Source: http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US7960005
Timestamp: 2013-05-18 10:21:53
Document Index: 711090978

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'art. 22', 'application No. 009594300', 'application No. 019031848', 'application No. 009594300']

�M�Q US7960005 - Broadcast distribution of content for storage on hardware protected optical ... - Google �M�Q�j�M �Ϥ� �a�� Play YouTube �s�D Gmail ���ݵw�� ��h »�i���M�Q�j�M | �������� | �n�J�i���M�Q�j�M�M�QMethods and systems for content distribution are provided that include a broadcast transmitter for transmitting a signal that comprises content, a receiver for receiving the signal, and an optical disc recorder coupled to the receiver for recording the content to an optical disc, which may be an optically...http://www.google.com.tw/patents/US7960005?utm_source=gb-gplus-share�M�Q US7960005 - Broadcast distribution of content for storage on hardware protected optical storage media���}��US7960005 B2�X���������v�ӽЮѽs��10/243,826�o�G���2011�~6��14���ӽФ��2002�~9��16�� �u���v���2001�~9��14����L���}�M�Q��US20030149989�o��HCharles Eric HunterJr. Bernard L BallouJohn H. HebrankLaurie McNeil��M�Q�v�HOchoa Optics LlcExodus Capital, LlcAmb Group, LlcWorld Theatre, Inc. ���M�Q������428/64.1428/64.4430/270.1��ڱM�Q������G11B31/00G11B7/257B32B3/02G11B7/254H04N7/173G11B7/24 �X�@����H04N21/25866G11B7/24056G11B2007/25411G11B2007/25417H04N7/173H04N21/2543G11B31/00G11B2007/25414H04N21/26208H04N21/4334B82Y10/00G11B7/2548G11B7/257H04N21/47202 �ڬw������H04N 7/173B82Y 10/00G11B 7/257H04N 21/262CH04N 21/472DH04N 21/433RH04N 21/2543H04N 21/258UG11B 7/24056G11B 7/2548�ѦҤ��m�M�Q�ޥ� (109)�D�M�Q�ޥ� (109)�Q�H�U�M�Q�ޥ� (1)�~���s�����M�Q�ӼЧ� ���M�Q�ӼЧ��M�Q����T�� �ڬw�M�Q��Broadcast distribution of content for storage on hardware protected optical storage mediaUS 7960005 B2�K�n Methods and systems for content distribution are provided that include a broadcast transmitter for transmitting a signal that comprises content, a receiver for receiving the signal, and an optical disc recorder coupled to the receiver for recording the content to an optical disc, which may be an optically altered optical disc.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. ��119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/322,186, filed Sep. 14, 2001, entitled ��Ultrahigh Reliability, High Density, Read and Write Data Storage System,�� the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
This claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. ��119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/322,187, filed Sep. 14, 2001, entitled ��System and Method for Content Delivery,�� the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
This claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. ��119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/326,563, filed Oct. 2, 2001, entitled ��System and Method for Ultrahigh Reliability, High Density, Short Wavelength Laser Read and Write Data Storage System with Content Protection,�� the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
This claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. ��119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/325,888, filed Sep. 28, 2001, entitled ��System and Method for Ultrahigh Reliability, High Density, Short Wavelength Laser Read and Write Data Storage System with Content Protection,�� the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
This claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. ��119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/328,606, filed Oct. 11, 2001, entitled ��System and Method for Optically Altered DVD (DVDO™),�� the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
This claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. ��119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/347,440, filed Nov. 7, 2001, entitled ��System and Method for Optically Altered DVD (DVDO™),�� the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Modern CDs store about 1 million bits/mm2 on a 12 cm disc. Information is encoded on ��pits�� within the disc impressed upon a polycarbonate layer. Pits are 0.6 um wide arranged on tracks spaced 1.6 um apart. 22,188 tracks are arranged on each disc over an active surface disc 35.3 mm wide. The bit rate from a disc is 4.3218 megabits/second resulting from a circular linear velocity read rate of 1.2 m/sec and, subtracting for overhead, error correction, and tracking information affords an audio bit stream of 1.41 megabits/second i.e. two channels of audio (stereo) of 16 bit resolution per sample at 44.1 KHz for 4,440 seconds. Thus of the approximately 15.5 billion bits of information on a modern CD, 6.26 billion are available for actual audio information and the balance are allocated for overhead. Thus one limitation within the current art is the high ratio of overhead to data (audio) bits�Xcurrently 15.5/6.2, or equivalently 2.5:1. The CD family has witnessed many new members along the years including CD-ROM (1984), CD-i (1986), CD-WO (1988), Video-CD (1994), and CD-R/W (1996). Other limitations within the CD art include low total storage (from 783 to 867 megabytes), low output bandwidth (176 kilobytes/second standard 1��), and limited file format flexibility. While the bandwidth has been improved with a new generation of high velocity readers (52��+), this is fundamentally the outgrowth and deployment of Digital Versatile Disc technology discussed below.
