Source: https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=9:1.0.1.5.53&rgn=div5
Timestamp: 2020-02-21 19:00:58
Document Index: 613643873

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 114', 'ART 114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', 'art 103', '§107', '§107', 'art 108', '§116', '§116', '§104', '§113', '§113', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§114', '§102', '§113', '§114']

Title 9 → Chapter I → Subchapter E → Part 114
PART 114—PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
§114.1 Applicability.
§114.2 Products not prepared under license.
§114.3 Separation of establishments.
§114.4 Identification of biological products.
§114.5 Micro-organisms used as seed.
§114.6 Mixing biological products.
§114.7 Personnel at licensed establishments.
§114.8 Outline of Production required.
§114.9 Outline of Production guidelines.
§114.10 Antibiotics as preservatives.
§114.11 Storage and handling.
§114.12 Expiration date required for a serial.
§114.13 Determination of the dating period of a product.
§114.14 Extension of expiration date for a serial or subserial.
§114.15 Disposal of unsatisfactory products and byproducts.
§114.16 Producing subsidiaries.
§114.17 Rebottling of biological products.
§114.18 Reprocessing of biological products.
Source: 39 FR 16869, May 10, 1974, unless otherwise noted.
Unless exempted by regulation or otherwise authorized by the Administrator, all biological products prepared, sold, bartered or exchanged, shipped or delivered for shipment in or from the United States, the District of Columbia, any Territory of the United States, or any place under the jurisdiction of the United States shall be prepared in accordance with the regulations in this part. The licensee or permittee shall adopt and enforce all necessary measures and shall comply with all directions the Administrator prescribes for carrying out such regulations.
[52 FR 11026, Apr. 7, 1987, as amended at 56 FR 66784, Dec. 26, 1991]
(a) When an establishment license is issued, if biological products which were not prepared in compliance with the regulations are in the establishment, such products shall not be shipped or delivered for shipment or otherwise dealt with as having been prepared under such regulations.
(b) Except as provided in 9 CFR part 103, a biological product shall not be prepared in a licensed establishment unless the person to whom the establishment license is issued holds an unexpired, unsuspended, and unrevoked product license issued by the Administrator to prepare such biological product, or unless the products prepared are subject to the provisions of §107.2 of this subchapter.
(c) A biological product produced in a USDA-licensed establishment shall be produced under a U.S. Veterinary Biological Product License or a license granted by a State under §107.2 (referred to as a State biological product license and the products prepared pursuant thereto as State-licensed biological products, including autogenous biologics), but not under both a U.S. Veterinary Biological Product License and a State biological product license. Before a U.S. Veterinary Biological Product License (including a conditional license) is issued, the licensee shall relinquish its State license for that product: Provided, That autogenous biologics shall not be subject to this provision when they are prepared in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (c)(5) of this section.
(1) State-licensed biological products (including autogenous biologics) shall only be distributed or shipped intrastate, must not bear a U.S. Veterinary Biologics Establishment License Number, and must not otherwise be represented in any manner as having met the requirements for a U.S. Veterinary Biological Product license. Labeling of State- and USDA-licensed biological products produced in the same establishment must be distinctly different in color and design.
(2) All biological products in USDA-licensed establishments, whether licensed by USDA or by the State, shall be prepared only in locations indicated in legends filed in accordance with 9 CFR part 108. A description of each State-licensed product must be filed with the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service as part of the blueprint legends and must be sufficient for Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service to determine any risk to the production of other products in the licensed establishment and to determine that adequate procedures are followed to prevent contamination during production.
(3) Records in such establishments must be maintained in accordance with §§116.1 and 116.2 of this subchapter and shall include all products licensed by the State or USDA.
(4) Reports prescribed in §116.5 of this subchapter for USDA-licensed establishments shall be submitted for all veterinary biological products in the establishment.
