Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9581651B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-06-19 23:49:28
Document Index: 575287502

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 11181708', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 11181708', 'Application No. 11181709', 'Application No. 11181711', 'Application No. 11181708', 'Application No. 11181709', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 11181709', 'Application No. 11181709']

US9581651B2 - Diagnostic use of physical and electrical battery parameters and storing relative condition data - Google Patents
Diagnostic use of physical and electrical battery parameters and storing relative condition data Download PDF
US9581651B2
US9581651B2 US14/486,574 US201414486574A US9581651B2 US 9581651 B2 US9581651 B2 US 9581651B2 US 201414486574 A US201414486574 A US 201414486574A US 9581651 B2 US9581651 B2 US 9581651B2
US14/486,574
US20150002162A1 (en
Taha Shabbir Husain Sutarwala
2011-09-16 Priority to US13/234,191 priority Critical patent/US8860420B2/en
2014-09-15 Application filed by BlackBerry Ltd filed Critical BlackBerry Ltd
2014-09-15 Priority to US14/486,574 priority patent/US9581651B2/en
2015-01-01 Publication of US20150002162A1 publication Critical patent/US20150002162A1/en
2015-02-02 Assigned to RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED reassignment RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RICH, DAVID GERARD, SENGUPTA, SURAJIT, SUTARWALA, TAHA SHABBIR HUSAIN
2017-02-28 Publication of US9581651B2 publication Critical patent/US9581651B2/en
In at least one embodiment, a power management module measures an electromagnetic radiation spectrum or a voltage response of a battery module. The measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum or voltage response of the battery is compared to a plurality of reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums or voltage responses, respectively, which may be determined for authentic batteries, for example. A relative condition of the battery, such as an age or state of health, may be estimated based on the measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum or voltage response of the battery module, and stored in a memory store. The rate of change of the relative condition of the battery over a period of time may be determined to identify potential defects in the battery.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/234,191, filed Sep. 16, 2011. The entire contents of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/234,191 is hereby incorporated by reference.
In one broad aspect, there is described herein an electronic device comprising: an interface for receiving a battery comprising a battery module for supplying power to the electronic device; and a power management module coupled to the battery and configured to: measure an electromagnetic radiation spectrum of the battery due to current flow in the battery module; compare the measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum of the battery to at least one of a plurality of reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums, each of the reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums corresponding with a different relative condition; determine a relative condition of the battery by comparing the measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum with one of the plurality of reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums; and store, in a memory store, data identifying the relative condition of the battery.
In another broad aspect, there is described herein an electronic device comprising: an interface for receiving a battery comprising a battery module for supplying power to the electronic device; and a power management module coupled to the battery and configured to: measure a voltage response of the battery due to current flow in the battery module; compare the measured voltage response of the battery to at least one of a plurality of reference voltage responses, each of the reference voltage responses corresponding with a different relative condition; determine a relative condition of the battery by comparing the measured voltage response with one of the plurality of reference voltage responses; and store, in a memory store, data identifying the relative condition of the battery.
In another broad aspect, each of the reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums comprises an electromagnetic radiation spectrum of an authentic battery.
In another broad aspect, each of the reference voltage responses comprises a voltage response of an authentic battery.
In another broad aspect, the power management module is further configured to: store additional data obtained when determining the relative condition of the battery.
In another broad aspect, the additional data comprises an indication of when the relative condition of the battery was determined.
In another broad aspect, the power management module is configured to: repeat measuring the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, comparing the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, and determining the relative condition of the battery at a second time such that a second relative condition of the battery is determined; compare the second relative condition of the battery with the relative condition of the battery previously stored in the memory store; determine a rate of change between the second relative condition of the battery and the relative condition of the battery previously stored in the memory store; and determine if the rate of change exceeds a threshold tolerance level.
In another broad aspect, the power management module is configured to: repeat measuring the voltage response, comparing the voltage response, and determining the relative condition of the battery at a second time such that a second relative condition of the battery is determined; compare the second relative condition of the battery with the relative condition of the battery previously stored in the memory store; determine a rate of change between the second relative condition of the battery and the relative condition of the battery previously stored in the memory store; and determine if the rate of change exceeds a threshold tolerance level.
