Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5566009?dq=6008737
Timestamp: 2017-02-19 12:19:50
Document Index: 388875129

Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 3', 'application No. 3', 'application No. 3', 'application No. 3', 'application No. 3', 'application No. 3', 'art 2', 'art 2']

Patent US5566009 - Polymer-dispersed antiferroelectric liquid crystal device - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising a pair of substrates at least one of them is light-transmitting, electrodes being provided on said substrates, and an electro-optical modulating layer being supported by said pair of substrates, provided that said electro-optical modulating layer comprises...http://www.google.com/patents/US5566009?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5566009 - Polymer-dispersed antiferroelectric liquid crystal deviceAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5566009 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/447,549Publication dateOct 15, 1996Filing dateMay 23, 1995Priority dateMar 4, 1992Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS6195139, US6618105, US7123320, US8035773, US20020024629, US20040036822, US20070159583Publication number08447549, 447549, US 5566009 A, US 5566009A, US-A-5566009, US5566009 A, US5566009AInventorsShunpei Yamazaki, Takeshi Nishi, Toshimitsu Konuma, Michio Shimizu, Kouji MoriyaOriginal AssigneeSemiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (62), Classifications (18), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPolymer-dispersed antiferroelectric liquid crystal device
US 5566009 AAbstract
1. An electro-optical device comprising:a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; an electro-optical modulating layer provided between said substrates and comprising an antiferroelectric liquid crystal and a transparent material; an electrode arrangement provided on said substrates and defining a plurality of pixels in said electro-optical modulating layer; and a plurality of thin film transistors provided on one of said substrates for driving said pixels wherein said electro-optical modulating layer is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. 2. The device of claim 1 wherein said antiferroelectric liquid crystal is surrounded by said transparent material.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein said transparent material comprises a resin.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein thickness of said electro-optical modulating layer is 5 to 10 μm.
5. An electro-optical device comprising:a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; an electro-optical modulating layer provided between said substrates and comprising an antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal and a transparent material; and means for applying an electric field to said antiferroelectric liquid crystal wherein said electro-optical modulating layer is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. 6. The device of claim 5 wherein said transparent material comprises a resin.
7. The device of claim 5 wherein thickness of said electro-optical modulating layer is 5 to 10 μ.
8. The device of claim 5 wherein said antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal is surrounded by said transparent material.
9. The device of claim 5 wherein said means comprises an active matrix circuit.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein said active matrix circuit comprises at least two transistors having different conductivity types from each other for each pixel of said electro-optical device.
11. The device of claim 5 wherein said means comprises an N-channel type transistor and a P-channel type transistor for each pixel of said electro-optical device.
12. An electro-optical device comprising:a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; an electro-optical modulating layer provided between said substrates and comprising an antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal and a transparent material; and means for applying an electric field to said antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal, wherein said electro-optical modulating layer transmits a light incident thereon when no electric signal is applied to said electro-optical modulating layer, and said electro-optical modulating layer scatters a light incident thereon when an electric signal is applied to said electro-optical modulating layer. 13. The device of claim 12 wherein said transparent material comprises a resin.
14. The device of claim 12 wherein said antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal is surrounded by said transparent material.
15. The device of claim 12 wherein thickness of said electro-optical modulating layer is 5 to 10 μm.
16. An electro-optical device comprising:a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; an electro-optical modulating layer provided between the substrates and comprising an antiferrolectric liquid crystal and a transparent material; and an electrode arrangement provided on the substrates and defining a plurality of pixels in the electro-optical modulating layer, wherein the electro-optical modulating layer is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. Description
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/024,946, filed Mar. 2, 1993, now abandoned.
The aforementioned devices, however, require polarizer sheets to be incorporated. Moreover, the liquid crystal molecules need to be regularly arranged ill the liquid crystal electro-optical device to achieve a predetermined alignment. The alignment treatment as referred herein comprises rubbing an alignment film (ordinarily an organic film) with a cotton or a velvet cloth along one direction. If not for this treatment, the liquid crystal molecules are unable to attain a predetermined alignment, and hence, no electro-optical effect can be expected therefrom. Accordingly, conventional liquid crystal electro-optical devices above unexceptionably comprise a pair of substrates which make a container to hold therein a liquid crystal material. Then, the optical effect which results from the oriented liquid crystal having charged into the container can be utilized.
The term "average refractive index" as referred herein is defined as follows. When no electric field is applied to a liquid crystal material on a non-treated substrate, the refractive indices thereof are found to be distributed as shown in FIG. 10. In the figure, no and ne represent the refractive index for an ordinary light and an extraordinary light, respectively. The "average refractive index" is then defined as the index nave at the maximum distribution intensity in the curve as shown in FIG. 10.
Polymer dispersed liquid crystals include not only those of the encapsulated type, but also those comprising liquid crystal materials being dispersed in an epoxy resin, or those utilizing phase separation between a liquid crystal and a resin which results by irradiating a light for curing a photocurable resin being mixed with a liquid crystal, or those obtained by impregnating a three-dimension polymer network with a liquid crystal. All those enumerated above are referred to as "polymer dispersed liquid crystals" in the present invention.
