Source: http://www.google.cl/patents/US8791599
Timestamp: 2017-12-16 14:59:35
Document Index: 107362290

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 2006269374', 'Application No. 2007349874', 'Application No. 2009246310', 'Application No. 2010200044', 'Application No. 2011203137', 'Application No. 2011232776', 'Application No. 2011232776', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 200680032299', 'Application No. 200680032299', 'Application No. 200680032299', 'Application No. 200780053126', 'Application No. 200780053126', 'Application No. 200780053126', 'Application No. 200980127634', 'Application No. 201010214681', 'Application No. 201010214681', 'Application No. 201010214681', 'Application No. 201010214681', 'Application No. 201010214681', 'Application No. 201110185992', 'Application No. 201110185992', 'Application No. 201110311000', 'Application No. 201110311000', 'Application No. 06', 'Application No. 06', 'Application No. 06', 'Application No. 06', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 2006269374', 'Application No. 2008', 'Application No. 2010', 'Application No. 2011', 'Application No. 2011', 'Application No. 2011', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 2011', 'Application No. 2011', 'Application No. 2011']

Patent US8791599 - Wireless energy transfer to a moving device between high-Q resonators - Google Patents
Described herein are embodiments of a first resonator with a quality factor, Q1, greater than 100, coupled to an energy source, generating an oscillating near field region, and a second resonator, with a quality factor, Q2, greater than 100, optionally coupled to an energy drain, and moving freely within...http://www.google.cl/patents/US8791599?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8791599 - Wireless energy transfer to a moving device between high-Q resonators
Publication number US8791599 B2
Also published as CA2615123A1, CA2615123C, CN101258658A, CN101258658B, CN101860089A, CN101860089B, CN102255398A, CN102255398B, CN102983639A, CN102983639B, EP1902505A2, EP2306615A2, EP2306615A3, EP2306616A2, EP2306616A3, US7741734, US8022576, US8076800, US8084889, US8395282, US8395283, US8400018, US8400019, US8400020, US8400021, US8400022, US8400023, US8400024, US8760007, US8760008, US8766485, US8772971, US8772972, US9065286, US9450421, US20070222542, US20090195332, US20090195333, US20090267709, US20090267710, US20100096934, US20100102639, US20100102640, US20100102641, US20100117455, US20100123353, US20100123354, US20100123355, US20100127573, US20100127574, US20100127575, US20100133918, US20100133919, US20100133920, US20100187911, US20100207458, US20110043046, US20150048676, US20150188321, US20160380481, WO2007008646A2, WO2007008646A3
Publication number 12649635, 649635, US 8791599 B2, US 8791599B2, US-B2-8791599, US8791599 B2, US8791599B2
Patent Citations (397), Non-Patent Citations (203), Referenced by (6), Classifications (19), Legal Events (4)
US 8791599 B2
a first resonator having a resonant frequency ω1 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1) greater than 100, and configured to be coupled to an energy source to generate an oscillating near field region; and
a second resonator having a resonant frequency ω2 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with an intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2) greater than 100, and configured to move freely within the near field region of the first resonator,
wherein the first resonator and the second resonator are configured to be coupled to transfer electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator when the first resonator is coupled to the energy source as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region, and
further comprising the energy source configured to be coupled to the first resonator and an energy drain configured to be coupled to the second resonator to provide useful power to the energy drain, and wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that varies with a rate of wireless energy transfer κ between the first resonator and the second resonator.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially minimizes the energy stored in the first resonator and the second resonator.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially maximizes a ratio of the useful power to lost power from the energy source to the energy drain.
providing a first resonator having a resonant frequency ω1 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1) greater than 100, coupled to an energy source, generating an oscillating near field region; and
providing a second resonator having a resonant frequency ω2 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with an intrinsic quality factor Q2=∩2/(2Γ2), greater than 100, and moving freely within the near field region of the first resonator,
wherein the first resonator and the second resonator are coupled to transfer electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region,
wherein an energy drain is coupled to the second resonator to provide useful power to the energy drain, and the method further comprises providing energy to the first resonator at a rate that varies with a rate of wireless energy transfer κ between the first resonator and the second resonator.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein near field of the near field region is a magnetic field.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein near field of the near field region is an electromagnetic field.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the energy source provides energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially minimizes the energy stored in the first resonator and the second resonator.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the energy source provides energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially maximizes a ratio of the useful power to lost power from the energy source to the energy drain.
a first resonator having a resonant frequency ω1 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), and configured to be coupled to an energy source to generate a near field region comprising an oscillating magnetic field; and
a second resonator having a resonant frequency ω2 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with an intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2), and configured to move freely within the near field region of the first resonator,
wherein the first resonator and the second resonator are configured to be coupled to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator when the first resonator is coupled to the energy source as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region,
wherein √{square root over (Q1Q2)}>100, and
14. The system of claim 13, where Q1>100 and Q2>100.
15. The system of claim 13, further comprising an energy drain coupled to the second resonator.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the energy drain comprises a robot, vehicle, computer, cell phone, or a portable electronic device.
