Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2007107420A1/en
Timestamp: 2019-09-17 02:57:10
Document Index: 184904000

Matched Legal Cases: ['art,\n4', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 5', 'art 3', 'art 5', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 5', 'art 3', 'art 5', 'art 5', 'art 3', 'art 5', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 5', 'art 4', 'art 6', 'art 5', 'art 5', 'art 5', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 3']

WO2007107420A1 - Electrical machine - Google Patents
WO2007107420A1
WO2007107420A1 PCT/EP2007/051598 EP2007051598W WO2007107420A1 WO 2007107420 A1 WO2007107420 A1 WO 2007107420A1 EP 2007051598 W EP2007051598 W EP 2007051598W WO 2007107420 A1 WO2007107420 A1 WO 2007107420A1
PCT/EP2007/051598
2006-03-17 Priority to DE102006012736.6 priority Critical
2007-02-20 Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
2007-09-27 Publication of WO2007107420A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007107420A1/en
The invention relates to an electrical machine or a primary part of an electric machine.
Electric machines have a primary part and a secondary part. The primary part is especially against the abutment. The primary part is provided for energizing with electric current. The secondary part has, for example permanent magnets or energizable windings. The bestromba- ren windings can be energized in a synchronous machine, for example by means of a power converter or at a asynchronous machine by induction energized.
In such electric machines, consequently, both the primary part and the secondary part on active magnetic means which are heranziehbar for generating a magnetic field. Active magnetic means are for example a energizable winding, permanent magnets or windings in which means of induction, an electric current flow be brought about, whereby a magnetic field can be generated by the induced electric current flow.
The construction of such electrical machine is very complex, since both the primary part and the secondary part means for generating a magnetic field have to have. This concerns in particular synchronous machines.
The object of the present invention is to provide a simplified electrical machine or a primary part of such an electric machine, whereby the structure can be simplified and be made more cost effective. In addition to the losses, particularly the loss by axial magnetic leakage can be reduced. Such a simplified and optimized design is aimed in particular at a synchronous machine. The object is for example achieved by means of an electric machine having the features of claim 1, or also by means of a primary part having the features according to claim, or also by means of a secondary part having the features according to claim, or at a transport means having the features Claim. The subclaims are inventive embodiments and further developments of the respective device.
In an inventive electric machine having a primary part and a secondary part, the primary part is designed such that it has two means for generating a magnetic field. The secondary part is free from means for generating a magnetic field. The primary märteil thus has a first means for generating a magnetic field and a further means for generating a magnetic field, wherein the first means for generating a magnetic field with an alternating voltage or an alternating current can be acted upon. The first means for generating a magnetic field which is a first magnetic field is, for example, a winding. The further means for generating a magnetic field, which is an excitation field is a means with which a further, that at least a second magnetic field can be generated. The field excitation, which generates the magnetic field more advantageously in operation unchanged and therefore constant. Such a further means for generating said further magnetic field is for example a permanent magnet or a winding, which is supplied with a constant current or acted upon.
The further means for generating a further magnetic field advantageously has a variety of other means for generating a magnetic alternating-pole field excitation on.
The first means for generating a first magnetic field, for example, a coil winding, wherein the first magnetic field, which exits the coil and enters this, (that is, second, third, etc.) in such a way to further means directed to the generation of further magnetic field is that at least two further means for producing further magnetic fields in the field region of the first magnetic field, so that an interaction of the two magnetic fields is achieved. The further means for generating further magnetic fields advantageously have a plurality of mutually each reverse magnetization sierungsrichtungen with which an arrangement with an alternating-concluded.
The electric machine having a primary part and a secondary part, the primary part having a first means for generating a first magnetic field and the secondary part comprises means for guiding the magnetic field is thus formed such that the primary part at least two further means for generating at least two further magnetic fields, wherein the first means for generating the first magnetic field is so arranged to further means for generating the further magnetic fields, that a superposition of the first magnetic field is provided with the further magnetic fields.
Such a structure of the electrical machine has the advantage that the secondary part of the electric machine has no active means for generating a magnetic field to advantage. The secondary part of such an electric machine ne has only one means for guiding magnetic fields and therefore is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. The secondary part is, for example laminated to avoid eddy currents.
advantageously soft iron parts are used for the structural design of primary part and secondary part. The lamination of these parts reduces eddy currents. can approximate shape in farther Ausfuh- the soft iron parts also solid and / or be designed as a so-called powder compacts.
