Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7924736?dq=5754119
Timestamp: 2015-01-27 10:43:17
Document Index: 630522374

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 06710513', 'Application No. 04801291', 'Application No. 2004298117', 'Application No. 200680006774', 'Application No. 06710513', 'Application No. 2004298117', 'Application No. 2006268292', 'Application No. 2004298117', 'Application No. 200680006774', 'Application No. 200680027968', 'Application No. 200680027968', 'Application No. 06710513', 'Application No. 2008', 'Application No. 200480041373']

Patent US7924736 - DSL system estimation - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsEstimates of a communication system configuration, such as a DSL system, are based on operational data collected from a network element management system, protocol and users. The operational data collected from the system can include performance-characterizing operational data that typically is available...http://www.google.com/patents/US7924736?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7924736 - DSL system estimationAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7924736 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/995,194PCT numberPCT/US2006/026795Publication dateApr 12, 2011Filing dateJul 8, 2006Priority dateJul 10, 2005Also published asCA2614936A1, CN101233721A, CN101233721B, CN101238645A, CN104022918A, EP1905195A2, EP1905195A4, US20080205501, US20110188640, WO2007008835A2, WO2007008835A3Publication number11995194, 995194, PCT/2006/26795, PCT/US/2006/026795, PCT/US/2006/26795, PCT/US/6/026795, PCT/US/6/26795, PCT/US2006/026795, PCT/US2006/26795, PCT/US2006026795, PCT/US200626795, PCT/US6/026795, PCT/US6/26795, PCT/US6026795, PCT/US626795, US 7924736 B2, US 7924736B2, US-B2-7924736, US7924736 B2, US7924736B2InventorsJohn M. Cioffi, Wonjong Rhee, Bin Lee, Seong Taek Chung, Georgios GinisOriginal AssigneeAdaptive Spectrum And Signal Alignment, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (84), Non-Patent Citations (33), Referenced by (9), Classifications (20), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDSL system estimationUS 7924736 B2Abstract Estimates of a communication system configuration, such as a DSL system, are based on operational data collected from a network element management system, protocol and users. The operational data collected from the system can include performance-characterizing operational data that typically is available in the OSL system via element-management-system protocols. Generated estimates and/or approximations can be used in evaluating system performance and directly or indirectly dictating/requiring changes or recommending improvements in operation by transmitters and/or other parts of the indication system. Data and/or other information may be collected using internal means or using system elements and components via e-mail and/or other extra means. The likelihood of the models accuracy can be based on various data, information and/or indicators of system performance, such as observed normal operational data, test data and/or prompted operational data that shows operating performance based on stimulation signals.
1. A method for estimating a DSL system test loop configuration, the method comprising:
generating a test loop parameter vector from the collected operational data, wherein the test loop parameter vector comprises one or more loop-dependent parameter values, further wherein the test loop parameter vector includes parameters directly collected or derived from the operational data;
selecting a reference parameter vector corresponding to a reference loop configuration, wherein the reference parameter vector includes reference values characterizing the presence or absence of a condition on a hypothetical or ideal loop free from the condition, wherein the condition is a bridged tap or the condition is a bad splice;
comparing the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector; and
detecting the condition on the test loop, based on the comparison between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the test loop parameter vector comprises at least one of the following:
loop attenuation (LATN); signal attenuation (SATN);
estimated upstream power back-off electrical length (UPBOKLE);
HLOG[n]; or receiver noise per tone estimated assuming a channel attenuation per tone corresponding to a loop with no bridged taps.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein comparing the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector comprises computing the difference between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector, the method further comprising:
selecting the reference loop configuration to correspond to a reference loop with no bridged taps, wherein the condition is the presence of a bridged tap;
locating peaks in the computed difference between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector;
estimating the size of any located peaks; and
declaring the presence of a bridged tap on the DSL system test loop based on the location and estimated size of any located peaks.
