Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JPWO2006129635A1/en
Timestamp: 2019-12-12 16:01:26
Document Index: 66881127

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 14', 'art 13', 'art 13', 'art 13', 'art 13', 'art 13', 'art 13', 'art 47', 'art 14']

JPWO2006129635A1 - Secondary battery, power supply system using the same, and method of using the power supply system - Google Patents
Secondary battery, power supply system using the same, and method of using the power supply system Download PDF
JPWO2006129635A1
JPWO2006129635A1 JP2007518994A JP2007518994A JPWO2006129635A1 JP WO2006129635 A1 JPWO2006129635 A1 JP WO2006129635A1 JP 2007518994 A JP2007518994 A JP 2007518994A JP 2007518994 A JP2007518994 A JP 2007518994A JP WO2006129635 A1 JPWO2006129635 A1 JP WO2006129635A1
JP2007518994A
JP5050847B2 (en
稲富　友
友 稲富
北條　伸彦
伸彦 北條
倉貫　正明
正明 倉貫
2005-05-31 Priority to JP2005158701 priority Critical
2005-05-31 Priority to JP2005158701 priority
2006-05-30 Application filed by 松下電器産業株式会社 filed Critical 松下電器産業株式会社
2006-05-30 Priority to JP2007518994A priority patent/JP5050847B2/en
2006-05-30 Priority to PCT/JP2006/310728 priority patent/WO2006129635A1/en
2009-01-08 Publication of JPWO2006129635A1 publication Critical patent/JPWO2006129635A1/en
2012-10-17 Publication of JP5050847B2 publication Critical patent/JP5050847B2/en
The secondary battery has a current collector built in the reaction vessel and at least one of the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side thereof. The positive electrode side and the negative electrode side are isolated by an ion conductive isolation part. In the reaction vessel, an organic substance that is reversibly oxidized / reduced, excluding metal complexes and radicals, is used in liquid form with a supporting salt as an active material. The active material contained in the liquid is charged and discharged on the surface of the current collector.
The present invention relates to a secondary battery having an electrode in a liquid state using an organic compound as an active material, and a power supply system using the same.
A secondary battery is a system that stores and releases electrical energy by charging and discharging. Currently, secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for small portable devices, mobile power sources for electric vehicles, and ultra-large power sources for power storage, energy storage or output regulation. In general, a reactive species capable of electrochemical redox is used as an active material in a secondary battery. An electrode body is composed of such an active material and a current collector. And the secondary battery is comprised using the electrode body and electrolyte. Conventionally, in a lead storage battery, a nickel cadmium storage battery, a nickel hydride storage battery, or a lithium ion secondary battery that has been widely used, an electrode body is formed by fixing a solid active material to a current collector. In these batteries, the electrode body is apparently oxidized and reduced while maintaining a solid state.
On the other hand, a redox flow battery or the like that is used as a kind of liquid electrode body by bringing an active material into contact with a current collector in a state of being dissolved in a supporting salt solution is known.
Conventionally, as a redox flow battery, an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is used as an electrolytic solution, V 5+ / V 4+ , Cr 3+ / Cr 2+ or Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ for a positive electrode, and V 3+ / V 2+ for a negative electrode. Alternatively, a reaction system using Fe 2+ / Fe 1+ has been widely studied. However, increasing the capacity and output of an inorganic redox flow battery using heavy metal ions has limitations due to the limit of solubility of the active material in the electrolytic solution and the limitation of the reaction potential by using the aqueous electrolytic solution. Also, heavy metals are preferred to avoid as much as possible because of environmental load problems.
On the other hand, as an effort to increase the capacity, research using an organic compound with a small environmental load as an active material is also underway. JP-A-58-133788 discloses an electrolyte solution in which a metal complex salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solution so as to have a concentration of 0.5% or more or an electric conductivity of 1 × 10 −1 Ω · cm −1 or more. It is disclosed. It is also disclosed that this electrochemical reaction can be used for redox flow. Furthermore, an electrolyte solution in which a metal of Fe, Ru, Os, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, or Cu forms a metal complex with bipyridine or phenanthroline is disclosed. Here, the non-aqueous solution contains propylene carbonate or acetonitrile, and a power supply configuration integrated with the solar cell is also described on the premise that the redox flow battery using these is applied.
However, this structure does not oxidize and reduce the organic compound itself, but rather complexes the transition metal to increase the dissolved concentration of the ionic species, thereby improving the reaction rate and increasing the output. In other words, it is assumed that the active material contains a metal, and the environmental load cannot be improved.
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-36849 discloses a secondary battery in which an active material contained in a liquid electrode is an electrically special neutral radical compound. Further, it is described that this technique can be applied to an active material flow type battery using a liquid electrode, and that the current collector is a porous carbon body.
This configuration uses a radical compound as an active material. In general, radicals have a lifetime, and radicals have a property of becoming polymerized by a polymerization reaction. Therefore, an active material made of a radical compound may lose its function as an active material during the charge / discharge process or may be polymerized to increase the impedance of the current collector, resulting in deterioration of characteristics. In this configuration, the above-mentioned problems are addressed using a stable radical compound, but the energy density per volume is small and the capacity per volume of the battery is small.
The present invention avoids the use of heavy metals and avoids environmental load issues, avoids the deterioration of properties by avoiding the application of radicals, and is a new type that can use an organic compound with excellent reversibility as an active material. Secondary battery. Moreover, it is a power supply system using this secondary battery. The secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode current collector, and an isolation part. The positive electrode current collector oxidizes and reduces the positive electrode active material, and the negative electrode current collector oxidizes and reduces the negative electrode active material. The ion conductive separator separates at least the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material. And at least any one of a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material is an organic compound except a metal complex and a radical compound. The organic compound as the active material is in a liquid state or is used by being dissolved in a liquid, and is reversibly oxidized and reduced in a state dissolved with a supporting salt. In this configuration, the use of heavy metals is avoided, the problem of environmental load is avoided, and the application of radicals is avoided, so that deterioration of characteristics is avoided, and a new type of secondary battery having excellent life characteristics is obtained. Furthermore, power can be efficiently utilized in a power supply system that combines such a secondary battery and a power supply that supplies power to the secondary battery. In particular, by combining a fuel cell, a solar cell, and a commercial power source as a power source, it is possible to compensate for the respective drawbacks and efficiently supply power to a sudden load change.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a redox flow battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the reaction mechanism during discharge of the secondary battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of another redox flow battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a power supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of another power supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of still another power supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of a power supply system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of another power supply system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a power supply system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of another power supply system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Redox flow battery 10A Battery 11 Positive electrode collector 11T Positive electrode terminal 12 Negative electrode collector 12A Porous electrode 12T Negative electrode terminal 13 Isolation part 14 Container 14A Positive electrode chamber 14B Negative electrode chamber 15A, 15B Tank 16A, 16B, 17A, 17B Piping 18A , 18B Pump 19A, 19B Valve 20A Cathode solution 20B Cathode solution 21 Cathode active material oxidant 22 Cathode active material reductant 23 Anode active material oxidant 24 Anode active material reductant 31 Fuel cells 32, 42, 52 Cathode terminals 33, 43 , 53 Negative terminal 34 Load 35 Switch 351 Adjuster 36 Load current detector 37 Fuel cell control device 41 Solar cell 47, 57 Control unit 51 Commercial power supply 54 Rectifier circuit
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the following contents as long as it is based on the basic features described in the specification.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a basic structure of a redox flow battery which is a kind of secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. A positive electrode current collector 11 (hereinafter referred to as a current collector 11) housed in the container 14 that oxidizes and reduces the positive electrode active material is connected to the positive electrode terminal 11 </ b> T outside the container 14. Similarly, a negative electrode current collector 12 (hereinafter, current collector 12) that oxidizes and reduces the negative electrode active material is connected to the negative electrode terminal 12T. The container 14 is separated into a positive electrode chamber 14A and a negative electrode chamber 14B by an isolation part 13. The current collector 11 is housed in the positive electrode chamber 14A, and the current collector 12 is housed in the negative electrode chamber 14B.
