Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/RU2672903C2/en
Timestamp: 2019-10-15 14:11:31
Document Index: 725531447

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.\n2', 'art 6', 'art 6', 'art 9', 'art 22', 'art 22', 'art 10', 'art 40', 'art 41']

RU2672903C2 - Mechanical locking system for floor panels - Google Patents
RU2672903C2
RU2672903C2 RU2014109770A RU2014109770A RU2672903C2 RU 2672903 C2 RU2672903 C2 RU 2672903C2 RU 2014109770 A RU2014109770 A RU 2014109770A RU 2014109770 A RU2014109770 A RU 2014109770A RU 2672903 C2 RU2672903 C2 RU 2672903C2
RU2014109770A
RU2014109770A (en
Сералок Инновейшн Аб
2012-08-28 Application filed by Сералок Инновейшн Аб filed Critical Сералок Инновейшн Аб
2012-08-28 Priority to PCT/SE2012/050911 priority patent/WO2013032391A1/en
2015-10-10 Publication of RU2014109770A publication Critical patent/RU2014109770A/en
2018-11-20 Publication of RU2672903C2 publication Critical patent/RU2672903C2/en
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, specifically to building panels, in particular to floor panels. Building panels are shown, which are provided with a locking system comprising several cavities and local protrusions that provide horizontal locking of a first and a second edge of adjacent panels.
EFFECT: technical result of the invention is easier assembly of the floor.
7 cl, 22 dwg
The description of the invention generally relates to the field of mechanical interlock systems for floor panels and building panels. The description of the invention shows floor boards, interlock systems and manufacturing methods.
Embodiments of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in floating floors that are formed from floor panels that are mechanically coupled by means of an interlock system made integrally with the floor panel, i.e. factory mounted, made of one or more upper layers of wood or wood veneer, decorative laminate, sawdust-based or decorative plastic material surfaces, an intermediate core of wood-based material or plastic material, and preferably a lower balancing layer on the back side of the core . Floor panels are included with a surface layer of cork, linoleum, rubber or soft wear-resistant layers, for example, needle-punched material glued to a board, printed and, preferably, also varnished surface. Embodiments of the invention may also be used to join building panels, which preferably comprise plank material, for example wall panels, ceilings, furniture components and the like.
The following description of known technology, problems of known systems, objectives and features of embodiments of the invention will, by way of non-limiting example, be directed primarily to floor panels and especially thin floor panels, such as prestigious vinyl tiles, commonly referred to as LVT, with long and short edges intended for mechanical connection with each other at both long and short edges.
Long and short edges are mainly used to simplify the description of embodiments of the invention. Panels may be square.
As shown in figa and 1b, LVT flooring usually contains a transparent wear-resistant layer 3, which can be coated with PU varnish 2, preferably, hardening under the influence of UV, decorative plastic foil 4 and one or more core layers 5a, 5b, which are usually differ in density and hardness. The relevant parts of this description of known technology are also part of the invention.
Thin LVT floors with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm were traditionally installed by gluing to the base. Recently, LVT floors have been supplied to the market, which contain a mechanical interlock system that allows floating installation without glue. This facilitates installation and eliminates a lot of work to prepare the base for gluing.
Such LVT floors typically have a thickness of 4 to 5 mm. This thickness is mainly required to form a blocking system. The panel itself is strong and flexible, and a thickness of about 3 mm would be sufficient in many applications, but may not be suitable, as it is difficult to form an interlock system in such thin floors.
Floating LVT floors of this type, however, have several disadvantages. They are heavy. The density, for example, is about 1.6 kg / dm 3 , compared with about 0.8 kg / dm 3 for laminate floors. Sensitivity to temperature is more than three times than for laminate floors. The LVT floor can move about 2 mm / M when the temperature changes 20 degrees Celsius.
Such thickness-related problems are also applicable to other high-quality floor panels, such as sawdust-based floors with high density and quality. The additional cost of creating a blocking system is significant, as the material content of the entire floor panel should increase by 25% or more.
