Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2003004870A1/en
Timestamp: 2019-01-16 23:20:57
Document Index: 52317892

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 3', 'arts 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'arts 3']

WO2003004870A1 - Offshore wind turbine and method for making same - Google Patents
Offshore wind turbine and method for making same Download PDF
WO2003004870A1
WO2003004870A1 PCT/FR2002/002361 FR0202361W WO03004870A1 WO 2003004870 A1 WO2003004870 A1 WO 2003004870A1 FR 0202361 W FR0202361 W FR 0202361W WO 03004870 A1 WO03004870 A1 WO 03004870A1
PCT/FR2002/002361
Offshore wind turbine and its construction method
The present invention relates to wind turbines offshore, in particular at sea, supporting structures forming part of the turbines and to manufacturing processes and installation of these turbines.
The technical field of the invention is that the manufacturing, transportation and installation of wind turbines for producing electrical energy, especially offshore wind, large capacity, to be installed at sea, particularly offshore and in large numbers to form wind farms.
While terrestrial wind motors are built for several centuries, the construction of offshore wind is much more recent.
A modern wind turbine, both land and sea, generally comprises a motor and a plurality of blades with a horizontal axis, and an electrical generator coupled to the motor, which are attached to the upper end of a vertically elongate support such as a mast or pylon.
In order to reduce the cost of wind turbine energy and increase the efficiency of the generators, it manufactures generators more powerful which is installed as a group to form a field or wind farm (do).
Increasing the power of a wind generator is accompanied including an increase in its mass and the height of the supporting structure.
The invention is particularly applicable, that is to say not limited to wind turbines having a generator whose power is in a range of from 10 to 100kw Mw; the mass of such a generator may reach or exceed 100 or 200 tons; the length of a tower supporting the generator may be of the order of 50 to
100 meters, and the mass of the tower can be in a range from 100 to 500 tons; it is thus clear that the construction of such wind turbines is difficult. The construction of onshore wind is generally carried out using conventional lifting means as a crane, the mast being set up on a foundation, the generator being then installed on top of the pylon. The installation of onshore wind capacity requires strong cranes possessing very long arrows and a massive lifting capacity. Such cranes are difficult to move and install, and need to respect the road templates to be dismantled into several components. For example, a 350-ton crane with a 90m boom requires convoys 9 including 4 unique format; again, the installation of a crane requires several days and disassembly requires as much.
The installation of a wind whose base or foundation is submerged at a shallow depth - which is less than 10 meters of water - present additional challenges, especially when the installation site is distant a few shore kilometers; can then use lifting materials usually used on land, which carries on the installation site and which is temporarily arranged on the structures resting on the water bottom.
The installation of a wind in deeper water still present additional challenges, though pontoon cranes with considerable load capacity can be used for installation. However, said pontoon cranes must be able to operate in open sea, which significantly reduces the number of available equipment and generally requires mobilizing a crane barge far the installation site, which leads to unacceptable costs for the project profitability. In addition, such floating cranes are usually reserved for long developments offshore oil fields, installation critical phases are generally concentrated exclusively in periods of good weather, so along with periods desirable for offshore wind turbines.
An object of the invention to facilitate the installation of a wind turbine on its production site, especially a submerged site.
An object of the invention to provide an easier to install wind turbine at sea.
An object of the invention is to provide a generator carrier and / or wind motor, a wind turbine, a transmission method and a method of installing wind turbines, which are improved and / or that overcome in part at least, inconvenience and wind installation method known.
According to a first aspect of the invention, the elongate support possible to secure a wind turbine generator to a foundation or base, comprises two portions which, at least up to installation of the wind turbine on a production site, are movably mounted relative to the other between at least a first position where said support has a gathered configuration and a first length (or first greater longitudinal dimension), and a second position where said support has a said deployed configuration and a second length (second longest dimension) whose value is greater than said first length. The support in the collapsed configuration facilitates manufacturing, because the maximum height for lifting equipment is significantly reduced. It also facilitates the transport of the wind turbine between a first site on which is carried an assembly of its major constituents, which may in particular be a terrestrial site or a site immersed in shallow water, and a second site where the wind turbine is installed permanently, which can in particular be a site submerged at a depth greater than that of the first site; the invention also facilitates the erection of the wind on the second site - for producing energy - which is obtained by causing this second site relative movement of the movable parts of the bracket so as to move the support of the compact position to the deployed position.