In another broad aspect, the power management module is further configured to: store additional data obtained when determining the relative condition of the battery; wherein the additional data is used when determining the second relative condition of the battery.
In another broad aspect, the power management module is further configured to output an indicator of a potential defect in the battery if the rate of change is determined to exceed the threshold tolerance level.
In another broad aspect, the power management module is configured to: repeat measuring the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, comparing the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, determining the relative condition of the battery, and storing the relative condition for a plurality of instances such that a plurality of relative conditions of the battery are determined over a period of time; compare the plurality of relative conditions of the battery stored in the memory store; determine a rate of change of relative condition of the battery over the period of time; and determine if the rate of change exceeds a threshold tolerance level.
In another broad aspect, the power management module is configured to: repeat measuring the voltage response, comparing the voltage response, determining the relative condition of the battery, and storing the relative condition for a plurality of instances such that a plurality of relative conditions of the battery are determined over a period of time; compare the plurality of relative conditions of the battery stored in the memory store; determine a rate of change of relative condition of the battery over the period of time; and determine if the rate of change exceeds a threshold tolerance level.
In another broad aspect, there is described herein a method for authenticating a battery for use with an electronic device, the battery comprising a battery module for supplying power to the electronic device, the method comprising: measuring an electromagnetic radiation spectrum of the battery due to current flow in the battery module; comparing the measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum of the battery to at least one of a plurality of reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums, each of the reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums corresponding with a different relative condition; determining a relative condition of the battery by comparing the measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum with one of the plurality of reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums; and storing, in a memory store, data identifying the relative condition of the battery.
In another broad aspect, there is described herein a method for authenticating a battery for use with an electronic device, the battery comprising a battery module for supplying power to the electronic device, the method comprising: measuring a voltage response of the battery due to current flow in the battery module; comparing the measured voltage response of the battery to at least one of a plurality of reference voltage responses, each of the reference voltage responses corresponding with a different relative condition; determining a relative condition of the battery by comparing the measured voltage response with one of the plurality of reference voltage responses; and storing, in a memory store, data identifying the relative condition of the battery.
In another broad aspect, the method further comprises: repeating the measuring, the comparing, and the determining such that a second relative condition of the battery is determined; comparing the second relative condition of the battery with the relative condition of the battery previously stored in the memory store; determining a rate of change between the second relative condition of the battery and the relative condition of the battery previously stored in the memory store; and determining if the rate of change exceeds a threshold tolerance level.
In another broad aspect, the method further comprises: storing additional data obtained when determining the relative condition of the battery; wherein the additional data is used when determining the second relative condition of the battery.
In another broad aspect, the method further comprises outputting an indicator of a potential defect in the battery if the rate of change is determined to exceed the threshold tolerance level.
In another broad aspect, the method further comprises: repeating the measuring, the comparing, the determining, and the storing for a plurality of instances such that a plurality of relative conditions of the battery are determined over a period of time; comparing the plurality of relative conditions of the battery stored in the memory store; determining a rate of change of relative condition of the battery over the period of time; and determining if the rate of change exceeds a threshold tolerance level.
Signals received by the antenna 154 through the wireless network 200 are input to the receiver 150, which may perform such common receiver functions as signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection, and analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. A/D conversion of a received signal allows more complex communication functions such as demodulation and decoding to be performed by the communications processor 160. In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted are processed, including modulation and encoding, by the communications processor 160. These processed signals are input to the transmitter 152 for digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission over the wireless network 200 via the antenna 156. The communications processor 160 not only processes communication signals, but also provides for receiver and transmitter control. For example, the gains applied to communication signals in the receiver 150 and transmitter 152 may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented in the communications processor 160.
Once the GPRS Attach is complete, a tunnel is created and all traffic is exchanged within standard IP packets using any protocol that may be supported in IP packets. This includes tunneling methods such as IP over IP as in the case with some IPSecurity (IPsec) connections used with Virtual Private Networks (VPN). These tunnels are also referred to as Packet Data Protocol (PDP) contexts and there are a limited number of these available in the wireless network 200. To maximize use of the PDP Contexts, the wireless network 200 will run an idle timer for each PDP Context to determine if there is a lack of activity. When the mobile device 100 is not using the PDP Context allocated to the mobile device 100, the PDP Context may be de-allocated and the IP address returned to the IP address pool managed by the DHCP server 220.