4. The method of claim 3 further comprising estimating the length of the bridged tap based on the location of the peaks.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein declaring the presence of a bridged tap comprises:
counting the number of identified negative peaks;
the number of identified positive peaks exceeds a positive peak count threshold, and
the number of identified negative peaks exceeds a negative peak count threshold.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein estimating the length of the bridged tap comprises at least one of the following:
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the test loop parameter vector comprises a test loop echo-dependent parameter vector obtained from operational data collected from the test loop;
further wherein the condition is the presence of a bridged tap, and the reference loop configuration comprises a reference loop configuration with no bridged tap;
further wherein the reference parameter vector comprises a reference echo-dependent parameter vector corresponding to the reference loop configuration with no bridged tap;
further wherein the method further comprises:
computing the difference between the test loop echo-dependent parameter vector and the reference echo-dependent parameter vector;
wherein the method comprises estimating a location of a bridged tap from the computed difference between the echo-dependent parameter vector and the reference echo-dependent parameter vector.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the echo-dependent parameter vector comprises at least one of the following:
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the condition is the presence of a bad splice, and the reference loop configuration has no bad splice; further wherein the method further comprises:
computing a difference between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector; and
declaring the presence of a bad splice in the test loop when the computed difference is larger than a first threshold.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the condition is the presence of a bad splice, and the reference loop configuration has no bad splice;
further wherein the method further comprises: detecting a frequency set for which the difference between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector is larger than a first threshold; and
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the test loop parameter vector comprises at least one of the following:
loop attenuation (LATN);
signal attenuation (SATN);
HLOG[n]; or
13. The method of claim 10 wherein the test loop parameter vector comprises an echo-dependent parameter vector based on operational data collected from the DSL system;
computing the difference between the echo-dependent parameter vector and the reference echo-dependent parameter vector; and
estimating the location of a bad splice from the computed difference between the echo-dependent parameter vector and the reference echo-dependent parameter vector.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the echo-dependent parameter vector comprises at least one of the following:
15. A method for detecting a problem with a micro-filter in a DSL system loop, the method comprising:
generating a first operational parameter vector based on operational data of the DSL system, the operational data providing a state of the DSL system loop when a phone that shares the DSL system loop is in an on-hook state;
generating a second operational parameter vector based on operational data of the DSL system, the operational data providing a state of the DSL system loop when a phone that shares the DSL system loop is in an off-hook state;
comparing the first operational parameter vector to the second operational parameter vector; and
declaring a problem with the micro-filter based on the comparison of the first and second operational parameter vectors, wherein declaring a problem with the micro-filter comprises confirming from phone call record information that the phone state changed between an on-hook state and an off-hook state between the generation of the first operational parameter vector and the generation of the second operational parameter vector.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein each of the first and second operational parameter vectors comprises at least one of the following:
channel average attenuation measurements;
channel bit distributions;
channel transmit power levels;
reported current data rates;
reported maximum attainable data rates;
reported error-correction-parity;
reported use of trellis codes;
measured channel insertion loss;
HLOG[n];
measured channel gain;
measured channel phase;
inferred data regarding individual users' power levels;
operational data regarding individual users' power levels;
inferred data regarding individual users' power spectral density (PSD) levels;
operational data regarding individual users' PSD levels; inferred data regarding individual users' code settings;
operational data regarding individual users' code settings;
inferred data regarding the parameterized shaped PSDs of potential noises;
operational data regarding the parameterized shaped PSDs of potential noises;
the frequency/tone index of highest noise change in a recent time interval;
the total number of bit-swaps occurring in a recent time interval;
the distribution of forward error correction (FEC) errors, code violations or errored seconds violations over several successive sub-intervals of a time interval;
measured noise power variations;
measured peak-to-average power ratio;
measured channel logarithmic magnitude;
measured quiet-line noise levels;
measured active-line noise levels;
mean square error per tone;
signal-to-noise ratio per tone (SNR[n]);
count of ATM or other protocol cells;
measured higher-level protocol-throughput;
count of retraining;
count of failed synchronization attempts; reported carrier mask;
reported tone-shaping parameters;
inferred data regarding vectored or matrix channel characterization;
received echo noise; or
loop impedance.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein declaring a problem with the micro-filter based on the comparison of the first and second operational parameter vectors comprises declaring a missing micro-filter when the difference between the first operational parameter vector and the second operational parameter vector exceeds a threshold.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein declaring a problem with the micro-filter based on the comparison of the first and second operational parameter vectors comprises declaring a missing micro-filter when:
the first operational parameter vector and the second operational parameter vector indicate that a retrain occurred between the generation of the first operational parameter vector and the generation of the second operational parameter vector.
