Source: https://wiki.mnceh.org/index.php?title=Childhood_Cancer:_Solvents:_Benzene_and_TCE&diff=339
Timestamp: 2019-12-07 14:35:50
Document Index: 307522418

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 29', '§ 75', '§ 691', '§ 10', 'art1', '§ 75', '§ 691', '§ 10']

(→‎Policy Summary and Analysis)
;Benzene
# Michigan Policy Highlights
## In Michigan, hazardous materials, including benzene, are to be kept, transported, handled, and disposed of in a manner that shall not risk a fire hazard or menace to public peace, health, or safety, or cause risk of loss or damage to persons or property (MCL § 29.5).
## Suspected or confirmed leakages of underground storage tanks containing fuel must be reported to the state within 24 hours. It is the owner’s responsibility to identify and mitigate any hazards
# Analysis and Policy Highlights of Other States
## The California legislature considers benzene a toxic air contaminant released by cars and trucks. As such, all schools must be at least 500 feet from freeways and very busy roadways, as concentrations of benzene from fuel exhaust were found to be highest within 500 feet of roads (Cal Ed Code 17213; Cal Pub Resources Code 21151.8).
## In California, gasoline and diesel pumps are required to have hold-open latches in order to reduce the risk of consumers coming in contact with benzene in fuel. The implementation cost of this statute at a typical gas station was estimated to be only $55 (Cal Health &Saf Code 41960.6).
## In Vermont, all underground storage tanks holding fuel, oil, or non-petroleum hazardous chemicals must be registered with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, 2009).
# Evaluations and Recommendations
## Michigan should enact more stringent practices to reduce exposure to benzene in fuel exhaust. These should include changes made to fueling station systems in the state and building codes placing greater distances between busy roadways and certain types of buildings, including schools.
## Require fueling stations to have “hold-open” latches at fuel pumps, allowing consumers to avoid inhalation of fuel fumes and the benzene contained in the fuel, as California has done.
;1,1,2-Trichloroethylene
##There was no Michigan legislation that met the criteria for our search.
# Analysis and Policy Highlights from Other States
## In Montana, it is unlawful for any person to distribute, sell, or offer for sale within the state quantities of 20 gallons or more of any halogenated solvent annually—including TCE—to any single purchaser for commercial or government use unless the purchaser possesses proof of registration with the state government (Mont. Code Anno. § 75-10-451).
## In Pennsylvania, it is unlawful for any person or municipality to put, place, discharge, or allow the discharge of TCE into the waters of the Commonwealth, or to perform actions discharging TCE from property owned by the person or municipality that would result in TCE being discharged into the waters of the Commonwealth (35 P.S. § 691.401).
## In Virginia, it is unlawful for any person to knowingly sell or distribute for retail sale in the Commonwealth any product used in or as adhesives for hardwood floors if they contain TCE. It is also unlawful to sell or distribute for retail sale in the Commonwealth any product for household or residential use that contains TCE manufactured on or after January 1, 2004 (Va. Code Anno. § 10.1-1424.2).
## Michigan should prohibit the discharge of TCE and mixtures containing TCE into any water source within the state’s borders.
## Michigan should ban household products containing TCE.
## Michigan should limit the amount of TCE purchased per customer.
=== Summary of Recommendations for Solvent Policy in Michigan ===
Michigan currently has very limited legislation regarding public health and solvents. In order to strengthen policy and protect the health of Michigan residents, the state should:
* Enact legislation requiring that newly constructed schools and daycare centers be built away from busy roadways where exposure to benzene in fuel exhaust is heightened, similar to what has been done in California.
* Require fueling stations to have “hold-open” latches at fuel pumps, allowing consumers to avoid inhalation of fuel fumes and the benzene contained in the fuel, as California has done.
* Ban household products containing 1,1,2-trichloroethylene, as has been done in Virginia.
* Ban the discharge of TCE or any compounds or mixtures containing TCE into bodies of water within the state or under the jurisdiction of the state, similar to what has been done in Pennsylvania.
* Limit the amount of TCE that may be purchased by any single person or entity for a given time period, like what has been done in Montana.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2007. ToxFAQs: Benzene. Accessed September 4, 2009, at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts3.html.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2003. ToxFAQs: Trichloroethylene. Accessed September 4, 2009, at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts19.html#bookmark01.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2011. Medical Management Guitelines (MMGs): Benzene. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/mmg.asp?id=35&tid=14.
Anderson LM 2006. Environmental genotoxicants/carcinogens and childhood cancer: Bridgeable gaps in scientific knowledge. Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 608(2): 136-156.
Bruckner JV, Warren DA. 2001. Toxic effects of solvents and vapors. In: Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, The Basic Science of Poisons, 6th Edition. Curtis D. Klaassen, Editor. McGraw-Hill, Chicago. p. 869-916.
Clapp RW, Howe GK, Jacobs MM. 2005. Environmental and Occupational Causes of Cancer: A Review of Recent Scientific Literature. Lowell Center for Sustainable Production. Accessed September 2, 2009 at: http://www.sustainableproduction.org/proj.envh.canc.causes.shtml.
