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General Motors Dealer s Standard Accounting System Manual - PDF
General Motors Dealer s Standard Accounting System Manual
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Easter Stewart
1 General Motors Dealer s Standard Accounting System Manual 2013 General Motors Corporation This manual cannot be reproduced in whole or in part without the expressed written permission of General Motors Corporation.
2 TO THE GENERAL MOTORS DEALER: Accounting, the process of properly recording and classifying business transactions, is an important factor, recognized as essential to the successful management of a business. Control of capital and satisfactory profits are largely dependent upon the efficiency of management and its ability to direct the affairs of the business. Plans and decisions are necessary and these should be based on facts. Without facts, decisions may be made based on erroneous or unreliable information which, at worst, may jeopardize the business and, at best, may not utilize resources to their fullest extent to produce maximum profits. Accounting itself will not correct mistakes and weaknesses which may exist in the operation of a business. However, it will assist in revealing them and thus contribute to sound understanding and intelligent action aimed at their correction. Uniform accounting is necessary because it records the financial history of the business; but, more important, it provides the basis for meaningful comparisons. There is, however, another important purpose of uniform accounting in dealerships. If the most successful results are to be attained, a close relationship must exist between the dealers and the manufacturer. Dealership managers depend to an extent upon marketing policies established by the manufacturer for its products. It is essential that such policies be considered in the light of their effects upon the dealer organization. This fact is recognized by the manufacturer, but it must have factual information in order to make decisions and establish policies that are fair and equitable to the dealers and in the best interests of both parties. The Dealer s Standard Accounting System, properly operated, provides these facts when the operating data is forwarded to the manufacturer each month. Adherence to the provisions of this Dealer s Standard Accounting System Manual will also enhance internal control within the dealership. Your cooperation in this respect will do much toward the elimination of weaknesses and the building of a stronger and sounder dealer organization, capable of increasing sales at a satisfactory profit. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION
3 TO THE DEALER S ACCOUNTANT: The General Motors Dealer s Standard Accounting System Manual is not an explanation of the basic and fundamental principles or methods of bookkeeping, but is an accounting manual intended for use by an accountant. It is our desire to have the dealer employ a skilled accountant who recognizes the importance of gauging the business and of assisting in the formulation of policies on the basis of facts rather than guesswork. An accountant is one who understands the mechanics of bookkeeping and, in addition, has the ability to supervise the methods used in collecting the information to be recorded and to interpret and analyze the results disclosed by the operating data. Such an individual should be able to interpret: The trends of the business The results of changes in policies The fluctuations in various accounts The effect of such fluctuations The accountant should be aware of changes in conditions of the business, which might prove detrimental to profits, be able to forecast the probable results of any contemplated actions or changes in policy, and be able to determine the number of vehicles, which must be sold to cover the unabsorbed overhead and produce a desired profit. The value of the accountant is increased if he or she is able to furnish the dealer with the information outlined above. The duties of a dealer accountant are: 1. Maintain the Dealer s Standard Accounting System in accordance with the instructions contained in this manual and supervise all methods used in the business for the recording of transactions. 2. Submit required trial balance information to FACTS 2.0 on a timely basis. Prepare necessary supporting schedules of accounts. 3. Prepare sales and profit forecasts for future periods as a guide for the business and make comparisons between these forecasts and the actual results. 4. Use the FACTS 2.0 Compass Reports each month as a tool in managing the business.
4 Assets Cash & Contracts 200 Cash On Hand (Petty Cash) 201 Cash On Hand 202 Cash in Bank 205 Contracts in Transit 260 Securities Receivables 210 Notes Receivable - Customers 220 Accounts Receivable - Customers 225 Cash Sales 261 Factory Receivables 262 Due from Finance Companies 263 Warranty Claims 264 Ins. Commissions Receivable Inventories 230 Demonstrators 231 New Cars 235 New Medium Duty Trucks 237 New Trucks 238 Other Automotive 240 Used Cars 241 Used Trucks 242 Parts & Accessories 243 Tires 244 Gas, Oil & Grease 245 Paint & Body Shop Materials 246 Sublet Repairs 247 Work in Process-Labor 252 Other 258 Miscellaneous Assets Received in Trade Prepaid Expenses 270 Prepaid Taxes 271 Prepaid Insurance 274 Prepaid-Other Working Assets 275 Driver Training Vehicles 277 Lease & Rental Vehicles Fixed Assets 280 Land (Auto Business Only) 281 Buildings & Improvements (Auto Business Only) 282 Machinery & Shop Equipment 283 Parts & Accessories Equipment 284 Furniture & Fixtures 285 Company Vehicles 286 Leaseholds 287 IT - Hardware 288 IT - Software 289 Fixed Assets - Other Other Assets 291 Life Insurance-Cash Value 293 Notes & Accounts Receivable-Officers 294 Notes & Accounts Receivable-Other 296 Other Investments & Miscellaneous Assets
