Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP2007309704A/en
Timestamp: 2020-01-20 00:33:48
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Matched Legal Cases: ['art 2', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 11']

JP2007309704A - Numerical analytical method, analyzer, and program for lead material - Google Patents
Numerical analytical method, analyzer, and program for lead material Download PDF
JP2007309704A
JP2007309704A JP2006137053A JP2006137053A JP2007309704A JP 2007309704 A JP2007309704 A JP 2007309704A JP 2006137053 A JP2006137053 A JP 2006137053A JP 2006137053 A JP2006137053 A JP 2006137053A JP 2007309704 A JP2007309704 A JP 2007309704A
JP2006137053A
昭博 松田
2006-05-16 Application filed by Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind, 財団法人電力中央研究所 filed Critical Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind
2006-05-16 Priority to JP2006137053A priority Critical patent/JP2007309704A/en
2007-11-29 Publication of JP2007309704A publication Critical patent/JP2007309704A/en
In a numerical analysis method for analyzing a stress-strain relationship of a lead material using a finite element method, dynamic and heat-dependent mechanical characteristics of the lead material can be evaluated.
As an elastoplastic constitutive equation for lead materials, tensile stress consists of terms related to initial yield load, plastic strain, terms related to plastic strain and temperature, and terms related to plastic strain and plastic strain rate. -An equation that takes into account the temperature dependence and strain rate dependence of the strain relationship was used.
The present invention relates to a numerical analysis method, apparatus, and program for lead material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method, an apparatus, and a program for numerically analyzing mechanical properties of a lead material using a finite element method.
In this specification, the data of the combination of the magnitude of stress applied to an element (for example, a specimen or material to be analyzed) and the magnitude of strain of the element corresponding to the magnitude of stress is referred to as stress-strain relationship data. Call.
In order to design the attenuation performance of the attenuation device that is exhibited by repeatedly applying strain to the attenuation device using lead material, at present, a mechanical test of the attenuation device is performed to create a design formula specific to the device. It is necessary to obtain the design constant. However, if numerical simulation such as finite element analysis can be introduced for the design of damper shape and damping performance, the mechanical characteristics of a damper having a complicated shape can be predicted based on the results of material tests of the material used for the damper. can do.
Here, several decades of strain is repeatedly generated in the lead damper during an earthquake, so far it has been clarified (for example, Takayama Ikuo et al .: Full-scale experiment on energy absorption capacity of lead damper (Part 2)) , Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan, No. 21366, pp.727-728, 1996), to predict the mechanical properties of such a lead damper, the material properties under repeated deformation in a large strain region Necessary. As a conventional evaluation example of material characteristics in a large strain region, for example, there is a survey on the development and maintenance of a structure analysis program for a spent nuclear fuel transport container (Non-patent Document 1).
In this study, for the purpose of safety evaluation of nuclear fuel transport containers, numerical analysis of stress-strain relationships obtained from uniaxial tests of lead materials conducted at room temperature is performed.
However, the stress-strain relationship reported in Non-Patent Document 1 does not consider repetitive deformation, and it is difficult to directly introduce it into the finite element analysis and to consider the effect of temperature on the stress-strain relationship. There's a problem.
Therefore, a shear deformation test at room temperature (22 ° C. = 295 K) of the lead material is performed, and the shear stress-shear strain relationship of the lead material is evaluated in a case where the deformation is repeatedly performed under a relatively low vibration frequency. A method has been proposed to reproduce the repeated characteristics of large deformation regions obtained from shear tests by a numerical model using a combination of isotropic hardening and a hardening function saturated with an increase in plastic strain for elastoplastic constitutive law. (Non-Patent Document 2).
Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers "Survey Report on Development and Maintenance of Structural Analysis Program for Used Nuclear Fuel Transport Containers" 1982 Akihiro Matsuda, Shuichi Yahana, Rene de Borst "Numerical simulation of damping characteristics in seismic isolation / damping devices using lead" Research Report of Central Research Institute of Electric Power, No.N04014 2005
However, since the numerical simulation of Non-Patent Document 2 is to obtain the relationship between tensile stress and strain at a constant tensile speed and a constant temperature, the tensile speed and the ambient temperature (strain speed and material temperature of the attenuation device) change. Then, the relationship between tensile stress and strain is greatly different. For this reason, there exists a problem that the evaluation of the stress-strain relationship which considered the influence of the strain rate and material temperature cannot be performed. On the other hand, at the time of an earthquake, dynamic deformation due to a strain rate difference that cannot be ignored occurs in an attenuation device using lead, and furthermore, the mechanical properties of lead are also expected to change due to heat generated by the deformation (for example, Akihiro Matsuda and Shuichi Yahana: Examination of applicability of lead dampers to 3D seismic isolation systems by mechanical tests, Research Report of Central Research Institute of Electric Power, No. U02022, 2003). Therefore, there is a problem that conventional numerical simulation cannot cope with the situation where the pulling speed and temperature (heat generation due to friction) change rapidly, such as when an earthquake occurs.
Then, an object of this invention is to provide the numerical analysis method, apparatus, and program which can evaluate the dynamic and heat-dependent mechanical characteristic of lead material using a finite element method.
The present inventor conducted a tensile test of a lead material in which the material temperature was kept constant at 26 ° C. (299 K) and the strain rate was changed, and the effect of the strain rate on the stress-strain relationship (hereinafter referred to as strain rate dependency). Analysis). Specifically, a specimen having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 180 mm was used, and the tensile strain rate was 0.001% / second, 0.01% / second, 0.1% / second, 1% / second, 10%. Tensile tests were performed for each of / sec.
