Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US6285764?dq=7233890
Timestamp: 2017-02-28 02:01:10
Document Index: 399896199

Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 96915172', 'application No. 95', 'application No. 95', 'application No. 11', 'application No. 11', 'application No. 11']

Patent US6285764 - Optical disk, an optical disk barcode forming method, an optical disk ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsDisclosed is an optical disk barcode forming method wherein, as information to be barcoded, position information for piracy prevention, which is a form of ID, is coded as a barcode and is recorded by laser trimming on a reflective film in a PCA area of an optical disk. When playing back the thus manufactured...http://www.google.com/patents/US6285764?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6285764 - Optical disk, an optical disk barcode forming method, an optical disk reproduction apparatus, a marking forming apparatus, a method of forming a laser marking on an optical disk, and a method of manufacturing an optical diskAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6285764 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/679,233Publication dateSep 4, 2001Filing dateOct 4, 2000Priority dateOct 9, 1995Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN1154097C, CN1173942A, CN1200406C, CN1324592C, CN1379394A, CN1545088A, CN1547202A, CN100342443C, DE69610859D1, DE69610859T2, DE69610860D1, DE69610860T2, DE69610861D1, DE69610861T2, DE69611906D1, DE69611906T2, DE69614580D1, DE69614580T2, DE69615418D1, DE69615418T2, DE69617478D1, DE69617478T2, DE69618633D1, DE69618633T2, DE69624390D1, DE69624390T2, DE69626329D1, DE69626329T2, DE69631914D1, DE69631914T2, DE69633031D1, DE69633031T2, DE69633353D1, DE69633353T2, DE69637606D1, EP0807929A1, EP0807929A4, EP0807929B1, EP1003162A1, EP1003162B1, EP1005033A1, EP1005033B1, EP1005034A1, EP1005034B1, EP1005035A1, EP1005035B1, EP1006516A1, EP1006516B1, EP1006517A1, EP1006517B1, EP1028422A1, EP1028422B1, EP1028423A1, EP1028423B1, EP1030297A1, EP1030297B1, EP1031974A1, EP1031974B1, EP1251501A1, EP1251501B1, EP1251502A1, EP1251502B1, EP1465164A2, EP1465164A3, EP1465164B1, EP1659580A2, EP1659580A3, EP1659580B1, US6052465, US6122373, US6125181, US6128388, US6141419, US6160888, US6175629, US6208736, US6229896, US6278671, US6285762, US6285763, US6298138, US6449366, US6457128, US6470452, US6480960, US6552969, US6600706, US6618347, US6728882, US6757391, US6862685, US7095697, US7103781, US7110544, US7520001, US8014236, US8472291, US20020070282, US20020080961, US20020089920, US20020097871, US20030172286, US20040184394, US20060131407, US20090168619, US20110286315, WO1997014146A1Publication number09679233, 679233, US 6285764 B1, US 6285764B1, US-B1-6285764, US6285764 B1, US6285764B1InventorsYoshiho Gotoh, Mitsuaki Oshima, Shinichi Tanaka, Kenji Koishi, Mitsuro MoriyaOriginal AssigneeMatsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (52), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (4), Classifications (166), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetOptical disk, an optical disk barcode forming method, an optical disk reproduction apparatus, a marking forming apparatus, a method of forming a laser marking on an optical disk, and a method of manufacturing an optical disk
US 6285764 B1Abstract
a first recording area where main information is recorded, a second recording area where barcode-like marks each of which has a strip-like configuration in a radius direction and which are disposed in a circumferential direction, are recorded as a sub information, said second recording area being formed in a circumferential direction; wherein said first recording area contains at least a lead-in area from which data recording starts, and a control data area which represents a physical property of the optical disk; second recording area is disposed inside said control data area on said first recording area and said second recording area is overlapped with said lead-in area; said sub information is disposed at a radial position which lies closer to the disk center than the radial position of the control data area; there is a certain area in a circumferential direction where said barcode-like marks are not recorded within said second recording area; wherein an identifier which indicates whether or not the barcode-like marks are present within the second recording area is provided in the control data area. 2. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein a time period (t) of the width of the barcode-like marks in a circumferential direction has the following relation t>14T, provided that (T) indicates a period of a channel clock of the main information.
