Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP6616077B2/en
Timestamp: 2020-08-07 03:47:57
Document Index: 668697628

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 6', 'art 7', 'art 8', 'art 9', 'art 10', 'art 11']

JP6616077B2 - Measuring device and 3D camera - Google Patents
Measuring device and 3D camera Download PDF
JP6616077B2
JP6616077B2 JP2015027482A JP2015027482A JP6616077B2 JP 6616077 B2 JP6616077 B2 JP 6616077B2 JP 2015027482 A JP2015027482 A JP 2015027482A JP 2015027482 A JP2015027482 A JP 2015027482A JP 6616077 B2 JP6616077 B2 JP 6616077B2
JP2015027482A
JP2016151422A (en
2015-02-16 Application filed by 株式会社トプコン filed Critical 株式会社トプコン
2015-02-16 Priority to JP2015027482A priority Critical patent/JP6616077B2/en
2016-08-22 Publication of JP2016151422A publication Critical patent/JP2016151422A/en
2019-12-04 Publication of JP6616077B2 publication Critical patent/JP6616077B2/en
239000005304 optical glasses Substances 0.000 claims description 4
The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus that can easily acquire point cloud data and a three-dimensional camera that can acquire an image with three-dimensional data together with an image.
There is a laser scanner as a measuring device capable of acquiring point cloud data. In the laser scanner, the distance measuring light emitted is vertically and horizontally transmitted by a deflection mirror that can rotate in the vertical direction and a deflection mirror that can rotate in the horizontal direction. To obtain point cloud data.
Such a laser scanner has a complicated structure and is expensive. In addition, there is a measurement apparatus that includes an image acquisition device together with a laser scanner, and that can acquire an image together with acquisition of point cloud data and acquire an image with three-dimensional data. However, such a measuring device is also complicated in structure, large in size, and expensive.
In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a simple and inexpensive measuring apparatus capable of acquiring point cloud data, and also provides a simple and inexpensive three-dimensional camera capable of acquiring an image with three-dimensional data. Is.
The present invention provides a light emitting element that emits distance measuring light, a distance measuring light emitting unit that emits distance measuring light, a light receiving unit that receives reflected distance measuring light, and a reflected distance measuring light to generate a light reception signal. A light-receiving element; and a distance measuring unit that measures a distance based on a light reception result from the light-receiving element. The first optical axis deflecting unit deflecting in the required direction and the second light disposed on the light receiving optical axis and deflecting the reflected distance measuring light with the same declination and direction as the first optical axis deflecting unit. An axis deflection unit, and an emission direction detection unit for detecting a deflection angle and a deflection direction by the first optical axis deflection unit, and the ranging light is emitted through the first optical axis deflection unit, and the reflection measurement is performed. The distance light is configured to be received by the light receiving element through the second optical axis deflection unit, and is based on the distance measurement result of the distance measurement unit and the detection result of the emission direction detection unit. Those of the measuring apparatus for acquiring 3-dimensional data of the measuring points.
In the invention, it is preferable that the distance measuring light emitting unit has an emitting optical axis deflecting unit that matches the emitting optical axis with the light receiving optical axis, and the first optical axis deflecting unit corresponds to the second optical axis deflecting unit. The distance measuring light is provided at a central portion, and the distance measuring light is deflected by the exit optical axis deflecting unit and is emitted through the first optical axis deflecting unit.
According to the invention, the first optical axis deflecting unit includes a pair of overlapping first optical prisms, and the second optical axis deflecting unit overlaps the first optical prism. Each of the first optical prisms can be independently rotated, and each of the second optical prisms can be independently rotated, and one of the first optical prisms and the second optical prism can be rotated. One of the optical prisms is configured to rotate synchronously, and the other of the first optical prism and the other of the second optical prism are configured to rotate synchronously. is there.
According to the present invention, the second optical axis deflecting unit includes a pair of overlapping optical prisms, and each optical prism is related to a measuring apparatus configured to rotate independently.
The present invention also relates to a measuring apparatus in which the optical prism constituting the second optical axis deflecting unit is a Fresnel prism.