As a result of the tensile test, the relationship between the tensile stress and the tensile strain shown in FIG. 1 (symbols ▽, □, Δ, ○, × in the figure for each tensile strain rate) was obtained. From this result, the tensile stress-tensile strain relationship of the lead material is greatly influenced by the tensile strain rate, and when the strain rates of 0.001% / second and 10% / second are compared, the result is 10% / second. It was ascertained that the maximum stress was twice or more compared to the maximum stress at 0.001% / second. Furthermore, it has been found that the strain at which the maximum stress is generated tends to increase as the strain rate increases.
Furthermore, a shear deformation test was performed in which shear displacement was applied at a constant shear strain rate, and the results shown in FIG. 1 (symbols ● in the figure) were obtained. The shear strain rate at this time is 0.86% / second, which is about 0.5% / second when converted to the tensile strain rate.
From these results, the tensile test provides a uniaxial stress-strain relationship that is useful for evaluating material properties, but there is a high possibility that local deformation will occur in the repeated deformation and large strain regions and the correct relationship will not be obtained. I found out. On the other hand, the shear deformation test can obtain a stable stress-strain relationship against repeated deformation, but it is difficult to purely deform the entire specimen, and the stress-strain relationship may include the effects of tensile deformation and the like. It was thought that the nature was high. Therefore, the result of the shear deformation test is compared with the result of the tensile test. When the strain is 0.1 (× 100%) or less, the stress-strain relationship obtained from the shear deformation test is the tensile strain rate of 0.1% / second. It was found that the stress-strain relationship obtained from the shear deformation test and the tensile test were consistent with each other between the tensile test result and the tensile test result at a tensile strain rate of 1% / second. . Moreover, in the strain region where the strain is larger than 0.1 (× 100%), the result of the tensile test shows a softening tendency that does not occur in the result of the shear deformation test, and the tensile stress-tensile strain relationship after the softening is visually observed. We have found out that this suggests that the effects of unobservable damage and local deformation are included.
Furthermore, the present inventor conducted a tensile test of a lead material in which the tensile strain rate was fixed at 1% / second and the material temperature was changed, and the influence of the material temperature on the stress-strain relationship (hereinafter, temperature dependence). Analysis). Specifically, a specimen having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 180 mm was used, and the material temperature was −10 ° C. (263 K), 26 ° C. (299 K), 50 ° C. (323 K), 80 ° C. (353 K), 150 ° C. (423 K). A tensile test was performed on each of the above.
As a result of the tensile test, the relationship between the tensile stress and the tensile strain shown in FIG. 2 (symbols ▽, ○, □, Δ, × in the figure for each material temperature) was obtained. From this result, it has been found that the tensile stress-tensile strain relationship of the lead material is greatly influenced by the material temperature, and that the stress tends to decrease as the material temperature increases. From this result, we found out that even in the temperature environment where it is assumed that a damping device such as a lead damper is used, the rigidity and damping performance of the device greatly change due to the temperature near the device and the generation of heat due to deformation during an earthquake. It was.
From the above results, it was found that the strain rate dependence and temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of lead materials are extremely large, and the damping performance of the damping device using lead may be changed greatly. Then, it was found that the attenuation performance of the attenuation device using lead can be analyzed with high accuracy by considering the temperature dependency and strain rate dependency in the hardening function of the elastic-plastic constitutive equation of the lead material.
Based on the above-mentioned knowledge, compared with Equation 1 (JCSimo and TJRHughes: Computational inerasticity, Springer, 1998), which is generally used as an evaluation formula for the relationship between tensile stress and strain, the temperature dependence of the hardening function It came to the conclusion that it is effective to evaluate the stress-strain relationship of the lead material with high accuracy by using the formula 2 to which the coefficient to be considered and the coefficient to take into account the strain rate dependency are added as an elastoplastic constitutive formula.
(Expression 1) σ t = σ 0 y + Hα + (K ∞ −σ 0 y ) {1.0−exp (−K 1 · α)}
Where σ t : tensile stress (MPa), σ 0 y : initial yield load (MPa), H: linear hardening coefficient (MPa), α: equivalent plastic strain (%), K ∞ : saturation yield stress ( MPa), K 1 : material constant relating to saturation of yield stress.
(Number 2) σ t = σ 0 y + H (1 + β 1 + β 2) α + (K ∞ -σ 0 y) {1.0-exp (-K 1 · α)}
Where σ t : tensile stress (MPa), σ 0 y : initial yield load, H: linear hardening coefficient, β 1 : coefficient relating linear hardening coefficient and temperature dependence, β 2 : linear hardening coefficient Is a coefficient that correlates with the strain rate dependence, α: equivalent plastic strain (%), K ∞ : yield stress that saturates, K 1 : material constant relating to saturation of yield stress.
Subsequently, the characteristics of the coefficient β 1 that relates the linear curing coefficient and the temperature dependence in Equation 2 and the coefficient β 2 that associates the linear curing coefficient and the strain rate dependence were clarified and the calculation method was examined. First, in order to calculate the linear hardening coefficient H, the yield stress K ∞ that saturates, and the material constant K 1 relating to the saturation of the yield stress, the results of a tensile test at a material temperature of 26 ° C. (299 K) and a tensile strain rate of 1% / second are used. It approximated by Formula 1. As a result of approximation, the linear hardening coefficient H = 26.23 MPa, the yield stress K ∞ = 17.46 MPa to be saturated, and the material constant K 1 = 19.20 for the saturation of the yield stress were obtained as material constants. Based on the existing analysis results, the initial yield load σ 0 y was set to 4.3 MPa (Akihiro Matsuda, Shuichi Yana, Rene de Borst: Numerical simulation of damping characteristics in seismic isolation / damping devices using lead, Research report of Central Research Institute of Electric Power, No. N040014, 2005).