3. An optical disk according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a width of said barcode-like marks is half or less than the period of said barcode-like marks by recording on the second recording area such data which is obtained by RZ-modulating data which is obtained by PE-modulating said sub information.
4. An optical reproducing apparatus comprising:
reproducing means for reproducing the optical disk according to claim 3; RZ demodulation means for RZ-demodulating said sub information recorded on said second recording area; PE demodulation mans for PE-demodulating the RZ-demodulated data, another demodulation means for demodulating said main information by using other demodulating method than said PE-demodulating means. 5. An optical reproducing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein EFM demodulating means is used as the demodulation means for the main information.
6. An optical recording apparatus according to claim 4, wherein when said certain area where said barcode-like marks are not recorded is reproduced, address information is read out.
7. An optical recording apparatus according to claim 5, wherein when said certain area where said barcode-like marks are not recorded is reproduced, address information is read out.
This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/441,281 (pending) filed Nov. 16, 1999 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/649,411 filed May 16, 1996 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,052,465, Issued Apr. 18, 2000).
The 4th invention is an optical disk according to the first invention, wherein said barcode is formed in such a manner that two or more barcode signals cannot occur within one prescribed the slot.
The 5th invention is an optical disk according to the first invention, wherein said barcode contains data at least including ID z information uniquely given to said optical disk.
The 10th invention is an optical disk barcode forming method wherein pulsed laser light from a light source is made into ca rectangular beam pattern by using a rectangular mask and said rectangular beam pattern is focused on a reflective film in pre-pit signal region in a prescribed radius portion of an optical disk on which data is recorded, and at the same time, said optical disk is rotated, thereby forming a plurality of rectangular reflective-film-removed regions as a barcode in the same radius portion on said reflective film.
The 16th invention is an optical disk reproduction apparatus according to the 14th invention, wherein tracking control is, in effect, performed in said different recording area. The 17th invention is an optical disk reproduction apparatus according to the 16th invention, wherein a rotational speed is the rotational speed that would be achieved in said different recording area if said rotational phase control were applied.
FIG. 17 is Et diagram showing a comparison of low-reflectivity portion address tables for a legitimate disk and a duplicated disk;
FIG. 25 is c diagram showing a signal waveform and a trimming pattern in NRZ recording;
FIG. 37 is a diagram snowing a synchronization code and a laser emitting pulse signal waveform;
