Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/KR101716743B1/en
Timestamp: 2020-02-21 07:28:25
Document Index: 516874894

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 13', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 12', 'Application No. 12', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 12', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13', 'Application No. 13']

KR101716743B1 - Mobile apparatus supporting a plurality of access control clients, and corresponding methods - Google Patents
Mobile apparatus supporting a plurality of access control clients, and corresponding methods Download PDF
KR101716743B1
KR101716743B1 KR1020167011363A KR20167011363A KR101716743B1 KR 101716743 B1 KR101716743 B1 KR 101716743B1 KR 1020167011363 A KR1020167011363 A KR 1020167011363A KR 20167011363 A KR20167011363 A KR 20167011363A KR 101716743 B1 KR101716743 B1 KR 101716743B1
KR1020167011363A
KR20160052803A (en
데이비드 해거티
제롤드 호크
벤 주앙
아룬 마티아스
케빈 맥로플린
아비나쉬 나라시만
크리스 샤프
유서프 바이드
시앙잉 양
2013-02-14 Application filed by 애플 인크. filed Critical 애플 인크.
2016-05-12 Publication of KR20160052803A publication Critical patent/KR20160052803A/en
2017-03-15 Publication of KR101716743B1 publication Critical patent/KR101716743B1/en
Methods and apparatus for large scale distribution of electronic access control clients, in one aspect, a layered security software protocol is disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, the server electronic Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC) and the client eUICC software include a so-called "stack" of software layers. Each software layer is responsible for a set of hierarchical functions that negotiate with its corresponding peer software layers. Tiered security software protocols are configured for large-scale deployment of electronic Subscriber Identity Modules (eSIMs).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a mobile device supporting a plurality of access control clients,
This application also claims priority from U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 767,593, titled " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR LARGE SCALE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONIC ACCESS CLIENTS " filed February 14, 2013, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 598,819 entitled " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR LARGE SCALE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONIC ACCESS CLIENTS " filed February 14, 2012, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety Which is incorporated herein by reference.
This application claims priority from U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 457,333 entitled "ELECTRONIC ACCESS CLIENT DISTRIBUTION APPARATUS AND METHODS", filed April 26, 2012, U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 464,677 entitled " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES FOR ACCESS CONTROL CLIENTS ", filed April 27, 2011, entitled " APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR DISTRIBUTING AND STORING ELECTRONIC ACCESS US Patent Application No. 13 / 095,716, entitled " CLIENTS ", filed April 5, 2011, entitled " APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONIC ACCESS CLIENTS " U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 952,082 entitled " WIRELESS NETWORK AUTHENTICATION APPARATUS AND METHODS ", entitled " APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR PROVISIONING, " filed November 22, 2010, U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 952,089 entitled SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY DATA IN A WIRELESS NETWORK, filed on July 14, 2011, U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 183,023 entitled "VIRTUAL SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM" U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 353,227, entitled "POSTPONED CARRIER CONFIGURATION," filed on Jan. 13, 2011, entitled "APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR STORING ELECTRONIC ACCESS CLIENTS," filed April 25, U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 093,722, entitled " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ACCESS CONTROL CLIENT ASSISTED ROAMING, " filed on May 17, 2011, U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 079,614 entitled " MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR MULTIPLE ACCESS CONTROL ENTITIES, " filed on May 19, 2011, entitled " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR DELIVERING ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION COMPONENTS OVERE WIRELESS NE U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 111,801, entitled "TWORK", U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 080,521 entitled "METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR STORAGE AND EXECUTION OF ACCESS CONTROL CLIENTS," filed April 5, 2011, U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 078,811 entitled " ACCESS DATA PROVISIONING APPARATUS AND METHODS " filed Apr. 1, entitled METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ACCESS DATA RECOVERY, filed November 2, U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 287,874, entitled "FROM A MALFUNCTIONING DEVICE", U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 080,533 entitled "SIMULACRUM OF PHYSICAL SECURITY DEVICE AND METHODS" filed April 5, 2011, No. 13 / 294,631 entitled &quot; APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR RECORDING OF DEVICE HISTORY ACROSS MULTIPLE SOFTWARE EMULATION, &quot; filed Nov. 11, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, &Lt; / RTI &gt;
The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communications and data networks. More particularly, the present invention relates, among other things, to methods and apparatus for large scale distribution of electronic access control clients.
Most prior art wireless radio communication systems require access control for secure communication. In one example, one simple access control scheme may include (i) verifying the identity of the communicating party, and (ii) granting an access level corresponding to the verified identity. Within the context of an exemplary cellular system (e.g., a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)), access control is referred to as a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) that runs on a physical Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) And is managed by an access control client. The USIM access control client authenticates the subscriber to the UMTS cellular network. After successful authentication, the subscriber is allowed access to the cellular network. As used below, the term "access control client" generally refers to a logical entity implemented in hardware or software, suitable for controlling access of a first device to a network. Common examples of access control clients include the USIM, the CDMA Subscriber Identification Module (CSIM), the IP Multimedia Services Identity Module (ISIM), the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), the Removable User Identity Module (RUIM)
Conventional SIM card based approaches suffer from a number of failures. For example, traditional UICCs support only a single USIM (or more generally "SIM") access control client. If the user wants to authenticate to the cellular network using a different SIM, the user must physically exchange the SIM card in the device with a different SIM card. Some devices are designed to accommodate two SIM cards at the same time (dual-SIM phones); Such dual-SIM phones do not address the fundamental physical limitations of SIM card devices. For example, information stored in one SIM card can not be easily integrated with information stored in another SIM card. Conventional dual-SIM devices can not simultaneously access the contents of both SIM cards.
Moreover, accessing the SIM card requires a significant amount of time for the user; It is not desirable to switch SIM cards to transfer information, and it exists in both traditional and dual-SIM devices.
In addition, existing SIM card issuers and activation entities are typically network specific and are not ubiquitous to different users of different networks. Specifically, a given user in a given network must acquire replacement SIM cards from very specific entities that are authorized to activate their phones and issue SIM cards. This can greatly limit the user's ability to quickly obtain valid access privileges in the case of roaming across other networks, replacing his phone, and so on.
More recently, electronic SIMs (so-called eSIMs) have been developed, for example, by the assignee of the present application. These electronic SIMs provide enhanced flexibility in terms of changeout with other eSIMs, migration to other devices, and the like. However, the existing network infrastructure for distributing and activating SIMs has not been able to follow this development.
Accordingly, new solutions and infrastructures are needed to exploit the enhanced flexibility provided by electronic access clients (eSIMs, for example) and to support its secure, ubiquitous deployment.
This disclosure particularly provides for large scale deployment of electronic access control clients.
First, a method for large scale deployment of electronic access control clients is disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, the method comprises establishing ownership of one or more electronic access control clients; Determining that one or more electronic access control clients have not been previously replicated; Encrypting one or more electronic access control clients to transfer to a second device; And exchanging the encrypted one or more electronic access control clients.
Devices for large scale distribution of electronic access control clients are also disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a processor; And establishing ownership of one or more electronic access control clients when executed by the processor; Determine if one or more electronic access control clients have not been previously replicated; Encrypt one or more electronic access control clients to transfer to a second device; And non-transitory computer readable media comprising instructions for exchanging encrypted one or more electronic access control clients.
