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80/286/CDV
IEC/TC or SC:
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJET DE COMITÉ POUR VOTE (CDV)
IEC 60945 ed 4
CEI/CE ou SC:
Closing date for voting (Voting mandatory
for P-members)
Date de clôture du vote (Vote obligatoire
pour les membres (P))
Titre du CE/SC:
TC/SC Title:
Matériels et systèmes de navigation et de
radiocommuniction maritimes
Secretary: M. A. Rambaut. United Kingdom
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication
Also of interest to the following committees
Intéresse également les comités suivants
80/155/NP - 80/165/RVN
Horizontal functions concerned
Fonctions horizontales concernées
CE DOCUMENT EST TOUJOURS A L'ETUDE ET SUSCEPTIBLE DE MODIFICATION.
THIS DOCUMENT IS STILL UNDER STUDY AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE. IT
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SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES.
LES RECIPIENDAIRES DU PRESENT DOCUMENT SONT INVITES A PRESENTER,
AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS, LA NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIETE
DONT ILS AURAIENT EVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET A FOURNIR UNE
DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR
COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
radiocommunication maritimes - Spécifications
générales - Méthodes d’essai et resultats
equipment and systems - General requirements
- Methods of testing and required test results
A full revision of Edition 3. Refer to Annex H for the substantive
CDV soumis en parallèle au vote (CEI)
et à l’enquête (CENELEC)
Parallel IEC CDV/CENELEC Enquiry
© International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC
FORM 7B (IEC)
60945 Ed.4  IEC:2001
Normative references....................................................................................................... 9
Definitions and abbreviations ..........................................................................................12
3.1 Definitions .............................................................................................................12
3.2 Abbreviations used in this standard .......................................................................13
3.3 IMO Performance Standards..................................................................................13
Minimum performance requirements ...............................................................................14
General .................................................................................................................14
4.1.1 Introduction................................................................................................14
4.1.2 General requirements ................................................................................15
4.2 Design and Operation ............................................................................................15
4.2.1 Ergonomics and HMI..................................................................................15
4.2.2 Hardware ...................................................................................................18
4.2.3 Software ....................................................................................................19
4.2.4 (6.4) Inter-unit connection .........................................................................19
4.3 Power supply .........................................................................................................20
4.3.1 (7.1) Extreme power supply .......................................................................20
4.3.2 (7.2) Excessive conditions .........................................................................20
4.3.3 (7.3, 7.4) Power supply short-term variation and power supply failure ........20
4.4 (8) Durability and resistance to environmental conditions.......................................20
4.5 Interference ...........................................................................................................20
4.5.1 (9,10) Electromagnetic compatibility .........................................................20
4.5.2 (11.1) Acoustic noise ................................................................................21
4.5.3 (11.2) Compass safe distance...................................................................21
4.6 Safety precautions .................................................................................................21
4.6.1 (12.1) Protection against accidental access to dangerous voltages ............21
4.6.2 (12.2 12.3) Electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation.................................21
4.6.3 (12.4) X-radiation .......................................................................................21
4.7 (13) Maintenance..................................................................................................22
4.7.1 Maintenance of hardware ...........................................................................22
4.7.2 Maintenance of software ............................................................................22
4.8 (14) Equipment manuals .......................................................................................22
4.9 (15) Marking and identification ..............................................................................22
Methods of testing and required test results....................................................................23
General .................................................................................................................23
Test conditions ......................................................................................................23
5.2.1 Normal test conditions ...............................................................................24
5.2.2 Extreme test conditions..............................................................................24
5.2.3 Excessive conditions..................................................................................25
5.3 Test results............................................................................................................25
Operational checks (all equipment categories) ................................................................25
Ergonomics and HMI .............................................................................................25
6.1.1 General......................................................................................................25
6.1.2 (4.2.1.2) Arrangement ...............................................................................25
General .................................................................................................................31
Dry heat.................................................................................................................33
8.2.1 Storage test (portable, exposed and submerged equipment) ......................33
8.2.2 Functional test (portable, protected and exposed equipment).....................33
Damp heat .............................................................................................................34
8.3.1 Functional test (portable, protected and exposed equipment).....................34
Low temperature....................................................................................................34
8.4.1 Storage test (portable equipment) ..............................................................34
8.4.2 Functional tests .........................................................................................35
Thermal shock (portable equipment) ......................................................................35
8.5.1 Purpose .....................................................................................................35
8.5.2 Method of test ............................................................................................36
8.5.3 Required result ..........................................................................................36
Drop (portable equipment) .....................................................................................36
8.6.1 Drop on hard surface .................................................................................36
8.6.2 Drop into water ..........................................................................................36
Vibration (all equipment categories).......................................................................37
8.7.1 Purpose .....................................................................................................37
8.7.2 Method of test ............................................................................................37
8.7.3 Required result ..........................................................................................38
Rain and spray (exposed equipment) .....................................................................38
8.8.1 Purpose .....................................................................................................38
8.8.2 Method of test ............................................................................................38
8.8.3 Required result ..........................................................................................38
Immersion..............................................................................................................39
8.9.1 Submerged equipment ...............................................................................39
7.1 (4.3.1) Extreme power supply ................................................................................31
7.2 (4.3.2) Excessive conditions ..................................................................................31
7.3 (4.3.3) Power supply short-term variation...............................................................31
7.4 (4.3.3) Power supply failure ...................................................................................31
(4.4) Durability and resistance to environmental conditions – Methods of testing
and required test results ................................................................................................31
6.1.3 (4.2.1.3) Operation....................................................................................26
6.1.4 (4.2.1.4) Identification ...............................................................................26
6.1.5 (4.2.1.5) Screen display and indicators .....................................................27
6.1.6 (4.2.1.6) Voice Announcement ..................................................................28
6.1.7 (4.2.1.7) Safety of operation .....................................................................28
6.1.8 (4.2.1.8) Distress alert ...............................................................................28
6.2 Hardware ...............................................................................................................29
6.2.1 (4.2.2.1) General ......................................................................................29
6.2.2 (4.2.2.2) Alarms and Indicators .................................................................29
6.2.3 (4.2.2.3) Illumination .................................................................................29
6.3 Software ................................................................................................................30
6.3.1 (4.2.3.1) General ......................................................................................30
6.3.2 (4.2.3.2) Safety of operation .....................................................................30
6.3.3 (4.2.3.3) Monitoring ..................................................................................30
6.3.4 (4.2.3.4) Operation....................................................................................30
6.4 (4.2.4) Inter-unit connection ...................................................................................31
Power supply – Methods of testing and required test results ...........................................31
8.9.2 Portable equipment ....................................................................................39
8.9.3 Portable equipment (temporary immersion) ................................................39
8.10 Solar radiation (portable equipment) ......................................................................40
8.10.1 Waiver 40
8.10.2 Purpose 40
8.10.3 Method of test ............................................................................................40
8.10.4 Required result ..........................................................................................40
8.11 Oil resistance (portable equipment) .......................................................................41
8.11.1 Waiver 41
8.11.2 Purpose 41
8.11.3 Method of test ............................................................................................41
8.11.4 Required result ..........................................................................................41
8.12 Corrosion (salt mist) (all equipment categories) .....................................................41
8.12.1 Waiver 41
8.12.2 Purpose 41
8.12.3 Method of test ............................................................................................42
8.12.4 Required result ..........................................................................................42
(4.5.1) Electromagnetic emission – Methods of testing and required test results ............42
General .................................................................................................................42
Conducted emissions (all equipment categories except portable)...........................43
9.2.1 Purpose .....................................................................................................43
9.2.2 Method of test ............................................................................................43
9.2.3 Required result ..........................................................................................43
9.3 Radiated emissions from enclosure port (all equipment categories except
submerged) ...........................................................................................................43
9.3.1 Purpose .....................................................................................................43
9.3.2 Method of test ............................................................................................43
9.3.3 Required result ..........................................................................................44
10 (4.5.1) Immunity to electromagnetic environment – Methods of testing and required
test results ......................................................................................................................44
10.1 General .................................................................................................................44
10.2 Radio Receiver Equipment ....................................................................................45
10.2.1 Exclusion band ..........................................................................................45
10.2.2 Assessment of receiver responses .............................................................46
10.3 Immunity to conducted radio frequency interference ..............................................46
10.3.1 Purpose 46
10.3.2 Method of test ............................................................................................46
10.3.3 Required result ..........................................................................................47
10.4 Immunity to radiated radiofrequencies (all equipment categories except
submerged ) ..........................................................................................................47
10.4.1 Purpose 47
10.4.2 Method of test ............................................................................................47
10.4.3 Required result ..........................................................................................47
10.5 Immunity to fast transients on a.c. power, signal and control lines (all
equipment categories except portable) ..................................................................47
10.5.1 Purpose 47
10.5.2 Method of test ............................................................................................47
10.5.3 Required result ..........................................................................................48
10.6 Immunity to surges on a.c. power lines (all equipment categories except
portable) ................................................................................................................48
10.6.1 Purpose 48
10.6.2 Method of test ............................................................................................48
10.6.3 Required result ..........................................................................................48
10.7 Immunity to power supply short-term variation (all equipment categories
except portable).....................................................................................................48
10.7.1 Waiver 48
10.7.2 Purpose 48
10.7.3 Method of test ............................................................................................48
10.7.4 Required result ..........................................................................................49
10.8 Immunity to power supply failure (all equipment categories except portable)..........49
10.8.1 Waiver 49
10.8.2 Purpose 49
10.8.3 Method of test ............................................................................................49
10.8.4 Required result ..........................................................................................49
10.9 Immunity to electrostatic discharge (all equipment categories except
submerged) ...........................................................................................................49
10.9.1 Purpose 49
10.9.2 Method of test ............................................................................................49
10.9.3 Required result ..........................................................................................50
11 Special purpose tests – Methods of testing and required test results ..............................50
11.1 (4.5.2) Acoustic noise and signals (all equipment intended for installation in
wheelhouses and bridge wings) .............................................................................50
11.1.1 Purpose 50
11.1.2 Method of test ............................................................................................50
11.1.3 Required result ..........................................................................................50
11.2 (4.5.3) Compass safe distance (all equipment categories except submerged) ........51
11.2.1 Purpose 51
11.2.2 Method of test ............................................................................................51
11.2.3 Required result ..........................................................................................51
12 Safety precautions – Methods of testing and required test results (all equipment
categories)......................................................................................................................51
12.1 (4.6.1) Protection against accidental access to dangerous voltages .......................51
12.1.1 Purpose 51
12.1.2 Method of test ............................................................................................52
12.1.3 Required result ..........................................................................................52
12.2 (4.6.2) Electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation ...................................................52
12.2.1 Purpose 52
12.2.2 Method of test ............................................................................................52
12.2.3 Required result ..........................................................................................52
12.3 (4.6.2) Emission from visual display unit (VDU) .....................................................53
12.3.1 Waiver 53
12.3.2 Purpose 53
12.3.3 Method of test ............................................................................................53
12.3.4 Required result ..........................................................................................54
12.4 (4.6.3) X-radiation..................................................................................................54
12.4.1 Waiver 54
12.4.2 Purpose 54
12.4.3 Method of test ............................................................................................54
12.4.4 Required result ..........................................................................................54
13 (4.7) Maintenance (all equipment categories)..................................................................55
14 (4.8) Equipment manuals (all equipment categories) .......................................................55
15 (4.9) Marking and identification (all equipment categories)..............................................55
Annex A (normative) IMO Resolution A.694(17) Adopted on 6 November 1991
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPBORNE RADIO EQUIPMENT FORMING
PART OF THE GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM (GMDSS)
AND FOR ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL AIDS .............................................................69
Annex B (informative) Environmental conditions for ships ....................................................74
Dry heat.................................................................................................................74
Damp heat .............................................................................................................75
Low temperature....................................................................................................75
Vibration ................................................................................................................75
(informative) EMC requirements for ships ..............................................................77
Introduction ...........................................................................................................77
Emission................................................................................................................78
C.2.1 Conducted emissions .................................................................................79
C.2.2 Radiated emissions....................................................................................79
C.3 Immunity................................................................................................................80
C.3.1 Conducted low-frequency interference .......................................................80
C.3.2 Conducted radiofrequency interference......................................................81
C.3.3 Radiated interference.................................................................................81
C.3.4 Power supply transients .............................................................................81
C.3.5 Power supply variations and failure............................................................81
C.3.6 Electrostatic discharge...............................................................................81
Annex D (informative) Examples of equipment by environmental class .................................82
Annex E (informative) Test Reports ......................................................................................83
Annex F (informative) Bibliography.......................................................................................84
Annex G (informative) Cross-references between the requirements of IMO Resolution
A.694 and the tests/checks in this standard ....................................................................87
Annex H (Informative) Summary of significant changes to test requirements from
Edition 3 of IEC 60945 ...................................................................................................88
General requirements – Methods of testing and required test results
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
International Standard IEC 60945 has been prepared by working group 5, of IEC technical
committee 80:
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 1996 and constitutes a
XX/XX/FDIS
XX/XX/RVD
A further technical revision will be undertaken after a period of 5 years or when required as a
result of substantive changes in the normative references.
