Source: https://regulations.justia.com/regulations/fedreg/2010/07/06/2010-16237.html
Timestamp: 2020-08-11 11:05:18
Document Index: 446576207

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Excise Taxes on Prohibited Tax Shelter Transactions and Related Disclosure Requirements; Disclosure Requirements With Respect to Prohibited Tax Shelter Transactions; Requirement of Return and Time for Filing, 38700-38710 [2010-16237] :: Internal Revenue Service :: Department Of Treasury :: Regulation Tracker :: Justia
Justia Regulation Tracker Department Of Treasury Internal Revenue Service Excise Taxes on Prohibited Tax Shelter Transactions and Related Disclosure Requirements; Disclosure Requirements With Respect to Prohibited Tax Shelter Transactions; Requirement of Return and Time for Filing, 38700-38710 [2010-16237]
Excise Taxes on Prohibited Tax Shelter Transactions and Related Disclosure Requirements; Disclosure Requirements With Respect to Prohibited Tax Shelter Transactions; Requirement of Return and Time for Filing, 38700-38710 [2010-16237]
Download as PDF 38700 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations cats for induction and maintenance of anesthesia and for induction of anesthesia followed by maintenance with an inhalant anesthetic. The application is approved as of May 21, 2010, and the regulations are amended in 21 CFR 522.2005 to reflect the approval. In accordance with the freedom of information provisions of 21 CFR part 20 and 21 CFR 514.11(e)(2)(ii), a summary of safety and effectiveness data and information submitted to support approval of this application may be seen in the Division of Dockets Management (HFA–305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852, between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. The agency has determined under 21 CFR 25.33 that this action is of a type that does not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment. Therefore, neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is required. Under section 512(c)(2)(F)(ii) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360b(c)(2)(F)(ii)), this approval qualifies for 3 years of marketing exclusivity beginning on the date of approval. This rule does not meet the definition of ‘‘rule’’ in 5 U.S.C. 804(3)(A) because it is a rule of ‘‘particular applicability.’’ Therefore, it is not subject to the congressional review requirements in 5 U.S.C. 801–808. (2) No. 000074 for use as in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(i), and (c)(3) of this section. (3) No. 000856 for use as in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(ii), and (c)(3) of this section. (c) Conditions of use in dogs and cats—(1) Amount. Administer by intravenous injection according to label directions. The use of preanesthetic medication reduces propofol dose requirements. (2) Indications for use—(i) As a single injection to provide general anesthesia for short procedures; for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia using incremental doses to effect; for induction of general anesthesia where maintenance is provided by inhalant anesthetics. (ii) For the induction and maintenance of anesthesia and for induction of anesthesia followed by maintenance with an inhalant anesthetic. * * * * * Dated: June 29, 2010. Bernadette Dunham, Director, Center for Veterinary Medicine. [FR Doc. 2010–16301 Filed 7–2–10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4160–01–S DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Parts 1, 53, 54, 301 and 602 List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 522 [TD 9492] Animal drugs. ■ Therefore, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and under authority delegated to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs and redelegated to the Center for Veterinary Medicine, 21 CFR part 522 is amended as follows: RIN 1545–BG18 PART 522—IMPLANTATION OR INJECTABLE DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS 1. The authority citation for 21 CFR part 522 continues to read as follows: ■ wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 Authority: 21 U.S.C. 360b. 2. In § 522.2005, revise paragraphs (b) and (c) to read as follows: ■ § 522.2005 Propofol. * * * * * (b) Sponsors. See sponsor numbers in § 510.600(c) of this chapter. (1) No. 059130 for use as in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(i), and (c)(3) of this section. VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 Excise Taxes on Prohibited Tax Shelter Transactions and Related Disclosure Requirements; Disclosure Requirements With Respect to Prohibited Tax Shelter Transactions; Requirement of Return and Time for Filing AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Final regulations and removal of temporary regulations. SUMMARY: This document contains final regulations that provide guidance under section 4965 of the Internal Revenue Code (Code), relating to entity-level and manager-level excise taxes with respect to prohibited tax shelter transactions to which tax-exempt entities are parties; sections 6033(a)(2) and 6011(g), relating to certain disclosure obligations with respect to such transactions; and sections 6011 and 6071, relating to the PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 requirement of a return and time for filing with respect to section 4965 taxes. This action is necessary to implement section 516 of the Tax Increase Prevention Reconciliation Act of 2005. These final regulations affect a broad array of tax-exempt entities, including charities, state and local government entities, Indian tribal governments and employee benefit plans, as well as entity managers of these entities. DATES: Effective Date: These regulations are effective July 6, 2010. Applicability Date: For dates of applicability, see §§ 1.6033–5(f), 53.4965–9(b) and (c), 53.6071–1(h), 54.6011–1(d), 301.6011(g)–1(j) and 301.6033–5(b). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions concerning these regulations, contact Benjamin Akins at (202) 622– 1124 or Michael Blumenfeld at (202) 622–6070. For questions specifically relating to qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, and similar tax-favored savings arrangements, contact Cathy Pastor at (202) 622–6090 (not toll-free numbers). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Paperwork Reduction Act The collection of information contained in these final regulations has been reviewed and approved by the Office of Management and Budget in accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3507(d)) under control number 1545– 2079. The collection of information in these final regulations is in § 301.6011(g)–1. The collection of information in § 301.6011(g)–1 flows from section 6011(g), which requires a taxable party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction to disclose to any taxexempt entity that is a party to the transaction that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. The likely recordkeepers are taxable entities or individuals that participate in prohibited tax shelter transactions. The estimated number of recordkeepers is between 1,250 and 6,500. The information that is required to be collected for purposes of § 301.6011(g)– 1 is a subset of information that is required to be collected in order to complete and file Form 8886, ‘‘Reportable Transaction Disclosure Statement.’’ The estimated paperwork burden for taxpayers filling out Form 8886 is approved under OMB number 1545–1800. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a valid control E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations number assigned by the Office of Management and Budget. Books and records relating to the collection of information must be retained as long as their contents may become material in the administration of any internal revenue law. Generally, returns and return information are confidential, as required by section 6103. Background The Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005, Public Law 109–222 (120 Stat. 345) (TIPRA), enacted on May 17, 2006, defines certain transactions as prohibited tax shelter transactions and imposes excise taxes and disclosure requirements with respect to prohibited tax shelter transactions to which a tax-exempt entity is a party. Section 516 of TIPRA added new section 4965 and amended sections 6033(a)(2) and 6011(g) of the Code. On July 6, 2007, the IRS and the Treasury Department published final and temporary regulations under sections 6011 and 6071 (TD 9334) and temporary regulations under section 6033 (TD 9335) in the Federal Register (72 FR 36869; 72 FR 36871). Also on July 6, 2007, the IRS and the Treasury Department issued a notice of proposed rulemaking cross-referencing those temporary regulations (REG–142039–06; REG–139268–06) in the Federal Register (72 FR 36927). This notice of proposed rulemaking also included proposed regulations under sections 4965 and 6011(g). On August 16, 2007, and August 31, 2007, the IRS and the Treasury Department issued corrections to TD 9334 (72 FR 45894; 72 FR 50211). On August 16, 2007, the IRS and the Treasury Department issued corrections to TD 9335 (72 FR 45890). The IRS did not receive any comments or requests for a public hearing. Accordingly, the proposed regulations are adopted as final by this Treasury decision with certain revisions described below. Explanation of Provisions wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 Definition of Party to a Prohibited Tax Shelter Transaction The proposed regulations set forth a three-part definition of the term ‘‘party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction.’’ Under the proposed regulations, a taxexempt entity is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction if it: (1) Facilitates a prohibited tax shelter transaction by reason of its exempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored status; (2) enters into a listed transaction and reflects on its tax return (whether an VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 original or an amended return) a reduction or elimination of its liability for applicable Federal employment, excise or unrelated business income taxes that is derived directly or indirectly from tax consequences or tax strategy described in the published guidance that lists the transaction; or (3) is identified in published guidance, by type, class or role, as a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction. The final regulations eliminate the second part of this definition; therefore, a taxexempt entity that enters into a transaction to reduce or eliminate its own tax liability generally will not be considered a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction under these regulations. However, under the third part of the definition in the proposed regulations, which is retained in the final regulations, the IRS and the Treasury Department may identify in published guidance specific transactions or circumstances in which a tax-exempt entity that enters into a transaction to reduce or eliminate its own tax liability will be treated as a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction for purposes of section 4965. A variety of circumstances may arise in which an entity generally exempt from tax may nevertheless be subject to some form of Federal taxation. When such circumstances arise, some taxexempt entities may seek ways to reduce or eliminate the Federal tax as would a similarly situated entity that is not exempt from tax. In general, exempt status does not provide additional opportunities or incentives for a taxexempt entity to engage in a listed transaction to reduce or eliminate taxes imposed upon it. Further, a tax-exempt entity that engages in such transactions is subject to the same disclosure rules and increased penalties as other similarly situated taxpayers (for example, sections 6011, 6707A, 6662, 6662A and 6663). Accordingly, the IRS and the Treasury Department believe that, as a general rule, a tax-exempt entity that engages in a listed transaction to reduce or eliminate its own tax liability should not be considered a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction for purposes of section 4965. The IRS and the Treasury Department have retained the ability to provide exceptions to this general rule through published guidance that identifies, by type, class or role, a taxexempt entity as a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction, including a taxexempt entity that enters into a particular transaction to reduce or eliminate its own tax liability. Because the IRS and the Treasury Department have eliminated the second PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 38701 part of the definition of the term ‘‘party,’’ certain other conforming changes were made to the regulations. Timing for Disclosure by Taxable Party to Tax-Exempt Party The proposed regulations required a taxable party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction to disclose by statement to each tax-exempt entity that the taxable party knows or has reason to know is a party to such transaction that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. The proposed regulations required the taxable party to make the disclosure within 60 days after the last to occur of (1) the date the person becomes a taxable party to the transaction, or (2) the date the taxable party knows or has reason to know that the tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction. The proposed regulations provided an exception if the person does not know or have reason to know that the tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction on or before the first date on which the transaction is required to be disclosed by the person under section 6011. These final regulations modify the rule governing the timing of this disclosure. The taxable party now must make the disclosure within 60 days after the last to occur of (1) the date the person becomes a taxable party to the transaction, (2) the date the taxable party knows or has reason to know that the tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction, or (3) July 6, 2010. These final regulations retain the exception for persons who do not know or have reason to know that a tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction on or before the first date on which the transaction is required to be disclosed by the person under section 6011. Special Analyses It has been determined that this Treasury decision is not a significant regulatory action as defined in Executive Order 12866. Therefore, a regulatory assessment is not required. It has also been determined that section 553(b) of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 5) does not apply to these regulations. It is hereby certified that the collection of information in § 301.6011(g)–1 will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Accordingly, a regulatory flexibility analysis under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601) (RFA) is not required. The effect of these regulations on small entities flows directly from the statutes these regulations implement. Section 6011(g), as amended by TIPRA, requires any E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 38702 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations taxable party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction to notify any tax-exempt entity that is a party to such transaction that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. In implementing this statute, § 301.6011(g)–1 of the regulations requires every taxable party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction (or a single taxable party acting by designation on behalf of other taxable parties) to provide to every tax-exempt entity that the taxable party knows or has reason to know is a party to the transaction a single statement disclosing that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction within 60 days after the last to occur of: (1) The date the taxable person becomes a taxable party to the transaction; (2) the date the taxable party knows or has reason to know that the tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction; or (3) July 6, 2010. These final regulations retain the exception for persons who do not know or have reason to know that a taxexempt entity is a party to the transaction on or before the first date on which the transaction is required to be disclosed by the person under section 6011. Moreover, it is unlikely that a significant number of small businesses will engage in transactions that are subject to disclosure under § 301.6011(g). Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the Code, the notice of proposed rulemaking preceding these regulations was submitted to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration for comment on its impact on small business. Drafting Information The principal authors of these regulations are Benjamin Akins and Cathy Pastor, Office of Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities). However, other personnel from the IRS and the Treasury Department participated in their development. List of Subjects wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 26 CFR Part 1 Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 26 CFR Part 53 Excise taxes, Foundations, Investments, Lobbying, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 26 CFR Part 54 Excise taxes, Pensions, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 26 CFR Part 301 Employment taxes, Estate taxes, Excise taxes, Gift taxes, Income taxes, VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 26 CFR Part 602 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Adoption of Amendments to the Regulations Accordingly, 26 CFR parts 1, 53, 54, 301, and 602 are amended as follows: ■ PART 1—INCOME TAXES Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read, in part, as follows: ■ Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * * Par. 2. Section 1.6033–5 is added to read as follows: ■ § 1.6033–5 Disclosure by tax-exempt entities that are parties to certain reportable transactions. (a) In general. Every tax-exempt entity (as defined in section 4965(c)) shall file with the IRS on Form 8886–T, ‘‘Disclosure by Tax-Exempt Entity Regarding Prohibited Tax Shelter Transaction’’ (or a successor form), in accordance with this section and the instructions to the form, a disclosure of— (1) Such entity’s being a party (as defined in § 53.4965–4 of this chapter) to a prohibited tax shelter transaction (as defined in section 4965(e)); and (2) The identity of any other party (whether taxable or tax-exempt) to such transaction that is known to the taxexempt entity. (b) Frequency of disclosure. A single disclosure is required for each prohibited tax shelter transaction. (c) By whom disclosure is made—(1) Tax-exempt entities referred to in section 4965(c)(1), (2) or (3). In the case of tax-exempt entities referred to in section 4965(c)(1), (2) or (3), the disclosure required by this section must be made by the entity. (2) Tax-exempt entities referred to in section 4965(c)(4), (5), (6) or (7). In the case of tax-exempt entities referred to in section 4965(c)(4), (5), (6) or (7), including a fully self-directed qualified plan, IRA, or other savings arrangement, the disclosure required by this section must be made by the entity manager (as defined in section 4965(d)(2)) of the entity. (d) Time and place for filing—(1) In general. The disclosure required by this section shall be filed on or before May 15 of the calendar year following the close of the calendar year during which the tax-exempt entity entered into the prohibited tax shelter transaction. (2) Subsequently listed transactions. In the case of subsequently listed PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 transactions (as defined in section 4965(e)(2)), the disclosure required by this section shall be filed on or before May 15 of the calendar year following the close of the calendar year during which the transaction was identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction. (3) Transition rule. If a tax-exempt entity entered into a prohibited tax shelter transaction after May 17, 2006, and before January 1, 2007, the disclosure required by this section shall be filed on or before November 2, 2007. (4) No disclosure. Disclosure is not required with respect to any prohibited tax shelter transaction entered into by a tax-exempt entity on or before May 17, 2006. (e) Penalty for failure to provide disclosure statement. See section 6652(c)(3) for the penalty applicable to the failure to disclose a prohibited tax shelter transaction in accordance with this section. (f) Effective date/applicability date. This section applies with respect to transactions entered into by a taxexempt entity after May 17, 2006. § 1.6033–5T ■ [Removed]. Par. 3. Section 1.6033–5T is removed. PART 53—FOUNDATION AND SIMILAR EXCISE TAXES Par. 4. The authority citation for part 53 continues to read, in part, as follows: ■ Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * * Par. 5. Sections 53.4965–1 through 53.4965–9 are added to subpart K to read as follows: ■ § 53.4965–1 Overview. (a) Entity-level excise tax. Section 4965 imposes two excise taxes with respect to certain tax shelter transactions to which tax-exempt entities are parties. Section 4965(a)(1) imposes an entity-level excise tax on certain tax-exempt entities that are parties to ‘‘prohibited tax shelter transactions,’’ as defined in section 4965(e). See § 53.4965–2 for the discussion of covered tax-exempt entities. See § 53.4965–3 for the definition of prohibited tax shelter transactions. See § 53.4965–4 for the definition of tax-exempt party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction. The entity-level excise tax under section 4965(a)(1) is imposed on a specified percentage of the entity’s net income or proceeds that are attributable to the transaction for the relevant tax year (or a period within that tax year). The rate of tax depends on whether the entity knew or had reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction at the time the entity became E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations a party to the transaction. See § 53.4965–7(a) for the discussion of the entity-level excise tax under section 4965(a)(1). See § 53.4965–6 for the discussion of ‘‘knowing or having reason to know.’’ See § 53.4965–8 for the definition of net income and proceeds and the standard for allocating net income and proceeds that are attributable to a prohibited tax shelter transaction to various periods. (b) Manager-level excise tax. Section 4965(a)(2) imposes a manager-level excise tax on ‘‘entity managers,’’ as defined in section 4965(d), of taxexempt entities who approve the entity as a party (or otherwise cause the entity to be a party) to a prohibited tax shelter transaction and know or have reason to know, at the time the tax-exempt entity enters into the transaction, that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. See § 53.4965–5 for the definition of entity manager and the meaning of ‘‘approving or otherwise causing,’’ and § 53.4965–6 for the discussion of ‘‘knowing or having reason to know.’’ See § 53.4965–7(b) for the discussion of the manager-level excise tax under section 4965(a)(2). (c) Effective/applicability dates. See § 53.4965–9 for the discussion of the relevant effective and applicability dates. wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 § 53.4965–2 Covered tax-exempt entities. (a) In general. Under section 4965(c), the term ‘‘tax-exempt entity’’ refers to entities that are described in sections 501(c), 501(d), or 170(c) (other than the United States), Indian tribal governments (within the meaning of section 7701(a)(40)), and tax-qualified pension plans, individual retirement arrangements and similar tax-favored savings arrangements that are described in sections 4979(e)(1), (2) or (3), 529, 457(b), or 4973(a). The tax-exempt entities referred to in section 4965(c) are divided into two broad categories, nonplan entities and plan entities. (b) Non-plan entities. Non-plan entities are— (1) Entities described in section 501(c); (2) Religious or apostolic associations or corporations described in section 501(d); (3) Entities described in section 170(c), including states, possessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, political subdivisions of states and political subdivisions of possessions of the United States (but not including the United States); and (4) Indian tribal governments within the meaning of section 7701(a)(40). (c) Plan entities. Plan entities are— VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 (1) Entities described in section 4979(e)(1) (qualified plans under section 401(a), including qualified cash or deferred arrangements under section 401(k) (including a section 401(k) plan that allows designated Roth contributions)); (2) Entities described in section 4979(e)(2) (annuity plans described in section 403(a)); (3) Entities described in section 4979(e)(3) (annuity contracts described in section 403(b), including a section 403(b) arrangement that allows Roth contributions); (4) Qualified tuition programs described in section 529; (5) Eligible deferred compensation plans under section 457(b) that are maintained by a governmental employer as defined in section 457(e)(1)(A); (6) Arrangements described in section 4973(a) which include— (i) Individual retirement plans defined in sections 408(a) and (b), including— (A) Simplified employee pensions (SEPs) under section 408(k); (B) Simple individual retirement accounts (SIMPLEs) under section 408(p); (C) Deemed individual retirement accounts or annuities (IRAs) qualified under a qualified plan (deemed IRAs) under section 408(q)); and (D) Roth IRAs under section 408A. (ii) Arrangements described in section 220(d) (Archer Medical Savings Accounts (MSAs)); (iii) Arrangements described in section 403(b)(7) (custodial accounts treated as annuity contracts); (iv) Arrangements described in section 530 (Coverdell education savings accounts); and (v) Arrangements described in section 223(d) (health savings accounts (HSAs)). (d) Effective/applicability dates. See § 53.4965–9 for the discussion of the relevant effective and applicability dates. § 53.4965–3 Prohibited tax shelter transactions. (a) In general. Under section 4965(e), the term prohibited tax shelter transaction means— (1) Listed transactions within the meaning of section 6707A(c)(2), including subsequently listed transactions described in paragraph (b) of this section; and (2) Prohibited reportable transactions, which consist of the following reportable transactions within the meaning of section 6707A(c)(1)— (i) Confidential transactions, as described in § 1.6011–4(b)(3) of this chapter; or PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 38703 (ii) Transactions with contractual protection, as described in § 1.6011– 4(b)(4) of this chapter. (b) Subsequently listed transactions. A subsequently listed transaction for purposes of section 4965 is a transaction that is identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction after the tax-exempt entity has entered into the transaction and that was not a prohibited reportable transaction (within the meaning of section 4965(e)(1)(C) and paragraph (a)(2) of this section) at the time the entity entered into the transaction. (c) Cross-reference. The determination of whether a transaction is a listed transaction or a prohibited reportable transaction for section 4965 purposes shall be made under the law applicable to section 6707A(c)(1) and (c)(2). (d) Effective/applicability dates. See § 53.4965–9 for the discussion of the relevant effective and applicability dates. § 53.4965–4 Definition of tax-exempt party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (a) In general. For purposes of sections 4965 and 6033(a)(2), a taxexempt entity is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction if the entity— (1) Facilitates a prohibited tax shelter transaction by reason of its tax-exempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored status; or (2) Is identified in published guidance, by type, class or role, as a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (b) Published guidance may identify which tax-exempt entities, by type, class or role, will not be treated as a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (c) Example. The following example illustrates the principle of paragraph (a)(1) of this section: Example. A tax-exempt entity enters into a transaction (Transaction A) with an S corporation. Transaction A is the same as or substantially similar to the transaction identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction in Notice 2004–30 (2004–1 CB 828). The tax-exempt entity’s role in Transaction A is similar to the role of the taxexempt party, as described in Notice 2004– 30. Under the terms of the transaction, as described in Notice 2004–30, the tax-exempt entity receives the S corporation stock and purports to aid the S corporation and its shareholders in avoiding taxable income. The tax-exempt entity facilitates Transaction A by reason of its tax-exempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored status. Accordingly, the taxexempt entity is a party to Transaction A for purposes of sections 4965 and 6033(a)(2). See § 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter. (d) Effective/applicability dates. See § 53.4965–9 for the discussion of the relevant effective and applicability dates. E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 38704 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 § 53.4965–5 definitions. Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations Entity managers and related (a) Entity manager of a non-plan entity—(1) In general. Under section 4965(d)(1), an entity manager of a nonplan entity is— (i) A person with the authority or responsibility similar to that exercised by an officer, director, or trustee of an organization (that is, the non-plan entity); and (ii) With respect to any act, the person who has final authority or responsibility (either individually or as a member of a collective body) with respect to such act. (2) Definition of officer. For purposes of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, a person is considered to be an officer of the non-plan entity (or to have similar authority or responsibility) if the person— (i) Is specifically designated as such under the certificate of incorporation, by-laws, or other constitutive documents of the non-plan entity; or (ii) Regularly exercises general authority to make administrative or policy decisions on behalf of the nonplan entity. (3) Exception for acts requiring approval by a superior. With respect to any act, any person is not described in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section if the person has authority merely to recommend particular administrative or policy decisions, but not to implement them without approval of a superior. (4) Delegation of authority. A person is an entity manager of a non-plan entity within the meaning of paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section if, with respect to any prohibited tax shelter transaction, such person has been delegated final authority or responsibility with respect to such transaction (including by transaction type or dollar amount) by a person described in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section or the governing board of the entity. For example, an investment manager is an entity manager with respect to a prohibited tax shelter transaction if the non-plan entity’s governing body delegated to the investment manager the final authority to make certain investment decisions and, in the exercise of that authority, the manager committed the entity to the transaction. To be considered an entity manager of a non-plan entity within the meaning of paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section, a person need not be an employee of the entity. A person is not described in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section if the person is merely implementing a decision made by a superior. (b) Entity manager of a plan entity— (1) In general. Under section 4965(d)(2), VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 an entity manager of a plan entity is the person who approves or otherwise causes the entity to be a party to the prohibited tax shelter transaction. (2) Special rule for plan participants and beneficiaries who have investment elections—(i) Fully self-directed plans or arrangements. In the case of a fully self-directed qualified plan, IRA, or other savings arrangement (including a case where a plan participant or beneficiary is given a list of prohibited investments, such as collectibles), if the plan participant or beneficiary selected a certain investment and, therefore, approved the plan entity to become a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction, the plan participant or the beneficiary is an entity manager. (ii) Plans or arrangements with limited investment options. In the case of a qualified plan, IRA, or other savings arrangement where a plan participant or beneficiary is offered a limited number of investment options from which to choose, the person responsible for determining the pre-selected investment options is an entity manager and the plan participant or the beneficiary generally is not an entity manager. (c) Meaning of ‘‘approves or otherwise causes’’—(1) In general. A person is treated as approving or otherwise causing a tax-exempt entity to become a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction if the person has the authority to commit the entity to the transaction, either individually or as a member of a collective body, and the person exercises that authority. (2) Collective bodies. If a person shares the authority described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section as a member of a collective body (for example, board of trustees or committee), the person will be considered to have exercised such authority if the person voted in favor of the entity becoming a party to the transaction. However, a member of the collective body will not be treated as having exercised the authority described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section if he or she voted against a resolution that constituted approval or an act that caused the tax-exempt entity to be a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction, abstained from voting for such approval, or otherwise failed to vote in favor of such approval. (3) Exceptions—(i) Successor in interest. If a tax-exempt entity that is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction is dissolved, liquidated, or merged into a successor entity, an entity manager of the successor entity will not, solely by reason of the reorganization, be treated as approving or otherwise causing the successor entity to become PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction, provided that the reorganization of the tax-exempt entity does not result in a material change to the terms of the transaction. For purposes of this paragraph (c)(3)(i), a material change includes an extension or renewal of the agreement (other than an extension or renewal that results from another party to the transaction unilaterally exercising an option granted by the agreement) or a more than incidental change to any payment under the agreement. A change for the sole purpose of substituting the successor entity for the original tax-exempt party is not a material change. (ii) Exercise or nonexercise of options. Nonexercise of an option pursuant to a transaction involving the tax-exempt entity generally will not constitute an act of approving or causing the entity to be a party to the transaction. If, pursuant to a transaction involving the taxexempt entity, the entity manager exercises an option (such as a repurchase option), the entity manager will not be subject to the entity manager-level tax if the exercise of the option does not result in the tax-exempt entity becoming a party to a second transaction that is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (4) Example. The following example illustrates the principles of paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section: Example. In a sale-in, lease-out (SILO) transaction described in Notice 2005–13 (2005–9 IRB 630), X, which is a non-plan entity, has purported to sell property to Y, a taxable entity and lease it back for a term of years. At the end of the basic lease term, X has the option of ‘‘repurchasing’’ the property from Y for a predetermined purchase price, with funds that have been set aside at the inception of the transaction for that purpose. The entity manager, by deciding to exercise or not exercise the ‘‘repurchase’’ option is not approving or otherwise causing the non-plan entity to become a party to a second prohibited tax shelter transaction. See § 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter. (5) Coordination with the reason-toknow standard. The determination that an entity manager approved or caused a tax-exempt entity to be a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction, by itself, does not establish liability for the section 4965(a)(2) tax. For rules on determining whether an entity manager knew or had reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction, see § 53.4965–6(b). (d) Effective/applicability dates. See § 53.4965–9 for the discussion of the relevant effective and applicability dates. E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 § 53.4965–6 Meaning of ‘‘knows or has reason to know’’. (a) Attribution to the entity. An entity will be treated as knowing or having reason to know for section 4965 purposes if one or more of its entity managers knew or had reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction at the time the entity manager(s) approved the entity as (or otherwise caused the entity to be) a party to the transaction. The entity shall be attributed the knowledge or reason to know of any entity manager described in § 53.4965–5(a)(1)(i) even if that entity manager does not approve the entity as (or otherwise cause the entity to be) a party to the transaction. (b) Determining whether an entity manager knew or had reason to know— (1) In general. Whether an entity manager knew or had reason to know that a transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction is based on all facts and circumstances. In order for an entity manager to know or have reason to know that a transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction, the entity manager must have knowledge of sufficient facts that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. An entity manager will be considered to have ‘‘reason to know’’ if a reasonable person in the entity manager’s circumstances would conclude that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction based on all the facts reasonably available to the manager at the time of approving the entity as (or otherwise causing the entity to be) a party to the transaction. Factors that will be considered in determining whether a reasonable person in the entity manager’s circumstances would conclude that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction include, but are not limited to— (i) The presence of tax shelter indicia (see paragraph (b)(2) of this section); (ii) Whether the entity manager received a disclosure statement prior to the consummation of the transaction indicating that the transaction may be a prohibited tax shelter transaction (see paragraph (b)(3) of this section); and (iii) Whether the entity manager made appropriate inquiries into the transaction (see paragraph (b)(4) of this section). (2) Tax-shelter indicia. The presence of indicia that a transaction is a tax shelter will be treated as an indication that the entity manager knew or had reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction. Tax shelter indicia include but are not limited to— VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 (i) The transaction is extraordinary for the entity considering prior investment activity; (ii) The transaction promises an economic return for the organization that is exceptional considering the amount invested by, the participation of, or the absence of risk to the organization; or (iii) The transaction is of significant size relative to the receipts of the entity. (3) Effect of disclosure statements. Receipt by an entity manager of a statement, including a statement described in section 6011(g), in advance of a transaction that the transaction may be a prohibited tax shelter transaction (or a statement that a partnership, hedge fund or other investment conduit may engage in a prohibited tax shelter transaction in the future) is a factor relevant in the determination of whether the entity manager knew or had reason to know that the transaction is a prohibited transaction. However, an entity manager will not be treated as knowing or having reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction solely because the entity manager receives such a disclosure. (4) Appropriate inquiries. What inquiries are appropriate will be determined from the facts and circumstances of each case. For example, if one or more tax shelter indicia are present or if an entity manager receives a disclosure statement described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, an entity manager has a responsibility to inquire further whether the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (c) Reliance on professional advice— (1) In general. An entity manager is not required to obtain the advice of a professional tax advisor to establish that the entity manager made appropriate inquiries. Moreover, not seeking professional advice, by itself, shall not give rise to an inference that the entity manager had reason to know that a transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (2) Reliance on written opinion of professional tax advisor. An entity manager may establish that he or she did not have a reason to know that a transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction at the time the tax-exempt entity entered into the transaction if the entity manager reasonably, and in good faith, relied on the written opinion of a professional tax advisor. Reliance on the written opinion of a professional tax advisor establishes that the entity manager did not have reason to know if, taking into account all the facts and circumstances, the reliance was PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 38705 reasonable and the entity manager acted in good faith. For example, the entity manager’s education, sophistication, and business experience will be relevant in determining whether the reliance was reasonable and made in good faith. In no event will an entity manager be considered to have reasonably relied in good faith on an opinion unless the requirements of this paragraph (c)(2) are satisfied. The fact that these requirements are satisfied, however, will not necessarily establish that the entity manager reasonably relied on the opinion in good faith. For example, reliance may not be reasonable or in good faith if the entity manager knew, or reasonably should have known, that the advisor lacked knowledge in the relevant aspects of Federal tax law. (i) All facts and circumstances considered. The advice must be based upon all pertinent facts and circumstances and the law as it relates to those facts and circumstances. The requirements of this paragraph (c)(2) are not satisfied if the entity manager fails to disclose a fact that it knows, or reasonably should know, is relevant to determining whether the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (ii) No unreasonable assumptions. The advice must not be based on unreasonable factual or legal assumptions (including assumptions as to future events) and must not unreasonably rely on the representations, statements, findings, or agreements of the entity manager or any other person (including another party to the transaction or a material advisor within the meaning of sections 6111 and 6112). (iii) ‘‘More likely than not’’ opinion. The written opinion of the professional tax advisor must apply the appropriate law to the facts and, based on this analysis, must conclude that the transaction was not a prohibited tax shelter transaction at a ‘‘more likely than not’’ level of certainty at the time the entity manager approved the entity (or otherwise caused the entity) to be a party to the transaction. (3) Special rule. An entity manager‘s reliance on a written opinion of a professional tax advisor will not be considered reasonable if the advisor is, or is related to a person who is, a material advisor with respect to the transaction within the meaning of sections 6111 and 6112. (d) Subsequently listed transactions. An entity manager will not be treated as knowing or having reason to know that a transaction (other than a prohibited reportable transaction as defined in section 4965(e)(1)(C) and § 53.4965– 3(a)(2)) is a prohibited tax shelter E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 38706 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations transaction if the entity enters into the transaction before the date on which the transaction is identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction. (e) Effective/applicability dates. See § 53.4965–9 for the discussion of the relevant effective and applicability dates. wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 § 53.4965–7 Taxes on prohibited tax shelter transactions. (a) Entity-level taxes—(1) In general. Entity-level excise taxes apply to nonplan entities (as defined in § 53.4965– 2(b)) that are parties to prohibited tax shelter transactions. (i) Prohibited tax shelter transactions other than subsequently listed transactions—(A) Amount of tax if the entity did not know and did not have reason to know. If the tax-exempt entity did not know and did not have reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction at the time the entity entered into the transaction, the tax is the highest rate of tax under section 11 multiplied by the greater of— (1) The entity’s net income with respect to the prohibited tax shelter transaction (after taking into account any tax imposed by Subtitle D, other than by this section, with respect to such transaction) for the taxable year; or (2) 75 percent of the proceeds received by the entity for the taxable year that are attributable to such transaction. (B) Amount of tax if the entity knew or had reason to know. If the tax-exempt entity knew or had reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction at the time the entity entered into the transaction, the tax is the greater of— (1) 100 percent of the entity’s net income with respect to the transaction (after taking into account any tax imposed by Subtitle D, other than by this section, with respect to such transaction) for the taxable year; or (2) 75 percent of the proceeds received by the entity for the taxable year that are attributable to such transaction. (ii) Subsequently listed transactions— (A) In general. In the case of a subsequently listed transaction (as defined in section 4965(e)(2) and § 53.4965–3(b)), the tax-exempt entity’s income and proceeds attributable to the transaction are allocated between the period before the transaction became listed and the period beginning on the date the transaction became listed. See § 53.4965–8 for the standard for allocating net income or proceeds to various periods. The tax for each taxable VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 year is the highest rate of tax under section 11 multiplied by the greater of— (1) The entity’s net income with respect to the subsequently listed transaction (after taking into account any tax imposed by Subtitle D, other than by this section, with respect to such transaction) for the taxable year that is allocable to the period beginning on the later of the date such transaction is identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction or the first day of the taxable year; or (2) 75 percent of the proceeds received by the entity for the taxable year that are attributable to such transaction and allocable to the period beginning on the later of the date such transaction is identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction or the first day of the taxable year. (B) No increase in tax. The 100 percent tax under section 4965(b)(1)(B) and § 53.4965–7(a)(1)(i)(B) does not apply to any subsequently listed transaction (as defined in section 4965(e)(2) and § 53.4965–3(b)) entered into by a tax-exempt entity before the date on which the transaction is identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction. (2) Taxable year. The excise tax imposed under section 4965(a)(1) applies for the taxable year in which the entity becomes a party to the prohibited tax shelter transaction and any subsequent taxable year for which the entity has net income or proceeds attributable to the transaction. A taxable year for tax-exempt entities is the calendar year or fiscal year, as applicable, depending on the basis on which the tax-exempt entity keeps its books for Federal income tax purposes. If a tax-exempt entity has not established a taxable year for Federal income tax purposes, the entity’s taxable year for the purpose of determining the amount and timing of net income and proceeds attributable to a prohibited tax shelter transaction will be deemed to be the annual period the entity uses in keeping its books and records. (b) Manager-level taxes—(1) Amount of tax. If any entity manager approved or otherwise caused the tax-exempt entity to become a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction and knew or had reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction, such entity manager is liable for the $20,000 tax. See § 53.4965–5(d) for the meaning of approved or otherwise caused. See § 53.4965–6 for the meaning of knew or had reason to know. (2) Timing of the entity manager tax. If a tax-exempt entity enters into a prohibited tax shelter transaction during PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 a taxable year of an entity manager, then the entity manager that approved or otherwise caused the tax-exempt entity to become a party to the transaction is liable for the entity manager tax for that taxable year if the entity manager knew or had reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (3) Example. The application of paragraph (b)(2) of this section is illustrated by the following example: Example. The entity manager’s taxable year is the calendar year. On December 1, 2006, the entity manager approved or otherwise caused the tax-exempt entity to become a party to a transaction that the entity manager knew or had reason to know was a prohibited tax shelter transaction. The tax-exempt entity entered into the transaction on January 31, 2007. The entity manager is liable for the entity manager level tax for the entity manager’s 2007 taxable year, during which the tax-exempt entity entered into the prohibited tax shelter transaction. (4) Separate liability. If more than one entity manager approved or caused a tax-exempt entity to become a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction while knowing (or having reason to know) that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction, then each such entity manager is separately (that is, not jointly and severally) liable for the entity manager-level tax with respect to the transaction. (c) Effective/applicability dates. See § 53.4965–9 for the discussion of the relevant effective and applicability dates. § 53.4965–8 Definition of net income and proceeds and standard for allocating net income or proceeds to various periods. (a) In general. For purposes of section 4965(a), the amount and the timing of the net income and proceeds attributable to the prohibited tax shelter transaction will be computed in a manner consistent with the substance of the transaction. In determining the substance of listed transactions, the IRS will look to, among other items, the listing guidance and any subsequent guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin relating to the transaction. (b) Definition of net income and proceeds—(1) Net income. A tax-exempt entity’s net income attributable to a prohibited tax shelter transaction is its gross income derived from the transaction reduced by those deductions that are attributable to the transaction and that would be allowed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code if the tax-exempt entity were treated as a taxable entity for this purpose, and further reduced by taxes imposed by E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations Subtitle D, other than by this section, with respect to the transaction. (2) Proceeds—(i) Tax-exempt entities that facilitate the transaction by reason of their tax-exempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored status. Solely for purposes of section 4965, in the case of a taxexempt entity that is a party to the transaction by reason of § 53.4965– 4(a)(1) of this chapter, the term proceeds means the gross amount of the taxexempt entity’s consideration for facilitating the transaction, not reduced for any costs or expenses attributable to the transaction. Published guidance with respect to a particular prohibited tax shelter transaction may designate additional amounts as proceeds from the transaction for section 4965 purposes. (ii) Treatment of gifts and contributions. To the extent not otherwise included in the definition of proceeds in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section, any amount that is a gift or a contribution to a tax-exempt entity and is attributable to a prohibited tax shelter transaction will be treated as proceeds for section 4965 purposes, unreduced by any associated expenses. (c) Allocation of net income and proceeds—(1) In general. For purposes of section 4965(a), the net income and proceeds attributable to a prohibited tax shelter transaction must be allocated in a manner consistent with the taxexempt entity’s established method of accounting for Federal income tax purposes. If the tax-exempt entity has not established a method of accounting for Federal income tax purposes, solely for purposes of section 4965(a) the taxexempt entity must use the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting (cash method) provided for in section 446 of the Internal Revenue Code to determine the amount and timing of net income and proceeds attributable to a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (2) Special rule. If a tax-exempt entity has established a method of accounting other than the cash method, the taxexempt entity may nevertheless use the cash method of accounting to determine the amount of the net income and proceeds— (i) Attributable to a prohibited tax shelter transaction entered into prior to the effective date of section 4965(a) tax and allocable to pre- and post-effective date periods; or (ii) Attributable to a subsequently listed transaction and allocable to preand post-listing periods. (d) Transition year rules. In the case of the taxable year that includes August 16, 2006 (the transition year), the IRS will treat the period beginning on the VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 first day of the transition year and ending on August 15, 2006, and the period beginning on August 16, 2006, and ending on the last day of the transition year as short taxable years. This treatment is solely for purposes of allocating net income or proceeds under section 4965. The tax-exempt entity continues to file tax returns for the full taxable year, does not file tax returns with respect to these deemed short taxable years and does not otherwise take the short taxable years into account for Federal tax purposes. Accordingly, the net income or proceeds that are properly allocated to the transition year in accordance with this section will be treated as allocable to the period— (1) Ending on or before August 15, 2006 (and accordingly not subject to tax under section 4965(a)) to the extent such net income or proceeds would have been properly taken into account in accordance with this section by the tax-exempt entity in the deemed short year ending on August 15, 2006; and (2) Beginning after August 15, 2006 (and accordingly subject to tax under section 4965(a)) to the extent such income or proceeds would have been properly taken into account in accordance with this section by the taxexempt entity in the short year beginning August 16, 2006. (e) Allocation to pre- and post-listing periods. If a transaction (other than a prohibited reportable transaction (as defined in section 4965(e)(1)(C) and § 53.4965–3(a)(2)) to which the taxexempt entity is a party is subsequently identified in published guidance as a