17. The system of claim 13, further comprising a third resonator, optionally coupled to an energy drain, located at a variable distance from the first resonator, and wherein the first resonator and the third resonator are coupled to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy from the first resonator to the third resonator.
18. The system of claim 13, further comprising a third resonator, optionally coupled to an external power supply, located at a variable distance from the second resonator, and wherein the third resonator and the second resonator are coupled to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy from the third resonator to the second resonator.
19. The system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the resonators is a tunable resonator.
20. The system of claim 13, wherein the energy transfer in the near-field region occurs over a range of distances that includes 5 cm.
21. The system of claim 13, wherein the energy transfer in the near-field region occurs over a range of distances that includes 10 cm.
22. The system of claim 13, wherein the energy transfer in the near-field region occurs over a range of distances that includes 30 cm.
23. The system of claim 13, wherein the efficiency of the wireless energy transfer is at least 20% over a range of distances in the near-field region.
24. The system of claim 13, further comprising a feedback mechanism coupled to at least one of the resonators to correct for detuning.
25. The system of claim 13, wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially minimizes the energy stored in the first resonator and the second resonator.
26. The system of claim 13, wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially maximizes a ratio of the useful power to lost power from the energy source to the energy drain.
27. The system of claim 13, where Q1>200 and Q2>200.
28. The system of claim 13, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component.
further comprising the energy drain coupled to the second resonator, and wherein the power supply and energy drain are configured to be driven to increase the ratio of useful-to-lost power for varying wireless energy transfer rates κ between the first resonator and the second resonator.
a second resonator having a resonant frequency ω2 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ2 and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with an intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2), and configured to move freely within the near field region of the first resonator,
wherein the first resonator and second resonator are configured to be adjustably tuned to increase the ratio of useful-to-lost power for varying wireless energy transfer rates κ between the first resonator and the second resonator.
providing a first resonator having a resonant frequency ω1 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), coupled to an energy source, generating a near field region comprising an oscillating magnetic field; and
providing a second resonator having a resonant frequency ω1 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), and moving freely within the near field region of the first resonator,
wherein the first resonator and the second resonator are coupled to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region,
32. The method of claim 31, where Q1>100 and Q2>100.
33. The method of claim 31, wherein an energy drain is coupled to the second resonator.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the energy drain comprises a robot, vehicle, computer, cell phone, or a portable electronic device.
35. The method of claim 31, wherein a third resonator is optionally coupled to an energy drain and is located at a variable distance from the first resonator, and further comprising wirelessly transferring electromagnetic energy from the first resonator to the third resonator.
36. The method of claim 31, wherein a third resonator is optionally coupled to an external power supply and is located at a variable distance from the second resonator, and further comprising wirelessly transferring electromagnetic energy from the third resonator to the second resonator.
37. The method system of claim 31, wherein at least one of the resonators is a tunable resonator.
38. The method of claim 31, wherein the energy transfer in the near-field region occurs over a range of distances that includes 5 cm.
39. The method of claim 31, wherein the energy transfer in the near-field region occurs over a range of distances that includes 10 cm.
40. The method of claim 31, wherein the energy transfer in the near-field region occurs over a range of distances that includes 30 cm.
41. The method of claim 31, wherein the efficiency of the wireless energy transfer is at least 20% over a range of distances in the near-field region.
42. The method of claim 31, wherein a feedback mechanism is coupled to at least one of the resonators to correct for detuning.
43. The method of claim 31, wherein the energy source provides energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially minimizes the energy stored in the first resonator and the second resonator.
44. The method of claim 31, wherein the energy source provides energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially maximizes a ratio of the useful power to lost power from the energy source to the energy drain.
45. The method of claim 31, where Q1>200 and Q2>200.
46. The method of claim 31, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component.
wherein the energy drain is coupled to the second resonator, and wherein the power supply and energy drain are driven to increase the ratio of useful-to-lost power for varying wireless energy transfer rates κ between the first resonator and the second resonator.
wherein the first resonator and second resonator are adjustably tuned to increase the ratio of useful-to-lost power for varying wireless energy transfer rates κ between the first resonator and the second resonator.
