Source: http://docplayer.net/26281267-The-eu-fish-market-2016-edition-highlights-the-eu-in-the-world-eu-market-supply-consumption-trade-eu-landings-aquaculture-production-processing.html
Timestamp: 2018-03-20 06:32:16
Document Index: 463554937

Matched Legal Cases: ['arts 12', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 5', 'art 6', 'art 7', 'art 8', 'art 9', 'art 10', 'art 11', 'art 12', 'art 13', 'art 14', 'art 15', 'art 16', 'art 17', 'art 18', 'art 19', 'art 20', 'art 21', 'art 22', 'art 23', 'art 24', 'art 25', 'art 26', 'art 27', 'art 28', 'art 29', 'art 30', 'art 31', 'art 32', 'art 33', 'art 34', 'art 35', 'art 35', 'art 36', 'art 37', 'art 37', 'art 38', 'art 39', 'art 40', 'art 41', 'art 42', 'art 43', 'art 44', 'art 45', 'art 46', 'art 46', 'art 47', 'art 48', 'art 49', 'art 50', 'art 51', 'art 52', 'art 53', 'art 54', 'art 55', 'art 56', 'art 57', 'art 58', 'art 59', 'art 60', 'art 61', 'art 62', 'art 63', 'art 64', 'art 65', 'art 66', 'art 67', 'art 68', 'art 69', 'art 70', 'art 71', 'art 72', 'art 73', 'art 74', 'art 75', 'art 76', 'art 76', 'art 77', 'art 78', 'art 79', 'art 80', 'art 81', 'art 82', 'art 83', 'art 84', 'art 85', 'art 86', 'art 87', 'art 88', 'art 89', 'art 90', 'art 91', 'art 92']

THE EU FISH MARKET 2016 EDITION HIGHLIGHTS THE EU IN THE WORLD EU MARKET SUPPLY CONSUMPTION TRADE EU LANDINGS AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION PROCESSING - PDF
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1 THE EU FISH MARKET 2016 EDITION HIGHLIGHTS THE EU IN THE WORLD EU MARKET SUPPLY CONSUMPTION TRADE EU LANDINGS AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION PROCESSING Maritime affairs and Fisheries
2 Scope The EU fish market aims at providing an economic description of the whole European fisheries and aquaculture industry. It replies to questions such as what is produced/exported/imported, when and where, what is consumed, by whom and what are the main trends. Structural analysis allows a comprehensive view of the fisheries and aquaculture industries in Europe in comparison with other food industries. This publication is one of the services delivered by the European Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture Products (EUMOFA). This edition is based on data available as of July More detailed and complementary data are available in the EUMOFA database: by species, place of sale, Member State, partner country. Data are updated daily. EUMOFA, developed by the European Commission, represents one of the tools of the new Market Policy in the framework of the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy. [Regulation (EU) No 1379/2013 on the common organisation of the markets in fishery and aquaculture products, Article 42]. As a market intelligence tool, EUMOFA provides regular weekly indicators, monthly market trends and annual structural data along the supply chain. The database is based on data provided and validated by Member States and European institutions. It is available in all 24 EU languages. EUMOFA website, publicly available as from April 2013, can be accessed at: I
3 Methodological background The report is mainly based on consolidated and exhaustive volume and value data collected and disseminated by EUMOFA at all stages of the supply chain. MAIN SOURCES OF DATA. EUMOFA, EUROSTAT, national administrations of the EU, Joint Research Centre European Commission, FAO, OECD, Federation of European Aquaculture Producers (FEAP). SUPPLY BALANCE SHEET. SELF-SUFFICIENCY RATE. EXPENDITURE FOR FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS LIVE WEIGHT EQUIVALENT. The supply balance sheet provides an estimate of the supply of fishery and aquaculture products available for human consumption at EU level. Catches targeted for fishmeal (industrial catches) are excluded. The calculation of the supply balance sheet is based on the equation: Apparent consum ption = [(total catches industrial catches) + aquaculture + im ports] exports The resulting figures should be considered as proxies of market consumption (i.e. apparent consumption). EU production / Apparent consumption of the EU market Expenditure data of this EU fish market are provided by EUROSTAT (for EU countries, see Charts 12, 13 and 15). These data are compiled basing on a common methodology elaborated within the EUROSTAT OECD PPP Programme (http://www.oecd.org/std/prices-ppp/eurostatoecdmethodologicalmanualonpurchasingpowerparitiesppps.htm). In The EU fish market report, the Nominal expenditure at national prices in euro (millions) and the Nominal expenditure per head at national prices in euros have been used. The expenditure is taken as a component of the GDP and concerns the final consumption expenditures on goods and services consumed by individual households. Expenditure is provided in Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) which are spatial deflators and currency converters that eliminate the effects of the differences in price levels between Member States/countries, thus allowing volume comparisons of GDP components and comparisons of price levels. For the countries outside the Euro-zone, Price Level Indices (PLIs) are used for harmonising different currencies in a single currency (euro in this case). PLIs are obtained as ratios between PPPs and current nominal exchange rates, therefore, PPPs and PLIs values coincide in the Euro - zone countries. Fishery and aquaculture products is an aggregate of products, corresponding to COICOP , including fresh, chilled, frozen, preserved and processed seafood (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/index.cfm?targeturl=lst_no M_DTL&StrNom=HICP_2000&StrLanguageCode=EN&IntPcKey=&StrLayoutCode= EN). Since EUROSTAT provides production data in live weight, import/export net volumes are converted by using Conversion Factors (CF) for the purpose of building a harmonized Supply balance sheet. Taking the example of CF for cod, or more specifically for the item whose CN8 code is : this item corresponds to the following description: Fresh or chilled fillets of cod Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus macrocephalus and of fish of the species "Boreogadus saida. The CF is set at 2,85, representing an average of those found for skinned and boned fillets for this species in Eurostat/FAO publications. For the complete list of CFs used for the EUMOFA purposes, please refer to the Metadata published within the EUMOFA website at the link: 8/24415/Metadata+2+- +DM+-+Annex +8+CF+per+CN8_% % pdf/7 e98ac0c-a8cc af64ab II
4 HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION OF FRESH FISH PRODUCTS Data for the household consumption of fresh fish products are provided by EUROPANEL for 12 EU Member States. These data originate from representative household panels that record the details of every item purchased. Fresh fish species data monitored for each country are listed below. Denmark cod, dab, mackerel, mussel mytilus ssp., other flounders, other halibuts, salmon, trout, unspecified products; France cod, gilt-head seabrem, hake, mackerel, monk, saithe (=coalfish), salmon, trout, whiting, unspecified products; Germany carp, cod, herring, miscellaneous, shrimps, mussel mytilus spp., other freshwater fish, plaice, pollack, salmon, trout, unspecified products; Hungary total fresh products; Ireland cod, hake, mackerel, salmon, unspecified products; Italy anchovy, clam, cod, cuttlefish, European seabass, gilt -head seabream, mussel mytilus spp., octopus, salmon, squid, unspecified products; Netherlands cod, herring, mackerel, mussel mytilus spp., other cold-water shrimp, pangasius, plaice, salmon, shrimp Crangon spp., trout, unspecified products; Poland carp, mackerel, salmon, trout, unspecified products; Portugal clam, European seabass, gilt-head seabream, hake, mackerel, miscellaneous shrimps, octopus, salmon, sardine, scabbardfish, unspecified products; Spain cod, European seabass, gilt-head seabream, hake, mackerel, miscellaneous tunas, monk, other flounders, salmon, sardine, unspecified products; Sweden cod, European flounder, haddock, herring, other halibuts, other salmonids, pike-perch, salmon, unspecified products; United Kingdom cod, European seabass, haddock, mackerel, miscellaneous tunas, plaice, pollack, salmon, sole, trout, unspecified products. ESTIMATES OF AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS IN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. AQUACULTURE DATA. ESTIMATES AND EXTRAPOLATION FROM EUROSTAT, FAO AND MEMBER STATES PUBLICATIONS. For the procedure of assessment of origin of imports and exports, please refer to the EUMOFA Metadata at the link: - +DATA+ANALYSIS.pdf/b43e187e-9d9b-4d03-adbc-fede824c9b37. For the purpose of properly conducting an analysis on aquaculture production in the EU, EUROSTAT data have been integrated with data deriving from national sources, FAO and sector associations. This was necessary to deal with the fact that EUROSTAT lacks data for several Member States in several years. In order to solve this issue, the following integrations have been carried out. Austria: 2012 and 2014 data were integrated with figures provided by FAO. Belgium: data were integrated with figures provided by FAO. Cy prus: 2011 regarding gilthead seabream and the group Other seabreams were integrated with figures provided by FAO. Values were estimated by multiplying the volumes of each main commercial species to its average price (average calculated using the price corresponding to year-1 and year+1). Denmark: 2010 and 2013 values were estimated by multiplying the volumes of each main commercial species to its average price (average calculated using the price corresponding to year-1 and year+1) as provided by Danish AgriFish Agency data were provided by FAO. Estonia: 2010, 2012 and 2014 data were integrated with figures provided by FAO. Finland and Hungary: 2014 data were provided by FAO. III
5 France: data for salmon and turbot were integrated with figures provided by FAO v olumes for salmon, sole and turbot were integrated using FEAP; respective values were estimated by multiplying the v olumes of each main commercial species to its 2014 price data were provided by FAO. Germany: 2011 data were integrated with figures provided by the national source (DESTATIS). They refer to trout, carp, pike, pike-perch, eel, other freshwater fish and molluscs. Specifically as concerns mollusc figures, since no details at species level is provided by DESTATIS, the aggregate amount was entirely assigned to the species mussel. In fact, mussel is the main mollusc farmed in Germany (oyster production is limited). Since DESTATIS does not report values for 2011, they have been estimated by multiplying the volumes to its price as for year-1 (namely, 2010) and 2013 data were integrated using FAO data were provided by FAO. Greece: 2010 figures referring to values w ere integrated with the ones provided by the national source (EL.STAT.) data were integrated using FAO. Ireland and the United Kingdom: 2008 values were estimated by multiplying the v olumes of each main commercial species to its average price (average calculated using the price corresponding to year -1 and y ear+1) data were integrated using FAO. Latvia and Slovenia: 2014 data were integrated using FAO. Malta: 2010 data regarding bluefin tuna were integrated using FAO. Poland: 2010 data regarding carp and trout were integrated using Federation of European Aquaculture Producers (FEAP) figures. In the instances in which values were missing, 2012 prices (the only available in FEAP) were applied to 2010 and 2011 v olumes in order to estimate homogeneous values data regarding the group Other freshwater species were integrated using FAO. SPECIFICATIONS ON EU LANDINGS DATA The following issues should be mentioned regarding data used for the EU landings chapter: Portugal: 2014 figures are EUROSTAT provisional data 2014 data regarding ray were provided by the national source (DGRM). Belgium, Denmark, Germany and Cyprus: 2014 data are EUROSTAT estimates Netherlands: 2014 figures are EUROSTAT provisional data. It has also to be mentioned that almost all data reported for 2010, 2011 and 2012 are EUROSTAT estimates. Ireland: 2013 and 2014 data regarding hake, and 2014 data regarding mackerel, were provided by the national source (SFPA). PROCESSING DATA Processing data are collected from the EUROSTAT PRODCOM database, where data are organised in a specific nomenclature (PRODCOM classification of manufactured goods). In order to make these data more user-friendly, the analysis elaborated in this report The EU fish market has aggregated PRODCOM fish-related products into Commodity Groups. Below an example of PRODCOM codes aggregated into the Commodity Small pelagics : CGs Small Pelagics PRODCOM CODES Smoked herrings (including fillets) Smoked herrings (including fillets, excluding heads, tails and maws) IV
6 Prepared or preserved herrings, whole or in pieces (excluding minced products and prepared meals and dishes) Prepared or preserved sardines, sardinella, brisling and sprats, whole or in pieces (excluding minced products and prepared meals and dishes) Prepared or preserved mackerel, whole or in pieces (excluding minced products and prepared meals and dishes) Prepared or preserved anchovies, whole or in pieces (excluding minced products and prepared meals and dishes) EXTRA-EU TRADE. INTRA-EU TRADE. It encompasses all transactions between European Union (EU) Member States and countries outside the EU (non-member countries). It encompasses all transactions declared by Member States of the European Union (EU) with one another. For the analysis of intra-eu trade, only exports have been taken into account. Actually, intra-eu trade as reported by EUROSTAT covers both arrivals (i.e. imports) and dispatches (i.e. exports). Because of different valuation principle (CIF > FOB), arrivals should be slightly higher than dispatches. This is one of the main reasons explaining asy mmetries between import and export figures. In general, bilateral comparisons between MS of intra-eu flows have revealed major and persistent discrepancies. Therefore, comparisons dealing with intra-eu trade statistics and related results have to be taken into account cautiously and should consider the existence of these discrepancies. For more information, please visit EUROSTAT s Quality Report on International Trade Statistics, at 93/ /KS-TC EN- N.pdf. V
7 Table of contents 0. Highlights p The EU in the world p. 4 p Production p Trade p Consumption p EU market supply p EU self-sufficiency p Supply balance and apparent consumption p Consumption p Expenditures and volume of fish consumption p Consumer prices fish vs meat and food p Apparent consumption p Household consumption of fresh fish products p Out-of-home consumption p Consumption and production of organic fish and seafood p Geographical indications and traditional specialities guaranteed p Trade p Value of extra-eu balance trade by preservation state p Comparison between imports of fish and meat p Extra-EU imports p Extra-EU exports p Intra-EU trade p EU landings p Aquaculture production p Most relevant market trends p Processing p. 80
8 HIGHLIGHTS Highlights 0 A major market for seafood Growth of EU self-sufficiency and consumption EU consumers spent 54 billion euro for buy ing fisheries and aquaculture products in 2015, reaching the highest amount ever recorded. With respect to 2014, the expenditure increased 3,2%, due to a general positive trend recorded in all Member States (excepted Greece). The seafood supply in the EU grew by almost tonnes between 2013 and 2014 (+4,5%). The main driver was internal production, which rose by tonnes, mostly originating from fishing activities. The EU s self-sufficiency improved, moving from 44,5% to 47,5%. Per capita fish consumption per year increased to 25,5 kg, as EU consumers ate one kg of fish more than in The rise was more significant for farmed products (+6%) than for fisheries products (+2,7 %). However, consumption in the EU market is dominated by products originating from fishing activities (75% of total consumption). One of the most remarkable phenomena observed is the growing relevance of cod, whose per capita consumption increased 22% from 2012 to In 2015, the total household purchases of fresh cod amounted to EUR 1,4 billion, with the UK ranking first spending EUR over 600 million for it. Record level of fish imports The EU is the largest trader of fishery and aquaculture produc ts in the world in terms of value. In 2015, the trade flow amounted to EUR 49,3 billion and 13,8 million tonnes. Fish alone represents almost 20% of the overall EUR 120 billion worth of food products imported by the EU. The trade balance deficit (exports minus imports) of 2015 was the largest ever, confirming the EU as a net importer of fisheries and aquaculture products. The value of imported fish grew 6% from 2014 and reached EUR 22,3 billion. This was mainly determined by imports of cod, shrimps and salmon. For cod and shrimps, this rise took place in the context of significant price increases of 22% and 12%, respectively. In addition, a large 17% import price increase was recorded for other relevant groundfish species, namely Alaska pollock and hake. On the other hand, salmon price remained quite stable in Imports from Iceland registered a 19% growth, making this country the 3 rd largest EU supplier after Norway and China. Sales of cod and of fishmeal play ed a significant role in this rise. Increasing value of exports to extra-eu countries In 2015, the EU exported less fisheries and aquaculture products in volume (-11%) compared with 2014, but their value rose to EUR 4,5 billion (+3%), the highest amount ever registered. This value increase was driven by exports of bluefin tuna from Spain and fishmeal from Denmark. 1
