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RESIN COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING NON-SPERICAL HOLLOW FINE PARTICLES - Patent application
Patent application title: RESIN COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING NON-SPERICAL HOLLOW FINE PARTICLES
Inventors: Satoshi Aratani (Aichi, JP) Fumiyoshi Ishikawa (Aichi, JP) Chiaki Saito (Aichi, JP)
Patent application number: 20130090411
Resin compositions capable of responding to the advanced requirement of recent years as having both total light transmittance and haze of over 90% are obtained by causing polycarbonate resin to contain non-spherical hollow fine particles of a specified kind, having a spindle shape as a whole with a major axis and a minor axis, a plurality of concave parts on the surface, a hollow part inside connected to the surface through a crack extending along the major axis.
1. A resin composition having, of which both total transmittance and haze are over 90%, comprising polycarbonate resin containing non-spherical hollow fine particles; said non-spherical hollow fine particles each having a spindle shape as a whole with a major axis and a minor axis, a plurality of concave parts on a surface, and a hollow part inside connected to the surface through a crack extending along the major axis, the average length of the major axes being 0.5-20 μm, the ratio of the average length of the minor axes to the average length of the major axes being 0.3-0.8, the ratio of maximum diameters of the concave parts to the average length of the major axes being 0.01-0.30, oil absorption of said non-spherical hollow fine particles being 50-150 ml/100 g, said non-spherical hollow fine particles comprising siloxane units SiO2 in an amount of 20-45 molar %, siloxane units R1SiO.sub.1.5 in an amount of 50-75 molar % and siloxane units R2R3SiO in an amount of 5-27 molar % so as to be a total of 100 molar %, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms or phenyl group, and said total transmittance and haze are of values measured with a test piece with thickness of 3 mm according to Measurement Method B of Japanese Industrial Standard K7105 (1981).
2. The resin composition of claim 1 wherein said non-spherical hollow fine particles are contained in an amount of 0.1-5 mass % of said polycarbonate resin.
3. A method of producing the resin composition of claim 1, said method comprising the steps of: using silanol group forming silicide SiX4 in an amount of 20-45 molar %, silanol group forming silicide R4SiY3 in an amount of 50-75% and silanol group forming silicide R5R6SiZ2 in an amount of 5-27 molar % so as to be a total of 100 molar %; generating a silanol compound by causing silanol group forming silicide SiX4 to contact water in the presence of a basic catalyst so as to undergo hydrolysis; obtaining non-spherical hollow fine particles by causing a condensation reaction of said silanol compound with silanol group forming silicide R4SiY3 and silanol group forming silicide R5R6SiZ2 in an aqueous condition in the presence of a basic catalyst and a cationic surfactant, R4, R5 and R6 being each an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms or phenyl group, and X, Y and Z being each alkoxy group with 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxyethoxy group having alkoxy group with 1-4 carbon atoms, acyloxy group with 2-4 carbon atoms, N,N-dialkylamino group having alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, hydroxyl group, halogen atom or hydrogen atom; and mixing said non-spherical hollow fine particles with a polycarbonate resin in a heated molten condition of said polycarbonate resin to thereby obtain said resin composition.
[0001] This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 13/016,002 filed Jan. 28, 2011, now pending, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP2010/057419, filed Apr. 27, 2010, priority being claimed on Japanese Patent Applications 2009-123380 filed May 21, 2009 and 2010-088277 filed Apr. 7, 2010.
[0002] This invention relates to resin compositions containing non-spherical hollow fine particles. Fine particles of various substances have been in use in many applications. Their shapes are mostly indefinite, and fine particles of each type have been playing their suitable roles as an industrial material. In recent years, however, as the characteristics required of them in various applications become highly advanced, there are beginning to appear many situations where fine particles with controlled shapes are desired. As examples, improvements in the optical characteristics in the field of display devices and optical diffusers may be considered. This invention relates to resin compositions containing non-spherical hollow fine particles which can respond to demands for such improvements.
