Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/501
Timestamp: 2019-05-21 23:33:02
Document Index: 284291310

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31 U.S. Code § 501 - Office of Management and Budget | U.S. Code | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
Chapter 5. OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
Section 501. Office of Management and Budget
31 U.S. Code § 501. Office of Management and Budget
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, § 207(1st sentence), 42 Stat. 22; Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1939, eff. July 1, 1939, § 1, 53 Stat. 1423; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, § 102(a), 84 Stat. 2085; restated Mar. 2, 1974, Pub. L. 93–250, § 1, 88 Stat. 11.
Pub. L. 114–264, § 1, Dec. 14, 2016, 130 Stat. 1371, provided that:
“This Act [enacting section 1126 of this title, amending section 503 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 503 and 1126 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Program Management Improvement Accountability Act’.”
Pub. L. 101–576, title I, § 101, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2838, provided that:
Pub. L. 104–53, title II, § 211, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 535, as amended by Pub. L. 104–316, title II, § 203, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3845, provided that:
Pub. L. 115–123, div. B, title XII, § 21206(c), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 108, provided that:
“In order to proactively prepare for oversight of future disaster relief funding, not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 9, 2018], the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall issue standard guidance for Federal agencies to use in designing internal control plans for disaster relief funding. This guidance shall leverage existing internal control review processes and shall include, at a minimum, the following elements:
Guidance for documenting the linkage between the incremental risks related to disaster funding and efforts to address known internal control risks.”
Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XVI, § 1655, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2083, provided that:
Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, § 743, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3216, as amended by Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title VII, § 740, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 939, provided that:
Not later than March 1, 2010, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall develop and disseminate guidance to aid executive agencies in establishing systems for the collection of information required to meet the requirements of this section and to ensure consistency of inventories across agencies.
Not later than July 31, 2010, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall submit a report to Congress on the status of efforts to enable executive agencies to prepare the inventories required under paragraph (3), including the development, as appropriate, of guidance, methodologies, and technical tools.
“(3)Inventory contents.—Not later than December 31, 2010, and annually thereafter, the head of each executive agency required to submit an inventory in accordance with the Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–270; 31 U.S.C. 501 note), other than the Department of Defense, shall submit to the Office of Management and Budget an annual inventory of service contracts awarded or extended through the exercise of an option, and task orders issued under any such contract, on or after April 1, 2010, for or on behalf of such agency. For each service contract, the entry for an inventory under this section shall include, for the preceding fiscal year, the following:
A description of the services purchased by the executive agency and the role the services played in achieving agency objectives, regardless of whether such a purchase was made through a contract or task order.
The organizational component of the executive agency administering the contract, and the organizational component of the agency whose requirements are being met through contractor performance of the service.
The total dollar amount obligated for services under the contract and the funding source for the contract.
The total dollar amount invoiced for services under the contract.
The number and work location of contractor and subcontractor employees, expressed as full-time equivalents for direct labor, compensated under the contract.
Reports required under this section shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
“(c)Publication.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which the inventory under subsection (a)(3) is required to be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget, the head of each executive agency shall—
“(d)Government-wide Inventory Report.—
Not later than 90 days after the deadline for submitting inventories under subsection (a)(3), and annually thereafter, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall submit to Congress and make publicly available on the Office of Management and Budget website a report on the inventories submitted. The report shall identify whether each agency required to submit an inventory under subsection (a)(3) has met such requirement and summarize the information submitted by each executive agency required to have a Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 901 of title 31, United States Code.
“(e)Review and Planning Requirements.—Not later than 180 days after the deadline for submitting inventories under subsection (a)(3) for an executive agency, the head of the executive agency, or an official designated by the agency head shall—
review the contracts and information in the inventory;
identify contracts that have been poorly performed, as determined by a contracting officer, because of excessive costs or inferior quality; and
performance by Federal employees of the executive agency in accordance with agency insourcing guidelines required under section 736 of the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111–8, division D) [amending provisions set out as a note below]; or
an alternative acquisition approach that would better enable the agency to efficiently utilize its assets and achieve its public mission.
“(f)Report on Actions Taken in Response to Annual Inventory.—
Not later than one year after submitting an annual inventory under subsection (a)(3), the head of each executive agency submitting such an inventory shall submit to the Office of Management and Budget a report summarizing the actions taken pursuant to subsection (e), including any actions taken to consider and convert functions from contractor to Federal employee performance. The report shall be included as an attachment to the next annual inventory and made publicly available in accordance with subsection (c).