In the following text, the visible surface of the installed floor panel is called the “front side”, while the opposite side of the floor panel facing the base is called the “back side”. The edge between the front and back is called the “connecting edge”. By "horizontal plane" is meant a plane that runs parallel to the outer part of the surface layer. The immediately adjacent upper parts of two adjacent connecting edges of the two connected floor panels together define a “vertical plane” perpendicular to the horizontal plane. By “vertical lock” is meant a lock parallel to a vertical plane. By “horizontal lock” is meant a lock parallel to a horizontal plane.
By "up" is meant towards the front side, by "down" - towards the back side, by "inward" - mainly horizontally towards the inner and central part of the panel and under "out" - mainly horizontally from the central part panels.
By “interlocking systems” is meant interacting connecting elements that connect floor panels vertically and / or horizontally. By “strip plane” is meant a horizontal plane located on the lowermost part of the upper surface of the strip body. By "groove plane" is meant a horizontal plane located on the upper and inner part of the locking groove.
Figures 1a and 1b show an LVT floor panel with a locking system, which is locked by installation at an angle. Horizontal locking is obtained by means of a locking strip 6 having a strip body 7 and a locking element 8 formed on one edge 1 of the panel, which is locked into the locking groove 14 formed in another adjacent edge 1 'of the panel.
The strip body 7 has a strip surface 7a. The strip plane SP is located on the lowermost part of the strip surface 7a. The locking groove 14 has a vertical elongation that is required to accommodate the locking element 8. The plane GP of the groove is located on the top of the locking groove 14. The thickness of the floor panel must adapt to this required vertical distance between the strip plane SP and the groove plane GP. The thickness of the floor panel can be reduced by 25% or more if it would be possible to use a blocking system where the vertical distance between the strip plane SP and the groove plane GP can be reduced or even completely eliminated.
It would be a major advantage if the thin panels could be locked by means of a locking system that does not require deep vertical locking grooves and locking elements that extend vertically from the main body of the strip. It would also be an advantage if the weight could be reduced, and if problems related to temperature changes, especially in installations with underfloor heating, could be eliminated.
General target embodiments of the present invention are to provide an improved and more cost-effective interlocking system, which can be used mainly in thin decks and decks with soft flexible core layers.
The specific task is to reduce the weight of the LVT floors and to adapt the panel in such a way that it is suitable for installation in areas that are subject to significant changes in temperature. Another specific objective is to provide cost-effective manufacturing methods for manufacturing interlock systems in particularly thin floor panels.
The above objectives of the embodiments of the invention are achieved in whole or in part by means of interlocking systems and floor panels in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
A first aspect of the invention is construction panels provided with a locking system for vertically and horizontally locking the first and second edges of adjacent panels. Said locking system comprises a tongue and a tongue groove for vertical locking. A strip at the first edge is provided with a locking member that cooperates for horizontal locking with a downwardly facing open locking groove formed in a second adjacent edge. The strip contains the body of the strip with the cavity, and the second edge contains a local protrusion that extends downward. The protrusion is located in the cavity when the panels are locked vertically and horizontally.
The blocking element may be part of the cavity, and the body of the strip may contain several cavities.
The cavity preferably passes completely through the body of the strip.
The second edge may contain several local protrusions.
The locking element and / or protrusions may be discontinuous along the edge.
The strip body may comprise a horizontal plane of the strip, which is located on the lowermost part of the upper surface of the strip, and a locking groove, which contains a horizontal plane of the groove, which is located on the upper and inner part of the locking groove, thus the plane of the strip and the plane of the groove are vertically closer to each other than the vertical extension of the locking element.
The locking system may comprise a strip plane and a groove plane, which are located essentially on the same horizontal plane.
A second aspect of the invention is a method for manufacturing a panel with an interlocking system. The method comprises the steps of:
a) the formation of part of the cavities by punching; and
b) forming part of the protrusions by means of a screw cutting tool.