The object is further achieved by means of an elec- step machine, which is a synchronous machine, wherein the electrical machine has a primary part and a secondary part and the primary part has a first means for generating a first magnetic field, and further comprising a further means for generating a further having magnetic field, wherein the first means is a winding, and the further means comprise at least a permanent magnet. The further means is in particular a variety of means, that is, a plurality of permanent magnets. In such a configuration of the electrical machine according to the invention, all agents are for generating a magnetic field in the primary section. The secondary part has only one means for guiding magnetic fields and is for example designed such that it berflache on the aligned to the primary part O- advantageously has a toothed structure. This means in particular an iron-containing agent, such as a laminated core. The gaps of the toothed structure are advantageously filled with non-magnetic material, so that a flat surface is present.
The secondary part and / or the primary part are for example carried out such that they have the teeth. A tooth pitch of the secondary part and a tooth or magnet pitch of the primary part can be either identical or different. For example, in the same pitch coils of a motor phase are grouped and arranged with an offset of 360 ° / m to the other groups of coils of the other motor phases. With "m" is the number of phases or the strands, respectively. The pitch of the secondary part (Tau_Sec) is the pole pitch of the machine (Tau p) before and it is Tau tooth, sec = 2 * Tau_p.
In one embodiment, the electrical machine according to the invention the tooth pitch of the secondary part is for example a integer multiple of the magnet pitch of the primary part. However, the electric machine can also be designed such that the tooth pitch of the secondary part is not an integer multiple of the magnet pitch of the primary part.
By means of an inventive electrical machine is for example a linear motor built up. In such a linear motor, permanent magnets, for example, integrated into a coil-supporting primary part of the linear motor. DIE ser building holds especially for long distances cost advantages. The secondary part of the linear motor is then, for example, only an iron reaction rail. In this way, the safety of the linear motor is increased compared to comparable linear motors.
The cost advantages of such a linear motor, for example, arise from that so far comprises the linear motor, which is a synchronous linear motor, an electrically energizable primary part which faces kundarteil a tipped with permanent magnets seconds. Here, a Langstatorbauweise as well as a short stator is possible. In one case, very much copper is needed, in the other case a lot of magnetic material. Both entails high costs. The permanent magnets mounted in the secondary part with already known linear motors accommodated form an open circuit. The
Magnets (permanent magnets) must be protected around the Long before environmental influences such as turnings, oil or other contaminants, which is expensive. In addition, pay attention to personal protection because of the strong forces of attraction of the permanent magnets on the length of the secondary part. these
Precautions cause costs and technical complexity. Using a secondary part of the inventive electrical machine, the effort let considerably reduced.
According to the invention the permanent magnets are integrated in the primary part, so that the coils (windings) and magnets (permanent magnets) in the same part (primary part) are housed the electric machine. For a short stator, compared to the known motor principle much less magnetic material is needed. Since the primary part is already been protected against environmental influences, and there already is the personal protection into account, can be dispensed with additional safety devices in the integration of the magnets in the primary part. The secondary part is advantageously only an iron reaction rail from the pose no hazard.
In order to reduce in particular the axial scattering losses, is between the magnetic poles of the primary part, a magnetic separation present.
This gap is filled with air or a non-magnetic material. Through these gaps soft magnetic material on the one hand be saved and on the other hand, the magnetic useful flux increased significantly. Here, performance increases of up to 100% can be achieved.
The column also suitable for forced air cooling. If liquid cooling is provided, may be lodged corresponding cooling channels in the column that are made of AMA gentischem material. Preferably, these cooling channels meander through the laminated core of the primary.
Advantageously, this gap width is greater than or equal to the effective air gap width (between the secondary part and the primary part).
The electric machine according to the invention is in particular a synchronous machine. Synchronous machines are precise and controllable to meet high demands on accuracy of movement and positioning accuracy. The inventive simple and compact design of the synchronous machine, the diverse above-described advantages arise partly been. Rest occurring moments are reducible to already known methods. Such methods are for example: skewing of the permanent magnets skew toothing, etc.