“(g)Submission of Service Contract Inventory Before Public-private Competition.—
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, beginning in fiscal year 2011, if an executive agency has not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget the inventory required under subsection (a)(3) for the prior fiscal year, the agency may not begin, plan for, or announce a study or public-private competition regarding the conversion to contractor performance of any function performed by Federal employees pursuant to Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 or any other administrative regulation or directive until such time as the inventory is submitted for the prior fiscal year.
“(1)Report on guidance.—
Not later than 120 days after submission of the report by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget required under subsection (a)(2), the Comptroller General of the United States shall report on the guidance issued and actions taken by the Director. The report shall be submitted to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
“(A)Initial inventory.—
Not later than September 30, 2011, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a report to the Committees named in the preceding paragraph on the initial implementation by executive agencies of the inventory requirement in subsection (a)(3) with respect to inventories required to be submitted by December 31, 2010.
“(B)Second inventory.—
Not later than September 30, 2012, the Comptroller General shall submit a report to the same Committees on annual inventories required to be submitted by December 31, 2011.
“(3)Periodic briefings.—
The Comptroller General shall provide periodic briefings, as may be requested by the Committees, on matters related to implementation of this section.
“(i)Executive Defined.—
In this section, the term ‘executive agency’ has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 403) [see 41 U.S.C. 133].”
Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title III, § 326, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2254, provided that:
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title III, § 321, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4411, provided that:
“(a)Development and Implementation.—The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with appropriate representatives of the Chief Acquisition Officers Council under section 16A of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 414b) [now 41 U.S.C. 1311 et seq.] and the Chief Human Capital Officers Council under section 1401 of title 5, United States Code, shall—
review the definitions of the term ‘inherently governmental function’ described in subsection (b) to determine whether such definitions are sufficiently focused to ensure that only officers or employees of the Federal Government or members of the Armed Forces perform inherently governmental functions or other critical functions necessary for the mission of a Federal department or agency;
address any deficiencies in the existing definitions, as determined pursuant to paragraph (1);
reasonably apply to all Federal departments and agencies; and
ensure that the head of each such department or agency is able to identify each position within that department or agency that exercises an inherently governmental function and should only be performed by officers or employees of the Federal Government or members of the Armed Forces;
identify critical functions with respect to the unique missions and structure of that department or agency; and
identify each position within that department or agency that, while the position may not exercise an inherently governmental function, nevertheless should only be performed by officers or employees of the Federal Government or members of the Armed Forces to ensure the department or agency maintains control of its mission and operations;
develops and maintains sufficient organic expertise and technical capability;
develops guidance to implement the definition of inherently governmental as described in paragraph (2) and the criteria for critical functions as described in paragraph (3) in a manner that is consistent with agency missions and operational goals; and
functions, activities, or positions, or some combination thereof, or
additional mechanisms and factors, including the management or oversight of awarded contracts, statutory mandates, and international obligations; and
solicit the views of the public regarding the matters identified in this section.
“(b)Definitions of Inherently Governmental Function.—The definitions of inherently governmental function described in this subsection are the definitions of such term that are contained in—
the Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–270; 31 U.S.C. 501 note);
section 2383 of title 10, United States Code;
Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76;
the Federal Acquisition Regulation; and
any other relevant Federal law or regulation, as determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget in consultation with the Chief Acquisition Officers Council and the Chief Human Capital Officers Council.
“(c)Report to .—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008], the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with the Chief Acquisition Officers Council and the Chief Human Capital Officers Council, shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs in the Senate, and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives a report on the actions taken by the Director under this section. Such report shall contain each of the following:
A description of the actions taken by the Director under this section to develop a single definition of inherently governmental function and criteria for critical functions.
Such legislative recommendations as the Director determines are necessary to further the purposes of this section.
to ensure that the single definition and criteria developed under this section are consistently applied through all Federal regulations, circulars, policy letters, agency guidance, and other documents;
to repeal any existing Federal regulations, circular, policy letters, agency guidance and other documents determined to be superseded by the definition and criteria developed under this section; and
to develop any necessary implementing guidance under this section for agency staffing and contracting decisions, along with appropriate milestones.
Not later than 180 days after submission of the report required by subsection (c), the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall issue regulations to implement actions taken under this section to develop a single definition of inherently governmental function and criteria for critical functions.”
Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, § 739, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2029, as amended by Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §§ 735, 736, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 689, provided that:
10 percent of the most efficient organization’s personnel-related costs for performance of that activity or function by Federal employees; or
not making an employer-sponsored health insurance plan available to the workers who are to be employed in the performance of that activity or function under the contract;
offering to such workers an employer-sponsored health benefits plan that requires the employer to contribute less towards the premium or subscription share than the amount that is paid by the Federal Government for health benefits for civilian employees under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code; or
offering to such workers a retirement benefit that in any year costs less than the annual retirement cost factor applicable to Federal employees under chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code.
section 44920 of title 49, United States Code;
is included on the procurement list established pursuant to section 2 of the Javits-Wagner-O’Day Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 47) [now 41 U.S.C. 8503]; or
is planned to be converted to performance by a qualified nonprofit agency for the blind or by a qualified nonprofit agency for other severely handicapped individuals in accordance with that Act [now 41 U.S.C. 8501 et seq.];
depot contracts or contracts for depot maintenance as provided in sections 2469 and 2474 of title 10, United States Code; or
activities that are the subject of an ongoing competition that was publicly announced prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 26, 2007].
“(1)Guidelines required.—
The heads of executive agencies subject to the Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–270; 31 U.S.C. 501 note) shall devise and implement guidelines and procedures to ensure that consideration is given to using, on a regular basis, Federal employees to perform new functions and functions that are performed by contractors and could be performed by Federal employees.
The guidelines and procedures required under subparagraph (A) may not include any specific limitation or restriction on the number of functions or activities that may be converted to performance by Federal employees.
“(2)Special consideration for certain functions.—The guidelines and procedures required under paragraph (1) shall provide for special consideration to be given to using Federal employees to perform any function that—
has been performed by Federal employees at any time during the previous 10 years;
is a new requirement, with particular emphasis given to a new requirement that is similar to a function previously performed by Federal employees or is a function closely associated with the performance of an inherently governmental function.
“(3)Exclusion of certain functions from competitions.—The head of an executive agency may not conduct a public-private competition under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 or any other provision of law or regulation before—
in the case of a new agency function, assigning the performance of the function to Federal employees;
in the case of any agency function described in paragraph (2), converting the function to performance by Federal employees; or
in the case of an agency function performed by Federal employees, expanding the scope of the function.
“(4)Deadline.—
The head of each executive agency shall implement the guidelines and procedures required under this subsection by not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection [Mar. 11, 2009].
Not later than 210 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Government Accountability Office shall submit a report on the implementation of this subsection to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate.
The term ‘inherently governmental functions’ has the meaning given such term in subpart 7.5 of part 7 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
The term ‘functions closely associated with inherently governmental functions’ means the functions described in section 7.503(d) of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
“(6)Applicability.—
This subsection shall not apply to the Department of Defense.
“(c)Bid Protests by Federal Employees in Actions Under Circular A–76.—
(i) [Enacted section 3557 of this title.]
“(3)Applicability.—Subparagraph (B) of section 3551(2) of title 31, United States Code (as added by paragraph (1)), and paragraph (5) of section 1491(b) of title 28, United States Code (as added by paragraph (2)), shall apply to—
protests and civil actions that challenge final selections of sources of performance of an activity or function of a Federal agency that are made pursuant to studies initiated under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 on or after January 1, 2004; and
any other protests and civil actions that relate to public-private competitions initiated under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76, or a decision to convert a function performed by Federal employees to private sector performance without a competition under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 26, 2007].
(1) None of the funds available in this Act [titles I to III and V to VII of div. D of Pub. L. 110–161, see Tables for classification] may be used—
by the Office of Management and Budget to direct or require another agency to take an action specified in paragraph (2); or
by an agency to take an action specified in paragraph (2) as a result of direction or requirement from the Office of Management and Budget.
An action specified in this paragraph is the preparation for, undertaking, continuation of, or completion of a public-private competition or direct conversion under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 or any other administrative regulation, directive, or policy.
“(e)Applicability.—
This section shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2008 and each succeeding fiscal year.”
Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, § 647(b), (d), (f), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 361, 362, provided that:
the total number of competitions completed;
the total number of competitions announced, together with a list of the activities covered by such competitions;
the total number (expressed as a full-time employee equivalent number) of the Federal employees studied under completed competitions;
the total number (expressed as a full-time employee equivalent number) of the Federal employees that are being studied under competitions announced but not completed;
the incremental cost directly attributable to conducting the competitions identified under paragraphs (1) and (2), including costs attributable to paying outside consultants and contractors;
an estimate of the total anticipated savings, or a quantifiable description of improvements in service or performance, derived from completed competitions;
actual savings, or a quantifiable description of improvements in service or performance, derived from the implementation of competitions completed after May 29, 2003;
the total projected number (expressed as a full-time employee equivalent number) of the Federal employees that are to be covered by competitions scheduled to be announced in the fiscal year covered by the next report required under this section; and
a general description of how the competitive sourcing decisionmaking processes of the executive agency are aligned with the strategic workforce plan of that executive agency.