[0003] There have been many proposed ideas regarding both inorganic and organic fine particles with controlled shapes. As for organic fine particles, Japanese Patent Publications Tokkai 09-103804 and 11-292907, for example, considered polystyrene fine particles, Japanese Patent Publication Tokkai 11-116649, for example, considered polyurethane fine particles, Japanese Patent Publication Tokkai 11-140181, for example, considered polyimide fine particles, and Japanese Patent Publication Tokkai 61-159427, for example, considered organosilicone fine particles. Since almost all of these prior art organic fine particles are spherical or nearly spherical, there have in recent years been an increasing number of situations wherein these prior fine particles cannot respond to the highly advanced requirements imposed upon them for purposes of use. In view of the above, as examples of organic fine particles with modified shapes, Japanese Patent Publication Tokkai 07-157672, for example, proposed hollow organic fine particles having large protrusions and indentations, Japanese Patent Publication Tokkai 2000-191788, for example, proposed organic fine particles having a plurality of small indentations on the surface, Japanese Patent Publication Tokkai 2003-171465, for example, proposed organic fine particles shaped like a rugby ball, and Japanese Patent Publication Tokkai 2003-128788, for example, proposed semispherical organic fine particles. Even such prior art organic fine particles with modified shapes have problems of not being able to fully respond to the highly advanced requirements of recent years imposed on them for purposes of use.
[0004] It is therefore an object of this invention to provide resin composition containing non-spherical hollow fine particles which will be able to sufficiently respond to the highly advanced requirements of recent years imposed on them for improvements in optical characteristics such as increasing both the total light transmittance and haze to over 90%.
[0005] The inventors herein have carried out investigations in order to solve the aforementioned problems and discovered as a result thereof that such suitable resin compositions as described above can be obtained by causing non-spherical hollow fine particles of a specific kind having a special size and a plurality of concave parts of a specific size on the surface, a hollow part inside connected to the surface, and a spindle shape as a whole to be contained in polycarbonate resin.
[0006] Thus, this invention relates to resin compositions, of which both the total light transmittance and haze are over 90% when a test piece with thickness 3 mm is used in a measurement according to Measurement Method B of the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K7105 (1981), having polycarbonate resin containing non-spherical hollow fine particles characterized as each having a spindle shape as a whole with a major axis L1 and a minor axis L2, a plurality of concave parts 21 on the surface 11, a hollow part 41 inside connected to the surface 11 through a crack 51 extending along the major axis L1, and, the average length of the major axes being 0.3-20 μm, the ratio of the average length of the minor axes L2 to the average length of the major axes L1 being 0.3-0.8, the ratio of the average maximum diameter (m1) of the concave parts 21 to the average length of the major axis L1 being 0.01-0.30, and the oil absorption being 50-150 ml/100 g. The invention also relates to methods of producing such non-spherical hollow fine particles, as well as cosmetic products and resin compositions using such non-spherical hollow fine particles.
[0007] FIG. 1 is an enlarged approximate front view of a non-spherical hollow fine particle embodying this invention.
[0008] FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of the non-spherical hollow fine particle shown in
[0010] FIG. 3 is a sectional view seen along line 3-3 in FIG. 2.
[0011] FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscopic photograph with magnification 4000 of a non-spherical hollow fine particle embodying this invention.
[0012] FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscopic photograph with magnification 10000, showing a sectional view of a non-spherical hollow fine particle embodying this invention in the direction of its minor axis.
[0013] Non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention each have a plurality of concave parts 21 on its surface 11, a hollow part 41 in its interior 31 connected to the surface 11 through a crack 51 extending in the direction of its major axis L1, and a spindle shape as a whole. The non-spherical hollow fine particles used in this invention are organosilicone fine particles comprising a polysiloxane cross-link structure having siloxane units forming a three-dimensional network structure, and such organosilicone fine particles comprise siloxane units shown by SiO2, siloxane units shown by R1SiO1.5, and siloxane units shown by R2R3SiO, where R1, R2 and R3 are each alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms or phenyl group.
[0014] Examples of R1, R2 and R3 include alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group and butyl group and phenyl group, among which methyl group is preferable. When R1, R2 and R3 are such organic groups, preferable examples of siloxane units R1SiO1.5 and R2R3SiO include methyl siloxane unit, ethyl siloxane unit, propyl siloxane unit, butyl siloxane unit and phenyl siloxane unit.
[0015] When the organosilicone fine particles are formed with such siloxane units, there is no specific limitation on the ratio among these siloxane units but it is preferable to have siloxane units SiO2 in an amount of 20-45 molar %, siloxane units R1SiO1.5 in an mount of 50-75 molar % and siloxane units R2R3SiO in an amount of 5-27 molar % such that the total would be 100 molar %.