In a further embodiment of the electric machine has its secondary part has at least one means for the magnetic return circuit. This means, for example, has a laminated core. It is also advantageous to form the secondary part in such a way that it is free of magnetic sources. Magnetic sources are, for example permanent magnets or energized (electrically energized) windings.
In an advantageous embodiment, the primary part is built up modularly. By the number of teeth and the corresponding windings, the engine length can be varied. From this the possibility results to adjust the nominal power of the engine. It is important to pay attention to the magnetic separation of the magnetic poles.
In a further embodiment of the electrical machine of different magnetization alternate in the secondary sections. A different magnetization is for example between a soft magnetic material which, for example, of iron is produced and air or plastic. By means of the alternating areas can thus cause the magnetic field within the secondary part.
In a further embodiment, the secondary part is designed such that it has the primary part directed towards the teeth. The main flow is thus guided within the secondary part over the teeth and over the optional conclusion. In the leadership of the flow over the teeth of the flux is, for example feasible only over one tooth or at least two teeth.
In a further advantageous embodiment, the spaces between the teeth which are designatable example, as a latch filled. The filling is, for example, of plastic. By filling the accumulation of dirt between the teeth, for example.
The first means for generating a first magnetic field is advantageously, as already described, an energisable winding. The energizable winding of a machine consists of one or more strands (for example, U, V, W). Each strand is composed of one or more coils.
In an advantageous embodiment the spool is concentrated coils wound around a respective tooth (tooth-wound coils), the tooth may carry one or more poles or permanent magnets. The tooth coil is zumin- least part of a winding. The coil can be designed as a single coil as well as a split coil. The advantage of the winding is that by this a changing magnetic field can be produced for example by means of an alternating current in einfachster manner. The electrical machine ne, for example, also be designed such that it has a plurality of windings or coils, which windings are supplied with current with different phases of a three-phase source.
An electric machine is also be designed such that a secondary part has teeth which are arranged at a pitch Tau_Sec each other. The primary part of the electrical machine contains the second means for generating a magnetic excitation field, which is realized from a wide variety of agents (eg, many permanent magnets) which are arranged to each other with a pitch Tau_Prim.
An embodiment of the electric machine is now characterized by the fact that the relationship between Tau_Sec Tau_Prim and can be expressed by the following equation:
Tau sec = n * Tau_Prim wherein n = 1,2,3, ... Tau_Sec thus can be by an integer multiple of Tau_Prim express.
In a further embodiment of the electrical machine, the relationship between Tau_Sec and Tau_Prim can be represented by the equation:
Tau_Sec ≠ n * Tau_Prim wherein n = 1,2,3, ...
specify. The pitch Tau_Sec is therefore not an integer multiple of the pitch Tau_Prim.
In a further advantageous embodiment, the electric machine according to the invention is connected to a power converter. The inverter is in particular an inverter, which is providable for supplying current to the first means for generating a first magnetic field. The electric machine and the inverter form a drive. therefore, the electric machine is also be designed such that the primary part has a plurality of windings, wherein different windings with an AC voltage or an alternating current with different phases are supplied with current. By using different phase positions, a uniform force profile during the movement of the primary part and / or of the secondary part of the electric machine can hervor- call. Such a uniform force profile is also designed such that several windings of a primary part of an electric machine are such phase-shifted in position to the secondary part, characterized that a more even power development is made possible. Thus, (m = 3) is advantageously electrically chosen, a phase shift of 120 ° for example, in a three-phase machine.
As already described above, comprises another embodiment of the electrical machine as a further means for generating at least a second magnetic field of permanent magnets. Advantageously, the permanent magnets are arranged on the primary part, that produce these a magnetic excitation field in each case in different directions. In one embodiment of the arrangement of the permanent magnets, the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets are indeed but alternately oppositely parallel.
In a further embodiment of the electric machine directions of magnetization of the permanent magnets are aligned so that an alternating magnetic flux is generated by the movement of a gear abutment, in the coil-supporting magnetic circuit portions of the primary part and thereby a change of flux linkage of the coil is accomplished (alternating flux arrangement).