5 Liabilities Accounts Payable 300 Accounts Payable-Trade Creditors 305 Warranty Claims Advance Notes Payable 310 Notes Payable-New Vehicle & Demos 311 Notes Payable-Used Vehicles 312 Notes Payable-Lease & Rental Units 314 Notes Payable-Other Accrued Liabilities 320 Interest Payable 321 Salaries, Wages & Commissions Payable 322 Insurance Payable 323 Payroll Taxes Payable 324 Sales Taxes Payable 325 Other Taxes Payable 327 Income Taxes Payable 328 Employee's Incentives/Bonuses Payable 329 Owner's Bonuses Payable 330 Retirement Benefits Payable 331 Other Payables Long Term Liabilities 332 Other Reserves 333 Deferred Taxes 334 Long Term Debt 335 Mortgages Payable-Real Estate Contra Assets 340 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 347 Accumulated Depreciation Lease & Rental Units 351 Accumulated Depreciation Buildings & Improvements 352 Accumulated Depreciation Machinery & Shop Equip. 353 Accumulated Depreciation Parts & Accessories Equipment 354 Accumulated Depreciation Furniture & Fixtures 355 Accumulated Depreciation Company Vehicles 356 Accumulated Amortization of Leaseholds 357 Accumulated Depreciation IT - Hardware 358 Accumulated Depreciation IT - Software 359 Accumulated Depreciation Other Owner's Equity Net Worth 360 Capital Stock & Additional Paid In Capital 370 Retained Earnings 375 Dividends 380 Investments 390 Drawings 399 Profit or Loss
6 New Vehicle Department Sales & Cost of Sales Thru Thru New Cars-Retail New Cars-Fleet New Cars-Internal Thru Thru New Trucks-Retail New Trucks-Fleet New Trucks-Internal New Other Automotive Accessories Used Vehicle Department Sales & Cost of Sales 446A 646A Used Cars Retail - Certified 647A Reconditioning - Cert. Used Cars 446B 646B Used Cars Retail - Other 647B Reconditioning - Other Used Cars 450A 650A Used Trucks Retail - Certified 651A Reconditioning - Cert. Used Trucks 450B 650B Used Trucks Retail - Other 651B Reconditioning - Other Used Trucks Used Cars Wholesale 649 Adjustment-Used Car Inventory Used Trucks-Wholesale 653 Adjustment-Used Truck Inventory Used Other Automotive Fixed Operations - Mechanical Sales & Cost of Sales 460A 660A Customer Labor - Cars & Light Duty Trucks 460B 660B Service Contracts Customer Labor - Cars & Light Duty Trucks 460C 660C Quick Service Labor - Cars & Light Duty Trucks 461A 661A Customer Labor - Commercial, Fleet & Medium Duty Trucks 461B 661B Service Contracts Customer Labor - Commercial, Fleet & Medium Duty Trucks 461C 661C Quick Service Labor - Commercial, Fleet & Medium Duty Trucks Warranty Claim Labor - Mechanical Internal Labor - Mechanical New Vehicle Inspection Labor 665 Adjustment - Cost of Labor Sales - Mechanical Sublet Repairs Shop Supplies Body Shop Sales & Cost of Sales Customer Paint Labor - Cars & Trucks Customer Body Labor - Cars & Trucks Warranty Claim Labor - Paint & Body Internal Labor-Paint & Body 675 Adjustment-Cost of Labor Sales - Paint & Body Sublet Repairs Paint & Body Shop Materials Parts & Accessories Department Sales & Cost of Sales Parts-Mechanical Repair Orders Cars & Light Duty Trucks Parts-Mechanical Repair Orders Commercial, Fleet & Medium Duty Trucks Parts-Body Customer Repair Orders - Cars & Trucks Parts-Quick Service-Repair Orders Parts-Warranty Claims Parts-Internal Parts-Counter-Retail Parts-Wholesale Accessories 687 Purchase Allowances 688 Adjustment-Parts & Accessories Inventory Tires Gas, Oil & Grease Miscellaneous
7 Lease & Rental Activity Close End Lease 511 Recurring Lease Payments 512 Maintenance Income 513 Partial Month (Pro-Rata) Income 514 Late Payment Charge 516 Administrative Fee 517 Other Lease Revenue Direct Cost 711 Interest 712 Amortization 713 Insurance (In Service Vehicles) 714 License, Title & Tax 715 Policy-Leased Vehicles 716 Maintenance & Repairs 717 Rent-Sublet Units 718 Other 510 Selling Price of Disposed Vehicles 710 Cost of Sale of Disposed Vehicles Open End Lease 521 Recurring Lease Payments 522 Maintenance Income 523 Partial Month (Pro-Rata) Income 524 Late Payment Charge 526 Administrative Fee 527 Other Lease Revenue Direct Cost 721 Interest 722 Amortization 723 Insurance (In Service Vehicles) 724 License, Title & Tax 725 Policy-Leased Vehicles 726 Maintenance & Repairs 727 Rent-Sublet Units 728 Other 520 Selling Price of Disposed Vehicles 720 Cost of Sale of Disposed Vehicles Rental 534 Late Payment Charge 535 Rental Income 536 Administrative Fee Direct Cost 731 Interest 732 Amortization 733 Insurance (In Service Vehicles) 734 License, Title & Tax 735 Policy-Leased Vehicles 736 Maintenance & Repairs 737 Rent-Sublet Units 738 Other 530 Selling Price of Disposed Vehicles 730 Cost of Sale of Disposed Vehicles F & I, Protection Plan Activity 541 Insurance Commissions Earned 740 F & I Manager Commissions 741 Insurance Chargebacks Accessories GM Protection Plans Other Protection Plans
8 Finance & Insurance Activity New 806 Finance Income-New 807 Insurance Commission Earned-New Accessories-New GM Protection Plans New Other Protection Plans - New 850 Finance & Insurance Chargebacks 853 Repossession Losses-New 855 F & I Compensation - New Used 808 Finance Income-Used 809 Insurance Commissions Earned-Used Accessories-Used GM Protection Plans Used Other Protection Plans - Used 851 Finance & Insurance Chargebacks 854 Repossession Losses-Used 856 F & I Compensation Used Additions to Income 902 Bad Debts Recovered 903 Cash Discounts Earned 905 Other Income Deductions from Income 952 LIFO Adjustment 953 Cash Discounts Allowed 955 Other Deductions
9 Expenses Expenses are to be distributed to each Department by creating sub-accounts formed by combining the three (3) digit expense account number with the two (2) digit department code. Department Codes New Vehicles 01 Used Vehicles 02 Lease & Rental 03 Finance & Insurance 04 Mechanical 05 Body Shop 06 Parts & Accessories 07 (Not Used) 08 General & Administrative 09 For example, Delivery Expenses charged to the New Vehicle Department should be posted to Account , Delivery Expense (New). Freight for Parts shipments should be posted to Account , Freight (Parts) and so forth. Variable Selling Expenses 011 Vehicle Salespeople Compensation & Other 013 Delivery Expense 015 Policy Work-Vehicles Personnel Expenses 020 Salaries-Owners/Executive Managers 021 Salaries-Supervision 022 Salaries-Clerical 023 Other Salaries & Wages 024 Absentee Compensation 025 Taxes-Payroll 026 Incentives-Supervision 027 Employee Benefits 029 Retirement Benefits Semi-Fixed Expenses 033 Postage / Freight 051 Company Vehicle Expense 056 Insurance-Vehicle Inventory 057 Bad Debt Expense 060 Office Supplies & Expenses 061 Other Supplies 063 E-Commerce Advertising/Fees 064 Advertising Rebates 065 Advertising 066 Contributions 067 Policy Work-Parts & Service 068 Information Technology Services 069 Outside Services (Other) 070 Travel & Entertainment 071 Membership Dues & Publications 072 Legal & Auditing Expense 074 Telephone 075 Training Expense 076 Interest-Notes Payable-Floorplan 077 Miscellaneous Expense 078 Interest-Floorplan Credit 079 Interest-Notes Payable (Other) Fixed Expenses 080 Rent 081 Amortization-Leaseholds 082 Repairs-Real Estate 083 Depreciation Buildings & Improvements 084 Taxes-Real Estate 085 Insurance Buildings & Improvements 086 Interest-Mortgages 087 Utilities 088 Insurance Other 089 Taxes-Other 090 Repairs-Equipment 091 Depreciation-Equipment 092 Equipment Rental Adjustments 097 Bonuses-Employees 098 Bonuses-Owners 099 Income Taxes - Current Year 6v GM-US-AC v