9 HIGHLIGHTS Pivotal role of intra-eu trade EU landings Almost half of the fish products trade within and outside the EU consists of exchanges between EU Member States. In 2015, intra-eu exports were 4 times higher than exports to extra-eu countries, and totalled the all-time peak of 6 million tonnes worth EUR 22,5 billion. In 2014, the value of products landed in the EU was EUR 7,3 billion, 8% higher than its 10-year average. While in 2013 shrimps were the most valued species, hake surpassed them in 2014, thanks to a substantial increase registered by Spain and France. In volume terms, EU landings totalled 4,5 million tonnes which was a 7-year peak. Over 40% of the total was represented by small pelagics group. However, its 10-year trend is downward, due to the growth of groundfish and tuna landed and to a decrease of small pelagics landings by more than a quarter. Main market trends and dynamics The EU is the largest importer in the world. In 2015 its trade deficit reached EUR 17,8 billion, i.e. EUR 6 billion more than the United States deficit and EUR 7 billion more than the Japanese one. The EU deficit has been growing since 2009 and registered a significant 7% increase with respect to 2014, due to the growing imports of both frozen and fresh products. Nevertheless, during the EU self-sufficiency for seafood has been rising thanks to the increase of the internal production, which grew by tonnes in the same period. Groundfish, small pelagics and other marine fish were the groups of products for which the EU has reported an improved self-sufficiency in this 6-year period. Retail prices for fish and seafood products have been rising from 2010 to 2015, with the highest annual growth registered in Since then, the rate of increase has been shrinking every y ear. Tuna was the most-consumed product in the EU, with a per capita consumption of 2,6 kg in 2014, followed by cod, whose consumption significantly increased. The most consumed farmed species is salmon. It is also the species with the highest production value in the EU. Salmon ranked 3 rd among the most consumed fish species in the EU and, for the first time, its consumption surpassed 2 kg per capita in Mussel is the 2 nd most consumed aquaculture species, followed by tropical shrimps, the latter being solely based on imports. In the Member States surrounding the Mediterranean, farmed seabass and seabream are higher on the list of most consumed species. Despite a significant fall in its consumption from 2013 to 2014, herring was the most consumed small pelagic species in the EU (1,2 kg per capita). 2
10 HIGHLIGHTS Other trends and dy namics that notably impacted the EU market for fisheries and aquaculture products in 2015, were the continued import-ban imposed by Russia that contributed to the need of re - directing trade-flows previously going to Russia to either other export markets or internally within the EU. Currency issues have impacted the market place to a large extent. As important driver behind both pricing trends and volume shift, there was the appreciation of the EUR against the Norwegian Krone (NOK), the United States dollar (USD) and the Chinese Yuan (CNY) rates which in 2015 reached the lowest level in more than a decade. Parallel to a growing importance in imports from Iceland, the EUR depreciated against the Icelandic króna (ISK). During the first 7 months of 2016 the exchange rate trends seen in 2015 for NOK and ISK continued, with appreciation of EUR against the NOK (+9%) and depreciation compared with ISK (-5%). On the other hand, the EUR/USD exchange rate has remained unchanged in average. From the beginning of 2016 to end July, the Pound Sterling (GBP) weakened compared with the EUR (-11%), affected by the EU referendum in June In the first 7 months of 2016, the GBP depreciated 6% against EUR, compared with the corresponding period of
11 T h e EU i n t h e wo r l d The EU in the world Production EU production volume has been constantly increasing since Between 2012 and 2014, volume increased due to a 19% increase in catches and a 4% increase in aquaculture. This amounted to a total of 6,15 million tonnes in 2014, which was an increase of 15% compared with 2012, when it amounted to 5,34 million tonnes 1. During the same period, total world production increased 7 %, moving from around 182 million tonnes to 195 million tonnes. A significant 50% increase in aquaculture production was registered in Indonesia, while in Thailand, it dropped 27 %, due to an outbreak of early mortality sy ndrome (EMS) which hit shrimp farm production 2. In Peru, a total production drop of 25%, mainly due to the effects of El Niño, caused the country s ranking for catches 3 to slip. In 2013, Peru ranked fifth while the EU was sixth. Chart 1 World production (fishery and aquaculture) by continents, in volume (2014) Source: EUROSTAT (for fishery EU-28), FAO (for extra-eu countries and EU aquaculture) America 11% Europe 9% Asia 74% Africa 5% Oceania 1% It is worth noting that 92% of world aquaculture production and 72% of world catches originate from Asia, mainly China, Indonesia and India. In China the most important species produced are freshwater fish with 27 million tonnes, molluscs with 15 million tonnes and aquatic plants with 18 million tonnes. Since 2012, China has increased its freshwater fish production by 11%. Carp, the most important species it produces, accounts for 71% of the total freshwater fish. In Indonesia, the most important species, aquatic plants, account for 49% of total production, followed by marine fish with 28% and freshwater fish with 16%. In India the most important species produced are freshwater fish with 5,6 million tonnes and marine 1 In the EU Member States totalled 27. Croatia entered i n FAO The State of the world fishery and aquaculture 2016, pp Accor ding to FAO The State of the World Fishery and Aquaculture, (p. 4) Catches of anchoveta i n Per u fell to 2,3 mi llion tonnes in 2014 half that of the previous year and the l ow est level since the strong El Niño in
12 T h e EU i n t h e wo r l d fish with 2,3 million tonnes. In 2014, 79% of freshwater fish products imported in the EU originated from Asia. In America, the most important species produced are anchovy, Alaska pollock and herring, mainly in Peru, USA and Chile. In Africa, total 2014 fish production amounted to around 11 million, of which 5,4 million was small pelagics. Sardine, anchovy and herring together accounted for 2,5 million tonnes while freshwater fish amounted to 4,5 million tonnes. Nile perch of Tanzania is the most imported freshwater fish species in the EU originated from Africa. 5
13 Table 1 World production in 2014 (1.000 tonnes) Source: EUROSTAT (for fishery EU-28), FAO (for extra-eu countries and EU aquaculture) E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T h e EU i n t h e wo r l d Country Fishery Aquaculture Total %Total Fishery Aquaculture Total %Total Fishery Aquaculture Total % Total / /2012 China ,7% ,7% ,0% 3,4% 8,2% Indonesia ,4% ,2% ,7% 7,9% 36,2% India ,0% ,8% ,9% 4,4% 5,7% Viet Nam ,2% ,2% ,2% 5,1% 9,0% EU ,9% ,9% ,2% 10,2% 15,2% USA ,0% ,9% ,8% -3,0% -2,0% Myanmar ,5% ,5% ,6% 7,0% 13,0% Japan ,7% ,5% ,4% 0,1% -1,0% Philippines ,7% ,5% ,4% -0,4% -3,6% Russia ,5% ,4% ,3% -2,5% -2,0% Chile ,2% ,8% ,0% 14,6% -6,5% Norway ,0% ,8% ,9% 8,8% 4,9% Peru ,7% ,2% ,9% -38,1% -24,6% Bangladesh ,8% ,8% ,8% 4,0% 8,8% Korea; Republic of ,8% ,6% ,7% 5,4% 3,7% Thailand ,6% ,5% ,4% -4,2% -9,6% Malaysia ,2% ,1% ,0% -1,7% -6,0% Other ,2% ,9% ,8% 2,6% 4,5% Total % % ,0% 3,3% 7,3% 6
14 T h e EU i n t h e wo r l d 1.2 Trade The EU is the top trader of fishery and aquaculture products in the world in value. In 2015, total extra-eu trade (imports plus exports) amounted to EUR 26,81 billion in 2015, an increase of 6% from China s trade value ranked second to the EU, with EUR 25,73 billion, a 13% increase from EU domestic consumption is mostly supplied by imports, especially from Norway with EUR 4,83 billion. In general, the main products imported in the EU are frozen or prepared meals. Shrimps, tuna, whitefish and fish-meal are the most imported products. 1.3 Consumption World consumption moved from 16,1 kg/per capita in 2001 to 19,7 in 2013, marking a 22% increase. In this period, Asia registered the highest percentage variation, with a 32% increase. In 2013, Europe 4 and Asia increased per capita consumption by 2% and 8%, respectively, compared with 2011, while the rest of the world registered a decrease in In 2013, Oceania recorded the highest per capita consumption, despite a 6% decrease from Eur ope i ncludes the EU -28 countries and Albani a, Bel arus, Bosni a and Her zegovina, Iceland, Montenegr o, N orw ay, Republic of Mol dov a, Russi an Feder ati on, Ser bia, Switzerl and and U k r aine. 7
15 T h e EU i n t h e wo r l d Chart 2 Main trade flows of fishery and aquaculture products in the world (2015) Source: EUMOFA GTIS 8
16 Chart 3 Consumption per capita in the world (kg, ) Source: FAO E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T h e EU i n t h e wo r l d 21,8 Northern America 24,0 23,3 22,6 21,6 21,7 21,4 Europe 22,2 22,0 19,9 19,7 20,6 21,8 22, Asia 17,5 17,9 18,6 19,6 20,7 21,3 23, Latin America and Caribbean 10,1 10,0 9,1 9,3 9,5 9,4 8,9 Africa 8,3 8,3 9,1 10,4 9,9 10,9 9, ,9 26,3 27,0 Oceania 25,8 26,5 24,8 23,
17 EU m a r k e t s u p p l y EU market supply 2 The EU supply of fishery and aquaculture products grew by almost tonnes in 2014 compared with the previous y ear. The main driver was internal production, which rose by tonnes, mostly originating from fishing activities. Chart 4 Supply balance in 2014 (live weight equivalent) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Apparent consumption increased by over tonnes in Its structure had been changing since 2012, with cod gaining relevance as its consumption increased 25% from 2012 to Import 8,82 mln tonnes Export 2,03 mln tonnes Production (Food use only) 6,15 mln Supply 14,97 mln tonnes Apparent consumption 12,94 mln tonnes Table 2 EU production details (tonnes) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Food use Catches Aquaculture Non-food use Catches Both farmed and wild production increased during , farmed by 2% and wild by 11%. Non-food catches have had a fluctuating trend since 2009, mostly related to changing sandeel quotas. When these quotas decreased 22% from 2013 to 2014, the 2014 catches dropped a comparative 26%. 10
18 Apparent consumption Self-sufficiency rate E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 EU m a r k e t s u p p l y 2.1 EU self sufficiency The EU s self-sufficiency increased during The supply of the EU market is ensured by EU production and imports. The self-sufficiency rate which is the ratio of EU production (catches and aquaculture) to total apparent consumption of the EU market increased from 44,5% to 47,5% during , in spite of a consumption increase. It has to be noted that a significant part of this positive evolution was linked to the catch increase of species which are not totally landed in the EU (tuna, small pelagics). This means that the EU production was able to keep up with the rise of the internal demand in However, the top four species consumed in the EU cod, tuna, salmon and Alaska pollock represented 32% of the market, and were mostly or totally imported from third countries. Chart 5 EU market trend and self-sufficiency rates Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 14,00 12,00 60,0% 50,0% 10,00 40,0% 8,00 30,0% 6,00 4,00 20,0% 2,00 10,0% 0, ,0% Apparent consumption (million tonnes) Self-sufficiency rate Table 3 Self-sufficiency rate of most consumed products (2014) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Products Self sufficiency Mackerel 124% Herring 120% Mussel 100% Plaice 97% Sole 92% Sardine 91% Trout 90% Gilt-head seabream 90% European seabass 86% Monk 56% Clam 49% Hake 37% Tuna 34% Scallop 27% Squid 20% Salmon 18% Cod 12% Tropical shrimp 4% Freshwater catfish 3% Alaska pollock 0% 11
19 Apparent consumption Self-sufficiency rate E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 Table 4 Self-sufficiency rate by commodity group Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data EU m a r k e t s u p p l y Commodity group Bivalves and other molluscs and aquatic invertebrates 70% 65% 68% 62% 63% 60% 60% 64% 62% 61% Cephalopods 16% 16% 18% 17% 17% 17% 18% 21% 21% 21% Crustaceans 23% 23% 24% 23% 23% 21% 21% 21% 21% 21% Flat fish 89% 83% 87% 93% 93% 95% 98% 77% 79% 75% Freshwater fish 27% 20% 18% 26% 25% 22% 17% 17% 18% 20% Groundfish 30% 29% 27% 24% 22% 22% 18% 21% 22% 25% Other marine fish 52% 49% 51% 51% 57% 61% 60% 70% 69% 66% Salmonids 37% 36% 34% 34% 35% 35% 33% 31% 31% 30% Small pelagics 122% 110% 103% 103% 100% 106% 104% 109% 106% 124% Tuna and tuna-like species 32% 26% 24% 35% 24% 21% 26% 26% 29% 34% Total 50,2% 46,2% 46,8% 45,0% 44,6% 43,5% 43,1% 44,6% 44,5% 47,5% Small pelagics This category contributes the most to the overall EU self-sufficiency. In 2014, its production reached its 7 -year peak at 2,3 million tonnes, increasing by 15% over 2013 and leading to a self-sufficiency peak. However, demand for these products registered a decline, with their apparent consumption falling by more than tonnes. Chart 6 EU market trend and self-sufficiency rates for small pelagics Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 2,50 2,00 1,50 140% 120% 100% 80% 1,00 0,50 60% 40% 20% 0, % Apparent consumption (million tonnes) Self-sufficiency rate Groundfish In 2011, the self-sufficiency of groundfish plummeted due to increasing imports. It remained low in 2012 and 2013, but recovered in 2014, reaching 25%. This was due to a tonne rise in catches, mostly of blue whiting and hake. Cod, on the other hand, has its internal demand predominantly met through imports: in 2014, only 10% of the total supply was produced in the EU. Cod, together with Alaska pollock, which is not produced in the EU at all, significantly reduces the overall self-sufficiency of this commodity group. 12
20 Apparent consumption Self-sufficiency rate Apparent consumption Self-sufficiency rate E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 EU m a r k e t s u p p l y Chart 7 EU market trend and self-sufficiency rates for groundfish Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 3,50 3,00 2,50 35% 30% 25% 2,00 20% 1,50 15% 1,00 10% 0,50 5% 0, Apparent consumption (million tonnes) Self-sufficiency rate 0% 18% of the salmon consumed in the EU is produced internally Salmonids EU self-sufficiency for salmonids started to decrease in 2011, when imports grew by tonnes and production fell by tonnes, mainly related to a decrease of farmed trout. Imports grew 26% between 2011 and 2014, which reduced EU self-sufficiency to 30% in 2014, the lowest level of the last 11 years. Salmon alone has a remarkable impact on the low self-sufficiency of the whole group of products. Trout, however, has an opposite impact, with a high self-sufficiency of 90% in both 2013 and Chart 8 EU market trend and self-sufficiency rates for salmonids Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 1,50 1,25 40% 35% 30% 1,00 25% 0,75 20% 0,50 15% 10% 0,25 5% 0, Apparent consumption (million tonnes) Self-sufficiency rate 0% Flat fish EU self-sufficiency for flat fish plummeted over 20% in 2012 due to a substantial growth in imports of frozen fillets of flatfish from China (CN-8 code ). Although growth of catches generated a slight increase of self-sufficiency in 2013, it fell again during reaching 75%, due to both a tonne increase in imports and a tonne decrease in catches. However, the demand for plaice and sole, the most consumed species of this commodity group, is mostly satisfied through internal production. The self-sufficiency for plaice increased from 96% to 97 % in 2014, due to both increasing catches and lowered demand. As for sole, growing imports meant the EU self-sufficiency fell from 95% to 92%. 13
21 Apparent consumption Self-sufficiency rate Apparent consumption Self-sufficiency rate E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 EU m a r k e t s u p p l y Chart 9 EU market trend and self-sufficiency rates for flatfish Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data % 80% % % 20% Apparent consumption (1.000 tonnes) Self-sufficiency rate 0% Other marine fish In 2014, other marine fish registered a 69% to 66% decline in selfsufficiency, due to a tonne catch decrease. Within this category, the self-sufficiency levels vary for the most consumed species. For gilt-head seabream and European seabass, self-sufficiency was at 90% and 86% respectively in 2014, with both showing declines since The decline of the gilt-head seabream was a consequence of imports, mainly from Turkey, doubling from to tonnes, and aquaculture production dropping from to tonnes. The European seabass drop was almost entirely due to imports increasing from to tonnes. Monk s self-sufficiency increased from 53% to 56%, thanks to imports reduced by 7 % and production increasing 2%. Chart 10 EU market trend and self-sufficiency rates for other marine fish Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 1,20 1,00 100% 80% 0,80 60% 0,60 0,40 0,20 40% 20% 0, Apparent consumption (million tonnes) Self-sufficiency rate 0% Bivalves and other molluscs and aquatic invertebrates In 2014, despite recovering from the 2013 production shrinkage that concerned mussels, EU self-sufficiency for this commodity fell to 61%. Even though mussel demand is entirely covered by EU production, the commodity group fell due to a tonne growth in imports of other molluscs. 14
22 Apparent consumption Self-sufficiency rate E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 EU m a r k e t s u p p l y Chart 11 EU market trend and self-sufficiency rates for bivalves Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 1,50 1,25 100% 80% 1,00 60% 0,75 0,50 0,25 40% 20% 0, Supply balance and apparent consumption Apparent consumption (million tonnes) Self-sufficiency rate 0% Table 5 Supply balance and apparent consumption in 2014 at EU level and by commodity group (Live weight equivalent FOOD USE ONLY) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Commodity group Bivalves and other molluscs and aquatic invertebrates Production (tonnes) Import (tonnes) Export (tonnes) Apparent consumption (tonnes) Per capita (kg) Fishery Aquaculture Fishery Aquaculture Fishery Aquaculture Fishery Aquaculture Total Fishery Aquaculture Total ,93 1,75 2,68 Cephalopods ,15 0,00 1,15 Crustaceans ,20 0,73 1,93 Flat fish ,53 0,03 0,56 Freshwater fish ,17 0,98 1,15 Groundfish ,38 0,03 6,41 Miscellaneous aquatic products ,69 0,00 0,69 Other marine fish ,27 0,41 1,68 Salmonids ,02 2,54 2,56 Small pelagics ,67 0,00 3,67 Tuna and tuna-like species ,03 0,02 3,05 Total ,05 6,48 25,53 Data in this table may not align with data found currently on the EUMOFA website, which is constantly updated. In order to have a harmonized Supply balance sheet, import/export net volumes are converted to live weight equivalent by using conversion factors. In 2014, EU citizens ate one kg of fish more than in 2013 During , apparent consumption of fishery and aquaculture products in the EU totalled almost 13 million tonnes, registering a boost of tonnes. Per capita fish consumption increased to 25,53 kg, 3,5% higher than in The rise was more significant for farmed products, which registered a 6% rise in consumption, while consumption of wild fish increased 2,7 %. Nevertheless, consumption in the EU market is dominated by products originating from fishing activities, which represents three-fourths of the total. In 2014, they accounted for 19,05 kg of the per capita consumption, while 6,48 kg were from aquaculture. The aquaculture origin prevails in three commodity groups: salmonids, bivalves and freshwater fish. 15
