Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/KR101230712B1/en
Timestamp: 2020-01-19 02:46:56
Document Index: 500681655

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 50', 'art 50', 'art 50', 'art 64', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 21', 'art 21', 'art 21', 'art 11', 'art 21', 'art 11', 'art 21', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 11', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 41', 'art 41', 'art 41', 'art 21', 'art 31', 'art 41', 'art 31', 'art 41', 'art 11', 'art 31', 'application No. 09', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 41', 'art 31', 'arts 178', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 31', 'art 11', 'art 11']

KR101230712B1 - Exposure equipment, exposure method and device manufacturing method - Google Patents
Exposure equipment, exposure method and device manufacturing method Download PDF
KR101230712B1
KR101230712B1 KR1020077002662A KR20077002662A KR101230712B1 KR 101230712 B1 KR101230712 B1 KR 101230712B1 KR 1020077002662 A KR1020077002662 A KR 1020077002662A KR 20077002662 A KR20077002662 A KR 20077002662A KR 101230712 B1 KR101230712 B1 KR 101230712B1
KR1020077002662A
KR20070041553A (en
소이치 오와
류 스가와라
2004-08-03 Priority to JP2004227226 priority Critical
2004-08-03 Priority to JPJP-P-2004-00227226 priority
2005-03-18 Priority to JP2005079113 priority
2005-03-18 Priority to JPJP-P-2005-00079113 priority
2005-08-01 Application filed by 가부시키가이샤 니콘 filed Critical 가부시키가이샤 니콘
2005-08-01 Priority to PCT/JP2005/014011 priority patent/WO2006013806A1/en
2007-04-18 Publication of KR20070041553A publication Critical patent/KR20070041553A/en
2011-03-01 First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=35787091&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=KR101230712(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2013-02-07 Publication of KR101230712B1 publication Critical patent/KR101230712B1/en
The exposure apparatus EX is equipped with the projection optical system PL, and the projection optical system PL has the 1st optical element LS1 closest to the image surface of the projection optical system PL. The exposure apparatus EX includes the first liquid immersion region LR1 of the first liquid LQ1 between the upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64 formed on the image surface side of the projection optical system PL and the first optical element LS1. ) And a observing device 60 for observing the state of the first liquid immersion region LR1. The state of the liquid immersion region can be grasped and optimal immersion exposure can be performed.
Exposure apparatus, exposure method, liquid immersion exposure
Exposure apparatus, exposure method, and device manufacturing method {EXPOSURE EQUIPMENT, EXPOSURE METHOD AND DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD}
TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to the exposure apparatus which exposes a board | substrate through a liquid, and a device manufacturing method.
A semiconductor device or a liquid crystal display device is manufactured by a so-called photolithography technique in which a pattern formed on a mask is transferred onto a photosensitive substrate. The exposure apparatus used in this photolithography process has the mask stage which supports a mask, and the substrate stage which supports a board | substrate, and transfers the pattern of a mask to a board | substrate through a projection optical system, moving a mask stage and a board | substrate stage sequentially. In recent years, further improvements have been required to increase the resolution of the projection optical system in order to cope with higher integration of device patterns. The resolution of the projection optical system is higher the shorter the exposure wavelength to be used and the larger the numerical aperture of the projection optical system. Therefore, the exposure wavelength used by an exposure apparatus is shortening year by year, and the numerical aperture of a projection optical system is also increasing. And although the exposure wavelength which is mainstream is 248 nm of KrF excimer laser, 193 nm of ArF excimer laser which is shorter wavelength is being put into practical use. In the case of exposure, the depth of focus (DOF) is also important, as is the resolution. The resolution R and the depth of focus? Are represented by the following equations, respectively.
? = ± k 2 ? / NA 2 ... (2)
Where? Is the exposure wavelength, NA is the numerical aperture of the projection optical system, and k 1 and k 2 are process coefficients. In formulas (1) and (2), when the exposure wavelength λ is shortened and the numerical aperture NA is increased in order to increase the resolution R, the depth of focus δ is narrowed.
When the depth of focus δ becomes too narrow, it is difficult to match the substrate surface with respect to the image plane of the projection optical system, and there is a fear that the focus margin during the exposure operation may be insufficient. Therefore, as a method of substantially shortening an exposure wavelength and widening a focal depth, the immersion method disclosed by the international publication 99/49504 pamphlet is proposed, for example. In this immersion method, a liquid immersion region is formed between a lower surface of a projection optical system and a surface of a substrate with a liquid such as water or an organic solvent, and the wavelength of exposure light in the liquid is usually 1 / n in air (n is the refractive index of the liquid). 1.2 to 1.6) to improve the resolution and to increase the depth of focus by about n times.
By the way, in order to perform the exposure process based on the immersion method satisfactorily, the immersion area should be made into the desired state. Therefore, after confirming the state of the liquid immersion area | region and confirming that a liquid immersion area | region is a desired state, it is preferable to perform exposure processing.
This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and an object of this invention is to provide the exposure apparatus and exposure method which can grasp the state of the liquid immersion area | region, and the device manufacturing method using the exposure apparatus and the exposure method.
MEANS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM In order to solve the said subject, this invention employ | adopts the following structures corresponding to each figure shown in embodiment. However, the code | symbol in the parenthesis added to each element is only an illustration of the element, and does not limit each element.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, an exposure apparatus which exposes the substrate P through the liquid LQ1 of the liquid immersion region LR1, which is the first optical element LS1 closest to the image plane as the projection optical system PL. And a liquid immersion mechanism for forming a liquid immersion region LR1 of the liquid LQ1 between the projection optical system PL having the first optical element LS1 and the predetermined surface 65 formed on the image plane side of the projection optical system PL. 12, 14, etc.) and the exposure apparatus EX provided with the observation apparatus 60 which observes the state of the liquid immersion area | region LR1.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, an exposure apparatus for exposing the substrate P through the liquid LQ2 in the liquid immersion region LR2, which is the projection optical system PL, the closest to the image plane of the projection optical system PL. A projection optical system PL having a first optical element LS1, a second optical element LS2 close to the image plane following the first optical element LS1, a first optical element LS1, and a second optical element Exposure apparatus EX provided with liquid immersion mechanisms 32, 34 etc. which form liquid immersion region LR2 of liquid LQ2 between LS2, and the observation apparatus 60 which observes the state of liquid immersion region LR2. ) Is provided.
Moreover, according to the 3rd aspect of this invention, it is an exposure apparatus which exposes the board | substrate P through the liquid LQ1 of the liquid immersion area | region LR1, and is provided to the light emission side of the optical element LS1 and the optical element LS1. Observation for observing the state of the liquid LQ1 between the optical element LS1 and the predetermined surface 65 and the liquid immersion mechanisms 12, 14, etc. for filling the liquid between the arranged predetermined surface 65 and the optical element LS1. An exposure apparatus EX having an apparatus 60 is provided.
According to the 1st-3rd aspect of this invention, since the observation apparatus which observes the state of the immersion area | region was formed, it can be confirmed whether the immersion area | region formed based on the observation result of the observation apparatus is a desired state. The substrate can be satisfactorily exposed through the liquid in the liquid immersion region by, for example, exposing the substrate after determining that the formed liquid immersion region is a desired state based on the observation result of the observation device. On the other hand, based on the observation result of the observation apparatus, when it is determined that the formed liquid immersion region is not in the desired state, appropriate treatment for changing the liquid immersion region to the desired state, for example, replacement of the liquid can be performed.
According to the 4th aspect of this invention, the device manufacturing method using the exposure apparatus EX of the said aspect is provided.
According to the 4th aspect of this invention, after confirming that the formed liquid immersion area | region is a desired state, exposure processing, a measurement process, etc. for manufacturing a device through the liquid of the immersion area | region can be performed favorably. Thus, it is possible to provide a device having a desired performance.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the substrate P is exposed through the liquids LQ1 and / or LQ2 of the liquid immersion regions LR1 and / or LR2 formed on the light emitting side of the optical elements LS1 and / or LS2. An exposure method comprising: exposing a substrate through a liquid in the liquid immersion region, exchanging the exposed substrate P with an unexposed substrate P, and a gas part in the liquid in the liquid immersion region during the exchange of the substrate. There is provided an exposure method comprising the step of detecting.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a good liquid immersion region can be maintained by detecting the state of the liquid immersion region by detecting a gas part in the liquid in the liquid immersion region, and performing necessary treatment appropriately for the liquid immersion region. In addition, since the detection of the gaseous portion is performed at the time of replacing the substrate, the detection of the gaseous portion does not affect the exposure operation, and the desired throughput of the exposure apparatus can be maintained. In addition, the "gas part in a liquid" includes not only the bubble in a liquid, but also the void in a liquid.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device manufacturing method comprising exposing a substrate by the exposure method of the present invention, developing the exposed substrate, and processing the developed substrate. . Since the device manufacturing method employs the exposure method of the present invention, a device having desired performance can be provided.
According to this invention, after confirming that the liquid immersion area | region is a desired state using an observation apparatus, a board | substrate can be exposed favorably.
1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an exposure apparatus according to a first embodiment.
2 is a plan view of the substrate stage and the measurement stage viewed from above.
3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view near the tip of the projection optical system.
4 is a view for explaining how the first liquid immersion region moves between the substrate stage and the measurement stage.
5 is a flowchart showing an example of an exposure procedure.
It is a figure which shows the state in which the observation apparatus is observing the liquid immersion area.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exposure apparatus according to a second embodiment. FIG.
8 is a diagram illustrating an exposure apparatus according to a third embodiment.
9 is a flowchart showing an example of observation timing by an observation device.
10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an exposure procedure according to the fourth embodiment.
It is a figure which shows the principal part of the exposure apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment.
It is a figure which shows an example of a degassing apparatus.
It is a schematic diagram which shows the observation apparatus provided with the illumination light source.
14 is a schematic view showing an example of a lighting device for illuminating an immersion region.
15 is a schematic view showing an example of a lighting device for illuminating an immersion region.
16 is a schematic view showing an example of a lighting device for illuminating an immersion region.
17 is a schematic view showing an example of a lighting device for illuminating an immersion region.
18 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device.
(Explanation of Symbols)
1: first immersion mechanism 2: second immersion mechanism
38: degassing apparatus 51: upper surface of substrate stage
58: measurement stage upper surface 60: observation device
61: optical system 62: adjustment mechanism
63: imaging device 64: transparent member
65: transparent member upper surface 300: reference member
400: uneven illumination sensor 500: spatial image measurement sensor
600: dose sensor CONT: control unit
DY: display device EX: exposure device
LQ1: first liquid LQ2: second liquid
LR1: first immersion region LR2: second immersion region
LS1: first optical element LS2: second optical element
P: substrate PL: projection optical system
PST1: substrate stage PST2: measurement stage
Carrying out the invention Best form for
1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an exposure apparatus EX according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 1, the exposure apparatus EX has the mask stage MST which can support and move the mask M, and the substrate holder PH which hold | maintains the board | substrate P, and has a board | substrate in the substrate holder PH. Measurement stage PST2 and mask stage MST that hold P and move a substrate stage PST1 that can move and measure a measurement relating to an exposure process, and that can move independently of the substrate stage PST1. Illuminated optical system IL for illuminating mask M supported by exposure light EL and pattern image of mask M illuminated by exposure light EL are supported on substrate stage PST. The projection optical system PL which projects on the board | substrate P which exists, and the control apparatus CONT which collectively control the operation | movement of the whole exposure apparatus EX are provided. The display apparatus DY which displays the information regarding an exposure process is connected to the control apparatus CONT.
The exposure apparatus EX of this embodiment is a liquid immersion exposure apparatus to which the immersion method is applied to substantially shorten the exposure wavelength to improve the resolution and to substantially widen the depth of focus, and includes a plurality of constituting projection optical systems PL. First liquid immersion between the lower surface T1 and the substrate P of the first optical element LS1 closest to the image plane of the projection optical system PL among the optical elements LS1 to LS7 with the first liquid LQ1. The 1st liquid immersion mechanism 1 which forms the area | region LR1 is provided. The 1st liquid immersion mechanism 1 is the 1st liquid supply mechanism 10 which supplies the 1st liquid LQ1 between the lower surface T1 and the board | substrate P of the 1st optical element LS1, and the 1st The 1st liquid collection | recovery mechanism 20 which collect | recovers the 1st liquid LQ1 supplied from the liquid supply mechanism 10 is provided. The operation of the first liquid immersion mechanism 1 is controlled by the control device CONT.
Moreover, the nozzle member 70 which comprises a part of 1st immersion mechanism 1 in the vicinity of the image surface side of the projection optical system PL, specifically, in the vicinity of the optical element LS1 of the image surface side edge part of the projection optical system PL. ) Is arranged. The nozzle member 70 is an annular member formed to surround the periphery of the tip of the projection optical system PL above the substrate P (substrate stage PST).
In addition, the exposure apparatus EX connects the second liquid (between the first optical element LS1 and the second optical element LS2 close to the image plane of the projection optical system PL after the first optical element LS1. The 2nd liquid immersion mechanism 2 which fills with LQ2) and forms 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 is provided. The second optical element LS2 is disposed above the first optical element LS1, and the upper surface T2 of the first optical element LS1 faces the lower surface T3 of the second optical element LS2. It is arranged. The second liquid immersion mechanism 2 includes a second liquid supply mechanism 30 that supplies a second liquid LQ2 between the first optical element LS1 and the second optical element LS2, and a second liquid supply mechanism ( A second liquid recovery mechanism 40 for recovering the second liquid LQ2 supplied from 30 is provided. The operation of the second liquid immersion mechanism 2 is controlled by the control device CONT.
The exposure apparatus EX in the present embodiment adopts a local liquid immersion method in which the first liquid immersion region LR1 is locally formed on a part of the substrate P. FIG. In addition, the exposure apparatus EX also locally forms the second liquid immersion region LR2 on a part of the upper surface T2 of the first optical element LS1. The exposure apparatus EX is disposed on the first optical element LS1 and its image surface side using the first liquid immersion mechanism 1 while at least transferring the pattern image of the mask M onto the substrate P. FIG. The first liquid immersion region LR1 is formed by filling the first liquid LQ1 between the prepared substrates P, and the first optical element LS1 and the second optical element are formed using the second liquid immersion mechanism 2. The second liquid LQ2 is filled between the LS2 to form the second liquid immersion region LR2.
