood event probabilities, frequency of flood events of a given magnitude, likelihood of flooding in areas previously not considered to be at risk. The increases in hazard would, in turn, be expected to give rise to an increased level of flood risk (likelihood and degree of damages arising), with existing people and properties at risk experiencing more frequent or severe flooding, and more people and properties becoming subject to risk. The degree of protection offered by existing river, estuary and coastal flood defences would also fall, as the flood events the schemes were designed to protect against would become more frequent. 2.7 Flood Facts It must be remembered that there is always the possibility that lives will be lost on land or at sea during a flood event. Assuming a general knowledge about the locality, the following can be considered as likely to arise under flood conditions: Dislocation of services: road transport and access may be impeded by floodwaters; Power failure at pumping stations and sewerage treatment works may cause additional flooding and pollution hazards; Hydraulic structures may be damaged or blocked by floating objects; Collapse of walls/properties and the displacement of manhole covers, scour holes may present new, underwater hazards; Surfaces become slippery making them a health hazard; Changes in local flow regime may occur as the result of the floodwaters such as scour holes, manhole covers missing etc. Health impacts may be substantial, affecting many people at the same time. People may be displaced, (potentially for periods of up to or beyond a year) physically injured or exposed to chemical and biological hazards Floods can also cause anxiety and have psychological impacts on the affected communities Foul sewage and other pollution may cause contaminated water containing a number of pathogens. Disruption to communications Breakdown of law and order. Floods can have significant economic impacts; the estimate of losses for the Carlisle floods of 2005 was in excess of 450 million pounds sterling. In the Flood Studies Update Report an estimated annual average damage of approximately 250,000 to 2.6m based on studies carried out at that time is mentioned. Power failure due to a flooded power station. 3. FLOOD EMERGENCY PLANNING PROCESS 1415 3.1 Introduction to planning for flood events The review of current best practice suggests an approach to developing future flood emergency plans for the Irish situation. The following sections expand on the knowledge gained from meetings with local authorities and the review of current best practice referred to in Chapter 4 of this guide. The aim of the remainder of the Guidance is to give simple straightforward guidance on how to develop a Flood Emergency Plan that is both workable from the point of view of the agencies involved, while also affording the necessary level of assistance to the communities who are potentially at risk. 3.2 Preparing for flood events International best practice advocates a risk management approach to the hazard of flooding. The systems approach to emergency management outlined in the Framework is useful to divide the actions required to manage flood events into phases e.g.: actions before the arrival of the flood waters (the incubation/return period) and actions required during and post the arrival of the floodwaters. The following figure illustrates the components of each phase: Figure 3: Flood Event Phases Actions pre-flood: 3.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Establish probability of a flood occurrence Identify at risk locations Calculate the severity of flood on at risk communities Develop predictive flood hazard maps Develop local flood warning systems Actions during and post-flood: 3.4 MITIGATION Integrate flood risk management with land use planning Implement technical flood defence solutions Develop and implement community self help programmes Develop flood warning and alert mechanisms 3.5 PLANNING & PREPAREDNESS Prepare sub-plans for flood events Identify resource needs Develop pre-flood monitoring programme Implement training programmes for flood response teams 3.6 RESPONSE Life saving activities Incident containment Public health Maintenance of transportation routes Maintenance of critical facilities Public warning mechanisms Responder health & safety Media & VIP management Control & Coordination of operations Provision of transport, shelter and documentation of displaced persons Restoration of normality 3.7 RECOVERY Handover from life saving Facilitate the restoration of systems to normality Assess damage and return vital life support systems to minimum operating standards Collate financial cost of the event Legal implications, claim investigation Debrief & compilation of final report Community & restoration of services 1516 3.3 Hazard Identification and flood history Hazard identification requires a knowledge and understanding of the extent and degree of flood risk present in the area. Access to hydrological information for the area, to historical and predictive flood maps and knowledge of the communities and infrastructure likely to be at risk from flooding are essential for the hazard identification process. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment is dealt with in Chapter 2 of the Flood Emergency Plan Template in Appendix III of this document Hazard Information As an aid to identification of the flood hazard in a particular locality the website should be consulted. The site contains reports of past events and will assist the authority in compiling a comprehensive collection of historical flood hazard maps to assist with the identification of locations that are prone to flooding. They are also a useful source of information for other related purposes such as land-use zoning, development control, planning of infrastructure, identification of properties at risk, flood warning and identification of response priority areas. They can also be used to raise a general awareness amongst the public of the need to prepare for the possibility of future floods. Some local authorities that have encountered severe flood events in the past have undertaken a programme of developing predictive flood hazard maps, based on modelling techniques. Where these are available they can be an important source of information. Flood maps can be used to identify: Communities vulnerable to flooding and those at risk from breaches in defences; Critical infrastructure such as treatment plants, pumping stations, industrial complexes, electricity substations, telecommunications exchanges etc and vulnerable public buildings such as schools, hospitals etc. which are located in flood risk areas; Traffic and evacuation routes and corridors; Traffic diversion routes. The location of flood defence resources (equipment, sandbags etc); The locations of transit areas and temporary rest centres for evacuation purposes; Areas likely to flood and the extent and depth of flooding; The high and low risk areas. 