In another embodiment, the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets can be aligned so that a pulsating magnetic unidirectional flux is generated by the movement of a gear abutment, in the coil-supporting magnetic circuit portions of the primary part and thereby a DC flux linkage of the coil is accomplished (constant flow arrangement).
Advantageous embodiments are also relative to the plane, are guided in the magnetic fields. Magnetic fields are performed for example in an aligned transverse to the direction of movement plane (cross-flux magnetic circuit). This has the advantages that the laminated core of the primary part can be varied by the number of stacked sheets in the engine longitudinal extension.
In another embodiment, magnetic fields are performed in a plane which is oriented parallel to the movement direction (longitudinal flux magnetic circuit). This has the advantage that the laminated core width is varied by the number of stacked sheets motor.
It is also advantageous that a cross-flow orientation, which is a cross-flux magnetic circuit, is combined with a longitudinal flow orientation, that is, a longitudinal flux magnetic circuit. This has the advantage that the electric machine for various which is provided directions of movement, which are located in a linear motor in an angle other than 0 degrees or 180 degrees.
The electric machine according to the invention can be carried out both as a rotary electric machine as well as a linear machine. The advantage of the embodiment of a rotary machine is, for example, that particularly large e- lectrical equipment can be formed with a large radius. Both the rotor and the stator can be carried out as a primary part or a secondary part. Advantageously, the stand is designed as a primary part, since the power is facilitated.
In a further embodiment of the electric machine such as previously described as a linear machine is formed. In a linear machine, the advantage brought to bear, that the secondary part has no means for generating a magnetic field. Therefore, the secondary part is very simple and cost-formable.
In a further advantageous embodiment, not only a secondary part movable but at least two or more secondary parts is by means of the primary part of the electric machine. This is for example conceivable in a transport system, wherein by means of a primary part of a wide variety of abutments, which carry, for example transport body such as boxes, are movable. The primary part is used, for example, for one or more of the following: positioning of the secondary part, acceleration of the secondary part, braking of the secondary part.
The electric machine is so flexible formable that either the primary part or the secondary movable member is movable or both parts are movable.
In a further embodiment of the electrical machine, the latter has a primary part and two secondary parts. The primary part is arranged between the two abutments. This arrangement is configured such that a magnetic circuit that forms by a magnetic flux, is closed on the primary part and secondary parts both.
In a further embodiment of the electric machine, this has two primary parts and secondary part. The secondary part is disposed between the two primary parts. The primary parts and the secondary part are designed such that a magnetic circuit that forms by a magnetic flux, is closed via the two primary parts and the secondary part.
however, the primary parts and the secondary part are designed such that a magnetic circuit that forms by a magnetic flux, is closed in each case via a primary part and the secondary part common.
The invention relates not just for the electrical machine but also the primary part of the electrical machine. The primary part of an electric machine according to the invention configured such that it comprises a first means for generating a magnetic field, wherein the primary part to see at least one further means for generating a magnetic field, said first means and said further means are aligned relative to each other that from the first and the further means (second and / or third means, ...) generated magnetic fields are superimposed such that these magnetic fields are amplifiable or weakenable. The strengthening or weakening refers to the resulting total magnetic field, which is dependent enlargeable by the generated magnetic field by the first means or reduced in size.
The primary part is in particular a primary part of the electrical machine described above in one of the embodiments. The secondary part of an electrical machine, in particular an electrical machine according to any one of the above-described embodiments, comprises at least one means for guiding a magnetic field, wherein the secondary part is free of magnetic sources.
The invention also relates to a transport device. The transport device advantageously has an electrical machine according to the invention. The transport devices tung example, has at least one primary part and at least one secondary part. If the transport device comprises a plurality of primary components, these may for example, independently as a plurality of separate motors, or be commonly driven as a motor. In an arrange- several primary parts voltage in a plane, for example, has an x-axis and a y-axis, a two-dimensional movement is realized by the total number of primary parts is divided into two groups. A first group is provided for movements in the x-axis and a second group is provided for movements in the y-axis. Accordingly, the orientation results. These two groups are distributed, for example, according to a checkerboard pattern in the xy plane. An active area of ​​the secondary part is then correspondingly divided into two areas for x or y direction of movement.
