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BS EN 13230-12016 Railway applications Track Concrete sleepers and bearers Part 1 General requirements BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 1506BS EN 13230-12016 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13230-12016. It supersedes BS EN 13230-12009 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 84749 3 ICS 91.100.30; 93.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2016. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS EN 13230-12016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13230-1 May 2016 ICS 91.100.30; 93.100 Supersedes EN 13230-12009 English Version Railway applications - Track - Concrete sleepers and bearers - Part 1 General requirements Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en bton - Partie 1 Prescriptions gnrales Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Beton - Teil 1 Allgemeine Anforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 March 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions English, French, German. A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13230-12016 EBS EN 13230-12016 EN 13230-12016 E 2 Contents Page European foreword . 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Common characteristics 10 4.1 General . 10 4.2 Loading. 10 4.2.1 Loads . 10 4.2.2 Load distribution 10 4.3 Characteristic bending moments . 11 4.4 Data to be supplied 11 4.4.1 General . 11 4.4.2 Data to be supplied by the purchaser . 11 4.4.3 Data to be provided by the supplier 12 5 Materials 12 5.1 General requirements 12 5.2 Cement . 13 5.3 Aggregates 13 5.4 Mixing water 14 5.5 Admixtures . 14 5.6 Concrete . 14 5.6.1 Material requirements . 14 5.6.2 Information to be provided by the supplier . 14 5.6.3 Changes for the material and processes 15 5.7 Steel . 15 5.7.1 Prestressing tendons 15 5.7.2 Reinforcing steel . 15 5.7.3 Steel connecting bar 15 5.8 Embedded components 15 6 General requirements 15 6.1 Design . 15 6.1.1 Geometrical design 15 6.1.2 Concrete cover . 18 6.1.3 Prestressing system design 18 6.1.4 Reinforcing steel design 18 6.2 Manufacturing process . 18 6.2.1 General requirements 18 6.2.2 Natural curing 19 6.2.3 Accelerated curing . 19 6.3 Surface finish . 21 6.4 Marking 21 7 Product testing 21 BS EN 13230-12016 EN 13230-12016 E 3 7.1 General . 21 7.2 Mechanical parameters 22 7.3 Tests on product . 22 7.4 Tests on concrete 22 7.5 Tests in combination with the fastening system . 23 7.6 Additional tests . 23 8 Quality control . 23 8.1 General . 23 8.2 Quality control during design approval tests . 24 8.3 Quality control during manufacturing 24 Annex A informative Test method to determine the Taber Wear index for a fine aggregate 25 A.1 General . 25 A.2 Apparatus 25 A.3 Preparation of Mortar Tiles 25 A.3.1 Sampling 25 A.3.2 Mortar Tile preparation . 25 A.3.3 Mortar Tile curing 26 A.3.4 Grinding of Mortar Tiles . 26 A.4 Test procedure 26 A.5 Calculation of Taber Wear Index. 26 Annex B informative Test method for freeze–thaw resistance . 27 Annex C informative Test method for measuring the water absorption of concrete at atmospheric pressure . 28 C.1 Introduction 28 C.2 Samples 28 C.3 Sequence of test . 28 C.4 Results 28 C.5 Requirements . 28 Annex D informative Definition and recommendation for measurement of rail seat inclination and twist between rail seats 29 Annex E informative Surface finish 30 E.1 General . 30 E.2 General information for surface finish . 30 E.3 Surface finish of the rail seat 30 E.4 Surface finish of all other surfaces . 31 E.5 Detailed procedure for remedial work . 31 Annex F informative Quality control during manufacturing – Routine tests and frequency of testing 32 F.1 General . 32 F.2 Data of the sleeper to be checked . 32 BS EN 13230-12016 EN 13230-12016 E 4 F.3 Examples for frequency of testing 34 Annex ZA informative Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC 35 Bibliography . 37 BS EN 13230-12016 EN 13230-12016 E 5 European foreword This document EN 13230-12016 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document supersedes EN 13230-12009. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard is one of the EN 13230 series “Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers”, which consist of the following parts Part 1 General requirements; Part 2 Prestressed monoblock sleepers; Part 3 Twin-block reinforced sleepers; Part 4 Prestressed bearers for switches and crossings; Part 5 Special elements; Part 6 Design. This European Standard is used as the technical basis for transaction between corresponding parties purchaser – supplier. Annexes A to F are informative; they can be used as normative requirements by completion of a contract, if agreed by the contracting parties. The Annex E of EN 13230-12009 is deleted and is shifted into EN 13230-6. There is a change in the wording of the documents of EN 13230 series “design bending moment” is replaced by “characteristic bending moment” and “test bending moment”. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13230-12016 EN 13230-12016 E 6 Introduction This part of the EN 13230 series covers the general requirements for concrete sleepers and bearers and is used in conjunction with the following parts Part 2 Prestressed monoblock sleepers; Part 3 Twin-block reinforced sleepers; Part 4 Prestressed bearers for switches and crossings; Part 5 Special elements; Part 6 Design. Concrete sleepers and bearers are safety critical components for railway applications. They are not covered by any other standards. As safety critical components, an agreement is needed between purchaser and supplier to operate a factory Quality System. This position about safety critical relevance has always been highlighted by decisions from CEN/TC 256/SC 1 “Railway applications / Infrastructure” and Annex ZA provides detailed information. BS EN 13230-12016 EN 13230-12016 E 7 1 Scope This part of the EN 13230 series defines technical criteria and control procedures which need to be satisfied by the constituent materials and the finished concrete sleepers and bearers, i.e. precast concrete sleepers, twin-block reinforced sleepers, bearers for switches and crossings, and special elements for railway tracks. The main requirement of concrete sleepers and bearers is the transmission of vertical, lateral and longitudinal loads from the rails to the ballast or other support. In use, they are also exposed to frost damage and to moisture, which can result in detrimental chemical reactions within the sleeper. In this standard mechanical tests are defined which provide assurance of the capability of sleepers or bearers to resist repetitive loading and provide sufficient durability. In addition, controls are placed on manufacturing processes and tests to ensure that the concrete will not suffer degradation in service through chemical reaction and frost damage. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document including any amendments applies. EN 206, Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2 Concrete admixtures – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete - Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable reinforcing steel - General FprEN 10138 all parts, Prestressing steels EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete EN 13146-5, Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 5 Determination of electrical resistance EN 13230-22016, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 2 Prestressed monobloc sleepers EN 13230-32016, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 3 Twin-block reinforced sleepers EN 13230-42016, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 4 Prestressed bearers for switches and crossings prEN 13230-62015, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 6 Design EN 13481-2, Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems - Part 2 Fastening systems for concrete sleepers BS EN 13230-12016 EN 13230-12016 E 8 EN 13481-5, Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems - Part 5 Fastening systems for slab track with rail on the surface or rail embedded in a channel EN 13481-7, Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems - Part 7 Special fastening systems for switches and crossings and check rails 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 purchaser body responsible for purchasing the product on the user’s behalf 3.2 supplier body responsible for the use of the European Standard in response to the purchaser’s requirement, and for requirements which apply to the producer or manufacturer 3.3 sleeper transverse component of the track which controls the gauge and transmits loads from the rail to the ballast or other sleeper support 3.4 bearer for switches and crossings transverse component of switches and crossings which controls the relative geometry of two or more stretches of running rails and different pieces of special track work, and transmits loads from the rails to the ballast or other bearer support 3.5 bending moment moment applied on the concrete sleeper or bearer which produces tension and compression in the element 3.6 positive bending moment moment which produces tension or reduces compression at the bottom of the concrete sleeper or bearer 3.7 negative bending moment moment which produces tension or reduces compression at the top of the concrete sleeper or bearer 3.8 rail seat area on which a running rail rests 3.9 rail seat area rail seat and the immediate area around the fastening system BS EN 13230-12016 EN 13230-12016 E 9 3.10 rail seat bending moment moment under the centre line of the rail 3.11 centre bending moment moment at the centre part of a monoblock sleeper 3.12 prestressed monoblock sleeper monoblock sleeper using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned tendons for prestressing the concrete 3.13 twin-block reinforced sleeper sleeper in which two reinforced concrete blocks are connected by a steel connecting bar 3.14 prestressed concrete bearer monoblock bearer using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned tendons for prestressing the concrete 3.15 test load load applied during testing 3.16 crack partial split in concrete due to an external bending moment 3.17 crack under loading crack measured during a test with an external bending moment applied 3.18 residual crack crack measured during a test after an external bending moment has been applied and has been removed 3.19 minimum concrete cover minimum cover given by the nominal cover reduced by the tolerance Note 1 to entry Construction tolerances do not apply to the anchorage system of prestressed sleepers, in which case only the ordinary construction tolerances indicated by the manufacturer are applied. 3.20 dynamic rail seat load P k characteristic load on a rail seat of the sleeper for normal service dynamic loading 3.21 characteristic bending moment M k bending moment from dynamic rail seat load P kBS EN 13230-12016 EN 13230-12016 E 10 3.22 characteristic positive bending moment for rail seat section M k,r,pos positive bending moment at rail seat from dynamic rail seat load P k3.23 characteristic negative bending moment for rail seat section M k,r,neg negative bending moment at rail seat from
