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ICA GH - Syllabus | Economics | Demand
Uploaded by Enusah Abdulai
this is the course outline for ICAG Ghana. it is not meant for sale. i obtained this copy from their website
Why is managerial Economics is bla bla
Objectives and Expected Performance Outcome of each part
Syllabus for ICAG
Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations
Features and Inovations of the New Scheme
Objectives and Expected Performance Outcomes of Each Part
Financial Accounting Fundermentals
Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy
Review of Qualifying Examinations Syllabus May 2010
After nearly four years of organizing examinations on the current syllabus of the
Institute of Chartered Accountants (Ghana), professional programme, the first of
which was held in May 2005, it is now considered appropriate and timely to revise
and update it in order to bring it in line with current state of knowledge and to
make it more relevant to the current demands of employers and clients.
The job of the Chartered Accountant has become more sophisticated because
of the effects of globalisation, developments in information technology and the
complexity of the modern business organisation. The modern day chartered
accountant, for instance, not only expresses an opinion on the accuracy and fairness
of financial statements, but also advises management on the viability of investment
projects, tax matters and renders specialised advisory services, etc. In many cases,
he is called upon to serve the nation as a member of a special investigation panel.
In order to perform these functions creditably, he needs to have acquired proficiency
in accounting theory and practice.
The new syllabus would be examined in May 2010. The new syllabus attempts
to meet the dual goals of the scheme through the subject structure and coverage.
The 16-subject, 4-level-structure examination combines subjects which address
the practical skills requirements of the potential professional accountants with others
which are mainly of the theoretical or conceptual nature and therefore serves as a
good grounding for the Professional Accountant.
SUMMARY OF NEW STRUCTURE
Exhibit 1: Chart of New Examination Scheme
MIS & Business Systems
• Fusion and integration of some courses. it is not uncommon to find very similar questions and requirements on “Budgeting and Variance Analysis” in both the old [i. Current] Management Accounting and Cost Accounting papers. thereby enabling candidates to appreciate the overall realities of the business environment and to use advisory skills more effectively. graduate conversion and exemption scheme has been incorporated. making accountants strategic decisions makers. easy-to-fit and implement.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations FEATURES AND INNOVATIONS OF THE NEW SCHEME This new scheme was developed on a well-established context for a review and change. • All students have ten (10) years from the date of registration within which to complete all the examinations of the Institute of Chartered Accountants (Ghana). • A more rational. It is hoped that this will motivate higher grade candidate entrants—degree and diploma holders —to acquire sufficient accountancy competence and speed up their eventual professional qualification. Ghana . The following new features and innovations stand out. This is meant to encourage an integrative learning approach and to minimize the negative of the “tunnel vision” subject-by-subject training. • Clearly defined and achievable learning outcomes from Part to Part. • Better focus on business [financial] strategy and reporting or communication skills. This should partly resolve the problems associated with the placement of partly qualified candidates in industry and on other programmes. • Introduction of some more relevant programmes and appropriate titles — the New Business Strategy is more about management. • A four-part structure of 16 papers in total.e. The combination of related courses is therefore meant to derive more meaning and synergies. For example. 2 Institute of Chartered Accountants. After the ten (10) years period any student who has not completed the examinations of the Institute will not be eligible to take the examinations. • Increased emphasis on business advisory skills at the final Part 4.
• Emphasis on business cases. PART 3 • Four (4) core papers. the syllabus coverage as well as the detailed but specific objectives and learning outcomes are stated. within each subject at any Part. Ghana 3 . Institute of Chartered Accountants. • Provision of basic principles and knowledge required to understand the Business Environment. PART 2 • Four (4) traditional core papers. • Test of technical expertise required of a modern accountant. Result and Interpretation The pass mark is 50%. • Emphasis on business cases. A candidate who fails has the option of rewriting this paper in subsequent examinations till his/her candidature expires.Financial Accounting Fundamentals OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED PERFORMANCE OUTCOME OF EACH PART Each of the 4 Parts of this examination scheme has a broad objective and expected performance outcome as stated below. Additionally. • Acquisition of background knowledge and skills necessary for effective performance at middle management level. strategy and advisory skills. The broad objective and learning outcomes of the four (4) Parts are as follows: PART 1 • 4 basic/foundation papers. strategy and advisory skills. The results will be published as “pass” or “fail. PART 4 • Four (4) core papers.
Record and account for transactions and events resulting in income. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. concepts and their application in the preparation of financial statements. (All the five questions must be answered. This paper is designed to enable candidates acquire and appreciate fundamental accounting knowledge in organisations. Able to identify and correct omissions and errors in accounting records and financial statements.1: Financial Accounting Fundamentals 1. Able to specify the components of financial statements and prepare and present non-complex accounts for sole traders. Define the qualitative characteristics of financial information and the fundamental bases of accounting FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper consisting of five compulsory questions. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. Identify the sources of information for the preparation of accounting records and financial statements. Apply some international financial reporting standards.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PROFESSIONAL PART 1 PAPER 1. expenses. liabilities and equity in accordance with the appropriate basis of accounting and the laws. partnerships and limited companies. Prepare a trial balance from accounting records and identify the uses of the trial balance.) 3. At the end of the course. Understand the different bases of preparing financial statements. regulations and accounting standards applicable to the financial statements. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES • • • • • • • • • • • • 2. Ghana . assets. 4 Institute of Chartered Accountants. To ensure that students have a sound understanding of the techniques of double entry accounting and can apply its principles in recording transactions. the candidate should be able to: Demonstrate sound knowledge and understanding of accounting principles. Prepare accounts and financial statements from incomplete records. Specify why an entity maintains financial records and prepares financial statements. adjusting financial records and preparing non-complex financial statements.
Ghana 5 . Preparation of Financial Statements from Incomplete Records 20 Accounting for specialised transactions 15 Introduction to financial statements analysis 10 TOTAL 100 Institute of Chartered Accountants. SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING (%) Conceptual Framework of Accounting. Maintaining Financial Records Principles of Double Entry & Books of Prime Entry 20 Adjustments to Accounting Records and Financial Statements Accounting for non-current Assets (tangibles and intangibles) 15 Preparation of Financial Statements including Cash Flow 20 Preparation of Financial Statements for Non-profit Making Organisations.Financial Accounting Fundamentals However. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only.
Specify why an entity maintains financial records and prepares financial statements. regulations and accounting standards applicable to the financial statements.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1. b. standards setting process. b. Identify the main users of financial information and their information needs. a. Describe forms of Business Entity: and explain the meaning of ‘entity. k. g. Explain the categories of business organisations. Outline the components of financial statements. Identify the sources of information for the preparation of accounting records and financial statements. h. cost and management accounting. Record and account for changes in the ownership structure and ownership interests in an entity. (ii) Partnerships: Their characteristics.1 Financial Accounting Fundamentals MAIN TOPIC 1. Explain the differences between Partnerships and limited liability companies. d. c. l. m. j. (iii) Limited Liability Companies: Their characteristics. Explain the needs of external and internal users of accounting information. f. and their similarities and differences.2 Maintaining Financial Records 6 (Cont’d.’ d. benefits and limitations. c. i. Define and explain the scope of accounting. assets. benefits and limitations. financial accounting. benefits and limitations e. Explain the accounting assumptions and concepts.1 Conceptual Framework of Accounting 1. Institute of Chartered Accountants. liabilities and equity in accordance with the appropriate basis of accounting and the laws. book-keeping.) SYLABUS CONTENT a. Explain Accounting Standards: their purpose. Ghana . Outline the qualitative characteristics of financial statements. expenses. Outline the elements of financial statements and the basis of their recognition and their measurements. Identify and explain accounting concepts and conventions. Explain the purpose of financial statements by 1AS 1. Record and account for transactions and events resulting in income. IASB membership. (i) Sole Proprietorships: Their characteristics.
credit note. f. b. Illustrate how to balance and close a ledger account. Identify the main types of ledger accounts and books of prime entry (cash books. Outline the contents and purpose of different types of business documentation.3 Principles of Double Entry and Books of Prime Entry 2. c. invoice. (vi) Debtors/receivables and trade creditors/ payables. Explain the accounting for the following in financial statements. (iv) Intangible non-current assets and amortisation. (viii) Returns inwards and outwards. Identify and explain the types of errors that can affect trial balance and its effects on financial statements.1 Adjustments to accounting records and financial statements (Cont’d. d. b. Identify the main types of business transactions e. statement. purchase order. payments. Identify correct journals from given narrative. the purchases day book and the purchases ledger) and understand their nature and function. (v) Accruals and prepayments. remittance advice.) SYLABUS CONTENT a. a. goods dispatched note. h. Understand and apply the accounting equation. • The nature of transactions. (iii) Explain the uses of journals to correct errors in draft financial statements.Financial Accounting Fundamentals PAPER 1. receipt. (vii) Provisions and contingencies. (x) Capital and revenue expenditures. g. (i) Stocks/inventories. Institute of Chartered Accountants. including: quotation. (i) Explain how these can be corrected. (ii) Explain the purpose of suspense accounts. e. (ix) Discount received and discount allowed. definitions. sales order. the sales day book and the sales ledger. (ii) Tangible non-current assets.1 Financial Accounting Fundamentals MAIN TOPIC 1. relationships and distinctions. debit note. goods received note.g. Identify the elements of financial statements: • Types. receipts. purchases. Ghana 7 . (iii) Fixed Assets and Depreciation. sales. Understand and illustrate the uses of journals and the posting of journal entries into ledger accounts.
Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1. c. e. f. Prepare and present income statement and balance sheet of a sole trader: i Manufacturing Account ii Trading Account iii Profit and Loss Account iv Balance Sheet a. e. Explain the procedure for admission of a partner. b. provisions for discounts on debtors. c.1 Preparation of Financial Statements of a Sole Trader 8 a. Prepare final accounts of partnership: • Trading. Account for recognition of Intangible assets in accordance with IAS 38. a. change in the profit sharing ratio.1 Financial Accounting Fundamentals (Cont’d.2. Institute of Chartered Accountants. or a retirement/death. Explain the reasons for depreciation and accounting for provision for depreciation. plant and equipment in accordance with IAS 16. c. Ghana . Describe the accounting treatment for property. reducing balance and revaluation methods). Explain the methods and policies of depreciation (limited to straight line. Outline the provisions in the Incorporated Private partnership Act 1962 (Act 152) in relation to the preparation of partnership accounts. provisions for doubtful debts. f.) SYLLABUS CONTENT MAIN TOPIC xii. Describe the procedure for forming a partnership. Account for disposal of property. Prepare Bank Reconciliation Statement.2 Accountingfor Non-current Assets 3. 2. profit and loss account • Profit and loss appropriation account • Partners’ capital and current accounts • Balance sheet d. Bad debts. d. Explain the differences between depreciation and amortization. Preparation of Financial Statements of a Partnership Firm 3. Explain the methods of valuing goodwill. b. plant and equipment using ledger accounts. Explain revaluation in relation to an admission of a new partner.
Define cash flow and explain cash flow statement. e. 3. Ghana 9 . . used. change in the profit sharing ratio. income statement and a balance sheet for a non-profit making organisation. d. Investments. or a retirement.Financial Accounting Fundamentals PAPER 1. and how they are Royalties. c. Identify the type of entity that is a non-profit making organisation. b. Explain the nature and purpose of final accounts of a limited liability company. Prepare a simple cash flow statement in accordance with IAS 7. Specialised b.Income Surplus and Capital Surplus. Explain investments accounts. . d. Accounting for a. 4. Outline the differences between income statement for non-profit making organisation and income statement for a profit making business. b. Describe the usefulness of cash flow statement. Explain joint venture. Transactions Joint Venture. c. .Authorised Capital and Stated Capital. 4. g.2 Preparation of Financial Statements fromIncomplete Records Prepare Income statement and balance sheet of an entity from incomplete records. Explain how to make entries in the accounts of a joint venture.Ordinary Share and Preference Share.3 Preparation of Financial Statements of a company a. Prepare partnership accounts for an admission. 5. Branch Institute of Chartered Accountants.1 Preparation of Financial Statements for Not-for-Profit Organisations a. Draft company final accounts for internal use. Prepare receipts and payments account. f. Distinguish between.1 Financial Accounting Fundamentals MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. Prepare accounts for simple dissolution (excluding piecemeal realisation). d. Distinguish between joint venture and partnership.) SYLLABUS CONTENT g. c. Identify the purpose of such organisations. h. Describe the nature and types of debentures.
g. Outline the limitations of financial ratios as tool for performance measurement. Prepare departmental and branch accounts (excluding foreign branches).1 Financal Accounting Fundamentals MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. Explain royalties. RELEVANT LEGISLATIONS 1. R. 3. Incorporated Private Partnership Act 1962. Act 152.Profitability Ratios .Investment Ratios b. 6. DPP. Explain the meaning and uses of the above ratios. Institute of Chartered Accountants.) SYLLABUS CONTENT e.Liquidity (Short term solvency) Ratios .Gearing/Leverage Ratios . Act 179. (1992) Foundation Accounting. minimum rent and short workings. Record royalties in the books of the lessee and lessor (including sub-royalties or leases). Business Accounting 1: Financial Times. LIST OF RECOMMENDED TEXT 1. c. Introduction to Financial Statement Analysis a. 2. ICAG Study Text. f. 10 Companies Code. A. Ghana . Record transactions in investment accounts. 1963.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1. Calculate basic financial ratios from given income statement and/or balance sheet: . 2. Wood F.Activity/Efficiency Ratios . Millichamp. h.
appraise the impact of economic. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. political.2 Business Management 1. describe the environment within which businesses operate. apply the concepts. OBJECTVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the course. social. Leadership. theories and techniques in analysing and providing solutions to business problems. However. Motivation. Controlling 30 Communication Groups and Team Work 15 Human Resource Management 10 Marketing Management 10 Operations Management 10 TOTAL 100 Institute of Chartered Accountants. 3. 2. explain the major concepts. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper of seven (7) questions. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only.Business Management PAPER 1. theories and techniques in the field of general management. Ghana 11 . Candidates will be required to answer any five (5) questions. technological and global changes in the environment on management decisions. Syllabus Coverage Weighting (%) Introduction to Management 10 Planning and Decision Making 15 Organizing. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. describe the various functional areas of an organisation and how they relate to one another. legal. candidates should be able to: • • • • • • explain the objectives of business and the functions of management.
f. j. Explain the social responsibility of businesses. Explain how socio-cultural. Evaluate and apply skills necessary for effective decision making as regards the entire spectrum of management and organisation. i.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Explain the steps in the decision making process. Ghana . g. Explain the four (4) functions of management and state the other major elements in the management process. Explain the evolution of management theories. legal. Institute of Chartered Accountants.2 Bussiness Management MAIN TOPIC Introduction to Management Planning and Decision Making 12 (Cont’d. Explain the objectives of business organisations. c. Explain the planning process. d. c. Define and differentiate between the following key terminologies: Planning • Forecasting • Objective setting • Policies • Programmes • Schedules • Procedures • Budgeting b. Categorise the types of planning at the different levels of management. g. Describe how managerial jobs differ according to the levels and areas of responsibility. Explain the roles of management. State and describe types of plans. Explain the nature of the power and interests of stakeholders. political and technological and global changes influence businesses. Appraise alternative solutions and select appropriate solution(s) to organisational problems. h. d. Explain the types of skills needed by managers. b. economic.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1. e. Explain the concept of stakeholders and distinguish between primary and secondary stakeholders. a. e. f.
Leadership a. i. g. Analyse delegation. Explain the major sources of a leader’s power. Distinguish between types and conditions for business and organisational integration. Explain the major methods of vertical co-ordination. analyse and evaluate the concept of coordination as an integral part of management. centralization vs. b. Explain. including formalisation. Develop organisational charts and explain their importance. c. Explain the following leadership theories: • Traits theory • Behavioural theory • Contingency theory • Managerial grid • Tannenbaum and Schmidt leadership continuum • Fieldler’s contingency theory • Situational leadership • Path-goal theory. h.2 Bussiness Management MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. authority. leading and controlling in organisations. b.) SYLLABUS CONTENT Organising a. f. line and staff positions. decentralisation. organising. span of management. Appraise the role and importance of co-ordination. responsibility and accountability and their impact on motivation and organisational culture. e. Describe the main approaches to job design. • Contemporary theories d.Business Management PAPER 1. Ghana 13 . Describe the elements that make up organisational structure and its related units. Identify and state the characteristics and relationships associated with planning. Explain the various leadership styles Institute of Chartered Accountants. d. delegation. Define leadership. c.
e. e. Describe how teamwork and consultative management are used as motivational tools. Explain how groups are formed within organisations and how this affects performance. Define and analyse the concept of management groups. a. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain the different control methods. inter or intra-group relations and how motivation influences group/managerial behaviour. Analyse and evaluate the concept of team approach in directing organisational activities. f. c.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. a. Distinguish between organisational communication channels and explain their role in managing effectively. functions and purposes of social groups in organisations.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1. Discuss the different organisational control process. d. Explain the meaning and role of communication in modern organisations. Ghana . c. b. Evaluate the limitations to motivation theories. Identify and describe barriers to communication. c.2 Bussiness Management MAIN TOPIC Motivation Controlling Communication Groups and Teamwork 14 (Cont’d. Explain inter-personal and inter-group relations and distinguish between them. Explain the theories of motivation. f. e. b. Explain the nature and importance of organizational control. Explain the main forms of communication. d. Discuss the roles of negotiation in the management process both within an organisation and with external bodies. Explain the nature. Describe the control process. Define and analyse the concept of organisational culture and business etiquette in organisations. b. a. Describe the communication process. Outline the linkage between motivation and output. d. c. b. d. Describe the role of behavioural aspect of motivation.
