Source: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2009/S1101
Timestamp: 2019-06-20 13:55:24
Document Index: 553697005

Matched Legal Cases: ['§102', '§206', '§802', '§1101', '§1203', '§1306', '§802', '§121', '§121', '§121', '§121', '§121', '§121', '§121']

Eliminates publication requirements for limited liability companies and limited partnerships; repealer
Jan 26, 2009 referred to corporations, authorities and commissions
S1101 (ACTIVE) - Details
Rpld §102 subs (a-1) & (e-1), §206, §802 sub (b), §1101 sub (s), §1203 sub (c) ¶ 2, §1306 sub (d), amd §§802, 1006, 1101 & 1203, Lim Lil Co L; rpld §121-101 subs (a-1) & (a-2), §121-201 sub (c), §121-902 sub (d), §121-1300 sub (f), §121-1500 sub (a) ¶ (II), §121-1502 sub (f) ¶ (II), amd §§121-1500, 121-1500 & 121-1502, Partn L
S1101 (ACTIVE) - Summary
Eliminates publication requirements for limited liability companies and limited partnerships.
S1101 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo
BILL NUMBER:  S1101
eliminating certain publication requirements for limited liability
companies; to amend the partnership law, in relation to eliminating
certain publication requirements for limited partnerships and
registered limited partnerships; and to repeal certain provisions of
the limited liability company law and the partnership law relating
This bill eliminates the need to publish a notice after (i) the
formation or qualification of a limited partnership ("LP"), limited
liability partnership ("LLP"), limited liability company ("LLC"), and
professional service limited liability company ("PSLLC") or (ii) the
conversion of a partnership or LP to a LLC.
1. Repeals Section 102 (a-1) and (e-1) of the LLC Law; 2. Repeals
Sections 206 of the LLC Law; 3. Amends Section 802(a) of the LLC Law
and in relation to the publication/notification requirements for the
application of authority of foreign LLCs; 4. Repeals Section 802 (b)
of the LLC Law; 5. Amends Section 1006(e) of the LLC Law; 6. Repeals
Section 1101(s) of the LLC Law; 7. Amends Section 1203(l)(c) of the
LLC Law; 8.  Repeals Section 1203 (2)(c) of the LLC Law; 9. Repeals
Section 1306(d) of the LLC Law; 10. Repeals Sections, 121-101(a-l) and
(a-2) of the Partnership Law; 11. Repeals, Section l2l-201(c) of the
Partnership Law; 12. Repeals Section 121-902(d) of the Partnership
Law; 13.  Repeals Section 121-1300 of the Partnership Law; 14. Amends
Section 121-1500(I)(a) of the Partnership Law; 15. Repeals Section
121-1500(II)(a) of the Partnership Law; 16. Amends Section
121-1502(I)(f) of the Partnership Law; 17. Repeals Section
121-1502(m(f) of the Partnership Law; and 18. Amends Section 121-1507
of the Partnership Law.
The LLC in New York is the most modern form of business entities. New
York State's main objective in the LLC enabling statute was to
accommodate the practical needs of small business owners by affording
them the managerial flexibility and favorable tax benefits of the
partnership, while also providing the conventional limited liability
protection of the corporation. See Anthony Q. Fletcher, Publish or
Perish: The New York Limited Liability Company Law Publication
Requirement: The Fundamental Flaw of an Otherwise Flawless Law, 1
N.Y.U. J.L. & Bus. 139 (2004-2005). Yet the publication requirement
which was recently amended in 2006, and applies to all limited
liability entities, is unnecessary, overly-burdensome, cost
prohibitive, and ultimately anti-business (it can cost upwards to
$1,800.00 to satisfy publication); publication countervails the policy
objectives as outlined in the LLC enabling Act. Fletcher at 142. The
original objective of a publication requirement in New York, dating
back to 1844, no longer exists:  providing information to third
parties who may transact business with a limited partnership as to
which partners had limited liability.  However, unlike in 1844, this
information is now easily and readily accessible at minimal cost from
the Secretary of State, and much of it is available at no cost from
the Secretary of State's website:  http://www.dos.state.ny.us/. As a
result, publication is no longer needed to disseminate information to
the public. Anyone who wants or needs to know information about an
LLC, LP, LLP, or PSLLC can easily ascertain it without the burden of
perusing newspaper classifieds on a regular basis. Thus, currently,
publication serves no public purpose. The state does not gain any
extra revenue; the public gains no benefit. In fact, the publication
requirement is unique. Almost all states, most notably Delaware and
New Jersey, do not require it; and other business entities (e.g.