Hereafter, the head of an executive agency may expend funds appropriated or otherwise made available for any purpose to the executive agency under this or any other Act to monitor (in the administration of responsibilities under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 or any related policy, directive, or regulation) the performance of an activity or function of the executive agency that has previously been subjected to a public-private competition under such circular.
In this section, the term ‘executive agency’ has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 403) [see 41 U.S.C. 133].”
Pub. L. 108–108, title III, § 340(a), (b), (f), Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1315, 1317, as amended by Pub. L. 108–447, div. E, title III, § 332(c), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3100, provided that:
“(a)Justification of Competitive Sourcing Activities.—
In each budget submitted by the President to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for a fiscal year, beginning with fiscal year 2005, amounts requested to perform competitive sourcing studies for programs, projects, and activities listed in paragraph (2) shall be set forth separately from other amounts requested.
of the Department of the Interior for which funds are appropriated by this Act [see Tables for classification];
of the Department of Energy for which funds are appropriated by this Act.
[(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 108–447, div. E, title III, § 332(c), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3100.]
“(f)Competitive Sourcing Study Defined.—
In this subsection [probably means “this section”], the term ‘competitive sourcing study’ means a study on subjecting work performed by Federal Government employees or private contractors to public-private competition or on converting the Federal Government employees or the work performed by such employees to private contractor performance under the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 or any other administrative regulation, directive, or policy.”
Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title VIII, § 832], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–221, provided that the Comptroller General was to convene a panel of experts to study the policies and procedures governing the transfer of commercial activities for the Federal Government from Government personnel to Federal contractors and to appoint highly qualified and knowledgeable persons, from appropriate governmental agencies and private industry, to serve on the panel, whose chairman would be the Comptroller General or a designated individual within the GAO, and provided that interested parties would be allowed to participate, that the panel would have access to necessary information from Federal agencies, and that the Comptroller General was to submit a report of the panel on the results of the study to Congress no later than May 1, 2002.
Pub. L. 106–53, title II, § 227, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 298, provided that:
The Secretary [of the Army] shall comply with the requirements of the Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act of 1998 (31 U.S.C. 501 note; Public Law 105–270).
“(1)Inventory and review.—
In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall inventory and review all activities that are not inherently governmental in nature in accordance with the Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act of 1998.
“(2)Architectural and engineering services.—
Any review and conversion by the Secretary to performance by private enterprise of an architectural or engineering service (including a surveying or mapping service) shall be carried out in accordance with title IX of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 541 et seq.) [now sections 1101–1104 of title 40].”
Pub. L. 110–28, title VI, § 6201, May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 171, provided that:
Pub. L. 110–28, title VI, § 6602(b), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 178, provided that:
Pub. L. 105–270, Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2382, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, § 840, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2505, provided that:
“(a)Lists Required.—Not later than the end of the third quarter of each fiscal year, the head of each executive agency shall submit to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget a list of activities performed by Federal Government sources for the executive agency that, in the judgment of the head of the executive agency, are not inherently governmental functions. The entry for an activity on the list shall include the following:
The fiscal year for which the activity first appeared on a list prepared under this section.
The number of full-time employees (or its equivalent) that are necessary for the performance of the activity by a Federal Government source.
The name of a Federal Government employee responsible for the activity from whom additional information about the activity may be obtained.
“(b)OMB Review and Consultation.—
The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall review the executive agency’s list for a fiscal year and consult with the head of the executive agency regarding the content of the final list for that fiscal year.
“(1)Publication.—Upon the completion of the review and consultation regarding a list of an executive agency—
the head of the executive agency shall promptly transmit a copy of the list to Congress and make the list available to the public; and
the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall promptly publish in the Federal Register a notice that the list is available to the public.
“(2)Changes.—If the list changes after the publication of the notice as a result of the resolution of a challenge under section 3, the head of the executive agency shall promptly—
make each such change available to the public and transmit a copy of the change to Congress; and
publish in the Federal Register a notice that the change is available to the public.
Within a reasonable time after the date on which a notice of the public availability of a list is published under subsection (c), the head of the executive agency concerned shall review the activities on the list. Each time that the head of the executive agency considers contracting with a private sector source for the performance of such an activity, the head of the executive agency shall use a competitive process to select the source (except as may otherwise be provided in a law other than this Act, an Executive order, regulations, or any executive branch circular setting forth requirements or guidance that is issued by competent executive authority). The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall issue guidance for the administration of this subsection.
