Source: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/55859023/Out-of-band-Tokens-For-Rights-Access---Patent-7315946
Timestamp: 2015-08-04 00:30:58
Document Index: 650993548

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'art 300', 'art 300', 'art 300', 'art 500']

Out-of-band Tokens For Rights Access - Patent 7315946 by Patents-61
CROSS-REFERENCE TORELATED APPLICATIONSThis application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/421,051, filed Oct. 25, 2002, titled "Out-of-band Tokens for Digital Rights Management," and to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/334,144, filed Dec. 31, 2002, titled"Out-of-Bands Tokens for Rights Access." Each of these applications is incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELDThis document relates to rights access using out-of-band tokens.BACKGROUNDThe emergence of new technologies has created more channels for dissemination of content, whether access to the content being disseminated is authorized or not. Moreover, with digital copying tools and Internet-based distribution programs, apirated copy selection may be digitally copied many times without distortion.SUMMARYIn one general aspect, a content access system includes a storage medium that stores one or more selections of content, an out-of-band token sensor that accesses a passive optical out-of-band token associated with the content, an accesscontroller that determines an access right for the content based on the passive optical out-of-band token, and an authenticating controller to enable access to the content in accordance with the determined access right.Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, the media storage may be an optical disk, a network accessible host, or a jukebox. The jukebox may store multiple selections from different authors. The passiveoptical out-of-band token may reside on the storage medium. The passive optical out-of-band token may be printed or may include a hologram. A consumer appliance used to access the content may be unable to create the passive optical out-of-band token. The passive optical out-of-band token may be included in the packaging used to distribute the content, and may include a case cover, a packaging insert, or a card.The out-of-band token sensor may include an image detector configured to read an i
United States Patent: 7315946
7,315,946
Access to content may be administered by storing content, the content
comprising one or more selections, accessing a passive optical
out-of-band token associated with the content, determining an access
right for the content based on the passive optical out-of-band token, and
enabling access to the content in accordance with the access right.
Blumenfeld; Steven M. (Lafayette, CA), Raduchel; William J. (Great Falls, VA)
10/412,682
713/175  ; 711/E12.093; 726/18; 726/19; 726/20; 726/21; 726/22; 726/26; 726/27; 726/28; 726/29; 726/30; 726/31; 726/32; 726/33
H04L 9/00&amp;nbsp(20060101); G06F 11/00&amp;nbsp(20060101); G06F 12/14&amp;nbsp(20060101); G06F 7/04&amp;nbsp(20060101); G06K 19/00&amp;nbsp(20060101); G08B 23/00&amp;nbsp(20060101)
726/2-21,26-33 713/175
6052788
6513121
6519700
6547146
6577561
Raciborski et al.
6658585
6658586
6674259
6708157
6751738
7249378
Wesigner et al.
2002/0043557
2003/0012382
Ferchichi et al.
2003/0028814
Carta et al.
2004/0230797
2004/0252832
Domjan et al.
2005/0283839
2006/0030985
Lawida et al.
1.  A content access system comprising: an enclosure that includes: a storage medium interface that physically receives a first storage medium that stores content, the content
comprising one or more selections, a content reader structured and arranged to read the first storage medium that stores content, the content comprising one or more selections;  an out-of-band token sensor, directionally oriented towards a user,
structured and arranged to access a passive optical out-of-band token that is part of a packaging used to distribute the content and is associated with the content, the packaging being a spatially separate and distinct physical structure from the first
storage medium;  an access controller structured and arranged to determine an access right for the content based on the passive optical out-of-band token that is printed or includes a holograph;  and an authenticating controller structured and arranged
to enable access to the content in accordance with the determined access right.
2.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the content resides on an optical disk.
3.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the content is stored on a network accessible host.
4.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the content is stored on a jukebox, the jukebox having multiple selections from different authors.
5.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the passive optical out-of-band token resides on the second storage medium.
6.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the passive optical out-of-band token cannot be created from a consumer appliance used to access the content.
7.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the passive optical out-of-band token is included in packaging used to distribute the content.
8.  The content access system of claim 7 wherein the packaging includes a case cover.
9.  The content access system of claim 7 wherein the packaging includes a packaging insert.
10.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the packaging includes a card.
11.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the out-of-band token sensor includes an image detector configured to read an image placed before the image detector.
12.  The content access system of claim 11 wherein the image detector is structured and arranged to determine optical values at selected locations in the passive optical out-of-band token.
