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Timestamp: 2013-05-23 06:27:01
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PLC - Enforcement and Remedies: Land and Buildings
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1Adjudication: a quick guideAdjudication is a compulsory dispute resolution mechanism that applies to the construction industry in the UK. This note explains what adjudication is, what types of construction disputes it is appropriate for and gives guidance on what to do if you receive a notice of adjudication. This is one of a series of quick guides, see Quick guides.Practice note: overviewMaintained2Adverse possession toolkitA toolkit to guide users around PLC Property materials on adverse possession.Practice note: overviewMaintained3Arbitration: a ten-minute guideNeed to find out about arbitration in ten minutes? This practice note aims to provide a bird's eye view of the most important features of arbitration and arbitration law, from commencement of proceedings right through to enforcement of awards. Links to more detailed discussion are provided.Practice note: overviewMaintained4Challenging awards in the English courts: an overviewWhat remedies are available if a party to an arbitration wishes to challenge the arbitration award? This note examines and compares the three ways in which an award can be challenged in the English courts.Practice note: overviewMaintained5Costs: an overviewAn overview of costs in litigation. Separate practice notes cover specific topics in more detail. There are also other useful resources under the Costs topic. For information on funding, see the Funding topic.Practice note: overviewMaintained6County courts: jurisdiction and overviewThis note provides an overview of the county courts and their jurisdiction. It also: Explains the hierarchy of the civil courts in England and Wales. Considers the jurisdiction of the High Court. Looks at in which court proceedings should be commenced. Provides a general overview of the Civil Procedure Rules.Practice note: overviewMaintained7Dilapidations: overviewAn overview of the main issues that arise from breaches of tenants' covenants relating to the state of repair of premises demised by a commercial lease, with a particular focus on damages claims, made on the expiry of the lease, for breaches of a tenant's repairing covenant.Practice note: overviewMaintained8Enforcement: toolkit A toolkit with links to PLC materials dealing with enforcement proceedings in relation to: Money judgments. Civil litigation proceedings (county court). Criminal litigation proceedings. Arbitration claims. Debt claims. Employment Tribunal judgments. Misrepresentation, negligence, restitution and breach of contract claims. Bankruptcy and liquidation proceedings. Insolvency proceedings. Property and planning enforcement proceedings. Health and safety proceedings. Parking enforcement proceedings. Financial services.Practice note: overviewMaintained9Enforcing a money judgment: an overviewThis practice note outlines the various methods of enforcement available for enforcing a money judgment, gives practical tips for choosing the best method for particular circumstances, and covers other preliminary matters. The note links to separate practice notes on various methods for more detail, and also to another note which answers frequently asked questions on enforcement of a money judgment.Practice note: overviewMaintained10General Practice Direction on Pre-Action ConductAn overview of the General Practice Direction on Pre-Action Conduct (PDPAC) and the consequences of non-compliance. The PDPAC applies to all pre-action conduct in the civil courts including the county court.Practice note: overviewMaintained11Jackson/civil litigation reform: toolkitA collection of resources on the Jackson/civil litigation reform that should assist practitioners with: What the various changes are and when they will be implemented. Finding relevant legislation, court rules, forms and guidance.Practice note: overviewMaintained12Judicial review: a quick guideA quick guide to judicial review, including who can apply for a review, what decisions can be reviewed and the remedies which may be granted. This is one of a series of quick guides, see Quick guides.Practice note: overviewMaintained13Judicial review: toolkitA toolkit to guide users through key maintained PLC content on judicial review.Practice note: overviewMaintained14Listed buildings toolkitA toolkit to guide users around PLC Property materials on listed buildings, including enforcement powers for dealing with breaches of the regime.Practice note: overviewMaintained15Perpetuities and trusts: overviewA note explaining what the rule against perpetuities is and how it applies to trusts. It covers the common law rules, the Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 2009, the Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 1964 and the Law of Property Act 1925. It links to detailed notes on how to apply the rule in common trust situations.Practice note: overviewMaintained16Planning enforcement toolkitA toolkit to guide users around PLC Property materials on planning enforcement.Practice note: overviewMaintained17PWA 1996: a quick guide to its notice requirements and ...A quick guide to the Party Wall etc. Act 1996 (PWA 1996), explaining the Act's notice requirements and its section 10 dispute resolution procedure. This is one of a series of quick guides, see Quick guides.Practice note: overviewMaintained18PWA 1996: a quick guide to what it is and what works it coversA quick guide to the Party Wall etc. Act 1996 (PWA 1996), explaining what the Act does and what works the Act covers. This is one of a series of quick guides, see Quick guides.Practice note: overviewMaintained19PWA 1996: a toolkit to the Party Wall etc. Act 1996A guide to PLC's materials on the Party Wall etc. Act 1996 (PWA 1996).Practice note: overviewMaintained20Rent: review, protection and enforcement toolkitA toolkit to guide users around PLC Property materials on rent and different ways of structuring rent reviews, such