Source: https://patents.justia.com/patent/10659163
Timestamp: 2020-07-11 07:44:23
Document Index: 349916145

Matched Legal Cases: ['artz\n5896568', 'artz\n6577794', 'artz\n6597325', 'art\n8509850', 'art\n20110021146', 'Application No. 11721160', 'Application No. 201610029179']

US Patent for Supporting analog remote antenna units (RAUs) in digital distributed antenna systems (DASs) using analog RAU digital adaptors Patent (Patent # 10,659,163 issued May 19, 2020) - Justia Patents Search
Justia Patents Hybrid Communication System (e.g., Optical And Rf)US Patent for Supporting analog remote antenna units (RAUs) in digital distributed antenna systems (DASs) using analog RAU digital adaptors Patent (Patent # 10,659,163)
Sep 25, 2014 - Corning Optical Communications LLC
Supporting analog remote antenna units (RAUs) in digital distributed antenna systems (DASs) using analog RAU digital adaptors. In the digital DAS disclosed herein, a head-end equipment (HEE) is configured to exchange digital communications signals with a plurality of digital RAUs. The digital DAS is also configured to distribute digital communications signals to an analog RAU(s), which is not inherently capable of processing the digital communications signals. In this regard, an analog RAU digital adaptor(s) is provided in an analog remote unit to serve as a digital interface for the analog RAU(s). The analog RAU digital adaptor(s) is configured to provide conversions between the digital communications signals and analog RF communications signals. By providing the analog RAU digital adaptor as the digital interface for the analog RAU(s), the digital DAS can be configured to compatibly communicate with the analog RAU(s) and the digital RAU(s).
Transformable cable reels and related assemblies and methods
The disclosure relates generally to distribution of communications signals in a distributed antenna system (DAS), and more particularly to supporting analog remote antenna units (RAUs) in digital DASs using analog RAU digital adaptors.
Wireless customers are increasingly demanding digital data services, such as streaming video signals. Concurrently, some wireless customers use their wireless devices in areas that are poorly served by conventional cellular networks, such as inside certain buildings or areas where there is little cellular coverage. One response to the intersection of these two concerns has been the use of DASs. DASs can be particularly useful when deployed inside buildings or other indoor environments where client devices may not otherwise be able to effectively receive radio frequency (RF) signals from a source. DASs include RAUs configured to receive and transmit communications signals to client devices within the antenna range of the RAUs.
A typical DAS comprises head-end equipment (HEE) communicatively coupled to a plurality of RAUs. The HEE connects to a variety of wireless services, such as wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), long term evolution (LTE), and wireless local area network (WLAN) communications services. To distribute such wireless communications services in a DAS, the wireless communications services can be provided in the form of analog RF communications signals and/or digital communications signals to the HEE of the DAS.
The RAUs are typically chosen and deployed based a variety of factors, such as wireless communications services, RF spectrums, regulatory requirements, operating environments, and costs. The DASs may be configured to receive and distribute communications signals in either analog or digital forms. Analog communications signals may be directly modulated onto a carrier signal for transmissions over a communications medium. The DASs configured to directly provide analog communications signals to the RAUs are therefore known as analog DASs and the RAUs are known as analog RAUs. Digital communications signals, in contrast, are signals generated by sampling and digitizing an analog communications signal before modulating onto the carrier signal. The DASs configured to directly provide digital communications signals to the RAUs are therefore known as digital DASs and the RAUs are known as digital RAUs. Although digital RAUs can have advantages over analog RAUs, digital RAUs can be more expensive than analog RAUs due to the additional expense of digital signal processing components.
One embodiment of the disclosure relates to supporting analog remote antenna units (RAUs) in digital distributed antenna systems (DASs) using analog RAU digital adaptors. In a digital DAS disclosed herein, head-end equipment (HEE) is communicatively coupled to a plurality of digital RAUs and configured to exchange digital communications signals with the plurality of digital RAUs over an uplink and downlink communications medium. The digital DAS is also configured to distribute digital communications signals to an analog RAU(s), which is not inherently capable of processing the digital communications signals. In this regard, an analog RAU digital adaptor(s) is provided in an analog remote unit to serve as a digital interface for the analog RAU(s). The analog RAU digital adaptor(s) is communicatively coupled to the analog RAU(s) over a pair of uplink and downlink optical fibers. The analog RAU digital adaptor(s) is also coupled to the digital DAS over the uplink and downlink communications medium. The analog RAU digital adaptor(s) is configured to enable communications between the digital DAS and the analog RAU(s) by providing conversions between the digital communications signals and analog radio frequency (RF) communications signals. The analog RAU(s) is typically less expensive than a digital RAU(s). Furthermore, some client devices may not be configured to communicate with the digital RAU(s) directly, thus preventing these client devices from interfacing with the digital DAS. By providing the analog RAU digital adaptor(s) as the digital interface for the analog RAU(s), the digital DAS can be configured to compatibly communicate with both the analog RAU(s) and the digital RAU(s), thus helping to reduce costs and improve backward compatibility.
An additional embodiment of the disclosure relates to an adaptive analog remote unit for a digital DAS. The adaptive analog remote unit comprises at least one analog RAU. The at least one analog RAU is configured to receive at least one uplink analog RF communications signal from at least one client device. The at least one analog RAU is also configured to convert the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal into at least one uplink analog optical communications signal. The adaptive analog remote unit also comprises at least one analog RAU digital adaptor coupled to the at least one analog RAU over at least one uplink optical fiber. The at least one analog RAU is configured to provide the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal to the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor. The at least one analog RAU digital adaptor is configured to receive the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal from the at least one analog RAU over the at least one uplink optical fiber. The at least one analog RAU digital adaptor is also configured to convert the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal into at least one uplink digital communications signal. The at least one analog RAU digital adaptor is also configured to distribute the at least one uplink digital communications signal over at least one uplink communications medium to a digital HEE in the digital DAS.
An additional embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method for supporting an analog RAU in a digital DAS. The method comprises receiving at least one uplink analog RF communications signal by at least one analog RAU from a plurality of client devices. The method also comprises converting the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal into at least one uplink analog optical communications signal to be provided to at least one analog RAU digital adaptor over at least one uplink optical fiber. The method also comprises receiving the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal by the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor. The method also comprises converting the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal back into the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal. The method also comprises converting the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal into at least one uplink digital communications signal to be distributed in the digital DAS, wherein the at least one uplink digital communications signal carries formatted uplink data packets.
An additional embodiment of the disclosure relates to a digital DAS. The digital DAS comprises a digital HEE configured to communicate with at least one communications signal source. The digital DAS also comprises at least one digital remote unit comprising at least one digital RAU coupled to the digital HEE over at least one first uplink communications medium and at least one first downlink communications medium. The digital DAS also comprises at least one adaptive analog remote unit. The at least one adaptive analog remote unit comprises at least one analog RAU digital adaptor coupled to the digital HEE over at least one second uplink communications medium and at least one second downlink communications medium. The at least one adaptive analog remote unit also comprises at least one analog RAU coupled to the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor over at least one uplink transmission medium and at least one downlink transmission medium.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary digital distributed antenna system (DAS);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary adaptive analog remote unit having an analog remote antenna unit (RAU) digital adaptor configured to interface an analog RAU with the digital DAS of FIG. 1 by providing conversions between digital radio frequency (RF) communications signals and analog RF communications signals;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary digital DAS configured to compatibly support at least one digital remote unit and at least one analog remote unit by incorporating the analog RAU digital adaptor in FIG. 2 to provide conversions between analog RF communications signals and digital communications signals;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary optical fiber-based digital DAS configured to compatibly interface with at least one digital remote unit and at least one analog remote unit by adapting the analog RAU digital adaptor in FIG. 2 to communicate over at least one optical fiber-based communications medium;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary signal conversion circuit, which can be provided in the analog RAU digital adaptor in FIGS. 3 and 4 to provide conversions between analog RF communications signals and digital communications signals by employing an intermediate frequency (IF) as an intermediate signal to enable the conversions;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary signal conversion circuit, which can be provided in the analog RAU digital adaptor in FIGS. 3 and 4 to provide conversions between analog RF communications signals and digital communications signals by employing a quadrature (Q) signal and an in-phase (I) signal as intermediate signals to enable the conversions;
FIG. 7A is a flowchart of an exemplary uplink signaling process for supporting uplink analog RF communications signals transmissions from the analog RAU to the digital DAS in FIGS. 3 and 4 by converting uplink analog RF communications signals to uplink digital communications signals;
FIG. 7B is a flowchart of an exemplary downlink signaling process for supporting downlink digital communications signals transmissions from the digital DAS to the analog RAU in FIGS. 3 and 4 by converting downlink digital communications signals to downlink analog RF communications signals; and
FIG. 8 is a partially schematic cut-away diagram of an exemplary building infrastructure in which a digital DAS, including the digital DASs in FIGS. 3 and 4, that can compatibly interface with an adaptive analog remote unit and a digital remote unit can be employed.
Before discussing examples of compatibly supporting an analog RAU in a digital DAS starting at FIG. 2, a discussion of an exemplary digital DAS that employs a communications medium to support wireless communications services to a plurality of digital remote units is first provided with reference to FIG. 1. The discussion of specific exemplary aspects of compatibly supporting an adaptive analog remote unit and a digital remote unit in a digital DAS starts at FIG. 2.
Analog signals and digital signals are the two types of communications signals used in modern communications systems like DASs. An analog signal is a continuous signal, such as a sine wave, that is configured to use a continuous range of values to represent information. A digital signal, in contrast, is a discrete time signal generated by sampling and digitizing an analog signal. The analog signal and the digital signal may be modulated onto a RF carrier to generate an analog RF signal and a digital RF signal, respectively, for transmissions over a wireless communications medium. Similarly, the analog signal and the digital signal may also be modulated onto an optical carrier to generate an analog optical signal and a digital optical signal, respectively, for transmissions over an optical fiber-based communications medium. Furthermore, the digital signal may be transmitted without being modulated onto a carrier signal, wherein the digital signal is known as a digital baseband signal. Analog signals can only be processed by analog components; a DAS made of such analog components is thus known as an analog DAS. Likewise, digital signals can only be processed by digital components; a DAS made of such digital components is thus known as a digital DAS.
In this regard, FIG. 1 illustrates distribution of communications services to coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) of a digital DAS 12, wherein ‘N’ is the number of coverage areas. These communications services can include cellular services, wireless services such as RF identification (RFID) tracking, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), local area network (LAN), WLAN, and combinations thereof, as examples. The coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) may be remotely located. In this regard, the remote coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) are created by and centered on digital RAUs 14(1)-14(N) connected to a digital HEE 16 (e.g., a head-end controller or head-end unit or central unit). The digital HEE 16 may be communicatively coupled to a signal source 18, for example a base transceiver station (BTS) or a baseband unit (BBU). In this regard, the digital HEE 16 receives downlink digital RF communications signals 20D from the signal source 18 to be distributed to the digital RAUs 14(1)-14(N). The digital RAUs 14(1)-14(N) are configured to receive the downlink digital RF communications signals 20D from the digital HEE 16 over a communications medium 22 to be distributed to the respective coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) of the digital RAUs 14(1)-14(N). In a non-limiting example, the communications medium 22 may be a wired communications medium, a wireless communications medium, or an optical fiber-based communications medium. Each of the digital RAUs 14(1)-14(N) may include a RF transmitter/receiver (not shown) and a respective antenna 24(1)-24(N) operably connected to the RF transmitter/receiver to wirelessly distribute the communications services to client devices 26 within their respective remote coverage areas 10(1)-10(N). The digital RAUs 14(1)-14(N) are also configured to receive uplink digital RF communications signals 20U from the client devices 26 in their respective remote coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) to be distributed to the signal source 18. The size of a given remote coverage area 10(1)-10(N) is determined by the amount of RF power transmitted by the respective digital RAU 14(1)-14(N), the receiver sensitivity, antenna gain and the RF environment, as well as by the RF transmitter/receiver sensitivity of the client device 26. Client devices 26 usually have a fixed maximum RF receiver sensitivity, so that the above-mentioned properties of the digital RAUs 14(1)-14(N) mainly determine the size of their respective remote coverage areas 10(1)-10(N).
