Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN105816195A/en
Timestamp: 2019-09-17 01:32:41
Document Index: 4941076

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 201280010985', 'Application No. 20', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'application No. 8', 'application No. 8', 'art.\n21']

CN105816195A - Radiation Treatment Device and method for performing image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) on a body part of a patient - Google Patents
Radiation Treatment Device and method for performing image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) on a body part of a patient Download PDF
CN105816195A
CN105816195A CN201610217403.0A CN201610217403A CN105816195A CN 105816195 A CN105816195 A CN 105816195A CN 201610217403 A CN201610217403 A CN 201610217403A CN 105816195 A CN105816195 A CN 105816195A
CN201610217403.0A
C·R·小毛雷尔
E·P·林德奎斯特
爱可瑞公司
2011-01-20 Priority to US201161434824P priority Critical
2011-04-15 Priority to US13/088,321 priority patent/US8536547B2/en
2012-01-10 Application filed by 爱可瑞公司 filed Critical 爱可瑞公司
2016-08-03 Publication of CN105816195A publication Critical patent/CN105816195A/en
The invention describes a radiation treatment device and a method for performing an image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) on a body part of a patient. The radiation treatment device includes a ring gantry having a central opening; a radiation treatment head coupled to the ring gantry that is rotatable around the central opening in at least a 180 degree arc; and a gantry translation mechanism configured to translate the ring gantry in a direction of a longitudinal axis extending through the central opening.
放射治疗装置及针对患者身体部分进行IGRT的方法 Radiotherapy IGRT device and method for the patient's body part
[00011 本申请是申请日为2012年01月10日、申请号为201280010985.5、发明名称为"带有环形台架的放射治疗递送系统"的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。 [00011 application was filed on January 10, 2012, Application No. 201280010985.5, entitled "Radiation therapy delivery system with a circular bench," the divisional application Chinese invention patent applications.
[0003] 本申请要求2011年1月20日提交的美国临时申请号61/434,824以及均2011年4月15日提交的美国申请号13/088，289和号13/088，321的权益，上述所有申请出于所有目的以引用方式并入本文。 [0003] This application claims the 61 / 434,824 and equity 13 / 088,289 and 13 / 088,321 are April 15, 2011 filed US Application No. US Provisional Application No. 20 January 2011 submitted by the All applications for all purposes incorporated herein by reference. 本专利说明书的主题涉及以下共同转让的申请的主题:2011年2月23日提交的美国申请号13/033,571; 2011年2月23日提交的美国申请号13/033,584; 2011年2月23日提交的国际申请号PCT/US11/25936; 2010年6月8日提交的美国临时申请号61/352， 637;2010年8月8日提交的美国临时申请号61/371，732;以及2010年8月8日提交的美国临时申请号61/371,733。 The subject of the patent specification relates to the application of the following commonly assigned theme: The United States February 23, 2011 filed Application No. 13 / 033,571; February 23, 2011 filed US Application No. 13 / 033,584; February 23, 2011 international application No. PCT submitted / US11 / 25936; US provisional application No. 8 June 2010 submitted 61/352, 637; US provisional application No. 8 August 2010, filed 61 / 371,732; and in 2010 US provisional application No. filed August 8 61 / 371,733. 上文引用的专利申请全部以引用方式并入本文。 All patent applications cited above are incorporated herein by reference.
[0004] 本专利说明书涉及使用放射以便用于医疗目的。 [0004] This patent specification relates to the use of radiation to be used for medical purposes. 更为具体地说，本专利说明书涉及放射治疗系统。 More specifically, this patent specification relates to a radiotherapy system.
[0005] 如肿瘤和病变等病理解剖体可以通过侵入性操作(如外科手术)来治疗，对于病人而言，这种侵入性操作可能有害并且充满风险。 [0005] The tumors and other lesions of pathological anatomy can be treated by invasive procedures (such as surgery), for the patient, invasive procedures that may be harmful and full of risks. 一种用以治疗病理解剖体(例如，肿瘤、病变、血管畸形、神经病症等等）的非侵入性方法是外部线束放射治疗，这种外部线束放射治疗通常使用如线性加速器(LINAC)等治疗放射源来生成如X射线等放射线束。 For the non-invasive method of treating a pathological anatomy (e.g., tumor, lesion, vascular malformation, nerve disorder, etc.) is external beam radiation therapy, external beam radiation therapy which is generally used as a linear accelerator (of the LINAC) therapy The radiation source generates radiation such as X-ray beam. 在外部线束放射治疗的一种类型中，外部放射源会从多个共面角度来将一系列X射线线束定向到肿瘤部位，此时患者被定位成使得肿瘤位于线束旋转中心(等中心）。 In one type of external beam radiation therapy, an external radiation source may be a series of X-rays from a plurality of coplanar orientation of the wire harness angles to the tumor site, then the patient is positioned such that the tumor is located in the center of rotation of the wire harness (isocenter). 随着治疗放射源角度改变，因此，每个线束均会通过所述肿瘤部位，但在其往返于肿瘤途中穿过健康组织的不同区域。 With the treatment radiation source to change the angle, and therefore, each will harness through the tumor site, but passes through the middle thereof and from different regions of the tumor healthy tissue. 因此，肿瘤处的累积放射剂量确实较高，并且健康组织处的累积放射剂量相对较低。 Thus, the cumulative radiation dose at the tumor really high and relatively low cumulative radiation dose at the health organization.
[0006] 术语"放射外科手术"是指一种过程，其中放射是在较少治疗疗程或分次中以足以致死病理的剂量而被应用于目标区域，而非是在大量分次中通过每个分次递送较少剂量而被应用。 [0006] The term "radiosurgery" refers to a process in which radiation therapy treatment is less or divided doses to be lethal pathological applied sufficient target area is not divided by each of the large number of sub-delivery times less dose is applied. 区别于放射治疗，放射外科手术通常特征在于，每个分次放射剂量相对较高(例如， 500-2000厘戈瑞）、每个分次治疗时间延长(例如，每次治疗30-60分钟）以及分次较少（例如，一至五个分次或治疗日）。 Different from the radiation therapy, radiosurgery generally characterized in that each fractionated radiation dose is relatively high (e.g., 500-2000 centigrays), each of the fractionated therapy prolonged (e.g., 30 to 60 minutes per treatment) graded and less (e.g., one to five or fractionated treatment day). 放射治疗通常特征在于，每个分次剂量较低(例如，100-200厘戈瑞）、分次时间较短(例如，每次治疗10至30分钟）以及分次较多(例如，30至45个分次）。 Radiation therapy is often characterized in that each of the lower divided doses (e.g., 100-200 centigrays), divided shorter (e.g., 10 to 30 minutes per treatment) and fractionated more (e.g., 30 to 45 several times). 为了方便起见，除非另外指出，否则本文所用术语"放射治疗"均指放射外科手术和/或放射治疗。 For convenience, unless otherwise indicated, as used herein, the term "radiation therapy" refers to both radiosurgery and / or radiotherapy.
[0007] 图像引导放射治疗（IGRT)系统包括基于台架的系统和基于机器人臂的系统。 [0007] The image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) systems include systems based on gantry robot arm based systems. 在基于台架的系统中，台架使治疗放射源围绕穿过等中心的轴旋转。 In the system based on the gantry, the gantry so that the treatment radiation source to rotate about the axis passing through the isocenter. 基于台架的系统包括C形臂台架，其中治疗放射源是以类似悬臂方式而被安装在穿过等中心的轴之上并且围绕所述轴旋转。 The system includes a gantry-based C-arm gantry, wherein the treatment radiation source is a cantilever-like manner is mounted on the center shaft and the like through rotation about the shaft. 基于台架的系统进一步包括总体上具有圆环形状的环形台架，其中患者身体延伸穿过圈环/圆环，并且治疗放射源被安装在圈环圆周上并围绕穿过等中心的轴旋转。 Gantry based system further comprises a circular ring shape having a generally annular gantry, which extends through the body of the patient rings / rings, and the therapeutic radiation source is mounted on a ring circumferentially about the axis of rotation and passing through the isocenter . 传统台架系统（圈环或C形臂)在放射源的旋转轨迹所界定的单个平面（即，共面）中递送治疗放射。 Conventional gantry system (C-arm or rings) in a single plane defined by the radiation source rotation locus (i.e., coplanar with) the delivery of treatment radiation. C 形臂系统的实例是由德国西门子公司和加利福尼亚州瓦里安医疗系统公司制造。 Examples of C-arm system is manufactured by the German company Siemens and Varian Medical Systems, Inc. in California. 在基于机器人臂的系统中，治疗放射源被安装在关节连接的机器人臂上，所述机器人臂越过并且围绕患者延伸，所述机器人臂被构造成提供至少五个自由度。 In the system based on the robot arm, the therapeutic radiation source is mounted articulated robot arm, the robot arm and extends beyond the patient around the robot arm being configured to provide at least five degrees of freedom. 基于机器人臂的系统提供从多个平面外方向递送治疗放射的能力，即，能够进行非共面递送。 Providing the ability to deliver a plurality of outer planar direction based radiation treatment system of the robot arm, i.e., possible non-coplanar delivery. 加利福尼亚州Accuray公司制造出一种系统，其中放射源被安装在机器人臂上以供放射线束的非共面递送。 Accuray, Inc. of California a kind of system in which the radiation source is mounted on a robot arm to provide non-coplanar radiation beam delivery.
[0008] 关联每个放射治疗系统的是成像系统，所述成像系统提供治疗中图像，用以摆位并且(在一些实施例中）引导放射递送操作而且追踪治疗中的靶运动。 [0008] associated with each radiation treatment system is an imaging system, the imaging system provides an image treatment, and for placement (in some embodiments) and the guide radiation delivery operation of tracking movement of the target treatment. 入口成像系统将检测器放置成与治疗源相对以对患者进行成像，从而获得摆位(setup)图像和治疗中图像，然而其它方法利用一个或多个不同的、独立的图像放射源和一个或多个检测器来获得摆位图像和治疗中图像。 The imaging system inlet to the detector is placed opposite to a patient for imaging and treatment sources, thereby obtaining a swing position (Setup) in the image and the treatment, although other methods using one or more different, individual images or a radioactive source and to obtain a plurality of detectors and image placement image of the treatment. 治疗期间，通过将治疗中图像与治疗前图像信息进行比较，即可完成靶或靶体积追踪。 During treatment, prior to the image by comparing the image information and therapeutic treatment, to complete the target volume or target track. 例如，治疗前图像信息可以包括计算机断层摄影(CT)数据、圆锥形线束CT数据、 磁共振成像(MRI)数据、正电子发射断层摄影(PET)数据或3D旋转血管造影(3DRA)数据，以及从这些成像模态获得的任何信息(例如但不限于数字重建射线照片或DRR)。 For example, pre-treatment image information may include a computer tomography (CT) data, a cone beam CT data, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, positron emission tomography (PET) data or 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) data, and information obtained from any of these imaging modalities (e.g., but not limited to, digitally reconstructed radiographs or DRR).
[0009] 在一个常见情景中，治疗源是产生治疗放射的线性加速器(LINAC)(可被称作"MV 源"）并且成像系统包括产生密度相对低的能量成像放射的一个或多个独立X射线成像源(其各自可被称作"kV源"）。 [0009] In one common scenario, the treatment source is a linear accelerator treatment radiation (of the LINAC) (may be referred to as "MV source") and the imaging system comprises one or more relatively low energy density of the generated radiation imaging independent X ray imaging source (each of which may be referred to as "kV source"). 治疗中图像可以包括以一个或多个不同视角获得的一个或多个(优选两个)二维图像(典型地是X射线）（例如，立体X射线图像），并且可与从三维治疗前图像信息获得的二维DRR进行比较。 Treatment may include an image of one or more (preferably two) two-dimensional image (typically an X-ray) (e.g., stereoscopic X-ray images), one or more different viewing angles and may be obtained from a three-dimensional image with the previous treatment DRR two-dimensional information obtained for comparison. DRR是通过以下方式生成的合成X射线图像:通过3D成像数据投射假想X射线，其中所述假想X射线的方向和取向模拟治疗中的X射线成像系统的几何形状。 DRR is generated by the X-ray image synthesized in the following manner: X-ray is projected through the virtual 3D imaging data, wherein the geometry of the X-ray imaging system in the direction of the X-ray virtual simulation and alignment treatment. 所得DRR则会具有近似与治疗中的X射线成像系统相同的比例和视角，并且可与治疗中的X射线图像进行比较以便确定靶的定位和取向，从而随后用来引导放射到所述靶的递送。 The resulting DRR will have approximately the treatment of X-ray imaging system of the same scale and viewing angle, and can be compared to determine the location and orientation of the target with the X-ray image treatment, whereby subsequently for guiding radiation to the target deliver.
[0010] 在放射治疗中存在两个总体目标：（i)将高度适形的剂量分布递送到靶体积；以及 [0010] There are two general objectives radiotherapy: (i) the height of the conformal dose distribution delivered to the target volume; and
[11] 在每个治疗分次整个过程中以高准确性递送治疗线束。 [11] In each of the treatment fractions with high accuracy throughout the process of delivering a therapeutic harness. 第三目标在于针对每个分次以尽可能少的时间完成两个总体目标。 The third goal is to complete as little time as two overall goals for each graded. 递送更适形的剂量分布要求(例如)递送非共面线束的能力。 Delivered dose distribution is more conformal requirements (e.g.) the ability to deliver non-coplanar harness. 准确递送治疗线束要求追踪靶体积分次内的位置的能力。 Accurate delivery of therapeutic harness requires the ability to target locations within the body of integrations track. 增加递送速度的能力要求准确、精确并且快速移动放射源而不碰撞室内其它物体或患者或不违背管理机构速度限制的能力。 Increasing transfer speed capability requires accurate, precise and rapid movement of the radiation source without colliding patient or other object or capacity of the indoor authority without departing speed limit.
[0011] 关于已知放射治疗系统，已经产生一个或多个问题，这些问题至少部分通过在下文中进一步描述的一个或多个优选实施方案进行解决。 [0011] The radiation treatment system of known, has produced one or more problems, which at least partially be resolved by one or more preferred embodiments described further below. 总体来说，这些问题是由已知放射治疗系统中的机械稳定性与系统多用性之间的紧张关系所致，这种紧张关系在放射治疗的所希望的用途从仅仅头部应用扩展到整个身体、例如(但不限于)肺、肝以及前列腺时变得更为突出。 In general, these problems are caused by a multi-system known mechanical stability of the radiation therapy system with tension between the properties, such as tension in the use of radiation therapy desired extend only from the head to the entire the body, for example, become more prominent when the lung, liver and prostate (but not limited to). 比起基于C形臂台架的系统，基于机器人臂的系统倾向于针对不同身体部分允许更大范围的放射线束角度，尤其是在希望患者躺椅在放射治疗疗程期间保持不动的情况下。 Compared to, the system based on the robot arm of the radiation beam angle tends to allow for a greater range of different body parts, particularly in recliner desired patient remains immobile during a course of radiation treatment based on C-arm gantry system. 因此，比起基于C形臂和环形台架的系统，基于机器人臂的系统总体倾向于允许在可供患者使用的治疗计划种类中实现更多用性。 So, instead of the C-arm and ring gantry-based system, based on the system of the robot arm to achieve overall tend to allow more use of the available patient's treatment plan category. 另外，就可以重达数百千克的大多数治疗放射源的特有性质而言，基于将治疗放射源安装在C形臂台架的系统经受底座结构的不希望的治疗中的变形，这种变形难以建模或预测并且会因无法精确并且准确标识线束在三维空间中所指位置而致线束递送错误和/或治疗计划余量增加。 Moreover, in terms of characteristic properties can weigh several hundred kilograms of most therapeutic radiation source, the radiation source is mounted on the therapeutic treatment of undesired C-arm gantry system in the base structure is subjected to deformations difficult to model or predict and may not be accurately and precisely identify due to the wiring harness in three-dimensional space referred to harness the delivery position caused the error and / or increases in treatment planning margin.
[0012]另一方面，基于环形台架的系统倾向于呈现相对高的稳定性，即，基于C形臂台架的系统所呈现的变形问题较少，并且因此能够可重复地并且准确定位放射源，包括以相对高的机械驱动速度进行定位。 [0012] On the other hand, on an annular gantry systems tend to exhibit relatively high stability, i.e., less deformation of the C-arm gantry based system presented, and thus can be accurately and reproducibly positioned radially source, including a relatively high driving speed mechanical positioning. 然而，如上所述，比起机器人臂系统，基于台架的系统(例如，C 形臂台架)倾向于提供更小范围的可达角度来将治疗放射引入不同身体部分之中，并且因此提供更窄放射治疗选项阵列。 However, as described above, compared with the robot arm system, the gantry system (e.g., C-arm gantry) based up a smaller angle tends to provide a range of therapeutic radiation to introduction into the different body parts, and therefore provides narrower array of radiation therapy options.
[0013] X射线断层摄影合成是指以下过程:使用以对应多个不同角度入射在靶体积上的X 射线获得所述靶体积的多个二维X射线投影图像，接着针对所述二维X射线投影图像进行数学处理以便产生表示所述靶体积的一个或多个对应切片的一个或多个断层摄影合成重构图像的集，其中X射线投影图像数量少于CT图像重构将会要求的集中的数量，和/或入射放射角度的数量或范围小于CT成像操作中将会使用的数量。 [0013] X-ray tomosynthesis refers to the following procedure: using a plurality of corresponding X-ray incident at different angles on the target of obtaining the target volume of the plurality of two-dimensional X-ray projection image volume, then for the two-dimensional X ray projection images represented mathematically processed to produce a set of one or more synthetic target reconstructed tomographic images corresponding to one or more of the volume slices, wherein the number of X-ray projection images reconstructed CT image would require less than the set number, amount or range and / or angle of the incident radiation is less than the number of CT imaging operation will be used. 通常，生成多个断层摄影合成重构图像，其中每个图像表示靶体积的不同切片，并且因此断层摄影合成重构图像的集有时称作断层摄影合成体积。 Typically, to generate a plurality of reconstructed tomosynthesis images, wherein each image representing a different slice of the target volume, and thus the reconstructed tomographic image set, sometimes referred synthesized tomosynthesis volume. 本文所用术语断层摄影合成投影图像是指在断层摄影合成成像过程期间获得的其中一个二维X射线投影图像。 As used herein, the term & tomosynthesis projection images is one in which a two-dimensional X-ray projection images during tomosynthesis imaging process obtained.
[0014] 出于上述术语目的，对于一些优选实施方案，CT图像重构所要求的图像的集被认为是包括在一定的入射角度范围上生成的图像(例如，300或更多），所述入射角度即为180 度加上扇形线束角度。 [0014] For the purposes of the above terms, for some preferred embodiments, the CT image reconstruction image set required is considered to include an image (e.g., 300 or more) generated in a certain range of angles of incidence, the is the incident angle of 180 degrees plus the fan angle of the wire harness. 对于一些优选实施方案，用于重构断层摄影合成图像的X射线投影图像是在介于1度与小于用于CT成像的完整投影集合所需要的角度范围值的角度范围值(例如，180度加上扇形角度)之间的角度范围上获得，其中在此范围中生成的投影图像数量是介于2与1000之间的值。 For some preferred embodiments, X-ray projection images for tomosynthesis reconstruction image is a value in the angular range of the angle range value between 1 degree and less than a full projection set for CT imaging of the desired (e.g., 180 degrees angular range between plus the fan angle) is obtained, the number of projection images which is generated in this range is a value between 2 and 1000. 在其它优选实施方案中，重构断层摄影合成图像的X射线投影图像是在介于5度与45度之间的角度范围上获得，其中在此范围中生成的投影图像数量介于5与100之间。 In other preferred embodiments, X-ray projection images reconstructed tomosynthesis images is obtained in an angular range of between 5 and 45 degrees between the upper, wherein the number of projection images generated in this range is between 5 and 100 between.