The tank 15A contains a positive electrode solution 20A containing an organic compound that is a positive electrode active material, and the tank 15B contains a negative electrode solution 20B containing an organic compound that is a negative electrode active material. The pump 18A transports the positive electrode solution 20A between the tank 15A and the positive electrode chamber 14A via the pipe 16A, the pipe 17A, and the valve 19A. The pump 18B transports the negative electrode solution 20B between the tank 15B and the negative electrode chamber 14B via the pipe 16B, the pipe 17B, and the valve 19B. The tank 15 </ b> A, the pipe 16 </ b> A, the pipe 17 </ b> A, the pump 18 </ b> A, and the valve 19 </ b> A constitute a supply unit that supplies a positive electrode active material from the outside of the container 14. The tank 15B, the pipe 16B, the pipe 17B, the pump 18B, and the valve 19B constitute a supply unit that supplies a negative electrode active material from the outside of the container 14. In this way, a redox flow battery 10 (hereinafter, battery 10) having a free capacity design is configured.
In the structure of FIG. 1, active material supply units are provided on both the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side. However, at least one of these supply units is deleted or at least one of the supply units is a cartridge type. Or you may.
The current collectors 11 and 12 may be made of a material that is stable with respect to the applied solvent and supporting salt and stable with respect to the electrochemical reaction that is an electrode reaction, such as metal, carbon, and conductive polymer. It can be used by selecting from materials. A smooth plate is applicable as the structure of the current collectors 11 and 12. In order to increase the contact probability with the liquid active material, it is preferable to apply a structure with an increased surface area such as a perforated plate, a corrugated plate, a mesh, a surface roughened plate, or a sintered porous body.
The separator 13 that separates the positive electrode solution 20A and the negative electrode solution 20B includes not only a simple microporous film (porous body) used in ordinary secondary batteries, but also glass paper in which glass fibers are embedded in a nonwoven fabric. A porous membrane can be used. Further, a diaphragm having ion conductivity can be used, and such a material is preferably an ion exchange resin such as a cation exchange membrane or an anion exchange membrane, or a solid electrolyte.
The positive electrode solution 20A and the negative electrode solution 20B each include an organic compound that is an active material. Such an organic compound may be in a liquid state or may be used after being dissolved in a solvent. The electrochemical redox reaction using an organic compound as an active material requires that the organic compound and a supporting salt serving as an electrolyte coexist. That is, when the organic compound as the active material is a liquid, the supporting salt can be dissolved in this and accommodated in the container 14. Further, regardless of whether the organic compound is a liquid or a solid, it can be dissolved in a solvent together with the supporting salt to form a fluid and accommodated in the container 14.
When a supporting salt and a solvent are used as in the latter case, a solvent that dissolves both the organic active material and the supporting salt is widely applicable. The nonaqueous solvent currently used for the electrolyte solution of the existing lithium battery is applicable to the secondary battery of this invention. In addition, water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent can also be applied in the case where dissolution, precipitation, occlusion, and release of an alkali metal such as lithium and a metal such as magnesium are not targeted for the electromotive reaction of the negative electrode. That is, water may be used as the solvent.
In addition to acidic and basic salts such as H 2 SO 4 , HCl, LiOH, and KOH, the supporting salt includes LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC It is preferable to use a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a magnesium salt, or the like that dissociates a relatively large anion such as (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 3 . Moreover, room temperature molten salt can also be used. As the room temperature molten salt, those having a quaternary ammonium organic cation are preferable.
Examples of the quaternary ammonium organic cation include an imidazolium cation, a tetraalkylammonium cation, a pyridinium cation, a pyrrolium cation, a pyrazolium cation, a pyrrolidinium cation, and a piperidinium cation.
Examples of the imidazolium cation include 1,3-dimethylimidazolium ion, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ion, 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium ion, 1-butyl-3 as dialkylimidazolium cation. -Methyl imidazolium ion etc. are mentioned.
Examples of the trialkylimidazolium cation include 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium ion, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazolium ion, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium ion, and the like.
Examples of the tetraalkylammonium cation include, but are not limited to, trimethylethylammonium ion, trimethylpropylammonium ion, trimethylhexylammonium ion, and tetrapentylammonium ion.
Examples of the pyridinium ion include N-methylpyridinium ion, N-ethylpyridinium ion, N-propylpyridinium ion, N-butylpyridinium ion, 1-ethyl-2-methylpyridinium ion, 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium ion, 1 -Butyl-2,4-dimethylpyridinium etc. are mentioned.
Examples of the pyrrolium cation include 1,1-dimethylpyrrolium ion, 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolium ion, 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolium ion, and the like.
Examples of the pyrazolium cation include 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium ion.
Examples of the pyrrolidinium cation include 1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium ion, 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ion, 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium ion, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ion, and the like. Can be mentioned.
Examples of the piperidinium cation include 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium ion, 1-ethyl-1-methylpiperidinium ion, 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium ion, 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium ion, and the like. Can be mentioned.
These room temperature molten salts having a quaternary ammonium organic cation may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Moreover, it is preferable to select from the anion which consists only of a nonmetallic element as an anion of a nonaqueous electrolyte. Examples of such anions include OH − , BF 4 − , PF 6 − , CF 3 SO 3 − , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 − , N (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 − , N (CF 3 It is preferable to select one or more anions from the group consisting of SO 2 ) (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ) − , C (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 — and C (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 3 —. However, it is not limited to these. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, the anion of the room temperature molten salt and the anion of the lithium salt may be the same or different.
Solvents include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, sulfolane, dimethylformamide, dimethylformamide and other organic solvents, or a mixture of two or more thereof. It is preferable to use a solvent.
Moreover, as a liquid organic compound, what has a pi-electron conjugated cloud is preferable. Examples of such an organic compound include compounds represented by the following general formula (1), general formula (2), general formula (3), general formula (4), or general formula (5). Such a compound is preferable because it has a large capacity density, a high charge / discharge reversibility, and a high reaction rate.
(In the formula, X is a nitrogen atom, R 1 to R 4 are each an independent chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, amino group. , A nitro group or a nitroso group, R 5 and R 6 are each an independent chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, and the aliphatic group is an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur Including at least one selected from the group consisting of atoms, silicon atoms, phosphorus atoms, boron atoms and halogen atoms.)
