Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/39054397/Cambodia-Draft-Law-on-E-Commerce
Timestamp: 2019-02-20 15:34:27
Document Index: 246386100

Matched Legal Cases: ['art_11', 'ART 2', 'ART 3', 'ART 4', 'ART 5', 'ART 6', 'arts 2', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'ART 1', 'arts 2', 'art 5', 'arts 2', 'ART 2', 'ART 3', 'ART 4', 'ART 5', 'ART 6', 'art 6']

Cambodia Draft Law on E-Commerce | Signature | Information
Cambodia Draft Law on E-Commerce
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Article 2: Sphere of Application
Article 3: Variation by Agreement
PART 2 – VALIDITY OF DATA MESSAGES AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS
Article 5: Legal recognition of data messages and electronic communications
Article 6: Writing requirements
Article 7: Signature requirements
Article 8: Original Requirements
Article 9: Record Retention Requirements
Article 10: Evidential requirements
Article 11: Contract formation
Article 12: Declarations and other statements
PART 3 – COMMUNICATIONS PROCESS
Article 13: Attribution
Article 14: Time and place of dispatch and receipt of data messages
PART 4 – CERTIFICATION SERVICE PROVIDERS
Article 15: Issuance of Regulations
PART 5 – GOVERNMENT ACTS AND TRANSACTIONS
Article 16: Acceptance of data messages
PART 6 – OFFENCES AGAINST THE CONFIDENTIALITY, INTEGRITY AND AVAILABILITY
OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND COMPUTER DATA
Article 17: Illegal access
Article 18: Illegal interception
Article 19: Data interference
Article 20: System interference
Article 21: Computer data-related forgery
Article 22: Computer-related fraud
Article 23: Incitement, aiding or abetting, complicity or attempt
Article 4: Definitions The definition of terms used in this Law shall be as follows: 2 . Article 2: Sphere of Application (1) Parts 2 through 5 of this Law shall apply to all civil and commercial acts and transactions. integrity and reliability of data messages and electronic communications. Article 3: Variation by Agreement The provisions of Part 2 and Part 3 may be varied by agreement between parties involved in generating. (e) to deter the commission of harmful conduct against computer data and information systems. or relieves a party from the legal consequences of making inaccurate or false statements in that regard. (d) to promote public confidence in the authenticity. except those acts and transactions exempted under the terms of this Act or by Government legislation. places of business or other information.0 PART 1 – GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1: Purpose This law is designed to achieve the following objectives and should be construed accordingly: (a) to facilitate domestic and international electronic commerce by eliminating legal barriers and establishing legal certainty. (b) to encourage the use of reliable forms of electronic commerce. or otherwise processing data messages. Draft Version 1. sending. (3) Parts 2 through 4 of this Law shall apply to acts and transactions carried out by or with the Government in accordance with Part 5. receiving. (c) to facilitate electronic filing of documents with Government and to promote efficient delivery of Government services by means of reliable forms of electronic communications. (2) Nothing in Parts 2 through 5 of this Law affects the application of any rule of law that may require the parties to disclose their identities. except as otherwise provided. storing.
received or stored by electronic. receiving. PART 2 – VALIDITY OF DATA MESSAGES AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS Article 5: Legal recognition of data messages and electronic communications (1) Information shall not be denied legal effect. Draft Version 1. sent. ‘Originator’ of an electronic communication means a party by whom. if any. without review or intervention by a person each time an action is initiated or a response is generated by the system. but does not include a party acting as an intermediary with respect to that electronic communication. magnetic. 3 . optical or similar means. information or concepts in a form suitable for processing in an information system. ‘Electronic signature’ means data in electronic form in. sending. affixed to or logically associated with. (2) A communication or a contract shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that it is in the form of an electronic communication. storing or otherwise processing Computer data. ‘Information system’ means any device or a group of interconnected or related devices for generating. a data message.0 ‘Addressee’ of an electronic communication means a party who is intended by the originator to receive the electronic communication. ‘Certification Service Provider’ means a person that issues certificates and may provide other services related to electronic signatures. validity or enforceability solely on the grounds that it is in the form of a data message. ‘Data message’ means information generated. including a program suitable for causing an information system to perform a function. “Automated message system” means a computer program or an electronic or other automated means used to initiate an action or respond to data messages or performances in whole or in part. ‘Computer data’ means any representation of facts. ‘Electronic communication’ means any communication that the parties make by means of data messages. or on whose behalf. but it does not include a party acting as an intermediary with respect to that electronic communication. the electronic communication has been sent or generated prior to storage. including Data messages. which may be used to identify the signatory in relation to the data message and to indicate the signatory’s approval of the information contained in the data message.
