Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4542536B2/en
Timestamp: 2020-06-03 23:44:02
Document Index: 478091086

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 10', 'art 40', 'art 50', 'art 50', 'art 40', 'art 50', 'art 50', 'art 60', 'art 50', 'art 60', 'art 10']

JP4542536B2 - Power control device - Google Patents
JP4542536B2
JP4542536B2 JP2006300265A JP2006300265A JP4542536B2 JP 4542536 B2 JP4542536 B2 JP 4542536B2 JP 2006300265 A JP2006300265 A JP 2006300265A JP 2006300265 A JP2006300265 A JP 2006300265A JP 4542536 B2 JP4542536 B2 JP 4542536B2
JP2006300265A
JP2008118790A (en
修子 山内
有田　裕
洋平 河原
貴志 金子
2006-11-06 Application filed by 株式会社日立製作所 filed Critical 株式会社日立製作所
2006-11-06 Priority to JP2006300265A priority Critical patent/JP4542536B2/en
2008-05-22 Publication of JP2008118790A publication Critical patent/JP2008118790A/en
2010-09-15 Publication of JP4542536B2 publication Critical patent/JP4542536B2/en
238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 31
239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
-1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 3
DWDWQJHDVOKTDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel dihydride Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [NiH2] DWDWQJHDVOKTDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
The present invention relates to a power supply control device that performs charge / discharge control of a power supply capable of generating or charging / discharging.
In recent years, power sources capable of generating and charging / discharging include fuel cells, lithium secondary batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, lead batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and the like. Generally, a secondary battery such as a lead battery, a nickel hydride battery, or a lithium secondary battery, or a capacitor is mounted on an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
Among these, nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium ion batteries have higher energy densities than lead batteries. Therefore, storage batteries are connected in series, and the storage battery group connected in series is further connected in parallel, so that it is often used for vehicles and power storage. In particular, a large-scale battery system that requires a large current has a configuration in which a plurality of batteries are connected in series.
On the other hand, the secondary battery is repeatedly charged and discharged, so that the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH) change. As the secondary battery deteriorates, a decrease in charge / discharge capacity and an increase in battery internal resistance are usually observed. Therefore, the output of the system decreases with deterioration. In addition, it is conceivable that a part of secondary batteries connected in multiple series or other in parallel may be in a state in which the battery voltage is lowered or charging / discharging is not possible due to an unpredictable abnormality due to a cause during manufacture. In these cases, it is necessary to disconnect a battery that has progressed abnormally or deteriorated from the system or to replace it with a new battery.
Therefore, for example, in the prior art described in Patent Document 1, in a multi-series multi-parallel system, the internal impedance for each series unit of the battery is used to calculate the total current obtained by calculating the shunt ratio of each series block connected in parallel. Thus, a method of balancing the deterioration of the battery by performing control only with the total current is proposed.
Moreover, in the prior art described in Patent Document 2, when a deterioration or abnormal battery is detected in a multi-parallel battery system, a method of completely disconnecting from the system is adopted.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-215559 JP 2001-185228 A
However, the above-described conventional technology is directed to a configuration in which series units in which a plurality of storage batteries are connected in series are further connected in parallel. For this reason, when the series unit including the defective storage battery is completely separated, if the system after the separation is continuously used as it is, the deterioration of the remaining series unit may be promoted.
In addition, when the total current supplied to the series units connected in parallel is distributed only by the internal resistance of the storage battery, if the difference in internal resistance between the storage batteries contained in each of the series units is large, the internal There is a risk that a current exceeding the charge / discharge current value that is actually allowed flows through the storage battery having a higher resistance, and deterioration is promoted or abnormalities such as overcharge and overdischarge are likely to occur.
Therefore, conventionally, when a defective storage battery occurs, it is necessary not to replace only the defective storage battery with a new storage battery but to replace all the storage batteries all at once, and the maintenance cost increases as the system becomes larger. There was a problem of becoming larger.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply control device that can extend the life of a power supply as much as possible and improve maintenance.
The present invention for solving the problems of the above conventional example is a power supply control device in which a series unit in which a plurality of power storage elements are connected in series is formed, and a power storage unit in which the series units are connected in parallel is controlled. The power storage element included in the series unit is provided with detection means for detecting predetermined state information, and the amount of current that is provided for each series unit and passes through the corresponding series unit based on the detected state information. Current distribution means for controlling.