A mobile device for handling an electronic access control client is also disclosed. In one embodiment, the device comprises a wireless interface configured to communicate with a wireless network; A processor for communicating data with the interface; And a security element in data communication with the interface. In one variation, the security element comprises a security processor; A secure repository for data communication with a secure processor and storing at least a plurality of access control clients useful for authentication with the network; And logic for communicating data with the secure processor, the logic being configured to store, access and transport a plurality of access control clients to or from the device; And to enable the user interface logic to communicate with at least the security element and allow a user of the device to select one of a plurality of stored access control clients and to authenticate the device to the network to enable communication with the network.
In addition, a computer readable apparatus is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a storage medium on which is arranged a computer program configured to distribute electronic access control clients when executed.
In addition, a network architecture for providing electronic access clients to wireless mobile devices is disclosed. In one embodiment, the architecture includes a plurality of brokers and a plurality of manufacturers communicating data with the plurality of brokers. In one variation, a given user mobile device may be served by multiple brokers of the brokers; Any of the brokers may order electronic access clients to one or more of the manufacturers.
An apparatus for providing electronic access clients to one or more mobile devices is also disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises at least one processor; And a first logic-first logic in data communication with the at least one processor configured to allow the device to perform encryption and decryption of the access client; A second logic-second logic in data communication with the at least one processor, the device being configured to ensure that the access client is not replicated; And third logic-third logic in data communication with the at least one processor, wherein the device is configured to establish at least one of a user's credit, ownership, and / or verification of the access client.
An electronic access control client revocation procedure is also disclosed. In one embodiment, the procedure comprises the steps of determining whether the signed certificate authority issuing the certificate has been compromised, the certificate associated with one or more devices storing the certificate; Determining at the one or more devices an authentication service request generated when an initial request for a certificate is generated; Requesting a new certificate using the determined authentication service request; And issuing a new certificate based on the request. In one variation, one or more devices may use the previously used private key as part of the request, and the new certificate is issued including the previous public key corresponding to the previous private key.
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other features and advantages with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description of the exemplary embodiments given below.
Figure 1 is a logical block diagram of an exemplary electronic Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC) useful with various aspects of the present disclosure.
Figure 2 is a logical block diagram of an exemplary electronic Subscriber Identity Module (eSIM) directory structure useful with various aspects of the present disclosure.
3 is a logical block diagram illustrating one exemplary state machine for Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) dedicated files (SDF) useful with various aspects of the present disclosure.
4 is a logical block diagram illustrating one exemplary state machine for eSIM operation useful with various aspects of the present disclosure.
Figure 5 is a graphical representation of one exemplary eSIM broker network that is useful with various aspects of the present disclosure.
Figure 6 is a logical block diagram of one exemplary tiered security protocol that is useful with various aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of one exemplary data structure including three pieces useful with various aspects of the present disclosure. FIG.
Figure 8 is a graphical representation of one exemplary OEM certification hierarchy that is useful with various aspects of the present disclosure.
Figure 9 is a logic flow diagram illustrating one exemplary logical sequence for delivering an eSIM to a device without personalization.
10 is a logic flow diagram illustrating one exemplary logical sequence for delivering an eSIM to a device with pre-personalization;
11 is a logic flow diagram illustrating one exemplary logical sequence for delivering a batch of eSIMs to a device.
Figure 12 is a logical representation of an electronic Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC) device.
13 is a logical representation of an electronic Subscriber Identification Module (eSIM) depot device.
14 is a logic flow diagram illustrating one exemplary user device.
15 is a logic flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method for large scale deployment of electronic access control clients.
2012-2013 is located at Apple Inc. and does not permit reproduction of all drawings.
Reference is now made to the drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout.
Illustrative In embodiments Explanation for
Exemplary embodiments and aspects of the present disclosure will now be described in detail. While these embodiments and aspects are discussed primarily in the context of a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) of a GSM, GPRS / EDGE, or UMTS cellular network, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present disclosure is not so limited. In fact, various aspects of the present disclosure are useful in any network (whether wireless cellular or not) that can benefit from storing and distributing access control clients to devices.
As used herein, the terms "client" and "UE" are intended to encompass all types of wireless devices, such as wireless-enabled cellular telephones, smart phones (such as iPhone ™), wireless- Devices such as handheld computers, PDAs, personal media devices (PMDs), wireless tablets (such as iPAD ™), so-called "phablets", or any of the foregoing But are not limited to, combinations thereof.
The terms "Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)", "eSIM (electronic SIM)", "profile", and "access control client", as used below, Or implemented in software. Common examples of access control clients are the USIM, the CDMA Subscriber Identification Module (CSIM), the IP Multimedia Services Identity Module (ISIM), the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), the Removable User Identity Module (RUIM) &Lt; / RTI &gt;
Also, although the term "subscriber identity module" is used herein (eSIM, for example), the term should never necessarily refer to (i) use by the subscriber itself Various features of the content may be implemented by subscriber or non-subscriber); (ii) does not imply or requires the identification of a single individual (i.e., the various features of the present disclosure may be embodied on behalf of an intangible or fictitious entity, such as a group of individuals, such as a family, ); Or (iii) does not imply or require any tangible "module" equipment or hardware.
Illustrative eUICC And eSIM action
Various features and functions of the present disclosure will now be discussed with respect to an exemplary implementation. In the context of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, instead of using a physical UICC as in the prior art, the UICC is referred to below as an eUICC (eUICC), which is contained within a security element (e.g., a secure microprocessor or storage device) Emulated as a virtual or electronic entity, e.g., a software application, called an integrated circuit card. The eUICC can store and manage a number of SIM elements, hereinafter referred to as Electronic Subscriber Identity Modules (eSIMs). Each eSIM is a software emulation of a typical USIM and contains similar programming and associated user data. The eUICC selects the eSIM based on the ICC-ID of the eSIM. If the eUICC selects the desired eSIM (s), the UE may initiate an authentication procedure to obtain wireless network services from the corresponding network operator of the eSIM.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown an exemplary electronic Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC) useful with the present disclosure. Exemplary eUICC examples are described in U. S. Patent Application Serial No. 10 / 548,993, entitled " APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR STORING ELECTRONIC ACCESS CLIENTS, " filed April 25, 2011, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, 13 / 093,722, it will be appreciated that other things may be used in accordance with the present disclosure.
Figure 1 shows an exemplary Java Card (TM) eUICC architecture. Other examples of operating systems (OSs) used in smart card applications include, but are not limited to, MULTOS and proprietary operating systems, and Java cards are exemplary only. The OS provides an interface between application software and hardware. In general, the OS includes services and functions configured for input / output (I / O), random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), nonvolatile memory (NV) (EEPROM, flash) The OS may also provide cryptographic services, memory and file management, and communication protocols used by higher layers.
An exemplary Java implementation includes three parts: a Java Card Virtual Machine (JCVM) (bytecode interpreter); Java Card run time environment (JCRE) (managing card resources, applet execution and other runtime features); And Java application programming interfaces (APIs) (a set of customized classes for programming smart card applications).