13.  The content access system of claim 12 wherein the selected locations are randomly selected locations from within the passive optical out-of-band token.
14.  The content access system of claim 12 wherein the selected locations are identified by a master location in the passive optical out-of-band token.
15.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the first media storage is structured and arranged to spin the passive optical out-of-band token to generate a new out-of-band token so that the out-of-band token sensor may read a pattern that
results from spinning the passive optical out-of-band token.
16.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the passive optical out-of-band token resides on more than one surface.
17.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the authenticating controller is structured and arranged to supply a default rule when the out-of-band token may not be accessed.
18.  The content access system of claim 17 wherein the default rule includes a read-only permission.
19.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the out-of band token sensor is structured and arranged to poll an access right data store with more than one access right.
20.  The content access system of claim 19 wherein the out-of-band token sensor is structured and arranged to access the access right data store through a communications network.
21.  The content access system of claim 1 further comprising a first registering processor structured and arranged to register the out-of-band token.
22.  The content access system of claim 21 further comprising a second registering processor structured and arranged to modify the access right upon registering the passive optical out-of-band token.
23.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the authenticating controller is structured and arranged to specify a number of times the content may be accessed.
24.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the authenticating controller is structured and arranged to specify a number of times the content may be copied.
25.  The content access system of claim 1 wherein the authenticating controller is structured and arranged to specify on which devices the content may be accessed.  Description
This application claims priority to U.S.  Provisional Application No. 60/421,051, filed Oct.  25, 2002, titled &quot;Out-of-band Tokens for Digital Rights Management,&quot; and to U.S.  application Ser.  No. 10/334,144, filed Dec.  31, 2002, titled
&quot;Out-of-Bands Tokens for Rights Access.&quot; Each of these applications is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
This document relates to rights access using out-of-band tokens.
The emergence of new technologies has created more channels for dissemination of content, whether access to the content being disseminated is authorized or not.  Moreover, with digital copying tools and Internet-based distribution programs, a
pirated copy selection may be digitally copied many times without distortion.
In one general aspect, a content access system includes a storage medium that stores one or more selections of content, an out-of-band token sensor that accesses a passive optical out-of-band token associated with the content, an access
controller that determines an access right for the content based on the passive optical out-of-band token, and an authenticating controller to enable access to the content in accordance with the determined access right.
Implementations may include one or more of the following features.  For example, the media storage may be an optical disk, a network accessible host, or a jukebox.  The jukebox may store multiple selections from different authors.  The passive
optical out-of-band token may reside on the storage medium.  The passive optical out-of-band token may be printed or may include a hologram.  A consumer appliance used to access the content may be unable to create the passive optical out-of-band token.
The passive optical out-of-band token may be included in the packaging used to distribute the content, and may include a case cover, a packaging insert, or a card.
The out-of-band token sensor may include an image detector configured to read an image placed before the image detector.  The image detector may determine optical values at selected locations in the passive optical out-of-band token.  The
selected locations may be randomly selected locations from within the passive optical out-of-band token, and may be identified by a master location in the passive optical out-of-band token.  The passive optical out-of-band token may spin to permit the
out-of-band token sensor to read a pattern that results from spinning the passive optical out-of-band token.  The passive optical out-of-band token may reside on more than one surface.  The authenticating controller may supply a default rule as to when
the out-of-band token may be accessed.  The default rule may include a read-only permission.
The out-of-band token sensor may poll an access right data store with more than one access right.  The out-of-band token sensor may access the access right data store through a communications network.  A first registering processor may register
the out-of-band token.  A second registering processor may modify the access right upon registering the out-of-band token.  The authenticating controller may specify a number of times that the content may be accessed, specify a number of times that the
content may be copied, and/or specify the devices on which the content may be accessed.
Implementations also may include a sequence of steps performed on the content access system to achieve these features.  Other features will be apparent from the following description, including the drawings, and the claims.
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary content access system.
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary flow chart of a process performed by a media player configured to access a host.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.  For brevity, several elements in the figures described below are represented as monolithic entities.  However, as would be understood by one skilled in the art, these
elements each may include numerous interconnected computers and components designed to perform a set of specified operations and/or dedicated to a particular geographic region.  Similarly, illustrated processes may each include numerous subprocesses.