ⅆ a 1 ⅆ t = - ⅈ ( ω 1 - ⅈ Γ 1 ) a 1 + ⅈκ 11 a 1 + ⅈ κ 12 a 2 ⅆ a 2 ⅆ t = - ⅈ ( ω 2 - ⅈ Γ 2 ) a 2 + ⅈκ 22 a 2 + ⅈ κ 21 a 1 , ( 1 )
An extremely important implication of the above fact relates to safety considerations for human beings. Humans are also non-magnetic and can sustain strong magnetic fields without undergoing any risk. This is clearly an advantage of this class of resonant systems for many real-world applications. On the other hand, dielectric systems of high (effective) index have the advantages that their efficiencies seem to be higher, judging from the larger achieved values of ∈/Γ, and that they are also applicable to much smaller length-scales, as mentioned before.
2 "Air Power—Wireless data connections are common—now scientists are working on wireless power", by Stephen Cass, Sponsored by Spectrum, (See http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/air-power) (Nov. 2006).
3 "Automatic Recharging, From a Distance" by Anne Eisenberg, The New York Times, (see www.nytimes.com/2012/03/11/business/built-in-wireless-chargeing-for-electronic-devices.html?-r=0) (published on Mar. 10, 2012).
6 "How Wireless Charging Will Make Life Simpler (and Greener)" by David Ferris, Forbes (See forbes.com/sites/davidferris/2012/07/24/how-wireless-charging-will-make-life-simpler-and-greener/print/) (dated Jul. 24, 2012).
7 "In pictures: A year in technology", BBC News, (Dec. 28, 2007).
8 "Intel CTO Says Gap between Humans, Machines Will Close by 2050", Intel News Release, (See intel.com/.../20080821comp.htm?iid=S . . . ) (Printed Nov. 6, 2009).
11 "Look, Ma—no wires!—Electricity broadcast through the air may someday run your home", by Gregory M. Lamb, Staff writer, The Christian Science Monitor, (See http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1116/p14s01-stct.html) (Nov. 15, 2006).
12 "Man tries wirelessly boosting batteries", by Seth Borenstein, AP Science Writer, Boston.com, (See http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2006/11/15/man—tries—wirelessly—b...) (Nov. 15, 2006).
13 "Man tries wirelessly boosting batteries", by Seth Borenstein, The Associated Press, USA Today, (Nov. 16, 2006).
14 "MIT discovery could unplug your iPod forever", by Chris Reidy, Globe staff, Boston.com, (See http://www.boston.com/business/ticker/2007/06/mit—discovery—c.html) (Jun. 7, 2007).
15 "MIT Scientists Pave the Way For Wireless Battery Charging", by William M. Bulkeley, The Wall Street Journal, (See http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118123955549228045.html?mod=googlenews—wsj) (Jun. 8, 2007).
16 "MIT's wireless electricity for mobile phones", by Miebi Senge, Vanguard, (See http://www.vangarudngr.com/articles/2002/features/gsm/gsm211062007.htm) (Jun. 11, 2007).
17 "Next Little Thing 2010 Electricity without wires", CNN Money (See money.cnn.com/galleries/2009/smallbusiness/0911/gallery.nextlittle-thing-2010.smb/) (dated Nov. 30, 2009).
18 "Next Little Thing 2010 Electricity without wires", CNN Money (See money.cnn.com/galleries/2009/smallbusiness/0911/gallery.nextlittle—thing—2010.smb/) (dated Nov. 30, 2009).
19 "Outlets Are Out", by Phil Berardelli, ScienceNOW Daily News, Science Now, (See http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2006/1114/2) (Nov. 14, 2006).
20 "Physics Promises Wireless Power" by Jonathan Fildes, Science and Technology Reporter, BBC News, (Nov. 15, 2006).
21 "Physics Update, Unwired Energy", Physics Today, pp. 26, (Jan. 2007) (See http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0611063.).
22 "Recharging gadgets without cables", Infotech Online, Printed from infotech.indiatimes.com (Nov. 17, 2006).
23 "Recharging, The Wireless Way—Even physicists forget to recharge their cell phones sometimes." by Angela Chang—PC Magazine, ABC News Internet Ventures, (2006).
24 "Scientists light bulb with ‘wireless electricity’ ", www.Chinaview.cn, (See http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-06/08/content—6215681.htm) (Jun. 2007).