584. LOW-REFLECTIVITY PORTION, 586. LOW REFLECTIVITY LIGHT AMOUNT DETECTOR, 587. LIGHT AMOUNT LEVEL COMPARATOR, 588. LIGHT AMOUNT REFERENCE VALUE, 599. LOW REFLECTIVITY PORTION START/END POSITION DETECTOR, 600 LOW-REFLECTIVITY PORTION POSITION DETECTOR, 601. LOW-REFLECTIVITY PORTION ANGULAR POSITION SIGNAL OUTPUT SECTION, 602. LOW-REFLECTIVITY PORTION ANGULAR POSITION DETECTOR, 605. LOW-REFLECTIVITY PORTION START POINT, 606. LOW-REFLECTIVITY PORTION END POINT, 607. TIME DELAY CORRECTOR, 816. DISK MANUFACTURING PROCESS, 817. SECONDARY RECORDING PROCESS, 818. DISK MANUFACTURING PROCESS STEPS, 819. SECONDARY RECORDING PROCESS STEPS, 820. SOFTWARE PRODUCTION PROCESS STEPS, 830. ENCODING MEANS, 831. PUBLIC KEY ENCRYPTION, 833. FIRST SECRET KEY, 834. SECOND SECRET KEY, 835. COMBINING SECTION, 836. RECORDING CIRCUIT, 837. ERROR-CORRECTION ENCODER, 838. REED-SOLOMON ENCODER, 839. INTERLEAVER, 840. PULSE INTERVAL MODULATOR, 841. CLOCK SIGNAL GENERATOR, 908. ID GENERATOR, 909. INPUT SECTION, 910. RZ MODULATOR, 913. CLOCK SIGNAL GENERATOR, 915. MOTOR, 915. ROTATION SENSOR, 916. COLLIMATOR, 917. CYLINDRICAL LENS, 918. MASK, 919. CONVERGING LENS, 943.2. FIRST TIME SLOT, 921. SECOND TIME SLOT, 922. THIRD TIME SLOT, 923. STRIPE, 924. PULSE, 925. FIRST RECORDING REGION, 926. S ECO ND RECORDING REGION, 927. ECC ENCODER, 928. ED-CC DECODER, 929. LASER POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT, 930. STEPS (IN CAV PLAYBACK FLOWCHART), 931. BEAM DEFLECTOR, 932. SLIT, 933. STRIPE, 934. SUB-STRIPE, 935. DEFLECTION SIGNAL GENERATOR, 936. CONTROL DATA AREA, 937. STRIPE PRESENCE/ABSENCE IDENTIFIER, 938. ADDITIONAL STRIPE PSRETION, 939. ADDITIONAL STRIPE PRESENCE/ABSENCE IDENTIFIER, 940. STEPS (FOR STRIPE PRESENCE/ABSENCE IDENTIFIER PLAYBACK FLOWCHART), 941. OPTICAL MARKING (PINHOLE), 942. PE-RZ DEMODULATOR, 943. LPF, 944. ADDRESS AREA, 945. MAIN BEAM, 949. SUB-BEAM, 948. STRIPE REVERSE-SIDE RECORD IDENTIFIER, 949. STRIPE GAP PORTION, 950. SCANNING MEANS, 951. DATA ROW, 952. ECC ROW, 953. EDGE-SPACING DETECTING MEANS, 954. COMPARING MEANS, 951. MEMORY MEANS, 956. OSCILLATOR, 957. CONTROLLER, 958. MOTOR DRIVE CIRCUIT, 959. BARCODE READING MEANS, 963. MODE SWITCH, 964. HEAD MOVING MEANS, 965. FREQUENCY COMPARATOR, 966. OSCILLATOR, 967. FREQUENCY COMPARATOR, 968. OSCILLATOR, 969. MOTOR
Before proceeding to the description of the above (A) to (E), we will first describe a general process flow from disk manufacturing to the completion of an optical disk by using the flowchart, of FIG. 1.
First, the software company performs software authoring in software production process 820. The completed software is delivered from the software company to the disk manufacturing factory. In disk manufacturing process 816 at the disk manufacturing factory, the completed software is input in step 818 a, a master disk is produced (step 818 b). disks are pressed (steps 818 e, 818 g), reflective films are formed on the respective disks (steps 818 f, 818 h), the two disks are laminated together (step 818 i), and a ROM disk such as a DVD or CD is completed (step 818 m, etc.).
FIGS. 4 and 5 showed a disk generally known as a single-layer laminated disk which has a reflective layer only on one substrate 801. On the other hand, FIGS. 6 and 7 show a disk generally known as a two-layer laminated disk which has reflective layers on both substrates 801 and 803. For laser trimming, the processing steps (5) and (6) are fundamentally the came for both types of disks, except with significant differences which are briefly described below. First, while the single-layer disk uses a reflective layer formed from an aluminum film having reflectivity as high as 70% or over, in the two-layer disk the reflective layer 801 formed on the reading-side substrate 801 is a semitransparent gold (Au) film having a reflectivity of 30%, while the reflective layer 802 formed on the print-side substrate 803 is the same as that used in the single-layer disk. Second, as compared with the single-layer disk, the two-layer disk is required to nave high optical accuracy; for example, the adhesive layer 804 must be optically transparent and be uniform in thickness, and the optical transparency must not be lost due to laser trimming.