With reference to the digital DAS 12 of FIG. 1, the downlink digital RF communications signal 20D and the uplink digital RF communications signal 20U can be directly distributed between the digital HEE 16 and the digital RAUs 14(1)-14(N) over the communications medium 22. In some cases, it may be desirable to also support analog RAUs in the digital DAS 12 in an effort to reduce system cost and provide backward compatibility (e.g., supporting client devices only capable of communicating with analog RAUs). However, the analog RAUs are inherently incapable of processing the downlink digital RF communications signal 20D and the uplink digital RF communications signal 20U. In this regard, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary adaptive analog remote unit 28 having an analog RAU digital adaptor 30 configured to interface an analog RAU 32 with the digital DAS 12 (shown in FIG. 1) by providing conversions between the digital RF communications signals and the analog RF communications signals. Elements of FIG. 1 are referenced in connection to FIG. 2 and will not be re-described herein.
The analog RAU 32 is configured to communicate an uplink analog RF communications signal 34 and a downlink analog RF communications signal 36 to a plurality of client devices (not shown). The analog RAU 32 is coupled to the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 over an uplink optical fiber 38 and a downlink optical fiber 40. Although the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 and the analog RAU 32 are coupled by the uplink optical fiber 38 and the downlink optical fiber 40, the communications medium between the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 and the analog RAU 32 is not limited to optical fibers. In fact, the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 and the analog RAU 32 may be coupled by a variety of uplink transmission medium and downlink transmission medium. In a non-limiting example, the uplink transmission medium and the downlink transmission medium may include wired transmission medium and wireless transmission medium as well. Upon receiving the uplink analog RF communications signal 34, the analog RAU 32 converts the uplink analog RF communications signal 34 into an uplink analog optical communications signal 42 to be provided to a first optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter 44 in the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 over the uplink optical fiber 38. The O/E converter 44, in turn, converts the uplink analog optical communications signal 42 back into the uplink analog RF communications signal 34. A signal conversion circuit 46 in the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 receives and converts the uplink analog RF communications signal 34 into an uplink digital communications signal 48 to be provided to the digital HEE 16 (shown in FIG. 1) in the digital DAS 12 (shown in FIG. 1) over an uplink communications medium 50.
The signal conversion circuit 46 in the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 is also configured to receive a downlink digital communications signal 52 from the digital HEE 16 (shown in FIG. 1) in the digital DAS 12 (shown in FIG. 1) over a downlink communications medium 54. The signal conversion circuit 46 converts the downlink digital communications signal 52 into the downlink analog RF communications signal 36. A first electrical-to-optical (E/O) converter 56 in the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 receives and converts the downlink analog RF communications signal 36 into a downlink analog optical communications signal 58 to be provided to the analog RAU 32 over the downlink optical fiber 40. The analog RAU 32, in turn, converts the downlink analog optical communications signal 58 back into the downlink analog RF communications signal 36 to be provided to the plurality of client devices (not shown). In a non-limiting example, the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 and the analog RAU 32 may be collocated inside an enclosure of the adaptive analog remote unit 28. In another non-limiting example, the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 may be provided as a software function, a hardware element, or a combination of both. By providing the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 in the adaptive analog remote unit 28, the digital DAS 12 (not shown) can be configured to support the analog RAU 32 in the same way as supporting the digital RAUs 14(1)-14(N) (not shown).
In this regard, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary digital DAS 60 configured to compatibly support at least one digital remote unit 62 and the analog RAU 32 by incorporating the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 in FIG. 2. The analog RAU digital adaptor 30 is configured to provide conversions between the analog RF communications signals and the digital communications signals. Common elements between FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are shown therein with common element numbers, thus will not be re-described herein. The digital DAS 60 comprises a digital HEE 64. The digital HEE 64 is communicatively coupled to at least one communications signal source 66 to communicate at least one uplink communications signal 68 and at least one downlink communications signal 70. In a non-limiting example, the uplink communications signal 68 and the downlink communications signal 70 may be digital RF communications signals or digital baseband communications signals.
The digital remote unit 62 comprises at least one digital RAU 72. The digital RAU 72 is coupled to the digital HEE 64 over at least one first uplink communications medium 74 and at least one first downlink communications medium 76. In a non-limiting example, the first uplink communications medium 74 and the first downlink communications medium 76 may be optical fiber-based communications mediums, wired communications mediums, or wireless communications mediums. Upon receiving at least one uplink digital RF communications signal 78 from a plurality of first client devices (not shown), the digital RAU 72 converts the uplink digital RF communications signal 78 into at least one first uplink digital communications signal 80 to be provided to the digital HEE 64 over the first uplink communications medium 74. The digital HEE 64 converts the first uplink digital communications signal 80 into the uplink communications signal 68, which is in an appropriate form for transmission to the communications signal source 66. In a non-limiting example, the communications signal source 66 may be a BTS and the uplink communications signal 68 is the uplink digital RF communications signal 78. In another non-limiting example, the communications signal source 66 may be a BBU and the uplink communications signal 68 is a digital baseband communications signal converted from the uplink digital RF communications signal 78.
The digital HEE 64 is configured to receive the downlink communications signal 70 from the communications signal source 66. Upon receiving the downlink communications signal 70 destined to the digital remote unit 62, the digital HEE 64 converts the downlink communications signal 70 into at least one first downlink digital communications signal 82 to be provided to the digital RAU 72 in the digital remote unit 62 over the first downlink communications medium 76. The digital RAU 72 in turn converts the first downlink digital communications signal 82 into at least one downlink digital RF communications signal 84 to be provided to the plurality of first client devices (not shown). In a non-limiting example, the communications signal source 66 may be a BTS and the downlink communications signal 70 is the downlink digital RF communications signal 84. In another non-limiting example, the communications signal source 66 may be a BBU and the downlink communications signal 70 is a digital baseband communications signal.
With continuing reference to FIG. 3, the adaptive analog remote unit 28(1) comprises the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 and the analog RAU 32. The signal conversion circuit 46 is coupled to the digital HEE 64 over at least one second uplink communications medium 86 and at least one second downlink communications medium 88. In a non-limiting example, the second uplink communications medium 86 and the second downlink communications medium 88 may be optical fiber-based communications mediums, wired communications mediums, or wireless communications mediums. At least one uplink analog RF communications signal 90 is received by the analog RAU 32 from a plurality of second client devices (not shown). The uplink analog RF communications signal 90 is subsequently converted into at least one second uplink digital communications signal 92 by the signal conversion circuit 46 as previously described in reference to FIG. 2. The analog RAU digital adaptor 30 then provides the second uplink digital communications signal 92 to the digital HEE 64 over the second uplink communications medium 86.
With continuing reference to FIG. 3, upon receiving the downlink communications signal 70 destined for the adaptive analog remote unit 28(1), the digital HEE 64 converts the downlink communications signal 70 into at least one second downlink digital communications signal 94 to be provided to the signal conversion circuit 46 in the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 over the second downlink communications medium 88. The signal conversion circuit 46 in turn converts the second downlink digital communications signal 94 into at least one downlink analog RF communications signal 96, which is subsequently provided to the plurality of second client devices (not shown) by the analog RAU 32 as previously discussed in FIG. 2.
The adaptive analog remote unit 28(1) can also be provided in an optical fiber-based digital DAS. Benefits of an optical fiber-based DAS include distributing digital communications over optical fiber, which supports higher bandwidths and low signal-to-noise ratios. In this regard, FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary optical fiber-based digital DAS 100 configured to compatibly interface with at least one digital remote unit 62(1) and the analog RAU 32 in FIG. 3 by adapting the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 in FIG. 2 to communicate over at least one optical fiber-based communications medium. Common elements between FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 are shown therein with common element numbers, which will thus not be re-described herein.
The optical fiber-based digital DAS 100 comprises a digital HEE 64(1). The digital HEE 64(1) comprises at least one signal interface module 102 communicatively coupled to the communications signal source 66. In one non-limiting example, the signal interface module 102 may be a radio interface module (RIM) and the communications signal source 66 may be a BTS. In another non-limiting example, the signal interface module 102 may be a baseband interface module (BIM) and the communications signal source 66 may be a BBU. The signal interface module 102 is configured to exchange the uplink communications signal 68 and the downlink communications signal 70 with the communications signal source 66. The signal interface module 102 is communicatively coupled to at least one first optical interface module (OIM) 104 and at least one second OIM 106. The first OIM 104 is coupled to the digital RAU 72(1) over at least one first uplink optical fiber-based communications medium 108 and at least one first downlink optical fiber-based communications medium 110. The second OIM 106 is coupled to at least one second uplink optical fiber-based communications medium 112 and at least one second downlink optical fiber-based communications medium 114. The analog RAU digital adaptor 30(1) comprises at least one second E/O converter 116 and at least one second O/E converter 118. The second E/O converter 116 is coupled to the second uplink optical fiber-based communications medium 112 and the signal conversion circuit 46. The second O/E converter 118 is coupled to the second downlink optical fiber-based communications medium 114 and the signal conversion circuit 46.
With continuing reference to FIG. 4, the signal conversion circuit 46 receives and converts the uplink analog RF communications signal 90 into at least one second uplink digital communications signal 120. The second E/O converter 116 receives and converts the second uplink digital communications signal 120 into at least one second uplink digital optical communications signal 122, which is in turn provided to the second OIM 106 over the second uplink optical fiber-based communications medium 112. The second OIM 106 receives and converts the second uplink digital optical communications signal 122 back into the second uplink digital communications signal 120. The second uplink digital communications signal 120 is received by the signal interface module 102 and converted into the uplink communications signal 68 that is appropriate for transmission to the communications signal source 66.
With continuing reference to FIG. 4, upon receiving the downlink communications signal 70 that is destined for the adaptive analog remote unit 28(2), the signal interface module 102 turns the downlink communications signal 70 into at least one second downlink digital communications signal 124. The second OIM 106 receives and converts the second downlink digital communications signal 124 into at least one second downlink digital optical communications signal 126, which is provided to the analog RAU digital adaptor 30(1) over the second downlink optical fiber-based communications medium 114. The second O/E converter 118 in the analog RAU digital adaptor 30(1) receives and converts the second downlink digital optical communications signal 126 back into the second downlink digital communications signal 124. The signal conversion circuit 46 in turn receives and converts the second downlink digital communications signal 124 into the downlink analog RF communications signal 96, which is subsequently provided to the plurality of second client devices (now shown) by the analog RAU 32.
With continuing reference to FIG. 4, the digital RAU 72(1) receives the uplink digital RF communications signal 78 from the plurality of first client devices (not shown). The digital RAU 72(1) converts the uplink digital RF communications signal 78 into at least one first uplink digital optical communications signal 128, which is subsequently provided to the first OIM 104 over the first uplink optical fiber-based communications medium 108. The first OIM 104 then converts the first uplink digital optical communications signal 128 into at least one first uplink digital communications signal 130. The first uplink digital communications signal 130 is received by the signal interface module 102 and converted into the uplink communications signal 68 that is appropriate for transmission to the communications signal source 66.
With continuing reference to FIG. 4, when the signal interface module 102 receives the downlink communications signal 70 destined for the digital remote unit 62(1), the signal interface module 102 converts the downlink communications signal 70 into at least one first downlink digital communications signal 132. The first OIM 104 receives and converts the first downlink digital communications signal 132 into at least one first downlink digital optical communications signal 134. The first downlink digital optical communications signal 134 is provided to the digital RAU 72(1) over the first downlink optical fiber-based communications medium 110 and subsequently converted into the downlink digital RF communications signal 84 to be provided to the plurality of second client devices (not shown) as previously discussed in FIG. 2.
