Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7632472?dq=7,328,163
Timestamp: 2015-03-31 13:01:03
Document Index: 668312083

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 103', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 8', 'art 9', 'art 8', 'arts 8', 'arts 8', 'art 8']

Patent US7632472 - Core region of its cross section has upstream passages in the longitudinal ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA catalytic reactor for generating a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a rich fuel/oxidizing agent mix. The reactor (1) includes a multiplicity of parallel passages which extend from an inlet side (6) to an outlet side (7). To achieve a compact overall form of the reactor (1), at least in a core...http://www.google.com/patents/US7632472?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7632472 - Core region of its cross section has upstream passages in the longitudinal part with a greater proportion of the surface area having a catalytically active coating than in a subsequent downstream longitudinal part; for generating a H2-containing synthesis gas from a rich fuel/oxidizing agent mixAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7632472 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/876,456Publication dateDec 15, 2009Filing dateJun 28, 2004Priority dateJun 27, 2003Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE10329162A1, EP1491824A2, EP1491824A3, US20040265194Publication number10876456, 876456, US 7632472 B2, US 7632472B2, US-B2-7632472, US7632472 B2, US7632472B2InventorsRichard Carroni, Timothy Griffin, Markus WolfOriginal AssigneeAlstom Technology Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (33), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (19), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetCore region of its cross section has upstream passages in the longitudinal part with a greater proportion of the surface area having a catalytically active coating than in a subsequent downstream longitudinal part; for generating a H2-containing synthesis gas from a rich fuel/oxidizing agent mix
US 7632472 B2Abstract
all the passages being catalytically active at least in a core region of a cross section though the reactor;
a reactor installed in the lance, the reactor comprising
a catalytically active coating on surfaces of the passages which are to be exposed to the gas flow; and
at least one catalytic reactor connected to the combustion chamber on the exit side;
a heating device for preheating the fuel, the oxidizing agent, or both, upstream of the reactor;
wherein the at least one catalytic reactor comprises
10. The reactor as claimed in claim 4, wherein the hydraulic diameter of the first passages is double the hydraulic diameter of the second passages.
11. A burner arrangement as claimed in claim 9, configured and arranged for a gas turbine of a power plant. Description
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. � 119 to German Application No. 103 29 162.8, filed 27 Jun. 2003, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.
FIG. 1 shows a greatly simplified three-dimensional view of a reactor according to the invention,
FIG. 2 shows an excerpt from a cross section in a first longitudinal part of the reactor corresponding to section II in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows an excerpt from a cross section through a second longitudinal part of the reactor corresponding to section III in FIG. 1,
FIG. 4 shows an excerpt from a greatly simplified longitudinal section through the reactor corresponding to section lines IV in FIG. 1,
FIG. 5 shows the same view as in FIG. 4, but for a different embodiment,
FIG. 6 shows a cross section through the reactor for another embodiment,
FIG. 7 shows an outline illustration in longitudinal section through a preferred form of use of the reactor,
FIG. 8 shows an outline illustration in circuit diagram form of a burner arrangement according to the invention.
In principle, the first passages 5 I and the second passages 5 II may be configured identically with regard to their geometry. The passages 5 may also have the same hydraulic diameter. However, it is preferable to use an embodiment in which the hydraulic diameters of the first passages 5 I are larger than the hydraulic diameters of the second passages 5 II. By way of example, the hydraulic diameter of a first passage 5 I is approximately double the hydraulic diameter of a second passage 5 II. The larger hydraulic diameters in the first longitudinal part 8 allow the dissipation of heat at the inlet side 6 to be improved. This is particularly important since the spontaneous ignition means that it is the inlet side of the reactor 1 which is heated most. Increasing the size of the hydraulic diameters of the first passages 5 I in the first longitudinal part 8 also reduces the spontaneous ignition temperature of the reactor 1. At the same time, this measure also allows the pressure loss in the first longitudinal part 8 to be reduced.