Again, owing to limitations with the CD's storage density and bandwidth, an improved technology was required to support high resolution video for sustained periods of time (e.g. single movies) along with larger quantities of data. In 1997, the Digital Versatile Disc (or Digital Video Disc) was unleashed, based upon the fundamental concepts employed in CD design, albeit with a somewhat shorter wavelength laser diode (635 or 650 nm as compared with a CDs 780 nm laser), improved optics (a Numerical Aperture NA of 0.6 as compared with the CDs NA of 0.45), servo drive (3.49 m/sec on a single layer DVD, 3.84 m/sec on a dual layer DVD as compared with the CDs 1.2 m/sec), bit density improvements including track to track spacing (0.74 um DVD pitch spacing versus a CD's 1.6 um spacing) and linear bit density (DVD single layer 0.40/1.87 um min/max�XDVD dual layer 0.44/2.05 um min/max), multiple layers (optional), multiple sides (optional) and mandatory sophisticated microprocessor decoding and error correction. The resultant performance specifications are a recording bit density of 7�� improvement from the CD (DVD 7 million bits/mm2 versus the CD's 1 million bits/mm2), a commensurate 7�� storage density per DVD layer of 4.7 billion bytes. It should be noted that reduced DVD ��pit�� size actually accounts for an area density improvement of only 467%, and the remainder of the bit density improvement is from highly improved data encoding and error correction techniques.
A fundamental departure from the CD is found in the universal file structure of the data on a DVD, which is truly near random access (pseudo addressable) data storage. This capability combined with real-time microprocessor interactivity should allow DVD to become the dominant media in video distribution and storage (over VHS and laser disc) along with audio, data storage, and software distribution (over the CD). DVDs are divided amongst six types (specification books A through E as known in the industry)�XDVD-ROM, DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, DVD-R, DVD-R/W, DVD-RAM.
DVD disc capacities are not linear per layer. Since the optical system must be refocused to read the outer semi-reflective or inner fully-reflective (embedded layer), signal-to-noise losses occur when reading the inner layer. To compensate the inner embedded track is read at slightly higher rate with a lower bit density. Hence another limitation within the current art is the limited signal to noise ratio achievable with current 635/650 nm laser diodes and multi-layer DVD disc technology. For reference a DVD-5 single side/single layer disc holds 4.7 billon bytes, and as expected DVD-10 double side/single layer disc holds 9.4 billion bytes; a DVD-9 single sided dual layer disc holds 8.5 billion bytes and a DVD-18 dual sided, double layer disc holds 17 billion bytes. Output total bit rates are 26.16 million bits/sec and the maximum out data rate is 11.08 million bits second�Xfor a net aggregate coding overhead ratio of 2.36 (slightly improved from CD overhead of 2.5:1). Thus another limitation within the current art is the still low coding efficiency of DVD technology. Yet another limitation of DVD is found in the low output data rate of 1.385 megabytes/second.
As data densities continue to increase, individual ��bits�� will be encoded on ever smaller surface areas within the disc. Small particulate matter, condensation molecules, and other forms of contamination will be able to induce multi-bit errors that require more sophisticated error correction techniques. For a given size and efficacy of a given contaminant, the number of successive bit errors will be increased as corresponding bit densities increase, requiring more bits to be reserved for bit error correction and reliable tracking, thus reducing the amount of user data available on a given disc. Hence, yet another problem with thin coated discs is the requisite additional error correction bits and encoding scheme, limiting the percentage of useable data bits, along with reducing or eliminating the benefits of increased bit encoding density on the disc.
Thin disc substrates are less susceptible to tilt relative to the read/write optical device. Thus DVDs with their 0.6 mm data to surface distance are less susceptible to tilt errors than CDs which have a 1.2 mm data to surface distance. Conversely, the 1.2 mm CD distance allows the laser beam to be more out of focus at the surface than is that of the 0.6 mm DVD. DVDs are thus required to have a more sophisticated error correction technique to compensate. The thickness of the protective surface is restricted by the optical losses within the protective material. Optical losses are due to surface reflection, absorption, and internal scatter. Clearly the higher the losses the more optical power required for a given bit error rate�Xtranslating to increased laser diode or other optical source power consumption and decreased reliability and lifetime. Thus another limitation within the current art is the high optical losses within protective disc coatings, requiring higher power optical sources for given bit error rates. Yet another limitation within the current art is the error due to tilt, which may limit the thickness of practical protective coatings.
The term ��content,�� as used herein, may include any type of video, audio, textual, or numerical data, in analog or digital form. For example, content can include music, movies, books, video games, and/or other forms of entertainment content.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram depicting illustrative content distribution system 100 for distributing content 112 from a central controller 102 to a user station 106 via a satellite 104. During operation, central controller 102 provides content 112 to a satellite uplink 110, which can broadcast transmit content 112 via satellite 104 to a receiving antenna or dish 114. Consistent with this invention, the term ��broadcast transmission�� refers generally to any transmission of content originating at at least one transmitter and transmitted to multiple, specified, and/or unspecified recipients. In one embodiment, the term ��broadcast transmission�� includes transmission only to specified recipients or, in another embodiment, only to unspecified recipients. Thus, broadcast transmission is not limited to satellite or cable broadcast transmission, and can include radio and other types of transmissions. For the sake of brevity, the following description of FIG. 1 only focuses on satellite transmission.
