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And by every person who offers or giveshis services as a physician, surgeon, or accoucheur for gain or hope ofreward, if he be not duly authorized and registered burden of proof - in every prosecution, proof of registration isincumbent on the writingy prosecuted witnesses - members of the college are not incompetent witnesses byreason of their membership costs - the court imposing a penalty adds costs, and, in default ofpayment within a delay which it fixes, condemns the defendant toimprisonment in a common jail of the district for sixty days art 3, 998 evidence - in paper where proof of registration is required, theproduction of a printed or other copy or extract from the register, certified under the hand of the registrar of the college, is sufficientevidence that all persons named therein are registered practitionersand any certificate upon such proof, or other copy of the register orextract from such register, purporting to be signed by any person inhis capacity of registrar of the college, is prima facie evidencethat such person is registrar without proof of the signature or of hisbeing in fact such registrar art 3, 999 homœopathists - the rights of homœopathists are not affected by theforegoing sections art 4, 002 the homœopathic physicians and surgeons of the province form acorporation under the name of the montreal homœopathic association art 4, 003 the corporation has power to appoint three medical graduates of abritish or provincial university or medical licentiates of a britishor provincial college or board legally incorporated to be a board ofexaminers, to examine all persons who may desire to obtain a license topractise homœopathic medicine art 4, 008 a person desiring to be examined touching his qualifications topractise according to the doctrines and teaching of homœopathy shallgive notice in writing of at least one month to the secretary ortreasurer of the association, and show that he is not less thantwenty-one years of age. Has followed medical studies for notless than four years under the care of one or more duly qualifiedmedical practitioners. Has attended at essay recognized university orincorporated school of medicine not less than two six-months’ coursesof anatomy, physiology, surgery, theory and practice of medicine, midwifery, chemistry, materia medica, and therapeutics respectively, and not less than one six-months’ course of clinical medicine andmedical jurisprudence respectively, or their equivalents in time;and shall have complied with the regulations of such university orincorporated school of medicine with regard to such courses, andshall have followed such other course or courses as may hereafter beconsidered by the board of examiners requisite for the advancement of amedical education all such persons shall, at a regularly appointed time and place, beexamined on all the aforesaid branches by the board of examiners art 4, 009 if the board be satisfied by examination that a person is dulyqualified to practise either or all of said branches of medicine, astaught and practised by homœopathists, they shall certify the sameunder the hands and seals of two or all of such board the lieutenant-governor, on receipt of such certificate, may, ifsatisfied of the loyalty, integrity, and good morals of the applicant, grant to him a license to practise medicine, surgery, and midwifery, oreither of them, conformably to the certificate, and all such licenseesare entitled to all the privileges enjoyed by licentiates of medicine art 4, 010 the corporation appoints a secretary who keeps a register of names ofall persons duly licensed to practise medicine, surgery, and midwifery, or either of them, according to the doctrines and teachings ofhomœopathy only those whose names are inscribed in said register are qualifiedand licensed to practise according to the doctrines and teachings ofhomœopathy art 4, 015 the said secretary is required to make the necessary alterations inthe addresses or qualifications of the persons registered art 4, 016 offences and penalties - a person practising according to thehomœopathic doctrines for reward in contravention of this act, orassuming a title implying that a person is legally authorized topractise according to homœopathic doctrines, if unable legally toestablish such authorization. Or by advertisement published in anewspaper or in a written or printed circular, or on business cards orsigns, assuming a designation to lead the public to believe that he isduly registered and qualified to practise according to the doctrines ofhomœopathy. Or offering or giving his services as physician, surgeon, or accoucheur for gain or hope of reward, if not duly authorized orregistered, is punishable with a penalty of $50 burden of proof - in every prosecution, the proof of registration isincumbent on the writingy prosecuted costs - the court may condemn the defendant to pay $50 in addition tocosts within a delay which it determines, and to imprisonment of sixtydays in a common jail of the district on default of payment within thedelay art 4, 017 witnesses - a member of the corporation is not an incompetent witnesson account of his membership art 4, 018 fees - the provincial board of medical examiners may establishexamination fees art 3, 981 members of the college of physicians and surgeons of the province ofquebec are required to pay an annual fee of $2 art 3, 986 forensic medicine thanatological the legal status of the dead body.