(Wherein, X is a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, R 1 to R 4 are each an independent chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group , Amino group, nitro group or nitroso group, R 5 and R 6 are each an independent chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, and the aliphatic group is an oxygen atom, nitrogen (Including at least one selected from the group consisting of atoms, sulfur atoms, silicon atoms, phosphorus atoms, boron atoms and halogen atoms.)
(Wherein R 1 and R 2 are each an independent chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, and R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different. X is a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a carbon atom or a tellurium atom, and the aliphatic group is composed of a hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom and a halogen atom. Including at least one selected from the group)
(In the formula, X is a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, or a chain-like saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, which may be the same or different.)
If such a material is applied, a secondary battery having a large energy density and capable of charging and discharging with a large current can be obtained.
In addition to these, even when an organic compound having a thiol group in the molecule is applied as such an organic compound, a secondary battery having a high energy density can be obtained. For example, Ph—S—S—Ph (Ph is a phenyl group), CH 3 —S—S—CH 3 , and other disulfide materials having a benzene ring with a fluorine molecule, such as those having a small molecular weight. A supporting salt such as a room temperature molten salt such as LiBF 4 or ethylmethylimidazolium can be dissolved in such a material.
In FIG. 1, a liquid electrode body using an organic compound as an active material is applied to both the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side. In addition to this, a liquid electrode is applied to at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrode system having a solid active material or an ion storage / release active material similar to that of a conventional secondary battery on the counter electrode side can be used. . For example, lithium metal, graphite material electrode, silicon material electrode, and tin material electrode can be applied together with the support. These electrodes can be applied both in a state of containing lithium ions and in a state of not containing them.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of such a battery. In FIG. 3, the same components as those in FIG. The positive electrode side of the battery 10A has the same structure as the battery 10 shown in FIG. On the negative electrode side, a graphite porous electrode 12A, which is a negative electrode for a conventional lithium secondary battery, is used in the negative electrode chamber 14B. In this case, the isolation part 13 may be made of a solid electrolyte and brought into close contact with the porous electrode 12A, or the negative electrode chamber 14B may be filled with an electrolytic solution in which a supporting salt is dissolved.
In FIGS. 1 and 3, the positive electrode chamber 14A and the negative electrode chamber 14B are shown as a single one, but a plurality of these reaction chambers can be combined in series or in parallel to increase the voltage and capacity. In this case, in order to avoid a short circuit, the liquid active materials having the same polarity combined in series are separated in each reaction chamber. For example, a discontinuous part is provided in a drip form at an appropriate position.
Next, an organic compound which is an active material and its reaction will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reaction mechanism at the time of discharging the secondary battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The positive electrode active material oxidant 21 is reduced upon contact with the current collector 11 present in the positive electrode solution 20 </ b> A in the presence of the supporting salt ion to become a positive electrode active material reductant 22. On the other hand, the negative electrode active material reductant 24 comes into contact with the current collector 12 present in the negative electrode solution 20B in the presence of the supporting salt ions and is oxidized to become a negative electrode active material oxide 23. The reaction product positive electrode active material reductant 22 and negative electrode active material oxidant 23 are immediately separated from the current collector 11 and the current collector 12, respectively, into the positive electrode solution 20A and the negative electrode solution 20B in which a supporting salt is present. Dissolve again. The reverse reaction occurs during charging. By such a reversible reaction, charging / discharging of the battery 10 proceeds. The reaction mechanism in the redox reaction varies depending on the type of organic compound, but it is common in that the electrochemical and reversible redox reaction potential between the oxidant and the reductant is the basis of the electromotive force. .
The organic compound which is an active material in this embodiment is dissolved in a solvent at a much higher concentration in the temperature range of 0 ° C. or lower to about 100 ° C., and requires heating, etc., compared to conventional heavy metal aqueous solutions. Battery operating temperature range is wide. However, in the case of an aqueous solution, water is solidified in the region of 0 ° C. or lower, so that the active material cannot be dissolved and cannot be operated as a battery.
Furthermore, in a redox flow battery using a vanadium-based material, it is generally used at an active material concentration of about 1.5 to 2 mol / L. For example, some of the compounds represented by the general formula (1) include 10 There are those that can dissolve about mol / L. Furthermore, since the vanadium-based active material liquid contains heavy metals, the specific gravity is as large as about 6 g / cm 3 . On the other hand, when an organic compound is used as the active material, it is about 1.0 g / cm 3 , and the entire battery can be designed to be lightweight.
As such an organic compound which is an active material, an organic compound having a π electron conjugated cloud and an organic compound having a thiol group in the molecule are preferable. An organic compound having a π-electron conjugated cloud represented by any one of the general formulas (1) to (3) and an organic compound having a quinone-based moiety represented by any one of the general formulas (4) and (5) A compound having a structure or an organic compound having a thiol group can be used as an active material as long as it can be dissolved in a solvent, and the molecular weight is not particularly limited. Among them, an organic compound having a π electron conjugated cloud has a particularly fast reaction rate and excellent reversibility. Hereinafter, these compounds will be described. First, an organic compound having a π electron conjugated cloud will be described in detail.
A compound having a π electron conjugated cloud (hereinafter referred to as a π electron conjugated compound) is a compound having a relatively flat molecular structure. When this molecule is oxidized or reduced by charge and discharge, the electronic state on the π electron cloud changes without changing the basic molecular structure. Therefore, this molecule rapidly coordinates with an anion or cation coexisting in the vicinity thereof to form a stable oxidant or reductant, and is dissolved in the solution. Conversely, when the oxidant or reductant formed by charging is discharged, this molecule will rapidly release the anion and cation provided, return itself to its original molecular state, and will be dissolved in the solution. .
In this mechanism, there is no diffusion resistance associated with interlayer movement of cations such as a layered compound such as LiCoO 2 . Thus, the compound represented by any one of the general formulas (1) to (3) is a preferable material that can be expected to be rapidly charged and discharged. In order to perform such a reaction, the π-electron conjugated compound has a high reaction rate. Therefore, a battery using such a material as an active material can be charged / discharged with a large current. Among such π-electron compounds exhibiting reversibility, a compound having a structure represented by any one of the general formulas (1) to (3) is an organic compound particularly excellent in reaction rate and reversibility. .
Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1), the general formula (2), or the general formula (3) include compounds disclosed by the present inventors in JP-A Nos. 2004-111374 and 2004-342605. Is mentioned. Among these, examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) include a compound represented by the general formula (6) and a compound represented by the formula (7).
General formula (6):
In the formula, R 1 to R 4 and R 7 to R 10 are each a chain saturated, unsaturated aliphatic group, cyclic saturated, unsaturated aliphatic group, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, amino group, nitro group A group or a nitroso group, and the aliphatic group contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom and a halogen atom.
The compound of the formula (7) is expected to have a low molecular weight and a high capacity among the compound group of the general formula (2).
In addition, the compound group of the general formula (6) approaches the energy level at which electrons are extracted from the two 5-membered rings due to the presence of the two benzene rings located on the two 5-membered rings, as if it were a one-electron reaction. It is believed that the reaction proceeds. Therefore, the reaction rate is faster than in the case where R 5 and R 6 do not contain a benzene ring in the general formula (2). As typical examples of the compound of the general formula (6), compounds represented by the formulas (8) to (11) are preferable compounds.