[0015] 已经提出将X射线断层摄影合成作为治疗中的kV成像模态以与放射治疗系统结合使用。 [0015] X-ray have been proposed as a treatment for tomosynthesis imaging modalities in kV in combination with the radiation therapy system. 在US7532705B2中，提出处理三维治疗前图像信息（例如，计划CT图像体积），以便通过以下方式生成位于患者体内或身上的靶的数字断层摄影合成(DTS)参考图像数据，如通过计划CT图像体积模拟X射线圆锥形线束投影。 In US7532705B2, proposes processing the three-dimensional pre-treatment image information (e.g., planning CT image volume), to generate a located digital tomosynthesis target patient or body (DTS) reference image data in the following manner, such as by the planning CT image volume X-ray projection simulation conical harness. 随后，针对治疗床上的患者，通过以不同角度获得多个X射线圆锥形线束图像生成DTS验证图像。 Subsequently, the treatment for a patient bed, the verification image by a plurality of X-ray image generating DTS conical harness obtained at different angles. 然后，通过比较DTS参考图像数据和DTS 验证图像数据中的如骨骼结构、软组织解剖体、植入靶以及皮肤轮廓等标志执行靶取位。 Then, by comparing the reference image data DTS and DTS verification image data structure such as bone, soft tissue anatomy, implants and skin contours of a target and other targets execution flag to take place. 在US7711087B2中，提出在治疗疗程期间获得断层摄影合成图像数据。 In US7711087B2, there is proposed a tomosynthesis image data obtained during a treatment session. 出于在治疗疗程期间进行移动追踪目的，断层摄影合成重构切片结合搜索最为匹配所选参考CT切片的断层摄影合成重构图像过程中的参考CT数据直接进行处理。 For moving object tracking during the course of therapy, a tomosynthesis reconstruction slice CT binding search reference data that most closely matches the selected reference tomosynthesis slice CT images reconstructed directly during processing. 产生最大匹配程度的具体断层摄影合成重构图像的标识与断层摄影合成重构图像所要求的用来实现峰值匹配的空间偏移的量一起用于在三维空间中对靶进行取位。 Identifying image reconstructed tomosynthesis maximum degree of matching specific tomographic image is reconstructed tomosynthesis used to achieve the desired amount of peak spatial offset for matching with the target was to take place in three dimensions. 共同转让的US6778850(以引用方式并入本文)还披露了使用X射线断层摄影合成图像(更为具体地说，使用靶区域的清晰度相对要低的治疗中的3D 图像，所述治疗中的3D图像是由以不同角度获得的多个2D诊断图像合成)作为治疗中的kV 成像模态。 Commonly assigned US6778850 (incorporated herein by reference) also discloses the use of an X-ray tomographic image is synthesized (more specifically, a target region of relatively low resolution 3D image of the treatment, the treatment of 3D image is synthesized by a plurality of 2D diagnostic images obtained at different angles) as a treatment modality imaging kV.
[0016] 还提出将圆锥形CT (CBCT)作为与放射治疗系统结合使用的治疗中的成像模态，在一些情况下作为kV成像模态，并且在其它情况下作为MV(入口）成像模态。 [0016] The conical shape is also proposed CT (CBCT) as used in conjunction with radiation therapy treatment system of an imaging modality, in some cases as an imaging modality kV, and as MV (inlet) imaging modality in other cases . 然而，常规CT成像通过靶体积从ID投影重构2D切片，随后堆叠所述2D切片以便形成3D体积图像，CBCT成像从靶体积的2D投影直接重构3D体积图像。 However, conventional CT image reconstructed by the projection target volume ID from the 2D slices, and then stacking the 2D slices in order to form a 3D volume image, the CBCT 3D imaging volume reconstructed directly from the 2D projection images of the target volume. 如现有技术中已知，CBCT提供通过单个台架旋转(更为确切地说，旋转至少180度加上扇形线束角度)形成3D图像体积的能力，然而常规CT要求每个切片旋转一次(对于单排检测器而言)或每个切片旋转1/M次(对于具有Μ排的较新准线性多排检测器而言hCBCT还提供了更加各项同性的空间分辨率，然而常规CT在切片厚度的纵向方向上限制空间分辨率。不过，由于常规CT系统通常在其线性或准线性排检测器附近提供的准直程度基本上高于CBCT系统在其二维检测器附近所能提供的准直程度，因此比起常规CT系统，散射的噪声和伪像对于CBCT系统而言更成问题。 As is known in the prior art, the ability to provide the CBCT 3D image volume is formed by a single gantry rotation (more specifically, rotated at least 180 degrees plus the fan angle of the harness), but conventional CT slice rotates once per claim (for for single-row detector) rotating the or each slice 1 / M times (for a row of the newer Μ quasi-linear in terms of multi-row detector hCBCT also provides a more isotropic spatial resolution, however, in conventional CT slice limiting the spatial resolution in the longitudinal direction of the thickness. However, since the degree of collimation of conventional CT systems typically in the vicinity of the discharge linear or quasi-linear detectors provide substantially higher than the CBCT system can provide in the vicinity of a quasi-two-dimensional detector linear extent, so compared to conventional CT system, noise and scattering artifacts for CBCT system is more problematic.
[0017] 在US7471765B2中，提出使用一种CBCT成像系统，其包括kV X射线管和安装在LINAC台架上的平板成像检测器，以使得kV放射近似是与来自LINAC的MV治疗放射正交。 [0017] In US7471765B2 proposes the use of a CBCT imaging system, comprising kV X-ray tube and flat panel mounted LINAC gantry imaging detector, such that radiation kV is approximately orthogonal to the radiation from the LINAC MV treatment. 治疗之前，治疗计划获得CBCT计划图像。 Prior to treatment, the treatment plan was planned CBCT image. 随后，每个治疗分次之前，获得CBCT图像，并且与CBCT 治疗前的计划图像进行比较，并且使用比较结果来对治疗分次的治疗计划进行修改以补偿级分之间摆位误差和/或级分之间器官运动。 Then, prior to each treatment fraction, CBCT image is obtained, and compared with CBCT image before treatment plan, and use the comparison to modify the treatment plan to the treatment fractions between fractions setup error compensation and / or organ movement between fractions. 由于可允许的台架旋转速度限制（例如，每一分钟旋转一次)导致CBCT获得时间比起患者呼吸(或其它生理周期)来说减慢，因此，在CBCT 获取期间使用与患者呼吸（或其它生理周期）同步的选通方案来在重构图像中减小器官运动的不利影响。 Since the gantry allowable rotational speed limit (e.g., rotates once per minute) results in acquisition time compared to CBCT patient breathing (or other physiological cycle) is slowed down, thus obtaining the patient breathing during use in CBCT (or other menstrual cycle) gating synchronization scheme to reduce the adverse effects of organ motion in the reconstructed image. 另外，由于相对低的CBCT获取时间，因此CBCT体积数据一般仅仅对于在每个治疗分次之前的患者准备而言有用，并且对于分次内运动校准而言无用。 Further, due to the relatively low CBCT acquisition time thus CBCT volume data generally only for the treatment of each patient prior to the preparation fractionated in terms of useful and useless for the purposes of the calibration movement fractionated.
[0018] 如场发射"冷阴极"x射线源阵列等X射线源阵列表示出医疗成像中的良好进展并且在若干方面提供超过常规X射线管源的潜在优势。 [0018] The field emission "cold cathode" x-ray source X-ray source arrays and other arrays shown good progress in medical imaging and provides potential advantages over conventional X-ray tube source in several respects. 常规X射线管通常包括钨、钽或铼阴极， 所述阴极被加热至约2000°C以致电子被热离子地发射出来，自由电子随后通过如120kV等较高电势朝着阳极加速。 Conventional X-ray tubes typically include tungsten, tantalum, or rhenium cathode, the cathode is heated to about 2000 ° C so that the thermionic electrons are emitted out, followed by the free electrons and the like, such as the higher potential 120kV accelerated toward the anode. 可用于成像的X射线放射是在热离子地生成的电子撞击阳极时形成，阳极通常是由钨、钼或铜支撑，位于X射线管的焦点处，这种碰撞致使X射线光子发射。 X-ray radiation can be used for imaging is formed when generating thermionic electrons strike the anode, which is usually made of tungsten, molybdenum, copper, or support, is in focus X-ray tube, such a collision causes the emission of X-ray photons. 然而以往作为在医疗成像环境中提供成像X射线放射的唯一可行并且具有成本效益的方式， 常规X射线管源可以使得以下方面实现设计折衷：它们的相对大的尺寸和重量、高操作温度、高动力消耗、相对适度的时间分辨率(例如，接通/断开切换时间）以及它们在微型化成或形成紧密地隔开的阵列方面的最小顺从性。 However, conventionally provided as an imaging X-ray radiation in the medical imaging environment only viable and cost effective way, conventional X-ray tube source may be such that the realization of design tradeoff: their relatively large size and weight, high operating temperatures, high power consumption, a relatively moderate resolution time (e.g., oN / OFF switching time) and their minimum compliance in terms of micro-array or is formed into a closely spaced.
[0019] 作为其中通过热离子发射生成自由电子的常规X射线管技术的替代方案，替代技术已被引入，其中自由电子是通过场发射生成的。 [0019] As one alternative to thermionic emission by conventional X-ray tube technology for generating free electrons, alternative technologies have been introduced, wherein free electrons are generated by the field emission. 在场发射源中，自由电子在电压被应用到具有高发射密度的材料(如某些碳纳米管(CNT)材料)上时发射。 Field emission source, the free electrons are applied to a voltage having a high emission density of the material (such as certain carbon nanotube (CNT) material) is emitted. 由于电子的场发射是通过高电场生成，因此无需加热。 Since the field emission of electrons generated by a high electric field, and therefore without heating. 因此，场发射源通常被称作冷阴极源。 Thus, the field emission source is generally referred to as a cold cathode source. 有利地，由此类材料发射的电子线束可以具有低发散性，并且因此使得容易聚焦到焦点上。 Advantageously, electronic wiring harness emitted from such materials may have low divergence and thus making it easy to focus on a focal point. 此外，源的几乎瞬时响应提供甚至可以在纳秒量级上的时间选通能力。 In addition, almost instantaneous response of the source offers time gating capabilities even in a nanosecond. 由于它们可被制造得极其小，因此场发射X射线源非常适于形成阵列。 Because they can be made extremely small, so the X-ray field emission source is adapted to form an array. 根据US07505562B2(以引用方式并入本文），可以使用本领域的现有技术内的技术设想每米具有1000像素（即，每米1000个单独X射线源）的、带有近似10MHz 的脉冲重复率的设备。 The US07505562B2 (incorporated by reference herein), the prior art techniques in the art may be used in the contemplated having 1000 pixels per meter (i.e. 1000 per meter individual X-ray source), with a pulse repetition rate of approximately 10MHz device of.
[0020] 本文所用术语X射线源阵列是指X射线的源，所述X射线的源包括多个空间上不同的、电子上活性的X射线发射器或发射点（焦点），所述X射线发射器或发射点可以在单独或成组方式中的至少一者的基础上进行寻址。 [0020] The term X-ray source array as used herein refers to an X-ray source, the X-ray source comprises a plurality of spatially different, active X-ray emitter or transmitter point (focus) electrons on the X-ray transmitter or transmitter points can be addressed at least on the basis of one of the embodiment individually or in groups. 尽管适于与一个或多个优选实施方案一起使用的多数X射线源阵列通常将是场发射"冷阴极"类型，但本教导的范围不限于此。 Although the majority of X-ray source is adapted for use with an array of one or more preferred embodiments of the field emission will generally be "cold cathode" type, but the scope of the present teachings are not limited thereto. 例如，可能适于与一个或多个优选实施方案一起使用的其它类型的X射线阵列包括扫描束线阵列X射线源，其中电子线束数字扫描整个钨传输靶，每秒扫描三十次，之后产生一万单独经过准直的X射线线束，如加利福尼亚州纽瓦克市Triple Ring Technologies有限公司报告指出。 For example, it may be adapted to other types of X-rays for use with an array of one or more preferred embodiments of the scanning beam antenna array comprises an X-ray source, wherein the scanning the entire digital electronic wiring harness transmit tungsten target, thirty times per second scan, after generating ten thousand separate collimated X-ray harness, such as California Newark Triple Ring Technologies Co., the report said.
[0021]已经提出将X射线源阵列用于关联放射治疗系统的kV成像系统，如US20090296886A1中所述。 [0021] The imaging system has been proposed kV X-ray source associated with the array for a radiation therapy system, as described in US20090296886A1. 然而，人们认为，需要在X射线源阵列到IGRT系统的集成的构造、 操作和/或方式方面的实质进展（如本文中的一个或多个优选实施方案所提供的那些进展），以便实现临床实用性、有效性以及市场接受性。 However, it is believed to require substantial progress in the array (such as those described herein, a progression or more preferred embodiments provided by the program) integrated IGRT system configuration, operation and / or the modalities of the X-ray source, in order to achieve clinical practicality, effectiveness, and market acceptance. 应了解，尽管在IGRT系统的上下文中由其有利，但一个或多个优选实施方案还可以应用于在图像引导放射治疗范围外的各种各样的其它医疗成像应用。 It should be appreciated, although in the context of its advantageous IGRT system, but one or more preferred embodiments also may be applied to a variety of other applications in medical imaging IGRT outside the range.
[0022] 一般来说，关于已知医疗成像和/或放射治疗系统，已经产生一个或多个问题，这些问题至少部分通过在下文中进一步描述的一个或多个优选实施方案进行解决。 [0022] In general, of known medical imaging and / or radiation treatment system, one or more problems have been generated, at least partially resolve these problems through one or more preferred embodiments described further below. 例如，影响患者舒适性的一个问题是IGRT系统的物理构造是否要向患者提供"隧道样的"感觉，这种感觉可能带来所不希望的幽闭恐惧症感觉。 For example, a problem affecting patient comfort is whether the physical structure of the system of IGRT To provide patients with "tunnel-like" feel, this feeling may bring undesirable claustrophobic feeling. 如另一实施例，将会希望提供一种IGRT系统，其中并不要求在（i)治疗前成像过程和/或摆位成像过程与（ii)包括治疗中的成像的治疗递送过程的时间之间移动患者，这不仅是为了促进方便性和患者舒适性，还是为了增加对应图像集合之间的空间配准的精确性，以便允许实现更精确的放射治疗递送。 As another example, the system will provide a desired IGRT, which does not require (i) pre-treatment imaging procedure and / or the placement of the imaging process (ii) comprises treating time imaging during delivery of the treatment of between patient movement, not only to promote the convenience and comfort of patients, or to increase the space between the set of corresponding image registration accuracy, in order to allow more accurate radiotherapy delivery.
[0023] 如又一实施例，在US07188999B2(以引用方式并入本文）中提出一种放射治疗装置，其中LINAC是由弧形导轨支撑并且可以沿着所述弧形导轨周向移动，所述弧形导轨可相对于纵轴倾斜，患者沿着所述纵轴定位。 [0023] As a further embodiment, the US07188999B2 (herein incorporated by reference) proposes a radiotherapy apparatus, wherein the LINAC is arcuate rail support and may be moved along the circumference of the arcuate guide, the arcuate guide is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis, the patient is positioned along the longitudinal axis. 通过使得弧形导轨以致动方式倾斜并且使得LINAC 沿着所述弧形导轨以致动方式周向平移，由此，至少在理论上可以沿着中心在等中心处的虚设半球来将LINAC基本上定位在任何位置。 By so moving the arcuate guide so that the inclined and shifted along the circumferential LINAC arcuate guide actuate manner, whereby at least the LINAC may be positioned substantially at the center along the dummy hemisphere theoretically isocenter at any position. 然而，出现的至少一个困难在于，LINAC可能潜在会与患者皮肤表面碰撞或几乎碰撞，在弧形导轨相对于纵轴偏离法线倾斜。 However, a difficulty is present in at least, the potential of the LINAC may collide with the skin surface of the patient or near collision, away from normal to the longitudinal axis is inclined in an arcuate guide rail. 尽管US07188999B2讨论了可以至少部分解决这个问题的一个建议，这个建议是将包括整个弧形导轨在内的整个台架结构致动式升高到治疗室地板上方的不同高度，此类建议被认为会带来能够通过在下文中进一步描述的一个或多个优选实施方案避免的一个或多个不利后果， 和/或经受在下文中进一步描述的一个或多个优选实施方案并不经受的一个或多个缺点。 Although US07188999B2 discussed a suggestion may be at least partially solve the problem of this proposal is to include the entire curved rails, including the entire gantry structure actuated raised to different heights above the floor of the treatment room, such recommendations will be considered can be avoided by bringing one or more preferred embodiments described further below of one or more adverse consequences, and / or subjected to one or more of the disadvantages of one or more preferred embodiments described further below are not subjected to . 就本教导而言，如本领域中的技术人员将会清楚，还会产生其它问题。 For the purposes of this teachings, as those skilled in the art will understand, there will be other problems.
[0024] 根据一个优选实施方案，提供的是一种放射治疗装置，其包括:环形台架，其具有中心开口；以及被连接到所述环形台架的放射治疗头。 [0024] According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided a radiotherapy device, comprising: an annular gantry having a central opening; and connected to the annular head gantry radiation therapy. 所述放射治疗头可以围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度。 Opening the radiotherapy head may be rotated at least 180 degree arc about the center. 所述放射治疗装置进一步包括台架平移机构，所述台架平移机构被构造成在延伸穿过所述中心开口的纵轴的方向上平移所述环形台架。 The radiotherapy apparatus further comprises a stage translation mechanism, the stage translation mechanism is configured to extend in the longitudinal direction through the central opening of the annular gantry translation.
[0025] 还提供了一种用于针对患者身体部分进行图像引导放射治疗（IGRT)的方法，所述方法包括沿着IGRT装置的纵轴定位所述患者，所述IGRT装置具有带有中心开口的环形台架，所述纵轴延伸穿过所述中心开口，所述IGRT装置进一步包括放射治疗头，所述放射治疗头被连接到所述环形台架并且可以围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度，所述IGRT装置进一步包括台架平移机构，所述台架平移机构被构造成在所述纵轴的方向上平移所述环形台架。 [0025] further provided a method for performing an image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) for a body part of a patient, said method comprising the IGRT device having a center along the longitudinal axis with the patient positioning device opening IGRT an annular gantry, said longitudinal axis extending through said central opening, said apparatus further comprising a radiotherapy IGRT head, the radiation treatment head is connected to the annular gantry about said central opening and can be rotated at least 180 degree arc, the apparatus further comprising IGRT stage translation mechanism, the stage translation mechanism configured to translate the gantry ring in the direction of the longitudinal axis. 所述IGRT装置在治疗分次期间经过操作以便将非共面放射治疗应用到所述身体部分，其中所述放射治疗头围绕所述中心开口被旋转到多个不同台架角度，并且其中所述环形台架沿着所述纵轴被平移到不同纵向位置。 IGRT device during the treatment fractions through the operation to the non-coplanar radiation treatment is applied to the body portion, wherein the radiotherapy head opening is rotated to a plurality of different gantry angles around the center, and wherein said an annular gantry is translated to a different longitudinal position along the longitudinal axis.
[0026] 还提供了一种放射治疗装置，其包括环形台架，所述环形台架具有中心开口，所述中心开口大到足以容纳患者身体，所述患者身体沿着纵轴定位并且延伸穿过所述中心开口，并且所述放射治疗装置进一步包括台架倾斜机构，所述台架倾斜机构被构造成使得所述环形台架相对于所述纵轴倾斜成多个不同倾斜角度。 [0026] further provided a radiotherapy device, comprising an annular gantry, the gantry ring having a central opening, said central opening large enough to accommodate a patient's body, the patient's body and positioned along the longitudinal axis extending through through the central opening, and said apparatus further comprises radiation treatment gantry tilt mechanism, the tilt mechanism stage is configured such that the annular frame with respect to the longitudinal axis inclined into a plurality of different angles of inclination. 所述装置进一步包括放射治疗头， 所述放射治疗头被连接到所述环形台架并且可以围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度。 The apparatus further comprises a first radiation treatment, the radiation treatment head is connected to the annular opening of the gantry and may rotate at least 180 degrees about the center arc. 所述放射治疗头被机械连接到所述环形台架，以使得可以动态控制所述放射治疗头相对于所述环形台架朝着所述中心开口向内延伸的距离。 The radiation therapy head is mechanically connected to the annular gantry, so that the radiation treatment can be dynamically controlled from the head relative to the inwardly extending annular gantry toward the central opening.