[0016] As explained above, non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention are characterized as each having a plurality of concave parts 21 on its surface 11, a hollow part 41 in its interior 31 connected to the surface 11 through a crack 51 extending in the direction of the major axis L1, and a spindle shape as a whole, and the average length of the major axes L1 is in the range of 0.5-20 μm.
[0017] Non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention each have a crack 51 in the direction of the major axis L1. This crack 51 may be substantially closed, evidently open or a mixture of both, and is serviceable in all these forms. This crack 51 is connected to the hollow part 41. Although there is no particular limitation on the size of this hollow part 41, its existence is important for having the desired effects of this invention.
[0018] Non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention each have a plurality of concave parts 21 on the surface 11. The ratio of the average of their maximum diameters m1 to the average of their major axes L1 is in the range of 0.01-0.30. The existence of such concave parts is important for having the desired effects of this invention.
[0019] Regarding the non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention, the average of their major axes L1, the average of their minor axes L2 and the average of the maximum diameter m1 of their concave parts 21 are all averages of values obtained by measuring on 20 arbitrarily selected particles on a scanning electron microscopic image.
[0020] One of the indicators of the characteristics of the non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention is the magnitude of oil absorption. The oil absorption is in the range of 50-150 ml/100 g.
[0021] Non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention can be obtained by a production method as described below, that is, by using silanol group forming silicide SiX4 in an amount of 20-45 molar %, silanol group forming silicide R4SiY3 in an amount of 50-75 molar % and silanol group forming silicide R5R6SiZ2 in an amount of 5-27 molar % such that the total would be 100 molar %, where R4, R5 and R6 are each alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms or phenyl group, and X, Y and Z are each alkoxy group with 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxyethoxy group having alkoxy group with 1-4 carbon atoms, acyloxy group with 2-4 carbon atoms, N,N-dialkylamino group having alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, hydroxyl group, halogen atom or hydrogen atom, obtained by firstly generating silanol compounds by causing silanol group forming silicide SiX4 to contact water in the presence of a basic catalyst for hydrolysis and then causing a condensation reaction of these silanol compounds with silanol group forming silicides R4SiY3 and R5R6SiZ2 in an aqueous condition with the presence of a basic catalyst and a cationic surfactant.
[0022] Examples of R4, R5 and R6 include alkyl groups with 1-4 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group and butyl group and phenyl group, among which methyl group is preferable.
[0023] Silanol group forming silicide SiX4 is a compound which eventually forms siloxane unit SiO2. Examples of X in SiX4 include (1) alkoxy groups with 1-4 carbon atoms such as methoxy group and ethoxy group, (2) alkoxyetoxy groups having alkoxy group with 1-4 carbon atoms such as methoxyethoxy group and butoxyethoxy group, (3) acyloxy groups with 2-4 carbon atoms such as acetoxy group and propyoxy group, (4) N,N-dialkylamino groups having alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms such as dimethylamino group and diethylamino group, (5) hydroxyl group, (6) halogen atoms such as chlorine atom and bromine atom, and (7) hydrogen atom.
[0024] Examples of silanol group forming silicide SiX4 include tetramethoxy silane, tetraethoxy silane, tetrabutoxy silane, trimethoxyethoxy silane, tributoxyethoxy silane, tetraacetoxy silane, tetrapropyoxy silane, tetra(dimethylamino) silane, tetrahydroxy silane, tetrachloro silane, and chlorotrihydrogen silane, among which tetramethoxy silane, tetraethoxy silane and tetrabutoxy silane are preferred.
[0025] Silanol group forming silicide R4SiY3 is a compound which eventually forms siloxane units R1SiO1.5. Y in R4SiY3 is similar to X in SiX4 and R4 in R4SiY3 is similar to R1 in R1SiO1.5.
[0026] Examples of silanol group forming silicide R4SiY3 include methyltrimethoxy silane, ethyltriethoxy silane, propyltributoxy silane, butyltributoxy silane, phenyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, methyltris(2-butoxyethoxy)silane, methyltriacetoxysilane, methyltripropyoxy silane, methyl silane triol, methylchloro disilanol, methyltrichlorosilane, and methyltrihydrogen silane, among which, as explained above regarding R1 in siloxane units R1SiO1.5, those silanol group forming silicides which eventually form methyl siloxane unit, ethyl siloxane unit, propyl siloxane unit, butyl siloxane unit, or phenyl siloxane unit may be mentioned, and those silanol group forming silicides which come to form methyl siloxne are more preferred.