23 C o n s u m p t i o n Consumption Expenditures and volume of fish consumption Chart 12 Household expenditure for fishery and aquaculture products in 2015 and % variation 2015/2014 (out-of-home consumption is excluded) Source: EUROSTAT (Purchasing Power Parities PPPs nominal expenditure) Since 2003, the peak in the total EU expenditure for FAP was registered in 2015, reaching around EUR 54 million In 2015, the EU household expenditure for fishery and aquaculture products totalled around EUR 54 billion. This represented a 3,2% increase from 2014, due to a generally positive trend recorded in all Member States with the exception of Greece. The UK recorded the highest increase from 2014 to 2015, with Italy, Spain and France also registering the highest expenditures for fishery and aquaculture products. Italy Spain France UK Germany Portugal Romania Belgium Sweden Greece Netherlands Poland Austria Finland Denmark Czech Rep. Lithuania Ireland Slovakia Croatia Latvia Bulgaria Estonia Luxembourg Hungary Cyprus Slovenia Malta ,9% ,1% ,1% ,0% ,1% 123 = ,2% ,9% ,0% 85 = ,2% ,0% ,7% ,9% ,2% ,9% ,0% ,9% ,7% +2,3% +1,3% ,5% ,3% ,2% ,7% ,3% ,0% ,6% million euro Portugal maintained the highest per capita household expenditure, recording EUR 311 in 2015, which was three times the EU average, and represented an increase of 49% since Central and Eastern European Member States registered minor expenditures. 16
24 C o n s u m p t i o n Chart 13 Per capita household expenditure for fishery and aquaculture products in the EU in 2015 and % variation 2015/2014 (out-of-home consumption is excluded) Source: EUROSTAT (Purchasing Power Parities PPPs per capita nominal expenditure) Portugal ,7% Spain ,9% Luxembourg 202-1,5% Italy ,6% Sweden 143 = Belgium ,6% France ,8% Greece 107-0,9% EU -28 EU ,9% Finland ,0% Cyprus ,0% Lithuania 97 +5,4% Romania ,6% Malta Denmark 94 +5,6% 93 +2,2% Estonia 92 +4,5% UK ,9% Austria 67 = Latvia 64 +4,9% Netherlands 60 +1,7% Ireland 60 +3,4% Germany 60 +1,7% Slovakia 49 +2,1% Croatia 48 +2,1% Slovenia 38 +2,7% Czech Republic 28 +3,7% Poland 24 = Bulgaria 17 = Hungary ,0% euro / capita / year Chart 14 Per capita consumption of fish and seafood (Live weight equivalent kg capita/year) per Member State, 2014 and % variation 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Portugal Spain Lithuania France Sweden Luxembourg Malta Italy Latvia EU EU average Cyprus Belgium UK Finland Ireland Netherlands Denmark Croatia Estonia Greece Austria Germany Poland Slovenia Slovakia Czech Republic Romania Bulgaria Hungary 7,8 7,5 6,3 6,0 4,6 34,4 = 33,2 +4% 33,1 +3% 32,0 +3% 28,9 +4% 25,5-5% 25,5 +4% 25,0 +3% 24,9 +5% 24,9 +1% 23,9-7% 23,0 +6% 22,6-3% 22,1-7% 18,4-7% 18,1 +3% 17,3 +2% 13,4-2% 13,3 +1% 13,0-11% 10,8 +5% -3% -6% +14% +10% +3% 46,2 +5% 44,7 +4% 55,3-2% 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 Kg /capita /year Among the EU Member States, Portugal registers the highest per capita consumption of fish and seafood products, although it contracted slightly from 57,5 kg in 2001 to 55,3 kg in Nonetheless, in 2014 the Portuguese consumed 30 kg per capita more than the EU average. The Member States with per capita consumption above the EU average, with the exception of Portugal and Latvia, registered an overall positive trend in
25 C o n s u m p t i o n Albeit at a lower rate than meat and other food, the household expenditure for fishery and aquaculture products in the EU increased from 2010, moving from EUR 51,9 billion in 2010 to EUR 53,9 billion in 2015, with a 3% increase from 2014 to In 2015, the EU expenditure for meat was EUR 220 billion. Italy, Spain and France have maintained their traditional expenditure habits for fishery and aquaculture products. In 2015, Italy recorded the highest amount in the EU with EUR 10,3 billion, marking a 5% increase from If we look at the ratio between meat and fish, Spain s expenditure for meat was twice as high as its expenditure for fish and seafood. In France the expenditure for fish and seafood was more than one -fifth that of meat. In Italy, expenditure for fish products was around one - third that of meat. Chart 15 Total household expenditure for fishery and aquaculture products vs meat in the EU in 2015 (out-of-home consumption is excluded) Source: EUROSTAT (Purchasing Power Parities - PPS) nominal expenditure 3.2 Consumer prices fish vs meat and food Italy Spain France United Kingdom Germany Portugal Romania Belgium Sweden Greece Netherlands Poland Austria Finland Denmark Czech Republic Lithuania Ireland Slovakia Croatia Latvia Bulgaria Estonia Luxembourg Hungary Cyprus Slovenia Malta billion euro Fish Meat Between 2010 and 2013, fish, meat and food consumer prices increased at the same rate. However, since 2013, food and meat prices have slightly decreased, while fish prices have continued their upward trend. Chart 16 Consumer prices (2010=100) Source: EUROSTAT Food Meat Fish and seafood 18
26 Table 6 Consumer prices (percentage change) - sectoral comparison Source: EUROSTAT C o n s u m p t i o n Sector Food +1,0% +3,2% +2,9% +2,8% -0,2% 0,0% +9% Meat -0,1% +2,8% +3,9% +2,8% +0,2% -1,0% +9% Fish and seafood +1,8% +4,3% +3,2% +1,9% +1,6% +1,1% +13% Consumer prices for fish and seafood products have been rising during the last six years, with the most significant growth registered between 2010 and Although the increase has continued, since 2011, the rate of increase has decreased every y ear. The price increase slowed significantly for meat and, to a lesser extent, for fish in 2014, but 2015 registered a stagnation for food prices in general. 3.3 Apparent consumption Products Per capita (kg) % wild % farmed Table 7 Apparent consumption of most important species (2014) Source: our elaboration based on EUMOFA data Tuna is the species mostly consumed in the EU Tuna 2,58 100% 0% Cod 2,40 99% 1% Salmon 2,09 0% 100% Alaska pollock 1,58 100% 0% Mussels 1,27 8% 92% Herring 1,20 100% 0% Mackerel 1,12 100% 0% Hake 1,00 100% 0% Squid 0,74 100% 0% Tropical shrimp 0,69 22% 78% Sardine 0,65 100% 0% Freshwater catfish 0,60 0% 100% Surimi 0,56 100% 0% Trout 0,42 0% 100% Clam 0,33 63% 37% Other (82 species) 8,30 82% 18% Total 25,53 75% 25% The 15 species listed in Table 7 were responsible for 69% of total apparent consumption of captured and farmed products. Of them, ten were consumed more in 2014 than in 2013, and the total EU apparent consumption increased by 3%. Compared with 2013, mackerel, cod and mussel registered the highest increases in 2014 with 40%, 9% and 16%, respectively. On the other hand, herring, with a drop of 22%, registered the strongest decrease in 2014 with respect to
27 kg per capita Kg/per capita E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 Chart 17 Apparent consumption of most important species in 2012, 2013 and 2014 Source: our elaboration based on EUMOFA data 3 2,5 2 C o n s u m p t i o n 1,5 1 0, Chart 18 Small pelagics Apparent consumption of most important small pelagics species ( ) Source: our elaboration based on EUMOFA data 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 1,20 kg per capita 1,12 kg per capita 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,65 kg per capita 0, Herring Mackerel Sardine In 2014, the most consumed small pelagics were herring, mackerel and sardine. Herring dropped by 22%, mackerel registered a significant 40% increase. while sardine showed a slight decrease of 3%. The apparent consumption of herring diminished from 2013, mainly due to decreased catches in Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany, the three Member States that represented 38% of the total volume of herring caught in the EU waters in The apparent consumption of mackerel grew significantly, mainly due to increased catches in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands of 76%, 45% and 54%, respectively. Sardine consumption decreased, due to diminished catches in Portugal and France of 47 % and 7%, respectively, while imports augmented as a consequence of Portugal s need to complement its own supply, which has been in sharp decline due to the conservation measures implemented. 20
28 kg per capita kg per capita E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 C o n s u m p t i o n Chart 19 Groundfish Apparent consumption of most important groundfish species ( ) Source: our elaboration based on EUMOFA data 2,50 2,30 2,10 1,90 1,70 1,50 1,30 1,10 0,90 0,70 0, Alaska pollock Cod Hake 2,40 kg per capita 1,58 kg per capita 1 kg per capita The most consumed groundfish species in 2014 were cod, Alaska pollock and hake. After a drop in cod consumption in with 2008 registering the lowest amount at 1,69 kg per capita the consumption of cod followed an upward trend, increasing to 2,40 kg per capita in 2014 for an 18% increase from Cod remained the most consumed species in the EU since Since 2005, consumption of Alaska pollock and hake has not followed the same trend as cod: hake consumption has slightly decreased and Alaska pollock has remained almost stable. Bivalves and other molluscs and aquatic invertebrates Chart 20 Apparent consumption of most important bivalve species ( ) Source: our elaboration based on EUMOFA data 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0, Scallop Mussels Clam 1,27 kg per capita 0,47 kg per capita 0,33 kg per capita In 2014, the apparent consumption of mussels increased by 13% from 2013, mainly due to fostered production increasing 36% in Spain, which is the most important EU farmer of mussels. The EU consumption of mussels registered a slightly fluctuating trend from 2005 to 2014, with the apparent consumption moving from 1,36 kg per capita in 2005 to 1,27 kg per capita in The consumption of scallop registered in 2014 was almost at the same level as in Its peak of 0,63 kg per capita was registered in 2010, and a 4% decrease was registered between 2013 and 2014, due to reduced catches in the United Kingdom and France of 11% and 29%, respectively. Since 2005, consumption of clam has remained stable at 0,35 kg per capita on average. 21
29 kg per capita E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 C o n s u m p t i o n Other species Chart 21 Apparent consumption of other species ( ) Source: our elaboration based on EUMOFA data 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,74 kg per capita 2,58 kg per capita 2,09 kg per capita 0,69 kg per capita 0,50 0,00 0,42kg per capita ,60 kg per capita Tuna Salmon Squid Tropical shrimp Freshwater catfish (including also pangasius) Trout In 2014, the demand of pangasius fell in particular in Spain, the Netherlands and Germany, the main consuming EU Member States With 2,58 kg per capita, tuna (canned) remained quite stable from 2013 but reported a 16% increase from 2012, when it had the lowest amount recorded. Canned tuna continued to represent the most important product in terms of consumption in Apparent consumption of salmon accounted for 2,09 kg per capita, a 9% and 38% increase from 2013 and 2005, respectively. Salmon is mainly consumed fresh or smoked. Between 2010 and 2014, the apparent consumption of freshwater catfish (mainly pangasius) showed a significant decline. The EU showed a 38% decrease in imports, from tonnes in 2010 to almost tonnes in 2014, due to falling demand, in particular in the main consuming Member States: Spain, the Netherlands and Germany which had decreased by 35%, 42% and 58%, respectively. 3.4 Household consumption of fresh fish products The household consumption of fresh fish products is analy sed among 12 EU Member States, which represent 87 % of total fishery and aquaculture products expenditure in the EU. After the stagnation of fresh consumption between 2013 and 2014, an overall clearly positive trend was observed between 2014 and 2015, with significant increases in most countries. 22
30 Table 8 Household consumption of fresh fish products, in volume (tonnes) and in value (1000 EUR) and % variation 2015/2014 C o n s u m p t i o n Source: EUMOFA, based on Europanel COUNTRY /2014 Value Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value Volume Denmark % -4% France % -1% Germany % 18% Hungary % -6% Ireland % 23% Italy % 3% Netherlands % 6% Poland % 7% Portugal % 9% Spain N/A N/A % -3% Sweden % 13% United Kingdom % 5% Total % 1% Chart 22 Main fresh species consumed by household (2015), in value Source: EUMOFA, based on Europanel 67% Other 17% Salmon 2% Mackerel 5% Hake 9% Cod In 2015, the main commercial species with the highest consumption value in the EU were salmon, cod, hake and mackerel, which combined covered 33% of the total EU fresh fish consumption. SALMON The UK is the largest consumer of salmon products in absolute terms. The UK, together with Spain and France are responsible for 71% of the total fresh consumption value, with EUR 1,05 billion, EUR 502 million and EUR 37 6 million, respectively. Since 2014, the consumption of salmon has increased in value and volume by 19% and 17%, respectively. 23
31 C o n s u m p t i o n COD Total household purchases of cod amounted to EUR 1,4 billion. The UK ranked first, with EUR 608 million, followed by France with EUR 322 million, Spain with EUR 218 million and Italy with EUR 137 million. From 2014, Spain and France decreased the consumption of cod in value, by -5% and -3% respectively, and volume, by -8% and -8% respectively, while the UK significantly increased by 12% and 22%, respectively. HAKE Hake is the most important species consumed in Spain with EUR 779 million. France and Portugal follow at distance, with EUR 43 million and EUR 30 million, respectively. From 2014, the total consumption of hake products registered slight decreases of 2% value and 4% volume. MACKEREL The UK, Spain and Poland, with mackerel consumption of EUR 91 million, EUR 7 5 million and EUR 51 million, respectively - accounted for around 75% of the EU s total consumption of EUR 290 million. From 2014, mackerel consumption registered slight decreases in both value and volume. Chart 23 Household consumption of fresh fish products in 2015 for the main EU Member States, in volume Source: EUMOFA, based on Europanel 3,6% Poland 3,6% Germany 7,0% Others 37,9% Spain 12,5% France 17,0% United Kingdom 18,4% Italy 24
32 million euro 1000 tonnes E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 Chart 24 Household consumption of fresh fish products in 2015 for the main EU Member States, in value Source: EUMOFA, based on Europanel 14,5% France 5,5% Germany 9,3% Others C o n s u m p t i o n 30,7% Spain 17,4% Italy 22,6% United Kingdom Among the 12 Member States surveyed, Spain, Italy, the UK and France were the most important, covering 85,7% of the total EU fresh fish consumption in volume and 85,2% in value. Spain Among the EU Member States, Spain ranked first in both volume and value. In value, in 2015, the most important species consumed were hake, salmon, sardine, cod and flounder, accounting together for 38% of the total fresh fish consumed. In terms of volume, these species accounted together for 43%. Chart 25 Main fresh species consumed by households in Spain, in value and in volume Source: EUMOFA, based on Europanel TOTAL CONSUMPTION 2015 EUR 4,95 billion Hake Salmon Sardine Flounder Cod TOTAL CONSUMPTION tonnes Hake Sardine Salmon Flounder Cod In Spain, total consumption slightly increased in value while decreasing 3% in volume between 2014 and Since 2013, hake consumption has decreased in both volume and value, but remains by far the main species consumed in Spain. 25
33 million euro 1000 tonnes E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 C o n s u m p t i o n During the same period, the consumption of salmon registered the most significant increments, increasing 39% in value and 24% in volume. In 2015, salmon consumption registered EUR 502 million for tonnes, increases of 17 % and 20%, respectively, from Sardine, flounder and cod have registered negative trends from Italy In 2015, Italy ranked second in volume of fresh fish with tonnes, but third in value with EUR 2,8 billion, after the United Kingdom. The most important species consumed in value were gilthead seabream, octopus, squid, European seabass and cod, which covered a combined 30% of total fish consumed. In volume terms, mussel is the main species consumed. Chart 26 Main fresh species consumed by households in Italy, in value and in volume Source: EUMOFA, based on Europanel Gilt-head seabream TOTAL CONSUMPTION 2015 EUR 2,80 billion Octopus Squid European seabass Cod Mussel Gilt-head Mytilus spp seabream TOTAL CONSUMPTION tonnes Anchovy Octopus Squid Between 2014 and 2015, the Italian consumption of the main species registered a positive trend of 4% in value and 3% in volume. However, since 2012, Italian fish consumption has decreased by 10% in value but increased by 5% in volume. United Kingdom In 2015, the most important species consumed in the United Kingdom were salmon, cod, haddock, pollack and mackerel, covering together around 62% of value and 63% of volume of the total fresh species consumed by household in the UK. 26
34 million euro 1000 tonnes million euro 1000 tonnes E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 Chart 27 Main fresh species consumed by households in the UK, in value and in volume C o n s u m p t i o n Source: EUMOFA, based on Europanel TOTAL CONSUMPTION 2015 EUR 3,65 billion 70 TOTAL CONSUMPTION tonnes Salmon Cod Haddock Pollack Mackerel 0 Cod Salmon Pollack Haddock Mackerel Between 2014 and 2015, the UK increased its fish consumption by 19% in value and 5% in volume. Since 2012, salmon and cod consumption registered the most significant growth in value and in volume. In 2015, pollack consumption decreased in value and in volume while haddock increased and mackerel stood flat. Chart 28 France Main fresh species consumed by households in France, in value and in volume Source: EUMOFA, based on Europanel Among the EU Member States, France ranked fourth with value of EUR 2,34 billion and volume of tonnes. In 2015, the most important species consumed fresh in value were salmon, cod, saithe, monk and trout TOTAL CONSUMPTION 2015 EUR 2,34 billion TOTAL CONSUMPTION tonnes Salmon Cod Saithe (=Coalfish) Monk Trout Salmon Cod Saithe Trout Whiting Mackerel In 2015, the consumption of fish species remained stable in value and in volume. Among the main species consumed fresh, salmon and cod are clearly predominant, in value and in volume. Salmon consumption increased in value and in volume from 2014 but decreased by 8% in value and 24% in volume from The analy sis confirms the propensity to consume a larger variety of fish species in the major southern countries (Spain, Italy and France), while the range of species is more limited in the UK, where salmon 27
