Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/ES2241787T3/en
Timestamp: 2020-01-27 06:11:28
Document Index: 448579035

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 94', 'art 92', 'art 92', 'art 92', 'art 94', 'art 94', 'art 286', 'art 286', 'art 286', 'art 92', 'art 94', 'art 70', 'artz 180', 'arts 480', 'art.\n18']

ES2241787T3 - Rejuvenation of fabrics. - Google Patents
Rejuvenation of fabrics.
ES2241787T3
ES2241787T3 ES01905980T ES01905980T ES2241787T3 ES 2241787 T3 ES2241787 T3 ES 2241787T3 ES 01905980 T ES01905980 T ES 01905980T ES 01905980 T ES01905980 T ES 01905980T ES 2241787 T3 ES2241787 T3 ES 2241787T3
ES01905980T
2000-02-22 Priority to GB0004179 priority Critical
2000-02-22 Priority to GB0004179A priority patent/GB0004179D0/en
2001-02-22 Application filed by Rhytec Ltd filed Critical Rhytec Ltd
2005-11-01 Publication of ES2241787T3 publication Critical patent/ES2241787T3/en
A tissue rejuvenation system comprising: a surgical instrument having a first and a second electrode separated from each other, and, connected with the electrodes, a gas conduit for carrying gas to the electrodes to thereby allow the gas to pass between the electrodes, the first electrode being located inside the gas conduit, and terminating the gas conduit in a plasma outlet nozzle, and a radio frequency power generator connected to the electrodes of the instrument and arranged to supply radio power frequency to the electrodes in an isolated or series treatment pulse to create a plasma between the electrodes from the gas supplied through the conduit, the pulses having a duration in the range of 2 ms to 100 ms.
This invention relates to the rejuvenation of tissues, for example, skin rejuvenation, or the rejuvenation or removal of tissue located within, by example, the alimentary canal, respiratory tract, vessels blood, uterus or urethra.
Human skin has two main layers: the epidermis, which is the outer layer and typically has a thickness of approximately 120 µ in the area of the face; and the dermis, which is typically 20 to 30 times thicker than the epidermis, and contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, nerve endings and thin blood capillaries In volume, the dermis is formed predominantly by protein collagen.
A common goal of many procedures cosmetic surgery is to improve the appearance of the skin of a patient. For example, a desirable clinical effect in the field of cosmetic surgery is to provide an improvement in the texture of the aged skin and give it a more youthful appearance. These effects can be achieved by removing part of the epidermis or of its totality, and sometimes on the part of the dermis, what causes the growth of a new epidermis that has the desired properties In addition, the skin often contains tissue scar, whose appearance is considered by some people as harmful to its appeal. The cutaneous structure that originates the Scar tissue typically forms in the dermis. Eliminating the epidermis in a selected area and remodeling the tissue scarring in the dermis is possible to improve the appearance of certain types of scars such as scars left by acne. The tissue removal procedure epidermal, and possibly dermal, is known as skin rejuvenation or dermabrasion.
A known technique to achieve skin rejuvenation includes mechanical tissue removal by means of, for example, an abrasive disk. Another technique is known as chemical peel, and involves the application of a corrosive chemical on the surface of the epidermis, for eliminate epidermal cells, and possibly dermal. Other technique more is laser skin rejuvenation. Lasers are used to emit a controlled amount of energy to the epidermis. This energy is absorbed by the epidermis, which causes necrosis of epidermal cells Necrosis can occur as a result of the absorption of energy that causes an increase in the temperature of the water from the cells to a level at which the cells die, or well, depending on the frequency of the laser light used, the energy can be absorbed by molecules inside the cells of the epidermis in a way in which their dissociation. This molecular dissociation kills the cells, and how side effect also causes an increase in the temperature of the skin.
Typically, during rejuvenation by laser a laser beam is directed to a given area of treatment of the skin for a short period of time (typically less than one millisecond). This can be achieved, either by emitting laser pulses, or well moving the laser continuously and fast enough as so that the laser beam affects only a given area of the skin for a predetermined period of time. They can be done several passes on the surface of the skin, and usually the Dead skin remains are removed from the skin between the passes. Between Lasers currently used for dermabrasion include the CO2 laser and the Erbio-YAG laser. The mechanisms by which the tissue absorbs energy, causing its death, and the resulting clinical effects obtained, such as the tissue necrosis depth and margin magnitude thermal (i.e. the region surrounding the treated area that undergo a tissue modification as a result of the heat absorption) vary between one type of laser and another. Do not However, basically the various treatments they provide these lasers can be considered as a single type of therapeutic procedure in which a laser is used to communicate energy to kill something or part of the epidermis (and, depending on the goal of treatment, possibly part of the dermis), with the objective of originating the growth of a new epidermis that has an improved appearance, and also, possibly, the stimulation of a New growth of collagen in the dermis.
Among other references of the prior art of interest for the present invention, by way of background, is include documents US 3,699,967 (Anderson), US 3,903,891 (Brayshaw), US 4,040,426 (Morrison), US 5,669,904, WO 95/0759, WO 95/26686 and WO 98/35618.
The present invention provides a solution. different from known skin rejuvenation techniques.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a tissue rejuvenation system comprises: an instrument surgical that has a separate first and second electrode each other, and, connected to the electrodes, a gas conduit for bring gas to the electrodes to allow the gas to pass between the electrodes, the first electrode being located in the inside the gas conduit, and terminating the gas conduit in a plasma outlet nozzle; and a radio power generator frequency connected to the electrodes of the instrument and arranged to supply radio frequency power to the electrodes in isolated or series treatment pulses to create a plasma between the electrodes from the gas supplied through the conduit, the pulses having durations in the range of 2 ms to 100 ms.
The application of a gas electric field to create the plasma can take place at any suitable frequency, including the application of standard electrosurgical frequencies in the 500 kHz region or the use of microwave frequencies in the 2450 MHz region, this having the advantage that the voltages suitable for obtaining plasma are more easily obtained in A complete structure. The plasma can start or "turn on" at a frequency, after which the optimum plasma power transfer can take place at a different frequency
In one embodiment it is applied to the electrode a radio frequency oscillatory voltage to create a electric field that oscillates to the same extent, and the power transferred to plasma is controlled by detecting the reflected power from the electrodes (which provides an indication of the fraction of the output power from the output device of power that has been transferred to the plasma), and adjusting the frequency of oscillatory voltage to the same extent. As the frequency of the oscillatory output of the generator approximates the resonance frequency of the set containing the electrodes (which is affected by the presence of plasma), the potency transferred to plasma increases, and vice versa.
Preferably, in this embodiment, applies a dipolar electric field to the gas between a pair of electrodes of the instrument that are connected to output terminals Opposites of the power output device.
The gas used is preferably non-toxic, and more preferably, easily biocompatible to allow its natural secretion or expulsion from the patient's body. The dioxide of Carbon is one of the preferred gases, since the human body automatically removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream during breathing In addition, a plasma created from dioxide carbon is hotter (though harder to create) than a plasma of, for example, argon, and in most operating rooms the Carbon dioxide is readily available. I also know You can use nitrogen or even air.
In an embodiment particularly preferred, the gas conduit is an elongated conduit that extends from a gas inlet to an outlet nozzle and that It has a heat-resistant dielectric wall, the second electrode is located on an outer surface of the wall dielectric, or adjacent to it, aligned with the first electrode, and an electric conductor element electric field concentrator located inside the duct and between the first and second electrode.
In such an instrument, the gas pressure in the inside the duct can force the plasma out through the nozzle in a first direction, and the electrodes may be separated at least in the first direction.
In the dependent claims that Other preferred features are attached. The system that described below has the advantage of being able to produce a rapid treatment on the surface of the tissue while minimizes unwanted effects, for example thermal effects, at a depth greater than required.
The invention allows skin rejuvenation of at least one patient's epidermis using a surgical system comprising an instrument that has an electrode connected to a power output device, comprising the procedure The stages of: operating the power output device to create an electric field in the electrode zone; run a gas flow through the electric field, and generate, under the interaction of the electric field with the gas, a plasma; control the power transferred to the plasma from the electric field; lead the plasma on the tissue for a period of time predetermined, and vaporize at least a part of the epidermis to consequence of the heat supplied to the epidermis from the plasma.
The invention also provides a system of tissue rejuvenation in which the generator includes a controller that works to control the pulse width of the treatment so that they have a predetermined width. The controller is preferably arranged to adjust the pulse width of the treatment generating corresponding control pulses that they supply a radio frequency power stage of the generator to alter the output level of the power stage from a substantially stable level to an output level of predetermined power, preferably constant, during periods of equal time each at a demanded pulse width, so a gaseous plasma is produced during such periods of time. He controller can adjust the time periods and / or the level of power to produce regulated pulses of treatment for the instrument each having a total energy content predetermined.
It is possible, within the scope of the invention, Modulate the radio frequency power output (modulation of 100% or less) within each treatment pulse.
Widths of the treatment pulse of 2 ms to 100 ms, and are preferably within the range of 3 ms at 50 ms, and more preferably from 4 ms to 30 ms. In the event that it supplied by series, the treatment pulses may have a repetition frequency from 0.5 Hz to 10 Hz or 15 Hz, preferably from 1 Hz to 6 Hz.
In the preferred instrument there is a wall solid dielectric between the electrodes, formed from a material that has a relative dielectric constant greater than the unit (preferably of the order of 5 or higher). Advantageously, the gas conduit is formed at least in part as a tube dielectric of such material, the electrode comprising an electrode internal inside the tube and a coaxial external electrode surrounding the tube.
The preferred system is a surgical system that comprises a power output device that generates a signal output at an output terminal, a controller capable of receiving input signals from a user and control the power output device accordingly, an instrument which has at least one electrode connected to the output terminal of the generator through a power structure, a supply of gas and another feeding structure to carry the gas from the supply to the instrument. The performance It comprises the steps of: receiving input signals from a user, and run the controller to determine, to from the user's input signals, the way in which control the power output device; run the power output device to supply a voltage to the minus one, electrode, to thereby create an electric field in the electrode zone; pass gas through the electric field, and create a plasma from the gas, by virtue of the intensity of the electric field; and control the power output device, according to the user's input signals to the controller, to control the power supplied to the plasma. The controller It can work to control the power output device to supply the plasma with a predetermined energy level, and The controller can also control the gas flow rate Through the electric field.
The gas preferably comprises molecules that They have at least two atoms.
