Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title22-chapter47&saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUyMi1zZWN0aW9uMzIyNGE%3D%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2020-04-05 05:01:09
Document Index: 404297516

Matched Legal Cases: ['§3202', '§3', '§3203', '§4', '§1225', '§1', '§2011', '§2161', '§5801', '§3221', '§101', '§102', '§1225', '§3223', '§104', '§3224', '§105', '§107', '§9', '§681', '§682', '§3241', '§201', '§3242', '§202', '§3243', '§203', '§601', '§3261', '§501', '§3262', '§502', '§104', '§304', '§503', '§3281', '§601', '§811', '§4601', '§1766', '§602', '§1370', '§9', '§1225', '§1000', '§1131', '§1225', '§1370', '§1000', '§1134']

[USC02] 22 USC Ch. 47: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION
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22 USC Ch. 47: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION
CHAPTER 47—NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION
§3202. Congressional statement of purpose
It is the purpose of this chapter to promote the policies set forth above by—
(a) establishing a more effective framework for international cooperation to meet the energy needs of all nations and to ensure that the worldwide development of peaceful nuclear activities and the export by any nation of nuclear materials and equipment and nuclear technology intended for use in peaceful nuclear activities do not contribute to proliferation;
(b) authorizing the United States to take such actions as are required to ensure that it will act reliably in meeting its commitment to supply nuclear reactors and fuel to nations which adhere to effective non-proliferation policies;
(d) ensuring effective controls by the United States over its exports of nuclear materials and equipment and of nuclear technology.
(Pub. L. 95–242, §3, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120.)
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 95–242, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120, known as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3201 of this title and Tables.
§3203. Definitions
(3) "nuclear materials and equipment" means source material, special nuclear material, production facilities, utilization facilities, and components, items or substances determined to have significance for nuclear explosive purposes pursuant to subsection 109b 1 of the 1954 Act [42 U.S.C. 2139(b)];
(4) "physical security measures" means measures to reasonably ensure that source or special nuclear material will only be used for authorized purposes and to prevent theft and sabotage;
(5) "sensitive nuclear technology" means any information (including information incorporated in a production or utilization facility or important component part thereof) which is not available to the public and which is important to the design, construction, fabrication, operation or maintenance of a uranium enrichment or nuclear fuel reprocessing facility or a facility for the production of heavy water, but shall not include Restricted Data controlled pursuant to chapter 12 of the 1954 Act [42 U.S.C. 2161 et seq.];
(6) "1954 Act" means the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended [42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.]; and
(7) "the Treaty" means the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
(b) All other terms used in this chapter not defined in this section shall have the meanings ascribed to them by the 1954 Act, the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.], and the Treaty.
(Pub. L. 95–242, §4, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1225(e)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–775.)
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), (6), is act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 919, which is classified principally to chapter 23 (§2011 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Chapter 12 of the 1954 Act is classified generally to subchapter XI (§2161 et seq.) of division A of chapter 23 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2011 of Title 42 and Tables.
The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 93–438, Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1233, which is classified principally to chapter 73 (§5801 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5801 of Title 42 and Tables.
1998—Pub. L. 105–277 redesignated pars. (3) to (8) as (2) to (7), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: " 'Director' means the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency;".
1 So in the original. Probably should be "section 109(b)".
§3221. Congressional declaration of policy
The United States, as a matter of national policy, shall take such actions and institute such measures as may be necessary and feasible to assure other nations and groups of nations that may seek to utilize the benefits of atomic energy for peaceful purposes that it will provide a reliable supply of nuclear fuel to those nations and groups of nations which adhere to policies designed to prevent proliferation. Such nuclear fuel shall be provided under agreements entered into pursuant to section 2201 of title 42 or as otherwise authorized by law. The United States shall ensure that it will have available the capacity on a long-term basis to enter into new fuel supply commitments consistent with its non-proliferation policies and domestic energy needs. The Commission shall, on a timely basis, authorize the export of nuclear materials and equipment when all the applicable statutory requirements are met.
(Pub. L. 95–242, title I, §101, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 121.)
