Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5796154?dq=5537618
Timestamp: 2014-03-14 05:44:18
Document Index: 754836956

Matched Legal Cases: ['art. 2', 'art.\n5', 'art.\n8', 'art 11', 'art 21', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 11']

Patent US5796154 - Solid-state imaging device with dual lens structure - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsWhen light enters a solid-state imaging device obliquely, the light passing an optical path which misses a photodiode part is gathered by a second microlens located in the lower part which directs the light more vertically. A convergent rate of the oblique incident light can be prevented from decreasing....http://www.google.com/patents/US5796154?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5796154 - Solid-state imaging device with dual lens structureAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5796154 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/522,131Publication dateAug 18, 1998Filing dateAug 31, 1995Priority dateMay 22, 1995Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN1050938C, CN1134040A, DE69503473D1, DE69503473T2, EP0744778A1, EP0744778B1, US6030852Publication number08522131, 522131, US 5796154 A, US 5796154A, US-A-5796154, US5796154 A, US5796154AInventorsHiromitsu Aoki, Yoshikazu Sano, Yoko ShigetaOriginal AssigneeMatsushita Electronics CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Referenced by (65), Classifications (39), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSolid-state imaging device with dual lens structureUS 5796154 AAbstract When light enters a solid-state imaging device obliquely, the light passing an optical path which misses a photodiode part is gathered by a second microlens located in the lower part which directs the light more vertically. A convergent rate of the oblique incident light can be prevented from decreasing. In this way, a solid-state imaging device having high sensitivity ratio, less smear (stray light), and excellent image characteristics can be provided. A metal with a high melting point or a metal silicide film thereof is used as a photo-shielding film. After making the photo-shielding film thinner, a Boro-Phospho-Silicate-Glass (BPSG) film is provided on the entire surface. Then, the second microlens is directly formed on an element provided with a surface protective coating comprising SiO.sub.2, SiON, or SiN, and on top of that, a color filter and an intermediate transparent film are formed, and then a first microlens is formed thereon. The second microlens located in the lower part is formed using a material having a larger refractive index than that of the intermediate transparent film or the BPSG film.
What is claimed is: 1. A solid-state imaging device, comprising:a semiconductor substrate having a solid-state imaging element formed thereon, the solid state imaging element comprising a plurality of photodiode parts on its surface; a semiconductor element surface protective coating above the solid-state imaging element; a plurality of lower microlenses above the protective coating, one of the lower microlenses being located at a position corresponding to the position of a corresponding one of the photodiode parts and having a convex shape of increased thickness at a central part, the central part of the convex shape extending in a direction toward the substrate; an intermediate layer above the lower microlenses; a plurality of upper microlenses above the intermediate layer, one of the upper microlenses being located at a position corresponding to the position of a corresponding one of the photodiode parts, a single upper microlens and a single lower microlens being provided for each photodiode part; wherein the upper and lower microlenses have substantially the same photorefractive index and substantially equivalent photopermeability, the photorefractive index of the upper and lower microlenses being greater than that of the intermediate layer, and being greater than the average refractive index of the portion of the solid state imaging device from the protective coating to the photodiode part. 2. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central part of the convex shape of the lower microlens also extends away from the substrate.
3. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the upper microlens is a convex shape having a central part extending in a direction toward or away from the substrate.
4. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising at least one film selected from the group consisting of a metal silicide film and a metal film with a high melting point, formed as a photo-shielding film in a photo-shielding area other than the photodiode part.
5. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the metal silicide film is at least one film selected from the group consisting of tungsten silicide (WSi), molybdenum silicide (MoSi), and titanium silicide (TiSi).
6. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the metal film with a high melting point comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), and titanium (Ti).
7. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a Boro-Phospho-Silicate-Glass (BPSG) film is formed as a surface layer of the photo-shielding film and the photodiode part.
8. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 7, wherein an upper surface of the Boro-Phospho-Silicate-Glass (BPSG) film is formed with a concave shape extending toward the substrate at positions corresponding to the positions of the lower microlenses.
9. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the BPSG film has a thickness of from 0.5 μm to 1.2 μm.
10. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the semiconductor element surface protective coating comprises at least one film selected from the group consisting of SiO.sub.2, SiON, and SiN.