Here, a plurality of current measurement means for measuring the current values of the series units connected in parallel, and a plurality of voltage measurements for measuring the voltage values of the storage elements included in the series units connected in parallel. And the detection means, based on the current value of the series unit provided correspondingly and the voltage value of each series unit, the capacity stored in the power storage element, the internal resistance of the power storage element, It is good also as detecting at least one of these as state information.
Further, the detection means detects the state information during charging or discharging of the power storage element, and the current distribution means is a current that dynamically passes through the corresponding series unit during charging or discharging of the power storage element. It is good also as controlling quantity. Furthermore, the series unit may be provided with a terminal for connecting the current distribution means in series or in parallel. The current distribution means may include at least one of a DC / DC converter, a switched capacitor, a resistor, and a DC chopper connected in series to each series unit.
Further, the current distribution means may be a variable resistor connected in series to each series unit, and may connect each series unit to a load side to which power is supplied. Here, the current distribution means may include a plurality of wiring paths having different resistance values, and a switch group provided corresponding to each wiring path and selectively connecting the corresponding wiring path to the circuit. The current distribution means may include a plurality of conductive plates having different resistance values and a switch group provided corresponding to each conductive plate and selectively connecting the corresponding conductive plate to the circuit. The current distribution means is provided corresponding to each of the plurality of conductors having different resistance values by different shapes or materials from each other, and selectively selects the corresponding conductor for the circuit. And a switch group connected to.
One embodiment of the present invention is a power supply control device, which includes at least a plurality of blocks including at least one power storage element and a detection unit that detects a predetermined state including a degree of deterioration of the power storage element. And determining the maximum current value allowed for each block based on the state detected by the detection means, selecting the minimum value among the determined maximum current values, and multiplying the number of parallel blocks by And means for calculating a total current, and a current distribution means for controlling the amount of current distributed to each of the parallel-connected portions of the total current based on the degree of deterioration of the power storage element.
Further, another aspect of the present invention is a method for exchanging a part of the electric storage element in an electric storage unit to be controlled by these power supply control devices, wherein an electric storage element not to be exchanged is charged with a predetermined charge amount. Charging or discharging to make an open circuit, charging or discharging a newly connected power storage element to the predetermined charge amount, and a newly connecting power storage element by the replacement And connecting to a circuit together with the storage element that has not been subject to replacement.
According to the present invention, the life of the power source can be made as long as possible, and maintenance can be improved.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The power supply control device according to the present embodiment extends the life of a power supply using a storage battery group with non-uniform internal resistance while minimizing the number of storage battery replacements. For this purpose, current distribution means for each battery is provided.
As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply control device according to the present embodiment includes a current distribution unit 10, a power storage unit 20 to be controlled, a voltage detection unit 30, a current detection unit 40, and a state detection unit 50. And the charging / discharging unit 60.
Here, the power storage unit 20 includes series units 21a, 21b,... In which a plurality of storage batteries B as constituent units are connected in series. Here, the storage battery B is capable of charging / discharging lithium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, NAS batteries, lead batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and the like. Current distribution units 10 a, 10 b... Are provided corresponding to each series unit of power storage unit 20. Each series unit 21 is provided with a terminal for connecting the corresponding current distribution units 10 in series or in parallel. In the present embodiment, an example will be described in which current distribution units 10a and 10b are connected in series to each storage battery of the corresponding power storage unit 20.
Also, current detection units 40a, 40b,... Are also provided corresponding to each series unit 21 of power storage unit 20, and are connected in series to each storage battery of corresponding power storage unit 20, respectively. Hereinafter, what connected the current distribution part 10, the series unit 21, and the current detection part 40 in series is called a macro unit. Each macro unit is connected to the charge / discharge unit 60 in parallel. The voltage detection unit 30 is also connected in parallel to these macro units.
The current distribution unit 10 can be configured by an element capable of controlling the amount of current, such as a variable resistor, a switched capacitor, a DC / DC converter, or a DC chopper, for example. This current distribution unit 10 connects a load as a power supply destination to the corresponding power storage unit 20 via the charging / discharging unit 60. The current distribution unit 10 also controls the ratio of the amount of current to be introduced into the corresponding macro unit based on the instruction from the charge / discharge unit 60 to the total current.