The JCVM has an on-card component (bytecode interpreter), and an off-card counterpart (converter). Some compilation operations can be performed by the converter due to card resource constraints. Initially, the Java compiler generates class files from source code. The converter preprocesses the class files and creates the CAP file. The converter checks that the load images of the Java classes are properly configured, checks for violations of the Java card language subset, and performs some other task. The CAP file contains an executable binary representation of the classes in the Java package. The converter also generates export files containing the public API information. Only the CAP file is loaded into the card. Another commonly used format is the IJC, which can be converted from CAP files. IJC files may be slightly smaller in size than CAP files.
Typically, downloading an applet to a card requires the exchange of Application Protocol Data Units (APDUs) to load the contents of the CAP file into the card's persistent memory. The on-card installer will also link classes in the CAP file with other classes on the card. The installation process then creates an instance of the applet and registers the instance with JCRE. The applets are kept in a suspended state until they are selected.
The above-described procedure may further implement one or more security layers. In one exemplary embodiment, a Global Platform (GP) provides a security protocol for managing applications. The GP operates within the secure issuer security domain, which is the card issuer's on-card representation. The card may also execute other security domains, for example, for application providers.
In one exemplary embodiment, the eUICC is a non-removable component of the device. During operation, the eUICC runs a secure bootstrap OS. The bootstrap OS ensures that the eUICC is secure and manages the execution of security protocols in it. Examples of secure bootstrap SOs are disclosed in commonly owned co-pending U.S. Patent Applications entitled " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR STORAGE AND EXECUTION OF ACCESS CONTROL CLIENTS " filed April 5, 2011, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 080,521. It is also recognized that different Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) can customize eSIMs to support varying degrees of service differentiation. Common examples of customization include, but are not limited to, patent file structures and / or software applications. Due to the configurability of eSIMs, eSIMs can vary in size.
Unlike prior art SIM cards, eSIMs can be freely exchanged between devices in accordance with secure transactions. Subscribers do not need a "physical card" to transport SIMs between devices; Actual transactions of eSIMs must be securely protected, for example, through certain security protocols. In one exemplary embodiment, the eSIM is encrypted for a particular receiver before delivery. In some variations, in addition to the encrypted content, each eSIM may include a meta-data section that is a plain text. A cryptographic signature may additionally be used to ensure the integrity of plaintext content. This meta-data section can be freely provided (even to insecure entities) to aid in insecure storage and so on.
Referring now to Fig. 2, an exemplary electronic Subscriber Identity Module (eSIM) directory structure implemented in an exemplary eUICC is disclosed. As shown, the eSIM directory structure has been modified to support the flexibility provided by eSIMs. For example, the eSIM directory structure may include (i) EFeSimDir, which contains a list of installed eSIMs; (ii) EFcsn containing the card serial number that uniquely identifies the eUECC globally; (iii) DFsecurity that stores the private key and security-related data corresponding to one or more eUICC certificates. In one such variant, the DFsecurity information includes (i) DFepcf containing the eUICC platform level PCF; (ii) EFoemcert containing the OEM root certificate and generic name (the OEM certificate may be used for special operations such as factory refurbishment); (iii) the EUICC certificate EfeUICCcert; (iv) EFsL1cert, the root certificate of the server L1 appliances; (v) EFsL2cert, the root certificate of the server L2 appliances; And (vi) the root certificate of the server L3 appliances, EFsL3cert.
In one exemplary embodiment, the directory structure further includes SIM dedicated files (SDF) containing file structures specific to eSIM. Each SDF is located just below the MF. Each SDF has a name attribute and a SID (eSIM ID) such as an Integrated Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID). As shown, each SDF further includes DFprofiles and DFcodes. Moreover, in one variant, all profile PCF-related EFs are stored under DFppcf, which is stored under DFprofile.
In one exemplary embodiment, the DFprofile information includes (i) an EFname that is a description of the eSIM (e.g., the name and version of the eSIM); (ii) EFtype-software applications describing the type of eSIM (e.g., regular, bootstrap, and test) can use this information to indicate an icon, for example, when bootstrap eSIM is being used; (iii) EFsys_ver, the lowest version number of the eUICC software required to support eSIM; (iv) EFnv_min representing the minimum amount of non-volatile memory required by the eSIM; (v) EFram_min representing the minimum amount of volatile memory required; (vi) EFnv_rsvd representing the amount of nonvolatile memory reserved for over the air transactions (OTA); And (vii) EFram_rsvd representing the amount of volatile memory reserved for the OTA.
In one exemplary embodiment, the DFcode information includes a set of keys for each eSIM. These values can not be read from the eUICC in most situations. One exceptional use case is the export operation, which wraps and exports the entire eSIM. Because the entire eSIM is encrypted, the values of the keys remain secure. In one exemplary embodiment, the DFcode information includes (i) ExEFgPinx / gPukx, which includes a Global PIN (Personal Identification Number) and a PUK (PIN Unlock Key); (ii) EFuPin / uPuk containing universal PIN and PUK; (iii) EFadminx containing ADMIN codes; And (iv) ETAtax containing OTA codes. In some variations, (i) EFk storing a 128-bit shared authentication key K; (ii) EFopc storing OPc derived from subscriber key and operator variant algorithm configuration field OP (some variants may store OP instead of OPc); (iii) EFauthpar specifying the length of RES; (iv) EFalgid specifying a network authentication algorithm (e.g., Milenage); (v) EFsan storing SQN; And (vi) an ADFusim containing additional elements such as EFlpinx / lpukx, which stores the PIN and PUK code for the local PIN.
Those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure will appreciate that the above-described files, structures, or elements may be substituted for others having merely a desired function or structure.
Referring now to FIG. 3, one exemplary state machine for SDF operation is illustrated. As shown, the SDF state machine includes the following states: CREATION, INITIALIZATION, OPERATIONAL, ACTIVATED, DEACTIVATED, and TERMINATION. (End).
When the eSIM is first installed, an SDF is created (CREATION) and then initialized (INITIALIZATION) and the file structure data is included in the eSIM. When the eSIM is installed, the SDF transitions to the DEACTIVATED state. In this disabled state, none of the files are available. If eSIM is selected, the SDF transitions from the DEACTIVATED state to the ACTIVATED state; This ACTIVATED state allows access to files in the SDF. When the eSIM is deselected (implicitly or explicitly), the SDF transitions from the ACTIVATED state back to the DEACTIVATED state.
Referring now to FIG. 4, one exemplary state machine for eSIM operation is illustrated. As shown, the eSIM state machine includes the following states: INSTALLED, SELECTED, LOCKED, DEACTIVATED, EXPORTED, and DELETED.
During eSIM installation (INSTALLED), an entry for eSIM is created in the eUICC registry; This entry represents one or more associated SDFs and applications. During the INSTALLED state, the SDF is set to the DEACTIVATED state and the applications are set to the INSTALLED state.
When eSIM is selected, the eSIM transitions to the SELECTED state. During this selected state, SDFs transition to ACTIVATED state and applications transition to SELECTABLE state. When the eSIM is deselected, the eSIM transitions back to the INSTALLED state.
In certain situations, the eSIM may enter the LOCKED state. For example, if the eSIM with the eUICC PCF is changed so that it can no longer be used, the eSIM will transition to the LOCKED state. In the LOCKED state, the SDF is set to the DEACTIVATED state and the applications are set to the LOCKED state. Other miscellaneous states include the EXPORTED state (i.e., when the eSIM is exported and can no longer be selected), and the DELETED state (i.e., when the eSIM is deleted).