Annex A forms an integral part of this standard. Annexes B, C, D, E, F, G and H are for
IEC 945 was originally produced to give test methods and, where appropriate, limit values to
the IMO Resolution A.574(14) which was a recommendation on general requirements for
electronic navigational aids. (It has subsequently been replaced, see below.) The tests
dealing with electromagnetic immunity could not be produced in time for the publication of the
original standard, and these were added later in 1992 as Amendment 1.
In 1991 the IMO, when discussing the changes that would arise with the introduction of the
global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS), noted that in future, radio equipment
would be installed on the bridge of a vessel alongside the navigation equipment instead of in
a special radio room as hitherto. The IMO consequently withdrew Resolution A.574(14), and a
corresponding Resolution A.569(14) dealing with the general requirements of radio
equipment, and replaced them with IMO Resolution A.694(17). A second edition of IEC 945
was rapidly prepared to reflect this change.
The third edition of IEC 945 in 1996 was a complete revision which aligned the test methods
with appropriate other IEC standards and introduced, wherever possible, the requirements of
the classification societies. The scope was extended to make the standard applicable
additionally to other equipment installed on and around the bridge of a ship with regard to
EMC. A new class of equipment – “portable” – was added, together with better definitions of
operational tests which involve subjective judgement and descriptions of operational and
durability aspects of software.
This fourth edition (now IEC 60945) extends the detail of operational tests particularly for
equipment which is operated through software menus. This has been derived from an
exhaustive investigation of appropriate references as described in the Bibliography (Annex F).
The layout of clause 4 (Minimum performance requirements) has been changed to give a
better grouping of Ergonomics, Hardware and Software requirements.
The EMC tests have been revised. Some low frequency tests which are no longer considered
appropriate have been deleted while, at high frequencies, EMC testing has been extended
from 1 GHz to 2 GHz.
Clarifications to the text of the third edition have been added where experience has shown a
need and the references have been updated.
A comparison of the test requirements in the third and fourth editions is given in Annex G to
assist manufacturers and test houses in the use of the new edition.
This International Standard assists in meeting a requirement of the International
Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), adopted by the International Maritime
Organization (IMO), that the radio equipment defined in chapters III and IV, and the
navigation equipment defined in chapter V of the Convention, be type-approved by
administrations to conform with performance standards not inferior to those adopted by the
IMO. (Administrations are defined by the IMO as governments of the states whose flags the
ships are entitled to fly.)
The performance standard for general requirements for shipborne radio equipment and
electronic navigation aids that has been adopted by the IMO is given in IMO Resolution A.694
and is reproduced in this standard as annex A, which forms the basis for this standard.
Reference is made, where appropriate, to IMO Resolution A.694, and all subclauses whose
wording is identical to that in the resolution are printed in italics.
This standard specifies minimum performance requirements, methods of testing and required
test results for general requirements which can be applied to those characteristics common to
all equipment described hereunder:
a) shipborne radio equipment forming part of the global maritime distress and safety system
required by the International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) as amended,
and by the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels as
b) shipborne navigational equipment required by the International Convention for Safety of
Life at Sea (SOLAS) as amended, and by the Torremolinos International Convention for
the Safety of Fishing Vessels as amended, and to other navigational aids, where
c) for EMC only, all other bridge-mounted equipment, equipment in close proximity to
receiving antennas, and equipment capable of interfering with safe navigation of the ship
and with radio-communications (see IMO Resolution A.813).
NOTE – For EMC, this standard is in the IEC category product family.
The requirements of this standard are not intended to prevent the use of new techniques in
equipment and systems, provided the facilities offered are not inferior to those stated.
constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to
agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC
IEC 60050-161: 1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
IEC 60068-2-1: 1990, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Tests A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2: 1974, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Tests B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-5: 1975, Environmental testing – Part 2: Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at
IEC 60068-2-6: 1995, Environmental testing – Part 2: Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
Corrigendum 1 (1995)
EC 60068-2-9: 1975, Environmental testing – Part 2: Guidance for solar radiation testing
Amendment 1 (1984) Corrigendum 1 (1989)
IEC 60068-2-30: 1980, Environmental testing – Part 2: Test Db and guidance: Damp heat,
cyclic (12 + 12-hour cycle)
IEC 60068-2-48: 1982, Environmental testing – Part 2: Guidance on the application of the
tests of IEC 60068 to simulate the effects of storage
IEC 60068-2-52: 1996, Environmental testing – Part 2: Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium
Corrigendum 1 (1996)
IEC 60071-2: 1996, Insulation co-ordination – Part 2: Application guide
IEC 60092-101: 1994, Electrical installations in ships – Part 101: Definitions and general
Amendment 1 (1995) Corrigendum 1 (1996)
IEC 60092-504: 1994, Electrical installations in ships – Part 504: Special features – Control
IEC 60417: 1998, Graphical symbols for use on equipment – Part 1: Overview and application
IEC 60529: 1989,
IEC 60533: 1999, Electrical and electronic installations
in ships - Electromagnetic
IEC 60651: 1979, Sound level meters
IEC 61000-4-2: 1999, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
– Part 4-2: Testing and
IEC 61000-4-3: 1998, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-3: Testing and
measurement techniques – Radiated, radiofrequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5: 1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
measurement techniques – Section 5: Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-4: 1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques – Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test – Basic
IEC 61000-4-6: 1996, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques – Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by Radiofrequency fields
IEC 61000-4-8:
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques – Section 8: Power frequency magnetic field immunity test – Basic
IEC 61000-4-11: 1994, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques – Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage
IEC 61097-4: 1994, Global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) – Part 4: INMARSAT–C
ship earth station and INMARSAT enhanced group call (EGC) equipment – Operational and
CISPR 16-1: 1999, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
ISO 694: 2000, Ships and marine technology -- Positioning of magnetic compasses in ships
ISO 3791: 1976, Office machines and data processing equipment – Keyboard layouts for
IMO Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS): 1997
IMO Torremolinos Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels,1977, as modified by the
Torremolinos Protocol of 1993
IMO MSC/Circ.794 IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCPs): 1997.
IMO Resolution A.694: 1991, General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming
part of the global maritime distress and safety system and for electronic navigational aids
IMO Resolution A.803: 1995, Performance standards for shipborne VHF radio installations
capable of voice communication and digital selective calling
IMO Resolution A.813: 1995, General requirements for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
for all electrical and electronic ship’s equipment
ITU-T Recommendation E.161: 1993, Arrangement of digits, letters and symbols on
telephones and other devices that can be used for gaining access to a telephone network
NOTE – A bibliography of informative references is contained in annex F.
electronic navigational aid
An electronic item, e.g. instrument, device or chart, carried on board and intended to assist
the navigation of a craft.
Repair or replacement of defective parts or corresponding corrections to software. Minor
changes and improvements to existing functionality are considered to be maintenance but not
the addition of new functionality.
A check by a suitably qualified person to confirm that the equipment complies with the
operational requirements in this standard or in the equipment standard.
A short functional test carried out during or after a technical test to confirm that the equipment
performance check (EMC)
A short functional test carried out during or after an EMC test to confirm that the equipment
complies with the required immunity performance criteria.
A measurement or a group of measurements carried out during or after a technical test to
confirm that the equipment complies with selected parameters as defined in the equipment
Treatment of a specimen with the object of removing or partly counteracting the effects of its
NOTE 1: Where pre-conditioning is called for, it is the first process in the test procedure
NOTE 2: It may be effected by subjecting the specimen to climatic, electrical, or any other conditions required by
the relevant specification in order that the properties of the specimen may be stabilised before measurements and
product family EMC standard
Definition of specific EM requirements and test procedures dedicated to particular product
families. It applies the IEC basic standards, is co-ordinated with IEC generic standards, and
has precedence over IEC generic standards.
Each test for which a repeatable method of measurement is defined in this standard or in the
equipment standard.
For the purpose of interpreting IMO performance standards the following definitions apply:
Accessible/readily/easily
affording unrestricted access appropriate to the function served. Access for the operation
shall not require the use of tools, and shall be gained comfortably from the operator’s
assigned work station. Access for maintenance is not subject to these restrictions, but should
not require the removal of other fixtures or the use of special aids to reach the point of access
normal: adjustments made by an operator in the course of equipment usage to maintain its
satisfactory: an atmosphere suitable for the preservation, safety and comfort of occupying
material and/or personnel.
clearly: of sufficient amplitude and characteristics relative to the ambient noise environment to
alert a person with normal hearing within a prescribed area.
Conspicuous/prominent/clearly visible
of good visibility by virtue of position, size or contrast with surroundings.
clearly: marked in a conspicuous place with information which can be easily seen and
understood by qualified personnel.
all practicable: means within accepted practice, or of a similar implementation standard, for
the equipment or function concerned.
readily: affording unrestricted visibility of legible information to an operator at his assigned
(not necessarily fixed) work station.
readily: operable without difficulty regarding access to controls, action required and indication
suitably: trained and experienced in the operation of specified equipment.
Removable/renewable/replaceable
easily: capable of removal etc. by qualified personnel on board ship with the use of tools, if
necessary, but without the need to disturb other equipment.
Time; adequate
sufficient time for the execution of a function by equipment with a qualified operator.
Time; limited
the maximum permitted time for the execution of a function. (Must be compatible with
adequate time.)
adequately: maintaining a satisfactory atmosphere (as previously defined) or environment
within a compartment or equipment.
All equipment shall be subjected to all the appropriate tests in this standard unless otherwise
specified in the relevant equipment standard, with the following exceptions:
a) the solar radiation test, the oil test and the corrosion test shall be waived where the
manufacturer is able to produce evidence that the components, materials and finishes
employed in the equipment would satisfy the test;
b) The safety test for visual display units (VDU) shall be waived where the manufacturer is
able to produce evidence that the VDU would satisfy the tests;
c) The X-radiation test shall be waived where the manufacturer is able to produce evidence
that the equipment would satisfy the test;
- equipment category (4.4);
- performance test (5.1);
- performance check (5.1);
- pre-conditioning for environmental tests (8.1).
