Source: http://patents.com/us-10177953.html
Timestamp: 2019-01-21 07:22:59
Document Index: 580600059

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 6090', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 200880125896', 'art 1', 'Application No. 200780016912', 'Application No. 200780045500', 'Application No. 200780016912', 'Application No. 200880015382', 'Application No. 2009', 'Application No. 2009', 'Application No. 200880015382', 'Application No. 200780045500', 'Application No. 200880125896', 'Application No. 07777062', 'Application No. 08747424', 'Application No. 2010', 'Application No. 096114706', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 200880125896', 'Application No. 2010', 'Application No. 2009', 'Application No. 200880015382', 'Application No. 08747424', 'Application No. 200780045500', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 5118', 'Application No. 200780045500', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 200880015382', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 07854775', 'Application No. 08871573', 'Application No. 07794366', 'Application No. 2007243348', 'Application No. 2007333404', 'Application No. 200780015172', 'Application No. 200780045500', 'Application No. 200880125896', 'Application No. 2009', 'Application No. 2008142379', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 2008144587', 'Application No. 2008144587', 'Application No. 097150662', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08747424', 'Application No. 2009', 'Application No. 08747424', 'Application No. 096116940', 'Application No. 2007243349', 'Application No. 200780015143', 'Application No. 200780015143', 'Application No. 200780015143', 'Application No. 07794367', 'Application No. 2008142422', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2009', 'Application No. 5117', 'Application No. 5118', 'Application No. 20084086', 'Application No. 5117', 'Application No. 200880015382', 'Application No. 200880125896']

US Patent # 1,017,7953. OFDM transmission and reception for non-OFDM signals - Patents.com
United States Patent 10,177,953
Hassan , et al. January 8, 2019
Hassan; Amer A. (Kirkland, WA), Huitema; Christian (Clyde Hill, WA)
Family ID: 1000003751865
15/683,694
US 20170373897 A1 Dec 28, 2017
15156676 May 17, 2016 9755879
14256709 Jun 7, 2016 9363120
13153801 May 6, 2014 8718211
11899248 Jun 28, 2011 7970085
60928114 May 8, 2007
Current CPC Class: H04L 27/265 (20130101); H04L 27/2601 (20130101); H04L 27/2647 (20130101); H04L 69/18 (20130101); H04W 84/12 (20130101); H04B 1/0003 (20130101); H04L 69/12 (20130101)
Current International Class: H04W 4/00 (20180101); H04L 27/26 (20060101); H04L 29/06 (20060101); H04W 84/12 (20090101); H04B 1/00 (20060101)
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1. A method performed on a computing device that includes radio hardware, the method comprising: dividing, by the computing device, a channel into a plurality of subchannels; converting, by the computing device, first data from serial to a first plurality of parallel streams of the first data, where the first data comprises an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) signal; converting, by the computing device, second data from serial to a second plurality of parallel streams of the second data, where the second data comprises a non-OFDM signal; selecting a first distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels into which the first plurality of parallel streams of the first data is split; selecting a second distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels into which the second plurality of parallel streams of the second data is split; modulating, by the computing device, the first plurality of parallel streams of the first data and the second plurality of parallel streams of the second data onto the plurality of subchannels of the channel, where the modulated first plurality of parallel streams of the first data is split into the selected first distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels, and where the modulated second plurality of parallel streams of the second data is split into the selected second distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels; and transmitting, by the radio hardware over the channel, a radio signal comprising the modulated first plurality of parallel streams of the first data and the modulated second plurality of parallel streams of the second data.
6. The method of claim 1 where the modulated first plurality of parallel streams of the transmitted radio signal comprises an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing ("OFDM") signal.
8. A computing device comprising: at least one processor; memory that is couple to the at least one processor and that includes computer-readable instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, configure the computing device to perform actions comprising: dividing, by the computing device, a channel into a plurality of subchannels; converting, by the computing device, first data from serial to a first plurality of parallel streams of the first data, where the first data comprises an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) signal; converting, by the computing device, second data from serial to a second plurality of parallel streams of the second data, where the second data comprises a non-OFDM signal; selecting a first distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels into which the first plurality of parallel streams of the first data is split; selecting a second distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels into which the second plurality of parallel streams of the second data is split; modulating, by the computing device, the first plurality of parallel streams of the first data and the second plurality of parallel streams of the second data onto the plurality of subchannels of the channel, where the modulated first plurality of parallel streams of the first data is split into the selected first distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels, and where the modulated second plurality of parallel streams of the second data is split into the selected second distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels; and transmitting, by the radio hardware over the channel, a radio signal comprising the modulated first plurality of parallel streams of the first data and the modulated second plurality of parallel streams of the second data.