The following figures show examples of the invention embodiments of electrical machines. In which:
1 shows a schematic diagram of a linear motor, FIG 2,3,5 different embodiments of the invention linear motors with permanent magnets on the primary part,
4 shows the course of magnetic fields in a linearly motor without pole pitch gaps (prior
FIG 6 three-phase representation of a linear motor, FIG 7.8 rotary electric machine, FIG 9,10 exemplary embodiments of the pole pitch, FIG cooling coil 11 in the linear motor.
The illustration in FIG 1 shows an electrical machine 1. The electrical machine 1 has a primary part and a secondary part 3 to 5. The primary part 3 has a coil 9 and the permanent magnets 17th The direction of movement of the primary part 3 is indicated by a double arrow which extends in the longitudinal direction 11. Another double arrow indicates the transverse direction. 13 By means of a third double-headed arrow, the normal is determined 15, wherein the normal relates to an air gap plane 19, wherein the air gap plane 19 is not shown in Fig. 1 The air gap plane 19 but is shown in Fig. 2 The electrical machine 1 is a linear motor which is controlled by means of one connected via a connecting cable 16 converter fourteenth
The diagram in FIG 2 shows an electrical machine 1. The primary part 3 is designed as a laminated core, wherein the primary part 3 has a winding. 9 The winding 9 is a phase winding, which is sawn strombar with an alternating current. The direction of the current is shown in FIG 2 at a moment. The direction is indicated by means of a point 23 and by means of a cross 25th The laminated executed primary part 3 has on the side which faces the secondary part 5, permanent magnets 17.
The permanent magnets 17 are placed in such a reasonable on the primary part 3, that their magnetization alternates in direction of the normal 15 °. The magnets (permanent magnets 17) thus generating a magnetic flux and the downward (to the secondary part 5 towards) has alternately upward (toward the primary part 3). North-South permanent magnets (NS) 27 (the direction of magnetization faces the secondary part) therefore alternate with the North-South permanent magnets (SN) 29 (the direction of magnetization faces the primary part 3). Between the primary part 3 and the secondary part 5, a effective air gap 21 is forming. This effective air gap 21 spans the air gap plane on the 19th The movement of the electrical machine 1, which is a linear machine, in this case, takes place in the direction of the longitudinal direction 11. It is possible that either the primary part 3 is stationary and the secondary part 5 is moved or that the secondary part 5 is stationary and the primary part 3 is moved over the abutment 5 of time.
The winding 9 is a first means for generating a first magnetic field and the permanent magnets 17 are further means for producing further magnetic fields. The illustration in FIG 2 is a cross flow embodiment of the electrical machine 1. In the cross flow embodiment, the secondary part 5 is carried out, for example, such that it comprises a support 31 and latch 33rd At least the bar 33 are laminated,. The lamination is carried out such that plate 11 adjoining in the longitudinal direction of sheet metal. The bars 33 are for example glued to the support 31, or soldered or welded or in a combination of interconnected mounting options. The lamination is advantageous to avoid eddy currents. If the adverse eddy current effects are not very pronounced (for example, in applications with sufficiently low electrical fundamental frequency) can be dispensed with lamination and inexpensive solid parts.
FIG 2 further shows the pole pitch gaps 150 between the magnetic poles of the primary part 3. By this magnetic separation, the axial magnetic leakage is considerably reduced sheet. This separation can be achieved, for example, in a simple way through gaps in the laminated core. The gaps are filled by non-magnetic materials, at least partially, in particular, as shown in FIG 10 or FIG 11 cooling channel elements 151 or spacers are seen forth in the gaps of the laminated core.
The illustration in FIG 3 schematically illustrates the geometry of a transverse flux linear motor which comprises a magnetic excitation field, which is generated by the permanent magnets 17th A useful magnetic flux is guided in a transversely oriented to a direction of movement 11 level 106 of Fig. 3 The useful magnetic flux is the magnetic flux, which is coupled with the winding 9 and concatenated. This so aligned magnetic useful flux forms a cross-flux magnetic circuit.
The linear motor has a laminated primary part 3 and a secondary part biechtes overall fifth The stacking direction of the laminated cores is basically indicated. The magnetization direction 94 of the permanent magnets 17 is illustrated by means of arrows. The possible movement direction of the primary part 3 is the longitudinal direction. 11
In this case, the now-indicated in FIG 4 in an electric machine 1 without pole pitch gaps 150 otherwise known axial magnetic leakage flux (•) is reduced.