A surgical system is also described for its use in tissue rejuvenation comprising: an interface of user who receives input signals from a user, relating to the desired operation of the system; a device of power output that generates an output voltage signal in a output terminal; a gas supply; an instrument that has an electrode connected to the output terminal of the device power output to thereby allow the generation of a electric field in the electrode zone when the power output device to produce an output voltage at the output terminal, the instrument also being connected with the gas supply and further comprising a conduit for run the gas from the supply through the electric field in the electrode zone to create a plasma; and a controller that is connected to the user interface and the output device of power, the controller being adapted to receive and process signals from the user interface and to control, based on the user interface signals, the supply of energy from the plasma power output device. He controller may also be adapted to control the period of time over which power is supplied to the plasma.
The user interface signals transmitted from the user interface to the controller can be related to a total amount of energy to be Supply in the plasma. The system may also comprise a gas flow regulator connected to the controller, the controller further adapted to control the flow rate of the gas from the supply. The controller can receive signals from feedback indicative of the power supplied to the plasma.
The power output device can include a tunable oscillator, and the controller being connected to the oscillator to tune the oscillator based on feedback signals indicative of the attenuated power inside of the instrument. Typically, the oscillator output frequency It is in the band 2400 to 2500 MHz.
In an embodiment of the invention, the surgical instrument has a pair of electrodes connected to respective output terminals of the output device of power and that are part of a first resonant set that resonates at a predetermined frequency, and a second pair of electrodes connected to respective output terminals of the power output device and that are part of a second resonant set that also resonates at frequency default; a gas supply that supplies gas to the field electric oscillator located between the first pair of electrodes, and to the electric field located between the second pair of electrodes; at that the first resonant mechanism resonates with the predetermined frequency before the formation of a plasma at from the gas, and the second resonant set resonates at the predetermined frequency after the generation of a plasma. In such a system, the first pair of electrodes may comprise a internal electrode and an external electrode that extends so substantially coaxial with, and around the internal electrode, and the second pair of electrodes may comprise another internal electrode and said external electrode. The system can work in such a way that, during the resonance of the first resonant structure, create a potential difference between the internal electrode and the another internal electrode, and the plasma is initially switched on between the internal electrode and the other external electrode as a result of The potential difference.
The instrument may comprise a mechanism of voltage transformation that provides a voltage rise output of the power output device, and supply the high voltage across the electrodes to intensify that mode the electric field located between the electrodes. In such a system the voltage transformation mechanism may comprise a structure inside the instrument that has a frequency resonance within the bandwidth of the oscillatory output of radio frequency The resonant structure may comprise at least a piece of transmission line that has a length equal to one quarter wavelength of the oscillatory output signal of the power output device.
The instrument can also include: a pair of electrodes; a connector connectable to a structure of supply, to thereby allow the electrodes to carry a signal from the generator; and at least a first section of the transmission line electrically connected to the electrodes and to the feeding structure, having the section of the line of transmission an electrical length substantially equal to a quarter wavelength of an electromagnetic wave that has a frequency in the range of 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz. This instrument it can also comprise a second section of transmission line electrically connected to the connector and the first section of the transmission, the other section of transmission line having a electrical length substantially equal to the length of the first section of transmission line, in which the impedances characteristics of the first and second section of line transmission are different, forming the first and second tranches of transmission line an impedance matching set between a relatively low characteristic impedance of a structure power supply that can be connected to the instrument through the connector and a relatively high impedance electrical load provided by a plasma formed between the electrodes.
A surgical instrument is also provided. comprising a pair of electrodes separated from each other; a connector to connect an electrical signal transmitted from a structure supply to the electrodes to allow the creation of an electric field between the electrodes; an opening of gas intake; a gas conduit to carry gas from the opening of admission opening of admission to the electrodes to let from that way the gas passes between the electrodes to allow creation of a plasma between the electrodes when a field is applied electric between them; and an opening in the instrument through which can expel the plasma under the pressure of the passing gas along the gas conduit.
In the case of a surgical instrument that has a first and a second pair of electrodes, the electrodes of each pair can be connected to different output terminals of a power output device that generates an output signal oscillatory electric The power output device is made function to apply an oscillatory electrical signal to the first and to the second pair of electrodes, which causes the resonance of a resonant assembly, of which the first pair forms at least one part of electrodes; create, by virtue of resonance, a difference of potential and, thus, an electric field between an electrode of the first pair of electrodes and an electrode of the second pair of electrodes; pass a gas through the electric field and, under the interaction between the electric field and the gas, form a plasma. The electrodes between which the electric field is created can connect both to the same output terminal of the device power output Generally, the formation of a plasma results in to a change in the electrical characteristics of the second pair of electrodes, so that they are at least a part of another set resonant that resonates at the signal frequency of oscillatory electrical output, then also comprising the procedure the stage after the formation of a plasma, of cause the resonance of the other resonant set to create a electric field with sufficient intensity between the second pair of electrodes to maintain plasma, and supply power to plasma from the oscillatory output signal.
The operation of the instrument may include: operate the power output device to apply an electrical signal oscillating to the first pair of electrodes; Apply the oscillatory electrical output signal to the first pair of electrodes; cause the resonance of a first resonant set of which the first pair of electrodes is part, and create a field electrical during the resonance of the first resonant set; do pass gas through the electric field, and form a plasma under of the interaction between the electric field and the gas; later to the formation of a plasma, apply the electrical output signal oscillate to the second pair of electrodes and cause resonance of a second resonant set of which the second pair of electrodes, and keep the plasma supplying signal power of oscillatory output to the plasma through the second pair of electrodes The oscillatory output signal can remain substantially constant. The first and second pair of electrodes they can be different, or they can have an electrode common to both. He electric field is preferably formed between the first pair of electrodes, but can be formed between an electrode of the first pair of electrodes and an electrode of the second pair of electrodes, in whose case, the electric field can be formed between two electrodes, both connected to the same output terminal of the output device of power.
The plasma produced by means of Preferred embodiments of the invention can be used to cause necrosis of live epidermal cells and vaporization of dead epidermal cells, and, if required, to produce Effects on the dermis
Now, embodiments of the invention by way of example and in reference to the attached drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating the underlying principle of a surgical system for skin rejuvenation according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a surgical instrument for use in a system according to the present invention;
Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a generator used together with the instrument of figs. 2 and 3;
Figure 5 is a graph showing the power reflected according to the operating frequency;
Figure 6 is a cross section that shows a modification of part of the instrument shown in figure 3;
Figure 7 is a schematic drawing of another generator, which includes a magnetron;
Figure 8 is a block diagram detailed of a generator that includes a magnetron;
Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a generator inverter of figure 8;
Figure 10 is a graph illustrating the ignition characteristics of the magnetron in the generator figure 8;
Figure 11 is a block diagram of a external power control loop of the generator of the figure 8;
Figure 12 is a block diagram of the intermediate and internal power control loops of the generator figure 8;
Figure 13 is a cross section of a UHF insulator that is part of the generator of Figure 8;
Figure 14 is a section through a shape of realization of an instrument suitable for use with the generator of figure 7;
Figure 15 is a graph of the power reflected against the frequency for the instrument of figure 14 when used with the generator of figure 7;
Figure 16 is a section through another embodiment of the instrument;
Figure 18 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the instrument;
Figure 19 is a perspective view in section of another instrument; Y
Figure 20 is a longitudinal section of part of the instrument of figure 19.
Now the principle of operation of the embodiments of the invention, in reference to figure 1. A surgical system comprises a generator 4 that includes a power output 6, typically in form of an oscillator and an amplifier, or a device of thermionic power, and a user interface 8 and a controller 10. The generator produces an output that connects to an electrode 14 of an instrument 16 through a feeding structure which includes a cable 12. The system also includes a supply of gas 18, which is supplied to the instrument by means of a tube 20. The gas is preferably a gas that allows the fabric to be supplied with relatively high energy per unit of energy supplied to the gas on the instrument The gas should preferably include a gas diatomic (or a gas that has more than two atoms), for example, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air. In practice, the generator works to establish an electric field in the area of the tip 22 of the electrode. The gas passes from supply 18 through the electric field. If the field is strong enough, it will have the effect of accelerating free electrons enough to cause collisions with gas molecules, the consequence of which will be the dissociation of one or more electrons from the gas molecules to create gaseous ions, or the excitation of electrons in molecules of gas at higher energy states, or the dissociation of molecules in their constituent atoms, or the excitation of vibratory states of gaseous molecules. The result in macroscopic terms is the creation of a plasma 24 that is hot. Energy is released from the plasma by means of a recombination of electrons and ions to form atoms or molecules Neutral charge and relaxation at lower energy states from higher energy states. Such release of energy includes the emission of electromagnetic radiation, for example, in light form, with a characteristic spectrum of the gas used. The plasma temperature depends on the nature of the gas and the amount of power supplied to the gas from the electric field (that is, the amount of energy transferred to a given amount of gas).
In the preferred embodiment, a low temperature plasma in nitrogen. This one is also known in the technique like Lewis-Rayleigh Afterglow and the plasma energy storage is dominated by vibratory states of the gas molecule and the elevated states of electrons still bound to molecules (known as "states metastable "due to its relatively short life before decay to a lower energy state).
In this state, the plasma will react with ease, that is, it will give up energy due to collision with others molecules The plasma emits a characteristic yellow / orange light with a main wavelength of approximately 580 nm.
The relatively durable states of plasma they are an advantage, since plasma still contains useful amounts of energy at the time it reaches the tissue to be treated.
The resulting plasma is directed outward from an open end of the instrument and towards a patient's tissue, to cause the modification or partial or total elimination of the same.
After the impact, the nitrogen plasma penetrates a short distance into the tissue and rapidly decays to a Low energy state to achieve balance with its surroundings. Energy is transferred through collisions (thus heating the tissue) and the emission of electromagnetic energy with a spectrum that typically extends from 250 (yellow light) to 2500 nm (light infrared) The electromagnetic energy is absorbed by the tissue with the consequent heating.