In addition, the measurement stage PST2 is provided with the observation apparatus 60 which can observe the state of each of the 1st immersion area | region LR1 and the 2nd immersion area | region LR2. The observation device 60 is provided inside the measurement stage 60.
In this embodiment, as the exposure apparatus EX, the pattern formed on the mask M is exposed to the substrate P while synchronously moving the mask M and the substrate P in directions different from each other in the scanning direction (reverse direction). The case where a scanning exposure apparatus (so-called scanning stepper) is used is demonstrated as an example. In the following description, the synchronous movement direction (scanning direction) of the mask M and the substrate P in the horizontal plane is the X axis direction, and the direction orthogonal to the X axis direction in the horizontal plane is the Y axis direction (non-scanning direction). , Z-axis direction is made perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis directions and coincides with the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL. Further, the rotation (tilt) directions around the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis are taken as θX, θY, and θZ directions, respectively. In addition, the "substrate" said here contains the thing which apply | coated the resist on the semiconductor wafer, and the "mask" includes the reticle in which the device pattern to be reduced-projected on the board | substrate was formed.
The illumination optical system IL condenses the exposure light source which emits exposure light EL, the optical integrator which equalizes the illuminance of the exposure light EL emitted from the exposure light source, and the exposure light EL emitted from the optical integrator. A condenser lens, a relay lens system, and a field stop for setting an illumination region on the mask M by the exposure light EL. The predetermined illumination region on the mask M is illuminated with the exposure light EL of uniform illumination distribution by the illumination optical system IL. As the exposure light EL emitted from the exposure light source, for example, ultraviolet rays (g-ray, h-ray, i-ray) and KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm) such as light emitted from a mercury lamp (DUV light) In addition, vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV light) such as ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm) and F 2 laser light (wavelength 157 nm) and the like are used. In this embodiment, an ArF excimer laser light is used.
In the present embodiment, pure water is used as the first liquid LQ1 supplied from the first liquid supply mechanism 10 and the second liquid LQ2 supplied from the second liquid supply mechanism 30. That is, in this embodiment, the 1st liquid LQ1 and the 2nd liquid LQ2 are the same liquid. Pure water can transmit not only ArF excimer laser light but also ultraviolet light (DUV light) such as bright rays (g-ray, h-ray, i-ray) and KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm) emitted from a mercury lamp, for example. .
The mask stage MST is movable by holding the mask M, and is capable of two-dimensional movement in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL, i.e., in the XY plane, and microrotation in the θZ direction. It is possible. The mask stage MST is driven by a mask stage drive device MSTD including a linear motor or the like. The mask stage driving device MSTD is controlled by the control device CONT. On the mask stage MST, a moving mirror 52 which moves together with the mask stage MST is provided. Moreover, the laser interferometer 53 is provided in the position which opposes the moving mirror 52. As shown in FIG. The position and rotation angle of the mask M on the mask stage MST in the two-dimensional direction are measured in real time by the laser interferometer 53, and the measurement result is output to the control device CONT. The control apparatus CONT drives the mask stage drive apparatus MSTD based on the measurement result of the laser interferometer 53, and performs positioning of the mask M supported by the mask stage MST.
The projection optical system PL projects the pattern of the mask M onto the substrate P at a predetermined projection magnification β. The projection optical system PL is comprised from the some optical element LS1-LS7 including the 1st optical element LS1 provided in the front-end | tip of the board | substrate P side, and these some optical element LS1-LS7 Is supported by the barrel PK. In the present embodiment, the projection optical system PL is a reduction system whose projection magnification β is for example 1/4, 1/5 or 1/8. In addition, the projection optical system PL may have any of an equal magnification system and a magnification system. In addition, the projection optical system PL may be any of a reflection refractometer including a refractive element and a reflection element, a refraction system not including a reflection element, and a reflection system not including a refraction element. The exposure light EL emitted from the illumination optical system IL enters the projection optical system PL from the object surface side, passes through the plurality of optical elements LS7 to LS1, and then on the image surface side of the projection optical system PL. It is injected and reaches on the substrate P. Specifically, the exposure light EL passes through each of the plurality of optical elements LS7 to LS3, and then passes through a predetermined region of the upper surface T4 of the second optical element LS2, and the lower surface T3 of the lower surface T3. After passing through the predetermined region, it is incident on the second liquid immersion region LR2. The exposure light EL having passed through the second liquid immersion region LR2 passes through the predetermined region of the upper surface T2 of the first optical element LS1, and then passes through the predetermined region of the lower surface T1, and thus, the first liquid immersion. After entering the region LR1, it reaches the substrate P.
In this embodiment, the 1st optical element LS1 is a parallel plane plate of the refractive index which can transmit the exposure light EL, and the lower surface T1 and the upper surface T2 of the 1st optical element LS1 are substantially parallel. . On the other hand, the second optical element LS2 has refractive power (lens action). In addition, the first optical element LS1 may have refractive power (lens action).
The board | substrate stage PST1 has the board | substrate holder PH holding the board | substrate P, and is provided so that a movement is possible on the base BP from the image surface side of the projection optical system PL. The substrate stage PST is driven by the substrate stage driving mechanism PSTD1. The substrate stage drive mechanism PSTD1 is controlled by the control device CONT. The substrate stage driving mechanism PSTD1 includes, for example, a linear motor or a voice coil motor, and moves the substrate stage PST1 in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, respectively, in the θX, θY, and θZ directions. It is possible. Therefore, the substrate stage PST1 can move the substrate P held by the substrate holder PH in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, respectively, in the θX, θY, and θZ directions.
The moving mirror 54 is provided on the side surface of the substrate stage PST1. Moreover, the laser interferometer 55 is formed in the position which opposes the moving mirror 54. As shown in FIG. The position and rotation angle of the two-dimensional direction of the substrate P on the substrate stage PST1 are measured in real time by the laser interferometer 55, and the measurement result is output to the control device CONT. The control apparatus CONT drives the board | substrate stage PST1 through the board | substrate stage drive apparatus PSTD1 in the two-dimensional coordinate system defined by the laser interferometer 55 based on the measurement result of the laser interferometer 55 Positioning in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the substrate P supported by the stage PST1 is performed.
In addition, the exposure apparatus EX uses, for example, a focus detection system of an incorporation type system that detects the surface position information of the surface of the substrate P, which is disclosed in JP-A-8-37149. Have. The focus detection system detects a position (focus position) in the Z axis direction of the surface of the substrate P with respect to the image plane of the projection optical system PL. In addition, the focus detection system can obtain the attitude | position of the inclination direction of the board | substrate P by obtaining each focus position in each several point in the surface of the board | substrate P. FIG. The control apparatus CONT drives the board | substrate stage PST1 through the board | substrate stage drive mechanism PSTD1 based on the detection result of a focus detection system, the position (focus position) of the board | substrate P in the Z-axis direction, and , the positions in the θX and θY directions are controlled, and the surface (exposure surface) of the substrate P is aligned with the image plane formed through the projection optical system PL and the liquid LQ.
The focus detection system may be a device that detects the surface position of the substrate P without passing through the liquid LQ1 outside the liquid immersion region LR1, and detects the surface position of the substrate P through the liquid LQ1. You may use together with the apparatus to make. Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-505958 (corresponding US Patent 5,969,441) or US Patent 6,208,407, the positional information (unevenness information) of the surface of the substrate P is measured at a position away from the projection optical system PL. You may also
The recessed part 50 is formed on the board | substrate stage PST1, and the board | substrate holder PH is arrange | positioned at the recessed part 50. And the upper surface 51 other than the recessed part 50 among the board | substrate stage PST1 is set as the flat surface which becomes substantially the same height (surface one) as the surface of the board | substrate P hold | maintained by the substrate holder PH. The upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST1 has liquid repellency with respect to the first liquid LQ1. Since the upper surface 51 substantially flat with the surface of the substrate P was formed around the substrate P, the image of the projection optical system PL was also used when immersion exposure of the peripheral region of the surface of the substrate P. The first liquid immersion region LR1 can be satisfactorily formed by holding the first liquid LQ1 on the surface side. In addition, as long as the first liquid immersion region LR1 can be maintained satisfactorily, the surface and the upper surface 51 of the substrate P held by the substrate holder PH may have a step difference.
The measurement stage PST2 is equipped with various measuring instruments which measure about an exposure process, and is provided so that a movement is possible on the base BP from the image surface side of the projection optical system PL. The measurement stage PST2 is driven by the measurement stage drive mechanism PSTD2. The measurement stage drive mechanism PSTD2 is controlled by the control device CONT. And the control apparatus CONT can move each of the board | substrate stage PST1 and the measurement stage PST2 independently on the base BP via each stage drive mechanism PSTD1, PSTD2. The measurement stage drive mechanism PSTD2 has a configuration equivalent to the substrate stage drive mechanism PSTD1, and the measurement stage PST2 is similar to the substrate stage PST1 by the measurement stage drive mechanism PSTD2. It is possible to move in each of, and Z-axis directions, θX, θY, and θZ directions. Moreover, the moving mirror 56 for the laser interferometer 57 is provided in the side surface of the measurement stage PST2. The position and rotation angle in the two-dimensional direction of the measurement stage PST2 are measured in real time by the laser interferometer 57, and the control device CONT is based on the measurement result of the laser interferometer 57 in the measurement stage PST2. Control the position of.
The opening 64K is formed on the measurement stage PST2 arrange | positioned at the image surface side of the projection optical system PL, and the transparent member 64 is arrange | positioned at the opening 64K. The transparent member 64 is comprised by the glass plate, for example. In addition, the material of the transparent member 64 can select fluorite, quartz, etc. suitably according to the wavelength of the light guide | induced to the imaging element mentioned later. The upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64 is a flat surface. In addition, the upper surface 58 other than the opening 64K in the measurement stage PST2 image is also a flat surface. And the upper surface 58 of the measurement stage PST2 and the upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64 arrange | positioned at the opening part 64K are formed so that it may become substantially the same height (surface one), and the measurement stage PST2 The upper surface 58 of is formed to include the upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64. Moreover, it is preferable that the upper surface 58 of the measurement stage PST2 and the upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64 are liquid repellent with respect to the liquid LQ.
In addition, the upper surface 58 of the measurement stage PST2 including the upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64 is located at a position parallel to the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST1 including the surface of the substrate P. FIG. It is formed, and the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST1 and the upper surface 58 of the measurement stage PST2 are formed to have approximately the same height position.
In the measurement stage PST2, the internal space 66 connected to the opening 64K is formed. And the observation apparatus 60 is arrange | positioned in the internal space 66 of the measurement stage PST2. The observation apparatus 60 is equipped with the optical system 61 arrange | positioned under the transparent member 64, and the imaging element 63 comprised with CCD and the like. The imaging element 63 can obtain optical images (images) such as liquids LQ1 and LQ2 and optical elements LS1 and LS2 through the transparent member 64 and the optical system 61. The imaging element 63 converts the acquired image into an electrical signal, and outputs the signal (image information) to the control apparatus CONT. In addition, the observation apparatus 60 has the adjustment mechanism 62 which can adjust the focal position of the optical system 61. In addition, the observation apparatus 60 has the visual field which can observe the whole 1st immersion area | region LR1 and the 2nd immersion area | region LR2. As the imaging device 63, for example, a charge coupled device (CCD) can be used, and various devices can be used without being limited thereto. Moreover, the charge bonding element can also select suitably the element which is highly sensitive to the light (wavelength) incident on it.
Moreover, the whole of the observation apparatus 60 may be arrange | positioned inside the measurement stage PST2, for example, the optical element of some optical elements, the imaging element 63, etc. of the some optical elements which comprise the optical system 61 are measured. It may be arrange | positioned outside the stage PST2. In addition, the adjustment mechanism 62 may be omitted.
Alternatively, the imaging element 63 may be omitted, and the optical signal may be guided directly to the control device CONT through an optical fiber or a waveguide, and processed into an optical signal itself or photoelectric conversion in the control device. Alternatively, the optical signal may itself be guided to the display device DY to observe the states of the first liquid immersion region LR1 and the second liquid immersion region LR2 in the display device DY.
2 is a plan view of the substrate stage PST1 and the measurement stage PST2 viewed from above. In FIG. 2, on the upper surface 58 of the measurement stage PST2, as a measuring device, a pattern image is used to define the alignment position of the substrate P with respect to the image of the pattern of the mask M through the projection optical system PL. The reference member 300 for measuring the positional relationship (baseline amount) in the XY plane between the projected position of and the detection reference of the substrate alignment system (not shown) is formed. In the reference member 300, a reference mark PPF and a reference mark MMF are formed in a predetermined positional relationship. The reference mark (PFM) is a projection optical system by a substrate alignment system of the FIA (field image alignment) method disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 4-65603 (corresponding US Patent No. 5,493,403). It is detected without passing through PL) and the liquids LQ1 and LQ2. The reference mark MFM is, for example, a projection alignment system PL and a liquid LQ1 and LQ2 by a mask alignment system of a VRA (visual reticle alignment) method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-176468. Is detected through. In addition, the upper surface 58 is measured as a measuring instrument, for example, as described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 57-117238, or a projection optical system as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-267239. The top plate 401 constituting a part of the nonuniform sensor 400 for measuring the variation in the transmittance of the exposure light EL of the PL, and the spatial image measurement sensor 500 disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-14005. ) And a top plate 601 constituting a part of the radiation dose sensor (illuminance sensor) 600 disclosed in JP-A-11-16816. The upper surfaces of these reference members 300 and the upper surfaces of the upper plates 401, 501, and 601 are substantially flush with the upper surface 58 of the measurement stage PST2 and the upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64. In addition, the upper surfaces of these reference members 300, the upper surfaces of the upper plates 401, 501, 601, the upper surface 58 of the measurement stage PST2, and the upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64 have liquid repellency. It is.
In this embodiment, the measurement stage PST2 does not hold the board | substrate P as a dedicated stage for performing the measurement process regarding an exposure process, and the board | substrate stage PST1 mounts the measuring instrument which measures about an exposure process. I'm not doing it. In addition, the measurement stage PST2 is disclosed in more detail in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 11-135400, for example.
Next, the first liquid immersion mechanism 1 and the second liquid immersion mechanism 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the tip of the image plane side of the projection optical system PL.
The first liquid supply mechanism 10 of the first liquid immersion mechanism 1 supplies the first liquid LQ1 to the first space K1 on the image surface side of the first optical element LS1 of the projection optical system PL. do. The 1st liquid supply mechanism 10 is equipped with the 1st liquid supply part 11 which can deliver the 1st liquid LQ1, and the 1st supply pipe 13 whose one end part was connected to the 1st liquid supply part 11, have. The other end of the first supply pipe 13 is connected to the nozzle member 70. In the present embodiment, the first liquid supply mechanism 10 supplies pure water. The 1st liquid supply part 11 is a pure water manufacturing apparatus, the thermostat which adjusts the temperature of the 1st liquid (pure water: LQ1) to supply, the degassing apparatus for reducing the gas component in the 1st liquid LQ1 to supply, etc. Equipped with. Moreover, if predetermined quality conditions are satisfied, you may make it use the pure water manufacturing apparatus (use capacity) of the factory in which the exposure apparatus EX is arrange | positioned, without forming a pure water manufacturing apparatus in the exposure apparatus EX. Similarly, it is not necessary to provide all the temperature control apparatus, the degassing apparatus, etc. in the exposure apparatus EX, You may use the facilities, such as a factory in which the exposure apparatus EX is arrange | positioned instead of at least one of them.
Moreover, in the middle of the 1st supply pipe 13, the flow volume controller 16 called a mass flow controller which sends out from the 1st liquid supply part 11 and controls the amount of liquid per unit time supplied to the image surface side of the projection optical system PL is carried out. Is installed. The control of the liquid supply amount by the flow rate controller 16 is effected under the command signal of the control device CONT.
The first liquid recovery mechanism 20 of the first liquid immersion mechanism 1 recovers the first liquid LQ1 on the image surface side of the projection optical system PL. The 1st liquid collection | recovery mechanism 20 is the 1st liquid collection | recovery part 21 which can collect | recover 1st liquid LQ1, and the 1st collection pipe 23 whose one end part was connected to the 1st liquid recovery part 21. Equipped with. The other end of the first recovery pipe 23 is connected to the nozzle member 70. The first liquid recovery part 21 includes, for example, a vacuum system such as a vacuum pump (suction device), a gas-liquid separator that separates the recovered first liquid LQ1 and gas, a tank containing the recovered liquid LQ, and the like. Equipped. Moreover, you may use the equipment of the factory in which the exposure apparatus EX is arrange | positioned, without providing at least one part of a vacuum system, a gas-liquid separator, a tank, etc. in the exposure apparatus EX.
In the vicinity of the image plane side of the projection optical system PL, a nozzle member 70 which is an annular member is disposed. A gap is formed between the nozzle member 70 and the barrel PK of the projection optical system PL, and the nozzle member 70 is supported by a predetermined support mechanism so as to vibrately separate the projection optical system PL. have. The lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 faces the surface of the substrate P (upper surface of the substrate stage PST1).
In the lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70, a first supply port 12 for supplying the first liquid LQ1 to the substrate P is formed. The 1st supply port 12 is formed in multiple numbers in 70 A of lower surfaces of the nozzle member 70. As shown in FIG. Moreover, inside the nozzle member 70, the internal flow path 14 which connects the other end part of the 1st supply pipe 13 and the 1st supply port 12 is formed. One end of the internal flow passage 14 is connected to the other end of the first supply pipe 13, and the other end of the internal flow passage 14 is branched on the way so as to be connected to each of the plurality of first supply ports 12. .
Moreover, the 1st collection port 22 which collect | recovers the 1st liquid LQ1 on the board | substrate P is formed in 70 A of lower surfaces of the nozzle member 70. As shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the 1st recovery port 22 is made with respect to the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL so that the 1st supply port 12 may be enclosed by 70A of lower surfaces of the nozzle member 70. 1 is formed in a ring shape on the outside of the supply port 12. Moreover, the internal flow path 24 which connects the other end part of the 1st collection pipe 23 and the 1st collection port 22 is formed in the inside of the nozzle member 70. The internal flow passage 24 connects the annular flow passage 24K formed along the annular first recovery port 22 with a portion of the annular flow passage 24K and the other end of the first recovery pipe 23. It has the manifold flow path 24M. In the present embodiment, the porous body 22P is formed in the first recovery port 22. In addition, the structure (position of a supply port, a position of a recovery port, etc.) of the nozzle member 70 is not limited to what was mentioned above, A nozzle member of various structures can be used, The example is disclosed by US Patent Publication 2004/0165159. It is.
The operation of the first liquid supply part 11 and the first liquid recovery part 21 is controlled by the control device CONT. When forming the first liquid immersion region LR1 of the first liquid LQ1 in the first space K1, the control device CONT sends out the first liquid LQ1 from the first liquid supply part 11. The first liquid (1) on the substrate P from the first supply port 12 formed above the substrate P via the internal flow passage 14 of the first supply pipe 13 and the nozzle member 70. LQ1) is supplied. In addition, the 1st liquid LQ1 of the 1st space K1 is collect | recovered from the 1st collection port 22, and the 1st liquid LQ1 is carried out through the internal flow path 24 and the 1st collection pipe 23 of the nozzle member 70 by 1st. The liquid recovery part 21 is recovered.
In the present embodiment, the exposure apparatus EX is larger than the projection region AR on a part of the substrate P including the projection region AR of the projection optical system PL during the exposure of the substrate P. A local liquid immersion method is adopted in which the first liquid immersion region LR1 smaller than (P) is locally formed. Here, each of the lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 and the lower surface T1 of the first optical element LS1 is an approximately flat surface, and the lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 and the first optical element ( The lower surface T1 of the LS1) becomes substantially flat. As a result, the first liquid immersion region LR1 can be satisfactorily formed within a desired range. Moreover, the lower surface T1 which contacts the 1st liquid LQ1 of the 1st immersion area | region LR1 among the 1st optical elements LS1, and the 1st liquid of the 1st immersion area | region LR1 of the nozzle member 70 is carried out. The lower surface 70A in contact with the LQ1 has a lyophilic property to the first liquid LQ1.
The second liquid supply mechanism 30 of the second liquid immersion mechanism 2 includes a second liquid LQ2 between the second optical element LS2 and the first optical element LS1 of the projection optical system PL. It supplies to space K2. The 2nd liquid supply mechanism 30 is equipped with the 2nd liquid supply part 31 which can deliver the 2nd liquid LQ2, and the 2nd supply pipe 33 whose one end part was connected to the 2nd liquid supply part 31, have. The second liquid supply part 31 has a structure substantially the same as the first liquid supply part 11. That is, the 2nd liquid supply part 31 is a pure water manufacturing apparatus, the thermostat which adjusts the temperature of the 2nd liquid (pure water: LQ2) to supply, and the deaeration for reducing the gas component in the 2nd liquid LQ2 to supply. Device and the like. The other end of the second supply pipe 33 is connected to one end of the supply flow path 34 formed inside the barrel PK. Moreover, the other end of the supply flow path 34 is connected to the supply member 35 arrange | positioned inside (inner space) of the barrel PK. The supply member 35 is formed with an internal flow path through which the second liquid LQ2 flows, and is connected to the inner flow path at a predetermined position of the supply member 35, and the second liquid LQ2 with respect to the second space K2. ) Is provided with a second supply port 32. That is, with respect to the second space K2, the temperature is adjusted and the degassed second liquid LQ2 is supplied from the second supply port 32. Moreover, you may use equipment, such as a factory in which the exposure apparatus EX is provided instead of at least one of them, without forming all the pure water manufacturing apparatuses, a thermostat, a degassing apparatus, etc. in the exposure apparatus EX.
In addition, in the middle of the second supply pipe 33, a flow controller (mass flow controller) 36 is provided to control the amount of liquid per unit time that is sent out from the second liquid supply part 31 and supplied to the second space K2. have. The control of the liquid supply amount by the flow controller 36 is carried out under the command signal of the control device CONT.
The second liquid recovery mechanism 40 of the second liquid immersion mechanism 2 is the second of the second space K2 between the second optical element LS2 and the first optical element LS1 of the projection optical system PL. Recover the liquid (LQ2). The second liquid recovery mechanism 40 includes a second liquid recovery part 41 capable of recovering the second liquid LQ2, and a second recovery pipe 43 having one end connected to the second liquid recovery part 41. Equipped with. The second liquid recovery part 41 has a configuration substantially the same as that of the first liquid recovery part 21. The other end of the second recovery pipe 43 is connected to one end of the recovery flow path 44 formed inside the barrel PK. The other end of the recovery flow path 44 is connected to the recovery member 45 disposed inside (inner space) of the barrel PK. An internal flow path through which the second liquid LQ2 flows is formed in the recovery member 45, and is connected to the internal flow path at a predetermined position of the recovery member 45, and the second liquid LQ2 in the second space K2 is provided. A second recovery port 42 for collecting the gas is formed. In this embodiment, the recovery member 45 is an annular member surrounding the second liquid immersion region LR2, and the second recovery port 42 faces the second liquid immersion region LR2 in the recovery member 45. It is formed in multiple numbers. Moreover, the structure of the 2nd liquid immersion mechanism 2 is not limited to what was mentioned above, If it is possible to fill the optical path between 1st optical element LS1 and 2nd optical element LS2 with 2nd liquid LQ2, Various configurations can be adopted.
The operations of the second liquid supply part 31 and the second liquid recovery part 41 are controlled by the control device CONT. When forming the second liquid immersion region LR2 of the second liquid LQ2 in the second space K2, the control device CONT sends out the second liquid LQ2 from the second liquid supply part 31. The second liquid LQ2 is supplied from the second supply port 32 to the second space K2 through the second supply pipe 33, the supply flow path 34, and the internal flow path of the supply member 35. Moreover, the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd space K2 is collect | recovered from the 2nd collection port 42, the internal flow path of the collection member 45, the recovery flow path 44, and the 2nd collection pipe 43 It recovers to the 2nd liquid collection part 41 through the said.
In addition, as a degassing apparatus of the 1st liquid supply part 11 and the 2nd liquid supply part 31, the apparatus disclosed by international publication 2004/053950 can be applied, for the structure, The relationship with 12 will be described later in detail.
In addition, in this embodiment, the exposure apparatus EX is the second liquid (only in a part of the region AR 'through which the exposure light EL passes through the upper surface T2 of the first optical element LS1). The second liquid immersion region AR 'of LQ2) is locally formed.
In the present embodiment, the first space K1 on the lower surface T1 side of the first optical element LS1 and the second space K2 between the first optical element LS1 and the second optical element LS2. Is a separate space. The control apparatus CONT has the operation of supplying and recovering the first liquid LQ1 to the first space K1 by the first liquid immersion mechanism 1, and the second space by the second liquid immersion mechanism 2. The supply operation and the recovery operation of the second liquid LQ2 to K2 can be performed independently of each other, so that the liquids LQ1 and LQ2 from one side to the other in the first space K1 and the second space K2 can be performed. ) Does not occur.
Then, the first liquid LQ1 and the second optical path space in the first space K1 on the lower surface T1 side and the second space K2 on the upper surface T2 side are formed. By filling with the liquid LQ2, the reflection loss on the lower surface T3 of the second optical element LS2 or the upper surface T2 of the first optical element LS1 is reduced, and a large upper numerical aperture is ensured. The board | substrate P can be exposed favorably.
In addition, in this embodiment, since the 1st optical element LS1 is attachable / detachable (replaceable) with respect to the barrel PK easily, when the 1st optical element LS1 is contaminated, it is a clean agent. By replacing with 1 optical element LS1, the deterioration of the exposure precision and measurement precision through the projection optical system PL which are caused by the contamination of an optical element can be prevented.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the first liquid immersion region LR1 formed under the first optical element LS1 of the projection optical system PL is movable between the substrate stage PST1 and the measurement stage PST2. It is supposed to be done. When the first liquid immersion region LR1 is moved, the control device CONT uses the stage drive mechanisms PSTD1 and PSTD2 to contact or approach the substrate stage PST1 and the measurement stage PST2 in a state where the substrate stage ( The PST1 and the measurement stage PST2 are moved together in the XY direction to move the first liquid immersion region LR1 between the upper surface of the substrate stage PST1 and the upper surface of the measurement stage PST2. By doing so, the image plane side first space K1 (optical space) of the projection optical system PL is suppressed while suppressing the outflow of the first liquid LQ1 from the gap (gap) between the substrate stage PST1 and the measurement stage PST2. ) Can be moved between the substrate stage PST1 and the measurement stage PST2 in the state filled with the first liquid LQ1.
Thus, for example, when the substrate stage PST1 moves from under the projection optical system PL for the exchange of the substrate P or the like, the first liquid immersion region LR1 is measured on the substrate stage PST1. The observation device 60 and the reference member 300 while moving onto the PST2 while maintaining the first liquid LQ1 between the first optical element LS1 of the projection optical system PL and the image surface of the measurement stage PST2. ), An operation using at least one of the nonuniform sensor 400, the spatial image measurement sensor 500, and the radiation dose sensor 600 is executed via the first liquid LQ1. In this case, the result of the operation is reflected in the subsequent exposure operation or the like. In addition, when the substrate stage PST1 moves under the projection optical system PL, the first liquid immersion region LR1 moves on the measurement stage PST2 onto the substrate stage PST1, and thus the projection optical system PL The exposure operation of the substrate P is performed while maintaining the first liquid LQ1 between the first optical element LS1 and the upper surface (including the substrate P surface) of the substrate stage PST1.
Next, the procedure which exposes the board | substrate P using the exposure apparatus EX which has the structure mentioned above is demonstrated, referring the flowchart diagram of FIG. 5, and FIG.