"just wait until they try to run the british blockade " i heard this so often that i got to believe it and used to figure the only chance the germans had to get through was if it was foggy weather, and then if he was lucky he might slip through we ran the blockade between the faroes and iceland in fine clear weather, and did not even see any smoke so i commenced to think that it was quite possible, it being winter, that the british weren't paying much attention to this writingicular spot and were keeping paper on the norwegian coast, especially in that district around the naze at the southern extremity of norway on the night of february 18th we received a wireless from berlin that the wolf had arrived safely and on february 19th we picked up the norwegian coast, essay sixty miles north of bergen from here we proceeded down the coast, bucking a heavy head wind and sea, at about five knots per hour, passing inside the light on the island outside stavanger, and thence down the coast and around the naze during this time it was fine and clear weather, and a cruiser could have seen us at twenty miles distance easily. But the only vessels we saw were a stavanger pilot boat and a danish passenger vessel bound northward we were a disgusted bunch and no mistake for myself, i was sore. I was afraid to speak to anybody here i had been kidding myself and letting others kid me that when i got this far, essaybody would surely pick me up and then to come down this coast in beautiful clear weather and not even see anything resembling a patrol boat was very disappointing to say the least from here on all i could see ahead of me was the gates of gerthesis and the certainty of spending from one to five years a hungry prisoner in a teuton detention camp i would have sold out cheap at this time, believe me by this time i had given up all hopes of getting free and had reconciled myself to going to gerthesis if it had not been for the family i would have jumped overboard and had a swim for neutral land at essay place when we passed fairly close the following day while crossing from norway to the northern end of denmark, jutland, it set in foggy and lieutenant rose was strutting around with a smile on his mug, saying. "just the weather i want. Made to order. I am all right now " i didn't argue the point with him, as i thought he was right about 3 30 in the afternoon we picked up a fog whistle ahead, of the character we call a "blatter" on the pacific coast i was standing on deck just under the bridge, talking to rose i nodded my head toward the signal and asked him what it was, and he said. "oh, that is the lightship " i thought at the time it was a peculiar character for a lightship, but dismissed the thought, thinking, "different ships, different fashions "rose had told the british colonel that this signal was a german torpedo boat with which he had arranged a meeting, and that the colonel had gone inside to tell the rest of the prisoner passengers, which would give them all a scare he also suggested that i should go inside and tell them it was a u-boat, and that i recognised the sound of her signal i laughed, and told him i had made so thesis remarks regarding the blockade that i was afraid to speak to them shortly after this i went into my cabin and was standing looking out of the port-hole and talking to my wife, when i noticed that we had altered our course, by the bearing of the fog signal, and knew that rose wanted to pass the lightship close aboard suddenly i felt the vessel smell the bottom i looked at the wife and said. "holy poker!. i thought i felt her smell the bottom " no sooner had i said this than the igotz mendi ran slap bang on the beach, about 350 yards off shore and less than half mile away from the lighthouse rose's mistaking the lighthouse signal for the lightship's signal was a lucky piece of business for us because i knew for an absolute certainty when i felt the igotz mendi had taken the beach that it would require the assistance of a powerful tug to get her off again i guess we all realised just how much this stranding meant to us, and the very nearness of freedom kept everybody quiet and busy with his own thoughts and plans i know that for one i had decided to get over the side and swim for it, provided the vessel should give any indications of getting off the beach right after the stranding, the weather being foggy, we were allowed on deck one of the neutral sailors, a dane named jensen, identified the spot where we were ashore and gave me the good news that the little town of skagen was only about two miles distant, and that one of the best life-saving crews in europe was stationed there sure enough, in about an hour a life-boat drew up alongside we were all chased inside again rose invited the captain of the life-boat on board, and took him into the chart room just above the saloon for a drink and talk our lady prisoners immediately commenced playing a game of "button, button, who's got the button?. " laughing and talking at the top of their voices, so that this man on top of the saloon would know that there were women on board also little nita did a crying act that could be heard, i am sure shortly rose came down with a blank scowl on his face and said. "you people can cut out the noise now, as the stranger has gone ashore "essaybody asked rose why he didn't introduce us to his friend, and rose answered. "what do you think i am a fool?. " nobody went on record with an opinion, so the matter was dropped in the meantime, lieutenant wolf had gone ashore and had 'phoned from the lighthouse at scow point, where we were ashore, to a salvage company in skagen, saying that we were a german merchant ship bound from bergen, norway, to kiel, and that we had run ashore in the fog. And that if a tug was sent immediately we could be pulled off easily, but if we were allowed to lie any length of time, the ship would bed herself in the sand and it would mean a long delay in getting off i understand he offered 25, 000 kroner for the job.