[0027] Silanol group forming silicide R5R6SiZ2 is a compound which eventually forms siloxane units R2R3SiO. Z in R5R6SiZ2 is similar to X in SiX4 and R5 and R6 in R5R6SiZ2 are similar to R2 and R3 in R2R3SiO.
[0028] Examples of silanol group forming silicide R5R6SiZ2 include dimethyldimethoxy silane, diethyldiethoxy silane, dipropyldibutoxy silane, dibutyldimethoxy silane, methylphenyl methoxyethoxy silane, dimethylbutoxyethoxy silane, dimethyldiacetoxy silane, dimethyldipropyoxy silane, dimethyldi(dimethylamino)silane, dimethyldi(diethylamino)silane, dimethyl silane diol, dimethylchloro silanol, dimethyldicholo silane, and dimethyldihydrogen silane, among which, as explained above regarding R2 and R3 in siloxane units R2R3SiO, those silanol group forming silicides which eventually form dimethyl siloxane unit, diethyl siloxane unit, dipropyl siloxane unit, dibutyl siloxane unit or methylphenyl siloxane unit may be mentioned, and those silanol group forming silicides which come to form dimethylsiloxane unit are more preferred.
[0029] For producing non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention, silanol group forming silicide SiX4 in an amount of 20-45 molar %, silanol group forming silicide R4SiY3 in an amount of 50-75 molar % and silanol group forming silicide R5R6SiZ2 in an amount of 5-27 molar % are used such that their total would be 100 molar %, silanol group forming silicide SiX4 being firstly caused to undergo hydrolysis by contacting water in the presence of a basic catalyst so as to produce a silanol compound. A known kind of basic catalyst may be employed for the hydrolysis. Examples of such a basic catalyst include inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and ammonia and organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide, dodecyldimethyl hydroxylethyl ammonium hydroxide, and sodium methoxide. It is generally preferable that the catalyst to be made present for the hydrolysis be at a concentration of 0.001-0.5 mass % with respect to the total silanol group forming silicides used in the reaction.
[0030] Next, the silanol compound generated as explained above and silanol group forming silicides R4SiY3 and R5R6SiZ2 are caused to undergo a condensation reaction in an aqueous condition in the presence of a basic catalyst and a cationic surfactant. As the basic catalyst for the condensation reaction, as in the case of that for the hydrolysis, those of a known kind can be use, and it is preferable to cause it to be present at a concentration of 0.001-0.5 mass % with respect to the total amount of the silanol group forming silicides used for the reaction.
[0031] As the cationic surfactant to be added to the reacting system together with the basic catalyst, too, those of a known kind may be used. Examples of such cationic surfactant include quaternary ammonium salts such as lauryl trimethyl ammonium ethosulfate, tributylmethyl ammonium, tetrabutyl ammonium, trimethyloctyl ammonium, trimethyllauryl ammonium, and trimethyloleyl ammonium, and cationic surfactants such as 2-heptadecenyl-hydroxyethylimidazoline. It is normally preferable to cause the cationic surfactant to be made present at a concentration of 0.001-0.55 mass % with respect to the total amount of the silanol group forming silicides used for the reaction.
[0032] The mass ratio of water to the total amount of the silanol group forming silicides is normally 10/90-70/30. The amount of the catalyst to be used varies according to its kind as well as to the kind of the silanol group forming silicide but it is preferably 1 mass % or less with respect to the total amount of the silanol group forming silicides. The reaction temperature is usually 0-40° C. but preferably 30° C. or less in order to avoid any instantly occurring condensation reaction of the silanol which has been generated by the hydrolysis.
[0033] The reaction liquid containing the silanol compounds which has been generated as described above is provided continuously to the condensation reaction to generate organic silicone fine particles that are hollow and of a spindle shape as a whole. By the production method according to the present invention, since the catalyst for the hydrolysis can be used also as the catalyst for the condensation reaction, organic silicone fine particles can be obtained as an aqueous suspension by causing the reaction liquid containing the silanol compounds generated by the hydrolysis to continue undergoing the condensation reaction either as it is or by further adding a catalyst and by heating it to 30-80° C. In the production method of this invention, it is desirable to adjust the pH value of this aqueous suspension to 8-10 by an alkali such as ammonia, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. It is also preferable to adjust the solid concentration of the organic silicone within such an aqueous suspension to 2-20 mass % and more preferably to 5-15 mass % by varying the amount of water to be used.