The voltage detection unit 30 measures the voltage value of the power storage unit using an independent PT (Potential Transducer), a voltage dividing resistor, an operational amplifier, an A / D converter, or the like. The voltage detection unit 30 measures the voltage between both ends of the macro units connected in parallel, and outputs information indicating the measurement result to the state detection unit 50.
The current detection units 40a, 40b,... Are composed of Hall CTs, shunt resistance type current sensors, etc., measure the amount of current flowing through the corresponding macro units, and detect the information indicating the measured amount of current as state detection. To the unit 50.
The state detection unit 50 is configured to include a microcomputer and a module that controls the periphery (peripheral) thereof. Based on the input current amount and information representing the voltage, each state of the storage battery B included in the power storage unit 20 is determined. Detects the resistance value, state of charge (SOC), allowable current, allowable voltage, outputable current, outputable power, other overcharge, overdischarge flag, etc. (may be part of them) Based on the result, control information related to the control of the current distribution unit 10 is generated and output.
In the present embodiment, for each pair of storage batteries B included in the series unit 21, each pair is used as a unit of state detection, the voltage value and current amount at both ends thereof are detected, and the internal resistance value R in the pair of storage batteries B is detected. Seeking. Here, the internal resistance of the storage battery B deteriorates and increases from the value R0 at the time of a new product, and when the increase amount is ΔR, the total resistance value when one storage battery B of the pair is replaced with a new product. R becomes 2R0 + ΔR. From this, the internal resistance R0 + ΔR of the old storage battery B can be calculated as R−R0. In addition, the state detection part 50 receives the input of the information which identifies the series unit 21 containing the replaced storage battery. Or the state detection part 50 monitors the fluctuation | variation of the internal resistance of each series unit 21, and detects replacement | exchange of a storage battery based on the change (it is detected by internal resistance decreasing discontinuously when replacement | exchange is performed). it can).
The charging / discharging unit 60 includes a power conversion device such as a converter or an inverter, performs a predetermined calculation based on information input from the state detection unit 50, and charges / discharges the storage battery B based on the result. Control the current. The charging / discharging unit 60 is connected to a charging source and a load, and supplies power supplied from the charging source to the power storage unit 20 when charging the power storage unit 20. Further, when power is obtained from the power storage unit 20, the power supplied from the power storage unit 20 is supplied to the load. Further, the charging / discharging unit 60 controls the current distribution unit 10 based on the control information output from the state detection unit 50 and information indicating whether charging is in progress or discharging. The state detection operation and current distribution control will be described later.
In this case, voltage and current are used as a method for detecting the state of each storage battery B. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a sensor that detects the temperature of the storage battery, the pressure inside the storage battery, or the like is provided. Control may be performed based on the result.
In addition, the structure which provided one part or all part of the current detection part 40 in the state detection part 50 may be sufficient, and the structure which provided one part or all part of the state detection part 50 in the charging / discharging part 60 may be sufficient.
Here, a specific example of the state detection operation by the state detection unit 50 will be described. In the following description, for the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the power storage unit 20 includes two series units 21a and 21b. The currents flowing through these two series units 21a and 21b vary depending on the impedances Ra and Rb and the open circuit voltages (or electromotive forces) Ea and Eb, the input / output current, voltage, and power of the charging / discharging unit 60. To do. For this reason, the state detection part 50 detects the value in connection with charging / discharging of each storage battery B, such as these impedance Ra, Rb, open circuit voltage Ea, Eb, etc. as a state quantity of the storage battery B, and charge amount, and this state The input / output current, voltage, and power with respect to the charge / discharge unit 60 are controlled according to the amount.
When the storage battery is charged / discharged, the state detection unit 50 outputs a current value that can be charged or discharged by the battery state calculation to the charge / discharge unit 60. Moreover, the impedance for every series unit 21 is calculated from the voltage value detected by the voltage detection unit 30 and the current detection unit 40 and the current value, and SOH (State of Health) is estimated. In general, it can be determined that the SOH has deteriorated as the impedance increases.
The state detection unit 50 sets the impedance (internal impedance value) of the series unit 21 as R, the open circuit voltage (voltage value excluding the voltage drop due to the internal impedance) as E, the maximum allowable voltage as Vmax, and the minimum allowable voltage as Vmin. The allowable charging current Icmax and the allowable discharging current Idmax that can be safely and maximally used within the allowable voltage range are calculated as in the following expressions (1) and (2).
