Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2004030273A1/en
Timestamp: 2019-08-19 16:53:34
Document Index: 187349268

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 3', '§ 1', '§ 1', '§ 1', '§ 1', '§ 1']

WO2004030273A1 - Data delivery method, system, transfer method, and program - Google Patents
Data delivery method, system, transfer method, and program Download PDF
WO2004030273A1
WO2004030273A1 PCT/JP2002/010026 JP0210026W WO2004030273A1 WO 2004030273 A1 WO2004030273 A1 WO 2004030273A1 JP 0210026 W JP0210026 W JP 0210026W WO 2004030273 A1 WO2004030273 A1 WO 2004030273A1
PCT/JP2002/010026
2002-09-27 Application filed by Fujitsu Limited filed Critical Fujitsu Limited
2002-09-27 Priority to PCT/JP2002/010026 priority Critical patent/WO2004030273A1/en
2004-04-08 Publication of WO2004030273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004030273A1/en
When a new peer is connected to a plurality of peers interconnected via a network, group information grouping the new peer is created according to the distance comparison between a user, a representative of the existing group, and the new peer. When the user transmits data, the user creates destination information for each of the groups grouped according to the group information and route information where the user is registered and transmits them together with the data to a representative of each group. When relaying delivery information from another peer, if the user is included in the destination information, the user acquires the reception data and deletes the user before creating destination information of each group grouped according to the group information and route information where the user is registered and transmitting them together with the data to a representative of each group.
Akira fine manual data distribution method, system, transmission method and program the art
The present invention, peer-to-peer de Isseki distribution method collaborate like by exchanging information between a plurality of peers connected to each other via a network, the system relates to the transmission method, and a program, in particular, peer There data distribution method for distributing efficiently the information sending to other peers, the system relates to a transmission method, and a program. BACKGROUND
With the spread of in-evening one net, co-Lapo configuration system to share some object between remote locations it has been widely used. Traditional collaboration lane Yon system, server 'client type is mainly. Server is responsible for the delivery and management of the data to be collaboration. For the management of data server is centrally Gyotsu, collaboration for de Isseki with each client is kept the same. However, server-client type of collaboration system, since the load against the server is large, in recent years, peer-to-peer collaboration system has been noted. Peer-to-peer, each Interview one The participating in the network is a peer-to-peer (P eer), you do not have a specific server. Here the user apparatus used in the peer-to-peer network, simply referred to as a peer in the following description. However, in the conventional peer-to-peer collaboration system, since the Isseki de for collaboration held in the respective peer, while not participating in a particular Piagako Lapo configuration, the remaining peers data the such as when updated, there is a problem not maintain the consistency of the data in each peer. In addition, Sir Bruno - the case of the client type, is a data distribution source server, generally it is possible to be installed in a place blessed with Nettowa-click environment, the case of peer-to-peer, of Isseki de distribution source each is a peer, the environment is wireless L aN, there are various such as a telephone line. Therefore, 1 outgoing peer to all other peers in the origin: if n in such as data distribution, the distribution path can not efficient data transmission, consuming communication time, the problem of communication cost becomes high is there. Disclosure of the Invention
The present invention is to provide the creation of efficient distribution route, the data distribution method of peer-to-peer to allow data consistency and efficient high Hayade Isseki transmission between peers, the system, the transmission how and program With the goal.
(Data by grouping delivery)
The present invention relates to a peer-to-peer data distribution method for exchanging information between a plurality of peers connected to each other via a network, each peer,
The group information creation unit, when receiving the connection of a new peer own, and based on the comparison of the distance on the network between 3's delegate peer and the new peer existing Dar-loop, a new peer and group information creating step of creating a grouping the group information,
The data transmitting unit, when transmitting the Isseki de from his, and generates route information registered destination information and their respective groups grouped based on the group information, the destination information to the representative peer of each group, the path and a data transmission step it disseminates information and data as the delivery information,
The data relay unit, when receiving the distribution information from another peer, the destination information of each group if they contain their own in the destination information after deleting their capture data, which is grouped based on the group information a data relaying step you outgoing generates distribution information registered his destination information to the representative peer of each group, the path information and de Isseki as distribution information and,
Each peer of such invention performs grouping respectively based on the distance on the network with other peers viewed from him, the Isseki de distributed from the case or another peer transmits the data from their when relaying, by grouping the destination peer, it is sufficient to distribute data only to the representative peer in its 1: distribution Shinsaki compared to n communication can be sufficiently reduced depending on the number of groups , it is possible to shorten delivery time. Here the group information creation step selects a representative peer distance between their from the delegate peer of an existing group is minimized, his, to compare the distance between the 3's delegate peer and the new peer existing group based characterized by creating a grouping was dull one flops information new peers.
Representative peer thus group viewed from each peer becomes a peer in the minimum distance of the group, the shortest path is selected as the distribution path, Ru can be efficiently data delivery. Further, in the case that a new peer has occurred, the process of group divided into a look at the relationship between the existing groups is carried out, dynamically optimal delivery route in accordance with the participation of peers is formed.
Because of this dynamic grouping, group information creation step,
Own, as the distance between three parties delegate peer and the new peer of an existing group, the second distance between the own and the first distance between himself and the new peer representative peers, and a new representative peak § If between the peer and the third distance,
Between the three parties,
(First distance)> (second distance)> (third distance)
The first distance when the relationship to be in, to belong to a new peer group of representative peer, maintains the representative peer.
Also between the three parties,
(Second distance)> (first distance)> (third distance)
The second distance at the time related to the will, to belong to a new peer group of representative peers, to change the representative peer in a new peer.
Further, except when the first and second distance relationship, as a representative peer to generate a new group for the new peer.
Furthermore, the group information creation step, when a plurality of delegate peer exists, select the delegate peer having the minimum distance between their from them, their, the distance between the 3's delegate peer and the new peer repeat the grouping processing of new peers based on the comparison. The present invention provides the execution rules programmed peers take information Ya Ri to and from other peers connected to each other via a network. This program causes a computer constituting a peer, upon receiving the connection of a new peer based own, on a comparison of distance on the network between 3's delegate peer and a new peak § existing groups, a new and group information creation step to create a group information to the peer grouped such,
When transmitting data from their, generates path information registered destination information and their respective groups were grouped based on the group information, the destination information to the representative peer of each group, the distribution route information and data and data transmission stearyl-up to be transmitted as information,
Upon receiving the delivery information from other peers, after if they contain their own in the destination information deleting their captures Isseki receiving de, the destination information and their respective groups grouped based on the group information It generates registered distribution information, the destination information to the representative peer of each group, a data rELAY step of transmitting the evening route information and data as the distribution information,
Characterized in that for the execution. The details of the program of the present invention will become data distribution method basically the same.
The present invention provides a peer to take information Ya Ri to and from other peers connected to each other via a network. Group The peer that upon receiving the connection of a new peer own, based on the comparison of the distance on the network between 3's delegate peer and the new peer of an existing group, were grouped a new peer and group information creation unit for creating information, when transmitting the Isseki de from his, based on the group information generated routing information registered destination information and their respective group that group divided, each group captured and evening transmitting unit, when receiving the distribution information from other peers, the received data if the destination information Ru contains his - the destination information to the representative peer, de that transmits routing information and data as distribution information in after removing his, generates delivery information registered destination information and their respective groups grouped based on the group information, the destination information to the representative peer of each group , Characterized in that a data relay unit for transmitting the route information and data as distribution information. In addition, details of the peer of the present invention will become Isseki delivery method basically the same de.
(Proxy peer)
The present invention relates to a peer-to-peer de Isseki distribution system for exchanging mutual de Isseki among a plurality of peers connected to each other via a network, the request-source peer that requested the proxy is operating not between, the requesting peer 蓄 give a distributed update data to addressed, when the requesting peer has started operation, characterized in that a proxy peer to pass the update data stored.
In this way, on the network providing the proxy peer, if any peer stops running at etc. power-off, it has accumulated update data representative peer distributed from another peer, the operation when the power source is turned on the upon starting, by sending to the peer has returned the Isseki update de have accumulated in the proxy peer, it ensures consistency of data between peers. Here on behalf peers, share the request based on peer and data that has requested the agency, while the requester is not in operation, and update the shared de Isseki in the data delivered to the addressed to the requesting peer, the request when the original peer has started the operation, it is also possible to overwrite the updated shared data in the shared data of the requesting Piapia. Bakkuatsu flop by the shared data can be applied if the distance on the network between the proxy peer closer.
Further, forming a group of a plurality of peers, when delivering the delivery information received by the delegate peer group to other peers in the group, setting the surrogate peer as a representative peer in the group 1 or more peers but while not in operation, stored the update data that has been delivered to the addressed to peers that do not work, pass the update data the peer stored when it is operating. This is delivered during the stop of the operation of the plurality of peers in a more single of the proxy peer is the data retention, to ensure the data evening of consistency.
Further providing a plurality of proxy peers, if the operation in delivering the update data to a specific proxy peer stopped, characterized by distributing the remaining update data in addition to the proxy peer acting. This allows other proxy peer is an alternative to the stop of the proxy peer receiving a data delivery, to reliably guarantee the Day evening consistency by proxy peer.
(High-speed data transmission)
The present invention is to provide a data transmission method of the Isseki de packet transmission, the data transmission method,
The encoded transmission unit, computes the solution by substituting the simultaneous equations of the Boolean algebra original data with a predetermined constant data, and the encoded transmission step of sending the packet as a set of encoded data the solution with constant data, received the decoding unit, characterized in that received said constant data and solutions obtained from the encoded data and a reception decoding step of decoding the original data by substituting the simultaneous equations.
The data transmission method is used UDP communication which does not require a response ACK to the reception of the transmission bucket Bok, compared to TCP communication that requires a response, it high-speed transmission by reducing the communication time. Also happening packet loss or Swapping of during transmission, you can restore that fixes recipient Dede Isseki, as reliable and TCP communication that returns the response to each Baketsuto reception is ensured.
For more information on data transmission method using a solution of this system of equations,
As encoded transmission step,
The source data m-bit data (b 0, I b 2, b 3, ~b m - data sequence and the case of m bits n sequences K = (k n0, k nl , k n2, -k, ) the simultaneous equations of the pool algebra
b 0 k n0 + b 1 k n2 + ...... + b m - k nm one i = P n
N number of solutions P n = (p 0) p have pk 2 are substituted into, ~p n - look, encoded data Xi to the packet transfer comprising a set of data train K and solutions [rho eta.
The reception decoding step is characterized by decoding the Isseki data of m bits to be received the obtained from the encoded data data string Κ and solutions [rho eta substituted into the simultaneous equations source data .
Further details of the received decoding step, a Sutetsu flop portion of the received encoded data de obtained from evening Isseki column K to generate a matrix data evening arrangement data string and P n as a top triangle,
A step of unit matrix per portion of the matrix data arrangement of de Isseki column K, and restoring the evening the source data to data evening column K from the data position of solutions P n obtained by unit matrix,
In another mode of the data transmission method of the present invention provides a data transmission method do not want to use the solution of simultaneous equations. The data transmission method,
The encoded transmission unit, forwards the original data m pieces of divided data (D 0, D 1; D 2 -D m →) is divided into, de Isseki rows of n series is m bits K = (k n 0, k nl, k n 2, consisting ~k n m _!) determined Me exclusive OR data by selecting the division data corresponding to the position of the bit 1 of de Isseki column K and exclusive of the sum data set and ¾ Shin steps you Baketsuto transfer code Cadet Isseki,
The receiver decoder, the received and unit matrix portions of de Isseki column K after encoded data string K obtained from the data of the exclusive OR data matrices arranged, exclusive after the unit line strung a receiving step for decoding the sum data as the division data, characterized by comprising a.
According to the solution of the simultaneous equations to non data transmission method utilizing the process of encoding and decoding is correspondingly simple.
Where sequence number n of a data string K in the encoding and decoding of the present invention is a value greater than or equal to the number of bits m. For example sequence number n of the data sequence is the number obtained by adding the Nehi based on bar g e t preparative loss rate of the transmission path to the number of bits m (m + flight). Thus even if shed pieces within the Baketsuto lost during transmission, Ru can be restored under Isseki in the m Baketsuto received.
The data transmission method of the present invention, as a data string K to be used to generate the encoded data to be transferred by n buckets Bok, easily unit matrix in receiving side for up buckets Bok from the beginning to a predetermined number and Do not specific numeric column.