11. The solid-state imagining device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a color filter layer is formed between the upper and lower microlenses and contracting an upper surface of the lower microlens.
12. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper microlenses have uncovered upper surfaces.
13. The solid-state imaging device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the protective coating is formed on the upper surface of the BPSG film, and has an upper surface whose shape corresponds to that of the upper surface of the BPSG film, whereby concavities in the upper surface of the protective coating act as molds for lower surfaces of the lower microlenses.
As mentioned above, it is preferable that the cross-sectional shape of the lower microlens is a convex shape whose central part is swelled either in the upward or downward direction. As a result, according to the so-called principle of convex lens, light entering from above can be gathered effectively and led to the central position of the light-intercepting part, thereby maintaining the sensitivity to a high degree.
Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is preferable that the cross-sectional shape of the upper microlens is a convex shape whose central part is swelled either in the upward or downward direction. According to the above-mentioned so-called principle of convex lens, light entering from above can be gathered effectively and led to the central position of the photodiode part, thereby maintaining the sensitivity to a high degree.
In addition, when at least one film which is selected from the group consisting of a metal silicide film and a metal film with a high melting point is formed as a photo-shielding film in a photo-shielding area other than the photodiode part, a polysilicone electrode can be formed thinner than when using a conventional metal aluminum film as a photo-shielding film. At the same time, the photo-shielding film and the polysilicone electrode form a convex shape so that the photodiode part formed between the polysilicon electrode and the adjacent electrode forms a hollow shape. Through the BPSG film formed thereon, the shape of the second microlens is determined. In other words, the thickness of the final BPSG film determines the shape of the lens, but its basic shape is determined by the thicknesses and widths of the polysilicone electrode and the photo-shielding film and the distance therebetween. For example, supposing that the thickness of the polysilicone electrode is about 0.8 to 1 μm, the distance between the polysilicone electrode and the adjacent polysilicone electrode (the photodiode part) is about 5 μm, the thickness of the photo-shielding film on the surface of the polysilicone electrode is about 0.4 μm, and the thickness of the BPSG film is about 0.8 μm, then the shape of the second microlens comprises a convex lens whose central part is formed in a convex shape.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a state in which an optical path of oblique light misses a photodiode part in a conventional example.
FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (c) are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a second microlens in one embodiment of this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention will now be explained in detail with referance to the attached figures and the following examples. The examples are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
On the surface of the element surface protective coating 5, a material 2' of the second microlens 2 was coated by a rotary-coating (spin-coating) method. The material comprises a polypara-vinyl-phenol-based resin shown in the formula below (Formula 1), which is characterized by melting when heated and hardening when heated further. ##STR1## (In this formula, n represents the polymerization number, indicating the number of repetitive units of the polymer.)
A naphthoquinone diazide photosensitive agent is added to the above-mentioned polypara-vinyl-phenol-based resin, and patterning can be performed with ultraviolet rays. FIG. 6 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the coated condition. Ultraviolet rays 15 are irradiated through a reticule 16 (This reticule is formed of a transparent synthetic quartz, and a mask 23 of metal patterns made of chrome is integrated. This reticule is a projection reticule for 1/5 reduction. The window part of the mask 23 has a size of 25 μm in length the thickness of the chrome patterns is 0.1 μm.), which is designed in a size for forming the second microlens, and a part where the microlens material is removed was sensitized. Next, an organic alkali solution (a non-metal-type organic ammonium developing solution which is used generally in this field) was used for rinsing, and a development patterning 17 was formed in the exposure part. A cross-sectional view of this condition is shown in FIG. 6 (b). Furthermore, ultraviolet rays were irradiated to enhance the permeability of the lens material to about 90 to 98%. After a heat treatment was performed for 5 minutes at about 150 200 second microlens 2 was formed. The cross-sectional view of the second microlens 2 is shown in FIG. 6 (c). The second microlens 2 had a diameter of 9 μm and a maximum thickness of 2.2 μm. This second microlens 2 had a refractive index n.sub.2 of 1.560.
The novolak-type resist was washed selectively in a release solution and removed. After washing the resist in pure water and drying, the second microlens material was melted at 150 200 cross-sectional view of FIG. 6 (c) was formed. The second microlens had a diameter of 9 μm and a maximum thickness of 2 μm.