(c) A comparison between single-plate disk and laminated disk has been described above, using a two-layer laminated disk as an example. As is apparent from the above description, the same effect as obtained with the two-layer laminated disk can be obtained with the single-layer laminated disk. Using FIGS. 12(a), 12(b), etc., a further description will be given dealing with the single-layer laminated disk type. As shown in FIG. 12(a), the reflective layer 802 has the transparent substrate 801 of polycarbonate on one side, and the hardened adhesive layer 804 and a substrate on the other side, the reflective layer 802 thus being hermetically sealed therebetween. In this condition, pulsed laser light is focused thereon for heating; in the case of our experiment, heat of 5 μJ/pulse is applied to a circular spot of 10 to 20 μm diameter on the reflective layer 802 for a short period of 70 ns. As a result, the temperature instantly rises to 600° C., the melting point, melting state is caused. By heat transfer, a small portion of the transparent substrate 801 near the spot is melted, and also a portion of the adhesive layer 804 is melted. The molted aluminum in this state is caused by surface tension to build up along boundaries 821 a and 821 b, with tension being applied to both sidles, thus forming buildups 822 a and 822 b of hardened aluminum, as shown in FIG. 12(b). The nonreflective portion 584 free from aluminum residues is thus formed. This shows that a clearly defined nonreflective portion 584 can be obtained by laser-trimming the laminated disk as shown in FIGS. 10(a) and 12(a). Exposure of the reflective layer to the outside environment due to a damaged protective layer, which was the case with the single-plate type, was not observed even when the laser power was increased more than 10 times the optimum value. After the laser trimming, the nonreflective layer 584 has the structure shown in FIG. 12(b) where it is sandwiched between the two transparent substrates 801, 803 and sealed with the adhesive layer 804 against the outside environment, thus producing the effect of protecting the structure from environmental effects.
FIG. 9(a) is a diagram showing the waveform of a playback signal from a PCA area, described later, containing the nonreflective portion 584 formed by laser light. FIG. 9(b)) is a diagram showing the waveform of FIG. 9(a) but with a different time axis.
In the reproduction apparatus, the optical disk is loaded in step 735 m, and the ciphertext C is decrypted in step 698. More specifically, the ciphertext C is recovered in step 698 e, and public keys, e and n, are set in step 698 f; then in step b, to decrypt the ciphertext C, the ciphertext C is raised to e-th power and the mod n of the result is calculated to obtain plaintext M. The plaintext M is the compressed position information H. An error check may be performed in step 698 g. If no errors, it is decided teat no alterations have been made to the position information, and the process proceeds to the disk check routine 735 w shown in FIG. 18 B. If an error is detected, it is decided that the data is not legitimate one, and the operation is stopped.
We finish here the description of the first-half part (I), and now proceed to the description of the second-half past (II). This part focuses particularly on techniques, including a barcode formation method, used when barcoding tine above marking position information (ID information) as a disk-unique ID.
This means that a barcode cannot be recorded on the optical disk at a software company or a dealer that does not have the necessary equipment, The problem expected here is that the application of barcode recording is greatly limited.
FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the configuration of the barcode recording apparatus for implementing an optical disk barcode forming method in one embodiment of the present invention. In the above mentioned embodiment, data to be barcoded is the data of encrypted version of marking position information. But the data to be barcode is not restricted to the above embodement. It may include, for example, input data and an ID number issued from an ID generator 908, as shown in FIG. 23, or Many other kind of data.