Explain the role of the human resource management function and its relationship to other parts of the organisation. performance measurement and evaluation. d. Design and implement a pricing strategy. f. Explain the main elements of a marketing plan and importance. Explain segmentation and targeting of markets and positioning of products within markets. e. f. Explain compensation systems and the significance of indirect compensation. c. g. g. staff appraisal. Explain the meaning and effects and/or application of job evaluation. i. b. Explain the elements of the marketing mix and their application. e. Ghana 15 . Distinguish between duties of employer's and employees responsibilities. a. Outline the strategic roles of marketing in organisations. Distinguish between training and development and show their relationship. c. Explain customer care strategies as a means of achieving competitive advantage and their relationship with total quality management. b. Explain the marketing concept. h.Business Management PAPER 1.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Explain the differences and similarities in the marketing of products and services. Describe the recruitment process. promotion and demotion. Explain the concept of organisational health and safety and its benefits. Institute of Chartered Accountants. d.2 Bussiness Management MAIN TOPIC Human Resource Management Marketing Management (Cont’d. Describe the role of technology in modern marketing. Explain the disciplinary procedure in human resource management. h.
Explain how the quality of products and services can be assessed. Marfo-Yiadom. A. 4. Publishing Services. 16 ICAG Study Text. G. F. 2. Woeli. Ghana . Principles of Management. Pitman.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1. E. O. Explain and compare the following methods of plant layout: • Process layout • Product layout • Fixed-position layout. measured and improved. c. Boachie-Mensah. d. DP Publications. 5.2 Bussiness Management (Cont’d. Discuss the role of operations management in organizations.) MAIN TOPIC Operations Management SYLLABUS CONTENT a Explain the following types of production process: • Job production • Batch production • Mass/continuous/flow production b. Cole. Appleby P. 3. Essentials of Management. Management: Theory and Practice. Woeli Publishing Services. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Modern Business Administration. RECOMMENDED/REFERENCE TEXTS 1. e. O. Explain the concept of quality and total quality management.
A and B. • explain and offer illustrations of the main techniques of economic analysis as a basis for business decisions. • define and explain the fundamental problems of satisfying wants from scarce resources with alternative uses or describe resources allocation in relation to competing wants.3 Economics 1. Ghana 17 . Section A will consist of four (4) questions on microeconomics and Section B will consist of three (3) questions on macroeconomics. • explain the main features and contemporary trends of the Ghanaian economy and apply the concepts and techniques of economics to current business issues. • identify how macroeconomic variables and government economic policies affect and/or influence an organisation. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three (3) hour paper of seven (7) questions. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES On completion with this paper. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. Institute of Chartered Accountants. 3. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. 2. The paper will consist of two (2) sections. five (5) of which should be answered by candidates. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. However.Economics PAPER 1. candidates should be able to: • explain the nature and scope of economics. Candidates are required to answer three (3) questions from Section A and two (2) questions from Section B.
Ghana 100 .Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1.) SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING (%) Basic Economics — Concepts and Systems 7 Price and quantity determination 10 Elasticity concepts 8 Theory of consumer behaviour 10 Theory of production 10 Theories of costs and revenues 5 Theory of the Firm 10 National income accounting 10 Money and banking 10 Public Finance 10 International Trade 10 TOTAL 18 Institute of Chartered Accountants.3 Economics (Cont’d.
PAPER 1.3 Economics
a. Define and explain economics in relation to
b. Consumption of goods and services.
c. Explain the concepts of scarcity, choice and scale of
d. Explain the concept of opportunity cost in relation
to individuals, firms and government.
e. Identify the main characteristics of the various
economic systems and explain their merits and
f. Discuss the role of economics in business decision
a. Define demand and supply and identify the types.
b. Identify and explain the determinants of quantity
c. Explain individual and market demand and supply
using tables, graphs and equations.
d. Distinguish between a change in quantity demanded
and a change in demand.
e. State and explain the determinants of a change in
f. Distinguish between a change in quantity supplied
and a change in supply.
g. State and explain the determinants of a change in
supply and a change in quantity supplied.
h. Identify and explain the determinants of a change in
i. Explain the concepts of equilibrium price and
quantity via demand and supply with the aid of
j. Determine equilibrium price(s) and quantity(ies)
mathematically for a single and a two-commodity
k. Define and explain maximum (ceiling) and
minimum (floor) price legislations and give reasons
for legislating prices.
l. State and explain the consequences of price
legislation with the aid of diagrams.
m. Explain the remedies for the consequences of price
a. Distinguish between own price (point/arc), cross
and income elasticities of demand.
b. Calculate and interpret coefficients of own price
(point/arc), cross and income elasticities of demand.
c. Identify and explain the determinants of price
d. Calculate and interpret coefficients of price (point/
arc) elasticity of supply.
e. Identify and explain the determinants of price
f. Explain how elasticities are used in pricing
decisions, production and incidence of taxation.
a. Define and explain the concept of utility.
b. Define and graph total, average and marginal
utilities and calculate average and marginal utilities
from total utility.
c. State and explain the law of diminishing marginal
d. Use the law of diminishing marginal utility to
explain equilibrium of the consumer (one
commodity, two or more commodities) and derive
e. Use the equilibrium conditions for two commodities
to determine the equilibrium quantities consumed
via tables.
f. Use the law of diminishing marginal utility to resolve
g. Explain substitution and income effects and use
them to show the curvature of demand curves for
normal, inferior and Giffen goods.
a. Identify, define and explain the factors of production.
b. Explain fixed and variable inputs in relation to short
and long run production periods.
c. Define and explain total, average and marginal
d. Calculate marginal and average products from total
product and represent total, average and marginal
products graphically.
e. Identify and explain the relationships between total,
average and marginal products.
Theories of Costs
f. State and explain the law of variable proportions and
use the law to explain the stages of production.
g. Explain the long run behaviour of output (returns
• Private and social costs.
• Implicit and explicit costs.
b. Define, tabulate, represent graphically and explain
the inter-relationship of short run costs (fixed and
variables costs; total, average and marginal costs).
c. Use the law of diminishing returns to variable
proportions to explain the conventional shapes (Ushapes) of the average variable cost and marginal
d. Explain and represent graphically, long run costs.
e. Explain economies and diseconomies of scale.
f. Use economies and diseconomies of scale to explain:
• The position of the long run average cost curve
in cost-output, space.
• The conventional shape of the long run average
g. Define and explain total, average and marginal
h. Explain the behaviours of total, average and
marginal revenues in both price-taking and pricemaking industries.
a. Define the concept of profit in relation to normal and
b. Distinguish between accountant's and economist's
c. Distinguish between economic profit and economic
a. Distinguish among factory, firm and industry.
b. Explain the general concept of equilibrium of the
c. Define the various forms of market structures
(perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic
competition) and identify the characteristics of each
d. Explain the short run and long run positions of the
b. investment. Explain the stock and flow concepts of measurement. Identify and explain the instruments of monetary policy. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana . imports and exports. Compute equilibrium income. National Income Accounting Money and Banking 22 a.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations SECTION B: Microeconomics (Cont’d. savings. a. d. nature. h. Define consumption. identify types and explain measures for tackling unemployment. tax. Explain credit creation by commercial banks. e. Define. Identify and explain the origins. Explain the relevance of the size of national income. f. features and functions of money. monopolistic firm and monopolistic competitive firm. Identify and explain the determinants of consumption. Identify types of banks and explain the functions of central and commercial banks. c. Explain Monetary Policy Formulation through the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC). e. deregulation and privatization of firms. j. government expenditure. Define. i.) SYLLABUS CONTENT MAIN TOPIC perfectly competitive firm. c. Identify and explain the problems and factors that influence the size of national income. savings. Define oligopoly and identify its characteristics. Define and explain aggregate demand and aggregate supply. g. Define national income. Explain the following methods of measuring national income: • Expenditure approach • Product (output) approach • Income approac d. e. disposable income and savings. distinguish and give reasons for regulation. investment. Explain income determination. f. imports and exports. equilibrium income. Illustrate changes to equilibrium level of national income using aggregate demand and aggregate supply analysis. government expenditure. b. k. l. the multiplier and the basic accelerator.
Give reasons for international trade. Identify and explain the various items of government expenditure. Define and explain demand and supply of money and the three motives of holding money. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain Fiscal Policy and identify its tools. Explain the concept of balance of payments and its implications for business and for government policy. g.g. f. d. h. e. Define and explain inflation and the Philips curve. Identify and explain sources of financing budget deficit and its economic implications. Explain the arguments for and against increase in national debt. Define tax and explain the principles (progressive. Define stock exchange and explain its functions and importance. b. Outline the merits and demerits of direct and indirect taxes. c. Initiative. Identify and explain ways of managing the national debt (e. Identify and explain the various components of balance of payments. Distinguish between balance of payments deficit and balance of payment surplus. Explain the effects of monetary policy on business organizations. Define national debt and identify the sources of national debt accumulation. h. e. i. Ghana 23 . deficit budget and surplus budget. Define National Budget and explain balanced budget. Identify and explain the sources of government revenue b. debt swap. d. j.Economics SECTION B: Microeconomics MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. g. Explain the concept and consequences of globalisation for business and national economies. Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC).) SYLLABUS CONTENT f. c. i. Public Finance International Trade a.) a. regressive and proportional) and incidence of taxation. conversion of national debts into bonds etc.
5. Identify and explain exchange rate systems (fixed.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations MAIN TOPIC SYLLABUS CONTENT f. flexible and managed float). Analyse the interrelationship between exchange rate and current accounts balance. Identify and explain types of international trade controls. 2. D. P. Macroeconomics. arguments for and against trade control and liberalization. D. World Bank. Explain the role of major institutions (e. Explain the causes and effects of fundamental imbalances in the balance of payments. C. An Introductory Text Institute of Chartered Accountants. 24 ICAG Study Manual on Economics Begg. j. 4. C. h. Microeconomics. McGraw-Hill Pomayie. McGraw-Hill Colander. Macroeconomics. D. International Monetary Fund) in fostering internal development and economic stabilization. g. i. McGraw-Hill Colander. 3.g. RECOMMENDED/REFERENCE TEXTS 1. Ghana . Economics.
Appraise the technological environment in order to support the practical aspects of information provision and usage. Chartered Accountants now have a key role to play in the provision of information that adds significant value to the ever-increasing volume of data processed for management decision making. 2. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. 3.Management Information Systems PAPER 1. Section A will consist of a compulsory case study question of 40 marks. Ghana 25 . OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES This paper is concerned with the strategic importance of information systems to organisations in the modern business environment. and develop project proposals. However. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper of six (7) questions made up of Sections A and B. Apply a systematic approach to the use of information technology in organisations. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. Section B will consist of five (5) questions out of which candidates will be required to answer three (3) questions. candidates should be able to: • • • Develop an understanding of general information system concepts and practices and technological environment of the contemporary organisation.4 Management Information System 1. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. It recognises that although may organisations employ Information Technology (IT) Professionals. At the end of the course. Identify and apply project management techniques. Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Explain the relationships among subsystems in a typical business context. 26 Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain the essence of systems approach to problem solving. Ghana . b. Describe the holistic features of systems. c. Explain systems concepts and give examples of real systems. Differentiate between system boundaries and environments.) WEIGHTING (%) Systems Theory and Practice 10 Information Systems 35 Computers in Communication 10 Information Technology and the Professional Accountant 20 Business Strategy and IS/IT Alignment 10 Project Management 15 TOTAL MAIN TOPIC 1.4 Management Information System SYLLABUS COVERAGE (Cont’d.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1. e. Explain the following system types: • Open • Closed • Adaptive • Cybernetic • Deterministic • Probabilistic (or stochastic) System and Subsystems a. Represent the control mechanisms diagrammatically. Explain the following system control elements: • Standard • Comparators • Sensor • Effectors e. Apply the theory of sub-optimality and systems objective. b. d. Systems Theory and Practice 100 SYLLABUS CONTENT Systems concepts and definition a. Explain the need for system control and feedback. d. c.
TPS. competitive advantage and support of managerial functions.Management Information Systems PAPER 1. b. Describe the three levels of information in relation to the levels of management. CD-ROM. Database Design and Implementation a. b. Explain entity relationship modeling. Explain the relationship and difference between transaction and master files. data analysis and entity life history. designers. Explain the concept of the value of information. Information Technology. Zip disc. c. and ES. conciseness. computer file.e. Apply database tools to real life systems — Entities. components of a Database Management System (DBMS) — hardware. Explain the terms.4 Management Information System (Cont’d. people (users. e. Ghana 27 . Institute of Chartered Accountants. record. administrators. etc. relational and object-oriented. DSS. reliability. software. accuracy.) MAIN TOPIC 2. record key. e. i. d. flash disk. List the characteristics and explain the workings of the different storage media — magnetic tape. DVD. d. c.e. Explain with examples. Define database and explain the importance of databases in the operations of an organisation. Information Systems SYLLABUS CONTENT Application of Information systems in the organisation a.e. procedures. brevity. b. Traditional file Structures and storage Media a. data/information). Explain the role and uses of information in organisation i. timeliness. magnetic disc. Explain the different types of information systems. field. c. d. etc. EIS. diskette. Explain the term. g. MIS. Explain the attributes of good information. f. attributes and Relationships. Describe the types and enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of database models — hierarchical. Describe the key methods of file organisation and access. i. network. Define and distinguish between data and information.
i. g. input/output devices (peripheral devices). Explain the various types of communication between users and computer systems — command driven.) SYLLABUS CONTENT 2. e. video memory and flash memory. Explain with examples the evolution of computer programming languages — machine language. dynamic testing and regression testing.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1. Ghana . Bespoke software. mini and microcomputers. j. Explain the hardware concepts of the computer and list its benefits and shortcomings. f. Explain operating systems — single user. c.4 Management Information System (Cont’d. menu 28 Institute of Chartered Accountants. i. Describe the qualities of a good programme. assembly language. Draw diagrams to represent computer processes using the following tools: • Programme flowchart • Decision trees • Decision tables • Data flow diagram Human Computer Interfaces (HCI) a. h. general purpose software. h. worm. Draw the basic functional units of a computer system and show how they interrelate — CPU. g. mainframe. Explain system software and describe its components. multi user. high level language. special purpose software. Explain Applications software and describe Packagres. cache memory. Describe the categories/generations of computers — super. b. static testing. 4GL and 5GL. Information Systems (Cont’d) Computer Hardware and Software Concepts a. Representation of processes in computer Systems a. Explain the functions of the operating system (os). d. Viruses. Explain the use of the following: • CASE tools • Prototyping tools • Query language. Explain the concept of software testing — unit testing. Describe the various types of computer memory — semi-conductor memory.
Describe the processing options and their characteristics (batch. Explain the role and describe the staffing. functions and responsibilities of the IS/IT department in an organization. distributed. Explain the principles of hardware/software maintenance (preventive. centralized and decentralized processing). b. Controls and Security of Computer Operations a. user-friendliness. Explain the principles of system security and control. real-time. Internal and External design of systems. Explain the under-listed control measures: • Administrative controls • Input and output controls • Operational controls • General controls • Verification and Validation c. Institute of Chartered Accountants. b. c. Describe the methods required to measure the success of the system. corrective.Management Information Systems PAPER 1.4 Management Information System (Cont’d.) SYLLABUS CONTENT driven. b. Apply structured methodology to system development. demand. online. adaptive and perfective). Ghana 29 . Processing Systems Options a. b. Explain the principles of facilities management and outsourcing. Information Systems (Cont’d) Systems Development Life-cycle (SDLC) a. 2. GUI. IS/IT in the organisation a. Explain the following phases of the SDLC: • Problem identification • Feasibility studies • System investigation • System analysis • System design • Implementation • Post-implementation review.
PAPER 1.4 Management Information System (Cont’d.)
Data communication Principles, Objectives and Uses
3. Computers in
Communications a. Explain the importance of computer networks and
a. Explain the following computer network types:
b. Explain computer network topologies and protocols.
c. Internet, Intranet, Extranet.
a. Explain office automation.
b. Explain E-Business
c. Explain the following:
Information Technology and the Contemporary Accountant
a. Explain how information technology influencing the
ways in which organization are structured, managed
b. Identify the required level of knowledge of information
technology by professional accountants which can be
applied to practical problems in the organization.
Information Technology Knowledge and Skills Areas
a. Explain the role of the accountant in information
technology concepts for business systems under the
• The professional accountant as a user
• The professional accountant as a manager
• The professional accountant as a designer
• The professional accountant as an evaluator
and IS/IT
a. Explain the approach that an organisation may follow
to formulate its strategic business objectives.
b. Identify current trends in information technology and
the opportunities they offer to organisations.
c. Distinguish between a business strategy and an
d. Identify responsibility for the ownership of this strategy.
e. Explain the use of IS/IT for competitive advantage,
using Porter's model.
a. Define Project Management and explain the terms of
reference of a project.
b. Explain the roles and responsibilities of staff who
manage and participate in projects.
c. Explain roles and responsibilities of the project
d. Explain the advantages of using a project management
software package in the project management process.
e. Construct and analyse a project network.
f. Construct and interpret a Gantt chart.
LIST OF RECOMMENDED TEXT
ICAG Study Manual.
Stubbe, R. Computers and Information Systems.
