Source: https://olrl.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law/9780199289684.001.0001/law-9780199289684-chapter-14
Timestamp: 2020-05-27 06:34:16
Document Index: 592369782

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art 65', 'Art 65', 'Art 23', 'Art 23', 'Art 1', 'Art 1', 'Art 1', 'Art 1', 'Art 1', 'Art 1', 'Art 1', 'Art 4', 'Art 2', 'Art 5', 'Art 5', 'Art 5', 'Art 5', 'Art 5', 'Art 4', 'Art 5', 'Arts 6', 'Art 6', 'Art 6', 'Art 6', 'Art 6', 'Art 4', 'Art 17', 'Art 7', 'Art 8', 'Art 8', 'Art 8', 'Art 8', 'Art 10', 'Art 10', 'Art 10', 'Art 10', 'Art 11', 'Art 11', 'Art 11', 'Art 11', 'Art 12', 'Art 12', 'Art 14', 'Art 14', 'Arts 14', 'Art 15', 'Art 15', 'Art.2', 'Art.3', 'Art.4', 'Art.5', 'Art.6', 'Art.7', 'Art.8', 'Art.9', 'Art.10', 'Art.11', 'Art.12', 'Art.13', 'Art.14', 'Art.15', 'Art.16', 'Art.17', 'Art.18', 'Art.19', 'Art.20', 'Art.21', 'Art.22', 'Art.23', 'Art.24', 'Art.25', 'Art.26', 'Art.27', 'Art.28', 'Art.29', 'Art.30', 'Art.31', 'Art.32', 'Art.1', 'Art.2', 'Art.3', 'Art.4', 'Art.5', 'Art.6', 'Art.7', 'Art.9', 'Art.10', 'Art.11', 'Art.12', 'Art.13', 'Art.14', 'Art.15', 'Art.16', 'Art.17', 'Art.18', 'Art.19', 'Art.20', 'Art.21', 'Art.22', 'Art.23', 'Art.24', 'Art.25', 'Art.26', 'Art.1', 'Art.2', 'Art.3', 'Art.6', 'Art.7', 'Art.9', 'Art.14', 'Art.16', 'Art.18', 'Art.20', 'Art.23', 'Art.24', 'Art.27', 'Art 4', 'Art 5', 'Art 6', 'Art 7', 'Art 8', 'Art 9', 'Arts 15', 'Art 16', 'Art 26']

Oxford Legal Research Library: Part IV Freedom of Choice and Common Rules, 14 Scope of the Law Applicable under the Regulation in: The Rome II Regulation: The Law Applicable to Non
The Rome II Regulation: The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations by Dickinson, Andrew (1st July 2010)
B The Pre-Regulation Position: a Comparative Overview
C The Road to Rome II
Conception—A Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual and Non-Contractual Obligations?
Treaty on European Union—Picking Up Tools
Impact of the Treaty of Amsterdam
Early Work on a Possible ‘Rome II’ Convention
Proposal of the European Group for Private International Law (GEDIP)
The Vienna Action Plan and the Tampere European Council
The Council’s Work Continues …
as the Commission Prepares to Act
The Commission’s Green Paper—A Disappearing Act
The Commission’s Preliminary Draft Proposal
The Treaty of Nice—Joint Competence of the Council and Parliament
Assessment of the Proposal by the UK House of Lords’ Select Committee
The European Parliament (First Reading Procedure)
The Report of the European Economic and Social Committee
The Council Deliberates
The Rise and Fall of the ‘Country of Origin Principle’
The Commission’s Amended Proposal
Political Agreement and Common Position of the Council
The European Parliament (Second Reading Procedure)
The Conciliation Process and Adoption of the Regulation
D Conclusion: End of the Road?
2 Treaty Base
B The EC Law Framework
Relevant Provisions of Title IV to the EC Treaty
Restrictions on Community Competence
Establishing an ‘Area of Freedom, Security and Justice’
The Internal Market Connection
The Internal Market and its Proper Functioning
The Required Connection to the Internal Market under Art 65
Regulating the Internal Market—The Tobacco Advertising Decision
Can Art 65 Measures Extend to Situations Having No Connection to the Internal Market?
The Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe and the Reform Treaty
Facing Reality—Judicial Restraint in the Review of Internal Market Measures
Other Potential Restrictions on the Community’s Legislative Competence
Measures Promoting the Compatibility of Member State Rules
Relationship between Article 65 and Article 95
Objectives beyond the Proper Functioning of the Internal Market
C The Case for Community Legislation
General Approach to Legal Basis
(b) Removal of obstacles to the exercise of fundamental freedoms:
(c) Removal of distortions of competition:
(d) Deterrence of forum shopping:
(e) Facilitating the free movement of judgments:
Approach to Scope of Regulation
Approach to Questions of Subsidiarity and Proportionality
The EESC Opinion
Advice of the Council Legal Service
Discussions in Council
D The Text of the Regulation
3 Foundations and Scope
The First Aspect—Equal Authenticity of Different Language Versions
The Second Aspect—Autonomous Meaning of Particular Terms
The Third Aspect—Context and Objectives
General Objectives of the Regulation
The overriding principle of legal certainty?
The relationship between certainty and fairness
Influence of Certainty and Fairness on the Approach to the Connecting Factors
Objectives of Specific Rules of Applicable Law
Recitals as an Aid to Interpretation
Relevance of Travaux Préparatoires
Relevance of Other EC Instruments
B Key Concepts and Terms
‘Law Applicable to a Non-Contractual Obligation’
Renvoi Excluded
Habitual Residence of Natural Persons (Art 23(2))
Habitual Residence of Companies etc. (Art 23(1))
C Scope of the Regulation—Introduction and Approach to Characterization
Approach to Questions of Characterization
D Material Scope
Negative Content of ‘Non-Contractual Obligations’ I—Obligations, not Status
Negative Content of ‘Non-Contractual Obligations’ II—Excluding ‘Contractual Obligations’
The concept of a ‘contractual obligation’
Relationship with the Rome I Regime
‘Matters relating to a contract’ under the Brussels I Regime
Elements of a ‘contractual obligation’ under the Rome II Regulation and the Rome I Regime
Pre-contractual obligations
The problem of concurrent liability
Other problematic cases—fiduciary relationships and bailment
Negative Content of ‘Non-Contractual Obligations’ III—Specific Excluded Matters
Family Relationships (Art 1(2)(a))
Matrimonial Property Regimes, Wills and Succession (Art 1(2)(b))
Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes and Other Negotiable Instruments (Art 1(2)(c))
The Law of Companies and Other Bodies Corporate and Unincorporate (Art 1(2)(d))
3.170 Auditors’ liability
Liability relating to stock exchanges and financial instruments
Voluntary Trusts (Art 1(2)(e))
The concept of a ‘trust’
Trust ‘created voluntarily’
1 Trust ‘created voluntarily’
2 Trust ‘created voluntarily’
3 Trust ‘created voluntarily’
3.194 Trusts arising in connection with matters of wills and succession
Obligations of (or to) persons other than settlor, trustee, or beneficiary
The relationship between trusts and non-contractual obligations under the Regulation
1 The relationship between trusts and non-contractual obligations under the Regulation
2 The relationship between trusts and non-contractual obligations under the Regulation
3 The relationship between trusts and non-contractual obligations under the Regulation
4 The relationship between trusts and non-contractual obligations under the Regulation
5 The relationship between trusts and non-contractual obligations under the Regulation
Relationship between the Regulation, the 1985 Hague Convention, and the UK Recognition of Trusts Act 1987
3.207 Summary of conclusions (UK law)
Nuclear damage (Art 1(2)(f))
The 1960 Paris Convention
The 1963 Vienna Convention
3.213 The 1988 Joint Protocol relating to the application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention
Expanded definition of ‘nuclear damage’ under the Vienna and Paris Conventions
3.216 Non-contractual obligations ‘arising out of nuclear damage’
Violations of privacy and rights relating to personality (Art 1(2)(g))
The pre-existing UK rules
Scope of the Article 1(2)(g)
Positive Content of ‘Non-Contractual Obligations’—Chapters II and III of the Regulation
The concept of ‘tort, delict or quasi-delict’ under the Brussels Convention
The concept of ‘tort/delict’ in the Rome II Regulation
Other non-contractual obligations in the Rome II Regulation
Testing the Limits of the Regulation—The Action Paulienne
Non-Contractual Obligations—Summary of Conclusions
Revenue, Customs, and Administrative Matters Excluded
Liability for Exercise of State Authority Excluded
Liability under International and EC Law
E Territorial Application of the Regulation
The Persons Regulated—Courts or Tribunals of the EC Member States (Excluding Denmark)
The Situations Regulated—Application to Federal and Other Composite States
The Situations Regulated—Universal Application
The Situations Regulated—Connection to the Territory of a State and other Situations
Reference to more than one country/law—the concept of ‘Mosaikbetrachtung’ (mosaic view)
Areas outside State sovereignty
3.306 The territory of a State under the Regulation
Territory under the control of an unrecognized State or government
Events Above or Beyond State Territory, including on the High Seas
F Temporal Scope
G Overview and the Way Forward
Part II Non-Contractual Obligations Arising Out of Tort/Delict
4 Tort/Delict—General Rules
B Non-Contractual Obligations Arising Out of a Tort/Delict
The Category of ‘Tort/Delict’ and the Relationship of Article 4 with Other Rules
Non-Compensatory Remedies for Tort/Delict
Non-Compensatory Remedies Generally
Gain-Based Remedies
C The Law Generally Applicable to Torts/Delicts—Law of the Country of (Direct) Damage (Art 4(1))
Link to the Brussels Convention
The Approach to be Taken in Applying Article 4(1)
The Concept of ‘Damage’ (Art 2(1))
The Approach to Causation
The Event Giving Rise to Damage
The Indirect Consequences of the Event Giving Rise to Damage
Financial and Other Non-Material Consequences of Injury Sustained Elsewhere
Deterioration in the Physical Condition of the Person or Property
Consequences of Injury Sustained by Another (Reflective and Ricochet Losses)
Locating the ‘Damage’ under Article 4(1)
Financial and other Non-Material Loss
Damage in More than One Country—the ‘Mosaic View’
D Exceptions to the General Rule
Special Rules within Chapter II
Rules of Displacement
No Depeçage
Displacement in Favour of the Country of Common Habitual Residence
Displacement in Favour of a Country having a ‘Manifestly Closer Connection’
A pre-existing relationship between the parties
E Tort/Delict—Specific Examples
Breaches of EC Law
F Relationship with the Hague Traffic Accidents Convention
B Damage Caused by a Product
The Required Link between Product and Damage
Product Liability under English Law
The Relationship between Article 5 and Other Rules in Chapter II
C Product ‘Marketed’ in a Particular Country
D The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations Arising Out of Damage Caused by a Product
First Level—Country of Habitual Residence of the Person Sustaining the Damage (Art 5(1)(a))
The Sub-Rule
The Foreseeability Clause
Second Level—Country in which the Product was Acquired (Art 5(1)(b))
Third Level—Country in which the Damage Occurred (Art 5(1)(c))
First Rule of Displacement—Country of Habitual Residence of the Person Claimed to be Liable (Art 5(1), final para)
Second Rule of Displacement—Country of Common Habitual Residence (Art 5(1), opening words referring to Art 4(2))
Third Rule of Displacement—Country Having a ‘Manifestly Closer Connection’ (Art 5(2))
E The Relationship Between Article 5 and the Product Liability Directive
F Relationship With the Hague Products Liability Convention
6 Unfair Competition/Restriction of Competition
B The Nature of Article 6 and Its Relationship to Article 4
C The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations Arising Out of Acts of Unfair Competition (Arts 6(1) and 6(2))
Scope and Relationship with Other Rules
The Concept of ‘Unfair Competition’
Matters Excluded from Article 6(1)
Relationship with Article 6(2)—acts exclusively affecting a specific competitor
Relationship with Article 6(3)—restrictions of competition
Relationship with Article 8—intellectual property rights
Relationship with the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
The Country where Competitive Relations or the Collective Interests of Consumers are Affected
D The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations Arising Out of Restrictions of Competition (Art 6(3))
The Law of the Affected Market (Art 6(3)(a))
The Claimant’s Right to Choose the Law of the Forum (Art 6(3)(b))
E Exclusion of Party Choice (Art 6(4))
F The Private Enforcement of Competition Law—Future Development
B Scope of Article 7
Civil or Commercial Matters—Claims by Public Authorities
Types of Damage to which Article 7 Applies
Damage Sustained by Persons or Property as a Result of Such Damage
Approach to Characterization