The locking system may be formed at long and / or short edges and may be locked by angularly and / or horizontal snap and / or vertical stacking.
A third aspect of the invention is a building panel in accordance with the first aspect, manufactured by the method in accordance with the second aspect.
A fourth aspect of the invention is construction panels provided with a locking system for vertically and horizontally locking the first and second edges of adjacent panels. The specified system is configured to lock the edges by vertically displacing adjacent edges relative to each other. The locking system comprises a separate tongue fixed in the mounting groove. The specified tongue interacts with the tongue groove for vertical locking. A strip at the first edge is provided with a locking member that cooperates for horizontal locking with a downwardly facing open locking groove formed in a second adjacent edge.
The strip contains the body of the strip with the cavity, and the second edge contains a local protrusion that extends downward. The protrusion is located in the cavity when the panels are locked vertically and horizontally. The lower part of the tongue groove is in a locked position, located essentially on the same horizontal plane as the upper part of the strip surface.
The blocking element may be part of the cavity.
The body of the strip may contain several cavities.
A fifth aspect of the invention is construction panels provided with a locking system for vertically and horizontally locking the first and second edges of adjacent panels. The specified system is configured to lock the edges by vertically displacing adjacent edges relative to each other. The locking system comprises a tongue that communicates with a tongue groove or undercut for vertical locking. A strip at the first edge is provided with a locking member that cooperates for horizontal locking with a downwardly facing open locking groove formed in a second adjacent edge. The strip contains the body of the strip with the cavity. The second edge contains a local protrusion that extends downward. The protrusion is located in the cavity when the panels are locked vertically and horizontally.
The tongue may be located on the bottom of the protrusion.
A sixth aspect of the invention is a method of manufacturing a panel comprising a locking system that locks vertically and / or horizontally. The method comprises the steps of:
- forming part of the locking system by means of knives that contain a substantially V or U-shaped open cutting edge; and
- displacement of the cut material in such a way that it flows into the inside of the open cutting edge during cutting.
A seventh aspect of the invention is a method of dividing a sheet into a first and second floor panel and forming two adjacent edges containing a locking system that locks vertically and / or horizontally. The first edge contains the lower part, which protrudes horizontally beyond the upper part, and the second edge contains the upper part, which protrudes horizontally beyond the lower part. The method comprises the steps of:
- cutting the sheet and separating the panels by means of cutting knives that are cut horizontally and vertically; and
- the formation of the lower part on the first panel and the upper part on the second panel through the specified cutting.
An eighth aspect of the invention is floor panels provided with a locking system for vertically and / or horizontally locking the first and second edges of adjacent panels containing a plastic wear layer and one or more plastic core layers with several substantially vertical bending grooves that have a vertical elongation of at least about one third of the core thickness.
The bending grooves may be covered by the backing.
The bendable grooves can essentially be parallel with long edges and have a length that is less than the distance between the locking systems at short edges.
A ninth aspect of the invention is resilient floor panels with long and short edges provided with a locking system for vertically and / or horizontally locking the first and second edges of adjacent panels. The panels contain an elastic material that allows bending with overlapping short edges. One of the long edges is provided with a plastic locking strip extending along the edge and protruding horizontally from the edge. The locking strip comprises at least one protrusion extending in the vertical direction so as to be inserted into the locking groove formed at an adjacent edge.
The blocking strip may be a thermoplastic extruded section.
The floor panel may have a length that is at least 15 times greater than the width.
The disclosure of the invention will be further described in connection with illustrative embodiments and in more detail with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings, in which:
Figures 1a-b show floor panels and interlock systems in accordance with prior art.
2a-c show two edge sections with a locking system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Figures 3a-3c show a lock by means of a locking system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
4a-d show manufacturing methods for forming an interlock system in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
Figures 5a-d illustrate a locking system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, which may be locked by vertical stacking.
Figures 6a-d show a separate portion of a strip connected to an edge in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
7a-b show embodiments of the invention.
