Source: http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/8122929.html
Timestamp: 2018-12-19 12:28:45
Document Index: 359730901

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 0950', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 28', 'art 8', 'arts 28', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 8']

Machine for the production of sheet elements from composite material - Patent # 8122929 - PatentGenius
8122929 Machine for the production of sheet elements from composite material
Inventor: Zahnd, et al.
Application: 11/921,488
Inventors: Zahnd; Juerg (Utzenstorf, CH)
Boos; Christoph (Bern, CH)
Assignee: 3S Swiss Solar Systems AG (Lyss, CH)
U.S. Class: 156/382; 156/381; 156/583.3; 156/583.5
Field Of Search: 156/381; 156/382; 156/580; 156/583.1; 156/583.3; 156/583.5
Foreign Patent Documents: 30 17 273; 0 066 556
Other References: International Search Report (ISR). cited by other.
English translation of International Preliminary Report on Patentability (IPRP). cited by other.
Abstract: The machine (1) has a heated plate (5), conveyor means (6) for conveying the elements (4) along a conveyor path leading across the heated plate (5), a top part (8) which can be moved vertically with respect to the heated plate (5), a membrane (9) disposed on the top part (8) and a separating film (10) disposed between the membrane (9) and the heated plate (5) which can be moved synchronously with the conveyor means. The separating film (10) is divided into sections (11) and every section (11) is retained exclusively by a single edge oriented transversely to the conveying path by retaining means (32). The sections (11) therefore sit loosely on the elements (4) free of tension. The membrane (9) lies against a peripherally extending peripheral face (46) of the top part (8) facing the heated plate (5) and can be moved directly onto the plane of the surface of the heated plate (5) in order to form a closed chamber with it. Finally, the membrane (9) is connected to clamping means (25, 26, 27).
1. A machine for producing board-shaped elements of composite material comprising: (a) a heated plate; (b) a conveyor for conveying the elements along a conveyor pathleading across the heated plate; (c) a top part vertically movable relative to the heated plate; (d) a membrane disposed on the top part; (e) a separating film disposed between the membrane and the heated plate and movable synchronously with theconveyor; (f) a retaining device; and (g) a drive for moving the retaining device along the conveyor path; wherein the separating film is divided into a plurality of sections unconnected to one another, each section being retained exclusively at asingle edge oriented transversely to the conveying path by the retaining device.
2. The machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drive has a circulating traction device.
3. The machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sections have first and second section surfaces and said machine further comprises a pulley for guiding the sections in a circle and a plurality of guides provided in a region where the sectionsare fed essentially vertically downwards, said guides comprising brushes having bristles directed towards at least one of the first and second section surfaces.
4. The machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the retaining device comprises a C-shaped section having a lengthways orifice having a width, wherein a closed loop of each section extends into the orifice, and wherein an anchoring bar having adiameter larger than the width of the orifice retains the closed loop in the orifice.
Applicants claim priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119 of Swiss Application No. 0950/05 filed Jun. 3, 2005. Applicant also claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.365 of PCT/EP2006/005221 filed Jun. 1, 2006. The international application underPCT article 21(2) was not published in English.
The invention relates to a machine for producing board-shaped elements of composite material, with a heated plate, conveyor means for transporting the elements along a conveyor path running above the heated plate, a top part which can be movedvertically with respect to the heated plate, a membrane disposed on the top part and a separating film disposed between the membrane and the heated plate which can be moved synchronously with the conveyor means.
When producing board-shaped elements made from composite material, for example photovoltaic elements, several layers, including glass amongst others, are assembled under the effect of pressure and heat. The machines needed for this processgenerally have a heatable laminating station, a cooling station and conveying means for intermittently conveying the elements. The laminating station has a heated plate and a top part which can be lowered onto the heated plate, and a membrane isprovided which forms a closed chamber in conjunction with the heated plate in the lowered state. By evacuating this chamber, gas can be removed from around the elements and the membrane is applied to the heated plate due to the pressure acting on theside of the membrane facing away from the chamber so that the elements are pressed together.
