Source: http://loc.gov/law/help/australia-terrorism-laws/control-orders.php
Timestamp: 2018-01-21 14:35:44
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Australia: Terrorism Laws: Control Orders | Law Library of Congress
The Library of Congress > Law Library > Research & Reports > Legal Reports > Australia: Terrorism Laws: Control Orders
Australia: Terrorism Laws: Control Orders
Australia has a legislative basis for Control Orders, which are used to impose obligations, prohibitions, or restrictions on persons as deemed necessary to protect the public from terrorist acts. Control Orders may be requested by the Australian Federal Police. The procedures governing Control Orders, the types of controls that may be imposed, and applicable time frames are set forth in the Criminal Code Act. An initial Interim Control Order, issued with the Attorney-General’s consent, only becomes a Confirmed Control Order upon the court’s approval, following a hearing at which the subject of the order is allowed to rebut the evidence. The Act provides streamlined procedures for urgent circumstances.
To obtain an Interim Control Order a “senior member” of the AFP[7] must obtain the consent of the Attorney-General and apply to an Issuing Court.[8] To obtain the Attorney-General’s consent the AFP must provide the Attorney-General with a draft of the proposed Interim Control Order and include a statement of relevant facts (including information about any previous Control Orders or preventative detentions of the subject of the order); an explanation of each obligation, prohibition, and restriction within the Control Order; and a summary of the grounds for the basis of the order.[9]
The Issuing Court has discretion regarding what obligations or restrictions requested by the AFP are included in the order.[30] In determining what obligations are necessary the Court must consider the impact of the obligations on the subject’s circumstances.[31] The Court may also require that the person wear a tracking device, undertake regular reporting, be photographed and fingerprinted,[32]and (with the subject’s agreement) take part in education or counseling.[33]
[1] Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 104.1, http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2014C00196. Further information on Australian Control Orders is available in BRONWEN JAGGERS, ANTI-TERRORISM CONTROL ORDERS IN AUSTRALIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM: A COMPARISON, Research Paper no. 28 2007–08 (Law and Bills Digest Section, Australian Parliamentary Library, Apr. 29, 2008), http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2007-08/08rp28.pdf. (link updated June 27, 2014).
[2] Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) Division 104. (citation corrected June 27, 2014)
[3] Thomas v. Mowbray [2007] HCA 33 (2 Aug. 2007).
[4] Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) §§ 104.2, 104.3.
[5] Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 104.5(1)(e).
[6] Id. § 104.15(3).
[7] A senior AFP member means the Commissioner or Deputy Commissioner of the Australian Federal Police, or an Australian Federal Police member of or above the rank of Superintendent. Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 100.1.
[8] Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 104.2, 104.3. An Issuing Court is the Federal Court of Australia, the Family Court of Australia, or the Federal Magistrates Court. Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 100.1.
[9] Id. § 104.2(3).
[10] Id. §§ 104.6-104.9.
[11] Id. § 104.10.
[12] Id. §§ 104.6(4), 104.7(5), 104.9(3).
[13] Id. § 100.1.
[14] Id. § 104.4(1).
[15] Id. § 104.4(1).
[16] Id. § 104.12A.
[17] Id. § 104.12A(2).
[18] Id. § 104.12A(4).
[19] Id. § 104.12A(2).
[20] Id. § 104.12A(3). In general, information required under the Act to be disclosed for an Interim or Confirmed Control Order need not be disclosed if disclosure is likely to prejudice national security within the meaning of the National Security Information (Criminal and Civil Proceedings) Act 2004. Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) §§ 104.2 (3A), 104.5 (2A), 104.12A(3), 104.23(3A). In general, use of national security classified information within court proceedings is governed by the National Security Information (Criminal Proceedings) Act 2004 (Cth).
[21] Thus, the order is considered never to have been in force. Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) §§ 104.14(6), 104.15(1).
[22] Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 104.14(7). In considering what is reasonable the court must consider the impact of the obligations or restrictions on the person’s circumstances, including financial and personal circumstances. Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 104.4(2).
[23] Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 104.14(1).
[24] Id. §§ 104.15(3), 104.16.
[25] Id. § 104.5(1)(d).
[26] Id. § 104.17.
[27] Id. § 104.5(1)(f).
[28] Id. § 104.16(2).
[29] Id. §104.28.
[30] Id. § 104.4(3).
[31] Id. § 104.4(2).
[32] Id. § 104.5(3). Photographs and fingerprints must only be used to confirm compliance with the order. Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 104.22.
[33] Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) § 104.5(3)(l).
[34] Id. §§ 104.5(3), 104.16.
[35] Id. § 104.5(3).
[36] Id. § 104.5(5).
[37] Id. §§ 104.23-104.24.
[38] Id. § 104.18.
[39] Id. § 104.21.
[40] Id. § 104.22.
[41] Id. § 104.19.
[42] Id. § 104.29.
[43] Id. § 104.30.
[44] Id. § 104.27.