[0034] Non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention can be used as an aqueous material with the solid component adjusted to be 30-70 mass % by separating from the aforementioned aqueous suspension, say, by passing through a metallic net and through centrifugation or pressure filtration, or they may be used in a dried form. The dried form can be obtained by passing the aqueous suspension through a metallic net, dehydrating by centrifugation or pressure filtration and drying the dehydrated product by heating at 100-250° C. It can also be obtained by a method of directly heating and drying the aqueous suspension by a spray drier at 100-250° C. Such dried materials are preferably crushed, for example, by using a jet mill.
[0035] Non-spherical hollow fine particles which are used in this invention thus obtained have a plurality of concave parts 21 on the surface, a hollow part 41 in the interior 31 connected to the surface 11 through a crack 51 extending in the direction of the major axis L1, and a spindle shape as a whole, the average length of the major axis L1 being 0.5-20 μm, the ratio of the average of the minor axis L2 to the average of the major axis L1 being 0.3-0.8, the ratio of the maximum diameter (m1) of the concave parts 21 to the average of the major axis L1 being 0.01-0.30, and the oil absorption being within the range of 50-150 ml/100 g.
[0036] Resin compositions according to this invention are characterized as comprising polycarbonate resin containing non-spherical hollow fine particles as described above. In the case of molded resin products requiring advanced optical characteristics such as illumination and display devices, products with high optical transmittance and haze such as those having both optical transmittance and haze over 90% and improved optical diffusibility are becoming desired due to the requirement for highly effective use of light, and resin compositions according to this invention are useful for obtaining molded resin products satisfying such requirement. For producing molded resin products as described above from a resin composition of this invention, the amount of non-spherical hollow fine particles as described above to be used is normally 0.1-5 mass % in the resin composition, and preferably 0.2-2 mass %. When a resin composition of this invention is used for coating the surface of a separately produced molded resin product, however, non-spherical hollow fine particles as described above may be contained at a rate of up to 30 mass % in the resin composition as long as allowed by the strength of the coating film.
[0037] Resin compositions according to this invention can be obtained first by preparing non-spherical hollow fine particles by using the production method described above and then mixing the prepared non-spherical hollow particles and polycarbonate resin together with the polycarbonate resin in a heated molten condition.
[0038] The present invention, as described above, can sufficiently respond to the requirements which are becoming advanced in recent years such as the specific requirement on molded resin products that the total transmittance and the haze should both be over 90%.
[0039] Next, the invention will be described in terms of test examples but they are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following test examples and comparison examples, "part" will mean "mass part" and "%" will mean "mass %".
[0040] A non-spherical hollow fine particle of this invention schematically shown in FIGS. 1-3 has a plurality of concave parts 21 on its surface 11, a hollow part 41 in its interior 31 connected to the surface 11 through a crack 51 extending in the direction of its major axis L1, and a spindle shape as a whole, the average length of the major axis L1 being 0.5-20 μm, the ratio of the average of the minor axis L2 to the average of the major axis L1 being 0.3-0.8, the ratio of the average of the maximum diameter m1 of the concave parts 21 to the average of the major axis L1 being 0.01-0.30, and the oil absorption being in the range of 50-150 ml/100 g. Such a non-spherical hollow fine particle actually has a shape as illustrated by the scanning electron microscopic photograph of FIG. 4, and its sectional surface along its minor axis L2 is structured as illustrated by the scanning electron microscopic photograph of FIG. 5.