Next, in order to clarify the characteristic of the coefficient β 1 by determining the coefficient β 1 for each material temperature, the tensile test was performed by keeping the tensile strain rate constant at 1% / second and changing the material temperature. The results were approximated by Equation 2 for each material temperature. Since the tensile strain rate is constant, the coefficient β 2 = 0 for associating the linear hardening coefficient with the strain rate dependency is set. The results of the material temperature by on the obtained coefficients beta 1 shown in FIG. 3 (symbols in Figure ○).
Furthermore, in order to clarify the characteristic of the coefficient β 2 by determining the coefficient β 2 for each tensile strain rate, the tensile test obtained by changing the tensile strain rate while keeping the material temperature constant at 26 ° C. (299 K). These results were approximated by Equation 2 for each tensile strain rate. Since the material temperature is constant, the coefficient β 1 = 0 that relates the linear curing coefficient and temperature dependence is set. The result of β 2 determined for each tensile strain rate is shown in FIG. 4 (symbol ◯ in the figure).
From these results, the stress-strain relationship of the lead material can be modeled using a hardening function saturated by the equivalent plastic strain α, and is linear with respect to changes in material temperature as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, it was found that the strain rate was linear with respect to the natural logarithm of the change in strain rate. From this, the coefficient β 1 relating the linear curing coefficient and the temperature dependence can be expressed by a linear function Equation 3, and the coefficient β 2 relating the linear hardening coefficient and the strain rate dependence is a logarithmic equation. It was found that it can be expressed as 4.
(Equation 3) β 1 = −ω h (Θ−Θ 0 )
Where β 1 is a coefficient relating linear curing coefficient and temperature dependence, ω h is a material constant representing temperature dependence, Θ is a material temperature (° C.), and Θ 0 is a standard for evaluating temperature dependence. Material temperature (= 26 ° C.).
(Expression 4) β 2 = K 2 + K 3 log (α v )
Where β 2 is a coefficient relating linear curing coefficient and strain rate dependency, K 2 and K 3 are material constants representing strain rate dependency, α v is equivalent plastic strain rate (1 / second). Note that if the strain rate (= 1% / second) that serves as a reference for evaluating the strain rate dependency is α 0 , K 2 + K 3 log (α 0 ) = 0.
The numerical analysis method of the lead material according to claim 1 is based on the above-mentioned new knowledge, and in the numerical analysis method of analyzing the stress-strain relationship of the lead material using the finite element method, Formula 5 is used as a structural formula.
The lead material numerical analysis apparatus according to claim 2 is accessible to an apparatus in which the stress-strain relationship data of the lead material is recorded, and analyzes the stress-strain relationship of the lead material using a finite element method. The numerical analysis apparatus has means for analyzing the stress-strain relationship of the lead material using Equation 5 as the elastic-plastic constitutive equation of the lead material.
Furthermore, the numerical analysis program for lead material according to claim 3 analyzes the stress-strain relationship of lead material using a finite element method on a computer accessible to a database in which the stress-strain relationship data of lead material is recorded. In the program to be performed, the computer analyzes the stress-strain relationship of the lead material using Equation 5 as the elastic-plastic constitutive equation of the lead material.
(Equation 5) σ t = σ 0 y + K (α) + K (α, Θ) + K (α, α v )
K (α) = Hα + (K ∞ −σ 0 y ) {1.0−exp (−K 1 · α)}
K (α, Θ) = − Hω h (Θ−Θ 0 ) · α
K (α, α v ) = H (K 2 + K 3 · log (α v )) · α
Where σ t : tensile stress (MPa), σ 0 y : initial yield load (MPa), H: linear hardening coefficient (MPa), α: equivalent plastic strain (1), α v : equivalent plastic strain rate ( 1 / second), K ∞ : Saturating yield stress (MPa), K 1 : Material constants relating to saturation of yield stress, K 2 and K 3 : Material constants representing strain rate dependence, Θ: Material temperature (° C.), Θ 0 : Material temperature (° C.) that serves as a reference for evaluating temperature dependence, ω h : Material constant representing temperature dependence. Further, K (α): a hardening function depending on the equivalent plastic strain, K (α, Θ): a temperature dependence term of the hardening function, and K (α, α v ): a strain rate dependence term of the hardening function.
Formula 5 is a coefficient β 1 that relates a linear curing coefficient and temperature dependence to the curing function of Formula 1 that is generally used as an evaluation formula for the relationship between tensile stress and strain, and linear curing coefficient and strain rate dependence. DOO coefficient beta 1 and factor beta 2 in equation 2 which adds the factor beta 2 associating a formula obtained by organizing by substituting equations 3 and 4.
Therefore, according to the numerical analysis method, apparatus and program for lead material, the material constant representing the temperature dependence of the stress-strain relationship of the lead material and the material constant representing the strain rate dependence are incorporated into the elastic-plastic constitutive equation of the lead material. Thus, in the numerical analysis using the finite element method, the strain rate dependence of the lead material, the temperature dependence and heat generation due to deformation, and the change in mechanical characteristics due to the temperature rise of the lead material can be taken into account.
As described above, according to the numerical analysis method, apparatus, and program for lead material of the present invention, in the numerical analysis using the finite element method, the strain rate dependency of the lead material and the generation of heat due to temperature dependency and deformation and Because changes in mechanical properties due to temperature rise of lead materials can be taken into account, it is possible to evaluate dynamic and heat-dependent mechanical properties of lead materials, and to improve the accuracy of numerical analysis of lead materials be able to. Therefore, it is possible to accurately evaluate the performance of seismic isolation / seismic devices, such as lead dampers. It is possible to prevent unnecessary costs from being incurred and providing unnecessary dampers by underestimating the damping performance.
Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail based on the best mode shown in the drawings.
FIG. 5 to FIG. 10 show examples of embodiments of the numerical analysis method and numerical analysis apparatus of the lead material of the present invention.
The numerical analysis device for lead material according to the present invention is accessible to the device 16 in which the stress-strain relationship data of the lead material is recorded, and means 11a for recording the stress-strain relationship data of the lead material in the device 16; A means 11b for calculating a linear hardening coefficient, a yield stress that saturates using stress-strain relation data, a material constant relating to saturation of the yield stress, and a linear hardening coefficient and temperature dependence using the stress-strain relation data. Means 11c for calculating a coefficient to be associated, means 11d for calculating a coefficient for associating a linear hardening coefficient and strain rate dependence using stress-strain relationship data, and a coefficient for associating the linear hardening coefficient and temperature dependence. The strain rate using the means 11e for calculating the material constant representing the temperature dependence and the coefficient relating the linear hardening coefficient and the strain rate dependence. It means 11f to calculate the material constant representing patency, stress of lead material using a finite element method - and means 11g for analyzing strain relationship.
The processing of the lead material numerical analysis device is executed according to the steps shown in the flowchart of FIG. That is, a step (S1) for constructing a stress-strain relationship database in which the stress-strain relationship data of the lead material to be numerically analyzed is stored, and the stress-strain relationship data stored in the stress-strain relationship database are linear. Step (S2) of calculating the hardening coefficient, the yield stress to be saturated, and the material constant relating to the saturation of the yield stress, and the linear hardening coefficient and the temperature dependence using the stress-strain relationship data and the linear hardening coefficient. A step (S3) for calculating a coefficient to be associated, a step (S4) for calculating a coefficient for associating the linear hardening coefficient and strain rate dependency using the stress-strain relationship data, the linear hardening coefficient, and the like, and the linear hardening. A step (S5) of calculating a material constant representing the temperature dependence using a coefficient that associates the coefficient with the temperature dependence; A step of calculating a material constant representing the strain rate dependency using a coefficient that associates the coefficient with the strain rate dependency (S6), and the stress-strain relationship of the lead material using the parameters calculated by S1 to S6 And a numerical analysis step (S7).
The above-described numerical analysis method and numerical analysis apparatus for lead material can also be realized by executing a numerical analysis program for lead material on a computer. In the present embodiment, a case where a numerical analysis program for lead material is executed on a numerical analysis device for lead material will be described as an example.
FIG. 6 shows an overall configuration of a lead material numerical analysis apparatus for executing the lead material numerical analysis program 17. The lead material numerical analysis device 10 includes a control unit 11, a storage unit 12, an input unit 13, a display unit 14, and a memory 15, and is connected to each other by a signal line such as a bus. Further, a data server 16 is connected to the lead material numerical analysis device 10 via a communication line or the like, and signals such as data and control commands are transmitted and received (input / output) through the communication line and the like.
The control unit 11 performs operations related to the control of the entire lead material numerical analysis device 10 and the analysis of the stress-strain relationship of the lead material using the finite element method by the lead material numerical analysis program 17 stored in the storage unit 12. For example, a CPU. The storage unit 12 is a device that can store at least data and programs, and is, for example, a hard disk. The input unit 13 is an interface for giving at least an operator command to the CPU, and is, for example, a keyboard. The display unit 14 displays characters, graphics, and the like under the control of the control unit 11 and is, for example, a display. The memory 15 becomes a memory space that is a work area when the control unit 11 executes various controls and calculations. The data server 16 is a server capable of storing at least data.
The controller 11 of the lead material numerical analysis device 10 executes a lead material numerical analysis program 17 to construct a stress-strain relationship database 18 in which the stress-strain relationship data of the lead material is recorded. 11a, a linear hardening coefficient, a yielding stress that saturates using stress-strain relation data, a material constant calculator 11b that calculates a material constant related to saturation of yield stress, a linear hardening coefficient and temperature using stress-strain relation data A temperature-dependent coefficient calculating unit 11c that calculates a coefficient that correlates the dependence; a strain rate-dependent coefficient calculating unit 11d that calculates a coefficient that correlates the linear hardening coefficient and the strain rate dependency using the stress-strain relationship data; A temperature-dependent material that calculates a material constant that expresses temperature dependence using a coefficient that correlates linear curing coefficient and temperature dependence Constant calculation unit 11e, a strain rate-dependent material constant calculation unit 11f that calculates a material constant representing the strain rate dependency using a coefficient that associates a linear hardening coefficient and strain rate dependency, and a lead material using a finite element method A finite element analysis unit 11g for analyzing the stress-strain relationship is configured.
In executing the numerical analysis method of the present invention, first, the database construction unit 11a of the control unit 11 accumulates in the data server 16 stress-strain relationship data of a lead material (hereinafter referred to as an analysis target material) for numerical analysis. Thus, the stress-strain relationship database 18 is constructed (S1).
Specifically, the database construction unit 11a includes items such as the material temperature and strain rate when the stress-strain relationship of the material to be analyzed is measured, and the magnitude of the stress and the magnitude of the strain corresponding to the magnitude of the stress. Is displayed on the display unit 14, and the numerical value input by the input unit 13 is written to the data server 16 for each item, thereby the stress-strain relationship data database 18 (hereinafter referred to as stress-strain relationship DB 18 and the analysis target material). Construct).