The present invention uses RZ recording, as shown in FIG. 24. In this RZ recording, one unit time is divided 51 into a plurality of time slots, for example, a first time slot 920 a, a second time slot 921, a third time slot 922, and so on. When data is “00”, for example, a signal 924 a of a duration shorter than the period of the time slot, that is, the period T of a channel clock, is recorded in the first time slot 920 a, as shown in part (1) in FIG. 26. The pulse 924 a whose duration is shorter than the period T of the recording clock is output between t=T1 and t=T2. In this case, using a rotation pulse from the rotation sensor 915 a on the motor 915, the clock signal generator 913 generates a modulation clock pulse as shown in part (1) of FIG. 24; by performing the recording in synchronism with the clock pulse, the effects of rotational variation of the motor can be eliminated. In this way, as shown in part (2) of FIG. 24, a stripe 923 a indicating “00” is recorded on the disk within a recording region 925 a, the first of the four recording regions shown, and a circular barcode such as shown in part (1) of FIG. 27 is formed.
In the conventional NRZ recording, the pulse widths are 1T and 2T, as shown in parts (1) and (3) of FIG. 25; it is therefore apparent that NRZ recording is not suitable for 53 the laser trimmings of the present invention. According to the laser trimmings of the present invention, a barcode is formed as shown in the experiment result shown in FIG. 8(a), but since trimming line width differs from disk to disk, it is difficult to precisely control the line width; when trimming the reflective film on a disk, the trimming line width varies depending on variations in laser output, thickness and material of the reflective film, and thermal conductivity and thickness of the substrate. Further, forming slots of different line widths on the same disk will result in an increased complexity of the recording apparatus. For example, in the case of the NZR recording used for product barcode recording, as shown in parts (1) and (2) of FIG. 25, the trimming line width must be made to precisely coincide with the period 1T of the clock signal, or 2T or 3T, that is, with nT. It is particularly difficult to record various line widths such as 2T and 3T by varying the line width for each bar (each stripe). Since the conventional product barcode format is an NRZ format, if this format is applied to the laser-recorded barcode of the present invention, the fabrication yield will decrease because it is difficult to precisely record varying line widths such as 2T and 2T on the same disk; furthermore, stable recording cannot be done since the laser trimming width varies. This makes demodulation difficult. Using RZ recording, the present invention has the effect of achieving stable digital recording even if the laser trimming width varies. Further, the invention offers the effect of simplifying the construction of the recording apparatus since RZ recordings requires only one kind of line width and the laser power therefore need not be modulated.
FIG. 26 shows signals and an arrangement of stripes when the RZ recording shown in FIG. 24 is PE-modulated. As shown, data “0” is recorded in the left-hand time slot 920 a of the two time slots 920 a and 921 a; on the other hand, data 1 is recorded in the right-hand time slot 921 a, as shown in part (3) of FIG. 26. On the disk, data “0” is recorded as a stripe 923 a in the left-hand recording region 925 a and data “1” as a stripe 923 b in the right-hand recording region 926 b, as shown in parts (2) and (4) of FIG. 26, respectively. Thus, for data “010”, a pulse 924 c is output in the left-hand time slot for “0”, a pulse 924 d is output in the right-hand time slot for “1”, and a pulse 924 e is output in the left-hand time slot for “0”, as shown in part (5) of FIG. 26; on the disk, the first stripe is formed in the left-hand position, the second stripe in the right-hand position, and the third stripe in the left-hand position, by laser trimming. FIG. 26(5) shows signals modulated with data “010”. As can be seen, a signal is always available for every channel bit. That is, since the signal density is constant, the DC component does not vary. Since the DC component does not vary, PE modulation is resistant to variation in low-frequency components even if a pulse edge is detected during playback. This has the effect of simplifying playback demodulator circuitry of the disk playback apparatus. Furthermore, since one signal 923 is always available for every channel clock 2T, this has the effect of being able to reproduce a synchronization clock for a channel clock without using a PLL.