Icmax = (Vmax−E) / R (1)
Idmax = (E−Vmin) / R (2)
Here, Vmax is the rated maximum voltage of the power storage means or the maximum voltage value specified on the system such as a connected load, and Vmin is specified on the system such as the rated minimum voltage of the power storage means or the connected load. It is the minimum voltage value.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, since the series units 21 are connected in parallel to each other, it is assumed that their open circuit voltages Ea and Eb are equal. Further, the total current input / output by the charge / discharge unit 60 during charge / discharge with the series unit 21 group is defined as Iall. Then, the currents Ia and Ib flowing through the series units 21a and 21b can be predicted as in the following equations (3) and (4). However, Ra and Rb are internal resistance values of the series units 21a and 21b, and Rca and Rcb are apparent resistance values of the current distribution units 10a and 10b provided corresponding to the series units 21a and 21b, respectively. is there.
Ia = Iall− (Rb + Rcb) / (Ra + Rb + Rca + Rcb) (3)
Ib = Iall− (Ra + Rca) / (Ra + Rb + Rca + Rcb) (4)
Therefore, the state detection unit 50 controls the resistance values of the current distribution units 10a and 10b so that the following equations (5) and (6) are satisfied during charging, and the following equations (7) and (8) are satisfied during discharging. A control signal indicating the power is output to the charging / discharging unit 60. As a result, the charge / discharge unit 60 is based on the control signal so that the following equations (5) and (6) are satisfied during charging, and the following equations (7) and (8) are satisfied during discharging. The resistance value of b will be controlled.
Ia = Iall− (Rb + Rcb) / (Ra + Rb + Rca + Rcb) <(Vmax−E) / (Ra + Rca) (5)
Ib = Iall− (Ra + Rca) / (Ra + Rb + Rca + Rcb) <(Vmax−E) / (Rb + Rcb) (6)
Ia = Iall− (Rb + Rcb) / (Ra + Rb + Rca + Rcb) <(E−Vmin) / (Ra + Rca) (7)
Ib = Iall− (Ra + Rca) / (Ra + Rb + Rca + Rcb) <(E−Vmin) / (Rb + Rcb) (8)
Furthermore, after setting the resistance value of the current distribution unit 10, the current value detected by the current detection unit 40 is acquired during actual charge / discharge, and is calculated by the above formulas (5) to (8). Compared with the current value that is the determined condition, if there is a difference between them, the distribution command value is corrected and the control of the resistance value of the current distribution unit 10 is executed again.
Here, when the charging means is charged or discharged, the voltage detection means detects a value including the voltage of the impedance portion, and cannot directly measure the open circuit voltage E. Therefore, the amount of charge (SOC) is calculated by the state detection means 50, and the current value calculated using the information is used.
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the current distribution unit 10 of the present embodiment includes a first terminal 11, a plurality of bus bars 12, a plurality of switches 13 provided corresponding to the bus bars 12, and a second terminal 14. It is comprised including. Here, the bus bar 12 is a resistive element including a conductive plate-like or columnar wiring path, and the resistivity can be adjusted by changing its shape such as its thickness, width and diameter. ing. For example, each resistance value of the bus bar 12 is assumed to be r1, r2, r3. These resistance values may be different from each other, or at least part of them may have the same value. Moreover, the shape which can select resistance value with length may be sufficient.
The current supplied from the first terminal 11 is introduced to the bus bar 12 corresponding to the switch 13 that is turned on via the switch 13 that is turned on. Then, the second terminal 14 is reached through the bus bar 12 corresponding to the switch 13 that is turned on. As a result, the current distribution unit 10 shown in FIG. 2 acts as a resistance having a resistance value corresponding to the sum Σri of the resistance values of the bus bars 12 in which the corresponding switch 13 is turned on. In this case, the charging / discharging unit 60 controls which switch 13 is turned on so that the resistance value closest to the desired resistance value is obtained.
Further, although the plurality of switches 13 are used here, the resistance value is made different by changing the shape or / and the material of the bus bar 12, and the bus bar 12 having the resistance closest to the desired resistance value is used. A switch for selectively connecting the first terminal 11 may be provided.