Furthermore, when the compound of the formula (12) belonging to the general formula (1) is used as an active material, it can be used as a negative electrode active material because of its low potential. When the compound of the formula (12) is used as the negative electrode active material, for example, an oxide electrode such as LiCoO 2 that absorbs and releases lithium ions, which is generally used in lithium secondary batteries, is used as the positive electrode active material. it can.
Next, the compound represented by the general formula (3) will be described. In the general formula (3), the aliphatic group of R 1 and R 2 is not particularly limited, but an aliphatic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable. In particular, it is preferable to select the aliphatic group so that the structure of the general formula (3) has a structure in which two cyclic π-electron groups are connected by a double bond.
Examples of the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (3) include a compound represented by the general formula (13).
General formula (13):
In the formula, R 3 to R 6 are each independently a chain or cyclic saturated, unsaturated aliphatic group, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, amino group, nitro group or nitroso group, and R 3 to R 6 may be the same or different, and the aliphatic group contains at least one selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, silicon atom, phosphorus atom, boron atom and halogen atom. Can do.
In the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (13), examples of the aliphatic group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a thioalkyl group, an aldehyde group, a carboxylic acid group, and a halogenated group. An alkyl group etc. are mentioned, A compound like Formula (14), Formula (15), Formula (16), General formula (17), General formula (18), General formula (19) is contained.
Formula (16):
Formula (17):
In the formula, R 7 and R 8 are each independently a chain or cyclic saturated, unsaturated aliphatic group, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, amino group, nitro group or nitroso group, and R 7 and R 7 8 may be the same or different, X is a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a carbon atom, or a tellurium atom, and the aliphatic group is an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, 1 or more types chosen from the group which consists of an atom, a boron atom, and a halogen atom can be included.
General formula (18):
In the formula, X and Y are each independently a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a carbon atom, or a methylene group, and X and Y may be the same or different.
General formula (19):
In the formula, R 9 and R 10 are each independently a chain or cyclic saturated, unsaturated aliphatic group, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, amino group, nitro group or nitroso group, and R 9 and R 10 10 may be the same or different, and the aliphatic group contains one or more selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, silicon atom, phosphorus atom, boron atom and halogen atom. N is 1 or greater.
Examples of the aliphatic group represented by R 7 and R 8 in the general formula (17) and R 9 and R 10 in the general formula (19) include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a thioalkyl group, Examples include aldehyde groups, carboxylic acid groups, and halogenated alkyl groups.
Examples of the compound corresponding to the general formula (17) include compounds such as the formula (20), the formula (21), and the formula (22).
Formula (20):
Formula (21):
Examples of the compound corresponding to the general formula (18) include compounds such as the formula (23), the formula (24), and the formula (25).
Formula (24):
Formula (25):
As a compound applicable to General formula (19), a compound like Formula (26) is mentioned, for example.
Formula (26):
The compounds represented by formula (27) and formula (28) also belong to general formula (13).
Formula (27):
Formula (28):
As the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (3), a polymer compound having a plurality of structures represented by the general formula (3) can be used. Such a compound preferably has a polyacetylene chain as the main chain because it extends the π electron cloud.
The compound represented by the general formula (4) is a quinone. The substituent X is preferably a halogen or cyano group having high electronegativity, but may be a hydrogen atom. Examples of the compound belonging to the general formula (4) include formulas (29), (30), (31), (32), and (33).
Formula (29):
Formula (30):
Formula (31):
Formula (32):
Formula (33):
In general formula (4), an oxygen atom is bonded to the para position of the six-membered ring, but a compound in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the ortho position may be used. An example of such a compound is general formula (34). Moreover, Formula (35) is mentioned as the specific example.
General formula (34):
(Wherein R5 to R12 are proton, fluorine, or an alkyl group, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, and may contain nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, etc., and the aliphatic group may be linear or cyclic. R1 to R4 may be the same or different.)
Formula (35):
The compound represented by the general formula (5) is a derivative of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoxymethane (TCNQ). When the substituent X is used as a positive electrode active material, it is preferably a halogen or cyano group having high electronegativity, but may be a hydrogen atom. When used as a negative electrode active material, a methyl group, a methoxy group, a butyl group, or the like is desirable. Examples of the compound belonging to the general formula (5) include formulas (36) and (37).
Formula (36):
Formula (37):
Next, an organic compound having a thiol group in the molecule will be described. One of these organic disulfide compounds is generally an organic compound having an -SS-bonding portion in the molecule such as RSSR '(R and R' are aliphatic or aromatic). . These organic disulfide compounds form an oxidant in which the bond between SS is cleaved by oxidation. That is, the oxidant is a thiol compound having a —SH group or a —SLi group at the terminal. These become the original organic disulfide compound molecules upon reduction. That is, the organic disulfide compound is a reduced form. As an example of the organic thiol compound, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole is soluble in a solvent and can be used as a negative electrode active material.
In addition to these compounds, an organic compound which dissolves the supporting salt in a liquid state or is dissolved in a solvent together with the supporting salt and can be reversibly oxidized / reduced can be used as the active material.
As described above, the secondary battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention can be a battery having a wide operating temperature range, high output characteristics, and a low environmental load.
The battery 10 according to the first embodiment has a container 14, a tank 15A, and a tank 15B separated from each other, and these are connected by an active material transport supply circuit (supply unit). Can be installed in position. Furthermore, such a configuration can be applied to a small power source of a portable device. In other words, the tank 15A, the tank 15B, the supply unit, and the container 14 as the reaction unit can be made detachable such as cassettes, and can be made portable. For example, it is possible to configure a system in which the container 14 is housed compactly in a limited space in an electronic device and an active material is supplied from a place where the device has room or from the outside of the device. In addition to the redox flow battery, a sealed battery may be configured.
Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in more detail with specific examples. In addition, this invention is not limited to the example shown below.
As the current collectors 11 and 12, graphite sintered bodies having a shape of 30 mm in length, 10 mm in width, and 5 mm in thickness were used. In addition, glass paper having a thickness of 40 μm was used for the isolation part 13 that isolates the positive electrode chamber 14A and the negative electrode chamber 14B. Using these, a battery 10 having a liquid electrode having the structure shown in FIG. 1 and using an organic compound excluding a metal complex salt and a radical compound as an active material was formed. An equal volume mixed solvent of methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate was used as a solvent, and 1 mol / L of LiPF 6 was dissolved as a supporting salt to prepare a supporting salt solution.
Using a compound represented by the formula (7), which is an organic substance having a π-electron conjugated cloud, as a positive electrode active material, this compound was dissolved in the above-described supporting salt solution at a concentration of 10 mmol / L to prepare a positive electrode solution 20A. Next, the compound of formula (12) was used as the negative electrode active material, and this compound was dissolved in the above-mentioned supporting salt solution at a concentration of 10 mmol / L to prepare a negative electrode solution 20B. Next, the positive electrode solution 20A and the negative electrode solution 20B were accommodated in the tanks 15A and 15B, respectively, and the battery 10 based on the above-described configuration was produced.