French, C. A. Data Processing and Information Technology; 9th Edition.
Landon, K. C. Information Systems and the Internet.
Kenneth E. Kedeall, K. E. Systems Analysis and Design.
Senn, J. A. Information Systems in Management. Wadsworth.
Anderson, J. A. Data Processing Vol. 1 & 2; M & E Pitman.
French, C. S. Data Processing and Information Technology. DPP.
PAPER 2.1: Quantitative Tools in Business
Develop the understanding and application of statistical and mathematical
techniques needed to solve business and accounting problems.
Explain and interpret the role of the relevant aspects of quantitative
Make the most informed decision in business and accounting scenarios.
The examination will be a three-hour paper of seven (7) questions in all out of
which candidates are required to answer any 5 questions.
SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID
This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the
relative study time spent on each. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the
weightings below. However, there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve
Optimisation and decision making techniques
Present data pictorially in the form of bar chart. Collect statistical data using the various sampling methods. c. i. b. Use normal distribution to solve problems. Apply Bayes' theorem to problem solving. Distinguish between dependent and independent events. joint and conditional probabilities. range. k. Gantt chart. c. b. Present matrix information in a tabular form. Decision Making Under Risk and Uncertainty (Cont’d. etc) from a given data. d. variation. Z-Chart. Prepare a conditional pay-off table. quartile deviation and skewness. b.Quantitative Tools in Business PAPER 2. e. Institute of Chartered Accountants. e. Matrix Algebra a. d. h.1: Quantitative Tools in Business MAIN TOPIC 1.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. etc. median and mode) from a given data. Explain marginal. a. Calculate and interpret expected value and standard deviation of a discrete random variable. Ghana 33 . Define probability. matrix algebra. e. Lorenz curve. j. g. Solve problems involving probability transition matrices. Data Collection and Interpretation 2. pie chart. mean deviation. Calculate measures of dispersion (standard deviation. scalar multiplication. f. Classify and tabulate data in the form of frequency distribution table. Calculate measures of central tendencies ( mean. histogram. Solve simultaneous equations by matrix algebra. give. Explain the laws of probability. Solve problems involving matrix inversion. Use decision tree to solve problem. Draw probability trees. subtraction. Distinguish between equally likely and mutually exclusive outcomes. c. Solve matrix algebra: addition. d. coefficient of variation.
c. Forecasting Techniques (Cont’d. d. c. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain time series. most likely and pessimistic times for an activity. Explain negative zero and positive correlation. Calculate and interpret product-moment and Spearman's correlation coefficients. f. 4. Explain optimistic.) SYLLABUS CONTENT Simple Linear Regression Analysis a. Find the equation of the line of best fit using the east squares method.1: Quantitative Tools in Business MAIN TOPIC 3. Distinguish between critical path method (CPM) and programme evaluation and review techniques (PERT). c. e. Distinguish between product-moment and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Interpret the regression coefficient. d. independent float and free float. Ghana . e. Determine critical path and project duration. ftest). b. b. b. Draw network diagrams using activity-on-arrow and activity-on nod models. c. e. Apply additive and multiplicative models to determine average seasonal variations. d. Distinguish among and calculate total float. Draw scatter diagram. Use the regression equation to forecast. Calculate the expected duration and variance for an activity. Simple Linear Correlation Theory a. Use time series to forecast. State and explain the components of a time series.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 2. b. Draw the line of best fit on a scatter diagram. Determine the trend using the methods of moving averages and least squares. f. Planning and Control Techniques 34 Network Analysis a. d. Distinguish between regression and correlation. Time Series Analysis a. Use the computer output to test for regression (t-test.
Set the initial simplex tableau.1: Quantitative Tools in Business MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. 5. Apply integration to business problems. b. gradual replenishment and discounts models. Derive a function given its derivative. Stock Control a. Linear Programming a. Use the discrete probability to calculate the optimum quantity and determine reorder levels and safety stocks e. d.Quantitative Tools in Business PAPER 2. Use network analysis to allocate resources. Calculate the probability and minimum time for completing a project. c. Determine the turning points of a function (maximum. Institute of Chartered Accountants. d. Solve the linear programming problem (involving two variables) graphically. Differentiate polynomial functions (first and second derivatives only). EOQ problem). i. c. b. Use the normal distribution to determine the reorder levels. Use differential calculus to determine point elasticity of demand. point of inflection).) SYLLABUS CONTENT g. service levels and safety stocks. c. Formulate the primal linear programming problem. Use differential calculus to maximize revenue and profits (with or without tax) and to minimize cost (including the stock control. minimum. Use these models to calculate the optimum quantity and determine reorder levels and safety stocks. Optimization • and Decision Making Techniques Differential Calculus a. b. Crash a project using cost-time slope (lease incremental cost) concept. Ghana 35 . d. Integral Calculus a. Formulate the dual linear programming problem. State the importance of keeping stock. Distinguish the simple economic order quantity (EOQ). h. b.
h. Ghana .) ICAG Study Text Francis. 36 (Cont’d. Lucey. Continuum. Carry out the first iteration of the simplex tableau. LIST OF RECOMMENDATION TEXT 1. Explain limiting factors (scarce resources) and their shadow prices. 3. A. Continuum. Interpret the final simplex tableau.1: Quantitative Tools in Business MAIN TOPIC SYLLABUS CONTENT e. Carry out sensitivity analysis on the graphical and simplex solutions. Institute of Chartered Accountants. g. f.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 2. Business Mathematics and Statistics. 2. T Quantitative Techniques.
At the end of the course. weakness test. assess audit risk and design appropriate audit procedures. explain the techniques for collecting and evaluating audit evidence. purpose and scope of an audit. Candidates are to answer all the five (5) questions set. etc. process and Need for Assurance 10 Reporting Framework 15 TOTAL 100 Institute of Chartered Accountants. responsibilities and rights of an auditor. describe the audit procedures required at the planning stage of an audit. outline the qualification. candidates should be able to • • • • • • • • • • 2. Evidence Gathering Internal controls and Evaluation of Control 20 Risk Internal Audit and Other Assurance Engagements 20 Conduct of Audit and Assurance 15 Concept. and prepare various reports relating to audit assignments. Ghana 37 . state and explain the purposes of the regulatory framework within which the auditor's work is conducted. Purpose and Scope of an Audit. 3. However. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNNG OUTCOMES The course is aimed at developing the candidates' knowledge and understanding of the audit process from the planning stage through to the reporting stage and the techniques used in the conduct of internal and external audit. The Regulatory Framework of Auditing and Professional Considerations 20 Audit Planning. explain the nature . FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will consist of three-hour paper. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. explain and apply basic auditing concepts like internal controls.Audit And Internal Review PAPER 2. functions. substantive test. draw valid conclusions from the results of audit tests. compliance test. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. sampling. SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING % Nature. explain the techniques for collecting and evaluating audit evidence.4: Audit and Internal Review 1.
Examine the statutory and ethical considerations relating to acceptance and continuance of audit assignments. g. Nature. Explain the purpose/general objectives of an audit (distinguish between primary and secondary objectives). State and explain the contents of letter of engagement. The regulatory framework of auditing and Professional Considerations 38 (Cont’d. i. b. Examine the duties. Institute of Chartered Accountants. m. Examine the advantages of auditing to stakeholders. Explain the inherent limitations of an audit. a. Explain the concept of expectation gap. Describe the procedure for appointing and removing an auditor. h. Explain management and auditors respective responsibilities for the presentation of financial statements and detection of fraud and error. State the qualification of an auditor. responsibilities. f. Describe the nature. Explain and distinguish between the following types of audit: • Internal/External • Statutory/non-Statutory • Financial/Operational • Interim/Continuous /Final e. Ghana . f. e. d. l. b. confidentiality and conflict of interest. c. d. Define an audit. c. purpose and scope of auditing standards and auditing guidelines (International auditing Standards).4: Audit and Internal Review MAIN TOPIC 1. j. State persons disqualified for appointment as an auditor. k. Assess the code of professional conduct — independence. powers and rights of auditors. duty of care. Examine the legal liabilities of the auditor. objectivity. Explain how auditors are remunerated. Describe the process of accepting audit engagements.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Purpose and Scope of an Audit 2.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 2. integrity. Explain the procedure for developing auditing standards and auditing guidelines (International Auditing Standards).
Examine analytical review procedures as a planning technique. 4. 5. with particular emphasis upon those which impact upon the quality of financial information. Internal Controls and Evaluation of Control Risk a. Prepare audit planning memorandum. b. e. Identify the fundamental principles of effective control systems. c. d. f. Explain the purpose and advantages of audit planning. Show how specified internal controls mitigate risk and state their limitations.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. b. and sample selection methods Systems based audit Materiality True and fair view Directional and rotational testing Systems and risk based audit. detective and corrective controls • internal audit as a control factor e.4: Audit and Internal Review MAIN TOPIC 3. Identify the main areas of a business that need effective control systems. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana 39 . Explain the fundamental principles and concepts of auditing: • Walk through test • • • • • • • • • • Weakness test Compliance test Substantive test Vouching Audit risk Audit sampling — judgmental and statistical. d. Evaluate preliminary materiality levels and audit risks. c. including: • the overall control environment and Control Procedures • preventive. State the reasons for organisations having effective systems of control.Audit And Internal Review PAPER 2. Define and classify different types of internal control. Basic Principles and Concepts of Auditing (Cont’d. f. Identify the components of internal control in both manual and IT environments. Auditing Planning and Evaluation a. Describe the process of audit planning. Evaluate the adequacy of accounting system.
for a specified organisation. Identify. m. the sources of information which will enable a sufficient record to be made of accounting or other systems and i n t e r n a l controls. Internal Audit and Internal Review a. confirmation. Describe the qualities of audit evidence — sufficiency.) SYLLABUS CONTENT g. Identify internal controls for an organisation in a given scenario. evaluation. Explain the role of specialists in audit evidence. Evidence Gathering a.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 2. b. Define internal control. Explain internal audit and review. b. observation. Internal Controls and Evaluation of Control Risk (Cont’d) (Cont’d. testing systems. recording. Explain the following in relation to internal control: objectives. e. Define and explain the types of audit evidence. Identify internal control weaknesses in a given scenario. purchases and sales etc. c. k. Establish internal control considerations relevant to specific areas (e. methods of ascertaining. enquiries. financial reviews). 40 Institute of Chartered Accountants. • Organization control and risk management. reliability and relevance. Examine the nature and extent of internal review assignments (Operational systems. control environments and control procedures. j. c. 6. l. Examine the techniques for gathering audit evidence (inspection. Describe the scope and functions of internal audit. d. Examine the merits and demerits of outsourcing of internal audit function. Ghana . State and explain the types and limitations of internal control. 7. Explain management representation.). i.g. h. wages and salaries. computation and analytical review).4: Audit and Internal Review MAIN TOPIC 5. d. and their relationship with: • Corporate governance and objectives. value for money.
Woolf. Explain computer audit. Explain the purpose and describe the contents of management letter. A. Prentice Hall. j. Describe the procedures for verifying specific balance sheet items. f. Draft management letter. 2. Reporting Framework (Cont’d. presentation and completeness. Conduct of Audit 9. E. Explain the following types of audit opinion. Milichamp. Continuum. g. i. Ghana 41 . h. b. Auditing: an Instructional Manual. Use of audit software. ownership valuation. b. Explain the types of audit files. a.Audit And Internal Review PAPER 2. 3. • Unqualified opinion. Explain controls in computer auditing. Describe the format and content of review reports and other reports. • Adverse opinion • Disclaimer opinion • "Except for" opinion • "Subject to" opinion e. Record and document audit working papers. Design audit programmes. c. d. c. Examine the effect of computer audit on auditing techniques. Auditing Today. LIST OF RECOMMENDED TEXT 1. H.4: Audit and Internal Review MAIN TOPIC 8.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Institute of Chartered Accountants. d. ICAG Study Text. Conduct test of controls and transactions. Explain the basis for verification (existence. State and explain the elements of the auditor's report. e.
including the source of law. However. including the roles of shareholders and directors. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. Section C will consist of two (2) questions on partnership law out of which candidates will answer one (1) question for 20%. management and administration of companies. • describe the types of business associations i. 3. company and partnership. agency.e. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. Ghana . sale of goods and employment contracts. and the main implications of insolvency law. structure and hierarchy of the court system and Alternative Dispute Resolutions. candidates should be able to: • demonstrate a working knowledge of the essential elements of the legal system in Ghana.3: Business and Corporate Law 1. • explain the essential principles of contract in relation to formation and remedies for breach of contract.e. • explain the rules governing the financing. out of which candidates will answer any two (2) questions for 40%. • define the roles and responsibilities of officers of a company. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper of three sections. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. Section A will consist of three (3) questions on business law. • understand the implications and consequences of non-adherence to legal rules and regulations governing company operations. • apply the legal rules governing special contracts to specific situations i. Section B will consist of three (3) questions on company law out of which candidates will answer any two (2) questions for 40%. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES On completion of this paper. 42 Institute of Chartered Accountants. 2. • understand the legal implications of incorporation.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 2. • explain the duty of care in relation to professional negligence.
Hire Purchase 10 Tort Employment Law 15 Partnership Law 10 Formation of a CompanyCapital and Financing of a CompanyManagement and Administration of a Company 30 Liquidation: Company and Insolvency Law 10 TOTAL 100 Institute of Chartered Accountants. Agency Law 20 Sale of Goods. Ghana 43 .Business And Corporate Law SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING (%) The Legal System in Ghana 5 General Principles of the Law of Contract.
Explain standard form of contract and the effects of exclusion (exemption) clauses. d. equity and customary law. e. h. Describe Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedure under CHRAJ. arbitration under the Arbitration Act. such as land tribunals. 1960 (Act 25) and its departures from the common law principles of contract. Consideration. Examine the effects of vitiating factors on contracts e. Explain Limitation of Actions. discharge and remedies for breach of contract. e. what is meant by actions that are barred or statute barred. specific performance. misrepresentation. undue influence. b. mistake. Acts of Parliament. g. (Refer to Limitations Decree. d. illegibility. subsidiary legislation. f.g. Explain the basic terms of contract: • Offer • Acceptance • Consideration • Intention to create legal relations • Capacity c. particularly provisions relating to limitation of action for simple Institute of Chartered Accountants. quantum merit. State and explain the various remedies of breach of contract such as damages. a. Outline the structure and hierarchy of the courts. 1960 (Act 38). common law. Outline the sources of law in Ghana: 1992 Constitution. Explain the doctrine of judicial precedent. e.g. b. injunction. Demonstrate adequate knowledge of the law of contract with particular reference to formation. Explain what constitutes breach of contract. rescission etc. etc. including the tribunal of the National House of Chiefs. etc. conditions and warranties.g. Ghana . Describe the scope and content of Ghana Contract Act. i. c. Privities of Contract. 1972 NRCD 54.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations SECTION A: Business Law MAIN TOPIC The Legal System Law of Contract 44 SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Explain how a contract is discharged —frustration and its effects under the Contract. special tribunals. duress.
Effect of equitable remedies on limitation of actions). j. g. Define agency. Special contracts (Agency. remedies for breach. endorsements and presentation. Explain the concept Holding in due course. Hire Purchase.Business And Corporate Law SECTION A: Business Law MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. Negotiable Instruments and Employment)Tort a. k. c. 1963 (Act 137) in relation to the following: • Type of goods • Conditions and warranties • Caveat emptor rule • Transfer of title • Nemodat quod non habet rule • Transfer of property and risk. Explain the Hire Purchase Decree. • Price • Duties of seller and buyer • Breach of sale of goods contract • Remedies of seller and buyer • Auction sale. torts and actions for damages. d. f. Explain cheques. Explain the purpose of negotiable instruments. Describe the creation and termination of agency relationship. Ghana 45 . Institute of Chartered Accountants. i. Explain the main provisions of the Sale of Goods Act. b. 1974 (NRCD 292). Outline the rights and duties of principals and agents to each other and to third parties. h. Sale of Goods. Describe the duties of banker and customer. personal actions. if any. crossings. assignment and negotiability in relation to negotiable instrument. Distinguish between forms of bills of exchange and cheques. particularly the rights and duties of seller and buyer of protected goods. e. Explain privity.) SYLLABUS CONTENT contracts.