10 200 Cash on Hand (Petty Cash) Assets Cash and Contracts Synopsis Account 200, is established to record the amount of Cash kept at the dealership to provide change to customers and pay incidental bills, which are too small to warrant issuing a check. 1. The amount set aside when the fund is established 2. The amount added to increase the fund 1. The amount removed to decrease the fund Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 1
11 201 Cash on Hand Assets Cash and Contracts Synopsis Account 201 is established to record the Cash receipts at the dealership. 1. The amount of Cash received 1. The amount of Cash deposited in the bank Comments A debit balance represents undeposited receipts. Note: Bank deposits should be made daily. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 2
12 202 Cash in Bank Assets Cash and Contracts Synopsis Account 202 is established to record the Cash deposited with banks and other financial institutions. 1. Cash deposits 2. Savings deposits 3. Time deposits 4. Certificates of deposit 5. Interest on above deposits 1. Withdrawals 2. Deposited checks returned by the bank 3. Bank charges Comments A debit balance represents the amount of cash on deposit while a credit balance represents drafts written in excess of cash on deposits. Note: The month-end balance should be reconciled with that shown on the bank statements. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 3
13 205 Contracts in Transit Assets Cash and Contracts Synopsis Account 205 is established to record finance Contracts covering new and used vehicle sales which have been submitted to financial institutions for payment. 1. Amounts financed on customer notes discounted with finance institutions 1. Payments received from finance institutions 2. Principals withheld by finance institutions on customer notes discounted Comments A debit balance represents the amounts financed on customer notes discounted, which are due from finance institutions. Note: At month end, a schedule of the notes for which payments have not been received should be prepared. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 4
14 260 Securities Assets Cash & Contracts Synopsis Account 260 is established to record the value of financial investments in stock and bonds owned by the dealership. 1. The Cost of readily marketable securities acquired which are intended to be temporary investments 1. The book value of securities intended to be retained as long-term investments 2. The writedown to market value 3. The book value of securities sold and otherwise disposed of Comments A debit balance represents the book value of stocks, bonds and other securities of a readily marketable nature, which are intended to be temporary investments. Note: A detail of these securities should be made in this account or in a suitable subsidiary record. Gains or losses on disposition of these items should be recorded in Account 905, Other Income or Account 955, Other Deductions, as applicable. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 5
15 CUSTOMER RECEIVABLES Separate general ledger accounts should be maintained for receivables resulting from vehicle sales, service and parts sales, leases and rentals, and other sales. Other should be for receivables resulting from sales of items carried in Account 238, Other Automotive (inventory) and Account 252, Other (inventory). For each general ledger account, a separate subsidiary ledger should be maintained. A detail of the debits and credits should be posted to the individual accounts in the subsidiary ledgers. A supporting schedule with an age analysis of each subsidiary account should be prepared at the month end. The net amount of each schedule should agree with the balance in the related controlling account. For purposes of aging, the due date of customer receivables is that agreed on at the time of the sale. This stipulation would apply to extended and usual terms of payment. Receivables due from governmental agencies and collision claims with insurance companies may be aged. However, it is not necessary to include these amount in the over 90 days past due column unless collection appears doubtful. It is also not necessary to include these amounts in the month-end computation of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Customer notes and accounts receivable, classified and aged in accordance with the trial balances, should be shown on the operating report. Any credit balances listed on the trial balances should be classified as a current liability and shown on page 1 of the operating report as follows: Accounts Receivable Credit Balances Customer Deposits If preferred, notes and accounts receivable from others may be recorded in these customer accounts but should be shown on page 1 of the operating report as follows: Debit Balances Account 293, Notes and Accounts Receivable - Officers, for amounts due from active and inactive officers and from stockholders. Account.294, Notes and Accounts Receivable - Other, for: A. Amounts due from employees for notes, accounts, loans, and advances, except current balances due for merchandise. B. Loans and advances due from subsidiary and affiliated enterprises and from outsiders. C. Amounts due from subsidiary and affiliated enterprises for merchandise when extended terms have been granted. Credit Balances 1. Amounts Payable to officers and stockholders on open account should be combined with Account.300, Accounts Payable - Trade Creditors. 2. Notes payable due within one year to officers and stockholders should be combined with Account 314, Notes Payable - Other. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 6