[0027] 还提供了一种用于针对患者身体部分进行图像引导放射治疗的方法，所述方法包括沿着IGRT装置的纵轴定位所述患者，所述IGRT装置包括:环形台架，其具有中心开口，所述中心开口大到足以容纳所述患者的所述身体；以及台架倾斜机构，其被构造成使得所述环形台架相对于所述纵轴倾斜成多个不同倾斜角度。 [0027] further provided a method for performing image guided radiation therapy for the patient's body part, the method comprising positioning IGRT device along a longitudinal axis of the patient, the IGRT device comprising: an annular gantry having central opening, said central opening large enough to accommodate the body of the patient; and gantry tilt mechanism, which is configured such that the annular frame with respect to a plurality of different angles of inclination to the longitudinal axis is inclined. 放射治疗头被连接到所述环形台架并且可以围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度，而且是被机械连接到所述环形台架的，以使得可以动态控制所述放射治疗头相对于所述环形台架朝着所述中心开口向内延伸的距离。 Radiation treatment head is connected to the annular opening of the gantry and may rotate at least 180 degree arc around the center, and is mechanically connected to the annular gantry, so that the radiation can be dynamically controlled relative to the treatment head said annular shelf extending inwardly toward the center distance of the opening. 所述IGRT装置在治疗分次期间经过操作以便将非共面放射治疗应用到所述身体部分，所述操作包括围绕所述中心开口来将所述放射治疗头旋转到多个不同台架角度，所述操作进一步包括使得所述环形台架相对于所述纵轴倾斜成多个不同倾斜角度。 IGRT device during the treatment fractions through the operation to the non-coplanar radiation treatment is applied to the body portion, the operations comprising surrounding said central opening to said plurality of radiation treatment head is rotated to a different gantry angles, the operations further comprising an annular gantry such that the longitudinal axis inclined with respect to the plurality of different angles of inclination.
[0028] 还提供了一种放射治疗装置，其包括环形台架，所述环形台架具有中心开口，所述中心开口大到足以容纳患者身体，所述患者身体沿着纵轴定位并且延伸穿过所述中心开口。 [0028] further provided a radiotherapy device, comprising an annular gantry, the gantry ring having a central opening, said central opening large enough to accommodate a patient's body, the patient's body and positioned along the longitudinal axis extending through through the central opening. 所述装置进一步包括放射治疗头，所述放射治疗头被连接到所述环形台架并且可以围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度。 The apparatus further comprises a first radiation treatment, the radiation treatment head is connected to the annular opening of the gantry and may rotate at least 180 degrees about the center arc. 所述放射治疗头被机械连接到所述环形台架，以使得可以动态控制所述放射治疗头相对于所述环形台架朝着所述中心开口向内延伸的距离。 The radiation therapy head is mechanically connected to the annular gantry, so that the radiation treatment can be dynamically controlled from the head relative to the inwardly extending annular gantry toward the central opening.
[0029] 还提供了一种用于针对患者身体部分进行图像引导放射治疗的方法，所述方法包括沿着IGRT装置的纵轴定位所述患者，所述IGRT装置包括环形台架，所述环形台架具有中心开口，所述中心开口大到足以容纳所述患者的所述身体。 [0029] further provided a method for performing image guided radiation therapy for the patient's body part, the method comprising positioning IGRT device along a longitudinal axis of said patient, said means comprising an annular IGRT stage, the annular stage has a central opening, said central opening large enough to accommodate the body of the patient. 放射治疗头被连接到所述环形台架并且可以围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度，而且所述放射治疗头是被机械连接到所述环形台架的，以使得可以动态控制所述放射治疗头相对于所述环形台架朝着所述中心开口向内延伸的距离。 Radiation treatment head is connected to the annular opening of the gantry and may rotate at least 180 degrees about the center of curvature, and the radiotherapy head is mechanically connected to the annular gantry, so that the radiation can be dynamically controlled the treatment head relative to said annular carrier extending inwardly toward the center from the opening. 所述IGRT装置在治疗分次期间经过操作以便将非共面放射治疗应用到所述身体部分，所述操作包括围绕所述中心开口来将所述放射治疗头旋转到多个不同台架角度，所述操作进一步包括动态控制所述放射治疗头通过所述多个台架角度向内延伸的所述距离。 IGRT device during the treatment fractions through the operation to the non-coplanar radiation treatment is applied to the body portion, the operations comprising surrounding said central opening to said plurality of radiation treatment head is rotated to a different gantry angles, the operations further comprise dynamically controlling the distance of the radiation treatment head extending inwardly through said plurality of gantry angles.
[0030] 图1示出根据优选实施方案的放射治疗环境； [0030] Figure 1 shows a radiotherapy environment, according to a preferred embodiment;
[0031] 图2A-2B各自示出根据优选实施方案的图像引导放射治疗(IGRT)装置的侧向剖切视图和轴向剖切视图； [0031] Figures 2A-2B each show a side cut-away view of the apparatus and an axial sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) according to;
[0032]图3A-3B各自示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置的侧向剖切视图和轴向剖切视图； [0032] Figures 3A-3B each show cutaway sectional side view and an axial view IGRT preferred embodiment of the apparatus;
[0033]图4示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置的侧向剖切视图以及与所述IGRT装置集成和/或连接的计算机系统的示意图； [0033] Figure 4 shows a side cutaway view of a preferred embodiment IGRT device and a diagram of an apparatus integrated with the IGRT and / or computer systems connected in accordance with;
[0034]图5A-5D针对在圆锥形非共面或圆锥形螺旋式非共面放射治疗递送期间所述IGRT 装置的环形台架的多个不同纵向位置示出图3所示IGRT装置的侧向剖切视图； [0034] FIGS. 5A-5D shows a side IGRT device shown in FIG. 3 for a plurality of different longitudinal positions of the carriage during delivery annular conical non-coplanar spiral or conical non-coplanar radiation treatment apparatus of the IGRT the cut-out view;
[0035]图5E-5G针对在螺旋式非共面放射治疗递送期间环形台架的多个不同纵向位置示出图3所示IGRT装置的侧向剖切视图； [0035] FIG. 5E-5G illustrate for showing a plurality of different longitudinal positions in the helical during non-coplanar radiation treatment delivery annular gantry IGRT device shown cutaway side view 3;
[0036]图6A-6D示出根据优选实施方案的3D成像设备的纵向平移和IGRT系统的环形台架结构，所述优选实施方案用以在允许患者保持静止的同时结合放射治疗递送提供治疗前和/或摆位成像； The annular and longitudinal translation of the gantry structure IGRT 3D imaging system embodiment of the apparatus of the preferred embodiment, the preferred embodiments allow the patient to remain stationary while the combined radiation therapy pretreatment Delivered [0036] Figures 6A-6D shows and / or image placement;
[0037]图7示出示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置在任选躺椅摆动操作模式期间的俯视剖切视图； [0037] FIG 7 illustrates a top cutaway view showing that a period IGRT device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of recliner optionally wobble mode of operation;
[0038]图8A-8B各自示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置的轴向剖切视图和俯视剖切视图； [0038] Figures 8A-8B each show an axial sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus IGRT and a top cutaway view of the embodiment;
[0039]图9A-9C各自示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置的一个轴向剖切视图和两个俯视剖切视图； [0039] Figures 9A-9C each show an axial sectional view of a preferred embodiment apparatus IGRT cutaway view and a top view of two;
[0040]图10示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置的俯视剖切视图； [0040] FIG. 10 illustrates a top plan cutaway view of IGRT preferred embodiment of the apparatus;
[00411图11A-11C示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置的侧向剖切视图，所述IGRT装置包括环形台架，所述环形台架围绕水平倾斜轴以不同的对应倾斜角度倾斜； [00411 FIGS. 11A-11C illustrates a cutaway side view of a preferred embodiment IGRT device, said means comprising an annular IGRT stage, the annular gantry tilt axis corresponds to a different angle of inclination about a horizontal;
[0042]图12A-12C针对IGRT装置的对应环形台架倾斜角度示出根据优选实施方案的图11A-11C所示IGRT装置的平面内环形台架剖切视图，这些视图各自包括处于两个不同台架角度时的所述IGRT装置的放射头的视图，用以示出所述放射头的动态向内/向外定位控制； [0043]图13A-13C示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置的俯视剖切视图，所述IGRT装置包括环形台架，所述环形台架围绕垂直倾斜轴以不同的对应倾斜角度倾斜； [0042] Figures 12A-12C illustrates a gantry ring for the corresponding angle of inclination IGRT device according to a preferred embodiment of FIG IGRT device in a plane sectional view of an annular gantry FIG 11A-11C, each of which comprises at two different views IGRT view of the head of the radiation device when gantry angles for illustrating the radiation head dynamic inward / outward positioning control; [0043] FIGS 13A-13C illustrate an apparatus according to a preferred embodiment IGRT scheme a top cutaway view of the IGRT device comprises an annular gantry, the gantry ring at different angles of inclination corresponding to the inclination around a vertical tilting axis;
[0044]图14A-14B示出根据图5A-5D所示方法的使用IGRT系统的圆锥形非共面和圆锥形螺旋式非共面放射治疗递送的实施例； [0044] FIGS. 14A-14B illustrates an embodiment of the conical non-coplanar IGRT system using the method shown in FIGS. 5A-5D and conical spiral non-coplanar radiation treatment delivery;
[0045]图15A-15B示出使用图11A-11C所示IGRT系统的非共面放射治疗递送的实施例；以及 [0045] FIGS. 15A-15B illustrates a non-coplanar as shown in FIG radiation treatment delivery system IGRT Example 11A-11C; and
[0046]图16A-16B示出使用图13A-13C所示IGRT系统的非共面放射治疗递送的实施例。 13A-13C shown IGRT non-coplanar radiation treatment delivery system of Example [0046] FIGS. 16A-16B shows the FIG.
[0047]在下文中进一步描述了用于图像引导放射治疗(IGRT)的系统、方法以及相关计算机程序产品，包括图像引导放射治疗（IGRT)系统，所述系统提供以下项的有利组合:高机械稳定性、放射递送过程中的多用性、户外构造以及使得患者在（i)治疗前成像和/或摆位成像与（ii)包括治疗中的成像在内的治疗递送的时间之间保持静止的能力。 [0047] Further described, the method and related computer program product for image guided radiation therapy system (IGRT) hereinafter, comprising IGRT (IGRT), the system provides advantageous combination of the following: high mechanical stability of radiation during delivery versatility, outdoor and configured such that the patient (i) treatment prior to imaging and / or placement imaging and (ii) the ability to remain stationary between treatment comprises treatment delivery time imagery, . 在一个优选实施方案中，提供一种放射治疗装置，所述放射治疗装置包括:环形台架，所述环形台架具有中心开口；放射治疗头，所述放射治疗头被连接到所述环形台架并且可以围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度；以及台架平移机构，所述台架平移机构被构造成在在延伸穿过所述中心开口的纵轴的方向上平移所述环形台架。 In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a radiation therapy apparatus, said radiation treatment apparatus comprising: an annular gantry, the gantry ring having a central opening; radiation therapy head, the radiation treatment head is connected to the annular and an opening frame can be rotated at least 180 degree arc around the center; gantry and the translation mechanism, the stage translation mechanism is configured to translate in a longitudinal direction extending through the central opening of the annular gantry . 在一个优选实施方案中，所述环形台架装在环形台架结构内，所述环形台架结构沿着所述纵轴具有小于约一米的整体长度，从而有利促使患者得到非幽闭恐惧症的、"户外的"感觉和体验。 In a preferred embodiment, the annular carrier mounted within the annular gantry structure, said annular carrier structure having a longitudinal axis of less than about one meter along the entire length, thereby prompting the patient to obtain favorable non-claustrophobic and "outdoor" feel and experience. 在一个优选实施方案中，所述放射治疗头可以围绕所述中心开口旋转整个360度弧度。 In a preferred embodiment, the radiation treatment head may be open a full 360 degree arc of rotation about the center.
[0048] 在一个优选实施方案中，所述环形台架界定中心环形台架平面，所述放射治疗头的质量中心沿着所述环形台架平面进行维持，并且所述放射治疗头被可枢转地安装到所述环形台架的方式为允许治疗放射相对于所述环形台架平面被定向在平面外。 [0048] In a preferred embodiment, the annular frame defining a central annular gantry plane, the radiation treatment head along the center of mass sustain the annular gantry plane, the radiation therapy and the head is pivotable pivotally mounted to said annular stage manner to allow radiation treatment gantry with respect to the annular plane is oriented out of plane. 更优选地，所述放射治疗头被安装成允许进一步可枢转移动，以使得放射治疗可以相对于穿过等中心的中心纵轴偏离中心进行定向。 More preferably, the radiotherapy head is mounted to permit pivotal movement is further, so that the radiation therapy and the like with respect to the central longitudinal axis passing through the center is oriented off center. 有利地，可以提供丰富多样的不同治疗类型和治疗剖面，包括但不限于圆锥形非共面旋转弧形治疗和圆锥形螺旋式非共面旋转弧形治疗。 Advantageously, it is possible to provide a variety of different types of therapeutic treatment and cross-section, including but not limited to non-coplanar rotary cone and the conical spiral arcuate treating non-coplanar treatment arcuate rotation. 根据另一优选实施方案，通过以下方式来提供又一自由度:将放射治疗头安装到环形台架，以使得放射治疗头与中心纵轴之间的径向距离能够得到动态控制。 According to another preferred embodiment, provided by way of a further degree of freedom: the radiotherapy head to the annular mounting stage, so that the radial distance between the central longitudinal axis of the radiation treatment head can be dynamically controlled.
[0049] 对于优选实施方案，治疗中的成像是由第一kV成像系统提供，所述第一kV成像系统包括第一成像源和第一成像检测器，所述第一成像源和所述第一成像检测器可以随着所述环形台架沿着所述纵轴平移。 [0049] For a preferred embodiment, therapy is provided by the first imaging kV imaging system, the first imaging kV imaging system comprises a first source and the first imaging detector, said first and said second imaging source an imaging detector as the annular carrier can be translated along the longitudinal axis. 第一成像源和第一成像检测器可以被安装到环形台架，从而可以与放射治疗头围绕中心开口一致旋转，或者作为替代，第一成像源和第一成像检测器可以被固定到环形台架结构的框架，以使得它们无法围绕中心开口旋转，但却仍会沿着纵轴随着所述环形台架平移。 Forming a first source and a first imaging detector may be mounted to an annular gantry, so that the opening can be rotated in unison about the central Alternatively head with radiation therapy, or as a first source and a first imaging imaging detector may be secured to the annular frame of the frame structure, such that they can not rotate about the center of the opening, but still along the longitudinal axis with a translation of the gantry ring. 优选地，还提供包括第二成像源和第二成像检测器的第二kV 成像系统，所述第二kV成像系统或沿着纵轴静止或可相对于环形台架沿着纵轴独立平移。 Preferably, the imaging system further comprises a second kV a second source and a second imaging of the imaging detector, the second imaging system kV or along the longitudinal axis or may be stationary relative to the gantry ring along the longitudinal axis independent translation. 可固定地定位和/或移动地控制第二kV成像系统，以使得在纵向移动环形台架以将其中心平面从等中心处移除时，所述第二kV成像系统可以"接管"第一kV成像系统，以便提供所需治疗中图像信息。 May be fixedly positioned and / or second control movably kV imaging system, so that when the central plane so as to be removed from the other longitudinally movable annular center stage, the second kV imaging system may "take over" the first kV imaging system, the image information so as to provide the desired treatment.
[0050] 根据另一优选实施方案，治疗拱室也配备有3D成像设备(例如，CT、MRI)，所述3D成像设备与包含环形台架和放射治疗头的环形台架结构分开，其中所述3D成像设备可以沿着中心纵轴单独并独立于所述环形台架结构平移。 [0050] According to another preferred embodiment, the treatment chamber is also provided with a 3D arch image forming apparatus (e.g., CT, MRI), 3D imaging apparatus and separating the annular frame structure including an annular gantry and radiation therapy head, wherein said longitudinal axis of the 3D imaging device may be individually and independently along the central structure of the annular gantry translation. 环形台架结构可以在其中所述环形台架结构纵向包围等中心的第一位置与远离所述等中心的第二位置之间沿着中心纵轴平移。 An annular gantry structure may be in a first position wherein said annular carrier structure surrounding the longitudinal center of the other between a first position away from the center of the longitudinal axis of such a translation along the central. 类似地，3D成像设备可以在其中其远离等中心的第三位置与其纵向包围所述等中心的第四位置之间沿着中心纵轴平移。 Similarly, 3D imaging apparatus where it may be away from the third position or the like surrounding the center longitudinal translation along its longitudinal center between a fourth position of the isocenter. 有利地，这提供了一种在保持患者完全静止的同时实现以下两种情况的能力：（a)通过3D成像设备来对靶组织体积进行治疗前成像和/或摆位成像和(b)通过放射治疗头来向所述靶组织体积递送放射治疗。 Advantageously, this provides an ability to implement the following two conditions while still maintaining complete patient: (a) treatment is performed prior to imaging and / or image placement and (b) of the target tissue volume by 3D imaging devices Radiation therapy up to deliver radiation therapy to the target tissue volume. 对于治疗前成像和/或摆位成像，环形台架结构被移动开，同时3D成像设备获得治疗前图像和/或摆位图像，然而，对于递送放射治疗，所述3D成像设备被移动开，以便允许安装在环形台架上的放射治疗头执行放射递送，上述所有操作无需平移、旋转或以其它方式移动患者。 For the pre-treatment imaging and / or image placement, an annular gantry structures are moved apart, while the image forming apparatus 3D images obtained before treatment and / or image placement, however, for delivery of radiation therapy, the 3D imaging device is moved apart, performed in order to allow the installation of radiation therapy radiation delivery head an annular gantry, All the above operations without translation, rotation, or otherwise move the patient.
[0051] 根据本发明的一个或多个优选实施方案，还提供了一种放射治疗装置，所述放射治疗装置包括环形台架，所述环形台架具有中心开口，所述中心开口大到足以容纳患者身体，所述患者身体沿着固定纵轴定位并且延伸穿过所述中心开口，并且所述放射治疗装置进一步包括台架倾斜机构，所述台架倾斜机构被构造成使得所述环形台架相对于所述纵轴倾斜成多个不同倾斜角度。 [0051] According to the present invention, one or more preferred embodiments, also provides a radiotherapy apparatus, the radiation therapy apparatus comprising an annular gantry, the gantry ring having a central opening, the central opening is large enough to receiving a patient's body, the body of the patient is positioned along a stationary longitudinal axis and extending through said central opening, and said apparatus further comprises radiation treatment gantry tilt mechanism, the tilt mechanism stage is configured such that the annular longitudinal axis inclined with respect to the frame into a plurality of different angles of inclination. 所述装置进一步包括放射治疗头，所述放射治疗头被连接到所述环形台架并且可以围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度，并且更优选地旋转整个360度弧度。 The apparatus further comprises a first radiation treatment, the radiation treatment head is connected to the annular opening of the gantry and may rotate at least 180 degrees about the center arc, and more preferably the entire 360 ​​degree arc of rotation. 对于一个优选实实施方案，环形台架可以倾斜而不可以在治疗拱室中纵向平移，然而，在另一优选实施方案中，环形台架可以倾斜，同时可以在治疗拱室中纵向平移。 For a preferred real embodiment, an annular gantry can be tilted without arch longitudinal translation in the treatment chamber, however, in another preferred embodiment, the annular frame may be tilted, while the arch longitudinal translation in the treatment chamber. 对于一个优选实实施方案，环形台架可以围绕水平倾斜轴倾斜，然而，在另一优选实施方案中，环形台架可以围绕垂直倾斜轴倾斜。 For a preferred real embodiment, an annular gantry about a horizontal tilt axis can, however, in another preferred embodiment, an annular gantry can be tilted about a tilt axis vertical. 对于其中环形台架既可倾斜也可纵向平移的优选实施方案中，倾斜轴将可能会随着所述环形台架平移。 For both stage wherein the annular inclined embodiment may also be preferred embodiments in longitudinal translation, the translation may be inclined axis as the annular carrier. 提供一个或多个kV成像系统，所述kV成像系统可以包括一个或多个在台架上的kV成像系统，所述在台架上的kV成像系统被安装到环形台架并且由此可以随之倾斜和/或平移。 Providing one or more kV imaging system, the imaging system may comprise one kV or more kV imaging system gantry, the gantry is mounted to an annular kV and the imaging system with the gantry whereby the tilt and / or translation. 所述一个或多个kV成像系统可以进一步和/或替代地包括在治疗拱室中独立于环形台架进行移动的一个或多个可独立移动的kV成像系统，并且可以进一步和/或替代地包括相对于所述治疗拱室固定的一个或多个固定的kV成像系统。 The one or more kV imaging system may be further and / or alternatively include an annular gantry is independent of the arch in the treatment chamber for moving one or more independently movable kV imaging system, and may further and / or alternatively comprising fixed with respect to the treatment chamber or a plurality of fixed arch kV imaging system.