The present invention further includes an arithmetic processing unit and an attitude detection device, which can detect an inclination angle and an inclination direction of the emission optical axis with respect to the horizontal, and the arithmetic processing unit includes the attitude detection device. The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus configured to correct the distance measurement result of the distance measuring unit based on the detection result.
The present invention also includes the measurement device, an arithmetic processing unit, and an imaging device having an imaging optical axis that is parallel to the emission optical axis and has a known relationship, and the arithmetic processing unit is acquired by the measurement device. The present invention relates to a three-dimensional camera configured to acquire an image with three-dimensional data by associating a distance measurement result with an image acquired by an imaging apparatus.
Furthermore, the present invention further includes an attitude detection device, the attitude detection device can detect an inclination angle and an inclination direction of the emission optical axis with respect to the horizontal, and the arithmetic processing unit outputs a detection result of the attitude detection device. The present invention relates to a three-dimensional camera configured to correct the distance measurement result of the distance measuring section based on the above.
According to the present invention, a light emitting element that emits distance measuring light, a distance measuring light emitting unit that emits distance measuring light, a light receiving unit that receives reflected distance measuring light, a reflected distance measuring light, and a light reception signal A light receiving element that generates light, and a distance measuring unit that performs distance measurement based on a light reception result from the light receiving element, and is disposed on an emission optical axis of the distance measuring light. A first optical axis deflector that deflects in a required direction with a declination, and a first optical axis deflector that is disposed on the light receiving optical axis and deflects reflected distance measuring light with the same declination and direction as the first optical axis deflector. A two-optical axis deflecting unit, and an emission direction detecting unit for detecting a deflection angle and a deflecting direction by the first optical axis deflecting unit, and the distance measuring light is emitted through the first optical axis deflecting unit, The reflected distance measuring light is configured to be received by the light receiving element through the second optical axis deflecting unit, and the distance measuring result of the distance measuring unit and the detection result of the emission direction detecting unit. Since acquiring the three-dimensional data of the measuring points based, it is possible to obtain three-dimensional data of the measuring point at an arbitrary position with a simple configuration.
According to the invention, the distance measuring light emitting unit has an emitting optical axis deflecting unit that matches the emitting optical axis with the light receiving optical axis, and the first optical axis deflecting unit deflects the second optical axis. The distance measuring light is deflected by the emission optical axis deflection unit and emitted through the first optical axis deflection unit, so that the first optical axis deflection unit and the second optical axis deflection are provided. The unit can be integrated and the structure can be simplified.
According to the invention, the first optical axis deflecting unit includes a pair of overlapping first optical prisms, and the second optical axis deflecting unit overlaps the first optical prism. Each of the first optical prisms can be independently rotated, each of the second optical prisms can be independently rotated, and one of the first optical prisms and the Since one of the second optical prisms is configured to rotate synchronously, and the other of the first optical prism and the other of the second optical prism are configured to rotate synchronously, With the configuration, the distance measuring light can be scanned in an arbitrary manner, and the point cloud data can be easily acquired.
According to the invention, the second optical axis deflecting unit is composed of a pair of overlapping optical prisms, and each optical prism is configured to rotate independently. The point cloud data can be easily acquired, and the drive system and the control system of the second optical axis deflecting unit can be simplified.
According to the invention, since the optical prism constituting the second optical axis deflecting unit is a Fresnel prism, the thickness of the optical prism can be reduced, and the size and weight can be reduced.
Further, according to the present invention, the apparatus further includes an arithmetic processing unit and an attitude detection device, the attitude detection device can detect an inclination angle and an inclination direction of the emission optical axis with respect to the horizontal, and the arithmetic processing unit Since the distance measurement result of the distance measuring unit is corrected based on the detection result of the detection device, even when measurement is performed with the measurement device being carried, measurement can be performed with high accuracy.