As illustrated above, it is possible to support the analog RAU 32 in the digital DAS 60 of FIG. 3 and the optical fiber-based digital DAS 100 of FIG. 4 by including the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 and 30(1), respectively, to provide conversions between the analog RF communications signals and the digital communications signals. Inside the analog RAU digital adaptors 30 and 30(1), the signal conversion circuit 46 is configured to carry out conversions between the analog RF communications signals and the digital communications signals. To further illustrate signal conversions happening inside the signal conversion circuit 46, FIGS. 5 and 6 are provided.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary signal conversion circuit 46(1), which can be provided in the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 in FIG. 3 and the analog RAU digital adaptor 30(1) in FIG. 4 to provide conversions between the analog RF communications signals and the digital communications signals by employing an intermediate frequency (IF) as an intermediate signal to enable the conversions. The signal conversion circuit 46(1) comprises a digital data processing circuit 136, an uplink signal processing path 138, and a downlink signal processing path 140. In a non-limiting example, the digital data processing circuit 136 may be a software function, a hardware element, or a combination of both. More specifically, the digital data processing circuit 136 may be a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit.
On the uplink signal processing path 138, an uplink variable gain amplifier 142 receives the uplink analog RF communications signal 90 from the first O/E converter 44 (not shown). The uplink variable gain amplifier 142 is configured to adjust the uplink analog RF communications signal 90 to a predetermined uplink power level. In a non-limiting example, the predetermined uplink power level is chosen in accordance to operating requirements of the signal conversion circuit 46(1). In another non-limiting example, the predetermined uplink power level is chosen based on uplink transmission power requirements of the digital DAS 60 of FIG. 3 or the optical fiber-based digital DAS 100 of FIG. 4. The uplink analog RF communications signal 90 is then provided to an uplink analog RF signal splitter 144, wherein the uplink analog RF communications signal 90 is split into at least one uplink analog RF data signal 146 and at least one uplink analog RF management signal 148. The uplink analog RF data signal 146 is received by an uplink RF signal filter 150, which is configured to remove or attenuate unwanted products and harmonics in the uplink analog RF data signal 146. An uplink modulator 152 receives the uplink analog RF data signal 146 after the uplink analog RF data signal 146 passes through the uplink RF signal filter 150. The uplink modulator 152 in turn modulates the uplink analog RF data signal 146 based on an uplink IF mixing frequency 154 provided by an uplink local oscillator 156 to generate at least one uplink analog IF data signal 158. An uplink IF signal filter 160 is provided to remove or attenuate unwanted products and harmonics from the uplink analog IF data signal 158. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 162 receives and converts the uplink analog IF data signal 158 into at least one uplink digital IF data signal 164. The uplink digital IF data signal 164 is then provided to the digital data processing circuit 136, where the uplink digital IF data signal 158 is demodulated to generate consecutive uplink data digital words (not shown).
The uplink analog RF management signal 148, on the other hand, is received by an uplink management signal interface 166, wherein the uplink analog RF management signal 148 is converted into at least one uplink digital management signal 168. The uplink digital management signal 168 is then provided to the digital data processing circuit 136, where the uplink digital management signal 168 is demodulated to generate consecutive uplink management digital words (not shown). The digital data processing circuit 136 is further configured to encapsulate the consecutive uplink data digital words (not shown) and the consecutive uplink management digital words (not shown) into formatted uplink data packets (not shown). In a non-limiting example, the formatted uplink data packets (not shown) may conform to a common public radio interface (CPRI) format, an Internet protocol (IP) format, or an Ethernet format. Subsequently, the digital data processing circuit 136 generates the second uplink digital communications signal 120 bearing the formatted uplink data packets (not shown).
With continuing reference to FIG. 5, on the downlink signal processing path 140, the digital data processing circuit 136 receives the second downlink digital communications signal 124 bearing formatted downlink data packets (not shown). In a non-limiting example, the formatted downlink data packets (not shown) may conform to the CPRI format, the IP format, or the Ethernet format. The digital data processing circuit 136 is configured to de-capsulate the formatted downlink data packets (not shown) into consecutive downlink data digital words (not shown) and consecutive downlink management digital words (not shown). The consecutive downlink data digital words (not shown) are then modulated to generate at least one downlink digital IF data signal 170. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 172 receives and converts the downlink digital IF data signal 170 to at least one downlink analog IF data signal 174. A downlink IF signal filter 176 is provided to remove or attenuate unwanted products and harmonics from the downlink analog IF data signal 174. A downlink modulator 178 is provided to receive the downlink analog IF data signal 174 after the downlink analog IF data signal 174 passes through the downlink IF signal filter 176. The downlink modulator 178 in turn modulates the downlink analog IF data signal 174 based on a downlink RF mixing frequency 180 provided by a downlink local oscillator 182 to generate at least one downlink analog RF data signal 184. By controlling the downlink RF mixing frequency 180, a center frequency of the downlink analog RF data signal 184 may be adjusted to match a RF frequency used by the analog RAU 32 (not shown). A downlink RF signal filter 186 is provided to remove or attenuate unwanted products and harmonics from the downlink analog RF data signal 184.
The consecutive downlink management digital words (not shown), on the other hand, are modulated at the digital data processing circuit 136 to generate at least one downlink digital management signal 188. A downlink management signal interface 190 receives and converts the downlink digital management signal 188 into at least one downlink analog RF management signal 192. Subsequently, a downlink analog RF signal combiner 194 combines the downlink analog RF data signal 184 and the downlink analog RF management signal 192 to generate the downlink analog RF communications signal 96. A downlink variable gain amplifier 196 then adjusts the downlink analog RF communications signal 96 to a predetermined downlink power level before providing to the first E/O converter 56 (not shown). In a non-limiting example, the predetermined downlink power level is chosen in accordance to transmission power requirements of the analog RAU 32.
Digital and analog IF signals used in the signal conversion circuit 46(1) of FIG. 5 are often carefully chosen to avoid interference with the uplink analog RF communications signal 90 and the downlink analog RF communications signal 96. Signal processing qualities in the signal conversion circuit 46(1) will improve as a result. In addition, the digital and analog IF signals may also be chosen to have a higher bandwidth, which may lead to improved performance and throughput during signal processing by the signal conversion circuit 46(1). However, using digital and analog IF signals for conversions between the analog RF communications signals and the digital communications signals typically increases complexity of the digital data processing circuit 136 and may increase the cost of the signal conversion circuit 46(1) as a whole. As a lower cost alternative to the signal conversion circuit 46(1) of FIG. 5, FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary signal conversion circuit 46(2), which can be provided in the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 in FIG. 3 and the analog RAU digital adaptor 30(1) in FIG. 4 to provide conversions between the analog RF communications signals and the digital communications signals by employing a quadrature (Q) signal and an in-phase (I) signal as intermediate signals to enable the conversions. Common elements between the signal conversion circuit 46(1) of FIG. 5 and the signal conversion circuit 46(2) of FIG. 6 are shown therein with common element numbers, and thus will not be re-described herein.
The signal conversion circuit 46(2) comprises a digital data processing circuit 198, an uplink signal processing path 200, and a downlink signal processing path 202. In a non-limiting example, the digital data processing circuit 198 may be a software function, a hardware element, or a combination of both. More specifically, the digital data processing circuit 198 may be another FPGA circuit.
On the uplink signal processing path 200, the uplink analog RF data signal 146 is received by an uplink quadrature demodulator 204 and separated into at least one uplink analog Q data signal 206 and at least one uplink analog I data signal 208. In a non-limiting example, the uplink quadrature demodulator 204 comprises an uplink Q signal demodulator 210 and an uplink I signal demodulator 212. An uplink phase shifter 214 is coupled to the uplink Q signal demodulator 210 and the uplink I signal demodulator 212 to provide orthogonality between the uplink analog Q data signal 206 and the uplink analog I data signal 208. The uplink quadrature demodulator 204 also comprises an uplink local oscillator 216, which is coupled to the uplink phase shifter 214 and configured to provide an uplink mixing frequency 218. An uplink Q signal filter 220 and an uplink I signal filter 222 are provided to remove or attenuate unwanted products and harmonics from the uplink analog Q data signal 206 and the uplink analog I data signal 208, respectively. Subsequently, an uplink Q signal ADC 224 and an uplink I signal ADC 226 are provided on the uplink signal processing path 200 to convert the uplink analog Q data signal 206 and the uplink analog I data signal 208 into at least one uplink digital Q data signal 228 and at least one uplink digital I data signal 230, respectively. The uplink digital Q data signal 228 and the uplink digital I data signal 230 are received by the digital data processing circuit 198 and demodulated to generate consecutive uplink data digital words (not shown) represented in at least one uplink Q data stream (not shown) and at least one uplink I data stream (not shown), respectively. The digital data processing circuit 198 is further configured to encapsulate the consecutive uplink data digital words (not shown) and the consecutive uplink management digital words (not shown) into formatted uplink data packets (not shown). In a non-limiting example, the formatted uplink data packets (not shown) may conform to the CPRI format, the IP format, or the Ethernet format. Subsequently, the digital data processing circuit 198 generates the second uplink digital communications signal 120 bearing the formatted uplink data packets (not shown).
With continuing reference to FIG. 6, on the downlink signal processing path 202, the digital data processing circuit 198 receives the second downlink digital communications signal 124 carrying formatted downlink data packets (not shown). In a non-limiting example, the formatted downlink data packets (not shown) may conform to the CPRI format, the IP format, or the Ethernet format. The digital data processing circuit 198 is configured to de-capsulate the formatted downlink data packets (not shown) into consecutive downlink digital words (not shown) represented in at least one downlink Q data stream (not shown) and at least one downlink I data stream (not shown). The at least one downlink Q data stream (not shown) and at least one downlink I data stream (not shown) are then modulated at the digital data processing circuit 198 to generate at least one downlink digital Q data signal 232 and at least one downlink digital I data signal 234, respectively. A downlink Q signal DAC 236 and a downlink I signal DAC 238 are provided on the downlink signal processing path 202 to convert the downlink digital Q data signal 232 and the downlink digital I data signal 234 into at least one downlink analog Q data signal 240 and at least one downlink analog I data signal 242, respectively. A downlink Q signal filter 244 and a downlink I signal filter 246 are provided to remove or attenuate unwanted products and harmonics from the downlink analog Q data signal 240 and the downlink analog I data signal 242, respectively. A downlink quadrature modulator 248 in turn combines the downlink analog Q data signal 240 and the downlink analog I data signal 242 to generate the downlink analog RF data signal 184. In a non-limiting example, the downlink quadrature modulator 248 comprises a downlink Q signal modulator 250 and a downlink I signal modulator 252. A downlink phase shifter 254 is coupled to the downlink Q signal modulator 250 and the downlink I signal modulator 252 to provide orthogonality between the downlink analog Q data signal 240 and the downlink analog I data signal 242. The downlink quadrature modulator 248 also comprises a downlink local oscillator 256, which is coupled to the downlink phase shifter 254 and configured to provide a downlink RF mixing frequency 258. By controlling the downlink RF mixing frequency 258, a center frequency of the downlink analog RF data signal 184 may be adjusted to match a RF frequency used by the analog RAU 32. Subsequently, the downlink analog RF signal combiner 194 combines the downlink analog RF data signal 184 and the downlink analog RF management signal 192 to generate the downlink analog RF communications signal 96.
FIG. 7A is a flowchart of an exemplary uplink signaling process 260 for supporting uplink analog RF communications signals transmissions from the analog RAU 32 to the digital DAS 60 of FIG. 3 and the optical fiber-based digital DAS 100 of FIG. 4 by converting the uplink analog RF communications signals into uplink digital communications signals. According to the uplink signaling process 260, the analog RAU 32 receives the uplink analog RF communications signal 90 from a plurality of client devices (block 262). The analog RAU 32 converts the uplink analog RF communications signal 90 to the uplink analog optical communications signal 42 (block 264). The analog RAU digital adaptor 30 receives the uplink analog optical communications signal 42 from the analog RAU 32 over the uplink optical fiber 38 (block 266). The analog RAU digital adaptor 30 then converts the uplink analog optical communications signal 42 back to the uplink analog RF communications signal 90 (block 268). Subsequently, the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 converts the uplink analog RF communications signal 90 into the second uplink digital communications signal 92 to be provided to the digital HEE 64 over the second uplink communications medium 86 (block 270).