The refractive index n.sub.3 of the intermediate film was about 1.498 and was smaller than the refractive index n.sub.2 of the second microlens. In this way, the second microlens of a convex shape could now gather light in the upper direction. Furthermore, when a black-and-white imaging or a three chips imaging device for video cameras is used, the color filter is not necessary. The intermediate layer 3 was rotary-coated directly. Next, the material of the first microlens was coated, and ultraviolet rays were provided for exposure through a reticule (mask) following the shape of the microlens. Since the microlens comprised a photosensitive material, an organic alkali solution (non-metal-type organic ammonium developing solution) was used for developing and removing unnecessary parts. In addition, ultraviolet rays were irradiated to make the material transparent, and the substance was heated for 5 minutes at the temperature of 130 substance was heated again for 5 minutes at 200 the reliability. As a result, the first microlens 1 shown in FIG. 1 was formed. The refractive index n.sub.1 of this first microlens 1 was 1.560. Furthermore, a refractive index of the intermediate film 3 held between the above-mentioned microlenses 1 and 2 was 1.495. Also, the film ranging from the BPSG film 6 to the photodiode part 11 had an average refractive index of 1.470, which is almost the same as that of the BPSG film 6. The above-mentioned section ranging from the first microlens 1 to the second microlens 2 is generally referred to as an on-chip microlens part 21.
EXAMPLE 2 In a second embodiment of this invention, the steps up to the coating of the second microlens material 2' on top of the surface protective coating 5 are the same as those in Example 1 (FIG. 6 (a)). Thereafter, instead of patterning, a method of melting and hardening directly was applied. FIG. 2 shows its cross-sectional configuration. After the coating, ultraviolet rays were irradiated to make the material transparent. The substance was heated for 5 minutes at the temperature of 190 which is a melting temperature, and liquidized once and flattened. By further continuing the heating, the substance hardened. In Example 1, the second microlens separated respectively and showed a convex shape in the upward and downward directions, whereas a convex shape was formed only in the down direction in Example 2. A diameter of the second microlens was about 10 μm, and the maximun thickness in the central part was about 1.7 to 1.8 μm.
The refractive index n.sub.3 of the intermediate film was about 1.49 and was smaller than the refractive index n.sub.2 of the second microlens. In this way, the second microlens of an upright convex shape could now gather light. Furthermore, when a black-and-white imaging or a three chips imaging device for video cameras was used, the color filter was not necessary, and the intermediate layer 3 was rotary-coated directly. After the material of the first microlens was coated, ultraviolet rays were provided for exposure through a reticule (mask) following the shape of the microlens. Since the microlens comprises a photosensitive material, an organic alkali solution (non-metal-type organic ammonium developing solution) was used for developing and removing unnecessary parts. In addition, ultraviolet rays are irradiated to make the material transparent, and the substance was heated for 5 minutes at the temperature of 130 substance was heated again for 5 minutes at 200 the reliability. As a result, the first microlens 1 shown in FIG. 2 was formed. The refractive index n.sub.1 of this first microlens 1 was 1.560. Furthermore, the refractive index of the intermediate film 3 held between the above-mentioned microlenses 1 and 2 was 1.495. Also, the film ranging from the BPSG film 6 to the photodiode part 11 had an average refractive index of 1.470, which was the same as that of the BPSG film 6.
EXAMPLE 3 A method of manufacturing a solid-state imaging device in an embodiment of this invention will be explained by referring to FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (c).
FIG. 6 (a) is cross-sectional view showing a step of coating polypara-vinyl-phenol shown in the above-mentioned formula (Formula 1) with a thickness of 2 μm after a semiconductor imaging element is completed according to this manufacturing method. FIG. 6 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing an intermediate step of developing with an organic ammonia after ultraviolet rays 15 are irradiated through a reticule (mask) 16, in which the material 2' of the second microlens in this manufacturing method comprises a positive-type photosensitive material. FIG. 6 (c) is a cross-sectional view showing an intermediate step in this manufacturing method comprising heating at 150 180 irradiating the ultraviolet rays.