25 "The Big Story for CES 2007: The public debut of eCoupled Intelligent Wireless Power" Press Release, Fulton Innovation LLC, Las Vegas, NV, Dec. 27, 2006.
26 "The end of the plug? Scientists invent wireless device that beams electricity through your home", by David Derbyshire, Daily Mail, (See http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/technology/technology.html?in—article—id=4...) (Jun. 7, 2007).
27 "The Power of Induction—Cutting the last cord could resonate with our increasingly gadget-dependent lives", by Davide Castelvecchi, Science News Online, vol. 172, No. 3, (Week of Jul. 21, 2007).
28 "The technology with impact 2007", by Jonathan Fildes, BBC News, (Dec. 27, 2007).
29 "The vision of an MIT physicist: Getting rid of pesky rechargers" by Gareth Cooks, Globe Staff, Boston.com, (Dec. 11, 2006).
30 "The world's first sheet-type wireless power transmission system: Will a socket be replaced by e-wall?" Press Release, Tokyo, Japan, Dec. 12, 2006.
31 "Unwired energy questions asked, answered", Physics Today, pp. 16-17 (Sep. 2007).
32 "Wireless charging-the future for electric cars?" by Katia Moskvitch, BBC News Technology (See www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14183409) (dated Jul. 21, 2011).
33 "Wireless charging—the future for electric cars?" by Katia Moskvitch, BBC News Technology (See www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14183409) (dated Jul. 21, 2011).
34 "Wireless Energy Lights Bulb from Seven Feet Awav—Physicists vow to cut the cord between your laptop battery and the wall socket—with iust a simple loop of wire", by JR Minkel, ScientificAmerican.com, (See http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleid=07511C52-E7F2-99DF-3FA6ED2D7DC9AA2...) (Jun. 7, 2007).
35 "Wireless energy promise powers up" by Jonathan Fildes, Science and Technology Report, BBC News, (See http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6725955.stm) (Jun. 7, 2007).
36 "Wireless Energy Transfer Can Potentially Recharge Laptops, Cell Phones Without Cords", by Marin Soljacic of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Davide Castelvecchi of American Institute of Physics (Nov. 14, 2006).
37 "Wireless Energy Transfer May Power Devices at a Distance", ScientificAmerican.com, (Nov. 14, 2006).
38 "Wireless Energy", by Clay Risen, The New York Times, (Dec. 9, 2007).
39 "Wireless power transfer possible", PressTV, (See http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=127548,sectionid=3510208) (Jun. 11, 2007).
40 "Wireless revolution could spell end of plugs", by Roger Highfield, Science Editor, Telegraph.co.uk, (See http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/06/07/nwireless107.xml) (Jun. 7. 2007).
41 A. Mediano et al. "Design of class E amplifier with nonlinear and linear shunt capacitances for any duty cycle", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theor. Tech., vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 484-492, (2007).
42 Abe et al. "A Noncontact Charger Using a Resonant Converter with Parallel Capacitor of the Secondary Coil". IEEE, 36(2):444-451, Mar./Apr. 2000.
43 Ahmadian et al., "Miniature Transmitter for Implantable Micro Systems", Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Cancun, Mexico, pp. 3028-3031, Sep. 17-21, 2003.
44 Altchev et al. "Efficient Resonant Inductive Coupling Energy Transfer Using New Magnetic and Design Criteria". IEEE, pp. 1293-1298, 2005.
45 Amnon Yariv et al., "Coupled-resonator optical waveguide: a proposal and analysis", Optics Letters, vol. 24, No. 11, pp. 711-713 (Jun. 1, 1999).
46 Andre Kurs et al., "Simultaneous mid-range power transfer to multiple devices", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 96, No. 044102 (2010).
47 Andre Kurs et al., "Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances", Science vol. 317, pp. 83-86 (Jul. 6, 2007).
48 Apneseth et al. "Introducing wireless proximity switches" ABB Review Apr. 2002.
49 Aristeidis Karalis et al., "Efficient Wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer", Annals of Physics, vol. 323, pp. 34-48 (2008).
50 Australian Office Action, Application No. 2006269374; mailed Sep. 18, 2008; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 3 pages.
51 Australian Office Action, Application No. 2007349874; mailed Apr. 27, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 3 pages.
52 Australian Office Action, Application No. 2009246310; mailed Jun. 13, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2 pages.
53 Australian Office Action, Application No. 2010200044; mailed May 16, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2 pages.
54 Australian Office Action, Application No. 2011203137; mailed Apr. 18, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 3 pages.