Network Authentication Algorithms (NAAs) are generally necessary for operation with mobile network operators (MNOs). There are different implementations of NAA, but their functionality is not much different. In some embodiments, the eUICC may include common packages for NAAs. During the eSIM installation, an instance of each NAA app can be created for each eSIM from the preloaded packages to reduce the overall loading time of the eSIM and unnecessary memory consumption in the eUICC.
Common examples of NAAs include, but are not limited to, Milenage, COMP128V1, COMP128V2, COMP128V3, and COMP128V4, and certain patented algorithms. There are still more patent algorithms still in use (due to known attacks on COMPI28 VI). In one embodiment, network authentication is based on the well-known Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol.
Alternative NAA schemes may require software updates if the NAA is compromised, although it is unlikely. During such occasions, eSIMs may be patched with replacement algorithms, for example, via security software updates. The MNO can then enable the replacement algorithm via the existing OTA mechanism.
Illustrative eSIM Broker network
Figure 5 shows a high-level view of one exemplary eSIM broker network that is useful with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In one exemplary embodiment, the broker network includes a distributed network of brokers and manufacturers, whereby the device can be serviced by multiple brokers, and the broker can order eSIMs from multiple eSIM manufacturers have. In some embodiments, there may be eUICC and / or eSIM profile policies that restrict the group of brokers with which the device can communicate for certain eSIM operations. For example, the MNO may require only those devices that are subsidized by that MNO to communicate with the brokers owned by that MNO.
In one such variant, the primary broker provides discovery services to the devices, so that the device can identify the appropriate broker. The device may then communicate directly with the identified broker for eSIM operations (e.g., purchase, install, export, and import).
Those skilled in the art of pertinent network technology will recognize that many practical problems arise during operation of large scale distribution networks such as those illustrated by FIG. Specifically, large-scale distribution networks must be scalable to deal with congested provisioning traffic (such as can occur on a so-called "release date" of a given mobile user device). One proposed way to reduce overall network traffic (if possible) involves pre-personalizing eSIMs before their release date. For example, so-called "SIM-in" units are already assigned to the eSIM at the time of dispatch; This pre-assigned eSIM can be pre-personalized for that unit, for example, by encrypting the corresponding eSIM profile with a key specific to that unit's eUICC.
Other considerations include system reliability, for example, the broker network must be able to recover from a variety of equipment failures. One solution is geographic redundancy with multiple data centers having replicated content across different locations; Networks of data centers can actively synchronize with each other to avoid eSIM replication. Such network synchronization would require a tremendous amount of network bandwidth. In alternate solutions, each data center may have a separate set of eSIMs; This requires significant eSIM overhead.
Ideally, a broker network can flexibly adapt to a variety of business models. Specifically, for various legal and antitrust reasons, the various components of the broker network described above can be handled by different parties. Accordingly, the security aspects of eSIM traffic need to be carefully monitored and evaluated. Each eSIM contains valuable user and MNO information. For example, an eSIM may include a shared authentication key (K for USIM and Ki for SIM), which may be used for SIM replication if compromised. Similarly, eSIMs may include applications that may have sensitive user data, such as bank account information.
Moreover, it is also recognized that eUICC software requires additional measures for device recovery. Unlike physical SIMs, if the eUICC software becomes unrecoverable, the entire device will need to be replaced (which is a lot more expensive than replacing a SIM card). Accordingly, exemplary solutions should be able to handle device recovery to rule out such harsh actions.
Finally, network operations should provide a "good" user experience. Excessive response time, unreliable behavior, and excessive software conflicts can significantly compromise the overall user experience.
An exemplary security protocol
Accordingly, a tiered security software protocol is disclosed herein to address the various problems described above. In one exemplary embodiment, the server eUICC and the client eUICC software include a "stack" of so-called software layers. Each software layer is responsible for a set of hierarchical functions that negotiate with its corresponding peer software layers. Moreover, each software layer further communicates with its own layers. It is also recognized that in some cases, the device application processor (AP) may be compromised (e.g., "jailbroken", etc.); Thus, it is recognized that there are trust relationships between the client eUICC and the corresponding server eUICC (or other secure entity), i.e., the AP is unreliable.
In one exemplary embodiment, a three-tiered system is disclosed. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the security software protocol includes Level 1 (L1), Level 2 (L2), and Level 3 (L3). L1 security performs encryption and decryption of eSIM data. L1 operations are limited to secure execution environments (e. G., EUICC or Hardware Security Module (HSM)). Within L1, eSIM data may be stored in plain L1 (e.g., without encryption) within logical L1 boundaries; Outside the L1 boundary, eSIM data is always securely encrypted. L2 security ensures that eSIMs can not be replicated. The L2 boundary ensures that only one copy of eSMI exists. There may be multiple copies within the L2 boundary. Moreover, L2 security may further include a challenge in the encrypted eSIM payload; The recipient of the eSIM will compare the received challenge to the challenge stored prior to the installation of eSIM to ensure that its eSIM is not obsolete (i.e., it is the current one and only one eSIM). L3 security is responsible for establishing the user's credit, ownership and verification. For each eSIM, the eUICC may store information indicating ownership associated with the eSIM.
In one exemplary implementation, so-called "challenges" are an important resource used to associate a particular eSIM instance with an eUICC. Specifically, each eUICC maintains a predetermined number of challenges for each profile agent, which is a logical entity that maintains L2 security. By verifying that the challenge is valid, the eUICC can ensure that the eSIM is not an outdated eSIM (ie, an invalid replica). A number of challenges are created for each eSIM to be personalized. The eUICC deletes the challenge when a matching eSIM is received.
Considering the following pre-personalization scenarios, the eUICC creates (or receives) a number of challenges that are provided to the network; These challenges are also stored in the nonvolatile memory of the eUICC. Thereafter, the network may generate an eSIM for the eUICC coupled to the pre-generated challenge. If the eUICC later receives an eSIM during device activation, the eUICC can verify that the received eSIM contains the appropriate challenge.
However, one drawback of the above approach is that a certain number of challenges can be easily compromised by a denial of service (DOS) attack. Upon a DOS attack, the eUICC is continuously triggered to generate challenges until all of its challenge resources are exhausted. Thus, in one such modification, the eUICC further performs a session handshake to authenticate the profile server / agent before processing the requests to trigger the eUICC to generate the challenge. In addition, if the resources are depleted and the eUICC fails to generate new challenges, though not likely, the eUICC may store a separate set of reserved challenges specifically designed to release another set of challenges. In some cases, the eUICC may additionally include an OEM certificate that an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) may use to further control the challenge operation.
Referring now to FIG. 7, one exemplary data structure for an eSIM is illustrated. As shown, this exemplary data structure includes three parts, one for each of the L1, L2, and L3 security levels. By separating the security components into distinct levels, the overall network operation can be distributed across multiple entities in a wide variety of options. For example, the various network entities can only perform one or two of the security levels (e. G., The eSIM vendor can handle L2 only, etc.); This flexibility accommodates virtually any business arrangement easily and advantageously.