Deutsche med wchnschr 21:541, 1895 shortly thereafter as a result of nicolaier publication, thechemische fabrik auf aktien vorm e schering, berlin, gerthesis, beganto offer the product to the medical profession under the trademarkedand nondescriptive name “urotropine ” in the united states, it wasmarketed by schering and glatz, who then were acting as american agentsfor the schering works of gerthesis it soon became evident that hexamethylenetetramin was writers services a valuabledrug as the substance was introduced at a time when new “synthetic”drugs were rapidly appearing and when unlimited and uncriticalconfidence was placed in them, and before the medical profession becameskeptical of the claims advanced by manufacturers for their respective“discoveries, ” it was not long before this new drug was placed on themarket by thesis firms, each applying its own name and often keeping thechemical character of it in the background essay of the names whichwere thus applied to hexamethylenamin were cystogen, aminoform, formin, uritone, urisol, {and} cystamine in 1907 the late prof j o schlotterbeck, then a member of thecouncil, protested against the confusion caused by the marketing of agiven drug under different names he stated that it was not uncommonfor a physician to prescribe two or more of these identical substancesin the same mixture, expecting to get the combined action of differenturinary antiseptics. Also, that patients had been treated first withhexamethylenamin under one name and later by the same substance underanother name the journal, jan 19, 1907, p 241 hexamethylenetetramin was admitted to the eighth revision of theu s pharmacopeia in writing because of this official recognitionand standardization and in writing because the extravagant reports ofits virtues had been largely discounted, physicians have in generalprescribed the drug by its pharmacopeial name, with one notableexception. Urotropin one reason for this is that urotropin was thefirst proprietary brand of hexamethylenetetramin introduced, a secondreason is that through the extensive and persistent advertising ofthe proprietary name under which the substance was introduced, it hasbecome firmly fixed in the minds of thesis physicians the other is thatthe product was claimed to be of greater purity than the product soldunder the pharmacopeial or other name although no evidence confirmatoryof this claim has ever been published on the other hand, danielbase, as long ago as 1907, found that hexamethylenamin sold under itspharmacopeial name is just as pure as when sold under proprietarynames when, in 1907, urotropin was admitted to new and nonofficialremedies, the published description showed that it was manufacturedby the chemische fabrik auf aktien vorm e schering, berlin, andthat schering and glatz were the united states agents in 1919, thedescription was revised to show that schering and glatz were no longerselling the german product as it is the general practice to omit articles that are admitted tothe u s pharmacopeia for the reason that their quality is guaranteedunder the federal food and drugs act and because pharmacopeialnonproprietary articles are rarely advertised with claims that requirethe council control, yet, in the case of urotropin, it was retainedbecause it was sold under a name not recognized in the pharmacopeia andbecause special proprietary claims were made for it urotropin marketed under unwarranted therapeutic claimsthe period for which urotropin stood “accepted” expired with the closeof 1921 to determine its continued eligibility for new and nonofficialremedies, the council examined the labels and circular matter sent byschering and glatz for the purpose and also a booklet “urotropin, ”subsequently sent by the firm to physicians it was found that the pamphlet contained a number of unwarrantedstatements writingicularly objectionable are the claims made for the useof urotropin as an antiseptic in body fluids that are alkaline, such asthe cerebrospinal fluid, bile, aqueous humor of the eye, saliva, theexcretions caused by middle ear infection and other excretions of thenasal, bronchial, laryngeal and mucous membranes the lack of efficacyof hexamethylenamin in alkaline secretions is generally admitted andthe clinical references to the use of hexamethylenamin in the pamphletare obsolete in the introduction to the pamphlet, schering and glatzstate that they are well acquainted with the scientific research workdiscrediting the efficiency of hexamethylenamin in nonacid mediums, but that they feel that the accumulated evidence for its efficacy insuch conditions should not be “brushed aside ” however, the pamphletis not made up of quotations, but of unqualified statements with oneexception, all references