First, the control apparatus CONT drives each of the 1st immersion mechanism 1 and the 2nd immersion mechanism 2 in the state which opposes the projection optical system PL and the transparent member 64 on the measurement stage PST2. Thus, each of the first liquid immersion region LR1 and the second liquid immersion region LR2 is formed (step SA1). As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, the first liquid immersion region LR1 is formed on the upper surface 58 of the measurement stage PST2 including the upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64.
The control apparatus CONT observes the state of the 1st liquid immersion area | region LR1 formed on the transparent member 64 using the observation apparatus 60 (step SA2). The observation device 60 observes the state of the first liquid immersion region LR1 on the upper surface 65 of the transparent member 64 through the transparent member 64. Moreover, when the observation apparatus 60 is observing the state of the 1st liquid immersion area | region LR1, the measurement stage PST2 is stopped substantially. The optical system 61 of the observation apparatus 60 is arrange | positioned in the internal space 66 below the transparent member 64, and the imaging element 63 is the 1st immersion area | region LR1 on the transparent member 64. An image of the first liquid LQ1 that forms the film is obtained through the transparent member 64 and the optical system 61. When observing the state of the first liquid immersion region LR1 using the observation device 60, the control device CONT uses the adjustment mechanism 62 to adjust the focus position of the optical system 61 to the first liquid immersion region ( LR1) in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the imaging element 63 can acquire the image of the 1st liquid LQ1 which forms the 1st liquid immersion area | region LR1 on the transparent member 64 favorably. Moreover, since the observation apparatus 60 has a larger visual field than the 1st immersion area | region LR1, it is possible to collectively acquire the image of the 1st liquid LQ1 which forms the 1st immersion area | region LR1.
In addition, the size of the first liquid immersion region LR1 may change depending on the amount of liquid supplied by the first liquid immersion mechanism 1 and the amount of liquid recovery, but the observation device 60 determines the maximum first liquid immersion region ( LR1) has a view to observe.
Image information about the first liquid immersion area LR1 acquired by the imaging device 63 is output to the control device CONT (step SA3). The control device CONT displays an image of the first liquid LQ1 forming the first liquid immersion region LR1 on the display device DY based on the signal (image information) output from the imaging element 63. do.
Next, the control apparatus CONT observes the state of the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 using the observation apparatus 60 (step SA4). The observation device 60 observes the second liquid immersion region LR2 through the first liquid LQ1 and the first optical element LS1 of the first liquid immersion region LR1. Moreover, even when the observation apparatus 60 is observing the state of the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2, the measurement stage PST2 is substantially stopped. When observing the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 using the observation device 60, the control device CONT uses the adjustment mechanism 62 to adjust the focus position of the optical system 61 to the second liquid immersion region ( LR2) in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the imaging element 63 can acquire the image of the 2nd liquid LQ2 which forms the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 favorably. In addition, since the observation apparatus 60 has a larger visual field than the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2, the image of the 2nd liquid LQ2 which forms the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 can be acquired collectively.
Image information about the second liquid immersion region LR2 acquired by the imaging device 63 is output to the control device CONT (step SA5). The control device CONT displays an image of the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2 on the display device DY based on the signal (image information) output from the imaging element 63. do.
Here, after observing the state of the first immersion region LR1, the state of the second immersion region LR2 is observed, but after observing the state of the second immersion region LR2, the first immersion region LR1 is observed. May be observed.
In step SA3 and step SA5, the control apparatus CONT performs arithmetic processing (image processing) on the signal output from the imaging element 63, and based on the processing result, the 1st, 2nd immersion area | region ( It is determined whether LR1 and LR2 are in a desired state (step SA6). The control device CONT determines whether or not particles or gaseous parts (such as gas lumps or bubbles) are present in the liquids LQ1 and LQ2. For example, the control device CONT receives the output from the imaging element 63 and determines the contrast for each pixel, regards the isolated pixel or group of pixels as the presence of bubbles in the liquid, such a pixel or group of pixels. The number and amount of bubbles can be obtained from the number of. Alternatively, the control device CONT may store image data of a plurality of liquid samples, which knows the number and amount of bubbles in advance, in the memory of the control device CONT, and determine the number or amount of bubbles in comparison with the data. do. In this case, the image data may correspond to the number or amount of bubbles in the average area and the average number of the pixel or dark portion of the pixel. The image data and the reference data may be stored in the memory of the control device, or may be stored in a memory formed separately in the exposure apparatus. In addition, it is also possible to detect the position and the size of the voids in the liquid in the same manner.
For example, immediately after the first liquid immersion mechanism 1 starts the forming operation of the first liquid immersion region LR1 (just after the supply of the first liquid LQ1 is started), the first liquid immersion region LR1 is projected. The possibility that the state which does not fully cover the area | region AR (liquid disconnected state) generate | occur | produces, or a bubble, etc. mix in the 1st liquid LQ1, arises. In addition, the state of the first liquid immersion area LR1 fluctuates according to the operating state of the first liquid immersion mechanism 1 and the like, as well as immediately after the formation operation of the first liquid immersion area LR1 starts. Is likely to occur. When the exposure process or the measurement process is performed through the first liquid immersion region LR1 in a state where such a problem has occurred, it becomes impossible to obtain good exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy. In this embodiment, by observing the state of the first liquid immersion region LR1 using the observation device 60, it is possible to grasp whether or not a problem occurs in the first liquid immersion region LR1. Similarly, even in the second liquid immersion region LR2, there may be a problem such as a liquid disconnection state or bubbles mixing, but by observing the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 using the observation device 60. It is possible to determine whether or not a problem occurs in the second liquid immersion region LR2. In addition, in this embodiment, although the observation apparatus 60 can observe (detect) the bubble whose diameter is 0.1 mm or more, for example, the observation (detection) capability of the observation apparatus 60 is the exposure apparatus EX. What is necessary is just to determine according to the line | wire width of the pattern formed on the board | substrate P, etc., for example, you may be able to observe the bubble of 0.01 mm or more.
When it is determined that the first and second liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2 are in a desired state, the control apparatus CONT performs measurement processing using each measuring instrument mounted in the measurement stage PST2 (step SA7). That is, the control apparatus CONT moves the measurement stage PST2 to XY direction, and moves the 1st immersion area | region LR1 from the transparent member 64 to the reference member 300, the upper board 401, and the upper board 501. ) And the top plate 601. For example, when the first liquid immersion region LR1 is moved onto the upper plate 401 of the illuminance nonuniformity sensor 400 on the transparent member 64, the control apparatus CONT is the projection optical system PL and the first. The exposure light EL is irradiated onto the upper plate 401 through the first liquid LQ1 of the liquid immersion region LR1 and the second liquid LQ2 of the second liquid immersion region LR2. The roughness nonuniformity is measured using the roughness nonuniformity sensor 400. Similarly, the control apparatus CONT sequentially moves the first liquid immersion region LR1 onto the reference member 300, the upper plate 501, and the upper plate 601, and the reference member 300 and the spatial image measurement sensor. Measurement processing is performed using each of the 500 and the dose sensor 600. And based on the measurement result using each said measuring device, the control apparatus CONT performs the calibration process of projection optical system PL, etc. suitably.
In addition, in parallel with the various measurement operations in step SA7 or before and after the measurement operation, the reference mark PFM on the reference member 300 is detected by a substrate alignment system (not shown), and the baseline amount is determined.
On the other hand, when it is determined that at least one of the first liquid immersion region LR1 and the second liquid immersion region LR2 is not a desired state, the control device CONT has the above-described problems (liquid disconnection state, mixing of bubbles, etc.). In order to solve the above problem or to solve the problem, the liquid supply to the space where the liquid immersion region is determined to be not desired is stopped, the liquid is recovered, and the liquid is supplied again. Seek to create an immersion area. Or in order to solve the said problem, appropriate measures, such as changing the operating states of the 1st, 2nd immersion mechanisms 1 and 2, are taken (step SA8). Here, the change of the operating states of the first and second liquid immersion mechanisms 1 and 2 is, for example, the first and second liquid supply mechanisms 10 and 30 of the first and second liquid immersion mechanisms 1 and 2. Change of the liquid supply amount per unit time, adjustment of the degassing apparatus provided in the 1st, 2nd liquid supply mechanisms 10 and 30, etc. are mentioned. Then, the state of the first and second liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2 is again observed using the observation device 60 (steps SA2 and SA4), and after confirming that the problem is solved, the measurement process (step SA7) Is carried out.
After the measurement process using the measurement stage PST2 is completed, as described with reference to FIG. 4, the control device CONT is the first liquid immersion region of the first liquid LQ1 formed on the measurement stage PST2. LR1 is moved onto the substrate stage PST1 supporting the substrate P. FIG. And after moving the 1st immersion area | region LR1 on the board | substrate stage PST1, the control apparatus CONT is a projection optical system PL, the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd immersion area LR2, and The exposure light EL is irradiated onto the substrate P through the first liquid LQ1 of the first liquid immersion region LR1 to expose the substrate P (step SA9).
Moreover, based on the image of the 1st, 2nd immersion area | region LR1, LR2 displayed on the display apparatus DY, for example, whether an operator wants the 1st, 2nd immersion area | region LR1, LR2 is a desired state. It may be determined whether or not. In this case, an operator or the like commands the next operation to the control device CONT.
As explained above, since the observation apparatus 60 which observes the state of the 1st, 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR1, LR2 was formed, based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60, the 1st, 2nd formed 2 You can check whether the immersion areas LR1 and LR2 are in the desired state. And based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60, after determining the formed 1st, 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR1 and LR2 is a desired state, it exposes the board | substrate P, and then exposes the 1st, 2nd liquid immersion. The substrate P can be satisfactorily exposed through the first and second liquids LQ1 and LQ2 in the regions LR1 and LR2. On the other hand, based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60, when it determines with the gas (bubble) mixed in the formed 1st, 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR1, LR2, it is not a desired state. When the exposure process or the measurement process is performed through the second liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2, it is impossible to obtain good exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy. Therefore, the control apparatus CONT performs appropriate treatment for bringing the first and second liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2 into a desired state, and the first and second liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2 are in a desired state. After confirming that, the substrate P can be satisfactorily exposed by exposing the substrate P through the first and second liquids LQ1 and LQ2 of the first and second liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2.
Further, the first liquid immersion region LR1 is formed between the projection optical system PL and the transparent member 64 disposed on the image plane side of the projection optical system PL, and the observation device 60 provides the transparent member 64 with the transparent member 64. Since the first immersion region LR1 is observed through, the state of the first immersion region LR1 can be observed satisfactorily.
7 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment. In the following description, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the component same or equivalent to 1st Embodiment mentioned above, and the description is abbreviate | omitted or abbreviate | omitted.
As shown in FIG. 7, when observing the second liquid immersion region LR2 using the observation device 60, the control device CONT does not form the first liquid immersion region LR1 and does not form the second liquid immersion mechanism. (2) may be driven to form only the second liquid immersion region LR2. Also in this case, the observation device 60 can observe the second liquid immersion region LR2 of the second space K2 through the first optical element LS1.
In addition, the observation of the first liquid immersion region LR1 is performed before or after the observation of the second liquid immersion region LR2 in a state in which the second liquid immersion region LR2 is formed or in a state in which the second liquid immersion region is not formed. .
8 is a diagram illustrating a third embodiment. In FIG. 8, the observation device 60 is provided in the internal space 66 ′ of the substrate stage PST1. An opening 64K 'is formed in a part of the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST1 so as to be connected to the internal space 66', and the transparent member 64 is disposed in the opening 64K '. Thus, you may form the transparent member 64 and the observation apparatus 60 in the substrate stage PST1 which can hold | maintain the board | substrate P and is movable.
In addition, in each embodiment described above, the observation device 60 has a larger field of view than the first and second liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2, but the field of view smaller than the first and second liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2. You may have it. In that case, the 1st, 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR1 is moved about the projection optical system PL, moving the measurement stage PST2 (or board | substrate stage PST1) with which the observation apparatus 60 is mounted in XY direction. , LR2) and the field of view of the observation device 60 can be observed while moving relative to each other, whereby the entire area of each of the first and second liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2 can be observed.
In addition, a zoom optical system is mounted on the observation device 60 to change the size of the viewing field when observing the liquid immersion region LR1 and when observing the liquid immersion region LR2 or to enlarge a part of the liquid immersion region. You may observe.
Moreover, in embodiment mentioned above, based on the image information acquired by the imaging element 63 of the observation apparatus 60, the control apparatus CONT makes the 1st, 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR1 and the display apparatus DY into the display apparatus DY. Although the image of LR2 is being displayed, the observation apparatus 60 may have an image processing function and the display apparatus DY.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the control device CONT uses the observation device 60 to observe the operation when the first liquid immersion mechanisms 1 and 2 form the first liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2. Is performed, but the observation operation may be performed at predetermined time intervals or at predetermined substrate processing sheets.
In addition, during the exchange of the substrate P (for example, the exchange of the exposed substrate and the unexposed substrate), the liquid LQ1 is disposed between the first optical element LS1 and the measurement stage PST2 of the projection optical system PL. It is also possible to execute the observation operation while is maintained. In this case, although the observation operation | movement by the observation apparatus 60 can also be performed for every exchange of the board | substrate P, you may perform an observation operation for every predetermined | prescribed board | substrate process number of sheets. 9 shows an example of the observation timing by the observation device 60, and shows a procedure for performing the observation operation by the observation device 60 for each exposure process of four substrates. In addition, in FIG. 9, the process sequence following the exposure (exposure of a 1st board | substrate) of step SA9 demonstrated by the flowchart of FIG.
After the exposure process of the first substrate in step SA9, measurement of the baseline amount using the reference member 300 is performed (step SA10). Next, the exposure process of a 2nd board | substrate is performed (step SA11), and measurement of the transmittance | permeability fluctuation amount using the nonuniform sensor 400 is performed after that (step A12). Next, the exposure process of a 3rd board | substrate is performed (step SA13), and after that, the top surface position measurement using the spatial image measurement sensor 500 is performed (step SA14). Next, the exposure process of a 4th board | substrate is performed (step SA15), and then observation of the liquid immersion area | region LR1 by the observation apparatus 60 is performed (step SA16). Next, an exposure process of the fifth substrate is performed (step SA17), and steps SA10 to SA17 are subsequently performed repeatedly. In addition, the flowchart of FIG. 9 is only an example, The order of each operation | movement using the observation apparatus 60, the reference member 300, and the sensors 400 and 500 can be changed suitably, and the frequency of execution of each operation | movement is carried out. Can also be determined as needed.