7, each eSIM profile component 702 is associated with an eSIM profile component 702, since the asymmetric encryption (i.e., if each entity has a distinct and unique key) is much slower than a symmetric operation (where entities share keys) Is encrypted with a symmetric key, and the symmetric key is encrypted with the L1 public key of the destination eSIM receiver. The eSIM may additionally include a plain text section for metadata (such as a text string of ICCID). The encrypted symmetric key, metadata, and encrypted eSIM content are hashed and signed with the public key of the "providing" L1 entity. The associated L1 certificate is appended to the end, for example, for verification.
The batch descriptor component 704 of FIG. 7 contains L2 information for the eSIM. It has a plain-text section containing a Globally Unique Identifier (GUID), a challenge for the destination eSIM receiver, a unique ID for the eSIM receiver, a URL to retrieve the profile, and a URL to post the installation results. The deployment descriptor also includes a plaintext section of an array of elements consisting of an ICCID for each profile, and a hashed portion of the profile (metadata section and encrypted eSIM content). In one embodiment, the hash does not include a symmetric key, so the deployment descriptor can be generated without waiting for the actual profile to be created. For device-side operation, the deployment descriptor contains only one ICCID and profile hash. For server to server batch transfer, a much larger array is expected. The data content of the deployment descriptor is hashed and signed with the L2 public key, and the associated L2 certificate is appended to the end.
The L3 owner component 706 contains L3 information for the eSIM. The main field identifies the user account associated with the eSIM (e.g. abc@me.com ), and the service name identifies the service provider to authenticate the user account. The hash of the deployment descriptor is included to associate the L2 and L3 data structures. The data is stored in plaintext, and can be hashed and signed with the L3 public key. An L3 certificate is appended to the end.
As used herein, there are three types of certificates: eUICC certificates, server appliance certificates, and OEM certificates. In one embodiment, a trusted third party issues certificates for the certified eUICCs. Each eUICC contains a private key and an associated certificate issued by this entity or a subordinate key authority of this entity. In some embodiments, one trusted third party may issue certificates for certified L1, L2, and L3 appliances; Or alternatively, separate third party entities may issue certificates for the L1, L2, or L3 appliances. If there are multiple third parties, the eUICC pre-loads (or can be provided as an OTA from the trusted entity) the root CA of these third parties, and based on the appropriate CA You can verify messages received from server appliances.
Referring now to FIG. 8, an exemplary OEM authentication hierarchy is illustrated. The root certification authority (CA) has a set of intermediate CAs that perform a subset of tasks (e.g., issuing iOS or similar device certificates). As shown, the eUICC CA is populated with eSIM specific operations. This eUICC CA may issue certificates for a set of servers; As shown, the certificates include, for example, factory refurbishment servers for eUICC maintenance, and activation servers for signing the eUICC PCF. The root CA is used to verify OEM-signed messages by the client eUICC with the common name of the eUICC CA.
In accordance with the foregoing, in one exemplary embodiment, each client eUICC stores the following security-relevant data: (i) eUICC The eUICC certificate used for L1, L2, and L3 operations , L2, and L3 security related operations); (ii) an eUICC private key associated with eUICC certificates; (iii) OEM certificates, including root certificates of OEMs and generic names of OEM eUICC CAs; (iv) root certificates of third parties who may certify server appliances. In some variants, the certificates in the eUICC may need to be replaced if the signing CA is compromised; For example, if the eUICC CA or server CA is compromised (e. G., If the private key is compromised / lost), two revocation procedures are described below.
According to the first exemplary revocation procedure, if a signing CA issuing eUICC certificates is compromised, the eUICC certificate stored in the infected eUICC must be replaced. Specifically, when an initial certificate request was generated for the eUICC, a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) was stored. If the signing CA is compromised, a new certificate may be requested for that eUICC using the initial CSR. By maintaining the same CSR, the eUICC can use the same private key and a new certificate will be issued, including the same eUICC public key. An OEM can sign a new certificate with the OEM's private key. When the eUICC sends requests to the server broker, the broker can check the revocation list of rogue eUICC CAs and reject the request with a specific error indicating that the certificate needs to be replaced. The AP can retrieve the new eUICC certificate through existing OEM services and send the new certificate to the eUICC (the AP need not be reliable in this scenario).
The eUICC then verifies the OEM signature and ensures that the received public key matches its public key previously stored in the eUICC. In some variations, the eUICC additionally includes eUICC certificates to prevent denial of service (DOS) attacks or replay attacks. An epoch is incremented when a new certificate is issued in one variant. The eUICC can verify that the eUICC epoch in the received certificate is higher than the epoch of the current certificate before storing the new certificate.
Unfortunately, discarding server certificates in the eUICC can be challenging due to various eUICC resource constraints; That is, processing a large revocation list may not be true for the eUICC. To prevent keeping revocation lists, in the second revocation scheme, each server certificate is further associated with an epoch. If the CA is compromised, the root CA reissues the certificates for all legitimate entities and increments the epoch of each new certificate. Since the number of server certificates will be small, reissuing certificates may be handled in existing systems. In the client eUICC, the eUICC stores the expected epochs of the server L1, L2, and L3 certificates in nonvolatile memory. When the received certificate contains a higher epoch, the eUICC must update the corresponding NV epoch and reject any future certificates with a lower epoch; That is, the eUICC will reject unsigned malicious servers after the CA is compromised. In some variations, the server may also maintain an eUICC blacklist for the compromised eUICCs. Requests for blacklisted eUICCs are rejected by the server in one embodiment.
Within the context of the security solution described above, there are two levels of Policy Control Functions (PCF): (i) the eUICC platform level, and (ii) the profile level. In one exemplary embodiment, the eUICC PCF can only be updated by the OEM, while the profile PCF is controlled by the MNOs and is part of the eSIM. In one such variant, when the eSIM is exported and / or imported, the profile PCF is included as part of the export / import package.
Now referring to the eUICC PCF, the eUICC PCF may include: (i) a SIM lock policy that specifies the types of eSIMs that the eUICC can activate; (ii) a secret code that can be used to authorize the deletion of all eSIMs within the eUICC; (iii) a list of common names (i.e., a comprehensive list) of servers L1, L2, and L3 that specify the clusters of server appliances that the eUICC may communicate (e.g., based on business considerations or methods) ; (iv) a list (ie, an exclusive list) of common names of servers (L1, L2, and L3) that specify clusters of server appliances on which the eUICC can not communicate.
Similarly, the profile PCF may include: (i) a list (generic) of common names of servers L1, L2, and L3 that specify the cluster of depots where the eUICC can export eSIMs; ; (ii) a list of the common names of the servers (L1, L2, and L3) that specify the cluster of deprecations that the eUICC can not export eSIMs (exclusive); (iii) notification URLs and operation types that specify URLs that sent notifications upon completion of the specified eSIM operation; (iv) auto expiration parameters from which the AP can delete the eSIM when the profile expires; (v) classes of server appliances (L1, L2, and L3) to which different classes representing the implemented security levels may be assigned (the profile may choose to communicate only with server components above certain levels ); (vi) Epoch of server certificates (L1, L2, and L3) checked during installation (e.g., eUICC installs profiles only if the epoch of eUICC server certificates is equal to or higher than the specified epoch); (vii) a list of L3 service names for which L3 authentication is available, and / or service names for which L3 authentication is not available; (viii) the lowest version of the eUICC system (if eSIM can be installed only on eUICC systems above the minimum specified); (ix) the minimum RAM size required for eSIM (not including OTA operations); (x) the minimum RAM size reserved for the OTA; (xi) Minimum nonvolatile (NM) memory size required for eSIM (excluding space served for OTA); (xii) Minimum NM size reserved for OTA.