In terms of conveying means for the elements, known means comprise a conveyor belt, which simultaneously protects the heated plate against dirt, for example adhesive spilling out of the elements. In order to protect the vacuum membrane as well,a known approach is to provide a separating film for the elements, covering their top surface. Both the conveyor belt and the separating film may be used in the form of endless webs. The disadvantage of this is that control mechanisms have to beprovided in order to ensure that the webs do not run sideways off the rollers conveying and turning the webs. Instead of using endless webs, a known way of avoiding this problem is to use sections which are conveyed by means of traction elements, forexample chains, disposed to the side of the displacement path. This being the case, the sections are inter-connected by spring elements to form an endless loop. Due to the spring elements, the sections are subjected to tensile stress in the conveyingdirection, which causes the sections of separating film lying on top to lift off the elements as soon as the pressing force is removed. Any adhesive which leaks out between the separating film and the elements exerts a force directed upwards towards theelements, which is particularly problematic in the laminating station because the adhesive between the layers of elements has not yet set at this stage.
In the case of many known machines, the membrane is clamped in a frame, which is in turn sealed with respect to the heated plate and its edge by means of a peripherally extending seal when the press is closed. Apart from the extra work neededto produce the frame and the seal, the disadvantage of this approach is the fact that the membrane is subjected to high tensile forces in the region of the frame during the pressing operation. Tearing of the membrane during the pressing operation cancause damage to the elements to be laminated. During operation, the membrane is exposed to high temperature fluctuations, as a result of which it expands and contracts again with every work cycle. If the membrane is retained in the frame too loosely,there is a tendency for creases to form and it has to be tautened again. The job of subsequent tautening takes time because the frame has to be dismantled and then screwed back down again after tautening.
The underlying objective of the invention is to propose a laminating machine which does not have the disadvantages outlined above.
This objective is achieved by the invention due to the fact that the separating film is divided into sections, every section is held by retaining means exclusively at a single edge oriented transversely to the conveying path, the sections arenot connected to one another and the retaining means can be moved along the conveying path by drive means.
The advantages of this solution reside in the fact that the separating film conforms efficiently to the shape of the elements to be laminated because it lies loosely on the elements and the separating film is not stretched when the press isopened, which means that no force is transmitted by the separating film to the elements. Also as a result of the invention, a saving is made on components and the work involved in inter-connecting the sections of separating film which has to be carriedout in the case of known machines is dispensed with.
In one embodiment of the invention, the drive means have peripherally extending traction means, in particular chains. These traction means may be guided next to the heated plate and can be easily synchronised with the conveyor means.
In another embodiment, the sections are guided in a circle by pulley means, and in a region where the sections are guided essentially vertically in a downward direction, guides in the form of brushes are provided, with bristles oriented towardsat least one of the two surfaces of the sections. Without these guides, the sections of the separating film at the rear as viewed in the conveying direction, which are effectively held by the retaining means at the front end only, drop downwards in thisregion and prevent the elements from getting into the machine.
In another embodiment, the retaining means have a C-shaped section, into the lengthways orifice of which a closed loop of the section extends, in which an anchoring bar is accommodated, the diameter of which is bigger than the width of theorifice. These retaining means are particularly simple and inexpensive to manufacture and also ensure that the sections of separating film are secured without creases.
By virtue of another aspect of the invention, the objective is achieved due to the fact that the membrane lies against a peripherally extending peripheral surface of the top part facing the heated plate, the membrane can be fitted on the surfaceof the heated place or its edge in an arrangement which provides a seal with the region of its surface lying opposite the peripheral surface to prevent excessive external pressure and the membrane is connected to clamping means disposed on the top part.
A major advantage of this solution resides in the fact that the membrane itself provides the seal on the heated plate forming a closed chamber in conjunction with it, with the separating film and optionally the conveying means inserted inbetween but without a frame incorporating an additional seal. During the pressing operation, therefore, few tensile forces act on the membrane because the zone in which the membrane is clamped is disposed on a level with the heated plate and not abovethe heated plate, as is the case with the prior art. The maximum tensile force in the membrane does not therefore occur until the press is opened, so that any tearing of the membrane which might occur does not cause damage to the laminated elements. Furthermore, a pre-defined clamping action can be obtained and maintained in the membrane by the clamping means, thereby avoiding excessive strain and creases in the membrane.