For illustrative purposes, FIGS. 1-6 describe a content access system for administering access to content.  Generally, a consumer appliance in the content access system generates or receives requests for access to content that may include one or
more selections.  Before satisfying such a request, the consumer appliance may access an out-of-band token associated with the content, may determine an access right for the content based on such an out-of-band token, and may enable access to the content
in accordance with the determined access rights.
Generally, the token describes rights access information that is used to identify access rights appropriate for the content, which rights may vary based on the user, individually or categorically.  An out-of-band token resides in a different
channel than the content, where the channel for the content and the token may be consistent type (e.g., both optical) or different type (e.g., magnetic and optical).  Thus, the electronic medium and out-of-band token generally are detected using
different sensors.  For example, an out-of-band token for content recorded on a compact disk may include a holographic image displayed on the compact disk surface or cover.
The following simplified example is provided to illustrate use of an optical token on the case of an optical disk.  In this example, a consumer inserts the optical disk into a disk player and swipes the optical disk case underneath an optical
sensor that is configured to discern access rights from context indicia embedded in or otherwise attainable from the optical disk case.  Using the discerned access rights, the disk player determines whether the requested access is available and acts
appropriately to enable or deny access (e.g., play a song from the optical disk if it is determined that the access rights allow such access).
FIG. 1 illustrates one implementation of a content access system 100 configured to administer access to content.  The content access system 100 includes a medium 110 and a consumer appliance 120.  The medium 110 includes content 112 (e.g.,
electronic or optical) and an out-of-band token 114 associated with the content 112.  The consumer appliance 120 includes a media container 122, a content sensor 124, and an out-of-band token sensor 126.  The consumer appliance 120 may use the
out-of-band token sensor 126 to read the out-of-band token 114, and may use the results of the reading to determine access rights to the content 112.
Generally, the medium 110 includes one or more devices configured to store content.  Formats of the medium 110 have been generally described previously.  The medium 110 may be embodied or included in a portable dedicated storage device, such as a
memory/storage key or a floppy, compact, optical (e.g., CD (&quot;compact disc&quot;), DVD (&quot;digital video disk&quot;), HD-DVD (&quot;high definition digital video disk&quot;)), digital, versatile, or MP3 disk.  Alternatively, the medium 110 may be included or integrated in
another system, which may or may not be portable or remote.  For example, the medium 110 may include a hard drive of a consumer appliance 120, which may be used as an access-regulated jukebox to enable multiple selections of content depending on the
configuration of the consumer appliance 120 and the access rights for a user accessing the jukebox.  Alternatively, the medium 110 may reside on a remote system that is accessible to a consumer appliance 120 and that is operated by a third party, such as
Generally, the content resides in the channel for which the medium was designed.  For example, in an optical disk medium, the content (e.g., a song) is stored as optical binary bits.  These optical bits may be read by targeting a location in the
optical disk with an optical transceiver and determining whether each of a series of optical bits is logically set to a `1` or `0`.  Alternatively, if the medium 110 includes a compact flash card or a hard disk drive, the content 112 may reside in the
memory in the compact flash card or on the magnetic platters of the hard disk drive.
The out-of-band token 114 is an authentication system configured to establish access controls or permissions for the content.  The out-of-band token 114 and content 112 reside in different frequencies, channels, mediums or physical structures, or
formats so that the out-of-band token 114 is not read by the sensor used to read the content 112.  For example, when using different frequencies to achieve independence among content 112 and token 114, the content 112 may be read at a first wavelength
and the out-of-band token 114 may be read at a second wavelength.
The out-of-band token 114 may be configured so that a consumer may be unable to create the out-of-band token 114.  For example, a consumer may be able to distribute the content, for example, using file sharing protocols and optical disk writing
technologies.  However, a mint with equipment that is not accessible to consumers may write the out-of-band token 114.  The mint may include an industrial printer or a hologram writer.  The mint also may be configured to associate a particular instance
of the medium 110 or the content 112 with the out-of-band token 114 being fabricated.  For example, the mint may associate a serial number for the medium 110 or the content 112 with the out-of-band token 114.  Thus, an out-of-band token 114 associated
with a first medium 110/piece of content 112 may not used with a second medium 110/piece of content 112.
The out-of-band token 114 need not be distributed with the medium 110.  For example, a content provider may electronically distribute selections of content to one or more storage locations.  At a later time, a consumer may use the out-of-band
token 114 to unlock the content, which has been electronically distributed and is already residing in, for example, an electronic jukebox.