The present invention is a numerical sequence of the data string K defined by predetermined table or a predetermined equation, by sharing the table or the expression at the transmitting side and the receiving side, eliminating the need for Baketsuto transfer de Isseki column K .
Encoded transmission step of the data transmission method of the present invention, a block of encoded data transferred is divided into a plurality buckets Bok, reception decoding step receives and original data decoding bucket bets one block It transmits a successful decoding signal to the transmitting side when it is completed, when a failed decrypt causes retransmission by sending a decoding failure signal. The received response is this not a Baketsuto unit becomes a block unit of by a plurality Baketsuto necessary data decoding, to achieve both reliability and high-speed transmission by receiving responses.
De Isseki transmission method of the present invention performs decoding after holding the bucket preparative data in the buffer and the buffer provided in the receiving side, the bucket bets data received until the retransmission upon decoding failure is started in a buffer Save and without small the Baketsuto number of retransmitted Ruru block.
The present invention is to provide a program for data transmission, encoded in the computer, seeking Me a solution by substituting the original data with a predetermined constant data in simultaneous equations of Boolean algebra, a set of solutions with constant data and encoded transmission stearyl-up for a packet transmitted as data,
A reception decoding step by substituting the received coded solutions and the constant data obtained from the data on the simultaneous equations to decode the original data,
Characterized in that for the execution. The details of the program for data transmission according to the invention consists in a data transmission method basically the same. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic view for illustrating a peer-to-peer data distribution system according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a block diagram of a functional configuration of a peer for use in the present invention;
Figure 3 is a schematic view for illustrating a hardware environment of a computer used in the peer of Figure 2; Figure 4 is an explanatory view showing the distribution method according to the grouping of the present invention in comparison with conventional delivery method;
Figure 5 is an explanatory view of a group information used by the peer P 0 in FIG. 4;
Figure 6 is an explanatory view of grouping and delivery routes as seen from the peer distribution route according to the invention;
Figure 7 is a schematic view for illustrating a dull-loop classification when new peer third appeared in a state in which the two peers are present;
Figure 8 is a schematic view for illustrating a grouping when new peer has appeared at a position close to one of the groups in a state in which the two existing groups are present;
Figure 9 is an explanatory view of a grouping performed with the next nearest subsequent to FIG. 8 as an existing group and new peer;
Figure 1 0 is an illustration of a grouping which is subsequent to FIG. 9;
The flowchart of FIG. 1 1 is a group creation processing according to the present invention;
1 2 Furochiya Ichito group creation processing subsequent to FIG. 1 1; illustration to force a recalculation of grouping to malfunction dynamic group creation of Figures 1 to 3 the invention;
Figure 1 4 is an explanatory view of the destination information and route information to be used in the data distribution of the present invention; FIG 5 is an explanatory view of the distribution information composed of the destination information, route information and data; Figure 1 6 is no route information illustration of a problem that occurs in the case;
Figure 1 7 is another example of diagram of the destination information and route information to be used in the data distribution of the present invention; flowchart in FIG. 1 8 data transmission processing according to the present invention;
Figure 1 9 is a flow chart of a data relay process according to the present invention;
2 0 is an explanatory view of a problem with data sharing method when the data delivery destination peer is not operating;
Figure 2 1 is an explanatory view of a data buffering method according to the proxy peer of the present invention; FIG. 2. 2 is a block diagram of a functional configuration of the proxy peer used in the present invention;
Flowchart of the proxy process by the proxy peer 2 3 present invention;
Figure 2 4 is an explanatory diagram of a data sharing method according to the proxy peer of the present invention;
2 5 is an explanatory view of a case where proxy multiple peers on behalf peers;
2 6 is an explanatory view of a case where the proxy peer during data delivery stops running;
2 7 is an explanatory view of a data distribution method in which a plurality placed proxy peer;
2 8 is an explanatory view of a plurality placement data distribution method proxy peer subsequent to FIG 7; FIG. 2 9 is an explanatory diagram of a method for high reliability of data updated by the proxy peer;
3 0 is an explanatory view of a Baketsuto disappearance Swapping occurring in the data transmission of the present invention; FIG. 3 1 is an explanatory view of a problem of the TCP communication;
3 2 this illustrates the data transmission method according to UD P communications and data modification by the invention; example transmission of 4 Pittode Isseki the data transmission method of FIG. 3 3 According to the present invention which utilizes a solution of simultaneous equations by Boolean algebra explanatory view showing taking in;
3 4 decoding processing according to the flow chart Figure 3 6 present invention encoding process of the present invention present invention intended for the general form Fomatsuto illustration Figure 3 5 8 Bittode Isseki of encoded data transmitted by the explanatory view of the outline of;
3 7 is a schematic view for illustrating a basic concept of decoding processing based on the transmitted code cade Isseki reception in FIG. 3 5; FIG. 3 8 triangulation process and the unit matrix based on the received Baketsuto in FIG 7 processing of the full Rocha Bok;
3 9 is a flow chart of the reverse matrix process in FIG 7;
4 0 is a flowchart of a data extraction process in FIG 7;
4 1 is an explanatory view of received data structures to be decoded by the present invention;
4 2 is a schematic view for illustrating a basic processing contents of FIG 8;
4 3 is an explanatory view of the upper triangular matrix K obtained by the process of FIG. 3 8;
Figure 4 4 ​​is a schematic view for illustrating a reception data obtained in the first Baketsuto received;
4 5 is an explanatory diagram of the receiving data obtained by the second Baketsuto received;
4 6 is a Isseki reception de obtained in the third Baketsuto reception illustration;
Figure 4-7 the received data obtained in the 7-th bucket Bok reception illustration;
4 8 is the reception data obtained in the eighth packet Bok reception illustration;
4 9 is an explanatory view of the upper triangular matrix obtained in the process of FIG 8;
5 0 is an explanatory diagram of a basic processing contents of the unit matrix according to FIG 9;
5 1 is an explanatory view of data upon the i = 6;
5 2 is an explanatory view of data during processing termination by i = 6;
5 3 illustrates the data at the processing end by i = 5;
5 4 is a schematic view for illustrating a process at the end of de Isseki by i = 0;
5 5 4 0 illustration of subject to unit matrix data already in the data extraction process;
5 6 illustrates the data taken out of the p portion of FIG 5;
Figure 5-7 illustrates that Baketsuto transmitted by dividing the coded data of the present invention; Figure 5-8 illustrates the data transmission method of the present invention in consideration of the Baketsuto loss rate; Figure 5 9 codes Cadet Isseki illustration of Day evening transmission method of the present invention to respond transmits a decoding completion signal every proc;
6 0 is an explanatory view of a data transmission method of the present invention to retransmit Baketsuto in response transmits a decoding failure signal;
6 1 is an explanatory view of a data transmission method of the present invention to reduce the number of retransmission packets according to response transmission of the decoding failure signal by buffering the received data; Figure 6. 2 can be data corrected without using a solution of simultaneous equations bEST mODE fOR CARRYING OUT tHE iNVENTION: illustration of a data transmission how the present invention
Figure 1 is an illustration of a peer-to-peer communique one Deployment system constructed by the present invention. In Figure 1, the peer 1 0 _ 1 to 1 0- 5 is constituted by an information processing apparatus such as a personal con Pew evening and P DA, and a suitable input device, output device and a communication device. The peer 1 0- 1-1 0- 4, § flop publication for performing is for example collaboration representative of Piatsupi § type communication is Insutoru. And now peer 1 0 0 it is assumed that carried out the data change for example, the input of the chat text in collaboration, dissemination of information from the peer 1 0 0 is carried out, according to the network communication protocol, such as I Internet, the content is delivered that. Peer 1 0 0 left this time, 1 0 1, 1 0 2 groups and right peer 1 0 3, 1 0 - 4, if 1 0 5 group transmission path is away, than it is distributed to each outgoing information from peer 1 0 0 direct peer 1 0- 1-1 0- 5, for example, after transferring to the peer 1 0 3 by the transfer 1 6 from peer 1 0 1 , those who perform the peer 1 0 4 1 0 delivery to 5 1 8, efficiency is good. So In the data distribution method of the present invention, as revealed in the following description, the each independently peer 1 0 1 to 1 0 _ 5, between the other peers as seen from their own form a group based on a comparison of the distance on the network, and to perform the delivery control for transmitting information to a representative peer group. The time on the peer-to-peer communication system of Figure 2 in a stopped state, such as is provided with the proxy peer 1 2, for example, peer 1 0 5 operating program or not power expired is not running, the peer 1 0- proxy peer 1 2 instead of 5 peer 1 0 - receiving information that a 5 destined then when starting the operation is turned to peer 1 0 5, stored in the proxy peer 1 2 sending information that was to peer 1 0 5, even whereby to peer operation stops, then, so that maintain data consistency (unique) upon activation. Figure 2 is an example peer 1 0 0 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a functional configuration. In Figure 2, the peer 1 0 0, peer application 2 0, the file storage unit 2 2, the data distribution unit 2 4, Ru data transmission unit 2-6 and the packet transmission unit 2 8 is provided. The peer application 2 0, for example, applique Shiyon for collaboration is used. In this case, the file storage unit 2 2 shared data by the collaboration is stored. The data delivery unit 2 4, group information creation unit 3 0, the function of the data transmitter unit 3 4 and the data relay unit 35 is provided. Group information creation unit 3 0, at the time via the network 4 0 upon receiving the connection of a new peer, that is, as viewed from the peer 1 0 _ 0 new peer has appeared, Pier 1 0 0 itself, the existing group delegate peer and based on a comparison of distance on the network between tripartite new peers, create group information 3 2 a new shelf peer were grouped in. De Isseki transmitting part 3 4, when the peer 1 0 _ 0 itself for transmitting a collaboration of data, based on the group information 3 2 that has been created by the group information creation section 3 0, peers 1 0 0 own create a route information registering destination information and peer 1 0 0 itself for each group viewed from, to delegate peer of each group, and transmits the destination information, route information and data as distribution information. Data relaying unit 35 relays the distribution information received from other peers. That is, when receiving the distribution information from other peers, if it contains the peer 1 0 0 itself to the destination information, deletes the Peer 1 0 0 itself from the destination information fetches the received de Isseki after generates distribution information registered destination information and own each group based on the group information 3 2, the delegate peer of each group, and transmits the destination information, route information and data as distribution information. The data transmission unit 2 6 encoded transmission section 3 6 and the receiver decoder 3 8 is provided. Data transmission unit 2 6 decodes the distribution information output from the data distribution unit 2 4, and transmits to the representative peer group of the destination via the network 4 0 by UD P Communication from Baketsuto transmitter 2 8. Receiving decoding unit 3 8 performs decoding to restore the distribution information from the received bucket Bok from other peers received by Baketsuto transmitter 2 8, and outputs the restored distribution information to the data distribution unit 2 4. Here, using the UD P communication as Baketsuto transmitter 2 8, whereas TCP communication requires an ACK received in response to each bucket bets, the UD P communication requires acknowledgment for each packet city ​​fraction is because it is high-speed transmission. On the other hand, since In the UD P communication receive no response is received for each Baketsuto, since an error occurs due to loss or put Kawari bucket Bok during transmission, in the present invention to correct this, It transmits the distribution information de Isseki modifiable way to encode and decode the Re this on the receiving side, so that even if loss or replacement of the bucket Bok not cause error scratch.
Peer of the present invention in FIG. 2 is realized by Hadue § resources of the computer as shown in Figure 3, for example. Figure In 3 of the computer, the bus 2 0 of CPU 200: ^ RAM 202, hard-disk controller (software) 204, furo Tsu Pyi disk dry Roh (soft) 2 10, CD- ROM driver (software) 2 14, a mouse controller 218, keyboard controller 222, Display Ikontoro one la 226, a communication board 230 is connected. Hard disk controller 204 is connected to the hard disk drive 206, the present invention is loaded with applique one sucrose emission program for executing the peer-to-peer data distribution system for collaboration, single Chillon by, required from the hard disk drive 206 when the computer starts call the programs, and expanded on the RAM202, executed by CPU 200. A floppy disk dry Bruno 2 10 is connected a floppy I disk drive (hard) 2 12, can read and write against the floppy disk (R). CD- For ROM driver 214 is connected CD drive (hardware) 216, you can write Mukoto read data and programs stored in CD. Mouse controller 218 transfers the inputting operation of the mouse 220 to CPU 200. Keyboard controller 222 transfers the inputting operation of the keyboard 224 to CPU 200. The display controller 226 performs display against the display unit 228. Communication board 230 using a communication line 232 including a wireless, and communicates with other peers via a network such as the Internet.