Within the context of the aforementioned components (e. G., EUICC, eSIM, broker network, security protocol, etc.), the following exemplary messaging sequences are disclosed. In the following sequence diagrams, three entities are presented: a broker, a profile agent, and a profile locker, which represent entities responsible for L3, L2, and L1 security, respectively. However, it is recognized that these are logical entities and that different network topologies may include or further distinguish their functions as described above.
The client eUICC is responsible for all three security levels in the illustrated embodiment; For clarity, the client eUICC is separated into three logical entities that capture the functional requirements within the eUICC. Moreover, although there may be separate sets of certificates for L1, L2, and L3 in the client eUICC, it is recognized that the same (i.e., one certificate) may be used because the client device is a single device.
Figure 9 shows an exemplary logical sequence for delivering an eSIM to a device without personalization. First, the device identifies the server broker through a discovery process (not shown). When a device attempts to communicate with a server broker, there are three main operations: (i) the device queries the server backend for available eSIM options; (ii) the device requests that the server personalize the eSIM if the requested eSIM is not pre-personalized; And (iii) the device downloads the actual eSIM and installs it.
In the first step, getProfileOptions is used by the device to query the server backend for available eSIM options. The eUICC associated with the device is identified by its UniqueId, which may be, for example, a card serial number. The broker uses the sales information to determine one or more eSIM options available to the device. For unlocked devices, the set of available eSMIs can be very large; Thus, in some embodiments, common options that are likely to be selected by the user are displayed (e.g., based on location, cost, etc.). The server returns an array of profile providers (MNO) and profile types (e.g., prepaid / postpaid) valid for the device.
In some scenarios, the type of eSIMs available to the user may be considered private, so in some variations the getProfileOptions API additionally requires the device eUICC L3 to sign the unique identifier of the eUICC, Into the API. The server broker (or broker server) can verify this signature before processing the request. This prevents malicious parties from searching for user profile options by sending impersonated requests. In some variations, communication between the device broker and the server broker uses a secure protocol (e.g., transport layer security (TLS)) to prevent capture and replay attacks.
In one embodiment, getProfileOptions contains two L3 tokens to verify the current and new ownership of the eSIM. The current L3 token may be a unique identifier or so-called "faux card" scratch code. The new L3 token may be information used to associate the user account with the eSIM, such as, for example, a sign-on token for the iCloud account (e.g., if the device has logged in to the user account to retrieve the token). Both L3 tokens are signed by eUICC L3. The server broker uses the associated authentication service to validate L3 tokens. For example, it may communicate with a network server (e.g., the iCloud server of the assignee) or a third party service to validate the sign-on token.
To optimize performance and avoid duplicate authorizations, after authenticating the token passed by the device, the server broker generates a one time code (OTC) and passes the OTC back to the device. The device can use this OTC as evidence that the server has already performed L3 authentication. A complete data binary large object (BLOB) may include a generated OTC, a unique device identifier (e.g., a card serial number (CSN)), a principal, a service provider, and a timestamp indicating the validity of the OTC. This BLOB is hashed and signed by the broker. In one variation, hashing is performed with a symmetric key to improve overall performance. When getProfileOptions returns an array of eSIMs, the user is prompted to make a selection.
In the second phase, the device will call personalizeProfile to request the server backend to personalize the eSIM. Before the device sends a personalization request to the server, there is a session handshake between the eUICC profile agent and the server profile agent for authentication. The device broker and the eUICC create a session based on the profile option selected by the user, the current L3 code transmitted by the server broker, and the new L3 code. The eUICC may store this information to fill in subsequent profile requests. The eUICC profile agent generates a session id, which will be echoed back by the server agent for subsequent authentication.
The device broker can now forward the session request generated by the eUICC to the server broker. The server broker can check the request. For example, the server broker determines whether the request eUICC indicated by the unique ID is serviceable. Since the unique identifier is included in the plain text, the server broker can retrieve the information even though a more thorough verification of the request is performed by the server profile agent.
If the request is appropriate, the server broker forwards the request to the profile agent. The profile agent validates the eUICC L2 certificate and validates the request with a password by verifying the L2 signature using the eUICC L2 public key. If the validation passes, the server profile agent sends a plain-text section containing a received session identifier and a unique identifier, an L2 signature (generated by hashing the plain-text section and signing with the server profile agent's private key on the hash) And a SessionResponse containing the certificate of the server profile agent.
This session response is sent from the server profile agent to the server broker, which then sends this session response to the device broker. The device broker passes this response to the eUICC in the prepareProfileRequest message. eUICC L2 verifies this sessionResponse by verifying the certificate and L2 signature of the server profile agent. The eUICC L2 also verifies that the session identifier and the unique identifier match the information in the eUICC. If the validation passes, the eUICC generates a challenge for the personalized profile request. This challenge is committed to non-volatile memory. The eUICC then generates profile request BLOBs including information related to L1, L2 and L3. Detailed structures are listed in APPENDIX A which is incorporated herein by reference.
The profile request BLOB is then sent to the server backend. The server broker performs L3 verification and includes L3 owner information (e.g., principals and service providers) to associate the eSIM; The server profile agent creates the deployment descriptor, and the server profile locker personalizes the eSIM for the eUICC. Personalized eSIMs can be deployed on a content delivery network (CDN) for performance optimization.
After the device broker receives the profile descriptor and the associated L3 owner information, it retrieves the associated profile via getProfile by providing the received globally unique identifier (GUID).
When the device broker discovers the profile descriptor and profile, it instructs the client eUICC to install the eSIM. Although the call flows show three distinct calls, processL3Owner, processProfileDescriptor, and installProfile, it is recognized in actual implementation that these three logical calls can be combined in a single transaction. eUICC performs L3, L2, and L1 verification; Once verified, the eSIM is installed. The associated challenge is deleted. The L3 owner information is stored with the eSIM to indicate legitimate ownership. The L3 owner information can be provided at a later point when the user exports the eSIM.
Once the profile is installed, the eUICC returns the installation results to the server. The server infrastructure may use the notification to trigger the purging of the cached content within the content delivery network (CDN). In some cases, this information may be used for notification services, for example, indicating successful installation, partial installation, unsuccessful installation, and the like.
eSIM Delivery, dictionary personalization
Figure 10 shows an exemplary logical sequence for delivering an eSIM to a device with pre-personalization. Similar to the approach of Figure 9, there are three steps involved in delivering the pre-personalized eSIM.
Initially, during manufacture of the client device, the factory broker instructs the eUICC to create a challenge for eSIM pre-personalization later. However, unlike the approach of FIG. 9, the device is not yet associated with the MNO or eSIM type; Rather, these fields are filled with special values indicating that the selection will be made later. The complete content of the profile request BLOB is stored for later personalization use.