The �hydraulic diameter� hd is calculated, for example, as follows:
h d 4 � cross - sectional area circumference The hydraulic diameter therefore represents a one-dimensional comparison variable for any desired cross-sectional geometries.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 the second longitudinal part 9 adjoins the first longitudinal part 8 directly, i.e. without any gaps. In principle, it is also possible to use embodiments in which the two longitudinal parts 8, 9 are at an axial distance from one another, in which case an axial distance of this type should expediently be less than 5 times the hydraulic diameter of one of the first passages 5 I or one of the second passages 5 II. A greater distance could lead to undesirable interactions. The high concentrations of hydrogen and synthesis gas and of residual oxygen and fuel in the reactor 1 could, in the event of an excessively large volume, cause a homogenous combustion reaction to be ignited in the region of a transition, provided with this axial distance, between the longitudinal parts 8, 9 which is undesirable.
FIG. 7 shows a preferred form of use of the reactor 1, in which the reactor 1 is installed in the lance 15 of a premix burner 16. The premix burner 16 has a head 17 in which the lance 15 is arranged concentrically and from which the lance 15 projects centrally into the premix burner 16. On the exit side, the premix burner 16 is connected, for example, to a combustion chamber 18, in the combustion space 19 of which a homogenous combustion reaction is to take place. For this purpose, a flame front 20, which is to be relatively stably positioned in the combustion space 9, is generated in the combustion space 19. A sudden increase in cross section 21 at the transition between premix burner 16 and combustion space 19 and a swirling action imparted to the flow emerging from the premix burner 16 enable recirculation zones 22 and 23 to be generated in the combustion space 19, contributing to anchoring of the flame front 20. In the case of conventional combustion chambers 18, a lance 15 of this type, under low loads, can be used to stabilize the flame front 20. The lance 15 can also be used at higher loads to reduce pressure pulsation in order to counteract acoustic instability. For this purpose, the lance 15, in conventional operation, generates a diffusion flame, which causes relatively high NOx emissions. If, according to the invention, the reactor 1 is now fitted into the lance 15, it is possible to use the lance 15 to introduce the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas into the premix burner 16 and therefore into the combustion space 19. Introducing the synthesis gas into the combustion space 19 leads to a drop in the extinction limit for the flame front 20 and to an increase in the reaction temperatures without the generation of NOx increasing. The overall result is chemical and thermal stabilizing of the flame front 20.
To start the reactor 1, it is fed with a rich fuel/oxidizing agent mix, which has a first fuel/oxidizing agent ratio λ1 in the range from approximately 0.15 to 0.25, in particular for example approximately 0.25, and a first inlet temperature TE1 in the range from approximately 300� C. to 450� C., for example approximately 350� C. At these starting values, it is possible to achieve spontaneous ignition of the mix supplied in the first longitudinal part 8. The catalytic reaction in the reactor 1 causes the temperature of the latter to rise greatly. An outlet temperature TA at the outlet side 7 of the reactor 1 can be monitored, for example, by means of suitable measures. As soon as the outlet temperature TA reaches a predetermined value in the range from approximately 600� C. to 950� C., for example approximately 850� C., first of all the inlet temperature TE is reduced and in particular thereafter the fuel/oxidizing agent ratio λ is increased. The increase in the fuel/oxidizing agent ratio λ and/or the reduction in the inlet temperature TE expediently takes place continuously or in such a way that the outlet temperature TA remains substantially constant. In this way, it is possible to set a second fuel/oxidizing agent ratio λ2, which is in the range from approximately 0.4 to 0.6, for example approximately 0.4, in the fuel/oxidizing agent mix supplied. Furthermore, the inlet temperature TE can be set to a second inlet temperature TE2, which is in the range from only approximately 100� C. to 250� C., for example approximately 150� C. As soon as the desired values for the second inlet temperature TE2 and the second fuel/oxidizing agent ratio λ2 are reached, the starting procedure of the reactor 1 ends.
Despite its compact overall form, the reactor 1 according to the invention can operate at relatively high volumetric flows, e.g. at GHSV≧4.5�106 hr−1, where �GHSV�=�gas hourly space velocity�.
4 Gas flow
5 I First passage
5 II Second passage
7 Outlet side
8 First longitudinal section
9 Second longitudinal section
10 Core region
14 Annular region
16 Premix burner
19 Combustion space
20 Flame front
21 Sudden increase in cross section
22 Recirculation zone
23 Recirculation zone
24 Oxidizing agent flow
25 Fuel flow
26 Mix injection
27 Burner arrangement
28 Gas turbine
30 Main fuel feed
32 Additional oxidizing agent feed
33 Additional fuel feed
34 Heating device
35 Main oxidizing agent feed
36 First web material
37 Second web material
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