(Pub. L. 95–242, title I, §102, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1225(e)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–775.)
1998—Pub. L. 105–277 substituted "and the Secretary of State" for ", the Secretary of State, and the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency".
§3223. International undertakings
(a) Development of international approaches for meeting future worldwide nuclear fuel needs; international nuclear fuel authority
(1) the establishment of an international nuclear fuel authority (INFA) with responsibility for providing agreed upon fuel services and allocating agreed upon quantities of fuel resources to ensure fuel supply on reasonable terms in accordance with agreements between INFA and supplier and recipient nations;
(2) a set of conditions consistent with subsection (d) under which international fuel assurances under INFA auspices will be provided to recipient nations, including conditions which will ensure that the transferred materials will not be used for nuclear explosive devices;
(3) devising, consistent with the policy goals set forth in section 2153b of title 42, feasible and environmentally sound approaches for the siting, development, and management under effective international auspices and inspection of facilities for the provision of nuclear fuel services, including the storage of special nuclear material;
(4) the establishment of repositories for the storage of spent nuclear reactor fuel under effective international auspices and inspection;
(5) the establishment of arrangements under which nations placing spent fuel in such repositories would receive appropriate compensation for the energy content of such spent fuel if recovery of such energy content is deemed necessary or desirable; and
(6) sanctions for violation of the provisions of or for abrogation of such binding international undertakings.
(d) Adherence of nations to policies designed to prevent proliferation
(e) Report on progress of negotiations
(f) Congressional approval of non-treaty international undertakings; submission of proposals
(1) The President may not enter into any binding international undertaking negotiated pursuant to subsection (a) which is not a treaty until such time as such proposed undertaking has been submitted to the Congress and has been approved by concurrent resolution.
(2) The proposals prepared pursuant to subsection (b) shall be submitted to the Congress as part of an annual authorization Act for the Department of Energy.
(Pub. L. 95–242, title I, §104, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 122.)
Subsec. (c) of this section, which directed the President, in the report required by section 103 of Pub. L. 95–242, title I, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 122, formerly set out as a note under section 3222 of this title, to also address the desirability of and options for foreign participation, including investment, in new United States uranium enrichment facilities, the arrangements that would be required to implement such participation, and the commitments that would be required as a condition of such participation, was omitted in view of the omission of section 103 of Pub. L. 95–242.
§3224. Reevaluation of nuclear fuel cycle
(Pub. L. 95–242, title I, §105, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 123.)
(Pub. L. 95–238, title I, §107, Feb. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 103–437, §9(c), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588.)
Section 101(20) of this Act, referred to in text, is section 101(20) of Pub. L. 95–238, title I, Feb. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 48, which authorized appropriations for fuel cycle research and development and which was not classified to the Code. Pub. L. 95–238 is known as the Department of Energy Act of 1978—Civilian Applications.
The Impoundment Control Act of 1974, referred to in text, is parts A and B of title X of Pub. L. 93–344, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 332, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapters I (§681) and II (§682 et seq.) of chapter 17B of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 681 of Title 2 and Tables.
§3241. Congressional declaration of policy
(a) continue to strengthen the safeguards program of the IAEA and, in order to implement this section, contribute funds, technical resources, and other support to assist the IAEA in effectively implementing safeguards;
(b) ensure that the IAEA has the resources to carry out the provisions of Article XII of the Statute of the IAEA;
(c) improve the IAEA safeguards system (including accountability) to ensure—
(1) the timely detection of a possible diversion of source or special nuclear materials which could be used for nuclear explosive devices;
(2) the timely dissemination of information regarding such diversion; and
(3) the timely implementation of internationally agreed procedures in the event of such diversion;
(d) ensure that the IAEA receives on a timely basis the data needed for it to administer an effective and comprehensive international safeguards program and that the IAEA provides timely notice to the world community of any evidence of a violation of any safeguards agreement to which it is a party; and
(e) encourage the IAEA, to the maximum degree consistent with the Statute, to provide nations which supply nuclear materials and equipment with the data needed to assure such nations of adherence to bilateral commitments applicable to such supply.
(Pub. L. 95–242, title II, §201, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 124.)