The relevant equipment standard referred to above shall contain the following information
which is required for the conduct of tests in this standard:
In order to assist administrations in granting type approval as required by SOLAS, the
laboratory or test facility conducting technical tests shall be approved for this purpose, and
shall conform to appropriate international standards concerning calibration and quality control.
Operational checks, particularly those involving subjective judgement, shall be conducted by
personnel having appropriate qualifications and nautical knowledge.
Requirements and the related tests are cross-referenced in annex G.
(A.694/1.2) Where an equipment provides a facility which is additional to the minimum
requirements of both this standard and the relevant equipment standard, the operation and,
as far as is reasonably practicable, the malfunction of such additional facility shall not
degrade the performance of the equipment.
(A.694/2) Equipment shall be installed in such a manner that it is capable of meeting the
requirements of applicable performance standards adopted by IMO.
There are no tests given in this standard to support this IMO requirement as this standard
applies solely to equipment. Guidance on installation of equipment can be found in IEC 60092
and IEC 60533 and by reference to equipment manuals.
4.2.1 Ergonomics and HMI
Equipment shall be so constructed that it is capable of being operated readily and in
accordance with the requirements of the relevant standard by a suitably qualified person.
The user shall be easily able to develop and maintain an understanding of the HMI state at
The HMI shall not increase workload in a way that causes risk to safety related operational
(6.1.2) Arrangement
(A.694/3.1) The number of operational controls, their design and manner of function, location,
arrangement and size shall provide for simple, quick and effective operation. Controls shall be
arranged in functional groups.
The layout of function keys should be compatible with their importance; e.g., keys for
emergency functions should have a prominent position, distinctive appearance and be
dedicated to their function.
4.2.1.3 (6.1.3) Operation
(A.694/3.1/3.2) All operational controls shall permit normal adjustments to be easily
performed and shall be arranged in a manner which minimises the chance of inadvertent
operation. Controls not required for normal operation shall not be readily accessible.
The operation of a control shall not cause obscuration of its related indicator where
observation of the indicator is necessary for making the adjustment.
In all operations there shall be a clearly marked or consistent simple action to recover from a
mistaken choice or to leave an unwanted state. It shall be possible for the user to start,
interrupt, resume and end an operation. Incomplete or interrupted manual inputs shall not
inhibit the operation of the equipment.
4.2.1.4 (6.1.4) Identification
(A.694/3.2) All operational controls and indicators shall be easy to identify and to read from
the position at which the equipment is normally operated.
The controls and indicators shall be identified in English, and the identifications provided in
the equipment standard shall be used. Symbols as specified in IEC 60417 or in the relevant
equipment standard may be used in addition to the identification in English.
(6.1.5) Screen displays and indications
Displays shall present the simplest information consistent with their function, information
irrelevant to the task shall not be displayed, and extraneous text and graphics shall not be
present. As a minimum English language shall be used.
Menus shall be grouped according to the task and not exceed 10 options. Items of any kind
which appear the same shall behave consistently. The user shall not have to remember
information from one part of a dialogue to another.
In all operations the system state shall be observable with essential data displayed. All
information required by the user to perform an operation shall be available on the current
display. Any mode in use shall be distinctively identified by the display(s). It shall be possible
at any step of a screen supported operation to return with one action to the original status
before the operation was started
Feedback timing shall be consistent with the task requirements. There shall be a clear
feedback from any action within a short time. Where a perceptible delay in response occurs,
visible indication shall be given.
Displayed text shall be clearly legible to the user and easy to understand. Simple natural
language shall be used wherever possible. The equipment shall employ marine terminology.
Where additional on-line help is available it shall be in task dependent form, easy to search
and list the steps to be carried out.
All information shall be presented on a background of high contrast, emitting as little light as
possible at night.
4.2.1.6 (6.1.6) Voice Announcement
Voice announcement, if provided, shall be supplementary to other indications and alarms.
Failure of the voice announcement system shall not degrade the operation of the provided
indicators and alarms.
As a minimum English language shall be available. Announcements shall be in plain language
using marine terminology but such that they will not be confused with commands usually
given by persons.
Methods shall be provided to check the functionality of the voice output and to adjust the
necessary volume. It shall be possible to adjust the volume to extinction.
Announcements shall be clearly understandable at all possible places where the operator may
be situated and under the prevailing environmental conditions.
Loudness of announcements shall not exceed that defined for alarms (see 4.2.2.2). Sudden
changes of loudness shall not be permitted.
(6.1.7) Safety of operation
Announcements shall be stopped when their associated indication or alarm is acknowledged.
The system shall attempt to prevent ascertainable user-action error from occurring.
All actions that may cause irreversible errors shall require a confirmation before proceeding.
When an action causes a detectable error the system shall give clear feedback such as by
including UNDO and/or REDO options where possible.
Equipment shall make use of any quality indication contained in the input from other systems
The user is to have available means to return to a known safe state with a single action.
4.2.1.8 (6.1.8) Distress alert
(A.803/2.6) A distress alert shall be activated only by means of a dedicated distress button.
This button shall not be any key of an ITU-T digital input panel or an ISO keyboard provided
on the equipment, shall be red in colour and marked “DISTRESS”.
(A.803./2.7) The dedicated distress button shall:
1) be clearly identified; and
2) be protected against inadvertent operation by means of a spring loaded lid or cover.
(A.803/2.8) The distress alert initiation shall require at least two independent actions.
(A.803/2.9) The equipment intended to transmit a distress alert shall indicate the status of
the distress alert transmission. There shall be a time delay of at least 3 s between initial
operation of the button and the alert being activated.
(A.803/2.10) It shall be possible to interrupt the repetition of distress alerts and initiate
distress alerts at any time.
4.2.2.1 (6.2.1) General
Equipment with a safety-related function shall give priority to simplicity in design.
(A.694/3.4) The design of the equipment shall be such that misuse of the controls shall not
cause damage to the equipment or injury to personnel.
Operational controls, the inadvertent exercise of which could switch off the equipment, lead to
its performance degradation, or to false indications not obvious to the operator, shall be
protected against unintentional operation.
Provision shall be made for the removal of, or for blocking off, the position of controls of any
optional facilities which are not fitted.
4.2.2.2 (6.2.2) Alarms and Indicators
(A.694/3.6) Where a digital input panel with the digits "0" to "9" is provided, the digits shall
preferably be arranged to conform with ITU-T recommendation E.161/Q.11 (4x3 array).
However, where an alpha-numeric keyboard layout, as used on office machinery and data
processing equipment, is provided, the digits "0" to "9" may, alternatively, be arranged to
conform with ISO 3791.
The equipment shall be provided with facilities, which permit the testing of all operational
indicators (alarm, warning and routine), displays and audible devices required by the relevant
Warning and alarm indicators shall show no light in normal condition (indication of a safe
situation). Alarm indications shall be red, or if on displays, red or otherwise highlighted.
If alarm messages are displayed on colour VDUs, the alarm status shall remain visible in the
event of a failure of a primary colour.
The sound pressure level of an audible alarm 1 m from the source shall be at least 75 dB(A)
but not greater than 85 dB(A).
(6.2.3) Illumination
(A.694/3.3) Where equipment is likely to be fitted in places which need to have low levels of
ambient lighting, adequate adjustable illumination shall be provided in the equipment or in the
ship to enable identification of controls and facilitate reading of indicators at all times. Means
shall be provided for dimming the output of any equipment light source which is capable of
interfering with navigation
Any external illumination required shall be clearly identified in the equipment manual.
The illumination shall be dazzle-free and adjustable to extinction, except that those warning
and alarm indicators which are illuminated in the warning/alarm condition, and indicators
required for switching on/off or resetting the equipment, or for initiation of distress alerting,
shall be clearly visible in all appropriate conditions of ambient illumination.
Transparent covers to instruments shall not cause reflections which reduce readability.
4.2.3.1 (6.3.1) General
The code of practice employed in the design and testing of the software shall be specified and
conform to a recognised international quality standard such as ISO 9000 series as applicable.
The code of practice shall define the methodology used in the development of the software
and the standards applied. It shall, amongst others, include the following criteria:
complex software shall be structured to support separate testing of single modules or of
groups of associated modules. Functions of safety protection shall be separated from
those of control.
the structure shall support maintenance and up-dates of software by minimising the risk of
undetected problems and failures.
The manufacturer shall supply documentation demonstrating that the software of the EUT is
developed and tested according to the code of practice and the requirements of 4.2.3 e.g. by
block, data flow or status diagram.
4.2.3.2 (6.3.2) Safety of operation
Facilities shall be provided to protect all operational software incorporated in the equipment.
Any software required in an equipment to facilitate operation in accordance with its equipment
standard, including that for its initial activation/reactivation, shall be permanently installed with
the equipment, in such a way that it is not possible for the user to have access to this
It shall not be possible for the operator to augment, amend or erase any program software in
the equipment required for operation in accordance with the equipment standard. Data used
during operation and stored in the system shall be protected in such a way, that necessary
modifications and amendments by the user cannot endanger its integrity and correctness.
Default values shall be inserted whenever relevant to facilitate the required operation of the
Display and update of essential information available in the equipment as well as safety
related functions shall not be inhibited due to operation of the equipment in any particular
mode e.g. dialogue mode.
When presented information is uncertain or derived from conflicting sources, the equipment
shall indicate this.
4.2.3.3 (6.3.3) Monitoring
Means shall be provided to monitor the operational software and stored data of the equipment
automatically at appropriate regular intervals, as indicated in the manufacturer's
documentation, and to activate an alarm in the event of non-automatically recoverable error or
4.2.3.4 (6.3.4) Operation
The system may allow function keys to speed up selection of common sequences.
4.2.4 (6.4) Inter-unit connection
For external communication equipment shall comply with standard communication protocols
and data formats in accordance with IEC 61162 series as applicable.
(A.694/3.5) If a unit of equipment is connected to one or more other units of equipment the
performance of each shall be maintained, in such a manner that the performance of one
element does not affect the required performance of the others.
Equipment shall be capable of working if data exchange fails as far as its functions do not
depend on the data.
4.3.1 (7.1) Extreme power supply
(A.694/4.1) Equipment shall continue to operate in accordance with the requirements of the
relevant standard in the presence of variations of the power supply normally to be expected in
4.3.2 (7.2) Excessive conditions
(A.694/4.2) Means shall be incorporated for the protection of equipment from the effects of
excessive current and voltage, transients and accidental reversal of the power supply polarity
or phase sequence.
4.3.3 (7.3, 7.4) Power supply short-term variation and power supply failure
(A.694/4.3) If provision is made for operating equipment from more than one source of
electrical energy, arrangements for rapidly changing from one source to the other shall be
provided but not necessarily incorporated in the equipment.
4.4 (8) Durability and resistance to environmental conditions
(A.694/5) Equipment shall be capable of continuous operation under the conditions of various
sea states, ships' motion, vibration, humidity and temperature likely to be experienced in
For the purposes of this standard, equipment or units shall be divided into four categories, as
c) exposed to the weather;
Examples of equipment in each category are given in annex D .
The equipment manual shall identify the category of the equipment.
A description of the environmental conditions for ships is given in annex B.
4.5.1 (9,10) Electromagnetic compatibility
(A.694/6.1) All reasonable and practicable steps shall be taken to ensure electromagnetic
compatibility between the equipment concerned and other radiocommunication and
navigational equipment carried on board in compliance with the relevant requirements of
chapters III, IV and V of the SOLAS Convention.