[0052] 根据一个优选实施方案，结合可倾斜的环形台架提供一种介于放射治疗头与环形台架之间的机械连接，这种机械连接设计用来促进并且促使所述放射治疗头相对于所述环形台架朝着中心开口向内延伸的距离得到动态控制。 [0052] According to a preferred embodiment, the binding tiltable gantry ring to provide an interposed mechanical connection between the head and the annular radiation treatment gantry, this mechanical connection is designed to facilitate the radiotherapy head and causes relatively to said annular stage toward the central opening extends inwardly from the obtained dynamic control. 例如，在一个优选实施方案中，放射治疗头通过伸缩臂来连接到环形台架，所述伸缩臂被构造成在计算机化控制下朝着或远离环形台架平面的中心动态延伸。 For example, in one preferred embodiment, the radiation therapy to the head carriage connected to the ring by the telescopic arm, said telescopic arm is extended dynamically configured under control of a computerized gantry ring towards or away from the center plane. 在一个优选实施方案中，当放射治疗头围绕中心开口通过多个台架角度旋转时，动态控制向内延伸距离，所述动态控制的应用方式为使得所述放射治疗头邻近地维持在沿着纵轴围绕患者延伸的预先界定的圆柱形缓冲区外。 In a preferred embodiment, when the radiation treatment head opening by a plurality of gantry angles of rotation around the center, extending inwardly from the dynamic control mode of application of the dynamic control such that the radiation is maintained adjacent the treatment head along the around the longitudinal axis of the outer cylindrical buffer predefined extending patients. 对于其中环形台架相对于纵轴以非垂直角度倾斜的实施例，放射治疗头的尖端遵循总体上椭圆形的轨迹， 伸缩臂在环形台架圆周更为接近缓冲区时的位置处相对收缩，伸缩臂在环形台架圆周更为远离缓冲区时的位置处相对延伸。 Wherein an annular stand for the position with respect to the embodiment, the tip head embodiment radiotherapy follows generally elliptical locus, the telescopic arm circumferential annular frame buffer closer to the longitudinal axis is inclined at a non-perpendicular angle relative contraction, telescopic arm at a location in the ring buffer stage is relatively further away from the circumferential extension. 对于其中环形台架既可倾斜也可纵向平移的优选实施方案，治疗拱室也可以配备有可以沿着纵轴单独并独立于环形台架结构平移的单独3D成像设备(例如，CT、MRI)，以便提供在保持患者完全静止的同时实现（i)治疗前成像和/或摆位成像和(ii)递送放射治疗两者的能力。 Wherein the annular gantry for preferred embodiments can also be inclined longitudinal translation, the treatment chamber may also be equipped with arches along the longitudinal axis may be individually and independently translatable annular gantry structure separate 3D image forming apparatus (e.g., CT, MRI) , while maintaining the patient in order to provide completely still achieve (i) treatment prior to imaging and / or placement imaging and (ii) the ability of both the delivery of radiation therapy.
[0053] 图1示出放射治疗环境100, 一个或多个优选实施方案被被有利地应用到所述放射治疗环境之内。 [0053] Figure 1 shows a radiotherapy environment 100, one or more preferred embodiments are to be advantageously applied to the environment of the radiation therapy. 放射治疗环境100包括参考成像系统102和IGRT系统104。 Radiotherapy environment 100 includes an imaging system 102 and reference system 104 IGRT. 参考成像系统102 通常包括高精确性体积成像系统，如计算机断层摄影(CT)系统或核磁共振成像(MRI)系统。 The imaging system 102 typically includes a reference to a high accuracy of the volumetric imaging systems such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging system (MRI) system. 鉴于许多临床环境中的成本和工作流程因素，所述参考成像系统102通常是在诊所或医院环境中用于各种不同目的的通用工具，并且并不是特别专用于IGRT系统104。 In view of cost factors and many clinical workflow environment, the reference imaging system 102 is typically of a variety of common tools for different purposes in a hospital or clinic environment, and are not dedicated to a particular system 104 IGRT. 相反，参考成像系统102通常位于其自己的单独的室或拱室之中，并且在单独并且比IGRT系统104更通用的基础上购买、安装和/或维护。 Instead, the reference imaging system 102 is typically located in its own separate chamber or arch chamber, and later in a separate and more versatile than IGRT system 104 based on the installation and / or maintenance. 因此，对于图1实施例，参考成像系统102被示出为是不同于IGRT系统104的。 Thus, for the Figure 1 embodiment, with reference to the imaging system 102 is shown as system 104 is different IGRT. 值得注意地是，对于没有超出本教导范围的其它放射治疗环境，参考成像系统102可以被认为是IGRT系统104的集成部件。 Notably, radiation therapy for other environments without departing from the scope of the present teachings, the reference imaging system 102 may be considered an integral component of system 104 IGRT.
[0054] IGRT系统104包括放射治疗(MV)源108,其选择性地将高能量X射线治疗放射应用到定位在治疗躺椅TC上的患者P的靶体积。 [0054] IGRT system 104 includes a radiation therapy (MV) source 108, which selectively connects the high energy X-ray radiation therapy applied in the treatment of recliner positioned to a target volume of TC patient P. MV源108在系统控制器114并且更具体地说是在其治疗放射控制子系统128的控制下来应用治疗放射。 MV source 108 in the system controller 114 and more particularly in the treatment of radiation down control subsystem 128 controls the application of radiation therapy. 系统控制器114进一步包括处理电路120、检测器控制器122、躺椅定位控制器124和kV放射控制器126,上述各自被编程并且构造成实现本文中进一步描述的一种或多种功能。 The system controller 114 further comprises a processing circuit 120, a detector controller 122, and controller 124 recliner positioning controller 126 kV radiation, each of the above is programmed and configured to implement one or more functions described further herein. 一个或多个成像(kV)放射源110在kV放射控制器126的控制下选择性地发射相对低能量的X射线成像放射，所述成像放射是由一个或多个成像检测器112捕获。 One or more imaging (kV) 110 under control of the radiation source controller 126 kV radiation selectively emit X-ray imaging relatively low energy radiation, said imaging radiation 112 is captured by one or more imaging detectors. 在替代优选实施方案中，一个或多个成像检测器112可以是所谓的入口成像检测器，其捕获来自MV源108的高能量X射线治疗放射，这种治疗放射穿过靶体积传播。 In an alternative preferred embodiment, the one or more imaging detector 112 may be a so-called inlet imaging detector, which captures energy from a high source 108 MV X-ray radiation treatment, such treatment radiation propagating through the target volume.
[0055]对于一个优选实施方案，kV成像放射源110包括二维立体定向x射线成像系统和断层摄影合成成像系统两者。 [0055], both the orientation and the x-ray imaging system tomosynthesis imaging system for two dimensional perspective a preferred embodiment of the imaging radiation source 110 comprises a kV. 对于其它优选实施方案，仅仅提供二维立体定向X射线成像系统，然而对于另外一些优选实施方案，仅仅提供断层摄影合成成像系统。 For other preferred embodiments, it provides only two-dimensional stereotactic X-ray imaging system, whereas for some other preferred embodiments, merely provide tomosynthesis imaging system. 优选地，立体定向X 射线成像系统和断层摄影合成成像各自具有以下特征：（a)相对于治疗室的(x，y，z)坐标系统的固定的、预定的、非移动的几何形状或(b)在几何形状可以动态移动时相对于治疗室的(x，y，z)坐标系统的可精确测量的和/或可精确确定的几何形状。 Preferably, stereotactic X-ray imaging systems, and tomosynthesis imaging each having the following characteristics: (a) with respect to a fixed, predetermined, non-moving geometry (x, y, z) coordinate system of the treatment rooms or ( b) the relative geometries may be dynamically accurate measurement of the (x, y, z) coordinate system of the treatment chamber and / or geometry can be accurately determined when moving. MV放射源108当然也应具有相对于治疗室的(x，y，z)坐标系统的可精确测量的和/或可精确确定的几何形状。 MV radiation source 108 should of course be accurately measured with respect to (x, y, z) coordinate system of the treatment chamber and / or geometry can be accurately determined.
[0056]躺椅定位器130是由躺椅定位控制器124致动，以便定位躺椅TC。 [0056] recliner locator 130 is positioned recliner 124 is actuated by the controller in order to locate recliner TC. 任选地，基于非X 射线的定位传感系统134感测策略性地固持到患者上的一个或多个外部标记的定位和/或运动，和/或感测患者皮肤表面本身的定位和/或运动，这种感测使用并不涉及离子放射的一种或多种方法进行，所述方法如基于光学的或基于超声的的方法。 Optionally, a non-X-ray-based positioning sensor system 134 senses strategically positioning holding one or more external markers patient positioning and / or movement and / or skin surface of the patient's own sensing and sense / or motion, such sensing is not directed to a use of ionizing radiation or a variety of methods, such as the method based on optical or ultrasound-based method. IGRT系统104进一步包括操作员工作站116和治疗计划系统118。 IGRT system 104 further includes an operator workstation 116 and the treatment planning system 118.
[0057]图2A-2B示出根据一个或多个优选实施方案的IGRT系统，包括可平移的环形台架结构200。 [0057] Figures 2A-2B illustrate a system IGRT or more preferred embodiments, the ring comprises a translatable stage structure 200. 环形台架结构200包括框架202,所述框架内设置有环形台架204。 Stage 200 comprises an annular structure provided with an annular stage 204 202, the frame frame. 安装到环形台架204的是放射治疗头210,所述放射治疗头如但不限于线性加速器(LINAC)或紧凑质子源，所述放射治疗头上包括如多叶准直器(MLC)等末端准直器212并且提供了治疗放射线束203。 An annular gantry 204 is mounted to the head 210 is radiation therapy, the radiation therapy to the head such as, but not limited to a linear accelerator (of the LINAC) or a compact proton source, the head comprising a radiotherapy such as multi-leaf collimator (MLC) and the like terminal the collimator 212 and 203 provide the therapeutic radiation beam. 放射治疗头210通过包括臂207的底座206来被安装到环形台架204上。 Radiation treatment head 210 includes a base 207, an arm 206 is mounted on an annular gantry 204. 对于一个优选实施方案，放射治疗头210包括紧凑轻量LINAC，如采用紧凑构造而无偏转磁铁的X带或C带LINAC。 For a preferred embodiment, the radiation treatment head comprising a compact lightweight LINAC 210, such as a compact structure with no deflection X or C-band LINAC magnet. 这就允许一种紧凑系统设计，其中所有移动部件位于固定表面盖罩(参见遮蔽结构220)后面，从而消除与患者碰撞的风险并且实现较高旋转速度(存在一种美国管理标准，其中规定如果存在与患者碰撞的风险，那么就不允许旋转速度高于1转/分钟）。 This allows a compact system design, where all moving parts of the fixed surface of the cover (see the shield structure 220) back, thereby eliminating the risk of collision and the patient achieved a higher rotational speed (U.S. presence of a management standard, wherein if the predetermined there is a risk of collision with the patient, then it does not allow the rotation speed is higher than 1 rev / min). 在替代实施方案中， 紧凑加速器可以包括偏转磁铁。 In an alternative embodiment, it may include a deflection magnet compact accelerators.
[0058]环形台架204和放射治疗头210经过构造，以使得所述放射治疗头210可以围绕穿过等中心216的纵向取向的中心轴214旋转。 [0058] The annular frame 204 through the head 210 and the radiation treatment is configured such that the radiation treatment head about the central axis 210 may pass through center 216 of longitudinal orientation and the like of rotation 214. 就本发明而言，如本领域的技术人员将会清楚， 各种不同机制中的任何机制都可用来实现这种旋转功能，所述机制包括其中环形台架204 固定而底座206围绕所述环形台架滑动或滚动的机制、其中整个环形台架204旋转并且底座206被固定于所述环形台架的单点上的的机制及其各种组合。 For the present invention, as those skilled in the art will understand that any mechanism of a variety of different mechanisms may be used to achieve this rotation, wherein the mechanism comprises an annular gantry 204 while the base 206 is fixed around the annular gantry sliding or rolling mechanism, wherein the entire annular rotating gantry 204 and the base 206 is fixed to the mechanism and various combinations on a single point of the annular gantry. 对于其中环形台架204保持固定而底座206围绕所述环形台架滑动或滚动的情况，将会易于理解地是，术语"台架角度"仍然可以用来表示在从设备末端轴向观察时放射治疗头相对于中心纵轴的角度设置，即使所述环形台架本身并不转动并且相反所述放射治疗头围绕所述环形台架周向平移也是如此。 Wherein the annular gantry 204 for holding stationary while the base 206 around the annular gantry case of sliding or rolling, will be readily understood that the term "gantry angle" can still be used to indicate radiation when viewed in the axial end of the device the treatment head relative to the central longitudinal axis disposed at an angle, even though the ring itself does not rotate and the gantry opposite the radiation therapy head around the annular circumferential shift stage as well.
[0059] 技术人员将会了解，允许台架角度的此类变化的各种不同机械支持方案中的任何方案均可使用(例如，抗摩擦套筒、滑动轴承、滚柱轴承等等）。 [0059] the art will appreciate that various mechanical support any program scheme allows for such variations in gantry angles may be used (e.g., anti-friction sleeve, sliding bearings, roller bearings, etc.). 为了简化发明内容，下文描述呈现针对整个环形台架204旋转并且底座206被固持在所述环形台架的单点上的情况，但应了解，本教导范围不限于此。 SUMMARY To simplify, the following description presented for the case where the entire annular rotating gantry 204 and the base 206 is retained at a single point of the annular frame, it should be appreciated that the scope of the present teachings are not limited thereto.
[0060] 环形台架204和放射治疗头210被构造和尺寸调整成允许中心开口（中心孔洞)218 存在，也就是说，存在这样一种开口：足以允许患者P被定位成从中穿过，而不可能在放射治疗头210或其它机械部件围绕患者P旋转时被所述放射治疗头或其它机械部件意外接触。 [0060] The annular gantry 204 and radiation therapy head 210 is configured and dimensioned to permit adjustment of the central opening (central hole) 218 ​​is present, i.e., there is a opening: P is sufficient to allow the patient to be positioned therethrough, and accidental contact with the radiotherapy head or other mechanical parts about a possible rotation of the patient P in the radiotherapy head 210 or other mechanical parts. 优选地，提供遮蔽结构220以便对中心孔洞218边界加衬而且覆盖环形台架结构200侧面。 Preferably, the shielding structure 220 so as to cover the annular frame 200 and the side structure of the central hole 218 is lined border. 除了防止动患者的手或其它身体部分发生所不期望的移动而导致与移动零件碰撞之外，就设备中的大型移动零件而言，遮蔽结构220可以减少病人可感觉到的威胁感。 In addition to the patient's hand to prevent the movable body part or other undesirable movement results in the occurrence of collision with moving parts, on a large moving parts of the apparatus, the shielding structure 220 may reduce the patient's sense of perceived threat. 遮蔽结构220提供最大化台架旋转速度而仍满足所有管理安全要求的能力。 Shielding structure 220 to provide maximum gantry rotation speed and still meet all the ability to manage security requirements. 遮蔽结构220应由对于治疗和成像放射而言基本上可透射的材料形成，并且所述遮蔽结构任选地也可以是在视觉上不透明的。 Shielding structure 220 should be for the treatment and imaging radiation in terms substantially transmissive material, and the shielding structure may be optionally visually opaque. 中央孔洞218可替代地称作圆柱形缓冲区，或者可能更通俗地称作"禁飞区"，这种替代术语尤其合适其中不包括遮蔽结构220的实施例。 Central bore 218 may alternatively be referred to as a cylindrical buffer, or perhaps more commonly referred to as "Zone", the term particularly suitable such alternative embodiment wherein the shielding structure 220 is not included.
[0061]关联IGRT系统的是一种虚设平面，本文称作横向等中心的平面217,这个平面与旋转轴214正交并且穿过等中心216。 [0061] system associated with a dummy IGRT plane, referred to herein as the transverse center plane 217 and the like, the center plane orthogonal to the rotary shaft 214 and through the like 216. 关联包括环形台架204的环形台架结构200的是环形台架平面219,如果这个平面在某些时间上和/或针对某些操作可以保持与图2A所示横向等中心的平面217共面，那么这个平面即可变成通过环形台架结构202在纵向方向上的平移来与横向等中心的平面217在纵向方向上分开。 Comprising an annular ring associated with the carriage of gantry structure 204 is an annular flat stage 219 200, if the plane at certain time and / or a transverse center plane 217 and the like shown in FIG. 2A coplanar certain operations may be maintained for the FIG. , then the plane 217 can be separated into the longitudinal direction of the transverse center plane through the ring like translation stage 202 in the longitudinal direction of the structure. 如本文所使用，等中心是治疗室(治疗拱室）中的固定的物理点。 As used herein, the isocenter point is fixed physical treatment chamber (chamber arch treatment) was added. 治疗中心是患者的靶体积内的点，该点是由医师在治疗计划期间界定，这种界定通常基于治疗前图像参考帧。 Treatment center is a point within the target volume of the patient during the treatment planning point defined by the physician, before defining this reference image frame is typically based therapy. 对于等中心的治疗，在准备操作期间，治疗中心与等中心对准。 For the treatment center, during the preparation operation, the center alignment treatment centers and the like. 值得注意地是，即使当环形台架结构200在纵向方向上平移，等中心216也会保持处于治疗拱室中的固定点处，并且在纵向位置上变化的是环形台架平面219。 Notably, even when the annular gantry structure 200 translates in the longitudinal direction, the isocenter 216 will remain at a fixed point in the arch treatment chamber, and a change in the longitudinal position 219 is an annular gantry plane.
[0062]图2A-2B所示的是平移致动机构240,用以在纵向方向上平移环形台架结构200。 [0062] The actuating mechanism 240 is a translation to the translation stage ring structure 200 in the longitudinal direction as shown in Figures 2A-2B. 尽管借助简化实施例在图2A-2B中示出的是轮子可由电动机(未示出）驱动，但就本发明而言， 本领域技术人员将会清楚，平移致动机构240也可采用各种不同形式，以便实现这种平移功能。 Although by means of a simplified embodiment of FIGS. 2A-2B shows a wheel by a motor (not illustrated), but in terms of the present invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the translation mechanism 240 may also be actuated various various forms, in order to achieve this shift function. 还应了解，尽管被示出为被旋转地设置在治疗拱室的底板226上，但环形台架结构200也可替代地或与其结合地被平移地连接到治疗拱室的顶板和/或一个或多个侧壁。 It should also be appreciated that although shown as a rotation is provided on the base plate 226 Arch treatment chamber, but the annular gantry structures 200 may alternatively, or in combination therewith is translationally coupled to the top plate of the treatment chamber arch and / or or more sidewalls.
[0063]本领域的技术人员将了解，比起图2A-2B中示意性地指出的那种框架，框架202可以根据所用具体材料和其它设计考虑而被制造成基本上较厚或者在各种位置处可被加强， 以便确保这种机械稳定性。 [0063] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, compared with FIGS. 2A-2B is schematically indicated that the frame, or the frame 202 may be substantially thicker depending on the various specific materials and other design considerations to be manufactured position can be strengthened to ensure that the mechanical stability. 提供患者躺椅222用于支撑患者P，所述患者躺椅222优选地被连接到自动患者定位系统224,这种系统能够以三个或更多个自由度(例如，三个正交平移，其中一个正交平移平行于旋转轴214,两个正交平移与旋转轴214正交，所述正交平移任选地加上一次或多次旋转)操纵患者。 Providing a patient P recliner 222 for supporting a patient, the patient recliner 222 is preferably connected to the automatic patient positioning system 224, such a system can be three or more degrees of freedom (e.g., three orthogonal translational, wherein a orthogonal translation parallel to the rotation shaft 214, 214 orthogonal to the two orthogonal translational and rotational axis, orthogonal to the translation optionally adding one or more rotating) actuating the patient. 根据本发明的实施方案，本领域的技术人员将了解，许多躺椅均可使用。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many recliner can be used.