Preferably, said expandable support comprises means for mutual guidance of said movable parts, facilitating and guiding their movement in the compact position to the deployed position.
More preferably, each of said parts of the support is of elongate shape, and said parts are movable in translation, by mutual sliding, so that one gets a simple deployable support manufacture. According to a further preferred embodiment, said support has (and / or consists essentially of) a telescopic mast, the mast comprising a lower portion of elongate shape and an upper portion of elongated shape, said lower and upper parts being slidable one relative to each other, and at least partially fitted one into the other. Preferably, said support or pylon further comprises means for erecting the pylon or support to cause, at least in part, the transition from the compact position to the deployed position of the support, by mutual displacement of said parts of the support.
These erection means may comprise traction means which may comprise at least one cable or a filiform deformable equivalent, fastening means for one end of the link to one of said parts of the support and guide means, d support or winding of said link - such as a pulley or winch - which are secured to a second of said two parts of the support.
Means erection may also comprise biasing means adapted to support the roll of the carrier, in particular an urging means by hydraulic actuation.
To this end, and according to a preferred embodiment, said lower part of the pylon or support comprises a first sealed hollow tubular body closed by a first sealed transverse wall, which is preferably located adjacent the lower end of said lower portion ; further, said tubular body has a shape and dimensions adapted to a lower portion of at least said upper portion of the pylon or support can slide within said body; said upper part of the pylon or support comprises a second tubular body, preferably hollow, also sealed and also sealed by a second sealing wall; said first tubular body thus defines an elongated cavity of cylindrical or preferably frustoconical; said first body is further provided with means for introducing a fluid or a paste in said cavity receiving said second sealed tubular body and is arranged substantially vertically; said fluid may be essentially constituted by water taken from the wind turbine installation site; filling said cavity of said fluid or paste, said second body is then subjected to an upward vertical force resulting from the thrust (Archimedes') exerted by the fluid on its walls, which can contribute to its movement relative to the first body and Consequently the deployment of the support or pylon; for this purpose, it is advantageous to use a paste or a higher density of fluid than that of water, such as (a) as barite, cement grout ... Said second tubular body said portion top of the pylon or support is preferably hollow, as it advantageously comprises an internal access stairs to the upper platform of the generator, as well as most of the electrical equipment of the wind turbine control.
Alternatively or in addition to these passive hydraulic thrust means (buoyancy), said biasing means may comprise means for introducing a working fluid (or paste motor.) Under pressure into said cavity, and sealing means to prevent or limit leakage of said fluid motor by passing through the annular space existing residual between the inner face of the wall of said first body and the external face of the wall of said second body; This allows to use said first body as a cylinder of a jack, and use a portion of said second body as a piston of said cylinder, the pressure exerted by said working fluid in said cavity, on the walls of said second body, causes the sliding of the second body inside the first body, and thus allows deploying said pylon or support. Preferably, the height (or length) of said first tubular body and the diameter
(Or largest transverse dimension) of the first body are greater respectively than the height and the diameter of the second body, so that in collapsed position, said second body can be retracted largely inside the first body.
Preferably, said pylon or support is essentially metallic, being obtained by assembly end to end several cylindrical sections made by rolling and welding of steel sheet. The invention applies in particular to wind turbines comprising a foundation or base plate made of aggregates, in particular a foundation or base hollow - waterproof and compartmentalized, made at least partially of concrete.
In this case, the lower part of the pylon or support is anchored in the foundation in order to obtain a connection by embedding thereof.
According to another aspect, the invention resides in a method for constructing a wind turbine comprising a wind motor and a generator, a telescopic pylon or support supporting the motor and / or generator, and a base supporting the support or pylon, which comprises the steps of: - constructing the base,
- is secured a lower portion of the pylon or support to the base,
- it engages at least an upper part of the pylon or support supporting the motor and / or generator in said lower portion so that the support or pylon has a gathered configuration, then: - the base is moved and the support or pylon until an installation site of the wind, then:
- the base in its final position is installed,
- one deploys the pylon or support using erection means integral with and / or partly incorporated into the pylon or support, in particular those defined above. According to another aspect, the invention consists in using a fluid or pasty composition for deploying a wind turbine carrier, especially a carrier defined above. •
Preferably said composition is selected from the group of compositions consisting of a composition comprising sea water, a composition comprising cement, a composition comprising barite, and said composition is introduced under pressure into said support or pylon of wind turbine.