Equipment earthing requirements shall be incorporated in the equipment installation
instructions and shall, as a minimum, comply with IEC 60533.
A description of the electromagnetic compatibility (see IEC 60050-161) requirements for ships
is in annex C.
4.5.2 (11.1) Acoustic noise
(A.694/6.2) Mechanical noise from all units shall be limited so as not to prejudice the hearing
of sounds on which the safety of the ship might depend.
4.5.3 (11.2) Compass safe distance
(A.694/6.3) Each unit of equipment normally to be installed in the vicinity of a standard or a
steering magnetic compass shall be clearly marked with the minimum safe distance at which it
may be mounted from such compasses.
Alternatively, the minimum safe distance for fixed equipment may be given in the equipment
manual, but portable equipment shall always be marked.
ISO 694 defines "vicinity", relative to the compass, as within 5 m separation. For equipment
not marked with compass-safe distance, the equipment manual shall contain an instruction
that the equipment shall be positioned outside the vicinity thus defined.
4.6.1 (12.1) Protection against accidental access to dangerous voltages
(A.694/7.1) As far as is practicable, accidental access to dangerous voltages shall be
prevented. All parts and wiring in which the direct or alternating voltages or both (other than
radio frequency voltages) combine to give a peak voltage greater than 50 V shall be protected
against accidental access and shall be isolated automatically from all sources of electrical
energy when the protective covers are removed. Alternatively, the equipment shall be so
constructed that access to such voltages may only be gained after having used a tool for this
purpose, such as a spanner or screwdriver, and warning labels shall be prominently displayed
both within the equipment and on protective covers.
(A.694/7.2) Means shall be provided for earthing exposed metallic parts of the equipment, but
this shall not cause any terminal of the source of electrical energy to be earthed.
4.6.2 (12.2 12.3) Electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation
(A.694/7.3) All practicable steps shall be taken to ensure that electromagnetic radio frequency
energy, radiated from the equipment shall not be a hazard to personnel.
4.6.3 (12.4) X-radiation
(A.694/7.4) Equipment containing elements such as vacuum tubes, for example cathode ray
tubes, magnetrons and TR cells, which are likely to cause X-radiation shall comply with the
1) External X-radiation from the equipment in its normal working condition shall not exceed
the limits laid down by the Administration concerned.
2) When X-radiation can be generated inside the equipment above the level specified by the
Administration, a prominent warning shall be fixed inside the equipment and the
precautions to be taken when working on the equipment shall be included in the
3) If malfunction of any part of the equipment can cause an increase in X-radiation, adequate
advice shall be included in the equipment manual, warning of the circumstances which
could cause the increase and stating the precautions which should be taken.
4.7 (13) Maintenance
4.7.1 Maintenance of hardware
(A.694/8.1) The equipment shall be so designed that the main units can be replaced readily,
for on-board repair, without elaborate recalibration or readjustment.
(A.694/8.2) Equipment shall be so constructed and installed that it is readily accessible for
inspection and maintenance purposes.
4.7.2 Maintenance of software
Equipment shall be so designed that maintenance of software can be readily carried out.
Maintenance shall be supported by labelling in accordance with 4.9 (Marking and
Identification). No user retraining shall be necessary after maintenance.
On board documentation shall be updated with the software maintenance accordingly.
4.8 (14) Equipment manuals
(A.694/8.3) Adequate information shall be provided to enable the equipment to be properly
operated and maintained by suitably qualified members of a ship’s crew.
a) be written in English;
Operating and servicing manuals shall :
b) identify the category of the equipment or units to which they refer (4.4);
c) (A.694/8.3.1) in the case of equipment so designed that fault diagnosis and repair down to
component level are practicable, provide full circuit diagrams, component layouts and a
component parts list;
d) (A.694/8.3.2) in the case of equipment containing complex modules in which fault
diagnosis and repair down to component level are not practicable, contain sufficient
information to enable a defective complex module to be located, identified and replaced.
Other modules and those discrete components which do not form part of modules shall
also meet the requirements of 4.8 c) above.
Moreover adequate information shall be provided to allow equipment to be installed so that it
operates in accordance with the requirements of the relevant equipment standard, taking into
account limitations imposed by the operation of other equipment also required to be installed
4.9 (15) Marking and identification
(A.694/9) Each unit of the equipment shall be marked externally with the following information
which, where practicable, shall be clearly visible in the normal installed position :
1) identification of the manufacturer;
2) equipment type number or model identification under which it was type tested; and
3) serial number of the unit.
Alternatively, the marking may be presented on a display at equipment start-up.
The equipment shall be marked either before delivery to the ship, or on the ship at the time of
The title and version of each software element included in the installed software system shall
be either marked or displayed on command on the equipment.
Marking requirements for compass safe distance are given in 4.5.3.
When the marking and the title and version of the software are displayed only on the display,
such information shall also be included in the equipment manual.
There are two categories of tests and associated test methods, technical tests and
operational checks. Technical tests for performance, durability and electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) are carried out at a laboratory or test facility. Operational checks, to
check that facilities provided for operational use of equipment are adequate, may be carried
out in a laboratory or on a ship.
Confirmation of technical performance is required at two or more levels. The level required to
confirm compliance with selective parameters of the equipment standard is a performance
test. The levels required only to confirm that the equipment operates are performance checks.
Performance checks are generally less comprehensive and time-consuming than the
performance test. For some equipment, a single performance check definition will suffice, but
for others it may be preferable for technical reasons to define different checks for the various
types of test defined in this standard.
Performance tests and checks, and the appropriate check for each test shall be fully defined
in the equipment standard. If no equipment standard exists or if the performance test is not
specified in the equipment standard, the performance test shall be as defined in the test plan
Durability tests are designed to test equipment resistance to mechanical deterioration due to
exposure to the shipboard environment, or to the rigours of mishandling, such as dropping,
where appropriate, or transportation and installation.
EMC tests either check that equipment can operate as intended in the expected shipborne
electromagnetic environment, or that it does not contribute unduly to that environment.
Except where otherwise stated, electric power shall be supplied to the equipment under test
(EUT) only during the periods specified for EMC tests, for performance tests, and checks and
Unless a deviation is specifically stated in the relevant equipment standard, all tests and
checks shall be carried out as called for, and under the conditions prescribed in this standard.
Tests may be conducted in any convenient order, unless a sequence is specified in the
relevant equipment standard, and may be combined.
Adequate information shall be provided to enable the EUT to be properly set up, maintained
and operated during testing.
Cross-references between the IMO Resolution A.694 and the tests in this standard are in
Normal and extreme test conditions are defined in terms of environmental conditions and
power supply parameters. The term normal shall be read in context, particularly noting that
normal and extreme test conditions together cover the broad range of conditions which may
normally be found on ships.
The test power supply shall be capable of providing the normal and extreme test voltages and
frequencies for all variations of load imposed by the EUT, that is its internal impedance shall
be low enough to have only negligible effect on the test results. The power supply voltage and
frequency shall be measured at the input terminals of the EUT.
For equipment powered from integral batteries, the use of a test power supply is for
convenience only, and shall be agreed with the manufacturer. In the event of any
discrepancy, results obtained using the batteries shall take precedence over results obtained
using a test power source.
5.2.1 Normal test conditions
Normal environmental conditions shall be a convenient combination of +15 °C to +35 °C
temperature and 20 % to 75 % relative humidity.
When it is impractical to carry out the tests under the environmental conditions defined above,
a note to this effect stating the actual environmental conditions prevailing during the tests
shall be appended to the test report.
5.2.2 Extreme test conditions
The normal test power supply voltage shall be within a tolerance of ±3 % relative to the
nominal voltage of one (or any) of the ship’s power supplies for which the equipment is
designed. For a.c. supplies, the test power supply frequency shall be within ±1 Hz of the
Extreme environmental conditions are defined in clause 8.
The extreme variations in the power supplies in ships are described in IEC 60092-101. To test
for these, the combinations of power supply variations given in table 1 shall be used as
appropriate to the EUT.
Table 1 – Extreme power supply variation
The lower extreme test voltage for equipment using integral batteries shall be in accordance
with the type of batteries used, that is for:
primary: alkaline or lithium cells: 0,8 times the nominal voltage of the battery;
mercury cells: 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery;
secondary: cadmium cells: 1,2 and 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery;
other types of battery: the end point voltage declared by the manufacturer.
The upper extreme test voltage for all types of primary integral battery shall be the nominal
The extreme test voltages for equipment using other power sources, or capable of being
operated from a variety of power sources, shall be agreed with the equipment manufacturer,
and shall be recorded in the test report.
The schedule of performance tests and checks to be carried out on the EUT are defined in
5.2.3 Excessive conditions
These conditions exceed the extreme test conditions in which the EUT is required to operate,
with or without performance degradation, as indicated in the equipment standard. Excessive
current is defined as greater than normal working current.
Excessive voltage is greater than that specified in 5.2.2. Protection shall be provided against
such excesses at an appropriate level chosen by the manufacturer and, when activated, may
require the EUT to be reset, for example by fuse replacement. The power supply shall be
adjusted to cause activation of the protection and after EUT reset, a performance check under
normal test conditions shall be carried out.
Power supply misconnections are also regarded as excessive conditions. Where appropriate,
the EUT shall be subjected to an input from a power supply of reversed polarity or improper
phase sequence for a period of 5 min. After completion of the test, and reset of the protection
of the EUT, if required, the power supply shall be connected normally and a performance
check shall be carried out.
A test report shall be prepared to record the results of all appropriate tests.
The measured test results shall be compared with the corresponding acceptable performance
limits, and the EUT shall pass the test only if the measured performance margin is favourable
and greater than the test measurement uncertainty. The test report shall show, for each test
measurement, the test result, its associated measurement uncertainty, the acceptable
performance limits, and the performance margin, as applicable.
Any requirement stated in clause 4 for which no method of testing is specified shall be
checked by inspection of the equipment, its manufacturing drawings or other relevant
documents. The check carried out shall be described and the result noted in the test report.
Guidance on the information required in the test report is given in Annex E.
The EUT shall be checked to ensure compliance with the specific requirements as detailed
below. The checks carried out shall be described and the results noted in the test report.
A check shall be made that all modes of operation required by the equipment standard are
available, and that they may be controlled over the required range. Use shall be made of
every position of every control provided to ensure that it performs the function for which it is
identified and that it operates in the expected manner.
(4.2.1.2) Arrangement
Check that the number of operational controls, their design and manner of function, location,
arrangement and size provide for simple, quick and effective operation of the EUT. Check that
the controls are logically grouped according to their function.
Check that the shape and size of each control is appropriate to its mode of operation. In the
case of trackballs, joysticks and mice check that the controller can produce any combination
of x and y axis output values and that the controller does not drive the follower off the edge of
the screen. In the case of joysticks, check that there is a “home position” with a capability for
a return to that point.
In the case of touch screens check that the dimension of the response area for a push to
activate operation is a minimum of 15 mm height and width and the force required for
operation is a maximum of 1,5 N where applicable.
Check that information presentation is suited to the maximum expected rate of change of
information e.g. analogue presentation is sometimes more suited to rapid change than digital.
Check that rotating controls and indicators turn clockwise for increased value or effect.
Check that linear controls and indicators move upwards or to the right for increased value or
Check that where users must rapidly discern directional change, digital displays are provided
with indications of directions of change.
6.1.3 (4.2.1.3) Operation
Check that equipment elements relating to control, and indicators associated with control, are
readily distinguishable from elements provided for other functions, such as equipment set-up.