FIG. 7B is a flowchart of an exemplary downlink signaling process 272 for supporting downlink digital communications signals transmissions from the digital DAS 60 of FIG. 3 and the optical fiber-based digital DAS 100 of FIG. 4 to the analog RAU 32 by converting downlink digital communications signals to downlink analog RF communications signals. According to the downlink signaling process 272, the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 receives the second downlink digital communications signal 94 from the digital HEE 64 over the second downlink communications medium 88 (block 274). The analog RAU digital adaptor 30 converts the second downlink digital communications signal 94 into at least one downlink analog RF communications signal 96 (block 276). The analog RAU digital adaptor 30 in turn converts the downlink analog RF communications signal 96 into the downlink analog optical communications signal 58 (block 278). The analog RAU digital adaptor 30 then provides the downlink analog optical communications signal 58 to the analog RAU 32 over the downlink optical fiber 40 (block 280). Subsequently, the analog RAU 32 converts the downlink analog optical communications signal 58 back to the downlink analog RF communications signal 96 to be provided to the plurality of client devices (block 282).
The digital DAS 60 of FIG. 3 and the optical fiber-based digital DAS 100 of FIG. 4 may be provided in an indoor environment, as illustrated in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a partially schematic cut-away diagram of an exemplary building infrastructure in which a digital DAS, including the digital DASs in FIGS. 3 and 4, which includes the analog RAU digital adaptor 30 in FIG. 3 and the analog RAU digital adaptor 30(1) in FIG. 4 to support the analog RAU 32, can be employed. The building infrastructure 290 in this embodiment includes a first (ground) floor 292(1), a second floor 292(2), and a third floor 292(3). The floors 292(1)-292(3) are serviced by a central unit 294 to provide antenna coverage areas 296 in the building infrastructure 290. The central unit 294 is communicatively coupled to the base station 298 to receive downlink communications signals 300D from the base station 298. The central unit 294 is communicatively coupled to remote antenna units 302 to receive uplink communications signals 300U from the remote antenna units 302, as previously discussed above. The downlink and uplink communications signals 300D, 300U communicated between the central unit 294 and the remote antenna units 302 are carried over a riser cable 304. The riser cable 304 may be routed through interconnect units (ICUs) 306(1)-306(3) dedicated to each of the floors 292(1)-292(3) that route the downlink and uplink communications signals 300D, 300U to the remote antenna units 302 and also provide power to the remote antenna units 302 via array cables 308.
1. A method for supporting an analog remote antenna unit (RAU) in a digital distributed antenna system (DAS), comprising:
receiving at least one uplink analog radio frequency (RF) communications signal by at least one analog RAU from a plurality of client devices;
converting the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal into at least one uplink analog optical communications signal to be provided to at least one analog RAU digital adaptor over at least one uplink optical fiber;
receiving the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal by the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor;
converting the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal back into the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal; and
converting the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal into at least one uplink digital communications signal to be distributed in the digital DAS, wherein the at least one uplink digital communications signal carries formatted uplink data packets.
receiving at least one downlink digital communications signal by the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor from the digital DAS, wherein the at least one downlink digital communications signal carries formatted downlink data packets;
converting the at least one downlink digital communications signal into at least one downlink analog RF communications signal;
converting the at least one downlink analog RF communications signal into at least one downlink analog optical communications signal to be provided to the at least one analog RAU over at least one downlink optical fiber;
receiving the at least one downlink analog optical communications signal by the at least one analog RAU; and
converting the at least one downlink analog optical communications signal back to the at least one downlink analog RF communications signal to be provided to the plurality of client devices.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising converting the at least one uplink digital communications signal into at least one uplink digital optical communications signal to be distributed to an optical fiber-based digital DAS.
4. The method of claim 2, further comprising converting at least one downlink digital optical communications signal received from an optical fiber-based digital DAS into the at least one downlink digital communications signal.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the formatted uplink data packets are configured to be in compliance with a common public radio interface (CPRI) packet format, an Internet protocol (IP) packet format, or an Ethernet packet format.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the formatted downlink data packets are configured to be in compliance with a common public radio interface (CPRI) packet format, an Internet protocol (IP) packet format, or an Ethernet packet format.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein converting the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal into the at least one uplink digital communications signal comprises:
adjusting the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal to a predetermined uplink power level;
splitting the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal to generate at least one uplink analog RF data signal;
attenuating unwanted products and harmonics in the at least one uplink analog RF data signal;
modulating the at least one uplink analog RF data signal to generate at least one uplink analog intermediate frequency (IF) data signal;
attenuating unwanted products and harmonics in the at least one uplink analog IF data signal;
converting the at least one uplink analog IF data signal into at least one uplink digital IF data signal;
demodulating the at least one uplink digital IF data signal to generate consecutive uplink data digital words; and
encapsulating the consecutive uplink data digital words into formatted uplink data packets.
splitting the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal to generate at least one uplink analog RF management signal;
converting the at least one uplink analog RF management signal into at least one uplink digital management signal;
demodulating the at least one uplink digital management signal to generate consecutive uplink management digital words;
encapsulating the consecutive uplink management digital words into the formatted uplink data packets; and
providing the formatted uplink data packets in the at least one uplink digital communications signal.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein converting the at least one downlink digital communications signal into the at least one downlink analog RF communications signal comprises:
receiving the formatted downlink data packets in the at least one downlink digital communications signal;
decapsulating the formatted downlink data packets to generate consecutive downlink data digital words;
modulating the consecutive downlink data digital words to generate at least one downlink digital intermediate frequency (IF) data signal;
converting the at least one downlink digital IF data signal into at least one downlink analog IF data signal;
attenuating unwanted products and harmonics in the at least one downlink analog IF data signal;
modulating the at least one downlink analog IF data signal to generate at least one downlink analog RF data signal; and
attenuating unwanted products and harmonics in the at least one downlink analog RF data signal.
decapsulating the formatted downlink data packets to generate consecutive downlink management digital words;
modulating the consecutive downlink management digital words to generate at least one downlink digital management signal;
converting the at least one downlink digital management signal into at least one downlink analog RF management signal;
combining the at least one downlink analog RF management signal and the at least one downlink analog RF data signal to generate the at least one downlink analog RF communications signal; and
adjusting the at least one downlink analog RF communications signal to a predetermined downlink power level.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein converting the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal into the at least one uplink digital communications signal comprises:
demodulating the at least one uplink analog RF data signal to generate at least one uplink analog quadrature (Q) data signal and at least one uplink analog in-phase (I) data signal;
attenuating unwanted products and harmonics in the at least one uplink analog Q data signal and the at least one uplink analog I data signal;
converting the at least one uplink analog Q data signal and the at least one uplink analog I data signal into at least one uplink digital Q data signal and at least one uplink digital I data signal, respectively;
demodulating the at least one uplink digital Q data signal and the at least one uplink digital I data signal to generate consecutive uplink data digital words represented in at least one uplink Q data stream and at least one uplink I data stream, respectively; and
encapsulating the at least one uplink Q data stream and the at least one uplink I data stream into formatted uplink data packets.
13. The method of claim 2, wherein converting the at least one downlink digital communications signal into the at least one downlink analog RF communications signal further comprises:
receiving formatted downlink data packets in the at least one downlink digital communications signal;
decapsulating the formatted downlink data packets to generate consecutive downlink data digital words represented in at least one downlink quadrature (Q) data stream and at least one downlink in-phase (I) data stream;
modulating the at least one downlink Q data stream and the at least one downlink I data stream to generate at least one downlink digital Q data signal and at least one downlink digital I data signal, respectively;
converting the at least one downlink digital Q data signal and the at least one downlink digital I data signal into at least one downlink analog Q data signal and at least one downlink analog I data signal, respectively;
attenuating unwanted products and harmonics in the at least one downlink analog Q data signal and the at least one downlink analog I data signal;
modulating the at least one downlink analog Q data signal and the at least one downlink analog I data signal to generate at least one downlink analog RF data signal; and
15. An adaptive analog remote unit for a digital distributed antenna system (DAS), comprising:
at least one analog remote antenna unit (RAU) configured to: receive at least one uplink analog radio frequency (RF) communications signal from at least one client device; and convert the at least one uplink analog RF communications signal into at least one uplink analog optical communications signal;
at least one analog RAU digital adaptor coupled to the at least one analog RAU over at least one uplink optical fiber;
wherein the at least one analog RAU is configured to provide the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal to the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor; and
the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor configured to: receive the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal from the at least one analog RAU over the at least one uplink optical fiber; and convert the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal into at least one uplink digital communications signal; and distribute the at least one uplink digital communications signal over at least one uplink communications medium to a digital head-end equipment (HEE) in the digital DAS, wherein the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor comprises: at least one first optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter coupled to the at least one uplink optical fiber; and at least one first electrical-to-optical (E/O) converter coupled to at least one downlink optical fiber; and
wherein the at least one analog RAU is coupled to the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor over the at least one uplink optical fiber and the at least one downlink optical fiber, wherein the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor further comprises:
an uplink variable gain amplifier coupled to the at least one first O/E converter;
an uplink analog radio frequency (RF) signal splitter coupled to the uplink variable gain amplifier;
an uplink RF signal filter coupled to the uplink analog RF signal splitter;
an uplink modulator coupled to the uplink RF signal filter;
an uplink local oscillator coupled to the uplink modulator;
an uplink intermediate frequency (IF) signal filter coupled to the uplink modulator;
an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the uplink IF signal filter;
a digital data processing circuit coupled to the ADC; and
an uplink management signal interface coupled to the uplink analog RF signal splitter and the digital data processing circuit.
16. The adaptive analog remote unit of claim 15, wherein the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor further comprises:
a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) coupled to the digital data processing circuit;
a downlink IF signal filter coupled to the DAC;
a downlink modulator coupled to the downlink IF signal filter;
a downlink local oscillator coupled to the downlink modulator;
a downlink RF signal filter coupled to the downlink modulator;
a downlink analog RF signal combiner coupled to the downlink RF signal filter;
a downlink management signal interface coupled to the digital data processing circuit and the downlink analog RF signal combiner; and
a downlink variable gain amplifier coupled to the downlink analog RF signal combiner and the at least one first E/O converter.
17. An adaptive analog remote unit for a digital distributed antenna system (DAS), comprising:
the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor configured to: receive the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal from the at least one analog RAU over the at least one uplink optical fiber; and convert the at least one uplink analog optical communications signal into at least one uplink digital communications signal; and distribute the at least one uplink digital communications signal over at least one uplink communications medium to a digital head-end equipment (HEE) in the digital DAS, wherein:
the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor comprises: at least one first optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter coupled to the at least one uplink optical fiber; and at least one first electrical-to-optical (E/O) converter coupled to at least one downlink optical fiber; and
wherein the at least one analog RAU is coupled to the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor over the at least one uplink optical fiber and the at least one downlink optical fiber,
wherein the at least one analog RAU digital adaptor further comprises:
an uplink analog RF signal splitter coupled to the uplink variable gain amplifier;
an uplink quadrature demodulator, further comprising: an uplink quadrature (Q) signal demodulator coupled to the uplink RF signal filter; an uplink in-phase (I) signal demodulator coupled to the uplink RF signal filter; an uplink phase shifter coupled to the uplink Q signal demodulator and the uplink I signal demodulator; and an uplink local oscillator coupled to the uplink phase shifter;
an uplink Q signal filter coupled to the uplink Q signal demodulator;
an uplink I signal filter coupled to the uplink I signal demodulator;
an uplink Q signal analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the uplink Q signal filter;
an uplink I signal ADC coupled to the uplink I signal filter;
a digital data processing circuit coupled to the uplink Q signal ADC and the uplink I signal ADC; and
an uplink management signal interface coupled to the uplink analog RF signal splitter and the digital data processing circuit,
a downlink Q signal digital-to-analog converter (DAC) coupled to the digital data processing circuit;
a downlink I signal DAC coupled to the digital data processing circuit;
a downlink Q signal filter coupled to the downlink Q signal DAC;
a downlink I signal filter coupled to the downlink I signal DAC;
a downlink quadrature modulator, comprising:
a downlink phase shifter coupled to the downlink Q signal modulator and the downlink I signal modulator; and
a downlink local oscillator coupled to the downlink phase shifter;
a downlink RF signal filter coupled to the downlink Q signal modulator and the downlink I signal modulator;
a downlink analog RF signal combiner coupled the downlink RF signal filter;