35 accounted for 92% of the total fish consumed. C o n s u m p t i o n Other countries Denmark In 2015, a slight decrease in total consumption was due, in part, to a slight decrease in salmon, the main species. Germ any the consumption of fresh products is usually not high in Germany where consumers prefer processed fish (frozen, smoked, marinated, canned). However, in 2015, total fish consumed amounted to EUR 880 million in value. The main fresh products consumed are salmon and cod. From 2014, Germany significantly augmented its fish consumption, with a 15% increase in value and 18% increase in volume. Hungary the household consumption of fresh fish products has decreased in volume but increased in value since Ireland from 2014, the consumption of fresh products has increased by 21% in terms of value. The most consumed species, salmon and cod, together account for 60% of the total consumption of fresh fish products. Poland the consumption of fresh fish increased 7 % from 2014 and remains on an upward trend. Salmon is the most consumed fresh species, but freshwater species, trout and carp, have also registered significant increases since Portugal the household consumption of fresh products registered a 10% increase in value from 2014, mainly due to salmon, miscellaneous shrimps and European seabass, which represented together 27% of the total fresh fish consumed. Sweden the total consumption of fresh products, mainly salmon and cod, increased 11% over Out-of-home consumption The fisheries and aquaculture industry supplies fish and seafood through different distribution channels: retail, which includes fishmongers and large-scale retail (LSR); foodservice, which includes catering and commercial restaurants; and institutional, which includes schools, canteens, hospitals and prisons. France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK account for 72% of the total out-of-home EU expenditure for fish and seafood products in the EU. 28
36 C o n s u m p t i o n Chart 29 Fish and seafood consumption by distribution channel (2015), in volume Source: EUMOFA, based on Euromonitor 100% 90% 80% 4% 14% 7% 2% 3% 5% 18% 20% 20% 35% 70% In all countries, finfish sales through retail is by far the most important segment 60% 50% 40% 82% 73% 80% 78% 30% 60% 20% 10% 0% France Germany Italy Spain United Kingdom Retail Foodservice Institutional In 2015, retail represented the main distribution channel for fish and seafood products in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK. In absolute terms and through the retail segment, Spain registered the highest consumption with tonnes. Looking at the categories of products (finfish, crustaceans, molluscs and cephalopods), finfish products are obviously the mostly consumed among the 5 Member States and, in fact, account for 88% of fishery products sold through retail in Germany and the UK. Spain has highest consumption of crustaceans with tonnes, followed by the UK with tonnes, while France consumed tonnes of molluscs and cephalopods, registering the highest consumption of this category. Since 2010, the supply of fish products through retail decreased in all the top 5 EU Member States, except in the UK, which increased its supply of fish products through retail by 16% in the period Among the 5 EU Member States, the UK registered the highest amount of fish consumption through its foodservice segment, due to the specific importance of its fish & chips shops. The institutional segment remained the lowest outlet for supply ing fish and seafood products. 29
37 C o n s u m p t i o n 3.6 Consumption and production of organic fish and seafood UK 16,4 +13% Germany 12,1 +6% Chart 30 Organic fish consumption in 2015 and % variation 2015/2014 Source: EUMOFA, based on Euromonitor France Spain Italy 2,6 4,0 +33% = 2,5 +4% On average, in the main EU consumer countries, 1% of fish and seafood consumption originates from organic production 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20, tonnes Since 2012, the consumption of organic fish and seafood products has been constantly increasing, registering almost tonnes in In absolute terms, the UK leads the main consumer countries of organic fish, with more than tonnes of products consumed with organic production methods. Production and consumption of organic fish and seafood still represent a niche and new market in the EU despite growing demand for organic aquaculture products in the last y ears 5. The most important organic species consumed include salmon, trout and carp, as well as seabass, seabream and mussels. The EU demand for organic fish is higher than its production, which focuses mainly on salmon and to a lesser extent on trout, seabass/seabream, carp and mussel. Imports are a significant part of the EU supply, particularly of shrimps imported from Ecuador, Madagascar, Bangladesh, Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam; tilapia from Central America; and pangasius from Viet Nam) Geographical indications and traditional specialities guaranteed There are 46 denominations registered as geographical indications (GIs) and traditional specialities guaranteed (TSG) in the seafood sector. The most relevant Member States are the United Kingdom (10 products), Germany (7 products), France, Italy and Spain (5 products each). Three GIs are produced in extra-eu countries, namely China, Norway and Viet Nam. Five products have been registered since October 2015: TSG Hollandse Maatjesharing, Hollandse Nieuwe and Holländischer Matjes (October 2015): processed herring from the Netherlands; PGI Oberlausitzer Biokarpfen (November 2015): organic carp 5 CBI pr oduct factsheet: frozen organic seafood i n Europe - CBI 6 CBI pr oduct factsheet: frozen organic seafood i n Europe - CBI 30
38 C o n s u m p t i o n produced in Saxony, Germany, and sold live, slaughtered or processed; PDO Conwy mussels (June 2016): wild mussel caught in an estuary in the northern Wales; PGI Mojama de Barbate (November 2015) and PGI Mojama de Isla Cristina (February 2016): cured tuna loin from Andalusia. Almost two-thirds of the products are protected designations of origin (30), 28% are protected geographical indications (13) and 7 % are traditional specialities guaranteed (3). Among the 46 products registered, 54% are fishery products and 46% are aquaculture products. Fishery products are mainly sold processed, with 68% of the denominations for fishery products concerning totally or partially processed products. As for farmed products, 71% are sold unprocessed. Processed products cover a wide range of processing methods: smoked, cured, dried, cooked and canned, including fish roes and fish sauce. Table 9 Types of products under protected names in the seafood sector (June 2016) Source: DOOR, DG AGRI Unprocessed Processed Unprocessed / processed Total % Total Fishery % Aquaculture % Total % % Total 50% 35% 15% 100% N/A Main species covered by GIs and TSGs include carp (8 products, notably in Germany, Czech Republic and Poland), mussels (5 products in France, Italy, Spain and the UK), anchovy, cod, oyster, salmon, tuna and vendace (3 products each). Twelve other species are covered by GIs or TSGs. Among the 46 denominations, 76% cover finfish (35), 22% molluscs (10) and 2% crustaceans (1). 31
39 value (billion euro) E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T r a d e Trade 7 4 EU trade, comprising extra-eu imports and exports, and intra-eu exchanges, increased steadily from 2009 to In 2015, the trade flow amounted to EUR 49,3 billion and 13,8 million tonnes. While volumes remained stable compared with 2014, values rose by almost EUR 3 billion, an increase of 6%. In 2015, exchanges between EU Member States (intra-eu) and EU imports from third countries (extra-eu) both contributed to the overall growth in trade value. Intra-EU exchanges increased by EUR 1,48 billion and extra-eu import values increased by EUR 1,31 billion in 2015, as compared with Chart 31 EU trade flow Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0, Extra-EU export Extra-EU import Intra-EU exchanges , and data are at EU-28 l evel, as they include Croatia among reporting countrie s. 32
40 T r a d e Chart 32 Most relevant extra-eu trade flows (2015, in value) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 33
41 T r a d e Chart 33 Most relevant extra-eu trade flows by Member States (2015, in value) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 34
42 T r a d e 4.1 Value of extra-eu balance trade by preservation state Table 10 Trade deficits of major net importers (EUR billion, 2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data In 2015, the EU trade deficit was the largest ever, at EUR 17,8 billion. It grew by 7% compared with the previous year The EU trade balance deficit (exports minus imports) of 2015 was the largest ever, confirming the EU as a net importer of fisheries and aquaculture products. Country Trade deficit European Union 17,8 United States 11,6 Japan 10,4 The EU deficit, which had been rising since 2009, finally reached EUR 17,8 billion in This represented a EUR 1,17 billion, or 7%, increase compared with The deficit increase was mainly due to the growing imports of frozen and fresh products between and 2015, with frozen peaking at EUR 10,73 billion and fresh peaking at EUR 5,49 billion. The growth of frozen products in 2014 came after two years of declines. As for fresh products, the growing trend has been continuing since Chart 34 Structure of extra-eu trade of fishery and aquaculture products by preservation states in value Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data The overall extra-eu imports growth reflected significant increases in the top six EU destinations: Spain (+EUR 341 million), Sweden (+EUR 371 million), the United Kingdom (+EUR 167 million), Denmark (+EUR 117 million), the Netherlands (+EUR 147 million) and Italy (+EUR 80 million). Exchanges between Member States are mostly of fresh fish which accounted for 39% of total value in both 2014 and However, almost half of the products imported from extra-eu countries are frozen. IMPORT billion euro EXPORT 4,00 0,00-4,00-8,00-12,00-16,00-20,00-24, Fresh Frozen Smoked - Salted - Dried Prepared - Preserved Unspecified Balance 35
43 volume value extra-eu imports (billion euro) imported fish-to-meat value ratio E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T r a d e 4.2 Comparison between imports of fish and meat Fish represents almost 20% of the overall EUR 120 billion worth of food products imported by the EU. Chart 35 compares the values of imported fish and meat 8 in the EU, from 2006 to The grey line represents the evolution of the ratio between imported fish value and meat. During this decade, the EU imports of fish had an average annual growth rate of 3,5%, while meat imports rose by 2% on average. In 2015, the ratio between imported fish value and meat was 4,21, meaning the EU imported over 4 times more fish than meat. Chart 35 Extra-EU imports growth and ratio of imported fish value vs. meat Source: EUROSTAT : 3, : 4, fish meat imported fish-to-meat value ratio Extra-EU imports Extra-EU imports of fisheries and aquaculture products touched their decade value peak in 2015, reaching EUR 22,3 billion. This amount was more than double the EUR 9,8 billion value of the EU s wine exports 9. Wine is one of the products for which the EU holds most of its trade competitiveness. In 2015, the value of imported fish grew more than EUR 1 billion, a 6% increase from However, in the same period, volumes fell by tonnes, reaching 5,8 million tonnes. Chart 36 Total extra-eu imports Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 23,00 22,00 21,00 20,00 19,00 18,00 17,00 1,00 16,00 0, ,00 volumes (million tonnes) values (billion euro) 8 The compari son takes into account extr a-eu tr ade for the Combined N omenclature commodi ties 03 - Fi sh and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic i nvertebrates and 02 - Meat and edible meat offal of Section I Live animals; animal products 9 The compari son takes into account ex tra-eu trade for the Combi ned N omenclature commodities 03 - Fi sh and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic i nvertebrates and W i ne of fresh grapes, i ncludi ng fortified wines; gr ape must other than that of heading 2009 of Section IV Pr epared foodstuffs; bev erages, spirits and vi negar ; tobacco and manufactured tobacco substi tutes 36
44 EUR/kg E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T r a d e The value growth in 2015 was mainly determined by imports of cod, shrimps and salmon, which together showed an increase of almost EUR 650 million. For cod and shrimps, this rise took place despite significant price increases of 22% and 12%, respectively. Both were mostly imported frozen. On the other hand, salmon was almost entirely sold fresh, and its price was stable between 2014 and Chart 37 illustrates the trend in of average prices for the 5 top-valued import categories during Chart 37 Prices of top 5 values imported main commercial species and % variations 2015/2014 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 8,00 7,00 7,71 EUR/kg + 12% 7,55 EUR/kg = 6,00 5,00 4,00 5,22 EUR/kg - 2% 4,47 EUR/kg + 22% 4,16 EUR/kg - 2% 3,00 2, Cod Tuna (canned or loins) Tropical shrimp Miscellaneous shrimps Salmon Chart 38 Values of extra-eu imports by Member State in 2015 and % variation 2015/2014 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Spain Sweden United Kingdom Denmark 2,56 + 7% 2,19 + 6% 3, % 3, % Netherlands 2,04 + 8% Italy 1,97 + 4% France 1,94 + 2% Germany 1,87-5% Belgium Portugal Poland Greece Finland Lithuania Czech Republic Others 0,74 = 0, % 0, % 0,19 + 3% 0,17-5% 0, % 0,04 + 5% 0,27 + 2% 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 billion euro 37
45 T r a d e Chart 39 Volumes of extra-eu imports by Member State in 2015 and % variation 2015/2014 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Spain Denmark Sweden 858-3% % % Germany % Netherlands 494-3% United Kingdom 492-5% Italy 435-2% France 426-3% Poland Portugal Belgium Greece Ireland Finland Lithuania Others 173-1% % 115-7% 70-2% % 60-7% 53 = % tonnes Norway is the main source of EU fish-product imports. In 2015, EU imports from Norway reached 1,5 million tonnes worth EUR 5,3 billion, their highest ever import amount. This represented an increase of tonnes and EUR 448 million over Fresh salmon, which represented 70% of 2015 values of imports from Norway, had a value of EUR 3,7 billion. In 2015, imports from Iceland registered a 19% growth, making it rank 3 rd after Norway and China among EU suppliers Imports from China decreased by 6% between 2014 and 2015, from to tonnes. However, their values registered growth, reaching over EUR 1,5 billion. Values of EU imports from Iceland grew by a strong 19% in 2015, with a parallel 19% increase in volume, which reached tonnes worth EUR 1,1 billion. This, accompanied by a decline of imports from Ecuador, boosted Iceland to rank third among extra- EU countries of origin. Iceland s increase was based on its sale of fishmeal to Germany, Denmark and the UK. In the case of Germany, Iceland s increase balanced the tonne decrease in fishmeal Germany purchased from Peru. Peruvian fishmeal production and exports had dropped with the cancellation of Peru s second anchovy fishing season in In addition, China imported the biggest share of Peruvian fishmeal exports. 38
46 T r a d e Chart 40 Top extra-eu countries of origin by value (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Morocco 5% Iceland 5% United States 5% Ecuador 5% Viet Nam 4% India 4% Argentina 3% Canada 2% China 7% Others 36% Norway 24% Chart 41 Top extra-eu countries of origin by volume (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data United States 5% Iceland 6% Viet Nam 4% Morocco 4% Peru 4% Ecuador 4% India 3% China 8% Faroe Islands 3% Norway 26% Others 33% Almost all Member States reached their 10-year peak of extra-eu imports in value (except for Germany) In 2015, most importing Member States reached their 10 -year peaks in value terms. Germany was the only exception. Spain absorbed the major part of extra-eu imports, importing more than 1 million tonnes with a value of EUR 3,8 billion. While this marked a 10% value increase over 2014, volumes remained stable. Sweden followed with imports of tonnes and EUR 3,5 billion, due to large quantities of Norwegian salmon entering the EU being registered by customs as Swedish imports, even if most of it was dispatched and consumed elsewhere in the EU. Germany had a EUR 89 million decrease in imports from extra-eu countries, due to the decline in imports of fishmeal and salmon from Peru and Norway, respectively. This was not compensated by the EUR 22 million increase in non-food use products imported from Iceland. 39
47 million euro E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T r a d e Chart 42 Values of extra-eu imports per Member State Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Spain Sweden United Kingdom Denmark Netherlands Italy France Germany Others All commodities increased their imported value in 2015, except the non-food use products, which had decreasing volumes as well as value. Among the top 3 valued groups of species crustaceans, salmonids and groundfish the latter reported a significant EUR 527 million growth. This was mainly due to the EUR 309 million increase in value of cod imports, especially from Norway and Iceland. This increase was directly linked to the 22% increase in prices that mainly affected value of frozen cod, which had an increase of EUR 165 million. It is also worth mentioning that cephalopods reported a significant value increase of 17 % between 2014 and 2015, mostly attributable to the EUR 126 million or 29% increase registered for octopus. Table 11 Value of extra-eu imports by group of species (million euro) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data As shown in the table below, the increase in value of fish imported in the EU in 2015 is even more remarkable when compared with 2010, for most of groups of species. However, on the other side, freshwater fish registered a significant drop of EUR 157 million, a 20% decrease, due to a EUR 118 million or 32% decline in imports of freshwater catfish (including pangasius). Commodity group % variation 2015/ 2014 % variation 2015/ 2010 Crustaceans % +29% Salmonids % +46% Groundfish % +28% Tuna and tuna-like species % +40% Cephalopods % +16% Other marine fish % -9% Non food use % +11% Bivalves % +32% Small pelagics % +18% Freshwater fish % -20% Misc. aquatic products % -1% Flat fish % +93% Total % +26% 40
48 T r a d e Looking at volume variations, most commodities experienced losses between 2014 and Groundfish volume, for example, decreased tonnes, and the group miscellaneous aquatic products, which is mainly seaweed, decreased tonnes. Table 12 Volume of extra-eu imports by group of species (1.000 tonnes) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data However, most imported groups reported increasing trends for , especially salmonids. Commodity group % variation 2015/ 2014 % variation 2015/ 2010 Groundfish % +7% Salmonids % +39% Non-food use % +3% Tuna and tuna-like species % +7% Crustaceans % -9% Cephalopods % -13% Small pelagics = -16% Bivalves = +29% Other marine fish % -28% Freshwater fish % -37% Misc. aquatic products % -23% Flat fish % +56% Total % +1% Chart 43 EU imports by group of species by value (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Misc. aquatic products 2% Freshwater fish 3% Flat fish 1% Crustaceans 21% Small pelagics 3% Bivalves 4% Salmonids 21% Non food use 4% Other marine fish 5% Cephalopods 6% Tuna and tunalike species 12% Groundfish 19% 41