19. The method of claim 15 wherein declaring a problem with the micro-filter based on the comparison of the first and second operational parameter vectors comprises declaring a missing micro-filter when the first operational parameter vector and the second operational parameter vector indicate that, between the generation of the first operational parameter vector and the generation of the second operational parameter vector,
a large number of code violations, or a large number of FEC corrections occurred.
a non-transitory machine readable medium and program instructions contained in the machine readable medium, the program instructions specifying a method for estimating a DSL system test loop configuration, the method comprising:
21. The computer program product of claim 20 wherein comparing the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector comprises computing the difference between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector, and wherein the method further comprises:
locating peaks representing the computed difference between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector;
22. The computer program product of claim 20 wherein the test loop parameter vector comprises a test loop echo-dependent parameter vector obtained from operational data collected from the test loop;
computing the difference between the test loop echo-dependent parameter vector and the reference echo-dependent parameter vector; and
23. The computer program product of claim 20 wherein the condition is the presence of a bad splice, and the reference loop configuration has no bad splice;
24. The computer program product of claim 23 wherein the test loop parameter vector comprises an echo-dependent parameter vector based on operational data collected from the
DSL system;
further wherein the reference parameter vector comprises a reference echo-dependent parameter vector corresponding to the reference loop configuration;
a non-transitory machine readable medium and program instructions contained in the machine readable medium, the program instructions specifying a method for detecting a problem with a micro-filter in a DSL loop, the method comprising:
obtain a test loop parameter vector from operational data collected from a test loop of a DSL system comprising a first DSL transceiver at a near end of the test loop and a second DSL transceiver at a far end of the test loop, wherein the operational data is a result of transmissions between the first and second transceiver, wherein the test loop parameter vector comprises one or more loop-dependent parameter values, further wherein the test loop parameter vector includes parameters directly collected or derived from the operational data;
select a reference parameter vector corresponding to a reference loop configuration, wherein the reference parameter vector includes reference values characterizing the presence or absence of a condition on a hypothetical or ideal loop free from the condition, wherein the condition is a bridged tap or the condition is a bad splice;
compare the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector; and
detect the condition on the test loop, based on the comparison of the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector.
27. The controller of claim 26 wherein the compare of the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector computes a difference between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector, and wherein the data collection unit, the data analysis unit and the signal generator further:
select the reference loop configuration to correspond to a reference loop with no bridged taps, wherein the condition is the presence of a bridged tap;
locate peaks in the computed difference between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector;
estimate the size of any located peaks; and
declare the presence of a bridged tap on the DSL system test loop based on the location and estimated size of any located peaks.
28. The controller of claim 26 wherein the test loop parameter vector comprises a test loop echo-dependent parameter vector obtained from operational data collected from the test loop;
further wherein the data collection unit, the data analysis unit and the signal generator are further to:
compute the difference between the test loop echo-dependent parameter vector and the reference echo-dependent parameter vector; and
estimate a location of a bridged tap from the computed difference between the echo-dependent parameter vector and the reference echo-dependent parameter vector.
29. The controller of claim 26 wherein the condition is the presence of a bad splice, and the reference loop configuration has no bad splice;
further wherein the data collection unit, the data analysis unit and the signal generator further:
compute a difference between the test loop parameter vector and the reference parameter vector; and
declare the presence of a bad splice in the test loop when the computed difference is larger than a first threshold.
30. A controller comprising:
a data collection unit coupled to a data analysis unit and a control signal generator coupled to the data analysis unit, wherein the data collection unit, the data analysis unit and the signal generator:
generate a first operational parameter vector based on operational data pertaining to a DSL system, the operational data providing a state of the DSL system loop when a phone that shares the DSL system loop is in an on-hook state;
generate a second operational parameter vector based on operational data of the DSL system, the operational data providing a state of the DSL system loop when a phone that shares the DSL system loop is in an off-hook state;
compare the first operational parameter vector to the second operational parameter vector; and
declare a problem with the micro-filter based on the comparison of the first and second operational parameter vectors when phone call record information indicates that the phone state changed between an on-hook state and an off-hook state between the generation of the first operational parameter vector and the generation of the second operational parameter vector.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/817,128 filed on Apr. 2, 2004, entitled DSL SYSTEM ESTIMATION AND PARAMETER RECOMMENDATION, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. �119(e) of U.S. Provisional No. 60/527,853 filed on Dec. 7, 2003, entitled DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
This application claims the benefit of claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. �119(e) of U.S. Provisional No. 60/698,113 filed on Jul. 10, 2005, entitled DSL SYSTEM, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
Digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies provide potentially large bandwidth for digital communication over existing telephone subscriber lines (referred to as loops and/or the copper plant). �xDSL� and �DSL� are terms used to generally refer to digital subscriber line equipment and services, including packet-based architectures, such as ADSL, HDSL, SDSL, SHDSL, IDSL, VDSL and RADSL. DSL technologies can provide extremely high bandwidth over embedded twisted pair, copper cable plant and offer great potential for bandwidth-intensive applications. DSL services are much more dependent on line conditions (for example, the length, quality and environment of the copper loop) than traditional telephone services (typically using a bandwidth including frequencies up to about 4 kilohertz) compared to DSL services (using a bandwidth including frequencies up to 30 MHz).