Part 1: Synthesis of Non-Spherical Hollow Fine Particles
Synthesis of Non-Spherical Hollow Fine Particles (P-1)
[0041] Ion exchange water 2000 g was taken into a reactor vessel and 30% sodium hydroxide 0.11 g was added thereinto and dissolved. Tetraethoxy silane 199.7 g (0.96 mols) was further added to carry out hydrolysis with stirring at 15° C. for 60 minutes. An aqueous solution was separately prepared in another reactor vessel by dissolving lauryl trimethyl ammonium ethosulfate 0.7 g and 30% sodium hydroxide 2.68 g in ion exchange water 350 g and cooled to 10° C., and the aforementioned hydrolysate solution adjusted to the same temperature was gradually dropped into it with stirring. Dimethyldimethoxy silane 93.6 g (0.78 mols) and methyltrimethoxy silane 267.9 g (1.97 moles) were further added and the whole was left quietly for one hour while being maintained below 30° C. After it was maintained at the same temperature for 4 hours, it was heated to 60° C. for a reaction at the same temperature for 5 hours to obtain a white suspension. After the suspension thus obtained was maintained quietly overnight, the white solid phase obtained by removing the liquid phase by decantation was washed with water by a usual method and dried to obtain non-spherical hollow fine particles (P-1). Regarding non-spherical hollow fine particles (P-1), observations and measurements of the surfaces and observations of the sections of the fine particles, elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, FT-IR spectrometry and NMR spectrometry were carried out. As a result, it was ascertained that non-spherical hollow fine particles (P-1) were non-spherical hollow fine particles having a plurality of concave parts 21 on the surface 11, a hollow part 41 in the interior 31 connected to the surface 11 through a crack 51 extending in the direction of the major axis L1, and a spindle shape as a whole, the average length of the major axis being 7.6 μm and the ratio of the average of the minor axis L2 to the average of the major axis L1 being 0.55, and their structural units being organic silicone fine particles having siloxane units SiO2 in the amount of 26 molar %, siloxane units R1SiO1.5 in the amount of 53 molar % and siloxane units R2R3SiO in the amount of 21 molar % such that they are together 100 molar %.
Shapes, Average of Major Axes L1, Average of Minor Axes L2, and Average of Maximum Diameters m1 of the Concave Parts of Non-Spherical Hollow Fine Particles (P-1)
[0042] A scanning electron microscope (SEMEDX Type N, produced by Hitachi, Ltd.) was used to observe at magnifications of 2000-5000 to obtain an SEM image. Arbitrarily selected 20 non-spherical hollow fine particles (P-1) out of this SEM image and observed, their major axes L1, their minor axes L2 and the maximum diameters m1 of the concave parts 21 on their surfaces 11 were actually measured, and their average values were obtained.
Examination of the Hollow Parts of Non-Spherical Hollow Fine Particles (P-1)
[0043] FIB (FB-2100 type focusing ion beam fabrication inspection device) was used to carry out cross-sectional surfacing of the non-spherical hollow fine particles. The obtained cross-sectional surfaces of the non-spherical hollow fine particles were observed at magnifications of 8000-15000 by using a scanning electron microscope (S-4800 type produced by HITACHI, Ltd.) and SEM images were obtained. The presence or absence of hollow parts of the non-spherical hollow fine particles was examined from these SEM images.
Measurements of Oil Absorption by Non-Spherical Hollow Fine Particles (P-1)
[0044] Measurements were made according to JIS-K5101-13-1 (2004).
Analysis of Combining Siloxane Units of Non-Spherical Hollow Fine Particles (P-1)
[0045] Non-spherical hollow fine particles (P-1) 5 g were accurately measured and added to 0.05N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide 250 ml to extract all of the hydrolyzable groups in the non-spherical hollow fine particles. Non-spherical hollow fine particles were separated by ultra-centrifugation from the extraction-processed liquid, and after the separated non-spherical hollow fine particles were washed with water and dried at 200° C. for 5 hours, elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry and FT-IR spectrometry were carried out on them to measure total carbon content and the amount of contained silicon, and silicon-carbon bonding and silicon-oxygen-silicon bonding were examined. Based on these analyzed values, integrated values of NMR spectrum of CP/MAS on solid 29Si, the number of carbon atoms in R4 of silanol group forming silicide R4SiY3, and the numbers of carbon atoms in R5 and R6 of silanol group forming silicide R5R6SiZ2, the ratios of siloxane units SiO2, siloxane units R1SiO1.5 and siloxane units R2R3SiO were calculated.
Syntheses of Non-Spherical Hollow Fine Particles (P-2)-(P-7)
[0046] Non-spherical hollow fine particles (P-2)-(P-7) were synthesized and observations, measurements and analyses were carried out similar to those done for non-spherical hollow fine particles (P-1).