The out-of-band token 114 may describe the instances of content 112 that may be accessed.  For example, the out-of-band token may include a serial number printed on the surface of a disk.  This serial number also may be stored in the content on
The out-of-band token 114 may be a passive device that is not required to be electronically interrogated.  In contrast, an active out-of-band token 114 may include an electronic or magnetic interface that is interrogated electronically.  For
example, the out-of-band token 114 may include a disk cover that is read by an optical &quot;eye&quot; configured to read disk covers.  One example of an active out-of-band token 114 is an electronic key that is inserted into a key reader.  The key reader may
electronically probe key logic and/or memory to make an access control determination.
The consumer appliance 120 includes a medium container 122, a content sensor 124, and an out-of-band token sensor 126.  Generally, as described in greater detail with respect to FIG. 3, a consumer appliance 120 is configured to (1) receive and
secure medium 110 using medium container 122, (2) read the out-of-band token 114 using the out-of-band token sensor 126, (3) determine access rights based on the token 114, and (4) read the desired content from the medium 110 using the content sensor 124
(e.g., an optical or magnetic head) if sufficient rights exist.
The consumer appliance 120 also may include and run one or more software applications.  For example, the consumer appliance 120 may run a software application configured to administer a rights access program.  The rights access program may be
used to determine an access right for the content.  Other software applications on the consumer appliance 120 may include a software application configured to display content information (e.g., a cover, lyrics, artist information, and/or purchasing
information for the content).  Although the consumer appliance 120 in one sense, may relate to other consumer appliances, such as a CD player and/or a DVD player, the consumer appliance 120 also may relate to more flexible electronic equipment such as a
personal computer.  For example, a computer may be configured as a stereo system that runs a general-purpose operating system with one or more media applications performed by a general operating system and a general-purpose processor.  Additionally, the
computer may be configured to respond to controls such as those typically found on a stereo system (e.g., a volume control dial).
The media container 122 is a device configured to receive and support a medium 110.  For example, the media container 122 may include a tray configured to hold an optical disk and retrieve the optical disk into the consumer appliance 120 to play
the content on the optical disk.  Alternatively, the medium container 122 may include a slot, a pressed-on lid used to insert an optical disk, a container configured to play various forms of electronic storage (e.g., compact flash, non-volatile memory),
or some other mechanism capable of receiving and supporting a medium 110.
The content sensor 124 includes a detector configured to read content 112 residing in a medium 110 that has been placed in or that is supported by the media container 122.  The content sensor 122 may include an optical transceiver configured to
read content written to or otherwise stored by an optical medium 110, such as an optical disk.  Another example of the content sensor 124 may include a compact flash reader configured to read electronic and/or magnetic mediums.
The content sensor 124 may be integrated with the media container 122.  For example, the content sensor 124 may be configured to read an optical disk that has been placed in a tray configured to secure the optical disk.  The tray may retrieve the
optical disk, rotate the optical disk, and control the location of the content sensor to read an appropriate portion of the content, such as, for example, a particular track.
The out-of-band token sensor 126 includes a device configured to read an out-of-band token 114 associated with content 112.  The token 114 then may be used to determine an access right for the content 112.  Using an out-of-band token sensor 126,
it is possible to detect or otherwise identify, infer or resolve access rights based on information that does not actually reside within the content 112 in the medium 110 itself.  That is, to determine the access rights appropriate for the content 112 or
the medium 110 itself, out-of-band sensor 126 may be used to access another source of information that resides in the medium 110 or a channel that is distinct from the medium 110 or the channel of information used to store the content 112.  Furthermore,
the out-of-band token sensor 126 may be configured to read a token 114 that is physically located proximate to or even sharing the same physical structure as the content 112.  For example, the out-of-band token sensor 126 may read an out-of-band token
114 residing as an image printed the surface of an optical disk.  Thus, to access the content 112, a first optical detection device may be used to play a CD (e.g., content sensor 124), while a different sensor (e.g., out-of-band token sensor 126) is used
to access the out-of-band information residing on the label of the CD itself.