In order to perform numerical analysis using the elastoplastic constitutive equation of the lead material of the present invention, in order to consider the strain rate dependency on the stress-strain relationship, at least two strain rates with the same material temperature are different. Stress-strain relationship data is required at the same time, and in order to consider the temperature dependence of the stress-strain relationship, stress-strain relationship data at at least two different material temperatures are required. . Also, at least two stress-strain relationship data are required for each combination of material temperature and strain rate. It should be noted that there is more stress-strain relationship data for each combination of material temperature and strain rate.
In the present embodiment, a uniaxial tensile test is performed using a specimen having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 180 mm, with the material temperature kept constant at 26 ° C. (299 K) and the tensile strain rate changed. The database construction unit 11a writes and accumulates data obtained as a result of the tensile test in the data server 16 via the input unit 13, and constructs a stress-strain relationship DB 18.
The range of the tensile strain rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably set within the range of the tensile strain rate assumed in the actual usage state of the material to be analyzed. Specifically, for example, setting in a range of about 0.001% / second to 30% / second is conceivable. In the present embodiment, the tensile strain rate is set to 0.01% / second, 0.1% / second, 1% / second, and 10% / second.
FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the tensile stress and the tensile strain for each tensile strain rate in this embodiment (symbols ○, □, Δ, ▽ in the drawing for each tensile strain rate).
Furthermore, in this embodiment, a uniaxial tensile test is performed using a specimen having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 180 mm, with the strain rate constant at 1% / second and the material temperature changed. The database construction unit 11a writes and accumulates data obtained as a result of the tensile test in the data server 16 via the input unit 13, and constructs a stress-strain relationship DB 18.
Although the range of material temperature is not specifically limited, It is preferable to set in the range of material temperature assumed in the actual use condition of material to be analyzed. Specifically, for example, it is conceivable to set in a range of about −30 ° C. to 200 ° C. In this embodiment, −10 ° C., 26 ° C., 50 ° C., 80 ° C., and 150 ° C. are set as the material temperature.
FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the tensile stress and the tensile strain for each material temperature in the present embodiment (symbols ○, □, Δ, ▽, + in the drawing for each material temperature).
Next, using the stress-strain relationship data accumulated in the stress-strain relationship DB 18 constructed in S1, the linear hardening coefficient, the yield stress that saturates, and the material constant relating to the saturation of the yield stress are calculated (S2).
First, the material constant calculation unit 11b of the control unit 11 displays a message on the display unit 14 requesting specification of the material temperature and strain rate of the stress-strain relation data used in the process of S2, and the input unit 13 is displayed. The operator's designated value input via the terminal 15 is stored in the memory 15. The specified values of the material temperature and strain rate are not particularly limited, and the operator sets appropriate specified values in consideration of the general usage state of the material to be analyzed. The specified values for the material temperature and strain rate may be defined in advance on the numerical analysis program 17 for lead material. In the present embodiment, the stress that is assumed to be the most general use state of the material to be analyzed, and is a material temperature of 26 ° C. (299 K) and a tensile strain rate of 1% / second, which is a condition of the tensile test of S1− Use strain-related data.
The material constant calculation unit 11 b reads stress-strain relationship data in which the material temperature and strain rate match the specified values stored in the memory 15 from the stress-strain relationship DB 18 stored in the data server 16 and stores them in the memory 15. Let
Subsequently, the material constant calculation unit 11b approximates the stress-strain relationship data stored in the memory 15 using Equation 6, and as a material constant, a linear hardening coefficient H, a saturated yield stress K∞, and a material related to saturation of the yield stress. to calculate the constant K 1. Then, the material constant calculation unit 11b stores the values of the linear hardening coefficient H, the yield stress K ∞ to be saturated, and the material constant K 1 relating to the saturation of the yield stress in the memory 15. Formula 6 is defined in advance on the numerical analysis program 17 for lead material.
(Equation 6) σ t = σ 0 y + Hα + (K ∞ −σ 0 y ) {1.0−exp (−K 1 · α)}
In the present embodiment, a linear hardening coefficient H = 26.23 MPa, a yielding stress K ∞ = 17.46 MPa to be saturated, and a material constant K 1 = 19.20 for saturation of the yield stress are calculated. In addition, since it is thought that the characteristic that the stress decreases after the maximum stress is generated does not represent the stress-strain relationship necessary for the evaluation of the material characteristics according to the present invention, the result after softening is not used for modeling.
Note that the initial yield load σ 0 y is set based on, for example, the results of material tests and analysis on lead materials. The initial yield load σ 0 y may be defined in advance in the lead material numerical analysis program 17, or a message that requests the designation of the value of the initial yield load σ 0 y is displayed on the display unit 14. The value specified by the operator may be given to the material constant calculation unit 11 b via the input unit 13 or stored in the memory 15. In the present embodiment, the initial yield load σ 0 y is set to 4.3 MPa based on the existing analysis results of the lead material (Akihiro Matsuda, Shuichi Yabana, Rene de Borst: In the seismic isolation / damping device using lead Numerical simulation of attenuation characteristics, Research Report of Central Research Institute of Electric Power, No. N04014, 2005).
Next, using the stress-strain relationship data accumulated in the stress-strain relationship DB 18 constructed in S1, and the linear hardening coefficient calculated in S2, the yield stress that saturates, and the material constants relating to saturation of the yield stress, linearity is obtained. A coefficient that correlates the curing coefficient and temperature dependence is calculated (S3).
First, the temperature dependence coefficient calculation unit 11c of the control unit 11 displays a message on the display unit 14 requesting specification of the strain rate of the stress-strain relationship data used in the process of S3, and via the input unit 13. The operator's designated value input in this manner is stored in the memory 15. The specified value of the strain rate is not particularly limited, and the operator sets an appropriate specified value in consideration of the general usage state of the material to be analyzed. In addition, you may make it predetermine the designated value of a strain rate on the numerical analysis program 17 of lead material. In the present embodiment, stress-strain relationship data is used which is a condition assumed to be the most general usage state of the material to be analyzed and which has a tensile strain rate of 1% / second, which is a condition of the tensile test of S1.
