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TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 80: MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION - PDF
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1 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 80: MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
2 IEC TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 80: MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Photo courtesy of Kongsberg Maritime 1
3 IEC TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 80: MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS One of the fundamental trends in the maritime industry over the past decades has been an increasing reliance on electrical and electronic technologies for navigating and communicating. These technologies have moved well out of the mechanical era and fully into the electronic and information age. This is particularly true for equipment on ocean-going cargo and passenger vessels and for industrial fishing fleets but now even applies to the smallest of vessels. Created in 1980, IEC Technical Committee 80 produces operational and performance requirements together with test methods for maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems. The committee provides industry with standards that are also accepted by governments as suitable for type approval where this is required by the International Maritime Organization s SOLAS Convention. TC 80 does this by ensuring that it has representatives from industry, users, governments and test certification bodies. There are currently 20 participating national members in the committee and liaisons with all the major international maritime bodies. The committee work programme is associated with that of the IMO by mirroring the performance standards adopted by IMO in its resolutions, with associated relevant ITU recommendations. TC 80 standards support IMO resolutions and non-solas and shore applications. Its scope is to prepare standards for maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems, making use of electrotechnical, electronic, electroacoustic, electro-optical and data processing techniques for use on ships and where appropriate on shore. By being represented in both IMO and ITU this technical committee can contribute to the performance and technical content of the resolutions and recommendations. This is invaluable to industry, in that the performance and technical standards represent the practical state of current and emerging technology. 2
4 Origins The origins of TC 80 date from the 1970s when electromechanical instruments started to be replaced by electronic instruments. In 1978 the IEC set up a working group to propose a possible work programme on advanced navigational instruments. The preferred approach was what today would be called multi-modal covering land, sea and air applications and the concept envisaged for navigation included related aspects of radiocommunications. Experts from France, Germany, Japan and Norway formed the working group with contributions from: International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) Comité International Radio-Maritime (CIRM) International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO, now IMO) European Organisation for Civil Aviation Electronics (EUROCAE) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The working group identified a need for standards for instruments used on ships and possibly aircraft, noted the complex interrelations between IMCO, EUROCAE and ISO and centres of expertise existing within IEC, particularly in TC 18 (Electrical installations of ships and of mobile and fixed offshore units) and the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR). The new Technical Committee held its first meeting in June 1980 in Stockholm with delegates from China, France, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, UK, USA and Yugoslavia and observers from TC 18 and CIRM. The top priority task identified was standards to support the carriage requirements of the new SOLAS 1974, particularly automatic radar plotting aids (ARPA). TC 80 subsequently specialised into the activity of maritime instruments and has now produced some 46 standards. 5 5