listed transaction during a taxable year of the entity (the listing year) in which it has net income or proceeds attributable to the transaction, the net income or proceeds are allocated between the pre- and post-listing periods. The IRS will treat the period beginning on the first day of the listing year and ending on the day immediately preceding the date of the listing, and the period beginning on the date of the listing and ending on the last day of the listing year as short taxable years. This treatment is solely for purposes of allocating net income or proceeds under section 4965. The tax-exempt entity continues to file tax returns for the full taxable year, does not file tax returns with respect to these deemed short taxable years and does not otherwise take the short taxable years into account for Federal tax purposes. Accordingly, the net income or proceeds that are properly allocated to the listing year in accordance with this section will be treated as allocable to the period— (1) Ending before the date of the listing (and accordingly not subject to PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 38707 tax under section 4965(a)) to the extent such net income or proceeds would have been properly taken into account in accordance with this section by the tax-exempt entity in the deemed short year ending on the day immediately preceding the date of the listing; and (2) Beginning on the date of the listing (and accordingly subject to tax under section 4965(a)) to the extent such income or proceeds would have been properly taken into account in accordance with this section by the taxexempt entity in the short year beginning on the date of the listing. (f) Examples. The following examples illustrate the allocation rules of this section: Example 1. (i) In 1999, X, a calendar year non-plan entity using the cash method of accounting, entered into a lease-in/lease-out transaction (LILO) substantially similar to the transaction described in Notice 2000–15 (2000–1 CB 826) (describing Rev. Rul. 99–14 (1999–1 CB 835), superseded by Rev. Rul. 2002–69 (2002–2 CB 760)). In 1999, X purported to lease property to Y pursuant to a ‘‘head lease,’’ and Y purported to lease the property back to X pursuant to a ‘‘sublease’’ of a shorter term. In form, X received $268M as an advance payment of head lease rent. Of this amount, $200M had been, in form, financed by a nonrecourse loan obtained by Y. X deposited the $200M with a ‘‘debt payment undertaker.’’ This served to defease both a portion of X’s rent obligation under its sublease and Y’s repayment obligation under the nonrecourse loan. Of the remainder of the $268M advance head lease rent payment, X deposited $54M with an ‘‘equity payment undertaker.’’ This served to defease the remainder of X’s rent obligation under the sublease as well as the exercise price of X’s end-of-sublease term purchase option. This amount inures to the benefit of Y and enables Y to recover its investment in the transaction and a return on that investment. In substance, the $54M is a loan from Y to X. X retained the remaining $14M of the advance head lease rent payment. In substance, this represents a fee for X’s participation in the transaction. See § 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter. (ii) According to the substance of the transaction, the head lease, sublease and nonrecourse debt will be ignored for Federal income tax purposes. Therefore, any net income or proceeds resulting from these elements of the transaction will not be considered net income or proceeds attributable to the LILO transaction for purposes of section 4965(a). The $54M deemed loan from Y to X and the $14M fee are not ignored for Federal income tax purposes. (iii) Under X’s established cash basis method of accounting, any net income received in 1999 and attributable to the LILO transaction is allocated to X’s December 31, 1999, tax year for purposes of section 4965. The $14M fee received in 1999, and which constitutes proceeds of the transaction, is likewise allocated to that tax year. Because the 1999 tax year is before the effective date E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 38708 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations of the section 4965 tax, X will not be subject to any excise tax under section 4965 for the amounts received in 1999. (iv) Any earnings on the amount deposited with the equity payment undertaker that constitute gross income to X will be reduced by X’s original issue discount deductions with respect to the deemed loan from Y, in determining X’s net income from the transaction. Example 2. B, a non-plan entity using the cash method of accounting, has an annual accounting period that ends on December 31, 2006. B entered into a prohibited tax shelter transaction on March 15, 2006. On that date, B received a payment of $600,000 as a fee for its involvement in the transaction. B received no other proceeds or income attributable to this transaction in 2006. Under B’s method of accounting, the payment received by B on March 15, 2006, is taken into account in the deemed short year ending on August 15, 2006. Accordingly, solely for purposes of section 4965, the payment is treated as allocable solely to the period ending on or before August 15, 2006, and is not subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4965(a). Example 3. The facts are the same as in Example 2, except that B received an additional payment of $400,000 on September 30, 2006. Under B’s method of accounting, the payment received by B on September 30, 2006, is taken into account in the deemed short year beginning on August 16, 2006. Accordingly, solely for purposes of section 4965, the $400,000 payment is treated as allocable to the period beginning after August 15, 2006, and is subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4965(a). Example 4. C, a non-plan entity using the cash method of accounting, has an annual accounting period that ends on December 31. C entered into a prohibited tax shelter transaction on May 1, 2005. On March 15, 2007, C received a payment of $580,000 attributable to the transaction. On June 1, 2007, the transaction is identified by the IRS in published guidance as a listed transaction. On June 15, 2007, C received an additional payment of $400,000 attributable to the transaction. Under C’s method of accounting, the payments received on March 15, 2007, and June 15, 2007, are taken into account in 2007. The IRS will treat the period beginning on January 1, 2007, and ending on May 31, 2007, and the period beginning on June 1, 2007, and ending on December 31, 2007, as short taxable years. The payment received by C on March 15, 2007, is taken into account in the deemed short year ending on May 31, 2007. Accordingly, solely for purposes of section 4965, the payment is treated as allocable solely to the pre-listing period, and is not subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4965(a). The payment received by C on June 15, 2007, is taken into account in the deemed short year beginning on June 1, 2007. Accordingly, solely for purposes of section 4965, the payment is treated as allocable to the post-listing period, and is subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4965(a). (g) Effective/applicability dates. See § 53.4965–9 for the discussion of the relevant effective and applicability dates. VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 § 53.4965–9 Effective/applicability dates. (a) In general. The taxes under section 4965(a) and § 53.4965–7 are effective for taxable years ending after May 17, 2006, with respect to transactions entered into before, on or after that date, except that no tax under section 4965(a) applies with respect to income or proceeds that are properly allocable to any period ending on or before August 15, 2006. (b) Applicability of the regulations. As of July 6, 2010, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, §§ 53.4965–1 through 53.4965–8 of this chapter will apply to taxable years ending after July 6, 2007. A tax-exempt entity may rely on the provisions of §§ 53.4965–1 through 53.4965–8 for taxable years ending on or before July 6, 2007. (c) Effective/applicability date with respect to certain knowing transactions—(1) Entity-level tax. The 100 percent tax under section 4965(b)(1)(B) and § 53.4965–7(a)(1)(i)(B) does not apply to prohibited tax shelter transactions entered into by a taxexempt entity on or before May 17, 2006. (2) Manager-level tax. The IRS will not assert that an entity manager who approved or caused a tax-exempt entity to become a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction is liable for the entity manager tax under section 4965(b)(2) and § 53.4965–7(b)(1) with respect to the transaction if the tax-exempt entity entered into such transaction prior to May 17, 2006. Par. 6. Section 53.6071–1, paragraphs (g) and (h) are revised to read as follows: ■ § 53.6071–1 Time for filing returns. * * * * * (g) Taxes imposed with respect to prohibited tax shelter transactions to which tax-exempt entities are parties— (1) Returns by certain tax-exempt entities. A Form 4720, ‘‘Return of Certain Excise Taxes Under Chapters 41 and 42 of the Internal Revenue Code,’’ required by § 53.6011–1(b) for a taxexempt entity described in section 4965(c)(1), (c)(2) or (c)(3) that is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction and is liable for tax imposed by section 4965(a)(1) shall be filed on or before the due date (not including extensions) for filing the tax-exempt entity’s annual information return under section 6033(a)(1). If the tax-exempt entity is not required to file an annual information return under section 6033(a)(1), the Form 4720 shall be filed on or before the 15th day of the fifth month after the end of the tax-exempt entity’s taxable year or, if the entity has not established a taxable year for PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 Federal income tax purposes, the entity’s annual accounting period. (2) Returns by entity managers of taxexempt entities described in section 4965(c)(1), (c)(2) or (c)(3). A Form 4720, required by § 53.6011–1(b) for an entity manager of a tax-exempt entity described in section 4965(c)(1), (c)(2) or (c)(3) who is liable for tax imposed by section 4965(a)(2) shall be filed on or before the 15th day of the fifth month following the close of the entity manager’s taxable year during which the entity entered into the prohibited tax shelter transaction. (3) Transition rule. A Form 4720, for a section 4965 tax that is or was due on or before October 4, 2007, will be deemed to have been filed on the due date if it is filed by October 4, 2007, and if all section 4965 taxes required to be reported on that Form 4720 are paid by October 4, 2007. (h) Effective/applicability date. Paragraph (g) of this section is applicable on July 6, 2007. § 53.6071–1T [Amended] Par. 7. Section 53.6071–1T(g) & (h) are removed. ■ PART 54—PENSION EXCISE TAXES Par. 8. The authority citation for part 54 continues to read, in part, as follows: ■ Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * * Par. 9. Section 54.6011–1, paragraphs (c) and (d) are revised to read as follows: ■ § 54.6011–1 General requirement of return, statement or list. * * * * * (c) Entity manager tax on prohibited tax shelter transactions—(1) In general. Any entity manager of a tax-exempt entity described in section 4965(c)(4), (c)(5), (c)(6), or (c)(7) who is liable for tax under section 4965(a)(2) shall file a return on Form 5330, ‘‘Return of Excise Taxes Related to Employee Benefit Plans,’’ on or before the 15th day of the fifth month following the close of such entity manager’s taxable year during which the entity entered into the prohibited tax shelter transaction, and shall include therein the information required by such form and the instructions issued with respect thereto. (2) Transition rule. A Form 5330, ‘‘Return of Excise Taxes Related to Employee Benefit Plans,’’ for an excise tax under section 4965 that is or was due on or before October 4, 2007, will be deemed to have been filed on the due date if it is filed by October 4, 2007, and if the section 4965 tax that was required to be reported on that Form 5330 is paid by October 4, 2007. E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations (d) Effective/applicability date. Paragraph (c) of this section is applicable on July 6, 2007. § 54.6011–1T [Amended] Par. 10. Section § 54.6011–1T(c) & (d) are removed. ■ PART 301—PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Par. 11. The authority citation for part 301 continues to read, in part, as follows: ■ Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * * Par. 12. Section 301.6011(g)–1 is added to read as follows: ■ wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 § 301.6011(g)-1 Disclosure by taxable party to the tax-exempt entity. (a) Requirement of disclosure—(1) In general. Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, any taxable party (as defined in paragraph (c) of this section) to a prohibited tax shelter transaction (as defined in section 4965(e) and § 53.4965–3 of this chapter) must disclose by statement to each taxexempt entity (as defined in section 4965(c) and § 53.4965–2 of this chapter) that the taxable party knows or has reason to know is a party to such transaction (as defined in paragraph (b) of this section) that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. (2) Determining whether a taxable party knows or has reason to know. Whether a taxable party knows or has reason to know that a tax-exempt entity is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction is based on all the facts and circumstances. If the taxable party knows or has reason to know that a prohibited tax shelter transaction involves a tax-exempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored entity, relevant factors for determining whether the taxable party knows or has reason to know that a specific tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction include— (i) The extent of the efforts made to determine whether a tax-exempt entity is facilitating the transaction by reason of its tax-exempt, tax indifferent or taxfavored status (or is identified in published guidance, by type, class or role, as a party to the transaction); and (ii) If a tax-exempt entity is facilitating the transaction by reason of its taxexempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored status (or is identified in published guidance, by type, class or role, as a party to the transaction), the extent of the efforts made to determine the identity of the tax-exempt entity. (b) Definition of tax-exempt party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction. For purposes of section 6011(g), a taxexempt entity is a party to a prohibited VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 tax shelter transaction if the entity is defined as such under § 53.4965–4 of this chapter. (c) Definition of taxable party—(1) In general. For purposes of this section, the term taxable party means— (i) A person who has entered into and participates or expects to participate in the transaction under §§ 1.6011– 4(c)(3)(i)(A), (B), or (C), 20.6011–4, 25.6011–4, 31.6011–4, 53.6011–4, 54.6011–4, or 56.6011–4 of this chapter; or (ii) A person who is designated as a taxable party by the Secretary in published guidance. (2) Special rules—(i) Certain listed transactions. If a transaction that was otherwise not a prohibited tax shelter transaction becomes a listed transaction after the filing of a person’s tax return (including an amended return) reflecting either tax consequences or a tax strategy described in the published guidance listing the transaction (or a tax benefit derived from tax consequences or a tax strategy described in the published guidance listing the transaction), the person is a taxable party beginning on the date the transaction is described as a listed transaction in published guidance. (ii) Persons designated as non-parties. Published guidance may identify which persons, by type, class or role, will not be treated as a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction for purposes of section 6011(g). (d) Time for providing disclosure statement—(1) In general. A taxable party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction must make the disclosure required by this section to each taxexempt entity that the taxable party knows or has reason to know is a party to the transaction within 60 days after the last to occur of— (i) The date the person becomes a taxable party to the transaction within the meaning of paragraph (c) of this section; (ii) The date the taxable party knows or has reason to know that the taxexempt entity is a party to the transaction within the meaning of paragraph (b) of this section; or (iii) July 6, 2010. (2) Termination of a disclosure obligation. A person shall not be required to provide the disclosure otherwise required by this section if the person does not know or have reason to know that the tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction within the meaning of paragraph (b) of this section on or before the first date on which the transaction is required to be disclosed by the person under §§ 1.6011–4, 20.6011–4, 25.6011–4, 31.6011–4, PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 38709 53.6011–4, 54.6011–4, or 56.6011–4 of this chapter. (3) Disclosure is not required with respect to any prohibited tax shelter transaction entered into by a tax-exempt entity on or before May 17, 2006. (e) Frequency of disclosure. One disclosure statement is required per taxexempt entity per transaction. See paragraph (h) of this section for rules relating to designation agreements. (f) Form and content of disclosure statement. The statement disclosing to the tax-exempt entity that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction must be a written statement that— (1) Identifies the type of prohibited tax shelter transaction (including the published guidance citation for a listed transaction); and (2) States that the tax-exempt entity’s involvement in the transaction may subject either it or its entity manager(s) or both to excise taxes under section 4965 and to disclosure obligations under section 6033(a) of the Internal Revenue Code. (g) To whom disclosure is made. The disclosure statement must be provided— (1) In the case of a non-plan entity as defined in § 53.4965–2(b) of this chapter, to— (i) Any entity manager of the taxexempt entity with authority or responsibility similar to that exercised by an officer, director or trustee of an organization; or (ii) If a person described in paragraph (g)(1)(i) of this section is not known, to the primary contact on the transaction. (2) In the case of a plan entity as defined in § 53.4965–2(c) of this chapter, including a fully self-directed qualified plan, IRA, or other savings arrangement, to any entity manager of the plan entity who approved or otherwise caused the entity to become a party to the prohibited tax shelter transaction. (h) Designation agreements. If more than one taxable party is required to disclose a prohibited tax shelter transaction under this section, the taxable parties may designate by written agreement a single taxable party to disclose the transaction. The transaction must then be disclosed in accordance with this section. The designation of one taxable party to disclose the transaction does not relieve the other taxable parties of their obligation to disclose the transaction to a tax-exempt entity that is a party to the transaction in accordance with this section, if the designated taxable party fails to disclose the transaction to the tax-exempt entity in a timely manner. E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1 38710 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 6, 2010 / Rules and Regulations (i) Penalty for failure to provide disclosure statement. See section 6707A for the penalty applicable to the failure to disclose a prohibited tax shelter transaction in accordance with this section. (j) Effective date/applicability date. This section will apply with respect to transactions entered into by a taxexempt entity after May 17, 2006. Par. 13. Section 301.6033–5 is added to read as follows: ■ § 301.6033–5 Disclosure by tax-exempt entities that are parties to certain reportable transactions. (a) In general. For provisions relating to the requirement of the disclosure by a tax-exempt entity that it is a party to certain reportable transactions, see § 1.6033–5 of this chapter (Income Tax Regulations). (b) Effective date/applicability date. This section applies with respect to transactions entered into by a taxexempt entity after May 17, 2006. § 301.6033–5T [Removed] Par. 14. Section 301.6033–5T is removed. ■ PART 602—OMB CONTROL NUMBERS UNDER THE PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT Par. 15. The authority citation for part 602 continues to read, in part, as follows: ■ Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * * Par. 16. In § 602.101, paragraph (b) is amended by adding the following entry in numerical order to the table to read as follows: ■ § 602.101 * OMB Control Numbers. * * (b) * * * * * CFR part or section where identified and described * * * 301.6011(g)–1 ...................... wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with RULES_PART 1 * * * Current OMB Control No. * * 1545–2079 * Steven T. Miller, Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement. Approved: June 29, 2010. Michael Mundaca, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Tax Policy). [FR Doc. 2010–16237 Filed 7–2–10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4830–01–P VerDate Mar<15>2010 14:41 Jul 02, 2010 Jkt 220001 * DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard 33 CFR Part 100 [Docket No. USCG–2009–0520] RIN 1625–AA08 Special Local Regulation, Fran Schnarr Open Water Championships, Huntington Bay, NY Coast Guard, DHS. Final rule. AGENCY: ACTION: SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a permanent Special Local Regulation on the navigable waters of Huntington Bay, New York due to the annual Fran Schnarr Open Water Championships. This Special Local Regulation is necessary to provide for the safety of life by protecting swimmers and their safety craft from the hazards imposed by marine traffic. Entry into this zone is prohibited unless authorized by the Captain of the Port Long Island Sound, New Haven, CT. DATES: This rule is effective July 6, 2010. Comments and material received from the public, as well as documents mentioned in this preamble as being available in the docket, are part of docket USCG–2009–0520 and are available online by going to http:// www.regulations.gov, inserting USCG– 2009–0520 in the ‘‘Keyword’’ box, and then clicking ‘‘Search.’’ This material is also available for inspection or copying at the Docket Management Facility (M– 30), U.S. Department of Transportation, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this rule, call or e-mail Chief Petty Officer Christie Dixon, Prevention Department, USCG Sector Long Island Sound at 203–468– 4459, christie.m.dixon@uscg.mil. If you have questions on viewing the docket, call Renee V. Wright, Program Manager, Docket Operations, telephone 202–366– 9826. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: ADDRESSES: Regulatory Information On March 22, 2010, the Coast Guard published a Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (SNPRM) entitled ‘‘Special Local Regulation, Fran Schnarr Open Water Championships, Huntington Bay, NY’’ in the Federal PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 Register (75 FR 13454). The Coast Guard received no comments or requests for meetings on the proposed rule. The Coast Guard is issuing this temporary final rule without the 30-day delayed effective date normally required by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 U.S.C. 553(d)). Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the Coast Guard finds that good cause exists for making this rule effective less than 30 days after publication in the Federal Register. To delay the effective date in this case would be impractical and unnecessary. Delay would be impractical because it would require that the event be rescheduled, a change which would affect hundreds of persons. Delay is also unnecessary because this event is not controversial; in the three months since the initial notice of proposed rulemaking, exactly zero comments have been received. Basis and Purpose The Fran Schnarr Open Water Championships is an annual open water swim on the waters of Huntington Bay, NY. This swim has historically involved up to 150 swimmers and accompanying safety craft. Prior to this rule there was not a permanent regulation in place to protect the swimmers or safety craft from the hazards imposed by marine traffic. To provide for the safety of life, the Coast Guard is establishing a permanent special local regulation on the navigable waters of Huntington Bay, New York that excludes all unauthorized persons and vessels from approaching within 100 yards of any swimmer or safety craft on the race course. Background On October 6, 2009 the Coast Guard published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking with request for comments titled, ‘‘Special Local Regulation, Fran Schnarr Open Water Championships, Huntington Bay, NY’’ (Docket number USCG–2009–0520) in the Federal Register (74 FR 51243). The notice proposed a regulated area encompassing 100 yards around the race course for the duration of the race. This provided safety of life for swimmers and safety craft, but any vessel transiting through the Bay would have to pass through the regulated area putting a burden on vessel traffic. This regulated area was considered but was not chosen due to its burden on vessel traffic. On March 22, 2010, the Coast Guard published a supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNPRM) entitled: Special Local Regulation, Fran Schnarr Open Water Championships, E:\FR\FM\06JYR1.SGM 06JYR1
[Pages 38700-38710]
[FR Doc No: 2010-16237]
under section 4965 of the Internal Revenue Code (Code), relating to
entity-level and manager-level excise taxes with respect to prohibited
tax shelter transactions to which tax-exempt entities are parties;
sections 6033(a)(2) and 6011(g), relating to certain disclosure
obligations with respect to such transactions; and sections 6011 and
6071, relating to the requirement of a return and time for filing with
respect to section 4965 taxes. This action is necessary to implement
section 516 of the Tax Increase Prevention Reconciliation Act of 2005.
These final regulations affect a broad array of tax-exempt entities,
including charities, state and local government entities, Indian tribal
governments and employee benefit plans, as well as entity managers of
1.6033-5(f), 53.4965-9(b) and (c), 53.6071-1(h), 54.6011-1(d),
301.6011(g)-1(j) and 301.6033-5(b).
3507(d)) under control number 1545-2079. The collection of information
in these final regulations is in Sec.  301.6011(g)-1. The collection of
information in Sec.  301.6011(g)-1 flows from section 6011(g), which
requires a taxable party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction to
disclose to any tax-exempt entity that is a party to the transaction
that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. The
likely recordkeepers are taxable entities or individuals that
participate in prohibited tax shelter transactions. The estimated
number of recordkeepers is between 1,250 and 6,500. The information
that is required to be collected for purposes of Sec.  301.6011(g)-1 is
a subset of information that is required to be collected in order to
complete and file Form 8886, ``Reportable Transaction Disclosure
Statement.'' The estimated paperwork burden for taxpayers filling out
Form 8886 is approved under OMB number 1545-1800.
number assigned by the Office of Management and Budget.
Books and records relating to the collection of information must be
administration of any internal revenue law. Generally, returns and
The Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005, Public
Law 109-222 (120 Stat. 345) (TIPRA), enacted on May 17, 2006, defines
certain transactions as prohibited tax shelter transactions and imposes
excise taxes and disclosure requirements with respect to prohibited tax
shelter transactions to which a tax-exempt entity is a party. Section
516 of TIPRA added new section 4965 and amended sections 6033(a)(2) and
6011(g) of the Code.