On figa-d shows the locking system for laying with a separate tongue in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
On figa-d shows an embodiment with a locking system for laying with the tongue, made in the form of a whole with the panel.
10a-e show embodiments of the invention.
11a-f show panel separation in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
12a-b show an embodiment comprising cutting by means of a screw cutting tool.
On figa-d shows an embodiment containing the formation of the locking system through several knives.
On figa-d shows an embodiment containing an LVT panel with reduced weight and improved temperature properties.
On figa-d shows a locking system that is installed by means of vertical movement.
On figa-c shows a locking system that is installed by means of vertical movement.
On figa-d shows a locking system that is installed by installing at an angle.
On Fig shows the grooves formed on the rear side.
On figa-b shows the grooves formed on the rear side.
On figa-d shows the installation formed in the form of a roll of elastic floor.
On figa-d shows a locking system containing extruded profiles.
For ease of understanding, several locking systems in the figures are shown schematically. It should be emphasized that improved or other functions can be achieved using combinations of embodiments.
All embodiments may be used singly or in combinations. Corners, sizes, rounded parts, gaps between surfaces, etc. are only examples and can be regulated within the basic principles of the invention.
FIG. 2 a shows from above an edge section of the first 1 and second panel 1 ′ in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Several cavities 20 are formed in the strip body 7 from the strip surface 7a to the rear side of the panel 1. The cavities extend horizontally to the locking element 8. Interacting vertically extending protrusions 21 are formed on the second panel 1 'between the locking groove 14 and the tongue 10. The locking element 8 in this embodiment extends along the joint. The locking surfaces 42, 43 of the interaction of the locking element and the locking groove are intermittent.
FIG. 2b shows a cross-section AA, which intersects the cavity 20 and the protrusion 21. The strip plane SP and the groove plane GP are located essentially in the same horizontal plane. The protrusion 21 is formed so that it can be inserted into the cavity 20. The length of the protrusion in the direction of the length of the connection is less than the corresponding length of the cavity.
It is preferable that the protrusion is 2-5 mm smaller, so precise positioning during blocking is not required when the first panel in a row is installed.
The locking element 8 is located completely below the strip surface 7a and the strip plane SP. This makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the floor, since no locking groove 14 is required which extends above the strip plane SP.
Fig. 2c shows a cross-section BB which intersects a part of the strip 6 where a cavity is not formed. This solid strip body is connected to the blocking element 8. The adjacent second edge 1 'adjacent has neither a protrusion nor a locking groove. The lower part of the edge 23 is essentially flat and extends essentially in the horizontal direction.
Figures 3a and 3b show cross sections BB and AA in the locked position. Fig. 3c shows the locking by angular installation. The locking system can also be designed in such a way that it can be locked by horizontal and / or vertical snapping, where the strip bends backward or a small tongue 10 is pushed into the tongue groove.
Fig. 4a shows a method for forming a cavity 20 by punching. The panel is machined with the surface layer pointing down. Punch wheel 30 can be used to form cavities 20 along with machining the locking system when the panel is displaced relative to rotating cutting tools. Cavities can be formed as an intermediate stage, when a part of the locking system is formed, or as the last stage, when the entire edge is formed - along with or as a separate operation. The rotary cutting tool 31 can be used, preferably after punching, to form small guide surfaces on the locking element.
FIG. 4b shows a method for forming local protrusions 21 with a screw cutting tool 32 that cuts perpendicularly along the joint. Movable saw blades can also be used.
4c and 4d show adjacent edges in a locked position. Fig. 4d shows that embodiments of the invention can be combined with a preferably small locking element 8 ', which preferably comprises upper guide surfaces, and a small locking groove 14'.
Fig. 4c shows that the building panel may comprise a third core layer 5c, preferably vertically located within the strip 7, thus the strip 7 is reinforced. The third layer in a preferred embodiment is located on the interacting surfaces of the locking element 8 and the locking groove 14. Such a layer increases the strength of the locking and facilitates the positioning of the locking element 8 in the locking groove 14. The core may contain several such layers.