5 General requirements Photo courtesy of P&O Cruises When TC 80 was formed there were 20 classification societies, together with the International Association of Classification Societies, numerous statutory authorities, regional standards bodies and IMCO all with different ideas on what the general requirements should be for equipment to be used on ships. It quickly became clear that general requirements interrelated environmental issues with other issues concerning the design of the equipment, its power supplies, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and safety. In 1991 the IMO, when discussing the changes which would arise with the introduction of the GMDSS, noted that in future, radio equipment would be installed on the bridge alongside the navigation equipment instead of in a special radio room as hitherto and TC 80 standards subsequently took this into account. Having attained consensus in IMO for the requirements for equipment used on the bridge of a ship, discussions began with classification societies, with TC 18 and with ISO to align all their general requirements. This resulted in the third edition of IEC in 1996 which is the industry standard on this subject. This edition also introduced new requirements for software, reflecting the technological changes taking place in equipment design. A fourth edition of appeared in 2002 which extended the detail of operational tests, particularly for equipment which is operated through software menus, to reflect the importance given by IMO to human factors. The EMC tests were also extended to contain the increasing problems experienced by the use of ever more electronic equipment on a ship. 6 3
6 Interfaces Interest in standard interfaces to enable navigation equipment to communicate developed in the 1970s. During this decade, CIRM took an interest in standards for gyrocompasses, the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) focused on the use of LORAN for controlling an auto-pilot and, later, the IMO became involved during the development of the GMDSS. By the mid-1980s the interface issue looked like it might polarize into two areas: exchange of navigational information and exchange of radiocommunication information. TC 80 helped to resolve this potential problem by developing standards suitable for all information exchange in the series which today contains the accepted industry standards. 5 Photo courtesy of Kongsberg Maritime 9
7 Towards the next quarter century Today security has become an important issue, giving Current interest in IMO is on reducing the workload of CIRM ISO TC 8 standards which complement the work of rise to a requirement to define standards for the use the bridge team through better integrated navigation The Comité International Radio-Maritime, or Interna- IEC TC 80, or have been produced jointly, include the of information from Automatic Identification Systems systems and displays, and TC 80 is developing tional Maritime Radio Committee, promotes use of following: (AIS). TC 80 is now preparing standards for shore- appropriate standards. electronic technology for shipping and the safety of life based AIS installations. at sea, and fosters relations between all organizations Magnetic compass IMO concerned with electronic aids to marine navigation (449, 613, 694, 2269, 8278, 10316) There is also new work on Electronic Chart Systems The International Maritime Organization, founded in and marine radiocommunications. Ships bridge layout (8468, 14612) (which do not necessarily meet all the IMO ECDIS 1948, is a specialized agency of the United Nations Gyro-compass (8728, 16328) requirements), in liaison with the Radio Technical with headquarters in London and known until 1982 as CIRM was accorded consultative status by IMCO in Radar reflector (8729) Commission for Maritime Services, as well as on a new the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organi It is also a Sector Member of the ITU, and is a Echo sounder (9875) generation of radars. zation (IMCO). It is a technical organization consisting Liaison Member both of the ISO and of the IEC. Heading controller (11674, 16329) of member states which has drafted some 40 Conven- Night vision (16273) In 2005 future work for further developments in satellite tions and 800 supporting Resolutions. CIRM provides the Secretary of TC 80 under an Searchlight (17894) navigation was identified, particularly regarding agreement with the British Standards Institution. Programmable electronic systems (17894) progress in Europe with the Galileo system and also ECS database (19379) and further work for AIS for craft not covered by the IMO s ISO Transmitting heading devices (22090). International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea At ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, (SOLAS). TC 8 deals with ships and marine technology and has 11 subcommittees of which SC 5 (Ships bridge layout), SC 6 (Navigation), SC 9 (General requirements) and SC 10 (Computer applications) have liaisons with IEC TC