13. The computing device of claim 8 where the modulated first plurality of parallel streams of the transmitted radio signal comprises an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing ("OFDM") signal.
15. At least one memory that comprises computer-readable instructions that, based on execution by a computing device, configure the computing device to perform actions comprising: converting, by the computing device, first data from serial to a first plurality of parallel streams of the first data, where the first data comprises an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) signal; converting, by the computing device, second data from serial to a second plurality of parallel streams of the second data, where the second data comprises a non-OFDM signal; selecting a first distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels into which the first plurality of parallel streams of the first data is split; selecting a second distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels into which the second plurality of parallel streams of the second data is split; modulating, by the computing device, the first plurality of parallel streams of the first data and the second plurality of parallel streams of the second data onto the plurality of subchannels of the channel, where the modulated first plurality of parallel streams of the first data is split into the selected first distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels, and where the second plurality of parallel streams of the second data is split into the selected second distinct subset of the plurality of subchannels; and transmitting, by the radio hardware over the channel, a radio signal comprising the modulated first plurality of parallel streams of the first data and the modulated second plurality of parallel streams of the second data.
Numerous current and most emerging wireless technologies are based on Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) where the transmitter uses an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and the receiver uses Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)--both in baseband. When implemented in a Software Defined Radio (SDR), non-OFDM based schemes require a separate software module running in parallel to OFDM based schemes when simultaneous radio transmission is desired. This can cause a performance problem and increased complexity in signaling between the operating system (OS) and the hardware (HW).
The Wi-Fi PHY implements an OFDM modulation scheme as described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/637,449, titled "Cognitive Multi-User OFDMA", filed Dec. 12, 2006 and Ser. No. 11/635,869, titled "System Capability Discovery for Software Defined Radio", filed Dec. 8, 2006, each of which is assigned to the assignee of the present application and each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The Bluetooth device implements a form of GFSK modulation. But the Bluetooth can still be communicated in an OFDM based framework.
In OFDM the available channel bandwidth W is subdivided into a number of equal-bandwidths called sub-channels, where the bandwidth of each sub-channel is sufficiently narrow so that the frequency response characteristics of the sub-channels are nearly ideal. Such a subdivision of the overall bandwidth into smaller sub-channels is illustrated in FIG. 1. Thus, K=W/.DELTA.f sub-channels is created, where different information symbols can be transmitted simultaneously in the K sub-channels. With each sub-channel, a carrier is associated as follows: x.sub.k(t)=sin 2.pi.f.sub.kt, k=0,1, . . . ,K-1 [1]
where f.sub.k is the mid-frequency in the kth sub-channel.
By selecting the symbol rate 1/T on each of the sub-channels to be equal to the separation .DELTA.f of adjacent subcarriers, the subcarriers are orthogonal over the symbol interval T, independent of the relative phase relationship between sub carriers; i.e.,
.intg..times..function..times..pi..times..times..times..PHI..times..funct- ion..times..pi..times..times..times..PHI..times..times. ##EQU00001##
where f.sub.k-f.sub.f=n/T, n=1, 2, . . . , independent of the values of the phases .PHI..sub.k and .PHI..sub.j.
With an OFDM system having K sub-channels, the symbol rate on each sub carrier is reduced by a factor of N relative to the symbol rate on a single carrier system that employs the entire bandwidth W and transmits data at the same rate as OFDM. Hence, the symbol interval in the OFDM system is T=KT.sub.s, where T.sub.s is the symbol interval in the single-carrier system.
The modulator and demodulator in an OFDM system are efficiently implemented by use of the FFT algorithm to compute the DFT/IDFT. The basic block diagram of the OFDM is illustrated in FIG. 2. At block 20, a serial-to-parallel buffer subdivides the information sequence into frames of B.sub.f bits. The B.sub.f bits in each frame are parsed into K groups, where the i th group is assigned b.sub.i bits.
A multi-carrier modulator, as illustrated at block 22, may be viewed as generating K independent QAM sub-channels, where the symbol rate for each sub-channel is 1/T and the signal in each sub-channel has a distinct QAM constellation. Hence, the number of signal points for the i.sup.-th sub-channel is M.sub.i=2.sup.b.sup.c. At block 24 a cyclic prefix is added to reduce the effect of intersymbol interference from neighboring symbols. Then the parallel sequence is multiplexed back into a serial stream of bits, and inputted to a digital to analog converter (D/A) at block 26 that renders the digital symbols into analogue before up converting to the RF frequency of interest and radiating with an antenna.