Check that all operational controls permit normal adjustments to be easily performed, and are
arranged in a manner which minimizes the chance of inadvertent operation. Check that
controls not required for normal operation and which may affect performance are not readily
Check all operational controls and indications for ease of use and correctness, and for
general suitability related to their function and environment e.g. expected ambient illumination
Check that the operation of a control does not cause obscuration of its related indicator where
Check that in all operations there is a clearly marked or consistent simple action to recover
from a mistaken choice or to leave an unwanted state. Check that it is always possible for a
user to start, interrupt, resume and end an operation.
(4.2.1.4) Identification
Check that all operational controls and indicators are easy to identify and read from the
position where the equipment is normally operated.
Check that instrument and indicator character type is simple and clear. The character height
(mm) shall not be less than 3,5 times the reading distance in metres, and the nominal
character width shall be 0,7 times the character height. Check that instruments meant to be
operated, or fitted in connection with controls are readable from a distance of at least 1 m,
and that other instruments are readable from a distance of at least 2 m.
Check that the controls and indicators are identified in English, and that the identifications
provided in the equipment standard are used.
Check that indicators are satisfactorily positioned relative to the operator's line of sight, and
are not obscured when operating associated controls under normal operating conditions.
6.1.5 (4.2.1.5) Screen display and indicators
Check that menus are grouped according to the task environment. Check that hierarchical
menu structures have been designed to minimise the number of steps required and that the
user has an indication of current position in the menu. Check that each menu option list does
not exceed 10 options.
If menu selections are made of keyed codes, check that each code is the first letter or letters
of the displayed option label rather than an arbitrary letter.
Check that a menu displays only those options currently available in the current context to the
user. Check that menu items are highlighted when the cursor passes over them.
Check that for menu items that can be in an “On” or “Off” state the “On” state should be
indicated by making the item perceptually distinct and that selection of menu items with “On”
and “Off” states change their state.
Check that items which appear the same behave consistently by, for instance,
checking for consistent display format and selection logic in hierarchical menus,
checking that menus used in different displays are consistent,
checking that menus are displayed in consistent screen locations,
checking for consistent input prompts and checking that labels are consistent.
Check that the user does not have to remember information from one part of a dialogue to
Check that the system employs marine terminology conforming with the SMCPs where
Check that displayed text is easy to understand wherever possible.
Check that where additional on-line help is available it is in task dependent form, easy to
search and list the steps to be carried out.
Check that in all operations the system state is observable with essential data displayed.
Check that all information required by the user to perform an operation is available on the
Check that feedback timing is consistent with the task requirements. Check that there is a
clear feedback from any action within a short time. Check that where a perceptible delay in
response occurs, a visible indication is given.
Check that it is possible at any step of a screen supported operation to return with one action
to the original status before the operation was started.
Check that any mode in use is distinctively identified by the display.
Check that displays present the simplest information consistent with their function, information
irrelevant to the task is not displayed, and extraneous text and graphics is not present.
Check that displayed text is clearly legible to the user. Check that the font and size of
alphanumeric characters is consistent. For any font used, check that it is possible to clearly
distinguish between the characters: X and K, T and Y, I and L, I and 1, 0, O and Q, S and 5
and U and V.
Check that the unit of measure is indicated for any data.
Check that all information is presented on a background of high contrast.
Check that highlighting is easily recognisable and is disabled when it is no longer applicable.
Check that flashing is only used to signal an alarm and that only a small percentage of the
screen is flashing at any one time. Check that if a user is required to read alarm text a
marker symbol shall flash rather than the text. Check that no more than two flash rates are
used and that they are then time synchronised.
6.1.6 (4.2.1.6) Voice Announcement
Check that voice announcements are in plain language, using marine terminology conformimg
with the SMCPs where appropriate, and in the English language.
Check that it is possible to adjust the volume to extinction and that sudden changes in
loudness do not occur.
Check that voice announcements stop when their associated indication or alarm is
Check that failure of the voice announcement system does not degrade the operation of the
provided indicators and alarms
6.1.7 (4.2.1.7) Safety of operation
Check that the system attempts to prevent ascertainable user-action error from occurring.
Check that all actions that may cause irreversible errors requires a confirmation before
Check that when an action causes a detectable error the system gives clear feedback such as
by including UNDO and/or REDO options where possible.
Check that the EUT makes use of any quality indication contained in the input from other
systems or sources.
Check that the user has available means to return to a known safe state with a single action.
6.1.8 (4.2.1.8) Distress alert
Check that a distress alert is only activated by means of a dedicated distress button, and that
it is not a key of an ITU-T digital input panel, or of an ISO keyboard on the equipment. Check
that the button is physically separated from functional buttons/keys used for normal operation.
Check that the button is a single button used for no other purpose than to initiate a distress
Check that the dedicated distress button is clearly identified by being red in colour and
marked “DISTRESS”. Where a non-transparent protective lid or cover is used check that this
is also marked “DISTRESS”.
Check that the dedicated distress button is protected against inadvertent operation by means
of a spring loaded lid or cover permanently attached to the equipment e.g. by hinges. Check
that it is not necessary for a user to remove additional seals or to break the lid or cover in
order to operate the distress button.
Check that the distress alert initiation requires at least two independent actions. Lifting the
protective lid or cover is considered as the first action. Pressing the distress button is
considered as the second independent action.
Check that the equipment indicates the status of a distress alert transmission by checking that
the distress button generates a visible and audible indication. Check that when the distress
button is pressed a flashing light and intermittent acoustic signal start immediately. Check
that after the distress button has been pressed for at least 3 s the transmission of the distress
alert is initiated and the indication becomes steady.
Check that it is not possible to interrupt the transmission of a distress alert or distress
message which is in progress, but that it is possible to interrupt repetitive transmissions of a
6.2.1 (4.2.2.1) General
Check that provision has been made for the removal of, or for blocking off, the position of
controls of any optional facilities which are not fitted.
Check that operational controls, the inadvertent exercise of which could switch off the
equipment, lead to performance degradation, or to false indications not obvious to the
operator, are specially protected against unintentional operation.
Check that the design of the EUT is such that misuse of the controls required for normal
operation, and which are accessible to the operator, shall not cause damage to the equipment
Check that where a digital input panel with the digits "0" to "9" is provided, the digits are
arranged to conform with ITU-T Recommendation E.161 (4x3 array) or, alternatively, where
an alpha-numeric keyboard layout, as used on office machinery and data processing
equipment, is provided, the digits "0" to "9" are arranged to conform with ISO 3791.
6.2.2 (4.2.2.2) Alarms and Indicators
Check that the EUT is provided with facilities which permit the testing of all operational
indicators (alarm, warning and routine), displays and audible devices. Check audible alarms
as described in 11.1.
Check that alarm indications are red, or if on displays, red or otherwise highlighted.
Check that warning and alarm indications show no self-illumination in the "safe" condition,
and that any indirect illumination is low enough to avoid false indications.
6.2.3 (4.2.2.3) Illumination
Check that any illumination provided in the EUT is adequate for operation of the equipment
under all expected conditions of ambient illumination.
Check that means are provided for dimming the output of any light source of the equipment
which is capable of interfering with navigation.
Check that any external illumination required is clearly identified in the equipment manual.
Check that warning and alarm indicator lamps cannot be dimmed below reading intensity.
Check that the illumination is dazzle-free and adjustable to extinction, except for those
warning and alarm indicators which are illuminated in the warning/alarm condition, and
indicators required for equipment reactivation or distress alerting, which are to be clearly
visible in all appropriate conditions of ambient illumination.
Check that controls which are not illuminated, such as tracker balls, are locatable easily and
unambiguously by tactile means.
Check that all information is presented with high contrast on a low-reflectance background
which emits negligible light at night.
Check that transparent covers to instruments cannot cause reflections which reduce
readability to an unacceptable level.
Check that adjustable dimming from full brightness is provided for all lamps which are to be
used in conditions of varying ambient illumination.
(4.2.3.1) General
Check documentation for compliance with 4.2.3.1.
6.3.2 (4.2.3.2) Safety of operation
Check documentation for compliance with 4.2.3.2
Check that software defaults, where applicable, are inserted in all modes of operation and
that the default value:
facilitates the preferred or expected operation of the equipment in accordance with the
applicable equipment standards
does not lead to an unexpected or invalid operation, and
has the effect of minimising the number of inputs or transmissions into the system under
Check that the software prevents an operation or warns an operator when attempting an input
that leads to an invalid operation of the equipment.
Check that the operator has the possibility to choose a value other than the default value.
Check that operations not required for normal operation, or which may adversley affect
system performance, are not readily accessible.
6.3.3 (4.2.3.3) Monitoring
Check documentation for compliance with 4.2.3.3.
6.3.4 (4.2.3.4) Operation
Check documentation for compliance with 4.2.3.4.
(4.2.4) Inter-unit connection
Check with the manufacturer of the EUT, using equipment documentation if necessary, that
when it is connected to, and operating with, other units of equipment, arrangements have
been provided to maintain the performance of the EUT and of the other units. In particular:
check that the software interfaces between the EUT and other equipment are tested, and
that special test software is provided for this purpose if necessary;
ensure that arrangements have been made to achieve electrical separation and isolation
between the EUT and the equipment to which it may be connected, if appropriate, such as
by checking that:
a) an exchange of any signals between units is carried out with minimum effect on the
b) there is no loading of circuits or mismatch of transmission lines, particularly on highfrequency or fast-rise time signals;
c) a capability exists of sustaining a 1 kV isolation between units of equipment.
7.1 (4.3.1) Extreme power supply
7 Power supply – Methods of testing and required test results
Tests and performance checks at extreme power supply conditions shall be performed under
the environmental conditions indicated in table 2.
Table 2 – Schedule of performance tests and checks
These tests may be carried out together with those of 8.
7.2 (4.3.2) Excessive conditions
For the relevant requirements to be met, see 5.2.3.
7.3 (4.3.3) Power supply short-term variation
For the relevant test, see 10.7.
7.4 (4.3.3) Power supply failure
For the relevant test, see 10.8.
8 (4.4) Durability and resistance to environmental conditions – Methods of
Prior to testing, the EUT shall be visually inspected, and shall then be preconditioned and
mechanically and electrically checked as required by the equipment standard.
All tests shall be carried out with the EUT in its normal operational configuration, including
mounting and supports, and with all mechanical arrangements secure.
The test chamber shall simulate free air conditions as closely as possible, either by virtue of
its large size relative to the EUT, or by forced air circulation. The inside of the chamber shall
be treated to avoid re-radiation of the heat dissipated by the EUT. The maximum rate of
raising or reducing the temperature of the chamber in which the EUT is being tested shall be
1 °C/min and, except where otherwise stated, the humidity in the test chamber shall be
controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
The EUT shall be subjected to performance tests (PT) and performance checks (PC) under
normal and extreme test conditions in the combinations indicated in table 2.
A performance check shall be carried out under normal test conditions, following each
The EUT shall operate correctly in accordance with its equipment standard during each test or
The environmental conditions for tests to be carried out on each unit of an EUT in each of the
categories given in 4.4 are summarised in table 3 below, and examples of equipment in each
category are given in annex D.