(5) Under the following conditions, an autogenous biologic may be produced in a USDA-licensed establishment under either a State or U.S. Veterinary Biological Product License:
(i) When a culture of microorganisms, isolated from a herd in a State, is received at a USDA-licensed establishment that is in the same State but that holds both a State and a U.S. Veterinary Biological Products License for autogenous biologics, the isolate shall be designated by the licensee for use in the production of an autogenous biological product under either the State product license, or the U.S. Veterinary Biological Product License: Provided, That the isolate meets the requirements of the respective regulatory authority for an autogenous biologic. If, after producing the product pursuant to one license, the licensee elects to produce an autogenous biologic from the same isolate under provisions of the other license, the licensee may do so only with the approval of the other licensing authority.
(ii) The true name of a State-licensed autogenous biologic shall specify the State of licensure: e.g.
“ _____ Autogenous Bacterin”
or _____ Autogenous Vaccine”.
[39 FR 16869, May 10, 1974, as amended at 60 FR 48021, Sept. 21, 1995]
(a) Each licensed establishment shall be separate and distinct from any other establishment in which a biological product is prepared.
(b) No biological products authorized to be prepared in a licensed establishment shall be prepared in whole or in part by another licensed establishment except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section.
(c) When a partially prepared biological product cannot be completed at a licensed establishment due to failure of essential equipment, the Administrator may authorize the use of similar equipment at another licensed establishment: Provided, That, such authorization shall be limited to the duration of the emergency and to the phase of production affected by the equipment failure.
(d) Partially prepared products or serials of completed products for further manufacture may be moved from one licensed establishment to another licensed establishment, imported under the provisions of §104.5, or moved from a licensed establishment for purpose of being exported under conditions prescribed in an Outline of Production filed with Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Licensed products or products imported for distribution and sale may be prepared and recommended for final use, for further manufacturing purposes, or both. All serials shall be subject to the requirements for testing and release specified in §113.5 or §113.10 and to the requirements for identification specified in §114.4.
[39 FR 16869, May 10, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 46093, Oct. 6, 1975; 49 FR 45846, Nov. 21, 1984; 56 FR 66784, Dec. 26, 1991]
Suitable tags or labels of a distinct design shall be used for identifying all ingredients used in the preparation of biological products, all component parts to be combined to form a biological product, all biological products while in the course of preparation and all completed biological products held in storage at licensed establishments: Provided, That, if such ingredients, components, or biological products are not so identified, they shall be disposed of as provided in §114.15.
[39 FR 16869, May 10, 1974, as amended at 48 FR 57473, Dec. 30, 1983; 56 FR 66784, Dec. 26, 1991]
Each biological product, when in liquid form, shall be mixed thoroughly in a single container. During bottling operations, the product shall be constantly mixed sufficient to maintain physical uniformity of the entire fill. A serial number, with any other markings that may be necessary for ready identification of the serial, shall be applied to identify it with the records of preparation and labeling.
(a) Each licensee shall designate a person(s) to make all official contacts with Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on matters pertaining to the preparation of biological products under the Virus-Serum-Toxin Act. The licensee shall file three copies of biographical summary with Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for such designated person and for each person responsible for any phase of preparation of a biological product.
(b) All personnel employed in the preparation of biological products at a licensed establishment shall be competent in good laboratory techniques through education or training, or both, so as to consistently prepare high quality products.
(c) All biological products prepared at licensed establishments shall be prepared and handled with due sanitary precautions. Good sanitary measures shall be practiced at all times by all personnel involved in such preparation and handling of biological products.
(1) The clothing worn by persons while preparing biological products shall be clean. All persons, immediately before entering laboratory rooms of a licensed establishment, shall change their outer clothing or effectively cover the same with gowns or other satisfactory clean garments.
(2) Unsanitary practices such as, but not limited to, eating, smoking, or expectorating on the floors or otherwise creating a nuisance in any room, compartment, or place in which biological products are prepared, handled, or stored at licensed establishments are prohibited.
