Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US10116065B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 07:13:08
Document Index: 730549670

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 201210078939', 'Application No. 201210078939', 'Application No. 201210078939', 'Application No. 201210078939', 'Application No. 201210078939', 'Application No. 201210078939', 'Application No. 201210078939', 'Application No. 2012', 'Application No. 2012', 'Application No. 2012']

US10116065B2 - MM-Wave multiple-input multiple-output antenna system with polarization diversity - Google Patents
MM-Wave multiple-input multiple-output antenna system with polarization diversity Download PDF
US10116065B2
US10116065B2 US13/993,510 US201113993510A US10116065B2 US 10116065 B2 US10116065 B2 US 10116065B2 US 201113993510 A US201113993510 A US 201113993510A US 10116065 B2 US10116065 B2 US 10116065B2
US13/993,510
US20150214633A1 (en
2011-11-17 Application filed by Intel Corp filed Critical Intel Corp
2011-11-17 Priority to US13/993,510 priority patent/US10116065B2/en
2011-11-17 Priority to PCT/US2011/061276 priority patent/WO2012125190A1/en
2014-06-12 Assigned to INTEL CORPORATION reassignment INTEL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PAN, HELEN K.
2015-07-30 Publication of US20150214633A1 publication Critical patent/US20150214633A1/en
2018-10-30 Publication of US10116065B2 publication Critical patent/US10116065B2/en
A system according to one embodiment includes a first antenna element configured to communicate a first signal, the first signal polarized in a first orientation; a second antenna element co-located with the first antenna element, the second antenna element configured to communicate a second signal, the second signal polarized in a second orientation, the second orientation orthogonal to the first orientation; and driver circuitry coupled to the first antenna element and the second antenna element, the driver circuitry configured to process the first signal and the second signal to achieve signal diversity in a wireless communication link.
The present application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/452,754, filed Mar. 15, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems, and more particularly, to millimeter-wave (MM-Wave) MIMO antenna systems with polarization diversity.
Electronic devices, such as laptops, notebooks, netbooks, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones, for example, increasingly tend to include a variety of wireless communication capabilities. The wireless communication systems used by these devices are expanding into the higher frequency ranges of the communication spectrum, such as, for example, the millimeter wave region and, in particular, the unlicensed 5-7 GHz wide spectral band at 60 GHz. This expansion to higher frequencies is driven in part by the requirement for increased data rate communications used by applications such as high definition video, for example, that require multi-gigbit data rates.
MIMO antenna systems may be used to increase data throughput in wireless networks, however conventional MIMO antenna systems typically require separate antennas that are spaced apart by distances large enough to achieve the required isolation and spatial diversity between the antennas. Since propagation losses and attenuation tend to increase at these higher MM-Wave frequencies, it can become difficult to implement conventional MIMO antenna systems on the device platform due to the signal losses that are imposed over these increased distances.
FIG. 4 illustrates a system diagram of another exemplary embodiment consistent with the present disclosure;
Generally, this disclosure provides systems and methods for an antenna to operate with the increased performance associated with MIMO capability, as will be explained in greater detail below, through the use of a dual polarization antenna element rather than multiple, spatially separated, antenna elements. The orthogonally polarized, horizontal and vertical channels of the dual polarization antenna element may have sufficient isolation to allow for 2×2 MIMO operation with the associated benefits of antenna diversity. The system may be configured to operate in the MM-Wave region of the RF spectrum and, in particular, the 60 GHz region associated with the use of wireless personal area network (WPAN) and wireless local area network (WLAN) communication systems. By eliminating the need for spatially separated antenna elements, the transmission path length from driver circuitry to antenna element may be reduced, which in turn reduces signal transmission losses that can be significant at MM-Wave frequencies.
In some embodiments, multiple dual polarization antenna elements may be configured into a phased array 2×2 MIMO antenna capable of simultaneous beam scanning in each MIMO channel.
The term DB and STA as used herein is defined as a STA whose radio transmitter is operating on a channel that is within the DBand.
Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (AN) device, a Set-Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a display, a flat panel display, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera (DSC), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless AP, a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Are Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a WLAN, a PAN, a WPAN, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing Wireless HD™ and/or Wireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA) specifications and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 (IEEE 802.11-2007: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications) standards and amendments (“the IEEE 802.11 standards”), IEEE 802.16 standards for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/or devices which are part of the above networks, one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, Wireless-Display (WiDi) device, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device (e.g., BlackBerry, Palm Treo), a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
FIG. 1 illustrates a system diagram 100 of one exemplary embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. Dual polarization antenna element 102 transmits and receives orthogonally polarized signals 110 and 112. Signals 110 and 112 may sometimes be referred to as being horizontally and vertically polarized, however these terms do not imply that the signals 110 and 112 are horizontal or vertical with respect to any particular reference coordinate system, but rather that they are orthogonal to one another. In some embodiments, orthogonally polarized signals 110 and 112 may be right-hand circularly polarized and left-hand circularly-polarized, respectively. Dual polarization antenna element 102 is coupled to driver circuitry 104, which is configured to provide signals 110 and 112 through transmission paths 106 and 108. The antenna system 100 thus provides separate channels for the horizontally and vertically polarized signals that, with sufficient electromagnetic isolation between the channels, allow the antenna system to operate as a 2×2 MIMO antenna, i.e., two inputs to the RF radio channel 114 and two outputs from the RF radio channel 114.