corporations) in New York do not require publication. As a result New
York is losing revenue.  Other states have more than a 2 to 1 ratio
(closer to 3 to 1) in the formation of LLC's to traditional "C"
Corporations. According to the International Association of Commercial
Administrators (hereinafter referred to as "IACA"), the following
shows the number of new corporations compared to the number of new
LLCs in Delaware, New Jersey, and New York in 2005 and 2006: 2005 2006
"C" CORP LLC "C" CORP LLC Delaware 34,377 87,360 33,449 97,508 New
Jersey 19,968 51,690 18,819 52,344 New York 76,999 48,564 76,474
48,451 As exemplified, in New York, the proportion of "C" Corporations
formed to LLCs is still nearly 2 to 1, whereas the opposite is true in
New Jersey and Delaware where, because of flexibility and other
advantages nearly 3 times as many LLCs are formed as compared with the
number of new corporations. In the absence of the publication
requirement in New York, it should be presumed that the LLC would be
more frequently used, particularly among small business entrepreneurs
in New York because small business entrepreneurs in other states,
where there is no publication requirement, form LLCs at a higher rate
than the rate of formation in New York. See Fletcher at Page 159; See
also Id at 161 ("Outside New York, the LLC has experienced unbridled
popularity and usage... The primary difference between the New York
LLC and the limited liability companies in almost every other state is
that the former is subject to the Publication Requirement. This
difference discourages small business entrepreneurs from forming LLCs
in New York"). And it should not be underestimated what small
businesses mean to our State's economy:  Small businesses employ the
majority of the State's workforce and, excluding non-farm returns,
accounted for more than $85.4 billion in business income in 2006. U.S.
Small Bus. Admin, Office of Advocacy, 2003 State Small Business
Profile' New York, at 1 (2007). Between 2003 and 2003, the most recent
year for which statistics are available, small businesses added a net
total of 87,000 employees.  Id. Thus, it is no surprise that in
November, 2001, the New York County Supreme Court held that the
publication provision in Section 206 of the LLCL served no
countervailing state interest and violated both the plaintiff's right
to due process and right to equal protection under the NYS
Constitution. See Barklee Realty v. George E. Pataki.  Index No.
120456/99. In October, 2003, however, the Appellate Division, First
Department in determining whether publication bore a rational
connection to promotion of a legitimate state interest, reversed the
Supreme Court's decision stating "that it is for the legislature alone
to determine the advantages and drawbacks of the legislation in
achieving a legitimate purpose." Nevertheless, the court did note that
it is an "obvious stretch to assume" that persons seeking to commence
actions against LLC's "would be perusing the classifieds on a regular
basis so as to note the organizing information provided by a newly
formed LLC." As such, publication merely serves as an indirect subsidy
to the newspaper industry. As Justice Schlesinger observed in Barklee:
"The only coffers enriched by the publication requirement is the
2008: S.7596 - Referred to Corporations.
While the State will no longer be collecting the $25 fee for each
Affidavit of Publication filed, it is anticipated that there will be
an increase in the number of LLCs, LLPs, and LPs formed resulting in
additional revenue from filing and other related fees, and associated
taxes incurred by the persons operating and owning these entities, to
more than negate the loss of fee for Affidavits of Publication.
S1101 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf
AN ACT to amend the limited liability company law, in relation to elimi-
nating  certain  publication requirements for limited liability compa-
nies; to amend the partnership law, in relation to eliminating certain
publication  requirements  for  limited  partnerships  and  registered
limited  partnerships; and to repeal certain provisions of the limited
liability company law and the partnership law relating thereto
Section  1. Subdivisions (a-1) and (e-1) of section 102 of the limited
liability company law are REPEALED.