(b) it is capable of identifying the signatory.g. (c) it is created using means that the signatory can maintain under his sole control. sale of land. and (d) it is linked to the data to which it relates in such a manner that any subsequent change of the data is detectable. (2) Paragraph (1) applies whether the requirement therein is in the form of an obligation or whether the law simply provides consequences for the information not being in writing. 4 . for the purpose of satisfying the requirement referred to in paragraph 1. or (b) To adduce evidence of the non-reliability of an electronic signature. Draft Version 1. including any relevant agreement. in the light of all the circumstances. the reliability of an electronic signature. that requirement is met by a data message if the information contained therein is accessible so as to be usable for subsequent reference.. (2) Paragraph 1 applies whether the requirement referred to therein is in the form of an obligation or whether the law simply provides consequences for the absence of a signature. (3) An electronic signature is presumed to be reliable for the purpose of satisfying the requirement referred to in paragraph 1 if: (a) it is uniquely linked to the signatory. (3) The provisions of this article do not apply to the following requirements for information to be in writing: [.] Comment [INZ1]: E.0 Article 6: Writing requirements (1) Where the law requires information to be in writing. that requirement is met in relation to a data message if an electronic signature is used that is as reliable as was appropriate for the purpose for which the data message was generated or communicated.. To be discussed by the Drafting Committee Article 7: Signature requirements (1) Where the law requires a signature of a person. (4) Paragraph 3 does not limit the ability of any person: (a) To establish in any other way.
sent or received.] Comment [INZ2]: e. that information is capable of being displayed to the person to whom it is to be presented. Article 9: Record Retention Requirements (1) Where the law requires that certain documents. (2) Paragraph (1) applies whether the requirement therein is in the form of an obligation or whether the law simply provides consequences for the information not being presented or retained in its original form. (3) For the purposes of subparagraph (a) of paragraph (1): (a) the criteria for assessing integrity shall be whether the information has remained complete and unaltered. and 5 . apart from the addition of any endorsement and any change which arises in the normal course of communication. a will Article 8: Original Requirements (1) Where the law requires information to be presented or retained in its original form. provided that the following conditions are satisfied: (a) the information contained therein is accessible so as to be usable for subsequent reference. sent or received. that requirement is met by a data message if: (a) there exists a reliable assurance as to the integrity of the information from the time when it was first generated in its final form. storage and display.0 (5) The provisions of this article do not apply to the following requirements for a signature: [.. and (b) the standard of reliability required shall be assessed in the light of the purpose for which the information was generated and in the light of all the relevant circumstances.g. and (b) the data message is retained in the format in which it was generated. as a data message or otherwise. or in a format which can be demonstrated to represent accurately the information generated. Draft Version 1.. and (b) where it is required that information be presented. records or information be retained. that requirement is met by retaining data messages.
(3) A contract formed by the interaction of an automated message system and a natural person. records or information in accordance with paragraph (1) does not extend to any information the sole purpose of which is to enable the message to be sent or received. (b) if it is the best evidence that the person adducing it could reasonably be expected to obtain. to the reliability of the manner in which the integrity of the information was maintained. is retained as enables the identification of the origin and destination of a data message and the date and time when it was sent or received. or commercial court rules. or. or by the interaction of automated message systems. is to be considered as an invitation to make offers. unless otherwise agreed by the parties.0 (c) such information. 6 . stored or communicated. unless it clearly indicates the intention of the party making the proposal to be bound in case of acceptance.] shall apply so as to deny the admissibility of a data Comment [INZ3]: This should reference the relevant civil procedure message in evidence: rules and. Article 11: Contract formation (1) In the context of contract formation. Draft Version 1. shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that no natural person reviewed each of the individual actions carried out by the systems or the resulting contract. and to any other relevant factor. an offer and the acceptance of an offer may be expressed by means of data messages. that contract shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that a data message was used for that purpose. or. (2) An obligation to retain documents. on the grounds that it is not in its original form. including proposals that make use of interactive applications for the placement of orders through such information systems. if any. a court shall have regard to the reliability of the manner in which the data message was generated. Article 10: Evidential requirements (1) In any legal proceedings. (a) on the sole ground that it is a data message. (2) A proposal to conclude a contract made through one or more electronic communications which is not addressed to one or more specific parties. Where a data message is used in the formation of a contract. nothing in the application of the rules of evidence under […………………. but is generally accessible to parties making use of information systems. (2) Information in the form of a data message shall be given due evidential weight. to the manner in which its originator was identified. In assessing the evidential weight of a data message.