C The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations Arising Out of Environmental Damage
The Basic Rule—The Law Determined Pursuant to Art 4(1)
The Claimant’s Right of Election—The Law of the Country in which the Event Giving Rise to Damage Occurred
D The Role of Rules of Safety and Conduct (Art 17)
E Regulation by International Convention
Relationship with Art 7
The Oil Pollution Conventions
B Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights
Non-Community Intellectual Property Rights
Community Intellectual Property Rights
‘Infringement’ of Intellectual Property Rights
Priority of Article 8
C Non-Community Intellectual Property Rights—The Law of the Country for which Protection is Claimed (Art 8(1))
D Community Rights—The Law of the Country in which the Act of Infringement Occurred (Art 8(2))
(1) The Community Trade Mark Regulation
Application of Art 8(2) of the Rome II Regulation
(2) The Community Design Regulation
Application of Article 8(2)
(3) The Community Plant Variety Regulation
E Scope of the Applicable Law
Relationship with the IP Enforcement Directive
F Exclusion of Party Choice (Art 8(3))
9 Industrial Action
B Scope of Article 9
Liability in the Capacity of a Worker or an Employer or the Organizations Representing their Personal Interests
Damages Caused by an Industrial Action
Exclusion of Matters of Industrial Relations Law and Status of Trade Unions
C The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations in Industrial Action Cases—Law of the Country where the Action is Taken
Part III Other Non-Contractual Obligations
A Chapter III of the Regulation—Unjust Enrichment, Negotiorum Gestio , and Culpa in Contrahendo
B Non-Contractual Obligation Arising Out of Unjust Enrichment
C The Concept of ‘Unjust Enrichment’
D The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations Arising Out of Unjust Enrichment
First Level—Law Governing Relationship Existing between the Parties with which Obligation is Concerned (Art 10(1))
Second Level—Country of Common Habitual Residence (Art 10(2))
Third Level—Country in which Enrichment Took Place (Art 10(3))
Rule of Displacement—Country Having a ‘Manifestly Closer Connection’ (Art 10(4))
11 Negotiorum Gestio
B Non-Contractual Obligation Arising Out of an Act Performed without Due Authority in Connection with the Affairs of Another ( Negotiorum Gestio )
Negotiorum Gestio and English Law
C The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations in Situations of Negotiorum Gestio
First Level—Law Governing Relationship Existing between the Parties with which Obligation is Concerned (Art 11(1))
Second Level—Country of Common Habitual Residence (Art 11(2))
Third Level—Country in which the Act was Performed (Art 11(3))
Rule of Displacement—Country Having a ‘Manifestly Closer Connection’ (Art 11(4))
12 Culpa in Contrahendo
B Non-Contractual Obligation Arising Out of Dealings Prior to the Conclusion of a Contract ( Culpa in Contrahendo )
Dealings Prior to the Conclusion of a Contract
Not A ‘Contractual Obligation’—Interaction with the Rome I Regulation
C The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations Arising from Culpa in Contrahendo
First Stage—The Law that Applies (or Would Have Applied) to the Contract (Art 12(1))
Second Stage—Following the Approach for Torts/Delicts Generally (Art 12(2))
Part IV Freedom of Choice and Common Rules
13 Choosing the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations
B Party Choice of Law For Non-Contractual Obligations (Art 14(1))
Non-Contractual Obligations to which Art 14 does not Apply
The Parties’ Agreement as to the Law Applicable
The Concept of an Agreement and the Relationship to National Law
The Law Chosen by the Parties
Other Restrictions on Freedom of Choice
Expressed or Demonstrated with Reasonable Certainty by the Circumstances of the Case
No Prejudice to Rights of Third Parties
C Insulation of the Applicable Law (Arts 14(2) and 14(3))
All Relevant Elements Located in a Single Country
All Relevant Elements Located in the Member States
D Timing of the Agreement
First Option—An Agreement Entered into after the Event Giving Rise to Damage Occurred
Second Option—An Agreement Freely Negotiated between Parties Pursuing a Commercial Activity
E Agreements Concluded Before 11 January 2009
F Appraisal
14 Scope of the Law Applicable under the Regulation
B Scope of the Law Applicable (Art 15)
(A) The Basis and Extent of Liability, Including the Determination of Persons who may be held Liable for Acts Performed by them
Capacity to Incur Liability