According to the invention, there is provided the measuring device, an arithmetic processing unit, and an imaging device having an imaging optical axis that is parallel to the emission optical axis and has a known relationship, and the arithmetic processing unit is the measuring device. Since the acquired distance measurement result and the image acquired by the imaging apparatus are associated with each other to acquire an image with three-dimensional data, the configuration can be simplified.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, the apparatus further comprises an attitude detection device, the attitude detection device can detect an inclination angle and an inclination direction of the emission optical axis with respect to the horizontal, and the arithmetic processing unit detects the attitude detection device. Since the distance measurement result of the distance measurement unit is corrected based on the result, it is possible to obtain a highly accurate image with three-dimensional data even when measurement and photographing are performed in a portable state. Demonstrate the effect.
It is the schematic of the three-dimensional camera which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is A arrow directional view of FIG. (A) (B) (C) is explanatory drawing which shows the effect | action of a 1st, 2nd optical-axis deflection | deviation part. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between an acquired image and a scanning locus. It is the schematic which shows the principal part of another Example.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention and a three-dimensional camera equipped with the measurement apparatus.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a measuring device, 2 is an imaging device, and 3 is a case for housing the measuring device 1 and the imaging device 2. The measuring device 1 and the imaging device 2 are integrated to form a three-dimensional camera 4. The case 3 may be installed on a tripod, or may be portable (handheld).
First, the measurement apparatus 1 will be described.
The measuring device 1 includes a ranging light emitting unit 5, a light receiving unit 6, a ranging unit 7, an arithmetic processing unit 8, an emitting direction detecting unit 9, a display unit 10, and an attitude detecting device 19.
The distance measuring light emitting unit 5 has an emission optical axis 11, a light emitting element such as a laser diode (LD) 12 is provided on the emission optical axis 11, and a light projection lens is further provided on the emission optical axis 11. 13 and a first optical axis deflecting unit 14 are provided.
Further, the first optical axis deflecting unit 14 will be described.
The exit optical axis 11 is provided with two first optical prisms 15 a and 15 b, and the first optical prisms 15 a and 15 b are arranged so as to be independently rotatable around the exit optical axis 11. Has been. As will be described later, the first optical prisms 15a and 15b control the direction of rotation, the amount of rotation, and the rotation speed of the first optical prisms 15a and 15b, thereby ranging light emitted from the light projecting lens 13. The optical axis is deflected in an arbitrary direction.
The material of the first optical prisms 15a and 15b is preferably optical glass, and the first optical prisms 15a and 15b are manufactured with high precision so as to have the same and known refractive index. Since the first optical prisms 15a and 15b are manufactured with high accuracy, the light beam can be deflected in a predetermined direction without diffusing the distance measuring light, and further, the occurrence of distortion of the light beam cross section can be prevented and the accuracy is high. Distance measurement is possible, and long distance measurement is possible.
The outer shape of each of the first optical prisms 15a and 15b is a circle centered on the emission optical axis 11, and a first ring gear 16a is fitted on the outer periphery of the first optical prism 15a. A first ring gear 16b is fitted on the outer periphery of the optical prism 15b.
A first drive gear 17a meshes with the first ring gear 16a. The first drive gear 17a is fixed to the output shaft of the first motor 18a. Similarly, a first drive gear 17b meshes with the first ring gear 16b, and the first drive gear 17b is fixed to the output shaft of the first motor 18b. The first motors 18 a and 18 b are electrically connected to the arithmetic processing unit 8.
As the first motors 18a and 18b, a motor capable of detecting a rotation angle, or a motor rotating according to a drive input value, for example, a pulse motor is used. Or you may detect the rotation amount of a motor using the rotation detector which detects the rotation amount of a motor, for example, an encoder.
The injection direction detector 9 detects the rotation angle of the first motors 18a and 18b by counting the driving pulses input to the first motors 18a and 18b, or based on the signal from the encoder, The rotation angles of the motors 18a and 18b are detected. Further, the emission direction detector 9 calculates the rotational positions of the first optical prisms 15a and 15b based on the rotational angles of the first motors 18a and 18b, and calculates the refractive index of the first optical prisms 15a and 15b. The declination angle and emission direction of the distance measuring light are calculated based on the rotation position, and the calculation result is input to the calculation processing unit 8.
In FIG. 1, the first drive gear 17a and the first motor 18a are shown above the first ring gear 16a. However, in actuality, the positions do not interfere with the visual field of the imaging device 2 described later, for example, FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the first drive gears 17a and 17b are provided on the sides of the first ring gears 16a and 16b.
The projection lens 13, the first optical prisms 15a and 15b, and the like constitute an emission optical system 20.
The light receiving unit 6 will be described. The light receiving unit 6 receives reflected distance measuring light from the object. The light receiving unit 6 has a light receiving optical axis 21, and the light receiving optical axis 21 is parallel to the emission optical axis 11.
A light receiving element 22, such as a photodiode (PD), is provided on the light receiving optical axis 21, and the light receiving element 22 receives reflected distance measuring light and generates a light receiving signal. Further, a light receiving lens 23 and a second optical axis deflecting unit 24 are disposed on the objective side of the light receiving optical axis 21.
The second optical axis deflecting unit 24 includes a pair of second optical prisms 25a and 25b that are overlapped on the light receiving optical axis 21 and arranged in parallel. As the second optical prisms 25a and 25b, Fresnel prisms are preferably used in order to reduce the size of the apparatus.
The Fresnel prism used as the second optical prisms 25a and 25b includes a plurality of prism elements 26 formed in parallel and has a plate shape. Each prism element 26 has the same optical characteristics, and each prism element 26 has the same refractive index and declination as the first optical prisms 15a and 15b.
The Fresnel prism may be manufactured from optical glass, but may be molded from an optical plastic material. An inexpensive Fresnel prism can be manufactured by molding with an optical plastic material.
The second optical prisms 25a and 25b are arranged individually rotatable around the light receiving optical axis 21, respectively. The second optical prisms 25a and 25b, like the first optical prisms 15a and 15b, control the rotation direction, the rotation amount, and the rotation speed of the second optical prisms 25a and 25b, thereby allowing incident reflection ranging. The optical axis of light is deflected in an arbitrary direction.
The outer shape of each of the second optical prisms 25a and 25b is a circle centered on the light receiving optical axis 21, and the second optical prism can be obtained so that a sufficient amount of light can be obtained in consideration of the spread of reflected distance measuring light. The diameters of 25a and 25b are larger than the diameters of the first optical prisms 15a and 15b.
A second ring gear 27a is fitted on the outer periphery of the second optical prism 25a, and a second ring gear 27b is fitted on the outer periphery of the second optical prism 25b.
A second drive gear 28a meshes with the second ring gear 27a, and the second drive gear 28a is fixed to the output shaft of the second motor 29a. A second drive gear 28b meshes with the second ring gear 27b, and the second drive gear 28b is fixed to the output shaft of the second motor 29b. The second motors 29 a and 29 b are electrically connected to the arithmetic processing unit 8.
As the second motors 29a and 29b, a motor that can detect a rotation angle, or a motor that rotates in accordance with a drive input value, for example, a pulse motor, is used, like the first motors 18a and 18b. Or you may detect the rotation amount of a motor using the rotation detector which detects the rotation amount (rotation angle) of a motor, for example, an encoder. The rotation amounts of the second motors 29a and 29b are detected, and the arithmetic processing unit 8 performs synchronous control with the first motors 18a and 18b.
The second drive gears 28a and 28b and the second motors 29a and 29b are provided at positions that do not interfere with the distance measuring light emitting unit 5, for example, below the second ring gears 27a and 27b.
The second optical prisms 25a and 25b, the light receiving lens 23, and the like constitute a light receiving optical system 30.
The distance measuring unit 7 controls the light emitting element 12 to emit a laser beam as distance measuring light. The reflected distance measuring light reflected from the measurement object enters through the second optical prisms 25 a and 25 b and the light receiving lens 23 and is received by the light receiving element 22. The light receiving element 22 sends a light reception signal to the distance measuring unit 7, and the distance measuring unit 7 measures the distance of a measurement point (a point irradiated with distance measuring light) based on the light reception signal from the light receiving element 22. Do.
The arithmetic processing unit 8 includes an input / output control unit, a computing unit (CPU), a storage unit, and the like. The storage unit includes a ranging program for controlling a ranging operation, the first motors 18a and 18b, the first unit. 2 A control program for controlling the driving of the motors 29a and 29b, a program such as an image display program for displaying image data, distance measurement data, etc. on the display unit 10 are stored, and the distance measurement data, Measurement results such as image data are stored.
The posture detection device 19 detects the posture (tilt angle, tilt direction) of the three-dimensional camera 4 with respect to the horizontal. The detection result is input to the arithmetic processing unit 8.
The imaging device 2 includes a wide-angle camera 35 and a narrow-angle camera 36, and the wide-angle camera 35 has a wide angle of view, for example, 30 °, and the narrow-angle camera 36 has a narrower angle of view than the wide-angle camera 35. For example, 5 °. The angle of view of the narrow-angle camera 36 is preferably equal to or slightly larger than a point cloud data acquisition range (described later) by the distance measuring light emitting unit 5.
The imaging elements of the wide-angle camera 35 and the narrow-angle camera 36 are CCD and CMOS sensors that are aggregates of pixels, and the position of each pixel on the image element can be specified. For example, the position of each pixel is specified in a coordinate system with the optical axis of each camera as the origin.
The optical axis of the wide-angle camera 35 and the optical axis of the narrow-angle camera 36 are both parallel to the emission optical axis 11, and further the optical axis of the wide-angle camera 35, the optical axis of the narrow-angle camera 36, and the emission optical axis. 11 has a known relationship.
First, the measurement operation by the measurement apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B). In FIG. 3A, the second optical prisms 25a and 25b are shown as single prisms for the sake of simplicity. In addition, the first optical prisms 15a and 15b and the second optical prisms 25a and 25b shown in FIG. The minimum declination is the position where either one of the first optical prisms 15a, 15b or one of the second optical prisms 25a, 25b is rotated by 180 °. The optical axis of the emitted laser beam is parallel to the emission optical axis 11.
Ranging light is emitted from the light emitting element 12, and the ranging light is converted into a parallel light beam by the light projecting lens 13 and measured through the first optical axis deflecting unit 14 (the first optical prisms 15 a and 15 b). It is ejected toward the object or measurement object area. Here, by passing through the first optical axis deflecting unit 14, the distance measuring light is deflected and emitted in a required direction by the first optical prisms 15a and 15b.
The reflected distance measuring light reflected from the measurement object or the measurement object area is incident through the second optical axis deflecting unit 24 and is collected on the light receiving element 22 by the light receiving lens 23.
When the reflected distance measuring light passes through the second optical axis deflecting unit 24, the optical axis of the reflected distance measuring light is deflected by the second optical prisms 25a and 25b so as to coincide with the light receiving optical axis 21. (FIG. 3A).
That is, the rotational positions of the first optical prisms 15a and 15b and the second optical prisms 25a and 25b so that the first optical axis deflecting unit 14 and the second optical axis deflecting unit 24 always have the same declination. The rotation direction and rotation speed are controlled synchronously.
Specifically, the first motor 18a and the second motor 29a are synchronously controlled by the arithmetic processing unit 8 so that the first optical prism 15a and the second optical prism 25a are always deflected in the same direction. Furthermore, the first motor 18b and the second motor 29b are synchronously controlled by the arithmetic processing unit 8 so that the first optical prism 15b and the second optical prism 25b are always deflected in the same direction. .
Further, the combination of the rotational positions of the first optical prism 15a and the first optical prism 15b can arbitrarily deflect the deflection direction and the deflection angle of the emitted distance measuring light.
Further, in a state where the positional relationship between the first optical prism 15a and the first optical prism 15b is fixed (in a state where the deflection angle obtained by the first optical prism 15a and the first optical prism 15b is fixed). By rotating the first optical prism 15a and the first optical prism 15b integrally, the trajectory drawn by the distance measuring light transmitted through the first optical axis deflecting unit 14 is centered on the emission optical axis 11. Yen.
Accordingly, if the first optical axis deflecting unit 14 is rotated while emitting a laser beam from the light emitting element 12, the distance measuring light can be scanned along a circular locus.
In this case as well, it goes without saying that the second optical axis deflecting unit 24 rotates in the same direction and at the same speed in synchronization with the first optical axis deflecting unit 14.