Identify who is an employee and the main legal consequences of employment status. Identify the key features of employment contracts and recognise circumstances in which an employment contract may be terminated and the consequences arising. f. vicarious liability and breaches of statutory duty of care. Distinguish between termination of contract breach. Distinguish between formal employment contracts and contract of service. sanctions on employers for non-compliance. e. effect and consequences of duty of care. Ghana . and remedies for employees. Explain the difference between unfair and wrongful dismissal. b. Explain liabilities in the case of workmen employed by contractors. dismissal and resignation.e. h. Explain the rules relating to health and safety at work. c. c. Explain the remedies of employee for wrongful dismissal. redundancy. duty of care i.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. g. Explain and apply the concept of tort and tortuous liability. Institute of Chartered Accountants.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations SECTION A: Business Law MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. Explain employers' liability to pay compensation for death or incapacity resulting from accident in the normal cause of employees' duties. f. Explain defences and remedies in tort. d. Employment Law 46 a. Explain negligence. Describe what constitutes professional negligence d. b. e. nature. Explain liabilities in contract and tort relating to negligent misstatement.
secretaries and auditors. c. d. List the procedures for incorporation. Explain the nature and types of companies. Explain the relationship between partners. c. Explain the effects of incorporation. Examine the limitations of majority shareholders and protection of minority shareholders. attendance at meetings. c. Describe the characteristics of different forms of business organisation and the implications for corporate personality. Explain the powers and limitations of directors. Describe the formation of partnership. f. State the qualifications of directors. State the rule applying in the absence of partnership agreement. b. Institute of Chartered Accountants. h. Explain the procedures for appointing and removing directors. passing of resolutions. d. Explain the nature of partnership formed under the private Partnership Act. 1962 (Act 152). e. d. Shareholders a. Explain the cessation of membership of firm. Distinguish between partnership and companies. g. State and describe the statutory and fiduciary duties of directors. Officers of the Company a. Explain 'Ultra vires' and 'lifting the veil of incorporation'. Examine situations under which shareholders can challenge actions of directors in relation to the management of the company. secretaries and auditors. secretaries and auditors. b. e. Ghana 47 . Company Formation a. e. Explain the role of shareholders in the appointment of directors. Explain pre-incorporation contracts. Explain the procedures for winding up and dissolution. b. i. secretaries and auditors with special emphasis on conflict of interest. b. f.Business And Corporate Law SECTION B: Partnership and Company Law MAIN TOPIC Partnership Law SYLLABUS CONTENT a. c. Explain partnership agreement. Explain the accounts and audit of partnerships. Explain the types of resolutions.
b. c. Explain the nature of different types of share. Corporate (Official Liquidations) Act . Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain insider trading/dealings. the conduct of officers civil and criminal remedies. • Takeovers a. d. f. Ghana . Explain the following types of re-organisations: • Reconstruction • Amalgamation • Arrangements. debentures and company changes. Examine the powers of the Registrar of Companies to investigate company affairs. Explain loan capital. d. c. Analyse the information available for company formation and raising capital. Distinguish between voluntary and compulsory liquidations. e.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations SECTION B: Partnership and Company Law (Cont’d) MAIN TOPIC Methods of Raising Capital Disclosure of Corporate Information Capital Reorganization Liquidation 48 SYLLABUS CONTENT a. e. a. b. Explain the maintenance of capital principle. Explain proof of debts. g. Explain the process of supervising liquidation and a dissolution. Explain the rules relating to capital and dividends. b. 1963 (Act 180). List the contents of company reports and returns. Examine accounting disclosure requirements and exemptions. a. Examine winding up under the Companies Code and Bodies. Explain the appointments. the procedure for the issue of shares and forms of payment. Examine special provisions for the protection of investors and creditors. c. rights and duties of liquidators and receivers. Describe the process of investigation. d.
The Law of Agency. Offices and Shops Act. 1963 (Act 180) Companies Code.D. Company Law for Accountants. 1962 (Act 152) Sales of Goods Act 1963 (Act 137) Serious Fraud Act.C. Cavendish Publishing Gower. 1987 (PNDCL 187) Labour Act.E. The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana Arbitration Act. 2.H. P. Principles of Tort Law.L. Company Law. 4.E. C. ICAG Manual on Business and Corporate Law Bondzi-Simpson. Excellent Printing & Publishing Fridman. 7. Butterworth LIST OF STATUTES Bodies Corporate (Official Liquidations) Act. Harpwood. B Modern Company Law. 2003 (Act 651) Institute of Chartered Accountants. 5. V. 1970 (Act 328) Workmen's Compensation Law. 1960 (Act 38) Factories. 3. G. Act 654 Hire Purchase Decree 1974 (NRCD 292) Incorporated Private Partnership Act. Financial Training Thomas. Methodist Book Depot Bondzi-Simpson. 1963 (Act 179) Contract Act 1960 (Act 25) Limitations Decree NRCD 54 Financial Administration Act 2003. Ghana 49 . Law of Contract. P. L.Business And Corporate Law RECOMMENDED/REFERENCE TEXTS 1. Butterworth. 6.
The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. However. gift tax corporation tax and VAT in straightforward scenarios. Calculate the amounts of income tax owed by or owed to individuals. Understand tax administration in Ghana in respect of Internal Revenue Service (IRS).g. Explain the general objectives of tax. Excise & Preventive Service (CEPS). capital gains tax. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. Understand the general objectives of tax and to calculate personal income tax. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. the influences upon the Ghana system of tax and the different types of tax in Ghana. Determine tax liabilities of taxpayers in the various tax systems. Calculate the amount of VAT owed by or owed to businesses. Import duties. Ghana . e. Value Added Tax Service (VATS) and Customs. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES On completion of this paper. Apply the tax principles and laws in the work environment. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper of five compulsory questions. Revenue Agencies Governing Board (RAGB). Calculate the capital gains tax payable by individuals and the chargeable gains subject to corporation tax. 3. Import VAT and NHIL. taxation system and the relevance of taxation to personal and business activities.4: Principles and Practice of Taxation 1. Understand the fundamental concepts and principles of the Ghana. Eplain the various taxes collected by CEPS. 50 Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain the issues arising in the course of performing tax work and identify the obligations the Ghana system of tax imposes on taxpayers and the implications for taxpayers of non-compliance.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 2. candidates should be able to: • • • • • • • • • • • • 2. Calculate the corporation tax liabilities of companies.
Principles and Practice of Taxation SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING % Tax Administration 20 Indirect Taxes 20 Direct Taxes 40 Double Taxation 5 Capital Gains Tax 10 Gift Tax 5 TOTAL 100 Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana 51 .
m. Explain the rights and obligations of the tax payer. l. State the penalties imposed by the Commissioners and the courts. g.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Assess whether the powers of the Commissioners are adequate to enable them perform efficiently and effectively. Differentiate between taxable supply (standard rated). Institute of Chartered Accountants. CEPS and VAT Service to ensure compliance with tax rules. Excise and Preventive Service (CEPS). Explain the concept of Value Added Tax. State the composition. Define pecuniary penalties. f. State the dates for filing of returns by the various categories of taxpayers and penalties for noncompliance. Explain the statutory powers and functions of the Commissioners of IRS. Explain the difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion. e. f. j. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of each system. d. Differentiate between direct and indirect taxes. Narrate how and when taxation was introduced in Ghana. d.4: Principles and Practice of Taxation MAIN TOPIC Tax Administration Indirect Taxes 52 (Cont’d. c. i. Explain the role of taxation in the national economy. State and explain the different taxes collected by Customs. a. n. relief supply and zero-rated supply. e. Differentiate between Customs and Excise duties b. State and explain the various forms used by different taxpayers for filing returns. c. h. exempt supply. Describe the attributes of a good tax system. o. role and functions of the Revenue Agencies Governing Board (RAGB). k. Determine the tax point for a supply of goods or services.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 2. State the penalties imposed under the various tax laws. b. Ghana . Identify when a business could or should register for VAT and state the time limits.
k. f. Explain the procedures for determining assessable income.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Distinguish between trade. p. c. Define qualifying expenditure and explain the types of qualifying expenditure. g. t.4: Principles and Practice of Taxation MAIN TOPIC Direct Taxes (Cont’d. state the various types of withholding tax and examine the necessity for having withholding taxes. h. State and explain other benefits in cash and kind associated with employment. Explain the rationale for granting tax holidays and tax exemptions. Explain the methods for calculating capital allowance.Principles and Practice of Taxation PAPER 2. Ghana 53 . j. Define unearned income. Identify the types of businesses that enjoy tax holidays and tax exemptions. chargeable income and tax liabilities and compute actual tax liabilities. i. Explain the concept of employment and examine the assessment of employment income. State the deductions that are allowed in determining income assessable to tax. Explain the types of income that are exempt from tax in the hands of the employee and state the rationale behind such exemptions. e. Explain the conditions and rationale for granting capital allowance. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of PAYE system. Define basic salary. m. Explain the mode of assessment of individuals. o. r. profession and vocation. l. w. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Define the concepts of income and income tax. State and explain deductions that are not allowed in determining assessable income. give some relevant examples and explain the mode of assessment of an unearned income. b. partnerships and companies. s. n. Examine the effectiveness of withholding taxes administration. Describe the determination of benefits in kind. v. Differentiate between tax holidays and tax exemptions. Enumerate and explain the various sources of income. business. u. d. q. Explain the meaning of tax relief and examine the various types of tax relief. Explain withholding tax.
d. Income Tax. State the transactions that are exempt under the Gift Tax and explain the rationale for granting the exemptions. Define consideration received and cost base. b. 1646) National Health Insurance Act. 4. Explain the procedures for filing of returns and payment of capital gains and sanctions. B. A. Mineral (Royalties) Regulations 1987 (L1 1349) VAT Act 1998 (Act 546) Value Added Tax Regulations. Determination of the value of a gift. with Amendments.I. a.4: Principles and Practice of Taxation MAIN TOPIC Double Taxation Capital Gains Tax Gift Tax (Cont’d. V. Explain double taxation and state the need for having double taxation avoidance agreements. 5. Principles. Ghana . Ghana Tax Law Primer. Concepts and Practice of Taxation. 1998 (L.K. a. ICAG Manual on Taxation Adjabeng. with Amendments.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. 3. 2000 (Act 592). Define and explain realization. c. b. c. Compute capital gains. 2. Practice and Planning. Define taxable gifts. Kunbuour. Internal Revenue Service Act. Notes and Exercises on Ghana Income Tax. e. Define and calculate tax credit relief. Identify chargeable assets under the capital gains tax. Ali-Nakyea. E. Taxation in Ghana. d. Internal Revenue Regulation. Dua Agyeman.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 2. 2003 (Act 650) 54 Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain transactions which are exempt from capital gains tax. Identify the countries that have double taxation agreements with Ghana and explain the nature of the arrangement. RECOMMENDED/REFERENCE TEXTS 1. 6. Compute gift tax. b. EDA Publications. Describe the procedure for filing and payment of gift tax and state the sanctions. S. LIST OF STATUTES CEPS (Management) Law 1993 (PNDCL330). Black Mask Ltd. c.A. f. Gift Tax and Capital Gains Tax. Akakpo. Principles. with Amendments. 2001(LI 1675). e.
OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOME The aim of the paper is to ensure that candidates have acquired the knowledge and understanding of the concepts and principles of accounting and how these can be applied in commerce. whether organised in corporate or in other forms. industry and in other practice. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain the contribution and inherent limitations of financial statements in meeting stakeholders’ needs for financial information and apply the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) conceptual framework for financial reporting. 3. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. in conformity with IFRS. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each.Previous knowledge of Financial Accounting Fundamentals is assumed. Prepare and present financial statements from accounting data for single entities. the candidate should be able to: • • • • • • 2. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. Ghana 55 .1: Financial Reporting 1. and to prepare and present the financial statements of limited companies and groups in accordance with approved accounting standards. Calculate ratios and explain their use in the interpretation of accounting information. statutory requirements and generally accepted accounting principles in Ghana. To enable students to prepare a complete set of financial statements for single entities and for groups in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Identify the circumstances in which entities are required to present consolidated financial statements and prepare and present them in conformity with IFRS. At the end of the course. However.Financial Reporting PROFESSIONAL PART 3 PAPER 3. all of which must be answered. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper of five (5) questions. To recommend accounting treatments for items in the financial statements.
Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING % The Regulatory and Financial Reporting Framework 10 Partnership Accounting 15 Limited Liability Companies 20 Consolidated Financial Statements 15 Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements 15 Accounting for leasing and Hire Purchase Accounting for Foreign Branch operation 15 Application of International Financial Reporting Standards 10 TOTAL 56 Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana 100 .
e. Explain and record life assurance policies in partnership. Explain goodwill and the factors that give rise to it. The Regulatory and Financial Reporting Framework 2.1: Financial Reporting MAIN TOPIC 1. Illustrate how different methods of recognising and measuring assets and liabilities can affect the financial performance of the single entity or group. retirement/death • profits sharing arrangements • guarantees in respect of salaries and profits/ commissions b. Calculate goodwill and make appropriate entries in the ledger accounts.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Ghana 57 . Apply the Incorporated Private Partnerships Act. Explain changes in the constitution of partnership in relation to: • admission. Apply the Companies Code 1963. Discuss the concepts of ‘fair presentation’ and ‘true and fair view’. f. a. c. Distinguish between purchased and non-purchased goodwill. Circumstances in which these concepts may override the detailed provisions of legislation or of accounting standards. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (i) The role of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (ii) The standard setting process d. Partnership Accounting (Cont’d. g. Act 179 to limited liability companies in Ghana. d. c.Financial Reporting PAPER 3. b. Institute of Chartered Accountants. 1962 Act 152 to Partnership in Ghana. The framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements: (i) Objective of financial statements (ii) Qualitative characteristics of financial statements (iii) Elements of financial statements (iv) Recognition and measurement of elements of financial statements (v) Fair value basis of measurement (vi) Concepts of capital and capital maintenance e.
Prepare value-added statement for non-group limited companies. Act 152. g. d. i. i. h.1: Financial Reporting MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. a. Ghana . Act 179. b. Institute of Chartered Accountants. non-banking financial institutions and mining. b. Explain and record rights and bonus issues in ledger accounts. forfeiture of shares and debentures. Explain and record dividend in ledger account (including capitalization issue). Record the treatment of dissolution including piecemeal realisation. Explain and record pre-incorporation profits and losses. State and explain the types of amalgamation of firms (including the conversion of sole proprietorships into a partnership). e. Prepare final accounts for specialized companies — insurance. Prepare final accounts (including director's reports) for publication for non-group limited liability companies in accordance with the Companies Code 1963. Explain the objective of consolidated financial statements. Explain why it is necessary to use fair values for the consideration for an investment in a subsidiary together with the fair values of a subsidiary's identifiable assets and liabilities when preparing consolidated financial statements. 3. Explain the accounting treatment of the issue. Explain dissolution. c. Identify and describe the circumstances in which an entity is required to prepare and present consolidated financial statements. Prepare detailed cash flow statements for non-group limited liability companies with reference to IAS 4. Accounting for limited companies 4. f.) SYLLABUS CONTENT f. Convert sole trading or partnership organisations to a limited liability company. banking.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 3. and other relevant national and international standards. c. Define an associate and explain the principles and reasoning for the use of equity accounting. redemption. Demonstrate knowledge of the relevant sections of the partnership Act of 1962. g. h. Consolidated Financial Statements 58 a.
Prepare branch accounts including foreign branches. c. Identify the laws. Explain the types of analyses. b. • Accounting Policies. d. b. Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements a. • Events occurring after the balance date. Explain and record hire purchase. Prepare and present the consolidated financial statements of an entity in accordance with its accounting policies and the international financial reporting framework. regulations.) SYLLABUS CONTENT d. Describe the impact of price level changes on financial analyses. using calculated amounts and other information. Institute of Chartered Accountants. State the uses of accounting ratios and their limitations. Consolidated Financial Statements (Cont’d) (Cont’d. Note These areas would not be examined: • Problems involving more than one subsidiary • Piecemeal acquisitions • Disposal of subsidiaries • Sub-Subsidiaries and Mixed Group • Foreign Subsidiaries • Group Cash Flow • De-mergers • Group Restructuring 5. Accounting for Specialized Transactions a. Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.Financial Reporting PAPER 3. Selected Accounting Standards Identify and recommend accounting treatments for items in financial statements. c. 6. accounting standards and other requirements applicable to the legal entity and consolidated financial statements of an entit e. Analyse and interpret a set of accounts/financial statements. 7. Explain and record foreign currency transactions (excluding those relating to groups) in accordance with IAS 21.1: Financial Reporting MAIN TOPIC 4. lease and other credit sale transactions. Ghana 59 .
Incorporated Private Partnership Act 1962. ICAG Study Text. 2. Partnership and Company Accounts. K. Kwabotwe. Act 592. Plant and Equipment • Government Grant and Disclosure of Government Assistance • Borrowing Costs • Income Taxation • Interim Financial Statement • Provisions. Internal Revenue Service Act 2000. Jennings R. Act 456.1: Financial Reporting SYLLABUS CONTENT MAIN TOPIC 7. Insurance Act. Banking Act. Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets • Investment Properties • Intangible Assets • Impairment of Assets • Financial Instruments • Related Party Disclosures • Segment Reporting • Agriculture • Insurance • Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources LIST OF RECOMMEND TEXT 1. Selected Accounting Standards (Cont’d) (Cont’d.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 3. International Financial Reporting Standards. VAT Regulations 1998 (L1 1646).) • Property. 3. Financial Accounting. VAT ACT 1998. Act 179. Act 152. Ghana . 60 Institute of Chartered Accountants. OTHER REFERENCES Companies Code 1963. Gyasi.
• Prepare government financial reports at national and district levels. However. • Apply the Public Sector Accounting Concepts and Standards.Public Sector Accounting PAPER 3. • Demonstrate an understanding of the Government budgeting. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. • Describe the different techniques of accounting in the public sector. • Apply the finance-related laws. Institute of Chartered Accountants. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour of five questions. 2. • Evaluate current issues in Government accounting and financial control. • Explain the meaning and importance of public sector accounting. Ghana 61 . • Describe the nature of capital assets. • Apply the basic principles and concepts of public sector accounting as it applies to MDAs/MMDAs. 3. • Demonstrate an understanding and application of the public sector accounting standards.2: Public Sector Accounting 1. all of which should be answered. • Analyse the various sources and application of government receipts and payments. control and accounting processes. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES • Explain the legal and regulatory framework underpinning Government Accounting. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. • Distinguish between private and public sector accounting. rules and regulations in public sector accounting. • Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of the public sector accounting system.