On July 6, 2007, the IRS and the Treasury Department published
final and temporary regulations under sections 6011 and 6071 (TD 9334)
and temporary regulations under section 6033 (TD 9335) in the Federal
Register (72 FR 36869; 72 FR 36871). Also on July 6, 2007, the IRS and
the Treasury Department issued a notice of proposed rulemaking cross-
referencing those temporary regulations (REG-142039-06; REG-139268-06)
in the Federal Register (72 FR 36927). This notice of proposed
rulemaking also included proposed regulations under sections 4965 and
6011(g). On August 16, 2007, and August 31, 2007, the IRS and the
Treasury Department issued corrections to TD 9334 (72 FR 45894; 72 FR
50211). On August 16, 2007, the IRS and the Treasury Department issued
corrections to TD 9335 (72 FR 45890).
The IRS did not receive any comments or requests for a public
hearing. Accordingly, the proposed regulations are adopted as final by
this Treasury decision with certain revisions described below.
The proposed regulations set forth a three-part definition of the
term ``party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction.'' Under the
proposed regulations, a tax-exempt entity is a party to a prohibited
tax shelter transaction if it: (1) Facilitates a prohibited tax shelter
transaction by reason of its exempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored
status; (2) enters into a listed transaction and reflects on its tax
return (whether an original or an amended return) a reduction or
elimination of its liability for applicable Federal employment, excise
or unrelated business income taxes that is derived directly or
indirectly from tax consequences or tax strategy described in the
published guidance that lists the transaction; or (3) is identified in
published guidance, by type, class or role, as a party to a prohibited
tax shelter transaction. The final regulations eliminate the second
part of this definition; therefore, a tax-exempt entity that enters
into a transaction to reduce or eliminate its own tax liability
generally will not be considered a party to a prohibited tax shelter
transaction under these regulations. However, under the third part of
the definition in the proposed regulations, which is retained in the
final regulations, the IRS and the Treasury Department may identify in
published guidance specific transactions or circumstances in which a
tax-exempt entity that enters into a transaction to reduce or eliminate
its own tax liability will be treated as a party to a prohibited tax
shelter transaction for purposes of section 4965.
A variety of circumstances may arise in which an entity generally
exempt from tax may nevertheless be subject to some form of Federal
taxation. When such circumstances arise, some tax-exempt entities may
seek ways to reduce or eliminate the Federal tax as would a similarly
situated entity that is not exempt from tax. In general, exempt status
does not provide additional opportunities or incentives for a tax-
exempt entity to engage in a listed transaction to reduce or eliminate
taxes imposed upon it. Further, a tax-exempt entity that engages in
such transactions is subject to the same disclosure rules and increased
penalties as other similarly situated taxpayers (for example, sections
6011, 6707A, 6662, 6662A and 6663).
Accordingly, the IRS and the Treasury Department believe that, as a
general rule, a tax-exempt entity that engages in a listed transaction
to reduce or eliminate its own tax liability should not be considered a
party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction for purposes of section
4965. The IRS and the Treasury Department have retained the ability to
provide exceptions to this general rule through published guidance that
identifies, by type, class or role, a tax-exempt entity as a party to a
prohibited tax shelter transaction, including a tax-exempt entity that
enters into a particular transaction to reduce or eliminate its own tax
Because the IRS and the Treasury Department have eliminated the
second part of the definition of the term ``party,'' certain other
conforming changes were made to the regulations.
The proposed regulations required a taxable party to a prohibited
tax shelter transaction to disclose by statement to each tax-exempt
entity that the taxable party knows or has reason to know is a party to
such transaction that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter
transaction. The proposed regulations required the taxable party to
make the disclosure within 60 days after the last to occur of (1) the
date the person becomes a taxable party to the transaction, or (2) the
date the taxable party knows or has reason to know that the tax-exempt
entity is a party to the transaction. The proposed regulations provided
an exception if the person does not know or have reason to know that
the tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction on or before the
first date on which the transaction is required to be disclosed by the
person under section 6011.
These final regulations modify the rule governing the timing of
this disclosure. The taxable party now must make the disclosure within
60 days after the last to occur of (1) the date the person becomes a
taxable party to the transaction, (2) the date the taxable party knows
or has reason to know that the tax-exempt entity is a party to the
transaction, or (3) July 6, 2010. These final regulations retain the
exception for persons who do not know or have reason to know that a
tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction on or before the first
date on which the transaction is required to be disclosed by the person
under section 6011.
U.S.C. chapter 5) does not apply to these regulations. It is hereby
certified that the collection of information in Sec.  301.6011(g)-1
small entities. Accordingly, a regulatory flexibility analysis under
the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601) (RFA) is not required.
The effect of these regulations on small entities flows directly from
the statutes these regulations implement. Section 6011(g), as amended
by TIPRA, requires any
taxable party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction to notify any
tax-exempt entity that is a party to such transaction that the
transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. In implementing
this statute, Sec.  301.6011(g)-1 of the regulations requires every
taxable party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction (or a single
taxable party acting by designation on behalf of other taxable parties)
to provide to every tax-exempt entity that the taxable party knows or
has reason to know is a party to the transaction a single statement
disclosing that the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction
within 60 days after the last to occur of: (1) The date the taxable
person becomes a taxable party to the transaction; (2) the date the
taxable party knows or has reason to know that the tax-exempt entity is
a party to the transaction; or (3) July 6, 2010. These final
regulations retain the exception for persons who do not know or have
reason to know that a tax-exempt entity is a party to the transaction
on or before the first date on which the transaction is required to be
disclosed by the person under section 6011. Moreover, it is unlikely
that a significant number of small businesses will engage in
transactions that are subject to disclosure under Sec.  301.6011(g).
rulemaking preceding these regulations was submitted to the Chief
The principal authors of these regulations are Benjamin Akins and
Cathy Pastor, Office of Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax
Exempt and Government Entities). However, other personnel from the IRS
and the Treasury Department participated in their development.
Accordingly, 26 CFR parts 1, 53, 54, 301, and 602 are amended as
Sec.  1.6033-5  Disclosure by tax-exempt entities that are parties to
certain reportable transactions.
(a) In general. Every tax-exempt entity (as defined in section
4965(c)) shall file with the IRS on Form 8886-T, ``Disclosure by Tax-
Exempt Entity Regarding Prohibited Tax Shelter Transaction'' (or a
successor form), in accordance with this section and the instructions
to the form, a disclosure of--
(1) Such entity's being a party (as defined in Sec.  53.4965-4 of
this chapter) to a prohibited tax shelter transaction (as defined in
section 4965(e)); and
(2) The identity of any other party (whether taxable or tax-exempt)
to such transaction that is known to the tax-exempt entity.
(b) Frequency of disclosure. A single disclosure is required for
each prohibited tax shelter transaction.
(c) By whom disclosure is made--(1) Tax-exempt entities referred to
in section 4965(c)(1), (2) or (3). In the case of tax-exempt entities
referred to in section 4965(c)(1), (2) or (3), the disclosure required
by this section must be made by the entity.
(2) Tax-exempt entities referred to in section 4965(c)(4), (5), (6)
or (7). In the case of tax-exempt entities referred to in section
4965(c)(4), (5), (6) or (7), including a fully self-directed qualified
plan, IRA, or other savings arrangement, the disclosure required by
this section must be made by the entity manager (as defined in section
4965(d)(2)) of the entity.
(d) Time and place for filing--(1) In general. The disclosure
required by this section shall be filed on or before May 15 of the
calendar year following the close of the calendar year during which the
tax-exempt entity entered into the prohibited tax shelter transaction.
(2) Subsequently listed transactions. In the case of subsequently
listed transactions (as defined in section 4965(e)(2)), the disclosure
transaction was identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction.
(3) Transition rule. If a tax-exempt entity entered into a
prohibited tax shelter transaction after May 17, 2006, and before
January 1, 2007, the disclosure required by this section shall be filed
(4) No disclosure. Disclosure is not required with respect to any
prohibited tax shelter transaction entered into by a tax-exempt entity
on or before May 17, 2006.
(e) Penalty for failure to provide disclosure statement. See
section 6652(c)(3) for the penalty applicable to the failure to
disclose a prohibited tax shelter transaction in accordance with this
(f) Effective date/applicability date. This section applies with
respect to transactions entered into by a tax-exempt entity after May
Sec.  1.6033-5T  [Removed].
Par. 4. The authority citation for part 53 continues to read, in part,
Par. 5. Sections 53.4965-1 through 53.4965-9 are added to subpart K to
Sec.  53.4965-1  Overview.
(a) Entity-level excise tax. Section 4965 imposes two excise taxes
with respect to certain tax shelter transactions to which tax-exempt
entities are parties. Section 4965(a)(1) imposes an entity-level excise
tax on certain tax-exempt entities that are parties to ``prohibited tax
shelter transactions,'' as defined in section 4965(e). See Sec.
53.4965-2 for the discussion of covered tax-exempt entities. See Sec.
53.4965-3 for the definition of prohibited tax shelter transactions.
See Sec.  53.4965-4 for the definition of tax-exempt party to a
prohibited tax shelter transaction. The entity-level excise tax under
section 4965(a)(1) is imposed on a specified percentage of the entity's
net income or proceeds that are attributable to the transaction for the
relevant tax year (or a period within that tax year). The rate of tax
depends on whether the entity knew or had reason to know that the
transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction at the time the
entity became
a party to the transaction. See Sec.  53.4965-7(a) for the discussion
of the entity-level excise tax under section 4965(a)(1). See Sec.
53.4965-6 for the discussion of ``knowing or having reason to know.''
See Sec.  53.4965-8 for the definition of net income and proceeds and
the standard for allocating net income and proceeds that are
attributable to a prohibited tax shelter transaction to various
(b) Manager-level excise tax. Section 4965(a)(2) imposes a manager-
level excise tax on ``entity managers,'' as defined in section 4965(d),
of tax-exempt entities who approve the entity as a party (or otherwise
cause the entity to be a party) to a prohibited tax shelter transaction
and know or have reason to know, at the time the tax-exempt entity
enters into the transaction, that the transaction is a prohibited tax
shelter transaction. See Sec.  53.4965-5 for the definition of entity
manager and the meaning of ``approving or otherwise causing,'' and
Sec.  53.4965-6 for the discussion of ``knowing or having reason to
know.'' See Sec.  53.4965-7(b) for the discussion of the manager-level
excise tax under section 4965(a)(2).
(c) Effective/applicability dates. See Sec.  53.4965-9 for the
discussion of the relevant effective and applicability dates.