MIMO antennas offer improved communication performance with increased data rates and increased range by providing a second diverse path through the RF radio channel 114 which experiences independent fading characteristics from the first path. In a conventional MIMO antenna system this diversity is achieved by spatial separation of two antennas (for the case of 2×2 MIMO). In an embodiment consistent with the present disclosure, however, this diversity may be achieved through the use of dual polarization. This approach offers an advantage in that the horizontal and vertical polarization channels are co-located at a single antenna element 102. As used herein, the term “co-located” means that the two entities being described are located at substantially the same point in space, though not necessarily at exactly the same point in space. By eliminating the need for spatially separated antenna elements, the transmission path length from driver circuitry 104 to antenna element 102 may be reduced, which in turn reduces signal transmission losses that can be significant at MM-Wave frequencies.
In some embodiments, driver circuitry 104 may be a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). Driver circuitry 104 and antenna element 102 may be configured to operate in the MM-Wave region of the RF spectrum and, in particular, the 60 GHz region associated with the use of wireless personal area network (WPAN) and wireless local area network (WLAN) communication systems. The electromagnetic isolation between the horizontal and vertical channels may equal or exceed 15 decibels (dB). This level of isolation may be achieved by increasing the distance between antenna element feed lines for the horizontal and vertical channels.
FIG. 2 illustrates a system diagram 200 of another exemplary embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. Multiple dual polarization antenna elements 102 a, 102 b, etc. may be configured into a phased array 2×2 MIMO antenna 202 capable of simultaneous beam scanning in each MIMO channel. Dual polarization antenna elements 102 a, 102 b, etc. are coupled to driver circuitry 104, which is configured to provide separate channels for the signals through transmission paths 106 a and 108 a for antenna element 102 a, and transmission paths 106 b and 108 b for antenna element 102 b, etc. The antenna system 200 thus provides separate horizontal and vertical channels to each of the antenna elements 102 a, 102 b, etc., and the signals on the horizontal channels may be independent of the signals on the vertical channels. The system may be configured to provide sufficient electromagnetic isolation between the channels to allow the antenna to operate as a 2×2 MIMO phased array antenna. The 2×2 MIMO phased array antenna system 200 is a capable of generating two independently scanned beams for both transmission and reception. The beam scanning is accomplished by controlling the phase delay associated with each of the polarizations of each of the antenna elements 102 a, 102 b, etc., as will be explained in greater detail below.
In some embodiments, the phased array antenna system 200 may comprise dummy antenna elements 204 at some or all of the edges of the phased array. The dummy antenna elements 204 may be termination load resistors that reduce reflections of the RF signal at the end of the transmission path by providing termination impedance that is matched to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. This may increase the stability of the frequency and bandwidth properties of the phased array as it scans the beam through different angles.
FIG. 3 illustrates a system diagram 300 of another exemplary embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. The phased array antenna system 200 is shown with independently scanned beams 302 and 304 generated by the horizontally and vertically polarized channels of the antenna elements 102 of the phased array antenna 202. The beams 302 and 304 are shown to be oriented in arbitrary directions and may in practice be scanned to any direction. In some cases the beams 302 and 304 may be pointed in the same direction. This may be useful when operating under line of sight conditions where the communication link is directed to a particular entity at a known location. Any suitable number of antenna elements may be employed in the phased array antenna 202. Generally the gain of the antenna 202 increases as the number of antenna elements 102 increase.
FIG. 4 illustrates a system diagram 400 of another exemplary embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. Antenna system 202 is shown deployed on a platform. Platform 402 is shown as a laptop computer in this illustration, but it may be any device including a notebook, tablet, netbook, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, smartphone, network hub or any device for which wireless communication capability may be desired. The antenna system 202 is located on the lid 404 of platform 402, but may be located at any suitable position on platform 402. In some embodiments, antenna system 202 may be disposed on interior surfaces or portions of platform 402. The antenna system 202 is shown to be coupled to RFIC 104 through electrical connections or transmission paths 406. Scanned beams 302 and 304 are also shown.
In some embodiments there may be multiple platforms 402 configured to communicate over a WWAN or WMAN. Each platform may operate as a radio thus providing network diversity.