S 3. Subdivision (a) of section 802 of the limited  liability  company
law,  the  opening  paragraph  as  amended by chapter 375 of the laws of
1998, paragraph 1 as amended by chapter 643 of  the  laws  of  1995  and
paragraph 4 as amended by chapter 470 of the laws of 1997, is amended to
[(a)] Before doing business in this state, a foreign limited liability
company  shall  apply  for  authority  to  do  business in this state by
submitting to the department of state (i) a certificate of existence or,
if no such certificate is issued by the  jurisdiction  of  formation,  a
certified  copy of the articles of organization of the limited liability
company and all subsequent amendments thereto  or,  if  no  articles  of
organization  have been filed, a certified copy of the certificate filed
as its organizational basis and all amendments thereto (if such  certif-
icate  or  certified  copy  is  in  a foreign language, a translation in
English thereof under oath of the translator shall be attached  thereto)
and  (ii)  an  application  for authority as a foreign limited liability
company entitled "Application  for  authority  of...  (name  of  foreign
LBD06928-01-9
S. 1101                             2
limited liability company) under section eight hundred two of the Limit-
ed Liability Company Law," signed and setting forth:
[(1)]  (A) the name of the foreign limited liability company and, if a
foreign liability company's name is  not  acceptable  for  authorization
pursuant  to  section  two  hundred four of this chapter, the fictitious
name under which it proposes to apply for authority and do  business  in
this  state,  which name shall be in compliance with section two hundred
four of this chapter and shall be used by the foreign limited  liability
company  in  all  its  dealings  with the department of state and in the
conduct of its business in this state. The  provisions  of  section  one
hundred thirty of the general business law shall not apply to any ficti-
tious name filed by a foreign limited liability company pursuant to this
section,  and  a  filing under section one hundred thirty of the general
business law shall not constitute the adoption of a fictitious name;
[(2)] (B) the jurisdiction and date of its organization;
[(3)] (C) the county within this state in  which  the  office  of  the
foreign  limited  liability  company  is to be located or if the foreign
limited liability company shall maintain more than one  office  in  this
state,  the county within the state in which the principal office of the
foreign limited liability company is to be located;
[(4)] (D) a designation of the secretary of state as  its  agent  upon
whom process against it may be served and the post office address within
or  without this state to which the secretary of state shall mail a copy
of any process against it served upon him or her;
[(5)] (E) if it is to have a registered agent, his  or  her  name  and
address within the state and a statement that the registered agent is to
be its agent upon whom process may be served;
[(6)]  (F)  the address of the office required to be maintained in the
jurisdiction of its formation by the laws of that  jurisdiction  or,  if
not  so required, of the principal office of the foreign limited liabil-
ity company;
[(7)] (G) a statement that the foreign limited liability company is in
existence in the jurisdiction of its formation at the time of the filing
of such application; and
[(8)] (H) the name and address of the authorized officer in the juris-
diction of its formation where a copy of its articles of organization is
filed or, if no  public  filing  of  its  articles  of  organization  is
required  by  the law of the jurisdiction of formation, a statement that
the foreign limited liability company shall provide, on request, a  copy
thereof  with all amendments thereto (if such documents are in a foreign
language, a translation in English thereof under oath of the  translator
shall  be attached thereto), and the name and post office address of the
person responsible for providing such copies.
S 4. Subdivision (b) of section 802 of the limited  liability  company
S  5.  The opening paragraph of subdivision (e) of section 1006 of the
limited liability company law, as amended by chapter 375 of the laws  of
S. 1101                             3
S 6. Subdivision (s) of section 1101 of the limited liability  company
law is REPEALED, and subdivisions (t), (u) and (v) are relettered subdi-
visions (s), (t) and (u).
S  7.  Paragraph  1  of subdivision (c) of section 1203 of the limited
[(1)] A certified copy of the articles of  organization  and  of  each
amendment  thereto and restatement thereof shall be filed by the profes-
sional service limited liability company with  the  licensing  authority
within  thirty  days  after  the filing of such certificate or amendment
S 8. Paragraph 2 of subdivision (c) of section  1203  of  the  limited
S  9. Subdivision (d) of section 1306 of the limited liability company
S 10. Subdivisions (a-1) and (a-2) of section 121-101 of the  partner-
ship law are REPEALED.