Next, FIG. 3B shows a case where the first optical prism 15a and the first optical prism 15b are relatively rotated. When the deflection direction of the optical axis deflected by the first optical prism 15a is defined as deflection A and the deflection direction of the optical axis deflected by the first optical prism 15b is defined as deflection B, the first optical prism 15a and 15b The deflection of the optical axis becomes the combined deflection C as the angle difference θ between the first optical prisms 15a and 15b.
Accordingly, if the first optical axis deflecting unit 14 is rotated once every time the angle difference θ is changed, the distance measuring light can be scanned linearly.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3C, if the first optical prism 15b is rotated at a rotation speed slower than the rotation speed of the first optical prism 15a, the angular difference θ is measured while gradually increasing. Since the distance light is rotated, the scanning track of the distance measurement light has a spiral shape.
Furthermore, by individually controlling the rotation direction and rotation speed of the first optical prism 15a and the first optical prism 15b, the scanning trajectory of the ranging light is emitted in the radial direction (radius) around the emission optical axis 11. Various scanning states can be obtained, such as horizontal scanning or vertical scanning.
As a measurement mode, the first optical axis deflecting unit 14 and the second optical axis deflecting unit 24 are fixed for each required declination, and the distance is measured at a specific measurement point. Can do. Further, by performing distance measurement while deflecting the deflection angles of the first optical axis deflecting unit 14 and the second optical axis deflecting unit 24, that is, by performing distance measurement while scanning distance measuring light. Point cloud data can be acquired.
Further, the emission direction angle of each distance measuring light can be detected by the rotation angle of the first motors 18a and 18b, and three-dimensional point cloud data can be acquired by associating the emission direction angle with the distance measurement data. it can.
Next, it is also possible to acquire image data as well as three-dimensional data.
As described above, the imaging device 2 includes the wide-angle camera 35 and the narrow-angle camera 36.
The wide-angle camera 35 is mainly used for observation, and a wide-angle image acquired by the wide-angle camera 35 is displayed on the display unit 10.
The measurer searches for the measurement target from the image displayed on the display unit 10 or selects the measurement target.
When the measurement object is selected, the three-dimensional camera 4 is directed so that the measurement object is captured by the narrow-angle camera 36. The narrow-angle image acquired by the narrow-angle camera 36 is displayed on the display unit 10. As a display method, display of a wide-angle image by the wide-angle camera 35 and display of a narrow-angle image by the narrow-angle camera 36 may be switched, or the display unit 10 is divided and the narrow-angle camera 36 is divided into divided portions. A narrow-angle image may be displayed, or a window may be provided and displayed on the window.
Since the narrow-angle image acquired by the narrow-angle camera 36 matches or substantially matches the measurement range of the measuring device 1, the measurer can easily identify the measurement range visually.
Further, since the optical axis of the emission optical axis 11 and the optical axis of the narrow-angle camera 36 are parallel and both optical axes are in a known relationship, the arithmetic processing unit 8 can be used on a narrow-angle image obtained by the narrow-angle camera 36. The center of the image and the emission optical axis 11 can be made coincident. Further, the arithmetic processing unit 8 can identify the measurement point on the image based on the emission angle by detecting the emission angle of the distance measuring light. Accordingly, the three-dimensional data of the measurement points can be easily associated with the narrow-angle image, and the narrow-angle image acquired by the narrow-angle camera 36 can be used as an image with three-dimensional data.
4A and 4B show the relationship between the image acquired by the narrow-angle camera 36 and the point cloud data acquisition. Note that FIG. 4A shows a case where distance measuring light is scanned in a concentric multiple circle shape, and FIG. 4B shows a case where distance measuring light is reciprocally scanned linearly. . In the figure, reference numeral 37 denotes a scanning locus, and the measurement point is located on the scanning locus.
Furthermore, when performing measurement over a wide range, the wide-angle image acquired by the wide-angle camera 35 is set as a measurement range, and the narrow-angle image acquired by the narrow-angle camera 36 is inserted into the wide-angle image like a patchwork. Thus, the measurement can be executed without waste or without leaving an unmeasured portion.
In addition, the three-dimensional camera 4 of this embodiment includes the posture detection device 19.