When the system is used for the purpose of effect skin rejuvenation, there are various effects of skin rejuvenation that can be achieved by application from a plasma to the skin, and different effects are achieved by providing different amounts of energy to the skin for different periods of time. The system works by generating a plasma in short pulses The various combinations of these parameters give place to different effects of skin rejuvenation. For example, applying a relatively high pulse power extremely short (that is, for an extremely short period of time) virtual vaporization of an upper layer will be obtained of the epidermis (that is, dissociation into tiny fragments, which in this situation are normally suspended in the air). He High power supply results in tissue vaporization, while the short period of time during which it is supplied energy prevents deeper penetration of tissue damage thermally induced To supply high levels of power to tissue, a high temperature plasma is required, and this can Obtain by supplying energy at a high level at a given amount of gas (i.e. high energy for a short period of time, or high power) from the electric field. It should be noted that the plasma temperature decreases with increasing distance from the tip of the electrode, which means that the distance of Separation of the instrument from the skin surface will affect the temperature of the plasma that affects the skin and, therefore, to the energy supplied to the skin for a period of time dice. This is a skin rejuvenation treatment relatively superficial, but it has the advantage of having some extremely short healing times.
Supplying the skin with more power levels low but for longer periods of time you can get a deeper effect, caused by thermal modification and Final removal of a greater tissue thickness. With a level of lower power and thus a lower power supply index instant vaporization of the tissue is substantially avoided, but the longest period of time during which it is supplied power results in a greater net energy supply to the tissue and to deeper thermal effects on the tissue. The resulting blistering of the skin and subsequent necrosis have place for a substantially longer period of time than in the case of a superficial treatment. Skin rejuvenation that penetrates deeper, which can lead to staged procedure whereby several are performed "passes" on the tissue in order to expose to the plasma an area of skin given twice or more, can penetrate to a depth enough to cause collagen denaturation of the dermis This may have application in the removal or scar tissue remodeling (such as that caused by the acne, for example), and in wrinkle reduction. also can achieve epilation of the skin surface.
The systems and procedures of this invention may also be used to debride wounds or ulcers, or in the treatment of various skin or dermatological disorders, which include: malignant tumors (with an influence on the skin both primary and secondary); wine stains of Port; telangiectasia; granulomas; adenomas; hemangioma; injuries pigmented; nevi; hyperplastic, proliferative fibrous papules and inflammatory; rhinophyma; seborrheic keratosis; lymphocytoma; angiofibromas; warts neurofibromas; condylomas; keloids or hypertrophic scar tissue.
The system and procedures of this invention also have application in many other disorders, and to in this respect, the ability to vary the depth of the effect over the tissue in a very controlled way is particularly advantageous For example, in a surface treatment mode, surfaces of other body tissues other than the skin, including the lining of the oropharynx, tracts respiratory and gastrointestinal in which it is desirable to eliminate superficial lesions such as leukoplakia (an injury superficial precancerous that is often found in the oropharynx), while minimizing damage to structures underlying. In addition, the peritoneal surface of the organs and structures inside the abdomen may constitute a site for Abnormal implantation of endometrial tissue derived from the uterus. This is often made up of surface plates that also they can be treated using the apparatus of the invention in a manner of surface treatment If such injuries affect layers of fabric, these can be treated by multiple applications using the invention or in which the depth of the effect on the fabric can be adjusted using the included control elements within the invention and which are described in more detail in the present document
Using an agreement system or procedure with the invention with a configuration designed to achieve a deeper effect, structures can be treated or modified of the tissue located below the surface layer. Such modification may include the contraction of the tissue it contains collagen that is often found in tissue layers located by under the surface layer. The system depth control allows to treat vital structures without, for example, causing structure perforation. Such structures may include parts of the intestine whose volume you want to reduce as, by example, in a gastropexy (reduction of stomach volume), or in cases where the intestine includes abnormal herniations or diverticulars Such structures may also include blood vessels that have been abnormally distended by a aneurysm or varicosities, the common sites being the artery aorta, vessels of the brain or superficial veins of the leg. Apart from these vital structures, they can also be modified musculoskeletal structures that have Tense or relaxed. A hiatus hernia occurs when a part of the stomach passes through the diaphragm crura, which, for example, could be modified using the instrument in such a way that the opening through which the stomach has to pass narrow to a point where this does not happen through contraction the crura Hernias from other areas of the body can be similarly, even modifying structures that contain collagen and surrounding the weakness through which the herniation Such hernias include inguinal and other hernias. abdominal hernias, but not limited to them.
Now diverse will be described in more detail embodiments of the system for the rejuvenation of tissue. Referring to figures 2 and 3, an instrument of skin rejuvenation 16 has an external axis 30 that has a connector 26 at its proximal end, by means of which it can connect the instrument to the output terminals of a generator (described in more detail in reference to Figure 4), normally through a flexible cable, as shown in the Figure 1. The instrument also receives a nitrogen supply in the intake opening 32, which is initially supplied at along an annular conduit 34 formed between the axis 30 and a piece of coaxial power cable 40, and subsequently, through the openings 36 along other sections of the annular conduit 38A and 38B. The sections 38A, 38B of the annular duct are formed between a conductive sleeve 50, which is connected to external conductor 44 of the coaxial power cable, and conductive elements 52 and 54 respectively that are connected to the internal conductor 42 of the coaxial power cable 40. At the distal end of the duct annul 38B the gas becomes a plasma under the influence of a high intensity oscillatory electric field E between an electrode needle-shaped inside 60 provided by the distal end of the conductive element 54, and a second external electrode 70 provided by a part of the sleeve 50 that is adjacent and coextensive with needle electrode 60. The resulting plasma 72 exits through an opening 80 formed in a ceramic disk 82 in the distal end of the instrument, largely under the influence of the pressure of the nitrogen supply; serving nature disc insulator 82 to reduce or avoid a preferred arc between electrodes 60 and 70.
The internal electrode 60 is connected to one of the generator output terminals through the elements conductors 52, 54 and internal conductor 42 of the structure of coaxial power, and external electrode 70 is connected to the another generator output terminal through the sleeve conductor 50 and external conductor 44 of the structure of coaxial power 40. (Waveguides can also be used as feeding structure). The intensity of the electric field between they therefore oscillate at the generator output frequency, which In this embodiment it is in the 2450 MHz region. To generate a plasma from nitrogen gas, a high intensity electric field. In this regard, the relatively pointed configuration of the needle electrode 60 help in creating such a field, because in the area of the tip accumulates a charge, which has the effect of increasing the field strength in that area. However, the creation of a High intensity electric field requires a large difference of potential between internal electrode 60 and external electrode 70 and, in general terms, the magnitude of the potential difference necessary to create such a field increases with increasing electrode separation. The intensity of the electric field necessary to light a plasma from nitrogen (and create thus a plasma) is in the 3 MNewton region by coulomb of charge, which translated into a uniform potential difference, equals approximately a potential difference of 3 kV between separate conductors a distance of 1 mm. On the instrument illustrated in figure 2, the separation between the electrode internal 60 and external 70 is approximately 3 mm, so that if the field were uniform, the voltage necessary to achieve the Necessary field strength would be approximately 10 kV. Without However, the geometry of electrode 60 is such that it concentrates load in areas of the conductor that have a small curvature that thereby intensifies the areas of the electric field adjacent to such conductors and reduces the magnitude of the potential difference which must be supplied to the electrodes to create a field with the necessary force However, in practice it is not necessarily desirable to supply the electrodes 60, 70 with a difference of potential with sufficient magnitude directly from the generator, because the insulator of the feed structure used to connect the generator output to electrodes 60, 70 may be prone to electric shocks through the isolation.
In the embodiment described above referring to figures 1 to 3, the output voltage of the generator is preferably of the order of 100V. To get a high enough voltage across electrodes 60, 70 to light a plasma, it is therefore necessary to provide a upward or upward transformation of the voltage supplied by the generator One way to achieve this is to create a structure resonant incorporating electrodes 60, 70. If a output signal from the generator to the resonant structure (and, for both, to the electrodes) at a frequency that is equal to or similar to its resonance frequency, the resulting resonance provides a multiplication of the generator output signal voltage a through electrodes 60, 70 whose magnitude is determined by the geometry of the structure, the materials used in the structure (for example, dielectric materials), and the impedance of a load. In this instrument, the structure resonant is provided with a combination of two sets of impedance adaptation 92, 94 whose function and operation is will describe in more detail later.
The use of a resonant structure constitutes a way of providing a sufficiently high voltage across the electrodes 60, 70 to light a plasma. However, for the instrument is effective, it is necessary for the generator to supply the it captures a predetermined and controllable power level, since this affects the extent to which nitrogen is converted to plasma, which in turn affects the energy that can be supplied to the tissue in the form of heat. In addition, it is desirable to have a transmission Efficient power from generator to load provided by plasma. As mentioned above, the generator output frequency in the present example is found in the frequency band of the HF (UHF), and is in the 2450 MHz region, this being a frequency whose use is allowed for surgical purposes by the ISM legislation. At frequencies of this magnitude, it is appropriate consider the transmission of electrical signals as the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the context of such a surgical system, and the feeding structures for their effective propagation adopt the shape of coaxial or waveguide transmission lines.
In the instrument of figure 2, the cable coaxial 40 provides the power structure of the line transmission from generator 4 to instrument 16. The internal and external conductors 42, 44 of the structure of coaxial power 40 are spaced apart by an element annular dielectric 46. To provide a power transmission efficient from the generator output using a line of transmission, the generator's internal impedance is ideally the same at the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. At In this example, the generator's internal impedance is 50 \ Omega, and the characteristic impedance of coaxial cable 40 is also 50 \ Omega. The load provided to the generator before turning on the Plasma is of the order of 5K \ Omega. Because of this big difference from impedance between the generator impedance and the structure of supply on the one hand, and the load on the other, the supply of power to the load directly from the structure of power will result in considerable power losses (it is that is, power output from the generator that is not supplied to the charge) due to the reflections of the electromagnetic waves in the interconnection between the feeding structure and the load. Thus, it is not preferable to simply connect the internal conductors and external 42, 44 of coaxial cable 40 to electrodes 60, 70 due to The resulting losses. To compensate for these losses it is necessary adapt the relatively low impedance characteristic of cable 40 and the relatively high load impedance, and in the present form This is achieved by connecting the load to the structure of power (whose characteristic impedance is equal to the generator impedance) through an impedance transformer provided by two sections 92, 94 of transmission line that they have different characteristic impedances to provide a transition between the low impedance characteristic of the structure Coaxial power and high load impedance. The adaptation structure 92 has an internal conductor provided by the conductive element 52, which has a relatively diameter large, and is separated from an external conductor provided by the conductive sleeve 50 by means of two dielectric separators 56. As can be seen from Figure 2, the separation between the internal and external conductors 52, 50 is relatively small, to consequence of which the adaptation structure 92 has a relatively low characteristic impedance (in the region of 8 \ Omega in this embodiment). The adaptation structure 94 has an internal conductor provided by the conduit element 54, and an external conductor provided by sleeve 50. The internal conductor provided by the conductive element 54 has a diameter considerably smaller than the conductive element 52, and the relatively large gap formed between the inner conductors and external 50, 54 gives rise to a characteristic impedance of the adaptation structure 94 relatively high (80 Ω).