In the present invention, the stripes 923 are recorded with CAV, superimposed on a pre-pit signal in a lead-in data area holding an address which is recorded with CLV. That is, the data is overwritten with the stripes. In the present invention, the pre-pit signal area maps into all the data areas where pits are formed. The prescribed region of the pre-pit signal area, as mentioned in the present invention, corresponds to an inner portion of the optical disk; this region is also called a post-cutting area (PCA). In this PCA area, the barcode is recorded with CAV, superimposed on pre-bit signals. In this way, the CLV data is recorded with a pit pattern from the master disk, while the CAV data is recorded with laser-removed portions of the reflective film. Since the barcode data is written in overwriting fashion, pits are recorded between the barcode stripes 1T, 2T, and 3T. Using this pit information, optical head tracking is accomplished, and Tmax or Tmin of the pit information can be detected; therefore, motor rotational speed is controlled by detecting this signal. To detect Tmin, the relation between the trimming width t of stripe 923 a and the pit clock T (pit) should be t>14T (pit), as shown in FIG. 30, to achieve the above effect. If t is shorter than 14T, the pulse width of the signal from the stripe 923 a becomes equal to the pulse width of the pit signal, and discrimination between them is not possible, so that the signal from the stripe 923 a cannot be demodulated. To enable pit address information to be read at the same radius position a, the stripes, an address area 944 is provided longer than a unit of one address of pit information, as shown in FIG. 32; address information can thus be obtained, making it possible to jump to the desired track. Furthermore, the ratio of the stripe area to the non-stripe area, that is, the duty ratio, is made less than 50%, i.e., T(S)<T(NS); since the effective reflectivity decreases only by 6 dB, this has the effect of ensuring stable focusing of the optical head.
At the same time that the optical head is moved to the inner portion of the disk in steps 930 b and 930 c in FIG. 31, the mode switch 963 shows in FIG. 43 is switched to A. Alternatively, the mode switch 963 may be switched to A when it is detected by a pickup (PU) position sensor 962, etc. that the optical head being moved by a moving means 964 has reached the inner portion of the disk.
In the rotation phase control mode, PLL control is applied to the pit signal from the optical head by a clock extracting means 960. The frequency f1 of a first oscillator 966 and the frequency fS of a reproduced synchronization signal are compared in a first frequency comparator 965, and a difference signal is fed to the motor drive circuit 958. The rotation phase control mode is thus entered. Because of PLL phase control by the pit signal, data synchronized to the synchronization signal of fl is played back. If the optical head were moved to the barcode stripe area by rotation phase control, without switching between rotational phase control for the motor and rotational speed control for the motor, phase control could not be performed because of the presence of the stripes, and trouble would occur, such as, the motor-running out of control or stopping, an error condition occurring, etc. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 43, switching to the appropriate control mode not only ensures stable playback of the barcode but has the effect of avoiding troubles relating to motor rotation.
More specifically, the first playback method is a method for playing back an optical disk on which a stripe presence/absence identifier 937 is not defined. Since tracking is not applied in the stripe area on an optical disk of this type, it takes tire to distinguish between a stripe pattern legally formed on the disk and an irregular pattern caused by scratches on the disk surface. Therefore, regardless of whether the stripes are recorded or not, the playback procedure has to perform a stripe reading operation first, to check the presence or absence of stripes or whether the stripes are recorded in the inner portion of the optical disk. This may cause a problem in that an extra time is required before the data can be actually played back. The second playback method improves on this point.
Further, as shown in FIG. 30, the control data also contains an additional stripe data presence/absence identifier and a stripe recording capacity. That is, after recording first stripes on an optical disk, additional stripes can be recorded in an empty, unrecorded portion of the area. The first recorded stripes will be referred to as the first set of stripes, and the additionally recorded stripes as the second set of stripes. With this configuration, when the first set of stripes 923 is already recorded by trimming, as shown in FIG. 30, the capacity of the available space for trimming the second set of stripes 938 can be calculated. Accordingly, when the recording apparatus of FIG. 23 performs trimming to record the second set of stripes, the control data provides an indication of how much space is available for additional recording; this prevents the possibility of destroying the first set of stripes by recording more than 360° over the area. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 30, a gap 949 longer than ore pit-signal frame length is provided between the first set of stripes 923 and the second set of stripes 938; this serves to prevent the previously recorded trimming data from being destroyed.