16 210 Notes Receivable - Customers Assets Receivables Synopsis Account 210 is established to record monies owed by customers who have signed promissory notes to the dealership. 1. The value of notes accepted from customers 1. The amount of Customer payments received 2. The amount of Notes considered uncollectible 3. The balances due on notes secured by vehicles which have been repossessed Comments A debit balance represents the unpaid balances of notes accepted from customers. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 7
17 220 Accounts Receivable - Customers Assets Receivables Synopsis Account 220 is established to record the monies owed by customers who have open accounts with the dealership. 1. The amounts due from customer charge sales 2. The amount of deposited checks returned by the bank 3. The amount of Lease payments due on leases recorded as sales 4. The earned portion of deferred income on leases recorded as sales 5. The amount of Repossession surpluses paid 1. The amount of Customer payments received 2. The value of allowed to customers 3. The Deposits received on future sales 4. The amount of accounts considered uncollectible 5. The amount of deferred income on leases recorded as sales 6. The amount of Repossession surpluses due customers Comments A debit balance represents the net balances of customer accounts. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 8
18 225 Cash Sales Assets Receivables Synopsis Account 225 is established to record the cash received as a result of Sales transactions processed at the dealership. 1. Sales for cash 1. Cash received from cash sales 2. Cash refunds for return of merchandise by customers Note: This is a clearing account for cash sales and normally should have no month-end balance. If a balance exists, a month-end schedule should be prepared to determine the nature of the balance. The balance should be classified with the applicable asset and liability accounts on the trial balance. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 9
19 230 Demonstrators Assets Inventories Synopsis Account 230 is established to record the inventory value of vehicle Demonstrators maintained to provide test rides for customers. 1. The factory invoice amount, less holdback and other non-related items such as supplemental advertising funds, of new vehicles placed in demonstration and other temporary company service 2. The Cost of New Vehicles placed into Demonstration inventory 3. The Internal selling price of dealerinstalled accessories and optional equipment and the labor and material required for installation 4. The Destination, delivery and handling charges 1. The replacement value of accessories, optional equipment and tires removed from units and placed in Account. 242, Parts & Accessories (inventory) and Account 243, Tires (inventory) as applicable 2. The amount of subsequent factory price reductions 3. The cost of units taken out of service and transferred to new vehicle inventories prior to their sales as new vehicles Comments A debit balance represents the cost of new vehicles set aside for use as demonstrators and for other temporary company service. Note: A record of each unit in the vehicle inventories shown below should be made on a Vehicle Inventory Record at the time the unit is acquired. Stock numbers should be assigned in numerical sequence to new, used and repossessed units acquired. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of a new unit should be given the same stock number as the new unit sold, but followed by the letter A. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of another used unit should be given the same stock number as the used unit sold, but followed by the letter B, etc. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 10
20 Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Demonstrators New Cars New Trucks Other Automotive Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Used Cars Used Trucks LAST-IN, FIRST-OUT (LIFO) INVENTORY VALUATION Dealers who have elected to utilize the LIFO method of reporting inventory values should establish separate general ledger accounts captioned LIFO Reserve for each inventory account affected by LIFO. For example, the entries to establish the initial LIFO adjustment for new vehicles should be handled as follows: New Cars New Trucks Actual inventory $ 425,000 $ 175,000 LIFO inventory 370, ,000 LIFO adjustment $ 55,000 $ 35,000 DEBIT CREDIT ENTRY: Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment $ 90,000 Acct. 231L, Inventory-New Cars-LIFO Reserve $ 55,000 Acct. 237L, Inventory-New Trucks-LIFO Reserve $ 35,000 Subsequent adjustments to each LIFO reserve account should be offset to Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment. LIFO adjustments must be recorded and displayed on Page 7, on the operating report. The Total LIFO Reserve, Line 36, Page 7, will be transferred & displayed on Page 1, Line 35. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 11
21 231 New Cars Assets Inventories Synopsis Account 231 is established to record the inventory value of New Cars on hand. 1. The factory invoice amount, less holdback and other non-related items such as supplemental advertising funds, of New Cars acquired 2. The Internal selling price of dealerinstalled accessories and optional equipment and the labor and materials required for installation 3. The Destination, delivery and handling charges 4. The Cost of new units transferred from demonstration and other temporary company service for sales as new cars 1. The replacement value of accessories, optional equipment and tires removed from new cars and placed in Account 242, Parts & Accessories (inventory) and Account 243, Tires (inventory) as applicable 2. The amount of subsequent factory price reductions 3. The Cost of New Cars placed in demonstration and other temporary company service 4. The Cost of New Cars transferred to other dealers 5. The Cost of New Cars sold and otherwise disposed of Comments A debit balance represents the cost of New Cars in inventory. Note: A record of each unit in the vehicle inventories shown below should be made on a Vehicle Inventory Record at the time the unit is acquired. Stock numbers should be assigned in numerical sequence to new, used and repossessed units acquired. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of a new unit should be given the same stock number as the new unit sold, but followed by the letter A. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of another used unit should be given the same stock number as the used unit sold, but followed by the letter B, etc. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 12