Next, a data delivery method according to peer grouping in the present invention. FIG. 4 (A) of the conventional 1: De Isseki delivery method according to n, shows the data distributing method according to the grouping of the present invention in FIG. 4 (B). Figure 4 Conventional 1 (A): the data distribution method of the n is the peer if P 0 is you send information to all other peers P 1 to P 10, the peer P 0 all other peers P forming a delivery route for each 1 to P 10 are delivering information. In contrast In the de Isseki delivery how the present invention in FIG. 4 (B), when transmitting information from a peer P 0, divided peer P 1 to P 10 as a destination in several groups, only to form a delivery route you deliver the information to the representative Pia of each group. From the group information created from the peer P0 to first transmit the information to look at other peers P 1 to P 1 0, group G 1 is formed by the peer P 1 to P 3, Group peer P 4~P 7 G 2 is formed, further the peer P 8~P 10 is group G 3 has been formed. Then, the group G1 has a delegate peer P 1, group G 2 is has a delegate peer P 4, the group G 3 and had a typical peer P 8. In this case, the peer P 0 is the group Gl, G2, 03 of representative Pia? 1, P4, and transmits the information to form a delivery route to P 8. Therefore in the conventional data delivery method in FIG. 4 (A), the source peer P0 is 1: 10 as was communication, in the data distribution method of the present invention in FIG. 4 (B) 1 : can be 3 becomes communication, transmits efficiently information from an originating peer P0. In this case, the representative peer PI, P4, P 8, which has received the information that originated from the peer P 0 is, each has a group information was grouped a look at the other pin § from itself to an independent, in accordance with the group information becomes to perform relay to transfer the received information to the representative peer Dar-loop, as shown in result from delegate peer PI, P 4, P8, representative of the group as viewed from the peer P 0 information to the peer other than the peer is to be delivered.
Figure 5 is a Ru illustration der group information 32 is the peer P 0 shown in FIG. 4 (B) it holds. The group information 32, the group name, composed of representatives Pia and belongs Pia. For example delegate peer group wherein G 1 is a peer P 1, peer P 2, P 3 belong in this group. If the peer P 0 is transmitting information to all of the peer P 1 to P 10 refers to the group information 32 in FIG. 5, the destination information separately peer as a destination for each group G. 1 to G 3 further select a representative peer of the group, will be performed the sending of information it as a destination.
Figure 6 is an example peer P 0 to P 5, Ru illustration der delivery route Bok method of determining a based on the group information when sending information from a peer P 0 to the remaining peers P. 1 to P 5. 6 (A) is a case that originated the data from a peer P 0 peer P 1 to P 5 as the destination. At this time the group information viewed from the peer P 0 is the group GO 0 Nomidea is, the representative peer peer assuming that a P 1, peer P0 destination peer P. 1 to respect the representative pin § P 1 group GO 0 to transmit the data to the P 5. 6 (B) is a case where peak § P 1 receives the data from the peer P 0, sending to other peers. Here the group information as seen from the peer P 1 is a group G 10 including a peer P 0, a group G 12 including the group Gl l, peer P 3 ~ P 5 including peer P 2, group G 10, Gi l , representative peer G 12 is assumed to be peers P0, P 2, P 3. Therefore peer P 1 is transmitting data to the group G 1 1 representative peer P 2 representative peer P 3 group G 12. Destination for delegate peer P 2 this time is only representative peer P 2. On the other hand, the destination for the delegate peer P 3 is 3 Tsuo含 no peers P 3 to P 5. Further since there is no peer P 0 of the group G 10 in the destination, de Isseki no outgoing. FIG. 6 (C) is a group information viewed from the peer P 3, a group G 31 including a peer P0～P 2, has a group G 30 including a peer P 3 to P 4. Peer P 3 which has received this was because data, since there is no group to be transferred more, to deliver data to the peer P 4, P 5 in the group G 30. The formation of the delivery route through the delegate peer three stages in FIG. 7 (A) (B) (C), delivered efficiently to other peers P 1 to P 5 of Isseki de peer P 0 is sent be able to.
Next, a method of creating the group information by grouping by the group information creation unit 30 of FIG. In the peer-to-peer communication system to which the present invention is directed, to a newly participating peer existing peer, rather than simultaneously connected, it is always connected with a time difference. Figure 7 shows the grouping of a method for determining the transmission path when a new peer is connected. First, in step S 1, attention to to peer P 0 has is connected to existing peer P 1, this therefore the existing peer P 1 group G 1 as viewed from the peer P 0 is formed, in this case , the transmission path is only one way. Next, when a new peer P 2 as in step S 2 is connected, attention peer P0, existing distance on the peer P 1 and between the three parties of the new peer P 2 network L 01, L 02, L 12 the calculated, comparing this to step S 3. Here, the distance of the network is that the response time and the line speed for the "PI NG", which means that you can fast to de transmission Isseki the "distance is short." The range in which the broadcast IP communication can reach may be judged as "distance is short." Note "PI NG" is Interview one tee utility programs available in the communication protocol of TCPZ IP network, and transmitting the I CMP EC_〇_H_〇 packets, to wait for a response, it displays the time required for the packet round-trip can. Result of comparison in step S 3,
If, the new peer P 2 as in step S 4 belongs to the group G 1 of the existing peer P 1, representative peer of the group to maintain a peer P 1. on the other hand
If, the new peer P 2, as in step S 5 belongs to the group G 1 of the existing peer P 1, in this case, the representative peer group alternates from the peer P 1 to the peer P 2. Further, in the case of non Step S 4 S 5, i.e.
L 12 Bruno L 01 and L 02 z L 12
The new peer P 2 as in step S 6 forms another new group G 2 is a peer P 1, a representative peer.
8, 9 and 10, as in step S 1, as viewed from the target peer P0 created delegate peer P 1 group G 1 and the representative peer group P 2 G 2 is already new in this state it is an explanatory view of a method of determining a transmission path by grouping if the peer P 3 appeared.
When a new peer P 3 in Step S 1 is appeared, among the representative pin § P l P 2 groups Gl G2, it compares the distance L 01 and the distance L 02 between the target peer P 0, close to the target pin § P0 square representative peer, in this case to select a representative peer P 1. Then, attention peer P 0, the distance on the Nettowa one click between the three parties of the existing representative peer P 1 and new peer P 3 L ^, L.3, the L 13 is compared in step S 2. By the comparison of this distance Ό
03> L 01> L 13
If, the new peer P 3, as in step S 3 belonging to the group G 1 of the existing peer P 1, delegate peer maintains peer P 1. On the other hand
L 01 zL 03 Bruno
In the case of the new peer P 3 as in step S 4 belongs to the same dull-loop Gl and existing peer P 1, delegate peer alternates from the peer P 1 to the new peer P 3. Further, when other than Step S 3 S 4, namely
L 13 Bruno L 03 and L 13 ^ L 01
Proceeds to FIG. 9, performs grouping between the delegate peer P 2 of the next closest group G 2 to the new peer P 3 at. As shown in step S 6 in this case, the new peer P 3, the distance L Q2 between the three parties, the L 3 L 23 calculated between the target peer P 0 and delegate peer P 2, compared at step S 7 to. Comparison of distance in step S 7
03> L 02> L 23
If the new peer P 3 as in step S 8 of FIG. 10 belongs to the group G 2 of the existing peer P 2, delegate peer maintains peer P 2. On the other hand
"° 02> L 03> L 23
In the case of the new peer P 3 as in step S 9 belong to the same dull-loop G 2 and the existing peer P 2, delegate peer alternates from the peer P 2 to the new peer P 3. Furthermore Step S 8, otherwise S 9, namely
L 23 z L 03 ana 23 z> 02
In the case of a new peer P 3, as in step S 10 forms another new group G 3, a representative peer.
1 1 and 12 are flowcharts of a group creation processing according to the group information creation unit 30 of FIG. First, there is a connection of attention peer P 0 pairs Shi first peer P 1 which is itself in step S 1, to set the representative peer P i to generate a new group. If there is a connection of the new peer Pn in step S 2 Then, select a representative peer P i of the group consisting of a minimum distance to the attention peer P 0 which is itself in step S 3, their own nest Tetsupu S 4 of attention peer P0, distance L. between the representative peer P i, and the new peer Pn You have to compare the L n L in. Then, when the conditions of the distance of the step S 5 are you satisfied, in step S 6, the new peer Pn belongs to the group of representative peer P i, representative peers to maintain the peer P i. If the distance condition of step S 5 is not satisfied, check the distance condition of the step S 7, and the distance condition is satisfied, the new peer Pn in step S 8 belongs to the group of representative peer P i, representative peer new to change to the peer Pn. On the other hand, if the condition of the distance step S 7 is not satisfied, 1 representative peer next closest group proceed to the second step S 9, it is checked whether or not there, when present Step S 1 0 repeats the processing from step S 4 to select the delegate peer. The procedure proceeds to step S 1 1 if it does not exist, to generate a new group to the new peer P n, is set to a representative peer, again returns to the step S 2, wait for the connection of the next new peer.
1 3, Ru illustration der for causing recalculation of forcibly grouped to trouble arising in the dynamic group creation in accordance with the flowchart of FIG. 1 and FIG 2. How to perform group creation process finds a transmission path by determining a representative peer every time 1 1 and the new peer as group creation process in FIG 2 appears are able to find a transmission path at high speed but has the advantage, go-between by the connection order of peer there is a case in which necessarily not be the best route. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 3 (A), a new peer P 3 in a state in which the group G 2 of the representative and the group G 1 of the representative peer P 1 as viewed from the target peer P 0 to be with their own peer P 2 has been created If you appear, because this new not peer P 3 is the grouping is initiated a representative peer P 1, short representative peer P 1 of the distance to the attention peer P 0 is himself one of the P 2 as an existing peer, It would enter the group G 1. While force ^, and new peer P 3 is in the in distance close to the group G 2, is a natural person belonging to the group G 2. Therefore as shown in Fig. 1 3 (B), it is necessary to process of moving to the group G 1, which can take an optimum path P 3 after once grouped is performed. In the present invention therefore, a method by leaving from the group regularly belonged current for any peer, again, to perform the reprocessing of classification groups in accordance with the flowchart of FIG. 1 and FIG 2 Is required. Selection of peer to be reprocessed in the reprocessing of this grouping is a method selected using the random number For example, a method of peer detects that himself has moved to seek reprocessing the total peak § such as are available.
Further the flow chart of FIG. 1 1 and 1 2 is the peer has been made in grouping when connected to participate in the system, the peer may also be cut to escape from the system. The thus peer is disconnected to the system may be simply deleted from the group information if a group representatives. In the case peer cut contrast was representative group, since the group representative disappears, release all peers belonging to that group from the group, the open peer 1 1 及 beauty as a peer that has been newly connected in the group creation process shown in FIG. 1 2, and the group creation process belongs to which group. As the corresponding cleavage peers cases were representative peer, the method may take such that upgrade the peers in the group distance on the network is close to the new delegate peer to delegate peer to delete.
Next, a distribution information used in the data transmitting unit 3 4 and des Isseki relay unit 35 of FIG. 2, a data delivery based thereon will be described. 1 4 is an explanatory diagram of a data distribution method using the distribution information according to the present invention. In FIG. 1 4, a peer P 0 is the source of information, a case that sent the information to all peers P 1 to P 8 as the destination. Distribution information of the peer P 0 as the origin at this time is as shown in the distribution information 4 0 0 in FIG 5. Information 4 0 0 This is the destination information 4 4, that contains the path information 4 6, and data 4 8. Destination peer P 1 to P 8 is stored in the destination information 4 4. The route information 4 6, peer P 0 is stored is outbound from. Delivery information 4 0 0 from the peer P 0, peer P l as shown in Fig. 1 4, when the data delivery is performed to the P 2, P 3, the peer P 3 is receiving the distribution information 4 2- 1 and also the distribution information 4 2 for peer P 3 is delivered to the delegate peer P 4, P 7 group G 1, G 2 - creating a 3 - 2, 4 2. That is, the distribution information 4 2 _ 1 peer P 3 receives the destination information 4 4 has a P 3 to P 8, and has a peer P 0 to P 2 which via route information 4 6 already. The peer P 3 Karagu delivery information 4 2 2 the representative peer P 4 loops G 1, based on the group information held by the peer P 3, the destination information 4 2 receives - peer P 3 itself from among 1 to target the deleted destination information, to set up and remove the peer P 4~P 6. The route information 4 6 new peer P 3 in addition to P 1 to P 2 passed through until then. Meanwhile, the distribution information 4 2- 3 the representative peer P 7 group G 2 is, with sets peer P 7, P 8 Group G 2, the path information 4 6, peer P 0 to P passed through until then It is added a new valley peer P 3 to 2.