Table 3 – Durability and resistance to environmental conditions
(storage +70 °C)
+40 °C 93 % relative humidity 1 cycle
Drop onto hard surface
(storage –30 °C)
45 K into water
6 drops from 1 m
3 drops from 20 m
Sweep 2 Hz – 13,2 Hz at ± 1 mm, 13,2 Hz – 100 Hz at 7 m/s 2 and for 2 h
on each resonance, otherwise 2 h at 30 Hz in all three axes
10 kPa (0,1 bar)
for two-way VHF
12,5 mm nozzle
100 l/min at 3 m
1120 W/m 2
ISO Oil No. 1
24 h, 19 °C
Four periods of seven days at 40 °C with 90 % – 95 % relative humidity
after 2 h salt spray
At the end of each test under extreme environmental conditions, the EUT shall be exposed to
normal environmental conditions (5.2.1) for not less than 3 h, or until moisture has dispersed,
whichever is the longer, before the next test is carried out. Moisture dispersal may be
assisted by agitating the EUT, or by subjecting it to a blast of air at normal temperature.
8.2.1 Storage test (portable, exposed and submerged equipment)
8.2.1.1 Purpose
To simulate the effects of temperature stress on equipment in the non-operating (un-powered)
mode. A temperature of +70 °C is the maximum likely to be encountered in enclosed spaces
on ships and in equipment exposed to the full effects of solar radiation in ports.
8.2.1.2 Method of test
The EUT shall be placed in a chamber at normal room temperature and relative humidity.
The temperature shall then be raised to and maintained at +70 °C ± 3 °C, for a period of 10 h
to 16 h.
At the end of the test, the EUT shall be returned to normal environmental conditions and then
subjected to a performance check as specified in the relevant equipment standard (see 7.1).
Further information is given in IEC 60068-2-2 and IEC 60068-2-48.
8.2.1.3 Required result
The requirements of the performance check shall be met.
8.2.2 Functional test (portable, protected and exposed equipment)
8.2.2.1 Purpose
To determine the ability of equipment to be operated at high ambient temperatures and to
operate through temperature changes. The reasonable maximum air temperature likely to be
encountered over the sea is +32 °C and the maximum solar gain at sea is +23 °C giving
+55 °C as the maximum temperature likely to be encountered by ships at sea.
8.2.2.2 Method of test
The EUT shall be placed in a chamber at normal room temperature and relative humidity. The
EUT and, if appropriate any climatic control devices with which it is provided shall then be
switched on. The temperature shall then be raised to and maintained at +55 °C ± 3 °C.
At the end of a soak period of 10 h to 16 h at +55 °C ± 3 °C, the EUT shall be subjected to a
performance test and check as specified in the relevant equipment standard (See 7.1)
The temperature of the chamber shall be maintained at +55 °C ± 3 °C during the whole
performance test period.
At the end of the test, the EUT shall be returned to normal environmental conditions.
Further information is given in IEC 60068-2-2.
8.2.2.3 Required results
The requirements of the performance test and check shall be met.
8.3.1 Functional test (portable, protected and exposed equipment)
8.3.1.1 Purpose
To determine the ability of equipment to be operated under conditions of high humidity. A
single cycle is used with an upper temperature limit of +40 °C which is the maximum that
occurs in the earth's surface atmosphere with a relative humidity of 95 %.
8.3.1.2 Method of test
The temperature shall then be raised to +40 °C ± 2 °C, and the relative humidity raised to
93 % ± 3 % over a period of 3 h ± 0,5 h. These conditions shall be maintained for a period of
10 h to 16 h. Any climatic control devices provided in the EUT may be switched on at the
conclusion of this period.
The EUT shall be switched on 30 min later, or after such period as agreed by the
manufacturer, and shall be kept operational for at least 2 h during which period the EUT shall
be subjected to a performance check as specified in the relevant equipment standard.
The temperature and relative humidity of the chamber shall be maintained as specified during
the whole test period.
At the end of the test period and with the EUT still in the chamber, the chamber shall be
brought to room temperature in not less than 1 h.
At the end of the test the EUT shall be returned to normal environmental conditions.
Further information is given in IEC 60068-2-30.
8.3.1.3 Required result
8.4.1 Storage test (portable equipment)
8.4.1.1 Purpose
mode. It is applied to the portable equipment because of the importance that emergency
equipment functions correctly after prolonged non-operation.
8.4.1.2 Method of test
The temperature shall then be lowered to and maintained at –30 °C ± 3 °C, for a period of 10
h to 16 h.
At the end of the test period, the EUT shall be returned to normal environmental conditions
and then subjected to a performance check as specified in the relevant equipment standard
(see 7.1).
Further information is given in IEC 60068-2-48.
8.4.2 Functional tests
8.4.2.1 Purpose
8.4.1.3 Required result
8.4.2.2 Method of test (portable equipment)
To determine the ability of equipment to be operated at low temperatures and also to
demonstrate the ability of equipment to start up at low ambient temperatures.
temperature shall then be reduced to, and maintained at –20 °C ± 3 °C, for a period of 10 h to
16 h. Any climatic control devices provided in the EUT may be switched on at the conclusion
be subjected to a performance check test and check as specified in the relevant equipment
standard (see 7.1)
The temperature of the chamber shall be maintained at –20 °C ± 3 °C during the whole test
Further information is given in IEC 60068-2-1.
8.4.2.3 Required result
8.4.2.4 Method of test (protected equipment)
The EUT shall be subject to the conditions specified for portable equipment except that the
temperature of the chamber shall be reduced to, and maintained at –15 °C ± 3 °C.
8.4.2.5 Required result
8.4.2.6 Method of test (exposed equipment)
temperature of the chamber shall be reduced to, and maintained at –25 °C ± 3 °C.
8.4.2.7 Required result
To determines the ability of portable equipment to function correctly after sudden immersion
in water from storage at high temperature.
8.5.2 Method of test
The EUT shall be placed in an atmosphere of +70 °C ± 3 °C for 1 h. It shall then be immersed
in water at +25 °C ± 3 °C to a depth of 100 mm ± 5 mm, measured from the highest point of
the EUT to the surface of the water, for a period of 1 h.
At the end of the test the EUT shall be subjected to a performance check, and shall then be
examined for damage and for unwanted ingress of water. Following examination, the EUT
shall be resealed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Alternatively, if there are
no external signs of unwanted ingress of water, an internal examination of the EUT, which
involves disturbance to seals, may be carried out after all environmental tests have been
8.5.3 Required result
The requirements of the performance check shall be met. There shall be no damage to the
EUT or ingress of water. The findings shall be noted in the test report.
8.6.1 Drop on hard surface
8.6.1.1 Purpose
8.6.1.2 Method of test
To simulate the effects of a free fall of an equipment onto the deck of a ship resulting from
mishandling. It is applicable only to portable VHF radios, that are most likely to suffer
A series of six drops shall be carried out; one on each face of the EUT.
The test surface shall consist of a piece of solid hard wood with a thickness of at least 150
mm and a mass of 30 kg or more.
The height of the lowest part of the EUT relative to the test surface at the moment of release
shall be 1000 mm ± 10 mm.
The EUT shall be subjected to this test configured for use as in operational circumstances.
examined for external indications of damage.
8.6.1.3 Required result
The requirements of the performance check shall be met. There shall be no visible external
indications of damage that could affect the functionality of the EUT. The findings shall be
8.6.2 Drop into water
8.6.2.1 Purpose
To simulate the effects of a free fall of an equipment into the sea from the deck of a ship 20 m
above. It is applicable only to portable equipment, which have an operational requirement to
be deployed in this way. It is not applicable to portable VHF radios, as there is no requirement
for this equipment to float.
8.6.2.2 Method of test
A series of three drops shall be carried out. Each drop shall be performed with the initial
position of the EUT different from the preceding one. The height of the lowest part of the EUT
under test relative to the water surface at the moment of release shall be 20 m ± 1 m.
no external signs of unwanted ingress of water, an internal examination which involves
disturbance to seals may be carried out after all environmental tests have been completed.
8.6.2.3 Required result
8.7.2 Method of test
To determine the ability of equipment to withstand vibration without resulting in mechanical
weakness or degradation in performance. The test simulates the effect of vibration induced in
a ship's hull by its propeller and machinery. This is generally at frequencies of up to 13 Hz
and predominantly vertical. The tests at higher frequencies simulate the effect of slamming
which occurs in irregular stormy seas, and is predominantly horizontal. The test does not
simulate the effect of regular seas giving the translational components of surging, swaying
and heaving, and the corresponding rotational components of rolling, pitching and yawing
which generally produce accelerations too small to be of consequence to electronic
The EUT, complete with any shock and vibration absorbers with which it is provided, shall be
fastened to the vibration table by its normal means of support and in its normal attitude. The
EUT may be resiliently suspended to compensate for weight not capable of being withstood
by the vibration table. Provision may be made to reduce or nullify any adverse effect on EUT
performance which might be caused by the presence of an electromagnetic field due to the
The EUT shall be subjected to sinusoidal vertical vibration at all frequencies between:
2 Hz to 5 Hz and up to 13,2 Hz with an excursion of ±1 mm ± 10 %
(7 m/s maximum acceleration at 13,2 Hz);
above 13,2 Hz and up to 100 Hz with a constant maximum acceleration of 7 m/s .
The frequency sweep rate shall be 0.5 octaves/min in order to allow the detection of
resonances in any part of the EUT as mounted.
A resonance search shall be carried out throughout the test. During the resonance search the
EUT shall be externally observed, by unaided visual and aural means, for obvious signs of
any resonances of components or sub-assemblies, that may affect the integrity of the EUT.
Such observations shall be recorded in the test report. If any resonance, as measured by a
sensor fixed to the outside of the EUT at the location where obvious signs of resonance have
been observed, has a magnitude ratio &gt;= 5 measured relative to the surface where the EUT is
fastened, the EUT shall be subjected to a vibration endurance test at each resonant
frequency at the vibration level specified in the test with a duration of 2 h. When resonant
frequencies with magnitude ratios &gt;=5 are harmonically related only the fundamental
frequency shall be tested. If no resonance with a magnitude ratio &gt;= 5 occurs, the endurance
test shall be carried out at one single observed frequency. If no resonance occurred, the
endurance test shall be carried out at a frequency of 30 Hz.
Performance check(s) shall be carried out at least once during each endurance test period,
and once before the end of each endurance test period.
Further information is given in IEC 60068-2-6.
8.7.3 Required result
The procedure shall be repeated with vibration in each of two mutually perpendicular
8.8.2 Method of test
To simulate the effects of rain, sea spray and light breaking seas on equipment. It is
applicable to exposed equipment mounted above deck level such as antennas. It is not
applicable to portable equipment, as these are required to meet a more stringent immersion
The test shall be carried out by spraying the EUT from all practicable directions with a stream
of water from a standard test nozzle (hose) as shown in figure 6 of IEC 60529. The EUT shall
operate throughout the test.
internal diameter of nozzle: 12,5 mm;
delivery rate: 100 l/min ± 5 % ;
water pressure: to be adjusted to achieve the specified delivery rate;
core of substantial stream: circle of approximately 120 mm diameter at distance 2,5 m
from nozzle;
test duration: approximately 30 min;
distance from nozzle to the equipment surface: approximately 3 m.
shall be resealed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Alternatively, if there are no external signs of unwanted ingress of water, an internal
examination which involves disturbance to seals may be carried out after all environmental
Further guidance is given in IEC 60529, table III, second characteristic numeral 6: protected
against powerful water jets.
8.8.3 Required result
indications of damage or of unwanted ingress of water. The findings shall be noted in the test
8.9.1 Submerged equipment
8.9.1.1 Purpose
To simulate the effects of water pressure on equipment intended to be mounted permanently
8.9.1.2 Method of test
A hydraulic pressure of 600 kPa (6 bar) shall be applied for a period of 12 h to that part of the
EUT that is normally in contact with the water. The remainder of the EUT shall be exposed to
8.9.1.3 Required result
8.9.2 Portable equipment
8.9.2.1 Purpose
The requirements of the performance check shall be met.. There shall be no visible external
To simulate the effects of water pressure on equipment which may be required to float free
8.9.2.2 Method of test
A hydraulic pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar) shall be applied to the EUT for a period of 5 min.
