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Draft Copy. Change Management. Release Date: March 18, Prepared by: Thomas Bronack - PDF
Draft Copy. Change Management. Release Date: March 18, Prepared by: Thomas Bronack
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1 Draft Copy Change Management Release Date: March 18, 2012 Prepared by: Thomas Bronack
2 Section Table of Contents 10. CHANGE MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION TO CHANGE MANAGEMENT PURPOSE OF SECTION SCOPE OF SECTION DOCUMENT SECTION FORMAT CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCESS DEFINITION PROCESS SCOPE CHANGE DEFINITION SCOPE OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES BENEFITS DERIVED FROM CHANGE MANAGEMENT SMC DISCIPLINE INTERFACES ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES SUPPLIER OF SERVICE RECEIVER OF SERVICE (PROCESS CUSTOMERS) OWNER CHANGE COORDINATOR RESPONSIBILITIES INDIVIDUAL DEPARTMENT CHANGE MANAGEMENT REPRESENTATIVE CHANGE APPROVER RESPONSIBILITIES CHANGE IMPLEMENTER (REQUESTER OR ASSIGNEE) CHANGE MEETING REVIEW BOARD MEETINGS CHANGE MANAGEMENT MEETING PROCESS OVERVIEW AND FLOW CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCESS DESCRIPTION CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCESS PHASES CREATE CHANGE REQUEST PERFORM TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT PERFORM BUSINESS ASSESSMENT TEST CHANGE SCHEDULE CHANGE APPROVE CHANGE INSTALL CHANGE MEASUREMENTS AND ONGOING PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS Change Management Page: 10.2
3 10.4. PROCESS ELEMENTS PRODUCTS AIDS TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMON PROCEDURES EXCEPTION CHANGE MAINTENANCE CHANGE CHANGE LEAD TIME PROCESS EVALUATION MEASUREMENTS AND REPORTS PERIODIC REVIEWS PROCESS VIOLATION ESCALATION APPENDIX A - OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW (ORR) CHECKLIST GENERAL INFORMATION: TESTING INFORMATION: BATCH CHECKLIST: ON-LINE CHECKLIST: HARDWARE/PROGRAM PRODUCT CHECKLIST EDP SECURITY ADMINISTRATION GLOSSARY Change Management Page: 10.3
4 Section Table of Figures FIGURE 1: SMC DISCIPLINE INTERFACES FIGURE 2: CHANGE MANAGEMENT MEETING AGENDA AND SCHEDULE FIGURE 3: OVERVIEW OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCESS FIGURE 4: CHANGE MANAGEMENT PHASES - FLOW CHART (PART 1 OF 2) FIGURE 5: CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCESS - FLOW CHART (PART 2 OF 2) FIGURE 6: CREATE CHANGE REQUEST PROCESS FIGURE 7: CREATING A CHANGE REQUEST - INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FIGURE 8: PERFORMING TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF A CHANGE REQUEST FIGURE 9: PERFORM TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT - INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FIGURE 10: PERFORMING A BUSINESS ASSESSMENT OF A CHANGE REQUEST FIGURE 11: PERFORM BUSINESS ASSESSMENT - INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FIGURE 12: TESTING CHANGE REQUESTS FIGURE 13: TEST CHANGE - INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FIGURE 14: SCHEDULE CHANGE - FLOW CHART FIGURE 15: SCHEDULE CHANGE - INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FIGURE 16: APPROVE CHANGE - FLOW CHART FIGURE 17: APPROVE CHANGE - INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FIGURE 18: INSTALL CHANGE - FLOW CHART FIGURE 19: CHANGE INSTALL - INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FIGURE 20: MEASUREMENTS - FLOW CHART FIGURE 21: CHANGE MEASUREMENTS - INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FIGURE 22: CHANGE COMPLEXITY FACTOR TABLE (1 OF 3) FIGURE 23: CHANGE COMPLEXITY FACTOR TABLE (2 OF 3) FIGURE 24: CHANGE COMPLEXITY FACTOR TABLE (3 OF 3) Change Management Page: 10.4
5 10. Change Management Introduction to Change Management Purpose of Section This document section is intended to be the main source of information for the Change Management Process. It outlines: What the Change Management process is; Requirements associated with the Change Management process; and, All necessary information pertinent to Change Management Scope of Section This document section describes the process used to perform the Change Management function. It is not intended to provide the detailed data entry requirements needed for each area to perform their day-to-day tasks. It is assumed that these areas will maintain individual desk procedures outlining, in detail, those requirements. It is the responsibility of the Department Manager to ensure that individual desk procedures are maintained and available for general use and that the desk procedures comply with the process described here. Change Management Page: 10.5
6 Document Section Format This document section addresses the following topics of information: It provides an overview of the Change Management process which includes its; definition, scope, and objective(s). It describes the Change Management Process and the responsibilities that are associated with it. It describes the meetings which directly relate to the process. It provides a more detailed process description than that given in the overview. This description includes the process decomposition diagram, data flow diagrams, inputs, outputs, entry points, exit points, etc. It describes the various relationships that this process has with other processes. It lists all productivity aids that are used, along with a brief explanation of how they are used. It describes the education process. It describes the key measures of process effectiveness. It provides a description of the management reporting process. It contains a copy of the blank compliance checklist that should be completed annually by the Change Coordinator. Change Management Page: 10.6
7 Change Management Process Definition The definition of Change Management is the process of planning, coordinating, and monitoring changes affecting the managed computing resources Process Scope The Change Management process, described within this document, details the procedures for changes to the following resources, which are inclusive, but not limited to: Hardware: Host Mainframe Computers, Channels, Control Units, Devices, etc.; System Software: Operating Systems, Sub-Systems, Access Methods, Data Bases, Utility and Vendor Products, etc.; The Data Communications Network: Software, Communications Controllers, Terminals, etc.; Application Software: On-Line and Batch applications, etc.: The Environment: Electrical, Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning; and Procedures: Documentation used to support systems, applications and processes. Change Management Page: 10.7
8 Change Definition A change is defined as any installation or alteration to: Hardware; Software; Procedures; Environmental Facilities; or, Application Software. Change activity is defined as any action that: Adds to; Deletes from; or, Modifies the computing environment or its attached network. Reasons for making changes could be: New Function; New Hardware; Performance Tuning; Growth; Technology; Fix Problems; or to Prevent Problems. Change Management Page: 10.8
9 Scope of Change Management The Change Management process begins with the creation of a change request. A change is defined as any alteration to: Hardware; Software; Network; Application; Operational Procedure, or Environmental Component. The change must either add to, delete from, or otherwise modify: The Mainframe Host Computer Environment; or, The Data Network. A successful change is defined as a change that becomes operational on the first installation attempt within the allotted time and does not need to be backed-out, circumvented, or modified; and, does not alter of effect any operation or user component of the system other than intended. An unsuccessful change is defined as a change that does not become operational on the first installation attempt within the allotted time. It requires back-out, or modification. The process includes Change Management for both the hardware and software components of the following systems: Host - This includes the primary data processing system used to support batch, on-line and data base operations. Communications Data Network - Including host attached and controller attached devices utilizing modems that communicate between company locations/clients and the host computer. The Data Network does not include Voice Communications (i.e., Phones), but does include PC s that communicate to the mainframe via Transmission Control Units that are channel attached to the host computer. Change Management Page: 10.9
10 Objectives The objectives of Change Management are to: Implement changes in adherence with company policy; Provide a system that reduces, or eliminates, disruptions due to change activities; Implement changes on schedule; Coordinate change activities; Eliminate, or reduce, the number of change back-outs caused by ineffective change planning or implementation; Implement changes without exceeding estimated system utilization; Eliminate, or reduce, the number of problems caused by changes; and, Eliminate, or reduce, system outages caused by changes. The Change Management process is designed to ensure that installation or modification of computing resources is implemented in an orderly and controlled fashion to minimize change failures and maximize productivity. Management can assess the impact of changes through Change Management reports and regularly scheduled Change Management meetings. Change Management Page: 10.10
11 Benefits Derived from Change Management The Change Management System is designed to ensure that changes made to the production data processing environment are successfully: Planned; Tested; Scheduled; and, Implemented. The results of implementing a controlled Change Management process are to optimize system availability and minimize outages related to unsuccessful change activities. A Change Management System improves data processing quality by: Certifying adherence to dictated standards; Ensuring that Component and Release Management guidelines are followed; Validating the presence of required documentation; and Providing a mechanism to remove failed changes. The Change Management process covers all operating environments and is used to: define, justify, assess, schedule, implement, and validate change activity targeted for the data processing environment. The Change Management process produces reports that are distributed to management and technical personnel. These reports describe all changes planned for the data processing environment. The Change Management reports are also utilized to support the Change Management meeting agenda; where change activities are discussed and change schedules established. Change Management Page: 10.11
12 SMC Discipline Interfaces The Change Management. process interfaces with other SMC processes and key business areas. The diagram below shows how Change Management interfaces with the other Systems Management and Control (SMC) disciplines within the organization. SMC Organization Systems Management and Controls (SMC) Batch Management Service Level Management Recovery Management Change Management On-Line Management Inventory Management EDP Security Management Problem Management Configuration Management Vital Records Management Capacity Management Performance Management Figure 1: SMC Discipline Interfaces The owners of the SMC disciplines can be identified through the current Technology Operations Organization Chart, which is maintained by the Administration Area. The various SMC disciplines are grouped together based on their common functionality. For example; Problem and Change Management are related, while Capacity, Performance, Inventory and Configuration Management are all related to Service Level Management. Change Management Page: 10.12
13 The remainder of this section will describe how SMC disciplines directly interface with the Change Management process. Inventory Management Whenever a change results in the Acquisition, Redeployment, or Termination of an Asset, the Inventory Management System will be updated to reflect the Change Control activity. By keeping the Inventory System in sync with the Change Management system, it will be possible to maintain an accurate and current inventory of all assets included within Technology Operations. This information is needed for financial planning, environmental evaluation, and problem analysis. Configuration Management If a change adds, deletes, or otherwise moves components within a location, then the Configuration Management documentation for that area must be updated to reflect the new configuration. This information is used to support Recovery and Problem Management. Capacity Management If a change affects the amount of resources at a location, or used by an application, then the Capacity Management discipline must be aware of the change. This information is needed to define the capacity of available resources and for the distribution of these resources in support of business applications and services. It is therefore critical that any changes that affect resource capacity be identified and the Capacity Management area notified. Performance Management When a change affects performance, then the Performance Management group should be notified. This information will be used to explain deviations in reported performance and will allow the Performance and Capacity Management areas to adjust their forecasts accordingly. Change Management Page: 10.13
