Source: https://casebook.icrc.org/print/20966
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 22:43:42
Document Index: 81315228

Matched Legal Cases: ['Arts 2', 'Art. 1', 'Art. 1', 'Arts 2', 'Art. 1', 'Art. 1', 'Arts 49', 'Arts 120', 'Arts 129', 'Art. 50', 'Art. 51', 'Art. 130', 'Art. 147', 'Art. 85', 'Art. 8', 'Arts 2', 'Arts 1', 'Arts 48', 'Art. 1', 'Arts 1', 'Art. 50', 'Arts 43', 'Art. 13']

Home > General Assembly, The use of drones in counter-terrorism operations
[Source: UN Doc. A/68/389, EMMERSON Ben, "Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism", 18 September 2013, available at http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?m=134 [1]]
[Source: UN Doc. A/HRC/25/59, EMMERSON Ben, "Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism", 11 March 2014 available at http://www.ohchr.org/en/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session25/Pages/ListReports.aspx [2]]
How could one argue for and against the existence of one or more international or non-international conflict(s) with the United States as a party to the conflict? With Israel as a party to the conflict? With the United Kingdom as a party to the conflict? (GC I [3]-IV [4], Common Arts 2 and 3; P I [5], Art. 1 [6]; P II [7], Art. 1 [8])
(Document A, paras 66-68) What criteria shall be fulfilled for an armed struggle to be regarded as a non-international armed conflict? Can a single terrorist act amount to an armed conflict that would trigger the applicability of IHL? Can a single drone attack trigger the applicability of IHL? (GC I-IV, Common Arts 2 [9] and 3 [10]; P I, Art. 1 [11]; P II, Art. 1 [12])
(Document A, paras 41-50; B, para. 73) Under IHL, are States under an obligation to investigate all deaths resulting from an armed conflict? Only those incidents that involve civilian casualties? Only those incidents that may constitute war crimes? Are states under the obligation to report civilian casualties? Do States have to make the results of their investigations public? (CIHL, Rule 158 [13]; GC I, Arts 49 [14]-50 [15]; GC III Arts 120 [16]-121 [17]; GC IV Arts 129 [18] – 131 [19])
Do all IHL violations amount to war crimes? (CIHL, Rule 156 [20]; GC I, Art. 50 [21]; GC II, Art. 51 [22]; GC III, Art. 130 [23]; GC IV, Art. 147 [24]; P I, Art. 85 [25]; ICC Statute, Art. 8 [26])
Is the use of drones per se prohibited under IHL? Do IHL rules on conduct of hostilities apply to drone strikes? If the drone strike is carried out in the context of an international armed conflict? Non-international armed conflict? If the target is located outside the territory of the State involved in an armed conflict? (CIHL, Rules 1 [27]-24 [28] and 70 [29]-71 [30]; GC I-IV, Common Arts 2 [9] and 3 [10]; P I, Arts 1 [11] and 49 [31] (you may also consult P I, Arts 48 [32]-58 [33] more generally); P II, Art. 1 [12])
In your opinion, what principles and/or rules of IHL are particularly problematic when drones are used as a weapons platform? What principles and/or rules become easier to comply with when drones are used as a weapons platform? Is it easier or more difficult to respect precautions in attacks prescribed by IHL when drones are used as a platform? (CIHL Rules 1 [27], 7 [34] and 14 [35]-24 [28]; P I, Arts 1(2) [11], 48 [32], 52 [36] and 57 [37])
(Document A, paras 49 and 69) When conducting a military operation, is there a presumption regarding the status of individuals not taking direct part in hostilities? Does this apply in international armed conflict as CIHL? Does it apply in NIACs? (CIHL, Rules 5 [38]-6 [39], P I Art. 50 [40]; see also, Document, ICRC, Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities [41])
(Document A, paras 59 – 64) Under IHL, may individuals be deliberately targeted with the sole aim of killing them? If yes, which individuals may be so targeted? Under IHL, is it lawful to target a known individual with the aim of killing him or her? Should less harmful measures be taken? If so, when/under what circumstances? (CIHL, Rule 1 [27]; P I, Arts 43 [42], 48 [32], 50 [40]-51 [43]; P II, Art. 13 [44]; see also, Document, ICRC, Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities [45])
(Document A, para. 36) According to the information provided, during its campaign in Libya, did NATO merely comply with IHL or go beyond the requirements of IHL in its efforts to avoid civilian casualties? If civilians died despite NATO policy, should it have opened inquiries? What would the Turkel Commission hold? (Document A, paras 41 – 45)? (CIHL, Rules 14 [35]-21 [46])
Source URL: https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/general-assembly-use-drones-counter-terrorism-operations
[1] http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?m=134
[2] http://www.ohchr.org/en/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session25/Pages/ListReports.aspx
[7] https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=AA0C5BCBAB5C4A85C12563CD002D6D09&amp;action=openDocument
[9] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=41229BA1D6F7E573C12563CD00519E4A
[10] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=BAA341028EBFF1E8C12563CD00519E66
[11] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=6C86520D7EFAD527C12563CD0051D63C
[12] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=93F022B3010AA404C12563CD0051E738
[13] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule158
[16] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=40E27CDD24CF64F3C12563CD0051B4D5
[17] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=343A776AFC5D068CC12563CD0051B502
[18] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=5C7C7C166D55893FC12563CD0051C4D6
[19] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=608F302D3CA40960C12563CD0051C504
[20] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule156
[21] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=E09D15BDEC76F8D9C12563CD0051BDCC
[22] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=14F60F779A9C29F2C12563CD0051A8FF
[23] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=DD77A07DBDF8B9A2C12563CD0051B5EC
[24] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=F8D322BF3C0216B2C12563CD0051C654
[25] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=73D05A98B6CEB566C12563CD0051E1A0
[26] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=E4C44E2F1347B99D412566900046EACB
[27] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule1
[28] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule24
[29] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule70
[30] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule71
[31] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=17E741D8E459DE2FC12563CD0051DC6C
[32] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=8A9E7E14C63C7F30C12563CD0051DC5C
[33] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=C995BF5C5BCFB0E2C12563CD0051DDB2
[34] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule7
[35] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule14
[36] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=F08A9BC78AE360B3C12563CD0051DCD4
[37] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=50FB5579FB098FAAC12563CD0051DD7C
[38] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule5
[39] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule6
[40] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=E1F8F99C4C3F8FE4C12563CD0051DC8A
[42] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=AF64638EB5530E58C12563CD0051DB93
[43] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=4BEBD9920AE0AEAEC12563CD0051DC9E
[44] https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=A366465E238B1934C12563CD0051E8A0
[45] https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/icrc-interpretive-guidance-notion-direct-participation-hostilities
[46] https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule21