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⭐Voorbeeld. Preview GUIDE 32. Calibration in analytical chemistry and use of certified reference materials
Voorbeeld. Preview GUIDE 32. Calibration in analytical chemistry and use of certified reference materials
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1 A GUIDE 32 Dit document mag slechts op een stand-alone PC worden geinstalleerd. Gebruik op een netwerk is alleen. toestaan als een aanvullende licentieovereenkomst voor netwerkgebruik met NEN is afgesloten. This document may only be used on a stand-alone PC. Use in a network is only permitted when a supplementary license agreement for us in a network with NEN has been concluded. Calibration in analytical chemistry and use of certified reference materials First edition 19972 ISO GUIDE 32:1997(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. Draft Guides adopted by the responsible Committee or Group are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as a Guide requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. ISO Guide 32 was prepared by the ISO Committee on Reference Materials (REMCO). ISO 1997 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genève 20 Switzerland Internet X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central Printed in Switzerland ii3 ISO ISO GUIDE 32:1997(E) Introduction Within the framework of the International Laboratory Accreditation Conference (ILAC), held in Torino (Italy) in October 1990, a one-day technical seminar was devoted to Metrology in testing where the various aspects of metrological traceability in different fields of testing were addressed. In order to clarify the implementation of the principles of metrological traceability in chemistry, it was then requested that an ILAC Guide be established on Calibration in analytical chemistry and use of certified reference materials. A draft was established which, after amendments by an ILAC Working Group, was approved by the 1992 ILAC Conference in Ottawa (Canada). Moreover, due to a worldwide need for such information, it was further recommended to transmit this draft to ISO/REMCO to serve as basis for development of an ISO Guide. This proposal was accepted by ISO/REMCO. Finalization of this Guide was carried out by ISO/REMCO Task Group 2, Calibration. iii4 5 ISO ISO GUIDE 32:1997(E) Calibration in analytical chemistry and use of certified reference materials 1 Scope Quality assurance in a testing laboratory, particularly in the case of its assessment (see ISO/IEC Guide 25), highlights the need to consider closely the question of the accuracy of its measurements and analytical results, and to ensure that the principles necessary to establish demonstrated accuracy have not been omitted. The calibration of the parameters associated with chemical analyses and material testing deserves particular attention, because major errors can be made by neglecting or ignoring the basic principles of metrology which also apply to these areas. This Guide identifies a number of general recommendations for those who, either in laboratories or as assessors, are faced with this problem. 2 References ISO/IEC Guide 25:1990, General requirements for the competence of calibration and testing laboratores. ISO Guide 30:1992, Terms and definitions used in connection with reference materials. ISO Guide 31:1981, Contents of certificates of reference materials. ISO Guide 33:1989, Uses of certified reference materials. ISO Guide 34:1996, Quality system guidelines for the production of reference materials. ISO Guide 35: 1, Certification of reference materials General and statistical principles. VIM:1993, International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology. BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. 1st edition, 1993 (corrected and reprinted 1995). 3 Basic considerations Any measurement, particularly any quantitative chemical analysis, shall employ reference elements to ensure demonstrated traceability to the relevant basic quantities. This is an essential condition for the accuracy of the results. The metrological quality of the calibration performed depends on: 1 To be published. (Revision of ISO Guide 35:1989) 16 ISO GUIDE 32:1997(E) ISO the uncertainty of the reference used (set of calibration masses, titrated solutions, gas mixtures, composition CRMs 2, etc.), the appropriateness (or fitness for purpose) of this reference under the practical conditions of use, also taking into account the analytical method used and the tested samples. The uncertainty of calibration results from these two components, and it has to be optimized without ignoring either of them. The analyst should compare the uncertainty of calibration with the required uncertainty of the analysis (which, normally, should be agreed between the customer and the operator). This comparison provides a useful guide for choosing between different available calibration procedures and, in the longer term, for improvements to the methods and procedures. In tests based on measurements of physical quantities, the principle of traceability of the standards and/or measuring instruments of the accredited laboratory to a national primary standard through a national calibration system, is generally applied. Relevant principles for ensuring the traceability of chemical analyses are presented later in this document; the use of CRMs for that purpose has been gaining importance in the last decades and may be expected to develop even more, if and when they are available. 4 Selection of calibration procedures in chemical analysis 4.1 Types of analytical procedures The first step consists in classifying the analytical procedure used into one of the following categories : Type I Type II Type III each of these categories being associated with : a basic principle a number of basic prerequisites. When the user classifies a method, it should be done by means of a detailed and close examination of all the parameters of the analytical procedure. He/she must never be satisfied with simplifications which would only be applicable to the detection principle applied under idealized conditions. This approach generally results in underestimating the necessary conditions for a reliable calibration and of generating systematic errors. Calibration does not make an inaccurate method true (e.g. presence of major interferences). The variability of the influencing factors should only cause a negligible variation in the analytical signal. 2 Remarks : a) The definitions of RMs and CRMs can be found in ISO Guide 30. RMs can also be used to validate methods (see ISO Guide 33). They may also be used to check the drift with time, and possibly to correct an instrumental drift. They also serve as a basis for a conventional scale (e.g. octane index). These aspects of the use of RMs are not dealt with here, apart from a few remarks, and the reader can refer to ISO Guide 33. One can refer also to more general documentation, such as the VIM (International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology). b) The analytical chemist is often a user of analytical materials or reagents. These products shall not be confused with CRMs. In fact, a CRM corresponds to an identified batch of material of which the certified characteristics have been determined with an optimised and defined accuracy. An analytical reagent is only characterised by a nominal value, determined with a large uncertainty. It is the user's duty to observe all necessary precautions to ensure, when used, that an analytical reagent meets his/her needs. 27 Bestelformulier Stuur naar: NEN Uitgeverij t.a.v. afdeling Marketing Antwoordnummer WB Delft Ja, ik bestel NEN Uitgeverij Postbus GB Delft Vlinderweg AX Delft T (015) F (015) ex. ISO Guide 32:1997 en Kalibratie in de analytische chemie en het gebruik van referentiematerialen Wilt u deze norm in PDF-formaat? Deze bestelt u eenvoudig via Stel uw vraag aan Klantenservice Gratis nieuwsbrieven Wilt u op de hoogte blijven van de laatste ontwikkelingen op het gebied van normen, normalisatie en regelgeving? Neem dan een gratis abonnement op een van onze nieuwsbrieven. Gegevens Bedrijf / Instelling T.a.v. O M O V Klantnummer NEN Uw ordernummer BTW nummer Postbus / Adres Postcode Plaats Telefoon Fax Factuuradres (indien dit afwijkt van bovenstaand adres) Postbus / Adres Postcode Plaats Datum Handtekening Retourneren Fax: (015) Post: NEN Uitgeverij, t.a.v. afdeling Marketing Antwoordnummer 10214, 2600 WB Delft (geen postzegel nodig). Voorwaarden De prijzen zijn geldig tot 31 december 2015, tenzij anders aangegeven. Alle prijzen zijn excl. btw, verzend- en handelingskosten en onder voorbehoud bij o.m. ISO- en IEC-normen. Bestelt u via de normshop een pdf, dan betaalt u geen handeling en verzendkosten. Meer informatie: telefoon (015) , dagelijks van 8.30 tot uur. Wijzigingen en typefouten in teksten en prijsinformatie voorbehouden. U kunt onze algemene voorwaarden terugvinden op: Normalisatie: de wereld op één lijn. preview Similar documents
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