14 Service Level Management If a change affects the amount of service available to an application or business service that has a Service Level expectation, then it is imperative that the impact of the change be known prior to its implementation. The Service Level impact will be compared against any contractual agreement(s) and discussions with the Business User conducted before the change can be implemented. If the impacted Business User does not approve the change because of its impact on Service, then the change will be rejected until it can be implemented within interfering with the level of service supplied to the Business User. Batch Management Should a Batch Job experience a change to JCL, Programs, or Data Files then the impact of the change must be known before the change can be implemented. The impact of a Batch job change should be communicated to personnel having a need to know about the impact. The Change Management process will ensure that all pertinent information needed to describe and justify the change are produced and that the change goes through proper testing and quality assurance prior to being installed. On-Line Management If a change is associated with an on-line system, then its impact on the on-line system must be known prior to implementing the change. Information concerning other SMC disciplines must be provided to the On-Line Management area for evaluation before the change can be implemented. Should the On-Line Management area find that the change impacts other system areas, then the change may be deferred until the conflict is resolved. The use of these checksand-balances is designed to safeguard the vast array of system resources under the control of the Technical Operations department. Recovery Management The Recovery Management discipline is responsible for identifying and safeguarding Critical Applications and the Vital Records associated with these applications. Recovery Management includes: EDP Security and Access Controls placed over application resources, Vital Records Management (including back-up, vaulting, and recovery operations), and the Recovery Planning for Technology Operations. Any changes that impact critical applications or resources, will therefore be reported to the Recovery Management area for an impact analysis. The findings of Change Management Page: 10.14
15 the Recovery Management area will be reviewed during the evaluation of the impending Change Control. Problem Management The implementation of a Change may affect the procedures used to recover and restore operations in the event of a problem. Therefore, it is imperative that any alteration to recovery and restoration operations caused by a change be reported to the Problem Management area. Additionally, any new components that may be impacted by a problem should be identified and recovery procedures developed. Once developed, these procedures should be added to the documentation associated with the component being altered. Change Management Page: 10.15
16 10.2. Roles and Responsibilities A Change Management Process is as effective as its participants and must be administered with a degree of flexibility and clear definition of responsibilities to ensure effective results. It is not the organization which is important, but the effective execution of the Change Management Process responsibilities. Service Suppliers and Receivers Technology Operations Supplier of Service: Business Customers Receiver of Service: Systems Support, Data Center, Operations. Applications, Business Users, Customers, Technology Users. Figure 2: Service Suppliers and Receivers Supplier of Service The Supplier of Service for this process is the: System Support, Data Center, and Operations areas within the Technology Operations organization. They must understand the customer's needs and design the solution to meet or exceed the customer's requirements. The Supplier of Service must also provide a stable environment and maximize service availability and reliability. Change Management Page: 10.16
17 Receiver of Service (Process Customers) The Receiver of Service, or Customer of this process, may be one or more of the people or groups that requires the service of the Technology Operations organization. This individual (or group) may be a designated representative for this process. They must provide an accurate picture of their needs, environment, and a forecast of any future changes which may affect the level of service provided to them. They must also assist with business justification for any additional system resources which may be required to support those needs. Change Management Roles and Responsibilities Change Owner Change Approver Change Coordinator Change Meeting Review Board Department Representative Change Implementator Figure 3: Change Management Roles and Responsibilities Change Management Page: 10.17
18 Owner The manager of the department to which a change record is assigned. The Owner must ensure accuracy of data and timeliness of the change implementation, as well as, overall compliance of the Change Management Process. The owner is responsible for the following: Review and understand the Change Management Process. Understand and concur with the nature of the change to be implemented. Sign-off on changes owned by them. - Concur with the requested installation date. - Concur with the nature and impact of the change. - Concur with test results. Fully understand the business impact of the change. Responsible for customer/user communications. Ensure education is provided to the customer/user community. Change Management Page: 10.18
