Source: http://www.ussc.gov/guidelines/2015-guidelines-manual/archive/2005-1b15
Timestamp: 2016-08-26 03:12:40
Document Index: 89209221

Matched Legal Cases: ['§1', '§2', '§2', '§2', '§2', '§2', '§2', '§2', '§1', '§3', '§2', '§2']

2005 1b1_5 | United States Sentencing Commission
2005 1b1_5
2005 Federal Sentencing GuidelinesChapter 1 - PART B - GENERAL APPLICATION PRINCIPLES§1B1.5. Interpretation of References to Other Offense Guidelines(a) A cross reference (an instruction to apply another offense guideline)
refers to the entire offense guideline (i.e., the base offense level,
specific offense characteristics, cross references, and special instructions).
(b) (1) An instruction to use the offense level from another offense guideline
refers to the offense level from the entire offense guideline (i.e.,
the base offense level, specific offense characteristics, cross references,
and special instructions), except as provided in subdivision (2) below.
(2) An instruction to use a particular subsection or table from another
offense guideline refers only to the particular subsection or table referenced,
and not to the entire offense guideline.
(c) If the offense level is determined by a reference to another guideline
under subsection (a) or (b)(1) above, the adjustments in Chapter Three (Adjustments)
also are determined in respect to the referenced offense guideline, except
as otherwise expressly provided.(d) A reference to another guideline under subsection (a) or (b)(1) above
may direct that it be applied only if it results in the greater offense level.
In such case, the greater offense level means the greater Chapter Two offense
level, except as otherwise expressly provided.CommentaryApplication Notes:1. References to other offense guidelines are most frequently designated "Cross
References," but may also appear in the portion of the guideline entitled "Base
Offense Level" (e.g.,
§2D1.2(a)(1) and (2)), or "Specific Offense Characteristics"
(e.g., §2A4.1(b)(7)). These references may be to a specific guideline,
or may be more general (e.g., to the guideline for the "underlying offense").
Such references incorporate the specific offense characteristics, cross references,
and special instructions as well as the base offense level. For example, if
the guideline reads "2 plus the offense level from §2A2.2 (Aggravated
Assault)," the user would determine the offense level from §2A2.2, including
any applicable adjustments for planning, weapon use, degree of injury and motive,
and then increase by 2 levels. A reference may also be to a specific subsection of another guideline; e.g.,
the reference in §2D1.10(a)(1) to "3 plus the offense level
from the Drug Quantity Table in §2D1.1". In such case, only the specific
subsection of that other guideline is used.2. A reference to another guideline may direct that such reference is
to be used only if it results in a greater offense level. In such cases,
the greater offense level means the offense level taking into account only
the Chapter Two offense level, unless the offense guideline expressly provides
for consideration of both the Chapter Two offense level and applicable Chapter
Three adjustments. For situations in which a comparison involving both Chapters
Two and Three is necessary, see the Commentary to
§§2C1.1 (Offering, Giving, Soliciting, or Receiving a Bribe; Extortion
Under Color of Official Right; Fraud Involving the Deprivation of the Intangible
Right to Honest Services of Public Officials; Conspiracy to Defraud by Interference
with Governmental Functions); 2E1.1 (Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organizations); and 2E1.2 (Interstate or Foreign Travel
or Transportation in Aid of a Racketeering Enterprise). 3. A reference may direct that, if the conduct involved another offense,
the offense guideline for such other offense is to be applied. Consistent
with the provisions of §1B1.3 (Relevant Conduct), such other offense
includes conduct that may be a state or local offense and conduct that occurred
under circumstances that would constitute a federal offense had the conduct
taken place within the territorial or maritime jurisdiction of the United
States. Where there is more than one such other offense, the most serious
such offense (or group of closely related offenses in the case of offenses
that would be grouped together under §3D1.2(d)) is to be used. For example,
if a defendant convicted of possession of a firearm by a felon, to which §2K2.1
(Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or Ammunition;
Prohibited Transactions Involving Firearms or Ammunition) applies, is found
to have possessed that firearm during commission of a series of
offenses, the cross reference at §2K2.1(c) is applied to the offense
resulting in the greatest offense level.Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November
1, 1989 (see Appendix C, amendments 79, 80, and 302); November 1, 1991
(see Appendix C, amendment 429); November 1, 1992 (see Appendix
C, amendment 440); November 1, 1995 (see Appendix C, amendment 534);
November 1, 1997 (see Appendix C, amendment 547); November 1, 2001 (see Appendix
C, amendment 616); November 1, 2004 (see Appendix C, amendment 666). USSC HelpLine