Next will be described the need for routing information contained in the distribution information of the present invention. 1 6 represents a problem when no routing information in the distribution information. 1 6, as in the central areas of the network 4 5, there is a peer P 1 to P 5, peer P 1 to P 4 delivery route 4 5 _ :! You and had done the grouping such as that shown in to 4 5 _ 4. That ', peer P 1 by the distribution route 45- 1 form a group G5 peer P 3 to P 5, distributes Isseki de representative peer P 3. The pin § P 2 by the distribution route 45- 2 forms a peer P 3, Group G 2 at P 4, P 5, distributes Isseki de representative peer P 3. The peer P 3 by the distribution route 45- 3 forms a group G3 peer P 1, P 4, P 5, delivers the data to the representative peer P 4. Furthermore Delivery Route 45 - 4 by the peer P4 form a group G 4 with peer P 1, P 2, P 5, distributes Isseki de representative peer P 1. Transfer its root in each such peer P 1 to P 4 45- :! By the formation of ~ 45-4, in case you do not have a route information if the peer PI, each other to deliver information between P 2, P 3, P 4, even go a reach to the peer P 5 forever Conceivable. In this case, although it is also a problem that does not reach the information to a peer P 5, next to further peer P l, P 2, P 3, and this that would repeat data distribution permanently between the P 4, load on the peer resulting in summer very large. Such definitive problems 1 5 may be eliminated by giving the routing information in the distribution information. In other words, the delivery route 45- :! Peer P 1 in the order of ~ 45- 4, P 2, P 3, when the P 4 and the data distribution is performed, the peer P 1, P 2, P 3 as route information at the stage of transfer route 45- 4, P4 It has been made, since the remaining in this state is only peer P 5 of the destination information, the last remaining de Isseki delivered to the destination P 5 becomes possible.
Figure 1 7 is a data evening delivery method according to different destination information for the same peer P 0 to P 8 and FIG 5. In this example, distribution information 42 1 1 destination information peer P 3 is received by a peer P 3, P 5, P 6, P 8, the peer P4, P 7 are missing, when looking at route information peer P 7 it can be seen that done so already delivered. Therefore, since it is representative peer group G 2 when viewed from the peer P 3 is a representative peer P 7, which can be seen from the route information 46 is data distribution to delegate peer P 7 which is already completed, the distribution information 42 one the destination information 44 and the peer P 8 as 31, directly to the peer P 8 including peer P 3 to the route information, and distributes the information. The delegate peer data delivery to P 4 is the destination information 44 and the peer P 5, P 6 as the distribution information 42 21, peer P 5 via the delegate peer P 4, including peer P 3 on the route information 46, to deliver the information to P 6.
Figure 18 is a flow chart of a data transmission processing by the de Isseki transmitting unit 34 of FIG. The data transmission processing is to specify the destination peer in step S 1, in step S 2, based on their group information, Dar grouped the specified destination peer - to generate destination information for each flop. After themselves to register the route information in step S 3 Subsequently, the destination information created for each group representative peer group in step S 4, distributes the distribution information obtained by adding routing information and data.
Figure 1 9 is a flowchart of a data relay process performed by the data relay unit 35 of FIG. The de Isseki relay processing, the destination information from another peer in the step S 1, when receiving the routing information and data, whether Choi Kkushi they exist in the destination information in step S 2, if present, in capturing the received data step S 3 remove yourself from the destination information. If they exist in the destination information in step S 2, the incorporation of the received data in step S 3 is not performed. Then after it registers itself in the path information in step S 4, the destination peer and group divided on the basis of the group information held in 启分 at step S 5, to create the destination information of each group. Then, it delivers the destination information, route information and data in step S 6 to the representative peer group. Of course, if the representative peer group is already delivered in step S 6, it will be delivered directly to the destination and ing peers that group.
Next, the proxy peer used in the peer-to-peer communique one Deployment system to which the present invention is applied. 2 0 is a data sharing method in collaborations child Yung when the proxy peer does not exist. First, as shown in FIG. 2 0 (A), the peer 1 0 1 and Peer 1 0 2 shared data 5 2 consisting of such as text files - 1, 5 2 - and 2 had held respectively. In this state, fit "D" the cursor in the shared data 5 2 1 in a peer 1 0 1, and a key input 5 4 as shown in FIG. 2 0 (B) as "backspace key (hereinafter" BS " ) "after operating the, by operating the keys of the" C ", and was inserted to" C "in front of the cursor shared data 5 2 1. When the update operation of the shared data 5 2 1 in such a peer 1 0 1 is performed, the update data 5 5 from the peer 1 0 1 is sent to the peer 1 0 2, the update data 5 5 keystrokes force 5 4 as a key control data BS keys and C key performed, operations that "C" is inserted before the cursor shared data 5 2 2 in pin § 1 0 2 receives this It is carried out, and the uniformity of the peer 1 0 1, 1 0 shared data 5 2 1 2, 5 2 2 is ensured. However, as shown in FIG. 2 0 (C), when the key input 5 4 to operate the C key after the BS key peer 1 0 1 is performed, the peer 1 0 2 is stopped by the power-off If not, even We rows updated shared data 5 2 _ 1 in a peer 1 0 1, shared data 5 2 2 peers 1 0 2 which is stopped is not updated. Therefore, as in FIG. 2 0 (D), when the peer 1 0 2 participated in Koraporesho down to start then shared de Isseki from the shared data 5 2 1 peer 1 0 1 owns 5 2 1 by overwriting the shared data 5 2 _ 2 receives shared data transfer 5 7 get all retains uniformity. Of course, it may be subjected to Oh Ru update data in the key control data indicating the details of the operation of the key input 5 4 from peer 1 0 1 when peer 1 0 2 is started in FIG. 2 0 (D), If the peer number number and each peer of such repeat the connection and disconnection, realistic unless be processed trees distance on the network closer to determine whether all peers have received the extent to update data is not. Here as in Fig. 1 9 (D), when the peer 1 0 2 was stopped by the power-off is activated, receives the shared data 5 2 1 from pin § 1 0 _ 1 holds the time how to override the own shared data 5 2 2 has the following problems.
(1) If the collaboration of data has been greatly summer, take the time to that it will receive the data.
(2) when the peer 1 0 2 to participate in the collaboration, peer 1 0 - 1 must not participate in the Kola Boreshiyon.
In the present invention therefore, Fig. 1, as shown in FIG. 2, the proxy peer 1 2 in the peer-to-peer communique one Chillon system provided, while a particular peer is stopped by the power-off, the proxy peer 1 2 There receiving and accumulating transfer information from other peers, when the peer was stopped Ri by the power failure has been joined by the power supply is turned on, to update the shared data and send the data accumulated from the proxy peer 1 2.
Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of a processing method of the proxy peer in the present invention. In FIG. 2 1 (A), the peer 1 0 1, peer 1 0 2 is provided with a proxy peer 1 2 to, in a state where the peer 1 0 2 becomes power-off, the peer 1 0 1 Following BS key and key input 5 4 press the C key is performed in. In this case, the update data 5 5 from peer 1 0 1 to the peer 1 0 2 is delivered to the proxy peer 1 2, the file 5 6 in the update data 5 5 is buffered. Peer After that, as shown in FIG. 2 1 (B), to launch the peer 1 0 2 to the power supply is placed, in the case which has been participating in the collaboration, the proxy peer 1 2 is buffered in the file 5 6 update de Isseki 5 5 from 1 0 1 sends to the peer 1 0 2 was started, and updates the shared de Isseki 5 2 2 by the update data 5 5. This Yotsute can ensure shared data 5 2 2 uniformity of a peer 1 0 1 shared de Isseki 5 2 1 Peer 1 0 2 paused by the power-off.
2 2 is a block diagram of the proxy peer 1 2 of the functional configuration for use in the present invention. Agency Peer 1 2 are that proxy processor 5 0 is provided are different from the peer 1 0 0 2, the proxy processor 5 0 is provided surrogate request source information 5 1 there. Proxy request registration of peer to perform the proxy is based on information 5 1 has been carried out. Peer to perform proxy is basically the one peer, a plurality of peers to reveal explained hereinlater may be registered on behalf requester. Other data distribution unit 2 4, the configuration and function of the data transmission unit 2-6 and the Baketsuto transmitter 2 8 is the same as the embodiment of FIG. Figure 2 3 is a flowchart of a proxy process of the proxy peer 1 2 of Figure 2 2. After registering the proxy request based on peer Mazusu Tetsupu S 1, the proxy requesting peer in step S 2 is checking whether or not operating. Or the proxy requesting peer recognizes that not operating due power-off, when receiving the distribution information from other peers in the step S 3, there is a proxy request source in the received destination information and whether the step S 4 in Ji Wekku, if present for storing received data in step S 5. Then after you remove the proxy request based on peer from the destination information in the stearyl-up S 6 and, if there remains a destination peer to the destination information in step S 7, delivered according to the proxy requesting source of group information in step S 8 processing I do. Without destination peer in the destination information, information delivery is not performed for the delegate peer delivery process i.e. another group according to the group information in step S 8. Then the proxy requesting peer in step S 9 and checks whether or not to start the operation, if not the start of the operation, and repeats the process from step S 3. When the proxy requesting peer in step S 9 to determine that it has started the operation, steps S 1 viewed 0 binary writes the data have accumulated is transferred to the proxy requesting peer. 2 4 shows another embodiment of a processing method according to the proxy peer in the present invention, in the embodiment of this, holds a shared data on behalf peers updates the shared data by the update data, the proxy It characterized in that it has to send the request source. Figure 2 4
(A) is the proxy peer 1 2 is provided to peer 1 0 1, 1 0 2, peer 1 0 2 is stopped in the power-off. In this case, the proxy peer 1 2 have the same shared data 5 6 and shared de one evening 5 2 1 of the peer 1 0 - 1, when the operation such as a key input in a peer 1 0 _ 1 is carried out, this update data 5 5 due to be delivered to the proxy peer 1 2, is carried out to update the shared data 5 2 3 based on the updated data 5 5. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2 4
(B) as in, the peer 1 0 and 2 come to participate in the collaboration started, the proxy peer 1 2 is a shared de Isseki 5 6 that is their own holdings, the peer 1 0 2 you start send it to, by overwriting a shared de Isseki 5 2 2 in the meantime, to ensure the uniformity of the shared data. This time peer 1 0 1 is stopped by the power-off, and thus, updates the shared data 5 6 representative peer 1 2 receives the Isseki update de in a peer 1 0 2 for later , when the peer 1 0 _ 1 is activated, it will be overwritten by sending a shared data 5 6 in the same manner. Proxy Peer 1 2 in FIG. 2 4 shared de - data sharing method for overwriting sent to peers started holds data after a power failure, the proxy to the peer 1 0 1, 1 0 2 peer 1 2 is suitable when there closer look distance or al of the network. If the distance on the network far Conversely, by bus Ffaringu behalf peer update data representing the contents of the key input as shown in FIG. 2 1, de Isseki sharing method for transferring the peer that started suitable ing.