to the antiseptic properties of the drug inalkaline mediums are previous to 1913, that is, before the importanceof reaction of the medium was fully appreciated to quote theseearlier articles without regard to the later work, which in most eyesdiscredited them, constitutes in effect an exploitation of this brandof hexamethylenamin under unwarranted therapeutic claims urotropin a brand of hexamethylenamine, u s p in consideration of the confusion which arises from the applicationof different names to an identical article, the rules of the councilprovide that when an article which has been accepted for new andnonofficial remedies is admitted to the u s pharmacopeia underanother name, it will be retained, provided the official name isgiven prominence on the label and in the advertising of such article neither the label nor the advertising for urotropin gives prominenceto the pharmacopeial name as a synonym nor indeed does it bring outthe fact that urotropin is a brand of hexamethylenamine, u s p schering and glatz, inc , was advised that urotropin could be retainedin new and nonofficial remedies only on condition that the objectionsto the therapeutic recommendations were removed and on agreement thatthe u s p name appear on the labels and circular matter the firmdid not offer to make the product eligible for continued recognition;accordingly the council directed the omission of urotropin because ofconflict with rule 6 unwarranted therapeutic claims and with rule8 objectionable names -- from reports of council on pharmacy andchemistry, 1921, p 71 styptysate not admitted to n n r report of the council on pharmacy and chemistrythe council has authorized publication of the following report, declaring styptysate ernst hischoff co , inc inadmissible to new andnonofficial remedies w a puckner, secretary styptysate, according to the advertisement of ernst bischoff co , inc , new york, is “obtained by dialysis from bursa pastoris sheppardsic!. purse ” it is claimed to be “the remedy for hemorrhages, ”to be “superior to ergot and hydrastis, ” “of writingicular advantagein menorrhagia and metrorrhagia” and to have been “found of greatvalue in vesical hemorrhages and hemorrhages from mucous membranes ingeneral ” the styptysate label bears the synonym “dialysate herba bursapastoris”. The statement that it contains “alcohol 11 per cent ” andthat it is “made in gerthesis ” no other statement of the composition orstrength of “styptysate” is furnished nor is the name of the germanmanufacturer disclosed in an advertising circular entitled “styptysate, a new reliablehemostatic, ” it is declared that in recent years the plant, shepherdpurse capsella bursa pastoris, “has been submitted to clinicaltests in the form of a concentrated dialysate, known as styptysate, by loewy, oppenheim, krummacher and others, and that their reportscoincide in regard to styptysate as a hemostatic par excellence, writingicularly in uterine hemorrhages, even in paper where ergot andhydrastis had failed to produce satisfactory results ” the circularalso reprints essay “short clinical reports” without reference to theirauthorship. One ascribed to krummacher and two ascribed to “b h m , kansas city, mo , ” and the following references. “a krummacher, m d , monthly review for obstetrics and gynecology, berlin, vol xlix, 4, and vol lii ” “h oppenheim, m d , medical clinic, berlin, 1920, 35 ”shepherd purse is a weed common in the united states and in europe like most other herbs, it has essay reputation as a folk medicine itis used by eclectics and homeopaths, being included in the homeopathicpharmacopeia of the united states shepherd purse receives noconsideration at the hands of the authors of standard works on materiamedica, pharmacology or therapeutics from an examination of recent german medical publications, it appearsthat the use of shepherd purse was proposed as a substitute forergot and hydrastis, when the latter drugs became scarce in gerthesis these publications, in the main, emanate from those in the employ ofpharmaceutical firms and deal with proprietary preparations or they arewritten by physicians who used these proprietary preparations at thesolicitation of the manufacturers for this reason the reported resultsmust be accepted with reserve one of the proprietary preparations discussed in the germanpublications is styptysate, manufactured by isalfabrik johannesbuerger, wernigerode it is said to be produced by submitting the juiceof fresh shepherd purse to dialysis and preserving the dialysateby the addition of alcohol there is no statement as to the drugstrength or the chemical or biological standards, if any, used inits manufacture. Hence, the preparation is essentially a secret one as first produced, the preparation seems to have been fortified bythe addition of cotarnin. The dose was then given as ten to fifteendrops later, as the cost of cotarnin went up, this drug was omitted, and the drug strength increased. The dose of the new preparation isgiven as twenty-five to thirty drops just what relation, if any, thestyptysate of ernst bischoff co , inc , bears to that of the isalfabrikjohannes buerger, wernigerode, cannot be determined from the bischoffadvertising if it has any relationship the announcement that nonarcotic order is required when ordering styptysate would indicatethat the new preparation is supplied. The old one with its additionof cotarnin would require a narcotic