In addition, the measurement member and measurement apparatus mounted in the measurement stage PST2 are not limited to what was mentioned above, What is necessary is just to mount various measurement members and a measurement apparatus as needed. For example, the wavefront aberration measuring apparatus disclosed in International Publication No. 99/60361 pamphlet (corresponding US application No. 09 / 714,183), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-71514, US Patent No. 6650399, or the like, for example You may mount the reflecting part disclosed in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 62-183522 to the measurement stage PST2.
In addition, in embodiment mentioned above, before and behind the board | substrate exchange operation of the board | substrate stage PST1, the 1st immersion area | region LR1 is moved to the other from one of the board | substrate stage PST1 and the measurement stage PST2. In order to contact or approach the substrate stage PST1 and the measurement stage PST2 for this purpose, the two stages may be touched or approached as needed in other operations. For example, an alignment process for detecting a plurality of alignment marks on the substrate P is performed before starting the exposure of the substrate P, but part of the first liquid immersion region LR1 is subjected to the substrate stage PST1 during the alignment process. In the case where there is a risk of deviating from the upper surface 51 of), two stages may be contacted or approached in order to hold the first liquid immersion region LR1. In addition, when a part of 1st immersion area | region LR1 may deviate from the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST1 during exposure of the board | substrate P, in order to hold | maintain 1st immersion area | region LR1, The stage may be contacted or approached. By doing in this way, even if the area of the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST1 is small, the first liquid immersion region LR1 can be maintained.
Although not specified in the flowchart of FIG. 9, the movement of the first liquid immersion region LR1 from one stage to the other stage is performed between the stages, and steps SA10, SA12, SA14, In parallel with each operation in SA16, an exchange operation between the exposed substrate and the substrate to be exposed next is performed using the substrate stage PST1.
In addition, it is not necessary to observe the 1st liquid immersion area | region LR1 and the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 for every observation operation | movement using the observation apparatus 60, and either may be observed only.
4th Embodiment is described. In the above-described embodiment, the control apparatus CONT determines whether or not the immersion region is in a desired state based on the observation result of the observation device 60 (step SA6 in FIG. 5), and the desired state of the immersion region is determined. If not, various measures are taken to solve the problem (step SA8 in FIG. 5). In the present embodiment, when there is a gas part such as air bubbles in the liquid forming the immersion region, the control apparatus CONT Supplies a degassed liquid LQ for a predetermined time as a treatment for reducing or eliminating the gas part. That is, the control apparatus CONT is a gas in the 2nd liquid LQ2 which forms the 2nd liquid immersion region LR2 based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60 mounted in the measurement stage PST2, for example. When it is determined that there is a portion, the degassed second liquid LQ2 is supplied to the second space K2 between the first optical element LS1 and the second optical element LS2 for a predetermined time, and the degassed second The second liquid immersion mechanism 2 is controlled to recover the predetermined amount of the second liquid LQ2 from the second space K2 in accordance with the supply amount of the liquid LQ2. As mentioned above, since the 2nd liquid supply part 31 of the 2nd liquid immersion mechanism 2 is equipped with the degassing apparatus for reducing the gas component in the 2nd liquid LQ2, the control apparatus CONT is made into the 1st 2 After sufficiently degassing the second liquid LQ2 using the degassing device formed in the liquid supply part 31, the second liquid immersion mechanism 2 is controlled to remove the degassed second liquid LQ2 from the first optical element LS1. ) And the second space K2 between the second optical element LS2. And the gas part (bubble) in the 2nd liquid LQ2 which forms 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 is supplied by supplying the 2nd liquid LQ2 fully degassed to the 2nd space K2 for a predetermined time. It can be dissolved in liquid (LQ2) to reduce or eliminate it.
10 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the operation of supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2 for a predetermined time. Here, the case where the observation operation | movement by the observation apparatus 60 is performed at the time of replacing | exchanging 2nd liquid LQ2 is demonstrated as an example. The exchange of the second liquid LQ2 refers to the second liquid immersion when the second liquid LQ2 is filled in the second space K2 between the first optical element LS1 and the second optical element LS2. The second space L2 is supplied to the second space K2 by the mechanism 2 and the recovery operation of the second liquid LQ2 in the second space K2 is performed in parallel to perform the second space. While recovering the second liquid LQ2 filled in the K2 from the second space K2, and supplying the clean new second liquid LQ2 adjusted to a predetermined temperature to the second space K2. Say.
In the present embodiment, the replacement operation of the second liquid LQ2 in the second liquid immersion region LR2 is performed for each lot of the substrate P (every predetermined substrate number of sheets). In the exposure of the substrate P, the second liquid LQ2 is filled in the second space K2 between the first optical element LS1 and the second optical element LS2, but the second liquid immersion mechanism ( The supply operation and the recovery operation of the second liquid LQ2 by 2) are not performed. By doing in this way, generation | occurrence | production of the vibration resulting from the liquid supply operation and collection | recovery operation | movement by the 2nd liquid immersion mechanism 2 can be prevented during the exposure of the board | substrate P. FIG. And the 2nd space K2 is made into the 2nd of the desired temperature by performing the operation of replacing | exchanging the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd immersion area | region LR2 for every lot of board | substrates P (per predetermined | prescribed board | substrate number of sheets). It can be filled with liquid LQ2.
When the second liquid LQ2 of the second liquid immersion region LR2 is replaced, the second liquid LQ2 is not completely removed from the second space K2 and is always in the second space K2. It is preferable to gradually replace the second liquid LQ2 previously filled in the second space K2 and the new second liquid LQ2 so that the liquid LQ2 is filled. By doing in this way, generation | occurrence | production of a gas part (bubble) in the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd immersion region LR2 with the exchange of the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd immersion region LR2 can be suppressed. .
After the exposure of the final substrate P of the predetermined lot is completed (step SA18), the control apparatus CONT performs the exchange of the second liquid LQ2 of the second liquid immersion region LR2 (step SA19). The control device CONT uses the second liquid LQ2 for the second space K2 by the second liquid immersion mechanism 2 in order to exchange the second liquid LQ2 of the second liquid immersion region LR2. The supply operation and the recovery operation of the second liquid LQ2 in the second space K2 are performed in parallel. Moreover, after exposure of the last board | substrate P of a predetermined lot is completed, the control apparatus CONT moves the measurement stage PST2 to the position which opposes the projection optical system PL, and the observation mounted in the measurement stage PST2 is carried out. The exchange operation of the second liquid LQ2 is started in the state where the device 60 can observe the second liquid LQ2 of the second liquid immersion region LR2.
After the replacement of the second liquid LQ2 in the second liquid immersion region LR2 is completed, the control device CONT observes the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 using the observation device 60. And the control apparatus CONT determines whether there is a gas part (bubble) in the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60 (step SA20). .
In step SA20, when it is determined that there is no bubble in the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2, the control apparatus CONT executes exposure of the substrate P of the next lot (step SA21). .
On the other hand, in step SA20, when it is determined that there are bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2, the control device CONT supplies the degassed second liquid LQ2 so as to be supplied for a predetermined time. The second liquid immersion mechanism 2 is controlled (step SA22). Here, in order to reduce or eliminate bubbles, the liquid supply amount per unit time when the second liquid LQ2 is supplied to the second space K2 and the second liquid LQ2 of the second liquid immersion region LR2 are exchanged. The liquid supply amount per unit time at the time may be substantially the same, and the liquid supply amount per unit time at the time of supplying the second liquid LQ2 to the second space K2 in order to reduce or eliminate bubbles is the second liquid immersion region LR2. The second liquid LQ2 may be larger than the liquid supply amount per unit time at the time of exchange.
11 shows a state in which the degassed second liquid LQ2 is supplied to the second space K2 after it is determined that there are bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2. Drawing. As shown in FIG. 11, the control apparatus CONT observes the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 by the observation device 60 from the second liquid supply part 31 of the second liquid immersion mechanism 2. The degassed second liquid LQ2 is supplied to the second space K2. In FIG. 11, the first liquid immersion region LR1 is not formed. The control device CONT observes the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 with the observation device 60, and the size or amount of bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2 is predetermined. The second liquid LQ2 sufficiently degassed from the second liquid supply part 31 is supplied to the second space K2 until the level becomes below the level, and the second liquid recovery part 41 supplies the second space. The second liquid LQ2 of K2 is recovered. By continuously supplying the sufficiently degassed second liquid LQ2 to the second space K2 for a predetermined time, bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 of the second liquid immersion region LR2 can be reduced or eliminated. For example, even if the bubble is attached to the upper surface T2 of the first optical element LS1 or the lower surface T3 of the second optical element LS2, the second liquid LQ2 sufficiently degassed is removed. The bubble can be lost by continuously supplying the two spaces K2 for a predetermined time.
The second liquid LQ2 supplied to the second space K2 in order to reduce or eliminate bubbles is the same liquid as the liquid filled in the second space K2 when the substrate P is exposed. In this embodiment, the degassing apparatus 38 formed in the 2nd liquid supply part 31 has the dissolved gas concentration of the 2nd liquid LQ2 supplied to the 2nd space K2 in order to reduce or eliminate a bubble, 5 ppm or less. The second liquid LQ2 is degassed so as to be. More specifically, the degassing apparatus 38 degass the second liquid LQ2 so as to satisfy at least one of the dissolved oxygen concentration of 5 ppm or less, the dissolved carbon dioxide gas concentration of 5 ppm or less, and the dissolved nitrogen concentration of 5 ppm or less. By suppressing the dissolved gas concentration of the second liquid LQ2 supplied to the second space K2 to 5 ppm or less, bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2 are suppressed by the second liquid LQ2. It can be dissolved in) and reduced or disappeared.
12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the degassing apparatus 38. The hollow hollow fiber bundle 172 is accommodated inside the housing 171 with the predetermined space 173 interposed therebetween. The hollow fiber bundle 172 is a bundle of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 174 having a straw shape in parallel, and each hollow fiber membrane 174 has a high hydrophobicity and excellent gas permeability (eg, poly 4 Methylpentene 1). Vacuum cap members 175a and 175b are fixed to both ends of the housing 171, and sealed spaces 176a and 176b are formed outside the both ends of the housing 171. The degassing apparatus 177a, 177b connected to the vacuum pump not shown is formed in the vacuum cap member 175a, 175b. In addition, sealing parts 178a and 178b are formed at both ends of the housing 171 so that only both ends of the hollow fiber bundle 172 are connected to the sealed spaces 176a and 176b. The inside of each hollow fiber membrane 174 can be made into a reduced pressure state by the connected vacuum pump. Inside the hollow fiber bundle 172, a pipe 179 connected to a predetermined liquid supply source is disposed. The pipe 179 is formed with a plurality of liquid supply holes 180, and the liquid LQ from the liquid supply holes 180 in the space 181 surrounded by the sealing portions 178a and 178b and the hollow fiber bundle 172. Is supplied. When the supply of the liquid LQ from the liquid supply hole 180 to the space 181 is continued, the liquid LQ flows outward across the layers of the hollow fiber membrane 174 which are bundled in parallel, so that the liquid LQ flows. It contacts the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane 174. As described above, since the hollow fiber membranes 174 are each formed of a material having high hydrophobicity and excellent gas permeability, the liquid LQ does not penetrate inside the hollow fiber membranes 174, and there is no gap between the hollow fiber membranes 174. It passes through and moves to the outer space 173 of the hollow fiber bundle 172. On the other hand, since the gas (molecule) dissolved in the liquid LQ is inside the hollow fiber membrane 174 in a reduced pressure state (about 20 Torr), the gas (molecule) moves to the inside of each hollow fiber membrane 174 (is absorbed). . Thus, the gas component removed (degassed) from the liquid LQ while traversing the layer of the hollow fiber membrane 174 is sealed spaces 176a and 176b from both ends of the hollow fiber bundle 172 as indicated by arrow 183. Is discharged from the deaerators 177a and 177b through In addition, the degassed liquid LQ is supplied to the second supply pipe 33 (second space K2) from the liquid outlet 182 formed in the housing 151. In this embodiment, the 2nd liquid supply part 31 makes the dissolved gas concentration of the 2nd liquid LQ2 supplied to the 2nd space K2 using the deaerator 38 into 5 ppm or less.
In addition, since the control apparatus CONT can calculate | require the magnitude | size of the bubble in the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2, and the quantity of bubbles, based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60, The time to supply the degassed 2nd liquid LQ2 from the 2nd liquid supply part 31 may be adjusted according to the magnitude | size or quantity of the bubble in the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2. A timer TM is connected to the control device CONT, and the control device CONT can manage the time by the timer TM, and the second liquid LQ2 degassed while managing the time is stored in the second space. By supplying to K2 for a predetermined time, bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2 can be reduced or eliminated. Specifically, when the size of the bubbles is large or the amount of bubbles is large, the control device CONT lengthens the time for supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2, and the size of the bubbles is small or the size of the bubbles is increased. If the amount is small, the time for supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2 is shortened. In this way, when the size of the bubble is large or the amount of bubbles is large, the bubble can be reliably reduced or disappeared. When the size of the bubble is small or the amount of bubbles is small, the bubble is reduced or lost. And waste of continuously supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2 can be omitted.
In addition, when the control apparatus CONT supplies the 2nd liquid LQ2 degassed from the 2nd liquid supply part 31 according to the magnitude | size or quantity of the bubble in the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2. The liquid supply amount per unit time of may be adjusted. For example, when the size of the bubble is large or the amount of bubbles is large, the control device CONT increases the liquid supply amount per unit time when supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2, and the size of the bubble is small. If the amount of air bubbles is small or the amount of bubbles is small, the liquid supply amount per unit time when supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2 is reduced.