In some cases, rather than taking measurements of the battery module 262 for naturally occurring conditions during operation of the mobile device 100 (e.g., an incoming GSM pulse), the power management module 134 may instead temporarily interrupt normal operation of the mobile device 100 in order to subject the battery module 262 to artificially created charging or discharging conditions. For example, the power management module 134 may request a certain current draw (e.g., 1C, 2C, 0.5C, etc.) on the battery module 262, and then measure the response of the battery module 262 to the requested current draw. Alternatively, the power management module 134 may charge the battery module 262 with a certain charge current, such as those noted above. As will be appreciated, “1C” represents the magnitude of a current that would fully charge or drain the battery module 162 in one hour, and a “2C” current has twice the magnitude of a 1C current.
After obtaining the indication of the battery model, the power management module 134 then selects one or more specified responses stored in the power management module 134 associated with the indicated battery model for comparison with the characterized response of the battery 130. In the case of an inauthentic battery, even if the battery 130 successfully provides the correct battery ID or passes the preliminary cryptographic authentication, the power management module 134 may perform authentication of the battery 130 based on the measured physical and electrical parameters of the battery module 262. The battery 130 will be determined by the power management module 134 to be inauthentic, even if otherwise appearing to be an authentic battery, should the battery 130 be unable to reproduce the reference electrical or electromagnetic responses for authentic batteries of the indicated model under the various different conditions.
Various additional factors beyond manufacturing quality also affect the response of the battery 130 to different charge conditions. For example, the battery module 262 will behave differently under different temperatures and under different charging or discharging currents (e.g., 1C, 2C, 0.5C, etc.). Batteries of different ages or states of health or that have been cycled a different number of times will also behave differently. For example, a battery can be said to age with each cycle of charging and discharging, so that a heavily cycled battery will have a different “age” than a fresh or lightly cycled battery. Aging will also generally cause the physical and structural integrity (e.g., “state of health”) of the battery to slowly degrade over time. Accordingly, each of the terms “age” and “state of health”, as the skilled person will understand, may reflect the condition of the battery module 262 relative to an initial condition (referred to herein as a “relative condition” indicator of the battery). As discussed in more detail below, each of these different conditions may affect one or more different electrical or electromagnetic responses of the battery module 262.
Referring now to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the relationship between cell voltage and battery capacity over time for authentic and inauthentic batteries is illustrated. Graph 300 in FIG. 5A plots cell voltage on the y-axis (in volts, V) against capacity removed on the x-axis (in ampere-hours, A·h) at various representative points throughout the life of an authentic battery. In graph 300, cell voltage represents the terminal voltage measured at output terminals of battery module 262, while capacity removed represents the charge removed (or alternatively stored) in the battery module 262 over a single charge cycle normalized by the capacity of the battery 130. As will be appreciated, 1 A·h is equivalent to the amount of electric charge (in Joules, J) that 1 A of current transfers in 1 h of time and, therefore, graph 300 could be re-written with units of Joules on the x-axis.
Referring now to FIGS. 6A and 6B, the relationship between charge differential and battery voltage for authentic and inauthentic batteries is illustrated. Graph 400 in FIG. 6A plots charge differential on the y-axis (in units of ampere-hours per volt, (A·h)/V) against battery voltage on the x-axis (in units of volts, V) for a new battery. In graph 400, the plotted charge differential represents a rate of change of a charge capacity of the battery module 262 during charging with respect to a terminal voltage of the battery module 262. The charge differential is plotted as a function of the terminal voltage of the battery module 262.
For example, curves 405 and 410 have generally similar trajectories and each show characteristic features at approximately the same locations. Region 420 indicated on graph 400 shows that curves 405 and 410 each experience a local maximum of between 2 and 3 (A·h)/V for a battery module 262 terminal voltage at between approximately 3.8 V and approximately 3.9 V. Region 425 shows that curves 405 and 410 each also experience another local maximum of approximately 7 (A·h)/V for a battery module 262 terminal voltage at between approximately 3.9 V and approximately 4.0 V. While illustrated numerically for ease of reference, it should be appreciated that curves 405 and 410 are not restricted only to the values or ranges specifically indicated.