The out-of-band token sensor 126 may include a device distinct from the content sensor 124, or the out-of-band token sensor 126 may be co-located with the content sensor 124.  For example, the out-of-band token sensor 126 may be configured to
read the label affixed to the surface of a medium 110 that is inserted in the media container 122.  By way of contrast, the out-of-band token sensor 126 in another example may not be co-located with the content sensor 124.  For instance, the out-of-band
token sensor 126 may read a label on the optical disk that is swiped under an external out-of-band token sensor 126 before the optical disk is placed in a tray acting as the media container 122.  In another configuration, the out-of-band token sensor 126
may be configured to read out-of-band tokens 114 that are not co-located with the medium 110.  For example, the medium 110 may be inserted in the media container 122, and the cover of a case for the medium 110 may be swiped or placed before an
out-of-band token sensor 126 that is configured to read one or more portions of the case cover to determine the access rights for the content.
The out-of-band token 114 may be stored on the medium 110 (e.g., the label on the surface of the optical disk) as a hologram that is written onto the optical disk but that resides in a different band than the content itself.  Furthermore, the
hologram itself need not be stored as digital information.  For example, the hologram may comprise an analog image that may be scanned by the out-of-band token sensor 126.
Referring to FIG. 2A, one or more items may be distributed as packaging 200A for medium 110 and used as an out-of-band token 114.  When configured to act as an out-of-band token 114, these items may be read by the out-of-band token sensor 126
described in FIG. 1.  Generally, the systems in the packaging 200A may be distributed with the medium 110.
Specifically, the medium 110 described by FIG. 1 may be distributed with packaging 210A, an insert 220A, and/or a card 230A.  For example, DVD disk packaging 200A may include a paper insert 220A that is descriptive of the DVD tracks, the credits
and the lyrics.  The insert 220A may include a guide to lyrics that is being distributed with a CD.  Additionally, a card 230A with a high quality image may be distributed.  The card 230A may be used to describe the content on the medium itself (e.g.,
track descriptions).  For example, the card may be inserted in a jacket and collected by an owner.
Typically, in addition to the items shown by FIG. 2A, the packaging 210A includes one or more devices or components configured to protect the medium from being damaged.  The packaging also may include one or more theft deterrent devices and/or
logistics management components configured to manage the medium itself.  For example, the packing may include a bar code and/or an RF (&quot;Radio Frequency&quot;) identification sensor that may be used in support of inventory and security functions.  These items
also may be used as out-of-band tokens.
The medium may include an optical disk with one or more pieces of content available for use.  This content may be digitally secured (e.g., encrypted).  Alternatively, the medium may include content that is not secure and instead relies on a
consumer appliance 120 to administer a rights access scheme.
Referring to FIG. 2B, an exemplary card 230B may be configured to act as an out-of-band token.  Generally, the card 230B relates to the card 230A described previously in the context of packaging 200A in FIG. 2A.  However, card 230B may include a
cover image 232B and a description 234B and may have an image used to determine access rights.  Although information in the image may not be discernible to the naked eye of an observer, the out-of-band token sensor 126 may detect information residing in
the image and use that information to determine the user access rights.  For example, user access rights may be specified by a certain color or pattern appearing in a portion of the image used on the album cover 232B.  Card 230B also illustrates how the
access rights may be incorporated into a card 230B that may be useful to the user as a medium identifier.
Referring to FIGS. 2C and 2D, an exemplary medium 200C illustrates how an out-of-band token may be generated from information appearing on the surface of a medium 110.  The out-of-band token sensor 126 may be configured to read token information
that is not generated until the medium 110 itself is processed.  For example, a pattern of information may be written to the label on an optical disk.  As the label is spun, a pattern may be generated on the surface of the optical disk, which may be read
to determine the access rights for the content.  For example, the information may be encoded in areas 210C, 220C, and 230C of the medium 200C.  As medium 200C is spun, an out-of-band token 200D may be generated and read from the surface of the medium
200C, as shown by the exemplary pattern of rings illustrated by FIG. 2D.  When spun, the images 210C, 220C, and 230C generate rings 210D, 220D, and 230D, which may be used to determine the access rights.
Referring to FIG. 2E, an image 200E may be used as an out-of-band token 114 with encoded access rights.  Image 200E includes a first portion configured to encode an identifier (e.g., a serial number 210E), a second different portion configured to
describe a second identifier (e.g., medium information 220E), and a third portion configured to define the access rights 230F.  As such, the serial number, medium information and access rights may be co-located or they may be located in different
Similarly, not all portions of the image must be used.  In fact, only a portion of the image may be used to determine the access rights.  Similarly, different portions of the image may be used for different instances of the medium 110.  For
example, for a first user the access rights may be found in the upper left-hand corner, whereas, for the same content on a second medium, the access rights may reside in the lower right-hand corner.