2 5 is another embodiment of a data sharing method according to the proxy peer of the present invention, in the embodiment of this and characterized in that to perform the proxy of the plurality of peers in a single proxy peer to. In the FIG. 2 5 (A), the proxy peer 1 2 is on behalf of the peer 1 0 _ 1 to 1 0 5, only this one peer 1 0 1 is operating, the peer 1 0- 2-1 0 _ 5 is stopped by such power-off. Therefore, update data 5 5 co Yude Isseki is sent to the proxy peer 1 2 in a peer 1 0- 1, are Bruno Ffaringu. FIG 2 5 (B) is a state in which the peer 1 0 3 that has been stopped participating in a collaboration started, the update data proxy peer 1 2 were buffered to peer 1 0 3 was started 5 5 sends, and updates the shared data peer 1 0 3. Here behalf peer of the present invention may be a proxy peer of each group as a deliberately surrogate peers in data distribution method according to the grouping. The reason for this is that, in general personal computer to be used as a proxy peer Ri you using and re-using what was summer long, often there is no work to be in the other, further proxy peer is good at the network environment there is a high possibility to be installed in. With typical peer Therefore intentionally groups proxy peer, it also serves as a representative peer concentration is expected load peer-to-peer data distribution in the proxy peer, is selected as the representative peers in normal peer bear can be reduced due to the fact was. As a method for the delegate peer group surrogate peer group proxy peer method to representative group unconditionally, or a minus offset distance on the network proxy pin §, when measuring the distance on the network it is possible to take a method in which the proxy peer is selected inevitably as a representative. Method of applying an offset to the distance of the proxy peer, for example, when the proxy peer poor location of network environments have been installed, by attaching the offset For positive to this agent peer, the proxy peer conversely it is also possible not to be selected.
Figure 2 6 shows a problem that even provided a proxy peer peer-to-peer communication system can not guarantee uniformity of the shared data for each peer. FIG 2 6 (A) is the proxy peer 1 2 is provided to peer 1 0 1, 1 0 2, peer 1 0 2 is stopped in the power-off. Bucks base to peer 1 0 1 as a key input 5 4 1 in this state - the operation of the ski is performed, update data 5 5 1 is sent to the proxy peer 1 2, buffer full aisle 5 6 _ 1 It is ring. Next, as in FIG. 2 6 (B), at the timing when the operation of the C key is performed as a key input 5 4 2, the proxy peer 1 2 is stopped due mainly power-off, the key input 5 4-2 file 5 6 update data associated with - and can not be buffering to 1. Stopping such proxy peer 1 2 may occur due incommunicable or power failure due Lou evening failure in Nettowa click. After such proxy peer 1 2 is stopped, the proxy pin if § 1 2 and peers 1 0 2 is started, the buffering from the file 5 6 1 of the proxy peer 1 2 as shown in FIG. 2 6 (C) only it has updated data 5 5 1 with, i.e. 2 6 peer 1 0 (a) - only the updated data corresponding to the key input 5 4 1 in 1, the shared data is sent to the peer 1 0 2 5 2 2 the updated, 2 6 for Ban intends update de Isseki the key input 5 4- 2 (B) is missing, the shared data 5 2 _ 1 and the peer of the peer 1 0 1 shared data 5 2 2 1 0 2 becomes a mismatch. To avoid mismatches shared data at stop by such communications impossible or power failure of the proxy peer, the present invention near connexion is provided with a plurality of proxy peers as in FIG. 2 7 and 2 8.
FIG 2 7 (A) is provided with a peer 1 0 1, 1 0 2 with respect to the two proxy peer 1 2 1, 1 2 _ 2. In this case, the peer 1 0 _ 2 is stopped by the power-off, peak § 1 0 2 update data 5 5 from peer 1 0 1 for - 1 off aisle 5 6 1 peers 1 2 1 It has been buffered to. When the proxy peer 1 2-1 as shown in FIG. 2 7 (B) in this state is stopped by the power-off, the new data 5 5 _ 2 further by key input 5 4 2 sent to the proxy peer 1 2 2 It is is buffering ring to file 5 6 2. Thereafter, the proxy peer 1 2 _ 1 as shown in FIG. 2 8 (C), when a peer 1 0 2 is started when the power source is turned on, from the proxy peer 1 2 1 corresponding to the key input 5 4 1 update data 5 5 1 is sent to the peer 1 0 2, also the proxy peer 1 2 2 or we update de Isseki 5 5 2 corresponding to the key input 5 4 2 sent to the peer 1 0 2 is, shared data 5 2 2 peers 1 0 2 is updated successfully, it is possible to match the shared de one evening 5 2 1 peers 1 0 1. This as a data sharing method that by the proxy peer in the present invention is in addition, it is possible to take a method such as listed below.
(1) 2 7 and FIG proxy Peer 1 2 1 2 8 1 2 - 2 Send update data 5 5 - 1, 5 5 2 by adding the update time in each peer 1 0- to facilitate the merging of de in 2 Isseki.
(2) If you are a plurality of proxy peers, for all the proxy peer sending the update data.
(3) Some stops of the plurality of proxy peers, then, when activated, performs communication between each Agency peer exchanges update data to each other, all of the proxy peer to have the same update data.
(4) a plurality of proxy peers to have the shared data instead of the update de Isseki. 2 9 is an explanatory diagram of a data sharing method for maintaining shared data coherency between each peer without providing a plurality of proxy peers. FIG 2 9 (A), similar to FIG. 2 6 (C), a state that started after reaching the proxy peer 1 2 powered down it earlier, the update data stored in the proxy pin § 1 2 5 5 1 sent to the peer 1 0 _ 2 is a state in which you update the shared data 5 2 2. However, the proxy peer 1 2 this time because it does not have the update data of the key input 5 4 2 of FIG. 2 6 (B), the shared data 5 2 1 peers 1 0 1 and Peer 1 0 2 sharing de Isseki 5 2 2 of that has become a mismatch. Therefore as shown in FIG. 2 9 (B), the peer 1 0 _ 1 and Peer 1 0 checksum 5 8-1 shared data evening 5 2 _ 1 between 2 and Peer 1 0 2 shared data 5 2 checksum comparison 6 0 of comparing one second checksum 5 8 2 recognizes the checksum mismatch, shared from the peer 1 0 1 as shown in FIG 2 9 (C) data 5 2 1 the sent to the peer 1 0 2 to overwrite the shared de Isseki 5 2 2. Here Checksum 5 8 - 1, 5 8 _ 2 itself data typically a few bytes to several tens of bytes, small to each stage as compared to the comparison of the shared de one evening itself, matching of the shared data, a mismatch load order to determine is sufficiently small. Ri by the verification of the shared data by the comparison of the checksum, can be reliably without providing a plurality of proxy peers to ensure uniformity of the shared data at each peer.
(High-speed data transmission method)
Next will be described a method for high-speed data communication by Peer 1 0 0 data transmitter 2 6 provided on the encoded transmission section 3 6 and the receiver decoder 3 8 of FIG. 3 0 is a schematic of a conventional network communication (IP communication), from the peer 1 0 1 Peer 1 0 - is performing data transfer 2. In this data transfer, the data is transmitted by subdivided into smaller units called normal 1 5 0 0 bytes extent of Baketsuto 6 2. However the nature of the network, in the transfer path, Ri happened disappeared 6 4 that packets are lost, there may be the Swapping 6 6 the order of the packets is changed occurs. In the network communication (IP communication), and UDP communications to allow loss or Swapping of such packets, two types of TCP communication that performs retransmission when missed bucket Bok numbered bucket Bok there is. Communication reliability and data transfer is required it is common to perform TCP communication. However, since the TCP communication has ensure the reliability of the data, the distance on the network de a round trip time Isseki RTT (Ro und T i me T rip) increases leaves, the effective communication speed there is a problem that that a small.
Figure 3 1 (A) is a TCP communication, the receiving side transmits the packet from the sender returns an acknowledgment signal called ACK. If the sender confirms that the packet has arrived by the reception acknowledgment signal ACK, it transmits the next packet. When a packet is deleted extinguishing prematurely retransmits the same Baketsuto a period of time for acknowledgment signal ACK is not returned. For this reason TCP communication, FIG 3 1 (B) when the RTT is ing large dead time is generated as the effective speed drop to a constant line speed, not fully utilized sufficiently the inherent speed with the line . V EGAS and Re no called Le one protocol between TCP time in order to solve such a problem is Ken'an.
According to the invention, therefore, is to allow error correction at the receiving side by to adopt the Baketsuto transfer by UDP communications as shown in FIG. 3 2 and sends the coded data on the transmission side. In the FIG. 32, and reference numeral inhibit the sending peer 1 0 signal unit 36 ​​sending the encoded original data 7 2 1, is transferred as a packet 62 to the transmission path 70. In the receiving peer 1 0 2 can obtain the recovered data 74 by also errors one modified had lost 64 and Swapping 66 packet in the transmission path I 0 by the receiving decoder 3 8. This ensures the reliability of the data by the error correction with respect to e and Baketsuto disappearance Ya replacement performs high-speed communication by Yotsute UDP communication can be decoded in by encoding receiver on the transmitting side.
Figure 3 3 shows the principle of high-speed and reliable data communication method according to the invention as an example the transfer of m = 4 bi Ttode Isseki. Data transmission method according to the present invention is based on a solution of simultaneous equations with Boolean algebra. The original data 7 2 to be transferred now m-bit data; When (b 0, b 1 b 2 , b 3), the data string K in n sequences at the appropriate m bits, as im (Κ η0, Κ η 1 , Κ .eta.2, n simultaneous equations using the kappa .eta.3) nU + n π1 + b 2 k "2 + b 3 k n3 = p solutions of n (I) Ρ η = Ρ 0, Ρχ, seek P 2, Pg Pn. However n = 0, 1, a 2 .... become m or more integers. Then successive transmissions of a set of solutions p [pi data string K nm simultaneous equations as packets Kp. that, eta number of packets Κρ = (Κ.ρ 0, Κ χ Ρ χ, Κ 2 ρ 2 ··· Κ η ρ 3) transmits a. in the receiving side (1) packet Κρ = (Κ received in expression. ρ 0, Κ ^ ρ have Κ 2 ρ 2 ~Κ η ρ 3 of m bits obtained from) de Isseki column K nm = (k n0) k n have k n2, k n3) and de p n = ( o. Pi, by solving by substituting the simultaneous equations P 2, P 3), the original data of m bits (b., to restore bj, the b 2, b 3) . In the example of FIG. 31, a case of transmitting binary data evening 0101 m bits as the original data 72. As the time data string kappa [pi
k. = 1001
k 2 = 1100
k 3 = 0101
k 4 = 1011
The defines. Then the original data 72 Beauty data string kappa [pi (1) by substituting the simultaneous equations of expression, executes an encoding process 75. The encoding process 75 solution [rho eta = the sum of the logical seat each term (Ρ., Ρ !, Ρ 2 , Ρ 3, Ρ 4) Request. A set of data strings kappa eta and code Kasho solution [rho eta obtained in sense 756 as shown by the encoding determining the solutions of the simultaneous equations to the transmission path 70, respectively packets kappa :. p. , P!, K 2 p 2 , Κ 3 ρ 3, and kappa 4 [rho 4, to transfer five packets to the receiving peer 10-2. The heat transmission e.g. first and second bucket Bok to Swapping 66 in the path 70 is generated, and or fourth bucket Bok became lost 64. In the receiving peer 10 2, receives packets K. p. , K l P Medical kappa 2 [rho 2, and Κ 3 Ρ 3. Κ 4 ρ 4 de valid data bit corresponding to bit 1 of the Isseki column kappa eta, to erase the data bits Bok corresponding to the bit 0 the decoding process 76 to solve generates the simultaneous equations performed. Then, by solving the four simultaneous equations created by the decrypt process 76, 4 Bittode Isseki (b 0, b 1; 2 > b 3) to obtain a = restore data 74 to (0101) it can. Here after encoding process 75 to become (1) computing the logical product of the bit bn and a data row Kn In Boolean algebra of equations (an, d) in the sending peer 10 1, the number of 1 counting, that is already just by looking at the parity bit Mutame, it can be solved very quickly by a computer. Also process solving the simultaneous equations in receiving peer 10-2, it can be solved at high speed by using an exclusive OR (Xo r). The encoding process 75 and decryption process 7 6 in the present invention can be realized easily by hardware in the electronic circuit in addition to the program processing of a computer. Examples of far, but been filed but taking as an example the less data that 4-bit data for clarity of explanation, 8 bits in general the number of bits reliable as evening computer, 16-bit, 32-bit, 64 use the bit Iteori, where this is m bits. Also it is possible to use the integer j was Although proper use solutions [rho eta of simultaneous equations 1 pitch Bok to de Isseki column K n of m bits in the transfer packet. In this case, de-Isseki amount that can be transferred becomes (jm) bits. In this case, (1) is modified as follows.
I (- 1) "() + I (zone -l) m + l rtl + Figure 34 is a form of data bucket Bok sent in the data transmission method of the present invention. That one data buckets DOO has a combination of solutions [rho eta determined by the child substituting this and de Isseki column kappa [pi to simultaneous equations.