4867527 September 19, 1989 Dotti et al.
4889977 December 26, 1989 Haydon
5039195 August 13, 1991 Jenkins et al.
5042086 August 1991 Cole et al.
5189719 February 23, 1993 Coleman et al.
5263108 November 16, 1993 Kurokawa et al.
5267122 November 30, 1993 Glover et al.
5299947 April 5, 1994 Barnard
5301056 April 5, 1994 O'Neill
5339058 August 16, 1994 Lique
5424864 June 13, 1995 Emura
5444564 August 22, 1995 Newberg
5459727 October 17, 1995 Vannucci
5546443 August 13, 1996 Raith
5598288 January 28, 1997 Collar
5615034 March 25, 1997 Hori
5640678 June 17, 1997 Ishikawa et al.
5648961 July 15, 1997 Ebihara
5651081 July 22, 1997 Blew et al.
5668562 September 16, 1997 Cutrer et al.
5677974 October 14, 1997 Elms et al.
5682256 October 28, 1997 Motley et al.
5703602 December 30, 1997 Casebolt
5812296 September 22, 1998 Tarusawa et al.
5818619 October 6, 1998 Medved et al.
5838474 November 17, 1998 Stilling
5881200 March 9, 1999 Burt
5883882 March 16, 1999 Schwartz
5896568 April 20, 1999 Tseng et al.
5913003 June 15, 1999 Arroyo et al.
5917636 June 29, 1999 Wake et al.
5936754 August 10, 1999 Ariyavisitakul et al.
5946622 August 31, 1999 Bojeryd
5949564 September 7, 1999 Wake
5959531 September 28, 1999 Gallagher, III et al.
6016426 January 18, 2000 Bodell
6078622 June 20, 2000 Boytim et al.
6088381 July 11, 2000 Myers, Jr.
6112086 August 29, 2000 Wala
6124957 September 26, 2000 Goel et al.
6148041 November 14, 2000 Dent
6219553 April 17, 2001 Panasik
6268946 July 31, 2001 Larkin et al.
6292673 September 18, 2001 Maeda et al.
6314163 November 6, 2001 Acampora
6324391 November 27, 2001 Bodell
6334219 December 25, 2001 Hill et al.
6337754 January 8, 2002 Imajo
6353600 March 5, 2002 Schwartz et al.
6356374 March 12, 2002 Farhan
6373611 April 16, 2002 Farhan et al.
6374311 April 16, 2002 Mahany et al.
6392770 May 21, 2002 Sasai et al.
6405308 June 11, 2002 Gupta et al.
6438301 August 20, 2002 Johnson et al.
6438371 August 20, 2002 Fujise et al.
6501965 December 31, 2002 Lucidarme
6504636 January 7, 2003 Seto et al.
6525855 February 25, 2003 Westbrook et al.
6549772 April 15, 2003 Chavez et al.
6556551 April 29, 2003 Schwartz
6577794 June 10, 2003 Currie et al.
6577801 June 10, 2003 Broderick et al.
6580402 June 17, 2003 Navarro et al.
6580905 June 17, 2003 Naidu et al.
6580918 June 17, 2003 Leickel et al.
6583763 June 24, 2003 Judd
6594496 July 15, 2003 Schwartz
6597325 July 22, 2003 Judd et al.
6606430 August 12, 2003 Bartur et al.
6634811 October 21, 2003 Gertel et al.
6636747 October 21, 2003 Harada et al.
6640103 October 28, 2003 Inman et al.
6643437 November 4, 2003 Park
6657535 December 2, 2003 Magbie et al.
6658269 December 2, 2003 Golemon et al.
6670930 December 30, 2003 Navarro
6675294 January 6, 2004 Gupta et al.
6687437 February 3, 2004 Starnes et al.
6690328 February 10, 2004 Judd
6704298 March 9, 2004 Matsumiya et al.
6704579 March 9, 2004 Woodhead et al.
6710366 March 23, 2004 Lee et al.
6731880 May 4, 2004 Westbrook et al.
6758913 July 6, 2004 Tunney et al.
6771862 August 3, 2004 Karnik et al.
6771933 August 3, 2004 Eng et al.
6785558 August 31, 2004 Stratford et al.
6788666 September 7, 2004 Linebarger et al.
6801767 October 5, 2004 Schwartz et al.
6807374 October 19, 2004 Imajo et al.
6812905 November 2, 2004 Thomas et al.
6826164 November 30, 2004 Mani et al.
6826165 November 30, 2004 Meier et al.
6826337 November 30, 2004 Linnell
6842433 January 11, 2005 West et al.
6847856 January 25, 2005 Bohannon
6865390 March 8, 2005 Goss et al.
6873823 March 29, 2005 Hasarchi et al.
6876056 April 5, 2005 Tilmans et al.
6876852 April 5, 2005 Li et al.
6879290 April 12, 2005 Toutain et al.
6882833 April 19, 2005 Nguyen
6885846 April 26, 2005 Panasik et al.
6889060 May 3, 2005 Fernando et al.
6895253 May 17, 2005 Carloni et al.
6909399 June 21, 2005 Zegelin et al.
6915058 July 5, 2005 Pons
6919858 July 19, 2005 Rofougaran
6924997 August 2, 2005 Chen et al.
6930987 August 16, 2005 Fukuda et al.
6931183 August 16, 2005 Panak et al.
6965718 November 15, 2005 Koertel
6968107 November 22, 2005 Belardi et al.
6970652 November 29, 2005 Zhang et al.
6973243 December 6, 2005 Koyasu et al.
6974262 December 13, 2005 Rickenbach
7006465 February 28, 2006 Toshimitsu et al.
7013087 March 14, 2006 Suzuki et al.
7020451 March 28, 2006 Sugar et al.
7020473 March 28, 2006 Splett
7035512 April 25, 2006 Van Bijsterveld
7035671 April 25, 2006 Solum
7039399 May 2, 2006 Fischer
7047028 May 16, 2006 Cagenius
7050017 May 23, 2006 King et al.
7053838 May 30, 2006 Judd
7072586 July 4, 2006 Aburakawa et al.
7082320 July 25, 2006 Kattukaran et al.
7084769 August 1, 2006 Bauer et al.
7092710 August 15, 2006 Stoter et al.
7093985 August 22, 2006 Lord et al.
7103312 September 5, 2006 Judd et al.
7103377 September 5, 2006 Bauman et al.
7106931 September 12, 2006 Sutehall et al.
7110381 September 19, 2006 O'Sullivan et al.
7114859 October 3, 2006 Tuohimaa et al.
7127175 October 24, 2006 Mani et al.
7127176 October 24, 2006 Sasaki
7133697 November 7, 2006 Judd et al.
7142535 November 28, 2006 Kubler et al.
7160032 January 9, 2007 Nagashima et al.
7199443 April 3, 2007 Elsharawy
7200391 April 3, 2007 Chung et al.
7228072 June 5, 2007 Mickelsson et al.
7245603 July 17, 2007 Lucidarme et al.
7257328 August 14, 2007 Levinson et al.
7263293 August 28, 2007 Ommodt et al.
7269311 September 11, 2007 Kim et al.
7286507 October 23, 2007 Oh
7286843 October 23, 2007 Scheck
7286854 October 23, 2007 Ferrato et al.
7310430 December 18, 2007 Mallya et al.
7313415 December 25, 2007 Wake et al.
7315735 January 1, 2008 Graham
7324730 January 29, 2008 Varkey et al.
7343164 March 11, 2008 Kallstenius
7349633 March 25, 2008 Lee et al.
7359408 April 15, 2008 Kim
7359674 April 15, 2008 Markki et al.
7366150 April 29, 2008 Lee et al.
7366151 April 29, 2008 Kubler et al.
7369526 May 6, 2008 Lechleider et al.
7379669 May 27, 2008 Kim
7392029 June 24, 2008 Pronkine
7394883 July 1, 2008 Funakubo et al.
7403156 July 22, 2008 Coppi et al.
7409159 August 5, 2008 Izadpanah
7424228 September 9, 2008 Williams et al.
7442679 October 28, 2008 Stolte et al.
7444051 October 28, 2008 Tatat et al.
7450853 November 11, 2008 Kim et al.
7450854 November 11, 2008 Lee et al.
7451365 November 11, 2008 Wang et al.
7457646 November 25, 2008 Mahany et al.
7460507 December 2, 2008 Kubler et al.
7460829 December 2, 2008 Utsumi et al.
7460831 December 2, 2008 Hasarchi
7466925 December 16, 2008 Iannelli
7469105 December 23, 2008 Wake et al.
7477597 January 13, 2009 Segel
7483504 January 27, 2009 Shapira et al.
7496070 February 24, 2009 Vesuna
7496384 February 24, 2009 Seto et al.
7522552 April 21, 2009 Fein et al.
7542452 June 2, 2009 Penumetsa
7548695 June 16, 2009 Wake
7552246 June 23, 2009 Mahany et al.
7557758 July 7, 2009 Rofougaran
7580384 August 25, 2009 Kubler et al.
7586861 September 8, 2009 Kubler et al.
7590354 September 15, 2009 Sauer et al.
7599420 October 6, 2009 Forenza et al.
7606594 October 20, 2009 Jesse et al.
7627250 December 1, 2009 George et al.
7630690 December 8, 2009 Kaewell, Jr. et al.
7633934 December 15, 2009 Kubler et al.
7646743 January 12, 2010 Kubler et al.
7646777 January 12, 2010 Hicks, III et al.
7653397 January 26, 2010 Pernu et al.
7668153 February 23, 2010 Zavadsky
7668565 February 23, 2010 Ylänen et al.
7664709 February 16, 2010 Ray et al.
7688811 March 30, 2010 Kubler et al.
7693486 April 6, 2010 Kasslin et al.
7697467 April 13, 2010 Kubler et al.
7715375 May 11, 2010 Kubler et al.
7715466 May 11, 2010 Oh et al.
7751374 July 6, 2010 Donovan
7751838 July 6, 2010 Ramesh et al.
7760703 July 20, 2010 Kubler et al.
7761093 July 20, 2010 Sabat, Jr. et al.
7764978 July 27, 2010 West
7768951 August 3, 2010 Kubler et al.
7773573 August 10, 2010 Chung et al.
7778603 August 17, 2010 Palin et al.
7783263 August 24, 2010 Sperlich et al.
7787854 August 31, 2010 Conyers et al.
7805073 September 28, 2010 Sabat, Jr. et al.
7809012 October 5, 2010 Ruuska et al.
7817958 October 19, 2010 Scheinert et al.
7817969 October 19, 2010 Castaneda et al.
7835328 November 16, 2010 Stephens et al.
7844273 November 30, 2010 Scheinert
7848316 December 7, 2010 Kubler et al.
7848731 December 7, 2010 Dianda et al.
7853234 December 14, 2010 Afsahi
7870321 January 11, 2011 Rofougaran
7894423 February 22, 2011 Kubler et al.
7899007 March 1, 2011 Kubler et al.
7907972 March 15, 2011 Walton et al.
7912043 March 22, 2011 Kubler et al.
7916706 March 29, 2011 Kubler et al.
7917145 March 29, 2011 Mahany et al.
7920553 April 5, 2011 Kubler et al.
7920858 April 5, 2011 Sabat, Jr. et al.
7924783 April 12, 2011 Mahany et al.
7936713 May 3, 2011 Kubler et al.
7948897 May 24, 2011 Stuart et al.
7949364 May 24, 2011 Kasslin et al.
7957777 June 7, 2011 Vu et al.
7962042 June 14, 2011 Deas
7962176 June 14, 2011 Li et al.
7969911 June 28, 2011 Mahany et al.
7990925 August 2, 2011 Tinnakornsrisuphap et al.
8010116 August 30, 2011 Scheinert
8018907 September 13, 2011 Kubler et al.
8036308 October 11, 2011 Rofougaran
8082353 December 20, 2011 Huber et al.
8086192 December 27, 2011 Rofougaran et al.
8107464 January 31, 2012 Schmidt et al.
8135102 March 13, 2012 Wiwel et al.
8155525 April 10, 2012 Cox
8174428 May 8, 2012 Wegener
8208434 June 26, 2012 Sayana et al.
8213401 July 3, 2012 Fischer et al.
8270387 September 18, 2012 Cannon et al.
8274929 September 25, 2012 Schmidt et al.
8279800 October 2, 2012 Schmidt et al.
8290483 October 16, 2012 Sabat, Jr. et al.