49 T r a d e Chart 44 EU imports by group of species by volume (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Misc. aquatic products 2% Flat fish 1% Groundfish 20% Freshwater fish 4% Other marine fish 4% Salmonids 15% Bivalves 4% Small pelagics 6% Non food use 14% Cephalopods 6% Crustaceans 10% Tuna and tunalike species 12% Crustaceans Since 2013, crustaceans have been the most valued group of species imported in the EU, representing 21% of the total. Its 2015 imports reached a value peak of EUR 4,6 billion for tonnes. This was due to an increase in import prices that affected almost all imported species of this group. The only exception was tropical shrimp, which was imported at a slightly declined price of 7,55 EUR/kg, which was only 0,4% less than Several of the important species within the crustaceans category had both decline in import volume and higher prices in For example, crab s volume declined 5,5% and its price increased by 15%, and lobster volume decreased 3% in volume, while its price rose 23%. For miscellaneous shrimp, which is primarily coldwater shrimp from the North Atlantic, and red shrimp from Argentina, import volumes were relatively stable, while import price still increased by 12%. Spain absorbed 22% of EU crustaceans imports. Total import value of EUR 1 billion marked an 11% increase from The main countries from which the EU imports crustaceans are India and Ecuador. Despite decreasing values reported in 2015, their combined coverage was 25% of the total at EUR 582 million and EUR 579 million, respectively. Imports from Viet Nam were also noteworthy, growing by a significant 18% from 2014 to 2015 to EUR 456 million, mostly destined for the UK and the Netherlands. Frozen shrimps rank second to salmon among products imported into the EU in value. In 2015, they amounted to EUR 3 billion which was EUR 58 million more than in
50 volume value E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T r a d e Chart 45 Frozen shrimps imported in the EU from extra-eu countries Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data ,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0, volumes (1.000 tonnes) values (billion euro) 0,00 Tropical shrimps Miscellaneous shrimps Despite steadiness in prices of frozen tropical shrimps 10, their imports fell by 5% between 2014 and 2015, totalling tonnes worth EUR 2 billion at 7,55 EUR/kg. Spain and France are the major markets, covering 45% of the EU total. Spain imported tonnes of tropical shrimps with a value of EUR 461 million, unchanged from Volumes remained stable in France as well, at tonnes, but a 5% fall was registered in value terms, dropping to EUR 456 million. Both Spain and France imported most of these products from Ecuador, at 5,91 EUR/kg and 5,86 EUR/kg, respectively. Imported miscellaneous shrimps 11 (mostly frozen) reached their decade peak in This represented a significant 12% increase from 2014, reaching almost EUR 1,9 billion, while volumes grew slightly and totalled tonnes. Argentina supplied 23% of EU imports of miscellaneous shrimp s in 2015, amounting to tonnes with a value of EUR 433 million. This represented increases of 10% volume and 14% value. Argentina sold the largest part to Spain, at 5,86 EUR/kg. Salmonids Salmonids imported in the EU reached all-time peaks in 2015, with volume reaching tonnes for a value of EUR 4,6 billion. These amounts represented increases of 5% in volume and 3% in value, compared with Salmon Salmon accounts for 95% of the EU s salmonid imports. In 2015, the EU imported an overall amount of tonnes, with a value of EUR 4,3 billion. Import prices decreased by 1,5 % compared with 2014, and by 2,5% compared with the peak reached in This is a result of growth in imported volumes driven by the Russian import ban, by Norwegian exports going to the EU, and by the 15% depreciation of the Norwegian currency against the EUR from 2013 to Tr opical shri mps main commercial species comprehend tw o CN -8 codes, namely (Deepwater r ose shri mps (Par apenaeus l ongirostri s), fr ozen) and (Shrimps of the genus Penaeus, frozen). 11 Mi scellaneous shrimps main commercial species i s the r esult of the aggregation of sev en CN -8 codes, namely , , , (unspecified shri mps and pr awns, fr ozen, not frozen and smok ed), , and (unspecified shri mps, pr epared or pr eserved, i n different packaging). 43
51 volume value E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T r a d e Of all salmon imported, 85% was fresh and originated from Norway, corresponding to tonnes and EUR 3,5 billion. According to Eurostat, it was mostly sold to neighbouring Sweden and Denmark, but they re-exported it to other EU countries. In other words, the real salmon importing countries were the main consumer markets in the EU, with France in the lead. Chart 46 shows that Norway more than doubled its exports of fresh salmon to the EU during the last decade. Between 2014 and 2015, growth rates of 10% volume and 7 % value were observed, while the average price slightly declined from 5,12 EUR/kg to 4,99 EUR/kg. Chart 46 Fresh salmon imported in the EU from Norway Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data ,00 3,50 3,00 2, ,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 volumes (1.000 tonnes) values (billion euro) Groundfish In 2015, groundfish accounted for 19% of EU imports from third countries in terms of value and 20% in terms of volume. This amounted to 1,2 million tonnes, a 2% decrease from 2014, at a value of EUR 4,1 billion, which was a remarkable 15%, or EUR 528 million, increase from 2014 and a 10 -year peak in value. This peak was primarily linked to a large, 17 % import price increase, which was positively affected by cod, Alaska pollock and hake. For the Alaska pollock, the USD s strengthening against the EUR was a pivotal reason for an increased import price from the US, China and Russia. Cod More than half of groundfish imported is cod. In 2015, it totalled tonnes and EUR 2,2 billion. Cod was also responsible for the value growth of the whole commodity group, as its imported value rose by 17 % or EUR 309 million, due to a 22% price rise in the face of a 5% contraction in volumes. The price increase was generated because the TAC 12, and thereby catches of cod in the North Atlantic, decreased by nearly 10% in Norway and Iceland were the main countries of origin. Norway totalled tonnes and EUR 7 89 million, with a 30% price increase (from 3,50 to 4,54 EUR/kg), while Iceland reached tonnes and EUR 558 million, with a 15% price increase. Both reported values increases, of 16% and 13%, respectively. The Netherlands was the major importer of cod deriving from extra - EU countries, mostly from Iceland at 5,20 EUR/kg, and from Russia at 3,75 EUR/kg. However, these products were then re -exported to other Member States. 12 Total Allowable Catches 44
52 T r a d e Hake Imports of hake covered 15% of total groundfish originating from extra-eu countries. An 8% price growth, observed between 2014 and 2015, caused values to increase 7 %, from EUR 532 million to EUR 572 million. Volumes, however, stood flat at almost tonnes. Hake is mostly sold by Namibia, which had exports to the EU amounting to tonnes worth EUR 206 million in Spain absorbed 70% of it, mostly as frozen fillets, at 3,59 EUR/kg. Tuna and tuna-like species Processed tuna Extra-EU imports of tuna and tuna-like species 13 totalled tonnes in 2015, worth over EUR 3 billion. Among these, swordfish imports reached tonnes, with a value of EUR 125 million. The major part of this commodity consists of processed tuna. In 2015, its value of more than EUR 2 billion represented almost 70% of total imported tuna. Volumes were at tonnes. This category comprises canned tuna (80%) and tuna loins for the canning industry (20%). In looking at the composition by specific species, skipjack tuna covered more than half of the total, with tonnes valued at over EUR 1 billion imported in Yellowfin tuna followed, with tonnes accounting to EUR 637 million. Chart 47 Processed tuna imported from extra-eu countries (by value, 2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Miscellaneous tunas 13% Skipjack tuna 55% Yellowfin tuna 32% The most relevant suppliers sold these products at a lower price in 2015, compared with As regards Ecuador, the price went from 3,87 EUR/kg to 3,72 EUR/kg. Mauritius and Thailand registered very slight 1% price decreases, with Mauritius selling it at 3,90 EUR/kg and Thailand at 3,49 EUR/kg. Extra-EU imports of processed tuna are mostly absorbed by Spain, Italy and the UK. In 2015, Italy imported the lowest amount of these products of the last decade, mainly due to declining imports from Ecuador that destined most processed tuna to Spain, offset by an increase of intra-eu imports. 13 The commodity gr oup Tuna and tuna-like species includes the followi ng mai n commercial species: al bacore tuna, bi geye tuna, bluefin tuna, skipjack tuna, sw or dfi sh, y ellowfin tuna, and the aggr egation miscellaneous tunas. 45
53 T r a d e Non-food use products Non-food use products represented 14% of the volume of fish imported by the EU, ranking third among all commodity groups. In 2015, they totalled tonnes worth EUR 879 million. Half of these values specifically refer to fishmeal. Chart 48 Non-food use products imported from extra- EU countries (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Fish oil 21% volume Fishmeal 33% Fish oil 31% value Fishmeal 43% Fish waste 46% Fish waste 26% Fishmeal Fishmeal imported in the EU amounted to tonnes worth EUR 37 4 million in 2015, the lowest volume of the last decade and a 25% decrease from Values also decreased, but to a lesser extent of 11%. The volume fall was due to declining imports from Peru, the most important supplier. In 2015, Peru sold tonnes of fishmeal valued at EUR 60 million to the EU, which was tonnes and EUR 121 million less than in At Member State level, Germany and Denmark are fishmeal s main markets. Denmark mostly imports animal feed from Norway, and Germany imports almost entirely flours, meals and pellets from Peru, mainly for use as poultry feed and for pig farming. While Denmark reported growing imports of fishmeal between 2014 and 2015 from tonnes and EUR 56 million to tonnes and EUR 89 million Germany reported a decrease. Its import of tonnes of fishmeal was tonnes less than 2014, and its value of EUR 165 million was EUR 61 million less than Germany also observed a substantial price growth, with fishmeal imported at EUR/tonne, which was 200 EUR/tonne or 17 % higher than Denmark imported fishmeal at an average price of EUR/tonne which was 335 EUR/tonne or 40% higher than in Fish oil Volumes of imported fish oil fell 11% during , from to tonnes. In value terms, a 3% decrease was observed, from EUR 281 million to EUR 27 4 million. Almost 65% of fish oil comes from Peru and Norway. Denmark accounted for 48% of EU imports, totalling tonnes worth EUR 146 million. As a consequence of a substantial 25% price increase from to EUR/tonne volumes plummeted by 46
54 volume value E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T r a d e tonnes or 26% between 2014 and Extra-EU exports After the peak reached in 2014, 2015 extra-eu exports decreased in volume by 11%, dropping to 1,92 million tonnes. However, this was tonnes higher than the 10 -year average. Value rose by 3%, from EUR 4,4 billion to EUR 4,5 billion, the highest amount ever registered. Chart 49 Total extra-eu exports Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 2,50 2,00 5,00 4,00 1,50 3,00 1,00 2,00 0,50 1,00 0, ,00 volumes (million tonnes) values (billion euro) In 2015, the top 5 Member States exporting outside the EU reported growing values (except for the UK) Four of the top 5 exporting Member States registered a value growth between 2014 and The UK was the only exception. Indeed, UK extra-eu exports that totalled EUR 622 million for tonnes represented decreases of tonnes and EUR 85 million. This was due to declining exports of salmon to the United States and China. Spain exported tonnes worth EUR 830 million outside the EU. While this represented a EUR 29 million increase, volumes fell by tonnes with respect to the peak it reached in Denmark reached its highest export value of the last decade which, at EUR 7 28 million, was almost EUR 100 million more than in In terms of volume, a 6% growth was observed, totalling tonnes. The Netherlands confirmed itself as the most relevant exporting Member State in volume terms, accounting for tonnes, despite a significant tonne or 19% decrease. Value of its exports rose slightly, and totalled EUR 600 million. 47
55 T r a d e Chart 50 Values of extra-eu exports by Member State in 2015 and % variation 2015/2014 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Spain Denmark United Kingdom Netherlands % % % % France Germany Ireland Portugal Italy Poland Croatia Malta Estonia Sweden Greece Others % % % 177-3% % % % % % % % 180-8% Chart 51 Volumes of extra-eu exports by Member State in 2015 and % variation 2015/2014 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data million euro Netherlands % Spain % Denmark % Ireland % United Kingdom Germany France Estonia Latvia Portugal % % % 70-8% 45-32% 36-9% Poland 27-1% Italy Lithuania Croatia Sweden Others 23-21% 18-21% % 12-29% 45-3% tonnes EU exports to the United States were the most valued, at EUR 521 million for tonnes, quite stable amounts if compared with the previous year. Exports to Norway followed and totalled EUR 443 million with a volume of tonnes, marking a 26% fall in volume terms. This was the lowest level since 2008, due to declining exports of fishmeal from Denmark. Denmark increased it sale of fishmeal to Japan, China and Russia in 2015, which is why the share destined to Norway decreased. Exports to Nigeria, a major extra-eu market for small pelagics from the Netherlands, fell by 12% or tonnes, reaching tonnes with a value of EUR 27 5 million. 48
56 T r a d e Chart 52 Top extra-eu countries of destination by value (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Japan 7% Nigeria 6% Viet Nam 4% Egypt 3% Hong Kong 3% China 7% Morocco 2% Switzerland 9% Norway 10% Others 37% United States 12% Chart 53 Top extra-eu countries of destination by volume (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data United States 4% China 6% Ukraine 4% Côte d'ivoire 3% Morocco 3% Japan 3% Mauritius 3% Egypt 8% Norway 12% Others 40% Nigeria 14% 49
57 T r a d e Table 13 EU exports (million euro) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Commodity group % variation 2015/ 2014 % variation 2015/ 2010 Small pelagics % +29% Salmonids % +99% Tuna and tuna-like species % +47% Non food use % +65% Other marine fish % -9% Crustaceans % +38% Misc. aquatic products % +41% Groundfish % +25% Flat fish % +88% Bivalves % +86% Cephalopods % +77% Freshwater fish % +24% Total % +44% Table 14 EU exports (1.000 tonnes) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Commodity group % variation 2015/ 2014 % variation 2015/ 2010 Small pelagics % -11% Non food use % +15% Tuna and tuna-like species % +2% Groundfish % = Salmonids % +67% Misc. aquatic products % +16% Other marine fish % -22% Crustaceans % -9% Flat fish % +24% Cephalopods % +14% Bivalves % +11% Freshwater fish % +71% Total % = 50
58 T r a d e Small pelagics Despite a decline, small pelagics was the group of species most exported outside of the EU in However, its share fell from 20% to 17% in value and from 39% to 36 % in volume. Chart 54 EU exports by group of species by value (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Groundfish 7% Misc. aquatic products 7% Flat fish 6% Bivalves 3% Cephalopods 3% Freshwater fish 1% Small pelagics 17% Salmonids 15% Main commercial species Value (million euro) Mackerel 264 Herring 178 Horse mackerel 167 Anchovy 72 Sardine 54 Misc. small pelagics 35 Crustaceans 8% Chart 55 EU exports by group of species by volume (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Other marine fish 5% Misc. aquatic products 5% Other marine fish 8% Cephalopods 1% Crustaceans 4% Flat fish 2% Bivalves 1% Non food use 12% Freshwater fish 1% Tuna and tunalike species 13% Small pelagics 36% Main commercial species Volume (1.000 tonnes) Mackerel 223 Herring 215 Horse mackerel 148 Misc. small pelagics 33 Sardine 29 Sprat 26 Salmonids 6% Groundfish 8% Non food use 18% Tuna and tunalike species 13% Mackerel Herring Horse mackerel After reaching a peak in 2014, extra-eu exports of mackerel declined 16% in value and 9% in volume in 2015, totalling tonnes with a value of EUR 264 million. Almost all mackerel was sold frozen, mainly by the Netherlands and Ireland, which sold 46% and 24% of the total, respectively. Nigeria was the main country of destination for both EU suppliers. In 2015, it imported frozen mackerel from the Netherlands at 1,23 EUR/kg and from Ireland at 1,27 EUR/kg, both of which represented a 3% decrease compared with Herring exports dropped as well, amounting to tonnes and EUR 17 8 million, which were decreases of 21% and 7 %, respectively. The Netherlands, home of the largest EU freezer trawler company involved in pelagic fishing, accounted for 60% of total extra-eu exports, with tonnes valued at EUR 108 million. However, this represented a plummet of almost tonnes and EUR 17 million. Dutch exports of herring were mostly directed to Nigeria and Egy pt. Horse mackerel was the only small pelagics species to register a value growth between 2014 and Its extra-eu exports totalled EUR 167 million, which was a 5% increase over V olumes fell at the same rate, reaching tonnes. The Netherlands, Spain and Ireland, the main exporting Member States, respectively covered 51
59 T r a d e 37 %, 29% and 24% of the total. Of them, Dutch exports reported a minor decrease while Spain and Ireland remained almost flat. Egy pt, the main market, represented over 41% of the total, followed by West African countries of Nigeria, Cameroon and Ghana. Non-food use products Chart 56 Non-food use products exported to extra-eu countries (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Compared to imported non-food use products, those exported by EU Member States included a wider share of fish oil that represented 37 % in terms of value. Fishmeal accounts for almost 60% of the total. In 2015, values of extra-eu exports of non-food use products peaked at EUR 563 million, which was 9% more than in Volumes fell by 9% and totalled tonnes. volume value Fish waste 12% Fishmeal 58% Fish waste 7% Fishmeal 56% Fish oil 30% Fish oil 37% Fishmeal Fish oil The EU exported tonnes of fishmeal with a value of EUR 315 million in The main exporter, Denmark, accounted for 60% of the total in Its exports were mostly destined to Norway, where fishmeal was sold at EUR/tonne, 6% more than the 2014 price. The value of fish oil exported by the EU reached its peak in 2015, at EUR 211 million, which represented a 9% growth over However, in volume terms, fish oil had a 12% fall, dropping to tonnes. Denmark exported almost all of it (90%), mainly to Norway at a significantly higher price, moving from EUR/tonne to EUR/tonne, which was 26% more than in Volumes decreases by over tonnes. Tuna and tuna-like species EU exports of tuna mostly consist of catches by the French and Spanish fleets, landed in African countries (Atlantic and Indian Oceans) and Ecuador. At a later stage, France and Spain process the tuna and sell it as loins or canned tuna, particularly to EU Member States. Almost all EU exports of fresh and frozen tuna come from Spain and France. Spain s main destination countries in 2015, Mauritius, 52