Furthermore, although the bus bar is used here, it can also be realized by selectively connecting a plurality of current cables bundled together. Further, the resistance value of the current distribution unit 10 may be dynamically controlled based on the state of the storage battery detected during the charge / discharge operation. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, another example of the current distribution unit 10 may be provided with current lines BL1, BL2,... And switches 13 ′ having different diameters. In this case, the current bus line is switched by the switch 13 ′, and current is selectively supplied to the series unit 21 via the current line BLi having a diameter close to a desired resistance value.
When the current distribution unit 10 is provided, a storage battery Bold having a relatively high internal resistance in a certain series unit 21 is connected in series with another storage battery Bnew having a relatively low internal resistance. However, the current supplied to the series unit 21 does not exceed the maximum current allowed for the storage battery Bold.
This effect will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the change over time in the internal resistance of the two storage batteries B1 and B2 directly connected in the series unit 21a. Assume that the internal resistance of these two storage batteries B1 and B2 is R1 at a specific time T0, and that one storage battery B1 is replaced due to an abnormality when the internal resistance value of both of them becomes R2 at time T1. . At this time, the internal resistance of the replaced new storage battery B1 is R1. R3 is a resistance value at the time of replacement of the storage battery, which is regarded as the life of the system.
When the current distribution unit 10 is not provided, the amount of current Ia flowing into the series unit 21a including the storage batteries B1 and B2 is the internal resistance Ra and the inside of the other series unit 21b connected in parallel to the series unit 21a. Resistor Rb is used, and the total amount of current supplied to these series units 21 during charging is Iall.
Ia = Iall × Ra / (Ra + Rb) (9)
The amount of current Ib flowing into the series unit 21b is
Ib = Iall × Rb / (Ra + Rb) (10)
It becomes. It is assumed here that two of the series units 21a and 21b are connected in parallel to each other.
Here, at time T1, the amount of current Ia flowing through the series unit 21a when the storage battery B1 is replaced is:
Ia = Iall × Rb / (R1 + R2 + Rb) (11)
It becomes. This value is larger than the amount of current Ia ′ (the following equation (12)) flowing through the series unit 21a before the storage battery B1 is replaced.
Ia ′ = Iall × Rb / (2 × R2 + Rb) (12)
From this, when the current Ia becomes larger than the allowable current of the storage battery B2 that has not been replaced, the internal resistance rapidly increases and reaches R3 (E1) as compared with the normal prediction of change (N1). For this reason, at the time T2, which is earlier than the lifetime T3 assumed in the system, the replacement time may be reached.
On the other hand, if the current distribution unit 10 is provided as in the present embodiment, and charging is performed by setting the resistance value so that the expression (5) is satisfied, charging is performed according to the allowable current value. The allowable current of the non-replaceable storage battery B2 is not exceeded, its lifetime is T3 as usual, and the internal resistance value of the storage battery B1 changes as usual, so the secular change in a state close to normal (N1) Therefore, there is little decrease in efficiency.
Here, in a state where the SOH is 100% (no deterioration), the charge / discharge unit 60 performs control to reduce the current with deterioration without reducing the current with respect to the current distribution unit 10. Thereby, even when a part of the storage battery is replaced, it can be used until the life before the storage battery replacement while maintaining the performance before the storage battery replacement.
When the battery is replaced, the voltage of all the storage batteries B1, B2,... Is charged / discharged in advance so that the SOC is about 50%. Then, until the storage battery to be replaced is installed, leave the existing storage battery not to be opened (in a state where no circuit is formed), and after installing the replacement storage battery, connect all the storage batteries to the circuit along with the replaced storage battery. To do. This prevents inrush current from occurring. In addition, by setting the resistance value of the current distribution unit 10 in this state, the storage battery can operate uniformly in the range from 0% to 100% with the SOC of 50% approximately as the center. Moreover, it can be operated in a state where the voltage difference at the upper and lower limit voltage during operation between the existing battery (battery that is not replaced) and the battery to be replaced is reduced.
That is, according to the present embodiment, the life of the storage battery as a whole system can be maintained even if the storage batteries are individually replaced. Thereby, the lifetime of a power supply can be made as long as possible, and maintenance property can be improved.
In the above description, the case where there are two series units 21 connected in parallel has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, two series units 21 each having two storage batteries B are connected in series to form a block 80, and two of these blocks 80a and 80b are connected in parallel to form 4 series 2 It may be parallel.