The temperature dependence coefficient calculation unit 11 c reads stress-strain relationship data whose strain rate matches the specified value stored in the memory 15 from the stress-strain relationship DB 18 stored in the data server 16 and stores the stress-strain relationship data in the memory 15. . As a result, the memory 15 stores stress-strain relationship data in which the strain rate is constant at 1% / second and the material temperature is different.
Subsequently, the temperature dependence coefficient calculation section 11c, linear hardening coefficient H, which is stored in the memory 15 in S2, the value of the material constant K 1 about saturation of the yield stress K ∞ and yield stress saturates, and the initial yield load σ Using the value of 0 y , the stress-strain relationship data newly stored in the memory 15 is approximated by Equation 7, and a coefficient β 1 that correlates the linear hardening coefficient and temperature dependence is calculated. Formula 7 is defined in advance on the numerical analysis program 17 for lead material.
(Equation 7) σ t = σ 0 y + H (1 + β 1 ) α + (K ∞ −σ 0 y ) {1.0−exp (−K 1 · α)}
Where σ t : tensile stress (MPa), σ 0 y : initial yield load (MPa), H: linear hardening coefficient (MPa), α: equivalent plastic strain (%), β 1 : linear hardening coefficient Coefficient associated with temperature dependence, K ∞ : Yield stress to saturate, K 1 : Material constant related to saturation of yield stress.
At this time, the temperature dependence coefficient calculation section 11c, newly memorized allowed stress in the memory 15 - strain divided relationship data by material temperature, to calculate the coefficients beta 1 by the material temperature. Then, the temperature dependence coefficient calculation unit 11 c stores the value of the coefficient β 1 calculated for each material temperature in the memory 15.
The coefficient beta 1, which is calculated by material temperature shown in FIG. 9 (symbols in Figure ○).
Next, using the stress-strain relationship data accumulated in the stress-strain relationship DB 18 constructed in S1, and the linear hardening coefficient calculated in S2, the yield stress that saturates, and the material constants relating to saturation of the yield stress, linearity is obtained. The coefficient which correlates the hardening coefficient and the strain rate dependence is calculated (S4).
First, the strain rate dependency coefficient calculating unit 11d of the control unit 11 displays a message on the display unit 14 requesting specification of the material temperature of the stress-strain relationship data used in the process of S4, and the input unit 13 The operator's designated value input via the terminal 15 is stored in the memory 15. The specified value of the material temperature is not particularly limited, and the operator sets an appropriate specified value in consideration of the general usage state of the material to be analyzed. The specified value of the material temperature may be defined in advance on the numerical analysis program 17 for lead material. In the present embodiment, stress-strain relationship data having a material temperature of 26 ° C., which is a condition assumed to be the most general usage state of the material to be analyzed and is a condition of the tensile test of S1, is used.
The strain rate dependency coefficient calculation unit 11 d reads the stress-strain relationship data whose material temperature matches the specified value stored in the memory 15 from the stress-strain relationship DB 18 stored in the data server 16 and stores it in the memory 15. Let As a result, the memory 15 stores stress-strain relationship data in which the material temperature is constant at 26 ° C. and the tensile strain rate is different.
Subsequently, the strain rate dependency coefficient calculating unit 11d stores the linear hardening coefficient H stored in the memory 15 in S2, the yield stress K ∞ to be saturated, the value of the material constant K 1 regarding the saturation of the yield stress, and the initial yield load. Using the value of σ 0 y , the stress-strain relationship data newly stored in the memory 15 is approximated by Equation 8, and a coefficient β 2 that correlates the linear hardening coefficient and strain rate dependence is calculated. Formula 8 is defined in advance on the numerical analysis program 17 for lead material.
(Equation 8) σ t = σ 0 y + H (1 + β 2 ) α + (K ∞ −σ 0 y ) {1.0−exp (−K 1 · α)}
Where σ t : tensile stress (MPa), σ 0 y : initial yield load (MPa), H: linear hardening coefficient (MPa), α: equivalent plastic strain (%), β 2 : linear hardening coefficient Coefficients relating to strain rate dependence, K ∞ : Saturating yield stress, K 1 : Material constants related to saturation of yield stress.
In this case, the strain rate dependency coefficient calculating unit 11d, the newly memorized allowed stress in the memory 15 - strain tensile relationship data broken down by strain rate, calculates a tensile strain rate separately factor beta 2. Then, the strain rate dependency coefficient calculation unit 11 d stores the value of the coefficient β 2 calculated for each tensile strain rate in the memory 15.
The factor beta 2 which is calculated by a tensile strain rate shown in FIG. 10 (symbols in Figure ○).
Next, a material constant representing temperature dependence is calculated using the value of the coefficient β 1 for each material temperature calculated in S3 (S5).
Temperature dependence material constant calculation unit 11e of the controller 11, the value of the material per temperature coefficient beta 1 (i.e., data of combination of the value of the material temperature and the coefficient beta 1) reads from the memory 15, the material temperature Θ The material constant ω h representing the temperature dependence is calculated by regressing the relationship between the two using Equation 9 which is the regression equation of the relationship between the coefficient β 1 and the value of the coefficient β 1 . Formula 9 is defined in advance on the numerical analysis program 17 for lead material.
(Equation 9) −β 1 = ω h (Θ−Θ 0 )
Where β 1 is a coefficient relating linear curing coefficient and temperature dependence, ω h is a material constant representing temperature dependence, Θ is a material temperature (° C.), and Θ 0 is a standard for evaluating temperature dependence. Material temperature (° C).