In one embodiment, the clamping means are connected to the membrane by means of clamp mechanisms. The clamp mechanisms enable the membrane to be held and clamped without having to provide holes in its edge, which can tear open in a knownmanner.
In another embodiment, every clamp mechanism comprises two clamping jaws which can be clamped to one another by screws and which have longitudinally disposed recesses and clamp the membrane between them, and a section deflecting the membrane isplaced in at least one of the recesses. These inexpensive features enable the membrane to be secured particularly reliably without excessive strain, due to a strong pinching action.
In another embodiment, the clamping means contain a mechanism which generates at least one force. Other than a mechanism which stores a force, such as a spring, a device such as a servo-motor may be used to generate a force, which maintains aconstant clamping action even in the event of big changes to the length of the membrane.
In another embodiment, the device generating the force is piston-cylinder unit. Such a unit saves on space and is particularly easy to operate.
In another embodiment, finally, the device generating the force is connected to the membrane via traction means. This feature enables the device generating the force to be positioned where space is left available on the machine.
Theinvention will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples of embodiments illustrated in the appended drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematically illustrated longitudinal section through an embodiment of the machine proposed by the invention,
FIG. 2 shows a detail from FIG. 1 on a larger scale than in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows the same detail as FIG. 2 but in a different operating mode,
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the retaining means for the separating film,
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the clamping means for the membrane and
FIG. 6 shows a detail from a machine of the type known from the prior art.
Firstly, it should be pointed out that the same parts described in the different embodiments are denoted by the same reference numbers and the same component names and the disclosures made throughout the description can be transposed in terms ofmeaning to same parts bearing the same reference numbers or same component names. Furthermore, the positions chosen for the purposes of the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. relate to the drawing specifically being described and can betransposed in terms of meaning to a new position when another position is being described.
The embodiments illustrated as examples represent possible design variants of the machine and it should be pointed out at this stage that the invention is not specifically limited to the design variants specifically illustrated, and instead theindividual design variants may be used in different combinations with one another and these possible variations lie within the reach of the person skilled in this technical field given the disclosed technical teaching. Accordingly, all conceivabledesign variants which can be obtained by combining individual details of the design variants described and illustrated are possible and fall within the scope of the invention.
For the sake of good order, finally, it should be pointed out that, in order to provide a clearer understanding of the structure of the machine, it and its constituent parts are illustrated to a certain extent out of scale and/or on an enlargedscale and/or on a reduced scale.
FIG. 1 is a highly simplified schematic diagram showing a view in section through the longitudinal axis of one embodiment of a machine 1 proposed by the invention. The machine is naturally mounted in a frame, although this is not illustrated inorder to retain clarity. In the machine, board-shaped elements 4, such as photovoltaic elements, are conveyed by a conveyor means 6 into a laminating station 2, where the elements 4 are laminated under the effect of pressure and heat. The elements 4are then conveyed by the conveyor means 6 in the direction of arrow 31 to a cooling station 3, where they remain under pressure for a certain period of time. The laminating station 2 essentially comprises a heated plate 5 and a top part 8 which can bemoved vertically with respect to it. Reference 12 denotes lifting drives, by means of which the top part 8 can be lowered and raised relative to the heated plate 5. On its bottom face, the top part 8 bears a membrane 9, which forms a closed chamberwith the heated plate 5 which can be evacuated when the top part 8 is in the lowered state. When the chamber is evacuated, the elements 4 to be laminated are pressed by the membrane 9 against the heated plate 5 and any air inclusions which might stillexist between the layers of elements 4 are removed and adhesive disposed between the layers of elements 4 is activated due to the pressure and/or the heat. A chamber 16 is formed in the top part 8 between the membrane 9 and an intermediate wall 14, towhich a negative pressure or a positive pressure can be applied in order either to raise the membrane 9 or push it down. A cavity 13 provided in the top part communicates with the chamber 16 via orifices 15 disposed in the intermediate wall 14.