Figures 5a-5c show that horizontal locking in accordance with an embodiment of the invention can be combined with a flexible and movable tongue 11, which is secured to a horizontally extending mounting groove 12 and which is latched during vertical installation. The invention can be used in combination with all known so-called stacking systems, which are locked by means of vertical snapping during laying or lateral pushing after laying, when the panels are laid horizontally on the base. A separate tongue 11 may be attached to the edge of the first 1 or second panel 1 '. Fig. 5d shows a tongue with a flexible bristle that includes flexible protrusions 13. The tongue is displaced in the mounting groove 12 during laying. A separate tongue may also be secured in a groove and may comprise an outer portion that is flexible.
Figures 6a-6d show that the principles of embodiments of the invention can be combined with a separate portion 6 of the strip that is attached to the edge of the panel and which contains cavities 20, 20 '. Part 6 of the strip contains a locking element 33 and the legs 34 of the strip, which can be inserted into grooves or pushed into a plastic core. Part 6 of the strip can be formed so that it can be connected to the edge of the panel using a substantially horizontal snap.
7a and 7b show cavities that are formed in such a way that the blocking element 8 is discontinuous along the connection.
Embodiments of the invention make it possible to form a strong block in 3 mm floor panels or even thinner. A floor panel may be formed with an upper flange 24, as shown in FIG. 2c, about 1 mm, tongue 10 and groove 9 for tongue about 1 mm and strip body about 1 mm. The locking element 8 and the locking groove 14 do not require material, and this means that a significant reduction in cost can be achieved by reducing the thickness of the panel.
Figs 8a-8d show a blocking system for laying suitable for very thin floor panels. A separate and preferably flexible and / or movable tongue 11 can be inserted into the mounting groove 12, which is formed so that its lower part is located essentially on the same horizontal plane HP as the upper part of the strip 6. Strip 6 represents an extension of the lower part of the mounting groove 12. The lower part 9a of the tongue groove 9 is in a locked position located essentially on the same horizontal plane HP as the upper part of the strip surface 7a. On fig.8b shows the second panel 1 ', turned upside down with the surface directed downward. A separate tongue 11 is laid vertically on the inside of the cavity 20. The advantage is that the locking system can be formed in a thinner panel, since the protrusions 21 are located in the cavities 20 below the upper part of the strip surface 7a.
Figures 9a-9d show a locking system that can be locked by vertical movement and which comprises a tongue 10a on the bottom of the protrusion 21. The tongue in this embodiment is formed integrally with the panel. Fig. 9b shows that the locking element 8 comprises a bendable part 22 which bends substantially horizontally and outwardly. The tongue 10a is locked relative to the undercut 15 formed on the lower part of the cavity 20. It is advantageous if the protrusion 21 is smaller in the direction of the length of the joint than the corresponding opening of the cavity 20. This facilitates the folding of the flexible part 22, which will be pushed outward during locking. The panel may comprise a reinforcing layer 5c, for example of fiberglass, or a strong plastic layer, which can increase the strength and flexibility of the blocking element. The reinforcing layer is preferably continuous around the entire cavity 20. One or more tongues can be formed on a protrusion on the outer 10a or inner part 10c or on one or both edges 10b, 10d along the joint.
On figa-10e shows various embodiments of the locking system shown in Fig.9. Fig. 10a shows a tongue 10c formed on the inside of the protrusion, which may comprise a bendable groove 16. Figures 10b and 10c show two tongues 10a, 10c with corresponding undercuts 15, 15a. Figs 10c and 10d show a tongue and groove joint 10, 9 formed at the upper edge above the strip, and Fig. 10e shows a hook joint that only blocks horizontally.
All of the embodiments shown in this description can be partially or fully combined and can be used, if required, at long and / or short edges.