8306563 November 6, 2012 Zavadsky et al.
8346091 January 1, 2013 Kummetz et al.
8346160 January 1, 2013 Kummetz
8346278 January 1, 2013 Wala et al.
8422884 April 16, 2013 Mao
8428510 April 23, 2013 Stratford et al.
8457562 June 4, 2013 Zavadsky et al.
8462683 June 11, 2013 Uyehara et al.
8467823 June 18, 2013 Seki et al.
8472579 June 25, 2013 Uyehara et al.
8509215 August 13, 2013 Stuart
8509850 August 13, 2013 Zavadsky et al.
8526970 September 3, 2013 Wala et al.
8532242 September 10, 2013 Fischer et al.
8532566 September 10, 2013 Dussmann
8548526 October 1, 2013 Schmidt et al.
8583100 November 12, 2013 Koziy et al.
8626245 January 7, 2014 Zavadsky et al.
8634766 January 21, 2014 Hobbs et al.
8681917 March 25, 2014 McAllister et al.
8682338 March 25, 2014 Lemson et al.
8693342 April 8, 2014 Uyehara et al.
8694034 April 8, 2014 Notargiacomo
8699982 April 15, 2014 Singh
8737300 May 27, 2014 Stapleton et al.
8737454 May 27, 2014 Wala et al.
8743718 June 3, 2014 Grenier et al.
8743756 June 3, 2014 Uyehara et al.
8792933 July 29, 2014 Chen
8837659 September 16, 2014 Uyehara et al.
8837940 September 16, 2014 Smith et al.
8908607 December 9, 2014 Kummetz et al.
8929288 January 6, 2015 Stewart et al.
8948816 February 3, 2015 Fischer et al.
8958789 February 17, 2015 Bauman et al.
8976067 March 10, 2015 Fischer
9001811 April 7, 2015 Wala et al.
9037143 May 19, 2015 Berlin et al.
9042732 May 26, 2015 Cune et al.
9270374 February 23, 2016 Cune et al.
9325429 April 26, 2016 Berlin et al.
9525488 December 20, 2016 Beamon et al.
9602176 March 21, 2017 Schmid et al.
9642102 May 2, 2017 Machida
20010000621 May 3, 2001 Mitsuda et al.
20010036163 November 1, 2001 Sabat, Jr. et al.
20010053011 December 20, 2001 Imajo
20020003645 January 10, 2002 Kim et al.
20020012336 January 31, 2002 Hughes et al.
20020012495 January 31, 2002 Sasai et al.
20020031113 March 14, 2002 Dodds et al.
20020048071 April 25, 2002 Suzuki et al.
20020055371 May 9, 2002 Arnon et al.
20020075906 June 20, 2002 Cole et al.
20020090915 July 11, 2002 Komara et al.
20020092347 July 18, 2002 Niekerk et al.
20020111149 August 15, 2002 Shoki
20020111192 August 15, 2002 Thomas et al.
20020114038 August 22, 2002 Arnon et al.
20020123365 September 5, 2002 Thorson et al.
20020176354 November 28, 2002 Chiodini
20020181668 December 5, 2002 Masoian et al.
20020190845 December 19, 2002 Moore
20030007214 January 9, 2003 Aburakawa et al.
20030016418 January 23, 2003 Westbrook et al.
20030045284 March 6, 2003 Copley et al.
20030078052 April 24, 2003 Atias et al.
20030078074 April 24, 2003 Sesay et al.
20030141962 July 31, 2003 Barink
20030161637 August 28, 2003 Yamamoto et al.
20030165287 September 4, 2003 Krill et al.
20040001719 January 1, 2004 Sasaki
20040008114 January 15, 2004 Sawyer
20040037300 February 26, 2004 Lehr et al.
20040041714 March 4, 2004 Forster
20040043764 March 4, 2004 Bigham et al.
20040047313 March 11, 2004 Rumpf et al.
20040049321 March 11, 2004 Lehr et al.
20040105435 June 3, 2004 Morioka
20040106435 June 3, 2004 Bauman et al.
20040110469 June 10, 2004 Judd et al.
20040126068 July 1, 2004 Van Bijsterveld
20040131125 July 8, 2004 Sanderford, Jr. et al.
20040146020 July 29, 2004 Kubler et al.
20040149736 August 5, 2004 Clothier
20040151164 August 5, 2004 Kubler et al.
20040151503 August 5, 2004 Kashima et al.
20040157623 August 12, 2004 Splett
20040160912 August 19, 2004 Kubler et al.
20040160913 August 19, 2004 Kubler et al.
20040162116 August 19, 2004 Han et al.
20040165573 August 26, 2004 Kubler et al.
20040175173 September 9, 2004 Deas
20040198451 October 7, 2004 Varghese
20040203339 October 14, 2004 Bauman
20040203704 October 14, 2004 Ommodt et al.
20040204109 October 14, 2004 Hoppenstein
20040208526 October 21, 2004 Mibu
20040218873 November 4, 2004 Nagashima et al.
20040230846 November 18, 2004 Mancey et al.
20040233877 November 25, 2004 Lee et al.
20050052287 March 10, 2005 Whitesmith et al.
20050058451 March 17, 2005 Ross
20050068179 March 31, 2005 Roesner
20050076982 April 14, 2005 Metcalf et al.
20050099343 May 12, 2005 Asrani et al.
20050116821 June 2, 2005 Wilsey et al.
20050141545 June 30, 2005 Fein et al.
20050143077 June 30, 2005 Charbonneau
20050147071 July 7, 2005 Karaoguz et al.
20050148306 July 7, 2005 Hiddink
20050159108 July 21, 2005 Fletcher et al.
20050174236 August 11, 2005 Brookner
20050201761 September 15, 2005 Bartur et al.
20050219050 October 6, 2005 Martin
20050220458 October 6, 2005 Kupershmidt et al.
20050226625 October 13, 2005 Wake et al.
20050232636 October 20, 2005 Durrant et al.
20050266797 December 1, 2005 Utsumi et al.
20050266854 December 1, 2005 Niiho et al.
20050269930 December 8, 2005 Shimizu et al.
20050271396 December 8, 2005 Iannelli
20060014548 January 19, 2006 Bolin et al.
20060017633 January 26, 2006 Pronkine
20060019604 January 26, 2006 Hasarchi
20060045054 March 2, 2006 Utsumi et al.
20060053324 March 9, 2006 Giat et al.
20060062579 March 23, 2006 Kim et al.
20060079290 April 13, 2006 Seto et al.
20060094470 May 4, 2006 Wake et al.
20060104643 May 18, 2006 Lee et al.
20060159388 July 20, 2006 Kawase et al.
20060182446 August 17, 2006 Kim et al.
20060182449 August 17, 2006 Iannelli et al.
20060189354 August 24, 2006 Lee et al.
20060222369 October 5, 2006 Kim et al.
20060233506 October 19, 2006 Noonan et al.
20060239630 October 26, 2006 Hase et al.
20060267843 November 30, 2006 Sakama et al.
20060274704 December 7, 2006 Desai et al.
20070008939 January 11, 2007 Fischer
20070009266 January 11, 2007 Bothwell et al.
20070058978 March 15, 2007 Lee et al.
20070060045 March 15, 2007 Prautzsch
20070060055 March 15, 2007 Desai et al.
20070076649 April 5, 2007 Lin et al.
20070093273 April 26, 2007 Cai
20070149250 June 28, 2007 Crozzoli et al.
20070157251 July 5, 2007 Shrivastava et al.
20070166042 July 19, 2007 Seeds et al.
20070224954 September 27, 2007 Gopi
20070243899 October 18, 2007 Hermel et al.
20070248358 October 25, 2007 Sauer
20070253714 November 1, 2007 Seeds et al.
20070257796 November 8, 2007 Easton et al.
20070285239 December 13, 2007 Easton et al.
20070286599 December 13, 2007 Sauer et al.
20080007453 January 10, 2008 Vassilakis et al.
20080013909 January 17, 2008 Kostet et al.
20080013956 January 17, 2008 Ware et al.
20080014948 January 17, 2008 Scheinert
20080014992 January 17, 2008 Pescod et al.
20080026765 January 31, 2008 Charbonneau
20080031628 February 7, 2008 Dragas et al.
20080043714 February 21, 2008 Pernu
20080043784 February 21, 2008 Wilcox
20080044186 February 21, 2008 George et al.
20080056167 March 6, 2008 Kim et al.
20080058018 March 6, 2008 Scheinert
20080063387 March 13, 2008 Yahata et al.
20080098203 April 24, 2008 Master et al.
20080118014 May 22, 2008 Reunamaki et al.
20080119198 May 22, 2008 Hettstedt et al.
20080124086 May 29, 2008 Matthews
20080124087 May 29, 2008 Hartmann et al.
20080129634 June 5, 2008 Pera et al.
20080134194 June 5, 2008 Liu
20080145061 June 19, 2008 Lee et al.
20080150514 June 26, 2008 Codreanu et al.
20080159226 July 3, 2008 He et al.
20080165720 July 10, 2008 Hu et al.
20080168283 July 10, 2008 Penning
20080181282 July 31, 2008 Wala et al.
20080194226 August 14, 2008 Rivas et al.
20080207253 August 28, 2008 Jaakkola et al.
20080212969 September 4, 2008 Fasshauer et al.
20080219670 September 11, 2008 Kim et al.
20080232799 September 25, 2008 Kim
20080253351 October 16, 2008 Pernu et al.
20080253773 October 16, 2008 Zheng
20080260388 October 23, 2008 Kim et al.
20080261656 October 23, 2008 Bella et al.
20080268833 October 30, 2008 Huang et al.
20080273844 November 6, 2008 Kewitsch
20080279137 November 13, 2008 Pernu et al.
20080291830 November 27, 2008 Pernu et al.
20080292322 November 27, 2008 Daghighian et al.
20080298813 December 4, 2008 Song et al.
20080304831 December 11, 2008 Miller, II et al.
20080310848 December 18, 2008 Yasuda et al.
20080311944 December 18, 2008 Hansen et al.
20090022304 January 22, 2009 Kubler et al.
20090028087 January 29, 2009 Nguyen et al.
20090028317 January 29, 2009 Ling et al.
20090041413 February 12, 2009 Hurley
20090047023 February 19, 2009 Pescod et al.
20090059903 March 5, 2009 Kubler et al.
20090061796 March 5, 2009 Arkko et al.
20090061939 March 5, 2009 Andersson et al.
20090073916 March 19, 2009 Zhang et al.
20090081985 March 26, 2009 Rofougaran et al.
20090086693 April 2, 2009 Kennedy
20090087181 April 2, 2009 Gray
20090088072 April 2, 2009 Rofougaran et al.
20090092394 April 9, 2009 Wei et al.
20090097855 April 16, 2009 Thelen et al.
20090135078 May 28, 2009 Lindmark et al.
20090154621 June 18, 2009 Shapira et al.
20090175214 July 9, 2009 Star et al.
20090180407 July 16, 2009 Sabat et al.
20090180426 July 16, 2009 Sabat et al.
20090218407 September 3, 2009 Rofougaran
20090221249 September 3, 2009 Aue et al.
20090245084 October 1, 2009 Moffatt et al.
20090245153 October 1, 2009 Li et al.
20090245221 October 1, 2009 Piipponen
20090252204 October 8, 2009 Shatara et al.
20090252205 October 8, 2009 Rheinfelder et al.
20090285147 November 19, 2009 Subasic et al.
20090290632 November 26, 2009 Wegener
20090316609 December 24, 2009 Singh
20100002626 January 7, 2010 Schmidt et al.
20100002661 January 7, 2010 Schmidt et al.
20100009394 January 14, 2010 Guo
20100009694 January 14, 2010 Fischer
20100027443 February 4, 2010 LoGalbo et al.
20100054227 March 4, 2010 Hettstedt et al.
20100056200 March 4, 2010 Tolonen
20100067426 March 18, 2010 Voschina et al.