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Methods, systems, apparatus, computer program products and other embodiments of the present invention use estimates of a communication system configuration, such as a DSL system, that are based on operational data collected from a network element management system, protocol, users and/or the like. The operational data collected from the system can include performance-characterizing operational data that typically is available in a DSL system via element-management-system protocols. Generated estimates and/or approximations can be used in evaluating system performance and directly or indirectly dictating/requiring changes or recommending improvements in operation by transmitters and/or other parts of the communication system. Data and/or other information may be collected using �internal� means or may be obtained from system elements and components via email and/or other �external� means. The likelihood of a model's accuracy can be based on various data, information and/or indicators of system performance, such as observed normal operational data, test data and/or prompted operational data that shows operating performance based on stimulation signals. One example of such prompted data uses the Hlog of a given channel to obtain information regarding bridged taps, bad splices, and missing or misused micro-filters.
More information can be found regarding ADSL NMSs in Technical Report TR-005, entitled �ADSL Network Element Management� from the ADSL Forum, dated March 1998, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Also, DSL Forum TR-069, entitled �CPE WAN Management Protocol� from the DSL Forum, dated May 2004 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Also, DSL Forum TR-064, entitled �LAN-Side DSL CPE Configuration Specification� from the DSL Forum, dated May 2004 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. These documents address different situations for CPE side management. Also, NIPP-NAI draft technical report �Dynamic Spectrum Management Technical Report,� contribution number NIPP-NAI-2006-028R2, dated June 2006 addresses several situations for CO and CPE side management.
Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3B. A DSL optimizer 365 (acting as a controller) operates on and/or in connection with a DSLAM 385 or other DSL system component (for example, an RT, ONU/LT, etc.), either or both of which may be on the premises 395 of a telecommunication company (a �telco�). The DSL optimizer 365 includes a data module 380, which can collect, assemble, condition, manipulate and/or supply operational data for and to the DSL optimizer 365. Module 380 can be implemented in one or more computers such as PCs or the like. Data from module 380 is supplied to a DSM server module 370 for analysis (for example, determining the availability and reliability of operational data, construction of models, estimated configurations, etc. based on collected operational data for given communication lines, control and operational changes to the communication system based on any estimated configurations or estimated defects, etc.). Information also may be available from a library or database 375 that may be related or unrelated to the telco.
Operational data is collected from a DSL loop, line, system, etc., sometimes referred to herein as a �test loop.� The test loop can be a normally operating and/or implemented DSL system that is being tested or is otherwise under consideration to obtain an estimate, configuration approximation or other useful model or information about the test loop. In embodiments of the present invention, the collected data are used to constitute, generate, derive, etc. a test loop parameter vector that includes one or more loop-dependent quantities, values, etc. that, either alone or in combination, can be used to estimate the loop configuration. The test loop parameter vector may include directly collected parameters such as average attenuation in one or more bands, loop attenuation per tone, etc., as outlined above. Such loop-dependent quantities may have to undergo smoothing in order to reduce large measurement variation from sample to sample, which may otherwise conflict with some of the methods described herein.
MSE[n]=PSD[n]+H log [n]−SNR[n] Equation (1)
The PSD[n]=REFPSD+G[n] (where G[n] is the known or estimated gains table value in dB), and REFPSD=NOMPSD−PCB, which can also be known or estimated. Since G[n] usually satisfies −2.5 dB<G[n]<2.5 dB in ADSL1 modems, but might not be reported, G[n] can be estimated by looking for B[n] table changes, usually being near −2.5 dB on the tone with higher number of bits between two adjacent tones and usually near +2.5 dB on the tone with lower number of bits between two adjacent tones. In VDSL2, PSD[n]=MREFPSD[n]+G[n], where MREFPSD[n] is a reported parameter. SNR[n] may be obtained either directly from reported parameters (for example in ADSL2/2+ and VDSL2), or indirectly using the approximation SNR[n]≈10Gap/10�(2B[n]−1) (where Gap in dB is approximated by (9.5+TSNRM−CODEGAIN) and B[n] is typically reported by modems. Finally, Hlog [n] can be estimated using known models for the attenuation of the transmission line corresponding to the ideal twisted pair, and based on an estimate of the loop length or based on the average attenuation in one or more bands. When the loop attenuation per tone is not directly available, then the above estimate of MSE[n] using the Hlog [n] estimate for an ideal transmission line implicitly includes information about transmission line imperfections such as bridged taps, bad splices, loop faults, and missing or misused micro-filters.