and to act on that assumption. a data message is deemed to be that of the originator if it was sent: (a) by a person who had the authority to act on behalf of the originator in respect of that data message. (3) As between the originator and the addressee.] Comment [INZ4]: This reflects Article 2 of the UNCITRAL 2005 Convention. or on behalf of. 7 . or relieves a party from the legal consequences of its failure to do so.. PART 3 – COMMUNICATIONS PROCESS Article 13: Attribution (1) A data message is that of the originator if it was sent by the originator itself. (5) The provisions of this article do not apply to the following types of contract: [. a declaration of will or other statement shall not be denied legal effect. (2) As between the originator and the addressee. if: (a) in order to ascertain whether the data message was that of the originator. validity or enforceability solely on the grounds that it is in the form of a data message. or (b) the data message as received by the addressee resulted from the actions of a person whose relationship with the originator or with any agent of the originator enabled that person to gain access to a method used by the originator to identify data messages as its own. the originator to operate automatically.. or (b) by an information system programmed by. an addressee is entitled to regard a data message as being that of the originator. Article 12: Declarations and other statements As between the originator and the addressee of a data message. the addressee properly applied a procedure previously agreed to by the originator for that purpose.0 (4) Nothing in this Law affects the application of any rule of law that may require a party that negotiates some or all of the terms of a contract through the exchange of electronic communications to make available to the other party those electronic communications that contain the contractual terms in a particular manner. Draft Version 1.
except to the extent that it duplicates another data message and the addressee knew or should have known. Article 14: Time and place of dispatch and receipt of data messages (1) The time of dispatch of an electronic communication is the time when it leaves an information system under the control of the originator or of the party who sent it on behalf of the originator or. The addressee is not so entitled when it knew or should have known. that the data message was a duplicate. and to act on that assumption. the addressee is entitled to regard the data message as received as being what the originator intended to send. at any time when the addressee knew or should have known. (3) An electronic communication is deemed to be dispatched at the place where the originator has its place of business and is deemed to be received at the place where the addressee has its place of business. had it exercised reasonable care or used any agreed procedure. The time of receipt of an electronic communication at another electronic address of the addressee is the time when it becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee at that address and the addressee becomes aware that the electronic communication has been sent to that address. then. or the addressee is entitled to act on that assumption. the time when the electronic communication is received. 8 . that the data message was not that of the originator. or (b) in a case within paragraph (3)(b). (2) The time of receipt of an electronic communication is the time when it becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee at an electronic address designated by the addressee. as between the originator and the addressee. and had reasonable time to act accordingly. had it exercised reasonable care or used any agreed procedure. An electronic communication is presumed to be capable of being retrieved by the addressee when it reaches the addressee’s electronic address. (5) Where a data message is that of the originator or is deemed to be that of the originator. that the transmission resulted in any error in the data message as received. if the electronic communication has not left an information system under the control of the originator or of the party who sent it on behalf of the originator.0 (4) Paragraph (3) does not apply: (a) as of the time when the addressee has both received notice from the originator that the data message is not that of the originator. Draft Version 1. (6) The addressee is entitled to regard each data message received as a separate data message and to act on that assumption. had it exercised reasonable care or used any agreed procedure.