The complex-valued signal points corresponding the information signals on the K sub-channels may be denoted by X.sub.k, k=0, 1, . . . , K-1. These information symbols {X.sub.k} represent the values of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a multi-carrier OFDM signal x(t), where the modulation on each subcarrier is QAM. Since x(t) must be a real-valued signal, its N-point DFT {X.sub.k} must satisfy the symmetry property X.sup.N-k=X*.sub.k. Therefore, we create N=2K symbols from K information symbols by defining: X.sub.N-K=X*.sub.K, k=1,2, . . . ,K-1 X'.sub.0=Re(X.sub.0) X.sub.N=Im(X.sub.0) [4]
Note that the information symbol X.sub.0 is split into two parts, both of which are real. If the new sequence of symbols is denoted as (X'.sub.k, k=0, 1, . . . , N-1), the N-point inverse DFT (IDFT) yields the real-valued sequence:
.times..times..times.'.times..function..times..times..times..pi..times..t- imes..times..times..times. ##EQU00003##
where 1/ {square root over (N)} is simply a scale factor.
This sequence {x.sub.n, 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.N-1} corresponds to samples of the multicarrier OFDM signal x(t), consisting of K subcarriers.
Continuing with this example, at this point, the OFDM has as an input {X.sub.n, 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.N-1} and an output {x.sub.n, 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.N-1}.
Regarding the Bluetooth modulation, the GFSK signal, which is the typical modulation protocol employed with Bluetooth, can be represented by s(t,.alpha.)=A cos(2.pi.f.sub.ct+.PHI.(t,.alpha.)), [6]
E.sub.b is the energy per data bit;
f.sub.c is the carrier frequency;
.alpha. is the random input stream having data bits .alpha..sub.i;
.PHI.(t,.alpha.) is the output phase deviation, given by
.PHI..function..alpha..times..pi..times..times..times..intg..infin..times- ..infin..times..times..alpha..times..function..tau..times..times..times..t- imes..times..tau. ##EQU00005##
.function..times..times..times..pi..times..times..times..times..times..ti- mes..pi..times..times..times..times..times. ##EQU00006##
.function..intg..infin..times..times..pi..times..tau..times..times..times- ..tau. ##EQU00007##
.PHI..function..alpha..times..pi..times..times..times..times..times..alph- a..times..function..pi..times..times..times..infin..times..times..alpha. ##EQU00008##
.function..intg..infin..times..function..tau..times..times..times..tau. ##EQU00009##
For Bluetooth with B.sub.bT=0.5, L=2, which means that a single data bit is spread over two consecutive symbol intervals.
Bluetooth uses 1 MHz channelization. If an SDR is used that includes 802.11a/g/n, the sub-channels are .about.384 KHz. Therefore, three sub-channels would be sufficient to cover each Bluetooth transmission/reception. In this manner, the OFDM based cognitive radio is employed for OFDM based schemes and non-OFDM based schemes. Any loss in the non-matched filter is likely to be small.
The Bluetooth signal is multiplexed in software into three separate streams, each with 1/3.sup.rd the data rate. These streams are then input to the same OFDM modulator used to transmit the 802.11n signal.
FIG. 3 is an illustrative flowchart of one embodiment for transmitting data. At block 60, the bandwidth needed is represented by W. At block 62, a decision is made whether the bandwidth needed, W, is greater than the bandwidth of a sub-channel .DELTA.f. If W>.DELTA.f, then the process proceeds to block 64, where the bandwidth is partitioned into K sub-channels, where K=W/.DELTA.f. At block 66, OFDM processing is performed with K number of sub-channels. At block 68, the signal is transmitted.
If the bandwidth W is not divided evenly and extra bandwidth remains that cannot take up an entire sub-channel, then, in one embodiment, the remaining bandwidth can be assumed to be a power loss. In another embodiment, the bandwidth can be divided so that the sub-channels exceed the bandwidth. In this case, the extra sub-channel can be considered noise. In yet another embodiment, as described in block 70, the sub-channel can be divided into further sub-channels such that a new .DELTA.f is provided. In this manner, on the one hand, power loss is limited and on the other hand noise is limited. In the example shown, the sub-channels are divided in half, however, it should be appreciated that the sub-channels can be divided into thirds, fourths, fifths, sixths or any other divisor, as the present invention is not limited in this respect. The process then continues at block 72 with the new parameters. Without being limited to theory, as a general rule, if either a power loss or noise (that is, the remaining bandwidth) is limited to less than about 5% to 10%, then dividing the sub-channels into further sub-channels may not be necessary.
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