Here, the designated value of the material temperature in the stress-strain relationship data used when calculating the linear hardening coefficient H in S2 is used as the material temperature Θ 0 that serves as a reference for evaluating the temperature dependence. In this embodiment, since the linear hardening coefficient H is calculated using the stress-strain relationship data at a material temperature of 26 ° C. (299 K) in S2, the material temperature Θ 0 serving as a reference for evaluating the temperature dependence is 26. ° C (299K). The temperature-dependent material constant calculation unit 11e reads the specified value of the material temperature from the memory 15 and calculates a material constant ω h representing the temperature dependency. In the present embodiment, the material constant ω h = 0.0283.
Next, the material constant representing the strain rate dependency is calculated using the value of the coefficient β 2 for each strain rate calculated in S4 (S6).
Strain rate dependent material constant calculation unit 11f of the control unit 11 reads strain rate another factor beta 2 value (i.e., data of combination of the values of the strain rate and the coefficient beta 2) from the memory 15, the strain rate The material constants K 2 and K 3 representing the strain rate dependence are calculated by regressing the relationship between α v and the value of the coefficient β 2 using Equation 10, which is a regression equation of the relationship between α v and the coefficient β 2. . Formula 10 is defined in advance on the lead material numerical analysis program 17. In this embodiment, the material constants K 2 = 1.64 and K 3 = 0.906.
(Expression 10) β 2 = K 2 + K 3 log (α v )
Where β 2 is a coefficient relating linear curing coefficient and strain rate dependency, K 2 and K 3 are material constants representing strain rate dependency, α v is equivalent plastic strain rate (1 / second).
Next, as a parameter calculated by the processing from S2 to S6 and an elastic-plastic constitutive equation of the lead material, based on the above-mentioned knowledge of the inventors, the temperature dependency and strain rate dependency of the stress-strain relationship of the lead material. Numerical analysis is performed using Formula 11 that can take into account the characteristics (S7).
(Equation 11) σ t = σ 0 y + K (α) + K (α, Θ) + K (α, α v )
K (α) = Hα + (K ∞ −σ 0 y ) {1.0−exp (−K 1 · α)},
K (α, Θ) = − Hω h (Θ−Θ 0 ) · α,
K (α, α v ) = H (K 2 + K 3 · log (α v )) · α.
Here, the uniaxial stress-strain relationship is expanded to three axes, and a yield function f necessary for constructing an elastoplastic constitutive law is defined as in Expression 12. Since the definition of the yield function f with respect to the stress hardening function K is a well-known technique (for example, edited by the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity: Nonlinear Finite Element Method, Corona, November 1994), details are omitted here. However, the present invention utilizes the Mises yield condition that is independent of hydrostatic pressure.
Where, f: yield function (MPa), ξ: deviation stress tensor (MPa) considering back stress, α: equivalent plastic strain (%), α v : equivalent plastic strain rate (1 / second), Θ: material Temperature (° C.), K: Temperature (Kelvin).
In Equation 12, the symbol ‖x‖ represents the norm of x and is equal to ‖x‖ 2 = (x: x). Further, the tensor ξ is expressed by Equation 13 as the stress obtained by reducing the deviation stress s by the back stress Β when considering kinematic hardening.
(Expression 13) ξ = s−Β
Here, ξ: Deviation stress tensor (MPa) considering back stress, s: Deviation stress (MPa), B: Back stress (MPa).
The deviation stress s represents a deviation component of the Cauchy stress T, and is expressed by the following equation (14). In the present embodiment, kinematic hardening is not taken into consideration, so no back stress B is generated, and ξ = s.
Here, s: deviation stress (MPa), T: Cauchy stress (MPa), I: unit matrix (3 rows and 3 columns).
A finite element formulation for dynamics / thermal coupled analysis using Equation 11 is performed. Since finite element analysis and finite element formulation itself are well-known techniques, details thereof are omitted here. In the present invention, the mechanical and thermal problems can be coupled and analyzed accurately, so that the change in the sum of the mechanical energy and thermal energy of the solid material occupying a certain region is made from the outside. Formulate using the first theorem of thermodynamics indicating that it is equal to the sum of mechanical work, internal heat generation and external heat supply (eg H. Ziegler: An introduction to thermodynamics, North Holland publishing company (1977). The finite element formulation in the present invention is based on a well-known formulation method (for example, J. Lemaitre and J.-L. Chaboche: Mechanicals of solid materials, Cambridge University Press, 1990). And applying strain.
Subsequently, based on a finite element formulation for dynamical and thermal coupled analysis using Equation 11 which is an elastoplastic constitutive equation capable of considering the temperature dependence and strain dependence of the stress-strain relationship of the lead material, Numerical analysis of the stress-strain relationship of lead materials using the finite element method is performed. And in order to verify the validity of the numerical analysis method using the elasto-plastic constitutive equation that can consider the temperature dependence and strain dependence of the stress-strain relation of the lead material of the present invention, it is compared with the result of the tensile test of S1. To do. Table 1 summarizes the numerical analysis model used in the present embodiment based on the results from S1 to S6.
Here, the Young's modulus E and the Poisson's ratio ν are set based on, for example, the results of material tests and analyzes on lead materials. In this embodiment, Young's modulus E is set to 16,000 MPa and Poisson's ratio ν is set to 0.41 based on the existing analysis results of lead materials (Akihiro Matsuda, Shuichi Yana, Rene de Borst: Exemption using lead Numerical simulation of damping characteristics of earthquake / damping devices, Research Report of Central Research Institute of Electric Power, No. N04014, 2005). Since the material to be analyzed is lead, the specific heat c is 26.5 J / K · mol, and the density ρ is 11.337 · 10 3 kg / m 3 .