Proposed Syllabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING (%) Introduction to Public Sector Accounting 5 Overview of Regulatory Framework of Public Sector Accounting 10 Public Sector Accounting Concepts 5 Sources of Government Revenue 5 Government Expenditure and Payments Process 10 Accounting for Government Stores 5 Fund Accounting 5 Local Government Budgeting and Financial Reporting Systems 5 Central Government Budgeting and Control 5 Financial Reporting and Control in the Public Sector 10 Accounting for Salaries and Pensions 5 Accounting Systems and Practices of Statutory Corporations and Other Public Institutions 5 Cash Management and Control 5 Accounting for Public Debt 5 Capital Assets 5 Provisions of Public Procurement Act 5 Contemporary Issues in Public Sector Accounting 5 TOTAL 62 Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana 100 .
• Explain the following bases of accounting : Cash and Accruals. Describe the information which should be reported by a public sector entity. e. Describe the following sources of government revenue: • Tax revenue • Non-tax revenue • Others • Grants and other financial assistance • Trust monies. e. Outline the general provisions of the following legislations: • Financial Administration Act [FAA] and Financial Administration Regulation [FAR] • Procurement Agency Act • Audit Service Act • Internal Audit Service Act • International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). • Describe the Financial accounting techniques in the public sector.Public Sector Accounting PAPER 3. d. Identify and describe public sector assets.g. Ghana 63 .2: Public Sector Accounting (Cont’d) MAIN TOPIC Introduction to Public Sector Accounting Overview of Regulatory Framework of Public Sector Accounting Public Sector Accounting Concepts Sources of Government Revenue Government Expenditure and Payments Process SYLLABUS CONTENT a. b. Trust funds • Outline and describe the main classes of government expenditure • Describe the mode of funding institutional commitments • Describe the government expenditure commitment process • Detail out the government payment process Institute of Chartered Accountants. Identify the objectives of government financial reporting. • Explain the bases of recognition and measurement of Assets and Liabilities. Identify the users of public sector financial statements and their information needs.
monitoring and evaluation • Explain MMDAs' accounting and reporting systems • Give an overview of budgeting by central government • Concepts of budgeting • Legal framework • Structure and contents of the national budget • Describe central government budgeting process • Explain central government budgeting system and presentation format • Describe central government budget execution.Proposed Syllabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 3. etc) • Outline the Structure and levels of Governance of local government • Describe the financial relations between central and local government • Give an Overview of budgeting by local governments • Concepts of budgeting • Legal framework • Structure and contents of the local government budget • Describe local government budgeting process • Explain local government budgeting system and presentation format • Describe local government budget execution. Ghana . monitoring and evaluation Institute of Chartered Accountants. GET Fund. Road Fund.2: Public Sector Accounting (Cont’d) MAIN TOPIC Accounting for Government Stores Fund Accounting Local Government Budgeting and Financial Reporting System Central Government Budgeting and Control 64 SYLLABUS CONTENT Explain the following processes associated with accounting for government stores • Transfer of Stores • Discharge of accountability for government stores • Special Enquiry • Application of stores Explain the composition of and accounting for Public Funds • Consolidated fund • Contingency fund • Other funds ( eg District Assembly Common Fund.
2: Public Sector Accounting (Cont’d) MAIN TOPIC Financial Reporting and Control in the Public Sector Accounting for Salaries and Pensions Accounting Systems and Practices by Statutory Corporations and Other Public Institutions SYLLABUS CONTENT • Explain the content and format of Monthly Statement of Public Accounts prepared and submitted by CAGD • Explain the content and format of Monthly Statement of Revenue and Expenditure prepared by MDAs • Explain the content and format of Annual financial reports by MDAs • Explain the content and format of Annual Statements of the Public Accounts prepared by CAGD • Analyse and interpret financial reports • Outline the principles and practice of financial controls • Outline the roles and responsibilities of monitoring and oversight institutions: • Auditor-General • Internal Audit Agency • Public Accounts Committee Explain the following processes involved in accounting for salaries and pensions: • Payroll processes • Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans calculations • Parameters for Actuarial calculations • Recording Pension-related Assets. Ghana 65 . Liabilities and Expenditure • Pension Disclosures Explain the following aspects of Financial Administration of Statutory Corporations and other Public Institutions: • Funding • Banking Systems • Investments • Procurement and award of contract • Financial Record-keeping • Monthly and Annual Financial Reporting • Operational Auditing and Annual Financial Statement Audit • Composition and Responsibility of Board of Directors • Minister's power of direction Institute of Chartered Accountants.Public Sector Accounting PAPER 3.
redemption and reporting: • Domestic debt • External debt Explain the following aspects of Accounting for Capital Assets: • Recording and Valuing Capital Assets • Depreciation Accounting in the Public Sector • Using the Modified Approach in lieu of Depreciating Infrastructure Assets • Treatment of Capital Assets resulting from Capital Lease transactions • Impairment of Capital Assets Explain how to deal with the following Economic condition reporting: • Derivatives and Hedging • Environmental Accounting • Accounting and Financial Control failures • Financial Administration Tribunal [establishment. acquisition. servicing. jurisdiction.Proposed Syllabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 3. and appeals procedures Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana . compensation and reparation.2: Public Sector Accounting (Cont’d) MAIN TOPIC Cash Management and Control Accounting for Public Debt Capital Assets Contemporary Issues in Public Sector Accounting 66 SYLLABUS CONTENT Explain the following aspects of Cash Management and Control Practices of MMDAs and MDAs: • Investment and deposits disclosures • Advances and loans from the consolidated funds • Bank reconciliation • Petty cash control Explain how the public debt is accounted for with reference to legislation.
Granof Essentials of Accounting for Government and Not-for-Profit Organization Engstrom.Vincente Montesinos and Jose Manuel Vela Accounting for government and Non-profit Entities . Concepts and Practices .Michael A.Public Sector Accounting PAPER 3. REFERENCES 1992 Constitution of Ghana The Financial Administration Act 2003.Dr. Ghana 67 . Act 654 The Financial Administration Regulations 2004. LI 1802 Local Government Act 1993.2: Public Sector Accounting (Cont’d) MAIN TOPIC Provisions of the Public Procurement Act SYLLABUS CONTENT • Outline the governing structure of the Procurement Board • Describe the procurement structures • Explain the procurement rules • Explain and apply the methods of procurement • Explain the tendering procedures with particular reference to invitation of tenders. Act 462 Internal Audit Agency Act 2003 Act 658 Audit Service Act 2000 (Act 584) The Public Procurement Act 2003 (Act 663) Local Government Financial Memoranda PUBLIC SECTOR Accounting Made Easy . Hay Institute of Chartered Accountants. Hay PUBLIC SECTOR and Non-profit Accounting Revised .Warren Ruppel Innovations in PUBLIC SECTOR Accounting . Shoulders Government and Non-profit Accounting. Leon E.Freeman. submission of tenders and evaluation and comparison of tenders • Describe the methods and procedures to engage the services of consultants • Explain the review procedures • Explain the procedure for disposal of stores. plant and provisions.
Apply cost management techniques which achieve the strategic objectives of the business. all of which must be answered of equal marks of 20% each. d. b. h. Describe costs by classification. 2. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. To develop knowledge and understanding of how to prepare and process basic cost and quantitative information in a variety of business contexts. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper consisting of five (5) questions. Provide appropriate information for decision making. Calculate product and service costs under different methods of accounting. Explain cost accounting. Calculate. management accounting and financial a ccounting. behaviour and purpose. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. Describe the principles of budgeting and prepare budgets. Ghana . 68 Institute of Chartered Accountants. k. Explain the nature and purpose of cost and management accounting. f.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations 3. l. Prepare and coordinate budgets and standard costing reports for planning. 3. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES a. c. Identify relevant costs for decision-making. i. implementation and operation of costing systems. m. However. feedback and control. Advise on the issues and principles of control centres. g. To gain an understanding of costing concepts and their application in the design. e. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only.3: Cost and Management Accounting 1. record and report information necessary for effective cost management. j.
Calculate overhead absorption rates and determine the cost of product or service. using FIFO. d.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. h. Outline and explain the nature and role of management accounting and financial management. c. a. i. Ghana 69 . Cost Accounting and Management Accounting. Compute. transportation and material handling costs. Explain predetermined overhead rates and actual Institute of Chartered Accountants.Cost and Management Accounting 3. b. Appraise the impact on profit reporting using various stock evaluation methods for raw material. andCost Classification Elements of Cost (Cont’d. Define cost and explain the need for classifying costs and revenues. avoidable and unavoidable costs. and distinguish between direct and indirect labour costs of products and of organisations. sunk costs. work-inprogress and finished goods. standard and weighted average). Explain the purpose and scope of Cost Accounting. LIFO. e. a. explain and interpret inventory control techniques (economic order quantity (EOQ) and other control levels). g. Calculate and explain stores pricing (receipts and issues and different pricing methods. Purpose and Scope of cost Accounting Cost Concepts. Explain the principles in determining overheads allocation and absorption into cost of products and services. Explain the relationship between Financial Accounting. d. receipts. storage and issue of materials). Explain payroll routines. relevant and irrelevant costs. Define and explain the procedures in stock control (ordering. c. purchases. b. opportunity cost. Explain the accounting treatment of inventory losses. Explain cost estimation and cost behaviour — variable and fixed costs. apply different remuneration methods. d. Explain the responsibilities of the Management Accountant in the management process.3: Cost and Management Accounting MAIN TOPIC Nature. b. Describe the factors that influence cost behaviour. Outline the methods of Cost Classification. c. f.
Explain the accounting for by-products. i. g. c.3: Cost and Management Accounting MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. d. Define the process of process costing Explain the features of process costing. h. d. h. Explain the features and preparation of batch costing. Explain the budget period.). c. scrap. Outline the stages in a budgeting process. Explain the conflicting roles of budgets.) SYLLABUS CONTENT overhead rates. e. Budgets and Budgetary Control 70 Define Job. Explain the process for the preparation of cash and functional budgets. b. m. Describe the methods of apportioning joint costs to joint products. e. l. batch and contract costing. Costing Methods (Job. Explain the features and preparation of job costing. Explain the purposes of preparing budgets. k. b. f. j. absorption. Batch. Prepare contract accounts and determine the attributable profit. etc.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations 3. a. g. Explain process costing for decision making and cost control. i. j. f. Define and explain budget and budgetary control. k. Explain the accounting treatment for normal and abnormal gains/losses. apportionment. flexible budgets. Explain fixed vs. Explain the importance of budget manual. Explain the administration of the budget. l. Explain the features of contract costing. Explain the accounting treatment of the under/overrecovery of overheads. waste and defective units. Contract and Process Costing) a. Prepare master budget. allocation. Prepare process accounts. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana . Identify and describe various types of budgets. Distinguish between overhead absorption and overhead apportionment (allotment. Explain the treatment of work in progress and equivalent units. Identify and explain the methods of overhead recovery. j. k.
a. b.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Ghana 71 . b. or buy decision and shut down decisions. b. c. Use relevant and strategic cost analysis to make special order decisions. Use relevant and strategic cost analysis in the make. overhead and sales variances. Explain the principles underlying the design of ABC systems. Explain the operation of a standard costing system. explaining the meaning. Prepare income statements under absorption and marginal costing. Variances should include that of mix and yield variances. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Interpret reported profits under the two methods. Draw and describe a standard cost card for a unit of output. e. a. a. g. Explain the elements of absorption costing and marginal costing. Do comparison of activity-based and traditional costing systems. Explain the shortcomings of traditional costing systems. Calculate material. f. d.Cost and Management Accounting 3. d. Define the decision making process and identity the type of cost information relevant for decision making. d. c. lease. Outline types of cost standards. c. c. b. Explain the purposes of standard costing. computation and causes. Prepare a statement to reconcile profits/(loss) obtained under the two methods (using the same data). Describe the setting of standard costs. Compute product costs using ABC system.3: Cost and Management Accounting MAIN TOPIC Costing Techniques (Absorption and Marginal Costing) Activity-Based Costing (ABC) Standard Costing and Variance Analysis Cost for Decision Making (Cont’d. Outline and explain the limitations of ABC System. labour. f. Explain and define the terms associated with standard costing.
Define and compute return on investment (ROI). a. g. Institute of Chartered Accountants. implementation. C. e. activity level and profit level. Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis. Management Accounting. i. Use relevant and strategic cost analysis to evaluate programmes. M. Int. RECOMMENDED/REFERENCE TEXTS 1. Explain the different transfer pricing methods and when each method should be used. Discuss the important international tax issue sin transfer pricing. c. Costing: An Introduction. e. 72 ICAG Study Text Arora.T. Discuss the behaviourial. Drury.N. T. b. Define responsibility accounting and state types of responsibility centres. Use relevant and strategic cost analysis in the decision to sell before or after additional processing. Use relevant and strategic cost analysis in the decision to keep or drop products or services. g. Examine the merits and demerits of decentralisation. f. h. C. f. residual income (RI) and Economic value added (EVA). Analyse decisions with multiple products and limited resources. accounting rate of return (ARR). Vikas House Publishing. 5. Ghana . Explain and compute shadow prices. 4.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations 3. h. 3.) SYLLABUS CONTENT d. 2. Cost Accounting: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall. Thompson. d.3: Cost and Management Accounting MAIN TOPIC Cost for Decision Making (Contn’d) Performance Evaluation and Control of Responsibility Centres (Cont’d. Explain the concept of 'Cost-Volume-Profit analysis' and apply it as a tool to demonstrate the relationship between costs. Examine the basis of comparison used for performance evaluation. Lucy. Horngren. Define transfer pricing and explain its objectives. and legal issues in decision making.
• assess and evaluate the plans. Ghana 73 .Financial Management PAPER 3. 2. candidates will study financial concepts and strategies that maximise the value of the firm. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. Additionally. • perform calculations and provide related advice to clients on corporate restructuring situations. candidates should be able to: • describe the financial environment within which an organisation functions. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES The principal objective is to improve the business manager's ability to handle with professionalism the various financial problems confronting businesses of all sizes. actions and financial position of clients.At the end of the course. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Basic financial management issues are covered. • discuss the impact of government economic actions on financial situations. • discuss the corporate debt market and instruments and the principles of loan documentation. • investigate relevant sources of finance and advise clients on funding methods. 3. • advise on the forms of corporate insolvency and complete and use the statement of affairs. • advise companies on standard financial products and calculate investment returns from competing projects. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper consisting of five (5) questions. • perform basic calculations and discuss the use of derivatives in long term risk management. Candidates are required to answer all five questions. mergers and acquisitions. However. • apply a code of ethics within a professional framework. • perform calculations and provide related advice to client on company valuations.4: Financial Management 1. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. • describe the major capital market models and provide basic advise on stock exchange requirements and the role of the accountant.
securities and loans 10 Company valuations. futures and options 10 Impact of national economic policy 5 Foreign exchange risk 10 TOTAL 74 Institute of Chartered Accountants.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING % The finance function and environment 10 Financial system : Money and Ccpital market 10 Financial analysis and working capital management 10 Mathematics of finance 5 Investment decision/appraisal 15 Long term financial policy 10 Corporate debt. mergers and acquisitions 10 Derivatives: swaps. forwards. Ghana 100 .
i. Identify efficient portfolios and then apply utility theory to obtain optimum portfolios. Explain random walk hypothesis. Explain the key characteristics of the arbitrage pricing theory (APT). Describe the role of the finance manager in private and public sector organisations. f.Financial Management PAPER 3. f. Evaluate the sources on funds available to a firm. Institute of Chartered Accountants.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Explain the characteristics of securities in the: • Money market • Capital market e. g. Examine the Ghana Stock Exchange regulation and reporting requirements. Describe the three major types of financial management decisions: • Investment • Financing • Dividend policy decisions d.4: Financial Management MAIN TOPIC 1. Explain the function of stock exchange and the importance of an efficient stock exchange. Describe the institutional investors. c. Distinguish between money markets and capital markets. Define finance and its three main areas: • Corporate financial management • Investment • Financial market and institutions b. The Finance Function and Environment 2. Describe the external financial environment. m. a. Calculate two-asset portfolios. k. l. Money and Capital Market (Cont’d. j. Describe the fundamental features of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Explain internal finance strategies. e. h. expected returns and standard deviations. d. Describe the role of licensed dealing members (brokers) and financial intermediaries. b. Explain the basis for the firm's goal of maximising shareholders' wealth. Describe the scale of stock market activity around the world and explain the reasons for the widespread adoption of stock exchange. Ghana 75 . c.
d. accounting rate of return (ARR). o. Distinguish between and compute nominal and effective rate of interest. Examine the roles of banks inproviding finance for firms. Distinguish between and calculate simple and compound interests.) SYLLABUS CONTENT n. Assess the regulation offinancial services industry. c.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 3. Apply inventory management models (EOQ. Appraise corporate-bank relationships. short-term bank loans and commercial paper. Explain financial analysis. sinking funds and amortisations. Evaluate credit-grading decisions. a. Prepare reports on the performance of companies to management and other users. Explain the composition of a firm's working capital and calculate the cash conversion cycle. Appraise investments projects using pay-back (PB). e. Identify and calculate inventory management costs. etc. j. profitability index (PI) and internal rate of return (IRR). Financial Analysis and Short-term Financial Management 4. i. g. h. Institute of Chartered Accountants. c. JIT. Calculate and interpret future and present values of cash flow. Compute and interpret financial ratios. Calculate and interpret annuities. Describe and apply the following cash management models: • Baumol model • Miller-Orr model • Cash forecasting and budget f. Mathematics of Finance 76 a. e. b. net present value (NPV). d.) to the problem of optimizing the firm's inventories. 3. b. Ghana . p. Describe the mechanisms of short-term borrowing through trade credit. Compute the costs of short-term funds.4: Financial Management MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d.
b. Distinguish between operating leverage and financial leverage. Ghana 77 . but often non-quantifiable. f. theoretical rights and ex right. j. Calculate various investment criteria for capital budgeting. Calculate the value of right. Examine the effects of gearing.4: Financial Management MAIN TOPIC 5. the required return to equity and the required return to debt. Evaluate asset replacement decision/replacement cycle. risk and uncertainties (including probabilities and sensitivity analysis). Calculate the incremental after tax cash flow for a capital budgeting project. c.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Calculate annual equivalent annuities. and differentiate between business and financial risks. the effect of taxation and the importance of dividends as a signaling effect. d. Explain why NPV is the most reliable investment criterion. g. c. including its NPV. i. f. Describe the influence of particular dividend policies attracting different 'clients' as shareholders. Describe the five different views of capital structure: • Perfect market • Corporate tax • Personal tax • Agency cost • Bankruptcy cost b. a. inflation. Analyse make or buy decision and examine the effects of taxation. Institute of Chartered Accountants. and identify the major determinants of each. Long term financial policy (Cont’d. Explain why the cost of capital is based on the concept of an opportunity cost and not on the historical cost of funds. IRR and PI. Investment Decision (Appraisal) 6. Estimate the cost of capital budgeting project. and describe the problems that can arise when other investment criteria are used. d. Evaluate the impact of agency theory on the dividend decision. Explain the relevance of some important.Financial Management PAPER 3. Distinguish among the cost of capital. e. h. Describe the problems that can arise with IRR. influences on the optimal gearing level. e.