1617 3.3.2Functions of the PRA(s) in Hazard Identification Each of the PRA(s) have a role during the hazard identification phase. The Major Emergency risk assessment process provides the means to identify the potential for significant flooding in an area. It is recommended that the local authority collate the hazard information on flood risk maps, to be held by the Local Authority (pre-determined lead agency for flooding). The Local Authority should consult with the OPW and other bodies to identify existing and future flood risks. If no information is available on this, Local Authorities should assess their flood risk following OPW standards. The PRA roles in hazard identification are as follows: Local Authority Produce base flood hazard maps showing: o River catchments and flood plains; o Areas that have historically flooded; o Low lying coastal areas at risk; o Water levels, flood pathways; Identify and prioritise locations for structural and temporary defence solutions; Identify and address issues highlighted by previous flood events; Identify at risk locations; Identify vulnerable communities and critical infrastructure within those at risk; locations Identify assembly areas for forward transportation of evacuees; Assist an Garda Síochána with route mapping for flood response; An Garda Síochána Use flood hazard maps to identify networks for route planning. Identify transport-holding areas adjacent to flood hazard areas. Prioritise routes for emergency transport into flood-affected areas. Identify evacuation routes to assembly areas for forward transportation to rest centres Identify routes, which may be inaccessible and undertake alternative traffic route planning to minimise the impact of flood-affected networks on routine traffic management. Health Service Executive Identify vulnerable persons in the at risk areas. Identify medical facilities, care homes etc. at risk. Identify alternative accommodation for patients who have to be moved 3.4 Mitigation Mitigation options available in the pre-flood period include the provision of temporary defences, public advice and alerting mechanisms and addressing business continuity issues. Mitigation options include: Installation of engineered flood defences (embankments, walls, weirs, river channelling) where the cost-benefit analysis indicates such are warranted. 1718 Identification of locations where demountable defences would be appropriate. The formulation of a sandbag policy and issues relating to their distribution during an event Development, design and implementation of a local flood warning/alerting system; Integration of flood risk assessment with land-use planning. Structural solutions to mitigate flood impacts are primarily within the remit of the OPW when they exercise their role in the provision of flood relief schemes generally in partnership with the relevant local authority. 3.5 Planning and Preparedness Many of the generic arrangements for coordination of multi agency response are directly applicable to flooding emergencies. The Framework Document (section 4.3.1: page 38) specifies that each Principal Response Agency (PRA) prepare sub-plans for severe weather emergencies including flooding: Each Local Authority should have, as a specific sub-plan of its Major Emergency Plan, a plan for responding to severe weather emergencies, whether a major emergency is declared or not. The Local and/or Regional Co-ordination Centres for Major Emergency Management may be activated to manage the response to a severe weather event, whether a major emergency is declared or not. The other principal response agencies should include subplans for responding to notifications from the Local Authorities of severe weather warnings, whether a major emergency is declared or not, and carry out their normal functions in emergency management in such situations as well as participating in co-ordination groups. The responsibilities of each organisation in relation to preparation of a flood emergency plan are as follows: 3.5.1Functions of the PRA(s) in planning for response Local Authority Identify and ensure coordination structures to fulfil the lead agency role in responding to flood events as required. Developing a flood emergency sub-plan in conjunction with other response agencies as outlined in the framework, of this guidance, and chapter 4. Linking inter-agency flood emergency planning in accordance with Section and Appendix F.7 of the framework. Identifying and preparing resources required for flood response & recovery under the following headings: o Human o Financial o Equipment Maintaining a state of readiness to respond to a flood event 1819 Nomination and establishment of a Flood Assessment Team from existing engineering resources, and provision of training in the use of the flood forecasting system. Establishing or linking with a source providing a comprehensive system of flood hazard mapping to enable information dissemination and predictive and forecast modelling for flood events Establishing standby and callout arrangements and addressing any capability gaps Establishing a continuous programme of development, training and exercising (alongside those likely to have a stake in potential extreme flood events). Identifying assembly areas and temporary rest centre accommodation for persons evacuated from their homes Developing procedures for the draw down of emergency finance during an event Preparing a plan in partnership with the HSE for the welfare of persons evacuated from their homes Developing safety procedures for responders operating in flood conditions; Identify required recovery operations. An Garda Siochana Developing agency specific procedures to incorporate support from the voluntary agencies and others in relation to the functions of AGS as outlined in the Framework. Identifying and preparing resources required for flood response & recovery under the following headings: o Human o Financial o Equipment Preparing evacuation plans and protocols for public warning Preparing evacuation route plans. Preparing traffic diversion plans Health Service Executive Developing agency specific procedures to incorporate support from the voluntary agencies and others in relation to the functions of the HSE as outlined in the Framework, page 24 of Template (Appendix II of Guide) and Appendix 5 of Protocol. Identifying and preparing resources required for flood response & recovery under the following headings: o Human o Financial o Equipment Developing advice and guidance on public health issues relative to flood events Developing procedures for the provision of welfare and medical support to displaced communities resident at local authority temporary rest centres Identifying alternative accommodation for patients who have to be moved. 1920 Developing arrangements for the specialist transportation of such persons to alternative accommodation 3.5.2Flood Emergency Plan development process Prior to documenting the Flood Emergency Plan, it is recommended that in accordance with the Protocol, the local authority put in place a specific Flood Emergency Plan Working Group (WG) to meet regularly to guide the development of the Flood Emergency Plan. This working group will operate under the aegis of the Regional Steering/ Working group. A general outline of the suggested process of developing a Flood Emergency Plan is as follows: Figure 4: Flood Emergency Plan Development process Programme Initiation Document (PID). See Invite all relevant local organisations/agencies in writing, to join the Flood Emergency Plan Working Group (WG). Each organisation/agency to nominate a senior staff member to sit on the WG.. See The Local Authority to act as chairperson of the WG to develop the content of the plan. The Local Authority to write and edit the plan based on the comments and information received from the WG. Update of plan Finalise the Flood Emergency Plan. Each organisation involved to ratify the FEP. RSG to ratify plan...see Agreement to implement the plan by the Local Authority Major Emergency Development Committee (MEDC). See View more
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