Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/RU184951U1/en
Timestamp: 2020-02-17 02:36:29
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RU184951U1 - Device for osteosynthesis of distal radial bone fractures - Google Patents
Device for osteosynthesis of distal radial bone fractures Download PDF
RU184951U1
RU184951U1 RU2018117912U RU2018117912U RU184951U1 RU 184951 U1 RU184951 U1 RU 184951U1 RU 2018117912 U RU2018117912 U RU 2018117912U RU 2018117912 U RU2018117912 U RU 2018117912U RU 184951 U1 RU184951 U1 RU 184951U1
RU2018117912U
Константин Александрович Гражданов
Олег Андреевич Кауц
федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава России)
2018-05-15 Application filed by федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава России) filed Critical федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава России)
2018-05-15 Priority to RU2018117912U priority Critical patent/RU184951U1/en
2018-11-15 Publication of RU184951U1 publication Critical patent/RU184951U1/en
The utility model relates to the field of medical equipment used in traumatology in the surgical treatment of fractures of the distal radius of the bone to ensure stable and reliable fixation of bone fragments. The device consists of osseous and diaphyseal vertically elongated parts. The transition of the osseous to the diaphyseal part is made stepwise with the possibility of installing the latter intramedullary in the medullary canal of the bone. The osseous part is a rectangular plate with rounded edges and holes along the same level for locking screws. The diaphyseal part of the device has the shape of a pointed rod made at a distance of about 20 mm from the transition point bifurcated towards its proximal end with the formation of two elements of the type of petals. In the middle part of the latter there is an oval groove for the conical screw to ensure the separation of the petals relative to each other when it is inserted with the possibility of blocking the position of the device inside the bone marrow canal of the bone. Using the device will allow you to perform reliable and stable osteosynthesis of bone fragments, ensuring minimal trauma to the surgical intervention, which will significantly reduce the risk of postoperative complications and the duration of the rehabilitation period. 1 ave., 2 ill.
The utility model relates to the field of medical equipment used in traumatology in the surgical treatment of fractures of the distal radius of the bone to ensure stable and reliable fixation of bone fragments.
Fracture of the radius is a fairly common traumatological pathology, which is found according to studies conducted in Russia and abroad in almost 50% of the total number of bone fractures of the free upper limb. The distal end of the radius consists mainly of spongy bone tissue and has the smallest thickness of the cortical layer compared with the diaphysis, as a result of which fractures of the distal part of the radius are much more common, namely in more than 75% of the total number of pathologies of this bone segment and are often called radial fractures "in a typical place." The vast majority of the occurrence of this damage is observed in people of working age who for a long time are unable to perform their professional and daily activities.
Currently, the main method for treating fractures of the forearm bones in the distal section is closed manual reduction of bone fragments under local anesthesia and gypsum immobilization, however, statistics of conservative treatment results show that secondary mixing of fragments in a gypsum dressing occurs in 23.8-42% of cases. adversely affecting the function of the damaged segment.
In connection with the foregoing and given the enormous functional significance of this bone segment, more and more doctors have recently been inclined towards surgical treatment of fractures of the distal radius of the bone with the provision of stable fixation of bone fragments relative to each other through various metal structures - external and internal, the use of which in turn, it allows to minimize the occurrence of secondary displacement and significantly reduce the time for rehabilitation iodine.
There are various devices for percutaneous fixation of a fracture of the distal radius of the radius [SU copyright certificate for invention No. 1050693, RU patents for invention No. 2266073, 2299034, 2379000, 2422113, 2912805, CN 203425011, US 5885282, 6162223] by means of knitting needles or rods fixed in elements of external fixation. The use of these structures is characterized by performing a closed reposition of bone fragments.
However, it is impossible to achieve a full comparison of bone fragments, in most cases, due to the presence of pronounced edema of the limb, which significantly complicates the process of palpation. In the case of a comminuted fracture of the distal radius, it is very difficult to carry out even an imperfect comparison of fragments in a closed reposition.
Also known is an intramedullary device for treating fractures of the distal radius of the radius [US Patent No. 6527775], made in the form of a cylindrical pin of a curved shape adequate to the bending of the medullary canal of the radius with openings on both ends for blocking screws.