The cooling station 3 essentially comprises a cooling plate 21 and a top part 28 which can be moved relative to it by means of lifting drives 22 and which, like the top part 8 of the laminating station 2, likewise bears a membrane 29.
The conveyor means 6 in this example are provided in the form of rectangular sections 7 of flat, flexible material, which are retained both by the front edge in the conveying direction 31 and at the rear edge in the conveying direction byretaining means 23. The retaining means 23 of two adjacent sections 7 of the conveyor means 6 are connected to one another by springs 24 so that the conveyor means 6 forms an endless loop guided around pulley blocks 18, the re-circulating strand ofwhich is guided underneath the cooling plate 21 and the heated plate 5.
A separating film 10 is laid without any tension on every element 4 or group of elements 4 at the intake end 30 into the machine 1, on the one hand in order to protect the membrane 9 from soiling, for example due to adhesive spilling out of theelements 4, and on the other hand to prevent any force, which might occur in particular when opening the laminating station 2, from causing a relative movement between the individual layers of elements 4. Every section of the separating film 10 isretained at a leading edge in the conveying direction 31, oriented perpendicular to the conveying direction by retaining means 32, in the form of a section in the embodiment illustrated as an example here, which is moved along the conveyor path by atraction means drive, for example a chain, disposed at both ends of the conveyor path. The retaining means 32 will be described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4. The other edges of the sections 11 of separating film 10 are free, so thatevery section lies loosely on the elements 4 as it is conveyed through the machine 1. This is of particular advantage on the run leading away from the laminating station 2 to the cooling station 3 because the elements 4 are still hot here and theadhesive joining the individual layers has not yet set and is therefore sticky and has a tendency to flow. If the separating film were tensioned on this run, as is the case with the machines known from the prior art mentioned above, this could lead toan undesired relative movement between the layers. The other advantage which this arrangement has over that known from the prior art is that a retaining means can be dispensed with on one side for each section of the separating film 10 and the springsconnecting the sections can be dispensed with altogether. The traction means drive moving the retaining means 32 runs in a circle and the sections 11 of separating film 10 are guided by means of pulley blocks 17, as a result of which they are fed abovethe top parts 28 respectively 8 of the cooling station 3 and laminating station 2 back to the intake end 30 of the machine 1, on the left-hand side in FIG. 1. Guides may be provided above the machine (not illustrated), across which the free end 19 ofevery section of the separating film 10 is dragged. In order to prevent the sections 11 from simply falling in the region in which they are fed back in an essentially vertical direction with respect to the intake end 30, guides are provided there in theform of elongate brushes 20 oriented in the conveying direction 31. Rigid guides disposed on both faces of the separating film 10 would be inappropriate because they would then have to be separated from one another by a space to enable the retainingmeans 32 to pass through between them. Depending on the stiffness of the separating film 10, the latter would be able to fold backwards and forwards between the guides in this space, thereby undesirably leading to bending. By contrast, the brushes onthe two sides of the separating film 10 may reach as far as its top surface, because their bristles flex, thereby enabling the retaining means 32 to pass by without any difficulty.
Although these are not illustrated, cleaning mechanisms may be provided on the run on which the conveyor means 6 and the separating film 10 are directed on leaving the cooling station 3 back to the intake end 30 of the machine 1, by means ofwhich any soiling such as adhesive residues may be removed from the conveyor means 6 and separating film 10. As clearly illustrated in FIG. 1, the conveyor means 6 and the separating film 10 do not have to be of the same length. For example, theseparating film 10 may perfectly easily have one or more sections than the conveyor means 6.