Colt JS, Blair A. 1998.Parental occupational exposures and risk of childhood cancer.Environmental Health Perspectives.106(S3):909-925.
Environmental Working Group (EWG). 2005. National Tap Water Quality Database. Accessed September 8, 2009 at: http://www.ewg.org/tapwater/contaminants/contaminant.php?contamcode=2990.
Fagliano JA, Berry M, Kohler BA, Klotz JB, and Imtiaz R. 2003. Case-control study of childhood cancers in Dover Township (Ocean County), New Jersey: Summary of the final technical report. New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
Feychting, M., Plato, N., Nise, G., & Ahlbom, A. 2001. Paternal occupational exposures and childhood cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives 109(2): 193-196.
Glass DC, Gray CN, Jolley DJ, Gibbons C, Sim MR, Fritschi L, et al. 2003. Leukemia risk associated with low-level benzene exposure. Epidemiology 14(5):569-77.
Infante-Rivard C, Siemiatycki J, Lakhani R, Nadon L.2005. Maternal exposure to occupational solvents and childhood leukemia. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:787-792.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1995. IARC Monographs 63:159. Accessed September 3, 2009 at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol63/volume63.pdf.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1987. IARC Monographs 29:93. Accessed September 3, 2009 at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol29/volume29.pdf.
Mehlman MA. 2006. Causal relationship between non-hodgkin's lymphoma and exposure to benzene and benzene-containing solvents. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1076:120-8.
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ). 2007. Michigan 2007 TRI Summary Report by Chemical. Accessed September 3, 2009 at: http://www.deq.state.mi.us/tri/07chemical.asp.
Pereira MA. Lecture. Carcinogenic Mechanism of TCE and Its Metabolites, Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid. Accessed September 4, 2009 at: http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/eimscomm.getfile?p_download_id=432707.
Scott CS, Chiu WA. 2006. Trichloroethylene cancer epidemiology: A consideration of select issues. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(9):1471-8.
Smith MT, Jones RM, Smith AH. 2007. Benzene exposure and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 16(3):385-91.
Talbott EO, Xu X, Youk AO, Rager JR, Stragand JA, Malek AM. 2011. Risk of leukemia as a result of community exposure to gasoline vapors: A follow-up study. Environmental Research 111(4):597-602.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2007. Benzene TEACH Chemical Summary. Accessed September 20, 2008 at: http://www.epa.gov/teach/chem_summ/BENZ_summary.pdf.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008a. Benzene (CASRN 71-43-2) - IRIS. Retrieved from: www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008b. Trichloroethylene (CASRN 79-01-6) - IRIS. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0199.htm.
Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation. 2009. UST System Storage Table. Retrieved from: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wastediv/ust/pubs/Tank%20Chart1%202%202009.pdf.
Wartenberg D, Reyner D, Scott CS. 2000. Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence. Environmental Health Perspectives 108(S2):161-176.
Wilcosky TC, Checkoway H, Marshall EG, Tyroler HA. 1984. Cancer mortality and solvent exposures in the rubber industry. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 45(12):809-11.
Wu C, Schaum J. 2000. Exposure assessment of trichloroethylene. Environmental Health Perspectives 108(S2):359-363.
2.1 Summary of Recommendations for Solvent Policy in Michigan
There was no Michigan legislation that met the criteria for our search.
In Montana, it is unlawful for any person to distribute, sell, or offer for sale within the state quantities of 20 gallons or more of any halogenated solvent annually—including TCE—to any single purchaser for commercial or government use unless the purchaser possesses proof of registration with the state government (Mont. Code Anno. § 75-10-451).
In Pennsylvania, it is unlawful for any person or municipality to put, place, discharge, or allow the discharge of TCE into the waters of the Commonwealth, or to perform actions discharging TCE from property owned by the person or municipality that would result in TCE being discharged into the waters of the Commonwealth (35 P.S. § 691.401).
In Virginia, it is unlawful for any person to knowingly sell or distribute for retail sale in the Commonwealth any product used in or as adhesives for hardwood floors if they contain TCE. It is also unlawful to sell or distribute for retail sale in the Commonwealth any product for household or residential use that contains TCE manufactured on or after January 1, 2004 (Va. Code Anno. § 10.1-1424.2).
Michigan should prohibit the discharge of TCE and mixtures containing TCE into any water source within the state’s borders.
Michigan should ban household products containing TCE.
Michigan should limit the amount of TCE purchased per customer.
Summary of Recommendations for Solvent Policy in Michigan
Enact legislation requiring that newly constructed schools and daycare centers be built away from busy roadways where exposure to benzene in fuel exhaust is heightened, similar to what has been done in California.
Ban household products containing 1,1,2-trichloroethylene, as has been done in Virginia.
Ban the discharge of TCE or any compounds or mixtures containing TCE into bodies of water within the state or under the jurisdiction of the state, similar to what has been done in Pennsylvania.
Limit the amount of TCE that may be purchased by any single person or entity for a given time period, like what has been done in Montana.
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