20100067906 March 18, 2010 Adhikari et al.
20100080154 April 1, 2010 Noh et al.
20100080182 April 1, 2010 Kubler et al.
20100083330 April 1, 2010 Bernstein et al.
20100091475 April 15, 2010 Toms et al.
20100118864 May 13, 2010 Kubler et al.
20100127937 May 27, 2010 Chandrasekaran et al.
20100134257 June 3, 2010 Puleston et al.
20100144337 June 10, 2010 Dean
20100148373 June 17, 2010 Chandrasekaran
20100150034 June 17, 2010 Song et al.
20100177759 July 15, 2010 Fischer et al.
20100177760 July 15, 2010 Cannon et al.
20100188998 July 29, 2010 Pernu et al.
20100189439 July 29, 2010 Novak et al.
20100196013 August 5, 2010 Franklin
20100202326 August 12, 2010 Rofougaran et al.
20100202356 August 12, 2010 Fischer et al.
20100208777 August 19, 2010 Ogaz
20100215028 August 26, 2010 Fischer
20100225413 September 9, 2010 Rofougaran et al.
20100225556 September 9, 2010 Rofougaran et al.
20100225557 September 9, 2010 Rofougaran et al.
20100232323 September 16, 2010 Kubler et al.
20100246558 September 30, 2010 Harel
20100258949 October 14, 2010 Henderson et al.
20100260063 October 14, 2010 Kubler et al.
20100278530 November 4, 2010 Kummetz et al.
20100290355 November 18, 2010 Roy et al.
20100291949 November 18, 2010 Shapira et al.
20100296458 November 25, 2010 Wala et al.
20100296816 November 25, 2010 Larsen
20100309049 December 9, 2010 Reunamäki et al.
20100311472 December 9, 2010 Rofougaran et al.
20100311480 December 9, 2010 Raines et al.
20100316609 December 16, 2010 Dewhurst et al.
20100329161 December 30, 2010 Ylanen et al.
20100329166 December 30, 2010 Mahany et al.
20110007724 January 13, 2011 Mahany et al.
20110007733 January 13, 2011 Kubler et al.
20110008042 January 13, 2011 Stewart
20110021146 January 27, 2011 Pernu
20110021224 January 27, 2011 Koskinen et al.
20110045767 February 24, 2011 Rofougaran et al.
20110055875 March 3, 2011 Zussman
20110069668 March 24, 2011 Chion et al.
20110070821 March 24, 2011 Chun et al.
20110105016 May 5, 2011 Saito et al.
20110116393 May 19, 2011 Hong et al.
20110116572 May 19, 2011 Lee et al.
20110126071 May 26, 2011 Han et al.
20110135308 June 9, 2011 Tarlazzi et al.
20110141895 June 16, 2011 Zhang
20110149879 June 23, 2011 Noriega et al.
20110158297 June 30, 2011 Ding et al.
20110158298 June 30, 2011 Djadi et al.
20110170619 July 14, 2011 Anvari
20110182230 July 28, 2011 Ohm et al.
20110182255 July 28, 2011 Kim et al.
20110204504 August 25, 2011 Henderson et al.
20110211439 September 1, 2011 Manpuria et al.
20110215901 September 8, 2011 Van Wiemeersch et al.
20110222415 September 15, 2011 Ramamurthi et al.
20110222434 September 15, 2011 Chen
20110222619 September 15, 2011 Ramamurthi et al.
20110223958 September 15, 2011 Chen et al.
20110223959 September 15, 2011 Chen
20110223960 September 15, 2011 Chen et al.
20110223961 September 15, 2011 Chen et al.
20110227795 September 22, 2011 Lopez et al.
20110236024 September 29, 2011 Mao
20110237178 September 29, 2011 Seki et al.
20110241881 October 6, 2011 Badinelli
20110243201 October 6, 2011 Phillips et al.
20110256878 October 20, 2011 Zhu et al.
20110268033 November 3, 2011 Boldi et al.
20110268446 November 3, 2011 Cune et al.
20110268449 November 3, 2011 Berlin et al.
20110268452 November 3, 2011 Beamon et al.
20110274021 November 10, 2011 He et al.
20110281536 November 17, 2011 Lee et al.
20110316755 December 29, 2011 Ayatollahi et al.
20120106657 May 3, 2012 Fischer et al.
20120140690 June 7, 2012 Choi et al.
20120177026 July 12, 2012 Uyehara
20120263098 October 18, 2012 Takahashi et al.
20120307719 December 6, 2012 Nakasato
20120314797 December 13, 2012 Kummetz et al.
20120314813 December 13, 2012 Loyez et al.
20120322477 December 20, 2012 Kang et al.
20130012195 January 10, 2013 Sabat, Jr. et al.
20130017863 January 17, 2013 Kummetz et al.
20130040676 February 14, 2013 Kang et al.
20130089336 April 11, 2013 Dahlfort et al.
20130114963 May 9, 2013 Stapleton et al.
20130150063 June 13, 2013 Berlin et al.
20130188753 July 25, 2013 Tarlazzi et al.
20130188959 July 25, 2013 Cune et al.
20130195467 August 1, 2013 Schmid et al.
20130210490 August 15, 2013 Fischer et al.
20130272202 October 17, 2013 Stapleton et al.
20130330086 December 12, 2013 Berlin et al.
20140016583 January 16, 2014 Smith
20140036770 February 6, 2014 Stapleton et al.
20140057627 February 27, 2014 Hejazi et al.
20140079112 March 20, 2014 Ranson et al.
20140105056 April 17, 2014 Li et al.
20140140225 May 22, 2014 Wala
20140146797 May 29, 2014 Zavadsky et al.
20140146905 May 29, 2014 Zavadsky et al.
20140146906 May 29, 2014 Zavadsky et al.
20140150063 May 29, 2014 Bone
20140204900 July 24, 2014 Kawasaki
20140219140 August 7, 2014 Uyehara et al.
20140241224 August 28, 2014 Fischer et al.
20140243033 August 28, 2014 Wala et al.
20140269318 September 18, 2014 Hasarchi et al.
20140269859 September 18, 2014 Hanson et al.
20140287677 September 25, 2014 Machida
20140308043 October 16, 2014 Heidler et al.
20140308044 October 16, 2014 Heidler et al.
20140314061 October 23, 2014 Trajkovic et al.
20150049663 February 19, 2015 Mukherjee et al.
20150098351 April 9, 2015 Zavadsky et al.
20150098372 April 9, 2015 Zavadsky et al.
20150098419 April 9, 2015 Zavadsky et al.
20150382292 December 31, 2015 Heidler et al.
20160080082 March 17, 2016 Lemson et al.
20160219591 July 28, 2016 Lee et al.
20170244541 August 24, 2017 McAllister et al.
645192 January 1994 AU
731180 March 2001 AU
2065090 February 1998 CA
2242707 September 2002 CA
1745560 March 2006 CN
101076961 November 2007 CN
101090299 December 2007 CN
101151811 March 2008 CN
101296525 October 2008 CN
101346006 January 2009 CN
101496306 July 2009 CN
101542928 September 2009 CN
201315588 September 2009 CN
19705253 August 1998 DE
20104862 September 2001 DE
10249414 May 2004 DE
0461583 December 1991 EP
0477952 April 1992 EP
0714218 May 1996 EP
0766343 April 1997 EP
0687400 November 1998 EP
0993124 April 2000 EP
1056226 November 2000 EP
1173034 January 2002 EP
1202475 May 2002 EP
1227605 July 2002 EP
1267447 December 2002 EP
1347584 September 2003 EP
1363352 November 2003 EP
1391897 February 2004 EP
1443687 August 2004 EP
1455550 September 2004 EP
1501206 January 2005 EP
1503451 February 2005 EP
1511203 March 2005 EP
1530316 May 2005 EP
1267447 August 2006 EP
1693974 August 2006 EP
1742388 January 2007 EP
1173034 July 2007 EP
1954019 August 2008 EP
1968250 September 2008 EP
1357683 May 2009 EP
2110955 October 2009 EP
2253980 November 2010 EP
1570626 November 2013 EP
2323252 September 1998 GB
2366131 February 2002 GB
2370170 June 2002 GB
2399963 September 2004 GB
2428149 January 2007 GB
05260018 October 1993 JP
08181661 July 1996 JP
09083450 March 1997 JP
09162810 June 1997 JP
09200840 July 1997 JP
11068675 March 1999 JP
11088265 March 1999 JP
2000152300 May 2000 JP
2000341744 December 2000 JP
2002264617 September 2002 JP
2003148653 May 2003 JP
2003172827 June 2003 JP
2004172734 June 2004 JP
2004245963 September 2004 JP
2004247090 September 2004 JP
2004264901 September 2004 JP
2004265624 September 2004 JP
2004317737 November 2004 JP
2005018175 January 2005 JP
2005087135 April 2005 JP
2005134125 May 2005 JP
2008172597 July 2008 JP
20040053467 June 2004 KR
20110087949 August 2011 KR
9603823 February 1996 WO
9748197 December 1997 WO
9935788 July 1999 WO
0042721 July 2000 WO
0178434 October 2001 WO
0184760 November 2001 WO
0221183 March 2002 WO
0230141 April 2002 WO
02102102 December 2002 WO
03024027 March 2003 WO
03098175 November 2003 WO
2004030154 April 2004 WO
2004047472 June 2004 WO
2004056019 July 2004 WO
2004059934 July 2004 WO
2004086795 October 2004 WO
2004093471 October 2004 WO
2005062505 July 2005 WO
2005069203 July 2005 WO
2005073897 August 2005 WO
2005079386 September 2005 WO
2005101701 October 2005 WO
2005111959 November 2005 WO
2005117337 December 2005 WO
2006011778 February 2006 WO
2006018592 February 2006 WO
2006019392 February 2006 WO
2006039941 April 2006 WO
2006046088 May 2006 WO
2006051262 May 2006 WO
2006077569 July 2006 WO
2006094441 September 2006 WO
2006133609 December 2006 WO
2007048427 May 2007 WO
2007075579 July 2007 WO
2007077451 July 2007 WO
2007088561 August 2007 WO
2007091026 August 2007 WO
2008008249 January 2008 WO
2008027213 March 2008 WO
2008033298 March 2008 WO
2008039830 April 2008 WO
2009014710 January 2009 WO
2009100395 August 2009 WO
2009100396 August 2009 WO
2009100397 August 2009 WO
2009100398 August 2009 WO
2009145789 December 2009 WO
2010087919 August 2010 WO
2010090999 August 2010 WO
2011043172 April 2011 WO
2011112373 September 2011 WO
2011139937 November 2011 WO
2011139939 November 2011 WO
2011139942 November 2011 WO
2011160117 December 2011 WO
2012024345 February 2012 WO
2012051227 April 2012 WO
2012051230 April 2012 WO
2012054553 April 2012 WO
2012058182 May 2012 WO
2012100468 August 2012 WO
2012170865 December 2012 WO
2013009835 January 2013 WO
2013063025 May 2013 WO
2013122915 August 2013 WO
2014022211 February 2014 WO
2014070236 May 2014 WO
2014082070 May 2014 WO
2014082072 May 2014 WO
2014082075 May 2014 WO
2014144314 September 2014 WO
2015054162 April 2015 WO
2015054164 April 2015 WO
2015054165 April 2015 WO
PCT/IL2015/050978 Invitation to Pay Additional Fees dated Feb. 17, 2016.
Author Unknown, “Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System,” Installation and Users Guide, ERAU Version 1.5, May 2002, Andrews Corporation, 53 pages.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/381,952, dated May 9, 2017, 7 pages.