55 Australian Office Action, Application No. 2011232776; mailed Dec. 2, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2 pages.
56 Australian Office Action, Application No. 2011232776; mailed Feb. 15, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 3 pages.
57 Baker et al., "Feedback Analysis and Design of RF Power Links for Low-Power Bionic Systems," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 1(1):28-38 (Mar. 2007).
58 Balanis, C.A., "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design," 3rd Edition, Sections 4.2, 4.3, 5.2, 5.3 (Wiley, New Jersey, 2005).
59 Burri et al. "Invention Description" Feb. 5, 2008.
60 C. Fernandez et al., "A simple dc-dc converter for the power supply of a cochlear implant", IEEE, pp. 1965-1970 (2003).
61 Canadian Office Action, Application No. 2,615,123; mailed Nov. 15, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 4 pages.
62 Canadian Office Action, Application No. 2,682,284; mailed Nov. 25, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 3 pages.
63 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 200680032299.2; mailed Jan. 22, 2010; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 5 pages.
64 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 200680032299.2; mailed Jun. 4, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 5 pages.
65 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 200680032299.2; mailed Oct. 17, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 9 pages.
66 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 200780053126.3; mailed Aug. 6, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 11 pages.
67 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 200780053126.3; mailed Dec. 19, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 8 pages.
68 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 200780053126.3; mailed Oct. 27, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 6 pages.
69 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 200980127634.0; mailed Apr. 2, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 11 pages.
70 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 201010214681.3; mailed Feb. 13, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 4 pages.
71 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 201010214681.3; mailed Jan. 26, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 7 pages.
72 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 201010214681.3; mailed May 29, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 4 pages.
73 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 201010214681.3; mailed Nov. 2, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 7 pages.
74 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 201010214681.3; mailed Oct. 10, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 3 pages.
75 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 201110185992.6; mailed Apr. 11, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 5 pages.
76 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 201110185992.6; mailed Jan. 4, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 10 pages.
77 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 201110311000.X; mailed Dec. 6, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 20 pages.
78 Chinese Office Action, Application No. 201110311000.X; mailed Jun. 18, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 20 pages.
79 Clemens M. Zierhofer et al., "High-Efficiency Coupling-Insensitive Transcutaneous Power and Data Transmission Via an Inductive Link", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 37, No.7, pp. 716-722 (Jul. 1990).
80 D.H.Freedman. "Power on a Chip". MIT Technology Review, Nov. 2004.
81 David H. Staelin et al., Electromagnetic Waves, Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 8, pp. 46-176 and 336-405 (Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 1998).
82 David Schneider, "A Critical Look at Wireless Power", IEEE Spectrum, (May 2010).
83 David Vilkomerson et al., "Implantable Doppler System for Self-Monitoring Vascular Grafts", IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, pp. 461-465 (2004).
84 Electricity Unplugged, Feature: Wireless Energy, Physics World, pp. 23-25 (Feb. 2009).
85 Esser et al. "A New Approach to Power Supplies for Robots". IEEE, 27(5):872-875, Sep./Oct. 1991.
86 European Examination Report dated Jan. 15, 2009 in connection with Application No. 06 786 588.1-1242.
87 European Office Action, Application No. 06 786 588.1; mailed Apr. 24, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 4 pages.
88 European Office Action, Application No. 06 786 588.1; mailed Dec. 3, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 6 pages.
89 European Office Action, Application No. 06 786 588.1; mailed Jan. 15, 2009; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 5 pages.
90 European Office Action, Application No. 11 184 066.6; mailed Dec. 3, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 5 pages.
91 European Search Report with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 11184066.6 dated Mar. 20, 2013.
92 Examination Report for Australia Application No. 2006269374, dated Sep. 18, 2008.
93 Fenske et al. "Dielectric Materials at Microwave Frequencies". Applied Microwave & Wireless, pp. 92-100, 2000.
94 Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/639,958 dated Jun. 6, 2013 (18 pages).
95 Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/639,963 dated Jun. 18, 2013 (16 pages).
96 Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/639,966 dated Oct. 9, 2012 (20 pages).
97 Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/639,967 dated Oct. 5, 2012 (21 pages).
98 Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,777 dated Jun. 26, 2013 (17 pages).
99 Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,813 dated Jun. 24, 2013 (17 pages).
100 Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,852 dated Jun. 27, 2013 (19 pages).
101 Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,904 dated Sep. 26, 2013 (23 pages).
102 G. Scheible et al., "Novel Wireless Power Supply System for Wireless Communication Devices in Industrial Automation Systems", IEEE, (2002).