22 Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Demonstrators New Cars New Trucks Other Automotive Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Used Cars Used Trucks LAST-IN, FIRST-OUT (LIFO) INVENTORY VALUATION Dealers who have elected to utilize the LIFO method of reporting inventory values should establish separate general ledger accounts captioned LIFO Reserve for each inventory account affected by LIFO. For example, the entries to establish the initial LIFO adjustment for new vehicles should be handled as follows: New Cars New Trucks Actual inventory $ 425,000 $ 175,000 LIFO inventory 370, ,000 LIFO adjustment $ 55,000 $ 35,000 DEBIT CREDIT ENTRY: Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment $ 90,000 Acct. 231L, Inventory-New Cars-LIFO Reserve $ 55,000 Acct. 237L, Inventory-New Trucks-LIFO Reserve $ 35,000 Subsequent adjustments to each LIFO reserve account should be offset to Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment. LIFO adjustments must be recorded and displayed on Page 7, on the operating report. The Total LIFO Reserve, Line 36, Page 7, will be transferred & displayed on Page 1, Line 35. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 13
23 235 Medium Duty Trucks Assets Inventories Synopsis Account 235 is established to record the inventory value of New Medium Duty Trucks on hand. 1. The factory invoice amount, less holdback and other non-related items such as supplemental advertising funds, of new Medium Duty Trucks acquired 2. The Internal selling price of dealerinstalled accessories and optional equipment and the labor and materials required for installation 3. The cost of dealer installed Other Automotive items and the Internal selling price of the labor and materials required for installation 4. The Destination, delivery and handling charges 5. The Cost of new units transferred from demonstration and other temporary company service for sales as new Medium Duty Trucks 1. The replacement value of accessories, optional equipment and tires removed from new Medium Duty Trucks and placed in Account 242, Parts & Accessories (inventory) and Account 243, Tires (inventory) as applicable 2. The amount of subsequent factory price reductions 3. The Cost of new Medium Duty Trucks placed in demonstration and other temporary company service 4. The Cost of new Medium Duty Trucks transferred to other dealers 5. The Cost of new Medium Duty Trucks sold and otherwise disposed of Comments A debit balance represents the cost of new Medium Duty Trucks in inventory. Note: A record of each unit in the vehicle inventories shown below should be made on a Vehicle Inventory Record at the time the unit is acquired. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 14
24 Stock numbers should be assigned in numerical sequence to new, used and repossessed units acquired. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of a new unit should be given the same stock number as the new unit sold, but followed by the letter A. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of another used unit should be given the same stock number as the used unit sold, but followed by the letter B, etc. Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Demonstrators New Cars New Trucks Other Automotive Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Used Cars Used Trucks LAST-IN, FIRST-OUT (LIFO) INVENTORY VALUATION Dealers who have elected to utilize the LIFO method of reporting inventory values should establish separate general ledger accounts captioned LIFO Reserve for each inventory account affected by LIFO. For example, the entries to establish the initial LIFO adjustment for new vehicles should be handled as follows: New Cars New Trucks Actual inventory $ 425,000 $ 175,000 LIFO inventory 370, ,000 LIFO adjustment $ 55,000 $ 35,000 DEBIT CREDIT ENTRY: Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment $ 90,000 Acct. 231L, Inventory-New Cars-LIFO Reserve $ 55,000 Acct. 237L, Inventory-New Trucks-LIFO Reserve $ 35,000 Subsequent adjustments to each LIFO reserve account should be offset to Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment. LIFO adjustments must be recorded and displayed on Page 7, on the operating report. The Total LIFO Reserve, Line 36, Page 7, will be transferred & displayed on Page 1, Line 35. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 15
25 237 New Trucks Assets Inventories Synopsis Account 237 is established to record the inventory value of New Trucks and Motor Homes on hand. 1. The Factory invoice amount, less holdback and other non-related items such as supplemental advertising funds, of new trucks and motor homes acquired 2. The Internal selling price of dealerinstalled accessories and optional equipment and the labor and materials required for installation 3. The Cost of dealer-installed Other Automotive items and the internal selling price of the labor and materials required for installation 4. The Destination, delivery and handling charges 5. The Cost of new units transferred from demonstration and other temporary company service for sale as new trucks and motor homes 1. The replacement value of accessories, optional equipment and tires removed from new trucks and motor homes and placed in Account, 242, Parts & Accessories (inventory) and Account 243, Tires (inventory) as applicable 2. The Cost of new trucks and motor homes placed in demonstration and other temporary company service 3. The amount of subsequent factory price reductions 4. The Cost of New Trucks and Motor Homes transferred to other dealers 5. The Cost of new trucks and motor homes sold and otherwise disposed of Comments A debit balance represents the cost of new trucks and motor homes in inventory. Note: A record of each unit in the vehicle inventories shown below should be made on a Vehicle Inventory Record at the time the unit is acquired. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 16
26 Stock numbers should be assigned in numerical sequence to new, used and repossessed units acquired. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of a new unit should be given the same stock number as the new unit sold, but followed by the letter A. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of another used unit should be given the same stock number as the used unit sold, but followed by the letter B, etc. Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Demonstrators New Cars New Trucks Other Automotive Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Used Cars Used Trucks LAST-IN, FIRST-OUT (LIFO) INVENTORY VALUATION Dealers who have elected to utilize the LIFO method of reporting inventory values should establish separate general ledger accounts captioned LIFO Reserve for each inventory account affected by LIFO. For example, the entries to establish the initial LIFO adjustment for new vehicles should be handled as follows: New Cars New Trucks Actual inventory $ 425,000 $ 175,000 LIFO inventory 370, ,000 LIFO adjustment $ 55,000 $ 35,000 DEBIT CREDIT ENTRY: Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment $ 90,000 Acct. 231L, Inventory-New Cars-LIFO Reserve $ 55,000 Acct. 237L, Inventory-New Trucks-LIFO Reserve $ 35,000 Subsequent adjustments to each LIFO reserve account should be offset to Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment. LIFO adjustments must be recorded and displayed on Page 7, on the operating report. The Total LIFO Reserve, Line 36, Page 7, will be transferred & displayed on Page 1, Line 35. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 17
27 238 Other Automotive Assets Inventories Synopsis Account 238 is established to record inventory of Other Automotive merchandise that cannot be classified as a Car, Truck or Medium Duty Truck. 1. The factory invoice amount, less holdback and other non-related items such as supplemental advertising funds, of new other automotive items acquired 2. The Internal selling price of dealerinstalled accessories and optional equipment and the labor and materials required for installation 3. The Destination, delivery and handling charges 4. The lower of trade-in allowance or appraised wholesale value of used items accepted in trade on sales of new and used items 5. The Cost of used items purchased 6. The Traveling expenditures when acquiring these items 7. The selling price of the labor and materials used in reconditioning 8. The Auction fees on used items purchased 1. The replacement value of accessories, optional equipment and tires removed from other automotive items and placed in Account, 243 Tires (inventory) and Account 252, Other (inventory) as applicable 2. The amount of subsequent factory price reductions 3. Any required writedown of new items to market value 4. The monthly writedown of used items to appraised wholesale values 5. The Inventory value of items sold and otherwise disposed of Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 18
28 Comments A debit balance represents the inventory value of other automotive items in inventory regularly stocked for resale. This should include all new and used self-propelled vehicles (other than motor homes) and other automotive-oriented merchandise such as: a. Aircraft b. Boats c. Camper bodies d. Farm tractors e. Golf carts f. Motorcycles g. Scooters h. Snowmobiles i. Special bodies j. Truck equipment and trainers k. Utility, house and camp trailers Note: A record of each unit in the vehicle inventories shown below should be made on a Vehicle Inventory Record at the time the unit is acquired. Stock numbers should be assigned in numerical sequence to new, used and repossessed units acquired. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of a new unit should be given the same stock number as the new unit sold, but followed by the letter A. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of another used unit should be given the same stock number as the used unit sold, but followed by the letter B, etc. Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Demonstrators New Cars New Trucks Other Automotive Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Used Cars Used Trucks Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 19
29 LAST-IN, FIRST-OUT (LIFO) INVENTORY VALUATION Dealers who have elected to utilize the LIFO method of reporting inventory values should establish separate general ledger accounts captioned LIFO Reserve for each inventory account affected by LIFO. For example, the entries to establish the initial LIFO adjustment for new vehicles should be handled as follows: New Cars New Trucks Actual inventory $ 425,000 $ 175,000 LIFO inventory 370, ,000 LIFO adjustment $ 55,000 $ 35,000 DEBIT CREDIT ENTRY: Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment $ 90,000 Acct. 231L, Inventory-New Cars-LIFO Reserve $ 55,000 Acct. 237L, Inventory-New Trucks-LIFO Reserve $ 35,000 Subsequent adjustments to each LIFO reserve account should be offset to Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment. LIFO adjustments must be recorded and displayed on Page 7, on the operating report. The Total LIFO Reserve, Line 36, Page 7, will be transferred & displayed on Page 1, Line 35. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 20