FIG. 2 is a detail from FIG. 1 on a larger scale illustrating the laminating station 2 in the opened position, in other words with the top part 8 raised. The element 4 to be laminated is positioned on the heated plate 5 with a section 7 of theconveyor means disposed in between and covered by means of a section 11 of the separating film. As may be seen from this drawing, the retaining means 32 of section 11, the retaining means 23 of section 7 and the springs 24 which interconnect thesections 23 are positioned so that they are clamped by the top part 8 as it is moved downwards. The retaining means 32 of section 11 and the retaining means 23 of section 7 are offset from one another in the conveying direction so that they do not lieon top of one another. The membrane 9 is guided around the edges 46 of the top part 8, and a seal 34 may be inserted between the membrane 9 and the top part 8. The edges of the membrane 9 are held by means of a clamp mechanism 33 which co-operates witha clamp drive 25. The clamp drive 25 is advantageously provided in the form of a hydraulically or pneumatically driven piston-cylinder unit. In order to save on space, it is of advantage if the clamp drive 25 is disposed above on the top part 8 and itsforce is transmitted to the clamp mechanisms 33 via traction means 26, for example Bowden cables fed by pulley blocks 27, for example. The clamp drive 25 enables a pre-defined tension to be maintained in the membrane 9. To this end, it may be connectedto the control system of the machine.
FIG. 3 illustrates the laminating station closed, in other words the top part 8 has been lowered by means of the lifting drive 12 until the peripherally extending bottom edge 46 presses the seal 34, the membrane 9, the section 11 of separatingfilm and the section 7 of the conveyor means 6 in a sealing arrangement against the heated plate 5 and its edge lying at the same level. As a result, a closed chamber 35 is formed between the heated plate 5 and the membrane 9, in which the elements 4 tobe laminated are disposed. This chamber 35 is now evacuated so that gas is removed from around the elements 4 and the membrane 9 lies tightly on the elements 4 whilst section 11 of the separating film 10 lies loosely on top of them.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an embodiment of the retaining means 32 of section 11 of the separating film 10 on a larger scale than in the preceding drawings. Section 11 of the separating film 10 is provided with a loop 36 at a single edge,which may be formed by folding it over and welding, adhering or stitching. This loop 36 is retained in the lengthways orifice of a C-shaped section 37 by means of an anchoring bar 38, the diameter of which is bigger than the width of said orifice. Theanchoring bar is advantageously of a tubular shape.
FIG. 5 illustrates the clamp mechanism for the membrane 9 on an even larger scale than illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 above. The membrane 9 is clamped between two clamping jaws 39 and 40, of which clamping jaw 39 is connected to the tractionmeans 26, although this is not illustrated. In order to improve the hold of the membrane 9 in the clamp mechanism 33, the clamping jaw 40 is also provided with longitudinally extending recesses in which the fitting sections 42 fit. The clamping jaw 39also has recesses in the region of the fitting sections, so that the membrane 9 is bent round on clamping, which significantly increases friction resistance to being torn out. Screws 41 are used to clamp the clamping jaws 39 and 40 together.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a detail of a laminating press of the type known from the prior art. The membrane 9 is secured by means of a clamping frame 43 attached to the top part 8. The clamping frame 43 is fixedly screwed to aflange of the top part by means of screws 45 which are inserted through holes provided in the membrane 9. In order to seal the frame 43 on the heated plate 5 and its edge, it is necessary to provide a seal 44 in the clamping frame 43.
1 Machine 2 Laminating station 3 Cooling station 4 Board-shaped element 5 Heated plate 6 Conveyor means 7 Section of 6 8 Top part of 2 9 Membrane 10 Separating film 11 Section of 10 12 Lifting drive for 8 13 Cavity in 8 14 Intermediate wall of 815 Orifice in 14 16 Chamber 17 Pulley block for 10 18 Pulley block for 6 19 Free end of 10 20 Brushes 21 Cooling plate 22 Lifting drive for 28 23 Retaining means for 6 24 Spring 25 Clamp drive 26 Traction means 27 Pulley block 28 Top part of 3 29Membrane 30 Intake end 31 Conveyor mechanism 32 Retaining means for 11 33 Clamp mechanism 34 Seal 35 Chamber 36 Loop 37 C-section 38 Bar 39 Clamping jaw 40 Clamping jaw 41 Screw 42 Fitting section 43 Clamping frame 44 Seal 45 Screw 46 Peripheral surface
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