S  11.  Subdivision  (c)  of section 121-201 of the partnership law is
S 12. Subdivision (d) of section 121-902 of  the  partnership  law  is
S  13.  Subdivision  (f) of section 121-1300 of the partnership law is
S 14. Paragraph (I) of subdivision (a)  of  section  121-1500  of  the
partnership  law, as added by chapter 576 of the laws of 1994, the open-
ing paragraph and subparagraph 4 as amended by chapter 643 of  the  laws
of 1995 and such paragraph as redesignated by chapter 767 of the laws of
[(I)] Notwithstanding the education law or any other provision of law,
(i)  a  partnership without limited partners each of whose partners is a
professional authorized by law to render a professional  service  within
this  state  and  who  is  or  has  been engaged in the practice of such
in  the  practice of such profession in the registered limited liability
registration  provided  for in this subdivision or a partnership without
limited partners each of whose partners is a professional, at least  one
of  whom  is  authorized  by law to render a professional service within
this state and who is or has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  such
in the practice of such profession in the registered  limited  liability
registration provided for in this subdivision, (ii) a partnership  with-
out  limited  partners authorized by, or holding a license, certificate,
registration or permit issued by the licensing authority pursuant to the
education law to render a professional service within this state,  which
renders or intends to render professional services within this state, or
(iii)  a  related limited liability partnership may register as a regis-
tered limited liability partnership by filing  with  the  department  of
state a registration which shall set forth:
(2)  the  address  of  the principal office of the partnership without
(3) the profession or professions to be practiced by such  partnership
without limited partners and a statement that it is eligible to register
as  a registered limited liability partnership pursuant to THIS subdivi-
sion [(a) of this section];
S. 1101                             4
(4) a designation of the secretary of state as agent of  the  partner-
ship without limited partners upon whom process against it may be served
and  the  post  office address within or without this state to which the
secretary of state shall mail a copy of any process against it or served
(5)  if  the  partnership without limited partners is to have a regis-
tered agent, its name and address in this state and a statement that the
registered agent is to be the agent of the partnership  without  limited
partners upon whom process against it may be served;
(6)  that  the partnership without limited partners is filing a regis-
tration for status as a registered limited liability partnership;
(7) if the registration of the partnership without limited partners is
to be effective on a date later than the time of filing, the  date,  not
to  exceed  sixty  days  from  the date of such filing, of such proposed
(8) if all or specified partners of the registered  limited  liability
partnership  are  to  be liable in their capacity as partners for all or
specified debts, obligations or liabilities of  the  registered  limited
liability  partnership  as  authorized  pursuant  to  subdivision (d) of
section twenty-six of this chapter, a statement that  all  or  specified
partners  are  so  liable  for such debts, obligations or liabilities in
their capacity as partners of the registered limited liability  partner-
ship  as authorized pursuant to subdivision (d) of section twenty-six of
(9) any other matters the partnership without limited partners  deter-
mines to include in the registration.
S  15.  Paragraph  (II)  of subdivision (a) of section 121-1500 of the
partnership law is REPEALED.
S 16. Paragraph (I) of subdivision (f)  of  section  121-1502  of  the
partnership  law,  as  amended by chapter 643 of the laws of 1995 and as
redesignated by chapter 767 of the laws of 2005, is amended to  read  as
[(I)]  Each  New York registered foreign limited liability partnership
shall, within sixty days prior to the fifth anniversary of the effective
date of its notice and every five years thereafter, furnish a  statement
to the department of state setting forth:
(i)  the  name  under  which  the  New York registered foreign limited
liability partnership is carrying on or conducting or transacting  busi-
ness  or  activities  in  this  state, (ii) the address of the principal
office of the New York registered foreign limited liability partnership,
(iii) the post office address within or without this state to which  the
secretary  of state shall mail a copy of any process accepted against it
served upon him or her,  which  address  shall  supersede  any  previous
address  on file with the department of state for this purpose, and (iv)
a statement that it is a  foreign  limited  liability  partnership.  The
statement  shall  be  executed  by  one or more partners of the New York
registered foreign limited liability partnership. The statement shall be
accompanied by a fee of fifty dollars. If a New York registered  foreign
limited  liability  partnership  shall  not  timely  file  the statement
required by this subdivision, the department of state  may,  upon  sixty
days'  notice  mailed to the address of such New York registered foreign
limited liability partnership as shown in the last notice  or  statement
or  certificate  of  amendment filed by such New York registered foreign
limited liability partnership, make a proclamation declaring the  status
of  such New York registered foreign limited liability partnership to be
revoked pursuant to this subdivision. The department of state shall file