LVT panels are made in sheets, which are cut vertically into several individual panels 1, 1 of the floor. The formation of the locking system creates an unused space W, as shown in figa. 11b-11f show that cutting individual panels vertically and horizontally can reduce unused space W. The cutting groove 36 is preferably formed by knives, a punching tool or rotating cutting tools and various combinations of such tools. The panels are then separated by means of a knife 35a, which cuts substantially horizontally, and a knife or punching tool 35b, which cuts substantially vertically. On fig.11e shows that the first edge 1 is formed with the lower part 40, which protrudes horizontally beyond the upper part, and the second edge 1 'is formed with the upper part 41, which protrudes horizontally beyond the lower part. A non-linear cut through knives or a scraper can be formed, and this can give significant material savings. 11f shows that the entire cut can be formed by means of a single knife 35c, which cuts vertically and horizontally.
On figa and 12b shows the formation of the edges of the panel by means of a screw cutting tool 32, which cuts perpendicular to the direction of offset of the panel 1 'and forms the protrusions 21.
The locking system in the plastic-based LVT flooring can be formed by traditional rotating cutting tools that cut like a saw blade, but also partially or completely by means of cutting knives that can be fixed or rotated. Carving tools can also be used. 13a-13d show that all parts of a mechanical interlock system can be formed by cutting knives that have a straight cutting edge 35a, 35b, 35c, or that have irregular shapes 35d, 35e, 35f, and 35g. Straight-edge cutting knives are preferably rotary knives. The irregular knives are preferably formed as an open V or U-shaped cross-section, which allows the cut material to flow into the inside of the cutting tool 37 so that it can be removed when the tool 35 or the panel 1 are displaced relative to each other.
The knives can be fixed, and the panel can move relative to the knives. It is also possible to move the blades relative to the fixed panel.
An increased temperature will facilitate all types of separation and edge formation by means of, for example, knives, die cutters, punch wheels, screw cutting tools, etc., since the plastic material is much softer when the temperature rises. The panel can be heated completely or only locally by means of, for example, infrared lamps, hot air, etc., which heat the edge part.
Bevelled or rounded edges are easily formed at elevated temperatures and by means of rollers or pinch wheels that compress and form the edges. Such forming devices may be embossed, and the edges may be formed with the same structure as at the surface of the panel. A decorative pattern can be applied during education.
Parts of the locking system can also be formed by heat and rollers that press and form an edge.
LVT floors are very moisture resistant, but they expand or shrink when the temperature changes. Some LVT floors can shrink and expand by about 2 mm when the temperature changes from 10 to 40 degrees Celsius. This can cause problems when LVT floors are installed floating, especially in a room with underfloor heating.
The main reason for temperature sensitivity is the type of plastic (PVC) that is used in the surface layer and core layers. Adding special fillers to the core layers can reduce temperature sensitivity.
Expansion and seating can be offset by the flexibility of the panel. This flexibility may be such that the interlock system is capable of supporting the floor together at low temperature, and such that the panels will not deform or bend upward when they expand at high temperature.
On figa, 14b and 14d shows that the flexibility can be significantly increased if several bending grooves 19 are formed on the rear side of the core 5b. Such grooves can preferably be formed by knives along and / or across the board. Cut material can be completely reused and used to make a new core. Grooves can also be formed when the panel is pressed. Such a manufacturing method is suitable when sheets are pressed in an intermittent press. Knives can preferably be used when sheets are manufactured on continuous presses. Material is very easily removed when the material is hot.
On fig.14b, d shows that the bending grooves can be covered by a substrate 18, which may be a foam or any other plastic material similar to the material used in the core. It is preferred that the folding grooves 19 have a vertical elongation of at least about one third of the core thickness.
Grooves 19 can be used to reduce the weight of the panel.
On figs shows that the inclusion of layers that are more stable, for example one or more layers of fiberglass or auxiliary core 17, which preferably contains wood fibers, can increase resistance to temperature. The auxiliary core 17 may be a high-quality HDF board or a board based on wood chips with high resistance to moisture.