“(e)Realistic and Fair Cost Comparisons.—
For the purpose of determining whether to contract with a source in the private sector for the performance of an executive agency activity on the list on the basis of a comparison of the costs of procuring services from such a source with the costs of performing that activity by the executive agency, the head of the executive agency shall ensure that all costs (including the costs of quality assurance, technical monitoring of the performance of such function, liability insurance, employee retirement and disability benefits, and all other overhead costs) are considered and that the costs considered are realistic and fair.
“(a)Challenge Authorized.—
An interested party may submit to an executive agency a challenge of an omission of a particular activity from, or an inclusion of a particular activity on, a list for which a notice of public availability has been published under section 2.
“(b)Interested Party Defined.—For the purposes of this section, the term ‘interested party’, with respect to an activity referred to in subsection (a), means the following:
is an actual or prospective offeror for any contract, or other form of agreement, to perform the activity; and
A representative of any business or professional association that includes within its membership private sector sources referred to in paragraph (1).
The head of any labor organization referred to in section 7103(a)(4) of title 5, United States Code, that includes within its membership officers or employees of an organization referred to in paragraph (3).
“(c)Time for Submission.—
A challenge to a list shall be submitted to the executive agency concerned within 30 days after the publication of the notice of the public availability of the list under section 2.
“(d)Initial Decision.—Within 28 days after an executive agency receives a challenge, an official designated by the head of the executive agency shall—
decide the challenge; and
transmit to the party submitting the challenge a written notification of the decision together with a discussion of the rationale for the decision and an explanation of the party’s right to appeal under subsection (e).
“(1)Authorization of appeal.—
An interested party may appeal an adverse decision of the official to the head of the executive agency within 10 days after receiving a notification of the decision under subsection (d).
“(2)Decision on appeal.—
Within 10 days after the head of an executive agency receives an appeal of a decision under paragraph (1), the head of the executive agency shall decide the appeal and transmit to the party submitting the appeal a written notification of the decision together with a discussion of the rationale for the decision.
“(a)Executive Agencies Covered.—Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act applies to the following executive agencies:
“(1)Executive department.—
An executive department named in section 101 of title 5, United States Code.
“(2)Military department.—
A military department named in section 102 of title 5, United States Code.
“(3)Independent establishment.—
An independent establishment, as defined in section 104 of title 5, United States Code.
“(b)Exceptions.—This Act does not apply to or with respect to the following:
“(1).—
“(2)Government corporation.—
A Government corporation or a Government controlled corporation, as those terms are defined in section 103 of title 5, United States Code.
“(3)Nonappropriated funds instrumentality.—
A part of a department or agency if all of the employees of that part of the department or agency are employees referred to in section 2105(c) of title 5, United States Code.
“(4)Certain depot-level maintenance and repair.—
Depot-level maintenance and repair of the Department of Defense (as defined in section 2460 of title 10, United States Code).
Executive agencies with fewer than 100 full-time employees as of the first day of the fiscal year. However, such an agency shall be subject to section 2 to the extent it plans to conduct a public-private competition for the performance of an activity that is not inherently governmental.
“(1)Federal government source.—
The term ‘Federal Government source’, with respect to performance of an activity, means any organization within an executive agency that uses Federal Government employees to perform the activity.
“(B)Functions included.—The term includes activities that require either the exercise of discretion in applying Federal Government authority or the making of value judgments in making decisions for the Federal Government, including judgments relating to monetary transactions and entitlements. An inherently governmental function involves, among other things, the interpretation and execution of the laws of the United States so as—
to bind the United States to take or not to take some action by contract, policy, regulation, authorization, order, or otherwise;
to determine, protect, and advance United States economic, political, territorial, property, or other interests by military or diplomatic action, civil or criminal judicial proceedings, contract management, or otherwise;
to significantly affect the life, liberty, or property of private persons;
to exert ultimate control over the acquisition, use, or disposition of the property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, of the United States, including the collection, control, or disbursement of appropriated and other Federal funds.
“(C)Functions excluded.—The term does not normally include—
any function that is primarily ministerial and internal in nature (such as building security, mail operations, operation of cafeterias, housekeeping, facilities operations and maintenance, warehouse operations, motor vehicle fleet management operations, or other routine electrical or mechanical services).
Pub. L. 104–316, title II, § 201, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3842, provided that:
Pub. L. 108–199, div. B, title II, § 206, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 73, provided that:
Pub. L. 108–7, div. B, title II, § 207, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 77.
Pub. L. 107–77, title II, § 207, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 778.
Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title II, § 208], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–79.
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(1) [title II, § 209], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–33.
Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(b) [title II, § 209], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–50, 2681–87.