State the indicators of financial distress. d. Describe the disclosure requirements in respect of financial derivatives. Examine the benefits to shareholders. Prepare valuation of business interests. c. Distinguish among swaps. c. Corporate Debt Decurities and Loans 8. Explain the methods for the valuation of shares (dividends growth models. State and examine the risks associated with derivatives. d. Describe the mechanics of mergers and acquisitions.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. a. earnings growth models net assets. Derivatives: Swaps. e.4: Financial Management MAIN TOPIC 7. Foreign Exchange Risk 78 (Cont’d. c. Forwards. Explain the term. futures and options. Impact of National Economic Policy 11. Examine the financial implications of a derivative position. a. Describe the main considerations for a firm when issuing bonds. Explain the role and importance of the foreign exchange market. c. Describe the markets for derivatives. Examine the effect of the following on the financial decision making: • Interest rate • Taxation • Foreign exchange a. etc). Ghana . Explain how the following can be measured: Institute of Chartered Accountants. b. Explain how firms can benefit from forecasting exchange rates. e. structure of interest rates and the reasons for its existence. b. a. Mergers and Acquisitions 9. Describe the typical features of banks.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 3. f. b. d. d. forwards. Company Valuations. Futures and Options 10. Differentiate the forms of insolvency. b. Describe hedging techniques to reduce the risk associated with transactions entered into in another currency. Examine guarantee and convenants in relation to banks.
R. 5. 4.4: Financial Management MAIN TOPIC 11. Vikas. International Candidate Edition. Financial Management. Ross. et al. and Myers.Financial Management PAPER 3. S. Foreign Exchange Risk (Cont’d. ICAG Study Text Ross.) SYLLABUS CONTENT • Transaction exposure • Economic exposure e. 4th Edition. Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. Pandey.) (Cont’d. McGraw Hill. A. S. et al. 2nd Edition. S. 3. Irwin. A. Brealey. Corporate Finance’ 5th Edition. Explain the following: • Credit risk exposure • Interest risk exposure • Gearing risk exposure • Cash flow risk exposure LIST OF RECOMMENDED TEXT 1. Ghana 79 . M. Principles of Corporate Finance. I. 2. Institute of Chartered Accountants. McGraw Hill Book Company.
PROFESSIONAL PART 4
PAPER 4.1: Advanced Financial Reporting
The overall aim of this paper is to test candidates' ability to:
To provide candidates with in-depth knowledge of financial reporting
standards and to provide the necessary skills for their application.
To ensure that students are able to demonstrate competence and exercise
judgement in the preparation and presentation of quality financial
information in group as well as non-group situations.
Discuss international and local corporate reporting framework.
Prepare complete sets of statutory financial statements with complete
Interpret financial statements and assess their usefulness to various
Cope with current reporting issues and developments.
Apply requirements of all the IFRSs in issue relationship to practice relative
to the provision of financial information to internal and external users in
accordance with institutional regulations;
Demonstrate the skills to work within the professional and ethical
framework of the accounting profession;
Assess and explain problems associated with income and value
measurements during periods of price level changes.
Prepare and present accounts and reports on business valuation, etc.
The examination will be a three-hour paper of five questions, all of which are
to be answered. Calculators may be used, but marks will not be awarded
unless workings are shown. Previous knowledge of Financial Reporting is
This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should
guide the relative study time spent on each. The marks available in the
assessment will equate to the weightings below. However, there might be
slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only.
Overview of International Financial Reporting Standards
Advanced Group Financial StatementsAccounting
for Associates and Joint VenturesPreparation of
Income and Value Measurement and Accounting
for Price Level Changes
Scheme of Re-organisation/Capital Reduction
/Reconstruction Scheme
Explain and apply all extant IFRSs published by IASB
a. Explain the principles of acquisition accounting.
b. Preparation of group financial statements —
consolidated balance sheet; consolidated income
c. Describe the measurement principles relating to fair
values of the consideration and net assets acquired.
d. Describe the stages and nature of acquisition.
e. Preparation of consolidated financial statements where
control is achieved in stages.
f. Demonstrate understanding of accounting for complex
g. Explain and apply the provisions of the Companies
Code 1963, Act 179 relating to holding and subsidiary
h. Explain the principles relating to the disposal of group
i. Describe the treatment of goodwill on disposal.
j. Explain the principles of accounting for partial and
deemed disposals.
k. Describe the creation of a new holding company.
l. Describe the changes in the ownership of companies
m. Demonstrate understanding of nature and accounting
for mergers and demergers, and divisionalisation.
n. Explain the principles and preparation of financial
statements after group reorganisation and
o. Explain the principles of and methods of accounting
for associates and joint ventures.
p. Describe the preparation of group financial statements
with associates and joint ventures.
q. Discuss the current accounting standards relating to
interests in associates and joint ventures.
r. Preparation of Group Cash Flow Statements including
elements of acquisition and disposal of subsidiaries.
s. Preparation of Group Cash Flow Statements
incorporating associates, joint ventures, and foreign
Analyse the problems associated with income and value 3. Explain and apply asserts based valuations methods including: • Book value • Current open market value • Existing use value • Alternative replacement cost value • Going concern value c. Ghana 83 . Prepare reports on valuation of business suitable for presentation to interested persons. g. Prepare and explain profit forecasts. earnings and values basis) and solve related problems. Prepare and present reports relating to offers for sale in accordance with the requirements of the Ghana stock Exchange. List and explain alternative approaches to valuation of for Price Level assets. h. Explain the principles of Constant Purchasing Power Accounting.1: Advanced Financial Reporting MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. List and explain the concepts and alternative approaches to income measurement. Compare and contrast methods of valuation of quoted and unquoted shares for minority and minority holdings (i. Income and measurement. Evaluate qualitative factors affecting valuation. Value c. d. Describe the relationship between the Capital Maintenance Concepts. Valuation of Business a. CPP Accounting and Historical Accounting.Advanced Financial Reporting PAPER 4.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. e. CCA. i. f. dividends. b. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain and apply earnings based valuation methods including: • Earning yield valuation • Price/earnings ratio valuation • Super-profit valuation b. and Accounting d. g. Explain the principles of Current Cost Accounting. f. Explain the characteristics and limitations of Historical Cost Accounting as a basis of Income Determination. Explain the concepts of capital maintenance and solve Measurement related problems. 4. Evaluate effects of price level changes on businesses. Changes e.e.
Evaluate the importance of value added statement. Analyse. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Act 179 relating to purchase and redemption of shares 5. Evaluate the limitations of financial statements.1: Advanced Financial Reporting MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d. act 179 relating to reduction of capital and solve related problems. Interpretation of Financial Statement 84 a. 6. Ghana . i. Use the ratios so calculated to make: • critical comparisons between various businesses • inter-temporal comparison d. Explain and apply statutory regulations regarding amalgamation take over and mergers. f. explain and apply statutory regulations relating to reconstructions as regards: • alternative of capital structure of a single company • demerger • transfer of the undertaking of one company to another company f.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Prepare and present accounts and reports relating to changes in the structure of companies including liquidation and bankruptcy. c. Analyse and explain the impact of inflation on financial statements analysis. Explain and apply provisions of Companies code 1963. Construct a scheme for reduction of capital. c. Re-organisation/ b. h. g. Calculate and interpret various measures of business performance including failure prediction ratios. Prepare reports suitable for presentation to: • shareholders • employers (management) • financial institutions and regulatory bodies • other user groups e. e. Prepare a statement analysing the changes in: • revenues and expenses in comparative profit and loss accounts • assets and liabilities in comparative balance sheets b. Examine/evaluate the provisions of Companies Code Reconstruction 1963. Schemes of (including own shares). Prepare value added statement for group and nongroup companies. f.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. Distinguish between value added statement and profit and loss account.
3. Jenning. Ghana 85 . K. Pitman. Institute of Chartered Accountants. 5. W. 4. ICAG Study Manual. Topple. Partnership and company Accounts. International Financial Reporting Standards. A. Advanced Financial Accounting. Financial Accounting Manual 1 & 2. 6. M. R. R. Glautier. Lewis. Accounting: Theory and Practice. 7. 2. Kwabotwe. Gyasi.Advanced Financial Reporting LIST OF RECOMMENDED TEXT 1. Consolidated Accounts. B. E.
prepare auditors' report and prepare reports to management based on statutory audits. describe and specify quality control policies and procedures for the audit function within the audit firm and for individual engagements.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. However. Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics The primary emphasis in the course will be on understanding the concepts of. and approaches to. identify objectives for particular audits. it also covers some of the assurance services with the objective of preparing candidates for issues they might encounter in the future. specify the procedure by which the progress of an audit can be controlled and recorded. and draw reasonable conclusions.2: 1. and on developing skills to apply the underlying concepts and approaches to professional services. Candidates are required to answer all the five questions. Knowledge of the syllabus in Part 2 Paper 2. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper consisting of five (5) questions. investigations and assurance services. evaluate and validate accounting treatments of items in the financial statements in accordance with relevant accounting and reporting standards. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. select and apply tests of control and substantive procedures to obtain appropriate audit evidence. At the end of the course. This course will review changes in the audit environment and new approaches to auditing and examine the concepts related to auditing in computerised environments. ethical and legal requirements in the conduct of an audit. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES • • • • • • • • • 2. candidates should be able to: explain the significance of the fundamental accounting and auditing concepts and apply them in given situations. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. Ghana . 4. rather than for the types of services that are common now.6 Audit and Internal Review is assumed and topics from that syllabus may be examined. evaluate the evidence. 86 Institute of Chartered Accountants. understand and apply the professional. audit. and conduct special audit engagements and investigations. form opinion on financial statements. plan audits of various business entities.
Ghana 87 .Advanced Audit andProffesional Ethics SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING (%) Concept of Auditing Legal and Professional Environment 10 Planning Audit and Assurance Engagements 10 Reporting on Audit and Assurance Engagements 10 Audit of Financial Statements 10 Performance of Audit 10 Auditing Under a Computerised Environment 10 Sundry and Specialized Audit 10 Completion Procedures 10 Forensic Audits Money Laundering 10 Professional Ethics 10 TOTAL 100 Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Legal and Professional Environment (Cont’d. control risk and detection risk. Identify the components of audit risk for a specified audit engagement. c. Assess risk of error in financial statements. f. Planning Audit and Assurance Engagements 88 a. Examine the correct use of the accounting concepts by the client in the preparation of financial statements. a. e.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. including the breakdown of audit risk into inherent risk. Discuss the differences between the audit of a profit oriented entity and the audit of not-for-profit entity.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. Explain the Professional responsibility and liability under the following: (i) Considerations and reporting of breaches in laws and regulations (ii) Professional negligence and liability (iii) Fraud detection and expectation gap (iv) Quality control procedures and practice review c. b. Apply the concept of materiality in the planning and conduct of an audit. List and explain roles of audit committees and their impact on the auditor's work. Concepts of Auditing 2.2: Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics MAIN TOPIC 1. d. Corporate accountability: (i) Corporate governance principles and practices (ii) Audit committee and good governance (iii) Internal audit and risk management 3. Explain the Code of professional ethics under the following: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) Integrity and objectivity Conflict of interest and independence Professional competence and due care Duty of confidentiality Professional fees and pricing Changes in professional appointments provisions under the Companies Code b. Analyse the concept of true and fair view. List and explain professional ethics that guide the conduct of an audit. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana . b.
Discuss the benefits and limitations of analytical procedures at the planning stage. Ghana 89 . i. Explain why it is important to have a knowledge and understanding of the business when planning an engagement. Discuss the approach appropriate for an engagement which addresses: • possible reliance on controls (including those within IT systems) • possible reliance on the work of internal audit or other experts • possible reliance on the work of another auditor • probable extent of tests of control and of substantive procedures. e.2: MAIN TOPIC 3. fraud and noncompliance with law and regulations and assess their implications for the engagement. for a given organisation. Draft suitable audit report (including any report to the management issued as part of the engagement) on the basis of given information. including analytical procedures • nature and extent of client-generated information a. statements of facts. including the nature. Draw conclusions on the ability to report on audit engagement which is consistent with the results of the audit work. Identify ways of gaining knowledge and understanding of a client's business. d.) SYLLABUS CONTENT c. Explain the elements (both explicit and implicit) of the auditor's report issued in accordance with Auditing Standards on statutory requirements and recommend the nature of an audit opinion to be given in such a report. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Planning Audit and Assurance Engagements 4.Advanced Audit andProffesional Ethics PAPER 4. g Assess the impact of risk and materiality on the engagement plan. timing and extent of assurance procedures. c. Reporting on Audit and Assurance Engagements Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics (Cont’d. Identify the components of risk for a specified assurance engagement. Identify the risks arising from error. h. and recommendations for action relevant to the needs of the organisation being reported upon. b. their potential effects. f.
a. (iii) Discovery of facts subsequent to date of auditors' report. (iii) Reporting on group financial statements. Draft suitable assurance report (including any report to the management issued as part of the engagement) on the basis of given information. b. g. (ii) Other information in documents containing audited financial statements. Group engagements: (i) Risk assessment in complex group environment. 90 Institute of Chartered Accountants. and recommendations for action relevant to the needs and nature of the organisation being reported upon. Explain and discuss Audit process under the following: (i) Risk and materiality assessment procedures including fraud considerations. Reporting: (i) Form and content of auditor's report for statutory and financial audits. e.) 5. the results and conclusions obtained from assurance tests and procedures. their potential effects. c. Ghana . g.) SYLLABUS CONTENT d. quantitatively and qualitatively (including use of analytical procedures). Audit of Financial Statements (Cont’d.2: Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics MAIN TOPIC 4. (iv) Impact of IT environment on audit process. Describe the nature and timing of specific procedures designed to identify subsequent events that may require adjustment or disclosure in relation to the matters being reported on.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. Reporting on Audit and Assurance EngagementS (Cont’d. Evaluate. using the work of an expert. (ii) Evidence gathering and documentation including management representations. (ii) Using the work of other auditors. statements of facts. (iii) Overall review including subsequent events and going concern considerations. (iv) Communications with management and those charged with governance. Draw conclusions on the ability to report on assurance engagement which is consistent with the results of the assurance work.
7. Discuss the final evidential evaluation processes of: (i) Review for contingencies. Institute of Chartered Accountants.) SYLLABUS CONTENT d. the control environment. (iv) Identify the reasons for preparing and keeping documentation relating to an audit engagement. Audit of Financial Statements (Cont’d. b. (ii) Analytical procedures.2: MAIN TOPIC 5.Advanced Audit andProffesional Ethics PAPER 4. Performance of Audit Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics (Cont’d. (v) Explain analytical review as a source of evidence: Figures and relationships in line with expectations. integrated systems. commitments and subsequent events. manual systems. Discuss management assertions and audit objectives. (iv) Review of financial statement presentation and disclosure. (iv) Audit sampling. c. (ii) Explain general controls: Need. a.) 6. Ghana 91 . The Overall Computer Environment: (i) Distinguish and explain computerised systems vs. Auditing Under a Computerised Environment a. (ii) Going concern considerations. (iii) Computer assisted audit techniques (CAATs). Outline and explain the procedures to obtain and evaluate evidence on the following: (i) Balance and transaction testing for financial statement components. (ii) Demonstrate how the assurance function within an assurance firm can be monitored through procedures for review. (vi) Comparison of figures: Monthly and Annual Trends. Quality control: (i) Discuss the principles and purpose of quality control of assurance engagements. (iii) Describe how quality can be monitored and controlled through procedures external to the audit firm. problems and advantages of computer systems. (iii) Management representations.