19 Change Coordinator Responsibilities The Change Coordinator is responsible for maintaining Change Management Standards and Procedures contained within the Standards and Procedures Manual. The specific duties of the Change Coordinator are: Review and update the Change Management process, as needed; Facilitate Change Management Meetings; - Prepare and distribute meeting information and reports; Review all change requests to ensure clarity of information; Identify potential exposures; Analyze change data and communicate to management potential exposures; Ensure changes are approved prior to implementation; Review and close installed changes; Assist departments in the change process; Maintain process document; Attempt to resolve change conflicts and escalate to management as necessary; Develop and distribute Change Management reports and measurements; and Provide education as needed. Change Management Page: 10.19
20 Individual Department Change Management Representative The Department Representative is assigned by the Department Manager. This person works closely with the Change Coordinator to help ensure understanding and compliance of the process by the department. Responsibilities include: Review and understand the Change Management process; Ensure change records have proper documentation; Attend required meetings; Notify the Change Coordinator of potential exposures; Ensure the department is in compliance with the Change Management process; and Work with the Change Coordinator to provide departmental education. Change Management Page: 10.20
21 Change Approver Responsibilities The Change Approver is typically the last approver in the Change Process. By approving the change, the Approver has indicated that they have performed the following: Has reviewed and understands the Change Process; Understands and concurs with the change and its impact; Ensured that there are no outstanding conflicts or issues with the change; Ensured that the change will be installed as indicated by the change installation date; Has ensured that the change will be installed according to the change instruction; Has received instructions on what to look for if a problem with the change should arise; and, Has been provided with back-out instructions on how to remove the change and revert to the older release of the component. Change Management Page: 10.21
22 Change Implementer (Requester or Assignee) The Change Implementer is responsible for compliance with the change process while requesting, scheduling, communicating and installing changes. A Change Implementer can be either the person: originating a change, approving the change, performing activities associated with the change, or the Implementer of the change. This is because a single change may require many tasks to be performed, each within a different operational area. With the vast array of people potentially associated with a change, it is imperative that a strong degree of communications be maintained. The process described below is designed to pass data among change related personnel and to maintain an Audit Trail of change activities. Responsibilities include: Review and understand the Change Management Process; Ensure change records contain proper documentation; Ensure all affected areas are informed of the proposed change; Ensure proper testing and test results; Provide back-out information, if applicable, for each change; Minimize the impact of the change on the environment, schedule, or service agreement; Attend required meetings; Present changes in change meetings; Integrity of change information; Provide required education on the change to be implemented; Update change records with problem information resulting from the installed change; Clearly document any special instructions in the change record; Responsible for technical assessment; and, Obtain proper approval. Change Management Page: 10.22
23 Change Meeting Review Board The Change Management Review Board is comprised of Change Management Department Representatives, whose responsibility is to formally review all changes presented in the change meeting. Working together, the group can provide valuable insight to the Change Implementer of potential exposures, since they represent their departments in the process, they are aware of all the activity going on within their areas. Responsibilities include: Review all scheduled changes prior to the meeting; - Identify and communicate to the requester any concerns/exposures, - Ensure all up-front cross team/function activities are complete, - Attempt to resolve any concerns/exposures prior to the meeting, - Communicate to the Change Coordinator any unresolved concerns, Provide leadership to the change Implementer; Assist in resolving any identified concerns/exposures; Approve or Reject all changes presented in the meeting; Communicate back to the department any high impact activities; Understand how change errors can be detected; Understand how changes in error can be backed-out; Understand the nature of the requested change; and, Understand the impact of the requested change. Change Management Page: 10.23
24 Meetings In order to ensure an effective change process, it is important that members from various areas meet on a regular basis. However, it is very important that each meeting have a purpose and everyone understands fully the objectives of the meeting Change Management Meeting The Change Management Meeting is designed to provide a forum whereby a change can be presented. The following process evaluations should be reviewed: Technical Assessment Business Assessment Implementation Plan Consideration for Scheduling Validate Results See following page for a pictorial view of the Change Management Meeting process. Change Management Page: 10.24
25 Change Management Process Change Record Change Repository Change Report Change Report Review and Schedule Changes, including Emergency Changes, Address all Issues and Concerns, Define Change Activities and Support Personnel, Finalize Change Calendar, Obtain Approval. Change Management Meeting Old Changes, New Changes, Future Changes. A single weekly Change Management meeting is held on Thursdays to discuss all past, present and future change activities. The changes are reviewed, concerns are addressed, activities planned, and support personnel named. Afterwards, a finalized calendar of changes is devised and approval for implementing changes is obtained. Figure 4: Change Management meeting agenda and schedule. Change Management Page: 10.25