In this case, the current distribution unit 10, the voltage detection unit 30, and the state detection unit 50 are provided corresponding to each series unit 21, and the current detection unit 40 is provided for each block 80. In FIG. 5, the load / power source 70 is shown together, and the internal resistance of the storage battery B is not shown.
In this example, in the block 80, the state detection unit 50 included in each block is provided corresponding to the corresponding series unit 21, and voltage detection is performed to detect the voltage at both ends sandwiching the current distribution unit 10 and the series unit 21. Control information is output based on the detection result of the unit 30 and the detection result of the current detection unit 40 provided for each block 80. And based on this control information, the charging / discharging part 60 controls the current distribution part 10 provided corresponding to each series unit 21.
The charging / discharging unit 60 supplies the load 70 with the electric power output from the power storage unit 20 when discharging. As described above, when a plurality of series units 21 are connected in series, the current distribution unit 10 can be controlled without providing the current detection unit 40 for each series unit 21. The current detection unit 40 is connected to the downstream side of the current with respect to the two series units 21 and the current distribution unit 10 connected in series, but between the elements connected in series or on the upstream side thereof. It may be installed at any position.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6, you may employ | adopt the structure which connects the power supply of 2 series 2 parallel further in series. In this example, the voltage of each series unit 21 is detected by the corresponding voltage detector 30. Further, the corresponding current detection unit 40 detects the amount of current flowing through the series unit 21, and outputs the detected voltage and current amount to the state detection unit 50 provided corresponding to the common series unit 21.
For example, the voltage of the series unit 21a is detected by the voltage detection unit 30a, the corresponding current detection unit 40a detects the amount of current flowing through the series unit 21a, and the detected voltage and current amount are supplied to the common series unit 21a. The data is output to the corresponding state detector 50a.
In this example, the voltage detector that detects the voltage across the series units 21 connected in parallel measures the same potential. For example, the voltage detectors 30a and 30c provided in the series unit 21a and the series unit 21c detect the same voltage. Therefore, either one of them may be omitted. For example, the voltage detection unit 30c may be omitted, and the voltage value detected by the voltage detection unit 30a may be output to the state detection unit 50a and the state detection unit 50c.
In this case, each state detection unit 50 calculates the state of charge of the corresponding series unit 21, battery resistance, and SOH, and outputs the result to the charge / discharge unit 60.
In the charging / discharging unit 60, as shown in FIG. 7, the charging state, battery resistance, and SOH for each storage battery B are input from each state detection unit 50 (S1), and based on these information, A current value (allowable current) that can be passed to each storage battery B is calculated, and the minimum value among the allowable currents of each storage battery B is obtained by equations (1), (2), etc. (S2). Next, the minimum value among the allowable currents of the respective storage batteries B obtained for each state detection unit 50 is multiplied by the parallel number (that is, doubled here) to obtain the total current value (S3). Then, assuming that the total current value is Iall, the conditions corresponding to the following expressions (5) and (6) are satisfied during charging, and the currents corresponding to the following expressions (7) and (8) are satisfied during discharging. The resistance value of the distribution unit 10 is calculated (S4).
Here, the charging / discharging unit 60 determines the amount of current expected to flow through each series unit 21 from the resistance value of the current distributing unit 10 calculated here and the total current value Iall, It is determined whether the current value that can be passed through the storage battery B included in the unit 21 (the current value calculated in the process S2) has not been exceeded (S5). Here, for any of the series units 21, when the amount of current flowing through the storage battery B included in the series unit 21 exceeds the allowable current value calculated in the process S2, the total current value is reduced and adjusted ( S6) The process may be continued by returning to the process S4.
Further, in process S5, it is determined that the amount of current expected to flow through each series unit 21 does not exceed the current value (current value calculated in process S2) that can flow through the storage battery B included in each series unit 21. If so, the charge / discharge unit 60 controls the resistance value of each current distribution unit 10 to be the resistance value determined in step S4 (S7).
Thereafter, the current value detected by the current detection unit 40 is compared with the value commanded by the charge / discharge unit 60 (S8), and if there is a deviation exceeding a predetermined threshold value, the command value for distribution is set. It may be corrected (S9).