as market rent reviews (including upwards only reviews), index-linked rents (such as rent linked to the Retail Prices Index (RPI)) and turnover rent leases. The toolkit also includes information on rent deposits, methods for enforcing payment and ways of recovering rent arrears.Practice note: overviewMaintained21Acquiring land by adverse possessionThis practice note explains the elements needed to establish adverse possession: factual possession and intention to possess. It also links to two practice notes on the procedure for claiming title to land by adverse possession: Adverse possession and the Land Registration Act 2002. This explains the regime for adverse possession in relation to registered land under the Land Registration Act 2002 (LRA 2002), which came into force on 13 October 2003. Adverse possession before the Land Registration Act 2002. This explains the regime for adverse possession as it used to apply to both registered and unregistered land, and which will continue to apply to unregistered land. The law on adverse possession as it stood before the LRA 2002, continues to apply to registered land where the possession relied upon is for a period of at least 12 years ending before 13 October 2003.Practice notesMaintained22An introduction to judicial reviewThis practice note provides an introduction to the substantive law relating to judicial review.Practice notesMaintained23Appearing before the First-tier Tribunal (Information Rights) ...A note setting out some practical steps parties should take when preparing for an appeal before the First-tier Tribunal (Information Rights) against a decision notice issued under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) or the Environmental Information Regulations 2004 (EIR) by the Information Commissioner.Practice notesMaintained24Applying to the court on requisitions arising out of land ...A practice note on section 49 of the Law of Property Act 1925, in particular, the use of section 49(2) in connection with the recovery of the deposit paid by the buyer to the seller and dealing with disputes about the amount of completion monies due. Practice notesMaintained25Bye-lawsThis note provides an overview of the law relating to bye-laws and covers: Different types of bye-laws. Drafting bye-laws. Enforcement. Validity and variation.Practice notesMaintained26Charging ordersThis practice note provides a guide to charging orders and their effectiveness as an enforcement method and a summary of the practical and procedural steps. The note also covers the procedure for obtaining an order for sale which is the next step to achieve realisation of funds.Practice notesMaintained27Charging orders over land: protection, priority and the effect of ...A practice note discussing charging orders over land, how to protect them, priority issues and the effect of insolvency and other security on their enforceability.Practice notesMaintained28Claims in negligence: an overviewAn outline of the requirements for claims in negligence considering the tort of negligence and actions for breach of a duty of care in contract. This note addresses issues such as causation, foreseeability, pure economic loss, contributory negligence and mitigation.Practice notesMaintained29Commercial rent arrears recoveryThis practice note explains the effects of Part 3 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (TCEA 2007) on the law relating to recovery of commercial rent arrears. Part 3 of the TCEA 2007 replaces the remedy of distress with a new procedure for recovery of commercial rent arrears. The TCEA 2007 received Royal Assent on 19 July 2007. Part 3 is not yet in force. Section 25 of the Crime and Courts Act 2013 (CCA 2013) amends Schedule 12 to the TCEA 2007 with a view to Part 3 of the TCEA 2007 being brought into force but section 25 of the CCA 2013 is also not yet in force. For more information on commencement of the TCEA 2007, see Legislation tracker note: Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 and Legal update, Crime and Courts Bill 2012-13 receives Royal Assent. Although Schedule 12 sets out the framework for the procedure, much of the detail on how the procedure operates will be contained in regulations that are yet to be made. The Ministry of Justice intends to have draft regulations prepared by summer 2013.Practice notesMaintained30Commercial sale contracts: notices to completeA practice note on the issues to consider when serving a notice to complete under a sale contract that incorporates the Standard Commercial Property Conditions (Second Edition).Practice notesMaintained31Common law nuisanceA note setting out the principles of common law nuisance.Practice notesMaintained32Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008A commentary on the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/1277) which implemented the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (2005/29/EC) in the UK by introducing a general prohibition on traders treating consumers unfairly and requiring businesses not to mislead consumers through acts or omissions or subject them to aggressive commercial practices.Practice notesMaintained33Contributory negligence and contributionA note on the law of contributory negligence and contribution. It sets out the general principles, the types of claim in which contributory negligence can be pleaded, and the requirements for a claim for contribution under the Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978.Practice notesMaintained34CPR 55 procedure for possession of residential propertyA note discussing the court procedure under CPR 55 for obtaining possession of property occupied for residential purposes. The note looks at: Common types of claim where this procedure should be followed. Protection from eviction. The standard procedure under CPR 55. The accelerated procedure under CPR 55. Enforcing a possession order.Practice notesMaintained35Damages in judicial reviewThis practice note explains when an individual may claim damages in a judicial review challenging the lawfulness of a public body's action. It discusses