3) be driven at a speed of 0.1 msec (100 μsec) or less even in a cell having a thickness in the range of from 2.5 to 10 μm.
FIGS. 2(A)-(C) are a schematically drawn cross sectional views of liquid crystal electro-optical devices according to embodiments of the present invention;
FIGS. 3(A)-3(F) are a schematically drawn cross sectional views of a liquid crystal electro-optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention, in a step of the fabrication process;
FIGS. 4(A)-4(F) show a circuit diagrams for active matrix addressing;
FIGS. 5(A)-5(E) show other circuit diagrams for active matrix addressing and a voltage-tilt angle characteristic curve for an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal;
FIGS. 6(A)-6(C) show structures for active matrix addressing;
(1) A 4:6 to 8:2 mixture of a liquid crystal material and an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin is injected between a pair of substrates, and a UV light is irradiated thereto from the surface of the substrate to cure the resin. Preferably, on irradiating UV light to the mixture, the sample is previously heated to a temperature about 5° to 40° C. higher than the transition temperature at which the mixture of the liquid crystal and the resin undergoes transition from an isotropic phase to a liquid crystal phase.
(2) A solution having previously prepared by dissolving a liquid crystal and a resin in a solvent is applied to the surface of a substrate by a spinner process or by casting, and the solvent is gradually evaporated. The resin for use in this process include poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyfumarates, polycarbazoles, and PMMA [poly(methyl methacrylate)].
As shown in FIG. 2(A), spherical liquid crystal droplets 104 can be obtained by any of the processes above. In FIG. 7, those spherical droplets 3 can also be seen. In FIG. 2(A) and FIG. 7 are shown basic liquid crystal cells using a liquid crystal material according to the present invention. Needless to say, liquid crystal displays having a known active matrix structure can be fabricated making use of the present invention as well. In FIGS. 2(B) and 2(C) are shown active matrices using a reverse stagger type TFT and a coplanar TFT, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 2(A), a polymer dispersed liquid crystal was fabricated first by a known process. The present Example refers to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal using a UV curable resin. A transparent conductive coating, i.e., an ITO (Indium-Tin-Oxide) film 102, was deposited on a light-transmitting substrate 101 by a known vapor deposition or sputtering process to a thickness of from 500 to 2,000Å. The ITO film thus obtained had a sheet resistivity of from 20 to 200 Ω/cm2. The film thus obtained was patterned by an ordinary photolithographic process. The resulting first and second substrates were adhered together under pressure, while maintaining a spacing of from 5 to 100 μm, preferably from 7 to 30 μm, by incorporating an inorganic spacer between the substrates. In this manner, the cell spacing can be maintained constant at about the diameter of the spacer. As the liquid crystal material, an ester based anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal having a refractive index of 1.6 and a Δn of 0.2 was mixed with a photocurable resin having a refractive index of 1.573 and comprising a mixed system of an urethane oligomer and an acrylic monomer.
The resulting liquid crystal mixed system was injected between the first and the second substrates above at a temperature higher than the SA -I phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal mixed system, and an UV light was irradiated thereto at an intensity of from about 10 to 100 mW/cm2 for a duration of from about 30 to 300 seconds to cure the resin while allowing the mixed system to undergo phase separation into a liquid crystal and a resin. As a result, liquid crystal droplets 104 surrounded by a resin (transparent material) 105 were formed.
The liquid crystal material used in the present Example undergoes a phase transition sequence of Iso-SmA-SmCA * -Cry. More specifically, it undergoes phase transition from Iso to SmA at 92° C., from SmA to SmCA * at 60° C., and from SmCA * to Cry at -20° C. It has a positive dielectric anisotropy with a birefringence Δn of about 0.2, and a spontaneous polarization of 12 nC/cm2.
An amorphous silicon TFT 117 having a gate insulator 118 based on silicon nitride was established by a known process on a second substrate made of an alkali-free glass such as a Corning 7059. A polyimide film 119 which serves as an interlayer insulator and also as a smoothing layer was formed at a thickness of from 200 to 1000 nm. Then, data connections 110 for an active matrix were formed using Cr, and a pixel electrode 113 using ITO was established further thereon to complete the second substrate.
After conducting ion doping, the amorphous regions having resulted by impurity injection were activated by subjecting them to laser annealing as illustrated in FIG. 3(D). The conditions for the laser annealing are the same as those described in the previous inventions of the present authors, as disclosed in Japanese patent application Nos. 4-30220 and 4-38837. Furthermore, after establishing interlayer insulators 220 and 221, contact holes were bore, and a chromium coating was provided thereon by sputtering. The chromium coating thus obtained was patterned to establish connections 222, 223, and 224 to obtain a structure as shown in FIG. 3(E).
Finally, a polyimide coating 225 was provided on the second substrate by a known spin-coating process to smooth the surface. Then, a contact hole was formed thereon to establish a pixel electrode 228 using ITO to complete the second substrate.