(B) The Grounds for Exemption from Liability, any Limitation of Liability and any Division of Liability
Exclusion or Limitation of Liability by Agreement
(C) The Existence, the Nature and the Assessment of Damage or the Remedy Claimed
The Assessment of Damages Generally
The Assessment of Damages in Traffic Accident Cases
(D) Within the Limits of Powers Conferred on the Court by its Procedural Law, the Measures which a Court may take to Prevent or Terminate Injury or Damage or to Ensure the Provision of Compensation
(E) The Question Whether a Right to Claim Damages or a Remedy may be Transferred, including by Inheritance
(F) Persons Entitled to Compensation for Damage Sustained Personally
(G) Liability for the acts of Another Person
(H) The Manner in which an Obligation may be Extinguished and rules of Prescription and Limitation, including Rules Relating to the Commencement, Interruption and Suspension of a Period of Prescription or Limitation
C Evidence and Procedure
Scope and Relationship with Art 15
D Introduction and Ascertainment of the Law Applicable Under the Regulation
Current Position in the Member States—A Comparative Overview
The European Parliament’s Proposed Rules
Evaluation of the Current Practice of the English Courts
E Formal Validity
F Burden of Proof
G Direct Action Against Insurer
Limits to Direct Action
Motor Insurance—Direct Right of Action under EC Law
Relationship to the Brussels I Regulation
H Subrogation
I Multiple Liability—Indemnity and Contribution
15 Public Policy, Mandatory Rules, and Rules of Conduct and Safety
B Public Policy
C Overriding Mandatory Provisions
Concept of ‘Mandatory’ Rules
Mandatory Rules of EC Law
Mandatory Rules of International Law
Mandatory Rules of the Law Applicable under the Regulation
Third Country Mandatory Rules
D Rules of Safety and Conduct
The Role of Rules of Safety and Conduct
16 Relationship with EC Law and International Instruments
A Relationship with EC Law
The ‘Country of Origin Principle’
Rise and Fall of the Country of Origin Principle
Effect of Article 27
B Relationship with International Instruments
The Hague Traffic Accidents and Products Liability Conventions
The Community’s External Competence
Appendix 1 Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II)
[OJ L199, 41]
[OJ L199, 42]
[OJ L199 , 43]
Ch.I Scope
Art.2 Non-contractual obligations
[OJ L199, 44]
Art.3 Universal application
Ch.II Torts/Delicts
Art.4 General rule
Art.5 Product liability
Art.6 Unfair competition and acts restricting free competition
[OJ L199, 45]
Art.7 Environmental damage
Art.8 Infringement of intellectual property rights
Art.9 Industrial action
Ch.III Unjust Enrichment, Negotiorum Gestio and Culpa in Contrahendo
Art.10 Unjust enrichment
Art.11 Negotiorum gestio
Art.12 Culpa in contrahendo
[OJ L199, 46]
Art.13 Applicability of Article 8
Ch.IV Freedom of Choice
Art.14 Freedom of choice
Ch.V Common Rules
Art.15 Scope of the law applicable
Art.16 Overriding mandatory provisions
Art.17 Rules of safety and conduct
Art.18 Direct action against the insurer of the person liable
Art.19 Subrogation
[OJ L199, 47]
Art.20 Multiple liability
Art.21 Formal validity
Art.22 Burden of proof
Ch.VI Other Provisions
Art.23 Habitual residence
Art.24 Exclusion of renvoi
Art.25 States with more than one legal system
Art.26 Public policy of the forum
Art.27 Relationship with other provisions of Community law
Art.28 Relationship with existing international conventions
[OJ L199, 48]
Ch.VII Final Provisions
Art.29 List of conventions
Art.30 Review clause
Art.31 Application in time
Art.32 Date of application
[OJ L199, 49]
Commission Statement on road accidents
Commission Statement on the treatment of foreign law
Appendix 2 Commission Proposal
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (‘Rome II’)
1.2 Complementarity with instruments of private international law already in force in the Community
1.3 Resumption of work in the 1990s under the Maastricht and Amsterdam Treaties
2 Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Regulation
2.1 General purpose — to improve the foreseeability of solutions regarding the applicable law
2.3 Justification for proposal in terms of proportionality and subsidiarity principles
3 Individual Provisions
Art.1 [8] — Material scope
Art.2 Universal application
Art.3 [11] — General rules
Paragraph 1 General rule
Paragraph 2 Law of the common place of residence
Paragraph 3 General exception and secondary connection
Art.4 Product liability
Art.5 Unfair competition
Art.6 [17] — Violations of privacy and rights relating to the personality