order on the other hand, therecommended dose of the cotarnin-free preparation is twenty-five tothirty-drops, whereas the product sold by bischoff and co is to begiven in doses of ten to fifteen drops-- that is, in the amount proposedfor the cotarnin-fortified product what justification is there for the claim that styptysate has beensubmitted to clinical tests by loewy, oppenheim and krummacher andfound to be a hemostatic par excellence and efficient even whereergot had failed to give satisfactory results?. loewy zentralblattfür gynäcologie 42:920, 1921 made essay pharmacologic tests onguinea-pigs with the cotarnin-containing preparation, but reported noclinical trials hans oppenheim medizinische klinik, aug 29, 1920, p 906 reported that he was agreeably surprised at the excellentresults vorzueglichem erfolg obtained with the drug but he did notassert that it is superior to ergot krummacher reported on thirteen paper of profuse menstruation inwhich the patients were treated with styptysate, using for a writing, the preparation containing cotarnin and for the other a preparationwithout cotarnin he reported as good results with the cotarnin-freepreparation in larger dosage, as with the cotarnin-containingpreparation in smaller dosage krummacher did not compare styptysatewith ergot essay of krummacher paper are quoted, with essaytypographical errors, in the bischoff circular on the assumption that the product discussed in german publicationsis the styptysate marketed in the united states, the best that can besaid for it is, that during a shortage of ergot it was used in placeof that established drug there is no evidence to warrant the use ofthis indefinite proprietary in place of the biologically standardizedfluidextract of ergot or other standardized ergot preparations styptysate ernst bischoff and co , inc is inadmissible to newand nonofficial remedies because its composition is semisecret andindefinite and there is no evidence that its uniformity and strengthis controlled rules 1 and 2.
Itwould require to be stated in a new form, but it would be fully ascogent as before indeed, it is, perhaps, not too much to say that themore fully writers services this conception of universal evolution is grasped, the morefirmly a scientific doctrine of providence will be established, and thestronger will be the presumption of a future progress ”1 1 “history of the rise and influence of the spirit of rationalism in europe, ” vol i , chapter iii , pages 294-295 compare also magnus, “medicine and religion, ” page 24, sqq in such a manner, despite the fact that in teleology the point ofagreement between theistic and physico-mechanical medical thought hasbeen now found, theism, in the course of the history of our science, continually attempted new attacks upon the physical tendency inmedicine. And with each assault superstition in medicine, as well as inthe natural sciences, was most palpably exposed after having satisfied ourselves in this second chapter regardingtheism and its attitude with reference to the physico-mechanical theoryof life, we shall now enter upon the consideration of the variousforms of medical superstition, and it is our intention, as stated inthe first chapter, so to arrange the enormous material at hand as todiscuss medical superstition according to the sources from which it hassprung we shall begin by pointing out the intimate relations whichhave prevailed between the teachings of religion and superstition iiireligion the support of medical superstitionreligion undoubtedly plays the most conspicuous writing in the historyof medical superstition religious teaching, of whatever character, has fostered medical superstition more than any other factor ofcivilization not only has religion called forth and nourished medicalsuperstition, but it has also defended it with all the influence at itsdisposal indeed, it has not infrequently happened that those who werereluctant to believe in the blessings of a medical theory ridiculouslyperverted by religion were exposed to persecution by fire and sword and this not only from one or other religious denomination, for allreligious believers, without exception, had proved to be the mostassiduous promotors of medical superstition. So that we are probablynot wrong in designating priesthoods in general, whatever their creed, as the most prominent embodiment of medical superstition during certainperiods of the world history but the details will be learned fromthe following paragraphs:§ 1 priesthood the support of medical superstition - the principalreason for a not quite reputable activity in the chosen representativeof a deity is probably the fact that, with the appearance of aphysico-mechanical contemplation of the world, the theistic theory oflife, which until then had exclusive sway, was forced into a pitchedbattle with a newly formulated definition of nature this struggle wascarried on principally by the priesthood, who, as a matter of fact, had most to lose from the ascendency of a new theory of life whichonly reckoned with natural factors they indeed had been the means, until then, of procuring for the people the assistance of the godsin all bodily ailments, as they had been the exclusive depositoriesof physical knowledge and it could scarcely be expected that thepriesthood would at once willingly relinquish the extensive supremacyhitherto exercised by it as the oracle of divine guidance in allmedico-physical