An Outline of Production shall be on file with Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for each licensed biological product or for each biological product authorized to be imported into the United States for Distribution and Sale. Preparation of a biological product in a licensed establishment shall be in accordance with the Outline of Production for such product filed with Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service as provided in this section, but subject to changes as may be required under §114.8(f).
(a) The Outline of Production shall be prepared as prescribed in §114.9 and submitted to Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for filing. When objectionable features, if any, are corrected and no further exceptions are taken by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service to an Outline of Production for a biological product, such Outline of Production shall be approved for filing.
(b) Each page shall be stamped as filed on the date such action was taken in the bottom right hand corner. Although the filed outline may be referred to as an approved outline, approval for filing constitutes no endorsement by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of such biological product or the methods and procedures used to prepare such biological product.
(c) One copy of the Outline of Production shall be retained by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and one copy returned to the licensee or permittee.
(d) Each licensee shall review each Outline of Production for accuracy and sufficiency not less frequently than once a year. Revisions necessary to bring an Outline of Production into compliance with the regulations shall be submitted to Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
(e) When a list of licensed products to be continued in production at a licensed establishment is requested by the Administrator in accordance with §102.5(d) of this subchapter, the licensee shall supplement the list with information for each product as follows:
(1) The Outline of Production currently being used shall be identified as to the date when last revised and filed with Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the date of the last review made by the licensee.
(2) The Outline of Production to be kept in the active file shall be designated. If more than one has been filed for a product, only the Outline of Production currently being used shall be included.
(f) The Administrator may, upon the basis of information not available to him at the time the current Outline of Production for a biological product was filed, object to the methods or procedures being used in the preparation of such biological product and notify the licensee to modify the filed Outline of Production to eliminate such objections. If the licensee does not comply with the notice, the Administrator may, after affording opportunity for a hearing to the licensee, suspend the product license for the biological product involved; in which case, the licensee shall not prepare such product until subsequent notice of withdrawal of the suspension is given to the licensee.
[39 FR 16869, May 10, 1974, as amended at 48 FR 57473, Dec. 30, 1983; 56 FR 66784, Dec. 26, 1991; 75 FR 20773, Apr. 21, 2010]
(a) General requirements. (1) All copies of each Outline of Production or special outline or revised pages of either shall be prepared on heavy paper (8.5″ × 11″) of a type receptive to permanent stamp ink.
(3) The pages shall be numbered in the upper center. At least 11⁄2 inch margin shall be left at the top of the first page and a 2 inch margin at the bottom of each page for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service stamp.
(7) Transmittal forms shall be used for the original and subsequent revisions. Transmittal forms are available on the Internet at (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal__health/vet__biologics/vb__forms.shtml).
(b) Special outline. An outline describing the preparation of a component of a biological product or an operation performed in the preparation of a biological product may be required if such special outline could be referred to in Outlines of Production to eliminate repetition. Each special outline shall be identified by number and shall not be used until accepted and filed by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
[39 FR 16869, May 10, 1974, as amended at 48 FR 57473, Dec. 30, 1983; 56 FR 20124, May 2, 1991; 56 FR 66784, Dec. 26, 1991; 75 FR 20773, Apr. 21, 2010]
Antibiotics are authorized for use as preservatives for biological products if used within the limitations as to kinds and amounts prescribed in this section.
(a) When an antibiotic or combination of antibiotics, with or without a fungistat is to be used in the preparation of a biological product, the kind(s) and amount(s) of each shall be specified in the outline for such product in such a way that the concentration in the final product may be calculated. Except as may be approved by the Administrator, only those individual antibiotics or combinations of antibiotics listed in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section shall be used.
(b) Permitted individual antibiotics:
(1) The antibiotic level of a specified individual antibiotic in one ml. of a biological product, when prepared as recommended for use, shall not exceed the amounts listed in this paragraph: Provided, That in the case a desiccated biological product is to be used with an indefinite quantity of water or other menstruum, the determination shall be based on 30 ml. per 1,000 dose vial or equivalent.