The posture detection device 19 detects the posture of the three-dimensional camera 4 with respect to the horizontal, that is, the tilt angle and tilt direction of the exit optical axis 11. When the three-dimensional camera 4 is installed via a tripod, the three-dimensional camera 4 is installed horizontally based on the detection result of the posture detection device 19, and the three-dimensional camera 4 is measured in a horizontal state. Can be done. Accordingly, it is not necessary to perform a correction operation such as correcting the measurement value in consideration of the inclination of the three-dimensional camera 4.
When the three-dimensional camera 4 is used in a portable state (handheld state), the posture of the three-dimensional camera 4 at the time of measurement is detected by the posture detection device 19, and the inclination that the arithmetic processing unit 8 has detected is detected. By correcting the measurement value based on the angle and the inclination direction, measurement with high accuracy can be performed even in a state close to camera shake.
In the above embodiment, the second optical prisms 25a and 25b are Fresnel prisms. However, when there is a sufficient space, the second optical prisms 25a and 25b are each constituted by a single prism. May be.
In the other embodiment, the first optical axis deflection unit 14 and the second optical axis deflection unit 24 in the above-described embodiment are integrated as an optical axis deflection unit 40. In FIG. 5, the same components as those shown in FIG.
A first reflecting mirror 41 as a deflecting optical member is provided on the emission optical axis 11 of the distance measuring light emitting unit 5. Further, a second reflecting mirror 42 as a deflecting optical member is disposed on the light receiving optical axis 21 so as to face the first reflecting mirror 41. The first reflecting mirror 41 and the second reflecting mirror 42 are arranged such that the emission optical axis 11 deflected by the first reflecting mirror 41 and the second reflecting mirror 42 coincides with the light receiving optical axis 21 of the light receiving unit 6. In this way, the positional relationship is set. The first reflecting mirror 41 and the second reflecting mirror 42 constitute an exit optical axis deflecting unit.
The size of the second reflecting mirror 42 only needs to be large enough to reflect the distance measuring light, and since the beam diameter of the distance measuring light is small, the reflection blocked by the second reflecting mirror 42 is required. The light amount of the distance measuring light is small and does not affect the distance measuring.
The optical axis deflecting unit 40 includes circular combination optical prisms 43 a and 43 b disposed in parallel on the light receiving optical axis 21.
Since the combination optical prisms 43a and 43b have the same configuration, the combination optical prism 43a will be described below.
The combined optical prism 43a is composed of a second optical prism 25a and a first optical prism 15a.
The second optical prism 25a is a Fresnel prism in which a large number of prism elements 26 are formed, and the central portion of the Fresnel prism lacks the prism element 26 in a circular shape, and the central portion has the first optical prism. 15a is provided, and the second optical prism 25a and the first optical prism 15a are integrated. The orientations of the prism elements 26 of the first optical prism 15a and the second optical prism 25a are matched.
The first optical prism 15a and the second optical prism 25a may be made of an optical plastic material, and may be integrally formed by molding, or the second optical prism 25a is molded and the second optical prism 25a is molded. Alternatively, a prism (first optical prism 15a) made of optical glass may be attached.
The distance measuring light emitted from the light emitting element 12 is converted into a parallel light beam by the light projecting lens 13 and deflected so as to be irradiated along the light receiving optical axis 21 by the first reflecting mirror 41 and the second reflecting mirror 42. Is done.
As the distance measuring light passes through the central portions of the combined optical prisms 43a and 43b, that is, the first optical prisms 15a and 15b, the distance measuring light is deflected and emitted in a required direction and a required angle.
The reflected distance measuring light reflected by the measurement object passes through the second optical prisms 25a and 25b of the combined optical prisms 43a and 43b and is deflected so as to be parallel to the light receiving optical axis 21. The light is received by the light receiving element 22 and the distance is measured based on the light reception result of the light receiving element 22.
In the other embodiment, the first optical axis deflecting unit 14 is omitted, so that the structure is further simplified.
Further, the motors used in the deflecting unit need only be the second motors 29a and 29b, and the motor control can be simplified.