the procedural issues that may arise in such a claim and the approach that the Administrative Court may take. Although there is currently no right in law to compensate indviduals who have sustained a loss because of the unlawful administrative actions of a public body, the note discusses the consultation proposals for reform that were put forward (but not pursued) by the Law Commission. Practice notesMaintained36Dealing with a former tenant that has remained in occupation ...A practice note on the legal and practical implications when a former tenant does not vacate business premises and remains in occupation at the end of the contractual term of a tenancy that was excluded from the security of tenure provisions of Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954.Practice notesMaintained37Excluding or limiting liability for negligenceThis note considers the ways in which a party may seek to exclude or limit its liability for negligence and negligent misstatement. It discusses the common law position, contractual exclusion clauses, the issue of estoppel and the impact of statutory restrictions such as the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 (UCTA).Practice notesMaintained38Execution against goods and writs of fieri faciasThis practice note provides a guide to writs of fieri facias and their effectiveness as an enforcement method and a summary of the practical and procedural steps involved. In the county courts, the equivalent to a writ of fi fa is called a warrant of execution. This note deals only with the procedure for writs of fi fa. There is some information on the procedure for warrants of execution on the HCMTS website. We anticipate that the law will change following the coming into force of the relevant parts of the Tribunal, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007. When those sections are in force, the detail of the note will be amended accordingly.Practice notesMaintained39Forfeiting unoccupied residential premises and peaceable re ...A note on the landlord's right to forfeit a long residential lease and the procedure to be followed.Practice notesMaintained40Guarantees by individuals vitiated by undue influenceThis note explains when undue influence may arise and what steps a bank should take, and when, to avoid a guarantee being set aside because of undue influence.Practice notesMaintained41High hedges complaintsA note on high hedges complaints under the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003, how to issue and enforce a hedge remedial notice and appealing to the Planning Inspectorate against a council's response.Practice notesMaintained42How are health and safety offences prosecuted?A practice note on the prosecution of health and safety offences in Great Britain, focusing on practice in England and Wales. The note explains the types of health and safety offences, who prosecutes the offences and when a prosecution may be brought.Practice notesMaintained43Landlord's right of distress if the tenant has failed to register ...A note on the landlord's ability to distrain for rent arrears if the tenant has failed to register the lease.Practice notesMaintained44Limitation: practical considerationsThis practice note considers practical implications of limitation periods and offers tips on how to avoid statute-barred claims.Practice notesMaintained45Localism Act 2011: enforcement of concealed breaches of ...A note on the ability of local planning authorities in England to take enforcement action against concealed breaches of planning control following expiry of the statutory time limits.Practice notesMaintained46LTA 1954: compensationA practice note on the tenant's right to compensation when the landlord successfully opposes the tenant's right to renew a business lease (section 37, Landlord and Tenant Act 1954).Practice notesMaintained47National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF): interaction ...This practice note explains the high-level environmental policy in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and its supporting guidance. It also explains case law on the interaction between the planning and environmental regimes, and summarises the Penfold review of non-planning consents.Practice notesMaintained48Obtaining a charging order and an order for sale against a ...A note on whether a charging order and an order for sale can be obtained against a property which the judgment debtor and a third party own as joint tenants.Practice notesMaintained49Overage paymentsA practice note giving a brief outline of various methods that can be used to secure overage payments, which allow a seller is to share in any increase in value in a property that is realised after the property has been sold.Practice notesMaintained50Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 2009: how the law has ...A note that describes in detail how the Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 2009 changed the law when it came into force on 6 April 2010. It explains how the changes affect new and existing wills and trusts in practice, including wills republished by codicil and trusts of pension death benefits.Practice notesMaintained51Perpetuities: rules for property transactionsThis practice note summarises the perpetuity rules applicable to property transactions. It looks at the new rules from 6 April 2010 and provides a reminder of the rules that apply to instruments which took effect before that date. Practice notesMaintained52Practical guidance from the House of Lords for banks and ...The House of Lords, in Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge (No 2), gave practical guidance for dealing with taking a guarantee from a person, where the relationship between the guarantor and the principal debtor is non-commercial. This note sets out that guidance, explaining the roles and relationship of the bank, the solicitor, and the guarantor.Practice notesMaintained53Pre-action protocol for housing disrepair casesThis note provides an overview of the pre-action protocol for housing disrepair cases predominantly dealt with in