§3242. Training program
The Department of Energy, in consultation with the Commission, shall establish and operate a safeguards and physical security training program to be made available to persons from nations and groups of nations which have developed or acquired, or may be expected to develop or acquire, nuclear materials and equipment for use for peaceful purposes. Any such program shall include training in the most advanced safeguards and physical security techniques and technology, consistent with the national security interests of the United States.
(Pub. L. 95–242, title II, §202, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 124.)
§3243. Negotiations
The United States shall seek to negotiate with other nations and groups of nations to—
(1) adopt general principles and procedures, including common international sanctions, to be followed in the event that a nation violates any material obligation with respect to the peaceful use of nuclear materials and equipment or nuclear technology, or in the event that any nation violates the principles of the Treaty, including the detonation by a non-nuclear-weapon state of a nuclear explosive device; and
(2) establish international procedures to be followed in the event of diversion, theft, or sabotage of nuclear materials or sabotage of nuclear facilities, and for recovering nuclear materials that have been lost or stolen, or obtained or used by a nation or by any person or group in contravention of the principles of the Treaty.
(Pub. L. 95–242, title II, §203, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 124.)
The Congress hereby directs the President—
(3) to take, in concert with United States allies and other countries, such steps as may be necessary—
(4) to seek agreement in the United Nations Security Council to establish—
(Pub. L. 99–399, title VI, §601, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 874.)
Pub. L. 110–181, div. C, title XXXI, subtitle D, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 586, provided that:
"(a) Policy.—It is the policy of the United States to work with the international community to take all possible steps to ensure that all nuclear weapons around the world are secure and accounted for and that all formula quantities of strategic special nuclear material are eliminated, removed, or secure and accounted for to a level sufficient to defeat the threats posed by terrorists and criminals.
"(b) International Nuclear Security Standard.—It is the sense of Congress that, in furtherance of the policy described in subsection (a), and consistent with the requirement for 'appropriate effective' physical protection contained in United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004), as well as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the President, in consultation with relevant Federal departments and agencies, should seek the broadest possible international agreement on a global standard for nuclear security that—
"(c) International Efforts.—It is the sense of Congress that, in furtherance of the policy described in subsection (a), the President, in consultation with relevant Federal departments and agencies, should—
"(1) work with other countries and the International Atomic Energy Agency to assist as appropriate, and if necessary work to convince, the governments of any and all countries in possession of nuclear weapons or formula quantities of strategic special nuclear material to ensure that security is upgraded to meet the standard described in subsection (b) as rapidly as possible and in a manner that—
"(a) In General.—Not later than September 1 of each year through 2012, the President, in consultation with relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall submit to Congress a report on the security of nuclear weapons and related equipment and formula quantities of strategic special nuclear material outside of the United States.
"(b) Elements.—The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following:
"(c) Form.—The report may be submitted in classified form but shall include a detailed unclassified summary."
§3261. Congressional declaration of policy; Presidential report to Congress
The United States shall endeavor to cooperate with other nations, international institutions, and private organizations in establishing programs to assist in the development of non-nuclear energy resources, to cooperate with both developing and industrialized nations in protecting the international environment from contamination arising from both nuclear and non-nuclear energy activities, and shall seek to cooperate with and aid developing countries in meeting their energy needs through the development of such resources and the application of non-nuclear technologies consistent with the economic factors, the material resources of those countries, and environmental protection. The United States shall additionally seek to encourage other industrialized nations and groups of nations to make commitments for similar cooperation and aid to developing countries. The President shall report annually to Congress on the level of other nations' and groups of nations' commitments under such program and the relation of any such commitments to United States efforts under this title. In cooperating with and providing such assistance to developing countries, the United States shall give priority to parties to the Treaty.
(Pub. L. 95–242, title V, §501, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 148.)
§3262. Programs
(a) Energy development programs
The United States shall initiate a program, consistent with the aims of section 3261 of this title, to cooperate with developing countries for the purpose of—
(1) meeting the energy needs required for the development of such countries;
(2) reducing the dependence of such countries on petroleum fuels, with emphasis given to utilizing solar and other renewable energy resources; and
(3) expanding the energy alternatives available to such countries.