8.9.2.3 Required result
8.9.3 Portable equipment (temporary immersion)
8.9.3.1 Purpose
To simulate the effects of water pressure on VHF portable radio equipment which although
not designed to float may experience a temporary immersion whilst attached to a survivor.
8.9.3.2 Method of test
The EUT shall be subject to the test corresponding to IEC 60529, table III, second
characteristic numeral 7: protected against the effects of temporary immersion in water.
The test shall be carried out by completely immersing the EUT in water so that the following
the highest point of the EUT is located 1 m below the surface of the water;
the duration of the test is 5 min;
the water temperature does not differ from that of the equipment by more than 5 K.
8.9.3.3 Required result
8.10.1 Waiver
8.10.2 Purpose
The solar radiation test shall be waived where the manufacturer is able to produce evidence
that the components, materials and finishes employed in the equipment would satisfy the test.
To simulate the effects of continuous solar radiation on equipment which are intended to be
mounted above deck levels and exposed to the weather.
8.10.3 Method of test
The EUT shall be placed on a suitable support and exposed continuously to a simulated solar
radiation source as specified in table 4 for 80 h. The intensity at the test point, which shall
also include any radiation reflected from the test enclosure, shall be 1120 W/m ± 10 % with a
spectral distribution as given in table 4.
At the end of the test, the EUT shall be subjected to a performance check and an examination
Further information is given in IEC 60068-2-5 and IEC 60068-2-9.
8.10.4 Required result
The requirements of the performance check shall be met. There shall be no signs of harmful
deterioration of the equipment, including labelling.
Table 4 – Spectral energy distribution and permitted tolerances
Ultraviolet B*
0,40 – 0,52
0,64 – 0,78
0,78 – 3,00
Radiation shorter than 0,30 µm reaching the earth’s surface is insignificant.
8.11.1 Waiver
The oil test shall be waived where the manufacturer is able to produce evidence that the
components, materials and finishes employed in the equipment would satisfy the test.
8.11.2 Purpose
To simulate the effects of mineral oil on equipment.
8.11.3 Method of test
The EUT shall be immersed at a temperature of 19 °C ± 5 °C for 3 h in a mineral oil of the
aniline point: 120 °C ± 5 °C;
flashpoint: minimum 240 °C;
viscosity: (10 – 25) cST at 99 °C.
ASTM oil No. 1;
ASTM oil No. 5;
ISO oil No. 1.
The following oils may be used:
After the test, the EUT shall be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
The EUT shall then be subjected to a performance check and an examination with the naked
8.11.4 Required result
The requirements of the performance check shall be met. The EUT shall show no signs
of damage such as shrinking, cracking, swelling, dissolution or change of mechanical
8.12.1 Waiver
The corrosion test shall be waived where the manufacturer is able to produce evidence that
the components, materials and finishes employed in the equipment would satisfy the test.
8.12.2 Purpose
To determine the ability of an equipment to be exposed to a salt laden atmosphere without
physical degradation. The cyclic nature of the test produces an acceleration of effects
compared with service conditions.
8.12.3 Method of test
The EUT shall be placed in a chamber and sprayed with a salt solution for 2 h at normal
temperature. The salt solution shall be prepared by dissolving (5 ± 1) parts by weight of
sodium chloride (NaCl) in 95 parts by weight of distilled or demineralised water.
At the end of the spraying period, the EUT shall be placed in a chamber which shall be
maintained at a temperature of 40 °C ± 2 °C, and a relative humidity between 90 % and 95 %
for a period of seven days.
The EUT shall be subjected to a test comprising four spraying periods, each of duration 2 h,
with a storage period of seven days after each.
At the conclusion of the test the EUT shall be inspected with the naked eye without
magnification. The EUT shall then be subjected to a performance check.
Further information is given in IEC 60068-2-52.
8.12.4 Required result
The requirements of the performance check shall be met. There shall be no undue
deterioration or corrosion of metal parts.
(4.5.1) Electromagnetic emission – Methods of testing and required
During the measurements for electromagnetic emission, the EUT shall operate under normal
test conditions, and the setting of controls which may affect the level of conducted or radiated
emission shall be varied in order to ascertain the maximum emission level. If the EUT has
more than one energised state, for example operate, stand-by, etc., the state which produces
the maximum emission level shall be ascertained, and full measurements for that state shall
be made. The antenna connection of the EUT, if any, shall be terminated in a non-radiating
artificial antenna.
For radiated emission tests, equipment including a radio transmitter operating within the
measurement bands shall be in the operational state but not the transmitting state.
For conducted emission tests with equipment including a radio transmitter, there shall be an
exclusion band of 200 kHz centred at the fundamental and any harmonics within the
measurement band.
Particular interfaces of the EUT with the external electromagnetic environment are referred to
as ports. The physical boundary of the EUT through which electromagnetic fields may radiate
or impinge is the enclosure port (figure 1).
Conditions and tests are summarised in table 5 below. Examples of equipment in each
Table 5 – Electromagnetic emission
150 kHz – 350 kHz
350 kHz – 30 MHz
63 mV – 0,3 mV (96 dBµV – 50 dBµV)
1 mV – 0,3 mV (60 dBµV – 50 dBµV)
0,3 mV (50 dBµV)
30 MHz – 2 GHz
156 MHz – 165 MHz
500 µV/m (54 dBµV/m) except for
16 µV/m (24 dBµV/m) quasi-peak
or 32 µV/m (30 dBµV/m) peak
9.2 Conducted emissions (all equipment categories except portable)
To measure any signals generated by equipment, which appear on its power supply port and
which can, therefore, be conducted into the ship’s power supply, and potentially disturb other
9.2.2 Method of test
The emission shall be measured by means of the quasi-peak measuring receivers specified in
CISPR 16-1. An artificial mains V-network (figure 3) in accordance with CISPR 16-1 shall be
used to provide a defined impedance at high frequencies across the terminals of the EUT, and
to isolate the test circuit from unwanted radiofrequency signals on the supply mains. The
measuring bandwidth in the frequency range 10 kHz to 150 kHz shall be 200 Hz, and in the
frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz shall be 9 kHz.
The power input cables between the a.c. and the d.c. power ports of the EUT and the artificial
mains network shall be screened and not exceed 0.8 m in length. If the EUT consists of more
than one unit with individual a.c. and/or d.c. power ports, power ports of identical nominal
supply voltage may be connected in parallel to the artificial mains supply network.
Measurements shall be made with all measuring equipment and the EUT mounted on, and
bonded to, an earth plane. Where provision of an earth plane is not practicable, equivalent
arrangements shall be made using the metallic frame or mass of the EUT as the earth
9.2.3 Required result
In the frequency range 10 kHz to 30 MHz the radiofrequency voltage of the power supply
terminals of the EUT shall not exceed the limits shown in figure 2.
Radiated emissions from enclosure port (all equipment categories except
To measure any signals radiated by an equipment other than through an antenna which can
potentially disturb other equipment on the ship, such as radio receivers.
9.3.2 Method of test
a) The quasi-peak measuring receivers specified in CISPR 16-1 shall be used. The receiver
bandwidth in the frequency ranges 30 MHz to 2 GHz shall be 120 kHz.
Measurements shall be made of the electric E field. The measuring antenna shall be a
balanced dipole of resonant length, or alternate shortened dipole or higher gain antenna as
described in CISPR 16-1. The dimension of the measuring antenna in the direction of the EUT
shall not exceed 20 % of its distance from the EUT. At frequencies above 80 MHz it shall be
possible to vary the height of the centre of the measuring antenna above the ground over a
range of 1 m to 4 m. The test site shall be compliant with CISPR 16-1, using a metal ground
plane and of dimensions to allow a measurement distance of 3 m.
The EUT shall be fully assembled, complete with its associated interconnecting cables and
mounted in its normal plane of operation.
When the EUT consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting cables (other than
microwave) between the main unit and all other units shall be the maximum length as
specified by the manufacturer or 20 m whichever is shorter. Available input and output ports
shall be connected to the maximum length of cable as specified by the manufacturer or 20 m
whichever is shorter, and terminated to simulate the impedance of the ancillary equipment to
which they are normally connected.
The excess length of these cables shall be bundled at the approximate centre of the cable
with bundles 30 cm to 40 cm in length running in the horizontal plane from the port to which
they are connected. If it is impractical to do so because of cable bulk or stiffness, the
disposition of the excess cable shall be as close as possible to that required, and shall be
precisely described in the test report.
The test antenna shall be placed at a distance of 3 m from the EUT. The centre of the
antenna shall beat least 1.5 m above the ground plane. The E-field antenna only shall be
adjusted in height and rotated to give horizontal and vertical polarisation, one being parallel to
the ground, in order to determine the maximum emission level. Finally the antenna shall either
be moved around the EUT, again in order to determine the maximum emission level, or
alternatively, the EUT may be placed on a plane orthogonal to the test antenna at its midpoint and rotated to achieve the same effect.
b) In addition, for the frequency band 156 – 165 MHz, the measurement shall be repeated
with a receiver bandwidth of 9 kHz, all other conditions of a) hereabove remaining
9.3.3 Required result
c) Alternatively, for the frequency band 156 –165 MHz, a peak receiver or a frequency
analyser may be used, in accordance with the agreement between the manufacturer and
a) The radiation limit at a distance of 3 m from the enclosure port over the frequency range
30 MHz to 2 GHz shall be as shown in figure 4.
b) The radiation limit at a distance of 3 m from the enclosure port over the frequency 156 –
165 MHz shall be 24 dBµV/m.
c) The radiation limit at a distance of 3 m from the enclosure port over the frequency 156 –
165 MHz shall be 30 dBµV/m.
10 (4.5.1) Immunity to electromagnetic environment – Methods of testing and
For these tests the EUT shall conform to its normal operational configuration, mounting and
earthing arrangements, unless otherwise stated, and shall operate under normal test
Differential tests are those applied between electrical power, signal and control lines.
Common mode tests are those applied between groups of lines and a common reference,
normally earth.
For the tests in this subclause, the results are evaluated against performance criteria relating
to the operating conditions and functional specifications of the EUT, and defined as follows:
performance criterion A: the EUT shall continue to operate as intended during and after
the test. No degradation of performance or loss of function is allowed, as defined in the
relevant equipment standard and in the technical specification published by the
performance criterion B: the EUT shall continue to operate as intended after the test. No
degradation of performance or loss of function is allowed, as defined in the relevant
equipment standard and in the technical specification published by the manufacturer.
During the test, degradation or loss of function or performance which is self-recoverable is
however, allowed, but no change of actual operating state or stored data is allowed.
performance criterion C: temporary degradation or loss of function or performance is
allowed during the test, provided the function is self-recoverable, or can be restored at the
end of the test by the operation of the controls, as defined in the relevant equipment
standard and in the technical specification published by the manufacturer.
Conditions and tests are summarised in table 6 below, which also gives the performance
criteria required for the radio equipment and navigational equipment covered by 1a) and 1b)
of the scope of this standard. For other equipment, the performance criteria will be given in
the relevant equipment standard or the technical specification published by the manufacturer,
but as a minimum the EUT shall comply with performance criterion C. Examples of equipment
in each category are given in annex D.