For the same conditions, curve 415 corresponding to the inauthentic battery does not exhibit the same general features as curves 405 and 410 corresponding to the authentic batteries. As one example, while curve 415 experiences a local maximum between approximately 3.9 V and approximately 4.0 V, the value of the local maximum is only about 3 (A·h)/V and does not coincide with region 425. As another example, curve 415 does not exhibit any appreciable local maximum between approximately 3.8 V and approximately 3.9 V corresponding to the region 420. As a third example, curve 415 also shows a second local maximum between approximately 4.0 V and approximately 4.1 V, where no corresponding local maximum is observed in curves 405 and 410.
As will be appreciated from FIG. 6B, even after aging, the charge differential responses of the two authentic batteries manufactured from different authorized sources remain similar and distinguishable from the charge differential response of the inauthentic battery. For example, curves 455 and 460 again each experience a local maximum, which is indicated by region 470, for a battery terminal voltage of between approximately 3.8 V and approximately 3.9 V. Curves 455 and 460 also each experience a second local maximum at between approximately 3.9 V and approximately 4.0 V, which is indicated by region 475. Curve 465 corresponding to the inauthentic battery only exhibits a single local maximum at between approximately 4.0 V and approximately 4.1 V.
Graph 500 in FIG. 7 plots voltage on the y-axis (in units of volts, V) against charge time on the x-axis (in units of minutes, min). The y-axis values in graph 500 represent measured terminal voltages of the battery module 262 (FIG. 4) at the point during charging of the battery 130 where the charge differential (as defined above with respect to FIGS. 6A and 6B) reaches its maximum value. The x-axis values in graph 500 represent the time during the charge cycle at which the maximum charge differential occurred. Accordingly, graph 500 is specific to a particular charging current (e.g., 1C) and could be equivalently drawn with units of Joules on the x-axis.
Referring now to FIG. 8 specifically, the charge differential response of authentic and inauthentic batteries is also characterizable or measurable over the lifetime of the battery 130 (FIG. 4). Graph 550 in FIG. 8 plots voltage on the y-axis (in units of volts, V) against charge capacity on the x-axis (in units of ampere-hours, A·h). For each data point plotted on graph 550, the y-axis value represents measured terminal voltages of the battery module 262 at the point during charging of the battery 130 where the charge differential (as defined above with respect to FIGS. 6A and 6B) reaches its maximum value. The corresponding x-axis value then represents the charge capacity of the battery 130 at which the maximum charge differential occurred and, accordingly, corresponds to a particular tap time during charging or discharging. Charge capacity may be estimated, for example, by integrating the charging current supplied to the battery 130 over time during the charge cycle.
Referring now to FIGS. 12C and 12D, the reference and characterized impedance responses for a heavily cycled battery are shown. Graphs 800 and 850 in FIGS. 12C and 12D plot characterized and reference impedance data under the same conditions as that of the authentic battery plotted in FIGS. 12A and 12B, but after the battery has been heavily cycled.
Some example embodiments have been described herein with reference to the drawings and in terms of certain specific details to provide a thorough comprehension of the described embodiments. However, it will be understood that the embodiments described herein may be practiced in some cases without one or more of the described aspects. In some places, description of well-known methods, procedures and components has been omitted for convenience and to enhance clarity. It should also be understood that various modifications to the embodiments described and illustrated herein might be possible. The scope of the embodiments is thereby defined by the appended listing of claim.
a power management module coupled to the interface for communication with the battery, the power management module configured to:
measure an electromagnetic radiation spectrum of the battery due to current flow in the battery module;
compare the measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum of the battery to at least one of a plurality of reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums, each of the reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums corresponding with a different relative condition;
determine a relative condition of the battery by comparing the measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum with one of the plurality of reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums;
store, in a memory store, data identifying the relative condition of the battery;
repeat measuring the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, comparing the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, determining the relative condition of the battery, and storing the relative condition for a plurality of instances such that a plurality of relative conditions of the battery are determined over a period of time;
compare the plurality of relative conditions of the battery stored in the memory store;
determine a rate of change of relative condition of the battery over the period of time; and
determine if the rate of change exceeds a threshold tolerance level.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the power management module is further configured to output an indicator of a potential defect in the battery if the rate of change is determined to exceed the threshold tolerance level.