60 T r a d e Chart 57 Export flows of frozen and fresh tuna (volume, 2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Ecuador and Seychelles, maintained the same relevance as in On the other hand, French exports to Ghana skyrocketed, increasing almost 5-fold during , while its exports to Thailand decreased. Skipjack tuna In 2015, exports of skipjack tuna totalled tonnes worth EUR 178 million, reporting a remarkable 30% rise in value terms and slight 3% decline in volume. It was sold almost entirely frozen. Spain exported almost tonnes of skipjack tuna at an average price of 1,09 EUR/kg, which was 11% higher than the 2014 price. France sold tonnes at 1,04 EUR/kg, which was the same price as the previous year. Yellowfin tuna Extra-EU exports of frozen yellowfin tuna stood flat with respect to 2014, at tonnes worth EUR 133 million. Spain and France accounted for and tonnes, respectively, with values of EUR 7 9 million and EUR 44 million. Salmonids Salmon In 2015, salmonids exports to extra-eu countries started to decline, due to falling exports from the UK After a decade of growth, extra-eu exports of salmonids started to decline in 2015, due to falling exports of salmon by the UK. The export volume of tonnes with a value of EUR 674 million represented a drop of tonnes and EUR 30 million from 2014 totals. EU exports of salmon amounted to tonnes with a value of EUR 567 million, marking a significant EUR 33 million fall from The UK share, which was early three-fourths of the total in 2014, dropped to 63% in Its exports mostly consisted of fresh salmon. The major extra-eu market, the United States, imported tonnes at 7,42 EUR/kg in 2015, a price drop of 14% from Smoked salmon accounts for 8% of the salmon exported by the EU, but represents only 19% of the total value. The major exporters, 53
61 volume value E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 T r a d e Germany and the Netherlands, totalled and tonnes each in While the Netherlands exported smoked salmon at 20,05 EUR/kg, Germany exported it at 15,77 EUR/kg. It is worth mentioning the significant increase reported by France, which doubled volumes from less than 400 tonnes to more than 700 tonnes, and almost tripled the value, thanks to a strong increase in sales to Switzerland. 4.5 Intra-EU trade Almost half of fish products trade within and outside the EU consists of exchanges between EU Member States. In 2015, they reached their highest amount of the last 10 years, at 6 million tonnes for EUR 22,5 billion, which represented 4% and 7 % increases, respectively, compared to Chart 58 Intra-EU trade Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0, ,00 volumes (million tonnes) values (billion euro) In terms of value, the largest 15 flows, shown in chart 59, accounted for 17 % of the 2015 total and, combined, amounted to almost EUR 4 billion. With respect to the previous year, a change was observed regarding Spain s exports to Italy, with squid surpassing tuna as the most sold product in This could have been due to Italy s decreasing imports of squid from Thailand, its major supplier. 54
62 T r a d e Chart top flows within the EU in value (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data All species are exchanged within the EU. At EUR 6,4 billion and over 1 million tonnes, salmonids reached their 10-year peak in Other relevant groups of species also reported their highest amounts of intra-eu exchanges. For example, groundfish accounted for almost tonnes with a value of EUR 3 billion, and small pelagics reached EUR 1,5 billion and 1 million tonnes. Chart 60 Intra-EU trade by commodity group by value (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Non food use 4% Flat fish 3% Freshwater fish 2% Salmonids 28% Cephalopods 4% Bivalves 4% Misc. aquatic products 6% Groundfish 13% Tuna and tunalike species 6% Small pelagics 7% Other marine fish 10% Crustaceans 13% 55
63 T r a d e Chart 61 Intra-EU trade by commodity group by volume (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Small pelagics 19% Freshwater fish 2% Flat fish 2% Cephalopods 4% Bivalves 5% Salmonids 17% Groundfish 13% Crustaceans 5% Tuna and tunalike species 5% Misc. aquatic products 8% Other marine fish 9% Non food use 11% Salmonids Intra-EU exchanges of salmonids increased significantly between 2005 and 2015, with an average annual growth rate of 12%. They almost entirely originate from Norway. Salmon Salmon alone represents 25% of total intra-eu trade in value terms and 15% in volume. In 2015, it accounted for tonnes worth EUR 5,7 billion, an increase of tonnes and EUR 280 million. Although volume was significantly higher than 2014, the resulting price of 6,16 EUR/kg represented only a 3% decrease. Of salmon traded within the EU, 80%, or tonnes, was fresh. In value terms, it totalled EUR 4 billion, but the share dropped to 70%, because of the market for smoked products, which totalled EUR 1,2 billion for tonnes. Frozen salmon represented 8% of total in both volume and value, at tonnes and EUR 483 million. Sweden, the main player, exported the majority of its salmon, tonnes, to Poland at 4,89 EUR/kg. France, Sweden s second most important country of destination, received tonnes of salmon at 5,43 EUR/kg. France sends around one -third and Poland sends almost half of their imported salmon to smoking industries. Groundfish Groundfish traded in the EU in 2015 reached peaks of tonnes and EUR 3 billion. While this was a 5% increase in volume, the value rose 15% over 2014, due to remarkable growth reported by the Netherlands exports of cod. Cod The value of cod traded within the EU increased notably, registering EUR 27 6 million more in 2015 than in 2014, with a decade peak of EUR 1,8 billion. Of total value, 36% was traded frozen, 32% dried/salted, 29% fresh and 3% prepared/preserved. All of the most relevant players reported significant increases. For the Netherlands 56
64 T r a d e and Sweden, it rose by EUR 100 million and EUR 80 million, respectively, and, to a lesser extent, Denmark and Germany reported increases of EUR 34 million and EUR 13 million each. In terms of volume, an overall tonnes growth led to a total of almost tonnes in 2015, despite average price increased 12%, from 4,12 EUR/kg to 4,60 EUR/kg. Tuna and tuna-like species Canned tuna In 2015, tuna and tuna-like species traded in the EU reached tonnes worth EUR 1,4 billion, representing increases of 8% and 6%, respectively. Of this group, 63% was canned tuna, which accounted for tonnes and EUR 887 million in Canned tuna also saw a price drop of 8%, from 4,74 EUR/kg to 4,37 EUR/kg, compared with 2014, which contributed to a 10% volume growth. Spain is the major Member State trading canned tuna. However, its share of the EU total fell during , from 51% to 48%, due to the Netherlands report of a boost from to tonnes. Exports from Spain, totalling tonnes and EUR 437 million, were mainly destined to Italy and sold at 5,01 EUR/kg. On the other hand, the Netherlands mostly sold canned tuna to the German market, at 2,76 EUR/kg. Small pelagics In terms of volume, small pelagics are the most relevant species traded within the EU. In 2015, they were mostly traded frozen (48%) and fresh (33%), with prepared/preserved products accounting for 17 % of the total, and dried/salted/smoked products comprising another 2%. In total, they amounted to more than 1 million tonnes and EUR 1,5 billion. This was a tonne growth with a significant EUR 42 million increase that was driven by the Netherlands. Indeed, Netherlands export of small pelagics to other Member States went from to over tonnes, and from EUR 118 million to EUR 164 million. Other important players were Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Herring Herring ranks second among fish species traded in the EU, in terms of volume. In 2015, it accounted for tonnes with a value of EUR 568 million, which represented an increase of almost EUR 30 million. However, herring s price grew marginally, from 1,13 EUR/kg to 1,17 EUR/kg between 2014 and Denmark, the main player, accounted for tonnes worth EUR 145 million in This amounted to a remarkable 14% or EUR 18 million growth from 2014, and almost brought Denmark to the level of Poland, the main player in value terms. Both Denmark and Poland destined most of their herring to Germany, selling it at very different prices of 0,87 EUR/kg and 2,58 EUR/kg, respectively. Non-food use products In 2015, non-food use products covered 11% of total in terms of volume and were among the top 3 fish products traded in the EU. They accounted for tonnes worth EUR 7 60 million, and 57
65 T r a d e Chart 62 Non-food use products traded within the EU (2015) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data reported small increases of 2% in volume and 6% in value from Fish oil 15% volume Fishmeal 43% value Fishmeal 50% Fish oil 25% Fish waste 42% Fish waste 25% Fishmeal Denmark and Germany are the main dealers of fishmeal. In 2015, they together covered 42% of the total. Table 15 shows a breakdown of their most relevant exports of fishmeal to other Member States. Table 15 Most relevant intra-eu exports of fishmeal from Denmark in 2015 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Importing Member State Volume (tonnes) Price (EUR/tonne) % price variation 2015/2014 Greece % Italy % United Kingdom % Germany % Other Member States % Total % Table 16 Most relevant intra-eu exports of fishmeal from Germany in 2015 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Importing Member State Volume (tonnes) Price (EUR/tonne) % price variation 2015/2014 Greece % United Kingdom % Denmark % France % Other Member States % Total % 58
66 T r a d e Crustaceans Miscellaneous shrimps Tropical shrimps Exchanges of crustaceans between EU Member States reached their 10-year value peak in 2015, totalling EUR 2,8 billion. This was a 6% increase compared with Volume, which reached tonnes, represented a 3% decrease. Crustaceans traded within the EU are mostly represented by miscellaneous shrimps, mostly comprising prepared/preserved and frozen products. Total exchanges amounted to tonnes in 2015, unchanged from 2014, but a 14% value increase brought the total to EUR 1 billion. Denmark, the main player, traded tonnes with a value of EUR 251 million, selling mainly to the United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany and Italy. Intra-EU trade of tropical shrimps remained almost flat during , at tonnes worth EUR 690 million. They were mostly sold by the Netherlands ( tonnes and EUR 181 million), Belgium ( tonnes and EUR 153 million) and Spain ( tonnes and EUR 129 million). France, Germany and Portugal were their main markets of destination, respectively. 59
67 billion euro volume value E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 EU l a n d i n g s EU landings 5 Main findings Chart 63 EU level Total landings in the EU Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data In 2014, the value of products landed in the EU was 8% higher than its 10-year average An increase in both volumes and values of EU landings was observed in 2014 compared to 2013, respectively by 6% and 7 %. This corresponds to a tonne and a EUR-467-million boost in comparison with In value terms, the countries that contributed the most to such an increase were Spain and the United Kingdom, as they reported a growth of EUR 556 million and EUR 113 million each. Spain registered a remarkable increase in volume as well ( tonnes) and, together with Denmark ( tonnes), was the main contributor to the overall volume rise. 5,50 5,00 4,50 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2, volume (million tonnes) value (billion euro) 8,00 7,50 7,00 6,50 6,00 5,50 5,00 4,50 4,00 In 2014, EU landings of groundfish and tuna, two of the most significant groups of fish products, skyrocketed, reaching a 10 -year value peak. The peak was due to an increase in value of three species in particular: hake, which grew by EUR 128 million (+28%), y ellowfin tuna, by EUR 99 million (+46%) and skipjack tuna, by EUR 79 million (+40%). The volume of groundfish landed accounted for 19% of total value of EU landings, which has been the highest share covered by this commodity group during the last decade. Chart 64 Values of landings of most important commodity groups and % variations 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data Declines by EUR 63 million and EUR 59 million were observed respectively for other marine fish 14 and small pelagics. 1,60 1,20 0,80 EUR 1,40 billion + 18% EUR 1,15 billion - 5% EUR 1,13 billion - 5% EUR 1,06 billion + 21% 0,40 0, Groundfish Other marine fish Small pelagics Tuna and tuna-like species 14 Thi s gr oup includes monk, seabr eam, r ed mull et, seabass, r ay, john dory, scabbar dfi sh, gur nar d, pi carel, smelt, dogfish and w eever. 60
68 million tonnes E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 EU l a n d i n g s Chart 65 Volumes of landings of most important commodity groups and % variations 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data 2,80 2,40 2,00 1,60 1,20 0,80 0,40 0, ,87 million tonnes + 6% 0,81 million tonnes + 20% 0,55 million tonnes - 14% 0,51 million tonnes + 34% Small pelagics Groundfish Other marine fish Tuna and tuna-like species When it comes to volume, the group of small pelagics alone totalled 42% of landings; a slight increase from 41% in However, its 10 - year trend is downward, due to the growth of groundfish and tuna landed, as well as to a decrease of small pelagics landings by almost a quarter. Chart 66 Composition of landings in the EU by commodity group - value, 2014 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data Bivalves and other molluscs and aquatic invertebrates 6% Groundfish 19% Flat fish 8% Other marine fish 16% Cephalopods 8% Crustaceans 14% Small pelagics 15% Tuna and tuna-like species 14% Chart 67 Composition of landings in the EU by commodity group - volume, 2014 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data Crustaceans 4% Flat fish 4% Cephalopods 2% Miscellaneous aquatic products 1% Bivalves and other molluscs and aquatic invertebrates 5% Small pelagics 42% Tuna and tuna-like species 12% Other marine fish 12% Groundfish 18% 61
69 EU l a n d i n g s Chart 68 Most important commercial species landed in the EU value, % of total and % variation 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data Chart 69 Most important commercial species landed in the EU volume, % of total and % variation 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data 62
70 EU l a n d i n g s Member State level Chart 70 Values of landed products in the main EU countries and % variation 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data The average price of the most commercially relevant products landed in the EU rose in 2014, compared to 2013 as well as to 10 y ears before. Table 17 Prices at landing stage of most important commercial species for the EU market (EUR/kg) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data Main commercial species variation 2014/2013 variation 2014/2005 Anchovy 1,98 1,90 1,74 Blue whiting 0,14 0,42 0,32 Cod 2,15 2,25 2,36 European seabass 8,37 10,03 11,13 Gilt-head seabream 6,29 8,54 9,16 Hake 4,57 3,20 3,43 Herring 0,17 0,46 0,34 Mackerel 0,62 0,96 0,92 Monk 4,72 5,13 4,98 Mussel n/a 0,45 0,60 Red mullet 7,6 6,93 6,5 Sardine 0,66 0,92 0,92 = Skipjack tuna 0,75 1,15 1,15 = Sole 8,98 8,25 8,47 Sprat (=Brisling) 0,12 0,28 0,24 Squid 4,85 4,03 5,42 Yellowfin tuna 0,77 2,26 2,19 63
71 EU l a n d i n g s Small pelagics Four species of small pelagics namely herring, mackerel, sprat and sardine accounted for 1,62 million tonnes or 36% of the total EU landings. Herring Herring is the most landed species in the EU. In 2014, its volume amounted to tonnes (14% of total), for a value of EUR 209 millions. While volume marginally declined compared to the previous year (-2%) in spite of a quota increase (+4%), in terms of value, a remarkable EUR 82 million loss (- 28%) was observed; the lowest amount since This was mostly due to the Irish market, where, after the high amounts of 2012 and 2013, herring s value went down from EUR 35 million to EUR 7 million during However, this was slightly lower than the average value recorded during Significant drops were reported in other relevant Member States: the Netherlands (from EUR 44 million to EUR 26 million), Sweden (from EUR 33 million to EUR 21 million) Germany (from EUR 31 million to EUR 20 million) and Denmark (from EUR 71 million to EUR 63 million). With the only exception of Denmark, they all saw declining volumes as well. While declining prices were reported in all main Member States during , a price increase can be observed on a longer period (EU average price doubling over 2005). Table 18 Prices at landing stage of herring in main Member States (EUR/kg) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data Member State variation 2014/2013 variation 2014/2005 Denmark 0,30 0,50 0,42 Finland 0,12 0,24 0,22 Germany 0,30 0,56 0,38 Ireland 0,21 1,49 0,30 Latvia 0,18 0,27 0,27 = Poland 0,25 0,37 0,37 = Sweden 0,25 0,46 0,33 Mackerel Sprat In 2014, EU landings of mackerel reached their 10 -year volume peak at tonnes, worth EUR 391 million, in line with a sharp increase of the TAC, which rose from tonnes in 2013 to tonnes in Landings in the UK, which held 47% of the EU TAC in 2014, rose by 58% to tonnes, which is the decade volume peak, with prices falling at 1,00 EUR/kg (-10% in local currency, compared to 2013). Spain, which benfitted from a 82% quota increase in 2014, also saw a 59% ( tonnes) boost in volume terms, and experienced a 25% price decrease tonnes of sprats were landed in the EU in 2014, with a 17% increase in comparison with 2013, which witnessed the lowest level of the last decade ( tonnes). Values remained almost stable at EUR 94 million (-1%). Denmark, the most important Member State for sprat landings (61% of EU total), was the main responsible for the volume increase. It totalled nearly tonnes, that is tonnes more than in Nevertheless, this amount was 10% lower than its 10 -year average. In terms of price, a 19% decline resulted in 0,22 EUR/kg. However, total value reached EUR 53 million, increasing by 17%. 64