And after supplying the degassed 2nd liquid LQ2 for predetermined time, based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60, the magnitude | size of the bubble in the 2nd liquid LQ2 which forms the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2, or After confirming that the quantity is below a predetermined level, the exposure of the substrate P of the next lot is started.
In the present embodiment, the control device CONT supplies the degassed second liquid LQ2 to the second space K2 for a predetermined time while observing the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 with the observation device 60. While the degassed second liquid LQ2 is being supplied to the second space K2, the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 may not always be observed using the observation device 60. For example, at the first time point, the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 is observed using the observation apparatus 60, and the second liquid immersion region LR2 is determined based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60. After determining that there is a bubble in the 2nd liquid LQ2 to form, the control apparatus CONT does not perform the observation operation of the observation apparatus 60, but the 2nd liquid LQ2 degassed from the 2nd liquid supply part 31 is carried out. May be supplied for a predetermined time. Then, after the predetermined time has elapsed, the control device (by checking whether or not the bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 in the second liquid immersion region LR2 is reduced or disappeared at the second time point using the observation device 60) CONT can determine whether to expose the substrate of the next lot or to further continue the supply of the degassed second liquid LQ2. Also in this case, since the control apparatus CONT can calculate | require the magnitude | size or quantity of the bubble in the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60 in a 1st viewpoint, The supply time for supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2 can be adjusted according to the size or amount. When adjusting the supply time of the degassed second liquid LQ2, the control device CONT can adjust the supply time while monitoring the timer TM.
In addition, in the present embodiment, after the replacement of the second liquid LQ2 in the second liquid immersion region LR2 is completed, the observing device 60 observes the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2. Observation of the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 by the observation device 60 may be performed while the second liquid LQ2 of the liquid immersion region LR2 is replaced.
11, when the observation apparatus 60 is provided in the measurement stage PST2, the observation operation | movement of the observation apparatus 60 and the exchange operation | movement of the board | substrate P on the substrate stage PST1 ( Exchange operation between the final substrate of the predetermined lot and the substrate of the next lot) can be performed in parallel. In addition, as demonstrated in 3rd Embodiment, the observation apparatus 60 may be provided in the board | substrate stage PST1. In this case, the operation | movement of the board | substrate P on the board | substrate stage PST1 can be performed before or after the observation operation | movement of the observation apparatus 60. FIG. In FIG. 11, when the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 is observed using the observation device 60, the first liquid immersion region LR1 is not formed, but the first liquid immersion region LR1 is formed. You may be. In this case, the observation device 60 observes the second liquid immersion region LR2 through the first liquid LQ1 of the first liquid immersion region LR1. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11, when observing the state of the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 using the observation apparatus 60, since the 1st liquid immersion area | region LR1 is not formed, the 2nd liquid immersion area | region The presence or absence of bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 forming the LR2 can be more accurately observed.
In the present embodiment, the replacement operation of the second liquid LQ2 in the second liquid immersion region LR2 is performed for each lot of the substrate P (that is, for each exchange of the mask M with respect to the mask stage MST). However, you may carry out every predetermined time interval or every predetermined number of substrate processing sheets.
In addition, in this embodiment, although the observation operation | movement by the observation apparatus 60 is performed every time the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd immersion area | region LR2 is replaced, the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd immersion area | region LR2 is carried out. ) May be performed at a timing other than that of replacement. For example, when supplying the 2nd liquid LQ2 to the 2nd space K2 in the state without the 2nd liquid LQ2, you may make it observe by the observation apparatus 60. FIG. Alternatively, even when one lot is in operation, when the substrate P on the substrate stage PST1 is replaced, the projection optical system PL and the measurement stage PST2 oppose each other, so that the observation device PST2 In the case of the structure provided with 60, the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 can be observed at the time of board | substrate exchange during the lot. And when it determines with the bubble in the 2nd liquid LQ2 which forms 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60, the control apparatus CONT will contact the board | substrate stage PST1. In order to reduce or eliminate bubbles in the second liquid immersion region LR2 without exposing the loaded substrate P, the degassed second liquid LQ2 can be supplied to the second space K2 for a predetermined time. have.
In addition, in this embodiment, although the operation | movement of the 2nd liquid LQ2 of the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 is performed every lot (or every predetermined time interval, every predetermined number of substrate processing sheets), even during exposure of the board | substrate P, The second liquid immersion mechanism 2 may always perform a supply operation of the second liquid LQ2 to the second space K2 and a recovery operation of the second liquid LQ2 of the second space K2. In this case, the state of the second liquid immersion region LR2 (the second liquid LQ2) is observed during the non-exposure operation such as during the exchange of the substrate P, and it is determined that there are bubbles in the second liquid LQ2. At this time, the control apparatus CONT performs the supply operation | movement and collection | recovery operation of the degassed 2nd liquid LQ2, without starting exposure of the next board | substrate P, and reducing or disappearing the bubble in 2nd liquid LQ2. Let's do it. At this time, the liquid supply amount per unit time when supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2 to the second space K2 in order to reduce or eliminate bubbles, and the second space K2 when exposing the substrate P. The liquid supply amount per unit time when supplying the second liquid LQ2 with respect to may be the same, and per unit time when supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2 to the second space K2 in order to reduce or eliminate bubbles. The liquid supply amount may be larger than the liquid supply amount per unit time when the second liquid LQ2 is supplied to the second space K2 when the substrate P is exposed.
In the present embodiment, when it is determined that there are bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region, the degassed second liquid LQ2 is stored in the second space ( When it is supplied to K2 for a predetermined time, but it is determined that there are bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2 without managing the liquid supply time of the degassed second liquid LQ2. While continuously or intermittently observing the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2 by the observation device 60 while supplying the degassed second liquid LQ2 to the second space K2, To stop supply of the degassed second liquid LQ2 and / or to irradiate the exposure light EL at a time when it is determined that the gas portion in the second liquid LQ2 has been reduced or disappeared to such an extent that the exposure or measurement is not affected. You may also
In the present embodiment, when it is determined that there are bubbles in the second liquid LQ2 forming the second liquid immersion region LR2, the degassed second liquid LQ2 is supplied to the second space K2 for a predetermined time. Although the control apparatus CONT judges that there is a bubble in the 1st liquid LQ1 which forms the 1st liquid immersion area | region LR1 based on the observation result of the observation apparatus 60, the degassed 1st liquid The first liquid immersion mechanism 1 may be controlled to supply the LQ1 for a predetermined time. Since the first liquid supply part 11 of the first immersion mechanism 1 also includes a degassing device, the first liquid supply part 11 of the first immersion mechanism 1 supplies the degassed first liquid LQ1. It is possible.
In each of the embodiments described above, when performing the observation operation using the observation device 60, the liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2 may be illuminated by the light from the light source as described in this embodiment. In this embodiment, various lighting methods and devices and structures for the same are described. For example, exposure light EX can be used as illumination light, and in this case, intensity | strength of exposure light EX may be reduced. Moreover, as a material of the transparent member 64, a transparent material (for example, fluorite, quartz, etc.) is selected suitably according to the wavelength of exposure light EX. Moreover, it is preferable to use the high sensitivity imaging element or detection element according to the wavelength of exposure light EX.
As shown in FIG. 13, the observation device 60 may have a light source 67 for illumination. As a light source for illumination, LED (white LED etc.) and EL element (inorganic EL sheet etc.) can be used, for example. In addition, a dark field illumination method or a brightfield illumination method may be used as an illumination method of illumination light, and it is also possible to switch between the darkfield illumination method and the brightfield illumination method. In this case, for example, the bright field illumination method is used to observe whether the space (K1, K2) is sufficiently filled with the liquid (LQ1, LQ2), and the small bubble in the liquid (LQ1, LQ2) using the dark field illumination method. You can also observe whether or not particles are mixed.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 14, the illuminating device 68 for illuminating the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 is observed over the 2nd immersion area | region LR2, ie, the 2nd immersion area | region LR2. You may arrange | position in the position which opposes the apparatus 60, and may irradiate illumination light from upper direction with respect to the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2. The lighting apparatus 68 can be comprised by LED (white LED etc.) and EL elements (inorganic EL sheets etc.), for example. The illuminating device 68 shown in FIG. 14 is provided so that advancing and retreating is possible with respect to the optical path space of the exposure light EL, and the control apparatus CONT is the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 using the observation apparatus 60. FIG. Is observed, the illumination device 68 is disposed in the optical path space of the exposure light EL, and the illumination light emitted from the illumination device 68 is irradiated from above with respect to the second liquid immersion region LR2. The illumination light emitted from the irradiation apparatus 68 can illuminate the second liquid immersion region LR2 of the second space K2 after passing through each optical element of the projection optical system PL. And when passing the exposure light EL through the projection optical system PL, such as when exposing the board | substrate P, the control apparatus CONT makes the illuminating device 68 move from the optical path space of the exposure light EL. Evade. In the example shown in FIG. 14, the illuminating device 68 is disposed between the mask stage MST (mask M) and the projection optical system PL, but is disposed above the mask stage MST (mask M). You may be.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 15, you may attach the illuminating device 68 to the lower surface of the mask stage MST. Also in this way, illumination light can be irradiated from upper direction to 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2. When the control device CONT observes the second liquid immersion region LR2 using the observation device 60, the control device CONT drives the mask stage MST and moves the illumination device 68 above the projection optical system PL. It arrange | positions and irradiates the illumination light emitted from the illuminating device 68 with respect to the 2nd liquid immersion area | region LR2 through each optical element of the projection optical system PL.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 16, the fluorescent member (fluorescent plate) 69 is held in the mask stage MST so that the light (lighting) generated from the fluorescent plate 69 is irradiated from above with respect to the second liquid immersion region LR2. You may also The mask stage MST is provided with an opening Km for passing the exposure light EL, but after the light generated from the fluorescent plate 69 passes through the opening Km, the respective optical elements of the projection optical system PL The second liquid immersion region LR2 is irradiated through the device. In order to fluoresce the fluorescent plate 69, for example, the fluorescent plate 69 may be irradiated with exposure light EL. Alternatively, a fluorescent plate opening portion different from the opening portion Km may be formed in a part of the mask stage MST, and the fluorescent plate may be fixed to the fluorescent plate opening portion.
It is also possible to illuminate the first liquid immersion region LR1 using the illumination light described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 16.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 17, by installing the illuminating device 68 in the vicinity of the nozzle member 70, and injecting illumination light from the illuminating device 68, the illumination light makes the 1st immersion area | region LR1 from the inclination direction. I can illuminate. In the example shown in FIG. 17, the lighting apparatus 68 is supported by a part of the body (column 100) of the exposure apparatus EX via the first supporting mechanism. The column 100 supports the flange PF formed in the barrel PK of the projection optical system PL. In addition, the column 100 can support the nozzle member 70 through the second support mechanism 82.
In addition, although the state of the liquid LQ1, LQ2 which forms liquid immersion area | region LR1, LR2 is observed through the transparent member 64 in the above-mentioned description, it observes instead of the illumination device 68 shown in FIG. An apparatus (for example, an imaging device and a bubble detector) may be provided and the 1st liquid LQ1 which forms the 1st liquid immersion area | region LR1 may be observed from the side. As such an observation apparatus, you may use the bubble detector disclosed in WO 2004/053958, for example. This bubble detector has a projection system and a detection system provided at positions away from the optical axis of the projection optical system. More specifically, the projection system and the detection system are provided in the scanning direction (X direction) with the projection area of the projection optical system interposed therebetween, and the detection light is injected into the liquid immersion area in the plurality of projection units of the projection system, and the liquid immersion is performed. When no bubbles exist in the region, the bottom surface or interface (herein, the upper surface of the transparent member 64) of the liquid immersion region is reflected and received by the light receiving system. When bubbles exist in the liquid immersion region, light is scattered by the bubbles, so that light is received by a separate light receiving system provided at a position different from the light receiving system, and the amount of bubbles is determined based on the amount of light received. Detection). The control based on the bubble detector, its detection method and the detection result is incorporated herein by reference in the context of WO 2004/053958. Moreover, the observation apparatus which can observe (check) the state of the 1st liquid LQ1 which forms the 1st immersion area | region LR1 from the side in the state in which the measurement stage PST2 does not oppose the projection optical system PL. May be provided in the measurement stage PST2. In this case, for example, even during the exposure of the substrate P held on the substrate stage PST1, the state of the first liquid immersion region LR1 formed on the substrate stage PST1 (substrate P) ( The presence or absence of bubbles in the liquid LQ1, leakage of the liquid LQ1, and the like can be checked using an observation apparatus provided in the measurement stage PST2.
Moreover, in each embodiment mentioned above, in the state which filled each of the 1st space K1 of the lower surface T1 side of 1st optical element LS1, and the 2nd space K2 of the upper surface T2 side with a liquid. The projection optical system PL used is employed, but the projection optical system PL used in the state where only the first space K1 on the T1 side is filled with liquid when the first optical element LS1 of the projection optical system PL is filled. It is also possible to employ. In this case, the observation target by the observation device 60 becomes only the first liquid immersion region LR1.
In addition, not only the observation device 60 of the immersion regions LR1 and LR2 but also the observation of the lower surface T1 of the first optical element LS1 of the projection optical system PL and the lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70. In addition, it can also be used for observation of the lower surface of the objective lens of the substrate alignment system (not shown). In this case, from the image acquired using the observation apparatus 60, the lower surface T1 of the 1st optical element LS1, the holding part of the 1st optical element LS1, and the lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70. It is possible to check the state of contamination such as or the like, or whether liquid (water) is attached to the lower surface of the objective lens of the substrate alignment system or the case body of the substrate alignment system.
Pure water was used as the liquid (LQ) in each embodiment mentioned above. Pure water can be easily obtained in large quantities in semiconductor manufacturing plants and the like, and has the advantage that there is no adverse effect on the photoresist on the substrate P, the optical element (lens), and the like. In addition, since pure water has no adverse effect on the environment and has a very low content of impurities, an effect of cleaning the surface of the optical element provided on the surface of the substrate P and the front end surface of the projection optical system PL can also be expected. have. In addition, when the purity of the pure water supplied from a factory etc. is low, you may make an exposure apparatus have an ultrapure water manufacturing machine.