(2) Except as prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, only one antibiotic shall be used as a preservative in a biological product. The kind and maximum amount per ml. of such antibiotic shall be restricted to:
Amphotericin B 2.5 mcg.
Nystatin (Mycostatin) 30.0 units
Tetracyclines 30.0 mcg.
Penicillin 30.0 units
Streptomycin 30.0 mcg.
Polymyxin B 30.0 mcg.
Neomycin 30.0 mcg.
Gentamicin 30.0 mcg.
(c) Permitted combinations:
(1) Penicillin and streptomycin.
(2) Either amphotericin B or nystatin, but not both, may be used with one of the other antibiotics listed in paragraph (b) of this section, or with a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, or with a combination of polymyxin B and neomycin.
(3) The maximum amount of each antibiotic in a combination shall be the amount prescribed for such antibiotic in paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Antibiotics used in virus seed stock purification are not restricted as to kind or amounts provided carryover into the final product is controlled and specified in outlines of production.
[39 FR 16869, May 10, 1974, as amended at 56 FR 66784, Dec. 26, 1991]
Biological products at licensed establishments must be protected at all times against improper storage and handling. Completed product must be kept under refrigeration at 35 to 46 °F (2 to 8 °C), unless the inherent nature of the product makes storage at different temperatures advisable, in which case, the proper storage temperature must be specified in the filed Outline of Production. All biological products to be shipped or delivered must be securely packed.
[81 FR 59436, Aug. 30, 2016]
Unless otherwise provided for in a Standard Requirement or filed Outline of Production, each serial or subserial of a biological product prepared in a licensed establishment shall be given an expiration date according to the dating period of the product when computed from a date no later than the date of the initiation of the first potency test of the serial or subserial. A licensed biological product shall be considered worthless under the Virus-Serum-Toxin Act after the expiration date appearing on the label.
[83 FR 11143, Mar. 14, 2018]
The following requirements do not apply to those biological products used for diagnostic purposes.
(a) Stability criteria. Stability criteria include the specifications for potency at release, potency throughout the dating period, and the length of the dating period.
(b) Stability study requirement. The dating period of each fraction of each product shall be confirmed by conducting a stability study.
(c) Licensure prior to completion of a stability study. Prior to licensure, the licensee shall propose a dating period for the product based on preliminary information available about the stability of each of its fractions. If the preliminary stability information is acceptable, the product may be licensed with the provision that the proposed dating period must be confirmed by conducting a real-time stability study with a stability-indicating potency assay that can detect changes over time in the potency of the product.
(d) Use of stability-indicating assay. Stability studies must be conducted with a stability-indicating assay, with the following exceptions:
(1) If the potency test specified in the filed Outline of Production of a licensed product is the one stated in the regulations, that potency test may be used in place of a stability-indicating assay for that fraction.
(2) If the initial confirmation of dating study of a product in development on April 13, 2018 has an approved potency assay, that assay may be used.
(e) Number of serials. At least three production serials of the product shall be selected for testing in the stability study.
(f) Testing sequences—(1) Initial test. The first test in the sequence shall be as close as practical to the day of filling into final containers or the date of final formulation if the potency of the product is tested in bulk form.
(2) Subsequent testing for in vitro assays. (i) One test every 3 months during the first year of storage;
(ii) One test every 6 months during the second year of storage; and
(iii) One test annually thereafter throughout the proposed dating period.
(3) Subsequent testing for in vivo assays. One test at the end of the proposed dating period.
(g) When to conduct a stability study. Stability studies must be conducted for the following:
(1) Newly licensed products whose dating has not been confirmed;
(2) Licensed products with confirmed dating but a major change to the product or to the potency test has occurred; and
(3) Licensed products with confirmed dating in which a change in one or more of the stability criteria is requested.