103 Gary Peterson, "MIT WiTricity Not So Original After All", Feed Line No. 9, (See http://www.tfcbooks.com/articles/witricity.htm) printed Nov. 12, 2009.
104 Geyi, Wen. A Method for the Evaluation of Small Antenna Q. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 51, No. 8, Aug. 2003.
105 H. Sekiya et al. "FM/PWM control scheme in class DE inverter", IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 51, No. 7 (Jul. 2004).
106 Haus, H.A., "Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics," Chapter 7 "Coupling of Modes—Reasonators and Couplers" (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1984).
107 Heikkinen et al. "Performance and Efficiency of Planar Rectennas for Short-Range Wireless Power Transfer at 2.45 GHz". Microwave Optical Technology Letters, 31(2):86-91, Oct. 20, 2001.
108 Hirai et al. "Integral Motor with Driver and Wireless Transmission of Power and Information for Autonomous Subspindle Drive". IEEE, 15(1):13-20, Jan. 2000.
109 Hirai et al. "Practical Study on Wireless Transmission of Power and Information for Autonomous Decentralized Manufacturing System". IEEE, 46(2):349-359, Apr. 1999.
110 Hirai et al. "Study on Intelligent Battery Charging Using Inductive Transmission of Power and Information". IEEE, 15(2):335-345, Mar. 2000.
111 Hirai et al. "Wireless Transmission of Power and Information and Information for Cableless Linear Motor Drive". IEEE 15(1):21-27, Jan. 2000.
112 International Preliminary Report on Patentability for International Application No. PCT/US2006/026480, dated Jan. 29, 2008.
113 International Preliminary Report on Patentability with regard to International Application No. PCT/US2007/070892 dated Sep. 29, 2009.
114 International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US09/43970, dated Jul. 14, 2009.
115 International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2006/026480, dated Dec. 21, 2007.
116 International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2007/070892, dated Mar. 3, 2008.
117 International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for International Application No. PCT/US2011/027868 dated Jul. 5, 2011.
118 International Search Report for International Application No. PCT/US09/58499 dated Dec. 10, 2009.
119 J. B, Pendry. "A Chiral Route to Negative Refraction". Science 306:1353-1355 (2004).
120 J. C. Schuder et al., "Energy Transport Into the Closed Chest From a Set of Very-Large Mutually Orthogonal Coils", Communication Electronics, vol. 64, pp. 527-534 (Jan. 1963).
121 J. Schutz et al., "Load Adaptive Medium Frequency Resonant Power Supply", IEEE, (2002).
122 Jackson, J. D. ,"Classical Electrodynamics",3rd Edition, Wiley, New York,1999,pp. 201-203.
123 Jackson, J.D., "Classical Electrodynamics," 3rd Edition, Sections 1.11, 5.5, 5.17, 6.9, 8.1, 8.8, 9.2, 9.3 (Wiley, New York, 1999).
124 Japanese Office Action, Application No. 2008-521453; mailed Jan. 4, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 3 pages.
125 Japanese Office Action, Application No. 2010-500897; mailed May 29, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 7 pages.
126 Japanese Office Action, Application No. 2011-083009; mailed Jul. 2, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 5 pages.
127 Japanese Office Action, Application No. 2011-256729; mailed May 28, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 7 pages.
128 Japanese Office Action, Application No. 2011-509705; mailed Jul. 16, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 10 pages.
129 John C. Schuder "Powering an Artificial Heart: Birth of the Inductively Coupled-Radio Frequency System in 1960", Artificial Organs, vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 909-915 (2002).
130 John C. Schuder et al., "An Inductively Coupled RF System for the Transmission of 1 kW of Power Through the Skin", IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering, vol. BME-18, No. 4 (Jul. 1971).
131 * John C. Schuder, Powering an Artificial Heart: Birth of the Inductively Coupled-Radio Frequency System in 1960, Artificial Organ, 2002.
132 Jonathan Fildes, "Wireless Energy Promise Powers Up", BBC News, Jun. 7, 2007 (See http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6725955.stm ).
133 Joseph C. Stark III, "Wireless Power Transmission Utilizing a Phased Array of Tesla Coils", Master Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2004).
134 Kawamura et al. "Wireless Transmission of Power and Information Through One High-Frequency Resonant AC Link Inverter for Robot Manipulator Applications". IEEE, 32(3):503-508, May/Jun. 1996.
135 Klaus Finkenzeller, "RFID Handbook (2nd Edition)", The Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, Ltd., pp. 19, 20, 38, 39, 43, 44, 62, 63, 67, 68, 87, 88, 291, 292 (Published on May 31, 2004).