A compound represented by Formula (28), which is an organic substance having a π-electron conjugated cloud, was used as a positive electrode active material, and a compound represented by Formula (14), which was an organic substance having a π-electron conjugated cloud, was used as a negative electrode active material. A battery 10 of Sample B was produced in the same manner as Sample A except for the above.
Using 2-amino-4,6-mercaptopyridine, which is an organic thiol compound, as the positive electrode active material, this was dissolved in a supporting salt solution similar to Sample A to prepare a positive electrode solution 20A. Further, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, which is a liquid organic thiol compound, was used as the negative electrode active material, and 1 mol / L of LiPF 6 was dissolved as a supporting salt to prepare a negative electrode solution 20B. A battery C of Sample C was made in the same manner as Sample A except for the above.
A compound represented by Formula (32), which is an organic substance having a π electron conjugated cloud, was used as a positive electrode active material, and a compound represented by Formula (29), which was an organic substance having a π electron conjugated cloud, was used as a negative electrode active material. A battery D of Sample D was made in the same manner as Sample A except for the above.
Instead of the negative electrode current collector 12, a graphite porous electrode, which is a negative electrode for a conventional lithium secondary battery, was used, and the battery 10 of Sample E was the same as Sample B except that the supporting salt solution of Sample A was used. Was made. That is, in this configuration, an organic compound excluding a metal complex salt and a radical compound is applied only to the positive electrode active material.
Instead of the positive electrode current collector 11, an electrode containing LiCoO 2 which is a positive electrode for a conventional lithium secondary battery and a carbon material as a conductive material was used. Similarly, the battery 10 of Sample F was produced. That is, in this configuration, the organic compound excluding the metal complex salt and the radical compound is applied only to the negative electrode active material.
A comparative sample battery was prepared in the same manner as Sample E, except that 2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidinoxyl radical derivative, which is one of nitroxy radical organic compounds, was used as the positive electrode active material.
An outline of the above configuration is shown in (Table 1).
Next, for each of these batteries, the pump 18A and, if necessary, the pump 18B were operated, the supply unit was operated, and the positive electrode solution 20A and the negative electrode solution 20B were circulated at a flow rate of 100 cm 3 / min. In this state, the current collectors 11 and 12 were subjected to a charge / discharge test at a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 . In that case, the upper limit and the lower limit voltage of charging / discharging were set as shown in (Table 1).
As a result, Samples A to F could be repeatedly charged and discharged for 50 cycles or more. Further, the batteries 18A and 18B were stopped after charging and left for 30 days or more, and the capacity was hardly reduced. Thus, even if glass paper was used for the isolation part 13, there was no problem with this level of charge / discharge cycle or neglect.
On the other hand, the capacity of the comparative sample decreased with the cycle, and the capacity and flat voltage of the battery left after charging were significantly reduced by leaving it for several hours. As a result of analysis, it was found that the decrease in the characteristic decrease was caused not only by the lifetime of the radical, but also by the decrease in the active material component due to the radical polymerization and the increase in the impedance of the current collector surface. Further, since most radical compounds undergo a one-electron reaction, the capacity density is small. For example, the theoretical capacity density of the compound used for the comparative sample is 172 mAh / g. In contrast, any of the compounds according to the present embodiment has a two-electron reaction. Therefore, the capacity density is large, and the energy density of the battery is large.
Similar results were obtained for the compounds listed in the embodiment other than the active material used in the sample and organic compounds having a thiol group that were liquid or solvent-soluble.
Next, an example in which an aqueous solution is used as the supporting salt solution will be described.
As the current collectors 11 and 12, graphite sintered bodies having a shape of 30 mm in length, 10 mm in width, and 5 mm in thickness were used. In addition, glass paper having a thickness of 40 μm was used for the isolation part 13 that isolates the positive electrode chamber 14A and the negative electrode chamber 14B. Using these, a battery 10 having a liquid electrode having the structure shown in FIG. 1 and using an organic compound excluding a metal complex salt and a radical compound as an active material was formed. An aqueous solution in which 1 mol / L of LiCl was dissolved was prepared as a supporting salt solution.
A compound represented by the formula (36), which is an organic substance having a π-electron conjugated cloud, was used as the positive electrode active material, and this compound was dissolved in the above-mentioned supporting salt solution at a concentration of 10 mmol / L to prepare a positive electrode solution 20A. Next, the compound of formula (14) was used as the negative electrode active material, and this compound was dissolved in the above-mentioned supporting salt solution at a concentration of 10 mmol / L to prepare a negative electrode solution 20B. Next, the positive electrode solution 20A and the negative electrode solution 20B were accommodated in the tanks 15A and 15B, respectively, and the battery 10 based on the above-described configuration was produced.
A compound represented by Formula (37) which is an organic substance having a π electron conjugated cloud was used as a positive electrode active material, and a compound represented by Formula (36) which was an organic substance having a π electron conjugated cloud was used as a negative electrode active material. A battery L of Sample L was made in the same manner as Sample K except for the above.
A compound represented by Formula (30), which is an organic substance having a π electron conjugated cloud, was used as a positive electrode active material, and a compound represented by Formula (29), which was an organic substance having a π electron conjugated cloud, was used as a negative electrode active material. An aqueous solution in which 2 mol / L of HNO 3 was dissolved was used as the supporting salt solution. A battery L of Sample L was made in the same manner as Sample K except for the above.
A compound represented by Formula (25), which is an organic substance having a π electron conjugated cloud, was used as a positive electrode active material, and a compound represented by Formula (35), which was an organic substance having a π electron conjugated cloud, was used as a negative electrode active material. An aqueous solution in which 2 mol / L of HNO 3 was dissolved was used as the supporting salt solution. A battery N of Sample N was produced in the same manner as Sample K except for the above.
An outline of the above configuration is shown in (Table 2).
Next, each of these batteries was evaluated in the same manner as Sample A. In that case, the upper limit and the lower limit voltage of charging / discharging were set as shown in (Table 2). These samples could be repeatedly charged and discharged for 50 cycles or more. Further, it was confirmed that the battery 18A and the pump 18B were stopped after charging and the capacity of the batteries left for 30 days or more was hardly reduced. Thus, even if glass paper was used for the isolation part 13, there was no problem with this level of charge / discharge cycle or neglect.
Next, a power supply system to which the secondary battery described in Embodiment 1 is applied will be described. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a power supply system that combines the secondary battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and a fuel cell that is a power supply for supplying power to the secondary battery.
The positive terminal 32 of the fuel cell 31 is connected to the positive terminal 11T of the battery 10, the negative terminal 33 is connected to the negative terminal 12T, and both are connected to the load 34. That is, the fuel cell 31 and the battery 10 are connected in parallel. The battery 10 has the structure shown in FIG. Although not shown, it is preferable that a regulator for adjusting the charging voltage is provided between the battery 10 and the fuel cell 31, and a switch for selecting a circuit is provided at an arbitrary position.