During transmission, program data is received at each user location (e.g., a customer household) through a receiving antenna or dish 114. Dish 114 is linked to a dedicated ��box�� or user station 106. It will be appreciated, however, that user station can be integrated into a computer, a television, or any other type of content-rendering display device. Upon receipt of the content, user station 106 stores the content on an optically altered optical disc 116 for use by a user.
Hughes Network Systems of Germantown, Md. (DSS) and EchoStar Communications Corporation of Littleton, Colo. (DISH Network) provide digital broadcast satellite services in the United States consistent with this invention. EchoStar's DISH network launched a satellite in September 1999 that, in combination with its previous satellites, provides continuous transmission of greater than five hundred channels to substantially the entire continental United States. EchoStar now has satellites located in the 119, 110, 61.5 and 148 positions within the Clark Belt. EchoStar's new ��DISH 500�� system, for example, uses an elliptical twenty-inch antenna or dish containing two LMBS heads that can receive information from two different satellites simultaneously.
It should be further appreciated that the term ��set top box�� is broadly descriptive of any device utilized for the reception and/or transmission of cable and DBS signals or the information contained within those signals. As such user station 106 may take the form of a dedicated consumer device such as set top boxes available from companies such as Pace Micro Technology (of Saltaire, UK), Scientific Atlanta (of Atlanta, Ga.), Motorola (General Instruments), Sagem. In addition, user station 106 and its associated function of Cable or DBS reception and transmission functions may be integrated with one or more functional devices such as DataPlay Players, personal computers, VHS player/recorders, TiVo type player/recorders, DVD player/recorders, CD player/recorders, Web TV type systems, integrated iTV receivers, video game players, video game controllers, integrated remote control stations, and all other forms and manners of integrated home media systems.
In one exemplary embodiment, user station 106 may receive content availability, scheduling, and pricing information via either communication link 118 or dish 104. This information may be displayed to the user via a user interface such as graphical user interface 216. In one embodiment, the user interface by which the user samples, selects and orders content, may be accomplished by interactive television, ITV. In an ITV application the viewer, or customer, has the choice to select clips or songs to be viewed or listened to. Viewer choices may be entered into the system by sensitive areas on the screen that the viewer activates using a TV remote. By moving a cursor to these sensitive areas sampling selections may be made, information about artists may be presented or actual ordering may take place. During interactions with viewers, the screen display may present images that are different from the material shown without an interaction. The ITV is functionally operated by software residing in the cable or DBS set-top box. Commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/866,765, filed May 30, 2001, entitled ��Methods and Apparatus for Interactive Television��, incorporated herein by reference, describes an ITV application that can be used consistent with this invention.
In one embodiment, user station 106 may also contain an audio speaker video screen, or other system (not shown) to allow the customer to ��preview�� content 112 before it is recorded on optically altered optical disc 116 and subsequently paid for. In this embodiment, the user will not be billed until the customer has either accessed the content a set number of times, for example, 3 times, or the customer indicates through user interface 216 (e.g., a graphical user interface) a desired to permanently record it. As an alternative, previewing may be accomplished by playing a highly compressed or low-grade ��preview�� copy through a speaker or associated system.
As used herein, the term ��transmission�� denotes the percentage of energy passing through an element or system relative to the amount that entered. Similarly, the term ��transmittance�� is the ratio of the radiant power transmitted by an object to the incident radiant power. Finally, the term ��transmissivity�� denotes that internal transmittance per unit thickness of the material that forms the object.
Consistent with this invention, an optically altered optical disc, such as a DVD (e.g., DVDO™ or DVDOA™) or a CD (e.g., CDO or CDOA), can be created by disc recording device 206 to provide content protection in lieu of or in addition to a traditional DRM schema. As used herein, ��optically altered optical discs�� cannot be read by optical readers that are compatible with conventional optical discs, such as those defined by ECMA 267 Standard, 3rd Edition, April 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Therefore, one or more intrinsic optical differences in traditional CD (780 nm) and/or DVD (650/635 nm) read and write technology are implemented to render the reading optically altered optical disc impossible by conventional readers. Thus, consistent with this invention, content can be written to optically altered optical disc 116 in a way that requires a DVDO or CDO player to later view or access the content. Similarly, to record on optically altered optical disc 116, a suitable recorder is required. This approach overcomes the conventional limitations of content distribution, including limitations with the present Digital Rights Management (DRM).
Generation 2 As above, except Generation 2 uses shortwave 400/410 nm laser diodes for reading new generation HVDs and HVDOs. (typically 8��-80 GB). A second 635/650 nm laser diode provides compatibility with legacy discs along with DVDO and CDO type discs. A high transmissivity disc coating in combination with along with contamination control system and bit error correction software are utilized. The optical disc coating provides a robust surface without the dust/contamination issues that are known to plague Dataplay type devices.