Electrically, and when it is operational, the instrument can be conceived as if it were formed by four sections of different impedances connected in series; the impedance Z_ {F} of the power structure provided by coaxial cable 40, the impedance of the structure of transition provided by the two adaptation structures 92, 94 of the serially connected transmission line, which have impedances Z_ {92} and Z_ {94}, respectively, and the impedance Z_ {L} of the charge provided by the plasma that forms in the needle electrode zone 60. Where each of the sections 92, 94 of the adaptation structure has a length equal to one quarter wavelength at 2450 MHz, the following applies relationship between impedances when the impedance of the load and that of The feeding structure adapts:
Z_ {L} / Z_ {F} = Z_ {94} {} 2 / Z_ {92} {} 2
The impedance Z_ {L} of the load provided to the generator by plasma it is in the region of 5k \ Omega; the characteristic impedance Z_ {F} of coaxial cable 40 is 50 \ Omega, which means that the relationship Z_ {94} {2} / Z_ {92} <2> and thus Z_ {94} / Z_ {92} = 10. It has been found that the practical values are 80 \ Omega for Z_ {94}, the impedance of part 94 of the structure of adaptation, and 8 \ Omega for Z_ {92}, the impedance of part 92 of the adaptation structure.
The requirement that each of the structures adaptation 92, 94 have a length of a quarter of the length of Wave is an inherent part of the adaptation procedure. Its importance lies in the fact that in each of the interconnections between the different characteristic impedances will exist reflections of electromagnetic waves. Making the length of sections 92, 94 be a quarter wavelength, the reflections on, for example, the interconnection between the structure of coaxial power 40 and part 92 will be in contraphase with the reflections on the interconnection between part 92 and part 94, and therefore they will interfere destructively; the same applies to reflections on the interconnection between sections 92 and 94, by a part, and to the reflections on the interconnection between part 94 and the load, on the other. Destructive interference has the effect of minimize power losses due to the waves reflected in the interconnections between different impedances, provided that the net reflections of electromagnetic waves that have a nominal phase angle of 0 radians have the same intensity as net reflections that have a nominal phase angle of \ pi radians (condition that is satisfied by selecting values of impedance suitable for different sections 92, 94).
Referring now to Figure 4, a form of realization of a generator used together with the embodiment of the instrument described above comprises a source power supply 100, which receives a network input from alternating current and produces a constant dc voltage across a pair of output terminals 102, which are connected to a solid state power amplifier and fixed gain 104. The power amplifier 104 receives an input signal from a tunable oscillator 106 through a variable attenuator 108. The power amplifier 104, tunable oscillator 106, and the variable attenuator 108 can be conceived as a device for AC power output. Oscillation frequency control of the oscillator, and of the attenuator 108 is performed by means of voltages output V_ {tuning} and V_ {gain} coming from a controller 110 (whose operation will be described later in more detail) dependent on feedback signals, and input signals from a user interface 112. The amplifier output 104 passes through a circulator 114, and then neatly through directional couplers of output and return 116, 118 which, together with detectors 120, 122, provide an indication of the output power P_ {output} of the generator and the reflected power P_ {ref} back to the generator, respectively. The power reflected back to the generator passes through circulator 114 that directs the power reflected towards an attenuation resistor 124, whose impedance is chosen in a way that provides a good adaptation to the feeding structure 40 (ie 50 \ Omega). The resistance of attenuation has the function of dissipating the reflected power, and It does so by converting the reflected power into heat.
The controller 110 receives input signals I_ {user}, P_ {output}, P_ {ref}, G_ {flow} from the user interface, output power detectors and reflected 120, 122 and a gas flow regulator 130, respectively, the latter controlling the supply rate of nitrogen. Each of the input signals passes through a analog to digital converter 132 and heads towards a microprocessor 134. The microprocessor 134 operates, through a analog to digital converter 136 to control the value of three Output control parameters: V_ {tuning}, which controls the tuning output frequency of oscillator 106; V_ {gain}, which controls the degree of attenuation within the variable attenuator 108 and therefore, really, the gain of amplifier 104; and G_ {flow}, the gas flow rate at through the instrument, in order to optimize the system operation This optimization includes the tuning the output of oscillator 106 at the frequency of more efficient operation, that is, the frequency at which transfers more power to the plasma. The oscillator 106 can generate output signals over the entire ISM bandwidth from 2400 to 2500 MHz. To achieve frequency optimization of operation, after switching on the system, the microprocessor 134 adjusts the output V_ {gain} to make the attenuator reduce generator output power to a level extremely low, and scans the output voltage of frequency adjustment V_ {tuning} from its lowest level to higher, causing the oscillator to effect a swept through its output bandwidth of 100 MHz. microprocessor 134 records the reflected power values P_ {ref} along the entire bandwidth of the oscillator, and the Figure 5 illustrates a typical relationship between the output frequency of the generator and the reflected power P_ {ref}. From the Figure 5, it can be seen that the lowest power level reflected is given at a frequency f_ {res}, which corresponds to the resonance frequency of the resonant structure found within instrument 16. Once the value of the more efficient frequency at which the power can be supplied to the electrode, from an initial sweep of low frequencies of power, the microprocessor then tunes the frequency of oscillator output at the frequency f_ {res}. In a modification, the controller can be put into operation through a demand signal from the user interface (the demand signal issued by a user through the interface of user) to perform an initial frequency scan before the connection of instrument 16 to the generator. This allows the controller establish a map of the structure of power between the power output device and the instrument to take into account the effect of any discrepancy between discrete sections of the structure of feeding, etc., which have an effect on the attenuation of Power at various frequencies. The controller 110 can use then this frequency correspondence to ensure that only Consider the variations in power attenuation with the frequency that are not present endemically as a result of the generator components and / or the feed structure between the generator and the instrument.
The operating power output of the device Power output is set according to the signal of I_ {user} input addressed to the controller and from the user interface 112, and representing a power level Respondent configured by an operator in user interface 112. The various possible control modes of the generator depend on the user interface 112, and more particularly the options that the User interface is scheduled to give a user. For example, as mentioned above, there are several parameters that can be adjusted to achieve different effects on the tissue, such as the power level, the gas flow rate, the duration of the time period (the width of the treatment pulse) for which the instrument can work to generate a plasma over a particular area of the skin, and the separation distance between the opening at the distal end of the instrument 16 and the tissue. User interface 112 offers the user various modes of different control, each of which will allow the user Control the system according to various demand criteria. For example, a preferred mode of operation is one that mimics the operational control of the laser rejuvenation apparatus, since This one has the advantage of being easily understood by those who currently they work in the field of rejuvenation cutaneous. In the laser rejuvenation mode of operation, the user interface asks the user to select a level of power supply per surface area (known in the technique such as "creep") per instrument pulse. When works in this mode, the microprocessor configures V_ {gain} so that the power output device has an output of preset constant power, typically in the region of 160 W, and the user's input signal, coming from I_ {user}, becomes a period of time demanded represented by the pulse width, calculated from the energy required per pulse of treatment and the constant level of output power. However, the voltage signal V_ {gain} It is also used to connect and disconnect the generator output according to the input signals I_ {user} coming from the user interface Thus, for example, when the user presses a button on the instrument control (not shown), the interface User 112 sends a signal to microprocessor 134, which then works to produce a pulse of a predetermined width (by example, 20 ms) by altering V_ {gain} from its configuration of rest, to which the output of the attenuator is such that virtually no there is a signal that amplifier 104 can amplify, and the output of the generator is insignificant, up to a value that corresponds to the constant output power preset over a period of time equal to the pulse width demanded. This will have the effect of alter the output of the amplifier from its standby level to the constant output power level preset during a period of time equal to the pulse width demanded, and finally, of creating a plasma for such a period of time. Altering the width of the pulse according to a user input, pulses can be supplied of selected energies, typically in the 6 ms interval up to 20 ms. These pulses can be supplied in a single application or as a continuous train of pulses at a frequency of default pulse
The area of the surface on which it power supply will typically be a function of geometry of the instrument, and this can be entered in the user interface in various ways In one embodiment, the interface of user stores surface area data for each geometry other than an instrument that can be used with the generator, and the operating instrument is manually identified by the user in response to an indication of the user interface 112, or is automatically identified under an artifact of identification of the instrument that is detectable by the controller (which may require a connection between the controller and the instrument). In addition, the surface area will also be a function of the separation distance of the opening 82 of the instrument and tissue, because the greater the separation the colder the plasma will be at the moment of reaching the surface, and also, depending on the geometry of the instrument, the instrument can produce a divergent beam. The instruments can work with a fixed separation distance, for example by virtue of a separator connected to the distal end of the instrument, in which case, surface area data preserved in the interface of user will automatically consider the distance of separation. Another possibility is that the instruments operate with a variable separation distance, in which case, the separation distance must be measured, and feedback from the controller to allow you to take into account the calculation of the area of the surface.
Another parameter that can affect energy by unit area is the gas flow rate, and in a form of preferred embodiment the controller preferably contains a query table 140 of the flow rate G_ {flow} versus the generator output power P_ {output} for various constant output power levels, and consequently, it adjust the flow rate for an output power level dice. In another modification you can dynamically adjust the gas flow rate to account for variations in the separation distance, for example, and preferably Disconnect between pulses.
As described above, for a optimal ease of use in rejuvenation mode, the power output device will ideally supply a constant output power over the entire duration of a output, since this facilitates a simple control of the power of Total output on a given pulse. With a constant output power, The controller is able to control the total power supplied by pulse simply by connecting the output device of power (by means of the signal V_ {gain}) during a period of predetermined time, calculated on the basis of the level of output power. However, in practice it may be the case that the output power varies to a considerable extent with regarding the accuracy with which it is required to determine the energy Total supplied by pulse output. In this case the microprocessor is programmed to detect the output power integrating P_ {output} (from detector 120) with respect to the time, and disconnecting the power output device, altering V_ {gain} to return variable attenuator 108 to Your sleep setting.