In this power supply system, the battery 10 is constantly charged from the fuel cell 31, and power can be supplied to the load 34 from both the fuel cell 31 and the battery 10. When the output of the fuel cell 31 is insufficient with respect to the power of the load 34, power is supplied from the battery 10. That is, when the electrical size of the load 34 changes, the battery 10 supplementarily supplies power to the load 34 until the fuel cell 31 responds to the load fluctuation. After the fuel cell 31 responds to the load fluctuation, only the fuel cell 31 supplies power to the load 34 and the fuel cell 31 charges the battery 10. Thereby, the remaining capacity of the battery 10 is maintained at a predetermined capacity.
In general, it is most efficient for a fuel cell to output a predetermined steady power. The battery 10 plays a role of a peak cut function and energy storage with respect to the fluctuating load 34. Thereby, the fuel cell 31 is utilized efficiently. In addition, since the battery 10 has high output performance, the power supply system can be made compact. Further, if the tanks 15A and 15B are separated from the container 14 which is a charge / discharge part, it can be installed in an arbitrary environment.
Next, a power supply system having another configuration will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same part as in FIG. 4 is omitted. A switch 35 is provided between the battery 10 and the fuel cell 31. A load current detector 36 is provided between the battery 10 and the load 34. Although not shown, a device for detecting the state of the fuel cell 31 is provided inside the fuel cell 31, and a state detection signal 39 is sent from the fuel cell 31 to the fuel cell control device 37. The fuel cell control device 37 receives the output signal of the load current detector 36 and the state detection signal 39 of the fuel cell 31 and transmits a control signal 38 to the switch 35 and the fuel cell 31. In addition, a certain amount of energy from the fuel cell 31 is stored in the battery 10 in advance.
In the above configuration, the operation of each part when the fuel cell 31 responds to load fluctuation will be described. A load current detector 36 detects the current flowing through the load 34. The load current detector 36 sends a signal corresponding to the detected load current to the fuel cell control device 37. Based on this signal, the fuel cell control device 37 determines whether or not there is a load fluctuation. When it is determined that the load has changed, the fuel cell control device 37 transmits a control signal 38 to the fuel cell 31 and the switch 35.
The fuel cell 31 receives the control signal 38 and changes the amount of fuel supplied in order to cope with the load fluctuation. However, it takes time until the fuel is supplied to the entire membrane which is the reaction field of the fuel cell 31. The switch 35 receives the control signal 38 and opens the circuit. Electric power is supplied to the load 34 only from the battery 10. Thus, while the fuel corresponding to the load 34 is supplied to the fuel cell 31, influences such as a decrease in output to the fuel cell 31 and polarity reversal are eliminated.
When the fuel cell control device 37 determines from the signal 39 sent from the fuel cell 31 that the load current can be handled, the fuel cell control device 37 sends a control signal 38 to the switch 35 to open and close the switch. The vessel 35 is closed. Thus, after the fuel cell 31 responds to the fluctuation of the load 34, only the fuel cell 31 charges the energy consumed by the battery 10 while supplying power to the load 34.
Thus, a sudden decrease in output voltage and inversion can be prevented, the life and reliability of the fuel cell can be improved, and the stability and maintainability of the entire system can be improved.
Next, a power supply system having another configuration will be described with reference to FIG. Description of the same parts as those in FIGS. 4 and 5 is omitted. In this configuration, a regulator 351 for limiting the output is provided instead of the switch 35 in FIG. The fuel cell control device 37 receives the output signal of the load current detector 36 and the fuel cell state detection signal 39 and transmits a control signal 38 to the regulator 351 and the fuel cell 31. In addition, a certain amount of energy from the fuel cell 31 is stored in the battery 10 in advance.
In the above configuration, the operation of each part when the fuel cell 31 responds to load fluctuation will be described. The load current detector 36 detects the current flowing through the load 34. The load current detector 36 sends a signal corresponding to the detected load current to the fuel cell control device 37. Based on this signal, the fuel cell control device 37 determines whether or not there is a load fluctuation. If it is determined that there is a load change, the fuel cell control device 37 transmits a control signal 38 to the fuel cell 31 and the regulator 351.
The fuel cell 31 receives the control signal 38 and changes the amount of fuel supplied in order to cope with the load fluctuation. However, it takes time until the fuel is supplied to the entire membrane which is the reaction field of the fuel cell 31. During this period, the fuel cell 31 alone cannot supply power to the load 34. Therefore, the battery 10 supplies a shortage of current. Upon receiving the signal 39 for detecting the state of the fuel cell 31, the fuel cell control device 37 transmits a control signal 38 to the regulator 351 to limit the output of the fuel cell 31. When the fuel cell control device 37 determines that the fuel cell 31 is capable of handling the load current based on the signal 39, the fuel cell control device 37 transmits a control signal 38 to the regulator 351, and the output of the fuel cell 31. Remove the restriction.
By responding to the load fluctuation in the above order, the influence such as the output decrease and the polarity reversal to the fuel cell 31 is eliminated while the fuel cell 31 is supplied with the fuel corresponding to the load 34. During this time, power is supplied to the load 34 while the battery 10 supplements the output of the fuel cell 31. When the fuel cell 31 responds to fluctuations in the load 34, only the fuel cell 31 supplies power to the load 34 while charging the battery 10 with consumed energy. In this case, since the energy taken out from the battery 10 at the time of load fluctuation is reduced, there is a margin for dealing with the maximum value of output fluctuation as a whole system.
As a result, a sudden decrease in output voltage and inversion can be prevented, the life and reliability of the fuel cell can be improved, and the stability and maintainability of the entire system can be improved. Further, when the maximum value of the load current to be handled is the same, the capacity and the number of the batteries 10 to be mounted can be reduced, and the overall cost can be reduced.
As described above, in the power supply system according to the present embodiment, when the load 34 exceeds the power supply capability of the fuel cell 31 that is the power supply, insufficient power is supplied from the battery 10 to the load 34. Then, after the fuel cell 31 can supply power corresponding to the load 34, the battery 10 is charged so as to maintain the remaining capacity of the battery 10 at a predetermined capacity.
Further, during steady operation, the fuel cell 31 supplies power to the load 34. When the load 34 falls below the power supply capability of the fuel cell 31, it is preferable to charge the battery 10 with the surplus power of the fuel cell 31. Thereby, the power generation capability of the fuel cell 31 can be effectively utilized. In addition, it is preferable to control the operation of the fuel cell 31 in this way because the power generation efficiency is better when the output is not changed.
Next, another power supply system to which the secondary battery described in Embodiment 1 is applied will be described. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of a power supply system in which the battery 10 and the solar battery 41 are combined. The positive terminal 42 of the solar battery 41 is connected to the positive terminal 11T of the battery 10, the negative terminal 43 is connected to the negative terminal 12T, and both are connected to the load 34. The battery 10 has the structure shown in FIG. Although not shown, it is preferable that a regulator for adjusting the charging voltage is provided between the battery 10 and the solar battery 41, and a switch for selecting a circuit is provided at an arbitrary position.
In this power supply system, the battery 10 is in a state of being constantly charged from the solar battery 41, but generally the output of the solar battery varies depending on the light irradiation state due to the weather, time, or the like. In this power supply system, when the output of the solar battery 41 is insufficient with respect to the load 34, the battery 10 is discharged to compensate for power. When the output of the solar battery 41 has a surplus capacity with respect to the load 34, the battery 10 is charged. In this way, the solar cell 41 whose output varies is effectively used. In particular, since the solar cell 41 is installed in an outdoor environment, the battery 10 having a wide operating temperature range is a preferred supplementary facility for the power system.