C (a �XC:H)
��visible��
Recent advances in wide energy bandgap light emitting devices based upon materials such as III-V Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) and its related compounds including InGaAs grown on materials such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) will enable short wave laser (approximately 410 nm through UV) diodes to operate with long lifetimes at room temperatures. While competing technologies such as blue lasers based upon II-VI compounds such as Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) are possible, they have shown lifetimes far too short to be of commercial viability. Further frequency doubling to achieve short wavelengths is still too costly for deployment in typical consumer devices. Both GaN and SiC (6H-4H) materials demonstrate a multiplicity of highly desirable properties including a wide energy bandgaps, thus enabling high temperature operation without intrinsic conduction�Xenabling the emission and detection of short wavelength light�Xand the advent of short wavelength laser diodes.
In addition, as a substrate, SiC has a high breakdown voltage of approximately 2.4 megavolts/cm and high electron drift velocity of approximately 2.0��107 cm/sec at E��2(105) V/cm, additionally SiC is an excellent thermal conductor approximately (3.8 W/cm-�X Kelvin). Additional short wavelength/UV laser diode technologies may include the use of InGaN grown on single crystal Al2O3, with or without a buffer layer, single crystal GaN or AlN and their related compounds grown or deposited on AlN, SiC, Al2O3 with or without buffer layers. Buffer layers may be included to promote a closer lattice and thermal coefficient of expansion match. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to any specific implementation or any subset of implementations of a short wavelength or UV laser diodes.
In one embodiment of the present invention a short wave laser diode is operated at a reduced power dissipation level to dramatically increase laser diode life and reliability through the use of reduced optical spot size, allowing commensurately smaller ��pits�� and track to track spacing. For example by simply reducing the image spot size from CD technology 780 nm technology and DVD (best case 635 nm technology) we achieve a commensurate bit density gains of approximately (7802/4052)=3.7:1 over standard CD-DA technology and (6352/4052)=2.46:1 better than standard DVD-ROM technology. Short wavelength laser diodes including UV devices based upon high energy bandgap materials have an even greater advantage, for example we achieve (7802/2102)=13.8:1 over standard CD-DA technology and (6352/2102)=9.14:1 better than standard DVD-ROM technology.
In one embodiment, reductions in spot image size (area) allow a near exponential decrease in power dissipation and full exponential increase in reliability and lifetime. In specific a laser diode failures rate �f (failures per thousands of hours) is directly related to junction power dissipation, thermal mismatch of materials including buffer layer, bonding pads, bonding wires, and case materials. For reference the mean time between failure of a laser diode may be calculated as 1/�f and the probability of successful operation for a given time period as e−�ft where t is total active operational time in hours. By reducing the image spot area with short wave or UV wavelengths, the use of these laser diodes is now possibly through the aforestated power reductions. Reliability and associated laser diode lifetimes are increased to a level that makes deployment of these laser diodes practical in home consumer devices�Xa function of cost, reliability, and lowered power consumption.
In one embodiment, short wave and/or UV laser diodes are employed with ��near field�� ROM and/or ��near field�� read/write discs to provide commensurate bit density improvements, output bandwidth improvements, increased component reliability, reduced power consumption, or any combination thereof.
In one embodiment, a diffuser of any type, preferentially of crossed arrays of micro cylindrical lenses are utilize to provide uniform energy to a focusing lens, lenses, or lens array�Xoffering a more uniform energy spot.
In one embodiment, laser diodes with wavelengths shorter than 635 nm are utilized to increase the data density of DVD and DataPlay type discs with applied highly transmissive protective coatings. For example, the use of emergent short wave ��blue�� laser 405 nm diodes coupled with increased linear bit and track-to-track densities. Once again, the use of the coatings will facilitate moving the surface of the disc away from the encoded data pits, the surface of the disc is able to be away from the focal point of the read or write optical beam, thus the effect of any contamination residing on the surface of the disc is significantly reduced, or in most practical scenarios, effectively eliminated. Particulate matter, condensation molecules, and other forms of contamination will not introduce significant quantities of additional multi-bit errors�Xthus more sophisticated error correction techniques will not be required. For a given size and efficacy of a given contaminant, the number of successive bit errors will not be increased as the corresponding bit densities increase, thus the user will gain at least a proportionate amount of user data in relation to the increased track and bit density.
In one embodiment, laser diodes with wavelengths shorter than 635 nm and highly reduced power consumption are utilized to increase the data density of DVD and DataPlay type discs with applied highly transmissive protective coatings. For example, the use of emergent short wave ��blue�� laser 405 nm diodes coupled with increased linear bit and track-to-track densities. Once again, the use of the coatings will facilitate moving the surface of the disc away from the encoded data pits, the surface of the disc is able to be away from the focal point of the read or write optical beam, thus the effect of any contamination residing on the surface of the disc is significantly reduced, or in most practical scenarios, effectively eliminated. The reduction of errors allows a reduced optical power on the disc surface with an acceptable bit error rate.
NAS ®
dn/dt ��
105/�X C.
cm/cm ��
6.74 @ 70�X C.
3.6�X F./min 264 psi
3.6�X F./min 66 psi
�X C. �� 10-4
h @ 23�X C.
90.6�X
24 h @ 23�X C.