Figure 35 is a flowchart of the code Kasho management by> encoded transmission section 36 provided to the de Isseki transmission unit 26 of FIG. The encoded transmission until end condition is satisfied, generates an kappa, make coded data based on the kappa, is to send to the other party.
Figure 36 is a summary of the encoding process. First delimiting the original data every 8 bits (1 byte), takes the generated data sequence Κ logical product. 0 If the number of the first logical product taken is even, arranged 1 if an odd number in order to encode strings [rho, it that served with Κ is transmit data Xi (transmission Baketsuto) Κρ.
Therefore the encoding process in the flowchart of FIG. 35, 16 bytes of de Isseki
08 09 0 a O b 0 c 0 d 0 e O f) will be described as an example in which encode.
(1) First process start step S 1～S3 immediately is initialized task. Where the data string K for explanation is that it was 55 (01010101 in binary).
(2) Step S 4 is also part of the initialization process. This is when the number of 1 is an even number at step S 7, Ru der only done here to avoid having to substitute 0.
(3) Step S 5 is the check data amount. The amount of data Ri 16 bytes der goes to Step S 6 since i also 1 nor 0 current.
(4) Step S 6 takes a logical product of the data string K and de Isseki, and assigned to the variable a. Currently, an 8 i + 1 = 0, D [0] (0-th data of the data) is 0
0 So, it becomes a = 55 and D [00] = 00.
(5) Step S 7 counts the number of first logical product of a. The number of logical 0 0 1 the current a is 0, i.e., even number proceeds to step S 9.
(6) Step S 9, S 10 are investigating whether less than 8 by adding 1 to 1. More this, 1 becomes 1, the flow returns to step S 5 so less than 8.
(7) becomes the following step in S 6 a = K and D [1] = 55 and 01 = 01. This is the number of 1 in 00000001 in binary proceeds to step S 8 so odd.
(8) ">>" in the step S 8 is a representation of the C language, is a right shift instruction. Specifically, the right shift 80 (10000000 in binary) in hexadecimal. Currently 1 1, so right-shifted once, the (4 0 hexadecimal) 01000000 in binary. Although adding it to p [i], the current step S 1 i is 0, since 0 p [0] is also in step S 4, becomes p [0] = 40.
(9) loops around in steps S 5~S 10, 1 = 7 since in the coming to step S 9 (the current p [0] in binary 01011010,
In hexadecimal it has become 5 a). In step S 9 1 proceeds to step S 1 1 to become 8, i becomes 1, the process proceeds to step S3.
(10) 1 in step S3, 54 is 0, p [1] also becomes 0.
(1 1) Currently, i = for l, 1 = 0, de Isseki of check at step S 5 also passes, a = K an d D [8 Step S 6] = 55 an d D the [8] = 00.
(12) The number of 1 without passing through Step S 8 so even, it remains p [1] = 00.
(13) Similarly Repeating the loop of steps S 5~S 10, eventually becomes p [1] = 5 a.
(14) come to this step, Ri embarking Hikitsu to check the data amount in step S 5, the (1) from K = 55, the (9) than ρ [0] = 5 a, the (13) Ri p [1] = 5 a, so, to send a packet "55 5 a 5 a" from the step S 12.
(15) If then also not satisfied in the end condition in Step S 13, and initialized in step S 1, to generate a new data string K, intends rows encoded using that de Isseki column K.
Figure 37 is an explanatory diagram of the decoding process by receiving the decoding unit 38 of FIG. Oite decoding process in FIG. 37 executes a upper triangular Kasho management 78- 1 and the unit matrix processing 78- 2 for K portions of the while receiving the received Baketsuto. Matrix processing 78- 2, bit 1 in the diagonal direction for the portion of the K in a matrix arrangement treated upper triangulation is parallel beauty, except it is a process that all 0, the unit associated to the reception of the received packet matrix in the process 78-2 for the direction of the processing that is Baketsuto receiving order, to the sequence of bit Bok position as a unit matrix, performing a unit matrix of all the lower-left width 0. When the unit matrix processing 78- 2 requires only performs unit matrix 80 in the opposite direction. Portion of the data sequence K of ie a matrix arrangement performs a reverse unit matrix processing for all the upper half right diagonal 0 for. To where the unit matrix processing 78- 2 and reverse matrix process 80 unit matrix position where the bit positions in the target row for each data train K Q ~ k 3 at each position, than performing exclusive OR calculations also involve the replacement of the row positioned on the lower side so that the previous bit I 0. This along with the exchange and the exclusive OR calculation in the portion of the data string K, the calculation of replacement and exclusive similarly performed also for the part of the solution P that follow. This performs de Isseki extraction processing 82 when unit matrix is ​​completed in the. Since the data bits I exist already restored P portion of the data extraction processing 82 unit matrix, if simply solved this de one evening D "0", the extraction process of cutting out a D "1" Become.
Figure 38, Figure 39, Figure 40, Ru flowchart der the reception decoding process of the present invention. Decoding of the present invention, the process to obtain the upper triangular matrix data string K while receiving a packet in Figure 38, the process of obtaining a unit matrix X in FIG. 39, the three processes to obtain Isseki decoding data of FIG. 40 It is divided.
Figure 41 is a data structure of reception data R [eta] obtained on the receiving side of the packet Kp, currently receiving 4 reception data R [0] of the packet of to R [3]. In here, X shows that it may be 0 even 1. Such packets Kp Isseki reception de from entering R [eta] a to 8 prepared.
In the process of the flowchart of FIG. 38, while receiving the packet, the portion of Κ of each received data, so that the possible upper triangular matrix, i.e. as shown in Figure 41, the Κ of R [0] 7 bit is 1, R [1] 6 bit in Κ has 7 bit 0 of 1, the Κ of R [2] 7, 6 bit is treated as the 5 bit becomes 0 at 0 . It shows an outline of the process in Figure 42. Figure 42, after the is received 0-3 th received by the packet data R [0] ~R [3], a new state of the fifth received by the packet of transmit data R [5] was received.
First, as shown in FIG. 42 (A), with bit 0 should be 1 in the received previously received data R [0] to R [3], and a new reception de Isseki R [4] when the corresponding bit is 1, replace both. That is, the reception data R [1] in a received previously received data R [0] ~ R [3] is 6 bit should be 1 0, and a new reception data R [4] 6th bit time of 1, replace both. Also as shown in FIG. 42 (B), if the bit should be 0 out of new reception data R [4], is 7 to 4 bit because it is immediate Chi fifth Baketsuto was 1, there 1 is a packet, for example, 7 bit is exclusively ORs (Xo r) of the received data R [0] is 1, erase 1 as the reception data R '[4]. Such a treatment K as finally Figure 43 to generate a de-Isseki column became upper triangular matrix. Therefore Describing the process in the flowchart of FIG. 38, as follows.
(1) Immediately after the start of processing, a variable i that is holding already number data received after initialized at step SI, receives a reception packet Kp. It is assumed that received the 55 5 a 5 a.
(2) After 1 to 0 in step S3, the process proceeds to step S 4. Currently, 1 since even 1 = 0 is not satisfied condition, the flow proceeds to step S 11.
(3) Step S 1 1, it proceeds to step S 12, the received bucket I is assigned to receive de Isseki R [0], will i forces i = 1. Since step in S 13 i is an 8 or less returns to step S 2. Current data is as shown in Figure 44.
(4) followed by that it has received the aa 33 cc in step S 2. Since at Step 34 1 = 0 is less than 1 = 1 goes to step S 5.
(5) a at step S 5 is in hexadecimal 80 (10000000 in binary). Meanwhile, K is so 10101010 in hexadecimal aa, 2 binary, calculate (a and K) is not 10000000 next 0 in step S 6. There proceeds to step S 7.
(6) receiving data R [0] at this stage is 55 5 a 5 a, elements R [0] and K of the received data R [0]. Since K is 55, the calculation of step S 7 ( a and, R [1]. K) is zero. Thus the process proceeds to step S 8, the received data Xi R [0] and the newly received data R [1] performs the replacement.
(7) 1 in step S 10 becomes 1 = 1, no longer satisfy the condition in step S 4, the process proceeds to steps S 11, S 13, the current de Isseki is shown in Figure 45.
(8) followed by that it has received the 89 55 aa in step S 2. Conditions of step S 4 goes to step S 5 to pass.
(9) a becomes 80 in 1 = 0 since steps S 5 at this stage.
(10) K of the received packet goes to 89 because step S 7. Currently 1 R [0] is 0, the process proceeds to aa Since step S 9.
(1 1) computation of step S 9 is now received Baketsuto Kp is 89 55 aa, the reception data R [0] is so aa 33 cc, the new received packet Kp becomes 23 66 66 7 bit is cleared .
(12) Subsequently, in step S 10, the process proceeds to step S 4, a is 40. K is the calculation result of Step S 6 for the current 23 becomes zero, the data structure as a step S 10, S 4, S 1 1, S 13 and proceeds Figure 46.
(13) Such loops repeatedly, current data Ri such connexion us as in FIG. 47, in S 2, the new packet 56 3c 3c has arrived. In addition, the current i is made to 7.
(14) Step S repeat loops 3~S 10, Kp becomes 00 00 00 at stage came to step S 12, the process proceeds to Sutetsu flop S 14 remains data structure as in FIG. 48.
(15) In the step S 14 and subsequent, kappa is checked whether the upper triangular matrix. That is, the loop while shifting by 10000000 00000001 or in one of a binary number to a Step S 16, Bittoka force corresponding in step S 17, are somehow checked. Bits to the left of the corresponding bit in this case, all 0 der Rukoto has been guaranteed in the previous process. Since the present example not applicable 0 th bit is 1 R [7], the flow returns to step S 2.
(16) When K this manner is complete upper triangular matrix, it is possible to proceed to Furochiya one Bok in Figure 38. Isseki De at this time is as shown in FIG. 49.
In the flowchart of FIG. 39, the upper triangular matrix obtained in FIG. 38, performs unit matrix to convert the identity matrix. This unit matrix, when originally 0 bit for an element was 1, which takes the exclusive OR of the other elements which should be 1, is intended to erase the 1. For example, as elements R [3] in FIG. 50 (A), if the second bit is originally 0 was 1, which takes the exclusive OR of the elements R [6] should be 1, as shown in FIG. 50 (B), to erase 1. Therefore Describing the processing of units of the matrix of Figure 39 is as follows.
(1) a i to process from bottom to top in the step S 20 to i = 6. i Since a greater than or equal to 0 as the step S 21, go to step S 22. Here and it is like a current data Figure 51.
(2) In step S 22 i + 1 = 7 since a is the hexadecimal 01, binary number 0 0000001.
(3) Step S 23 1 also becomes 1 = 6, the process proceeds to step S 24 in passing Ri step S 26 since 0 or more. (4) Currently, R [6] · K is 03, a is 1. Therefore, the logical product of step S 26 should not 0, where the process proceeds to step S 27.
(5) The exclusive OR operation of step S 27, R [6] becomes 02 33 33.
(6) Step S 28 1 becomes 1 drawn 1 = 5, the process returns to step S 24, step S 26, by passing through the step S 27, R [5] is also changed to 04 O ff 0.
(7) Repeat loop of steps S 24~S 28, becomes 1 Gar 1, when going to Sutetsu flop S 25 is 0-th bit of all the K of R [0] ~R [6] becomes 0 , it has become Isseki de, such as shown in Figure 52.
(8) Step S 25 in 1 becomes 5, a becomes 02 in step S 22.
(9) Similarly R [0] in the loop of steps S. 24 to step S 28 ~R [5] If the first bit of the X element is 1, and specifically R [0], R [2], R [3], R
It takes the exclusive OR of the [6], the corresponding bit is set to 0. More specifically, it becomes good Unade Isseki of FIG. 53.
(10) when i by repeating such operation becomes 0, K as shown in FIG. 54 to obtain the data of the identity matrix.
In the flowchart of FIG. 40, it rearranges the elements of P converted by obtaining a unit matrix K in FIG. 39, to restore the data. Here I connexion current data unit matrix of FIG. 39 is a similar to Figure 55. Expressing portion of the p in binary is as shown in FIG. 56. Therefore an element p of FIG. 56 will be described the process of Figure 40 as an example as follows.
(1) The i is initialized in step S 30, D [0] at step S 31 also initialized. To initialized in step S 31, if anything in order to go to step S 37 without, if the step S 36 is to clear the bit that corresponds to reverse when the conditions of step S 35 is satisfied if this process is not necessary.