26 10.3. Process Overview and Flow Change Management Process Description When preparing a change, there are several items that must be considered to minimize the impact of the change on the environment. The impact of the change - Consider the affect of a possible failure - Consider the impact on other systems or applications The risk of installing the change - Complexity - The probability of a failure The type of change - Hardware - Software, etc... The priority/urgency - How soon is it required Communications - Create change record as soon as possible - Publish the change Change Management Page: 10.26
27 Change Management Process Phases There are eight phases (A-H listed below) associated with the Change Management Process and each phase has four steps (1-4 listed below phases). The process begins when a change record is documented and recorded in a common repository The process ends once the change request has been closed. The process includes phases A through H listed below: A. Create change request; B. Perform technical assessment; C. Perform business assessment; D. Test change; E. Schedule change; F. Approve change; G. Install change; and, H. Measurements and Ongoing Process Improvements. Each phase has four steps, which are: 1. Definition. 2. Scope. 3. Inputs. 4. Outputs. Change Management Page: 10.27
28 Change Management Phases and Steps Change Phases: Create Change Request Phase Steps: Definition Scope Inputs Outputs Perform Technical Assessment Perform Business Assessment Test Change The Change Management process has eight phases, each with four steps. Beginning with the submission of a Change Request and ending with the installation of the change, the Change Management process insures that required safeguards are taken when implementing changes to the production data processing environment. The Standards and Procedures Manual describes the basics of Change Management, while the Change Management Usage Manual provides step-by-step instructions on how to access and use the Change Management System. Schedule Change Approve Change Install Change Measure & Improve Figure 5: Overview of Change Management process Change Management Page: 10.28
29 Change Management Process Technical Operations, Business User, Applications Development Return for additional data Change Create Change Request Request for Change Received Change Request Entered Documentation includes: Impact, Risk, Complexity, Description, Schedule, and Priority of Change Data Complete? Yes No Perform Technical Assessment Evaluate Technical Feasibility, Risk, and Impact Change Installers are responsible for Technical Assessment OK? Yes No Perform Business Assessment Evaluate Business Impact, Risk, and Installation Time Ensure Enterprise and Audit Compliance OK? Yes No Test Change Unit, Integration and Function Testing System and Performance Testing Acceptance / Installation Testing No OK? Yes B C Return for additional information Figure 6: Change Management Phases - Flow Chart (part 1 of 2). Change Management Page: 10.29
30 Change Management Process continued... From Test Change B Return for Additional Information C Schedule Change Assessments Completed Successfully Resources Available Enter in Change Calendar OK? Yes No Approve Change Suppliers of Service Change Management OK? Yes No Change Approved Install Change Change Installed Change Tested OK? Yes No Measurements Change Activity Reports Problem Reports Performance Reports Analyze and Recommend Feed-Back from Meetings On-Going Improvements Update Standards and Procedures Update Documentation Provide Training END Figure 7: Change Management Process - Flow Chart (Part 2 of 2) Change Management Page: 10.30
31 Create Change Request Create Change Request Request for Change Received Change Request Entered into Info/Man Documentation includes: Impact, Risk, Complexity, Description, Schedule, and Priority of Change Data Complete? Yes No Figure 8: Create Change Request process. 1. PROCESS DEFINITION: The Create Change Request process is the first phase of Change Management and is responsible for defining a change targeted for the production environment. A change request is the actual notification of a plan to change the current environment. It is entered through a Change Record and it is the initial entry of information regarding the planned activity. 2. PROCESS SCOPE: This phase begins with a request for change for any Technology Operations managed resources. The change request is entered into the Change Management System and a Change Record created. This phase ends with a completed change record contained within the Change Repository Documentation The documentation included with the Change Request includes plans and activities required for modifying the environment and must describe the change s: Impact, Risk, Complexity, and Priority Change Management Page: 10.31
32 The required input and derived outputs associated with this phase are. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Change Request, Requester Data, Detail Data, Change Type, Change Complexity, Description, Reviews Required, Start / End Dates, Scheduling Data, Business Justification, Backout / Recovery Plans, Activity Record(s), Identify Assignee, Resource(s) affected, Identified Approver(s). Create Change Request Change Record in Change Management Repository, Impact and Risk Assessment. Figure 9: Creating a Change Request - Inputs and Outputs 3. PROCESS INPUTS: Change Request Request to change any managed Technology Operations resource. Requester Data Documented requester personal information for identification and communication. Detail Data Specific information pertaining to change record. Change Management Page: 10.32