Sundry and Specialized Audit 92 a. e. (iv) Explain the analytical procedures by computer programme. (iv) Explain security over programmes. Repeat processing of client data. c. Explain the relationships with subsidiary auditors.2: Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics MAIN TOPIC 7. b. Ghana . (ii) Discuss the specific controls in each of these areas for sales. disaster planning.) SYLLABUS CONTENT (iii) Describe general control: New systems/major changes. data and hardware. changes to standing data. Examine the implication of the following: • Social and environmental audit • Systems development audit Institute of Chartered Accountants. c. 8. Computer Assisted Audit Techniques: (i) Explain the process of auditing around and through the computer. Discuss the statutory position regarding form and content of group financial statements. Integrated test facilities. d. purchases and inventory. Discuss the responsibilities of the parent company auditor. Evaluate and assess the financial statements of a list company in accordance with Stock Exchange reporting requirement. (iii) Outline and explain the manual compliance tests to be performed thereon by auditors. b.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. (iii) Discuss how to use CAATs to test client data and select samples: audit software. Discuss the nature of consultations with subsidiary auditors.) (Cont’d. Auditing Under a Computerised Environment (Cont’d. f. Application Controls: (i) Discuss the areas in which controls are required: Input and output. (v) Outline and explain manual compliance tests to be performed thereon by auditors. (ii) Discuss how to use computer assisted audit technique (CAATs) to test systems: Dummy data/ test data.
(vi) Financial statement assertions. a.Advanced Audit andProffesional Ethics PAPER 4. (ii) Post balance sheet events: Auditor responsibilities and work required. g. c. (v) Presentation in the audit evidence processes. (vii) The overall audit objective: True & fair view. insurance claims) and the role of the forensic auditor as an expert witness.2: MAIN TOPIC 8. h. Institute of Chartered Accountants. forensic investigation and forensic audit. Discuss the procedures for carrying out fraud investigation for a client. Analyse the procedures for the conduct of tax investigations. h. a. (iv) Management letter. b. (viii) Elements of auditors' report. e. Completion Procedures 10. fraud. Explain how to conduct investigations arising under the provisions of the Companies Code. Explain how the auditor deals with the following: (i) Contingencies and commitments: Auditor responsibilities and work required. (iii) Going-concern considerations. Definitions of forensic accounting.g. negligence. (x) Prepare audit report which conforms to the requirements of the companies code and auditing standards. State the form and contents of investigation reports. Distinguish between forecasts and projections and prepare an appropriate report therein. Sundry and Specialized Audit (Cont’d. Ghana 93 .) 9. Prepare accountants report for inclusion in prospectus. Forensic Audits Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics (Cont’d. Applications of forensic auditing (e. d.) SYLLABUS CONTENT • Fraud in computerized audit • Auditing in relation to 'e' commerce g. Discuss the fundamental ethical principles to professional accountants engaged in forensic audit assignments. f. Discuss the investigative procedures and evidence appropriate in determining the loss in a given situation. (ix) Modified auditor's reports.
Explain the differences between a rules based on ethical code and one based upon a set of principles. Definition of money laundering: b. Identify the key features of the system of professional ethics adopted by IFAC and ICAG. h. Explain how the principles of professional behaviour protect the public and fellow professionals. Explain the accountants' obligations in the prevention and detection of money laundering. identifying situations that may impair or threaten integrity and objectivity. Explain the importance of confidentiality and identify the sources of risks of accidental disclosure of information. Explain the importance of integrity and objectivity to professional accountants. Explain the recognition of potentially suspicious transactions and their impact on reporting duties. Identify the fundamental principles underlying the IFAC and the ICAG code of ethics. Explain the elements of an anti-money laundering programme.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. e. e. Outline and discuss the need for ethical guidance in money laundering. Money Laundering 12. Professional Ethics 94 Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics (Cont’d.2: MAIN TOPIC 11. Suggest courses of action to resolve ethical conflicts relating to integrity and objectivity. g. Discuss the importance of customer due diligence (CDD). g. c. Ghana . a. f. d. d. i. i. Respond appropriately to the request of an employer to undertake work outside the confines of an individual's expertise or experience. Institute of Chartered Accountants. h.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. b. c. Discuss the international efforts to combat money laundering. Discuss the protection of professional accountants from criminal and civil liability. f. Explain the scope of criminal offences of money laundering. State the role of ethical consideration by the auditor and their importance to the profession.
Identify safeguards to eliminate or reduce threats to the fundamental ethical principles and the independence of assurance providers. (v) Establishment of internal control processes. regulations and company policies. b. Professional Ethics (Cont’d.) SYLLABUS CONTENT j. (ii) Establishment of a basis for the achievement of business objectives. Typical Ethical Issues Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics (Cont’d. Define independence and explain why those undertaking an assurance engagement are required to be independent of their clients. k. (iii) Compliance with laws. Explain business controls under the following: (i) Maintenance of confidence in the integrity of financial statements. Ghana 95 . Identify steps to prevent the accidental disclosure of information. Identify the following threats to the fundamental ethical principles and the independence of assurance providers: • self-interest threat • self-review threat • management threat • advocacy threat • familiarity threat • intimidation threat n. Suggest how a conflict of loyalty between the duty a professional accountant has to their employer and the duty to their profession could be resolved. a. l.) 13.2: MAIN TOPIC 12.Advanced Audit andProffesional Ethics PAPER 4. Identify situations in which confidential information may be disclosed. m. (iv) Review of existing policies and procedures. Discuss the management of corporate funds and property under the following: (i) Safeguarding corporate assets and resources Institute of Chartered Accountants. o.
software. accountancy profession and the public. fraudulent manipulation. (iii) Use of passwords. alteration. f. invoices. Typical Ethical Issues (Cont’d. and unauthorised access. (ii) Money laundering. and data from damage. cash. (ii) Volunteer work for political campaigns. time sheets.2: Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics MAIN TOPIC 13. d. Improper influence of internal or external auditors. Identify how to protect information and resources: (i) Computers. destruction.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. (iii) Theft. (iii) Use of vouchers. (vi) Unethical behaviour to individuals. (i) Fraud. complete and reliable business records. Ghana . (v) Over-exaggeration/suppression of information/ values. Discuss the ethical responsibilities of accountants in business under the following. e. (iii) Prevention of industrial espionage and sabotage. (ii) Fraudulent reporting. (v) Access to internet in organisations. (ii) Computer systems audit. funds. (iv) Back-up plans and procedures. Explain the role of ethics issues in political environment under the following: (i) Contribution of corporate funds to political parties. 96 Institute of Chartered Accountants. c.) SYLLABUS CONTENT (ii) Proper utilisation of company credit cards.) (Cont’d. money orders. or misuse. resources and assets for political activities. Outline the ethical issues in financial reporting under the following: (i) Importance of accurate. viruses. (iv) Impersonification. disclosure. (iii) Using corporate time. cheques. and benefits claims to access company funds and property. theft.
3. Woolf.Advanced Audit andProffesional Ethics LIST OF RECOMMENDED TEXT: 1. 2. Ghana 97 . ICAG Study Manual. Institute of Chartered Accountants. E. Prentice Hall. Auditing Today. International Standards on Auditing.
• Appreciate concepts and principles in contemporary thinking on strategic management. FORM OF EXAMINATION The examination will be a three-hour paper consisting of 3 sections: Section A will consist of one compulsory question (case study) which will cover 30 marks. However. • Appreciate the global competitive business environment and the relevant global strategies for business success. • Apply concepts to business case scenarios through the use of a major case study. • Evaluate the effect of selected management strategies on organizational performance. • Analyse the role of leaders in developing and implementing effective strategy. • Explain the relationship between ethics and corporate governance. opportunities and challenges facing a business through its life-cycle. Ghana . 3. • Develop business plans and proposals and advise on issues relating to business and organisation plans. • Determine and recommend appropriate strategies to support the various phases of the business life-cycle. 2. the risk involved and how those risks should be managed. • Explain the importance of good corporate governance and the evolution of best practice. Section B will consist of three questions on corporate governance out of which candidates will be required to answer any two for 30 marks. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each.3: Corporate Strategy and Governance 1. • Determine the general and unique characteristics. • Advise on and develop appropriate remuneration and reward packages for staff. executives and directors. OBJECTIVES AND LEARNINING OUTCOMES On completion of this paper. Section C will consist of three questions out of which candidates will be required to answer any two for 40 marks. The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. candidates should be able to: • Explain strategy and the process of strategy formulation. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. 98 Institute of Chartered Accountants. • Assess and advise on required corporate governance mechanisms.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. • Identify major issues in corporate governance and their significance.
Ghana 99 .Corporate Strategy and Governance SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING (%) Nature of Strategy 5 Environmental Analysis 10 Strategy Analysis and Choice 15 Functional Strategies 20 Management Issues 10 Strategy Evaluation and Control 15 Change Management 10 Corporate Governance: Overview of Corporate Governance and Management Code of Best Practice in Corporate Governance Directors and Officers The Role of Internal Control in Corporate Governance Legislation Relating to Fraud TOTAL 15 100 Institute of Chartered Accountants.
mission. c. l. Ghana . Explain resource based theory and its implications for strategy formulation. b. g. e. j. Evaluate critical success factors.3: Corporate Strategy and Governance (Cont’d. n. economic. Explain the role of board of directors in strategic management. m. Explain key concepts related to strategic management (e. Outline the concept of the balance scorecard and its usefulness in strategy. Describe the relationships among environmental analysis. strategy and policies). Describe the basic steps in SWOT analysis. State reasons for the rising internationalisation of business. Explain external and internal environment of business. f. h. Describe how the social. core values. e Describe the process of industry and competitive analysis with reference to Porter's five forces model.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. d. competitive. Apply concepts and principles in external environmental analysis to case studies.) MAIN TOPIC Nature of Strategy Environmental Analysis 100 SYLLABUS CONTENT a.g. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Define and explain strategy and management. c. k. objectives. f. Examine sustainable competitive advantage. Explain the stages of corporate development. legal. Apply concepts and principles in internal environmental analysis to case studies. goals. d. political and technological influence an organisation. Describe the phases of the strategic management process. o. Explain the importance of strategic management. Describe external and external environmental analysis. a. Describe value chain for an organisation and its industry. i. Evaluate the impact of international environmental forces on business operations. vision. b. analysis and internal organisation.
3: Corporate Strategy and Governance (Cont’d. d. • Explain how and why management should conduct a post-investment audit of a capital project. • Calculate the impact on earnings and on market value of companies involved in mergers. e. abnormalgrowth. Finance • Develop policies for raising short-term debt. Identify and develop direction option for an organisation including the use of answers following product/market matrix. • Calculate and categorise major financial ratios and understand what they can tell about a company. • Describe the methods used by companies to manage exchange rate risk. harvesting. c. Explain the purpose of the organisation in respect of stakeholder expectation. • Explain how to evaluate the attractiveness of debt versus stock as a source of capital to implement strategies. • Determine an appropriate dividend payout. Ghana 101 . Institute of Chartered Accountants.) MAIN TOPIC Strategy Analysis and Choice Functional Strategies SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Explain generic strategies. Evaluate corporate strategy using Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix. Apply concepts and principles in strategy analysis and choice to case studies. longterm debt and equity. Planning Grid. Profit Impact of Market Strategy (PIMS) and life cycle approaches. • Prepare lease versus buy analysis. defensive. g. • Use trend analysis and common-size analysis to assess the performance of organisations.Corporate Strategy and Governance PAPER 4. Explain alternative corporate strategies such as stable growth. • Analyse proposals for merges and acquisitions. b. • Explain the roles that venture capital and initial public offering (IPO) play in financing early stages of a company's growth. combinations. Distinguish between concentric and conglomerate diversification. f.
• Discuss the choices managers face when deciding to restructure human resources.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. • Describe the strategic choices regarding job analysis that are available to an organisation. • Identify and explain the external and internal factors that affect human resource plan. • Identify. • Discuss some of the major strategic choices regarding the performance appraisals that are available to organisation.3: Corporate Strategy and Governance (Cont’d. 102 Institute of Chartered Accountants. • Discuss the development of global brands. Marketing • Explain the importance of positioning and the strategies used to achieve it. • Explain how an organisation should select staff to support implementation of its strategy. • Explain the major consideration in designing marketing channels and how channel co-ordination is managed. explain and apply pricing strategies. • Explain the critical link between strategic management and strategic human resource management. • Explain the importance of integrated marketing communications. • Explain the importance of a marketing plan and the need to plan marketing strategies. • Explain how firms seek competitive advantage in global markets. • Analyse a company's product mix. • Relate push and pull strategies to trade and consumer promotions. Ghana . • Explain market segmentation and product positioning as a strategy implementation tools. • Explain strategies for effective recruitment and selection. • Discuss the factors that influence pricing decisions.) MAIN TOPIC Functional Strategies (Cont’d.) SYLLABUS CONTENT Human Resource • Explain the strategic decision process and relate it to human resource decisions.
Explain type of organisational structure. Discuss how an organisation can sustain its culture. b. • Discuss how business process co-engineering fit into operations improvement. Explain the issues that management confront when attempting to implement new strategies or improve the implementation of current strategies. Discuss the impact of motivational systems on strategy implementation e. k. • Explain why organisations should have operations strategy. Distinguish between centralisation and decentralisation. h. a. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Apply principle sand concepts in strategy implementation to case studies. Discuss the relationship between organisational and international culture. c. b. • Discuss the implantation issues in Total Quality Management initiatives. Define organisational culture i. i. Ghana 103 . Explain the effect of leadership on strategy implementation. Explain the nature and importance of organisational culture. j. l. Explain the various types of organisational culture j. Identify and explain the problems associated with organisational culture.Corporate Strategy and Governance PAPER 4. a.) Management Issues SYLLABUS CONTENT • Explain the role and strategic objectives of operations management. d. Explain the international issues faced by organisations in formulating their operations strategies. Explain the relationship between strategy and organisational structure.) MAIN TOPIC Functional Strategies (Cont’d.3: Corporate Strategy and Governance (Cont’d. Outline and explain the determinants of organisational culture.
b. Explain how qualitative factors influence corporate strategy. Discuss the concept and scope of corporate governance. Describe the role of government in corporate governance. Differentiate between financial an non-financial performance measures. f.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. c. Discuss how and why resistance to change develops within organisations. Evaluate change process within an organisation. Define organisational change. Describe the role of regulators in corporate governance d. g. d. c. b. the public sector and SMEs. f. Assess the motivation to change. c. a. d.) MAIN TOPIC Strategy Evaluation and Control Change Management Overview of Corporate Governance 104 SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Discuss the major participants in ensuring good corporate governance. e. Evaluate corporate strategy using Rumelt's criteria and Mickinsey's 7S Framework. Apply strategy evaluation and control to case studies: a. Analyse the impact of corporate governance on agency costs. f. e. Examine the role of board of directors in evaluating corporate strategy.3: Corporate Strategy and Governance (Cont’d. Explain potential conflict of interest — agency theory h. Examine the effectiveness of financial and nonfinancial performance measures. Explain the process of strategy evaluation. b. Ghana . i. Explain global focus on corporate governance. Explain the principles of 'effective' corporate governance. Institute of Chartered Accountants. e. Explain corporate governance in not-for-profit organisations. Evaluate the various methods of introducing change. Explain the process of organisational development.
Discuss the role of an accountant in good corporate governance. Executive and Non. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Explain the concept of Board independence under corporate governance. i. Explain the role of Board of Directors and Corporate Supervision: Roles of Chairman. a. Explain the independent board committees. c.3: Corporate Strategy and Governance (Cont’d. State the reasons why governance is needed and identify the role that governance plays in the management of a business. d. Identify the roles and responsibilities of the members of the executive board. c. b. e. Identify the key stakeholders and their governance needs for a particular business. Specify how differences in national and business cultures affect the governance of businesses.Corporate Strategy and Governance PAPER 4. Specify the policies and procedures a business should implement in order to promote an ethical culture. Ghana 105 . Why is good corporate governance important? b. h.Executive Directors and Company Secretary.) MAIN TOPIC Governance and Management Code of Best Practice in Corporate Governance SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Identify and show the distinction between the roles and responsibilities of those charged with governance and those charged with management. the audit committee and others charged with governance. e. f. any supervisory board. Discuss the code of best practices in corporate governance. Chief Executive Officer. Explain the effect of good corporate governance on strategic management. internal audit and external audit. g. Identify the roles and responsibilities of those responsible within a business for internal audit and for the external audit relationship. d.
Outline and explain the major elements of an internal control process under the following: (i) Management oversight and the control culture. Outline the need for effective Internal Audit. fraudulent. Outline and explain the duties and responsibilities of directors.3: Corporate Strategy and Governance (Cont’d. (iii) Control activities and segregation of duties. c. stealing. e. Examine the following: • Criminal Code. Outline the Objectives and Role of the Internal Control Framework. Institute of Chartered Accountants. c. Identify the main objectives of the internal control process. a. (ii) Risk recognition and assessment. e. d. other serious frauds. false pretences. a. (v) Monitoring activities and correcting deficiencies. Outline the need for effective Audit Committee.) MAIN TOPIC Directors and Officers The Role of Internal Control in Corporate Governance Legislation Relating to Fraud 106 SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Explain corporate social responsibility. breach of thrust. Discuss and explain how to align director and shareholder interests. 1960 (Act 29) Special offences. Outline ethical conduct and company directors. b. (iv) Information and communication. • Offences involving dishonesty. Ghana . b. • Financial Administration Act 2003 (Act 654) Liability and offences.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. d. Describe the reporting issues by directors and officers in managing a company.