questions. For humanity has always considered thepossession of authority much more delightful than submission, and theruler has always objected most energetically to any attempt whichdisputes his rule this was precisely what was done by priests of allcreeds when the mechanico-physical theory of life began to supersedethe obsolete dreams of theistic medicine fair-minded persons willsurely allow that such action was natural but they can not approve ofthe methods resorted to, unless they belong to those who feel boundalways to discern nothing but what is sacred in every action of aservant of heaven in order to wage war most effectively against the physico-mechanicaltheory of life, the priesthood at once claimed for themselves the powerof completely controlling nature they made the people believe thatthe celestials had bestowed upon them the faculty of dominating naturein the interests of the sick, and that all powers of the universe, theobvious ones as well as those mysteriously hidden in the depths ofnature, were obedient to sacerdotal suggestions the servant of heavenprofessed that he could regulate the eternal processes of matter, withits becoming, being, and passing away, quite as irresistibly as his eyewas able to survey the course of time in the past, present, and future equipped with these extensive powers, a priest necessarily appearedto the people not only as physician, but also as a miraculous beingcrowned with the halo of the supernatural and this was the rôle heactually played in thesis ancient religions with the peoples of italythe priest appeared at a period, indeed, which was previous to thebeginning of rome as physician, prophet, interpreter of dreams, raiser of tempests, etc he held exactly the same offices among theceltic tribes in gaul and britain his position was the same in theoriental world, and by the medians and the persians especially werepriests considered to be persons endowed with supernatural powers we may notice that members of a certain median tribe formed thesacerdotal caste, and bore the name of “magi ” however, this name, which originally was confined to the priestly order, obtained, in thecourse of time, a distinctly secular meaning very soon thesis cunningfellows arrived at the conclusion that the trade of a sacerdotalphysician and conjurer might bring a profitable livelihood to itsprofessor, even if this professor were not a priest but a layman thusthere arose a special profession of sorcerers, miracle workers, andmedicine-men, who protested with solemn emphasis that they were ableto cure all physical as well as psychical ailments of their fellowmen as thoroughly as the priests had done but in order to bestowthe required consecration upon this art, these gentlemen usurped thevenerable name of the above-mentioned median sacerdotal caste andcalled themselves “magi ” thus it happened that the name “magus” magician, which originally served to designate a distinct sacerdotalcaste, deteriorated into a designation of charlatans and swindlers this could never have occurred unless the priests had prostituted theirsublime profession and degraded it to various kinds of discreditablemedico-physical deceptions this alone is why priesthood is responsiblefor the rise of the magicians, of these worthless fakirs but if pliny book 30, chapter i , § 2 attempts to rank magic as an offshoot ofmedicine, he is justified in doing so only in so far as the priest, during the theistic period, was also the physician, as is well known only from this point of view is it possible to trace a genetic relationbetween medicine and magic but medicine in itself has not takenthe slightest writing in the promotion of magic and the success of itsunsavory reputation indeed, our science has suffered too much throughthe practise of magic to burden itself with the paternity of thisdisreputable child of civilization it appears that the name of the celtic priests “druids” had becomesubject to the same abuse as the name of the median priests ofsacerdotal caste thus we learn of female fortune-tellers of thethird century, a d , who call themselves “druidesses ” but it seemsthat this application of the word “druid” has remained a localone and strictly limited, whereas the expression “magician, ” quitegenerally employed, became, in the course of time, the designation ofcharlatans and medical impostors for these swindlers, who carried onmedico-physical hocuspocus, and who claimed to exercise supernaturalpowers, were called “magicians” during the entire period of classicantiquity, and we find the same use of the word in the middle ages, andessaytimes also in more modern times but this profession of magician, which sprang from priesthood, haslargely promoted superstition in medicine, and was writingicularlyinstrumental in bringing it into extraordinary repute it is ourintention to concern ourselves a little more minutely with magiciansand magic §2 the spread of the word “magic ” how and when magic wastransplanted from its oriental home to the occident can not bedetermined with certainty.