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(d) [title I, § 113], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–181, 3009–200, as amended by Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, § 149, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 245, provided that:
Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title I, § 108, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3292, provided that:
Pub. L. 108–199, div. G, title I, § 108, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 369.
Pub. L. 108–7, div. K, title I, § 108, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 481.
Pub. L. 107–73, title I, § 108, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 658.
Pub. L. 115–31, div. F, title V, § 504, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 425, provided that:
“The Department of Homeland Security Working Capital Fund, established pursuant to section 403 of Public Law 103–356 (31 U.S.C. 501 note), shall continue operations as a permanent working capital fund for fiscal year 2017: Provided, That none of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of Homeland Security may be used to make payments to the Working Capital Fund, except for the activities and amounts allowed in the President’s fiscal year 2017 budget: Provided further, That funds provided to the Working Capital Fund shall be available for obligation until expended to carry out the purposes of the Working Capital Fund: Provided further, That all departmental components shall be charged only for direct usage of each Working Capital Fund service: Provided further, That funds provided to the Working Capital Fund shall be used only for purposes consistent with the contributing component: Provided further, That the Working Capital Fund shall be paid in advance or reimbursed at rates which will return the full cost of each service: Provided further, That the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives shall be notified of any activity added to or removed from the fund: Provided further, That for any activity added to the fund, the notification shall identify sources of funds by program, project, and activity: Provided further, That the Chief Financial Officer of the Department of Homeland Security shall submit a quarterly execution report with activity-level detail, not later than 30 days after the end of each quarter.”
Pub. L. 114–113, div. F, title V, § 504, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2512.
Pub. L. 114–4, title V, § 504, Mar. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 62.
Pub. L. 113–76, div. F, title V, § 504, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 270.
Pub. L. 113–6, div. D, title V, § 504, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 367.
Pub. L. 112–74, div. D, title V, § 504, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 969.
Pub. L. 111–83, title V, § 504, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2169.
Pub. L. 110–329, div. D, title V, § 504, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3680.
Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, § 524, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2074.
Pub. L. 109–295, title V, § 526, Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1382.
Pub. L. 116–6, div. A, title V, § 504, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 38, provided that:
“Section 504 of the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2017 (division F of Public Law 115–31)[set out above], related to the operations of a working capital fund, shall apply with respect to funds made available in this Act [div. A of Pub. L. 116–6; see Tables for classification] in the same manner as such section applied to funds made available in that Act.”
Pub. L. 115–141, div. F, title V, § 504, Mar. 23, 2018.
Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title VI, § 6025, May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 287, provided that:
“The Department of Homeland Security shall henceforth provide an appropriations justification for the ‘Department of Homeland Security Working Capital Fund’ to the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives: Provided, That an annual appropriations justification shall be submitted to the Congress as a part of the President’s budget as submitted under section 1105(a) of Title 31, United States Code, and shall contain the same level of detail as the Department’s Congressional appropriations justification in support of the President’s budget: Provided further, That the ‘Department of Homeland Security Working Capital Fund’ Congressional appropriations justification for fiscal year 2006 shall be submitted within 15 days of enactment of this Act [May 11, 2005]: Provided further, That the Chief Financial Officer shall ensure that all planned activities and amounts to be funded by the ‘Department of Homeland Security Working Capital Fund’, all reimbursable agreements, and all uses of the Economy Act [31 U.S.C. 1535] are explicitly identified in each Congressional appropriations justification in support of the President’s budget provided for each agency and component of the Department.”
Pub. L. 108–90, title V, § 506, Oct. 1, 2003, 117 Stat. 1153, provided in part:
“That such fund [Federal Emergency Management Agency Working Capital Fund] shall hereafter be known as the ‘Department of Homeland Security Working Capital Fund’.”
Pub. L. 104–204, title III, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2915, as amended by Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, § 612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410, provided in part:
“For the establishment of a working capital fund for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, to be available without fiscal year limitation, for expenses and equipment necessary for maintenance and operations of such administrative services as the Administrator determines may be performed more advantageously as central services: Provided, That any inventories, equipment, and other assets pertaining to the services to be provided by such fund, either on hand or on order, less the related liabilities or unpaid obligations, and any appropriations made hereafter for the purpose of providing capital, shall be used to capitalize such fund: Provided further, That such fund shall be reimbursed or credited with advance payments from applicable appropriations and funds of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, other Federal agencies, and other sources authorized by law for which such centralized services are performed, including supplies, materials, and services, at rates that will return in full all expenses of operation, including accrued leave, depreciation of fund plant and equipment, amortization of automated data processing (ADP) software and systems (either acquired or donated), and an amount necessary to maintain a reasonable operating reserve as determined by the Administrator: Provided further, That income of such fund may be retained, to remain available until expended, for purposes of the fund: Provided further, That fees for services shall be established by the Administrator at a level to cover the total estimated costs of providing such services, such fees to be deposited in the fund shall remain available until expended for purposes of the fund: Provided further, That such fund shall terminate in a manner consistent with section 403(f) of Public Law 103–356 [set out below].”