Another complication in the control of system operation arises because the creation of a plasma in the opening 80 is equivalent, from an electrical point of view simplistic, to extend the length of the needle electrode 60, since the plasma is composed of ionized molecules and therefore is driver. This has the effect of lowering the frequency of resonance, so that the optimal generator output at which can supply power to the instrument in order to turn on a plasma is different from the optimum frequency at which it can be Supply power to an existing plasma. To solve this difficulty, microprocessor 134 is programmed continuously to tune the oscillator output during operation of the system. In a preferred mode the technique of random noise application, whereby the microprocessor 134 causes the oscillator output to momentarily generate outputs at frequencies 4 MHz below and above the frequency of current output, and then take samples, through the detector reflected power 122, of the power attenuation in those frequencies In the event that more power is attenuated in one of those frequencies that in the current operating frequency, the microprocessor re-tunes the oscillator's output to the frequency at which the highest power attenuation was given, and Then repeat the procedure. In another mode of operation preferred, microprocessor 134 records the magnitude of the resonance frequency shift when a plasma, and in subsequent pulses, displaces the oscillator frequency 106 when the system is tuned (it is say, when a plasma is turned on), after which the Random noise application technique. This has the advantage. to provide a faster system reset once that a plasma is turned on for the first time.
As mentioned above, in the form of embodiment shown in Figure 4, amplifier 104 It is typically configured to produce approximately 160 W of output power. However, not all is supplied to the plasma. Typically, power is also lost through radiation from the end of the instrument in the form of waves electromagnetic, of the reflection in the cable connections, and in the form of dielectric and conductive losses (that is, the power attenuation within the dielectric elements that they are part of the transmission line). In the design of instrument of figs. 2 and 3, it is possible to take advantage of the loss dielectric by virtue of the gas supply through the annular ducts 38A, B of sections 92, 94 of the structure of impedance adaptation; in this way, dielectric losses of power in the gas serve to heat the gas, making it more susceptible of becoming a plasma.
Referring now to figure 6, in a modification of the instrument 14 shown in figures 2 and 3, a terminal cover 84, made of a conductive material, is added to the distal end of instrument 14. The terminal cover is connected electrically to sleeve 50 and is therefore part of the electrode 70. The provision of the end cap 84 has several effects beneficial. First, because the electric field is preferably extends from conductor to conductor, and the cover terminal 84 really brings electrode 70 closer to the tip of the needle electrode 60, it is believed that this geometry serves to increase the intensity of the electric field in the region through the one that passes the plasma as it is ejected from the instrument, thereby accelerating the ions within the plasma. Secondly The physical effect of the end cap 84 on the plasma is that of direct the plasma in a more controlled way. Third, the currents of the outer sheath in the instrument (i.e. current that moves up the outside of the instrument back towards the generator) are reduced considerably with the end cap 84, since electrode 60, extends to a lesser extent beyond the end of the instrument, and losses of this nature are thus reduced.
In another, simpler embodiment of a system that operates at an operating frequency in the region 2450 MHz, a power output device can be used capable of supplying considerably more power than a solid state amplifier. With an increase in power available from the power output device, the increase of required voltage is less and equally, the role they play Resonant structures (for example) decreases.
Therefore, and now referring to the Figure 7, another generator has a high voltage AC supply rectified 200 connected to a radio power device thermoionic frequency, in this case a magnetron 204. The Magnetron 204 contains a filament heater (which is not sample) connected to the cathode of magnetron 204C that acts to release electrons from cathode 204C, and that is controlled by a filament power supply 206; the higher the power supplied to the filament heater, the more the cathode 204C and, therefore, greater is the number of electrons supplied inside the magnetron. The magnetron can have a permanent magnet to create a magnetic field in the cavity that surrounds the cathode, but in this embodiment it has a electromagnet with several coils (not shown) to which they are supplies current from an electromagnet power source 208. The anode of magnetron 204A has a series of cameras resonants 210 arranged in a circular cluster around the 204C cathode and its corresponding annular cavity. Electrons free from cathode 204C accelerate radially towards the anode 204A under the influence of the electric field created in the 204C cathode by 200 high voltage supply. The field magnetic generated by the electromagnet (not shown) accelerates electrons in a direction perpendicular to that of the field electrical, as a result of which electrons travel a curved path from cathode 204C to anode 204A, where they give their energy to one of the resonant chambers 210. Through a proper coupling structure, the power is carried from the resonant cameras 210 to the output terminal. The operation of The magnetronic power output devices are well understood in and of itself and is not described further here document. As with the generator of Figure 4, you can provide a circulator (not shown in figure 7) and directional couplers.
The type power output device magnetronic is capable of generating considerably power greater than the solid state power output device of Figure 4, but it is more difficult to control. In terms In general, the magnetron output power increases: (a) as which increases the number of electrons that pass from the cathode to anode; (b) with an increase in the supply voltage to the cathode (within a relatively narrow voltage band); (c) and with an increase in the magnetic field inside the magnetron. Thus, the high voltage supply 200, the filament supply 206 and the supply of the electromagnet 208 is all controlled from the controller according to input configurations coming from the user interface, as in the case of the output device of solid state amplifier power. Because the magnetron is more difficult to control, it is less easy to obtain an output of uniform power for the entire duration of a pulse of treatment (pulse output power). Therefore in a control procedure, the controller works by integrating the output power with respect to time and disconnecting the 200 high voltage supply (thus turning off the magnetron) when has supplied the required energy level, as described above. Another possibility is to detect and control the output of the cathode supply to provide the control of the output power controlling the current supplied, the cathode / anode current being proportional to the output power.
It will now be described, referring to Figure 8, another separate generator for use in a system according to the invention, and that employs a magnetron as an output device of power. As in the embodiment of Figure 7, the power for magnetron 204 is supplied in two ways, in first as a high voltage 200p DC for the cathode and as a supply of filament 206P for the cathode heater. Both input powers are derived, in this embodiment, from a power supply source 210 that has a mains input voltage 211. A first output from the unit 210 is an intermediate level 210P DC output in the region of 200 at 400 V DC (specifically 350 V DC in this case) that is supplied to a DC converter in the form of an inverter 200 that multiplies the intermediate voltage to a level exceeding 2 kV DC, in this case in the 4 kV region.
The supply of filament 206 is also feeds from power supply 210. Both the high voltage supply represented by inverter 200 as the Filament supply 206 are connected to a controller a CPU 110 to control the power output of the magnetron 204 in the manner described below.
User interface 112 is connected to the controller 110 in order to configure the power mode of output, among other functions.
The magnetron works in the UHF band, typically at 2,475 GHz, producing an output on the line of 204L output that feeds a power transition stage 213 turning the magnetron waveguide output into a line 50 \ Omega coaxial feed, also being provided in This stage low frequency AC isolation. After that, Circulator 114 provides a constant load impedance of 50 \ Omega for the output of the transition stage of the power 213. Apart from a first output connected to the stage transition 213, circulator 114 has a second outlet 114A connected to the isolation stage of UHF 214 and from there to the terminal output 216 of the generator. A third outlet 114B of the circulator 114 passes the reflected power back from the exit of the generator 216 through output 114A until discharge Resistive reflected power 124. Detector connections direct and reflected power 116 and 118 are, in this form of embodiment, connected to the first and third outputs of the circulator 114A and 114B respectively, to provide signals from detection for controller 110.
The controller 110 also applies through a line 218 a control signal to open and close a valve gas supply 220 so that nitrogen gas is supplied from source 130 to an outlet opening of the supply of gas 222. A surgical instrument (not shown in the figure 8) connected to the generator has a coaxial feeder cable of low losses for connection to the UHF 216 outlet and a pipe supply for connection to the supply outlet opening of gas 222.
It is important that the effect produced on the tissue is controllable and uniform, which means that energy supplied to the skin should be controllable and uniform during treatment. For the treatment of skin or other tissue superficial it is possible that the apparatus according to the invention allow to supply a controlled amount of energy to a small zone each time, typically a circular zone with a diameter of approximately 6 mm As mentioned above, for avoid unwanted thermal effects to a depth greater than the necessary one, the use of a plasma supply of relatively high power, but pulsed for fast treatment to a limited depth. Once a small area is treated, typically with a single burst of radio frequency energy with a duration of less than 100 ms (a "treatment pulse" isolated), the user can move the instrument to the next area of treatment before reapplying energy. Other possibility is that the pulses are supplied with a frequency default Predictability and uniformity can be achieved of the effect if the energy supplied to the tissue per pulse is controlled and uniform for a control configuration given in the user interface. For this reason, the preferred generator produces a known output power and connect and disconnect the power Radio frequency accurately. Generally, the pulses of treatment are much shorter than 100 ms, for example, less than 30 ms duration, and can be as short as 2 ms. When repeat, the repetition frequency is typically found in the range of 0.5 or 1 to 10 or 15 Hz.
The main application for devices Magnetronics is that of dielectric heating. The control of the power takes place through temporary averaging and, commonly, the device operates in discontinuous mode at the frequency of the network (50 or 60 Hz). A current switching circuit is applied of network to the main winding of the elevator transformer, whose secondary winding is applied to the anode and cathode terminals of the magnetron. Commonly, in addition, the power supply of the filament is taken from an auxiliary secondary winding of the elevator transformer This has the disadvantage that transient responses of heater loads and anode-cathode are different; the heater can have a preparation time of ten to thirty seconds while that the anode-cathode response is less than 10 \ mus, producing unpredictable output power levels after a important cut. Due to the discontinuous power supply to the network frequency, the maximum power supply can be three to six times greater than the average power supply, depending on the current filtering elements in the supply of power It will be appreciated from the explanations given previously that such operation of a magnetron results inappropriate for tissue rejuvenation. The unit of preferred generator power supply according to the present invention provides a continuous power supply for the radio frequency power device (that is, the magnetron in this case) which is interrupted only by the Applications of treatment pulses. In practice, treatment pulses are injected at a stage of supply of power that has a continuous DC supply of, for example, at minus 200 V. The UHF circulator connected to the output of the magnetron adds stability by providing an impedance load constant.
In the generator illustrated in Figure 8, achieves the desired controllability and uniformity of the effect, first place, by using an independent filament supply. The controller 110 is operated to drive the heater of the magnetron who is then allowed to reach a stable state before the performance of the high voltage supply at the cathode of the magnetron.