[0064]有利地，环形台架结构200提供患者对周围空间的高度可见性，从而提供较不产生幽闭恐惧症的体验。 [0064] Advantageously, the annular gantry structure 200 provides a highly visible space around the patient, thereby providing no more experience claustrophobia. 任选地或替代地，遮蔽结构220可为结构支撑圆柱或轮毂，框架202在所述支撑圆柱或轮毂的近似相对端部处被机械连接到所述支撑圆柱或轮毂。 Optionally or alternatively, the shielding structure 220 may be a hub or a cylindrical structural support frame 202 is mechanically connected to the support cylinder or hub at opposite ends of the support at approximately cylindrical or hub. 在这个实施方案中，除了框架202之外或替代所述框架，轮毂将会提供额外或替代结构支撑件。 In this embodiment, the frame 202 in addition to or in place of the frame, the hub will provide an alternative or additional structural support. 在另一实施方案中，轮毂(无论是否是由射线可透射的材料制成)和/或遮蔽结构220具有沿着中心开口218具有平行于旋转轴214的纵向狭缝，以便允许放射从中无阻碍地穿过，从而降低所谓的趋肤效应或使皮肤防护最大化。 In another embodiment, the hub (whether made of radiolucent material) and / or shield structure 220 having an opening 218 along the central axis of rotation parallel to the longitudinal direction of the slit 214 so as to allow radiation therethrough unimpeded through, thereby reducing the so-called skin effect or skin protection is maximized. 应了解，遮蔽结构220可以仍然对结构圆柱加衬并且不必具有狭缝，从而完全封闭患者视角并且接触旋转放射源。 It should be appreciated, the shielding structure 220 may still lined cylindrical structure and need not have a slit, such that the perspective of the patient is completely closed and contacts the rotating radiation source. 狭缝(如果患者可以看到）可以被构造成使得对旋转放射源的潜在接触最小化，并且患者可能仅仅会在旋转放射源位于或接近大约垂直指向下方的环形顶部时看到所述旋转放射源。 When the slit (see if the patient) may be configured such that the rotation of the potential exposure to radioactive sources is minimized, and the patient may simply be at or near the top annular directed approximately perpendicularly downward rotation of the rotary saw radiation source radiation source. 如将了解，所述轮毂将与放射头近似一致地旋转。 As will be appreciated, the hub will rotate in unison with approximately the radiation head. 作为额外选项，以不同方式描述的是，遮蔽结构220可被连接，以使得其随环形台架204旋转。 As an additional option, described in different ways, the shielding structure 220 may be connected, such that it 204 with an annular gantry rotation. 任选地，就皮肤防护问题而言为了维持移动部件尽可能地处于固定表面盖罩后面，可以提供可移除的盖子来"堵住"狭缝，这将会适于可旋转的治疗治疗。 Optionally, the problem in terms of skin protection member is moved in order to maintain as far as possible behind the cover fixing surface, a removable cover may be provided to "block" the slit, which is adapted to be rotatable therapeutic treatment. 对于仅仅使用少量（1-4个)静态线束的治疗，如果积累最为关键，而线束之间的旋转速度并不关键，那么狭缝保持打开。 For only a small amount (1-4) static harness treatment, if the accumulation of the most critical, and the rotation speed between the harness is not critical, then slit open. 用于旋转弧形治疗治疗，如果积累并不关键(因为皮肤剂量涂抹在非常多的线束方向上），而旋转速度是关键的，那么塞子会被配合到狭缝中。 Treatment Treatment for rotating the arc, if the accumulation is not critical (because the skin in the applied dose lot of beam direction) and the rotational speed is critical, then the plug is fitted into the slit. 这可以在治疗前通过总体上可移除的塞子来手动实现，或替代地，在遮蔽结构220上提供一种机械滑动系统，这种机械滑动系统可以在治疗人员的控制和/或致动下盖住或露出狭缝。 This can be achieved manually before treatment generally by a removable plug, or alternatively, to provide a mechanical system on a slide shield structure 220, such a mechanical system can control the sliding of the treating person and / or the actuation of the exposing or covering the slit.
[0065]如图2A-2B所示，放射治疗头210优选地被连接到底座206的臂207的方式为允许所述放射治疗头210围绕第一枢转轴Ml (在本文中称作主要枢转轴)进行枢转，并且(iii)治疗放射头210围绕第二轴M2旋转（在本文中称作次要枢转轴），所述第二轴与Ml成直角。 Embodiment [0065] shown, radiation therapy head 210 is preferably connected 2A-2B as shown in the end 206 of the arm base 207 to allow the radiotherapy of head 210 about a first pivot axis Ml (referred to herein as the main pivot axis ) to pivot, and (iii) treatment of the radiation head (referred to herein as a secondary pivot axis) 210 M2 rotation about a second axis, said second axis at right angles to Ml. 优选地，轴Ml和M2各自穿过治疗放射头210的质量中心(CoM)(所述质量中心还与放射源重合，例如LINAC中的焦点），所述质量中心沿着治疗放射线束203轴安置，并且所述质量中心会与环形台架平面219重合。 Preferably, the shaft Ml and M2 are each treatment radiation passing through the center of mass 210 of the head (the CoM) (also the center of mass coincides with the radiation source, such as focus in LINAC), the center of mass of therapeutic radiation along a beam axis disposed 203 and the center of mass 219 will coincide with the annular gantry plane. 总而言之，主要围绕轴Ml枢转和次要围绕轴M2枢转可被认作治疗放射头210的常平架或常平运动。 All in all, about the main pivot axis and minor Ml M2 pivot about the shaft may be considered as radiation treatment of head gimbal or gimbal motion 210. 为了清楚描述，主要围绕轴Ml枢转在下文中可用术语"Ml枢转(Mlpivot)"或"Ml枢转(Mlpi voting)"表示，并且次要围绕轴M2枢转在下文中可用术语"M2 枢转(M2pivot)"或"M2枢转(M2pi voting)"表示。 For clarity of description, mainly about the shaft Ml pivot hereinafter by the term "Ml pivot (Mlpivot)" or "Ml pivot (Mlpi voting)" indicates, and the secondary about the axis M2 pivot hereinafter by the term "M2 pivot (M2pivot) "or" M2 pivot (M2pi voting) "represents. 值得注意地是，本文所用术语主要/Ml和次要/M2在用于标识目的，并且并不指示任何具体与成像相关或治疗相关的相对分级。 Notably, as used herein, the term primary / Ml and secondary / M2 in for identification purposes, and do not indicate any particular associated with the imaging or treatment-related relative ranking. 如图2A 所示，围绕M2轴枢转允许治疗放射相对于环形台架平面219被定向在平面外。 As shown in Figure 2A, about a pivot axis M2 allow the therapeutic radiation with respect to the annular holder 219 is oriented in a plane outside the plane.
[0066]对于一个优选实施方案，底座206和臂207被构造成允许放射治疗头210与环形台架204之间的距离可控制地缩短和延长。 [0066] For a preferred embodiment, the base 206 and the arm 207 is configured to allow radiation treatment head 210 and the distance between the annular frame 204 may be controllably extended and shortened. 例如，臂207可以是伸缩臂。 For example, the arm 207 may be a telescopic arm. 因此，可以动态控制放射治疗头210与中心纵轴214之间的径向距离。 Thus, it is possible to dynamically control the radiation treatment of head 210 and the radial distance between the central longitudinal axis 214. 可有利地使用这种能力，以便在围绕M2枢转轴枢转放射处理头210时，防止MLC 212与遮蔽结构220之间在沿着中心孔洞218的位置处碰撞。 This capability may be advantageously used to pivot around the pivot axis upon rotation M2 radiation treatment head 210, to prevent collisions between the MLC 212 and the shield structure 220 at a location along the central hole 218. 这又可以有利地放宽某些设计限制，这样即会允许中心孔洞218大于其原本大小，同时还会允许放射处理头210实现基本M2轴枢转自由。 This in turn may advantageously relax some design constraints, this would allow the central hole 218 that is larger than its original size, while also allowing the radiation treatment head 210 M2 achieve substantially free pivot shaft. 在替代优选实施方案(未示出）中，放射治疗头210与中心纵轴214之间的径向距离固定并且无法进行动态控制。 In an alternative preferred embodiment (not shown), the radiation treatment head 210 and the central longitudinal axis 214 of the radial distance between the fixed and can not be dynamically controlled.
[0067] 图2A-2B进一步示出第一kV成像系统S1/D1，所述成像系统包括成像源S1和成像检测器D1，所述成像源和所述成像检测被连接到环形台架204以便可以与其一起旋转并且平移。 [0067] Figures 2A-2B further illustrates a first kV imaging system S1 / D1, the imaging system includes an imaging source S1 and the imaging detectors D1, the imaging source and imaging detector is connected to the annular holder 204 to You may translate and rotate therewith. 对于另一优选实施方案(未示出），所述第一kV成像系统S1/D1可与环形台架204-起平移，但或固定地附接到框架202或通过所述环形台架204的旋转以其它方式断开连接。 For another preferred embodiment (not shown), the first imaging system kV S1 / D1 may be translated from an annular gantry 204-, but attached or fixed by the ring frame 202 or the stage 204 rotating otherwise disconnected. 在不背离本教导范围的情况下，所述第一kV成像系统S1/D1-般可以具有任何多种不同硬件部件(例如，单个X射线源、源阵列等等)和二维或三维成像方案(例如，2D立体成像、CBCT、断层摄影合成等等）。 In the present teachings without departing from the scope of the first imaging system kV S1 / D1- generally may have any of a variety of different hardware components (e.g., a single X-ray source, the source array, etc.), and two or three dimensional imaging scheme (eg, 2D stereo imaging, CBCT, tomosynthesis, etc.). 针对一个优选实施方案，所述成像源S1包括使用计算机可操纵的电子线束和金属革E的空间布置的源阵列，如由Triple Ring Technologies(参见上文)研发的一个或多个此类设备，所述成像检测器D1是数字阵列检测器，并且提供3D断层摄影合成治疗中的成像功能。 For a preferred embodiment, the computer imaging source S1 includes a steerable electron source array spatial metal and leather harness arrangement E, as indicated by Triple Ring Technologies (see above) developed by one or more such devices, the imaging detector is a digital array detector D1, and provides 3D tomosynthesis imaging function therapy.
[0068] 技术人员将了解，图2A-2B的IGRT系统进一步包括多个各种类型的致动器(未示出），用以实现本教导中的上述和下述机械功能。 [0068] in the art will appreciate, FIG. 2A-2B IGRT system further comprises a plurality of various types of actuators (not shown), in order to achieve the above and below the mechanical functions of the present teachings. 因此，例如，所述IGRT系统包括对应致动设备(未示出），用以实现以下情况:环形台架204围绕旋转轴214旋转、放射治疗头210从中心纵轴214向内和向外径向平移、放射治疗头210进行Ml枢转和M2枢转，以及环形台架结构200 沿着纵轴的方向平移。 Thus, for example, the system includes a corresponding IGRT actuating device (not shown), to achieve the following: an annular gantry 204 around the rotation shaft 214 rotates, the radiation treatment head 210 and inwardly from the central longitudinal axis 214 to the outer diameter translation of radiotherapy for head 210 M2 and Ml pivoting pivot, and an annular gantry structure 200 is translated along the longitudinal axis. 所述IGRT系统进一步包括一个或多个处理和/或控制单元，如可以实施在一个或多个可编程计算机上的处理和/或控制单元，用以控制各种致动器并且根据需要来将信号发送到各种列举出的放射源和检测器并从所述放射源和所述检测器发送信号， 从而实现本教导中的上述和下述功能。 IGRT The system further comprises one or more processing and / or control unit, as may be implemented on one or more programmable computer processing and / or control unit for controlling various actuators according to need and the signal to include a variety of radiation sources and the transmission signals from the detector and the radiation source and the detector, thereby achieving the present teaching functions described above and below. 就本教导而言，本领域的技术人员将能构造此类致动设备、处理和/或控制单元、可编程计算机等等，并且将能操作所述IGRT系统而不进行过度实验。 To the present teachings, those skilled in the art will be configured such actuation device, processing and / or control unit, a programmable computer, etc., and will be able to operate the system without undue experimentation IGRT.
[0069]图3A-3B示出图2A-2B所示IGRT系统，其中注释更清楚地描绘放射治疗头210的、有利地提供的若干自由度。 [0069] Figures 3A-3B illustrates the system shown in FIG IGRT 2A-2B, wherein annotations to more clearly depict several degrees of freedom radiotherapy head 210, is advantageously provided. 总而言之，放射治疗头210可以围绕中心轴214旋转(箭头302)，可以沿着纵向方向平移（箭头304)，可以围绕Ml轴枢转（箭头306)，可以围绕M2轴枢转（箭头308)，并且可以相对于中心轴214径向平移(箭头310)。 In summary, radiotherapy can head 210 rotating about the central axis 214 (arrow 302), may be translated (arrow 304) along the longitudinal direction, can be pivoted about the axis Ml (arrow 306) can pivot about the axis M2 (arrow 308), and with respect to the central axis 214 radial translation (arrow 310). 有利地，借助由这些自由度的组合提供的可能性，促成丰富多样的放射治疗递送计划。 Advantageously, with the possibilities offered by the combination of these degrees of freedom led to a variety of radiation therapy delivery plan. 同时，借助环形台架204的环式机械性质以及沿着臂207以某些台架角度形成的任何悬臂力矩比起常规C形臂悬臂力矩较为适度这一事实，提供高度机械稳定性。 At the same time, the mechanical properties by means of annular ring 204 of the gantry and along any cantilevered moment arm 207 is formed in some gantry angles than a conventional C-arm more appropriate moment cantilevers fact, for high mechanical stability. 此外，有利地为患者提供非幽闭恐惧症的、"户外"的感觉和体验。 In addition, it is advantageous to provide a non-claustrophobic patients, "outdoor" feeling and experience. 另外，如下文进一步描述，一种能力在于使得患者在（i)治疗前成像和/或摆位成像与(ii)包括治疗中的成像的治疗递送的时间之间保持完全静止。 Further, as described further below, such a capability is that the patient (i) treatment prior to imaging and / or placement imaging and (ii) a completely still held between the therapy delivery therapy time imaging.
[0070]图4示出所述环形台架结构200,所述环形台架结构使用一个或多个总线、网络或其它通信系统460(包括有线和/或无线通信系统)而被连接到计算机系统449和/或与所述计算机系统集成，而且能够与其结合以便实施一个或多个优选实施方案的方法。 [0070] FIG. 4 shows the annular frame structure 200, the annular frame structure using one or more buses, network or other communications system 460 (including wired and / or wireless communication system) is connected to the computer system 449 and / or integrated with the computer system, but also in connection with an embodiment of the method for one or more preferred embodiments. 根据一个或多个优选实施实施方案的图像引导放射治疗方法可以通过机器可读代码（即，软件或计算机程序产品）实施并且在计算机系统上执行，所述计算机系统如但不限于计算机系统449，其中包括微处理器452、随机存取存储器453以及非易失性存储器454 (例如，机电硬盘驱动器、固态驱动器)的中央处理单元(CPU)451会与各种输入/输出设备结合操作，所述输入/输出设备如显示监视器455、鼠标461、键盘463以及能够读出和写入来自机器可读媒体458的数据和指令的其它I/O设备456,所述机器可读媒体如磁带、光盘(CD)、数字通用光盘(DVD)、蓝光光盘(BD)等等。 The image guided radiation treatment with one or more preferred embodiments may be implemented by a machine-readable code (i.e., software or computer program product) implemented and executed on a computer system, the computer system such as computer system 449, but not limited to, wherein the central processing unit comprises a microprocessor 452, a random access memory 453 and a nonvolatile memory 454 (e.g., electromechanical hard drive, solid state drive) (CPU) 451 will be various input / output devices operating in conjunction with the the input / output devices such as a display monitor 455, a mouse 461, a keyboard 463, and can be machine read and write from other I / O devices 456 and data media readable instructions 458, the machine-readable media such as magnetic tape, optical disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), Blu-ray Disc (BD) and so on. 此外，可以存在经由一个或多个总线、网络或其它通信系统460 到其他计算机和设备的连接，如可以存在于此类设备的网络上的连接，所述网络例如，互联网459。 Further, there may be connected to other computers and devices via one or more buses, network or other communications system 460 to, as may be present on the network connecting such devices, a network such as the Internet 459. 用以控制本文中所述的图像引导放射治疗步骤的软件可实施为程序产品并且存储在有形存储设备上，所述有形存储设备如，机器可读媒体458、外部非易失性存储设备462或其它有形存储媒体。 For controlling the herein IGRT step may be implemented as software and program product stored on a tangible storage device, such as a tangible storage device, a machine-readable medium 458, the external storage device 462 or non-volatile other tangible storage media. 为了清楚呈现，以下进一步附图和/或描述中省略图4所示计算机系统449。 For clarity of presentation, the following further shown in the drawings and computer / or described system 449 is omitted in FIG. 4. 就本教导而言，本领域的技术人员将会清楚用于构造和编程计算机系统449以实现本文所述功能的方法。 To the present teachings, those skilled in the art and will be apparent for programming a computer system 449 configured to implement the methods described herein function.
[0071 ]图5A-®针对环形台架结构200相对于治疗拱室的不同纵向位置(x(l)、x(2)、x(3) 和x(4))示出图2A-4所示IGRT系统(参见上文）。 [0071] FIGS. 5A-® (x (l), x (2), x (3) and x (4)) is shown for an annular gantry structure 200 with different longitudinal positions for the treatment of arch chamber showing 2A-4 Suo IGRT illustrates system (see above). 如图所示，放射治疗头210与环形台架204之间的距离可以变化成不同的量(各自为dl、d2、d3和d4)，从而避免MLC 212与遮蔽结构220之间发生碰撞，和/或实现其它有利目的。 As shown, radiation therapy head 210 and the distance between the annular stage 204 can be changed into different amounts (each dl, d2, d3, and D4), in order to avoid collisions between the shielding structure 220 MLC 212, and / or achieve other advantageous purpose. 在根据一个优选实施方案的用于放射治疗递送的方法中，IGRT装置经过操作以便应用非共面放射治疗，包括围绕纵轴214将放射治疗头210旋转成多个不同台架角度，并且使包括环形台架204在内的环形台架结构200沿着纵轴214平移至多个不同纵向位置。 In the method of radiation therapy for the delivery of a preferred embodiment, through the operation device so as to apply IGRT non-coplanar radiation treatment, the radiation treatment head 214 comprises more than 210 different gantry angles to the rotation about the longitudinal axis, and the comprises an annular ring-shaped gantry structure 204 including a carriage 200 moves to a plurality of different longitudinal positions along the longitudinal axis 214 level. 在放射治疗期间的任何时间上，患者始终可以相对于治疗拱室保持静止并且无需进行移动。 At any time during radiation therapy, the patient is always relative to the treatment room arch remains stationary and does not need to move. 多个不同纵向位置包括环形台架平面219不与等中心(或一般而言，治疗中心)重合的许多位置，而且对于此类位置，放射治疗头210进行枢转以将治疗放射定向在所述环形台架平面219外并且朝着治疗中心，由此可以递送圆锥形非共面放射治疗和/或圆锥形螺旋式非共面放射治疗。 A plurality of different longitudinal positions including an annular gantry isocenter plane 219 does not (or in general, treatment center) coincides with a number of locations, but also for such a position, radiation treatment head 210 is pivoted to the orientation of the radiation treatment an outer ring 219 and the gantry plane towards the treatment center, whereby the cone may be delivered non-coplanar radiation therapy and / or conical helical non-coplanar radiation treatment. 在放射治疗递送期间，放射治疗头210也可进行枢转以将治疗放射定向成相对于所述纵轴214偏离中心定向，因为具体治疗计划、运动补偿等等可能需要如此。 During the delivery of radiation therapy, radiation therapy head 210 can be pivoted to direct treatment radiation with respect to the longitudinal axis 214 is oriented off center, because specific treatment programs, motion compensation and the like may require such.