Pub. L. 103–356, title IV, § 403, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3413, as amended by Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title VI, § 627], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–360; Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, § 634, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 553; Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, § 633, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 471; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XIV, § 1426, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1670; Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, § 632, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 357; Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title VI, § 632, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3280; Pub. L. 109–90, title V, § 539, Oct. 18, 2005, 119 Stat. 2088; Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, § 831, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2503; Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, § 730, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2026, provided that:
There is authorized to be established on a pilot program basis in each of six executive agencies a franchise fund. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, after consultation with the chairman and ranking members of the Committees on Appropriations and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committees on Appropriations and Government Operations [now Committee on Oversight and Government Reform] of the House of Representatives, shall designate the agencies.
Each such fund may provide, consistent with guidelines established by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, such common administrative support services to the agency and to other agencies as the head of such agency, with the concurrence of the Director, determines can be provided more efficiently through such a fund than by other means. To provide such services, each such fund is authorized to acquire the capital equipment, automated data processing systems, and financial management and management information systems needed. Services shall be provided by such funds on a competitive basis.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the franchise fund of each agency designated under subsection (a) such funds as are necessary to carry out the purposes of the fund, to remain available until expended. To the extent that unexpended balances remain available in other accounts for the purposes to be carried out by the fund, the head of the agency may transfer such balances to the fund.
Fees for services shall be established by the head of the agency at a level to cover the total estimated costs of providing such services. Such fees shall be deposited in the agency’s fund to remain available until expended, and may be used to carry out the purposes of the fund.
Existing inventories, including inventories on order, equipment, and other assets or liabilities pertaining to the purposes of the fund may be transferred to the fund.
“(d)Report on Pilot Programs.—Within 6 months after the end of fiscal year 1997, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall forward a report on the results of the pilot programs to the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, and to the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate and the Committee on Government Operations [now Committee on Oversight and Government Reform] of the House of Representatives. The report shall contain the financial and program performance results of the pilot programs, including recommendations for—
the structure of the fund;
the composition of the funding mechanism;
the capacity of the fund to promote competition; and
the desirability of extending the application and implementation of franchise funds to other Federal agencies.
“(e)Procurement.—
Nothing in this section shall be construed as relieving any agency of any duty under applicable procurement laws.
“(f)Termination of Certain Authority.—
The authority of the Secretary of Homeland Security to carry out a pilot program under this section shall terminate on October 1, 2008.”
[Pub. L. 109–289, div. B, title II, § 21068, as added by Pub. L. 110–5, § 2, Feb. 15, 2007, 121 Stat. 57, provided that:
“Section 403(f) of Public Law 103–356 (31 U.S.C. 501 note) shall be applied by substituting the date specified in section 106 of this division [Sept. 30, 2007] for ‘October 1, 2006’.”
[Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, § 831, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2503, provided in part:
“That this provision [amending section 403(f) of Pub. L. 103–356, set out above, by substituting “October 1, 2006” for “October 1, 2005”] shall not apply to the Department of Homeland Security.”
[Pub. L. 109–90, title V, § 539, Oct. 18, 2005, 119 Stat. 2088, amended section 403(f) of Pub. L. 103–356, set out above, by substituting “October 1, 2006” for “October 1, 2005”, for activities related to the Department of Homeland Security Working Capital Fund.]
[Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, § 632, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 357, which directed the amendment of subsec. (f) of section 403 of Pub. L. 103–356, set out above, by substituting “October 1, 2004” for “October 1, 2003”, was executed by making the substitution for “December 31, 2004” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]
Pub. L. 103–356, title IV, § 404, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3414, as amended by Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title VI, § 646], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–366; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(5) [title II, § 241], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–303, provided that:
“(a)In General.—To improve the efficiency of executive branch performance in implementing statutory requirements for financial management reporting to the Congress and its committees, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget may adjust the frequency and due dates of or consolidate any statutorily required reports of agencies to the Office of Management and Budget or the President and of agencies or the Office of Management and Budget to the Congress under any laws for which the Office of Management and Budget has financial management responsibility, including—
chapters 5, 9, 11, 33, 35, 37, 39, 75, and 91 of title 31, United States Code;
the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990 (28 U.S.C. 2461 note; Public Law 101–410; 104 Stat. 890).