On figa-d shows a locking system that is locked by means of a vertical snap. The protrusion 21 comprises a tongue 10a that cooperates with an undercut 15a formed on the rear side of the locking element. The tongue 10 may be formed on the inside of the protrusion 21. The protrusion 21 and the locking element are bent and displaced horizontally during vertical movement, as shown in fig.15b and 15C. Fig. 15d shows a cross section where neither a protrusion nor a cavity is formed. Such a cross section has only horizontal blocking. This embodiment is characterized in that the interlocking system comprises a first group of sections along the joint, which blocks only horizontally, and a second group of sections, which blocks horizontally and vertically. The locking system is also characterized in that the protrusion 21 and the locking element 8 are displaced horizontally during vertical movement.
On figa-16d shows a locking system similar to the system shown in figa-d. The tongue 10a, however, is formed on the outer part of the protrusion 21. The locking element 8 can also be intermittent, as shown in figs-d. Such geometry facilitates the formation of cavities 20 that can be formed by rotating tools. This embodiment is characterized in that the locking system comprises a first group of sections along the joint (A-A), which blocks only vertically, and a second group of sections (B-B), which blocks only horizontally.
On figa-c shows the locking of the locking system in accordance with figa-d. The first group of sections A and the second group of sections B are displaced vertically, with the protrusion 21 being displaced horizontally and inward during blocking.
On figa-c shows the locking system, where the cavity 21 and the protrusions 20 are mainly used to guide the floor panels during installation at an angle. Horizontal blocking is carried out by means of interacting locking surfaces 42, 43 on the locking element 8 and the locking groove 14, which are located above and below the plane SP of the strip. Strong locking can be obtained in the plastic material by vertically extending locking surfaces that are only about 0.2 to 0.5 mm, especially if the locking angle 44 on the part of the locking surfaces is large, for example, about 90 degrees, as shown in FIG. 18b. Blocking is only possible if the protrusion is located above the cavity. Blocking can be carried out in several stages. In the case where the protrusion 21 is not located above the cavity 20, as shown in FIG. 18c, the panels will remain in an angular position. An offset along the joint can then take place, and the protrusion 21 will automatically fall into the cavity 20, as shown in FIG. On Fig shows that the tongue 10 can be formed on the edge containing the cavity 20. This embodiment can be used to save material.
19 shows that the bending grooves 19 can be formed on the rear side with a length that is less than the length of the rear side. Such formation can be accomplished by means of rotating percussion instruments or by means of knives. The advantage is that the bending grooves 19 are not formed in the edge sections where the locking system is formed. The bendable grooves 19 may essentially be parallel with long edges and may have a length that is less than the distance between the locking systems at the short edges.
On figa-b shows that the positioning marks 45 can be formed by mechanical molding or by means of colored dots on the tongue 10 so that they are visible from the front. They can be used to position the protrusions 21 above the cavities 20. On Fig.20b shows that the bending grooves 19 can be intermittent and are located with different patterns.
On figa-d shows that the elastic floors can be delivered in rolls with overlapping short edges, where each roll corresponds to one row. The rolls preferably have a width of from 0.1 to 0.5 m and may contain floor material, which in the installed position has a length of several meters. A preferred embodiment is a roll containing resilient flooring material, preferably PVC material, which, when untwisted and installed, has a length that is more than 15 times the width. An even more preferred embodiment is a roll with a set length that is greater than about 50 times the width. Such a roll may have a width of about 0.2 m and a length of about 10 m and may contain 2 m 2 of flooring material. The extruded interlocking strip 46 containing the first 47 and second 48 upwardly extending protrusions may be secured in the retaining groove 49 at one edge of the roll. The first upward protrusion 47 is secured to the retaining groove 49 of the first edge 1, and the second upward protrusion 48 is unwound and pushed during installation into the locking groove 14 formed in the adjacent edge 1 ′ of the second roll. This combined push and unwind action facilitates the insertion of the protrusion 48 into the locking groove 14, since the protrusion is gradually inserted into the locking groove when the floor is unwound.