A1 8.0 10−6 2.2 10−5 −3.9 10−5 −1.231 10−3 4.8611 10−2 A2 1.45315 10−2 2.72989 10−2 2.87574 10−2 2.29468 10−2 5.187444 10−2 A3 −5.6315 10−4 3.0121 10−4 −1.979 10−4 3.6981 10−4 −8.0382 10−3 A4 9.4903 10−5 8.8893 10−5 1.48359 10−4 2.6758 10−5 6.100 10−4 A5 −3.9023 10−6 −1.7571 10−6 1.3865 10−6 2.848 10−6 2.9862 10−6 n2(�f) = A0 + A1�f2 + A2�f−2 + A3�f−4 + A4�f−6 + A5�f−8 (�f in microns)
(365 nm < �f < 1014 nm except for Polyolefin) (435 < �f < 830 nm for Polyolefin)
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)�XAcrylic is the most commonly used optical plastic. Because its refractive index and dispersion values (FIG. 5) are similar to those of common crown glasses (particularly BK 7), acrylic is referred to as the crown of optical plastics. Acrylic is moderately priced, easily molded, scratch resistant and not very water absorptive. It also has a relatively high transmission. Additives to acrylic (as well as to several other plastics) considerably improve its ultraviolet transmittance and stability.
Styrene�XBecause styrene has a higher index and a lower numerical dispersion value than other plastics, it is often used as the flint element in color-corrected plastic optical systems. Polystyrene is a low-cost material with excellent molding properties. Compared with acrylic, styrene has lower transmission in the UV portion of the spectrum and is a softer material. Because its surface is less durable, styrene is more typically used in non-exposed areas of a lens system.
Methyl methacrylate styrene (NAS)�XThis copolymer material consists of 70 percent acrylic and 30 percent styrene. The specific blend ratio affects the material's refractive index, which ranges from 1.533 to 1.567.
Polycarbonate�XThis plastic is very similar to styrene in terms of such optical properties as transmission, refractive index and dispersion. Polycarbonate, however, has a much broader operating temperature band of −137 to 120�X C. For this reason, it is the flint material of choice for systems that are required to withstand severe thermal conditions. Additionally, the high impact resistance of polycarbonate is its strongest advantage. For that reason, safety glasses and systems requiring durability often employ polycarbonate.
Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)�XCyclic olefin copolymer provides a high temperature alternative to acrylic. Its refractive index is 1.530, Abbe number is 56, and its heat distortion temperature (at 264 PSI) is rated at 123�X C. (about 30�X C. higher than acrylic). The material has a similar transmittance (92 percent through a 3-mm sample) and a similar differential coefficient of index (with temperature −13��10−5/�X C.) to that of acrylic.
Calcium fluoride (CaF2)�Xa cubic single-crystal material, has widespread applications in the ultraviolet and infrared spectra. CaF2 is an ideal material for use with excimer lasers. It can be manufactured into windows, lenses, prisms, and mirror substrates.
CaF2�Xtransmits over the spectral range of about 130 nm to 10 mm as shown in FIG. 1 below. Traditionally, it has been used primarily in the infrared, rather than in the ultraviolet. CaF2 occurs naturally and can be mined. It is also produced synthetically using the Stockbarger method, which is a time-and energy-consuming process. Unfortunately, achieving acceptable deep ultraviolet transmission and damage resistance in CaF2 requires much greater material purity than in the infrared, and it completely eliminates the possibility of using mined material.
Excimer-grade CaF2�Xprovides the combination of deep ultraviolet transmission (for 193 nm and even 157 nm), high damage threshold, resistance to color center formation, low fluorescence, high homogeneity, and low stress birefringence characteristics required for the most demanding deep ultraviolet applications. Relevant properties of the Excimer grade CaF2 are listed in TABLE 5, and shown in FIG. 7.
−10.6 �� 10−6/�X C.
18.9 �� 10−6/�X C.
(+20�X to +60�X):
Meting Point (�X C.):
1.75 �� 107 Poisson's Ratio:
Synthetic Fused Silica�XSynthetic fused silica is an ideal optical material for many applications. It is transparent over a wide spectral range, has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and is resistant to scratching and thermal shock. Its transmission is excellent from the ultraviolet to the near infrared.
Abbé Factor (vd):
5.5 �� 10−7/�X C.
Maximum Operating Temperature (�X C.):
BK7�XBK7 is a borosilicate crown glass that is used extensively for lenses, windows, and mirror substrates. It is relatively hard, does not scratch easily, and performs well in chemical tests. It also has excellent transmittance, as low as 350 nm. FIG. 9 and TABLE 7 provide additional detail about the properties of BK7.
7.1 �� 10−6/�X C.
(−30�X to +70�X):
8.3 �� 10−6/�X C.
(+20�X to +300�X):
Transformation Temperature (�X C.):
8.20 �� 109 Climate Resistance:
BaK1�XBaK1 is very similar in transmission to BK7 but has somewhat better response in the near ultraviolet. Alkali and phosphate resistance is superior to BK7. FIG. 10 and TABLE 8 provide additional detail about the properties of BaK1.