[0072]图14A-14B示出可从图5A-5D所示IGRT装置的操作获得的非共面旋转弧形治疗剖面。 [0072] FIGS. 14A-14B shows the non-conjugated can be obtained from the operating IGRT device shown in FIG. 5A-5D treatment arcuate cross-sectional plane of rotation. 在本文中被引用为圆锥形非共面旋转弧形治疗的一个优选实施方案中，环形台架204 (并且因此，放射治疗头210)在离散步骤中纵向平移，其中每个步骤处环形台架204均会发生旋转。 As referenced herein is a preferred embodiment of a conical non-rotating arc coplanar treatment, the annular gantry 204 (and, therefore, radiation therapy head 210) translates longitudinally discrete steps, wherein each step of the annular gantry 204 will rotate. 能够以对应离散台架角度离散射出治疗放射线束，或者能够随着台架角度连续改变而来连续射出所述治疗放射线束，上述情况均在本教导范围内。 Can be discrete gantry angles corresponding discrete beam emitted radiation therapy, or can change continuously as the angle of gantry continuously emitted from the therapeutic radiation beam, the above are within the scope of the present teachings. 图14A示出用于圆锥形非共面旋转弧形治疗的所得递送剖面的截面视图，其中每个离散圆锥形状1-5对应放射治疗头210的不同平移步骤。 FIG 14A shows a cross-sectional view of a resulting rotation of the conical non-coplanar treatment delivery arcuate cross-section, wherein each discrete cone shape corresponding to 1-5 different radiotherapy head translating step 210. 在本文中被引用为圆锥形螺旋式非共面旋转弧形治疗的另一优选实施方案中，环形台架204(并且因此，放射治疗头210)随着环形台架204旋转而在纵向方向上连续平移。 Referenced conical helical another preferred embodiment of formula non-coplanar treatment arcuate rotation, the annular gantry 204 (and, therefore, radiation therapy head 210) with an annular rotating gantry 204 in the longitudinal direction herein consecutive translation. 能够以对应离散台架角度离散射出治疗放射线束(并且放射治疗头210相应地离散平移前进），或者随着台架角度连续改变而来连续射出所述治疗放射线束(并且对应地，放射治疗头8210连续平移前进），上述情况均在本教导范围内。 Can be discrete gantry angles corresponding discrete beam emitted radiation therapy (radiotherapy head 210 and a corresponding forward discrete translation), or as the gantry angle is continuously changed continuously emitted from the radiation treatment beam (and, correspondingly, the radiation treatment head 8210 continuous forward translation), the above are within the scope of the present teachings. 图14B示出用于圆锥形螺旋式非共面旋转弧形治疗的所得递送剖面的截面视图，所述圆锥形螺旋式非共面旋转弧形治疗与圆锥形非共面旋转弧形治疗跨越相同的圆锥形三维体积，但其并非采用连续或螺旋方式跨越。 14B shows a sectional view of a conical spiral arcuate rotation resulting non-coplanar treatment delivery section, said conical helically rotating non-coplanar treatment arcuate conical rotating non-coplanar arc across the same treatment conical three-dimensional volume, but it is not a continuous cross or spiral manner.
[0073]对于可被称为螺旋式非共面放射治疗递送、螺旋式非共面旋转弧形治疗或螺旋断层治疗，图5E-5G针对环形台架的多个不同纵向位置示出图2A-4所示IGRT装置的侧向剖切视图。 [0073] can be referred to the screw-type non-coplanar radiation treatment delivery, non-coplanar spiral or helical rotation arc fault therapeutic treatment, FIGS. 5E-5G illustrate a plurality of different longitudinal positions for the annular gantry showing 2A- 4 shows a lateral sectional view of the IGRT device. 图5E-5G所示实施例中提供的放射治疗递送可以实现与可商购自威斯康星州麦迪逊市TomoTherapy有限公司的HI-ART®治疗系统所提供的螺旋断层治疗相同或基本上相同的递送剖面，同时有利地消除移动患者的需要。 FIG. 5E-5G provided in the illustrated embodiment the radiation therapy delivery may be achieved with commercially available from the same or substantially the same spiral tomographic HI-ART® therapeutic system Madison, Wisconsin provided TomoTherapy Co. sectional therapeutic delivery while advantageously eliminates the need to move patients. 如图5E-5G所示，环形台架204被平移至其中环形台架平面219不与等中心(或一般而言，治疗中心)重合的不同纵向位置，然而在此类位置上，放射治疗头210并不枢转出所述环形台架平面219。 As shown, the annular rack 204 is translated to 5E-5G wherein the annular gantry isocenter plane 219 does not (or in general, treatment centers) in different longitudinal positions overlap, but in such a position, the radiotherapy head 210 does not pivot out of said plane annular gantry 219. 能够以对应离散台架角度离散射出治疗放射线束并且使得放射治疗头210相应地离散平移前进，或者能够随着台架角度连续改变而来连续射出所述治疗放射线束并且使得放射治疗头连续前进。 Can be discrete gantry angles corresponding discrete beam emitted from the therapeutic radiation such that the radiation therapy and correspondingly discrete pan head 210 proceeds, as the gantry angle or can be continuously changed from continuous radiation beam emitted from the treatment head and radiotherapy such continuous advance. 所得递送剖面(未示出）采用螺旋或螺线形状。 The resulting delivery profile (not shown) spiral or helical shape. 值得注意地是，本教导的任何IGRT系统当然也将能够递送共面放射治疗递送或共面弧形治疗，这种递送并不使用本文中所述的环形台架平移和/或环形台架倾斜能力。 Notably, any IGRT system according to the present teachings will be able to deliver a course of radiation treatment delivery coplanar or coplanar arc treatment, such delivery is not used herein, the annular gantry translation and / or tilt the gantry ring ability.
[0074]图6A-6D示出根据一个优选实施方案的IGRT系统，所述IGRT系统提供在患者保持完全静止的同时实现以下两者的能力：（a)使用高质量的3D成像设备来对靶组织体积进行治疗前成像和/或摆位成像和(b)通过放射治疗头来向靶组织体积递送放射治疗。 [0074] Figures 6A-6D illustrate a preferred embodiment IGRT system of embodiment, the system provides the ability to IGRT both achieved while the patient remains completely still: (a) using high-quality 3D image forming apparatus to the target treated tissue volume prior to imaging and / or image placement and (b) delivery to the target tissue volume by the radiation therapy radiation treatment head. 如图6A- 6D所示，IGRT系统的治疗拱室包括3D成像设备602(例如，CT、MRI)，所述3D成像设备与所述环形台架结构200分开，所述环形台架结构包含环形台架204和放射治疗头210 JD成像设备602可以沿着中心纵轴214单独并独立于环形台架结构200平移，如通过平移机构604平移。 As shown, the system IGRT treatment chamber 6D 6A- arch comprises a 3D imaging device 602 (e.g., CT, MRI), 200 separated from the 3D imaging device and the annular frame structure, said frame structure comprising an annular ring gantry 204 and radiation therapy head 210 JD image forming apparatus 602 along the central longitudinal axis 214 may be separate and independent of the ring structure translation stage 200, as translated by the translation mechanism 604. 环形台架结构200可以在其中所述环形台架结构纵向包围等中心的第一位置L1与远离所述等中心216的第二位置L2之间沿着中心纵轴214平移。 Stage annular structure 200 may translate along the central longitudinal axis 214 between a first position a second position L1 and L2 away from the isocenter 216 in the structure wherein the longitudinal annular frame surrounding the isocenter. 类似地，所述3D成像设备602可以在远离等中心的第三位置L3与纵向包围所述等中心的第四位置L4之间沿着所述中心纵轴214平移。 Similarly, the 3D imaging device 602 may be away from the third position L3 and the like, surrounding the longitudinal translation along the central longitudinal axis 214 between a fourth position of the isocenter L4. 对于治疗前成像和/或摆位成像，环形台架结构被移动开，同时3D成像设备获取治疗前图像和/或摆位图像(图6A-6B)，然而对于放射治疗递送，3D成像设备被移动开，以便允许安装在环形台架上的放射治疗头执行放射递送(图6C-6D)，上述情况均不需要平移、旋转或以其它方式移动患者。 For the pre-treatment imaging and / or placement imaging, an annular gantry structure is opened and moved, while the 3D image forming apparatus acquires pre-treatment images, and / or placement image (FIG. 6A-6B), whereas for radiation treatment delivery, a 3D imaging device is moved apart to permit installation performing radiation delivery (FIG. 6C-6D) in the radiotherapy of head gantry ring, none of these situations need to translate, rotate, or otherwise move the patient. 技术人员将了解，可以使用各种不同机械平移方案和安装方案中的任意方案来实现3D成像设备的平移功能(例如，顶板轨道、壁轨道、底板轨道等等）。 In the art will appreciate, various schemes may be any scheme, and installation of mechanical translation schemes effect translation of the function to 3D imaging apparatus (e.g., roof rails, track wall, floor rails, etc.).
[0075]图7示出在尤其用于某些头颅治疗的任选操作模式下使用所谓的"躺椅摆动"（改变患者躺椅222相对于纵轴214的角度）。 [0075] FIG. 7 shows a particular use for the treatment of head certain optional modes of operation of the so-called "recliner wobble" (changing the angle of the patient with respect to the longitudinal axis recliner 222 214). 有利地，各种各样的取向和构造均可用于以各种攻角来将放射线束定向到头部之中。 Advantageously, a variety of orientations and configurations may be used at various angles of attack to the radiation beam is directed into the head.
[0076]图8A示出图2B所示环形台架结构200(参见上文）的相同侧向截面视图，然而图8B 示出环形台架结构200的俯视截面视图（即，从治疗拱室顶板观察到的截面视图）。 [0076] FIG. 8A shows (see above) is a lateral sectional view of the same as shown in FIG. 2B annular frame structure 200, however, FIG. 8B illustrates a top cross-sectional view of the annular gantry structure 200 (i.e., from the treatment chamber roof arch observed cross-sectional view). 图8A所示优选实施方案中包括的是第一kV成像系统S1/D1，所述第一kV成像系统被安装在环形台架204上并且因此可以随之旋转并且平移。 Preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 8A is a first embodiment comprises an imaging system kV S1 / D1, the first kV imaging system is mounted on an annular gantry and 204 for rotation therewith and thus can translate. 值得注意地是，如果平移环形台架结构200以使环形台架平面远离等中心216,那么第一kV成像系统S1/D1将会同样不再朝着在等中心216处成像定向。 Notably, if the translation stage ring structures 200 such that an annular gantry isocenter 216 away from the plane, the first imaging system kV S1 / D1 will not be the same image directed toward the center 216 and the like.
[0077]图9A-9C和图10示出根据替代优选实施方案的IGRT系统，其中在等中心216处的治疗中的成像仍然可以实现，即使环形台架平面219被定位成偏离等中心也是如此。 [0077] Figures 9A-9C and FIG. 10 shows a IGRT system alternative preferred embodiment, wherein the treatment at the isocenter 216 of the imaging can still be achieved, even if the annular gantry plane 219 is positioned offset from the isocenter is true . 提供包括第二成像源S2和第二成像检测器D2的第二kV成像系统D2/S2。 Providing a second imaging kV imaging system includes a source S2 and a second detector D2 of the second imaging D2 / S2. 第二kV成像系统D2/S2被构造成在等中心216处成像并且使用固定成像底座952和954而相对于治疗拱室固定。 The second imaging system kV D2 / S2 216 is configured using an imaging isocenter 952 and 954 fixed to the imaging base with respect to the treatment chamber fixed arch. 如图9C所示，在纵向移动环形台架结构200以将环形台架平面219从横向等中心平面217中移除时，第二kV成像系统D2/S2可以"接管"第一kV成像系统D1/S1，以便提供所需治疗中图像信息。 9C, when the longitudinal movement of the annular gantry structure 200 to an annular flat stage 219 is removed from the transverse central plane 217, etc., the second imaging system kV D2 / S2 can "take over" the first imaging system kV D1 / S1, image information so as to provide the desired treatment. 在替代优选实施方案中，第二kV成像系统S2/D2可以相对于治疗拱室在纵向方向上独立于环形台架结构200移动。 In an alternative preferred embodiment, the second kV imaging system S2 / D2 with respect to the treatment chamber to move independently of the arch annular frame structure 200 in the longitudinal direction. 如图10所示另一优选实施方案中所示，第二kV成像系统可以采用任何各种不同构造，如使用安装在固定垫子952a/952b上的双源阵列S2a/S2b和安装在固定垫子954a/954b上的双探测器阵列D2a/D2b，上述阵列采用立体构造。 Another preferred embodiment shown in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the second kV imaging system may employ any of a variety of different configurations, such as using the dual source array mounted on a fixed S2a mat 952a / 952b / S2b and mounted on a stationary pad 954a dual detector array on D2a / 954b / D2b, using the above-described three-dimensional array. 在替代优选实施方案中，第二kV成像系统可以相对于治疗拱室以任何各种不同方式移动，同时保持与环形台架结构200的纵向移动断开连接，以便获得用于在等中心216处进行治疗中的成像的更好构造。 In an alternative preferred embodiment, the second kV imaging system may be moved with respect to the treatment chamber arches in any of a variety of different ways, while maintaining the longitudinal movement of the stage with the annular structure 200 is disconnected, so as to obtain a central waiting at 216 treatment in better structural imaging. [0078]图11A-11C示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置的侧向剖切视图，所述IGRT装置包括环形台架，所述环形台架围绕水平倾斜轴以不同的对应倾斜角度倾斜。 [0078] Figures 11A-11C illustrates a cutaway side IGRT device according to a preferred embodiment of a view, said means comprising an annular IGRT stage, the annular gantry tilt axis corresponds to a different tilt angle about the horizontal. IGRT装置1100包括环形台架结构1102,所述环形台架结构包括环形台架1104。 IGRT device 1100 includes an annular gantry structure 1102, the structure comprises an annular ring gantry stage 1104. 环形台架结构1102和环形台架1104连接，以使得它们可以一起倾斜(和/或平移），并且因此，这种倾斜(和/或平移)在下文中被描述成仅仅用于所述环形台架，应理解，环形台架结构1102将会随着环形台架1104 如此倾斜(和/或平移）。 An annular ring-shaped gantry structure 1102 and stage 1104 are connected, so that they can be tilted together (and / or translation), and therefore, this inclination (and / or translation) is used only as described hereinafter in the annular stage , it should be understood that the annular structure 1102 will stand as the annular stage 1104 is inclined (and / or translated). 环形台架1104具有中心开口，所述中心开口大到足以容纳患者身体，所述患者身体沿着纵轴1114定位并且延伸穿过所述中心开口。 1104 gantry ring having a central opening, said central opening large enough to accommodate a patient's body, the body is positioned along a longitudinal axis 1114 and extends through the central opening of the patient. 提供台架倾斜机构1170/ 1172,所述台架倾斜机构被构造成使得环形台架1104围绕水平倾斜轴1177相对于纵轴1114 倾斜成多个不同倾斜角度。 Providing gantry tilt mechanism 1170/1172, the stage tilt mechanism is configured such that an annular gantry about a horizontal tilt axis 1104 1177 1114 with respect to the longitudinal axis inclined into a plurality of different angles of inclination. 所述环形台架1104界定环形台架平面1119。 The annular frame 1104 defines an annular gantry plane 1119. 放射治疗头1110被连接到环形台架1104并且可以围绕环形台架平面1119的中心旋转至少180度弧度并且优选地旋转360°弧度。 Radiation therapy head 1110 is connected to the annular stage 1104 and can be rotated at least 180 degree arc about the central plane of the gantry ring 1119 and preferably 360 ° arc of rotation. 放射治疗头1110被机械连接到所述环形台架，以使得可以动态控制所述放射治疗头相对于所述环形台架朝着所述中心开口向内延伸的距离"d"，其中对于图11A所示倾斜而言，距离"d"为dl，对于图11B所示倾斜而言，距离"d"为d2,并且对于图11C所示倾斜而言，距离"d"为d3。 Radiation therapy head 1110 is mechanically connected to the annular gantry, so that the radiation treatment can be dynamically controlled relative to the annular head gantry extending inwardly toward said central opening distance "d", wherein FIG. 11A for for inclined, the distance "d" is dl, and FIG terms inclined FIG. 11B, the distance "d" is d2, and for the inclination shown in FIG. 11C, the distance "d" is d3. 机械连接可以基于(例如)使用被连接到环形台架1104的底座1106的伸缩臂1107。 Mechanical connection may be based on (for example) is connected to the annular using stand mount 1104 1106 1107 telescopic arm. 优选地，放射治疗头1110被连接到伸缩臂1107的方式为允许围绕多个枢转轴枢转，以使得治疗放射可以相对于纵轴1114偏离中心定向和/或相对于环形台架平面1119 被定向在平面外。 Preferably, radiation therapy head 1110 is connected to the embodiment of the telescopic arm 1107 to allow around multiple pivot axis, so that the treatment radiation 1114 may be off-center relative to the longitudinal orientation and / or an annular gantry plane is oriented with respect to 1119 out of plane.
[0079]技术人员将了解，图11A-11C的IGRT系统1100进一步包括多个各种类型的致动器(未示出），用以实现本发明中的上述和下述机械功能。 [0079] in the art will appreciate, FIG. 11A-11C IGRT system 1100 further comprises a plurality of various types of actuators (not shown), to achieve the above and the following mechanical functions of the present invention. 例如，台架倾斜机构1170/1172包括可升高的、可降低的并且可平移的底板枢转结构1170,这种底板枢轴结构被构造成与可升高的、可降低的并且可平移的顶板枢转结构1172-致操作，以便围绕水平倾斜轴1177实现所述倾斜功能。 For example, 1170/1172 gantry tilt mechanism comprises a raisable, lowerable and translatable pivot plate pivoting structure 1170, such a floor structure is configured to pivot with raisable, lowerable and translatable roof structure 1172- pivot actuator operation, so as to tilt about a horizontal axis 1177 implementing the tilting function. 所述IGRT系统进一步包括一个或多个处理和/或控制单元，如可以实施在一个或多个可编程计算机上的处理和/或控制单元，用以控制各种致动器并且根据需要来将信号发送到各种列举出的放射源和检测器并从所述放射源和所述检测器发送信号，从而实现本教导中的上述和下述功能。 IGRT The system further comprises one or more processing and / or control unit, as may be implemented on one or more programmable computer processing and / or control unit for controlling various actuators according to need and the signal to include a variety of radiation sources and the transmission signals from the detector and the radiation source and the detector, thereby achieving the present teaching functions described above and below. 就本教导而言，本领域的技术人员将能构造此类致动设备、 处理和/或控制单元、可编程计算机等等，并且将能操作所述IGRT系统而不进行过度实验。 To the present teachings, those skilled in the art will be configured such actuation device, processing and / or control unit, a programmable computer, etc., and will be able to operate the system without undue experimentation IGRT. [0080]图12A-12C示出在针对所述IGRT装置的每个对应环形台架倾斜角度从环形台架平面1119观察时图11A-11C所示IGRT装置的面内剖切视图。 [0080] Figures 12A-12C illustrates a cutaway view of the inner surface of the IGRT device shown in FIG. 11A-11C at the viewing plane 1119 from the annular ring corresponding to the carriage for each gantry angle of inclination of the IGRT device. 图12A-12C中各自包括的是处于两个不同台架角度的放射治疗头1110的视图，用以示出放射治疗头1110相对于环形台架1104 的优选动态向内内/向外定位控制。 Figures 12A-12C are views included in each in two different gantry angles of the radiotherapy head 1110 to 1110 shows the radiation treatment head relative to the inner frame 1104 is preferably annular dynamic inward / outward positioning control. 根据优选实施方案，在放射治疗头1110通过多个台架角度旋转时所述放射治疗头1110从环形台架1104向内延伸的距离"d"可以得到动态控制，这样所述放射治疗头1110邻近地维持在围绕并且沿着纵轴1114延伸的预先界定的圆柱形缓冲区1118("禁飞区"）外。 According to a preferred embodiment, the radiotherapy head 1110 from a plurality of gantry rotation angles of the radiotherapy head 1110 extending inwardly from the annular shelf 1104 "d" can be dynamically controlled, such that the head 1110 adjacent the radiotherapy and maintained at about the predefined extending along the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical buffer 1114 1118 ( "Zone") outside. 如图12A和图12C所示，当环形台架1104相对于纵轴1114倾斜成偏离法线的倾斜角度时，放射治疗头1110在台架平面内的轨迹是椭圆形的（各自参见椭圆eA 和eC)，以便维持处于圆柱形缓冲区1118上或只在所述圆柱形缓冲区外。 12A and 12C, when the annular frame 1104 with respect to the longitudinal axis 1114 is inclined at an oblique angle from the normal, the radiation treatment head trajectory 1110 in the gantry plane is oval (see the respective ellipse and eA eC), in order to maintain the outer cylindrical buffer 1118 or only the cylindrical buffer. 对于其中提供中心孔洞遮盖的实施方案(未示出），圆柱形缓冲区1118与所述中心孔洞遮盖的外部尺寸对应。 Wherein a central hole for covering embodiment (not shown), a cylindrical buffer 1118 corresponding to the external dimensions of the central hole cover. 在一个优选实施方案中，IGRT系统1100被构造成在实现至少30度的环形台架倾斜角度的同时维持合适尺寸的圆柱形缓冲区1118。 In a preferred embodiment, IGRT system 1100 is configured to maintain the appropriate size while the inclination angle of the gantry ring to achieve at least 30 degrees cylindrical buffer 1118. 在另一优选实施方案中，IGRT系统1100被构造成在实现至少45度的环形台架倾斜角度的同时维持合适尺寸的圆柱形缓冲区1118,并且在又一优选实施方案中，被构造成在实现至少60度的环形台架倾斜角度的同时维持合适尺寸的圆柱形缓冲区1118。 In another preferred embodiment, IGRT system 1100 is configured to maintain the appropriate size while the inclination angle of the gantry ring to achieve at least 45 degrees cylindrical buffer 1118, and in a further preferred embodiment, is configured to Meanwhile annular gantry tilt angle to achieve at least 60 degrees to maintain a suitable size cylindrical buffer 1118.