136 Klaus Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook-Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards-, Nikkan Kohgyo-sya, Kanno Taihei, first version, pp. 32-37, 253 (Aug. 21, 2001).
137 Klaus Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook—Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards-, Nikkan Kohgyo-sya, Kanno Taihei, first version, pp. 32-37, 253 (Aug. 21, 2001).
138 Korean Office Action, Application No. 10-2008-7003376; mailed Mar. 7, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 3 pages.
139 Korean Office Action, Application No. 10-2009-7022442; mailed Jan. 31, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 6 pages.
140 Korean Office Action, Application No. 10-2009-7022442; mailed Oct. 18, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 5 pages.
141 Korean Office Action, Application No. 10-2011-7013029; mailed Aug. 9, 2011; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 4 pages.
142 Korean Office Action, Application No. 10-2011-7023643; mailed Jan. 31, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 3 pages.
143 Korean Office Action, Application No. 10-2011-7023643; mailed Oct. 23, 2012; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 5 pages.
144 Korean Office Action, Application No. 10-2013-7013521; mailed Aug. 8, 2013; Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2 pages.
145 Lee, "Antenna Circuit Design for RFID Applications," Microchip Technology Inc., AN710, 50 pages (2003).
146 Lee, "RFID Coil Design," Microchip Technology Inc., AN678, 21 pages (1998).
147 Liang et al., "Silicon waveguide two-photon absorption detector at 1.5 μm wavelength for autocorrelation measurements," Applied Physics Letters, 81(7):1323-1325 (Aug. 12, 2002).
148 M. V. Jacob et al. "Lithium Tantalate—A High Permittivity Dielectric Material for Microwave Communication Systems". Proceedings of IEEE TENCON—Poster Papers, pp. 1362-1366, 2003.
149 Marin Soljacic et al., "Photonic-crystal slow-light enhancement of nonlinear phase sensitivity", J. Opt. Soc. Am B, vol. 19, No. 9, pp. 2052-2059 (Sep. 2002).
150 Marin Soljacic, "Wireless nonradiative energy transfer", Visions of Discovery New Light on Physics, Cosmology, and Consciousness, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY pp. 530-542 (2011).
151 Microchip Technology Inc., "microID 13.56 MHz Design Guide—MCRF355/360 Reader Reference Design," 24 pages. (2001).
152 MIT Team Experimentally Demonstrates Wireless Power Transfer, Potentially Useful for Power Laptops, Cell-Phones Without Cords—Goodbye Wires . . . , by Franklin Hadley, Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Jun. 7, 2007).
153 Nikola Tesla, "High Frequency Oscillators for Electro-Therapeutic and Other Purposes", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87, No. 7, pp. 1282-1292 (Jul. 1999).
154 Nikola Tesla, "High Frequency Oscillators for Electro-Therapeutic and Other Purposes", The Electrical Engineer, vol. XXVI, No. 50 (Nov. 17, 1898).
155 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/639,963 dated Feb. 27, 2014 (19 pages).
156 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/648,604 dated Dec. 5, 2011.
157 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,777 dated Feb. 26, 2014 (16 pages).
158 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,813 dated Feb. 27, 2014 (16 pages).
159 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,852 dated Feb. 27, 2014 (17 pages).
160 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/726,742 dated May 11, 2012.
161 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/030,395 dated May 17, 2012.
162 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/036,177 dated May 15, 2012.
163 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/040,810 dated May 17, 2012.
164 Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/078,511 dated May 15, 2012.
165 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/415,667 dated Oct. 5, 2012 (20 pages).
166 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/639,958 dated Aug. 16, 2012 (21 pages).
167 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/639,963 dated Aug. 31, 2012 (20 pages).
168 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/646,524 dated Oct. 1, 2012 (11 pages).
169 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,777 dated Dec. 24, 2012 (43 pages).
170 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,813 dated Dec. 21, 2012 (40 pages).
171 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,852 dated Dec. 21, 2012 (41 pages).
172 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/649,904 dated Dec. 28, 2012 (43 pages).
173 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/868,852 dated Oct. 10, 2012 (26 pages).
174 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/949,544 dated Sep. 5, 2012 (41 pages).