8 Abbreviations AIS Automatic Identification Systems CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee (now part of ITU-R) CIRM International Maritime Radio Committee CISPR International Special Committee on Radio Interference ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System ECS Electronic Chart System EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System IALA International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities IMO International Maritime Organization (formerly IMCO Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization) ISO International Organization for Standardization ITU International Telecommunication Union LORAN Long Range Radio-Navigation System NMEA National Marine Electronics Association SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of RTCM Life at Sea Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services 12 3
9 Current Publications issued by TC 80 with the reference to the IMO performance standards where applicable NUMBER IMO Resolution TITLE NUMBER IMO Resolution TITLE IEC Ed. 1.0 A.823(19) Automatic radar plotting aids (ARPA) IEC Ed. 1.0 MSC.64(67) Annex 4 Automatic tracking aids (ATA) IEC Ed. 1.0 MSC.64(67) Annex 4 Electronic plotting aid (EPA) IEC Ed. 1.1 MSC.64(67) Annex 4 Radar - Part 1: Shipborne radar (including amendment 1, Annex for out of band and spurious emissions) IEC Ed. 1.0 A.820(19) Radar - Part 2: Shipborne radar for high-speed craft (HSC) IEC Ed. 1.0 MSC.64(67) Annex 4 Radar - Part 3: Chart radar IEC/PAS Ed. 1.0 S/N Circ.217 Radar - Guidelines for the display of AIS information IEC Ed. 4.0 A.694(17) General requirements IEC Ed. 2.0 MSC.96(72) Marine speed and distance measuring equipment (SDME) IEC Ed. 1.0 A.818(19) LORAN C receivers for ships IEC Ed. 1.0 A.802(19) GMDSS - Part 1: Radar transponder - Marine search and rescue (SART) IEC Ed. 2.0 A.810(19) amended by MSC.120(74) GMDSS - Part 2: COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRB IEC Ed. 1.0 A.803(19) GMDSS - Part 3: A.804(19), A.806(19) Digital selective calling (DSC) equipment IEC Ed. 1.0 A.807(19) amended MSC.68(68) Annex 4 GMDSS - Part 4: INMARSAT-C ship earth statio and EGC IEC Ed. 1.0 A.812(19) GMDSS - Part 5: Inmarsat-E (EPIRB) IEC Ed. 2.0 A.525(13) GMDSS - Part 6: NAVTEX IEC Ed. 1.0 A.803(19) amended MSC.68(68) Annex 1 GMDSS - Part 7: VHF radiotelephone transmitter and receiver IEC Ed. 1.0 A.803(19) GMDSS - Part 8: A.804(19), A.806(19) Watchkeeping receivers for DSC IEC Ed. 1.0 A.806(19) amended MSC.68(68) Annex 3 GMDSS - Part 9: Transmitters and receivers for use in the MF and HF bands IEC Ed. 1.0 GMDSS - Part 10: Inmarsat-B ship earth stationwequipment IEC Ed. 1.0 A.809(19) GMDSS - Part 12: Survival craft portable two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus IEC Ed 2.0 GMDSS - Part 13: Inmarsat F77 Ship Earth Station IEC Ed. 2.0 MSC.112(73) GNSS - Part 1: Global positioning system (GPS) - Receiver equipment IEC Ed. 1.0 MSC.113(73) GNSS - Part 2: Global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) Receiver equipment IEC Ed. 1.0 MSC.114(73 GNSS - Part 4: Differential GPS / Differential GLONASS IEC Ed. 2.0 Digital interfaces - Part 1: Single talker and multiple listeners IEC/PAS Ed. 1.0 Digital interfaces - extra sentences for AIS IEC/PAS Ed. 1.0 Digital interfaces - extra sentences other IEC/PAS Ed. 1.0 Digital interfaces - extra sentences for alarms IEC Ed. 1.0 Digital interfaces - Part 2: Single talker and multiple listeners, high-speed IEC Ed. 1.0 Digital Interfaces - Part 400: Introduction and general principles IEC Ed. 1.0 Digital Interfaces - Part 401: Application profile IEC Ed.1.0 Digital Interfaces Part 402: Test methods for the 400 series IEC Ed. 1.0 Digital Interfaces - Part 410: Transport profile requirements and profile IEC Ed. 1.0 Digital Interfaces - Part 420: Companion standards and requirements IEC Ed. 2.0 A.817(19) amended by MSC.86(70) Annex 4 Electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) IEC Ed. 1.0 MSC.64(67) Annex 1 Integrated bridge systems (IBS) IEC Ed.1.0 MSC.86(70) Annex 3 Integrated Navigation Systems (INS) IEC Ed. 1.0 AIS Part 1: Shipborne system using VHF digital selective calling techniques IEC Ed. 1.0 MSC.74(69) Annex 3 AIS Part 2: Class A Universal Automatic Identification System IEC Ed. 1.0 A.861(20) Shipborne voyage data recorder (VDR) IEC Ed. 1.0 MSC.163(78) Simplified voyage data recorder (S-VDR) IEC Ed. 1.0 MSC.74(69) Annex 2 Track control IEC Ed. 1.0 VHF radiotelephone with class «D» Digital Selective Calling (DSC) IEC Ed. 1.0 Radar plotting aids for small craft and non-solas convention craft IEC Ed 1.0 AIS Class B equipment for non-solas craft 14 15
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