Second, the supply chain of high voltage power avoids relying on intense filtering and is part of a control loop of a magnetron that has a response much faster than the control circuits they use large bypass filter capabilities. In particular, the power supply chain includes, as explained previously referring to figure 8, an inverter that provides a controllable and continuous current source applied at a high voltage to the anode and cathode terminals of the magnetron For maximum efficiency, the current source is provides a switching mode power supply that works in a direct current mode. A series inductance of current filtering in the power supply receives power of a reducing regulator device. In reference to Figure 9, which is a simplified circuit diagram, the reducing regulator comprises a MOSFET 230, the filter inductor of current 232 (here in the region of 500 µH), and a diode 234. The reducing regulator, as shown, is connected between the 350 VDC rail of the power supply output 210P power (see Figure 8) and a bridge configuration of four switching MOSFET 236 to 239, forming a stage investor These transistors 236 to 239 are connected in a bridge in H and they work in contrafase with some times of connection slightly higher than 50% to ensure a current of continuous supply to the main winding 240P of the transformer elevator 240. A bridge rectifier 242 connected through the 240F secondary winding and a relatively filtered capacitor small 244, which has a value less than or equal to 220 µS produce The 200P high voltage supply required for the magnetron.
Pressing the reduction transistor 230 as a switching device at a considerably higher frequency that the repetition frequency of the treatment pulses, which is typically between 1 and 10 Hz or 15 Hz, and due to the effect of inductor 232, the continuous supply of current at a power level exceeding 1 kW for the magnetron within each treatment pulse. Current level is controlled by adjusting the work-rest ratio of the exciter pulses applied to the gate of the reducing transistor 230. The same door terminal is used, in this case in combination with a shutdown of the exciter pulses in the transistors of the inverting stage, to deactivate the magnetron between pulses of treatment.
The person skilled in the art will appreciate that individual components referred to herein description, for example transistors, inductors and individual capacitors can be replaced by multiple components of this type, according to the handling requirements of power, and so on- You can also use other equivalent structures
Pulse pulsing frequency exciter of the reducing transistor is preferably greater than 16 kHz for inaudibility (as well as for a loop response of control and a minimum curly current) and is preferably between 40 kHz and 150 kHz Advantageously, inverter transistors 236 to 239 are pulsed within the same frequency ranges, preferably at half the frequency of the uniformity of the reducing transistor between successive half cycles applied to the elevator transformer 240.
The transformer 240 preferably has a ferrite core, and has a transformation ratio of 2:15
As will be seen from Figure 10, which It shows the output voltage at output 200P and the power of magnetron output at the beginning of a treatment pulse, it It can achieve commissioning in a relatively short time, typically less than 300 \ mus, depending on the value of the capacitor 244. The disconnection time is usually considerably shorter. This produces the advantage that the pulse length of treatment, and consequently, energy supplied by treatment pulse (typically 2 to 6 joules), is not practically affected by the limitations in the Power supply for the magnetron. You can achieve high efficiency (typically 80%) for the conversion of a voltage of supply of hundreds of volts (in 228 supply lanes and 229) to the 200P high voltage output (see figure 9).
Now you can achieve uniform control of the magnetron output power level, with a quick response to changing load conditions, using the control of feedback of the work-rest relationship of exciter pulses to the reduction transistor 230. Because the magnetron output power depends mainly on the current from the anode to the cathode, the control servomechanisms of the Power supply are based on the current. These include a control loop that generates an error voltage from a gain difference multiplied between the measured current of anode to cathode and a demand for power dependent current preset output. The voltage error is compensated for the storage inductor current and gain difference multiplied determines the work-rest relationship of the exciter pulses supplied to the reduction transistor 230, such as shown in the control loop diagrams of the figures 11 and 12.
A servo operated action is also preferred. based on the current to allow compensation for the magnetron aging that results in an increase in anode to cathode impedance. Therefore, the power supply levels required until the magnetron It breaks down.
Referring to figures 8 to 11, the variations in magnetron output power with respect to the anode / cathode current, for example due to the aging of the magnetron, are compensated in controller 110 by comparing a sample direct power 250 (obtained on line 116 in figure 8) with a power reference signal 252 in comparator 254. The comparator output is used as reference signal 256 for set the current of the magnetron anode, applying this reference signal 256 to controller elements 110 which set the duty cycle of the exciter pulses to the reducing transistor 230 (figure 9), generally represented as the "magnetron main power supply" block 258 in Figure 11.
Referring to figure 12, that block main power supply 258 has loops of external and internal control 260, 262. The reference signal of the anode current 256 is compared in comparator 264 with a effective measurement 266 of the current supplied to the anode of the magnetron to produce an error voltage V_ {error}. This error voltage is passed through a gain stage 268 in controller 110 and produces a reference signal of Pulse width modulation (PWM) to one input 270, to another comparator 272, where it is compared with a representation 274 of the effective current in the main winding of the transformer elevator (see figure 9). This produces a control signal. (PWM) on line 276 that is supplied to the transistor door reducer 230 shown in figure 9, thereby regulating the main current of the transformer through the operation of the reduction stage 278.
Internal loop 262 has a very response fast, and controls the main current of the transformer inside of each cycle of the 40 kHz exciter pulse waveform supplied to the gate terminal 276 of the reduction transistor 230. External loop 260 operates with a more constant time long during each treatment pulse to control the level of the current of the magnetron anode / cathode. It will be noted that the combined effect of the three control loops that appear in the Figures 11 and 12 constitute the uniform and precise control of the current and output power of the anode along a full range of time periods, that is, the short-term and long-term output power regulation term.
The effective power setting applied to UHF 252 demand input from the outermost control loop, as shown in figure 11, it depends on the selection by part of the user of the required treatment intensity. The depth of effect can be controlled by adjusting the duration of the treatment pulses, being a typical range of 6 to 20 ms.
The control connection between controller 110 and the high voltage power supply appears in figure 8 as a control and feedback channel 280.
It is also possible to control the current of the heater through a demand / feedback line 282, by example to obtain the preferred heater temperature of Permanent regime.
In the event that the magnetron has a electromagnet, the variation of the force of the applied magnetic field to the magnetron cavity provides another control variable (such as shown in figure 8), for example if necessary lower continuous power levels.
The loss of return detected by line 116 in figure 8 is a measure of how much energy the charge of back to the generator. In a perfect adaptation of the generator and the load, the loss of return is infinite, while a load of open or short circuit produces a loss of return zero. Therefore, the controller can use an output of return loss detection on line 116 as a means to determine the adaptation of the load, and in particular as a means to identify a failure of the instrument or cable. The detection of this fault can be used to turn off the output device of power, in the case of magnetron 204.
Figure 13 illustrates in more detail the UHF insulation stage 214 shown in Figure 8. As particular aspect of the invention, this isolation stage, which It is applicable to electrosurgical devices (i.e. included those of tissue rejuvenation) that work at frequencies in the UHF range and above, has a waveguide part 286 and, within the waveguide part, receiver and transmitter probes spaced apart ohmically 288, 290 for connection to radio frequency power device (in this case a magnetron) and an output, specifically the output connector 216 shown in figure 8 in the present case. In the present example, the waveguide part is cylindrical and has caps terminals 292 at each end. DC isolation is provided forming the waveguide part 286 as two parts that fit each other 286A, 286B, one part being embedded inside the other part, superimposed on that with a dielectric insulating layer 294 between the two parts in the overlap zone. On the wall of the waveguide is mounted suitable connectors, here connectors coaxial 296, to supply radio frequency energy to and from probe 288, 290.
Another possibility is that the waveguide have a rectangular cross section or can have another section regular cross.
Each probe 288, 290, is a field E probe placed inside the waveguide cavity as a extension of its respective internal conductor of the connector coaxial, keeping the external conductor electrical continuity With the wall of the waveguide. In the present form of realization, which can work in the region of 2.45 GHz, the diameter of the waveguide part is in the region of 70 to 100 mm, specifically 86 mm in the present case. Can be changed the scale of these and other dimensions according to the frequency of functioning.
The length of the inner cavity of the part of waveguide between probe 288, 290 is preferably a multiple of \ lambda_ {g} / 2 where \ lambda_ {g} is the wavelength of the guide inside the cavity. The distance between each probe and its nearest terminal cover is in the region of an odd multiple of λ g / 4 (in the present case 32 mm), and the degree of axial overlap between the two parts of the waveguide 286A, 286B should be at least \ lambda_ {g} / 4. Polyimide tape It constitutes a typical discharge material through the material High voltage and low loss insulator for the dielectric layer 294
It will be appreciated that the isolation stage provides a degree of bandpass filtering when imposing the diameter of the waveguide part one more frequency limit falls below which the waves cannot be accepted stationary, while high pass filtering is provided by increasing losses with frequency. The relative spacing of the probe and end caps provide Other features of bandpass filtering. Note that the preferred length of the waveguide part between the covers terminals 292 is approximately λ g. Can be introduce other structures in the waveguide part to proportional the preferred attenuation of the signals not desired.
The isolation stage forms a barrier of isolation at DC and AC frequencies much lower than the frequency operating the generator and can typically withstand 5 kV DC voltage applied between the two parts of the waveguide 286A, 286B.
At low frequencies, the isolation stage represents a series capacitor with a value less than 1 µF, which prevents thermionic current or fault currents Simple that can cause unwanted nerve stimulation. Be they can obtain lower capacity values by reducing the degree of overlap between the parts of the waveguide part 286A, 286B, or increasing the separation between them where overlap.
Significant reductions in the Insulation stage size by filling the internal cavity with a dielectric material having a dielectric constant greater than unit.
Another solution other than field probes E 288, 290 which are illustrated in Figure 13 consists in the possibility of emitting and receiving waves using field elements H in the form of loops oriented to induce a magnetic field.
Referring now to figure 14, a instrument for use with a generator that has a device Magnetronic power output comprises, as with the instrument of figures 2, 3 and 6, an outer shaft 30, connector 26, cable power coaxial 40. An adaptive structure of transient impedance includes a low impedance part 92 and a high impedance part 94, and provides an adaptation between the generator power output device and load provided by plasma, which is created in an electric field between a central disk electrode 160 and an external electrode 70 provided by a part of the conductive sleeve adjacent to the disk electrode 160. Gas passes from the intake opening 32 and along the annular ducts 38A, B formed between the internal and external conductors of sections 92, 94 of the adaptive structure through the electric field created between electrodes 160, 70 and becomes a plasma under the influence of the electric field. Located against the inside of sleeve 50, and therefore between electrodes 160, 70, is a tubular quartz insert 180. Quartz is a dielectric material low losses, and the insert has the effect of intensifying the electric field between the electrodes, bringing them closer together really, while avoiding a preferred arc between them, thereby producing a more uniform plasma beam. In this way of embodiment, the internal electrode 160 is a disk, and is mounted directly on the inner conductor 54 of the adaptation part high impedance, this having a length that from the point of electric view is a quarter wavelength of the output of the generator. The disk electrode 160, due to its length relatively small, it is really, when considered in combination with electrode 70, a discrete capacitor or "concentrated", which, together with distributed inductance inherent in the inner conductor 54 forms an electrical assembly resonant in series. The shape of the disk electrode 160 serves also to widen the plasma output beam, increasing from that way the "footprint" of the beam on the tissue; this could be desirable in skin rejuvenation, since this means that a given area of tissue can be treated with fewer "shots" of the instrument. The voltage rise that takes place in this resonant structure is smaller in the instrument in this way embodiment than with the instrument of figures 2, 3 and 6, and thus the elevation of the generator output voltage at the electrodes 160, 70 as a result of the resonance inside the set Resonant is, consequently, lower. One reason for this is that a magnetronic power output device produces a level considerably higher power and at a higher voltage (typically 300 Vrms), and therefore it is not necessary to provide such high elevation transformation, hence the lowest Q value of the resonant set.