Thereby, based on the minimum value among the maximum permissible current values for each storage battery determined by the unit in which the state detection unit 50 is provided, the total current value is obtained by multiplying the minimum value. The total current value is distributed according to the internal resistance of each storage battery, and the resistance value of each current distribution unit 10 is adjusted so that the current passing through each storage battery does not exceed the maximum allowable current value for each storage battery.
In addition, when changing an allowable electric current also with the charge condition (SOC) of the rechargeable battery B, as shown in FIG. 8, after detecting SOC and SOH (S11), the allowable electric current based on SOC is calculated ( S12) Further, the total current value is calculated from the sum of the allowable currents (S13), and the current distribution unit is set so that the total current value is less than the allowable current amount determined based on the SOH for each series unit 21. The resistance value of 10 may be controlled (S14).
Thus, since it is possible to determine the current value for every two series of state detection units, each series unit 21, that is, two series is replaced at the same time with the same performance having a lower resistance than the existing battery. In this case, the current value that can be passed through the entire battery can be increased within a range that does not exceed the maximum current value of the existing battery, and the battery can be used more effectively.
Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, a 6-series 2-parallel battery system may be configured. In the example of FIG. 9, individual state detection units 50a, b, c... F provided in each block and an overall state detection unit 50 ′ that receives these outputs and detects the state of the entire storage battery system. The example provided separately from 60 was shown.
Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of blocks 100 including at least one series unit 21 (in the case of a plurality of units connected in series), a voltage detection unit 30, and a current detection unit 40 are provided. It may be configured to include a switch 110 that is provided for each 100 and that is turned on in a time-sharing manner, and a current distribution unit 10 ′ connected to the switch 110.
In this example, the charging / discharging unit 60 sequentially selects the target block 100 in a time-sharing manner, and sets the resistance value of the current distribution unit 10 ′ so that the current amount allowed in the selected block 100 is obtained. Then, the switch 110 corresponding to the selected block 100 is turned on. Thereby, one current distribution unit 10 can be shared by a plurality of blocks.
FIG. 11 is a configuration example of a hybrid vehicle system equipped with a power supply including the power supply control device of the present embodiment. This hybrid vehicle system includes a power source (for example, diesel or gasoline engine) 201 different from the battery and a generator 202 provided on a rotating shaft rotated by the power source 201. The generator 202 generates U, V, and W three-phase AC power. The converter 203 converts the two-phase AC power into DC power, and the inverter 204 converts the DC power into three-phase AC power having a specified voltage and a specified frequency, and supplies it to the induction motor 205. Yes.
This hybrid vehicle system also includes a power storage device 206 connected in parallel to the output of converter 203. The power storage device 206 supplies power when the vehicle is started, for example. Further, here, the smoothing capacitor 207 is connected in parallel to the input stage of the inverter 204 to suppress fluctuations in the inverter input voltage.
On the other hand, the current detector 209a detects the current output from the converter 203 as the converter output current Is and outputs it to the control unit 210. The voltage detector 208 is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor 207. The connected voltage value is output to the control unit 210.
The control unit 210 includes a converter output current Is detected by the current detector 209a provided at the output of the converter 203, a voltage of the smoothing capacitor 207 detected by the voltage detector 208, and a rotational frequency of the induction motor 205 measured separately. Based on the above, the converter control is executed, a converter PWM control signal is generated and output to the converter 203.
The control unit 210 detects motor currents Iu, Iv, Iw with current detectors 209b, 209c, 209d provided at the output of the inverter 204, and the motor currents Iu, Iv, Iw and the voltage detector 208 Based on the detected smoothing capacitor voltage and the motor rotation frequency, an inverter PWM control signal is generated and output to the inverter 204.
Further, the control unit 210 operates the power storage device 206 based on the total current discharged from the storage battery of the power storage device 206, the total voltage of the storage battery, and the temperature of the power storage device 206 (separately detected by a temperature sensor or the like). And the charge / discharge control signal of the power storage device is output. By using the power supply control device of the present embodiment for the power storage device 206 of such a hybrid vehicle system, the current width suppressed when the storage battery is replaced can be reduced, and a large output can be obtained from the storage battery.
The battery is not limited to a lithium secondary battery, but can be applied to any power storage system in which various secondary batteries, capacitors, etc. are connected in multiple parallels and in series. Hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles that can use these battery systems It is effective for the stable maintenance of all power storage systems such as electric motorcycles, electric buses, trucks, rail cars, construction machinery, ground power supply facilities, and substations.