33 Change Type The category of the change request (e.g., hardware, software, application). Change Complexity The impact and the degree of risk associated with the change type. Description Freeform detailed documentation of the change and all associated activity for analysis purposes. Reviews Required Business impact consideration (e.g., security and operations documentation). Start / End Dates Current target date/time duration. Scheduling Data Documented Prerequisites, Co-Requisites, and Dependencies. Business Justification Documented business reason, why the change is required, and/or benefit to the company. Identification of the business rationale for implementing the change. Delineation of the customer and/or Technology Operations support goals that would be realized upon implementation of the change (i.e., increased performance, addition of a new function, installation of new equipment, etc.). Change Management Page: 10.33
34 Backout/Recovery Plans Specific action to be taken if the change does not perform as planned. Activity Record(s) Identification of significant events/tasks that must be performed to implement change, such as a form that must be completed, or an approval, etc... Identify Assignee Change implementer -- the person who has ownership and accountability for ensuring that the change is implemented per change record. Resource(s) Identification of specific components affected by the implementation of the change. Identify Approver(s) Identification of the person(s) who must approve the change request prior to implementation. 4. PROCESS OUTPUTS: Change Record Composite of all data and information associated with the change. Impact and Risk Assessment Evaluation of the impact and risk of the change to the environment. Change Management Page: 10.34
35 Perform Technical Assessment Perform Technical Assessment Evaluate Technical Feasibility, Risk, and Impact Change Installers are responsible for Technical Assessment OK? Yes No Figure 10: Performing Technical Assessment of a Change Request 1. DEFINITION: The Perform Technical Assessment process will evaluate the technical feasibility, risk, and the singular effect of a change, as well as, the global effect of the change on the entire environment. The Technical Assessment is the responsibility of the person(s) installing the change. 2. SCOPE: This phase begins with validating the technical completeness of the change plans and evaluating the aggregate effect of the change to the production environment. This phase ends with technical approval of the change request, based on the evaluation of the change. The process includes a review of the change request, which encompasses: Co-requisites, prerequisites; Adequacy of plans in the change record; -- levels of testing required, -- backout/recovery plans, -- technical completeness of change plans, Dependencies and/or conflicts (activity records can be utilized to perform this function. They are similar to forms, where the Change Request is an Event); Aggregate effect of the change; Change Management Page: 10.35
36 Compliance with existing procedures; and, Notification of assessment meeting to appropriate parties. Formal technical assessments are recommended by the Change Management process when a change complexity is High Risk/High Impact, as defined in the section on Determining Complexity Levels. All areas required to review a High Complexity/High Risk or major activity must be formally notified. Individual assessments must be performed by those areas affected. The areas listed below may be affected by High Complexity/High Risk changes: Data Center Operations; Networking Services; Security; Facilities; Software Support; Application Development; and, Users. Required Inputs and Outputs to the Perform Technical Assessment process. The following figure represents the required inputs to the Perform Technical Assessment phase and the outputs derived from successfully completing this phase. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Risk Assessment, Performance Assessment, Capacity Assessment, Recovery Assessment, Backout Plan, Estimated Install Time, Impact to System Security, Change Record. Perform Technical Assessment Technical Assessment, Technical Approval, Change Record. Figure 11: Perform Technical Assessment - Inputs and Outputs Change Management Page: 10.36
37 3. PROCESS INPUTS: Risk Assessment Evaluation of the impact and risk of the change to the environment. Performance Assessment Assessment of the overall impact to system performance of the entire production environment. Capacity Assessment Assessment of the overall impact to production environment system capacity. Recovery Assessment Assessment of the overall impact to customer and/or Technology Operations services if implementation of the change fails. The assessment should be of sufficient detail and include the steps needed to return the system to its prior state. Backout Plan The plan should be of sufficient detail and include when and how it will be determined if a backout is needed to be performed. Estimated Install Time The amount of time (window) required to implement the change into production by all affected parties. Impact to System Security All System Owners have the responsibility to ensure their system is adequately protected. The decision about the level of protection required must be based on the data classification as well as the value of the service the system provides. Change Record Composite of all data and information associated with the change. Change Management Page: 10.37
38 4. PROCESS OUTPUTS: Technical Assessment Formal evaluation of the technical feasibility, associated risk (if any) and the overall technical effect of the change per the aforementioned PROCESS INPUTS. Technical Approval Approval or rejection of the change will be based in part on the merits of the Technical Assessment. In addition, it may be determined that the change be rescheduled for a later date/time when any risks and/or negative impacts associated with the change could be minimized. Change Record Composite of all data and information associated with the change. Change Management Page: 10.38
39 Perform Business Assessment Perform Business Assessment Evaluate Business Impact, Risk, and Installation Time Ensure Enterprise and Audit Compliance OK? Yes No Figure 12: Performing a Business Assessment of a Change Request 1. DEFINITION: The Perform Business Assessment phase is the process of performing an assessment of a change from the business risk, impact, and installation timing perspective. Its purpose is to confirm that the change is consistent with business objectives. 2. SCOPE: The phase begins with an assessment of the business plans and goals associated with the proposed Change Request and includes as assessment of the: Business Impact, Risk, and Installation Timing. The phase ends with business approval based on the evaluation of the business assessment. Change Management Page: 10.39