FIG. 5 illustrates a system block diagram 500 of one exemplary embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. Shown are antenna elements 102 a, 102 b, etc, which may be configured as phased array antenna elements. A baseband integrated circuit (BBIC) module 502 may be a bidirectional circuit, configured to both transmit and receive. In the transmit direction, an IF signal 504 may be provided from BBIC 502. An RF carrier is generated by RF carrier generator 508 and mixed with IF signal 504 by mixer 506 to up-convert the IF signal 504 to an RF signal. Mixer 506 may be a passive bi-directional mixer. The RF signal may be amplified by bi-directional amplifier 510 and then coupled to a phased array antenna system. The phased array antenna system transmits the RF signal in a scanned beam pattern, the direction of which is adjustable. To accomplish this, the RF signal is split by splitter/summer 514 and fed to a plurality of transceivers 516. Each transceiver 516 is configured with a phase shifter 518 capable of independently adjusting the phase of the split RF signal being fed to that transceiver 516. The phase shifted RF signal is further amplified by power amplifier (PA) 520 and fed to the antenna element 102 a, 102 b, etc. associated with the particular transceiver 516.
The phase shifter 518 may be under the control of phased array controller 524, which controls the amount and timing of the phase shift adjustments for each transceiver 516. By independently adjusting the phase of each of the split RF signals transmitted through each antenna element 102 a, 102 b, a pattern of constructive and destructive interference may be generated between the antenna elements 102 a, 102 b that results in a beam pattern of a desired shape that can be steered to a particular direction. By varying the phase adjustments in real-time, the resultant transmit beam pattern can be scanned through a desired range of directions. In some embodiments the phased array controller 524 may be a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), programmable logic or firmware.
A similar process may operate in the receive direction. Each antenna element 102 a, 102 b receives an RF signal which is processed by associated transceiver 516, where it is amplified by low noise amplifier (LNA) 520 and phase shifted by phase shifter 518 under control of phased array controller 524. The outputs of each transceiver 516 are summed by splitter/summer 514. Received RF signals arriving from different directions generally reach each of antenna elements 102 a, 102 b at different times. Phase shifting, which is equivalent to time shifting, may be employed to time align the received RF signals arriving from a particular direction while leaving received RF signals arriving from other directions unaligned. The summation of these RF signals by splitter/summer 514 results in a gain for the time-aligned components associated with signals arriving from that particular direction. This results in a beam pattern gain in that direction. By varying the phase adjustments in real-time, the resultant receive beam pattern can be scanned through a desired range of directions.
The received RF signal from the phased array antenna system may be further amplified by bi-directional amplifier 510 and then mixed by mixer 506 with the RF carrier generated by RF carrier generator 508 to down-convert the RF signal to an output IF signal 504 which is sent to BBIC 502 for baseband processing.
The process described above may, for example, handle the horizontally polarized signal through transmission paths 106 a, 106 b, etc. The same, or similar, process may also be performed independently and nearly simultaneously to handle the vertically polarized signal through transmission paths 108 a, 108 b, etc. Thus, each antenna element, 102 a, 102 b, etc. may be provided with independent phase delay for the horizontal and vertical channels to provide separate beam scanning for the horizontally and vertically polarized signals.
FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of operations 600 of one exemplary embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. At operation 610, a first antenna element is configured to communicate a first signal polarized in a first orientation. At operation 620, a second antenna element is co-located with the first antenna element. The second antenna element is configured to communicate a second signal polarized in a second orientation orthogonal to the first orientation. At operation 630, driver circuitry is coupled to the first and second antenna elements. The driver circuitry is configured to process the first and second signals to achieve signal diversity in a wireless communication link.
a first antenna element configured to communicate a first signal, said first signal polarized in a first orientation;
a second antenna element co-located with said first antenna element, said second antenna element configured to communicate a second signal, said second signal polarized in a second orientation, said second orientation orthogonal to said first orientation;
driver circuitry coupled to said first antenna element and said second antenna element, said driver circuitry configured to process said first signal and said second signal to achieve signal diversity in a wireless communication link;
a first transmission path between the driver circuitry and the first antenna element to provide a first channel for the first signal polarized in the first orientation; and
a second transmission path between the driver circuitry and the second antenna element to provide a second channel for the second signal polarized in the second orientation,
wherein the first transmission path and the first channel are at least partially electromagnetically isolated from the second transmission path and the second channel to enable multiple input multiple output (“MIMO”) operations for the system.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said first orientation is horizontal and said second orientation is vertical.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein said first orientation is right-hand circular polarization and said second orientation is left-hand circular polarization.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein said system is configured to operate in a millimeter wave frequency range.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said system is configured to provide at least 15 dB isolation between said first signal and said second signal.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein said driver circuitry is a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC).