(2) a to 80 in step S 32, to 1 to 1 = 0 in step S 33.
(3) calculation of "<< = 1" shown in Step S 34 is a means to shift to the left by one. Current D [0] is 0, so, even if the shift remains at 0. (4) In step S 35, i 8 becomes 0 because i is a 7 or less. Therefore, the 7th bit of P [0] of R [0] is that to see if 1. This value goes to zero, so step S 37.
(5) adds 1 to 1 in step S 37, and checks whether at Step S 38 7 or less. Currently, 1 returns to 1, so step S 34.
(6) In this way the step S 34~S 38, looking at the 7 bit of R [0] P of ~R [7] [0]. In the current data, the 7th bit of P [0] is because 0 Te to base, the process proceeds to step S 39 without passing through the step S 36 even once. That, D [0] remains 0 set in step S 31.
(7) i is set to 1 in step S 39, a is 40 and one right shift in Step S 40, the flow returns to step S 33. Now enters a loop to investigate the 6 bit of P [0].
(8) In the upcoming loop (1 = 1), 1 is at the stage became 7, since P [0] 6-th bit is 1 R [7], 1 is substituted into D [1].
(9) further stage 1, following the loop (i = 2) becomes 1 = 6, since the fifth bit of P [0] of R [6] is 1, 1 is substituted for D [2] that.
(10) becomes 7 is added to 1 in step S 37 in this loop, the flow returns to step S 34 because they do not meet the condition of step S 38. In step S 34, D
[2] becomes 2 because it is shifted to the left, the process proceeds to steps S 35, S 37, S 38, S 39 (however, not pass through the step S 36 when 1 = 7), further step S 41, proceeds S 42, S 33.
(1 1) when i overlapping in this way the loop is 8, a is set to 1. Because of this, it goes to the step S32, after a becomes 80, becomes the next loop.
(12) loop from the following: In (i =. 8 to L 5), for i 8 at step S 35 is 1, each bit of the P [1] element of R [0] ~R [7] 1 , Looking at 0.
(1 3) repeating such a loop, at the stage of termination condition is satisfied in step S 41, D [0], D [1], D [2], 00 0 1 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0 a O b 0 c 0D 0 e O f Isseki de that has been restored.
Illustrating the generation of the data string K to be used where the data transfer method of the present invention. Can be considered are several ways to generate the data evening column K, 1 No. simple way, in a way that is generated using a random number a number between l~2 m one 1, use it in the data string K is there. However, in the generation of the data sequence K by the random number, there may not be unit matrix also receive the m Baketsuto the receiving side. Therefore For the beginning of the m packets (the proviso η number of transmitted packets) K = 2 n is thought a method to send a. In the this case if received without loss of all packets, it is possible to immediately restore under Isseki. Further it is easy to unit matrix for a small number of bits 1 in the data string Κ is standing, it can be solved quickly. On the other hand, in consideration of packet loss, but will send a further number of packets exceeds m, already may use a random number as described for the (m + 1) th and subsequent data string K. In this case, with the first of one of the random numbers that use numerical easily converted to unit matrix. For example, when m = 8,
(m + 1) th is "1 1 11 1 11 1"
m + 2 th "01010101"
m + 3 th "10101010"
m + 4 th "0000111 1"
m + 5 th "1 1 110000"
Use each of the. Also in the same data sequence on the transmitting side and the receiving side as another data transmission method table or a random number generation routine and algebraic species is set in advance, the packet de Isseki column K instead of n-th to be transmitted, the transfer of data string by to have a packet information that the packet can be eliminated. Here In the de Isseki transmission how the present invention may be in the mass of one Baketsuto Send Isseki data of jm pit. In this case, the use of the form of the de Isseki packet of FIG. 34 size of each packet and (j + m) bits. Coding rate in this case is j Z (j + m). The size of one bucket Bok in normal IP communication when sending large data much because of the limitation of 1500 bytes (= 12000 bits) are at risk of encoding rate falls. Therefore in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5 7, the divided data 7 2 1 by dividing one large original data 7 2 to a suitable size at the transmitting side, 7 2 - 2, 7 2 3 · · 'and then it is conceivable to coding. At this time, it distinguishes in addition to adding the block number q blocks of solutions!) The Detapake Tsu preparative sequence K in the packet to be transferred. Such data is divided to become a problem when the packet transfer at the time of decoding the divided data received by the packet transfer block data evening How then the signal side transmission from the receiving side transfer to notify the end of, it is whether ask them to send the data of the next block.
According to the present invention order to solve this problem, for example, take the method of FIG 8. In the FIG. 5 8 performs packet transmission signal 8 4 the sender sends the number d items Baketsuto Considering Baketsuto loss rate. In the receiving side performs decoding 8 8 when there is a (n + flight) or more packets received 8 6. When In the sender to send d items Baketsuto move to transmission of the next block. Here α number used for decoding on the receiving side, the only receives the m Baketsuto is safety factor when there is a possibility that a unit matrix can not be obtained. The method of FIG. 5-8, the packet loss rate of the transmission path is effective when and little variation in known and is likely to increase waste by increasing the safety factor alpha. So as a method of solving this problem, after transmitting a packet of all the data content, transmitted to the transmission side to the block number the receiver fails to decode, there is a method to perform retransmission.
5 9 is a method of the present invention to send a decoding completion signal 9 4 on the transmission side at the stage where the decoding 9 2 is completed on the receiving side. In this case, it is decoded based on Baketsuto number Baketsuto disappearance rate was actually received even when variation in the transmission path, it is possible to send data reliably. However, in FIG. 5 9 methods, during the period from the sending of the packet to be encoded is completed at the transmitting side, until decoding completion signal 9 4 arrives, useless packets to be discarded 9 6 at the receiving side will be transmitting the efficiency is poor, especially in large line RTT.
6 0 is a method of the present invention which combines both 5 8 and 5 9. In the this way, for example by receiving a block Q recipient after the decryption 9 8, decode unsuccessful signal 1 to the transmission side when the next block Q + 1 was unsuccessful decoding 1 0 0 0 2 was transferred, the sender retransmits the data from the failed block transmission. However, in the method of FIG. 6 0 8, Proc has poor discards 1 0 4 becomes efficiencies received until retransmitting the data of the block receiver issues a decoding failure signal 1 0 2 .
This problem can be improved by buffering by blocks of a suitable equivalent magnitude corresponding to the value of the RTT and n of Θ line data as in the method of FIG 1 9. 6 1 near connexion is transmitting decoding failure signal 1 1 0 failed to decode 1 0 8 1 Block Q. Block Q is a now to the transmission side, and ends the transmission of q + 1, Q + 2 of the packet, and receives the decryption failure signal 1 1 0 in the middle of transmitting a packet block q + 3 . Therefore the block q + l, since q + 2 is the packet likely amount sufficient to decode the recipient is reachable already, the sender block Q when receiving the decoding failure signal 1 1 0, (1 + 1, every Q + 2 of the packet transfer to send fewer Baketsuto Usually it Baketsuto received until stores fewer packets transferred first by the fact that is stored in each block in the buffer 1 0 6 can receive Baketsuto necessary for decryption as a whole. since the Baketsuto also already sent in the block Q + 3 that may have reached the receiving side, Baketsuto number already sent record the sender sends a bucket Bok of the number obtained by subtracting the number of packets already sent from the d-number is a predetermined amount in transmitting Baketsuto the next block q + 3, received from the transmission Baketsuto 1 0 4 4 was The may be stored in the block Q + 3 of the buffer 1 0 6. Further in data string K When contacting Keru unit matrix to the receiving side in a decoding failure signal 1 1 0 from the receiving side, the other information by transferring the unit matrix in the absence of bit Bok is not required, it is also possible to improve the efficiency in the this convey only information necessary for retransmission.
Further In the FIG. 6 0 and 6 1, for example, is determined to fail to decode the block Q in a bucket Bok reception of block Q + 1, and one bets an example when transferring decoding failure signal it is a unsuccessful decoding if the next block Q + 1 or which has received a predetermined amount or more Baketsuto for fast block of Q + 2 when the decoding of the block Q is not completed, decoding failure signal the transfer may be made to perform a retransmission.
6 2 shows another embodiment of a data transmission method of the present invention, shall apply to this embodiment is that it has to perform encoding and decoding without using the release of simultaneous equations with FEATURE: . In Figure 62 is a D 0 to D 3 is first dividing the original data 112 to a predetermined length unit. For example the original data 112 is 12 Baitode Isseki, and the divided data D0～D 3 of 4 bytes it to 3 bytes. Thus the divided data D0~D3 of the original data 112 as a predetermined data sequence Kn; are prepared (k, k 1 k 2, k 3> k 4.). Each diary (k.~k 4) of the data string Kn, and eject the divided data of the original data 1 12 corresponding to the position of the data bit 1, obtains an exclusive logical sum Xo r. For example, k. = In the 1000 directly stores the divided data D 0 corresponding to bit 1. k 1; k 2, k 3 divided data D 0 corresponding respectively since bit 1 there is only one also, D l, captures the D 2, D 3. The last In the k 4 = 1001 obtains both XOR X or taking out the bit Bok two minute Waride Isseki D 0 corresponding to 1 and D 3. This is encoded 114 in this embodiment. Then perform Baketsuto transmission 116 as each packet Kp set to 11 = 0-4 data string 1 and the exclusive logical sum 0 by the coding 114. In the receiving side, when one of the packets by the decoding 1 18 receives the four disappeared, the matrix arrangement of exclusive Xo r from the four receiving buckets Bok de Isseki a column Kn after creating performs single position matrixing for the portion of the de Isseki column Kn, the divided data D 0 data of the exclusive logical sum XOR accompanying the unit matrix is ​​in the encoder 1 1 4, D 1, D2, D 3 It is extracted as.
Processing of the data transmission method of FIG. 62, the partial without using simultaneous equations, the process can be simplified. Specifically, there is no need to count the 1 in calculation of an exclusive logical sum of the simultaneous equations in the process of coding 114, also In the decoding 118 data extraction processing 82 shown in the flow chart of FIG. 40 is not necessary Become. Incidentally, as the data transmission method put that the present invention in the above embodiments, peer-to-peer data transmission, that is, been made but taking as an example the case of performing high-speed data transmission on a one-to-one, broadcast Toya by using techniques such as multicast, it is also applicable to a case of transmitting data to multiple simultaneous destination as a pair n.
Such 1 In the transmission-to-n data 59, FIG. 60, can not be used a method of performing a response from receiving side decoding completion and decryption failure as shown in FIG. 61 to the sender and cut in implementing a method of transmitting a packet of sufficient predetermined amount to the code as shown in FIG 8. The data transmission method of the present invention is directed to UD P communication, but may be added communication function other than the standard UDP communication. For example with a checksum (CRC) to the packets in order to enhance reliability, checksum immediately after receiving the check whether the correct packet darn click, added by UNA mechanism to discard the packet if properly not and it may be.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, including name have appropriate modifications of impairing the objects and advantages thereof. The present invention is limited by the numerical values ​​shown in the above embodiments accepted no. Industrial Applicability
According to the present invention as has been described above, it is possible to realize a de Isseki delivery of Oite efficient peer to peer communiqué one Chillon, to changes in the peer location and communication environment, optimum delivery dynamically It is possible to realize an efficient de Isseki delivery order can be dealt with Lou me.
Further, when a peer, such as from a power by providing the proxy peer is activated if it stops again, it receives the update data from the proxy peer, can you to ensure uniformity of the data in each peer.
Can be further enables data modification such as Baketsuto LOSS and packet Swapping in the transmission path by a receiving decoding corresponding to the encoding transmission and which, to obtain a reliable in UDP communication which does not require acknowledgment.
1. In the data distribution method of peer-to-peer via the network to exchange information between a plurality of peers connected to each other,
Each of the peers,
The data transmitting unit, when transmitting the data from their, generates path information registered destination information and their respective groups were grouped based on the group information, the destination information to the representative peer of each group, a data transmitting step of transmitting to the route information and data and delivery information,
The data relay unit, when receiving the distribution information from other peers, if they contain their own in the destination information after deleting their capture the received data, for each group grouped on the basis of the group information a data relaying step of generating the distribution information registered destination information and own, transmits the destination information to the representative peer of each group, the path information and data as the distribution information,
Data distribution method characterized by comprising a.