Next, a power supply system having another configuration will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same part as in FIG. 7 is omitted. Although not shown, a regulator for adjusting the charging voltage is provided between the battery 10 and the solar battery 41, and a switch 35 or a regulator (not shown) is provided between the solar battery 41 and the battery 10. Is provided. In addition, a control unit 47 that grasps the charging state of the battery 10 and controls charging from the solar battery 41 is provided.
Even in this power supply system, when the output of the solar battery 41 is insufficient with respect to the load 34, the battery 10 is discharged to compensate for the power, and when the output of the solar battery 41 has a surplus capacity with respect to the load 34, the battery 10 is charged. The Here, the battery 10 is charged from the solar battery 41 by the function of the switch 35 or the regulator controlled by the control unit 47 according to the state of charge, and is controlled to a fully charged state in the no-load state. When it is determined that the battery 10 is fully charged and the load 34 is not present and the solar radiation continues, the control unit 47 controls the switch 35 or the regulator to stop charging.
And when supplying electric power to the load 34, the control part 47 interrupts | blocks the electric power from the solar cell 41 with the switch 35, or adjusts it with a regulator. As a result, only the battery 10 supplies power to the load 34. Alternatively, when the battery 10 supplementarily supplies power that is insufficient for power generation by the solar battery 41, stable power that is not affected by the amount of solar radiation at that time can be supplied to the load 34.
In this way, the solar cell 41 whose output varies can be used effectively. The battery 10 can efficiently store a solar battery output that varies drastically depending on the amount of solar radiation. In particular, since the solar cell 41 is installed in an outdoor environment, the battery 10 having a wide operating temperature range is a preferred supplementary facility for the power system.
Further, in this system, there is a problem that the battery 10 is overdischarged when the amount of power charged by the amount of solar radiation exceeds the amount of power consumed. Therefore, a commercial power source may be further combined for auxiliary and backup purposes. With such a configuration, it is possible to construct a stable power supply system by efficiently using the generated power of the solar battery 41 while saving electricity charges.
As described above, in the power supply system according to the present embodiment, when the load 34 exceeds the power supply capability of the solar battery 41 that is a power supply, insufficient power is supplied from the battery 10 to the load 34. Then, after the solar battery 41 can supply power corresponding to the load 34, the battery 10 is charged so as to maintain the remaining capacity of the battery 10 at a predetermined capacity.
Further, when the load 34 is lower than the power supply capability of the solar battery 41, it is preferable to charge the battery 10 with the surplus power of the solar battery 41. Thereby, the power generation capability of the solar cell 41 can be effectively utilized.
Next, still another power supply system to which the secondary battery described in Embodiment 1 is applied will be described. FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a power supply system in which the battery 10 and the commercial power supply 51 are combined. The AC commercial power supply 51 is connected to a rectifier circuit 54 such as a rectifier or converter having a function of converting AC to DC. The rectifier circuit 54 has a positive terminal 52 and a negative terminal 53 on the output side. The positive terminal 52 is connected to the positive terminal 11T of the battery 10, the negative terminal 53 is connected to the negative terminal 12T, and both are connected to the load 34. That is, the rectifier circuit 54 connected to the commercial power supply 51 and the battery 10 are connected in parallel. The battery 10 has the structure shown in FIG. Although not shown, it is preferable that a regulator for adjusting the charging voltage is provided between the battery 10 and the rectifier circuit 54 and that a switch for selecting the circuit is provided at an arbitrary position.
In this power supply system, the battery 10 is constantly charged from the commercial power supply 51 by a constant current method or a constant voltage method. The battery 10 plays a role such as accumulating the power of the commercial power source 51 to prepare for an emergency such as a power failure, or to cope with a case where the load 34 fluctuates greatly instantaneously. That is, when the size of the load 34 changes, the battery 10 supplementarily supplies power to the load 34 until the commercial power supply 51 responds to the load fluctuation. After the commercial power supply 51 responds to the load fluctuation, only the commercial power supply 51 supplies power to the load 34 and the commercial power supply 51 charges the battery 10. The battery 10 having excellent high output characteristics is an effective supplementing facility in such a complex system. Alternatively, the battery 10 is mainly charged during the time and season when the power demand is low, such as at night and in spring and autumn, and is discharged mainly from the battery 10 during the daytime, summer and winter when the power demand is high. This contributes to power load leveling.
Next, another type of power supply system will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same part as in FIG. 9 is omitted. Although not shown, a regulator for adjusting the charging voltage is provided between the battery 10 and the rectifier circuit 54. A switch 35 or a regulator (not shown) is provided between the battery 10 and the rectifier circuit 54. The regulator is the same as the regulator 351 in FIG. Further, a control unit 57 that grasps the charging state of the battery 10 and controls charging from the commercial power supply 51 is provided. Further, it is desirable that a current measuring function is provided in the switch 35 or the regulator and a current signal is sent to the control unit 57.
In this power supply system, the control unit 57 controls the switch 35 or the regulator according to the state of charge of the battery 10. The battery 10 is charged from the commercial power source 51 by a constant current method or a constant voltage method by the action of the switch 35 or the regulator. The battery 10 is controlled to a fully charged state in a no-load state.
When the signal from the battery 10 is received and it is determined that the battery 10 is fully charged and there is no load, the control unit 57 controls the switch 35 or the regulator to stop charging. When the load 34 is within the allowable range of the breaker, the control unit 57 supplies power to the load 34 while maintaining the charged state of the battery 10. By such control, the battery 10 accumulates the power of the commercial power source 51 and supplies power corresponding to a power failure or the like in case of an emergency. Alternatively, when the load 34 fluctuates so as to temporarily exceed the allowable value of the breaker, the battery 10 supplementarily supplies power to the load 34. After the commercial power supply 51 responds to the load fluctuation, the commercial power supply 51 supplies power to the load 34 and the commercial power supply 51 charges the battery 10.
In addition, it is desirable that the control unit 57 controls the switch 35 or the regulator so that the allowable value of the breaker is not exceeded by the current measuring function provided in the switch 35 or the regulator. With such control, the shortage can be compensated from the battery 10 while supplying the maximum power from the commercial power supply 51.
The battery 10 having excellent high output characteristics can supply stable power against repeated power outages by rapidly charging the energy consumed in such a complex system. Further, in such a complex system, the battery 10 having excellent high output characteristics responds to a transient load fluctuation with a battery 10 having a smaller capacity in response to a temporary sudden increase in load, and stably supplies power. be able to. At this time, the power supply is not cut off beyond the capacity limit of the breaker.
Alternatively, the battery 10 having excellent high output characteristics is charged mainly during the time and season when the power demand is low such as at night and in spring and autumn in such a composite system, and during the time and season when the power demand is high during the daytime, summer and winter. Is mainly discharged. In this way, the battery 10 contributes to power load leveling. As described above, the battery 10 having excellent high output characteristics makes such a complex system an effective power compensation facility. That is, when the load 34 falls below the power supply capability of the commercial power supply 51, it is preferable to charge the battery 10 with surplus power from the commercial power supply 51.