The tuning of the output frequency of the Magnetronic power output device is complicated. However, the resonance frequency of the instrument experiences a shift once a plasma has been turned on to consequence of a decrease in load impedance (due to the highest plasma conductivity with respect to air), so the problem of optimal power supply continues to exist for the ignition of plasma, on the one hand, and the maintenance of Plasma, on the other. Referring to figure 15, the power reflected dissipated inside the instrument before ignition of Plasma with variable frequency is illustrated by line 300. It can be seen that the resonance within the instrument has place at a frequency f_ {res}, represented graphically by a pronounced peak, representative of a quality factor Q relatively high for voltage multiplication, or ascending transformation that takes place within the instrument during resonance. The characteristic curve of reflected power versus the frequency for the instrument once it has been on a plasma is illustrated by line 310, and can Note that the resonance frequency of the instrument once that a plasma f_ {pls} has been created is smaller than before ignition, and that the characteristic curve has a much more peak flat, representative of a lower quality factor Q. Due to which the magnetronic power output device is relatively powerful, a preferred mode of operation entails the selection of a resonance frequency of the instrument such that The output frequency of the power output device Magnetronics can work both to take advantage of the resonance of inside the instrument to light a plasma, as well as to Keep a plasma.
Again in reference to Figure 15, the Magnetronic power output device has a frequency output f_ {output} found between the frequencies of resonance f_ {res} and f_ {pls}. The frequency f_ {output} is shifts as far as possible from the resonant frequency f_ {res} in the direction of the resonant frequency f_ {pls} in an attempt to optimize the power supply to the plasma, by time that continues to ensure that there is sufficient resonance inside the instrument at f_ {output} to turn on a plasma. This compromise on the output frequency of the output device of magnetronic power is possible as a result of the power of relatively large available output, which means that it it requires much less resonance within the instrument, both in order of lighting a plasma as of maintaining a plasma later, of which would be required with more power output devices low.
In another embodiment, the instrument is built so that it incorporates two resonant ensembles: one that enters resonance before the ignition of a plasma and another that enters resonance after ignition, in which both resonant ensembles have a similar resonant frequency or substantially the same. With such an instrument it turns out possible to optimize the power supply for the ignition and the maintenance of a plasma at a single frequency. In reference now to figure 16, an instrument 16 has a connector 26 in its distal end, a coaxial feeding structure 40 that is extends from connector 26 to an electrode structure bipolar comprising a rod-shaped internal electrode 260 and an external electrode 70 provided by a sleeve portion 50 of the external conductor adjacent to rod electrode 260. A conductive terminal cover 84 defines an opening 80 through the that passes the plasma, and helps intensify the electric field to through which the plasma passes, thus increasing the ease of plasma power supply. The characteristic impedance of section of transmission line formed by the structure of the electrodes 260, 70 is chosen to provide adaptation between the power output device and the load provided by the plasma. As will be explained later, it is believed that in this way of realization the plasma load has a lower impedance than in previous embodiments, which, therefore, does more Easy adaptation. In addition, the instrument comprises an electrode auxiliary or ignition 260S. The 260S ignition electrode It comprises two elements: a predominantly inductive element, provided in this example by a piece of cable 272 connected in its proximal end with the proximal end of the electrode of rod, and a predominantly capacitive element arranged in series with the inductive element, which in this example provides a ring 274 of conductive material connected to the distal end of the cable 272, and extending substantially coaxially with the rod electrode 260, but is separated from that point.
Referring now to figure 17, the structure of the 260S ignition electrode is such that the inductance in form of the cable 272 and the ring-shaped capacity 274 form a resonant set that resonates at the output frequency of generator f_ {output}, and line 320 illustrates the variation characteristic of the power reflected with the input frequency for the 260S ignition electrode. Unlike this, the line of transmission formed by the structure of electrodes 260, 70 (whose characteristic variation of power reflected with the input frequency is illustrated on line 330), it has, before the ignition of a plasma, a resonant frequency f_ {res} that is considerably higher than the generator output frequency to such a degree that at that frequency there will be little resonance or nothing. Without However, the structure of electrodes 260, 70 is configured as such that, once a plasma has formed (which can conceived as a piece of conductor that extends from the rod electrode 260 out of the opening 80), be a set resonant to the generator output frequency, although with a resonance at a lower Q value. So, before the plasma formation, the ignition electrode 260 is a set resonant that provides voltage multiplication (also known as the elevator transformation) of the output signal of the generator, while after forming a plasma, the electrode structure 260, 70 constitutes a set resonant that will provide voltage multiplication. May it is conceived that the structure of the 260S, 70 electrodes has a length, from the electrical point of view, and once it has been created a plasma (and therefore, including the extra length of the conductor provided by plasma), which is equal to a quarter of wavelength, and thus, provides a good adaptation of the generator output
When the generator output signal leaves the coaxial power structure 40, the signal excites initially the 260S ignition electrode causing it to enter resonance because it is resonant at the output frequency of the generator, but does not excite the structure of electrodes 260, 70 because it is not resonant at the output frequency of the generator until a plasma has been created. The effect of a resonance (and therefore, of a voltage multiplication) in the 260S ignition electrode that has no place in the structure of electrodes 260, 70 is that there is a potential difference between the ignition electrode 260S and the rod electrode 260. If this potential difference is large enough to create an electric field with the required intensity between the 260S ignition electrode and 260 rod electrode (bearing note that due to the relatively small distance between 260S and 260 electrodes, a potential difference will be required relatively low), a plasma is created between the electrodes. Once that the plasma has been created, it will affect the characteristics electrical electrode structure so that it resonates at the generator output frequency (or similar frequencies to it), although this resonance will not be so pronounced because the Q value of the resonant set when a plasma has been created it is less than the Q value of the electrode 260S ignition
It is not essential that the electrode 260S ignition and a structure of electrodes 260, 70 "on" (that is, the structure of electrodes 260, 70 with a created plasma) have identical resonance frequencies to take advantage of this dual electrode ignition technique, simply that each one is able to interact with the output of the generator to turn on and then maintain a plasma without having to Re-tune the generator output. However, the resonance frequencies should preferably be equal to from within the bandwidth of the output frequencies of the generator. For example, if the generator produced an output of 2450 MHz and this output, at this frequency, had a bandwidth inherent in 2 MHz, so that, in reality, to this selected frequency the generator output signal is found in the frequency range of 2449 to 2451 MHz, both resonant frequencies should be in this range to an optimal effect
Referring now to figure 18, in another form of embodiment that provides independent plasma ignition, an instrument includes a 470S plasma ignition assembly and a electrode structure 470 that are electrically connected by separated (and isolated from each other) to a circulator 414 within the instrument. The output signals from the generator pass initially inside circulator 414. The circulator passes the output signals preferably towards the output channel that It provides the best adaptation to the generator. As with the shape of previous embodiment, before the ignition of a plasma, the Adaptation to the structure of electrode 470 is bad, while the ignition set is configured to provide a good adaptation before ignition, and thus, the circulator passes the Generator output to ignition assembly 470S. Because that connects independently, any generator sparks or arcs capable of producing a spark or arc with levels of power available to the generator can provide the ignition assembly 470. For example, the ignition assembly may include a rectifier circuit and a DC spark generator, a resonant set to provide voltage multiplication as in the embodiment of figure 16 or any other Spark generator or arc suitable. Once it has taken place plasma ignition, the resulting change in characteristics electrical electrode structure causes the adaptation of the generator's output to the electrode structure, and thus, the circulator then acts to divert the generator output towards electrode structure to allow power supply to plasma
In most of the embodiments of the surgical system described above creates an electric field oscillatory between two electrodes, both substantially isolated electrically with respect to the patient (inevitably, there will be a extremely low output radiation level from the instrument in the direction of the patient, and possibly true barely detectable amount of parasitic coupling with the patient), whose presence is irrelevant for the formation of plasma. The plasma is switched between the electrodes (by means of free electron acceleration between electrodes) and plasma it is ejected from an opening in the instrument, mainly under the influence of the gas pressure supplied to the instrument. In consequently, the presence of a patient's skin has no effect on plasma formation (while in the art anterior plasma is ignited between an electrode within a instrument and the patient's skin) and the patient does not form a important conductive path for any current electrosurgical
In a particularly preferred instrument, best suited for operation with a high generator output power such as the generator embodiments described above, which have a magnetron as a device for power output, a dual adaptation structure is not required such as those included in the embodiments of the instrument described above in reference to figures 2 and 14. Referring to figures 19 and 20, this preferred instrument it comprises a continuous conductive sleeve 50 that has its part of the proximal end fixed inside and connected to the external screen of a standard coaxial connector (type N), and a needle electrode internal 54 mounted on an extension 42 of the internal conductor of the connector Fitted inside the distal end portion 70 of the outer conductor of the sleeve 50, there is a tube heat resistant dielectric 180 made of a dielectric material of low losses such as quartz. As shown in the figures 19 and 20, this tube extends beyond the distal end of the sleeve 50 and, in addition, extends a distance of at least one quarter wavelength (the operating wavelength λ) inside the distal part 70. Mounted inside the quartz tube, where it is located within the part of the distal end 70 of sleeve 50, a conductive concentrator element is found 480, which can be considered as a parasitic antenna element for create concentrations of the electric field between the electrode of needle 54 and the distal end portion 70 of the sleeve 50.
The sleeve 50 has an intake opening of gas 32 adjacent to connector 26, and provides a gas conduit annular 38 extending around the conductor extension internal 42, needle electrode 38, and distally to the end of the quartz tube 180, this forming the mouthpiece of the instrument 180N A gasket 482 prevents the escape of gas from the inside of the conduit 38 towards the connector 26.