Corporate Strategy. T. Strategic Management. C. 3. R.B. 7.A and Robinson. Mallin. Oxford University Press. Prentice Hall. J. 5. J. R.B. J. H.L. Jr. Strategic Management and Business Policy. New Jersey. Johnson. Solomon J. Exploring Corporate Strategy. Corporate Governance. 6. J. Quinne. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Mintzberg. Financial Times. Strategic Management: Awareness and Change. Irwin.Corporate Strategy and Governance RECOMMENDED/REFERENCE TEXTS 1.M (1988) The Strategy Process: Contexts and Cases. Thomson Learning. Thomspon.. and James. 9.L. Pearce II. Ghana 107 . Corporate Governance and Accountability. Pearson Education. ICAG Study Text Hunger. 8. 2. R.D and Wheelen. D. Lynch.E. 4.
All questions are compulsory. 2. interpret and apply laws and procedures relating to direct and indirect taxes in Ghana. solve practical problems which draw on the interaction of different taxes as well as case law.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. develop proposals and advise on taxation issues relating to business startups. individuals and bodies of persons. adopt best practices and professional standards when dealing with clients. Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES On completion of this paper. candidates should be able to: • • • • • • • demonstrate in-depth knowledge and understanding of the concepts and principles of taxation. understand and deal with international taxation issues. Candidates will be provided with tables of rates and allowances where relevant. 3. there might be slight variations in some instances as they serve as a guide only. SYLLABUS WEIGHTING GRID This grid shows the relative weightings of topics within this subject and should guide the relative study time spent on each. Ability to identify and avail to clients of the opportunities for minimising potential tax liability. FORMS OF EXAMINATION The examination is a three-hour paper consisting of five (5) questions. Ghana . The marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below. However. 108 Institute of Chartered Accountants.4: 1. corporate business transformations. appreciate the importance of taxation in personal and corporate financial planning and decision making.
Excise and Preventive Service (CEPS) taxes 15 Corporate taxation including tax of income from initial activities and double taxation relief 25 Fiscal policy 10 Tax planning and strategy 10 TOTAL 100 Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana 109 .Advanced tax Planning and Fiscal Policy SYLLABUS COVERAGE WEIGHTING (%) Taxes on natural resources including petroleum and mineral resources Capital gains tax 10 Individuals and non-resident individuals investing and/or deriving income from Ghana 10 Value added tax and Customs.
b. Identify tax planning schemes available under capital gains tax. Understand and discuss various revenues available to Government from Petroleum Exploration and Production. Compute capital allowances. Computation of royalty payable. d. c. f. Explain imposition of tax and calculate adjusted profits. Explain the process for preparing Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) as it applies to petroleum prospecting companies.4: Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy MAIN TOPIC Taxes on Natural Resources Including Petroleum and Mineral Resources Capital Gains Tax 110 (Cont’d. Explain the rationale underlying transactions exempted from capital gains tax. Explain disposal and acquisition of assets in relation to: • Hire purchase transaction • Part disposal • Connected persons • Consideration aspect • Death • Asset lost or destroyed • Bargains comprising two or more transactions e. a. Distinguish between deductions allowed and deductions not allowed.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Explain tax offsets and the additional tax in relation to Petroleum Exploration and Production and compute chargeable tax. Explain the provisions in the administration of mining and minerals (royalties) regulations. b. c. f. Describe the treatment of losses and the concept of adjusted profit. h.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. Explain capital gains tax in relation to stocks and shares. g. i. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Ghana . d. Explain the provisions in administration of the capital gains tax. Apply the various approaches to the determination of cost base in computing capital gains tax. e.
Describe the method of calculating VAT. q. List and explain the items that are exempted from both Service (CEPS) import duty and VAT. State and explain all penalties and sanctions which can be imposed. State and explain the procedures for obtaining Taxes exemptions. b. inheritance. p. individuals deriving income from Ghana. Examine taxation of branch profits of foreign companies. Excise and i. h. etc. Prepare personal and family tax planning schemes including provisions relating to tax clearance certificates. s. m. Preventive j. k. Identify the goods which are subject to value added Value Added tax and those which are not subject to value added tax. l. State the processes for registration and deregistration. t. estates. Institute of Chartered Accountants. List and explain: • Rules for determination of liability and method of payment for non-resident. State the criteria for compulsory registration. Describe how 'value' for customs purposes is derived. Explain the circumstances under which penalties can be imposed. n. Explain the broad principles of VAT. Explain Communication Service Tax and the Flat Rate Tax (VAT Flat Rate Scheme).4: MAIN TOPIC Individuals and Non-resident Individuals Investing and/or Deriving Income from Ghana Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy (Cont’d.Advanced tax Planning and Fiscal Policy PAPER 4. • Overseas assets of non-residents to income tax and capital gains. o. d. a. Indicate the types of records a taxpayer is required to keep.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Ghana 111 . r. Differentiate between exempt and zero rated goods. Computation of customs and excise duties. b. u. g. Evaluate the tax implications for investing in Ghana. c. State the time frame for submission of returns. Tax and Customs. Computation of Import VAT and NHIL on imports. List those who are required to register under the law and indicate whether it is possible to register voluntarily.
Basic Principles of Tax Planning: • Entity • Time period • Jurisdiction and • Character variables. Describe distributions by companies and rules relating to charges on income paid/received with/ without tax credits. Explain the following: • Double taxation relief and the transfer-pricing concept • Mergers. Compute tax liabilities of various companies (including insurance. a. acquisitions and takeover bids • Deferred taxation • The method of calculating the Tax Credit Relief • Permanent Establishment under Act 592 vis-à-vis under Double Taxation Agreements f. b.). Examine and review tax avoidance schemes.4: Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy MAIN TOPIC Corporate Taxation Including Tax of Income from Initial Activities and Double Taxation Relief Fiscal Policy 112 (Cont’d. Analyse public debt as an alternative to taxation — its causes and consequences. Evaluate the theory and practice of grants in relation to local governments. Other factors affecting tax planning: e. e. b. a. Design a scheme of tax planning for direct and indirect tax savings. e.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. Examine the macroeconomic framework for national income analysis — the Keynesian model and stabilisation policies. etc. c. Explain the use and application of taxation as a tool of fiscal policy to stabilise the economy. Ghana . d. b. Discuss the pros and cons of Double Taxation Agreements. c.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. d. transporters. legislative and judicial restrictions. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Examine intergovernmental fiscal relations and Ghana's experience with revenue allocation.g.
f. 2001 (I. 2006 (Act 703).4: MAIN TOPIC Tax Planning and Strategy Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy (Cont’d. Mineral (Royalties) Regulations. with Amendments. V. corporate. b.A. VAT Regulation Act. with Amendments. d. Basic principles of Tax Planning: • Entity • Time period • Jurisdiction and • Character variables. Principles. Black Mask Ltd. with Amendments. Approaches to availing a business of tax incentives. Income Tax. 1998 (L1 1646). ICAG Manual on Taxation. h. RELEVANT LEGISLATION CEPS (Management) Law 1993 (PNDCL 330). etc. Incentives available to Free Zones Companies. Internal Revenue Act 2000 (Act 592). g. 1987 (L1 1349). Tax incentives for various business sectors and their influence in business set up options. with Amendments.I. Ghana 113 . e. 3. 4. EDA Publications.K. Adjabeng Sefa. legislative and judicial restrictions c. VAT Act 1998 (Act 546). etc.e. Taxation in Ghana. 2. with Amendments. E.Advanced tax Planning and Fiscal Policy PAPER 4. A. 5. Dua Agyeman. Tax strategies for new businesses in relation to organisational forms. Principles. 6. Akakpo. partnership and single proprietorship formations. Notes and exercises on Ghana Income Tax. Ali-Nakyea. Employee compensation strategies. Concepts and Practice of Taxation. Practice and Planning.g. Minerals and Mining Act. Gains Tax. Internal Revenue Regulations. Basic tax consequences of entity choice i. RECOMMENDED/REFERENCE TEXTS 1. Kunbuor. Ghana Tax Law Primer. Gift Tax and Capital. 1675). Institute of Chartered Accountants. B.) SYLLABUS CONTENT a. Other factors affecting tax planning: e.
Communication Service Tax Act. 1995 (Act 504). 1987 (PNDCL 188). 1994 (Act 478). 114 Institute of Chartered Accountants.4: Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy National Health Insurance Act. 2003 (Act 650). Ghana Investment Promotion Centre Act.) . Revenue Agencies Governing Board Act.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 4. 1998 (Act 558). Petroleum Income Tax Law. Ghana (Cont’d. Free Zone Act.
Institute of Charteredd Accountants. Holders of university degrees (other than those specified in (1) above) and comparable professional qualifications recognized by the Institute would be granted exemption on subject by subject basis on the merit of subjects passed as indicated on the academic transcript.HND Accounting Option .Transitional Arrangements THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS . Holders of any second degree from recognized Universities. irrespective of the programme pursued. Ghana 115 . Diploma in Business Studies [DBS] awarded by Technical Examinations Division of Ghana Education Service does not qualify for this exemption 3. They therefore start writing the examination at part 2 5.University Degree in Accountancy . Part 4 papers are to be written and passed by all students. They may also be exempted from specific subjects in part 3 based on subjects passed in the masters programme. 4. as indicated on the academic transcript.GAT/ATSWA 2 Holders of any Diploma certificate from recognized tertiary institutions are exempted from Part 1 of the qualifying examinations. Holders of masters degree (accounting option) awarded by recognized universities would be granted exemption from Parts 1 and 2. Holders of the following qualifications (awarded by recognised institutions) are exempted from Parts 1and 2 of the qualifying examinations: . are exempted from Part 1 of the qualifying examinations.GHANA REVIEW OF QUALIFYING EXAMINATIONS SYLLABUS .MAY 2010 1. 6 Exemptions would not be extended to any paper in Part 4.
3 Economics 1.1 Financial Reporting 2.2 Advanced Auditing and Professional Ethics 3.7 Strategic Management 3.1 Corporate Reporting Strategy 4.6 Audit & Internal Review 3.1 Financial Accounting Fundamentals 1.5 MIS & Business Systems Part3 2.2 Audit & Internal Review 2.4 Financial Management Part 3 Part 4 3.3 Financial Management Strategy 4.3 Business And Corporate Law 2.4 MIS & Business Systems Part 2 Part 2 2.2 Business Management 1.3 Economics 1.1 Advanced Financial Reporting 3.4 Business Law 1.4 Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy 116 Institute of Charteredd Accountants.1 Financial Accounting Practice 2.2 Business Management 1.3 Company Law 2.3 Cost & Management Accounting 3.2 Assurance And Audit Practice 4.1 Quantitative Tools in Management 2. Ghana .4 Taxation 2.4 Advanced Tax Planning And Fiscal Policy 4.2 Management Accounting & Control 2.1 Accounting Foundations 1.3 Corporate Strategy and Governance 3.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PROPOSED TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Old Scheme New Scheme Part 1 Part 1 1.4 Principle And Practice of Taxation 2.2 Public Sector Accounting 3.
4.3 Business & Corporate Law in the scheme.2: Advanced Auditing and Professional Ethics and 4. A pass in 2. II.2: Public Sector Accounts and 3.7: Strategic Management earns a candidate 4. A pass in 2.4 Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy would have to write and pass 4. III.1: Advanced Financial Reporting in the new scheme to complete the exams.2: Assurance & Audit Practice would have to write and pass 4.2: Management Accounting & Control earns a candidate passes in 2.4 : Financial Management to complete part 3.1: Financial Accounting Practice earns a candidate a pass in 3. Management Accounting and Quantitative Techniques iii.2 in the old scheme would have passed Costing. A pass in 2. This is because any candidate who has passed 2.1: Corporate Reporting Strategy would have to write 4. 2 and 3.6: Audit & Internal Review earns a candidate 2. A candidate who has a referral in 3. A candidate who has a referral in 3. Ghana 117 .2 Audit & Internal Review in the new syllabus v. Financial Management (New Scheme) to complete the qualifying exams. Part 2 and 3 i.Transitional Arrangements Part 1 A student who has written and passed all papers in Part 1 of the old scheme would be exempted from the entire Part 1 of the new scheme.4: Business Strategy and Governance to complete the qualifying examinations.4. a candidate who has completed Parts 1 and 2 of the old syllabus would be exempted from Parts 1. Part 4 I. iv. A pass in 2. This means that he/she would move to part 2 of the new scheme. A candidate who has a referral in 3.1 Financial Reporting ii.3: Cost & Management Accounting . He would then move to part 4 to write 4.1: Quantitative Techniques and 3.3: Business Strategy & Governance in the new syllabus Thus. 1Financial Reporting .3: Cost and Management Accounting.3: Company and Partnership Law earns a candidate 2. IV.1: Advanced Financial Reporting. Institute of Charteredd Accountants. 3.3: Financial Management Strategy would have to write and pass 3. A candidate who has a referral in 3.2 Advanced Auditing & Professional Ethics to complete the exams. He would have to write and pass 3. A pass in 2.4: Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy (new Scheme) to complete the qualifying exams.
4.1 Financial Reporting 3.2 Business Management 1.1 Financial Accounting Fundamentals 1. TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR FULLY PASSED PART Those Passed in PART 1 PART 2 118 Are Exempted From Will write and Pass 1.2 Public Sector Accounting 3.4 Advanced Taxation and Fiscal Policies to complete Part 4 Institute of Charteredd Accountants.4 MIS & Business Systems Proceed to Part 2 through to Part 4 2. 4. A candidate who has attempted Part 3(old Scheme) but could neither pass nor obtain a referral would have to write and pass 3.1 Advanced Financial Reporting.3 Business and Corporate Law 2. Ghana .4 Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy (new Scheme) to complete the qualifying exams.1 Quantitative Techniques 2.4 Financial Management (New Scheme).4 Financial Management To complete part 3 and then proceed to part four to write papers 4.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations V.3 Corporate Strategy and Governance 3.4 Principles and Practice of Taxation 3. 4.1 Advanced Financial Reporting 4.3 Economics 1.2 Advanced Auditing & Professional Ethics.2 Audit and Internal Review 2.2 Advanced Auditing and Professional Ethics 4.3 Cost and Management Accounting 4.
1 Financial Accounting Fundamentals 1.1: Financial Accounting Fundamentals 1. Ghana 119 .3 Economics 1.3 Economics 1.2 Business Management 1.3 Economics 1.4 Business Law 1.1 Financial Accounting Fundamentals 1.2 Business Management 1.4 MIS & Business Systems All papers in Part 1 And then proceed to part 2 Institute of Charteredd Accountants.2 Business Management 1.4 MIS & Business Systems And then proceed to Part 2 1.2 Business Management 1.3 Economics No Exemption 1.1 Accounting Foundations 1.4 MIS & Business Systems And then proceed to Part 2 1.Transitional Arrangements TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR PARTLY PASSED PART Part 1 OLD SCHEME NEW SCHEME NEW SCHEME Those Passed in Are Exempted from Will Write and pass 1.
5 MIS & Business Systems 1.3 Business and Corporate Law To complete part 2 before proceeding to Part 3 All Part 2 subjects before proceeding to part 3.2 Audit and Internal Review 2. Ghana 2. 2.1 Financial Accounting Practice 3. 2.2 Management Accounting & Control 2.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations Part 2 OLD SCHEME NEW SCHEME NEW SCHEME Those passed in Are exempted from Will write and pass 2.1 Quantitative Techniques .1 Quantitative Techniques 2.3 Business and Corporate Law 2.1 Quantitative Tools in Business 2.4 MIS & Business Systems 2.1 Quantitative Tools in Business 3.4 Principles and Practice of Taxation To complete Part 2 before proceeding to Part 3.2 Audit and Internal Review 120 Institute of Charteredd Accountants.3 Cost and Management Accounting 2.2 Audit and Internal Review 2.1 Financial Reporting All Part 2 subjects before proceeding to part 3.3 Company and Partnership 2.4 Principles and Practice of Taxation To complete part 2 before proceeding to Part 3 2. 2.4 Taxation 2.6 Audit & Internal Review 2.3 Business and Corporate Law 2.4 Principles and Practice of Taxation 2.2 Audit and Internal Review 2.
4 Principles and Practice of Taxation To complete part 2 before proceeding to Part 3 All Part 2 subjects before proceeding to part 3. Institute of Charteredd Accountants.7 Strategic 2.6 Audit & Internal Review (cont’d) 2.2 Audit and Internal Review (cont’d) 4.3 Corporate Strategy Management and Governance 2. Ghana 121 .3 Business and Corporate Law 2.Transitional Arrangements 2.
3 Corporate Strategy And Governance 4.1 Advanced Financial Reporting 4.3 Corporate Strategy And Ethics Governance 4.1 Advanced Financial 4.4 Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy 4.2 Advanced Auditing And Professional Ethics 4.4 Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy .3 Corporate Strategy And Reporting Strategy Reporting Governance 4.1 Advanced Financial 4.4 Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy 3.4 Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy 122 4.2 Assurance and Audit Practice 3.2 Advanced Auditing Reporting and Professional 4.1 Corporate 4.3 Financial Management Strategy 4.1 Advanced Financial Reporting 4.2 Advanced Auditing And Professional Ethics 3.2 Advanced Auditing And Professional Ethics 4. Ghana 3.Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations Part 3 Referred In Are Exempted From Will Write and Pass 4.3 Financial Management 4.3 Corporate Strategy And Governance Institute of Charteredd Accountants.4 Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy 4.
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