The authority provided in subsection (a) shall apply only to reports of agencies to the Office of Management and Budget or the President and of agencies or the Office of Management and Budget to the Congress required by statute to be submitted between January 1, 1995, and April 30, 2000.
“(c)Adjustments in Reporting.—The Director may consolidate or adjust the frequency and due dates of any statutorily required reports under subsections (a) and (b) only after—
consultation with the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] and the Chairman of the House of Representatives Committee on Government Operations [now Committee on Oversight and Government Reform]; and
written notification to the Congress, no later than February 8 of each fiscal year covered under subsection (b) for those reports required to be submitted during that fiscal year.”
Pub. L. 101–576, title I, § 102, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2838, provided that:
Current financial reporting practices of the Federal Government do not accurately disclose the current and probable future cost of operating and investment decisions, including the future need for cash or other resources, do not permit adequate comparison of actual costs among executive agencies, and do not provide the timely information required for efficient management of programs.
“(b)Purposes.—The purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above] are the following:
Provide for the production of complete, reliable, timely, and consistent financial information for use by the executive branch of the Government and the Congress in the financing, management, and evaluation of Federal programs.”
Pub. L. 101–576, title II, § 204, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2842, provided that:
“Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above] shall be construed to interfere with the exercise of the functions, duties, and responsibilities of the Department of the Treasury, as in effect immediately before the enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 1990].”
Eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2085, as amended Pub. L. 97–258, § 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068, 1085
Sec. 102.Office of Management and Budget
[Repealed. Pub. L. 97–258, § 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068, 1085. Section designated the Bureau of the Budget as the Office of Management and Budget, provided for the officers and their duties, and provided for performance of the duties of the Director in the event of absence or disability or a vacancy in the office of Director.]
[Repealed. Pub. L. 97–258, § 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068, 1085. Section provided that the records, property, personnel, and unexpended balances etc., of the Bureau of the Budget shall become those of the Office of Management and Budget.]
Domestic Council, established by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, § 201, eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2086, set out above, abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977, § 3, 42 F.R. 56101, 91 Stat. 1633, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, effective on or before Apr. 1, 1978, at such time as specified by President. Section 5D of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977 transferred all functions vested in Domestic Council to President with power to delegate performance of such transferred functions within Executive Office of President.
Executive Order No. 12301, Mar. 26, 1981, 46 F.R. 19211, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13118, § 10(5), Mar. 31, 1999, 64 F.R. 16598, which established the President’s Council on Integrity and Efficiency in Federal programs, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12625, Jan. 27, 1988, 53 F.R. 2812, formerly set out below.
Ex. Ord. No. 12552, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7041, which provided for establishment of a comprehensive program for improvement of productivity throughout all Executive departments and agencies, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12637, Apr. 27, 1988, 53 F.R. 15349, formerly set out below, and was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13048, § 5, June 10, 1997, 62 F.R. 32469, set out below.
Ex. Ord. No. 12637, Apr. 27, 1988, 53 F.R. 15349, which established a productivity improvement program for the Federal Government, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13048, § 5, June 10, 1997, 62 F.R. 32469, set out below.
Ex. Ord. No. 12805, May 11, 1992, 57 F.R. 20627, which related to integrity and efficiency in Federal programs, was omitted from the Code pursuant to Pub. L. 110–409, § 7(c)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4313, which provided that Ex. Ord. No. 12805, as in effect before Oct. 14, 2008, was to have no force or effect on and after the earlier of either the date on which the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency becomes effective and operational or the last day of the 180-day period beginning on Oct. 14, 2008. See section 7(c)(2) of Pub. L. 110–409, set out as an Effective Date; Existing Executive Orders note under section 11 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Ex. Ord. No. 12816, Oct. 14, 1992, 57 F.R. 47562, which established the President’s Council on Management Improvement and provided for its membership, functions, etc., was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13048, § 5, June 10, 1997, 62 F.R. 32469, set out below.
Ex. Ord. No. 13048, June 10, 1997, 62 F.R. 32467, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13284, § 7, Jan. 23, 2003, 68 F.R. 4075, provided:
Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 1, 1993, 58 F.R. 52393, which directed the head of executive departments and agencies, and requested independent agencies, to establish a chief operating officer and implement additional agency management reforms and established the President’s Management Council to advise and assist the President and Vice President in ensuring that such reforms were implemented, was revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States,July 11, 2001, 66 F.R. 37105, set out below.
• Citizen-centered—not bureaucracy centered;
• Results-oriented—not process-oriented; and
• Market-based—actively promoting, not stifling, innovation and competition.