40 The phase includes: An analysis of the change to ensure the timing is not creating conflicts. Ensuring compliance requirements are met. Ensuring all affected parties are aware of the change. Ensuring change plans are compatible with and meet the plans and goals enterprise. Ensuring business audit requirements are met. Formalizing any additional recommendations or requirements prior to the approval process. of the The required inputs and derived outputs associated with this phase are: INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Service Level Impact, Technical Assessment, Technical Approval, Change Record. Perform Business Assessment Business Approval, Business Assessment, Change Record. Figure 13: Perform Business Assessment - Inputs and Outputs Change Management Page: 10.40
41 3. PROCESS INPUTS: Service Level Attainment Consider the stability of the affected resource(s) as related to service commitments. (i.e., could the implementation of the change/negatively impact prior service commitments). Technical Assessment Formal evaluation of the technical feasibility, associated risk (if any) and the overall technical effect of the change. Technical Approval Approval or Rejection of the change will be based in part on the merits of the Technical Assessment. In addition, it may be determined that the change be rescheduled for a later date/time when any risks and/or negative impacts associated with the change could be minimized. Once the change has been technically approved, it should be evaluated based on its business merits. Change Record Composite of all data and information associated with the change. Change Management Page: 10.41
42 4. PROCESS OUTPUTS: Business Approval Approval or rejection of the change will be based in of the merits of the Business Assessment. In addition, it may be determined that the change be rescheduled for a later date/time when any risks and/or negative impacts associated with the change could be minimized. Business Assessment Evaluation of the business feasibility, associated risk and the overall business effect of the change per the aforementioned PROCESS INPUTS. Overall business effect includes change requester business processes, related customer business processes, and I/S support processes. Change Record Composite of all data and information associated with the change. Change Management Page: 10.42
43 Test Change Test Change Unit, Integration and Function Testing System and Performance Testing Acceptance / Installation Testing No OK? Yes Figure 14: Testing Change Requests 1. DEFINITION: The Test Change is responsible for testing the change to the resource(s) to ensure that it functions as intended. Testing has four basic steps, which are: Unit Test - ensuring owner requirements are complete. Integration or Function Test - ensuring nothing has been broken because of the change. System/Performance Test - test under a working load to ensure stability. User Acceptance/Installation Test - ensuring the procedures are accurate for installing the change. Testing reduces the risk of failure and must be considered when approving changes. After reviewing all elements, the intent of the Change Process is to minimize impacts and maximize productivity of all resources involved. 2. SCOPE: This phase begins with the decision that testing is required and includes the performance of testing in the test environment. This phase ends with test results and user acceptance. Change Management Page: 10.43
44 The phase includes: Testing the proposed change prior to installation, Tracking, documenting and communicating test progress and results, Identification of problems and concerns, Successfully completing testing, and Obtaining User Acceptance of the installed change. The key to testing changes prior to installation is that a good test reduces the risk of failure. The types of tests that are conducted include: Unit Test Unit or string testing is performed by the developer who authors the code. Unit testing assures that the program performs as it was designed. Unit test environments are provided for application development work. They must contain, or have access to, all tools deemed necessary to accomplish the development mission. Unit test databases are roughly equivalent to one percent of a live system. Integration Test Integration (or function) test is performed by an independent test group and is sometimes combined with system test. Integration testing assures that the product meets functional specifications. Integration test environments are supported somewhat like the unit test systems. Integration test databases are equivalent to the unit test systems. System/Performance Test The system test process must assure the operability, reliability, and performance of the system. As mentioned before, the system test environment must be closely configured in all aspects to the production environment. Performance testing usually is executed near the end of the test cycle. Performance testing should assure that there are no impacts to any existing Service Level Definitions. Change Management Page: 10.44
45 User Acceptance/Installation Test User Acceptance/Installation Test should verify that the design implementation is what the user expects and that it is "user friendly." This test is normally done when a product greatly changes the way the user operates or introduces a totally new function. The owner, or owner representative, chooses the persons to do this test. The User Acceptance Test should be scheduled as soon as the code is stabilized, but in time for design changes. User Training User groups sometime require access to a test environment for training or education purposes. The required inputs and derived outputs associated with the Test Change phase are. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Change Test Requirement, Change Verification, Change Record. Test Changes User Acceptance, Test Results, Change Record. Figure 15: Test Change - Inputs and Outputs Change Management Page: 10.45