In the above embodiment, when using an imaging device or a transmittance sensor when observing bubbles, an additive may be added in order to improve the sensitivity of those devices or the sensor. For example, you may add a pigment | dye in a liquid in order to make the distinction of bubble liquid clear. In this case, it is preferable that it is a pigment | dye which does not have an absorption band with respect to exposure light. The liquid to which such an additive was added may be used when immersion state is observed, and pure water without addition of the additive may be used during actual exposure.
And the refractive index n of pure water (water) with respect to exposure light EL whose wavelength is about 193 nm is known as 1.44, and when ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm) is used as a light source of exposure light EL, On the substrate P, the wavelength is shortened to about 1 / n, that is, about 134 nm, and high resolution is obtained. Since the depth of focus is about n times larger than that in air, that is, about 1.44 times, the depth of focus of the projection optical system PL is determined when the depth of focus that is the same as that used in air can be secured. It can increase more, and the resolution improves also in this point.
In order to increase the numerical aperture in the liquid immersion method, there is a method using a liquid having a high refractive index, for example, a liquid having a refractive index of 1.6 or more. In this case, in order to suppress the size (diameter) of the projection optical system PL, it is preferable to form part of the lens of the projection optical system (particularly the lens close to the image plane) with a high refractive index material. For example, it is preferable to form the 2nd optical element LS2 which contact | connects the 2nd liquid LQ2 among the optical elements in the projection optical system PL from at least one material of CaO (calcium oxide) and MgO (magnesium oxide). Do. In this way, a high numerical aperture can be realized under a size that can be realized. For example, even when an ArF excimer laser (wavelength 193 nm) is used, a high numerical aperture of about 1.5 or more can be realized.
In each of the embodiments described above, the first optical element LS1 disposed closest to the image plane side (substrate P side) is in the form of a parallel plane plate without refractive power, but the first optical element LS1 is In the case of having refractive power, it is preferable to form the first optical element LS1 disposed closest to the image plane side with at least one of CaO and MgO.
That is, a projection optical system for projecting an image of an object onto a substrate through a liquid in the liquid immersion region formed on the image plane side is disposed closest to the image plane side and formed of at least one of CaO (calcium oxide) and MgO (magnesium oxide) material. It is preferable to provide a 1st optical element. In addition, a projection optical system for projecting an image of an object on a substrate through a liquid in the liquid immersion region formed on the image plane side is disposed adjacent to the object side of the first optical element and the first optical element disposed closest to the image plane side. It is preferable that a 2nd optical element is provided and at least one of a 1st optical element and a 2nd optical element is formed from at least one material of CaO (calcium oxide) and MgO (magnesium oxide). For example, one of the first optical element LS1 and the second optical element LS2 can be formed of CaO (calcium oxide), and the other can be formed of MgO (magnesium oxide).
In addition, when the first optical element LS1 has refractive power, the optical path space between the first optical element LS1 and the second optical element LS2 may not be filled with the second liquid LQ2.
In addition, CaO (calcium oxide) and MgO (magnesium oxide) have intrinsic birefringence at the wavelength of the exposure light EL (for example, 193 nm), but the signs of intrinsic birefringence are CaO (calcium oxide) and MgO (oxidation). Magnesium) in opposite directions. Therefore, when one of the optical elements close to the image plane side (substrate P side) of the projection optical system is formed of CaO or MgO, the optical element in the vicinity of the optical element is formed of MgO or CaO, and the optical axis direction of these optical elements It is desirable to determine the thickness of so as to reduce the influence of intrinsic birefringence. Here, it is preferable that the crystal direction of these optical elements becomes constant. In addition, the optical element formed with CaO and the optical element formed with MgO do not need to be adjacent.
For example, considering the case where the second optical element LS2 is formed of MgO (or CaO) and the third optical element LS3 is formed of CaO (or MgO), these second optical element LS2 It is preferable to set the thickness in the optical axis direction and the thickness in the optical axis direction of the third optical element LS3 to be approximately proportional to the inverse of the intrinsic birefringence value of CaO and MgO. In the case described above, the first optical element LS1 closest to the image plane side (substrate P side) can be formed of quartz glass.
When the first optical element LS1 has refractive power, the first optical element LS1 is formed of MgO (or CaO), and the second optical element LS2 is formed of CaO (or MgO). The thickness in the optical axis direction of the first optical element LS1 and the thickness in the optical axis direction of the second optical element LS2 may be determined so as to be approximately proportional to the inverse of the intrinsic birefringence value of CaO and MgO.
By the way, when forming an optical element with CaO (calcium oxide), it is preferable to form the anti-reflective coat containing MgO (magnesium oxide) on the optical surface of the said optical element. In addition, when forming an optical element with MgO (magnesium oxide), it is preferable to form the anti-reflective coat containing CaO (calcium oxide) on the optical surface of the said optical element.
Moreover, when the immersion method is used as mentioned above, the numerical aperture NA of a projection optical system may be 0.9-1.5. When the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system becomes large in this way, in the randomly polarized light conventionally used as exposure light, the imaging performance may be deteriorated due to the polarization effect. Therefore, it is preferable to use polarized illumination. In that case, linearly polarized light illumination matched with the longitudinal direction of the line pattern of the line-and-space pattern of the mask (reticle) is performed, and the S polarization component (TE polarization component), that is, the length of the line pattern from the pattern of the mask (reticle) The diffraction light of the polarization direction component along the direction may be emitted. When liquid between the projection optical system PL and the resist applied to the surface of the substrate P is filled with liquid, When air between the projection optical system PL and the resist applied to the surface of the substrate P is filled with air (gas) Since the transmittance at the resist surface of the diffracted light of the S-polarized component (TE polarized component), which contributes to the improvement of the contrast, is increased, even when the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system exceeds 1.0, high imaging performance can be obtained. have. Moreover, it is more effective if a phase shift mask and an incorporation illumination method (especially the dipole illumination method) etc. matched to the longitudinal direction of the line pattern disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 6-188169 are combined suitably. In particular, the combination of the linearly polarized illumination method and the dipole illumination method is effective when the periodic direction of the line and space pattern is limited to a predetermined one direction or when the hole pattern is concentrated along the predetermined one direction. For example, when a halftone type phase shift mask having a transmittance of 6% (a pattern having a half pitch of about 45 nm) is illuminated using both a linear polarized illumination method and a dipole illumination method, a circumscribed circle of two light fluxes forming a dipole on the pupil plane of the illumination system Is 0.95, the radius of each light flux in the pupil plane is 0.125σ, and the numerical aperture of the projection optical system PL is NA = 1.2, the depth of focus ( DOF) can be increased by about 150 nm.
Further, a combination of linearly polarized light illumination and a small σ illumination method (an illumination method in which the sigma value representing the ratio between the numerical aperture NAi of the illumination system and the numerical aperture NAp of the projection optical system becomes 0.4 or less) is also effective.
Further, for example, an ArF excimer laser is used as exposure light, and a fine line and space pattern (for example, line and space of about 25 to 50 nm) is formed using a projection optical system PL having a reduced magnification of about 1/4. When exposing on the board | substrate P, depending on the structure of the mask M (for example, the fineness of a pattern and the thickness of chromium), the mask M acts as a polarizing plate by a wave guide effect, and reduces contrast. More diffracted light of the S polarized light component (TE polarized light component) is emitted from the mask M than diffracted light of the P polarized light component (TM polarized light component). In this case, although it is preferable to use the above-mentioned linearly polarized light illumination, even if the mask M is illuminated with randomly polarized light, even if the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system PL is large, such as 0.9-1.3, high resolution You can get performance.
In addition, when exposing the fine line and space pattern on the mask M on the substrate P, the possibility that the P polarization component (TM polarization component) becomes larger than the S polarization component (TE polarization component) by the Wire Grid effect However, for example, when the ArF excimer laser is used as the exposure light and the line-and-space pattern larger than 25 nm is exposed on the substrate P using the projection optical system PL with a reduced magnification of about 1/4, Since the diffracted light of the S polarized light component (TE polarized light component) is emitted from the mask M more than the diffracted light of the P polarized light component (TM polarized light component), the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system PL is 0.9 to 1.3 and Even in large cases, high resolution can be obtained.
And not only linearly polarized light illumination (S polarized light illumination) matched to the longitudinal direction of the line pattern of a mask (reticle), but also the tangent of a circle centering on an optical axis (circumference | surroundings) as disclosed in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 6-53120. The combination of the polarization illumination method and the incidence illumination method which linearly polarize in the direction of) is also effective. In particular, when the pattern of the mask (reticle) is not only a line pattern extending in a predetermined direction, but also a line pattern extending in a plurality of different directions is mixed (line and space patterns having different period directions are mixed), As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-53120, by using a polarization illumination method that linearly polarizes in the tangential direction of a circle centered on an optical axis in combination with an annular illumination method, high imaging performance is obtained even when the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system is large. Can be obtained. For example, a polarization illumination method of linearly polarizing a halftone phase shift mask (pattern having a half pitch of 63 nm) having a transmittance of 6% in a tangential direction of a circle around an optical axis and a circular illumination method (3/4 contrast ratio) are used in combination. In the case of illumination, when illumination (σ) is 0.95 and the numerical aperture of the projection optical system PL is NA = 1.00, the depth of focus (DOF) can be increased by about 250 nm than using randomly polarized light, and half pitch When the pattern is about 55 nm and the numerical aperture NA = 1.2 of the projection optical system, the depth of focus can be increased by about 100 nm.
In addition to the above-described various illumination methods, for example, the progressive focal exposure method disclosed in JP-A-4-277612 or JP-A-2001-345245, or multiple wavelengths (for example, two wavelengths) It is also effective to apply the multi-wavelength exposure method which obtains the same effect as the progressive focus exposure method using the exposure light.
In each embodiment mentioned above, the optical element LS1 is attached to the front-end | tip of the projection optical system PL, The optical characteristic of the projection optical system PL, for example, aberration (spherical aberration, coma aberration, etc.) by this lens ) Can be adjusted. Moreover, the optical plate used for the optical characteristic adjustment of the projection optical system PL may be sufficient as the optical element attached to the front-end | tip of the projection optical system PL. Or a parallel flat plate that can transmit the exposure light (EL).
And when the pressure between the optical element at the front end of the projection optical system PL and the substrate P generated by the flow of the liquid LQ is large, the optical element is not made replaceable, but the optical element is caused by the pressure. You may fix it firmly so that it does not move.
Moreover, in each embodiment mentioned above, although the structure between the projection optical system PL and the surface of the board | substrate P is filled with the liquid LQ, for example, the cover glass which consists of a parallel plane plate on the surface of the board | substrate P is used. The liquid LQ may be filled in the attached state.
Moreover, although the liquid LQ of each embodiment mentioned above is water, especially pure water, liquid other than water may be sufficient as it. For example, when the light source of the exposure light EL is an F 2 laser, since the F 2 laser light does not penetrate water, for example, a perfluoropolyether which can transmit the F 2 laser light with the liquid LQ. Fluorine fluid, such as (PFPE) and fluorine oil, may be sufficient. In this case, a lyophilic process is performed at a portion in contact with the liquid LQ, for example, by forming a thin film of a fluorine-containing material having a low polarity molecular structure. In addition, the liquid LQ is transparent to the exposure light EL and has a high refractive index, and is stable to the photoresist applied to the projection optical system PL or the substrate P (for example, Cedar oil) can also be used. Also in this case, surface treatment is performed according to the polarity of the liquid LQ to be used. It is also possible to use various fluids having a desired refractive index, for example, supercritical fluid or gas of high refractive index, instead of pure water as liquid (LQ).
Moreover, as the board | substrate P of each said embodiment, not only the semiconductor wafer for semiconductor device manufacture but also the glass substrate for display devices, the ceramic wafer for thin film magnetic heads, or the original of the mask or reticle used by the exposure apparatus. (Synthetic quartz, silicon wafer) and the like are applied.
As the exposure apparatus EX, in addition to the scanning exposure apparatus (scanning stepper) of the step-and-scan method which scan-exposes the pattern of the mask M by moving the mask M and the board | substrate P synchronously, the mask M and It can also apply to the projection exposure apparatus (stepper) of the step-and-repeat system which collectively exposes the pattern of the mask M in the state which stopped the board | substrate P, and moves the board | substrate P stepwise.
In the exposure apparatus EX, a refraction type in which the reduced image of the first pattern is not included in the projection optical system (for example, at a 1/8 reduction magnification) with the first pattern and the substrate P substantially stopped. It is also applicable to the exposure apparatus of the system which collectively exposes on the board | substrate P using the projection optical system. In this case, after that, in the state where the second pattern and the substrate P are substantially stopped again, the reduced image of the second pattern is partially exposed to the first pattern using the projection optical system and collectively exposed on the substrate P. The present invention can also be applied to a stitch type batch exposure apparatus. Moreover, as a stitch type exposure apparatus, it is applicable also to the exposure apparatus of the step-and-stitch system which partially transfers at least 2 pattern partially on the board | substrate P, and transfers the board | substrate P sequentially.
Moreover, this invention is applicable also to the twin stage type exposure apparatus. In the case of a twin stage type exposure apparatus, at least one part of the observation apparatus 60 may be formed in each of the two substrate stages holding a board | substrate, and at least one part of the observation apparatus 60 may be formed only in one board | substrate stage. have. The structure and exposure operation of the twin stage type exposure apparatus are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. Hei 10-163099 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 10-214783 (corresponding to U.S. Patent Nos. 6,341,007, 6,400,441, 6,549,269 and No. 6,590,634, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-505958 (corresponding to U.S. Patent No. 5,969,441) or U.S. Patent No. 6,208,407, to the extent permitted by law of the country designated or selected in this international application. The disclosure of this document is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
In addition, although the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated the case where this invention was applied to the exposure apparatus provided with the measurement stage and the board | substrate stage, this invention is applied also to the exposure apparatus provided with only one board | substrate stage, without providing a measurement stage. can do. In this case, at least one part of the observation apparatus 60 is mounted in the board | substrate stage as demonstrated in 3rd Embodiment mentioned above.