The location of the access rights in the out-of-band token may or may not be specified in the same portion in advance.  For example, in FIG. 2F, image 200F illustrates how a master location may be located on an image that indicates where the user
access rights are located in that image.  For example, in image 200F, master location 210F indicates that regions 220F, 230F, and 240F should be used to determine the access rights.  The master location may be located in a different portion of the image. For example, in one image, the master location may be located in the lower left-hand corner whereas, for the same content, the master location may be located in the upper right-hand corner.  The access rights may be located in randomly-selected locations
from within the image.
Although several out-of-band tokens are shown, the out-of-band tokens are not limited to the out-of-band tokens shown in FIGS. 2A-2F.  For example, other out-of-band tokens may include, but are not limited to, a promotional item also configured
to act as an out-of-band token.
Referring to FIG. 3, a flow chart 300 illustrates an exemplary process for administering access to content.  Generally, flow chart 300 may be performed on systems that have been described previously (e.g., consumer appliance 120 using medium
As shown, the medium is received and the content is accessed (step 310).  Receiving the medium and accessing the content may include inserting a medium 110 into a consumer appliance 120.  Accessing content also may include downloading content
from a remote system.  For example, a song may be downloaded from the Internet.
The out-of-band token may be accessed (step 320).  Generally, accessing the out-of-band token involves enabling the out-of-band token sensor 126 to read one or more out-of-band tokens 114.  For example, after an optical disk has been inserted
into a consumer appliance 120, the consumer appliance 120 may check the optical disk for an out-of-band token 114 residing on the surface of the optical disk and also may prompt the consumer to swipe and album cover underneath an additional out-of-band
token sensor 126.  Accessing an out-of-band token may involve more than one operation.  For example, a consumer may be initially prompted for a first portion of the out-of-band token 114 and then subsequently prompted for another portion of the
out-of-band token 114.  More specifically, a first portion of the out-of-band token 114 may provide one indicia of access (e.g., the content serial number) and the second portion may be used to provide another indicia of access (e.g., the access rights).
With the content and the out-of-band token accessed, the access rights are determined (step 330).  Generally, determining the access right for the content includes determining how a user may access the content.  For example, permission to read,
copy, and distribute the content may be indicated.  Additionally, the access right may be set based on the device upon which the content is being accessed.  For example, access rights may be limited to a particular consumer appliance, or a particular
class of consumer appliances (e.g., a portable device).
Determining an access right for the content may include determining that no access rights have been identified.  This may, in turn, trigger the application of one or more default rules based on user, device, and/or the content criteria.  For
example, a default set of rules may be established and referenced for a particular user or class of users, a particular type of electronic content, or a particular class of consumer appliance.  One such default rule may determine that the access right
includes read-only or some other predetermined permission level.
Determining the access right also may include retrieving an access right data store of more than one access right.  This access right data store may be accessed through a communications network, such as the configuration where the access right
data store resides on a remote host 150.  Determining the access right also may include determining precisely how the content may be accessed.  For example, determining the access right may include specifying a number of times the content may be
With the access right determined, access to the content is enabled in accordance with the access right (step 340).  For example, a controller on a consumer appliance 120 may be directed to enable only read rights to content and preclude the user
from copying the content.
As an optional step (not shown), the out-of-band token may be registered.  Registering the out-of-band token may enable the access rights to be modified.  For example, until the out of the band token is registered, the access rights may be set to
read-only permissions.  However, upon determining that the user has registered the out-of-band token, the user may be given permission to make a predetermined number of copies of the electronic content.  Although the steps described in flow chart 300
appear in a serial order, they may be performed in parallel and/or in a different order.  For example, although accessing content 112 is shown as being performed after accessing the out-of-band token 114, those access operations may be performed in
reverse order or in parallel.  Thus, a user may read an image with the out-of-band token on an optical disk after the optical disk is inserted.  Similarly, the optical disk may be inserted and then a cover image may be read to access the out-of-band
token, or the cover image may be read concurrently with insertion of the optical disk in the consumer appliance 120.
Referring to FIG. 4, an exemplary communications system includes a media player 120 configured to access a remote data store 140 using a communications line 130.  Generally, the consumer appliance 120 relates to the consumer appliance 120
described previously with respect to FIGS. 1-3.  However, the consumer appliance 120 of FIG. 4 includes a network device configured to use a communications link 130 to determine access rights and/or retrieve content from remote data store 140.