the county court. It also considers the sanctions available to the court for non-compliance with the relevant pre-action protocol.Practice notesMaintained54Pre-action protocol for possession claims based on rent ...This note provides an overview of the pre-action protocol for possession claims based on rent arrears predominantly dealt with in the county court.Practice notesMaintained55Procedure for possession of commercial propertyA note discussing the court procedure for obtaining possession of property that has a non-residential use. The note looks at: Common types of claim where this procedure should be followed, such as trespass and forfeiture of a lease. The procedure set out in CPR 55. Statements of case and evidence. Enforcing a possession order.Practice notesMaintained56Protection of Freedoms Act 2012: public sector implicationsA note on the Protection of Freedoms Bill which received Royal Assent on 1 May 2012 to become the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012.Practice notesMaintained57Public path diversion ordersA note on public path diversion orders made under section 119 of the Highways Act 1980.Practice notesMaintained58Residential sale contracts: notices to completeAn overview of the issues to consider when serving a notice to complete under a sale contract that incorporates the Standard Conditions of Sale (Fifth Edition). This note also indicates where the differences arise for notices to complete served under contracts that incorporate the fourth edition of the Standard Conditions of Sale.Practice notesMaintained59Restrictive covenantsThis practice note on restrictive covenants covers: The essential characteristics of a restrictive covenant. How to check whether a covenant is valid and enforceable. Various ways of dealing with existing covenants, including indemnity insurance and Lands Tribunal applications. Practice notesMaintained60Saving defective noticesThis practice note explains the principle established in the House of Lords' case of Mannai Investment Co Ltd v Eagle Star Life Assurance Co Ltd [1997] UKHL 19 and its subsequent application to defects in both contractual and statutory notices.Practice notesMaintained61Taking control of goods under Schedule 12 to the Tribunals ...This Practice note summarises the procedure for taking control of goods in Schedule 12 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (TCEA 2007). The provisions in Schedule 12 are not yet in force. Section 25 of the Crime and Courts Act 2013 (CCA 2013) amends Schedule 12 to the TCEA 2007 with a view to Part 3 of the TCEA 2007 being brought into force but section 25 of the CCA 2013 is not yet in force. For more information on commencement of the TCEA 2007, see Legislation tracker note: Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 and Legal update, Crime and Courts Bill 2012-13 receives Royal Assent. The procedure in Schedule 12 may be used by a landlord under a lease of commercial premises to recover rent payable by the tenant. This power is known as commercial rent arrears recovery (see Practice note, Commercial rent arrears recovery). Although Schedule 12 sets out the framework for the procedure, much of the detail on how the procedure operates will be contained in regulations that are yet to be made. The Ministry of Justice intends to have draft regulations prepared by summer 2013. Practice notesMaintained62The Party Wall etc. Act 1996 (PWA 1996)A note on the Party Wall etc. Act 1996 (PWA 1996). The note explains what works the Act covers, it's notice requirements, the dispute process and what happens when the Act is not complied with. It also sets out a number of practical issues that arise and briefly explains the Act's relationship with the Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992.Practice notesMaintained63The registration gap and the case of Brown and RootA Practice note on the legal and drafting implications of the gap in time between the date of a transfer and the date of registration of the transfer at the Land Registry.Practice notesMaintained64The scope of a defendant's liability for negligenceA note considering the issue of causation in negligence claims and how the law limits liability for the consequences of negligent conduct. In particular, it considers the principle of remoteness and the effect of the decisions in SAAMCo and The Achilleas.Practice notesMaintained65The use of closure orders for premises associated with ...A practice note on: The use of closure orders for premises associated with persistent disorder or nuisance. The consequences for property owners and others with an interest in the affected premises.Practice notesMaintained66Third party debt ordersThis note is a guide to third party debt orders and their effectiveness as a method of enforcement of a money judgment, and a summary of the practical and procedural steps.Practice notesMaintained67Tree root damageA practice note on liability for damage caused by tree roots.Practice notesMaintained68Use of bailiffs to recover rent arrearsThis practice note discusses the basic pre-conditions of distress to recover arrears of rent, how a bailiff can gain entry to premises and what goods can be seized.Practice notesMaintained69Vicarious liabilityThis practice note addresses the circumstances in which vicarious liability arises, at common law and under statute. It also looks at the implications of vicarious liability, and the alternative bases for attributing liability where vicarious liability is not applicable.Practice notesMaintained70Why landlords need to know whether tenant breaches are ...This practice note explains: Why landlords need to know whether tenant breaches are capable of remedy. The types of breaches that are remediable.Practice notesMaintained71Will an interim rent application survive the discontinuance of a ...A note on the survival of an interim rent application under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 when the claim for a business lease renewal or termination is discontinued.Practice notesMaintained
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