In addition, in each embodiment mentioned above, although the transparent member 64, the optical system 61, and the imaging element 63 are mounted in the board | substrate stage or the measurement stage, For example, in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 10-284412, As disclosed, the transparent member 64 is disposed on the stage, and the imaging device 63 is disposed on a member (for example, the base BP) formed separately from the stage, and the transparent member 64 is disposed through the transparent member 64. You may make it observe the state of the liquid LQ1, LQ2 which receives light in the imaging element 63 and forms liquid immersion area | region LR1, LR2.
In addition, in the 3rd Embodiment shown in FIG. 8, although the transparent member 64, the optical system 61, and the imaging element 63 are mounted in the board | substrate stage PST1, the transparent member 64 and the 1st light transmission system While arranging the optical system on the substrate stage PST1, the second light transmission system and the imaging element 63 are mounted on the measurement stage PST2, and the substrate stage PST1 and the measurement stage PST2 are predetermined. In the state of being in the positional relationship of the liquid, the light incident on the first light transmission system through the transparent member 64 is received by the imaging device 63 through the second light transmission system to form the liquid immersion regions LR1 and LR2. You may observe the state of (LQ1, LQ2).
In addition, in 4th Embodiment mentioned above, the bubble (gas part) is detected using the observation apparatus 60 which has the imaging element 63, and when a bubble is detected, the degassed liquid flows, and a bubble is made. Although the reduction or extinction is carried out, the method of detecting bubbles (gas portions) is not limited to the method of using the imaging element 63, and other liquids may be flown by detecting the bubbles and degassing them. For example, a light receiving element may be provided in place of the imaging element, and the light transmittance may be detected by the light receiving element by irradiating light to the liquid immersion region in the same manner as exemplified in the fifth embodiment. In this case, the amount of bubbles can be judged by obtaining the transmittance | permeability in the case where a bubble exists in a permissible range beforehand as a reference value, and comparing the detected value with respect to a reference value. Moreover, the installation position of such a light receiving element is not limited to the downward (optical axis position) of a projection optical system, You may provide in the position off from the optical axis of a projection optical system like the bubble detector disclosed in WO 2004/053958 mentioned above. .
And part or all of the observation apparatus 60 can also be comprised so that attachment or detachment is possible with respect to a measurement stage or a board | substrate stage.
In addition, the observation apparatus which observes the state of the 1st liquid immersion area | region LR1 mentioned above from the side may be arrange | positioned in exposure apparatus EX (it may be a part of exposure apparatus), or a unit separate from an exposure apparatus ( For example, it may be an optional module.
In addition, although the above-mentioned embodiment employ | adopts the exposure apparatus which fills a liquid locally between projection optical system PL and the board | substrate P, this invention is liquid immersion exposure in which the whole surface of the board | substrate which is exposure object is covered with liquid. Applicable to the device as well. The structure and exposure operation of the liquid immersion exposure apparatus in which the entire surface of the substrate to be exposed is covered with a liquid include, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 6-124873, 10-303114, US Patent No. 5,825,043, and the like. It is described in detail, and the contents of this document are used as part of the text description to the extent that the laws of the countries designated or selected in this international application are permitted.
As the kind of exposure apparatus EX, it is not limited to the exposure apparatus for semiconductor element manufacture which exposes a semiconductor element pattern to the board | substrate P, The exposure apparatus for liquid crystal display element manufacture or display manufacture, a thin film magnetic head, an imaging element (CCD) or the exposure apparatus for manufacturing a reticle, a mask, etc. can be applied widely.
In addition, although the above-mentioned embodiment used the light transmissive mask which provided the predetermined light shielding pattern (or phase pattern and photosensitive pattern) on the light transmissive board | substrate, it replaces this mask, for example, it is disclosed by US patent 6,778,257. As described above, an electronic mask that forms a transmission pattern, a reflection pattern, or a light emission pattern may be used based on the electronic data of the pattern to be exposed.
Moreover, the exposure apparatus of this invention is applicable also to the exposure apparatus of the type which does not have a projection optical system. In this case, the exposure light from the light source passes through the optical element and is irradiated to the liquid immersion region. As disclosed in the pamphlet of International Publication No. 2001/035168, the present invention is also applied to an exposure apparatus (lithography system) for exposing a line and space pattern on a substrate P by forming an interference fringe on the substrate P. Applicable
As described above, the exposure apparatus EX of the present embodiment is manufactured by assembling various subsystems including each component listed in the claims of the present application so as to maintain a predetermined mechanical precision, electrical precision, and optical precision. do. In order to secure these various accuracy, before and after this assembly, adjustment for achieving optical precision for various optical systems, adjustment for achieving mechanical precision for various mechanical systems, and electrical precision for various electric systems are performed. Adjustments are made to achieve. The assembling process from the various subsystems to the exposure apparatus includes a mechanical connection, a wiring connection of an electric circuit, a pipe connection of an air pressure circuit, and the like among various subsystems. It goes without saying that there is an assembling process for each of the subsystems before the assembling process for the exposure apparatus from these various subsystems. When the assembly process with respect to the exposure apparatus of various subsystems is complete | finished, comprehensive adjustment is performed and various precision is ensured by the exposure apparatus as a whole. The manufacturing of the exposure apparatus is preferably carried out in a clean room where temperature, cleanliness and the like are managed.
As shown in Fig. 18, a microdevice such as a semiconductor device includes a step 201 of designing the function and performance of the micro device, a step 202 of manufacturing a mask (reticle) based on the design step, and a description of the device. Step 203 of manufacturing a substrate, an exposure processing step 204 of exposing a pattern of a mask to a substrate by the exposure apparatus EX of the above-described embodiment, a device assembly step 205: a dicing step, a bonding step, Manufacturing process such as package process), inspection step 206 and the like. Incidentally, the exposure treatment step includes processes such as observation and treatment of the liquid immersion region described in Figs. 5, 9 and 10 and a developing process of the substrate.
According to the present invention, by identifying the state of the liquid immersion region, in particular, the presence of gas in the liquid in the liquid immersion region and appropriate treatment, the state of the liquid immersion region during actual exposure can be optimized, whereby good liquid immersion exposure can be realized.
An exposure apparatus for exposing a substrate through a projection optical system and a liquid in a liquid immersion region formed on the image plane side of the projection optical system.
The projection optical system has a first optical element closest to the image plane of the projection optical system,
A liquid immersion mechanism for forming a liquid immersion region between a predetermined surface disposed on the image plane side of the projection optical system and the first optical element;
An exposure apparatus comprising an observation device for observing a state of the liquid immersion region based on an image of the liquid forming the liquid immersion region.
The said observation apparatus observes the state of the said liquid immersion area | region through the predetermined surface arrange | positioned at the image surface side of the said projection optical system.
The predetermined surface includes a surface of the transparent member, and the observation device observes the liquid immersion region through the transparent member.
The exposure apparatus which has a stage movable at the image surface side of the said projection optical system, and the upper surface of the said stage contains the said predetermined surface.
At least one part of the said observation apparatus is provided in the inside of the said stage.
And the stage is movable while holding the substrate.
The stage includes a first stage and a second stage movable independently of each other, wherein the first stage holds and moves the substrate, and the second stage holds a measuring instrument that performs measurement related to an exposure process. The exposure apparatus which moves and the upper surface of the said 2nd stage contains the said predetermined surface.
The projection optical system has a second optical element next to the first optical element on the image plane of the projection optical system,
The liquid immersion mechanism includes a first liquid immersion mechanism for forming a first liquid immersion region between the first optical element and the predetermined surface, and a second liquid immersion region for forming a second liquid immersion region between the first optical element and the second optical element. Including a liquid immersion mechanism,
The observation apparatus is capable of observing each of the first immersion region and the second immersion region.
The observation apparatus observes the second liquid immersion region through the first optical element.
The said observation apparatus has the adjustment mechanism which can adjust the focus position of the optical system of the observation apparatus, and observes each of the said 1st immersion area | region and the said 2nd immersion area | region by adjusting the said focus position.
The observation apparatus has a larger field of view than the immersion region.
The viewing device has a smaller field of view than the immersion region,
The exposure apparatus which observes while moving the said liquid immersion area | region and said visual field relatively.
The said observation apparatus includes the display apparatus which displays the said image.
The said exposure apparatus includes an imaging element.
The said observation apparatus is an exposure apparatus which observes the mixing state of the gas in the liquid which forms the said liquid immersion area | region.
The liquid immersion mechanism has a degassing device for degassing liquid,
And a control device for controlling the immersion mechanism to supply the degassed liquid when it is determined that there is a gas part in the liquid forming the immersion region, based on the observation result of the observation device.
The degassing apparatus is an exposure apparatus which degass a liquid so that it may become 5 ppm or less of dissolved gas concentration.
The control apparatus supplies the degassed liquid while observing the state of the liquid immersion region to the observation apparatus.
And the control device adjusts the time for supplying the degassed liquid in accordance with the size or amount of the gas part in the liquid immersion region.
The projection optical system includes a first optical element closest to the image plane of the projection optical system, a second optical element next to the image plane after the first optical element,
A liquid immersion mechanism for forming a liquid immersion region between the first optical element and the second optical element;
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and 20,
The observation device includes an illumination device.
An exposure apparatus wherein the first optical element is formed of one of CaO and MgO, and the second optical element is formed of another of CaO and MgO.
An exposure apparatus having an antireflection coat of MgO on the surface of an optical element formed of CaO and an antireflection coat of CaO on the surface of the optical element formed of MgO.
An exposure apparatus for exposing a substrate through an optical element and a liquid in a liquid immersion region formed on the light exit side of the optical element,
A liquid immersion mechanism for filling a liquid between a predetermined surface disposed on the light emitting side of the optical element and the optical element;
Exposure apparatus provided with the observation apparatus which observes the state of the liquid between the said optical element and the said predetermined surface based on the image of the said liquid which forms the said liquid immersion area.
An exposure apparatus further comprising a projection optical system, wherein the optical element is an optical element closest to an image plane of the projection optical system.
The device manufacturing method using the exposure apparatus in any one of Claims 1-10, 20, 24 and 25.
An exposure method for exposing a substrate through a liquid in a liquid immersion region formed on the light exit side of an optical element,
Exposing the substrate through the liquid in the immersion region;
Exchanging the exposed substrate with an unexposed substrate,
During the exchange of the substrate, detecting the gas portion in the liquid of the liquid immersion region based on the image of the liquid forming the liquid immersion region.
And a step of reducing the gas portion in the liquid immersion region when the gas portion is detected in the liquid in the immersion region.
And the treatment includes recovering the liquid in the liquid immersion region while supplying the degassed liquid to the liquid immersion region.
The exposure method of exposing and exchanging the said board | substrate on a 1st stage, and detecting the gas part in the liquid of the immersion area | region on a 2nd stage.
Further comprising moving the liquid immersion region between a first stage and a second stage.
The method according to any one of claims 27 to 31,
The optical element includes a first optical element and a second optical element arranged in a sequence closer to the substrate at the time of exposure, the first space and the first optical element and the second optical element between the first optical element and the substrate. An exposure method in which a liquid immersion region is formed in at least one space of the second space therebetween.
Detecting a gas portion in the liquid of the liquid immersion region formed in the second space at the time of exchange of the liquid of the liquid immersion region formed in the second space.
Every time the exposure process of the predetermined number of board | substrates is completed, the gas part in the liquid of the said liquid immersion area | region is detected.
Exposing the substrate by the exposure method according to any one of claims 27 to 31;
Developing the exposed substrate;
Processing the developed substrate.
At least one part of the said observation apparatus contains the imaging element for acquiring the said image.
The said observation apparatus acquires the image of the said liquid which forms the said liquid immersion area | region through the said transparent member with the said imaging element.
The said observation apparatus is an exposure apparatus which has a visual field larger than the said liquid immersion area | region.
The observation device has a smaller field of view than the liquid immersion region,
The said predetermined surface is an exposure apparatus containing the surface of the transparent member arrange | positioned at the light emission side of the said optical element.
The said observation apparatus contains an imaging element, and acquires the image of the said liquid between the said optical element and the said predetermined surface with the said imaging element via the said transparent member.
The predetermined surface comprises a surface of a transparent member,
The observation apparatus observes the liquid immersion region through the transparent member.
It has a stage movable on the light emission side of the optical element,
The upper surface of the stage includes the predetermined surface.
As an image acquisition method used for an exposure apparatus for exposing a substrate through a liquid in a liquid immersion region formed on the light exit side of an optical element,
Forming a liquid immersion region between the predetermined surface disposed on the light emitting side of the optical element and the optical element;
And acquiring an image of the liquid forming the liquid immersion region.
The method of claim 46,
And observing the state of the liquid immersion area by the acquired image.
An image acquisition method, wherein the state of the liquid immersion region is observed through the transparent member.
49. The method of claim 48 wherein
The exposure apparatus has a stage movable on the light exit side of the optical element,
An image acquisition method, wherein an image pickup device for acquiring the image is provided inside the stage.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, 20 and 24,
The exposure apparatus, wherein the liquid immersion region is formed on the substrate.
KR1020077002662A 2004-08-03 2005-08-01 Exposure equipment, exposure method and device manufacturing method KR101230712B1 (en)
JP2004227226 2004-08-03
JPJP-P-2004-00227226 2004-08-03
JP2005079113 2005-03-18
JPJP-P-2005-00079113 2005-03-18
PCT/JP2005/014011 WO2006013806A1 (en) 2004-08-03 2005-08-01 Exposure equipment, exposure method and device manufacturing method
KR20070041553A KR20070041553A (en) 2007-04-18
KR101230712B1 true KR101230712B1 (en) 2013-02-07
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KR1020077002662A KR101230712B1 (en) 2004-08-03 2005-08-01 Exposure equipment, exposure method and device manufacturing method
KR1020117031692A KR101337007B1 (en) 2004-08-03 2005-08-01 Exposure equipment, exposure method and device manufacturing method
KR1020127028926A KR101354801B1 (en) 2004-08-03 2005-08-01 Exposure equipment, exposure method and device manufacturing method
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WO (1) WO2006013806A1 (en)
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