In this embodiment, one eight-node solid element is used, a boundary condition that simulates tensile deformation is set, and numerical analysis is performed using the same analysis conditions as those of the tensile test of S1.
The results of the numerical analysis of the stress-strain relationship for each tensile strain rate are shown in Fig. 7 together with the results of the tensile test of S1. Results are shown). From this result, it can be confirmed that the numerical analysis of the present invention well reproduces the cure until the maximum stress is generated and the dependence on the strain rate of the cure.
Also, the results of numerical analysis of the stress-strain relationship by material temperature are shown in FIG. 8 together with the results of the tensile test of S1 (the symbols ○, □, Δ, ▽, + in the figure are the test results by material temperature, solid line) Indicates the analysis results). From this result, it can be confirmed that the numerical analysis of the present invention well reproduces the curing until the maximum stress occurs and the dependence of the curing on the material temperature.
In this embodiment, since the test result after the maximum stress is generated is not used when calculating the material constant, the test result and the analysis result cannot be compared for the softening after the maximum stress is generated.
As described above, according to the numerical analysis method of the present invention, the constitutive law that can take into account the dependence of the temperature and strain rate of the lead material is used and the thermodynamic analysis method is used. It can handle the speed dependence, temperature dependence and heat generation due to deformation and change in mechanical properties due to temperature rise, and the environment in which the tensile strain rate and material temperature change assumed in the actual usage state of the lead material occur The dynamic mechanical behavior at can be evaluated.
In addition, although the above-mentioned form is an example of the suitable form of this invention, it is not limited to this, A various deformation | transformation implementation is possible in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. For example, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the material to be analyzed is most commonly used when calculating the linear hardening coefficient H, which is a material constant, the yield stress K ∞ to be saturated, and the material constant K 1 regarding the saturation of the yield stress. The test results of the material temperature of 26 ° C. (299K) and the tensile strain rate of 1% / second are used, but the test conditions are not limited to these, and other material temperature and tensile strain rate tests The result may be used.
The numerical analysis method of the lead material according to the present invention can accurately evaluate the performance of a seismic isolation / seismic device (for example, a lead damper) using the lead material. High utility value in fields such as design practice.
It is a figure which shows the comparison with the influence of the tensile strain rate which gives to a tensile stress-tensile strain characteristic, and a shear deformation test. It is a figure which shows the influence of the material temperature which gives to a tensile stress-tensile strain characteristic. It is a figure which shows the result of having calculated | required the coefficient which correlates the linear hardening coefficient according to material temperature, and temperature dependence. It is a figure which shows the result of having calculated | required the coefficient which links | relates the linear hardening coefficient according to tensile strain rate, and strain rate dependence. It is a flowchart explaining an example of embodiment of the numerical analysis method of the lead material of this invention. It is a whole lineblock diagram of the numerical analysis device of lead material in the case of carrying out the numerical analysis method of lead material of this embodiment using a program. It is a figure which shows the tensile stress-tensile strain relationship according to tensile strain rate of embodiment. It is a figure which shows the tensile stress-tensile strain relationship according to material temperature of embodiment. It is a figure which shows the result of having calculated the coefficient which correlates the linear hardening coefficient according to material temperature of an embodiment, and temperature dependence. It is a figure which shows the result of having calculated the coefficient which links | relates the linear hardening coefficient according to strain rate and strain rate dependence of embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Lead material numerical analysis apparatus 11 Control part 11a Database construction part 11b Material constant calculation part 11c Temperature dependence coefficient calculation part 11d Strain rate dependence coefficient calculation part 11e Temperature dependence material constant calculation part 11f Strain rate dependence material constant calculation 11g Finite element analysis unit 12 Storage unit 13 Input unit 14 Display unit 15 Memory 16 Data server 17 Numerical analysis program 18 for lead material Stress-strain relation database
A numerical analysis method for analyzing a stress-strain relationship of a lead material using a finite element method, wherein the numerical formula 1 is used as an elastic-plastic constitutive equation of the lead material.
(Equation 1) σ t = σ 0 y + K (α) + K (α, Θ) + K (α, α v )
In a numerical analysis apparatus that is capable of accessing a device in which stress-strain relationship data of a lead material is recorded and that analyzes the stress-strain relationship of the lead material using a finite element method, an elastic-plastic constitutive equation of the lead material A numerical analysis device for lead material, comprising means for analyzing the stress-strain relationship of the lead material using Equation (1).
An elasto-plastic structure of the lead material in a program for causing a computer accessible to a database recording stress-strain relation data of the lead material to analyze the stress-strain relation of the lead material using a finite element method. A numerical analysis program for lead material, which causes a computer to analyze the stress-strain relationship of the lead material using Formula 1 as an expression.
JP2006137053A 2006-05-16 2006-05-16 Numerical analytical method, analyzer, and program for lead material Pending JP2007309704A (en)
JP2006137053A JP2007309704A (en) 2006-05-16 2006-05-16 Numerical analytical method, analyzer, and program for lead material
JP2007309704A true JP2007309704A (en) 2007-11-29
ID=38842703
JP2006137053A Pending JP2007309704A (en) 2006-05-16 2006-05-16 Numerical analytical method, analyzer, and program for lead material
JP (1) JP2007309704A (en)
WO2013042600A1 (en) * 2011-09-19 2013-03-28 日本電気株式会社 Stress-strain relation simulation method, stress-strain relation simulation system, and stress-strain relation simulation program which use chaboche model
2006-05-16 JP JP2006137053A patent/JP2007309704A/en active Pending
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