7.6 �� 10−6/�X C.
8.6 �� 10−6/�X C.
7.30 �� 109 Climate Resistance:
LaSFN9�XLaSFN9 can be used at higher temperature than many of the other optical glasses. The transmittance is similar to SF11. FIG. 11 and TABLE 9 provides additional detail about the properties of LaSFN9 glass.
7.4 �� 10−6/�X C.
8.4 �� 10−6/�X C.
1.09 �� 1010 Climate Resistance:
Optical Crown Glass�XIn optical crown glass, a low-index commercial-grade glass, the index of refraction, transmittance, and homogeneity are not controlled as carefully as they are in optical-grade glasses such as BK7. Optical crown is suitable for applications in which component tolerances are fairly loose and as a substrate material for mirrors. Transmittance characteristics for optical crown are shown in the FIG. below. Relevant properties of optical crown are shown in FIG. 12 and Table 10.
Abbé Constant (vd):
Density (gm/cm3) at 23�X C.
Specific Heat (20�X to 100�X C.)
0.184 cal/g�X C.
93.3 �� 10−7/�X C.
(20�X to 300�X):
708�X C.
Pyrex glass�XA low-expansion borosilicate glass (LEBG) made by Corning is well suited for applications in which high temperature, thermal shock, or resistance to chemical attack are primary considerations. On the other hand, Pyrex is typically less homogeneous and contains more striae and bubbles than optical glasses such as BK7. This material is well suited for application as mirror substrates, condenser lenses for high-power illumination systems, and or windows in high-temperature environments. Relevant properties of Pyrex glass are shown in FIG. 13 and TABLE 11.
3.25 �� 10−6/�X C.
(0�X to 300�X):
Softening Temperature (�X C.):
Melting Temperature (�X C.):
5.98 �� 109 Poisson's Ratio:
Magnesium Fluoride�XMagnesium Fluoride is a positive birefringent crystal grown using the vacuum Stockbarger technique with good vacuum UV to infrared transmission. It is typically oriented with the c axis parallel to the optical axis to reduce birefringent effects. High vacuum UV transmission down to 150 nm and its proven use in fluorine environments make it ideal for lenses, windows, and polarizers for Excimer lasers. MgF2 is resistant to thermal and mechanical shock. Relevant properties of Magnesium Fluoride are shown in FIG. 14.
Crystal Quartz�XCrystal Quartz is a positive uniaxial birefringent single crystal grown using a hydrothermal process. It has good transmission from the vacuum UV to the near infrared. Due to its birefringent nature, crystal quartz is commonly used for waveplates. Relevant properties of Crystal Quartz are shown in FIG. 15.
330†
3800†
1220†
Antireflection coatings�XThe most commonly used antireflective coating on plastic is a single layer (¼ thickness) of magnesium fluoride. When applied to a plastic element surface, the average reflectance (450 to 650 nm) can be reduced from about 4 percent to about 1.5 percent. Broadband, multilayer antireflective coatings can provide average surface reflectances of less than 0.5 percent across the visible band; typical broadband coatings comprise three or four layers. Narrowband, multi-layer antireflection coatings can yield surface reflectances less than 0.2 percent.
Dielectric Coatings�XIn general, any optical coating made from dielectric (non-conducting) materials. Specifically, high-reflection coatings made from a stack of alternate layers of high-and low-refractive-index material, with each layer in the stack having an optical thickness of a quarter wave at the design wavelength.
The reflection versus wavelength performance curve of a single dielectric stack has a characteristic flat top inverted V shape as shown in FIG. 16. Clearly, reflectance is a maximum at the wavelength for which both the high-and low-index layers of the multi-layer are exactly one-quarter-wave thick. Outside the fairly narrow region of high reflectance, the reflectance slowly reduces toward zero in an oscillatory fashion. Width and height (i.e., peak reflectance) of the high-reflectance region are functions of the refractive-index ratio of the two materials used, together with the number of layers actually included in the stack. The peak reflectance can be increased by adding more layers, or by using materials with a higher refractive index ratio. Amplitude reflectivity at a single interface is given by (1−p)/(1+p) where p=(nH/nL)N−1 ��nH 2/nS. nS is the index of the substrate, and nH and nL are the indices of the high-and low-index layers. N is the total number of layers in the stack. The width of the high-reflectance part of the curve (versus wavelength) is also determined by the film index ratio. The higher the ratio, the wider is the high-reflectance region. This performance curve is shown in FIG. 17.
HEBBAR coatings�XHEBBAR coatings exhibit a characteristic, double-minimum reflectance curve covering a range of some 300 nm in wavelength. The reflectance does not exceed 1.0% and is more typically below 0.6% over this entire range. Within a more limited spectral range on either side of the central peak, reflectance can be held well below 0.4%. HEBBAR coatings are somewhat insensitive to angle of incidence. The effect of increasing the angle of incidence, however, is to shift the curve to slightly shorter wavelengths and to increase the long wavelength reflectance slightly. These coatings are extremely useful for high-numerical-aperture (low f-number) lenses or steeply curved surfaces. In these cases, incidence angle varies significantly over the aperture. The transmission characteristics of a visible HEBBAR coating are illustrated in FIG. 18.