S. 1101                             5
the original proclamation in its office and shall publish a copy thereof
in the state register no later than three months following the  date  of
such  proclamation.  Upon  the  publication  of such proclamation in the
manner aforesaid, the status of each New York registered foreign limited
liability partnership named in such proclamation shall be deemed revoked
without  further  legal  proceedings.  Any  New  York registered foreign
limited liability partnership whose status was so revoked  may  file  in
the  department of state a certificate of consent certifying that either
a statement required by this subdivision has been filed  or  accompanies
the  certificate  of  consent and all fees imposed under this chapter on
the New York registered foreign limited liability partnership have  been
paid. The filing of such certificate of consent shall have the effect of
annulling all of the proceedings theretofore taken for the revocation of
the  status  of such New York registered foreign limited liability part-
nership under this subdivision and (1) the New York  registered  foreign
limited  liability partnership shall thereupon have such powers, rights,
duties and obligations as it had on the date of the publication  of  the
proclamation, with the same force and effect as if such proclamation had
not been made or published and (2) such publication shall not affect the
applicability  of  the  laws of the jurisdiction governing the agreement
under which such New York registered foreign limited liability  partner-
ship  is  operating (including laws governing the liability of partners)
to any debt, obligation or liability incurred, created or  assumed  from
the  date  of  publication  of  the proclamation through the date of the
filing of the certificate of consent. The filing  of  a  certificate  of
consent  shall  be accompanied by a fee of fifty dollars and if accompa-
nied by a statement, the fee required by this subdivision. If, after the
publication of such proclamation, it shall be determined by the  depart-
ment  of  state that the name of any New York registered foreign limited
liability partnership was erroneously included in such proclamation, the
department of state shall make appropriate entry on its  records,  which
entry shall have the effect of annulling all of the proceedings thereto-
fore  taken for the revocation of the status of such New York registered
foreign limited liability partnership under  this  subdivision  and  (1)
such  New  York  registered  foreign limited liability partnership shall
have such powers, rights, duties and obligations as it had on  the  date
of  the  publication of the proclamation, with the same force and effect
as if such proclamation had not been made  or  published  and  (2)  such
publication shall not affect the applicability of the laws of the juris-
diction  governing  the  agreement  under which such New York registered
foreign limited  liability  partnership  is  operating  (including  laws
governing  the liability of partners) to any debt, obligation or liabil-
ity incurred, created or assumed from the date  of  publication  of  the
proclamation  through the date of the making of the entry on the records
of the department of state.  Whenever  a  New  York  registered  foreign
limited  liability partnership shall have filed a certificate of consent
pursuant to this subdivision or if the name of  a  New  York  registered
foreign  limited  liability  partnership  was  erroneously included in a
proclamation and such proclamation was annulled, the department of state
shall publish a notice thereof in the state register.
S 17. Paragraph (II) of subdivision (f) of  section  121-1502  of  the
S  18.  Section 121-1507 of the partnership law, as amended by chapter
44 of the laws of 2006, is amended to read as follows:
S 121-1507. [Definitions] DEFINITION.  For purposes of this article[:
S. 1101                             6
(a) "Partnership],"PARTNERSHIP interest" means: [(i)] (A) a  partner's
share  of the profits and losses of a registered limited liability part-
nership; and [(ii)] (B) the partner's right to receive distributions  of
a registered limited liability partnership.
[(b)  "Affidavit of publication" means the affidavit of the printer or
publisher of a newspaper in which a publication  required  to  be  filed
pursuant  to  sections  121-1500  and  121-1502 of this article has been
made. The affidavit of publication shall be in a form  substantially  as
"Affidavit  of  Publication  Under  Section       (specify  applicable
section) of the Partnership Law
limited  liability  partnership) was published in said newspaper once in
each week for six successive weeks, commencing on __________ and  ending
on ________. The text of the notice as published in said newspaper is as
_______________(printed name),
color, and in such fonts, and be in such other qualities  and  form  not
(c)  "Certificate  of  publication"  means  a certificate presented on
behalf of the applicable limited liability partnership to the department
of state together with the affidavits of publication pursuant to section
121-1500 or 121-1502 of this article.  The  certificate  of  publication
shall be in a form substantially as follows:
"Certificate  of  Publication  of ______ (name of limited partnership)
Under Section   (specify applicable section) of the Partnership Law
limited  liability  partnership). The published notices described in the
required  by  the  above-mentioned  section  of the partnership law. The
newspapers described in  such  affidavits  of  publication  satisfy  the
requirements  set  forth in the partnership law and the designation made
by the county clerk. I certify the foregoing statements to be true under
Printed Name"]