(b) Energy assessments and cooperative projects
Such program shall include cooperation in evaluating the energy alternatives of developing countries, facilitating international trade in energy commodities, developing energy resources, and applying suitable energy technologies. The program shall include both general and country-specific energy assessments and cooperative projects in resource exploration and production, training, research and development.
(c) Exchange of scientists, technicians, and energy experts
As an integral part of such program, the Department of Energy, under the general policy guidance of the Department of State and in cooperation with the Agency for International Development and other Federal agencies as appropriate, shall initiate, as soon as practicable, a program for the exchange of United States scientists, technicians, and energy experts with those of developing countries to implement the purposes of this section.
For the purposes of carrying out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated such sums as are contained in annual authorization Acts for the Department of Energy, including such sums which have been authorized for such purposes under previous legislation.
(e) Coordination with related United States activities abroad
Under the direction of the President, the Secretary of State shall ensure the coordination of the activities authorized by this subchapter with other related activities of the United States conducted abroad, including the programs authorized by sections 2151a(c), 2151d(a)(2),1 and 2151q 1 of this title.
(Pub. L. 95–242, title V, §502, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 149.)
Section 2151d(a)(2) of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), which at the time of enactment of this section related to programs to increase energy production and conservation in developing countries, was deleted in the general amendment of section 2151d by Pub. L. 96–53, title I, §§104(b), 105, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 360, 362. For provisions relating to cooperative programs with developing countries in energy production and conservation, see section 2151d(b)(2) of this title.
Section 2151q of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), was repealed by Pub. L. 96–533, title III, §304(g), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3147. See section 2151d(a)(2), (b)(2), (c) of this title.
Feasibility of Expanding Cooperative Activities Into International Cooperative Effort; Presidential Report to Congress Not Later Than March 10, 1979
Pub. L. 95–242, title V, §503, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 149, directed President, not later than twelve months after Mar. 10, 1978, to report to Congress on feasibility of expanding cooperative activities established pursuant to subsec. (c) of this section into an international cooperative effort to include a scientific peace corps designed to encourage large numbers of technically trained volunteers to live and work in developing countries for varying periods of time for purpose of engaging in projects to aid in meeting the energy needs of such countries through search for and utilization of indigenous energy resources and application of suitable technology, including widespread utilization of renewable and unconventional energy technologies, and to also include in report a discussion of other mechanisms to conduct a coordinated international effort to develop, demonstrate, and encourage utilization of such technologies in developing countries.
§3281. Annual Presidential report to Congress on governmental efforts to prevent proliferation
(a) Review of Government activities; description of progress; assessment of impact of progress; determinations regarding non-nuclear-weapon states; counterproductiveness of policies
The President shall review all activities of Government departments and agencies relating to preventing proliferation and shall make a report to Congress in January of 1979 and annually in January of each year thereafter on the Government's efforts to prevent proliferation. This report shall include but not be limited to—
(A) negotiating the initiatives contemplated in sections 3223 and 3224 of this title;
(B) negotiating the international arrangements or other mutual undertakings contemplated in section 2153b of title 42;
(C) encouraging non-nuclear-weapon states that are not party to the Treaty to adhere to the Treaty or, pending such adherence, to enter into comparable agreements with respect to safeguards and to foreswear the development of any nuclear explosive devices, and discouraging nuclear exports to non-nuclear-weapon states which have not taken such steps;
(D) strengthening the safeguards of the IAEA as contemplated in section 3241 of this title; and
(E) renegotiating agreements for cooperation as contemplated in section 2153c(a) of title 42;
(2) an assessment of the impact of the progress described in paragraph (1) on the non-proliferation policy of the United States; an explanation of the precise reasons why progress has not been made on any particular point and recommendations with respect to appropriate measures to encourage progress; and a statement of what legislative modifications, if any, are necessary in his judgment to achieve the non-proliferation policy of the United States;
(A) detonated a nuclear device; or
(B) refused to accept the safeguards of the IAEA on all of their peaceful nuclear activities; or
(4) an assessment of whether any of the policies set forth in this chapter have, on balance, been counterproductive from the standpoint of preventing proliferation;
(5) a description of the progress made toward establishing procedures to facilitate the timely processing of requests for subsequent arrangements and export licenses in order to enhance the reliability of the United States in meeting its commitments to supply nuclear reactors and fuel to nations which adhere to effective non-proliferation policies; 1