The invention avoids the use of the production site (wind plant), means of lifting capacity.
According to a preferred implementation mode, the displacement of the base secured to the pylon or support takes place at least partially by sea, by pushing or pulling the base which is at least partially submerged; for this purpose, use is preferably made integral with floats of the base and / or the pylon or support, which contribute to the buoyancy of the assembly and which are at least partially disconnected from the wind, once the latter in place.
The invention applies particularly to the construction of wind turbines on a submerged site where the water depth is at least 10 meters and can reach 50 or
100 meters ; in this case in particular, when the base secured to the pylon or support has been moved to the vertical position of the wind turbine installation site, it causes a decrease in the buoyancy of the assembly so as to gradually immerse base and at least part of the lower part of the pylon or support, and gradually extending the pylon or support; during these operations, some of said floats are preferably used to decrease the buoyancy and allow immersion; for this purpose, they are disconnected from the base and / or the pylon or support, or they are gradually neutralized by water filling for example; some others of said floats are preferably used to guide and / or control the immersion of the structure (base and the pylon or support); to this end, may optionally varying the length of the bond that secures them to this structure.
Although the base may be kept immersed above the water bottom ( "floating" base), the invention applies particularly to the case where the base is submerged to rest on the bottom; preferably in this case, it is then filled with a dense material so as to form a gravity base. Other advantages and features of the invention appear from the following description which refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrates not limiting preferential embodiments of the invention.
1 shows, in side view, a wind turbine mounted on a gravity base partially filled with ballast, being towed to its installation site, the telescopic mast is retracted.
Figures 2 and ^ 3 are, in side view, the wind turbine of Figure 1 installed on site, the telescopic tower being respectively retracted and deployed final configuration. In Figure 3, a working ship receives the lifting equipment being dismantled. Figure 4 shows a sectional side view, the use of drum hoist winches and with guide means of two mutually displaceable parts of the pylon.
Figure 5 shows a sectional side view, the use of lifting means consist of linear winches step, installed on a lower portion of conical tower (flared downwards). Figure 6 is the cross-sectional view (along the line VI-VI) of FIG 5, at the mutual guide bodies.
7 shows, in sectional side view, sealing means provided between the cylindrical body of a lower portion of the pylon and the cylindrical body to an upper portion of the tower which is slidably mounted within said portion lower.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 illustrate successive steps of the partial lifting of the upper part of the tower by the buoyancy being applied to a lower portion of the upper part of the pylon.
Figure 1 1 shows an alternative embodiment of the gravity base, having reinforcements in the lower part of the pylon. Figures 12 and 13 show an alternative embodiment of the gravity base comprising a provisional additional floating element in the form of a cofferdam, respectively towing phase and final phase of ballast on site.
Figures 1 to 4 show a side view of an offshore wind turbine 1 during installation, having a base 2 and tower 3 comprises a bottom part 3a embedded into said base, and an upper portion 3b of diameter 80 outer than the inner diameter 81 (Figure 4) of the bottom portion 3a. The two tubular parts 3a and 3b of the pylon can slide along their common longitudinal axis 82, substantially vertical, with a similar guide system to that shown in Figures 5 and 6; the telescopic mast is in the retracted position shown in Figures 1, 2 and 8. On top of the upper part 3b of the pylon is located the active portion 4 of the wind turbine comprising an electrical current generator 4a integral with the wind motor consisting of rotary shaft 4b along a horizontal axis which supports three blades 4c.
The stability of wind during towing at sea and its implementation on the production site, is the most critical point of the whole installation phase. Indeed, to avoid capsizing the whole, it is imperative, according to the rules of the art, to maintain the position of the buoyancy center above the center of gravity of the overall structure, at a distance thereof which, according to said rule du'p-a, must be greater than 1 m to ensure acceptable stability. The rule of the pa is known to the skilled person in the field of shipbuilding will not be developed in more detail here.
Maintaining the telescopic mast 3a, 3b in the retracted position lowers the center of gravity of the wind turbine, because not only the own weight of the upper part 3b of the pylon is located closer to the base 2, but the load head, consisting of wind 4 itself, which weighs on the order of 100 to 200 tons, is lowered accordingly.
Although the vertical stability (with a suitable value of the pa) can be obtained without using a telescopic mast, the dimensions of the base would be considerably increased, which would lead to prohibitively expensive and greatly increase the difficulties and risks in towing wind. The own buoyancy of the base and the stability of the whole is advantageously increased by additional floats 5a-5b preferably fixed in the upper part of the base 2, so as to move the buoyancy center to the above, said floats being made integral with the base 2 by means of clips 6.
In a similar manner, it improves stability by lowering the center of gravity of the assembly advantageously loading the lower part of the base 2 by means of ballast 7 consisting of heavy aggregates, such as iron ore, sand or any other product whose density is much higher than that of seawater.
The top 93 of the lower part 3a of the pylon is equipped with a working platform 8 on which are installed several winches 9 that perform the lifting of the upper part 3b of the mast and the actual wind 4. for example, an assembly having a sufficient stability for towing consists of:
- A 4 100-ton generator motor,
- half a pylon top 3b of 2.6m diameter, 35 m in length in the deployed position and weighing 80 tons, - a lower half-mast 3a of 3.6m diameter, embedded in the base and through the entire measuring 65 m long and weighing 150 tons,
- a base 2 of concrete of circular cross-sectional shape with a diameter of 22m and 14m in height, representing a mass of concrete of 2650 tonnes, and a buoyant force of 4600 tonnes, - a ballast 7 of 1600 tonnes of sand or iron ore,
- four floats buoyancy unit 5 60 • m3.-
The resulting pa is 1.1 m, thus exceeding the limit, making all capable of being towed at sea for installation.
Figures 1 to 3 schematically show the steps of a wind turbine installation and its base 2 to its final position in the following sequence:
- is towed from a website 85 prefabrication and assembly in shallow water of the main components of the wind turbine up to the vertical of the target point, with a vessel (not shown), the pylon being gathered configuration, and the base being immersed, - filling the main base 2 to the sea water 83, and the wind turbine is placed on the bottom 84,
- is partly filled floats 5a, 5b to the seawater,
- filling the base 2 with ballast, for example iron ore or sand collected near the site, - the additional floats are detached 5a, 5b of the base 2.
In Figure 2, the base 2 is shown full of ballast, the float 5b is ballasted so that the float 5a (not shown), also filled with sea water was stalled and recovered to the installation another wind turbine (not shown).
3 shows the wind turbine installed offshore in the final configuration after the telescopic part (top) of the mast has been deployed by means of the winches 9 associated with hoisting ropes not shown. Both sides of the tower have been made integral by bolting or welding, so as to create a continuity of the pylon by embedding. After deployment of the tower, the hoist winches 9 can be disassembled and lowered to a working ship 11 by means The 10-installed bigue (earth) on the lower part of the pylon. Figures 4 to 7 illustrate alternative embodiments of the expansion means of the telescopic pylon by hydraulic thrust and / or traction cable, as well as tubular structures of the parts of the pylon and their reciprocal guide means; Figures 4, 5, 7, only are shown an upper portion of a lower section of the tower and a lower portion of an upper section of said pylon further lower section.
Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of a lower part 3a of the tower, together with a side view of an upper portion 3b of the tower, during the lifting procedure latter part which is equipped at its top (not shown) of the motor and the wind turbine generator. The pylon upper half 3b is equipped on its lower part of a transverse plate 15 of high rigidity secured to a structure 16, tubular or not, having a high rigidity -and having at its periphery, in low and high part of 17a-17b friction pads ensuring the guiding of said structure 16 along the inner wall of the lower half-mast 3a. The length of said guide structure 16 is preferably greater than 1.5 times the average diameter of the lower half-tower, to minimize the effort at the pads, caused by the bending in the pylon. Drum winches 9 are pre-installed on the ground during manufacture, on the platform 8 secured to the lower half-mast 3a through 8a structural reinforcements. On each of the winches is wound a cable 19 guided by a guide pulley 20, and one end is fixed by a link 18 to the plate 15. A rigid flange 21 in the form of platinum is welded at the top of upper half-mast 3b ; it has a central bore whose diameter is greater than the diameter of the upper half-tower, and a series of holes 22 distributed uniformly or not, at its inner periphery. Thus, the hoisting ropes 19 can pass freely through these holes, and when the platens 15 and 22 are in contact, the end of the lifting phase from the upper portion 3b, they are firmly secured to each other using bolts (not shown) installed through the holes drilled in the top plate 21 and corresponding holes, not shown, made during manufacture in the lower plate 15. the attachment 18 members advantageously act as centering peg during the final approach phase of the two said flanges by sliding along the axis 82, which has the effect of putting face to face the respective holes of the two flanges 15 and 21, thus facilitating the final mounting position locking the two parts the pylon.
To allow the passage of cables between the upper and lower half-poles and to make possible the establishment of the clamp fastening bolts 15 and 21, a radial annular space of the order of 10 to 20 cm is generally required; accordingly, in the case of half-poles 3a, 3b cylindrical of circular cross-section, the half-mast lower 3a has a greater internal diameter from 20 to 40cm at least the outer diameter of upper half-mast 3b.
An additional guide system is installed above the platform 8, so as to prevent contact between the internal bore of the flange 21 and the outer wall 3b of the pylon during the lifting phase; it consists of a plurality of pads 26 or rollers integral, via a high rigidity structure 25 of the platform 8 directly or half-mast 3a.
Figures 5 and 6 show, respectively in sectional side view and in cross section, the case of a lower half-mast 3a conical. The guide for the mutual sliding of the parts 3a, 3b of the pylon is then ensured by skids 17a - 17b of the integral structure 16 and cooperating with straight profiles 30 integral with the inner wall 86 of the half-mast 3a;'The profiles 30 extend parallel to the axis 82 thus restoring the equivalent of a cylindrical guide. View in section 6, the four pads 17 are U-shaped so as to prevent rotation of the half-pylon top inside the lower half-tower, and so as to always remain in front of the corresponding profiles 30.
Represented the number of four in Figure 6, the four sections 30 are advantageously replaced by a single tube whose axis coincides with the axis of the cone and extending from the bottom of the lower half-tower, until the platinum greater than 21. Said tube is integral with the half-mast 3a, preferably at regular intervals, so as to give the whole an optimal geometry and rigidity.
In Figure 5 the linkage is achieved by means of linear winches step 9 constituted by hydraulic cylinders crossing axis. Such cylinders are powered by a hydraulic power unit (not shown) at the orifice 31 and are used routinely in the lifting structures, such as bridge decks. As known to the skilled person, they will not be developed further here. The cable 19a, 19b passes through the linear winch 9 is stretched under said winch, the upper run 19b being loosely, is simply connected to the top half of the upper pylon 3b, the wind level (not shown). The cylinders are extremely compact, their dismantling at the end of installation, as well as recovery hoisting ropes are all the facilities. 7 shows the lifting operation performed using the lower half-mast 3a as cylinder body and the rigid structure of the guide 16 of the upper half-mast 3b as a piston. A gasket 40 wide lips seals between the piston 16 and the inner wall 41 of the lower half-mast 3a. By pumping seawater from the bottom of the base in the cavity 87 delimited by the foot of the tower lower half 3a, which will be provided with a tightly sealed bottom, it easily falls the entire pylon top half 3b equipped with the wind turbine in mind. The pressure required to lift is low, because the half-tower section is important. The fire pumps existing on a service vessel (such as 11 Figure 3) provide a pressure of 0.8 to 1 MPa, which is sufficient to effect the complete lifting operation of the upper half-pylon; according to the flow rate delivered by the pump, the deployment can thus be carried out in two or three hours.
For example, in the wind turbine configuration described above, the movable assembly including the pylon upper half requires a pressure of 0.25 MPa on the piston to effect pumping. Figures 8, 9 and 10 illustrate the use of buoyancy to perform in a simplified manner a part of the raising of the superstructure 3b, 4 of the wind turbine 1.
In the three figures, the turbine is shown in a side view above the AA-BB plane, and is shown in section below said plane.