[00811 值得注意地是，尽管US07188999B2论述的一种建议能够至少部分解决在弧形导轨相对于纵轴偏离法线倾斜时围绕患者维持某种禁飞区域的问题，但这个建议是将包括整个弧形导轨在内的整个台架结构致动地升高到治疗室上方的不同高度。 [00811 notably, although discussed US07188999B2 One proposed solution capable of at least partially arcuate guide rail to maintain a certain problem fly zones around the patient when the longitudinal axis is inclined from the normal, but this proposal is to include the entire arc the entire gantry structure shaped rail including actuation raised to different heights above the treatment chamber. 在与图11A-11C和图13A-13C的优选实施方案比较时，除了要求机械致动包括弧形导轨和LINAC的组合重量在内的极重负载之外，并且除了在US07188999B2的台架升高建议的上下文中弧形导轨仅是半圆形的以便限制LINAC到升高的和降低的半球的某些部分的可能定位之外，还有关于LINAC定位的允许范围的实际限制。 At-11C 11A and compared with the preferred embodiment of FIG. 13A-13C, except claim comprising a mechanical actuator and the arcuate rail of the combined weight of the LINAC including addition of very heavy loads, and in addition elevated gantry US07188999B2 recommendations context only semicircular arcuate guide so as to limit the possible locating certain sections LINAC elevated and lowered hemisphere, there are practical limits on the positioning of the LINAC allowable range.
[0082]水平倾斜轴1177通常是与纵轴1114垂直。 [0082] The generally horizontal tilt axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 1177 1114. 对于一个优选实施方案，如图11A-11C所示，纵轴1114穿过等中心1116(或一般而言，治疗中心）。 For a preferred embodiment, shown in FIG. 11A-11C, the vertical axis passing through the isocenter 1114 1116 (or in general, treatment centers). 对于一个优选实施方案，台架倾斜机构1170/1172可以被构造成同样用作能够在纵轴的方向上平移整个环形台架1104的台架平移机构。 For a preferred embodiment, gantry tilt mechanism 1170/1172 may be configured to be able to translate the same as the entire annular gantry carriage translation mechanism 1104 in the direction of the longitudinal axis. 对于这种情况，水平倾斜轴1177同样可在纵向方向上相应移动。 In this case, the horizontal tilt axis 1177 can accordingly move in the same longitudinal direction.
[0083] 还结合图11A-11C所示IGRT系统1100以及结合图13A-13C所示IGRT系统1300(参见下文)提供了类似图8A-10示出和就图2A-5G的IGRT系统描述的一个或多个kV成像系统，这种描述在此不必重复。 [0083] Also in conjunction with FIG IGRT system 1100 and system 1300 in conjunction with FIG IGRT (see below) 11A-11C shown in FIG. 13A-13C provides a similar shown in FIG. 8A-10 are shown and described with respect to FIGS. 2A-5G IGRT system of a kV or more imaging systems, such description need not be repeated here. 此外，对于其中环形台架1104/1304可以沿着纵轴1114/1314的方向纵向平移的优选实施方案，治疗拱室也可以配备有可以沿着纵轴单独并独立于环形台架结构平移的可独立平移的3D成像设备和单独3D成像设备(例如，CT、MRI)，以便以类似图6A-6D 示出并且在图2A-5G所示IGRT系统的上下文中描述的方式类似的方式提供在保持患者完全静止的同时实现(i)治疗前成像和/或摆位成像和（ii)递送放射治疗两者的能力，这种描述在此不必重复。 Furthermore, for the preferred embodiment wherein the annular gantry 1104/1304 can translate longitudinally along the longitudinal axis of 1114/1314, the treatment chamber may be provided with arches may be separately and independently of the ring-shaped gantry structure may be translated along the longitudinal axis independent translation of separate 3D and 3D imaging apparatus imaging apparatus (e.g., CT, MRI), so as to be similar to Figures 6A-6D similar manner as shown and described in the context IGRT system illustrated in FIG. 2A-5G manner provided in the holding patient while achieving a perfectly still (i) treatment prior to imaging and / or placement imaging and (ii) the ability of both the delivery of radiation therapy, such description need not be repeated here.
[0084] 13A-13C示出根据优选实施方案的IGRT装置1300的俯视剖切视图，所述IGRT装置1300具有与图11所示IGRT装置1100(参见上文)类似的能力，不同之处在于环形台架可以围绕垂直轴而非水平轴倾斜。 [0084] 13A-13C shows a top cut-away view of a preferred embodiment of the IGRT device 1300, the device 1300 has IGRT IGRT device 1100 shown in Figure 11 (see above) in a similar capacity, except that the annular about a vertical axis gantry may be inclined instead of horizontal axis. IGRT装置1300包括环形台架结构1302,所述环形台架结构包括环形台架1304,所述环形台架包括中心开口，所述中心开口大到足以容纳患者身体，所述患者身体沿着纵轴1314定位并且延伸穿过所述中心开口。 IGRT device 1300 includes a ring 1302 gantry structure, said structure comprising an annular ring-shaped gantry stage 1304, the annular frame includes a central opening, said central opening large enough to accommodate a patient's body, the patient's body along the longitudinal axis Location 1314 and extends through the central opening. 提供台架倾斜机构(未示出），所述台架倾斜机构被构造成使得环形台架1304围绕垂直倾斜轴1377相对于纵轴1114倾斜成多个不同倾斜角度。 Providing gantry tilt mechanism (not shown), the gantry tilt mechanism is configured such that an annular gantry 13041377 1114 with respect to the longitudinal axis inclined into a plurality of different angles of inclination around a vertical tilting axis. 与图11A-11C的优选实施方案类似，放射治疗头1310被连接到环形台架1304并且可以围绕环形台架平面1319的中心旋转，并且被机械连接到环形台架1304,以使得可以动态控制所述放射治疗头相对于所述环形台架朝着所述中心开口向内延伸的距离"d"，其中对于图13A所示倾斜而言，距离"d"为dl，对于图13B所示倾斜而言，距离"d"为d2， 并且对于图13C所示倾斜而言，距离"d"为d3。 Similar to the preferred embodiment of FIGS. 11A-11C, radiation therapy head 1310 is connected to the annular stage 1304 and can be rotated about the center of the gantry plane 1319 of the annular, and is mechanically connected to the annular holder 1304, so that can be dynamically controlled by radiotherapy said head relative to said annular stage toward the central opening extends inwardly a distance "d", which for purposes of FIG. 13A is inclined, the distance "d" is dl, and the inclination shown in FIG. 13B words, the distance "d" is d2, and for the inclination shown in FIG. 13C, the distance "d" is d3. 机械连接可以基于(例如)使用被连接到环形台架1304的底座1306的伸缩臂1307。 Mechanical connection may be based on (for example) is connected to the annular using stand mount 1304 1306 1307 telescopic arm. 优选地，放射治疗头1310被连接到伸缩臂1307的方式为允许围绕多个枢转轴枢转，以使得治疗放射可以相对于纵轴1314偏离中心定向和/或相对于环形台架平面1319被定向在平面外。 Preferably, radiation therapy head 1310 is connected to the telescopic arm embodiment about 1307 to allow a plurality of pivot axis, so that the treatment radiation 1314 may be off-center relative to the longitudinal orientation and / or an annular gantry plane is oriented with respect to 1319 out of plane. 垂直倾斜轴1377通常是与纵轴1314垂直。 Vertical tilt axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 1377 is typically 1314. 对于一个优选实施方案，如图13A-11C所示，纵轴1314穿过等中心1316 (或一般而言，治疗中心）。 For a preferred embodiment, shown in FIG. 13A-11C, the vertical axis passing through the isocenter 1314 1316 (or in general, treatment centers). 对于一个优选实施方案，台架倾斜机构(未示出）可以被构造成同样用作能够在纵轴的方向上平移整个环形台架1304的台架平移机构，并且对于此种情况，垂直倾斜轴1377同样可以在纵轴方向上相应移动。 For a preferred embodiment, gantry tilt mechanism (not shown) may be configured the same as the entire annular translatable carriage translation mechanism carriage 1304 in the direction of the longitudinal axis, and for this case, vertical tilt axis 1377 can also corresponding movement in the longitudinal direction.
[0085] 一种基于IGRT系统1100 (水平倾斜)或1300 (垂直倾斜）的针对患者身体部分进行图像引导放射治疗的方法可以如下进行。 [0085] A system based IGRT 1100 (horizontal inclination) or 1300 (vertical tilt) of the patient's body part for an image-guided radiation therapy method can be performed as follows. 沿着IGRT装置1100/1300的纵轴1114/1314定位患者。 IGRT device along the longitudinal axis 1114/1314 1100/1300 positioning the patient. 所述IGRT装置在治疗分次期间经过操作以便将非共面放射治疗应用到所述身体部分， 所述操作包括将放射治疗头1110/1310旋转到多个不同台架角度，所述操作进一步包括使得环形台架1104/1304相对于纵轴1114/1314倾斜成多个不同倾斜角度。 IGRT device during the treatment fractions through the operation to the non-coplanar radiation treatment is applied to the body portion, said operating head comprises radiotherapy 1110/1310 rotated to a plurality of different gantry angles, the operations further comprising such that the annular gantry 1104/1304 1114/1314 longitudinal axis inclined with respect to a plurality of different angles of inclination. 对于环形台架1104/1304的任何具体非垂直倾斜角度，在放射治疗头1110/1310通过不同台架角度旋转时，所述放射治疗头1110/1310向内延伸的距离可以得到动态控制，这样所述放射治疗头1110/1310邻近地维持沿着纵轴围绕患者延伸的预先界定的圆柱形缓冲区1118/1318外。 For any particular stage annular non-perpendicular angle of inclination of 1104/1304, when the head is rotated by radiotherapy different gantry angles 1110/1310, 1110/1310 from the radiotherapy inwardly extending head can be dynamically controlled, such as He said radiation treatment head is maintained adjacent the predefined 1110/1310 extends around the patient along the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical outer buffer 1118/1318. [0086]预先界定的圆柱形缓冲区1118/1318可为圆柱形、椭圆柱形，或可替代地，可以围绕患者提供缓冲区，所述缓冲区具有各种不同形状，包括根据沿着纵轴的距离改变的形状。 [0086] predefined 1118/1318 cylindrical buffer may be cylindrical, elliptic cylindrical, or alternatively, the patient may be provided around the buffer, the buffer having a variety of shapes, including along the longitudinal axis in accordance with the distance change shape. 任选地，放射治疗头1110/1310可以围绕至少两个枢转轴进行枢转，以使得治疗放射可以被定向在环形台架平面1119/1319外或相对于纵轴1114/1314偏离中心定向，因为具体治疗计划、运动补偿等等可能需要如此。 Optionally, the radiation therapy head 1110/1310 can pivot about at least two pivot axis, so that the treatment radiation can be directed annular outer gantry plane 1119/1319 1114/1314 or off-center relative to the longitudinal orientation, because specific treatment plan, motion compensation, etc. may be required so.
[0087]图15A-15B示出使用图11A-11C所示IGRT系统1100的非共面放射治疗递送的实施例，而图16A-16B示出使用图13A-13C所示IGRT系统1300的非共面放射治疗递送的实施例。 [0087] FIGS. 15A-15B shows a diagram of an embodiment shown in FIG. 11A-11C IGRT system 1100 non-coplanar radiation treatment delivery, and FIG. 16A-16B shows the use of the system shown in FIG. 13A-13C IGRT nonconjugated 1300 Radiation treatment delivery surface of embodiment examples. 为了实现图15A和图16A中的剖面，台架角度通过针对离散环形台架角度(各自针对图15A和图16A的水平倾斜角度和垂直倾斜角度)进行一个完整旋转而来致动（以离散步骤致动或连续致动）。 To achieve cross-sectional view of FIG. 16A and 15A, through the gantry angle (for each vertical and horizontal tilt angle tilt angle 15A and FIG. 16A) of one full rotation from the ring of discrete gantry angles actuated (in discrete steps continuous actuation or actuation). 为了实现图15A和图16A中的剖面，随着台架角度通过连续旋转而被致动（以离散步骤致动或连续致动），倾斜角度逐渐变化(以离散步骤变化或连续变化）。 To achieve cross-sectional view in FIG. 16A and 15A, as by the continuous rotation of gantry angles is actuated (actuation in discrete steps or continuously actuated), the tilt angle gradually changes (changes in discrete steps or continuously change).
[0088] 一般来说，可以使用当前公开的一个或多个IGRT系统适应丰富多样的放射治疗剖面和策略。 [0088] In general, you can use one or more of the presently disclosed IGRT system to adapt to a variety of radiation therapy profile and strategy. 此类可能性包括但不限于:带有矩形场成形和1D(使用MLC的楔形或虚拟楔形)强度调制的单个或平行相对静态线束；带有矩形场成形和1D调制的静态线束；带有矩形场成形和1D调制的共面旋转治疗（"弧形治疗"带有不规则场成形和1D调制的共面或非共面线束（"适形放射治疗"，即CRT);带有不规则场成形和2D调制的共面或非共面线束（"强度调制放射治疗"，即IMRT);以及使用与躺椅移动和2D调制组合的窄线束进行共面旋转的断层治疗（螺旋或顺序）。此类可能性进一步包括旋转弧形治疗，其也称为强度调制弧形治疗(IMAT)，这种治疗包括一个或多个共面旋转、不规则场成形以及2D调制，其中台架旋转速度、剂量速率、MLC位置以及在某些情况下的准直器角度在旋转期间变化，并且这种治疗包括多次旋转，以便就治疗期间关于MLC运动的实际限制而言增加可达到的强度调制 Such possibilities include but are not limited to: a single or parallel with a rectangular shaped field and 1D (the MLC virtual wedge or wedge) relative to the intensity modulation static harness; static harness with a rectangular shaped field of modulation and 1D; rectangular with 1D field shaping and modulation coplanar rotational treatment ( "treatment arc" field with irregularly shaped and non-coplanar 1D modulation coplanar harness ( "conformal radiotherapy", i.e., the CRT); with an irregular field forming and non-coplanar 2D modulation coplanar harness ( "intensity modulated radiotherapy", i.e. of IMRT); and using a mobile lounge chairs and harnesses narrow modulation combined 2D tomographic treatment coplanar rotating (spiral or sequential) thereto. further comprising an arcuate rotary type therapeutic possibilities, which are also referred to as intensity modulated arc therapy (IMAT), which treatment comprises rotating one or more co-planar, 2D and irregularly shaped field modulation, wherein the rotational speed of the gantry, the dose rate, MLC position, and collimator angle in some cases during rotation changes, and such treatment comprises rotating a plurality of times, in order to treat a practical limit on the increase in terms of MLC motion during the intensity modulation can be achieved 程度。 [0089]根据另一优选的实施方案提供一种IGRT系统（未示出），所述IGRT系统类似图2A- 3B所示系统，包括放射治疗头，所述放射治疗头可移动地连接到圆形环形台架的方式为允许朝着中心纵轴延伸并且远离中心纵轴收缩(参见图3B所示箭头310)，例如通过伸缩臂连接延伸并且收缩，但其中省略环形台架的X轴平移能力。尽管由于缺乏纵向平移能力而比图2A-3B所示优选实施方案用途略少，但此类设备实现起来将会更为简单并且更为便宜，同时还由于放射治疗头相对于环形台架外周的可延伸性和可收缩性而提供优于已知现有技术环形台架系统的若干优点。例如，放射治疗头将能够横越任何各种不同圆形和非圆形轨迹， 以便实现任何各种不同目标。调整源轴距离（SAD)的能力允许实现的优点在于能够调节放射治疗场大小，所述放射治疗场大小与距离以及靶位 Degree. [0089] IGRT is provided a system according to another preferred embodiment (not shown), the system shown in FIG. 2A- 3B is similar to FIG IGRT system, comprising a first radiation treatment, the radiation treatment head movably connected manner to the circular annular gantry to allow a central longitudinal axis extending towards and away from the central longitudinal shrinkage (see arrow 310 in FIG. 3B), for example by a telescopic arm extension and contraction, but omitting the annular gantry in the X axis translation capability. despite the lack of longitudinal translation capacity than that shown in FIGS. 2A-3B slightly less preferred embodiment of the use, but such a device would be easier to implement and less expensive, and also since the radiation treatment head relative to the annular an outer periphery of the frame extensibility and shrinkability provide several advantages over known prior art systems of the gantry ring. for example, radiation therapy head will be able to traverse any of a variety of circular and non-circular trajectory, in order to achieve any various objectives. the ability to adjust the source-axis distance (SAD) allows advantage achieved is that the size can be adjusted field radiation therapy, the radiation therapy field size and target distance 处的有效剂量速率(按MU/分钟计） 成比例地变化。关于场大小，通常在通过准直所能得到多小的场大小方面存在实际限制，并且用于形成更小SAD的能力可以帮助减轻这种困难。例如，在某些实际情景中，会发现难以在800mm的SAD处实现小于5mm的场大小(例如，由于极难测量如用于此类场大小的轮廓和输出因素等小场剂量参数，因此难以调试）。然而，通过可变SAD，系统即可通过在800_ SAD处为5mm的准直器调试，并且随后对于希望4mm的较小场大小的治疗疗程，SAD可以变为640mm， 以便实现所希望的场大小（5mm X 640/800 = 4mm)。这可以在治疗小革El(例如，三叉神经根， 其在治疗三叉神经痛时作为靶)时使用。 At the effective dose rate (in MU / minutes) varies in proportion to regard the size of the field, usually in a straight practical limitations can get multiple small field size aspect, and a smaller capacity can help SAD for forming quasi alleviate this difficulty. for example, in some practical scenarios, may find it difficult to achieve less than 5mm size field (e.g., due to the extremely difficult to measure such factors as the field profile and an output for other small-sized field of the SAD at 800mm dose parameter, it is difficult to debug). However, by the variable the SAD, the system can 800_ SAD by the collimator to debug 5mm, 4mm and then the desired course of treatment for a smaller field size, the SAD may become 640mm in order to achieve the desired field size (5mm X 640/800 = 4mm). this may be used in the treatment of small leather El (e.g., trigeminal nerve root, as a target in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia). 相反，在希望场大小大于相对小的MLC(例如，10cm X 12cm MLC)所能提供的场大小时，这可以通过使放射治疗头移动得更远来实现。 In contrast, when the desired field size is greater than a relatively small MLC (e.g., 10cm X 12cm MLC) can provide a field size, which can be moved farther be achieved by radiation therapy head. 使得SAD 可致动地变化的能力也可适应用于肥胖患者或用于适于瘦弱患者。 Such that the ability to vary actuatable SAD may also be adapted for use in obese patients or patients with a suitable thin. 在台架旋转期间使得SAD动态地变化的能力也可有利地适应用于"躺椅摆动"或其中患者身体不垂直于环形台架平面的其它取向，对于这种情况，椭圆形的轨道或其它非圆形的轨道可以针对基于台架的系统有利地允许此类取向的可能性并且允许各种额外的相关非共面递送角度。 During rotation of the gantry so that the ability to change dynamically SAD may also be advantageously adapted for the "swing recliner" or a patient's body wherein the alignment ring is not perpendicular to the other plane of the stage, in this case, elliptical or other non-rail circular tracks can advantageously allow for the possibility of such alignment gantry-based systems and allows a variety of additional non-coplanar associated delivery angle.
[0090]虽然对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，阅读以上描述之后，本发明的许多更改和修改无疑将会变得清楚，但应理解，借助图示所示出和描述的具体实施方案决不意图被视为限制性的。 [0090] Although those of ordinary skill in the art, after reading the description above, many changes and modifications of the invention will no doubt become apparent, it is to be understood that the particular embodiments shown and described embodiment illustrated by decision It is not intended to be considered limiting. 借助实施例，应理解，虽然在台架旋转时（或连续旋转或以离散步骤旋转），对放射治疗头向内/向外延伸的动态控制事实上在控制是在治疗分次期间应用的情况下尤为有利，但对放射治疗头的动态控制不限于此，并且因此，在一些优选实施方案中，这种动态控制可以仅仅应用一次(例如，在治疗传输之前，或在台架开始旋转和/或线束激活之前的治疗分次中的一个分次期间应用，以便例如适应肥胖患者)而仍在本教导的范围内，并且同时仍然构成如本文中所用的术语动态控制。 By way of example, it should be understood that, although the rotation of the gantry (or continuous rotation or rotation in discrete steps), radiotherapy head inwardly / outwardly extending dynamic control is actually applied during the control treatment fractions case under particularly advantageous, but the dynamic control of the radiotherapy head is not limited thereto, and thus, in some preferred embodiments, the dynamic control may be applied only once (e.g., transfer prior to treatment, or start rotating gantry and / applied during fractionated treatment or strands prior to activation of a graded, for example to accommodate an obese patient) while still within the scope of the present teachings, and while still configured to dynamically control the term as used herein. 通过进一步的实施例，尽管上文描述了其中治疗中的成像源不同于治疗放射源的一个或多个优选实施方案，但在其它优选实施方案中成像系统可被提供作为入口成像系统，其中成像检测器相对于等中心而与治疗放射源相对设置。 By way of further examples, although it is described above wherein the imaging source is different from the treatment of one or more preferred embodiments of the treatment radiation source, but in other preferred embodiments the imaging system may be provided as an inlet of the imaging system, wherein the imaging detector with respect to the isocenter with the treatment radiation source disposed opposite.