The illustration in FIG 5 shows a primary part 4 and a
Secondary part 5. The primary part 4 and the secondary part 6 form the electrical machine 1, wherein the electrical machine 1 has a longitudinal flux arrangement. The Längsfluss- arrangement is distinguished particularly by the fact that the magnetic fields do not close transversely to the direction of movement of the primary part or the secondary part but along the movement direction of the primary part or along the moving direction of the secondary part. The magnetic flux which is guided in a plane 108, the plane 108 is oriented In parallel to the movement direction 11, is a magnetic useful flux. The useful magnetic flux is the magnetic flux, which is coupled with the winding. 9 This so aligned magnetic useful flux forms a longitudinal flux magnetic circuit.
The secondary part 5 is carried out according to FIG 5, both in the area of ​​the substrate 31 as well as in the area of ​​latch 33 laminated. The arrangement of the magnets in the air gap plane 19 is opposed to the cross-flow arrangement does not run like a chessboard but strips. The magnets are parallel to the bars (flux guide) ausgereichtet in the longitudinal flux variant substantially. However, to reduce force ripples, the magnets can be selectively positioned in a kind of tilted.
In a further advantageous embodiment, the secondary part 5 is made of sheets that are stacked on top of the engine width behind the other. In such plates, the carrier 31 and the teeth 75 of a part exist. By consecutively stacking the sheets arises the toothed structure of the secondary part with the latches 33. The type of lamination is indicated in Fig. 5. The secondary part can be constructed in several parts beispielswei- se in the longitudinal direction, so that a
Secondary part 5 adjacent to a next secondary part. Such other adjacent in the direction of secondary parts are not shown in the illustration in FIG. 5 The illustration in FIG 5 further illustrates the designated Permanentmag-. The permanent magnets are permanent magnets 27 NS or SN-permanent magnets 29. These permanent magnets for example, extend over an entire width of the laminated core 77 of the primary part 3. The pole gaps 150 are to reduce the magnetic leakage designed differently.
The primary part 3 is formed in a further embodiment of Figure 6 such that this pole pieces having 79th The pole shoes 79 broaden the support surface for permanent magnets 27, 29. This makes it possible to increase the power output of the electric machine. 1 Since narrowed by increasing the area for positioning the permanent magnets of the region in which a winding 9 is inserted in the primary part 3, the primary part 3 is advantageously made such that it has a winding body. The winding body has both a pole shoe 79 and a winding neck 84th Around the winding neck 84, the winding 9 can be wound. Further motor Strange (eg, V and W) can be realized by the same structure primary parts. 3 In the illustrated position, the permanent magnets 27 and 29 generate the magnetic excitation fluxes 86, the sum of the flux linkage ψ of the interturn 9 forms. As is apparent from the illustration in FIG 6, the magnetic excitation fluxes 86, which represent a useful flux, a long-flux magnetic circuit.
Each strand (U, V, W) is provided for a phase of a three-phase network. The required phase shift is achieved by the geometrical offset of Strange among themselves. The geometric offset Ax corresponds to 120 ° electrical for the illustrated triple-stranded machine. Each strand U, V and W is not only a tooth coil of the winding 9 is assigned net, but two tooth coils 7 and 8 for a respective phase U, V and W.
The diagram of FIG 7 shows a rotary electric machine 110. This rotary electric machine 110 is for example a synchronous motor or a synchronous generator. The electrical machine 110 includes a stator 130 and a rotor 120th The rotor 120 is rotatable about an axis 122nd The rotor 120 is the secondary part of the electrical machine 110. The stator 130 is the primary part of the electric machine 110. The rotor 120 has as well as the secondary parts of the linear motors above-described teeth 33. The stator 130 of the electrical machine 110 has windings 9 to teeth 98, which have pole pieces 79 and permanent magnets 17. The embodiment of the rotatory see electrical machine 110 in FIG 7 is just one example of various embodiments of the rotary electric machine.