7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a platform including a processor coupled to said driver circuitry, memory coupled to said processor and user interface coupled to said processor.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein said platform is one of a smartphone, a tablet or a laptop computing device.
9. The system of claim 7 wherein said user interface is a touchscreen.
a phased array antenna comprising a plurality of dual polarization antenna elements, wherein each of said plurality of dual polarization antenna elements comprises a horizontal polarization element and a vertical polarization element; and
driver circuitry coupled to each of said horizontal polarization elements and said vertical polarization elements, said driver circuitry configured to provide a phase offset between each of said horizontal polarization elements and between each of said vertical polarization elements;
first transmission paths coupled between the driver circuitry and the horizontal polarization element of the plurality of dual polarization antenna elements to provide first channels for horizontally polarized signals; and
second transmission paths between the driver circuitry and the vertical polarization element of the plurality of dual polarization antenna elements to provide second channels for vertically polarized signals,
wherein the first transmission paths and the first channels are at least partially electromagnetically isolated from the second transmission paths and the second channels to enable multiple input multiple output (“MIMO”) operations for each of the plurality of dual polarization antenna elements.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein said driver circuitry further comprises a plurality of transceivers, said plurality of transceivers configured to provide independently adjustable phase delay to each of said horizontal polarization elements and each of said vertical polarization elements.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein said plurality of transceivers implement a first phased array beam scanning by controlling said adjustable phase delay to each of said horizontal polarization elements and said plurality of transceivers implement a second phased array beam scanning by controlling said adjustable phase delay to each of said vertical polarization elements.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein said first phased array beam scanning and said second phased array beam scanning provide signal diversity in a wireless communication link.
14. The system of claim 10, wherein said system is configured to operate in a millimeter wave frequency range.
15. The system of claim 10, wherein said system is configured to provide at least 15 dB isolation between said horizontal polarization element and said vertical polarization element.
16. The system of claim 10, wherein said driver circuitry is an RFIC.
17. The system of claim 10 further comprising a platform including a processor coupled to said driver circuitry memory coupled to said processor and user interface coupled to said processor.
18. The system of claim 17 wherein said platform is one of a smartphone, a tablet or a laptop computing device.
19. The system of claim 17 wherein said user interface is a touchscreen.
20. The system of claim 17 further comprising a plurality of said platforms each configured to communicate over a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN).
21. The system of claim 17 further comprising a plurality of said platforms each configured to communicate over a Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN).
configuring a first antenna element to communicate a first signal, said first signal polarized in a first orientation;
co-locating a second antenna element with said first antenna element, said second antenna element configured to communicate a second signal, said second signal polarized in a second orientation, said second orientation orthogonal to said first orientation;
coupling driver circuitry to said first antenna element and said second antenna element, said driver circuitry configured to process said first signal and said second signal to achieve signal diversity in a wireless communication link;
configuring a plurality of said first antenna elements and a plurality of said second antenna elements in a phased array antenna; and
configuring said driver circuitry to provide a phase offset between each of said plurality of first antenna elements and between each of said plurality of second antenna elements.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said first orientation is horizontal and said second orientation is vertical.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein said first orientation is right-hand circular polarization and said second orientation is left-hand circular polarization.
25. The method of claim 22, further comprising configuring said first antenna element, said second antenna element and said driver circuitry to operate in a millimeter wave frequency range.
26. The method of claim 22, further comprising configuring said first antenna element and said second antenna element to provide at least 15 dB isolation between said first signal and said second signal.
27. The method of claim 22, further comprising configuring a plurality of transceivers associated with said driver circuitry to provide independently adjustable phase delay to each of said plurality of first antenna elements and each of said plurality of second antenna elements.
28. The method of claim 27, further comprising implementing a first phased array beam scanning by controlling said adjustable phase delay to each of said plurality of first antenna elements and implementing a second phased array beam scanning by controlling said adjustable phase delay to each of said plurality of second antenna elements.
29. A diversity antenna comprising:
a second antenna element co-located with said first antenna element, said second antenna element configured to communicate a second signal, said second signal polarized in a second orientation, said second orientation orthogonal to said first orientation; and
a first antenna feed line coupled to said first antenna element; and
a second antenna feed line coupled to said second antenna element, wherein said second antenna feed line is routed to maintain a distance from said first antenna feed line that exceeds a pre-determined threshold.
30. The diversity antenna of claim 29 wherein said pre-determined threshold corresponds to achieving at least 15 dB isolation between said first antenna element and said second antenna element.
31. The diversity antenna of claim 29, wherein said first orientation is horizontal and said second orientation is vertical.
32. The diversity antenna of claim 29, wherein said first orientation is right-hand circular polarization and said second orientation is left-hand circular polarization.
33. The diversity antenna of claim 29, wherein said diversity antenna is configured to operate in a millimeter wave frequency range.
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