Laser-Line Coatings�XMultilayer dielectric reflective or antireflection (AR) coatings designed for a specific laser wavelength. At other than the design wavelength, the reflecting properties will vary greatly.
V-Coating�XV-coatings are multilayer antireflection coatings that reduce the reflectance of a component to near zero for one very specific wavelength. Typically, V-coatings are intended for use at normal incidence, for maximum reflectances of not more than 0.25% at their design wavelength. V-coatings are extremely sensitive to both wavelength and angle of incidence. For example, a V-coating intended for the helium neon wavelength (632.8 nm) when used at 30-degree incidence will reflect about 0.8%. At 45-degree incidence, the same coating will reflect over 2.5%. Experience shows that the maximum reflectance typically achieved by these coatings is often closer to 0.1% than the 0.25%. Using V-coatings on fused-silica optics can therefore provide exceptionally high external transmittances. The typical reflectance curve illustrated in the FIG. 18 is for a V-coating on BK7 optical glass. The coating is designed for a 633-nm helium neon laser.
EXAMPLE 1 The increased bit densities from short wave laser diodes are utilized to decrease duty cycle and corresponding power consumption. Assuming the present industry standard circular linear velocity read rate of 3.84 m/sec, the improved bit density from a short wave laser diode provides an increase in output bandwidth to 2.17 megabytes/second, an improvement of 1.57:1. Improved signal to noise also accommodate higher multiples n*X of linear velocity read rates and commensurate increases in output data bandwidth. The increased bandwidth of 2.17 megabyte per second results into a 17 megabit per second data stream, or essentially four times the bandwidth of a high resolution independent video stream. By buffering the overall operational duty cycle may be reduced to 25%. A buffer of 64 megabytes, 512 megabits, affords a buffer time of 2.13 minutes. A buffer of 640 megabytes provides a buffer time of 21.3 minutes. The increased bit densities from UV wave laser diodes may be similarly utilized to further decrease. duty cycle and corresponding laser diode/electronics power consumption. Assuming the present industry standard circular linear velocity read rate of 3.84 m/sec, the improved bit density from a UV laser diode provides an increase in output bandwidth to 4.19 megabytes/second, an improvement of 3.02:1. Improved signal to noise also accommodate higher multiples n*X of linear velocity read rates and commensurate decrease in duty cycle. The bandwidth of eight times the a high resolution video content stream affords a 12.5% duty cycle. Higher spin rates and increased circular linear bits densities have a correspondingly linear reduction of the duty cycle. For lower bandwidth data streams such as compressed audio, the duty cycles are correspondingly less�Xfor example 192 K bit high resolution audio would have a 20�� reduction in duty cycles (active duty cycles of better than 1.25% for blue and 0.4% for uv).
The thickness of the disk, including adhesive layer, spacer(s) and label(s), shall be e 1 = 1 ⁢ , ⁢ 20 ⁢ ⁢ mm ⁢ + 0 ⁢ , ⁢ 30 ⁢ ⁢ mm - 0 ⁢ , ⁢ 06 ⁢ ⁢ mm The disk shall have an overall diameter d1 =120.00 mm��0.30 mm
d 2 = 15 ⁢ , ⁢ 00 ⁢ ⁢ mm ⁢ + 0 ⁢ , ⁢ 15 ⁢ ⁢ mm - 0 ⁢ , ⁢ 00 ⁢ ⁢ mm �M�Q�ޥ� �ޥΪ��M�Q�ӽФ���o�G��� �ӽЪ��M�Q�W��US33735171966�~4��1��1968�~3��19��Jack S. 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(Copyright 2001).8"DataPlay, Inc.-Universal Recording Media-Industry," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp-files/en/industry/index.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002. (Copyright 2001).9"DataPlay, Inc.-Universal Recording Media-Industry," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp-files/en/industry/products-contentkep.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002. (Copyright 2001).10"DataPlay, Inc.-Universal Recording Media-Industry," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp-files/en/industry/products-digitalmedia.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002. (Copyright 2001).11"DataPlay, Inc.-Universal Recording Media-What's Playing on DataPlay," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp-files/en/whatsplaying/products.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, (Copyright 2001).12"DataPlay, Inc.-Universal Recording Media-What's Playing on DataPlay," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp-files/en/whatsplaying/products.jsp?action=details, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, (Copyright 2001).13"DataPlay, Inc.-Universal Recording Media-What's Playing on DataPlay," http://www/dataplay.com/servlets/ProductList?action=productSearch, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, (Copyright 2001).14"DataPlay,Inc.-Universal Recording Media-Industry," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp-files/en/industry/products-engines.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002. (Copyright 2001).15"Demographics profile," http://www.egghead.com/ShowPage.dll?page=hd-aboutus-demo-p, printed Sep. 29, 2001.16"Enter Your Bid," https://auctions.egghead.com/scripts/. . .LotNo=66044439, printed Sep. 29, 2001.17"Enter Your Bid." wysiwyq://218/http://auctions.egghead.com...5a99, printed Sep. 29, 2001.18"How Wink Works," http://www.wink.com/contents/howitworks.