When connected to a coaxial feeder from a generator such as the one described above in reference to the Figure 8, the proximal part of the instrument, comprising the connector 26 and the extension of the internal conductor of connector 42, constitutes a transmission line that has an impedance characteristic which, in this case, is 50 \ Omega. A PTFE sleeve 26S inside the connector is part of the structure of 50 \ Omega.
The needle electrode 54 is made of a heat resistant conductor such as tungsten and has a diameter such that, in combination with the outer sleeve 50, it forms a section of the transmission line with an impedance characteristic higher than that of connector 26, typically in the region of 90 to 120 \ Omega. Provided that the length of the needle electrode, that is the distance from the extension of the internal conductor of connector 42 to its tip 54T (see Figure 20), is in the region of λ / 4, it can be done that act as a transforming element of the impedance that raises the 54T tip voltage to a considerably higher level than that observed in the 50 \ Omega section (prolongation of internal conductor 42). Therefore, an intense E field is created between the tip 54T of the internal needle electrode and the part adjacent to the distal end of the outer conductor 70. This one, by itself same and given sufficient input power, it can be quite to create a gaseous plasma that extends down from the tip 54T and through the nozzle 180N. However, the ignition of the safest plasma is achieved due to the presence of the element 480 hub.
This concentrator element 480 is a resonant element sized to have a resonant frequency when in situ in the quartz tube, in the region of the frequency of operation of the instrument and its related generator. As will be seen from the drawings, particularly referring to Figure 20, the resonant element 480 has three parts, that is, a first and a second patch elements folded 480C, folded into irregular rings sized to fit inside the tube of quartz 180, and a narrow intermediate strip of interconnection 480L. These components are all formed from a single piece of conductive material, here stainless steel for springs, whose elasticity causes the element to rest against the tube 180.
It will be appreciated that the 480C rings, from the point of electrical view, they are predominantly capacitive, while The 480L connection strip is predominantly inductive. The component length approaches λ / 4. These properties give it a resonance frequency in the region of the operating frequency and a tendency to concentrate field E in the zone of its extreme parts 480C.
In another embodiment (not shown) the concentrator element can be a cross-section propeller circular or polygonal made of, for example, an elastic material such Like tungsten Other structures can be used.
The concentrator element is positioned so that is partially superimposed on the needle electrode 54 in the axial direction of the instrument and preferably have one of the areas where it induces a high voltage aligned with the tip of the 54T electrode
Those skilled in the art will understand that in the resonance, the standing wave of the voltage in the element Concentrator 480 has the greatest magnitude in capacitive areas 480C The irregular, folded and polygonal shape of the segments capacitive 480 results in a substantially punctual contact between the concentrator element and the inner surface of the quartz tube 180. This property, together with the concentrating effect of field E of the structure of the resonator element and the near presence of the High dielectric constant material of the inserted 180 tube, they all serve to maximize the intensity of the field, to ensure that way the ignition of a plasma in a gas that flows through of the set
In practice, the arc produced by the element 480 concentrator acts as an initiator for plasma formation in the area surrounding the tip of electrode 54T. Once it has a plasma formed at the tip 54T, it propagates along the tube, mainly due to the flow of gas to the 180N nozzle. Once this has happened, the instrument presents an adaptation impedance for the generator, and power is transferred to the gas with great efficiency
An advantage of the concentrator element is that its resonance frequency is not especially critical, which simplifies, in this way, its manufacture.
As mentioned above, the use of UHF signals is not essential for the operation of the present invention, and the invention may have a form of realization at any frequency from DC signals to up. However, the use of UHF signals has the advantage of than components whose length is a quarter wavelength can be incorporated into compact surgical instruments to provide voltage transformation or adaptation. Further, several instruments that have resonant ensembles have been illustrated in order to perform the elevation transformation of voltage, but this is not essential, and the transformation of voltage rise can be performed within an instrument without Make use of resonance.
If the instruments described herein document are intended for clinical use, it is possible sterilize them, and this can be done in several ways known in the art, such as the use of gamma radiation, by example, or by passing a gas such as ethylene oxide through of the instrument (which will ensure that the conduit of the gas). The sterilized instruments will then be wrapped in a adequate sterile packaging that prevents access of items contagious to it.
The various modifications described in the This document is not limited to its relationship with the forms of realization with respect to those described first, and they can be applicable to all the embodiments described in This document.
Although the particular disposition of the following claims has been prepared for the purpose of present fundamental and preferred features of the invention in a logical and concise way, to comply with article 123 EPC we include here specifically as part of the content of the present application as originally submitted all possible combinations of individual characteristics contained in the claims.
1. A tissue rejuvenation system that understands:
a surgical instrument that has a first and a second electrode separated from each other, and, connected to the electrodes, a gas conduit to carry gas to the electrodes to allow the gas to pass between the electrodes, the first electrode being located inside the gas conduit, and terminating the gas conduit in a plasma outlet nozzle, Y
a radio frequency power generator connected to the electrodes of the instrument and arranged to supply radio frequency power to the electrodes in a isolated or series treatment pulse to create a plasma between the electrodes from the gas supplied through the conduit, the pulses having a duration in the range of 2 ms to 100 ms.
2. A system according to claim 1, in the that the generator can work to supply the instrument with a Maximum radio frequency power exceeding 400W.
3. A system according to claim 2, in the that the generator can work to supply the instrument with a Maximum radio frequency power exceeding 750W.
4. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the generator is arranged in such a way that the treatment pulses have a duration in the interval from 5 ms to 20 ms.
5. A system according to claim 4, in the that the generator is arranged to supply the pulses of treatment repetitively with a frequency of 0.5 Hz to 15 Hz.
6. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the generator is arranged to generate radio frequency power at frequencies that exceed 300 MHz
7. A system according to claim 6, in the that the generator includes a thermionic power device of radio frequency to generate radio frequency power.
8. A system according to claim 7, in the that the radio frequency power device is a magnetron
9. A system according to claim 7 or the claim 8, wherein the generator includes a controller of the power device arranged to apply a regulation of current to the radio frequency power device for control the level of radio frequency power supplied to the instrument.
10. A system according to any of the claims 7 to 9, wherein the power device of radio frequency is connected to a supply circuit of power arranged to supply a DC supply voltage to the radio frequency power device exceeding 1 kV during treatment pulses.
11. A system according to claim 10, in the that the power supply circuit is arranged to supply a DC supply voltage to the power device radio frequency exceeding 3 kV during pulses of treatment.
12. A system according to claim 10 or the claim 11, wherein the power supply circuit it comprises an inverting stage connected to a current of intermediate DC supply and that has switching device power and an elevator transformer, a rectifier stage connected to a secondary winding of the transformer to provide the DC power supply to the device radio frequency power, and a reduction stage of regulation of series connected current between switching devices of inverter power and DC power supply intermediate.
13. A system according to claim 12, in the that the regulation reduction stage comprises the combination in series of a semiconductor power device and an inductor connected between the power switching devices of the inverter and a DC supply supply rail intermediate.
14. A system according to claim 12 or the claim 13, which includes a power control circuit which can work to apply a control signal to the stage regulating reducer to control the average current supplied by the inverting stage to the power device of a way in which radio frequency power is controlled generated by the power device during pulses of treatment.
15. A system according to claim 14, which includes means to detect radio frequency power supplied to the instrument and a feedback circuit arranged to determine a parameter of the control signal of a way in which the maximum radio frequency power supplied it is maintained substantially at a predetermined level.
16. A system according to any of the claims 12 to 15, wherein the control signal is pressed to a frequency much greater than the frequency of the pulses of treatment, the relationship being variable work-rest of the pulses of the control signal, to vary the current supplied to the power device of radio frequency
17. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the generator can operate at a frequency that exceeds 300 MHz and has a device of radio frequency power, a radio output connector frequency for connection to the surgical instrument, and a output isolation comprising a waveguide part and, within the waveguide part, input and output probes spaced apart ohmically, connected to the device power and to the output connector respectively, being arranged the probes to couple radio frequency energy in and out of the waveguide part.
18. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the generator can operate at a frequency that exceeds 300 MHz and has a device of radio frequency power, a radio output connector frequency for connection to the surgical instrument, a circulator connected between the power device and the output connection to present a substantially constant load impedance to power device, and a reflected power path that includes a connected reflected power discharge device To the circulator.
19. A system according to claim 18, which includes a detector element connected to the transmission of power between the power device and the output connector to generate a power detection signal, and a circuit of control connected to the detector circuit in a feedback loop to control the maximum output power of the device radio frequency power.
20. A system according to any of the claims 6 to 19, wherein the supply circuit of power and radio frequency power are arranged in such so that the rise and fall times of the treatment pulses at an output terminal of said power device are respectively less than or equal to 10% of the respective length of the treatment pulse.
21. A system according to any of the claims 6 to 19, wherein the supply circuit of power and radio frequency power are arranged in such so that the rise and fall times of the treatment pulses at an output terminal of said power device are respectively less than or equal to 1 ms.
ES01905980T 2000-02-22 2001-02-22 Rejuvenation of fabrics. Active ES2241787T3 (en)
GB0004179 2000-02-22
ES2241787T3 true ES2241787T3 (en) 2005-11-01
ES01905980T Active ES2241787T3 (en) 2000-02-22 2001-02-22 Rejuvenation of fabrics.
EP (3) EP1554985B1 (en)
AT (2) AT417561T (en)
AU (2) AU2001233944B2 (en)
DE (2) DE60137090D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001062169A2 (en)
AT398973T (en) 2002-11-27 2008-07-15 Medical Device Innovations Ltd Gewebeablationsgerät
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2000-02-22 GB GB0004179A patent/GB0004179D0/en not_active Ceased
2001-02-22 AT AT05005739T patent/AT417561T/en not_active IP Right Cessation
2001-02-22 AT AT01905980T patent/AT293927T/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2001-02-22 WO PCT/GB2001/000767 patent/WO2001062169A2/en active IP Right Grant
2001-02-22 ES ES01905980T patent/ES2241787T3/en active Active
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EP1543788A3 (en) 2005-08-24
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AT417561T (en) 2009-01-15
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WO2001062169A3 (en) 2001-12-20
WO2001062169A2 (en) 2001-08-30
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GB0004179D0 (en) 2000-04-12
EP1543788A2 (en) 2005-06-22
AT293927T (en) 2005-05-15
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CN103025259B (en) 2016-06-29 Medical treatment device