It is a block diagram showing the structural example of the power supply control apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram showing the structural example of the current distribution part of the power supply control device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram showing another structural example of the current distribution part of the power supply control device according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the effect of the power supply control apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram showing another structural example of the power supply control device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram showing another structural example of the power supply control device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart figure showing the process example in the power supply control apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart showing the process example in the power supply control apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram showing another structural example of the power supply control device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram showing another structural example of the power supply control device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing showing the structural example of the hybrid vehicle system which can apply the power supply control apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
10, 10 ′ current distribution unit, 11 first terminal, 12 bus bar, 13, 13 ′ switch, 14 second terminal, 20 power storage unit, 21 series unit, 30 voltage detection unit, 40 current detection unit, 50 state detection unit, 50 'total state detection unit, 60 charge / discharge unit, 70 load, 80, 90, 100 block, 201 engine, 202 generator, 203 converter, 204 inverter, 205 induction motor, 206 power storage device, 207 smoothing capacitor, 208 voltage detection 209 current detector 210 control unit.
A power supply control device that forms a series unit in which a plurality of power storage elements are connected in series and controls a power storage unit in which the series units are connected in parallel,
Detecting means for detecting predetermined state information for the power storage elements included in the series unit;
Current distribution means provided for each series unit and controlling the amount of current passing through the corresponding series unit based on the detected state information ;
The current distribution means is a variable resistor connected in series to each series unit, and connects each series unit and the load side to which power is supplied,
The power distribution means includes a plurality of wiring paths having different resistance values and a switch group provided corresponding to each wiring path and selectively connecting the corresponding wiring path to the circuit. Control device.
Current distribution means provided for each series unit and controlling the amount of current passing through the corresponding series unit based on the detected state information;
The current distribution means includes a plurality of conductive plates having different resistance values, and a switch group provided corresponding to each conductive plate and selectively connecting the corresponding conductive plate to a circuit. Control device.
The current distribution means is provided corresponding to each conductor and a plurality of conductors having different resistance values due to different shapes or materials, and selectively connecting the corresponding conductors to the circuit. And a switch group .
In the power supply control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
A plurality of current measuring means for measuring the current values of the series units connected in parallel;
A plurality of voltage measuring means for measuring each voltage value of each power storage element included in the series units connected in parallel,
The detection means provides status information on at least one of the capacity stored in the power storage element and the internal resistance of the power storage element based on the current value of the series unit provided in correspondence and the voltage value of each series unit. A power supply control device characterized by detecting as follows.
The detection means detects the state information during charging or discharging of the power storage element,
The power supply control device, wherein the current distribution means controls the amount of current passing through the corresponding series unit dynamically during charging or discharging of the power storage element.
The power supply control device, wherein the current distribution means includes at least one of a DC / DC converter, a switched capacitor, a resistor, and a DC chopper connected in series to each series unit.
The series unit is provided with a terminal for connecting the current distribution means in series or in parallel.
At least one power storage element;
Detecting means for detecting a predetermined state including a degree of deterioration of the power storage element;
A plurality of blocks including at least in parallel,
Based on the state detected by the detection means, the maximum current value allowed for each block is determined, and the minimum value is selected from the determined maximum current values, and the total current is multiplied by the number of parallel blocks. Means for computing
Based on the degree of deterioration of the electric storage element, the total current, viewed contains a current distribution means for controlling the amount of current distributed to each parallel-connected portions,
The current distribution means is a variable resistor connected in series to each block, and connects each block to a load side to which power is supplied,
Current distribution means for controlling the amount of current distributed to each parallel connected portion of the total current based on the degree of deterioration of the power storage element,
JP2006300265A 2006-11-06 2006-11-06 Power control device Expired - Fee Related JP4542536B2 (en)
JP2006300265A JP4542536B2 (en) 2006-11-06 2006-11-06 Power control device
JP2008118790A JP2008118790A (en) 2008-05-22
JP4542536B2 true JP4542536B2 (en) 2010-09-15
ID=39504272
JP2006300265A Expired - Fee Related JP4542536B2 (en) 2006-11-06 2006-11-06 Power control device
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