Synthesis of Fine Particles (R-1)
[0047] Ion exchange water 100 g, acetic acid 0.01 g and 10% aqueous solution of dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate 1.8 g were taken into a reactor vessel and made into a uniform aqueous solution. Tetraethoxy silane 56.2 g (0.27 mols), methyltrimethoxy silane 74.8 g (0.55 mols) and dimethyldimethoxy silane 21.6 g (0.18 mol) were added to this aqueous solution to carry out hydrolysis at 30° C. for 30 minutes. Next, ion exchange water 700 g and 30% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide 0.48 g were added into another reactor vessel to prepare a uniform aqueous solution. While this aqueous solution was being stirred, the aforementioned hydrolyzed liquid was gradually added to carry out a reaction at 15° C. for 5 hours and further for 5 hours at 80° C. to obtain a suspension. After this suspension was left quietly overnight, its liquid phase was removed by decantation, the white solid phase thus obtained was washed with water by a usual method and dried to obtain fine particles (R-1). Observations, measurements and analyses similar to those carried out on non-spherical hollow fine particles (P-1) were carried out on fine particles (R-1). Details of non-spherical hollow fine particles, etc. of the examples synthesized as above are shown together in Tables 1-3.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Silanol group Silanol group Silanol group forming forming Catalyst for Type of forming silicide silicide Catalyst for condensation particles silicide SiX4 R4SiY3 R5R6SiZ2 hydrolysis reaction Surfactant P-1 SM-1/26 SM-3/53 SM-6/21 CA-1/0.017 CA-1/0.143 C-1/0.124 P-2 SM-1/32 SM-3/54 SM-6/14 CA-1/0.075 CA-1/0.066 C-1/0.035 P-3 SM-1/22 SM-3/62 SM-6/6 CA-2/0.022 CA-2/0.210 C-2/0.008 SM-4/10 P-4 SM-2/40 SM-3/44 SM-6/8 CA-2/0.035 CA-2/0.115 C-2/0.016 SM-5/8 P-5 SM-2/37 SM-3/51 SM-7/12 CA-1/0.008 CA-2/0.0 15 C-2/0.310 P-6 SM-2/30 SM-3/57 SM-7/13 CA-1/0.400 CA-2/0.020 C-1/0.025 P-7 SM-2/23 SM-3/51 SM-7/15 CA-2/0.030 CA-1/0.011 C-1/0.025 SM-5/11 . R-1 SM-1/27 SM-3/55 SM-6/18 CA-3/0.020 CA-1/0.094 A-1/0.120 In Table 1: Silicides are shown for "Type/Amount of use" Catalysts and surfactants are shown for "Type/Concentration" Amount of use: Molar % with respect to the total 100% of silanol group forming silicides used as material Concentration of catalyst for hydrolysis: Concentration (mass %) of catalyst with respect to silanol group forming silicide SiX4 Concentration of catalyst for condensation reaction: Concentration (mass %) of catalyst with respect to the total of silanol group forming silicides used as material Concentration of surfactant: Concentration of surfactant (mass %) with respect to the total of silanol group forming silicides used as material SM-1: Tetraethoxy silane SM-2: Tetramethoxy silane SM-3: Methyltrimethoxy silane SM-4: Propyltributoxy silane SM-5: Phenyltrimethoxy silane SM-6: Dimethyldimethoxy silane SM-7: Methylphenylmethoxyethoxy silane CA-1: Sodium hydroxide CA-2: Ammonia CA-3: Acetic acid C-1: Lauryltrimethyl ammonium ethosulfate C-2: Tributylmethyl ammonium = diehtylphosphate A-1: Dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Siloxane units Siloxane units Siloxane units Concave Type of SiO2 R1SiO1.5 R2R3SiO Shape as a parts on Hollow particles Type Ratio Type Ratio Type Ratio whole surface part P-1 S-1 26 S-2 53 S-5 21 1* 3* 5* P-2 S-1 32 S-2 54 S-5 14 1* 3* 5* P-3 S-1 22 S-2 62 S-5 6 1* 3* 5* S-3 10 P-4 S-1 40 S-2 44 S-5 8 1* 3* 5* S-4 8 P-5 S-1 37 S-2 51 S-6 12 1* 3* 5* P-6 S-1 30 S-2 57 S-6 13 1* 3* 5* P-7 S-1 23 S-2 51 S-6 15 1* 3* 5* S-4 11 R-1 S-1 27 S-2 55 S-5 18 2* 4* 6* In Table 2: S-1: Anhydrous silicic acid unit S-2: Methyl siloxane unit S-3: Propyl siloxane unit S-4: Phenyl siloxane unit S-5: Dimethyl siloxane unit S-6: Methylphenyl siloxane unit Ratio: Molar % 1* Spindle shape as a whole with a plurality of concave parts on the surface and a crack in the direction of the major axis 2* Shape of a rugby ball as a whole with a crack on peripheral surface in the longitudinal direction 3* Existence of a plurality of concave parts on the surface of fine particles 4* Fine particles have smooth surfaces 5* Existence of hollow part inside fine particles 6* No hollow part inside fine particles