[0091]借助进一步的实施例，虽然台架角度变化在一个或多个优选实施例(参见上文)被描述为通过旋转环形台架本身而实现，由此放射治疗头借助其通过固定机械底座到环形台架的连接进行旋转，但所述优选实施方案的范围不限于此。 [0091] by means of a further embodiment, although the gantry angle change in one or more preferred embodiments (see above) is described as being achieved by rotation of the ring itself, stage, whereby by means of radiation therapy head fixing base frame connected to an annular rotating gantry, although the scope of the preferred embodiments is not limited thereto. 例如，替代地提供非旋转环形台架并不超出本发明的范围，其中台架角度通过底座机械平移来变化，所述底座保持放射治疗头围绕环形台架的圆周。 For example, instead of providing a non-rotating annular gantry without departing from the scope of the present invention, wherein the gantry angle varied by mechanically translating the base, the base holding head around the circumference of the annular radiation treatment gantry. 因此，对实施方案细节的提及并不意图限制所述实施方案的范围，这种范围仅由所附权利要求书的范围限制。 Therefore, references to details of the embodiments of the program not intended to limit the scope of the program, which is only limited scope of the appended claims.
1. 一种放射治疗装置，该放射治疗装置包括： 环形台架，该环形台架具有中心开口； 放射治疗头，该放射治疗头被耦合到所述环形台架并且能够围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度；以及台架平移机构，该台架平移机构被构造成在延伸穿过所述中心开口的纵轴方向上平移所述环形台架。 1. A radiation treatment apparatus, the radiotherapy apparatus comprising: an annular gantry, the gantry ring having a central opening; radiation therapy head, the radiation therapy head is coupled to said annular stage and capable of rotating about the central opening at least 180 degree arc; and stage translation mechanism, which translation mechanism stage is configured to translate in the longitudinal direction extending through the central opening of the annular gantry.
2. 如权利要求1所述的放射治疗装置，其中所述放射治疗头能够围绕所述中心开口旋转至少360度弧度。 2. The radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the radiotherapy head opening can be rotated at least 360 degree arc around the center.
3. 如权利要求1所述的放射治疗装置，所述环形台架界定中心环形台架平面，其中所述放射治疗头被耦合到所述环形台架的方式为允许所述放射治疗头围绕至少一个枢转轴进行枢转，以使得放射治疗能够相对于所述环形台架平面在平面外进行定向。 3. The radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 1, said annular frame defining a central annular gantry plane, wherein the radiotherapy head is coupled to the manner of an annular gantry radiation treatment to allow the head of at least about a pivot axis for pivoting, so that the radiation treatment relative to the annular gantry plane oriented in-plane.
4. 如权利要求3所述的放射治疗装置，其中所述放射治疗头被耦合到所述环形台架的方式为针对所述放射治疗头的围绕所述至少一个枢转轴的任何枢转角沿着所述中心环形台架平面维持所述放射治疗头的质量中心。 4. The radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the radiotherapy head is coupled to the ring gantry angle Renhe Shu embodiment the at least one pivot shaft for surrounding the radiotherapy head along the central annular gantry plane center of mass of the radiation therapy to maintain the head.
5. 如权利要求3所述的放射治疗装置，所述纵轴是穿过等中心的中心纵轴，其中所述放射治疗头被耦合到所述环形台架的方式为允许所述放射治疗头围绕至少两个枢转轴进行枢转，以使得放射治疗能够进一步相对于所述中心纵轴偏离中心进行定向。 5. The radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 3, said longitudinal axis passing through the isocenter is the center longitudinal axis, wherein the head is coupled to radiotherapy embodiment the annular gantry radiation treatment to allow the head at least two pivot about the pivot axis, so that radiation therapy can be further relative to the central longitudinal axis is oriented off center.
6. 如权利要求1所述的放射治疗装置，该放射治疗装置进一步包括第一成像系统，所述第一成像系统包括第一成像源和第一成像检测器，所述第一成像源和所述第一成像检测器被耦合到所述环形台架。 Radiation therapy apparatus as claimed in claim 1 said first source and the desired imaging, the radiation therapy apparatus further comprises a first imaging system, the first imaging system comprises a first imaging source and the first imaging detector, forming said first detector is coupled to said annular stage.
7. 如权利要求1所述的放射治疗装置，该放射治疗装置进一步包括第一成像系统，所述第一成像系统包括第一成像源和第一成像检测器，所述第一成像源和所述第一成像检测器相对于其中安装所述放射治疗装置的治疗拱室而被可固定地定位。 Radiation therapy apparatus as claimed in claim 1 said first source and the desired imaging, the radiation therapy apparatus further comprises a first imaging system, the first imaging system comprises a first imaging source and the first imaging detector, said first imaging detector mounted therein with respect to the treatment chamber arch radiotherapy apparatus can be fixedly positioned.
8. 如权利要求1所述的放射治疗装置，该放射治疗装置进一步包括第一成像系统，所述第一成像系统包括第一成像源和第一成像检测器，所述第一成像源和所述第一成像检测器被构造并且定位成能够随着所述环形台架沿着所述纵轴平移。 Radiation therapy apparatus as claimed in claim 1 said first source and the desired imaging, the radiation therapy apparatus further comprises a first imaging system, the first imaging system comprises a first imaging source and the first imaging detector, said first imaging detector is configured and positioned to be able to translate along the longitudinal axis as the annular carrier.
9. 如权利要求8所述的放射治疗装置，其中所述第一成像源和所述第一成像检测器被安装到所述环形台架，从而能够与所述放射治疗头围绕所述中心开口一致旋转。 9. The radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said first image source and said first imaging detector is mounted to the gantry ring, thereby opening about the center of the radiation treatment head rotate in unison.
10. 如权利要求8所述的放射治疗装置，其中所述第一成像源包括X射线源阵列。 10. The radiation therapy apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said first source comprises an X-ray imaging source array.
11. 如权利要求7所述的放射治疗装置，该放射治疗装置进一步包括第二成像系统，所述第二成像系统包括第二成像源和第二成像检测器，其中所述第二成像系统或（i)相对于所述纵轴静止或（ii)能够相对于所述环形台架在所述纵轴的方向上独立平移。 11. The radiation therapy apparatus according to claim 7, the radiation therapy apparatus further comprises a second imaging system, the second imaging system comprises a second source and a second imaging imaging detector, wherein the second imaging system, or (i) stationary with respect to the longitudinal axis, or (ii) independent translation in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the annular gantry.
12. 如权利要求1所述的放射治疗装置，所述放射治疗装置用于针对被设置在治疗拱室的等中心处的、患者的靶组织体积提供放射治疗，所述放射治疗装置进一步包括： 环形台架结构，所述环形台架装在所述环形台架结构之内，所述环形台架结构能够沿着所述纵轴在(i)第一位置与（ii)第二位置之间平移，对于所述第一位置，所述环形台架结构纵向包围所述等中心，对于所述第二位置，所述环形台架结构并不包围所述等中心；以及不同于所述环形台架结构的3D成像设备，该3D成像设备用于提供以下至少一者:所述靶组织体积的治疗前成像和摆位成像，其中所述3D成像设备能够沿着所述纵轴在（iii)第三位置与（iv)第四位置之间平移，对于所述第三位置，所述3D成像设备并不纵向包围所述等中心，对于所述第四位置，所述3D成像设备包围所述等中心； 由此，无 12. The radiation therapy apparatus according to claim 1, said means for providing radiation treatment for radiation therapy, the patient's target tissue volume is disposed at the center of the treatment chamber and the like arch, the radiotherapy apparatus further comprising: an annular gantry structure, said annular rack mounted within the annular structure of the gantry, the gantry ring structure capable of (i) a first position and (ii) a second position along the longitudinal axis between translated to the first position, the annular frame surrounding the central longitudinal structure the like, to the second position, the annular center of the frame structure does not surround the like; and different from the annular 3D structure of the imaging apparatus frame, the 3D imaging device for providing at least one of: the pre-treatment imaging and image placement target tissue volume, wherein the 3D imaging apparatus along the longitudinal axis is possible in (iii) between a third position and (iv) a fourth position translates to the third position, the 3D imaging apparatus is not surrounded by the longitudinal center of the like, to the fourth position, the 3D surround the imaging apparatus isocenter; Accordingly, no 需移动所述患者即能同时实现以下两种情况：（a)通过所述3D成像设备来对所述靶组织体积进行治疗前成像和/或摆位成像和(b)通过所述放射治疗头来向所述靶组织体积递送放射治疗。 The need to move the patient is able to simultaneously achieve the following two cases: (a) treatment is performed prior to imaging and / or placement and image (b) by the radiotherapy head to the target tissue through the 3D volume imaging apparatus to deliver radiation treatment to the target tissue volume.
13. 如权利要求12所述的放射治疗装置，其中所述治疗前成像和/或摆位成像包括将所述环形台架结构平移到所述第二位置并且将所述3D成像设备平移到所述第四位置，并且其中所述递送放射治疗包括将所述3D成像设备平移到所述第三位置并且将所述环形台架结构平移到所述第一位置。 13. The radiation therapy device of claim 12, wherein said imaging before treatment and / or imaging includes the placement of the annular gantry structure is translated to the second position and the 3D image forming apparatus is shifted to said fourth position, and wherein the delivery of said radiation treatment comprises a 3D imaging device is translated to the third position and the structure of the annular gantry is translated to the first position.
14. 如权利要求12所述的放射治疗装置，其中所述3D成像设备选自由以下项组成的组： CT成像设备和MRI设备。 CT imaging apparatus and an MRI apparatus: 14. The radiation therapy device of claim 12 wherein the 3D imaging apparatus is selected from the group consisting claim.
15. -种针对患者身体部分进行图像引导放射治疗(IGRT)的方法，所述方法包括： 沿着IGRT装置的纵轴定位所述患者，所述IGRT装置包括： 环形台架，该环形台架具有中心开口，所述IGRT装置的所述纵轴延伸穿过所述中心开P; 放射治疗头，该放射治疗头被耦合到所述环形台架并且能够围绕所述中心开口旋转至少180度弧度；以及台架平移机构，该台架平移机构被构造成在所述纵轴的方向上平移所述环形台架；以及在治疗分次期间，操作所述IGRT装置以便将非共面放射治疗应用到所述身体部分，所述操作包括围绕所述中心开口来将所述放射治疗头旋转到多个不同台架角度，所述操作进一步包括沿着所述纵轴将所述环形台架平移到多个不同纵向位置。 15. The - method for the patient's body part for image guided radiation therapy (IGRT), the method comprising: along a longitudinal axis of said patient positioning device IGRT, the IGRT device comprising: an annular gantry, the gantry ring has a central opening, the longitudinal axis of the IGRT means extending through said central opening P; radiation therapy head, the head is coupled to the radiation therapy of the annular gantry rotation and capable of opening at least 180 degree arc about the central ; and a stage translation mechanism, the stage translation mechanism configured to translate the gantry ring in the direction of the longitudinal axis; and during treatment fraction, said operating means so as to IGRT non-coplanar radiation treatment application to said body portion, said operation comprising the radiotherapy head is rotated to a plurality of different gantry angles around the central opening, the operations further comprising an annular gantry is translated to the along the longitudinal axis a plurality of different longitudinal positions.
16. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其中在所述操作所述IGRT装置以便应用非共面放射治疗期间的任何时间，所述患者都不相对于其中设置所述IGRT系统的治疗拱室进行移动。 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said operating means to apply said IGRT any time during the non-coplanar radiation treatment, the patient relative to the treatment arch is not provided wherein the chamber system is IGRT mobile.
17. 如权利要求15所述的方法，所述定位所述患者包括将所述身体部分定位成接近或围绕治疗中心，所述环形台架界定中心环形台架平面，所述放射治疗头被耦合到所述环形台架的方式为允许所述放射治疗头相对于所述环形台架平面枢转到平面外，其中所述环形台架的所述多个不同纵向位置包括第一纵向位置子集，对于所述第一纵向位置子集，所述环形台架平面不与所述治疗中心重合，并且其中所述操作进一步包括针对所述第一纵向位置子集枢转所述放射治疗头以将治疗放射定向在所述环形台架平面外并且朝着所述治疗中心，由此递送圆锥形非共面放射治疗和圆锥形螺旋式非共面放射治疗之一。 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the positioning the patient comprises the body portion is positioned near or around the treatment center, said annular frame defining a central annular gantry plane, the radiation treatment head is coupled manner to the annular gantry radiation treatment to allow the head to pivot relative to said annular gantry plane to plane, wherein said annular carrier comprises a plurality of different longitudinal positions a first longitudinal position subset , for the first subset of the longitudinal position, the annular gantry plane is not coincident with the center of said treatment, and wherein the operations further comprising a longitudinal position for the first subset of the radiotherapy head pivot Radiation therapy is oriented in the outer annular gantry plane and towards the center of the treatment, whereby the non-delivery of a conical surface co-one conical helical radiation therapy and non-coplanar radiation treatment.
18. 如权利要求17所述的方法，所述纵轴是穿过等中心的中心纵轴，其中所述放射治疗头被耦合到所述环形台架的方式为允许所述放射治疗头围绕至少两个枢转轴进行枢转，其中所述操作进一步包括针对所述台架角度和纵向位置中的至少一者来使所述放射治疗围绕所述至少两个轴枢转以相对于所述中心纵轴偏离中心应用治疗放射。 Center 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the vertical axis passing through the center of the longitudinal axis and the like, wherein the radiotherapy head is coupled to the manner of an annular gantry radiation treatment to allow the head of at least about two pivot for pivotal shaft, wherein the operations further comprise the stage for angular and longitudinal position of said at least one of a radiation treatment of said at least two axes about pivot relative to the longitudinal center offset from the center axis of the treatment radiation.
19. 如权利要求18所述的方法，所述IGRT装置进一步包括机载成像系统，所述机载成像系统包括成像源和成像检测器，其中所述操作所述IGRT装置进一步包括： 在所述治疗分次期间，操作所述成像系统，以便获得所述身体部分的多个分次中图像； 以及在所述治疗分次期间，至少部分基于从所述分次中图像得到的信息来调整所述放射治疗头的所述枢转。 19. The method according to claim 18, said apparatus further comprising IGRT airborne imaging system, the onboard imaging system includes an imaging source and imaging detector, wherein said apparatus further comprises operating the IGRT: the during the treatment fraction, the operation of the imaging system, so as to obtain a plurality of divided image of the body part; and during the treatment fraction, is adjusted at least in part based on the information obtained from the image divided in said head of said pivot turn radiotherapy.
20. 如权利要求15所述的方法，所述定位所述患者包括将所述身体部分定位成接近或围绕治疗拱室的等中心，所述IGRT装置进一步包括环形台架结构，所述环形台架装在所述环形台架结构之内，所述环形台架结构能够沿着所述纵轴在（i)第一位置与（ii)第二位置之间平移，对于所述第一位置，所述环形台架结构纵向包围所述等中心，对于所述第二位置，所述环形台架结构并不包围所述等中心，所述方法进一步包括： 在所述操作所述IGRT装置以便应用非共面放射治疗之前，使不同于所述环形台架结构的3D成像设备沿着所述纵轴从（iii)第三位置平移到（iv)第四位置，对于所述第三位置，所述3D成像设备并不纵向包围所述等中心，对于所述第四位置，所述3D成像设备包围所述等中心； 在所述3D成像设备处于所述第四位置时，操作所述3D成像设备以便获得所述身 20. The method according to claim 15, comprising the positioning of the patient is positioned proximate to the body portion about the treatment center or the like arch chamber, said device further comprising an annular IGRT stand structure, the annular rack mounted within the annular structure of the gantry, the gantry ring structure capable of (i) between a first position and (ii) a second position shifting along the longitudinal axis, to the first position, the annular frame surrounding the central longitudinal structure the like, to the second position, the annular frame structure does not surround the center of the other, said method further comprising: operating said apparatus so as to apply the IGRT non-coplanar radiation treatment before, so that the 3D imaging device is different from the gantry ring along the longitudinal axis of the structure from (iii) a third position to the (iv) a fourth position to the third position, the said image forming apparatus is not 3D surround the longitudinal center of the other, to the fourth position, the center of the 3D imaging device surrounds the like; when the 3D imaging device is in the fourth position, the operation of the 3D imaging said apparatus body so as to obtain 部分的治疗前图像和/或摆位图像； 将所述3D成像设备从所述第四位置平移回到所述第三位置； 使所述环形台架结构沿着所述纵轴从所述第二位置平移到所述第一位置；以及在所述环形台架结构处于所述第一位置时，操作所述IGRT装置以便将非共面放射治疗应用到所述身体部分。 Treatment before the image portion and / or the image placement; the 3D imaging device will translate back from the third position to the fourth position; said annular gantry structure along the longitudinal axis from the first the two position to the first position; and when the annular frame structure in the first position, said operating means so as to IGRT non-coplanar radiation treatment is applied to the body part.
21. 如权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述3D成像设备选自由以下项组成的组:CT成像设备和MRI设备。 CT imaging apparatus and an MRI apparatus: 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the 3D imaging apparatus is selected from the group consisting of requirements.
22. 如权利要求15所述的方法，所述环形台架界定环形台架平面，其中在所述操作所述IGRT装置期间的任何时间，所述患者都不相对于其中设置所述IGRT系统的治疗拱室进行移动，并且其中所述操作所述IGRT装置包括在沿着所述纵轴平移所述环形台架的同时通过所述多个不同台架角度旋转所述放射治疗头并且基本上在所述环形平面之中或周围将治疗放射定向成朝着所述身体部分，由此所述非共面放射治疗是螺旋断层治疗并且会在不使所述患者移动的情况下进行递送。 22. The method according to claim 15, said annular frame defining an annular gantry plane, wherein at any time during the operation of the IGRT device, wherein the patient is not provided with respect to the system IGRT arch mobile treatment chamber, and wherein said operating means comprises rotating said IGRT the radiotherapy head through said plurality of different gantry angles along the longitudinal axis while translating the gantry ring and substantially in in or around the annular planar therapeutic radiation oriented towards the body portion, whereby the non-coplanar radiation treatment is a helical tomotherapy and the situation will not be delivered to the patient moves the lower.
23. 如权利要求22所述的方法，所述纵轴是穿过等中心的中心纵轴，其中所述放射治疗头被耦合到所述环形台架的方式为允许所述放射治疗头围绕至少两个枢转轴进行枢转，其中所述操作进一步包括使得所述放射治疗围绕所述至少两个轴枢转以相对于所述中心纵轴偏离中心应用治疗放射和/或在所述环形台架平面外应用治疗放射，由此方便进行运动追踪以适应由患者引起的所述身体部分的移动。 23. The method according to claim 22, said longitudinal axis passing through the isocenter is the center longitudinal axis, wherein the head is coupled to radiotherapy embodiment the annular gantry radiation treatment to allow the head of at least about two pivot for pivotal shaft, wherein the operation further comprises radiation treatment such that the said at least two axes about pivot relative to the central longitudinal axis radially offset from the treatment center and / or in the annular gantry treatment of radiation out of the plane, thereby facilitating motion tracking to accommodate movement of the body part caused by the patient.
24. 如权利要求22所述的方法，所述纵轴是穿过等中心的中心纵轴，其中在所述治疗分次期间，所述放射治疗头不相对于所述环形台架可枢转地致动，在整个所述治疗分次中，所述治疗放射保持在所述环形台架平面内朝着所述中心纵轴定向。 24. The method according to claim 22, said longitudinal axis passing through the isocenter is the center longitudinal axis, wherein during the treatment fraction, the radiation treatment head does not move relative to the annular gantry pivotally actuated, the entire treatment fractions, the radiation treatment is held within said annular gantry is oriented towards the longitudinal center plane.
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