As described above, in the power supply system according to the present embodiment, when the load 34 exceeds the power supply capability of the commercial power supply 51 that is a power supply, insufficient power is supplied from the battery 10 to the load 34. Then, after the commercial power supply 51 can supply power corresponding to the load 34, the battery 10 is charged so as to maintain the remaining capacity of the battery 10 at a predetermined capacity.
As described above, the battery 10 according to Embodiment 1 is excellent in environmental impact and exhibits excellent life characteristics without containing a heavy metal as a complex. Furthermore, by configuring the combined power system with the fuel cell 31, the solar cell 41, and the commercial power 51 as in the second to fourth embodiments, the shortcomings of other power systems (power sources) are compensated, and the effectiveness of each feature is improved. Enable use. That is, when the fluctuation of the load exceeds the power supply capability of a power source other than the secondary battery of the present invention, or when the power supply capability of the power source decreases and is not sufficient for the load, the secondary battery has insufficient power for the load. Supply.
In the second to fourth embodiments, any one of the fuel cell 31, the solar cell 41, and the commercial power source 51 is combined with the battery 10, but power sources other than the battery may be mixed.
In the state close to full charge, the battery 10 is liable to cause a side reaction other than the battery reaction. Therefore, when the state is maintained for a long time, the characteristics of the battery 10 are deteriorated. Therefore, in the power supply systems described in Embodiments 2 to 4, it is preferable that the control units 37, 47, and 57 discharge the battery 10 to reduce the charging depth when the predetermined charging depth (remaining capacity) is exceeded. That is, it is preferable to maintain the remaining capacity of the battery 10 at a predetermined capacity. This prolongs the life of the battery 10 and suppresses cycle deterioration. Such control may be applied to the power supply system of the third embodiment described above or the power supply system of the fourth embodiment described later.
The secondary battery of the present invention is safe and has a long life, and is effective not only for portability and improvement of mountability to electronic equipment, but also for small power supplies such as electric vehicles, energy storage and power smoothing. It is expected to be used as a new power source ranging from large to large.
In the formula, R 7 and R 8 are each independently a linear or cyclic saturated, unsaturated aliphatic group, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, amino group, nitro group or nitroso group, and R 7 and R 8 8 may be the same or different, X is a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a carbon atom, or a tellurium atom, and the aliphatic group is an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, 1 or more types chosen from the group which consists of an atom, a boron atom, and a halogen atom can be included.
1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a redox flow battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Schematic diagram illustrating a reaction mechanism during discharge of the secondary battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Schematic configuration diagram of another redox flow battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Conceptual diagram of a power supply system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention Conceptual diagram of another power supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention Conceptual diagram of still another power supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention Conceptual diagram of a power supply system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention Conceptual diagram of another power supply system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention Conceptual diagram of a power supply system in Embodiment 4 of the present invention Conceptual diagram of another power supply system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Redox flow battery 10A Battery 11 Positive electrode collector 11T Positive electrode terminal 12 Negative electrode collector 12A Porous body electrode 12T Negative electrode terminal 13 Isolation part 14 Container 14A Positive electrode chamber 14B Negative electrode chamber 15A, 15B Tank 16A, 16B, 17A, 17B Piping 18A , 18B Pump 19A, 19B Valve 20A Cathode solution 20B Cathode solution 21 Cathode active material oxidant 22 Cathode active material reductant 23 Anode active material oxidant 24 Anode active material reductant 31 Fuel cell 32, 42, 52 Cathode terminal 33, 43 , 53 Negative terminal 34 Load 35 Switch 351 Regulator 36 Load current detector 37 Fuel cell control device 41 Solar cell 47, 57 Control unit 51 Commercial power supply 54 Rectifier circuit
A positive electrode current collector for oxidizing and reducing the positive electrode active material;
A negative electrode current collector for oxidizing and reducing the negative electrode active material;
An ion conductive separator that separates at least the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material,
At least one of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material is an organic compound excluding a metal complex and a radical compound,
The organic compound is reversibly oxidized and reduced in a liquid state in which a supporting salt coexists.
A container for housing at least one of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector, and the organic compound;
A supply unit for supplying the organic compound from the outside of the container,
Either the positive electrode current collector or the negative electrode current collector housed in the container oxidizes and reduces the organic compound,
The organic compound has a π electron conjugated cloud,
The organic compound has a structure represented by any one of general formula (1), general formula (2), general formula (3), general formula (4), and general formula (5).
X is a nitrogen atom or carbon atom, R 1 to R 4 are each an independent chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, amino group, Nitro group or nitroso group, R 5 and R 6 are each an independent chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, and the aliphatic group includes an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur It contains at least one selected from the group consisting of atoms, silicon atoms, phosphorus atoms, boron atoms and halogen atoms.
X is a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, R 1 to R 4 are each an independent chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, a cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, Nitro group or nitroso group, R 5 and R 6 are each an independent chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, and the aliphatic group includes an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur It contains at least one selected from the group consisting of atoms, silicon atoms, phosphorus atoms, boron atoms and halogen atoms.
R 1 and R 2 are each independently a chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, a cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, X is a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a carbon atom, or a tellurium atom, The aliphatic group includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom, and a halogen atom.
X is a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a chain-like saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, or a cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, and the oxygen atom is bonded to the para- or ortho-position of the six-membered ring. ing.
X is a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, or a cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group.
The organic compound is an organic compound having a thiol group in the molecule.
A secondary battery according to claim 1;
And a power supply system that supplies power to the secondary battery.
The power source includes at least one of a fuel cell, a solar cell, and a commercial power source.
The power supply system according to claim 6.
A method of using the power supply system according to claim 6,
A first step of supplying insufficient power from the secondary battery to the load when a load that consumes power of the power supply system exceeds a power supply capability of the power supply;
A second step of charging the secondary battery so that the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is maintained at a predetermined capacity after the power source can supply power corresponding to the load.
How to use the power system.
Supplying only the power of the secondary battery to the load in the first step;
A method for using the power supply system according to claim 8.
When the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is equal to or greater than a predetermined remaining capacity, the battery further comprises a third step of discharging the secondary battery and maintaining the remaining capacity of the secondary battery at a predetermined capacity.
It is a usage method of the power supply system of Claim 6, Comprising:
A first step in which the power supply supplies power to a load that consumes power of the power supply system;
A second step of charging the secondary battery with surplus power of the power source when the load is less than the power supply capacity of the power source,
A method for using the power supply system according to claim 11.
JP2007518994A 2005-05-31 2006-05-30 Secondary battery, power supply system using the same, and method of using the power supply system Active JP5050847B2 (en)
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JP2007518994A JP5050847B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2006-05-30 Secondary battery, power supply system using the same, and method of using the power supply system
PCT/JP2006/310728 WO2006129635A1 (en) 2005-05-31 2006-05-30 Secondary battery, power supply system using same and usage of power supply system
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JP2007518994A Active JP5050847B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2006-05-30 Secondary battery, power supply system using the same, and method of using the power supply system
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