Other embodiments of the rotary electric machine not shown arise, for example through the analog transmission of the embodiments of the linear motors in accordance with the previous descriptions of the figures. Furthermore, it is also possible for rotary machines Ausfuhrungs- forms indicate in which a primary part two abutments are associated with or in which a secondary part two primary parts assigned. These variants are not shown in the figures.
The diagram of FIG 8 shows a detail from the illustration according to FIG 7. In FIG 8, the positioning of the permanent magnets 17 at the effective air gap 21 in physical line with the previous embodiments is shown of detailed.
FIG 9 shows a further detailed schematic diagram of the pole gap 150 which is provided with a cooling channel element 151st The cooling channel member 151 has a cooling channel 160 which is flowed through during operation of the electrical machine of a cooling liquid. The cooling channel element 151 is of non-magnetic material, constructed such as plastic or ceramic. The crucial factor that can not form axial stray fields between the magnetic poles. The stray fields as shown in FIG 4 as the prior art are avoided.
FIG 10 shows that cooling channel elements 151 and a plurality of differently shaped cooling channel cross-sections 153, may have 154th Thus, a connection of the cooling channels in the primary part 3 is adjustable, which is executed either in parallel or in opposite directions.
FIG 11 shows in a schematic view in viewing direction of a primary part of a linear motor 3 as the cooling channel elements may be arranged in the pole gaps 150 151. A meandering cooling coil can be formed a plurality of pieces or. In a multi-piece design, it is advantageous if the straight Kühlka- nalelemente 162 connected with curved deflectors 161 by suitable means 163rd
Comprising 1. Electrical machine (1,110) which is in particular a synchronous machine, which has a primary part (3,130) and a secondary part (5, 120), dadurchge ¬ indicates that the primary part (3, 130) a) a first means (9) for generating a first magnetic field and b) a further means (17,27,29) for generating a magnetic field weite- ren, which is in particular an excitation field, said first means (9) has at least one winding and further means (17,27,29) in the region of an active air gap (21) of the electrical machine between the primary and secondary part is arranged and having magnetic poles each having at least one permanent magnet (17).
2. Electrical machine (1,110) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least between some neighboring magnetic poles each having a pole pitch (150) is provided in order to reduce the axial magnetic leakage.
3. The electrical machine (1, 110) according to claim 2, since - by in that the width of the pole pitch (150) corresponds to at least the width of the active air gap (21).
4. Electrical machine (1,110) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that
Pole pitch (150) is used for air cooling.
5. Electrical machine (1,2,110) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the pole pitch (150) is at least partially with the cooling channel elements (151) provided with (153,154,160) cooling channels of a fluid cooling circuit.
6. Electrical machine (1,110) according to claim 5, characterized in that the cooling channels (153,154,160) extend in meandering fashion over the sheet stack.
7. Electrical machine (1,110) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tooth pitch of the secondary part (5,120) is an integral multiple of the magnet pitch of the primary part (3,130).
8. Electrical machine (1,110) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tooth pitch of the secondary part (5,120) from an integral multiple of the magnet pitch of the primary part (3,130) is different.
9. Electrical machine (1,110) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electrical machine (1,110) is a linear machine, in particular a linear motor or a rotary machine hybrid (110).
10. primary part (3.130) of an electrical machine (1), which is in particular a synchronous machine, which has a primary part (3,130), characterized in that the primary part (3.130) a) a first means (9) for generating a first magnetic field, and b) at least one further means (17,27,29) for producing egg nes further magnetic field which in particular a
is excitation field, said first means (9) comprises a winding and the further means (17,27,29) comprises a permanent magnet.
11. primary part (3,130) according to claim 10, characterized in that the primary part (3,130) is a primary part of an electric machine (1,110) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
12, the secondary part (5,120) of an electrical machine (1,110), the secondary part (5,120) comprises at least one means (31,33) for magnetic yoke and devoid of magneti ¬ rule sources (9,17,27,29) is.
13, the secondary part (5,120) of an electrical machine (1,110) according to claim 12, characterized in that the secondary part (5,120), the secondary part ei ¬ ner electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
14. Transport means comprising an electrical machine (1,110), characterized in that the electrical machine (1,110) has a electrical see engine (1,110) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
15. Transport means according to claim 14, characterized in that the electrical machine
(1,110) treadmill is intended for two-dimensional movement in a plane.
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