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.19"ICAP and HTML (ATVEF)," http://www.wink.com/contents/tech-icap.shtml. downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.20"Internet Archive Way Back Machine-Searched for http://www.egghead.com," printed Apr. 8, 2002 (Copyright 2001).21"Internet Archive Way Back Machine-Searched for http://www.onsale.com," printed Apr. 8, 2002, (Copyright 2001).22"Login/Logout," http://www.egghead.com/ShowPage.dll?page... 44439, printed Sep. 29, 2001.23"Making Digital Cinema Actually Happen-What it Takes and Who's Going to Do It," Steven A Morley, (Copyright 1998).24"New Credit Information," https://secure.fairmarket.com/secure/Cre...FM1001, printed Sep. 26, 2001.25"Onsale Invoice," http://www.onsale.com/cgi-win/invoice.exe, dated Jan. 19, 1998, printed Jan. 20, 1998, (Copyright 1997).26"Privacy and Security Policy," http://www.egghead.com/ShowPage.dll?page=hd-policy-policyandprivacy-p, printed Sep. 29, 2001.27"Quadrant 256MB, PC133 (PC-100 Compatible), 32X64, 7ns, 168-Pin, SdRAM DIMM Module (New)," wysiwyg://253/http://auctions.egghead.com...LotNo=65659811&BatchNo=0, printed Sep. 24, 2001.28"Registration," http://www.egghead.com/ShowPaqe.dll?page=reg-pagel-ceos&S=1, printed Sep. 26, 2001.29"Sell Goods to Egghead.com." http://www.egghead.com/ShowPage.dll?page=hd-aboutus-sellgoods-p, printed Sep. 29, 2001.30"Streaming Onto the Movie Screen, with Nary a Scratch," Karen J. Bannan, The New York Times, May 9, 2002, p. E5.31"The Wink System." http://www.wink.com/contents/tech-diagram.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.32"Universal Product Code (UPC) and EAN Article Numbering Code (EAN) Page," http://www.adamsl.com/pub/russadam/upccode.html, by Russ Adams, printed Sep. 24, 2001.33"What is Wink: Examples," http://www.wink.com/contents/examples.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.34"What's Playing on DataPlay-Everything Digital," DataPlay Digital Media Product Brochure, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, (Copyright 2000-2001).35"What's Playing on DataPlay-Everything Digital," DataPlay Micro-optical Engine Product Brochure, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, (Copyright 2000-2002).36"Wink Announces First National Advertising Partners: AT&T, Levi Strauss & Co., and GE," http://www.wink.com/contents/PressReleases/930708938/content.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, dated Sep. 9, 1988.37"Wink Broadcast Server," http://www.wink.com/contents/tech-wbs.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.38"Wink Client Software," http://www.wink.com/contents/tech-engine.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.39"Wink Communications, Inc., Changes the Advertising Landscape," http://www.wink.com/contents/PressReleases/930709807/content.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, dated Jan. 21, 1999.40"Wink Response Server and Wink Response Network," http://www.wink.com/contents/tech-wrs.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.41"Wink Studio and Wink Server Studio," http://www.wink.com/contents/tech-studio.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.42"Wink Television Press Room," http://www.wink.com/contents/PressReleases.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.43"Wink's History," http://www.wink.com/contents/history.shtml, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002.44"About us," http://www.egghead.com/ShowPage.dll?page=hd�Xaboutus�Xaboutus�Xp, printed Sep. 29, 2001.45"DataPlay, Inc.�XUniversal Recording Media�XDiscover," http://www/dataplay.com/jsp�Xfiles/en/discover/index-music.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, (Copyright 2001).46"DataPlay, Inc.�XUniversal Recording Media�XIndustry," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp�Xfiles/en/industry.contentproviders.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002. (Copyright 2001).47"DataPlay, Inc.�XUniversal Recording Media�XIndustry," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp�Xfiles/en/industry/index.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002. (Copyright 2001).48"DataPlay, Inc.�XUniversal Recording Media�XIndustry," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp�Xfiles/en/industry/products-contentkep.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002. (Copyright 2001).49"DataPlay, Inc.�XUniversal Recording Media�XIndustry," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp�Xfiles/en/industry/products-digitalmedia.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002. (Copyright 2001).50"DataPlay, Inc.�XUniversal Recording Media�XWhat's Playing on DataPlay," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp�Xfiles/en/whatsplaying/products.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, (Copyright 2001).51"DataPlay, Inc.�XUniversal Recording Media�XWhat's Playing on DataPlay," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp�Xfiles/en/whatsplaying/products.jsp?action=details, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, (Copyright 2001).52"DataPlay, Inc.�XUniversal Recording Media�XWhat's Playing on DataPlay," http://www/dataplay.com/servlets/ProductList?action=productSearch, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002, (Copyright 2001).53"DataPlay,Inc.�XUniversal Recording Media�XIndustry," http://www.dataplay.com/jsp�Xfiles/en/industry/products-engines.jsp, downloaded and printed on May 14, 2002. 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