(h) Submitting data. At the completion of the real-time stability study to confirm or change the dating period, the data shall be submitted to Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for approval for filing and the approved for filing date shall be specified in section VI of the filed Outline of Production at the next revision.
(i) Monitoring stability of the product. For products licensed subsequent to April 13, 2018, the licensee or permittee shall submit a plan to monitor the stability of the product and the suitability of its dating period that includes regularly testing selected serials for potency during and at the end of dating.
(a) Unless otherwise provided for in a filed Outline of Production for the product, the expiration date shall not be extended:
(1) If all fractions of the product are not evaluated for potency by tests designated in the filed Outline of Production for such product in accordance with §113.4(b) of this subchapter.
(2) For any serial or portion of any serial which has left licensed premises: Provided, That product which has been shipped from one licensed premises to another licensed premises shall be exempt from this requirement.
(3) For a serial or portion of a serial if the expiration date has been extended previously, unless otherwise authorized in accordance with §114.1.
(b) An extension of the expiration date may be granted by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service if a request from the licensee is substantiated by valid test data which demonstrate the potency of the product meets or exceeds the requirements for release. The new expiration date shall be calculated from the date the latest satisfactory potency test was initiated. The extension of the expiration date shall not exceed the maximum dating allowed in the filed Outline of Production.
(1) Serials are approved for redating under the condition that Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service may require the firm to retest the redated serial for potency during the extended dating period and if found unsatisfactory require it be removed from the market by the licensee.
[50 FR 24903, June 14, 1985, as amended at 56 FR 66784, Dec. 26, 1991]
All biological products found to be unsatisfactory for marketing, all biological products which have become worthless subsequent to the expiration date, all refuse, other materials deemed unsatisfactory for production purposes, all carcasses (part or whole) of production or test animals, and any undesirable byproducts of manufacture shall be disposed of as may be required by the Administrator.
[41 FR 44687, Oct. 12, 1976, as amended at 56 FR 66784, Dec. 26, 1991]
A serial or subserial of a biological product may be produced jointly by a licensee and one or more subsidiaries, or by two or more subsidiaries. The exact amount of each serial or subserial credited to each participating producer shall be determined at the time of labeling and packaging and shall be noted in the records for such serial or subserial.
[40 FR 46093, Oct. 6, 1975]
The Administrator may authorize the rebottling of a completed product in liquid form subject to the conditions prescribed in this section.
(a) All or part of a serial which has not left the licensed establishment may be aseptically returned to the mixing tank, thoroughly mixed, and rebottled in new final containers.
(b) The rebottled product shall be adequately identified by serial number or subserial number, as the case may be.
(c) Required purity tests for final container samples of the product shall be conducted on new samples selected from the rebottled product (serial or subserials). Rebottled product found to be unsatisfactory by such tests shall not be released.
(d) New test samples from each serial or subserial and copies of test reports of all tests conducted on the rebottled product shall be submitted to Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
(e) The licensee shall not release the rebottled product unless notified by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service that such product is eligible for release. Production records shall show the results of all tests conducted and shall accurately reflect the actions taken.
The Administrator may authorize a licensee to reprocess a serial of completed product subject to the conditions prescribed in this section.
(a) Reprocessing shall not include any method or procedure which would be deleterious to the product.
(b) All appropriate tests for purity, safety, potency, and efficacy for the product shall be conducted on the reprocessed product. A serial found unsatisfactory by a required test shall not be released.
(c) The reprocessed serial shall be identified by a new serial number and the records for the serial shall accurately reflect the action taken.
(d) Test samples of the reprocessed serial and test reports for all tests conducted shall be submitted to Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The licensee shall not release the serial until notified by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service that the serial is eligible for release.
[50 FR 24904, June 15, 1985, as amended at 56 FR 66784, Dec. 26, 1991]