The communications link 130 typically includes a delivery network making a direct or indirect communication between the consumer appliance 120 and the host 140, irrespective of physical separation.  Examples of a communications link 130 include
the Internet, the World Wide Web, WANs (&quot;Wide Area Networks&quot;), LANs (&quot;Local Area Networks), analog or digital wired and wireless telephone networks (e.g., PSTN (&quot;Public Switched Telephone Network&quot;), ISDN (&quot;Integrated Services Digital Network&quot;), and xDSL
(&quot;any type of Digital Subscriber Loop&quot;), radio, television, cable, satellite, and/or any other delivery mechanism for carrying data.  The communications link 130 may include communication pathways that enable communications through the two or more
delivery networks.  Each of the communication pathways may include, for example, a wired, wireless, cable or satellite communication pathway.
The host 140 is generally capable of executing instructions under the command of a host controller (not shown).  The host 140 may include one or more hardware components and/or software components.  An example of a host 140 is a general-purpose
computer (e.g., a personal computer) capable of responding to and executing instructions in a defined manner.  Other examples include a special-purpose computer, a workstation, a server, a device, a component, other physical or virtual equipment or some
combination thereof capable of responding to and executing instructions.
The controller is software application loaded on the host 140 for commanding and directing communications with the consumer appliance 120.  Other examples include a program, a piece of code, an instruction, a device, a computer, a computer
system, or a combination thereof, for independently or collectively instructing the consumer appliance 120 or the host 140 to interact and operate as described.  The consumer appliance 120 and the host 140 may be embodied permanently or temporarily in
any type of machine, component, physical or virtual equipment, storage medium, or propagated signal capable of providing instructions to the consumer appliance 120 or the host 140.
The host may include a permissions data store 142 and/or a content store 144.  The permissions data store 142 includes a program, an application or a device configured to provide security, rights access, and/or authentication services for the
host 140.  For example, the permissions data store 142 may include a listing of serial numbers and associated out-of-band tokens.  Alternatively, the permissions data store 142 may include listings of user identification information and content that the
user is allowed to access.
Typically, the content store 144 enables the consumer appliance 120 to access online content.  Other services provided as part of the content store may include programs that aid in content selections, and e-commerce programs that enable access
rights to be purchased or acquired.  In one example, the content store 144 may enable a consumer to find electronic content produced by the same artist.  In another example, the content store may enable the consumer to purchase the access rights.
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary flow chart 500 of a consumer appliance configured to access a host.  Generally, the consumer appliance 120 and the host 140 relate to the consumer appliance 120 described previously with respect to FIGS. 1-4 and
the host 140 described with respect to FIG. 4.
Initially, the consumer appliance 120 requests content (step 505).  The requested content may reside locally on the consumer appliance 120 (e.g., on an optical disk in an optical disk player), or the requested content may reside on a host.  The
host 140 receives the request (step 510).  The consumer appliance 120 then reads the out-of-band token (step 515).  Reading the out-of-band token may include using a card reader to read a card that has been purchased with access rights.  The consumer
appliance 120 transmits information related to the out-of-band token (step 520).  Transmitting information related to the out-of-band token may include transmitting information that enables an access right to be determined.  For example, the out-of-band
token may include an image written to a card.  The image may be read to determine a serial number.  This serial number may be used as a reference to determine the access rights.
The host 140 receives the information related to the out-of-band token (step 530) and uses that information to determine the access rights (step 535).  Determining the access right may include referencing a user&#39;s permissions residing on a
permission store 142.  For example, a registered user may be given a set of permissions for a set of content.  For example, the user may be allowed to copy a first piece of content.  Alternatively, the access rights may be associated with a particular
consumer appliance.  For example, access to some content may be determined based on the identity of the consumer appliance being used to access the content.
The host 140 determines whether the access rights support the request for content (step 540).  Determining whether the access rights support the request for content includes determining whether the permission related to the out-of-band token
allow for the content to be accessed in the requested manner.  If the access right does support the requested content (step 545), the consumer appliance 120 may receive the content (step 550) and play the content (step 555).
