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1 SVENSK STANDARD SS-EN Fastställd Utgåva 1 Oförstörande provning Ultraljudprovning Del 4: Undersökning av fel vinkelräta mot ytan Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 4: Examination of discontinuities perpendicular to the surface ICS Språk: engelska Tryckt i oktober 2002 Copyright SIS. Reproduction in any form without permission is prohibited.
2 Europastandarden EN 583-4:2002 gäller som svensk standard. Detta dokument innehåller den officiella engelska versionen av EN 583-4:2002. The European Standard EN 583-4:2002 has the status of a Swedish Standard. This document contains the official English version of EN 583-4:2002. Dokumentet består av 20 sidor. Upplysningar om sakinnehållet i standarden lämnas av SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, tel Standarder kan beställas hos SIS Förlag AB som även lämnar allmänna upplysningar om svensk och utländsk standard. Postadress: SIS Förlag AB, STOCKHOLM Telefon: Telefax: E-post: Internet:
3 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN September 2002 ICS English version Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 4: Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface Essais non destructifs - Contrôle ultrasonore - Partie 4: Contrôle des discontinuités perpendiculaires à la surface Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Ultraschallprüfung - Teil 4: Prüfung auf Inhomogenitäten senkrecht zur Oberfläche This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 October CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 583-4:2002 E
4 Contents Foreword Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Tandem examination General Time base adjustment Setting of sensitivity Determination of examination zones DGS-diagram for tandem examination Corrections of sensitivity Object with concentric surfaces LLT-examination General Time base adjustment and determination of discontinuity depth Setting of sensitivity Determination of examination depth DGS-diagrams for LLT-examination Correction of sensitivity...14 Annex A (informative) Nomograms for determination of tandem distances for convex (Figure A.1) and concave (Figure A.2) scanning surface...15 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives
5 Foreword This document (EN 583-4:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 138, "Non-destructive testing", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March This standard consists of the following parts: EN 583-1, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 1: General principles EN 583-2, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting EN 583-3, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 3: Transmission technique EN 583-4, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 4: Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface EN 583-5, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 5: Characterization and sizing of discontinuities ENV 583-6, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 6: Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. Annex A is informative According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 3
6 1 Scope This European Standard defines the principles for tandem- and LLT 1 -examination for the detection of discontinuities perpendicular to the surface. The general principles required for the ultrasonic examination of industrial products are described in EN A list of symbols and equations is given in EN The tandem- or LLT-examination should be used for the detection of planar discontinuities with distance to the surface greater than 15 mm. This standard has been prepared for the examination of metallic materials with a thickness between 40 mm and 500 mm with parallel or concentric surfaces. It can, however, be used for other materials and smaller thickness provided special measures are taken. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 583-1, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 1: General principles. EN 583-2, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting. EN , Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions of EN apply. 4 Tandem examination 4.1 General The examination is normally carried out using two similar 45 o angle probes, one probe operating as the transmitter and the other probe as receiver. For wall thicknesses greater than approximately 160 mm, probes with different transducer sizes are preferred in order to ensure approximately the same beam diameters in the examination zone. The use of probe angles other than 45 may be necessary to comply with particular geometrical conditions. Probe angles that give rise to mode conversions shall be avoided. The probes are located in a line with their acoustic axis in the same direction. In this way the sound beam from the rear probe will, after reflection from the opposite surface, intersect the sound beam from the front probe at the centre of the examination zone. Figure 1 shows the relationship between the spacing of the probes (y) and the examination depth of the crosspoint (t m ) and the height of the examination zone (t z ). 1 LLT means longitudinal-longitudinal-transverse wave. 4
7 Key 1 Probe 1 d Material thickness 2 Probe 2 t m Examination depth 3 Examination zone y Probe distance a Projection distance t z Height of examination zone Figure 1 Basic principle of tandem technique When examining objects with plane parallel surfaces the distance between the probes can be defined using the following equation: for 45 y = 2 tan α (d t m ) (1) y = 2 (d t m ) Scanning shall be performed in either of the following ways: both probes are moved along the surfaces with a fixed distance (y). In this way only one examination zone is examined at a time, and the scanning shall be repeated with different probe distance until the complete examination volume has been examined; both probes are moved simultaneously, such that the sum of their distances from the required plane of intersection, e.g. the vertical weld axis, remains constant, thereby scanning the full object thickness in one continuous movement. 4.2 Time base adjustment Basically all relevant echoes will appear at the same sound path distance, which corresponds to the V-path. Therefore, the adjustment of the time base is not important. It is, however, recommended that the echo from the V-path is located at a fixed position e.g. eight scale divisions. 4.3 Setting of sensitivity The setting of sensitivity can be performed using the following reflectors: opposite surface, where the V-path echo is used as backwall echo; disc-shaped reflectors perpendicular to the scanning surface (flat bottom holes). The reflectors shall be located at the intersection of the beam axes; side drilled holes located at the intersection of the beams and at the borders of the examination zones. 5
8 4.4 Determination of examination zones The division into equally sized examination zones ensures that the sensitivity throughout the thickness does not fall below a certain level. The height of the examination zones is calculated so that the sensitivity at the edges of the examination zones is not more than 6 db below the sensitivity in the intersection point of the beam axes, see Figure 2 and Clause 1. All dimensions in millimetres Key A Soundbeam diameter d Material thickness Height of examination zone t z Figure 2 Examination zones The height of the examination zone (t z ) can be determined by using a reference block with reflectors in differentiated depths or calculated as follows based on the diameter of the direct beam and the largest sound path in the examination zone closest to the opposite surface (all dimensions in millimetres): λ( d 15 mm) tz sin α cosα Deff (2) for 45 2 λ ( d 15 mm) tz Deff where D eff = effective transducer diameter. The number of examination zones is calculated as follows: d 30 mm ntz = + 1, ntz = 1, 2, 3 tz (3) The probe distance, y, see Figure 1, is adjusted for each examination zone with the intersection of the beam axes in the centre of the zone. Alternatively, the width and number of the examination zones can be determined graphically using scale drawings of the calculated or measured 6 db beam profiles. 6
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