Source: http://bhruzzland.balanss.ee/naabrid/mineviku-raeige-vari/1769-inimoiguste-kohus-moskva-teadis-beslani-ruennaku-kavandamisest
Timestamp: 2017-10-21 19:32:34+00:00
Document Index: 4631645

Matched Legal Cases: ['Kohus ', 'Kohus ', 'Kohus ', 'Kohus ', 'Kohus ', 'kohus ', 'Kohus ', 'Kohus ']

BH RuZZland - Inimõiguste kohus: Moskva teadis Beslani rünnaku kavandamisest
Laupäev, 21 Oktoober 2017
Inimõiguste kohus: Moskva teadis Beslani rünnaku kavandamisest
Avaldatud: 13 Aprill 2017
Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohus (EIK) otsustas neljapäeval, et venemaa peab maksma 2004. aasta septembri Beslani koolirünnaku ohvritele kokku 2,955 miljonit eurot.
Kohus ütles otsuses, et kuigi vene võimud olid saanud teavet, et Põhja-Osseetias kavandatakse terrorirünnakut ühele koolile, siis ei astutud piisavalt samme kava nurjamiseks ning Beslani koolis julgeolekut ei tugevdatud.
Oma tegevusega ei täitnud venemaa inimõiguste ja põhivabaduste kaitse konventsiooni artiklit kaks, mis näeb ette õiguse elule, ning rikkus seadust, kui riigi julgeolekujõud lasid koolis käiku surmava jõu, ütles kohus.
Tšetšeeni mässulised jooksid 2004. aasta 1. septembril koolile tormi, millega algas pantvangikriis. Mässulised nõudsid vene sõdurite lahkumist Tšetšeeniast ning võtsid üle 1100 pantvangi, kaasa arvatud umbes 800 last.
Pärast kolm päeva kestnud tulutuid läbirääkimisi kärgatasid koolis plahvatused, mille järel sisenesid hoonesse vene julgeolekuüksused. Vastasseisus hukkus 334 inimest, teiste seas 184 last.
Venemaa argumenteeris, et valis parima tegutsemisviisi, kuid paljud ellujäänud ja nende sugulased arvavad, et tulevahetuse puhkemises on süüdi julgeolekujõud.
"Kohus kohustab venemaad maksma hagejatele kokku 2,955 miljonit eurot valuraha moraalse kahju eest ja 88 000 eurot kohtukulusid," seisis neljapäevases otsuses.
"Võimude käsutuses oli piisavalt konkreetset teavet piirkonnas kavandamisel olevast terrorirünnakust, mis on seotud haridusasutusega," ütles kohus. "Sellest hoolimata ei tehtud piisavalt terroristide kohtumiste ja ettevalmistuste tõkestamiseks."
"Astuti ebapiisavaid samme (ründajate) reisimise tõkestamiseks rünnakupäeval, julgeolekut koolis ei tugevdatud ning kooli ega avalikkust ei hoiatatud ohust."
"Kohus tuvastas, et vene võimud ei kavandanud konventsiooni artiklit kaks rikkudes operatsiooni sel viisil, et vähendada ohtu pantvangide eludele," seisis otsuses. Hagejate üks kesksetest argumentidest oli, et venemaa rikkus konventsiooni artiklit kaks.
Lisaks rikuti seadust, kui julgeolekujõud kasutasid surmavat jõudu.
"Korralike õiguslike reeglite puudumisel kasutati koolis võimsaid relvi nagu tankikahurite külge monteeritud granaadi- ja leegiheitjad," mis panustasid pantvangide hukkumisse, lisas kohus.
"Vormilise juhtimise puutumine tõi kaasa tõsised puudused otsuste langetamisel ja kaasatud ametkondade tegevuse koordineerimisel. Muu hulgas kajastus see arstide, päästjate ja tuletõrjujate töö halvas koordineerimises. Kohus ei saanud vältida järeldust, et koordineerimise ja vastustuse puudumine mõjutasid teataval määral sündmuste õnnetut tulemust," märgiti dokumendis.
Lisaks olid "tõsised puudused" ka rünnaku asjaolusid käsitlenud juurdluses. "Polnud mingit korralikku uurimist sellest, kuidas ohvrid surma said."
Hagejaid oli 409, nii endised pantvangid ja kannatanud kui ka nende ja tapetute sugulased.
Hagi esitanud väitsid, et võimude peaeesmärk oli tappa ründajad ning pantvangide surmasaamisele erilist tähelepanu ei pööratud. Nende advokaadid kritiseerisid ka seda, et gümnaasiumis surnuks põlenud 116 inimest ei lahatud korralikult.
Grupi Beslani Emad esindaja Aneta Gadijeva ütles uudisteagentuurile TASS, et kohtu määratud kompensatsiooni summa on väike. "Mõned saavad 5000 eurot, mõned saavad 20 000 eurot. Need on väikesed summad moraalse kahju kompenseerimiseks," lausus Gadijeva, kes kaotas Beslani koolirünnakus tütre.
Kreml: otsus on "absoluutselt vastuvõetamatu"
Kreml kritiseeris Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohtu otsust teravalt.
"Meil on selle sõnastusega võimatu nõustuda," lausus Kremli pressiesindaja Dmitri Peskov. "Taoline sõnastus on riigi jaoks, mis elas üle rünnaku, absoluutselt vastuvõetamatu."
Vastuseks küsimusele, kas venemaa kavatseb kohtu otsust järgida, ütles Peskov: "Selle otsusega seoses astutakse kõik vajaminevad juriidilised sammud."
Justiitsministeerium teatas neljapäeval, et venemaa kavatseb otsuse järgmise kolme kuu jooksul vaidlustada. Mitmed kohtu järeldused polnud tõendatud, lisati avalduses.
Pantvangide päästmise operatsiooni kohta tehtud järeldustest nähtub, et kohus ei uurinud traagilisi sündmusi "piisavalt üksikasjalikult", lisas ministeerium. Kohus ei mõistnud "täies ulatuses olukorra tõsidust Beslanis pärast pantvangide võtmist" ega "riske päästeoperatsioonide läbiviimise protsessis".
Kohtu järeldus vene eriüksuslaste valimatust relvakasutusest ajal, mil pantvangid olid veel hoones, on "alusetu", ütles ministeerium.
Strasbourg'is asuv Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohus on Euroopa Nõukogu inimõiguste kaitse organ, mis lähtub oma tegevusest Euroopa inimõiguste ja põhivabaduste kaitse konventsioonist ja mille pädevus hõlmab kõiki riike, mis on selle konventsiooni ratifitseerinud. Liikmesriigid peavad kohtu otsustest lähtuma, kuid samas puudub kohtul reaalne võimalus riike otsuseid täitma sundida.
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