The installation of this rod is performed through surgical mini-access in the area of the outer lateral surface of the radius, which significantly reduces the invasiveness of the surgical intervention. At the same time, the complicated shape of the pin requires preliminary preparation of the bone marrow canal with a rasp with complex blades, which is accompanied by an increase in the possibility of circulatory disorders and necrosis, as well as with an increased risk of infectious complications leading to delayed consolidation with nonunion of fractures and cracking of fragments. When a pin is inserted through the styloid process of the radius, the distal fragment is often destroyed, especially in comminuted fractures. The use of a single fixing element in the area of the distal fragments of the radius does not always provide reliable fixation, since, in most cases, fractures of the distal radius of the radius are comminuted.
In the literature and in the catalogs of manufactured medical products a variety of bone devices for fixation of fractures of the distal radius of the bone are presented [patents for inventions RU No. 2238691, US No. 2018049787, 20170231673,2014214089, 20130204307, 20060074363, CN No. 206880725, 107459965, 20510, 20545205, 20510, 20545205, 20545 WO No.2012050424, 2013095193, utility model patent RU No. 116335] in the form of plates with various shapes, bends, number and location of holes for locking screws. These osseous plates provide reliable fixation due to several screws inserted into the distal fragment and securely attached to the diaphysis with 3-4 screws. However, the need to perform the installation of the allocation of the diaphyseal part of the proximal fragment for 5-6 cm significantly increases the invasiveness of the surgical intervention, increases the risk of damage to blood vessels and nerves, as well as the occurrence of purulent complications. At the same time, when the installation of bone plates in the formation of post-traumatic scars, the largest number of tissues is involved, which entails the emergence of complications in the restoration of movements in the joint in the postoperative period.
The closest analogue of the claimed utility model by the totality of coinciding features can be considered a T-shaped plate for the treatment of the distal radius of the radius with holes for the locking screws [see information material, DePuy catalog]. However, this plate has the above disadvantages of the bone retainers.
The objective of the claimed utility model is the development of a fixative for the treatment of fractures of the distal radius of the bone, the use of which will allow reliable and stable osteosynthesis of bone fragments, ensuring minimal trauma to the surgical intervention, which will significantly reduce the risk of postoperative complications and the duration of the rehabilitation period.
The essence of the claimed utility model lies in the fact that in the device for osteosynthesis of fractures of the distal radius of the radial bone in the form of a osseous part, which is a rectangular plate with rounded edges and holes located along the same level for locking screws passing into the diaphyseal vertically elongated part, the transition of the plate into the diaphyseal part is stepwise, providing the possibility of installing the latter intramedullary in the medullary canal of the bone, while the diaphysis part has t the shape of a pointed rod, made at a distance of about 20 mm from the transition point bifurcated towards its proximal end with the formation of two elements of the type of petals, in the middle part of which there is an oval groove under the conical screw to ensure the separation of the petals relative to each other when it is inserted with the possibility blocking the position of the device inside the medullary canal of the bone.
The technical result of the claimed utility model.
The combination of the use of various types of osteosynthesis - bone and intramedullary using only one device allows the most reliable and stable fixation of bone fragments relative to each other. One of the main advantages of this combination is the low-invasiveness of the intervention due to the need to perform when installing the inventive device only the minimum incision through the least dangerous zone, namely the back surface of the brush. It also significantly reduces the risk of neurovascular damage. High strength of fixation of fragments is ensured, on the one hand, by the optimal location of the holes for locking screws in the osseous part and its shape, covering the entire distal radius of the radius, and, on the other hand, due to the tight fit of the outer surface of the lobes of the diaphyseal part to the inner cortical layer of the bone by diluting them in opposite directions relative to each other during insertion of the cortical conical screw into the projection of the oval groove. The pointed end of the shaft of the diaphyseal part allows the device to be installed in the medullary canal of the bone without additional technological preparation, minimally injuring the inner cortical layer.