175 Non-Final Office Action with regard to U.S. Appl. No. 12/949,580 dated Jun. 17, 2013 (55 pages).
176 O'Brien et al. "Analysis of Wireless Power Supplies for Industrial Automation Systems". IEEE, pp. 367-372, 2003.
177 O'Brien et al. "Design of Large Air-Gap Transformers for Wireless Power Supplies". IEEE, pp. 1557-1562, 2003.
178 PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US09/59244, Dec. 7, 2009, 12 pages.
179 Powercast LLC. "White Paper" Powercast simply wire free, 2003.
180 Provisional U.S. Appl. No. 60/908,383, filed Mar. 27, 2007.
181 S. L. Ho et al., "A Comparative Study Between Novel Witricity and Traditional Inductive Magnetic Coupling in Wireless Charging", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 1522-1525 (May 2011).
182 S. Sensiper. Electromagnetic wave propogation on helical conductors. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1951.
183 Sakamoto et al. "A Novel Circuit for Non-Contact Charging Through Electro-Magnetic Coupling". IEEE, pp. 168-174, 1992.
184 Sekitani et al. "A large-area flexible wireless power transmission sheet using printed plastic MEMS switches and organic field-effect transistors". [Publication Unknown].
185 Sekitani et al. "A large-area wireless power-transmission sheet using printed organic transistors and plastic MEMS switches" www.nature.com/naturematerials. Published online Apr. 29, 2007.
186 Shanhui Fan et al., "Rate-Equation Analysis of Output Efficiency and Modulation Rate of Photomic-Crystal Light Emitting Diodes", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 1123-1130 (Oct. 2000).
187 Soljacic. "Wireless Non-Radiative Energy Transfer—PowerPoint presentation". Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Oct. 6, 2005.
188 Someya, Takao. "The world's first sheet-type wireless power transmission system". University of Tokyo, Dec. 12, 2006.
189 Splashpower, "Splashpower—World Leaders in Wireless Power," PowerPoint presentation, 30 pages (Sep. 3, 2007).
190 Submission of Publication to the Japanese Patent Office for Japanese Application No. 2011-256,729, translation received on May 2, 2013.
191 Submission of Publication to the Japanese Patent Office for Japanese Application No. 2011-509,705, translation received on May 2, 2013.
192 T. Aoki et al. Observation of strong coupling between one atom and a monolithic microresonator. Nature 443:671-674 (2006).
193 Tang, S.C et al.,"Evaluation of the Shielding Effects on Printed-Circuit-Board Transformers Using Ferrite Plates and Copper Sheets",IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol. 17, No. 6,Nov. 2002.,pp. 1080-1088.
194 Texas Instruments, "HF Antenna Design Notes—Technical Application Report," Literature No. 11-08-26-003, 47 pages (Sep. 2003).
195 Thomsen et al., "Ultrahigh speed all-optical demultiplexing based on two-photon absorption in a laser diode," Electronics Letters, 34(19):1871-1872 (Sep. 17, 1998).
196 Translation of Information Statement by Third Party submitted to the Japanese Patent Office for Japanese Application No. 2011-83009, translation received on May 15, 2013.
197 UPM Rafsec, "Tutorial overview of inductively coupled RFID Systems," 7 pages (May 2003).
198 Vandevoorde et al. "Wireless energy transfer for stand-alone systems: a comparison between low and high power applicability". Sensors and Actuators, A 92:305-311, 2001.
199 Villeneuve, Pierre R. et al.,"Microcavities in photonic crystals: Mode symmetry, tunability, and coupling efficiency",Physical Review B, vol. 54, No. 11 , Sep. 15, 1996,pp. 7837-7842.
200 Will Stewart, "The Power to Set you Free", Science, vol. 317, pp. 55-56 (Jul. 6, 2007).
201 Yoshihiro Konishi, Microwave Electronic Circuit Technology, Chapter 4, pp. 145-197 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY 1998)
202 Ziaie, Babak et al., "A Low-Power Miniature Transmitter Using a Low-Loss Silicon Platform for Biotelemetry", Proceedings-19th International Conference IEEE/EMBS, pp. 2221-2224; Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1997 (4 pages).
203 Ziaie, Babak et al., "A Low-Power Miniature Transmitter Using a Low-Loss Silicon Platform for Biotelemetry", Proceedings—19th International Conference IEEE/EMBS, pp. 2221-2224; Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1997 (4 pages).
International Classification H03H9/00, B60L11/18, H02J17/00, H02J5/00, H01Q9/04
Cooperative Classification H02J5/005, H02J50/12, H01F38/14, Y10T307/25, Y02T10/7072, B60L11/18, H02J17/00, Y02T10/7088, B60L11/182, Y02T10/7005, Y02T90/14, Y02T90/122, H01Q9/04