The second step is triggered automatically, for example, by dispatch notification, device sales, and the like. The L2 (Client Profile Agent) in the distribution center acts as a proxy to the client eUICC L2. The eUICC profile request BLOB does not include the MNO and eSIM types, but the client profile agent can regenerate the BLOB by replacing these fields with updated information. The client profile agent can create its own challenges and replace the eUICC challenge. The client profile agent will sign the content with its own private key (otherwise all L2 will ask for unique challenges). The BLOB will contain the L1 signature of the eUICC, and the eUICC still needs to decrypt the personalized eSIM. The new profile request BLOB is sent to the server broker using the existing personalizeProfile request. Hereinafter, the procedure is not different from the procedure of FIG.
Moreover, it is also recognized that although the MNO wants to support its own brokering system, the disclosed pre-personalization process can use the same interface. The server broker will return the deployment descriptor to the client and personalize the eSIM. The client profile agent will create a new deployment descriptor with the challenge of the eUICC to be used when the eUICC later requests the profile.
Finally, in the final step, when the user powers on the device, the device performs getProfileOptions to check for available eSIM options. Since the eSIM is already pre-personalized, the response will contain a valid deployment descriptor and the device no longer needs to call personalizeProfile. It will retrieve the eSIM directly through the getProfile request using the information in the descriptor.
FIG. 11 shows one exemplary logical sequence for delivering multiple (batch) eSIMs between two entities, for example. In one embodiment, the client broker and the server broker are secure entities that have secure communications over, for example, a Virtual Private Network (VPN). "Batching" is supported so that clients can order large amounts of eSIMs.
In this scenario, when a profile agent receives a request to personalize profiles, the profiles do not need to be personalized when the deployment descriptor is returned; Rather, the client may request the actual profiles at a later stage as desired. In the deployment descriptor operation, the hash of the profile content is computed for the encrypted profile (wrapped with a symmetric key) and the profile metadata-none of which require the profile to be personalized. This also does not require L1 to store symmetric keys per eUICC, otherwise L1 will be burdened with additional storage requirements that are difficult to meet. In one embodiment, the encrypted eSIM (wrapped with a symmetric key) may be stored in an off-storage. The symmetric key will be wrapped with the L1 remote file system (RFS) key and the wrapped key can be stored off-store with the encrypted eSIM.
Finally, once the eSIM is stored on the client device, the user can choose to export the eSIM out of the device and later import the eSIM into the same or a different device. One goal is to support eSIM swapping. Another goal is to free the eUICC memory to store additional eSIMs. There are three possible scenarios for exporting: (i) export to the cloud, (ii) export to the AP (for off-board storage), and (iii) eSIM transfer between devices. Similarly, a user may import from a cloud, AP, or other device.
During eSIM installation, user account information is associated with eSIM (unless the user decides not to consent). The account information includes sufficient information for L3 authentication. For example, it may include a principal (e.g., x2z@yahoo.com) and an associated service provider for authentication. If there is no account information associated with the eSIM, the user can export the eSIM using other authentication methods. One such embodiment includes a physical button that is securely connected to the eUICC to prove physical possession of the device. In another embodiment, each eSIM contains a unique password, and the user must have a password to prove ownership of the eSIM. Using OEM certificates is still another option.
When the user exports the eSIM, the AP retrieves a list of installed profiles from the eUICC; For each profile, the eUICC also returns a generated nonce for the associated principal and anti-replay. When the user chooses to export the profile, the AP obtains a single sign-on (SSO) token from the service provider using the information contained in the principal, where the user enters the username and password for that purpose . The SSO token is passed to the server broker along with the principal and minor in the export request. The server broker can use the SSO token supplied by the device to handle authentication with the service provider. If authentication passes, the flow mirrors the eSIM delivery to the device, except that the client and server roles are reversed. At a high level, the server broker initiates a session with the eUICC and generates the request BLOB for export. In the request, it includes the nonce generated by the eUICC to indicate that the operation has passed the L3 authentication. The eUICC verifies the request BLOB, encrypts the eSIM with the server agent's public key, and generates the L3 owner information for the deployment descriptor and eSIM. The eSIM may be transmitted to the server along with the L3 and L2 information.
When the eUICC encrypts the eSIM for export, the eUICC abandons the ownership of the eSIM and no longer uses eSIM or exports the eSIM to any other entity. In some cases, the eUICC may store an encrypted copy to help recover from the connection loss (i.e., the encrypted eSIM has never reached the server). Alternatively, the AP may store a copy of the encrypted eSIM for retransmission in the event of a connection failure. The servers may return acknowledgments, which trigger the AP to clean up the stored copy.
In some embodiments, the export may be initiated from a web portal. When a user loses his device, he can use the web portal to export eSIMs from his device. In this case, the web portal will communicate with the device to initiate the export operation. The flow is similar, except that the user will use the web portal instead of the AP to obtain the SSO token for verifying ownership.
Various devices useful with the methods described above are now described in more detail.
12 shows one exemplary embodiment of an eUICC appliance 1200 in accordance with the present disclosure. The eUICC appliances may include standalone entities or may be integrated with other network entities such as, for example, servers. As shown, the eUICC appliance 1200 generally includes a network interface 1202, a processor 1204, and one or more storage devices 1206 for interfacing with a communications network. Although the network interface is shown as being connected to the MNO infrastructure in order to provide access to other eUICC appliances and direct or indirect access to one or more mobile devices, other configurations and functions may be substituted.
In one configuration, the eUICC appliance is configured to (i) establish communication with another eUICC (eUICC appliance or client device), (ii) securely store the eSIM, (iii) iv) encrypting the eSIM for delivery to another specific eUICC, and (v) sending multiple eSIMs to / from the eSIM depot.
FIG. 13 shows one exemplary embodiment of an eSIM depot 1300 in accordance with the present disclosure. The eSIM depot 1300 may be implemented as a standalone entity or may be integrated with other network entities (e.g., eUICC appliance 1200, etc.). As shown, eSIM depot 1300 generally includes a network interface 1302, a processor 1304, and a storage 1306 for interfacing with a communications network.
In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 1300, the eSIM depot 304 may include (i) an inventory of eSIMs (e.g., via associated metadata), (ii) (e.g., other eSIM depots, and / or eUICC appliances 1200) to respond to requests for encrypted eSIMs, and (iii) manage subscriber requests for eSIMs.
For example, when an eSIM is stored in the eSIM depot 1300 by a user, the eSIM may be stored with the intended destination (e.g., to facilitate transport to another device), or may be parked indefinitely. In any case, the eSIM Depot can provide the eSIM to the eUICC appliance for secure storage and for subsequent encryption to the destination device.
Referring now to FIG. 14, an exemplary user device 1400 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure is shown.
14 is a wireless device with a processor subsystem 1402, such as a digital signal processor, a microprocessor, a field-programmable gate array, or a plurality of processing components mounted on one or more substrates. The processing subsystem may also include a built-in cache memory. The processing subsystem communicates with a memory subsystem 1404 that includes memory, which may include, for example, SRAM, flash, and / or SDRAM components. The memory subsystem may implement one or more DMA type hardware to facilitate data accesses as is well known in the art. The memory subsystem includes computer executable instructions executable by the processor subsystem.
In one exemplary embodiment, the device includes one or more wireless interfaces 1406 configured to connect to one or more wireless networks. A number of wireless interfaces may support a variety of wireless technologies such as GSM, CDMA, UMTS, LTE / LTE-A, WiMAX, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc. by implementing appropriate antenna and modem subsystems of a type well known in the wireless art.