[……. (d) the legal recognition of foreign Certification Service Providers. licence or approval. Draft Version 1. (b) issues any permit.] has a duty to give full and due consideration to recommendations. and in consultation with other Ministerial Departments. (2) In the course of drafting regulations under this article. policies and standards endorsed by the ASEAN Secretariat or other relevant organisations.0 (4) Paragraph 2 of this article applies notwithstanding that the place where the information system supporting an electronic address is located may be different from the place where the electronic communication is deemed to be received under paragraph 3 of this article. where it Comment [INZ5]: Or which ever Ministry or department is considered considers necessary. or (c) provides for the method and manner of payment. pursuant to any law: (a) accepts the filing of documents. may. or the creation or retention of such documents in the form of data messages. (ii) issue such permit. the Ministry of Commerce is empowered. to draft and issue regulations governing all or any the most appropriate. or requires that documents be created or retained. licence or approval in the form of data messages. any certificates issued by them or the provision of other services . (c) the standards with which Certification Service Providers are required to comply. PART 4 – CERTIFICATION SERVICE PROVIDERS Article 15: Issuance of Regulations (1) With the approval of the Prime Minister. following matters: (a) The right of Certification Service Providers to establish and provide certification services in the Kingdom of Cambodia. 9 . PART 5 – GOVERNMENT ACTS AND TRANSACTIONS Article 16: Acceptance of data messages (1) Any part of the Government that. notwithstanding anything to the contrary in such written law — (i) accept the filing of such documents. (b) the terms and conditions under which Certification Service Providers may offer certification services to persons. or (iii) make such payment in electronic form.
suppress or render inaccessible computer data on an information system. any non-public transmission of computer data to. alter. created.0 (2) In any case where a part of the Government decides to perform any of the functions in subsection (1) (i). the access to the whole or any part of an information system knowing or having reason to believe that he is not authorised to secure such access. such agency may specify: (a) The manner and format in which such data message or electronic communication shall be filed. deteriorate. including electromagnetic emissions from an information system carrying such computer data. (ii) or (iii). when committed intentionally. (b) Where such data messages have to be signed. Article 20: System interference It shall be an offence for any person. intentionally and without right. to damage. intentionally and without right. for any person to unlawfully intercept. electronic communication or payments that are currently specified for corresponding paper documents. electronic communication or payments. 10 . transmitting. PART 6 – OFFENCES AGAINST THE CONFIDENTIALITY. Draft Version 1. retained or issued. from or within an information system. by technical means. (3) Nothing in this Act shall by itself compel any part of the Government to accept or issue any document in the form of data messages. (d) Control processes and procedures as appropriate to ensure adequate integrity. Article 19: Data interference It shall be an offence for any person. INTEGRITY AND AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND COMPUTER DATA Comment [INZ6]: Should this comprise an amendment to the Criminal Code or be stand-alone? Article 17: Illegal access It shall be an offence for any person to commit intentionally. delete. Article 18: Illegal interception It shall be an offence. to interfere with the functioning of an information system by inputting. (c) The manner and format in which such signature shall be affixed to the data message. security and confidentiality of data messages. the type of electronic signature required. and (e) Any other required attributes for data messages.
fine in accordance with the following schedule: Comment [INZ7]: The level of penalties will need to be determined by reference to the Criminal Code. to attempt to commit any of the offences referred to in articles 17 through 22 of this Law. to incite. Article 23: Incitement. deteriorating. altering. or. for any person to cause a loss of property to another person by: (1) any input. without right. an economic benefit for oneself or for another person. with fraudulent or dishonest intent of procuring. when committed intentionally. (2) It shall be an offence. Draft Version 1. when committed intentionally and without right. deleting. resulting in inauthentic data with the intent that it be considered or acted upon for legal purposes as if it were authentic. Article 22: Computer-related fraud It shall be an offence. aid or abet others. Article 21: Computer data-related forgery It shall be an offence. Article 24: Penalties A person found guilty of committing one or more of the offences under Part 6 of this Law may be liable on conviction to a term of imprisonment and. regardless whether or not the data is directly readable and intelligible. in the commission of any of the offences referred to in articles 17 through 22 of this Law. 11 . alter. when committed intentionally. for any person to input. suppressing or rendering inaccessible computer data. when committed intentionally and without right. complicity or attempt (1) It shall be an offence. aiding or abetting. deletion or suppression of computer data. or are complicit with others. alteration. delete or suppress computer data.0 damaging. (2) any interference with the functioning of an information system.
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