On figa-22d it is shown that all of the above embodiments can be used to form locking strips 46a, 46b, which can be fixed on adjacent edges of the panel or the edges of the roll as separate strips to provide vertical and / or horizontal locking. FIGS. 22b and 22c show that punching of the extruded plastic section may form blocking strips containing cavities 20 and protrusions 21. FIG. 22d shows the blocking strips in a locked position. The locking system is locked by vertical displacement, where the protrusions 21 are inserted into the cavity 20 by means of a sweeping movement. The first upward protrusion 47 may be combined or replaced by adhesive or thermal bonding. The locking strip may comprise several upwardly extending protrusions 48 ′, 48, as shown in FIG. 22d.
The above methods can also be used to block floors from linoleum and other elastic floors.
1. Floor panels containing one or more top layers of decorative plastic material and an intermediate core of plastic material and made with a locking system formed on the short edges of the floor panels for vertical and horizontal blocking of the first short edge (1) and the second short edge (1 ') of adjacent panels, wherein the locking system formed on the short edges is configured to lock the short edges by vertically displacing the first short edge (1) and of a short edge (1 ') relative to each other, and, in addition, the locking system formed on the short edges contains a separate tongue (11), which is fixed in the mounting groove (12), while the tongue is configured to interact with the groove (9 ) for the tongue for vertical locking, and the strip (6) on the first short edge (1), made with a locking element (8), interacting for horizontal locking with a downward facing open locking groove (14) formed in the second short edge (1 ' ), characterized in that o strip (6) is an extension of the lower part of the mounting groove (12), and the strip (6) contains the body (7) of the strip with the cavity (20), which passes completely through the body (7) of the strip and extends horizontally outward from the upper part of the first the short edge (1 '), and the second short edge (1') contains a local protrusion (21), which extends downward, and the protrusion (21) is located in the cavity (20) when the panels are locked vertically and horizontally, while the lower part ( 9a) the tongue grooves (9) are located in substantially the same horizontal plane (HP) as in the upper part of the strip surface (7a) when the adjacent panels are locked vertically and horizontally and the protrusion (21) extends below the horizontal plane (SP) of the strip (6) located on the lowermost part of the upper surface (7a) of the strip body when the panels are blocked vertically and horizontally.
2. Floor panels according to claim 1, in which the blocking element (8) is a part of the cavity (20).
3. Floor panels according to claim 1, in which the body (7) of the strip contains several cavities (20).
4. Floor panels according to claim 1, in which the second edge (1 ') contains several local protrusions (21).
5. Floor panels containing one or more top layers of decorative plastic material and an intermediate core of plastic material and made with a locking system formed on the short edges of the floor panels to vertically and horizontally lock the first (1) and second short edge (1 ') adjacent panels, wherein the locking system formed on the short edges is configured to lock the short edges by vertically displacing the first (1) and second short edge (1 ') completely each other, while the locking system formed at short edges contains a tongue (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) configured to interact with undercut (15, 15a) for vertical locking, and a strip (6) on the first short edge (1) made with a locking element (8) cooperating for horizontal locking with a downwardly directed open locking groove (14) formed in a second adjacent short edge (1 '), characterized in that the strip (6) contains a body (7 ) strip with a cavity (20) that runs through the floor through the body (7) of the strip, and the second short edge (1 ') contains a local protrusion (21), which extends downward and is located in the cavity (20) when the panels are locked vertically and horizontally, while the tongue (10a, 10b, 10c , 10d) is formed on the protrusion (21) on the outer part (10a) or the inner part (10c) or on one or both edges (10b, 10d) of the protrusion (21) along the connection, an undercut (15, 15a) is formed on the rear side of the interlock element (8), and the protrusion (21) passes under the horizontal plane (SP) of the strip located on the lowest part of the upper surface (7 ) Of the strip body when the panels are locked vertically and horizontally.
6. Floor panels according to claim 5, in which the blocking element (8) is part of the cavity (20).
7. Floor panels according to claim 5, in which the tongue is located on the lower part of the protrusion (21).
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