30 240 Used Cars Assets Inventories Synopsis Account 240 is established to record the inventory value of Used Cars on hand. 1. The lower of trade-in allowance or appraised wholesale value of used cars accepted in trade on sales of new and used units 2. The Cost of used cars purchased, including those of factory representatives 3. The Internal selling price of the labor and materials used in reconditioning 4. The traveling expenditures when acquiring used cars 5. The auction fees on used cars purchased 6. The Appraised wholesale value of company-owned cars, other than those in demonstration and other temporary company service, transferred for sales as used cars 7. The Appraised wholesale value of repossessed cars 1. The Inventory value if used cars sold and otherwise disposed of 2. The monthly write down to appraised wholesale values Comments A debit balance represents the inventory value of used cars intended for resale. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 21
31 Note: The inventory value of each used vehicle should be the lower of cost or appraised wholesale value. The cost of a used vehicle is: Trade-in allowance OR Purchase price PLUS Internal selling price of mechanical and body reconditioning, including accessories, optional equipment and body and truck equipment plus the internal selling price of the labor and materials required for installation. Traveling expenditures when acquiring vehicles. Auction fees on vehicles purchased. At each month end, used vehicles should be adjusted to appraised wholesale values through Acct. 649, Adjustment-Used Car Inventory, and Acct. 653, Adjustment-Used Truck Inventory, as applicable. A record of the cost of reconditioning a used vehicle and the amount of the monthly writedown, if necessary, should be made on the applicable Vehicle Inventory Record. Used vehicles purchased at GM auctions and from GM divisions should be identified. This can be accomplished by the use of a prefix to the stock number such as PGM 236. The P meaning a purchased unit and GM meaning GM auction or divisions. A record of each unit in the vehicle inventories shown below should be made on a Vehicle Inventory Record at the time the unit is acquired. Stock numbers should be assigned in numerical sequence to new, used and repossessed units acquired. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of a new unit should be given the same stock number as the new unit sold, but followed by the letter A. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of another used unit should be given the same stock number as the used unit sold, but followed by the letter B, etc. Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Demonstrators New Cars New Trucks Other Automotive Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 22
32 Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Used Cars Used Trucks LAST-IN, FIRST-OUT (LIFO) INVENTORY VALUATION Dealers who have elected to utilize the LIFO method of reporting inventory values should establish separate general ledger accounts captioned LIFO Reserve for each inventory account affected by LIFO. For example, the entries to establish the initial LIFO adjustment for new vehicles should be handled as follows: New Cars New Trucks Actual inventory $ 425,000 $ 175,000 LIFO inventory 370, ,000 LIFO adjustment $ 55,000 $ 35,000 DEBIT CREDIT ENTRY: Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment $ 90,000 Acct. 231L, Inventory-New Cars-LIFO Reserve $ 55,000 Acct. 237L, Inventory-New Trucks-LIFO Reserve $ 35,000 Subsequent adjustments to each LIFO reserve account should be offset to Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment. LIFO adjustments must be recorded and displayed on Page 7, on the operating report. The Total LIFO Reserve, Line 36, Page 7, will be transferred & displayed on Page 1, Line 35. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 23
33 241 Used Trucks Assets Inventories Synopsis Account 241 is established to record the inventory value of Used Trucks on hand. 1. The lower of trade-in allowance or appraised wholesale value of used trucks and motor homes accepted in trade on sales of new and used units 2. The Cost of used trucks and motor homes purchased, including those of factory representatives 3. The Internal selling price of the labor and materials used in reconditioning 4. The traveling expenditures when acquiring used trucks and motor homes 5. The auction fees on used trucks and motor homes purchased 6. The Appraised wholesale value of company-owned trucks and motor homes, other than those in demonstration and other temporary company service, transferred for sales as used trucks 7. The Appraised wholesale value of repossessed trucks 1. The Inventory value of used trucks and motor homes sold and otherwise disposed of 2. The monthly write down to appraised wholesale values Comments A debit balance represents the inventory value of used trucks and motor homes intended for resale. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 24
34 Note: The inventory value of each used vehicle should be the lower of cost or appraised wholesale value. The cost of a used vehicle is: Trade-in allowance OR Purchase price PLUS Internal selling price of mechanical and body reconditioning, including accessories, optional equipment and body and truck equipment plus the internal selling price of the labor and materials required for installation. Traveling expenditures when acquiring vehicles. Auction fees on vehicles purchased. At each month end, used vehicles should be adjusted to appraised wholesale values through Acct. 649, Adjustment-Used Car Inventory, and Acct. 653, Adjustment-Used Truck Inventory, as applicable. A record of the cost of reconditioning a used vehicle and the amount of the monthly writedown, if necessary, should be made on the applicable Vehicle Inventory Record. Used vehicles purchased at GM auctions and from GM divisions should be identified. This can be accomplished by the use of a prefix to the stock number such as PGM 236. The P meaning a purchased unit and GM meaning GM auction or divisions. A record of each unit in the vehicle inventories shown below should be made on a Vehicle Inventory Record at the time the unit is acquired. Stock numbers should be assigned in numerical sequence to new, used and repossessed units acquired. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of a new unit should be given the same stock number as the new unit sold, but followed by the letter A. A used unit accepted in trade on the sale of another used unit should be given the same stock number as the used unit sold, but followed by the letter B, etc. Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Demonstrators New Cars New Trucks Other Automotive Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 25
35 Supporting month-end schedules should be prepared. These schedules should be in agreement with the general ledger accounts and compared to physical inventories of the following: Used Cars Used Trucks LAST-IN, FIRST-OUT (LIFO) INVENTORY VALUATION Dealers who have elected to utilize the LIFO method of reporting inventory values should establish separate general ledger accounts captioned LIFO Reserve for each inventory account affected by LIFO. For example, the entries to establish the initial LIFO adjustment for new vehicles should be handled as follows: New Cars New Trucks Actual inventory $ 425,000 $ 175,000 LIFO inventory 370, ,000 LIFO adjustment $ 55,000 $ 35,000 DEBIT CREDIT ENTRY: Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment $ 90,000 Acct. 231L, Inventory-New Cars-LIFO Reserve $ 55,000 Acct. 237L, Inventory-New Trucks-LIFO Reserve $ 35,000 Subsequent adjustments to each LIFO reserve account should be offset to Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment. LIFO adjustments must be recorded and displayed on Page 7, on the operating report. The Total LIFO Reserve, Line 36, Page 7, will be transferred & displayed on Page 1, Line 35. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 26
36 242 Parts and Accessories Assets Inventories Synopsis Account 242 is established to record the inventory value of Parts and Accessories on hand. 1. The Cost of parts and accessories acquired, other than those purchased with new vehicles 2. The Cost of shop supplies acquired 3. The amount of Purchase discounts earned 4. The replacement value of accessories and optional equipment removed from new vehicles and placed in inventory 5. The Inventory value of parts and accessories returned by customers 6. The Adjustment for the difference between book and physical inventory count values 7. The Adjustment for periodic price increases by the manufacturer 1. The amount of Purchase discounts 2. The Inventory value of parts and accessories sold and otherwise disposed of 3. The Inventory value of parts and accessories returned to suppliers 4. The Adjustment for the difference between book and physical count values 5. The Inventory value of shop supplies sold and otherwise disposed of 6. The Adjustment for period price decreases by the manufacturer Comments A Debit Balance represents the inventory value of automotive parts and accessories. Note: Sub-Accounts should be set up for GM Accessories, Parts Cores and Shop Supplies. If other than new G.M. vehicles are sold by the dealership, a separate General Ledger Account should be established for the inventory of parts and accessories related to the other lines handled. This account should be combined with Account 242, Parts & Accessories when preparing the month-end trial balance. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 27
37 A physical inventory of parts and accessories should be taken at least once a year. It should be priced at the lower of cost or market value. Any difference between book and physical count values should be adjusted through Acct. 688, Adjustment-Parts and Accessories Inventory. Physical inventories should be taken at each month end of the following: Tires Gas, Oil and Grease Paint and Body Shop Materials These inventories should be priced at the lower of cost or market values. Any differences between book and physical count values should be adjusted through the following accounts, as applicable: Acct. 690, Cost of Sales-Tires Acct. 691, Cost of Sales-Gas, Oil and Grease Acct. 669, Cost of Sales-Shop Supplies Acct. 679, Cost of Sales-Paint and Body Shop Materials A physical inventory of other merchandise should be taken at least once each year. It should be priced at the lower of cost or market value. Any difference between book and physical count values should be adjusted through Acct. 692, Cost if Sales-Miscellaneous. LAST-IN, FIRST-OUT (LIFO) INVENTORY VALUATION Dealers who have elected to utilize the LIFO method for reporting other inventories should establish separate general ledger accounts captioned LIFO Reserve for each other inventory account affected by LIFO. For example, the entries to establish the initial LIFO adjustment should be handled as follows: Parts and Accessories Inventory Other Inventory Actual inventory $ 170,000 $ 50,000 LIFO inventory 135,000 42,000 LIFO adjustment $ 35,000 $ 8,000 DEBIT CREDIT ENTRY: Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment $ 43,000 Acct. 242L, Inventory-Parts & Accessories-LIFO Reserve $ 35,000 Acct. 252L, Inventory-Other-LIFO Reserve $ 8,000 Subsequent adjustments to each LIFO reserve account should be offset to Acct. 952 LIFO Adjustment. LIFO adjustments must be recorded and displayed on Page 7, on the operating report. The Total LIFO Reserve, Line 36, Page 7, will be transferred & displayed on Page 1, Line 35. Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 28
38 243 Tires Assets Inventories Synopsis Account 243 is established to record the inventory value of Tires on hand. 1. The Cost of tires acquired, other than those purchased with new vehicles 2. The replacement value of tires removed from new vehicles and placed in inventory 3. The Adjustment for the difference between book and physical count values 1. The Inventory value of tires sold and otherwise disposed of 2. The Inventory value of tires returned to suppliers 3. The Adjustment for the difference between book and physical count values Comments A debit balance represents the inventory value of tires. Note: Physical inventories should be taken at each month end of the following: Tires Gas, Oil and Grease Paint and Body Shop Materials These inventories should be priced at the lower of cost or market values. Any differences between book and physical count values should be adjusted through the following accounts, as applicable: Acct. 690, Cost of Sales-Tires Acct. 691, Cost of Sales-Gas, Oil and Grease Acct. 679, Cost of Sales-Paint and Body Shop Materials Revised 7/9/2013 Assets Pg 29
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