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Shape Concave parts on surface (1) Average (2) Average (3) Average of maximum Oil Type of of major axes of minor axes Ratio diameters (m1) of concave Ratio absorption particles (L1) in μm (L2) in μm (2)/(1) parts on surface in μm (3)/(1) (ml/100 g) P-1 7.6 4.2 0.55 1.06 0.14 145 P-2 10.3 5.4 0.52 2.16 0.21 125 P-3 18.4 12.7 0.69 4.78 0.26 96 P-4 0.8 0.3 0.39 0.06 0.08 67 P-5 15.1 6.6 0.44 1.66 0.11 88 P-6 13.6 5.6 0.41 3.67 0.27 92 P-7 0.4 0.3 0.76 0.01 0.03 59 R-1 2.5 1.2 0.48 -- -- 39
Part 2 (Preparation of Resin Compositions)
[0048] Polycarbonate resins with stronger requirements regarding optical and heat resistance characteristics were used for preparation and evaluation of the following resin compositions and molded resin products.
Preparation of Resin Compositions and Production of Molded Products
[0049] Non-spherical hollow fine particles synthesized in Part 1 and fine particles of other types (0.7 parts) were added to polycarbonate resin (Panlite K1285 (tradename) produced by Teijin Chemicals, Ltd.) (100 parts) and after they were mixed together, they were melted and kneaded together at resin temperature of 280° C. under a condition of heated and molten polycarbonate resins by using a biaxial extruder (40 mmΦ) equipped with vent to obtain pellets of resin composition by extrusion. Next, these pellets of resin composition were molded by using an injection molding machine at cylinder temperature of 230° C. and mold temperature of 60° C. to produce test pieces of 200×500 mm with thickness 3 mm.
[0050] Optical characteristics (total light transmittance and haze) and heat-resistant colorability were measured as follows by using the test pieces described above. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0051] Total light transmittance and haze were measured on test pieces having thickness of 3 mm according to JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) K7105 (1981) by using NDH-2000 (tradename) produced by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.
[0052] For the measurement of heat-resistant colorability, the aforementioned test piece was cut to produce 200×200 mm sample films. The sample films thus cut out were placed inside a heated air circulating oven at temperature of 80° C. and maintained there for 180 minutes. Thereafter, the degree of coloration by heating was measured in terms of the b-value by using a color meter (CR-300 (tradename) produced by Minolta Co., Ltd.). The value of Δb was calculated according to JIS-Z8729 (2004) for the formula Δb=b2-b1 where b1 is the b-value of the sample film before the heat treatment and b2 is the b-value of the sample film after the heat treatment, and the calculated result is shown in Table 4.
[0053] As can be clearly understood from the results shown in Table 4, this invention is fully capable of responding to the requirement on molded resin products that the total light transmittance and the haze should be over 90%.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Fine Added Total light Heat-resistant particles Quantity (%) transmittance Haze colorability TE-1 P-l 0.7 91.6 90.6 -0.1 TE-2 P-2 0.7 90.8 92.1 0.0 TE-3 P-3 0.7 87.2 86.7 0.2 TEA P-4 0.7 85.5 85.7 0.2 TE-5 P-5 0.7 85.9 85.5 0.3 TE-6 P-6 0.7 86.8 84.8 0.2 TE-7 P-7 0.7 86.1 86.5 0.2 TE-8 P-l 0.3 92.3 90.1 -0.1 TE-9 P-l 1.5 90.6 91.7 0.0 TE-10 P-2 0.3 91.4 91.4 0.0 TE-11 P-2 1.5 90.1 93.2 0.0 CE-1 R-1 0.7 81.6 80.3 0.2 CE-2 R-2 0.7 82.1 79.1 0.2 CE-3 R-3 0.7 80.8 79.6 3.9 CE-4 R-5 0.7 78.4 76.9 2.3 In Table 4: TE: Text Example CE: Comparison Example R-5: Calcium carbonate Total lighl Iransrnillanec: % Heat-resistant colorability: Value of Ab
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