The inventive utility model is illustrated using FIG. 1-2, in which: FIG. 1 is a general view of a device for osteosynthesis of distal radial bone fractures, FIG. 2 is a side view. In FIG. 1-2 positions 1-5 are indicated:
1 - the bone part;
2 - diaphyseal part;
3 - transition of the osseous part into the diaphyseal;
4 - holes for locking screws in the osseous part;
5 - oval groove.
A device for osteosynthesis of fractures of the distal radius of the radius consists of bone 1 and diaphyseal 2 vertically elongated parts. The transition 3 of the osseous 1 into the diaphyseal 2 part is made stepwise with the possibility of installing the latter intramedullary in the medullary canal of the bone. The osseous part 1 is a rectangular plate with rounded edges and holes 4 for locking screws located along it at the same level, in most cases four holes for screws with a diameter of 2.7 mm. To simplify the installation of screws and increase the stability of fixation in the osseous part 1, the holes 4 are made with angular stability. The diaphyseal part 2 of the device has the shape of a pointed rod made at a distance of about 20 mm from the transition point 3 bifurcated towards its proximal end with the formation of two elements like petals. In the middle part of the latter there is an oval groove 5 for a conical screw to ensure the separation of the petals relative to each other when it is inserted with the possibility of blocking the position of the device inside the bone marrow canal of the bone.
A device for osteosynthesis of fractures of the distal radius is used as follows.
During surgery, access to the site of the fracture is made through an incision made on the back surface of the lower third of the forearm at the level of the distal metaepiphysis of the radius in the projection of the fracture about 40 mm long. In the open reposition mode, a comparison of the fragments of the distal radius is performed with the fixation of the fracture zone using the design claimed in this application. To do this, the diaphyseal part of the structure is introduced into the medullary canal of the proximal fragment of the radial bone, while the bifurcated portion of the rod is in a reduced state. After the diaphyseal part is introduced into the bone marrow cavity, the petals are partially diluted relative to each other due to the elastic properties of the metal. After that, the final reposition of the fragments of the radius is performed, while ensuring the location of the proximal fragment opposite the osseous part of the device on the back surface of the distal metaepiphysis of the radius. The position of the distal fragment is fixed by inserting three locking screws into the holes of the osseous part. Then, using a navigation system, a channel is formed in the proximal fragment of the radius bone transversely through two cortical layers in the projection of the oval groove of the diaphyseal part. A cortical conical screw is inserted into the formed canal, which, passing through the oval groove, dilates the lobes of the diaphyseal part to their stop in the inner cortical layer of the bone, blocking the position of the device inside the bone marrow canal of the bone. The osteosynthesis of a distal radial fracture is completed by introducing a fourth locking screw into the opening of the osseous part of the device for the final fixation of bone fragments. After x-ray control, the wound is sutured in layers. In the postoperative period carry out additional immobilization of the wrist joint in the splint for 3-4 weeks.
Experimental samples of products with various types and sizes were simulated. After testing the devices on mock-ups that reproduce the anatomy and architectonics of the wrist joint in patients with fractures of the distal radius, the validity of using the combination of the claimed design features of the claimed design was proved.
A device for osteosynthesis of fractures of the distal radius of the radial bone in the form of a osseous part, which is a rectangular plate with rounded edges and holes located along the same level for locking screws, turning into a diaphyseal vertically elongated part, characterized in that the plate transitions into the diaphyseal part with the possibility of installing the latter intramedullary in the medullary canal of the bone, while the diaphyseal part has the shape of a pointed rod made at a distance of about 20 mm from the transition point bifurcated towards its proximal end with the formation of two elements of the type of lobes, in the middle part of which there is an oval groove for a conical screw to ensure the lobes are apart relative to each other when it is inserted with the possibility of blocking the position of the device inside the bone marrow canal bone.
RU2018117912U 2018-05-15 2018-05-15 Device for osteosynthesis of distal radial bone fractures RU184951U1 (en)
RU2018117912U RU184951U1 (en) 2018-05-15 2018-05-15 Device for osteosynthesis of distal radial bone fractures
RU184951U1 true RU184951U1 (en) 2018-11-15
ID=64325293
RU (1) RU184951U1 (en)
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