When a disk is inserted, the optical head is moved to the inner circumferential portion in step 947 a. If no tracking is achieved in step 947 n, the tracking mode is switched from phase control to push-pull mode in step 947 p. In step 947 b, rotational speed control (CAV control) is performed to play back address information. If an address cannot be played back in step 947 c, the process proceeds to step 947 i to move the optical head inward to play back the PCA stripes. If an address can be played back from an empty portion of the PCA area (a portion not overwritten), the process proceeds to step 947 e where, based on the address, the optical head is moved in a radial direction to the address area where stripes are recorded. In step 947 q, the presence or absence of PCA stripes is checked. If it is judged that there are no PCA stripes, the process proceeds to step 947 r to try to read a PCA flag in the control data. Then, in step 947 s, the presence or absence of the PCA flag is checked. If the presence of the PCA flag is detected, the process returns to step 947 c; otherwise, the process jumps to step 947 m. On the other hand, if it is judged in step 947 q that there are PCA stripes, the process proceeds to step 947 f to play back the PCA stripes. When the playback is completed step 947 g, then the mode is switched to rotation phase control and the optical head is moved to the outer area to play back a pit signal. In step 947 t, the PCA flag in the control data is read; if there is no PCA flag, an error message is issued in step 947 k, and the process returns to 947 m to continue the process.
First, to achieve the switch recording of FIG. 29, provisions must be made so that two or more pulses will not occur within one time slot, that is, within 1T interval. Switch recording is possible in the data area because data is recorded there with a PE-RZ code, as shown in FIG. 33(a). However, in the case of the synchronization code of FIG. 34(a), since irregular channel bits are arranged, with the usual method two pulses may occur within 1T, in which case the switch recording of the invention is not possible. To address this problem, the invention employs, for example, the bit pattern “01000110” as shown in FIG. 37. With this bit pattern, in Ti a pulse occurs for the “1” on the right, in T2 no pulses occur, in T3 a pulse occurs for the “1” on the right, and in T4 a pulse occurs for the “1” on the left; in this way, two or more pulses cannot occur within one time slot. Thus, the synchronization code structure of the invention has the effect of achieving switch recording, increasing the production rate by a factor of 2.
As shown in FIG. 33(b) and FIG. 14(a), for example, in the data structure when n=1, there are only four data rows 951 a, 951 b, 951 c, and 951 d, followed by ECC rows 952 a, 952 b, 952 c, and 952 d. FIG. 14(a) is a diagram showing FIG. 33(b) in further detail. The data row 951 constitutes EDC of 4B. FIG. 14(b) shows this in an equivalent form. Error-correction encoding computation is performed, assuming that data rows from 951 e to 951 z all contain 0s. Mathematical equations for EDC and ECC computations are shown in FIGS. 14(c) and 14(d), respectively. In this way, the data is ECC-encoded by the ECC encoder 927 in the recording apparatus of FIG. 1 and recorded as a barcode on the disk. When n=1, data of 12B is recorded over an angle of 51 degrees on the disk. Likewise, when n=2, data of 18B can be recorded; when n=12, data of 271B can be recorded over an angle of 336 degrees on the disk. In the present invention, by encoding and decoding the data using the EDC and ECC computation equations shown in FIGS. 14(c) and 14(d), when the data amount is smaller than 188B, the computation is performed assuming all remaining bits are 0s, so that the data is stored with a small recording capacity. This serves to shorten the productive tact. When performing laser trimming, as in the present invention, the above-described scalability has a significant meaning. More specifically, when performing laser trimming at a factory, it is important to shorten the productive tact. With a slow-speed apparatus which trims one stripe at a time, it will take more than 10 seconds to record a few thousand stripes to the full capacity. The time required for disk production is 4 seconds per disk; if full-capacity recording has to be done, the productive tact increases. On the other hand, for the moment, disk ID number will be a main application area of the present invention; in this application, the PCA area capacity can be as low as 10B. If 271B are recorded wizen only 10B need to be written, the laser processing time will increase by a factor of 6, leading to a production cost increase. The scalability method of the present invention achieves reductions in production cost and time.