72 EUR/kg E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 EU l a n d i n g s Sardine EU landings of sardine dropped by 11% in 2014 compared with the previous year, due to a remarkable decline in Portugal, where volumes and values registered decreases by 89% and 86%, respectively. After the growth registered in 2013, which was significantly impacted by Croatia s accession to the EU, volumes fell to tonnes and values to EUR 161 million. Nonetheless, the average price remained stable at 0,92 EUR/kg. Croatia is by far the main Member State landing sardine. In 2014, it reported increases by 6% in volume and 25% in value, totalling tonnes worth EUR 29 million. The resulting price was 0,51 EUR/kg (+ 18%). As to the other Member States, the majority of the sardines landed in the EU are provided by Spain, representing more than 40% in value in The price went up from 1,21 EUR/kg in 2013 to 1,35 EUR/kg in 2014 (+11%), causing an equal increase in value, as volumes were unchanged at tonnes. Groundfish The most landed groundfish species in the EU are blue whiting, hake and, to a lesser extent, cod. In 2014, they represented 12% of total landings, with tonnes, increasing their share by 2% compared to the previous y ear. Hake Of all finfish landed, hake has the highest value. In 2014, a 10 -year peak was reached at EUR 583 million, thanks to the increases observed in Spain (+ EUR 81 million), Ireland (+ EUR 26 million), France (+ EUR 20 million) and the UK (+ EUR 13 million). Volumes of hake landed in the EU were at their highest amount as well, totalling tonnes, driven by increases reported in the same four countries. As far as Italy is concerned, which is among the Member States where hake has the highest value, the lowest amount of the last decade was registered: it totalled EUR 64 million (-5%) for tonnes (-11%). In 2014, the EU-average price recovered after the fall of the previous year and reached 3,43 EUR/kg. Of the top 3 markets, Italy and Spain reported increases by 6% and 13%, respectively, the latter reaching the highest price since The price in France has been stable over the last two y ears, after a decline in Chart 71 Price trend at landing stage of hake in France, Italy and Spain Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT data 8,50 7,50 6,50 5,50 4,50 3,50 7,72 EUR/kg 4,37 EUR/kg 3,64 EUR/kg 7,30 EUR/kg 3,71 EUR/kg 2,50 1, France Italy Spain 2,41 EUR/kg 65
73 EU l a n d i n g s Cod In 2014, landings of cod fell by 4% in volume and rose by 10% in value, amounting to tonnes and EUR 233 million. The EUaverage price reached its 6-y ear peak with 2,36 EUR/kg in Denmark and Spain covered together 40% of total EU volumes. They both registered an increase, by 13% and 6% respectively, totalling (Spain) and tonnes (Denmark). In value terms, their share on total was even larger (46%). In Denmark, cod was sold at 2,46 EUR/kg, a slightly lower price than in However, cod landings were worth EUR 50 million, which was 12% more than the previous year. As to Spain, both price and value rose substantially: the average price was at 2,98 EUR/kg (+19%), for a total value of EUR 56 million (+ 27 %). Blue whiting EU landings of blue whiting benefitted from a sharp TAC increase (+77 %) and grew significantly in 2014, reaching their 6-year peak at tonnes and EUR 93 million. Compared with 2013, the increase was 68% in volume and 26% in value. Price remained on the downward trend started in 2012 and reached 0,32 EUR/kg, representing a 25% drop over the previous year and a 72% drop over 2011, when the peak of 1,14 EUR/kg was observed. Almost 60% of blue whiting was landed in Denmark, which totalled tonnes in 2014, for a value of EUR 3 2 million. This represented a continuation of the upward trend started in 2013, after the low levels during the period , where volumes averaged tonnes and values EUR 465 thousand. While the other Member States use blue whiting for human consumption, Denmark uses it almost entirely for fishmeal production. Other marine fish In 2014, landings of this commodity group reached the lowest amount in eight y ears, at tonnes and EUR 1,15 billion. This represented a drop of 14% in volume and of 5% in value in comparison with On the other hand, 3 of the top-5 species registered an increase in Nevertheless, if we look at price variations, a decline can be observed for all, with the only exception of European seabass. Chart 72 Some species of Other marine fish in 2014 volume, % variation 2014/2013 and prices at landing stage Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT and National sources data Monk Other seabreams % 4,98 EUR/kg +2% 3,53 EUR/kg = Ray -6% 2,13 EUR/kg Red mullet +13% 6,50 EUR/kg European seabass -16% 11,13 EUR/kg tonnes 66
74 EU l a n d i n g s Monk Landings of monk increased by 4% in volume and by 1% in value, totalling tonnes and EUR 221 million. France is the Member State where most of monk is landed, representing 44% of the EU total. In 2014, French landings amounted to tonnes worth EUR 95 million, with volume and value slightly declining in comparison with the previous ye ar. The growth at EU level was caused by the rise registered in Ireland, where, after the 2013-drop, landings of monk totalled tonnes, for a value of EUR 22 million, both increasing by 66%. The increase was due to a higher number of landings from French and Spanish vessels. Ray In 2014, landings of ray were at their lowest level of the last decade. They totalled almost tonnes worth EUR 42 million, which resulted drops by 7 % and 10%, respectively in volume and value. The responsible for this drop was the 57 % decline that occurred in Portugal between 2013 and 2014, with volumes plunging from to tonnes and values decreasing from EUR 4 million to EUR 2,5 million. The most significant Member States were France and Spain, landing and tonnes of rays respectively, in While in France ray was sold at 2,19 EUR/kg, the price in Spain was 1,93 EUR/kg, both declining compared to The EU-average price was at 2,10 EUR/kg, 4% lower than in However, still slightly above its 10- y ear average. European seabass The main Member State landing European seabass is France, covering 64% of total volumes and 67 % of total values in The drop observed in this country in 2014 triggered the one registered at EU level. European seabass landed in the EU amounted to around tonnes (-16%) and EUR 7 9 million (-6%). Nevertheless, a 11% increase was registered in the EU-average price, from 10,03 to 11,13 EUR/kg. This reflected the trend in France, where the price rose from 10,35 to 11,64 EUR/kg (+12%). Tuna and tuna-like species In 2014, the tuna landed in the EU reached its 10 -year peak at tonnes, and over EUR 1 billion, continuing the upward trend started in Skipjack and yellowfin tuna are the most landed species of this group, representing 75% of the 2014 total. However, in value terms, their share on total was lower (56%). By including swordfish, the percentage grows to 76%, as this tuna-like species is one of the highest valued. Skipjack tuna EU landings of skipjack tuna totalled tonnes and were worth EUR 279 million in This was a 40% boost in both volume and value, consisting of tonnes and EUR 7 9 million more than in These represented also the peaks of the decade. 67
75 EU l a n d i n g s Almost all (99%) skipjack tuna landed in EU ports was landed in Spain, at 1,15 EUR/kg. Lower amounts were landed in Portugal, i.e tonnes sold at 1,24 EUR/kg, and France, where 25 tonnes were sold at 0,41 EUR/kg. Yellowfin tuna Swordfish Spain also happened to be the EU Member State where almost all yellowfin tuna is landed (99,7 % of 2014 total). With tonnes worth EUR 313 million, the 10-year peaks were reached in 2014, marking a remarkable growth by tonnes and EUR 99 million in comparison with The average price fell, albeit slightly (-3%), going down from 2,26 to 2,18 EUR/kg. In this case too, France and Portugal followed suit, the first reporting 341 tonnes sold at 3,93 EUR/kg, the latter 60 tonnes sold at 3,74 EUR/kg. EU landings of swordfish amounted to tonnes and EUR 211 million. These represented 10-year peaks in both volume and value. Compared with 2013, while volumes increased marginally (+1%), the growth in value was 7 %. Spain is the Member State where swordfish is landed the most. It accounted to tonnes and EUR 151 million, the highest amounts of the last decade. It was sold at 5,57 EUR/kg, 6% increasing in comparison with
76 billion euro volume value E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n Aquaculture production 15 6 Main findings EU level Aquaculture production in the EU 16 totalled 1,28 million tonnes in 2014, a tonnes or 8% increase over This marked a reversal of the decreasing trend that had been noted since Chart 73 Total aquaculture production in the EU Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources, FEAP and FAO data Fish products farmed in the EU reached their value peak of the last decade in 2014, close to EUR 4 billion Chart 74 Values of most important groups of species and % variations 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources, FEAP and FAO data The value of the EU s aquaculture production also increased, reaching a 10-year peak of EUR 3,96 billion, which was EUR 75 million or 2% more than in ,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0, volumes (million tonnes) values (billion euro) The value growth of salmon led the overall 5% or EUR 79 million increase of salmonids between 2013 and With respect to two years before, the growth was of 21% or EUR 271 million. Value of other marine fish grew by 5% during , thanks to a EUR 25 million increase registered for gilt-head seabream. Bivalves and freshwater fish reported minor declines between 2013 and ,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 1,60 EUR 1,56 billion + 5% 1,20 0,80 EUR 1,03 billion - 2% EUR 0,85 billion + 5% 0,40 EUR 0,26 billion - 4% 0, Salmonids Bivalves and other molluscs and aquatic invertebrates Other marine fish Freshwater fish During , the production of bivalves rose by tonnes. This increase was mainly due to an increase in mussels farmed in Spain ( tonnes), which marked recovery from a 2013 production shrinkage caused by red tide or algae blooms. Salmonid production also increased from 2013 to 2014, reporting a tonne growth, mainly attributable to increased farming of salmon ( tonnes) and trout ( tonnes). 15 Detai ls on the sources used can be found in the Methodol ogical Background, page III and data ar e for EU
77 1.000 tonnes E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n Chart 75 Volumes of most important groups of species and % variations 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources, FEAP and FAO data tonnes + 14% tonnes + 7% tonnes - 3% tonnes = Bivalves and other molluscs and aquatic invertebrates Salmonids Other marine fish Freshwater fish Chart 76 Composition of farmed products in the EU by value Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources, F EAP and FAO data As shown in chart 76, the top-10 species represented 94% of total values of farmed products in This share has been the same since 2005, although the two most valuable species, salmon and trout, have switched their ranking over the last years. This switch reflects the significant increase of salmon production in the UK and substantial production drops in some of the major rainbow trout - producing countries, e.g. Spain and Germany. It is worth highlighting the increasing market relevance of turbot, especially in 2013 and
78 million euro million euro E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n Chart 77 Values of salmon and trout Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources, FEAP and FAO data Salmon Trout Between 2013 and 2014, four of the main farmed species registered increasing values. This included salmon (+EUR 65 million), trout (+EUR 16 million), gilt-head seabream (+EUR 25 million) and mussels 17 (+ EUR 23 million). Clam and bluefin tuna reported significant falls of EUR 32 million and EUR 1 6 million, respectively. Clam s value decreased from EUR 174 million to EUR 142 million, while Bluefin tuna declined from EUR 183 million to EUR 167 million. Chart 78 Values of main farmed products in the EU in 2014 and % variation 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources, FEAP and FAO data % % = + 6% + 5% = % - 1% - 19% % 69 = Salmon Trout Oyster Gilt-head Mussels European seabream seabass Bluefin tuna Carp Clam Turbot Other species Member State level In 2014, aquaculture production in Spain and the UK registered its value peak of the last decade Spain and the UK, the main EU producers of farmed products in volume, saw an overall upward trend in 2014, with both reaching 10- year value peaks for farmed production. Spain s 2014 volume of tonnes with a value of EUR 472 million represented an increase of tonnes and EUR 42 million over 2013, due to the major increase in the value of its mussel production. The UK s aquaculture products totalled tonnes and EUR 953 million, an increase of tonnes and EUR 56 million over 2013, mostly driven by farmed salmon. 17 Incl uding mussel mytilus spp. and other mussels 71
79 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n France s farmed products reached EUR 730 million, an increase of EUR 17 million over This was due to rising values of trout and mussels, which reached EUR 115 million and EUR 139 million, respectively, in Total volumes of France s farmed products of tonnes represented a tonne increase. The other major producers, Italy and Greece, reported and tonnes each, with values of EUR 366 million and EUR 444 million, respectively. For Italy, this represented a tonne increase but a EUR 27 million loss, mostly due to falling values of clam, which dropped EUR 21 million, reaching EUR 106 million, in spite of a tonnes volume increase, and of trout which dropped 15 million, reaching EUR 93 million. Greece reported opposed variations, as volumes decreased by tonnes but values grew by EUR 5 million. This was mainly due to gilt-head seabream s trend, falling tonnes in volume, to reach tonnes, but growing EUR 10 million in value to reach EUR 240 million. Chart 79 Values of farmed products in the main EU producer countries in 2014 and % variation 2014/2013 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources, FEAP and FAO data Sharp value variations were observed in some other relevant producing countries. Drops for eel and mussel in the Netherlands, of EUR 8 million and EUR 7 million, respectively, and for trout in Germany, of EUR 7 million, led to Netherlands and Germany having 11% and 13% value decreases, respectively, of farmed production. On the other hand, trout value grew by EUR 8 million in Poland, generating an overall 18% increase in value of Polish aquaculture production. Also in volume terms, 75% of total EU aquaculture production is represented by the top 5 countries. With the exception of Greece, they all reported production increases between 2013 and However, the decade trend shows that France and Italy both experienced 72
80 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n remarkable drops of tonnes and tonnes, respectively, mainly due to production shrinkage of oy ster and clam. Table 19 Volumes of farmed products in EU top 5 producer countries (1.000 tonnes) in 2005, 2013 and 2014 and % variation 2014/2013 and 2014/2005 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources and FEAP data Member State % variation 2014/2013 % variation 2014/2005 Spain % +29% United Kingdom % +24% France % -17% Italy % -18% Greece % -2% Bivalves and other molluscs and aquatic invertebrates In 2014, EU production of bivalves increased 14%, reaching tonnes. However, its value of EUR 1 billion was slightly lower than in Mussel The value of farmed mussels reached a 10-year peak of EUR 438 million, an increase of EUR 23 million compared with Mussel volume reached tonnes, totalling tonnes more than EU growth was driven by Spain, the major producer, which had its highest ever production in 2014, reaching tonnes with a value of EUR 110 million. This was a significant 38% rise over 2013, when red tide or algae blooms caused production to drop. However, price remained basically the same, moving from 0,49 in 2013 to 0,50 EUR/kg in Dutch mussel price fell a dramatic 38%, from 1,96 to 1,22 EUR/kg. The price drop was in response to its great increase in volume from to tonnes which brought it back to 2010 price levels, when production also far exceeded the tonne mark. Prices grew in other relevant countries, namely France and Italy, with France seeing a slight 4% increase, from 1,78 to 1,85 EUR/kg, and Italy observing a 13% growth, from 0,69 to 0,78 EUR/kg, while production volumes remained almost stable in both countries. Oyster Oy ster value reached EUR 445 million for tonnes in 2014, representing over 40% of total bivalve value. In volume terms, it was the lowest amount registered in the last decade. The price of 4,86 EUR/kg was 33% above the 10-year average but stable compared with the previous y ear (+0,8%). The production shrinkage at EU level was due to the decrease observed in France, the main producer, which had a fall of almost tonnes in In fact, after a decrease of more than tonnes due to a virus which caused mass mortality in juveniles at the end of the y ears 2000, the French production was then hit by a bacteria which caused mortality in several basins during the summer of The volumes presented a slight decrease, but this did not have much impact on the price, which moved from 5,02 to 73
81 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n 5,07 EUR/kg. However, this price is triple the price paid 15 y ears ago (1,65 EUR/kg in 2000), when the production volume was tonnes (against less than tonnes in 2014). Oy ster prices skyrocketed in the Netherlands, generating a EUR 4 million increase, mainly based on the value of Dutch cupped oysters. Table 20 Prices of oyster in main producer countries (EUR/kg) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources and FEAP data Member State % variation 2014/2013 France 5,02 5,07 +1% Ireland 4,62 4,63 = Netherlands 1,26 2,36 +88% United Kingdom 3,85 3,21-17% Portugal 2,53 2,59 +3% Spain 4,05 4,01-1% Clam In 2014, clam volumes increased by tonnes, to reach tonnes and EUR 1 42 million. Clam s EU average price reached its lowest level of the last ten years in 2014, at 3,46 EUR/kg. This was a 41% drop from the 2013 price of 5,82 EUR/kg. Italy, the main producer representing 89% of total, drove this phenomenon. In 2014, the price fell by 44% to 2,91 EUR/kg and values declined by over EUR 21 million. In volume terms, Italy experienced a tonne recovery from the % fall that had been generated by changes in the environmental conditions, especially when excessive entry of fresh water led to a decline in the salinity of the clam development and growing area. Salmonids Salmonids were responsible for EU aquaculture production reaching its value peak in 2014 when their volume reached tonnes with a value of EUR 1,56 billion. This represented 39% of the value of all products farmed. Salmon More specifically, the value of salmon farmed in the UK led the overall increase observed for salmonids and, in turn, led the value of EU aquaculture production. As shown in chart 80, its values have been rising an average of 14% a year since In 2014, volumes were at tonnes for a value of EUR 861 million. The 5,6 kg mean weight at harvest was the highest ever, and its price of 4,80 EUR/kg was only slightly less than the 4,89 EUR/kg reached in 2013, which was the highest price of the last decade. Production of organic salmon fell by 31% to tonnes. Ireland s salmon production marginally improved after a 20% fall in 2013, reaching tonnes of mostly organic salmon with a value of EUR 58 million in