(i) an export license was issued for any good controlled under section 2139a(c) of title 42;
(ii) an export license was issued under section 2139(b) of title 42;
(iii) approvals were issued under the Export Administration Act of 1979, or section 2139(b)(3) of title 42, for the retransfer of any item, technical data, component, or substance; or
(iv) authorizations were made as required by section 2077(b)(2) of title 42 to engage, directly or indirectly, in the production of special nuclear material;
(i) a sanction has been imposed under section 6301(a) of this title or section 6303 of this title or section 2799aa–1(b)(1) of this title;
(ii) sales or leases have been denied under section 2753(f) of this title or transactions prohibited by reason of acts relating to proliferation of nuclear explosive devices as described in section 2780(d) of this title;
(iii) a sanction has not been imposed by reason of section 6301(c)(2) of this title or the imposition of a sanction has been delayed under section 2799aa–1(b)(4) of this title; or
(I) section 6301(f) of this title or section 6303 of this title,
(II) section 2375(d) of this title, or paragraph (5) or (6)(B) of section 2799aa–1(b) of this title,
(III) section 2780(g) of this title with respect to the last sentence of section 2780(d) of this title, or
(IV) section 2364 of this title with respect to section 2375 of this title or section 2753(f) of this title, the last sentence of section 2780(d) of this title, or 2799aa–1(b)(1) 2 of this title; and
Portions of the information required by paragraph (6) may be submitted in classified form, as necessary. Any such information that may not be published or disclosed under section 12(c)(1) 3 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 shall be submitted as confidential.
(Pub. L. 95–242, title VI, §601, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 150; Pub. L. 103–236, title VIII, §811, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 507.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 95–242, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120, known as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3201 of this title and Tables.
The Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 96–72, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 503, which was classified principally to chapter 56 (§4601 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232, except for sections 11A, 11B, and 11C thereof (50 U.S.C. 4611, 4612, 4613). Section 12 of the Act was classified to section 4614 of Title 50 prior to repeal.
1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–236 struck out "and" after the semicolon in par. (4), substituted a semicolon for the period in par. (5), and added par. (6) and concluding provisions.
For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (a) of this section relating to the requirement that the President annually report to Congress on the Government's efforts to prevent proliferation, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 15 of House Document No. 103–7.
(Pub. L. 95–242, title VI, §602, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 151; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, §1370, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4004; Pub. L. 103–437, §9(a)(8), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1225(e)(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–775; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7), [div. B, title XI, §1131], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-492.)
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1)(A) and (d), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 95–242, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120, known as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3201 of this title and Tables.
1999—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–113 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "The Department of State, the Department of Defense, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Energy, and the Commission shall keep the Committees on Foreign Relations and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives fully and currently informed with respect to their activities to carry out the purposes and policies of this chapter and to otherwise prevent proliferation, and with respect to the current activities of foreign nations which are of significance from the proliferation standpoint."
1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1225(e)(6)(A), struck out "the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency," after "the Department of Defense,".
1994—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted "Foreign Affairs" for "International Relations".
1986—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–661, §1370(1), inserted "the Department of Defense,".
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, §1134], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-494, provided that:
"(a) Requirement to Provide Information.—The head of each department and agency described in section 602(c) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 (22 U.S.C. 3282(c)) shall promptly provide information to the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives in meeting the requirements of subsection (c) or (d) of section 602 of such Act [22 U.S.C. 3282(c), (d)].
"(b) Issuance of Directives.—Not later than February 1, 2000, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of Central Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall issue directives, which shall provide access to information, including information contained in special access programs, to implement their responsibilities under subsections (c) and (d) of section 602 of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 (22 U.S.C. 3282(c) and (d)). Copies of such directives shall be forwarded promptly to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives upon the issuance of the directives."