Table 6 – Electromagnetic immunity
interference (10.3)
discharge (10.9)
1 kV line/earth, 0,5 kV line/line
Performance criterion B
± 20 % voltage for 1,5 s, ± 10 % frequency for 5 s
2 kV differential on a.c. power ports
1 kV common mode on signal and control ports
term variation (10.7)
3 V r.m.s. e.m.f. 150 kHz – 80 MHz, 10 V r.m.s. e.m.f.
at specified spot frequencies.
a.c. and d.c. power ports, signal and control ports, common mode.
Performance criterion A.
10 V/m 80 MHz – 2 GHz
Performance criterion A
(surges)(10.6)
interference (10.4)
(bursts) (10.5)
60 s interruption
a.c. and d.c. power ports
Performance criterion C
If the EUT includes a radio receiver, then frequencies in the exclusion band, together with any
narrow band receiver responses (spurious responses), are excluded from the immunity tests
for conducted and radiated interference.
10.2.1 Exclusion band
The exclusion band for receivers is defined as the operating frequency band of the receiver,
as declared by the manufacturer, extended at each end by 5% of the end of band frequency.
10.2.2 Assessment of receiver responses
The permissible narrow band responses (spurious responses) are identified by the following
If the test signal (unwanted signal) creates a degradation of performance at a discrete
frequency the test signal frequency is increased by an amount equal to twice the bandwidth of
the receiver IF filter immediately preceding the demodulator, as declared by the manufacturer.
The test signal is then decreased by the same amount.
If there is no degradation of performance at both of these offset frequencies, then the
response is considered to be a permissible narrow band response. If the degradation
remains, this may be due to the fact that the offset has made the frequency of the test signal
correspond to the frequency of another narrow band response. This may be identified by
repeating the procedure with the increase and decrease of the frequency of the test signal
adjusted two and one half times the bandwidth previously referred to.
If the degradation still remains then the response cannot be considered to be a permissible
narrow band response.
10.3 Immunity to conducted radio frequency interference
10.3.2 Method of test
To simulate the effects of disturbances induced in power, signal and control lines from ship’s
radio transmitters at frequencies below 80 MHz.
The EUT shall be place on an insulating support of 0,1 m height above a ground reference
plane (figure 5). The auxiliary equipment (AE) necessary to provide the EUT with power, and
the signals required for normal operation and verification of performance shall be connected
by cables, which shall be provided with appropriate coupling and decoupling devices (CDNs)
at a distance between 0,1 m and 0,3 m from the EUT (figure 6). IEC 61000-4-6 describes the
design of CDNs and alternative injection clamps if the use of CDNs is not possible.
The test shall be performed with the test generator connected to each of the CDNs in turn,
while the other non-excited RF input ports to the CDNs are terminated by a 50 Ω load resistor.
The test generator shall be set for each CDN with the AE and the EUT disconnected and
replaced by resistors of value 150 Ω. The test generator level shall be set to provide an
unmodulated e.m.f. at the EUT port of the required test level.
The test shall be carried out as described in IEC 61000-4-6 with the following test levels:
3 V r.m.s. amplitude swept over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz (severity level 2);
10 V r.m.s. amplitude at spot frequencies: 2 MHz, 3 MHz, 4 MHz, 6,2 MHz, 8,2 MHz, 12,6
MHz, 16,5 MHz, 18,8 MHz, 22 MHz and 25 MHz.
During testing, amplitude modulation at 400 Hz ±10 % to a depth of 80 % ± 10 % shall be
The frequency sweep rate shall not exceed 1,5 x 10
detection of any malfunction of the EUT.
decades/s in order to allow for the
The above signals shall be superimposed on the power, signal and control lines of the EUT.
An EMC performance check shall be applied during and after the test.
10.3.3 Required result
The requirements of the EMC performance check shall be met during and after the test in
accordance with the performance criterion A, as described in 10.1.
(all equipment categories except
10.4 Immunity to radiated radiofrequencies
submerged )
To simulates the effects of radio transmitters at frequencies above 80 MHz, such as the ship's
VHF transmitter and hand-held portable radios, close to the equipment.
10.4.2 Method of test
The EUT shall be installed in a suitably shielded room or anechoic chamber of a size
commensurate with the size of the EUT (figure 7). The EUT shall be set in the area of uniform
field and insulated from the floor by a non-metallic support. The uniform area is calibrated
with the enclosure empty. The configuration of the EUT and associated cables shall be
If the wiring to and from the EUT is not specified, unshielded parallel conductors shall be
used, and left exposed to the electromagnetic fields for a distance of 1 m from the EUT.
The test shall be carried out as described in IEC 61000-4-3, at severity level 3, with the
generating antenna facing each of the four sides of the EUT. When equipment can be used in
different orientations (that is vertical or horizontal), the test shall be performed on all sides.
The EUT is initially placed with one face coincident with the calibration plane. The frequency
range shall be swept at a rate in the order of 1,5 × 10 –3 decades/s for the frequency range 80
MHz to 1 GHz and 0,5 × 10 –3 decades/s for the frequency range 1 GHz to 2 GHz, and shall
be slow enough to allow the detection of any malfunction of the EUT. Any sensitive
frequencies or frequencies of dominant interest shall be discretely analysed.
The EUT shall be placed in a modulated electric field of strength 10 V/m swept over the
frequency range 80 MHz to 2 GHz. The modulation shall be at 400 Hz ± 10 % to a depth of 80
% ± 10 %.
10.4.3 Required result
accordance with the performance criterion A, as described in 10.1
Immunity to fast transients on a.c. power, signal and control lines (all equipment
To simulate the fast, low-energy transients produced by equipment switching which causes
arcing at contacts.
10.5.2 Method of test
The test shall be carried out as described in IEC 61000-4-4, at test severity level 3, using a
test generator complying with 6.1.1 of IEC 61000-4-4, a coupling/decoupling network
complying with 6.2 of IEC 61000-4-4 for power lines, and a capacitive coupling clamp
complying with 6.3 of IEC 61000-4-4 for signal and control lines (figure 8).
Pulses of the following characteristics shall be applied to its power, control and signal lines:
5 ns (value between 10 % and 90 %)
50 ns (50 % value)
2 kV differential on a.c. power lines
1 kV common mode on signal and control lines
5 kHz (1 kV), 2,5 kHz (2 kV)
15 ms burst every 300 ms
3 min to 5 min for each of positive and negative polarity pulses
10.5.3 Required result
accordance with the performance criterion B, as described in 10.1.
Immunity to surges on a.c. power lines (all equipment categories except
To simulate the slow, high-energy surges produced by thyristor switching on a.c. power
10.6.2 Method of test
The test shall be carried out as described in IEC 61000-4-5 at test severity level 2 using a
combination wave (hybrid) generator complying with 6.1 of IEC 61000-4-5 in combination with
a coupling/decoupling network complying with 6.3.1.1 of IEC 61000-4-5 (figure 9)
Pulses of the following characteristics shall be applied to its power lines:
1,2 µs (value between 10 % and 90 % )
50 µs (50 % value)
1 pulse/min
5 min for each of positive and negative polarity pulses
10.6.3 Required result
Immunity to power supply short-term variation (all equipment categories except
10.7.1 Waiver
This test is not applicable to d.c. powered equipment.
10.7.2 Purpose
To simulate power supply variations due to large changes in load. It is additional to the tests
under permanent power supply variation in extreme test conditions specified in table 1.
10.7.3 Method of test
Power supply variations shall be applied using a programmable power supply.
a) voltage: nominal + (20 ± 1) %, duration 1,5 s ± 0,2 s,
The EUT shall be submitted to the following power supply variations relative to nominal value
1/min for 10 min (figure 10):
frequency: nominal + (10 ± 0,5) %, duration 5 s ± 0,5 s, superimposed;
b) voltage: nominal – (20 ± 1) %, duration 1,5 s ± 0,2 s,
frequency: nominal – (10 ± 0,5) %, duration 5 s ± 0,5 s, superimposed.
Voltage and frequency variation rise and decay times are 0,2 s ± 0,1 s (from 10 % to 90 %).
Further information is given in IEC 61000-4-11.
10.7.4 Required result
Immunity to power supply failure (all equipment categories except portable)
10.8.1 Waiver
This test is not applicable to EUT intended for operation from battery power sources or fitted
with or connected to back-up batteries.
10.8.2 Purpose
To simulate short breaks in the ship's power supply due to power supply changeover and
breaker drop-out. It covers the break allowed by the IMO SOLAS Convention for changeover
between main and emergency power supplies.
10.8.3 Method of test
The EUT shall be subjected to three breaks in power supply of duration 60 s each.
Further information is in IEC 61000-4-11.
10.8.4 Required result
The requirements of the EMC performance check shall be met after the test in accordance
with the performance criterion C, as described in 10.1.There shall be no corruption of
operational software or loss of essential data.
10.9 Immunity to electrostatic discharge (all equipment categories except submerged)
To simulate the effect of electrostatic discharges from personnel which may occur in
environments which cause them to become charged, such as contact with artificial fibre
carpets or vinyl garments.
10.9.2 Method of test
The test shall be carried out as described in IEC 61000-4-2 using an electrostatic discharge
(ESD) generator, that is an energy storage capacitance of 150 pF and a discharge resistance
of 330 Ω connected to a discharge tip.
The EUT shall be placed on, but insulated from, a metal ground plane which projects at least
0,5 m beyond the EUT on all sides (figures 11 and 12). Discharges from the generator shall
be applied to those points and surfaces that are accessible to personnel during normal usage.
The ESD generator shall be held perpendicular to the surface, and the positions at which
discharges can be applied selected by an exploration with 20 discharges per second. Each
position shall then be tested with 10 discharges positive and negative with intervals of at least
1 s between discharges to allow for any mis-operation of the EUT to be observed. Contact
discharge is the preferred method; but air discharge shall be used where contact discharge
cannot be applied, such as on painted surfaces declared by the manufacturer to be insulating.
To simulate discharges on objects placed or installed near to the EUT, 10 single contact
discharges, positive and negative, shall be applied to the ground plane at positions on each
side of, and 0,1 m from, the EUT. A further 10 discharges shall be applied to the centre of one
edge of a vertical coupling plane (VCP), with this plane in enough different positions so that
the four faces of the EUT are completely illuminated.
The test levels shall be 6 kV contact discharge and 8 kV air discharge.
10.9.3 Required result
11 Special purpose tests – Methods of testing and required test results
wheelhouses and bridge wings)
To ensure that the acoustic noise generated by equipment which contributes to background
noise level does not interfere with communication or audible warnings. The test also
measures the signal alarm level generated by an equipment, when applicable.
11.1.2 Method of test
The EUT or parts thereof, intended for installation in wheelhouses or bridge wings, shall be
examined for acoustic noise by means of a sound-level meter complying with IEC 60651.
Audible alarms shall be switched off, and acoustic pressure radiated intentionally by any
remote transducer of the EUT operating in its pass-band shall be discounted, unless it is likely
to be detected in a noise-sensitive area. The EUT shall be mounted in a way which is identical
to its installation on board and on a sound absorbing support in a sound absorbing
The EUT shall be set to the operating condition that gives rise to the highest level of
unwanted acoustic noise pressure.
The test shall be repeated with audible alarms switched on.
11.1.3 Required result
The acoustic noise pressure detected shall not exceed a level of 60 dB(A) at a distance of
1 m from any part of the EUT.
With audible alarms switched on, the acoustic noise pressure of an alarm shall be at least
75 dB(A) but not greater than 85 dB(A) at a distance of 1 m from any part of the EUT which is
accessible for its operation.
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