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Patent US5954685 - Used in the biomedical fields to measure concentrations - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsThe present invention provides an electrode assembly for use in a transdermal analyte sensor operating in an alternating polarity mode in which a single electrode element provides both the counter electrode and iontophoretic electrode functions. By combining both the functions of the iontophoretic and...http://www.google.com/patents/US5954685?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5954685 - Used in the biomedical fields to measure concentrationsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5954685 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/653,161Publication dateSep 21, 1999Filing dateMay 24, 1996Priority dateMay 24, 1996Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020019604Publication number08653161, 653161, US 5954685 A, US 5954685A, US-A-5954685, US5954685 A, US5954685AInventorsMichael J. TierneyOriginal AssigneeCygnus, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (59), Non-Patent Citations (36), Referenced by (71), Classifications (9), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetUsed in the biomedical fields to measure concentrationsUS 5954685 AAbstract The present invention provides an electrode assembly for use in a transdermal analyte sensor operating in an alternating polarity mode in which a single electrode element provides both the counter electrode and iontophoretic electrode functions. By combining both the functions of the iontophoretic and counter electrode, the surface area of the electrode with respect to each function may be made larger. In turn this increases the ability of the electrode to deliver the required electrical field over a larger area when operating in the iontophoretic mode as well as increasing the ability of the counter electrode to compensate for the larger sensing electrode facilitated by this new design.
We claim: 1. An integral electrode assembly for use in a transcutaneous reverse-iontophoresis diagnostic system wherein chemical signals are extracted through the surface of a patient's skin by application of an electrical field, said assembly comprising:(a) a pair of electrically connected iontophoretic electrodes adapted for applying electrical current to the skin to extract chemical signals therefrom; (b) a first sensing electrode positioned adjacent one of the iontophoretic electrodes for detecting the chemical signals extracted thereby; wherein the first sensing electrode is electrically connected with said iontophoretic electrode such that said iontophoretic electrode serves as a counter electrode therefor and defines a first sensor electrode pair. 2. The electrode assembly of claim 1 further comprising a second sensing electrode positioned opposite the first sensor electrode pair and adjacent the remaining iontophoretic electrode for detecting the chemical species extracted thereby, wherein the second sensing electrode is electrically connected to the adjacent iontophoretic electrode such that said iontophoretic electrode serves as a counter electrode therefor and defines a second sensor electrode pair.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS This application is related to co-pending earlier filed application Ser. No. 08/373,931, filed Jan. 10, 1995 entitled "Iontophoretic Sampling Device with Integrated Sensor" and earlier filed application Ser. No. 08/580,212, filed Dec. 28, 1995 entitled "Continuous Monitoring of Physiological Analytes" each of which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and which applications disclose inventions which were invented under an obligation to assign rights to the same entity as which the rights in the present invention were invented under an obligation to assign to.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates generally to the field of electrodes for electrochemical measurements, specifically electrodes used in the biomedical fields to measure concentrations of biomedically significant compounds.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The measurement of internal body conditions through external measurements defines the art of medical diagnostics. It is a goal of medical diagnostic devices to be as minimally invasive as possible to achieve measurement of internal processes. Consequently, many devices have been designed which permit the measurement of bodily functions through electrical or electrochemical skin surface measurements.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an electrode assembly for use in a transdermal analyte sensor operating in an alternating polarity mode in which a single electrode element provides both the sensor counter electrode and iontophoretic electrode functions. By combining both the functions of the iontophoretic and counter electrode, the surface area of the electrode with respect to each function may be made larger. In turn this increases the ability of the electrode to deliver the required electrical current over a larger area when operating in the iontophoretic mode as well as increasing the ability of the counter electrode to compensate for the larger sensing electrode facilitated by this new design. Another advantage is that the bi-modal electrode assembly is more easily and economically produced when compared to the preparation of an electrode element having independent electrodes achieving the iontophoretic electrode and counter electrode functions. A further object of the present invention provides an electrode assembly which is readily connected and disconnected from a power source and monitoring device, thus allowing for replacement of the electrode assembly, electrode subassembly, and/or an ionically conductive material (e.g., an electrolytic gel) used with the electrode assembly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the reaction which glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyzes to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide; hydrogen peroxide is then electrochemically reduced at the sensing electrode, thereby producing two electrons in the sensing circuit.
DEFINITIONS The term "bi-modal electrode" refers to an electrode which is capable of functioning non-simultaneously as both a counter electrode and a iontophoretic electrode.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Before the electrode configuration of the present invention is described and disclosed it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular components or composition described as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.
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REDWOOD CITY CALIFOOwner name: CYGNUS, INC. 400 PENOBSCOT DR.REDWOOD CITY, CALIFOFree format text: RELEASE;ASSIGNOR:SILICON VALLEY BANK /AR;REEL/FRAME:012463/0980Jan 7, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: SILICON VALLEY BANK, CALIFORNIAFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CYGNUS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:010514/0717Effective date: 19991220Owner name: SILICON VALLEY BANK 3003 TASMAN DRIVE SANTA CLARAOct 12, 1999ASAssignmentOwner name: CYGNUS, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TIERNEY, MICHAEL J.;REEL/FRAME:010303/0253Effective date: 19980902Owner name: CYGNUS, INC. 400 PENOBSCOT DRIVE REDWOOD CITY CALIRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google