The user interface subsystem 1408 may include any number of well known I &lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; (I) &lt; / RTI &gt; devices including, but not limited to, a keypad, a touch screen / O. However, it is recognized that in certain applications, one or more of these components may be removed. For example, PCMCIA card-type client embodiments may not have a user interface (since they can piggyback on the user interface of the host device to which they are physically and / or electrically connected).
In the illustrated embodiment, the device includes a security element 1410 that includes and operates an eUICC application. The eUICC may store and access a plurality of access control clients to be used for authentication with the network operator. The security element includes a security processor that executes software stored in the secure medium. The secure medium is inaccessible to all other components (other than the secure processor). Furthermore, the exemplary security element may be further enhanced (e.g., surrounded by a resin) to prevent tampering as described above. Exemplary security element 1410 may be capable of receiving and storing one or more access control clients. In one embodiment, the security element is associated with a user (e.g., one for business use, one for personal use, some for roaming access, etc.), and / or in accordance with another logical method or relationship Or one for multiple members of a corporation, one for each individual and each use of the members of the family, et al., Etc.) array or a plurality of eSIMs. Each eSIM includes a small file system that includes computer readable instructions (eSIM programs) and associated data (e.g., cryptographic keys, integrity keys, etc.).
The security element is further configured to enable transport of the eSIMs to and / or from the mobile device. In one implementation, the mobile device provides a GUI based acknowledgment for initiating the transport of the eSIM.
If the user of the mobile device selects to activate the eSIM, the mobile device sends a request for activation to the activation device. Mobile devices can use eSIM for standard authentication and key agreement (AKA) exchanges.
Various methods that are useful in conjunction with the above-described methods are now described in more detail.
15 shows an embodiment of a method for large scale distribution of electronic access control clients.
At step 1502, the first device establishes ownership of one or more electronic access control clients.
At step 1506, the first device encrypts one or more electronic access control clients for transfer to the second device.
In step 1508, the first device and the second device exchange or transport the encrypted one or more electronic access control clients.
A myriad of ways for large scale deployment of electronic access control clients will be appreciated by those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure.
While certain aspects of the present disclosure have been described in terms of steps of a specific sequence of the method, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative of the broader methods of the present disclosure, something to do. Certain steps may be unnecessary or optional in certain situations. In addition, certain steps or functions may be added to the disclosed embodiments, or the order of execution of two or more steps may be changed. All such modifications are considered to be included within the disclosure disclosed and claimed herein.
Although the foregoing detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features of the present disclosure as applied to various embodiments, it is to be understood that various omissions, substitutions, or changes in form and detail of the illustrated device It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced by those skilled in the art without departing from the disclosure. The foregoing description is the currently considered best mode of carrying out the disclosure. This description is by no means limiting, but rather should be regarded as illustrative of the general principles of the disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined with reference to the appended claims.
An eUICC management server configured to replace compromised digital certificates associated with electronic Universal Integrated Circuit Cards (eUICCs) included in mobile devices,
The eUICC management server comprising a processor configured to perform the steps,
Receiving an indication that a signature authority associated with the plurality of digital certificates is compromised;
For each digital certificate of the plurality of digital certificates,
(i) an eUICC associated with the digital certificate; (ii) identifying a mobile device in which the eUICC is included; And
If the updated digital certificate is newer than the digital certificate, causing the eUICC to replace the digital certificate with the updated digital certificate
An eUICC management server.
Wherein the updated digital certificate is newer than the digital certificate if a second epoch value contained in the updated digital certificate exceeds a first epoch value included in the digital certificate.
The steps may also include,
Identifying a public key (PK eUICC ), the public key corresponding to (i) the eUICC and (ii) associated with the digital certificate; And
Obtaining the updated digital certificate, the updated digital certificate being based on the PK eUICC and an updated private key (SK Updated_SA ) corresponding to the signing authority;
Wherein for each digital certificate in the plurality of digital certificates, identifying the PK eUICC comprises acquiring a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) such that the digital certificate is initially generated. Management server.
Wherein for each digital certificate in the plurality of digital certificates, the digital certificate and the updated digital certificate comprise at least one of (i) the PK eUICC and (ii) a private key (SK eUICC ) corresponding to the PK eUICC , Management server.
Wherein for each digital certificate in the plurality of digital certificates, the digital certificate is digitally signed using a source original key (SK Original_SA ) corresponding to the signing authority, the SK Original_SA being compromised, eUICC Management server.
Wherein the SK Updated_SA is generated by the signing authority in response to a corruption of the SK Original_SA .
1. A method for replacing at-risk digital signatures associated with eUICCs included in mobile devices, the method comprising:
Wherein the updated digital certificate is newer than the digital certificate if a second epoch value included in the updated digital certificate exceeds a first epoch value included in the digital certificate.
Wherein for each digital certificate in the plurality of digital certificates, identifying the PK eUICC comprises first obtaining a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) such that the digital certificate is generated first .
Wherein for each digital certificate of the plurality of digital certificates, the digital certificate and the updated digital certificate are associated with (i) the PK eUICC and (ii) a private key (SK eUICC ) corresponding to the PK eUICC . .
For each digital certificate of the plurality of digital certificates, the digital certificate is digitally signed using a source original key (SK Original_SA ) corresponding to the signatory, and the SK Original_SA is compromised, .
18. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium configured to store instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor included in an eUICC management server, cause the eUICC management server to perform the steps of: And replacing the dangerous digital certificates associated with the digital certificate,
Gt; computer-readable &lt; / RTI &gt;
Wherein the updated digital certificate is newer than the digital certificate if a second epoch value contained in the updated digital certificate exceeds a first epoch value included in the digital certificate, media.
17. The method of claim 17,
Wherein for each digital certificate in the plurality of digital certificates, identifying the PK eUICC comprises: initially obtaining a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) such that the digital certificate is generated. Readable storage medium.
Associated with the private key (SK eUICC) that for each of the digital certificate of the plurality of digital certificates, corresponding to the digital certificate and the updated digital certificate is (i) the PK eUICC and (ii) the PK eUICC, computer Readable storage medium.
For each digital certificate of the plurality of digital certificates, the digital certificate is digitally signed using a source original key (SK Original_SA ) corresponding to the signing authority, the SK Original_SA being compromised, Readable storage medium.
KR1020167011363A 2012-02-14 2013-02-14 Mobile apparatus supporting a plurality of access control clients, and corresponding methods KR101716743B1 (en)
KR20160052803A KR20160052803A (en) 2016-05-12
KR101716743B1 true KR101716743B1 (en) 2017-03-15
KR1020147025521A KR101618274B1 (en) 2012-02-14 2013-02-14 Mobile apparatus supporting a plurality of access control clients, and corresponding methods
KR1020167011363A KR101716743B1 (en) 2012-02-14 2013-02-14 Mobile apparatus supporting a plurality of access control clients, and corresponding methods
JP6625139B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2019-12-25 アップル インコーポレイテッドＡｐｐｌｅ Ｉｎｃ． Pre-personalization of eSIM to support large-scale eSIM distribution
JP6073269B2 (en) 2017-02-01 Apparatus and method for distributing and storing electronic access clients
2016-04-28 A107 Divisional application of patent
2016-06-27 E902 Notification of reason for refusal
2017-03-09 GRNT Written decision to grant