Subsequently, a negative-type photosensitive acrylic-based dyed material 4 (FIG. 1) is rotary-coated to form a thickness of 0.3 to 0.9 μm, and in order to leave a pixel part to be dyed with the same color, cross-linking was allowed to take place by exposure of ultraviolet rays, and it was hardened for 5 minutes at 130 predetermined stain solution and dyed. This dying process was performed by using a method which is well-known in this field. A refractive index n.sub.4 of the color filter was 1.55, which was almost equal to the refractive index of the second microlens, and the optical path was the same as that of the microlens. Next, the intermediate film 3 was rotary-coated to form a thickness of 0.9 μm and then flattened. Thereafter, the first microlens 1 was coated with a thickness of about 2 μm, and ultraviolet rays were provided for exposure through a reticule (mask). After the exposed part was washed with an organic alkali solution (non-metal-type organic ammonium developing solution), ultraviolet rays are irradiated to make the material transparent, and the substance was heated for 5 minutes at the temperature of 130 and melted and hardened. Thereafter, the substance was heated again for 5 minutes at 200 the second microlens. The refractive index n.sub.2 of this second microlens was 1.560. The refractive index n.sub.1 of the first microlens was also 1.560. The refractive index n.sub.3 of the intermediate film 3 was about 1.495 and was smaller than the refractive index n.sub.2 of the second microlens. In this way, the second microlens of an upright convex shape could now gather light. In addition, the film ranging from the BPSG film 6 to the photodiode part 11 had an average refractive index of 1.470, which is almost the same with that of the BPSG film 6.
Accordingly, under the conditions in which an optical lens had an open diaphragm of F1.4 and oblique incident photocomponents are contained, the solid-state imaging device (CCD) provided with the second microlens in the lower part proved to output sensitivity which is increased at +10 to +15%, compared with a conventional method (only the first lens is present). Furthermore, it was confirmed that undesirable stray light components (smear) of images could be reduced at about 30%. As shown in FIG. 3, the optical path of the oblique incident light 18 reaches the photodiode part 11 in full in the condition when the diaphragm is open. As a result, the sensitivity improves when the diaphragm of the optical lens is open.
EXAMPLE 4 Next, sensitivity ratios of incident light are compared between a conventional solid-state imaging apparatus in which a second microlens is not present (FIG. 7) and a solid-state imaging apparatus in which a second microlens manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 (FIG. 8) is present. The results are shown in FIG. 10. In FIG. 10, the line with marks of black dots shows the sensitivity ratio of incident light in a solid-state imaging apparatus of this embodiment which has the second microlens (inner layer lens). The mark sensitivity standard (=1) of the incident light attained by a conventional solid-state imaging apparatus in which the second microlens is not present. Compared with the above-mentioned conventional solid-state imaging apparatus, it was confirmed that the sensitivity ratio of this embodiment improved by 6�16% while the thickness ratio of the first microlens ranged from 80�120(%).
Furthermore, FIGS. 7�8, in which two electrodes 8, 8' are present in the cross-sectional direction, are cross-sectional views taken on line II--II of FIG. 9. These figures do not differ substantially from FIGS. 1�6 showing cross-sectional views taken on line I--I.
TABLE 1______________________________________       conventional                a thin film       monolens inner layer lens______________________________________sensitivity ratio         1.00: standard                    1.16smear ratio   1.00: standard                    0.70______________________________________
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ClassificationH01L31/02164, H01L27/14687, H01L31/0232, H01L27/14868, H01L27/14685, H01L27/14621, H01L27/14623, H01L27/14627, H01L27/14625, H01L27/14806, H01L27/14632European ClassificationH01L31/0232, H01L27/146A14, H01L27/146A8S, H01L27/146V4, H01L27/148F, H01L27/148A, H01L27/146A10, H01L31/0216B2B, H01L27/146V2, H01L27/146A10M, H01L27/146A8CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJan 13, 2014ASAssignmentFree format text: LIEN;ASSIGNOR:COLLABO INNOVATIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:031997/0445Effective date: 20131213Owner name: PANASONIC CORPORATION, JAPANJan 8, 2014ASAssignmentFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.;REEL/FRAME:031947/0358Owner name: PANASONIC CORPORATION, JAPANEffective date: 20081001Jan 29, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Jan 27, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jan 29, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., JAPANFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:MATSUSHITA ELECTRONICS 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