3. The device of claim 1, further comprising the battery.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a mobile communication device.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums comprises an electromagnetic radiation spectrum of an authentic battery.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the power management module is further configured to store additional data obtained when determining the relative condition of the battery.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the additional data comprises an indication of when the relative condition of the battery was determined.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the relative condition of the battery comprises at least one of an age or state of health of the battery.
9. A method for authenticating a battery for use with an electronic device, the electronic device comprising an interface for receiving the battery and a power management module coupled to the interface for communication with the battery, and the battery comprising a battery module for supplying power to the electronic device, the method comprising:
measuring, at the power management module, an electromagnetic radiation spectrum of the battery due to current flow in the battery module;
comparing, at the power management module, the measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum of the battery to at least one of a plurality of reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums, each of the reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums corresponding with a different relative condition;
determining, at the power management module, a relative condition of the battery by comparing the measured electromagnetic radiation spectrum with one of the plurality of reference electromagnetic radiation spectrums;
storing, in a memory store, data identifying the relative condition of the battery;
repeating the measuring, the comparing, the determining, and the storing for a plurality of instances such that a plurality of relative conditions of the battery are determined over a period of time;
comparing, at the power management module, the plurality of relative conditions of the battery stored in the memory store;
determining, at the power management module, a rate of change of relative condition of the battery over the period of time; and
determining, at the power management module, if the rate of change exceeds a threshold tolerance level.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising outputting at the power management module an indicator of a potential defect in the battery if the rate of change is determined to exceed the threshold tolerance level.
measure a voltage response of the battery due to current flow in the battery module;
compare the measured voltage response of the battery to at least one of a plurality of reference voltage responses, each of the reference voltage responses corresponding with a different relative condition;
determine a relative condition of the battery by comparing the measured voltage response with one of the plurality of reference voltage responses;
repeat measuring the voltage response, comparing the voltage response, determining the relative condition of the battery, and storing the relative condition for a plurality of instances such that a plurality of relative conditions of the battery are determined over a period of time;
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the power management module is further configured to output an indicator of a potential defect in the battery if the rate of change is determined to exceed the threshold tolerance level.
13. The device of claim 11, further comprising the battery.
14. The device of claim 11, wherein the device comprises a mobile communication device.
15. The device of claim 11, wherein each of the reference voltage responses comprises a voltage response of an authentic battery.
16. The device of claim 11, wherein the power management module is further configured to store additional data obtained when determining the relative condition of the battery.
17. The device of claim 16, wherein the additional data comprises an indication of when the relative condition of the battery was determined.
18. The device of claim 11, wherein the relative condition of the battery comprises at least one of an age or state of health of the battery.
19. A method for authenticating a battery for use with an electronic device, the electronic device comprising an interface for receiving the battery and a power management module coupled to the interface for communication with the battery, and the battery comprising a battery module for supplying power to the electronic device, the method comprising:
measuring, at the power management module, a voltage response of the battery due to current flow in the battery module;
comparing, at the power management module, the measured voltage response of the battery to at least one of a plurality of reference voltage responses, each of the reference voltage responses corresponding with a different relative condition;
determining, at the power management module, a relative condition of the battery by comparing the measured voltage response with one of the plurality of reference voltage responses;
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising outputting at the power management module an indicator of a potential defect in the battery if the rate of change is determined to exceed the threshold.
US14/486,574 2011-09-16 2014-09-15 Diagnostic use of physical and electrical battery parameters and storing relative condition data Active 2032-04-03 US9581651B2 (en)
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US14/486,574 US9581651B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2014-09-15 Diagnostic use of physical and electrical battery parameters and storing relative condition data
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US20150002162A1 US20150002162A1 (en) 2015-01-01
US9581651B2 true US9581651B2 (en) 2017-02-28
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US14/486,574 Active 2032-04-03 US9581651B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2014-09-15 Diagnostic use of physical and electrical battery parameters and storing relative condition data
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