When the access rights do not support the request, the host 140 may be configured to enable the user to acquire the access rights.  For example, the user may be prompted to purchase access rights (step 560).  The user may receive the prompt (step
565).  Receiving the prompt may include generating a display on the consumer appliance 120 enabling the user to acquire the content.  For example, the user may have a payment link established so that the user may conveniently purchase access rights by
reading an out-of-band token that identifies the user.  In another example, the consumer appliance may prompt the user for payment information.
If the user elects to purchase access rights for the requested content, the consumer appliance 120 transmits the request to purchase access rights (step 570).  The host 150 receives the request to purchase access rights (step 575).  The host 150
then executes a transaction so that the access rights may be purchased (e.g., a credit card is charged) (not shown).  With the access rights purchases, the host 140 modifies the access right to reflect the purchase (step 580).  Modifying the access right
to reflect the purchase may include adjusting a user record in a permissions data store 142 so that the user may access the requested content.  Modifying the access right also may adjust an access right that is locally maintained on the consumer
appliance.  For example, an optical disk player may have local permissions.  Modifying the access right may adjust the local permissions to enable access to the content without requiring the consumer appliance to subsequently access the host 140.
Where the content does not reside on the consumer appliance 120, the host 140 may transmit the content to the consumer appliance 120 (step 585).  Transmitting the content to the consumer appliance 120 may include enabling the consumer appliance
to download a particular file with the requested content.  The consumer appliance receives the content (step 590 and plays the content (step 595).
FIG. 6 shows an exemplary list of access rights for an exemplary jukebox system 600.  In jukebox 600, a content piece is selected along with access rights for the content.  Generally, the jukebox 600 relates to the content access system 100
described in FIG. 1.  However, FIG. 6 illustrates how the consumer appliance 120 may function as a jukebox.  Typically, a jukebox 600 includes more than one content piece that may be selected, with multiple content pieces residing in a common location or
consumer appliance.
In the example shown in FIG. 6, the jukebox 600 includes content that may be selectively accessible.  Jukebox 600 includes records 610-640, with each record describing a piece of content and the related access right.  In jukebox 600, record 610
describes a stored CD Y, for which the illustrated user has no access privileges, but for which the user may gain access privileges by purchasing use rights that are made available through use of an out-of-band token that enables access to the content.
For example, a user may purchase a card 230A that unlocks CD Y for the holder of the card 230A.  The jukebox 600 may include an out-of-band token sensor 126 configured to read the card 230A.
In jukebox 600, record 620 indicates that the user is given unlimited read access to CD Z. For example, the illustrated user may have purchased the CD and, by virtue of the purchase, may have unlimited listening rights to the CD.  The access
rights regulating unlimited access to the CD may have been established by the user using out-of-band token 114 to unlock the unlimited access rights to CD Z.
In contrast to the unlimited access rights to CD Z, for Movie A, record 630 indicates that the user has read access rights and may make a limited number of copies of Movie A. Also, record 640 indicates that the user has read-once access rights
for Movie B. This may be because, for example, Movie B is being distributed in a promotion and the user has received read once access rights in the course of participating in the promotion.  For example, a marketing company may distribute promotional
items in a magazine.  The magazine promotion may include the card 230A, which may be read by the out-of-band token sensor 126 residing in jukebox 300.  Upon accessing Movie B once, the user&#39;s access rights to Movie B may be terminated.
The jukebox 600 may use a host-based system to track the number of copies or viewings.  For example, a user may register their instance of the content on a host-based registry.  Upon copying the content, a counter may be decremented to reflect
that the user has consumed one of his rights.  When the counter indicates that no more access rights exist, permission to perform the copying may be denied.
Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.  For example, the consumer appliance may distribute the operations across one or more systems and/or proxies.  In another example, the content may be accessed on a first device,
while the out-of-band token is accessed on another device.  For example, a consumer appliance that reads the optical disk may be used to read the content while an optical sensor attached to a personal computer may access the out-of-band token.  The
content then may interface with the out-of-band token sensor to determine the access rights for the content.
A number of aspects of the consumer appliance have been described.  An out-of-band token that is not illustrated but may be used includes a serial number that is printed on the medium 110.  Nevertheless, it will be understood that various
modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of what is claimed.  Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
"Out-of-band Tokens For Rights Access - Patent 7315946"
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tokens - Galbi Think_.xls
Vouchers_ credit cards and tokens
Softer Smartcards- Usable Cryptographic Tokens with Secure Execution
tokens - The Department of Linguistics at The Ohio State University.xls
RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS WITH TOKENS OF Band