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BSEN13230 2016
BS EN 13230-1:2016 Railway applications — Track — Concrete sleepers and bearers Part 1: General requirements BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 13230-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13230-1:2016. It supersedes BS EN 13230-1:2009 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. © The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 84749 3 ICS 91.100.30; 93.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2016. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS EN 13230-1:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 13230-1 May 2016 ICS 91.100.30; 93.100 Supersedes EN 13230-1:2009 English Version Railway applications - Track - Concrete sleepers and bearers - Part 1: General requirements Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en béton - Partie 1 : Prescriptions générales Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Beton - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 March 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13230-1:2016 EBS EN 13230-1:2016 EN 13230-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Common characteristics 10 4.1 General . 10 4.2 Loading. 10 4.2.1 Loads . 10 4.2.2 Load distribution 10 4.3 Characteristic bending moments . 11 4.4 Data to be supplied 11 4.4.1 General . 11 4.4.2 Data to be supplied by the purchaser . 11 4.4.3 Data to be provided by the supplier 12 5 Materials 12 5.1 General requirements 12 5.2 Cement . 13 5.3 Aggregates 13 5.4 Mixing water 14 5.5 Admixtures . 14 5.6 Concrete . 14 5.6.1 Material requirements . 14 5.6.2 Information to be provided by the supplier . 14 5.6.3 Changes for the material and processes 15 5.7 Steel . 15 5.7.1 Prestressing tendons 15 5.7.2 Reinforcing steel . 15 5.7.3 Steel connecting bar 15 5.8 Embedded components 15 6 General requirements 15 6.1 Design . 15 6.1.1 Geometrical design 15 6.1.2 Concrete cover . 18 6.1.3 Prestressing system design 18 6.1.4 Reinforcing steel design 18 6.2 Manufacturing process . 18 6.2.1 General requirements 18 6.2.2 Natural curing 19 6.2.3 Accelerated curing . 19 6.3 Surface finish . 21 6.4 Marking 21 7 Product testing 21 BS EN 13230-1:2016 EN 13230-1:2016 (E) 3 7.1 General . 21 7.2 Mechanical parameters 22 7.3 Tests on product . 22 7.4 Tests on concrete 22 7.5 Tests in combination with the fastening system . 23 7.6 Additional tests . 23 8 Quality control . 23 8.1 General . 23 8.2 Quality control during design approval tests . 24 8.3 Quality control during manufacturing 24 Annex A (informative) Test method to determine the Taber Wear index for a fine aggregate 25 A.1 General . 25 A.2 Apparatus 25 A.3 Preparation of Mortar Tiles 25 A.3.1 Sampling 25 A.3.2 Mortar Tile preparation . 25 A.3.3 Mortar Tile curing 26 A.3.4 Grinding of Mortar Tiles . 26 A.4 Test procedure 26 A.5 Calculation of Taber Wear Index. 26 Annex B (informative) Test method for freeze–thaw resistance . 27 Annex C (informative) Test method for measuring the water absorption of concrete at atmospheric pressure . 28 C.1 Introduction 28 C.2 Samples 28 C.3 Sequence of test . 28 C.4 Results 28 C.5 Requirements . 28 Annex D (informative) Definition and recommendation for measurement of rail seat inclination and twist between rail seats 29 Annex E (informative) Surface finish 30 E.1 General . 30 E.2 General information for surface finish . 30 E.3 Surface finish of the rail seat 30 E.4 Surface finish of all other surfaces . 31 E.5 Detailed procedure for remedial work . 31 Annex F (informative) Quality control during manufacturing – Routine tests and frequency of testing 32 F.1 General . 32 F.2 Data of the sleeper to be checked . 32 BS EN 13230-1:2016 EN 13230-1:2016 (E) 4 F.3 Examples for frequency of testing 34 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC 35 Bibliography . 37 BS EN 13230-1:2016 EN 13230-1:2016 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 13230-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document supersedes EN 13230-1:2009. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard is one of the EN 13230 series “Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers”, which consist of the following parts: — Part 1: General requirements; — Part 2: Prestressed monoblock sleepers; — Part 3: Twin-block reinforced sleepers; — Part 4: Prestressed bearers for switches and crossings; — Part 5: Special elements; — Part 6: Design. This European Standard is used as the technical basis for transaction between corresponding parties (purchaser – supplier). Annexes A to F are informative; they can be used as normative requirements by completion of a contract, if agreed by the contracting parties. The Annex E of EN 13230-1:2009 is deleted and is shifted into EN 13230-6. There is a change in the wording of the documents of EN 13230 (series) “design bending moment” is replaced by “characteristic bending moment” and “test bending moment”. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13230-1:2016 EN 13230-1:2016 (E) 6 Introduction This part of the EN 13230 series covers the general requirements for concrete sleepers and bearers and is used in conjunction with the following parts: — Part 2: Prestressed monoblock sleepers; — Part 3: Twin-block reinforced sleepers; — Part 4: Prestressed bearers for switches and crossings; — Part 5: Special elements; — Part 6: Design. Concrete sleepers and bearers are safety critical components for railway applications. They are not covered by any other standards. As safety critical components, an agreement is needed between purchaser and supplier to operate a factory Quality System. This position about safety critical relevance has always been highlighted by decisions from CEN/TC 256/SC 1 “Railway applications / Infrastructure” and Annex ZA provides detailed information. BS EN 13230-1:2016 EN 13230-1:2016 (E) 7 1 Scope This part of the EN 13230 series defines technical criteria and control procedures which need to be satisfied by the constituent materials and the finished concrete sleepers and bearers, i.e.: precast concrete sleepers, twin-block reinforced sleepers, bearers for switches and crossings, and special elements for railway tracks. The main requirement of concrete sleepers and bearers is the transmission of vertical, lateral and longitudinal loads from the rails to the ballast or other support. In use, they are also exposed to frost damage and to moisture, which can result in detrimental chemical reactions within the sleeper. In this standard mechanical tests are defined which provide assurance of the capability of sleepers or bearers to resist repetitive loading and provide sufficient durability. In addition, controls are placed on manufacturing processes and tests to ensure that the concrete will not suffer degradation in service through chemical reaction and frost damage. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206, Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete admixtures – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete - Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable reinforcing steel - General FprEN 10138 (all parts), Prestressing steels EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete EN 13146-5, Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance EN 13230-2:2016, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 2: Prestressed monobloc sleepers EN 13230-3:2016, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 3: Twin-block reinforced sleepers EN 13230-4:2016, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 4: Prestressed bearers for switches and crossings prEN 13230-6:2015, Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 6: Design EN 13481-2, Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems - Part 2: Fastening systems for concrete sleepers BS EN 13230-1:2016 EN 13230-1:2016 (E) 8 EN 13481-5, Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems - Part 5: Fastening systems for slab track with rail on the surface or rail embedded in a channel EN 13481-7, Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems - Part 7: Special fastening systems for switches and crossings and check rails 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 purchaser body responsible for purchasing the product on the user’s behalf 3.2 supplier body responsible for the use of the European Standard in response to the purchaser’s requirement, and for requirements which apply to the producer or manufacturer 3.3 sleeper transverse component of the track which controls the gauge and transmits loads from the rail to the ballast or other sleeper support 3.4 bearer for switches and crossings transverse component of switches and crossings which controls the relative geometry of two or more stretches of running rails and different pieces of special track work, and transmits loads from the rails to the ballast or other bearer support 3.5 bending moment moment applied on the concrete sleeper or bearer which produces tension and compression in the element 3.6 positive bending moment moment which produces tension or reduces compression at the bottom of the concrete sleeper or bearer 3.7 negative bending moment moment which produces tension or reduces compression at the top of the concrete sleeper or bearer 3.8 rail seat area on which a running rail rests 3.9 rail seat area rail seat and the immediate area around the fastening system BS EN 13230-1:2016 EN 13230-1:2016 (E) 9 3.10 rail seat bending moment moment under the centre line of the rail 3.11 centre bending moment moment at the centre part of a monoblock sleeper 3.12 prestressed monoblock sleeper monoblock sleeper using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned tendons for prestressing the concrete 3.13 twin-block reinforced sleeper sleeper in which two reinforced concrete blocks are connected by a steel connecting bar 3.14 prestressed concrete bearer monoblock bearer using pre-tensioned or post-tensioned tendons for prestressing the concrete 3.15 test load load applied during testing 3.16 crack partial split in concrete due to an external bending moment 3.17 crack under loading crack measured during a test with an external bending moment applied 3.18 residual crack crack measured during a test after an external bending moment has been applied and has been removed 3.19 minimum concrete cover minimum cover given by the nominal cover reduced by the tolerance Note 1 to entry: Construction tolerances do not apply to the anchorage system of prestressed sleepers, in which case only the ordinary construction tolerances indicated by the manufacturer are applied. 3.20 dynamic rail seat load P k characteristic load on a rail seat of the sleeper for normal service dynamic loading 3.21 characteristic bending moment M k bending moment from dynamic rail seat load P kBS EN 13230-1:2016 EN 13230-1:2016 (E) 10 3.22 characteristic positive bending moment for rail seat section M k,r,pos positive bending moment at rail seat from dynamic rail seat load P k3.23 characteristic negative bending moment for rail seat section M k,r,neg negative bending moment at rail seat from
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