(b) A first method of achieving mass production of pirated disks by removing the reflective film may be by laser trimming using a high output laser such as a YAG later. At the present state of technology, even the most highly accurate machining laser trimming can only achieve a processing accuracy of a few microns. In the laser trimming for semiconductor mask corrections, it is said that 1 μm is the limit of the processing accuracy. This means that it is difficult to achieve a processing accuracy of 0.1 μm at the mass production level.
Frame synch 604 in FIG. 16(7) corresponds to that shown in FIGS. 20(4) and 21(4). Starting clock number 606 a in FIG. 16(8) corresponds to reproduced channel clock number in FIG. 20(6). Instead of the end clock number 606 in FIG. 16(7), in FIGS. 20(7) and 21(7) data is compressed using a 6-bit marking length.
In the case of CLV, the above method exploits the fact that the address coordinate arrangement differs from one master disk to another, as previously noted. FIG. 48 shows the result of the measurement of address locations on actual CDs. Generally, there are two types of master disk, one recorded by rotating a motor at a constant rotational speed, i.e., with a constant angular velocity (CAV), and the other recorded by rotating a disk with a constant linear velocity (CLV). In the case of a CAV disk, since a logical address is located on a predetermined angular position on the disk, the logical address and it s physical angular position on the disk are exactly the same no matter how many master disks are made. On the other hand, in the case of a CLV disk, since only the linear velocity is controlled, the angular position of the logical address on the master disk is random. As can be seen from the result of the measurement of logical address locations on actual CDs in FIG. 48, the tracking pitch, start point and linear velocity vary slightly from disk to disk even if exactly the same data is recorded using the same mastering apparatus, and the errors accumulate, resulting in different physical locations. In FIG. 48, the locations of each logical address on a first master disk are indicated by white Circles, and the locations on second and third master disks are indicated by black circles and triangles, respectively. As can be seen, the physical locations of the logical addresses vary each time the master disk is made. FIG. 17 shows the low reflectivity portion address tables for a legitimate disk and an illegally duplicated disk for comparison.
In FIG. 19, the disk is reproduced in step 865 a to recover the encrypted position information from the barcode recording portion or pit recording portion of the present invention. In step 865 b, decryption or signature verification is performed, and in step 865 c, a list of optical mark position information is recovered. Next, if the delay time TD of a reproduction circuit is stored in the circuit delay time storing section 608 a in the reproduction apparatus of FIG. 15, TD is read out in step 865 h and the process proceeds to step 865 x. If TD is not stored in the reproduction apparatus, or if a. measurement instruction is recorded on the disk, the process proceeds to step 865 d to enter a reference delay time measurement routine. When address Ns-1 is detected, the start position of the next address Ns is found. The frame synchronizing signal and the reproduced clock are counted, and in step 865 f, the reference optical mark is detected. In step 865 g, the circuit delay time TD is measured and stored. This operation is the same as the operation to be described later with reference to FIG. 16(7). In step 865 x, the optical mark located inside address Nm is measured. In steps 865 i, 865 j, 865 k, and 865 m, the optical mark position information is detected with a resolution of one clock unit, as in steps 865 d, 865 y, 865 f, and 865 y. Next, in step 865 n, a pirated disk detection routine is entered. First, the circuit delay time TD is corrected. In step 865 p, the tolerance 866, i.e., tA, and pass count 867 recorded on the disk, as shown in FIG. 20, are read to check whether or not the position information measured in step 865 g falls within the tolerance tA. If the result is OK in step 865 r, then in step 865 s it is checked whether the checked mark count has reached the pass count. If the result is OK, then in step 865 u the disk is judged as being a legitimate disk and reproduction is permitted. If the pass count is not reached yet, the process returns to step 865 z. If the result is NO in step 863 r, then it is checked in step 865 f whether the error detection count is smaller than NA, and only when the result is OK, the process returns to step 865 s. If it is not OK, then in step 865 v the disk is judged as being an illegal disk and the operation is stopped.
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