The active matrix addressed liquid crystal panel thus obtained comprises a circuit structure as shown in FIG. 4(B). In FIG. 4(B) is given a part, i.e., a 2×2 matrix of the entire structure. A driver circuit was formed together on the same substrate of the liquid crystal panel of the present Example as in the liquid crystal panel obtained in Example 3. Accordingly, no external driver circuit was necessary for the present liquid crystal panel. Thus, for driving the circuit of the present Example, a method as described in the previous invention of the present inventors, as disclosed in Japanese patent application No. 3-208848, may be employed. The liquid crystal panel thus obtained in the present Example was driven according to substantially the same method disclosed in the aforementioned Japanese patent application No. 3-208848 to confirm the display of images.
An active matrix addressed liquid crystal cell of a CMOS transfer gate type using the liquid crystal material described in Example 1 was fabricated. The circuit structure of the matrix fabricated in the present Example is shown in FIG. 4(C). An N channel TFT (NTFT) and a P channel TFT (PTFT) were established on a single pixel, so that they may function in a complementary manner. In FIG. 8(B) is shown a plan view for the circuit established on the second substrate of the present Example. The circuit comprises a region defined by a first and a second scan line 411 and 412, respectively, and a data line 413, in which a pixel electrode 418, an NTFT 414, and a PTFT 415 are established.
For driving the circuit of the present Example, a method as described in the previous invention of the present inventors, as disclosed in Japanese patent application No. 3-163871, may be employed. The liquid crystal panel, thus obtained in the present Example was driven according to substantially the same method disclosed in the aforementioned Japanese patent application No. 3-163871 to confirm the display of images.
For driving the circuit of the present Example, a method as described in the previous invention of the present inventors, as disclosed in Japanese patent application No. 3-169308, may be employed. The liquid crystal panel thus obtained in the present Example was driven according to substantially the same method disclosed in the aforementioned Japanese patent application No. 3-189308 to confirm the display of images.
As shown in FIG. 7, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal was fabricated first by a known process. The present Example refers to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal using a UV curable resin. A transparent conductive coating, i.e., an ITO film 2, was deposited on a light-transmitting substrate 1 by a known vapor deposition or sputtering process to a thickness of from 500 to 2,000Å. The ITO film thus obtained had a sheet resistivity of from 20 to 200 Ω/cm2. The film thus obtained was patterned by an ordinary photolithographic process. The resulting first and second substrates were adhered together under pressure, while maintaining a spacing of from 5 to 100 μm, preferably from 7 to 30 μm, by incorporating an inorganic spacer between the substrates. In this manner, the cell spacing can be maintained constant at about the diameter of the spacer. As the liquid crystal material, an ester based anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal having a refractive index of 1.6 and a Δn of 0.2 was mixed with a photocurable resin having a refractive index of 1.62 and comprising a mixed system of an urethane oligomer and an acrylic monomer.
The resulting liquid crystal mixed system was injected between the first and the second substrates above at a temperature higher than the SA -I phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal mixed system, and an UV light was irradiated thereto at an intensity of from about 10 to 100 mW/cm2 for a duration of from about 30 to 300 seconds to cure the resin while allowing the mixed system to undergo phase separation into a liquid crystal and a resin. As a result, liquid crystal droplets 3 surrounded by a resin 4 were formed.
The liquid crystal material used in the present Example undergoes a phase transition sequence of Iso-SmA-SmC*-SmCA * -Cry. More specifically, it undergoes phase transition from Iso to SmA at 100° C., from SmA to SmC* at 84° C., from SmC* to SmCA * at 82° C., and from SmCA * to Cry at -10.1° C. It has a dielectric anisotropy with a birefringence Δn of about 0.2, and a spontaneous polarization of 80 nC/cm2. The electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising the antiferroelectric liquid crystal thus obtained are listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________Transmittance     Threshold Voltage Response Speed______________________________________95% (0 V) 9.5 V/&#956;m       8.0 &#956;sec.     (when increasing a voltage)                       (0-&gt;80 V)56% (80 V)     5.5 V/&#956;m       306 &#956;sec.     (when decreasing a voltage)                       (80-&gt;0 V)______________________________________
In addition, the matrix circuits used in Examples 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 may be replaced by those shown in FIGS. 5(A), 5(B), 5(C), and 5(D).
In the latter type of the liquid crystal electro-optical device, a switching speed of 400 μsec or even higher is obtained; i.e., a device having a quick response of 20 or more times as quick as that of a conventional device is obtained even on a cell having an inter electrode spacing of from 5 to 10 μm. Furthermore, the use of an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal as the liquid crystal material results in a favorable dielectric property with a spontaneous polarization as large as 80 nC/cm2. This enables realization of a higher switching rate even on a device to which only an electric field of low intensity can be applied, i.e., on such having a thick liquid crystal cell or such under a low voltage. This is because, if the electric field were to be maintained constant, a higher spontaneous polarization signifies that a higher force can be exerted to the liquid crystal molecules for their driving.
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