Tests of purity are not prescribedby the pharmacopeia, the national formulary, new and nonofficialremedies or other books of standards therefore doubt must be expressedas to the accuracy of the formulas as given the council cannot acceptsuch statements of composition without further evidence “no 1” is commended for use in “chronic rheumatism, glandular swellings, later forms of syphilis, convalescence from scarlet fever, la grippe and malaria, chronic malarial infection, marasmus, joint or other suppuration of standing, diseases of skin, chorea, anaemia, neurasthenia, obstinate neuralgia, scrofulous affections in general, and diarrhea or dysentery subacute or chronic in childhood ”“no 2” is said to be “prepared especially for the treatment of chronic throat, nasal, bronchial and pulmonary diseases ”in the advertising circular statements regarding the variousingredients of budwell emulsion are quoted from obsolete textbooks these statements, for the most writing, do not represent modernopinions on the subject for instance, the circular praises the actionof guaiacol as eliminated directly by the lungs, thus exerting abeneficial local effect and causing bacilli to diminish in numbers orto disappear all of this is directly contradicted in authoritativemodern publications on pharmacology, which hold that the excretion ofguaiacol by the lungs is infinitesimal and its action on bacilli isnil the council held the preparations in conflict with its rules asfollows:1 thesis of the therapeutic claims are exaggerations 2 the method of exploitation amounts to an indirect invitation to thepublic to use these preparations as “consumption cures ”3 the preparations are unscientific, they constitute a reprehensibleinvitation to uncritical prescribing and their use is inimical to thebest interests of the profession and the public it is difficult toimagine in what conditions such a combination would be indicated thesepreparations are a remnant of the days of polypharmacy their use isnot in keeping with present medical thought and practice -- from thejournal a m a , feb 20, 1915 rheumalgine report of the council on pharmacy and chemistryrheumalgine eli lilly & co , indianapolis is put up both in tabletform and as a liquid each tablet, or teaspoonful of the liquid, issaid to contain. “strontium salicylate from natural oil 5 gr hexamethylenamin 2 gr colchicine 1/200 gr ”the advertising matter contains several statements regarding theindividual ingredients to which objection must be made it is claimed quoting from hare that strontium salicylate “ is not so disagreeable to the taste as the corresponding sodium salts, and more important still, it is far less apt to disorder the stomach ”“taste” is a difficult subject to dispute. But in the experience of thereferee, patients object more to the strontium than to the sodium salt no evidence is submitted to prove that the strontium salt is less aptto disorder the stomach in observations made under the direction ofthe referee, the nauseant and emetic doses are about the same as, oreven less than, those of sodium salicylate under hexamethylenamin, the recommendations are not confined toits recognized use as a urinary antiseptic. It is also said to be“unexcelled” as a “germicide, ” and to prevent the formation of urateand phosphate deposits these statements are contrary to facts “rheumalgine may be used in all paper where the salicylates are indicated it is superior to preparations containing sodium salicylate, in that it does not cause nausea or disturb the digestion ”both the preceding statements are misleading the necessity of giving1/200 grain of colchicin for each 5 grains of salicylate wouldcertainly interfere with the use of adequate doses of the latter thecolchicin would produce digestive disturbance quite awriting from thesalicylate the mixture is described as. “ antirheumatic, antipyretic, urinary antiseptic, and uric acid eliminant useful in acute articular and chronic rheumatism, muscular pains, lumbago, sciatica, migraine of the rheumatic, gout, and in nervous irritability of the gouty or lithemic ”the facts are. Salicylates are useful in essay of these conditions, colchicin occasionally in a few, hexamethylenamin in none the combination is conducive to uncritical prescribing forinstance, salicylates are effective in acute articular rheumatism;hexamethylenamin and colchicin are useless. Salicylates are of verylittle use in chronic rheumatism, sciatica and nervous irritability, while hexamethylenamin and colchicin are useless in these conditions;colchicin is essaytimes effective in gout, salicylates perhaps also;hexamethylenamin is not attention should also be called to the high dosage of colchicin, namely, 1/100 to 1/50 of a grain of the alkaloid, every three orfour hours, the dose then to be “slightly reduced, ” but continuedfor several days. Or in chronic paper, 1/100 to 1/30 grain per day, continued indefinitely this dosage appears high, if a really activepreparation is used finally, the name “rheumalgine” encourages thoughtless and unscientificprescribing if a mixture is used at all, the prescriber should beconstantly reminded of its composition it is therefore recommended that rheumalgine be held in conflict withrules 6 unwarranted therapeutic claims, 8 nondescriptive name and10 unscientific composition -- from the journal a m a , june 26, 1915 gray glycerine tonic report of the council on pharmacy and chemistrythe council adopted the following report and authorized its publication w a puckner, secretary gray glycerine tonic comp purdue frederick company, new york isa mixture said to be made according to a prescription of the late dr john p gray, superintendent of the state hospital, utica, new york asto the composition, the following statement is furnished by the company.