2. In the data distribution method of claim 1, wherein, said group information creation step selects a representative peer distance between their from the delegate peer of an existing group is minimized, their representative peer of an existing group and Day evening delivery method characterized by creating a grouping the group information a new peer based on a comparison of the distance between the three parties of the new peer.
3. In the data distribution method in the range 2, wherein said group information creation step, his, as the distance between three parties delegate peer and the new peer of an existing group, between themselves and the new peer first 1 distance, if between the own and the delegate peer and the second distance, between the delegate peer and the new peer and third distance,
The first distance when the relationship to be in, to belong to a new peer group of representative peer, maintains the representative peer,
The second distance at the time related to the will, to belong to a new peer group of representative peers, to change the representative peer in a new peer,
Wherein the first and when other than the second distance relationships, data distribution method which is characterized in that the delegate peer to generate a new group for the new peer.
4. In the data distribution method in the range 3, wherein said group information creation step, when a plurality of delegate peer exists, selects a representative peer as the minimum distance between their from a plurality of representative peers' to yourself, delegate peer and data distribution method which is characterized in that the grouping of the new peer based on the distance comparison between three parties of a new peer.
5. Computer constituting the peer you exchanging information with other peers connected to each other via a network,
Upon receiving the connection of a new peer own, based on a comparison of distance on the network between 3's delegate peer and a new peak § existing group, to create a group information grouping a new peer and group information creating step,
When transmitting the Isseki de from his, the generated route information registered destination information and their respective groups grouped based on the group information, the destination information to the representative peer of each group, and route information and a data transmission step of transmitting the data as the delivery information,
Upon receiving the delivery information from other peers, if they contain their own in the destination information after deleting their capture the received data, registers the destination information and own each group grouped on the basis of the group information and Day evening relay step of generating the distribution information, and transmits the destination information to the representative peer of each group, the path information and data as the distribution information,
6. In claims 5 program, the group information creation step selects a representative peer distance between their from the delegate peer existing group is minimized, yourself, delegate peer of an existing group and programs, characterized in that to create a grouping the group information a new peer based on a comparison of the distance between the three parties of the new peer.
7. In the claims 6 program, the group information creation step can own, as the distance between three parties delegate peer and the new peer of an existing group, the first distance between himself and the new peer , if between the own and the delegate peer and the second distance, between the delegate peer and the new peer and third distance,
Wherein the first and when other than the second distance relationships, program characterized by the delegate peer to generate a new group for the new peer.
8. In the claims 7 programs, the group information creation step, if the delegate peer of multiple exists, select the minimum distance and name Ru delegate peer with their from a plurality of representative peers Te, yourself, program and performs grouping of a new peer based on a comparison of the distance between the 3's delegate peer and the new peer. O 2004/030273
9. In the peer exchanging information with other peers connected to each other via a network,
Upon receiving the connection of a new peer own, based on a comparison of distance on the network between 3's delegate peer and a new peak § existing group, to create a group information grouping a new peer and group information creation unit,
When transmitting data from their, the generated route information registered destination information and their respective groups grouped based on the group information, the destination information to the representative peer of each group, the path information and data and a data transmitting unit for transmitting as the delivery information,
Upon receiving the delivery information from other peers, if they contain their own in the destination information after deleting their capture the received data, registers the destination information and own each group grouped on the basis of the group information and Day evening relay unit for generating distribution information, and transmits the destination information to the representative peer of each group, the path information and data as the distribution information,
Peer, comprising the.
1 0. While over the network at the peer-to-peer de Isseki distribution system for exchanging data between the between the plurality of peers connected to each other, Yorimoto peer Yi who requested proxy is not running, data distribution system, wherein the request stored the Isseki delivered updated de the addressed source peer, the requesting peer upon starting the operation, provided the proxy peer to pass update data stored.
1 1. In the claims 1 0 data delivery system of the, the proxy peer, share the request based on peer and de Isseki who requested the agency, while the requesting peer is not operating, before Symbol request update the shared data evening with been updated data evening delivery addressed source peer, when the requesting Pia starts operating, characterized in that overwriting the updated shared data to the shared data of the requesting peer data distribution system for the.
12. In the data distribution system in the range 10 claims, when forming a group of a plurality of peers, distributes the distribution information received by the delegate peer group to other peers in the group, said proxy as the delegate peer configure the peer, while the one or more peers in the group is not working, stored and distributed update data destined peers not in the operation, passing the update data stored in the peer has operated data Rooster yourself signal system according to claim.
13. In the data distribution system in the range 10 claims, a plurality of said proxy peer, if the operation is stopped while delivering the update data to a particular proxy peer remaining update to another proxy peer acting data distribution system, characterized in that to deliver the data.
14. Data In the data transmission method of Baketsuto transmitting,
The encoded transmission unit, based on the data calculated solutions are substituted into the simultaneous equations of the Boolean algebra together with predetermined de Isseki columns, coding for Baketsuto transmit a set of solutions and the data sequence as a code Cadet Isseki a transmission step,
The receiver decoder, a reception decoding step by substituting the received said data sequence with solutions obtained from the encoded data to the simultaneous equations to decode the original data,
15. In the data transmission method in the range 14 claims,
The encoded transmission step,
The source data m-bit data (b, b 1;. B 2, b 3, ~b m - when the, data of n series of m-bit Isseki string K = (k n0, k nl , k n2 , ~k nm - the flop - simultaneous equations Le algebra
b 0 k n0 + b! k n2 + ······ + b m _ 1 k nm _ 1 = P n
By substituting n number of solutions P n = (p 0, p 1 (2, p 3, ... .- look, encoded data evening the Baketsuto transfer comprising a set of data evening column K as the solution P n to ,
The reception decoding step, said received encoded data evening from the resulting the data evening by substituting the solutions P n and the column K in the equations the transfer under Isseki become m bits Bok of
Corrected sheet (Rule 91) data transmission method characterized by decoding the data.
1 6. In the data transmission method in the range 1 5 claims,
The reception decoding step includes the steps of part of the data string obtained from the received encoded data to generate a matrix data evening arrangement of data sequence K and solution P n as a top Mi square,
A step of unit matrix per part of the matrix data evening arrangement of de Isseki column K, and restoring the evening transfer source data de Isseki column K from the data position of solutions P n obtained by unit matrix,
In one 7. data to the data transmission method of the packet transmission,
The encoded transmission unit, the source data of m divided de Isseki (D Q, Ό ,, D 2 -D m _!) Divided into data string of n sequences in the m-bit K (k n0>. k nl, k n2, -k nm _,) to the position of the bit 1 to select the division data corresponding seeking exclusive Kazude Isseki of code formed from said data string Κ and the exclusive sum data set a transmission step of sending Baketsuto rolling the data,
The receiver decoder, after placing the matrix data data sequence and exclusive OR obtained from the received said coded data, wherein the de-Isseki by unit matrix portions of the column kappa, exclusive after the unit matrix of data transmission method is characterized in that and a reception step for decrypting the logical sum as the division data.
1 8. In the range 1 5 or 1 7 data transmission method, wherein said data string system column number η of kappa, de Isseki transmission method, wherein the a value greater than or equal to the number of bits m.
1 9. In range 1 5 or 1 7 data transmission method as claimed, the system number of columns n in the data series, the number obtained by adding Nehi based on Baketsuto erasure rate of the transmission path to the bit Bok number m
Data transmission method, which is a (m + flight).
2 0. In the range 1 5 or 1 7 data transmission method, wherein said data string K to be used to generate the encoded data to be transferred at the n buckets I, bucket Bok from the beginning to a predetermined number data transmission method, wherein a unit matrix at the receiving side is an easy specific numerical sequence for.
2 1. In the data transmission method in the range 1 5 or 1 7 claims define the numerical sequence data string K by a predetermined table or a predetermined formula, to share the previous year table or the expression at the transmission side and the reception side Accordingly, the data transmission method is characterized in that the unnecessary Baketsuto transfer of the de Isseki column K.
2 2. In the data transmission method in the range 1 5 or 1 7 claims,
The encoded transmission step transfers by dividing one block of coded data into a plurality buckets Bok,
The reception decoding step transmits the successful decoding signal to the transmitting side when completing decrypt the original data by receiving a packet of 1 proc worth, is when it fails to decode transmitted the decoded failure signal data transmission method for causing retransmitted Te.
2 3. In the range 2 2 Data transmission method according performs decoding bucket preparative data are provided a buffer to the receiving side after holding in the buffer, it is received before the retransmission is started at the time of decoding failure de Isseki transmission method to Toku徵 that saves the packet data in the buffer, to reduce the number of packets retransmitted Ruru proc.
2 4. computer,
Me solutions by substituting the original data with a predetermined constant data in simultaneous equations of Boolean algebra determined, the encoded transmission step for packet transmission a set of constant data and solutions as coded data,
A reception decoding step the received said constant data and solutions obtained from the coded data substituted into the simultaneous equations to decode the original data,
25. In the program of the range 24 of the claim,
The source data of m-bit data (b 0, bb 2) b 3, when as one bm ^), the data string = (k n0 of n series of m bits, k nl, k n2, ~k nm - a simultaneous equations of the pool algebra
b 0 k n () + b 1 k n2 + ...... + b m _ 1 k nm _ 1 = P n
By substituting n number of solutions [rho eta = a (ρ 0, ρ 1; ρ 2, -Ρ ^) calculated, reference numeral I匕De Isseki the Baketsuto transfer comprising a set of data string K and solutions [rho eta,
The reception decoding step decoding the data of m bits received the coded data said data Xi string obtained from evening Κ and solutions [rho eta are substituted into the simultaneous equations become the transfer source data evening program characterized.
26. In the program of the range 25 of the claim,
The reception decoding step includes the steps of data sequence obtained from the received coded data to generate a matrix data arrangement comprising an upper triangle,
A step of partial diary unit matrix of the matrix de Isseki arrangement Day evening column K, and restoring the source data to data evening column K from the data position of solutions P n obtained by unit matrix,
27. computer,
The source data of m divided de Isseki (D 0, Dp Divided into, m bit de Isseki column in n sequences K = (k n0, k nl , k n2, -k, ^^) exclusively select the division data corresponding to bit 1 of the position of It obtains the logical sum data, and transmits Sutetsu flop coded data consisting of the data string and the exclusive sum data set for packet transfer,
The data Xi and unit matrix portion of the column K data string K and exclusive obtained from the received said coded data after the matrix data evening disposed, the divided exclusive theory Liwa after the unit matrix of a receiving step of decoding as Isseki de,
2 8. In the claims 2 5 or 2 7 programs, sequence number n of the data string K is a program wherein the a value greater than or equal to the number of bits m.
2 9. In the claims 2 5 or 2 7 programs, sequence number n of the de Isseki sequence number obtained by adding the value α based on the packet loss rate of the transmission path to the number of bits m (m + program, which is a a).
3 0. In the claims 2 5 or 2 7 programs, the data string K to be used to generate the encoded data to forward of n packets, received for packets from the beginning to a predetermined number a program characterized by unit matrix on the side is an easy specific numerical sequence.
3 1. In the claims 2 5 or 2 7 programs, defined by the data sequence number array Jo Tokoro table or a predetermined equation of K, by sharing year table or the expression at the transmission side and the reception side , program that is unnecessary bucket Bok transfer of said data string K and feature.
3 2. In the claims 2 5 or 2 7 programs,
The encoded transmission step transfers by dividing the code cade Isseki one block to multiple packet,
The received decryption step transmits the successful decoding signal to the transmitting side when completing decrypt the original data by receiving Baketsuto of one block, it transmits the decoded failure signal on failure to decode program characterized thereby to retransmit.
3 3. In claims 3 2 programs, decodes packets data provided buffer to the receiving side after holding in the buffer, retransmission at the time of decoding failure was received until initiated Save the Baketsutode Isseki in the buffer, the program characterized by reduced Baketsuto number of blocks to be retransmitted.
PCT/JP2002/010026 2002-09-27 2002-09-27 Data delivery method, system, transfer method, and program WO2004030273A1 (en)
PCT/JP2002/010026 WO2004030273A1 (en) 2002-09-27 2002-09-27 Data delivery method, system, transfer method, and program
JP2004539446A JP3836858B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2002-09-27 Data distribution method, system, transmission method and a program
US11/043,122 US7813302B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2005-01-27 Data distributing method, system transmitting method, and program
US11/043,122 Continuation US7813302B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2005-01-27 Data distributing method, system transmitting method, and program
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