82 volume value volume value volume value E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n Chart Production of salmon in the UK Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources and FEAP data volume (1.000 tonnes) value (million euro) Trout EU trout production rose during in both volume and value terms. Totals of tonnes and EUR 604 million, represented increases of tonnes and EUR 16 million. Denmark, France and Italy, the main producers, were represented for 19%, 18% and 17 % of trout total value, respectively. While Italy reported an 11% decline to tonnes and EUR 93 million in 2014, production rose in Denmark and France. This was notable in Denmark where a 21% increase to reach tonnes and EUR 107 million surpassed Italy, which had been the main producer since Denmark leads the EU production of organic trout, with a volume of tonnes in Other marine fish Chart 81 Gilt-head seabream Gilt-head seabream production in Greece and Spain Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources and FEAP data Two species of this group, namely gilt-head seabream and European seabass, rank fourth and sixth in values of farmed products in the EU. Both are mainly produced in Greece and Spain. In 2014, value of gilt-head seabream reached a ten-year peak at EUR 434 million, which was a 6% increase from Volumes, however, reached only tonnes, representing a 7 % decrease. In Greece and Spain, volumes fell by 9% and 10%, respectively. However, values increased 5% in Greece and 7 % in Spain, as prices grew from 4,11 to 4,73 EUR/kg in Greece and from 4,07 to 4,87 EUR/kg in Spain. 70 Greece Spain volume (1.000 tonnes) value (million euro) volume (1.000 tonnes) value (million euro) 75
83 volume value volume value E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n European seabass EU production of European seabass declined slightly during However, seabass value reached a 10-year peak, with tonnes having a value of EUR 37 1 million. In Greece and Spain, the two main countries, seabass production had a dissimilar trend. In Greece, volumes dropped 8% to tonnes while values fell by only 3%, from EUR 179 million to EUR 173 million, thanks to a 5% price increase, from 5,14 to 5,39 EUR/kg. On the other hand, Spain reported a 12% increase in volume, reaching tonnes. Values grew to a 10-year peak of EUR 100 million, 8% more than in 2013, in spite of prices dropping 4%, from 6,19 to 5,96 EUR/kg. Chart 82 European seabass production in Greece and Spain Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources and FEAP data 45 Greece Spain volume (1.000 tonnes) value (million euro) volume (1.000 tonnes) value (million euro) Freshwater fish This group of species remained unchanged in terms of production during Focusing on the last two years, a variation was registered in values, as they decreased by EUR 12 million reaching EUR 263 million. Volumes were at tonnes, only 150 tonnes more than in Carp Carp, which accounted for almost 80% of freshwater fish farmed, drove the overall stable path of freshwater fish production during the decade. Indeed, carp volumes stood almost flat, totalling tonnes in 2014 and tonnes in Its value accounted for EUR 150 million, which was EUR 2 million less than in Price fell a slight 2%, from 1,91 to 1,87 EUR/kg. The main EU carp producers in 2014, Poland and the Czech Republic, accounted for tonnes worth EUR 38 million and tonnes worth EUR 37 million, respectively. Hungary followed, with a total of tonnes and EUR 22 million. As for other species, 2014 eel values dropped 21% to EUR 42 million, the lowest amount of the last ten years, while volume also dropped 5% to tonnes. The Netherlands, the main producer, was the driver of this phenomenon. 76
84 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n 6.1 Most relevant market trends Salmon Trout Harvest of salmon by EU Member States remained mostly stable from 2014 to Volumes from the UK were slightly down from 2014 but, to a large extent, compensated by higher volume from Ireland. Despite a moderate 2% increase in European harvest of farmed salmon in 2015, the Russian import ban, combined with the weak Norwegian krone, made the competition hard on the EU market and on the main markets outside the EU. The strong GBP worsened the situation for the UK salmon farming industry, contributing to drops of 17 % and 22% in export volumes and values (measured in local currency ), respectively. Prices for Irish fresh farmed salmon rose by 9% from 2014 to On average, prices for fresh salmon fell 2% on the EU market from 2014 to European salmon production is not expected to show growth in 2016, primarily due to a decline in Norwegian harvests. The EU producers are expected to increase their harvests, but marginally. Depressed market prices in 2013 and 2014 led the main trout producing Member States, led by Spain and Denmark, to file a dumping/subsidy complaint, accusing Turkey of unfair competition. In the first quarter of 2015, the European Commission imposed a 9,5% anti-subsidy duty. Wholesale prices for farmed trout in the EU showed an upward trend from 2014 to In Denmark, one of the largest producers of organic rainbow trout in the EU, production reached tonnes in The industry expects to double production in a few years, driven by strong demand and fair profit margins. European seabass and gilt-head seabream Even though seabass and seabream farmed in the Mediterranean are distinctly different species, they are normally produced together, which is why they are discussed under the same heading here. Their consumption in the EU increased, as is evident in the 10% increase in total traded volumes to main markets from 2010 to Yet, at the same time, the EU-based production is trending downwards or remaining flat, due to a drop in production and a downward trend in Greece, the largest EU-based bass and bream producer. And, even though there is an upward production trend in Spain, the next largest producer, it is not enough to compensate for the Greek drop. From its peak in 2010, exports from Greece to main EU markets have dropped about 20%, while Turkish exports have increased 200% during the same period. Indeed, in 2010, Turkey exports to main EU markets were 13% of those of Greece, while in 2015 they represented 50% and are trending strongly upwards. In particular, Greek exports to Italy dropped 22% from 2010 to 2014 in volume, but trended relatively flat, registering a decrease of 1% from 2014 to 2015, and remained the markedly strongest supplier. At the same time, Turkish volumes increased 128% from 2010 to 2015, and by 38% from 2014 to
85 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n Chart 83 Exports of gilt-head seabream and European seabass from Turkey and Greece to Italy (volume in tonnes) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources and FEAP data Turkey exports to Italy Greece exports to Italy Greek exports to Northern European markets, such as the UK and Germany, dropped 49% and 6%, respectively, from 2010 to On the other hand, Turkish exports increased 496% to UK (from 652 to tonnes) and 1.860% to Germany (from 41 to tonnes), over the same period. Netherlands is another developing market where Turkey has expanded, with exports increasing 236% (from tonnes in 2010 to tonnes in 2015). During the same period, Greek exports increased 17 % (from to tonnes). Hence, one can conclude that the growth in Northern European markets is mainly supplied by Turkey. Chart 84 Exports of gilt-head seabream and European seabass from Turkey and Greece to main Northern European markets (volume in tonnes) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT, National sources and FEAP data Turkey to Netherlands Turkey to Germany Greece to Germany Turkey to United Kingdom Greece to United Kingdom Greece to Netherlands Oyster Globally, retail prices for oysters reached a historic peak in 2015, and oy ster producers worry about potential negative reaction from consumers. However, in the first nine months of 2015, several of the largest oyster markets saw an increase in imports, including the U.S. which increased imports by tonnes. For the U.S., this was mainly because of lower domestic landings (wild oyster). Import prices from the EU saw a 28% growth in 2015 over 2014, at 9,15 EUR/kg. For the two largest markets, the UK and France, the price 78
86 A q u a c u l t u r e p r o d u c t i o n increased by 14% to 7,26 EUR/kg, and by 34% to 8,64 EUR/kg, respectively. In 2015, oy ster production in Ireland saw a 25% boost over t he previous year, reaching tonnes. More than 90% of the Irish production is exported, mainly to France (88%), but also to Hong Kong and China. Irish oyster was highly welcomed in the two eastern markets, where it received the highest price for oy ster sold in this region. 79
87 P r o c e s s i n g Processing 18 7 In 2014, the EU fish processing industry continued to confirm sales growth in value from 2009 (+2% from 2013 and +28% from 2009). It registered a -2% decrease from 2013 in terms of volume. The EU mainly processes salmonids, tuna and a category miscellaneous aquatic products, around 60% of which is whitefish. In terms of value, these products accounted for 83% of the total EU fish processing in Value of the whitefish products processed in 2014 reached EUR 11,6 billion for a 4% increase from UK, France, Spain and Germany were together responsible for 66% of the total EU whitefish processed. Cod, the most important source of whitefish for the EU processing industry, is widely used in UK, France and Spain. Around 50% of the raw material available for the industry is whole fish, in product forms fresh, frozen or wet-salted/dry-salted. Alaska pollock and hake are the next most important whitefish species for the processing industry. Germany dominates the imports of Alaska pollock raw material (fillet block and mince block). Spain and to some degree, France, dominate the processing stage for hake, relying on both EU catches in the form of fresh whole and on imports of frozen whole and frozen fillets. Of the major processing Member States, only France has been increasing its whitefish processing since Salmonids were mainly processed in France, Poland and the UK covering 7 3% of the EU total. Between 2013 and 2014, processed salmonids increased 7 % in value, mainly generated by 32% of the UK improvement. Salmon was mainly processed smoked (94%). In 2013, the value of salmonids processed products in the EU exceeded that of tuna. Tuna products were mainly processed in Spain and Italy were responsible for 89% of the total tuna processed in value. Since 2013, tuna production has decreased in Spain and Italy by 6% and 2% respectively. Non-food use registered a significant drop from Thi s chapter i s elaborated on data fr om the Eur ostat PRODCOM database. Accor di ng to PRODCOM data, pr ocessed seafood incl udes all pr oducts that have been altered i n some way, such as filleted, frozen, salted or smok ed. 80
88 Volume Value E U R O P E A N M A R K E T O B S E R V A T O R Y F O R F I S H E R I E S A N D A Q U A C U L T U R E P R O D U C T S - T H E E U F I S H M A R K E T - E D I T I O N 2016 P r o c e s s i n g Chart 85 Processed fish products sold in the EU Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT - PRODCOM data ,55 17,50 15,55 15,86 4,28 4,38 4,45 4,48 19,45 19,85 4,67 4, In 2014, the EU fish processing industry amounted to EUR 19,85 billion, increasing 2% from Volume (million tonnes) Value (billion EUR) Chart 86 Value of most important groups of processed fish and % variation (2014/2013) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT - PRODCOM data Miscellaneous aquatic products Salmonids Tuna and tuna-like species % % % Small pelagics % Crustaceans % Molluscs % Non food use % million eurortonneo Chart 87 Volume of most important groups of processed fish and % variation (2014/2013) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT - PRODCOM data Miscellaneous aquatic products Non food use Small pelagics 382-3% % = Tuna and tuna-like species % Salmonids % Molluscs % Crustaceans % tonnes 81
89 P r o c e s s i n g Chart 88 Most important processing countries in value and % variation (2014/2013) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT - PRODCOM data Spain France UK 3,17 4,07 3,75 = +10% +3% Poland 1,78 +5% Germany 1,48-4% Italy 1,30-12% Denmark Portugal 0,95 0,93-2% +4% 0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 Billion euro Chart 89 Composition of processed fish products sold in the EU (value, 2014) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT - PRODCOM data Tuna and tuna-like species 12% Salmonids 13% Small pelagics 8% Miscellaneous aquatic products 59% Molluscs 3% Crustaceans 3% Non food use 3% Chart 90 Composition of processed fish products sold in the EU (volume, 2014) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT - PRODCOM data Pelagics (large and small) represent 18% of the processed fish sold in the EU Tuna and tuna-like species 9% Small pelagics 9% Non food use 16% Miscellaneous aquatic products 56% Molluscs 4% Salmonids 4% Crustaceans 3% 82
90 P r o c e s s i n g Chart 91 Average unit values of most important groups of processed fish and % variation (2014/2013) Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT - PRODCOM data Salmonids 15,27 +6% Crustaceans Tuna and tuna-like species Miscellaneous aquatic products Molluscs 4,43 +5% 4,04 5,90-9% +1% 7,81 +8% Small pelagics 3,81 = Freshwater fish Non food use 3,43-29% 0,78-15% 0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 EUR/Kg The EU processing sector relies heavily on imported raw materials. It is particularly dependent on external sourcing for whitefish, salmonids, tuna and shrimps, while it almost fully covers its needs for flatfish and small pelagics. The main whitefish species supplied by the EU fishing fleets (cod, hake, saithe, haddock, redfish) meet only a small percentage of the market needs, providing between 10% for cod and 30% for haddock. For some major species used by the EU processing industry and not exploited by the EU fishing fleet (Alaska pollock, hoki), imports are the only way to supply the industry market. Miscellaneous aquatic products The group miscellaneous aquatic products comprises different products which are not ascribable to specific species, but only to macro groups of products. Whitefish, which accounts for 60%, play s a pivotal role in this grouping. According to the definition of the European Fish Processors Association (AIPCE-CEP), EU whitefish includes seven key species: cod, haddock, redfish, saithe, hake, Alaska pollock, hoki (grenadier) and pangasius. In terms of volume, miscellaneous aquatic products remained stable at 2,6 million tonnes in 2014, while in value, they increased by 4%, from EUR 11,1 billion in 2013 to EUR 11,6 billion in The most important product categories in terms of volume sold were frozen whole fish, representing 25% of the total processed products, followed by fish fingers in batter or breadcrumbs which represented 14%. In terms of value, the main categories were fresh or chilled fish fillets and other fish meat without bones, prepared meals and dishes based on fish, crustaceans and molluscs, and prepared or preserved crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates 19. These three categories covered 45% of the entire miscellaneous aquatic processed products. Fresh/chilled fish fillets, which account for 22% of the total processed products, are mainly supplied by the UK and France, with values of EUR 603 million and EUR 569 million, respectively, amounting to 54% of the total. Since 2010, the UK processed production increased 10% in volume and 27 % in value. In 2014, UK prices increased from 19 Prepar ed or pr eserved crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic i nvertebrates (excludi ng chilled, fr ozen, dried, salted or in brine, cr ustaceans, i n shell, cooked by steaming or boiling) (excludi ng pr epared meals and di shes). 83
91 P r o c e s s i n g 10,22 EUR/kg to 11,26 EUR/kg. On the contrary, France peaked in volume and in value in 2012 but, in 2014, decreased by 2% in value and 3% in volume while prices increased slightly from 6,10 EUR/kg to 6,18 EUR/kg. Prepared fish meals were mainly processed in France and the UK, which accounted for 75% of the total volume in the category. France led in processing of miscellaneous aquatic products, with EUR 656 million of prepared fish meals, a 19% increase over 2010, Since 2011, these two countries have been increasing their production of prepared fish meals both in volume and value. In 2014, prices increased from 5,83 EUR/kg to 6,03 EUR/kg in France, and from 9,45 EUR/kg to 10,10 EUR/kg in the UK. Germany and the UK, leaders in processing fish fillets and fish fingers in batter or breadcrumbs, covered 70% of the total value sales. In 2014, the UK was the largest producing country for fish fingers, followed by Germany. After decreases in 2013, both the UK and Germany continued to increase their production of fish fingers in During the same period, prices remained stable in the UK and decreased in Germany, from 2,97 EUR/kg to 2,85 EUR/kg. Portugal accounted for tonnes of processed fish products with a value of EUR 930 million in Its most important product category, frozen whole fish, reached around EUR 27 3 million, a 14% increase from 2013, with a volume of tonnes. This was followed by the dried fish category (i.e. dried salted cod), which increased to EUR 248 million and tonnes. The other major segment of the Portuguese processing industry is canned fish which decreased 3% in value and increased 4% in volume from All species have shown a fall in value, with tuna decreasing by 3%, sardine by 13% and mackerel by 8%. Chart 92 Preservation states of miscellaneous aquatic products (value), 2014 Source: EUMOFA based on elaboration of EUROSTAT - PRODCOM data Frozen 20% Dried - salted - smoked 4% Other 1% Prepared and preserved 43% Fresh 32% 84