2 x = v f ( n + 1 2 ) ( n should be an integer . ) Eq . ( 2 ) where v corresponds to the velocity of the signal in the copper wire, and f corresponds to the frequency of the signal. For 24/26 AWG, it is proper to use v=2�108 (m/sec). Then, Table 1 can be constructed to locate the positive peaks.
Location of positive peaks with respect
to the length of the bridged tap
1st positive peak
2nd positive peak
3rd positive peak
1.64 MHz
4.92 MHz
8.20 MHz
0.82 MHz
2.46 MHz
4.10 MHz
0.98 MHz
2 x = v � n f ( n should be an integer . ) Eq . ( 3 ) Thus, by detecting the positive peaks and the negative peaks in the measured attenuation per tone, a bridged tap can be identified and the length of a bridged tap can be estimated.
FIG. 6 shows the magnitude of the frequency responses of the channel and echo for a loop length of 2000 ft, and a bridged tap of 100 ft located at various distances from a CPE receiver. The channel with a bridged tap at 0 ft from an NT is shown as plot 601. Echo response is plotted with 602 showing the echo response at the NT with a bridged tap 0 ft from the NT; plot 603 shows the echo response at the NT with a bridged tap 30 ft from the NT; plot 604 shows the echo response at the NT with a bridged tap 100 ft from the NT; and plot 605 shows the echo response at the NT with a bridged tap 500 ft from the NT. FIG. 6 shows that the location of the bridged tap has a strong effect on the echo response, especially when the bridged tap is located very close to the CPE receiver. According to one embodiment of the present invention also reflected in FIG. 5, the measured echo response (as all or part of a test loop parameter vector) obtained at 510 is compared at 530 to a reference echo response (as all or part of a reference parameter vector) obtained at 520 corresponding to the case of no bridged tap. If the difference between the measured echo response and the reference echo response can be calculated at 580, then the calculated difference at one or more frequencies can be compared against threshold levels to determine the proximity of the bridged tap to the receiver at 590. A large difference indicates a large echo response and indicates that the bridged tap is close to the receiver. A small difference indicates a small echo response and indicates that the bridged tap is far from the receiver.
A misused micro-filter (for example, one that is incorrectly installed between the telephone line and the DSL modem) may strongly attenuate the DSL signals and thus may also seriously degrade DSL performance. In embodiments of the present invention (including the claims), a �missing� micro-filter is defined as one or more problems with a micro-filter (that the micro-filter is physically absent, that the micro-filter misused, that the micro-filter is mis-installed, etc.).
The performance degradation caused by missing micro-filters may be dependent on the on-hook and off-hook status of a telephone. When the phone is on-hook, the performance degradation is different compared to the case when the phone is off-hook. When the phone is on-hook with ADSL systems, the performance degradation is small compared to the case with a proper micro-filter installed, and thus the ADSL system can usually operate at a reasonable data rate. This is because the impedance change and echo that is caused due to the phone is often small when the phone is on-hook. On the other hand, when the phone is off-hook with ADSL systems, the downstream (DS) data rate may be reduced by up to 3�6 Mbps due primarily to large upstream (US) signal echo that is injected into DS signals. The US data rate also may be reduced when the phone is off-hook, but the reduction is smaller than the DS reduction. As a result, when the phone is picked up, a DSL modem running at a high DS data rate is likely to retrain and re-synch to a much lower data rate or may be unable to complete training and may remain inoperative.
A DSL modem may retrain to a lower data rate when a phone with a missing micro-filter goes to the off-hook state. Even after the phone is returned to the on-hook state, the modem will not retrain and thus will remain at the low rate until another event causes a retrain. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, lines with large net data rate fluctuations over a long time period (e.g., a week or month) can be identified as potential �missing micro-filter lines� within a DSL network. Maximum attainable data rate may also be used for those modems that do not update the maximum attainable data rate during SHOWTIME. Also, reported upstream attenuation, downstream attenuation or the per tone attenuation may be used for those modems that do not update them during SHOWTIME. Finally, changes in the echo response at the CPE or the loop impedance as seen from the CPE can be used to detect a missing micro-filter, as seen in FIGS. 10-12.
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