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily acquire point cloud data with a simple configuration, and when acquiring images simultaneously, the optical axis of the imaging device and the distance measuring optical axis coincide ( (Or parallel and known relationship), the image and the point cloud data can be easily associated with each other, and an image with three-dimensional data can be easily obtained.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Measuring apparatus 2 Imaging device 3 Case 4 Three-dimensional camera 5 Ranging light emission part 6 Light-receiving part 7 Ranging part 8 Arithmetic processing part 9 Ejection direction detection part 10 Display part 11 Emitted optical axis 12 Light emitting element 14 1st optical axis deflection | deviation Units 15a and 15b First optical prisms 18a and 18b First motor 19 Attitude detection device 20 Emission optical system 21 Receiving optical axis 22 Receiving element 24 Second optical axis deflecting units 25a and 25b Second optical prism 26 Prism elements 29a and 29b First 2 motors 30 light-receiving optical system 35 wide-angle camera 36 narrow-angle camera 40 optical axis deflection unit 41 first reflecting mirror 42 second reflecting mirror 43a, 43b combined optical prism
A light emitting element that emits distance measuring light, a distance measuring light emitting part that emits distance measuring light, a light receiving part that receives reflected distance measuring light, a light receiving element that receives reflected distance measuring light and generates a received light signal, A distance measuring unit that performs distance measurement based on a light reception result from the light receiving element, and is disposed on an emission optical axis of the distance measurement light. A first optical axis deflecting unit that deflects in the direction, and a second optical axis deflecting unit that is disposed on the light receiving optical axis and deflects the reflected distance measuring light at the same declination and direction as the first optical axis deflecting unit. , Further comprising an emission direction detection unit for detecting a deflection angle and a deflection direction by the first optical axis deflection unit,
The first optical axis deflecting unit is made of optical glass, and the second optical axis deflecting unit is molded by using an optical plastic material. The second optical axis deflecting unit is made of the first optical axis. Larger than the deflection part,
The ranging light is emitted through the first optical axis deflecting unit, and the reflected ranging light is received by the light receiving element through the second optical axis deflecting unit, and the ranging result of the ranging unit, 3. A measuring apparatus that acquires three-dimensional data of measurement points based on a detection result of the injection direction detection unit.
The distance measuring light emitting unit includes an exit optical axis deflecting unit that matches the exit optical axis with the light receiving optical axis, and the first optical axis deflecting unit is provided at a central portion of the second optical axis deflecting unit. The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distance measuring light is deflected by the emission optical axis deflection unit and emitted through the first optical axis deflection unit.
The first optical axis deflecting unit is composed of a pair of circular first optical prisms, and the second optical axis deflecting unit is composed of a pair of second optical prisms overlapping the first optical prism, Each of the first optical prisms is independently rotatable, each of the second optical prisms is independently rotatable, and one of the first optical prism and one of the second optical prisms The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first optical prism and the second optical prism are rotated in synchronization with each other.
The measuring apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the second optical axis deflecting unit includes a pair of overlapping optical prisms, and each optical prism is configured to rotate independently.
The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical prism constituting the second optical axis deflecting unit is a Fresnel prism.
An arithmetic processing unit and an attitude detection device are further provided, the attitude detection device can detect an inclination angle and an inclination direction of the emission optical axis with respect to the horizontal, and the arithmetic processing unit is based on a detection result of the attitude detection device. The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measuring apparatus is configured to correct a measurement value of the distance measuring unit.
A measurement apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, an arithmetic processing unit, and an imaging device having an imaging optical axis parallel to the emission optical axis and having a known relationship, wherein the arithmetic processing unit is A three-dimensional camera configured to acquire an image with three-dimensional data by associating a distance measurement result acquired by the measuring device with an image acquired by an imaging device.
An attitude detection device is further provided, the attitude detection device is capable of detecting an inclination angle and an inclination direction of the emission optical axis with respect to the horizontal, and the arithmetic processing unit is based on a detection result of the attitude detection device. The three-dimensional camera according to claim 7 configured to correct a measurement value.
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US15/019,360 US10088307B2 (en) 2015-02-16 2016-02-09 Surveying instrument and three-dimensional camera
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