During transport and installation, the tubular cavity defined by the walls of the lower half-mast 3a is empty of water, and the lower end of the upper half-mast 3b based on the sealed bottom 88 of the tubular body of the half -pylône lower 3a. The upper half-mast was sealed so that water does not penetrate therein; In the same way, the guiding structure is waterproof. No seal, such as seal 40 (Figure 7), is installed at the bottom of said guide structure 16 and 17a-17b guide pads allow water to pass. As soon as the sea water filling the cavity (such as 87 in Figure 7) defined by the lower half-tower, the buoyant force is applied to the wetted lower portion of the upper half-mast and the structure 16 guide, and has the effect to perform the lifting of the upper portion 3b, since the vertical thrust directed upward is greater than the own weight of the movable assembly, which are added friction efforts in the structure. For this purpose, as shown in Figure 8, is brought into communication with a port 50 provided in the wall defining the tubular cavity 87 of the lower half-mast 3a, by means of a valve not shown, the sea with the interior of half lower -pylône
3a. The hatched part represents 51-52 wet volume causing buoyancy, whose resultant is marked F.
When the force F exceeds the force P directed downward and corresponding to the assembly consisting of the own weight of the upper half-tower, wind 4 and friction, it results in a general rising of said set, up that the force F directed upward is balanced with the force P directed downward, as shown in Figure 9.
If one continues to fill the lower half-mast 3a using, for example, a pump of the fire network service vessel 11, connected to the orifice 50, until it reaches the level of the platform 8 at the plane BB, the assembly is balanced as shown in Figure 10. by thus using the buoyancy, a large part of the lifting operation is carried out quickly and easily . The end of the linkage is then, for example, carried out by means of winches cable, linear or drum, over a very limited distance.
Substituting sea water by a denser product, for example a slurry consisting of barite suspended in water, there is obtained a compound fluid whose density can reach 2.5 to 3 relative to seawater the lift reached level will be substantially in the same report.
For example, in the wind turbine configuration described above to explain the pa, the movable assembly of the half-tower upper 3b and 4 wind back under the effect of buoyancy, 5 m in the case of Figure 9 and 30 m in the case of FIG 10.
If the filling of the bottom half-pylon is performed with a concrete, mortar or grout, the strength of the mast to swell is substantially improved after the cement. 11 shows a variant of the gravity base, comprising reinforcements 60 in the lower part of the pylon. An access ladder 61 connects the surface of the water to the platform assembly 8, at which there is the access door 62. The lower portion of the pylon can be ballasted with heavy aggregates to increase stability from the whole ; alternatively when this volume is only filled with sea water, can be added anti-corrosion additives in order to avoid any degradation over time of the structure, and that, throughout the lifetime of the wind turbine, which can reach and exceed 20 years.
Figure 12 shows a side view of a wind turbine and for its gravity base section provided with a temporary additional buoyancy element consists of a cofferdam 100 preinstalled in the manufacture on the base 2, the connection between said cofferdam and said base being sealed in 101. This provides additional buoyancy throughout the towing phase increased stability and allows for the operation of on-site installation by ballasting of the base in the best safety conditions.
Figure 13 shows said base end of installation, after thorough ballasting of the base and partially filling said cofferdam 102.
To ensure the stability of the cofferdam when subjected to wave and current during towing and during the ballasting, the upper portion of the cofferdam is advantageously reinforced by beams 103 connecting the leading edge of said bulkhead to the barrel of the mast 3 at a reinforced area 104 of said mast. In the case of high-rise cofferdams, advantageously will add beams similar reinforcement at intermediate levels, for example at 5 m and 10m from the base, in the case of a total height of 15m cofferdam.
Said cofferdam 100 is advantageously made by assembling a plurality of circular sectors, for example six, eight or twelve sectors, so as to facilitate their removal after final installation of the wind turbine. During the implementation of the cofferdam on emb'ase 2, we will have taken care to assemble said sectors according to their vertical generator perfectly sealed to prevent leakage and thus keep the best buoyancy during tow phase and installation.
The present invention has been described primarily in the context of a wind offshore, but the tower constructed in two telescopic sections has a considerable advantage in the installation of conventional wind turbines on land, because lifting equipment needed will be much less powerful simple in that the maximum working height is substantially halved and that the largest load to be handled is usually the actual generator, coupled to the hub and blades.
The present invention has been described based on two sections of telescopic pylon, but in some cases, it is advantageous would take three or more sections, said sections telescoping one another, in succession.
The present invention has been described based on the production of electricity, but it remains in the spirit of the invention as long as we try to convert wind energy into any type of energy, for example compressing a gas or fluid for the export or convert on site, or by electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen and oxygen.