46 3. PROCESS INPUTS: Change Test Requirement Definition of the scope of the test, if applicable: -- Function(s) NOT tested -- Exception conditions to be tested (if any) -- Level of testing (unit, integration, system, user acceptance) -- Resource(s) required -- Dependencies -- Acceptance criteria Change Verification Identification of expectations of function and exception conditions to be tested. Specifically what should occur to prove the success of the change test; specifically what should NOT occur. Change Record Composite of all data and information associated with the change. Change Management Page: 10.46
47 4. PROCESS OUTPUTS: User Acceptance Documented verification that the change (as tested) meets the customer requirements and expectations. Test Result Completed documentation regarding the test scenarios as defined by the 'Change Test Requirement' PROCESS INPUT. Any/all deviations from the 'Change Test Requirement' or test exceptions encountered should be documented accordingly. An empirical evaluation of the success or failure of the change test per the 'Change Verification' PROCESS INPUT. Change Record Composite of all data and information associated with the change. Change Management Page: 10.47
48 Schedule Change Test Change Unit, Integration and Function Testing System and Performance Testing Acceptance / Installation Testing No OK? Yes Figure 16: Schedule Change - Flow Chart 1. DEFINITION: The Schedule Change phase is the process of scheduling a change for installation into the environment based upon recommendations, priorities, and resource availability. Before a change is scheduled, the business and technical assessments must be completed and no known/unresolved issues or concerns can remain outstanding. 2. SCOPE: This phase begins with an evaluation of the technical and business assessments and the current schedule change report. This phase ends with an updated report of scheduled changes for implementation. This phase includes obtaining agreement from Supplier(s) of Service as to the scheduling of the change prior to its approval. Change Management Page: 10.48
49 NOTE: Considerations include: -- Current state of the system -- Impacts and risks -- Criticality of the change -- Understanding of test scenarios -- Resources availability -- Service Level Definition, as to the number of interrupts allowed during a Measurement period. At this time the change is "locked in" to the scheduled date and time, and cannot be modified further without re-approval from the Supplier(s) of Service. The required inputs and derived outputs associated with this phase are. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Technical Approval, Business Approval, Technical Assessment, Change Schedule Report, Change Record. Schedule Change Change Schedule Report, Change Record. Figure 17: Schedule Change - Inputs and Outputs Change Management Page: 10.49
50 3. PROCESS INPUTS: Technical Approval Approval or rejection of the change will be based in part on the merits of the Technical Assessment. In addition, it may be determined that the change be rescheduled for a later date/time when any risks and/or negative impacts associated with the change could be minimized. Business Approval Approval or rejection of the change will be based in of the merits of the Business Assessment. In addition, it may be determined that the change be rescheduled for a later date/time when any risks and/or negative impacts associated with the change could be minimized. Business Assessment Evaluation of the business feasibility, associated risk and the overall business effect of the change per the aforementioned PROCESS INPUTS. Overall business effect includes change requester business processes, related customer business processes, and I/S support processes. Technical Assessment Formal evaluation of the technical feasibility, associated risk (if any) and the overall technical effect of the change per the aforementioned PROCESS INPUTS. Change Schedule Report A report containing a summary of approved changes to be installed. Change Management Page: 10.50
51 4. PROCESS OUTPUTS: Change Schedule Report Report identifying a scheduled date and time the change implementation as entered into Change Management process based upon the merits of the Technical and Business assessments and approvals as well as any/all prerequisites, co-requisites, and/or dependencies. Changes will not be scheduled for implementation prior to the resolution of any/all outstanding issues or concerns. Change Management Page: 10.51
52 Approve Change Approve Change Suppliers of Service Change Management OK? Yes No Change Approved Figure 18: Approve Change - Flow Chart 1. DEFINITION: The Approve Change phase is the process of obtaining approval of the change by the groups associated with the type of change proposed (listed below). Application changes require Supplier of Service and Customer Representative approval. All other change types require Supplier of Service approval. Approvals constitute acceptance of the following conditions, if applicable: Supplier of Service: -- Documentation is complete -- Education is completed/understood -- Concurrence with date/time scheduled -- Procedures have been reviewed -- Verification procedures understood -- Resource availability -- Technical assessment complete -- Understanding of the business assessment -- Performance and capacity review complete -- No security exposures -- Testing complete, if applicable -- Disaster recovery and Application Development review, if applicable -- Successful Change Management Change Management Page: 10.52
53 Change Management: -- Resolve concerns/issues -- Ensure process guidelines have been followed -- Resolve conflict among approvers -- Identify escalation point -- Represent absent parties where appropriate 2. SCOPE: This phase begins with changes ready for installation, pending approval. This phase ends with an on-line approval (updated Change Record) from Supplier of Service, and other affected areas, if applicable. This phase includes approval from Supplier of Service and other affected areas, if applicable. The required inputs and derived outputs associated with this phase are. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT User Acceptance, Test Results, Technical Assessment, Business Assessment, Change Record. Approve Change Approved Change, Reschedule Change, Change Record, Rejected Change. Figure 19: Approve Change - Inputs and Outputs Change Management Page: 10.53
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