Author Unknown, “ADC Has 3rd Generation Services Covered at CeBIT 2001,” Business Wire, Mar. 20, 2001, 3 pages.
Author Unknown, “Andrew Unveils the InCell Fiber Optic Antenna System for In-Building Wireless Communications,” Fiber Optics Weekly Update, Dec. 1, 2000, Information Gatekeepers Inc., pp. 3-4.
Arredondo, Albedo et al., “Techniques for Improving In-Building Radio Coverage Using Fiber-Fed Distributed Antenna Networks,” IEEE 46th Vehicular Technology Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, Apr. 28-May 1, 1996, pp. 1540-1543, vol. 3.
Fitzmaurice, M. et al., “Distributed Antenna System for Mass Transit Communications,” Vehicular Technology Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, Sep. 2000, IEEE, pp. 2011-2018.
Ghafouri-Shiraz, et al., “Radio on Fibre Communication Systems Based on Integrated Circuit-Antenna Modules,” Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, Beijing, China, Aug. 1998, IEEE, pp. 159-169.
Griffin, R.A. et al., “Radio-Over-Fiber Distribution Using an Optical Millimeter-Wave/DWDM Overlay,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference, San Diego, California, Feb. 1999, IEEE, pp. 70-72.
Juntunen, J. et al., “Antenna Diversity Array Design for Mobile Communication Systems,” Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems and Technology, Dana Point, California, May 2000, IEEE, pp. 65-67.
Lee, D. et al., “Ricocheting Bluetooth,” 2nd International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, Beijing, China, Sep. 2000, IEEE, pp. 432-435.
Lee, T., “A Digital Multiplexed Fiber Optic Transmission System for Analog Audio Signals,” IEEE Western Canada Conference on Computer, Power, and Communications Systems in a Rural Environment, Regina, Saskatchewan, May 1991, pp. 146-149.
Schuh et al., “Hybrid Fibre Radio Access: A Network Operators Approach and Requirements,” Proceedings of the 10th Microcoll Conference, Mar. 21-24, 1999, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 211-214.
Schweber, Bill, “Maintaining cellular connectivity indoors demands sophisticated design,” EDN Network, Dec. 21, 2000, 2 pages, http://www.edn.com/design/integrated-circuit-design/4362776/Maintaining-cellular-connectivity-indoors-demands-sophisticated-design.
Margotte, B. et al., “Fibre Optic Distributed Antenna System for Cellular and PCN/PCS Indoor Coverage,” Microwave Engineering Europe, Jun. 1998, 6 pages.
Matsunaka et al., “Point-to-multipoint Digital Local Distribution Radio System in the 21 GHz Band,” KDD Technical Journal, Mar. 1991, No. 145, p. 43-54.
Translation of the First Office Action for Chinese patent application 201180039569.3 dated Jan. 16, 2015, 7 pages.
International Search Report for PCT/US2012/025337 dated May 16, 2012, 4 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/025,719 dated Mar. 31, 2015, 26 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/967,426 dated Dec. 26, 2014, 15 pages.
Cooper, A.J., “Fibre/Radio for the Provision of Cordless/Mobile Telephony Services in the Access Network,” Electronics Letters, 1990, pp. 2054-2056, vol. 26, No. 24.
Bakaul, M., et al., “Efficient Multiplexing Scheme for Wavelength-Interleaved DWDM Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio Systems,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Dec. 2005, vol. 17, No. 12.
Huang, C., et al., “A WLAN-Used Helical Antenna Fully Integrated with the PCMCIA Carrier,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Dec. 2005, vol. 53, No. 12, pp. 4164-4168.
Gibson, B.C., et al., “Evanescent Field Analysis of Air-Silica Microstructure Waveguides,” The 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 1-7803-7104-4/01, Nov. 12-13, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 709-710.
International Search Report for PCT/US07/21041 dated Mar. 7, 2008, 3 pages.
No Author, “ITU-T G.652, Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU, Series G: Transmission Systems and Media, Digital Systems and Networks, Transmission Media Characteristics—Optical Fibre Cables, Characteristics of a Single-Mode Optical Fiber and Cable,” ITU-T Recommendation G.652, International Telecommunication Union, Jun. 2005, 20 pages.
No Author, “ITU-T G.657, Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU, Dec. 2006, Series G: Transmission Systems and Media, Digital Systems and Networks, Transmission Media and Optical Systems Characteristics—Optical Fibre Cables, Characteristics of a Bending Loss Insensitive Single Mode Optical Fibre and Cable for the Access Network,” ITU-T Recommendation G.657, International Telecommunication Union, 19 pages.
Kojucharow, K., et al., “Millimeter-Wave Signal Properties Resulting from Electrooptical Upconversion,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Oct. 2001, vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 1977-1985.
Monro, T.M., et al., “Holey Fibers with Random Cladding Distributions,” Optics Letters, Feb. 15, 2000, vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 206-208.
Moreira, J.D., et al., “Diversity Techniques for OFDM Based WLAN Systems,” The 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Sep. 15-18, 2002, vol. 3, pp. 1008-1011.
Niiho, T., et al., “Multi-Channel Wireless LAN Distributed Antenna System Based on Radio-Over-Fiber Techniques,” The 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, Nov. 2004, vol. 1, pp. 57-58.
Paulraj, A.J., et al., “An Overview of MIMO Communications—A Key to Gigabit Wireless,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Feb. 2004, vol. 92, No. 2, 34 pages.
Pickrell, G.R., et al., “Novel Techniques for the Fabrication of Holey Optical Fibers,” Proceedings of SPIE, Oct. 28-Nov. 2, 2001, vol. 4578, 2002, pp. 271-282.
Author Unknown, RFID Technology Overview, Date Unknown, 11 pages.
Roh, W., et al., “MIMO Channel Capacity for the Distributed Antenna Systems,” Proceedings of the 56th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Sep. 2002, vol. 2, pp. 706-709.
Seto, I., et al., “Antenna-Selective Transmit Diversity Technique for OFDM-Based WLANs with Dual-Band Printed Antennas,” 2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Mar. 13-17, 2005, vol. 1, pp. 51-56.
Shen, C., et al., “Comparison of Channel Capacity for MIMO-DAS versus MIMO-CAS,” The 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, Sep. 21-24, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 113-118.
Wake, D. et al., “Passive Picocell: A New Concept in Wireless Network Infrastructure,” Electronics Letters, Feb. 27, 1997, vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 404-406.
Winters, J., et al., “The Impact of Antenna Diversity on the Capacity of Wireless Communication Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 42, No. 2/3/4, Feb./Mar./Apr. 1994, pp. 1740-1751.
Opatic, D., “Radio over Fiber Technology for Wireless Access,” Ericsson, Oct. 17, 2009, 6 pages.
Examination Report for European Patent Application No. 11721160.7, dated Sep. 25, 2017, 7 pages.
Translation of the First Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201610029179.2, dated Jul. 27, 2017, 19 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/664,305, dated Oct. 30, 2017, 3 pages.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/664,305, dated Dec. 1, 2017, 19 pages.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/473,827, dated Sep. 22, 2017, 38 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/664,305, dated Sep. 5, 2017, 34 pages.
Examiner's Answer to the Appeal Brief for U.S. Appl. No. 15/049,913, dated Jun. 22, 2017, 22 pages.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/381,952, dated Jul. 31, 2017, 7 pages.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/332,505, dated Aug. 31, 2017, 8 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/711,306 dated Jul. 9, 2015, 16 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/967,426 dated Jul. 6, 2015, 3 pages.
Examination Report for European patent application 11721160.7 dated Oct. 21, 2015, 7 pages.
Translation of the Second Office Action for Chinese patent application 201180024499.4 dated Aug. 17, 2015, 3 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/711,306 dated Oct. 8, 2015, 3 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/967,426 dated Sep. 17, 2015, 27 pages.
Mohammed, Maalim, et al., “New Compact Design of Dual Notched Bands UWB Antenna with Slots in Radiating and Feeding Elements,” IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development, Dec. 16-17, 2013, Putrajaya, Malaysia, IEEE, pp. 374-379.
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/IL2015/051205 dated Mar. 10, 2016, 14 pages.
International Search Report for PCT/IL2015/051219 dated Mar. 17, 2016, 5 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/IL2015/051217 dated Mar. 17, 2016, 14 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/IL2015/051095 dated Mar. 2, 2016, 14 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/IL2015/051061 dated Feb. 15, 2016, 12 pages.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/025,719 dated Aug. 11, 2016, 8 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/664,305 dated Jul. 7, 2016, 45 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/664,305, dated Dec. 23, 2016, 24 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/049,913 dated Jun. 16, 2016, 20 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/049,913, dated Nov. 25, 2016, 16 pages.
Notice of Allowance and Examiner-Initiated Interview Summary for U.S. Appl. No. 15/098,941, dated Jul. 14, 2016, 18 pages.
Corrected Notice of Allowability for U.S. Appl. No. 15/098,941, dated Jul. 27, 2016, 5 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/049,913, dated Feb. 15, 2017, 3 pages.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/381,952, dated Jan. 27, 2017, 14 pages.
International Search Report for PCT/1L2015/050970, dated May 9, 2016, 6 pages.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for PCT/IL2015/050970, dated Apr. 6, 2017, 17 pages.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/496,507, dated Feb. 24, 2017, 15 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/664,305, dated Mar. 1, 2017, 3 pages.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/664,305, dated Apr. 7, 2017, 34 pages.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/332,505, dated Apr. 5, 2017, 24 pages.
Notification of Grant for Chinese patent application 201190000473.1 dated Aug. 28, 2013, 4 pages.
International Search Report for PCT/US2011/034725 dated Aug. 5, 2011, 4 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/892,424 dated Nov. 5, 2012, 22 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2011/034738 dated Jul. 27, 2011, 13 pages.
International Search Report for PCT/US2011/047821 dated Oct. 25, 2011, 4 pages.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for PCT/US2011/047821 dated Feb. 19, 2013, 10 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/025,719 dated Sep. 11, 2013, 18 pages.
Parker et al., “Radio-over-fibre technologies arising from the Building the future Optical Network in Europe (BONE) project,” Optoelectron., 2010, vol. 4, Issue 6, pp. 247-259.
Singh et al., “Distributed coordination with deaf neighbors: efficient medium access for 60 GHz mesh networks,” IEEE INFOCOM 2010 proceedings, 9 pages.
Examination Report for European patent application 11754570.7 dated Nov. 18, 2013, 7 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/025,719 dated Dec. 31, 2013, 20 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/025,719 dated Mar. 14, 2014, 6 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/785,603 dated Dec. 23, 2013, 15 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/785,603 dated Apr. 14, 2014, 17 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/785,603 dated Jun. 30, 2014, 3 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/785,603 dated Sep. 9, 2014, 10 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/785,603 dated Dec. 4, 2014, 8 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/762,432 dated Aug. 20, 2014, 4 pages.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/762,432 dated Dec. 24, 2014, 7 pages.
Chowdhury et al., “Multi-service Multi-carrier Broadband MIMO Distributed Antenna Systems for In-building Optical Wireless Access,” Presented at the 2010 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Mar. 21-25, 2010, San Diego, California, IEEE, pp. 1-3.
International Search Report for PCT/US2011/055861 dated Feb. 7, 2012, 4 pages.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for PCT/US2011/055861 dated Apr. 25, 2013, 9 pages.
International Search Report for PCT/US2011/055858 dated Feb. 7, 2012, 4 pages.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for PCT/US2011/055858 dated Apr. 25, 2013, 8 pages.
International Search Report for PCT/US2011/034733 dated Aug. 1, 2011, 5 pages.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for PCT/US2011/034733 dated Nov. 15, 2012, 8 pages.
First Office Action for Chinese patent application 201180024499.4 dated Dec. 1, 2014, 13 pages.
Examination Report for European patent application 11754570.7 dated Jan. 13, 2015, 5 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/967,426 dated Apr. 29, 2015, 22 pages.
Patent number: 10659163
Patent Publication Number: 20160094293
Inventor: Gavriel Magnezi (Petah Tikva)
Application Number: 14/496,507
International Classification: H04B 10/2575 (20130101);