I. Wind turbine (1) comprising a wind motor (4b, 4c) and a support or pylon deployable supporting the motor, characterized in that it comprises a base (2) supporting the gravity pylon or support.
2. Wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the gravity base is hollow and sealed compartments, and at least partially made of concrete.
3. Wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base includes means for connection with means (5a, 5b, 100) of flotation.
4. Wind turbine according to claim 3, wherein the base comprises sealed connection means (101) with a cofferdam (100) surmounting the base.
5. Wind turbine according to claim 4 wherein the cofferdam is connected to the pylon or support by means (103) for connection such as beams.
6. Wind turbine according to claim 4 or 5 wherein the cofferdam comprises a plurality of portions or sectors assembled (s) between them (they) sealingly.
7. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 6 further comprising means for locking the pylon or support in the deployed position.
8. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the base (2) is immersed to a depth at least equal to 10 meters.
9. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprising a wind motor associated with an electrical generator (4a) whose power is in a range of 100 kW to 10 MW.
10. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprising a wind motor whose axis is substantially horizontal.
II. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the base (2) contains a gravity ballast (7) and rests on the bottom (84) of water, and the vertex (93) of the lower portion of the pylon has emerged.
12. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the deployable pylon or support comprises at least two parts (3a, 3b) movable relative to one another between a gathered configuration and a deployed configuration, so it is telescopic.
13. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the pylon or support comprises a lower portion (3a) of elongate shape and an upper portion (3b) of elongated shape, said lower and upper portions being slidably mounted the with respect to each other and at least partially fitted one into the other, and which further comprises means for erecting the pylon or support.
14. Wind turbine according to claim 13, wherein said erection means comprises pulling means including a link (19) deformable such as a cable, means (18) for securing one end of the link to a first one moving parts of the pylon or support, as well as means (9, 20) for guiding, support, traction and / or winding of said link, that are integral with a second of said movable parts of the support or pylon.
15. Wind turbine according to claim 13 or 14, wherein said erection means comprises means for pushing or hydraulic traction.
16. Wind to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein a lower portion (3a) of the pylon or support comprises a first sealed tubular body closed by a first wall (88) sealed within which is slidable a lower portion an upper portion (3b) of the support or pylon.
17. Wind turbine according to claim 16 wherein said upper portion
(3b) of the pylon or support comprises a second sealed tubular body closed by a second sealing wall (15), and wherein said first body is provided with means (50) for introducing a fluid or a paste in a cavity (87) delimited by this first elongated body, and which further comprises means (40) adapted to seal to prevent or limit leakage of a working fluid introduced into said cavity by passing between said first and second bodies.
18. A method of constructing a wind turbine (1) comprising a wind motor
(4b, 4c), preferably a generator (4a), a support or pylon deployable supporting the motor and, where applicable, the generator, and a base (2) supporting the pylon or support, which comprises in succession the following operations:
- constructing the base,
- is secured a lower portion (3a) of the pylon or support to the base, - it engages at least an upper portion (3b) of the pylon or support supporting the motor and / or generator in said lower portion so that the pylon or support has a gathered configuration, then:
- the base is moved and the support or pylon until an installation site of the wind turbine, then:
- one deploys the pylon or support using means integral erection and / or at least partly incorporated in the wind turbine and in particular the pylon or support.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the displacement of the base secured to the pylon or support takes place at least partially by sea, by pushing or pulling the base which is at least partially submerged.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein use of the floats (5a, 5b) or cofferdam (100) integral with the base and / or the pylon or support, which contribute to the buoyancy of the assembly and which are partially at least disconnected from the wind, once the latter in place.
21. A method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein when the base secured to the pylon or support has been moved to the vertical position of the wind turbine installation site, a decrease is caused buoyancy of the assembly so as to submerge the base and at least part of the lower part of the pylon or support, and deploys the pylon or support by pulling and / or pushing between said lower and upper parts of the support or pylon.
22. Use of a liquid or pasty composition to deploy the deployable pylon or support of a wind turbine, in particular a wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 17.
23. Use according to claim 22 wherein said composition is selected from the group of compositions consisting of a composition comprising sea water, a composition comprising cement, a composition comprising barite, and wherein said composition is introduced under pressure into said support or wind turbine tower.
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