Art.7 [19] — Violation of the environment
Art.9 Law applicable to non-contractual obligations arising out of an act other than a tort or delict
Art.10 Freedom of choice
Art.11 Scope of the law applicable to non-contractual obligations
Art.12 Overriding mandatory rules
Art.13 Rules of safety and conduct
Art.14 Direct action
Art.15 Subrogation and multiple liability
Art.16 Formal validity
Art.17 Burden of proof
Art.18 [27] — Assimilation to the territory of a State
Art.19 Assimilation to habitual residence
Art.20 [28] — Exclusion of renvoi
Art.21 States with more than one legal system
Art.22 Public policy of the forum
Art.23 [29] — Relationship with other provisions of Community law
Art.24 Non-compensatory damages
Art.25 Relationship with existing international conventions
Art.26 List of conventions referred to in Article 25
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (’Rome II’)
Art.1 Material scope
Art.2 [34] — Universal application
Ch.II Uniform Rules
s.1 Rules applicable to non-contractual obligations arising out of a tort or delict
Art.3 General rule
Art.6 [35] — Violations of privacy and rights relating to the personality
Art.7 Violation of the environment
s.2 Rules applicable to non-contractual obligations arising out of an act other than a tort or delict
Art.9 Determination of the applicable law
s.3 Common rules applicable to non-contractual obligations arising out of a tort or delict and out of an act other than a tort or delict
Art.14 Direct action against the insurer of the person liable
Art.16 [38] — Formal validity
Ch.III Other Provisions
Art.18 Assimilation to the territory of a State
Art.20 Exclusion of renvoi
Art.23 Relationship with other provisions of Community law
Art.24 [40] — Non-compensatory damages
Ch.IV Final Provisions
Art.27 Entry into force and application in time
Appendix 3 Commission Amended Proposal
Appendix 4 Statement of Reasons Accompanying Council’s Common Position [Official Journal C289, 28.11.2006, P.0068-0083]
Common Position (EC) No 22/2006 adopted by the Council on 25 September 2006 with a view to adopting Regulation (EC) No …/… of the European Parliament and of the Council of … on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (ROME II) (2006/C 289 E/04)
[OJ C289E, 75]
Statement of the Council’s Reasons
II Analysis of the common Position
[OJ C289E, 77]
2 Parliament’s amendments
a) Amendments accepted in their entirety
b) Amendments accepted in substance
[OJ C289E, 78]
c) Amendments accepted in part
[OJ C289E, 79]
d) Amendments rejected
[OJ C289E, 80]
[OJ C289E, 81]
Annex Table of Correspondence
Appendix 5 Chronology
Appendix 6 Published Materials
Historical Background (The 1972 Draft Convention)
Art 4 (Torts/Delicts)
Art 5 (Product Liability)
Art 6 (Unfair Competition/Restrictions of Competition)
Art 7 (Environmental Damage)
Art 8 (Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights)
Art 9 (Industrial Action)
Chapter III (Unjust Enrichment, Negotiorum Gestio , and Culpa in Contrahendo )
Other Provisions and Topics
Appendix 7 Table of Recitals
Part IV Freedom of Choice and Common Rules, 14 Scope of the Law Applicable under the Regulation
From: The Rome II Regulation: The Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations
Private International Law [PRIL] — International Commercial Law [ICML]
From: Oxford Legal Research Library (http://olrl.ouplaw.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2015. All Rights Reserved.date: 27 May 2020
Scope of applicable law — Rome I Regulation and choice of law — Breach of contract — Exemption from liability — Limitation of liability — Construction of contract — Validity of contract — Calculation of damages — Scope of the law applicable under the Rome II Regulation — Applicable law to non-contractual obligations — Damages — Evidence — Burden of proof — Subrogation — Rome Convention — Applicable law — Non-contractual obligations — Jurisdiction under the Brussels I Regulation
14.01 The common rules in Chapter V of the Regulation are of three kinds. First, Arts 15 and 18–22 contain rules that positively define what has been described in Chapter 3 as the vertical material scope of the Regulation,1 by listing the matters governed by the law applicable to a non-contractual obligation determined in accordance with the rules in Chapters II to IV or otherwise as set out in the Regulation. Secondly, Art 16 (overriding mandatory provisions), alongside Art 26 in Chapter VI (public policy of the forum), defines the limits of the law applicable...