(a) In general. Under section 4965(c), the term ``tax-exempt
entity'' refers to entities that are described in sections 501(c),
501(d), or 170(c) (other than the United States), Indian tribal
governments (within the meaning of section 7701(a)(40)), and tax-
qualified pension plans, individual retirement arrangements and similar
tax-favored savings arrangements that are described in sections
4979(e)(1), (2) or (3), 529, 457(b), or 4973(a). The tax-exempt
entities referred to in section 4965(c) are divided into two broad
categories, non-plan entities and plan entities.
(b) Non-plan entities. Non-plan entities are--
(2) Religious or apostolic associations or corporations described
in section 501(d);
(3) Entities described in section 170(c), including states,
possessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, political
subdivisions of states and political subdivisions of possessions of the
United States (but not including the United States); and
(4) Indian tribal governments within the meaning of section
7701(a)(40).
(c) Plan entities. Plan entities are--
(1) Entities described in section 4979(e)(1) (qualified plans under
section 401(a), including qualified cash or deferred arrangements under
section 401(k) (including a section 401(k) plan that allows designated
Roth contributions));
(2) Entities described in section 4979(e)(2) (annuity plans
described in section 403(a));
(3) Entities described in section 4979(e)(3) (annuity contracts
described in section 403(b), including a section 403(b) arrangement
that allows Roth contributions);
(5) Eligible deferred compensation plans under section 457(b) that
are maintained by a governmental employer as defined in section
457(e)(1)(A);
(6) Arrangements described in section 4973(a) which include--
(i) Individual retirement plans defined in sections 408(a) and (b),
(B) Simple individual retirement accounts (SIMPLEs) under section
408(p);
qualified under a qualified plan (deemed IRAs) under section 408(q));
(ii) Arrangements described in section 220(d) (Archer Medical
Savings Accounts (MSAs));
(iii) Arrangements described in section 403(b)(7) (custodial
accounts treated as annuity contracts);
(iv) Arrangements described in section 530 (Coverdell education
savings accounts); and
(v) Arrangements described in section 223(d) (health savings
accounts (HSAs)).
(d) Effective/applicability dates. See Sec.  53.4965-9 for the
Sec.  53.4965-3  Prohibited tax shelter transactions.
(a) In general. Under section 4965(e), the term prohibited tax
shelter transaction means--
(1) Listed transactions within the meaning of section 6707A(c)(2),
including subsequently listed transactions described in paragraph (b)
(2) Prohibited reportable transactions, which consist of the
following reportable transactions within the meaning of section
6707A(c)(1)--
(i) Confidential transactions, as described in Sec.  1.6011-4(b)(3)
(ii) Transactions with contractual protection, as described in
Sec.  1.6011-4(b)(4) of this chapter.
(b) Subsequently listed transactions. A subsequently listed
transaction for purposes of section 4965 is a transaction that is
identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction after the tax-
exempt entity has entered into the transaction and that was not a
prohibited reportable transaction (within the meaning of section
4965(e)(1)(C) and paragraph (a)(2) of this section) at the time the
entity entered into the transaction.
(c) Cross-reference. The determination of whether a transaction is
a listed transaction or a prohibited reportable transaction for section
4965 purposes shall be made under the law applicable to section
6707A(c)(1) and (c)(2).
Sec.  53.4965-4  Definition of tax-exempt party to a prohibited tax
(a) In general. For purposes of sections 4965 and 6033(a)(2), a
tax-exempt entity is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction if
(1) Facilitates a prohibited tax shelter transaction by reason of
its tax-exempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored status; or
(2) Is identified in published guidance, by type, class or role, as
a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction.
(b) Published guidance may identify which tax-exempt entities, by
type, class or role, will not be treated as a party to a prohibited tax
(c) Example. The following example illustrates the principle of
Example.  A tax-exempt entity enters into a transaction
(Transaction A) with an S corporation. Transaction A is the same as
or substantially similar to the transaction identified by the
Secretary as a listed transaction in Notice 2004-30 (2004-1 CB 828).
The tax-exempt entity's role in Transaction A is similar to the role
of the tax-exempt party, as described in Notice 2004-30. Under the
terms of the transaction, as described in Notice 2004-30, the tax-
exempt entity receives the S corporation stock and purports to aid
the S corporation and its shareholders in avoiding taxable income.
The tax-exempt entity facilitates Transaction A by reason of its
tax-exempt, tax indifferent or tax-favored status. Accordingly, the
tax-exempt entity is a party to Transaction A for purposes of
sections 4965 and 6033(a)(2). See Sec.  601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this
(a) Entity manager of a non-plan entity--(1) In general. Under
section 4965(d)(1), an entity manager of a non-plan entity is--
(i) A person with the authority or responsibility similar to that
exercised by an officer, director, or trustee of an organization (that
is, the non-plan entity); and
(ii) With respect to any act, the person who has final authority or
responsibility (either individually or as a member of a collective
body) with respect to such act.
(2) Definition of officer. For purposes of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of
this section, a person is considered to be an officer of the non-plan
entity (or to have similar authority or responsibility) if the person--
(i) Is specifically designated as such under the certificate of
incorporation, by-laws, or other constitutive documents of the non-plan
(ii) Regularly exercises general authority to make administrative
or policy decisions on behalf of the non-plan entity.
(3) Exception for acts requiring approval by a superior. With
respect to any act, any person is not described in paragraph (a)(2)(ii)
of this section if the person has authority merely to recommend
particular administrative or policy decisions, but not to implement
them without approval of a superior.
(4) Delegation of authority. A person is an entity manager of a
non-plan entity within the meaning of paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this
section if, with respect to any prohibited tax shelter transaction,
such person has been delegated final authority or responsibility with
respect to such transaction (including by transaction type or dollar
amount) by a person described in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section or
the governing board of the entity. For example, an investment manager
is an entity manager with respect to a prohibited tax shelter
transaction if the non-plan entity's governing body delegated to the
investment manager the final authority to make certain investment
decisions and, in the exercise of that authority, the manager committed
the entity to the transaction. To be considered an entity manager of a
section, a person need not be an employee of the entity. A person is
not described in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section if the person is
merely implementing a decision made by a superior.
(b) Entity manager of a plan entity--(1) In general. Under section
4965(d)(2), an entity manager of a plan entity is the person who
approves or otherwise causes the entity to be a party to the prohibited
tax shelter transaction.
(2) Special rule for plan participants and beneficiaries who have
investment elections--(i) Fully self-directed plans or arrangements. In
the case of a fully self-directed qualified plan, IRA, or other savings
arrangement (including a case where a plan participant or beneficiary
is given a list of prohibited investments, such as collectibles), if
the plan participant or beneficiary selected a certain investment and,
therefore, approved the plan entity to become a party to a prohibited
tax shelter transaction, the plan participant or the beneficiary is an
(ii) Plans or arrangements with limited investment options. In the
case of a qualified plan, IRA, or other savings arrangement where a
plan participant or beneficiary is offered a limited number of
investment options from which to choose, the person responsible for
determining the pre-selected investment options is an entity manager
and the plan participant or the beneficiary generally is not an entity
(c) Meaning of ``approves or otherwise causes''--(1) In general. A
person is treated as approving or otherwise causing a tax-exempt entity
to become a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction if the person
has the authority to commit the entity to the transaction, either
individually or as a member of a collective body, and the person
(2) Collective bodies. If a person shares the authority described
in paragraph (c)(1) of this section as a member of a collective body
(for example, board of trustees or committee), the person will be
considered to have exercised such authority if the person voted in
favor of the entity becoming a party to the transaction. However, a
member of the collective body will not be treated as having exercised
the authority described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section if he or
she voted against a resolution that constituted approval or an act that
caused the tax-exempt entity to be a party to a prohibited tax shelter
transaction, abstained from voting for such approval, or otherwise
failed to vote in favor of such approval.
(3) Exceptions--(i) Successor in interest. If a tax-exempt entity
that is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction is dissolved,
liquidated, or merged into a successor entity, an entity manager of the
successor entity will not, solely by reason of the reorganization, be
treated as approving or otherwise causing the successor entity to
become a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction, provided that
the reorganization of the tax-exempt entity does not result in a
material change to the terms of the transaction. For purposes of this
paragraph (c)(3)(i), a material change includes an extension or renewal
of the agreement (other than an extension or renewal that results from
another party to the transaction unilaterally exercising an option
granted by the agreement) or a more than incidental change to any
payment under the agreement. A change for the sole purpose of
substituting the successor entity for the original tax-exempt party is
(ii) Exercise or nonexercise of options. Nonexercise of an option
pursuant to a transaction involving the tax-exempt entity generally
will not constitute an act of approving or causing the entity to be a
party to the transaction. If, pursuant to a transaction involving the
tax-exempt entity, the entity manager exercises an option (such as a
repurchase option), the entity manager will not be subject to the
entity manager-level tax if the exercise of the option does not result
in the tax-exempt entity becoming a party to a second transaction that
is a prohibited tax shelter transaction.
(4) Example. The following example illustrates the principles of
paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section:
Example. In a sale-in, lease-out (SILO) transaction described in
Notice 2005-13 (2005-9 IRB 630), X, which is a non-plan entity, has
purported to sell property to Y, a taxable entity and lease it back
for a term of years. At the end of the basic lease term, X has the
option of ``repurchasing'' the property from Y for a predetermined
purchase price, with funds that have been set aside at the inception
of the transaction for that purpose. The entity manager, by deciding
to exercise or not exercise the ``repurchase'' option is not
approving or otherwise causing the non-plan entity to become a party
to a second prohibited tax shelter transaction. See Sec.
601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter.
(5) Coordination with the reason-to-know standard. The
determination that an entity manager approved or caused a tax-exempt
entity to be a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction, by
itself, does not establish liability for the section 4965(a)(2) tax.
For rules on determining whether an entity manager knew or had reason
to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction,
see Sec.  53.4965-6(b).
Sec.  53.4965-6  Meaning of ``knows or has reason to know''.
(a) Attribution to the entity. An entity will be treated as knowing
or having reason to know for section 4965 purposes if one or more of
its entity managers knew or had reason to know that the transaction was
a prohibited tax shelter transaction at the time the entity manager(s)
approved the entity as (or otherwise caused the entity to be) a party
to the transaction. The entity shall be attributed the knowledge or
reason to know of any entity manager described in Sec.  53.4965-
5(a)(1)(i) even if that entity manager does not approve the entity as
(or otherwise cause the entity to be) a party to the transaction.
(b) Determining whether an entity manager knew or had reason to
know--(1) In general. Whether an entity manager knew or had reason to
know that a transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction is
based on all facts and circumstances. In order for an entity manager to
know or have reason to know that a transaction is a prohibited tax
shelter transaction, the entity manager must have knowledge of
sufficient facts that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that
the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction. An entity
manager will be considered to have ``reason to know'' if a reasonable
person in the entity manager's circumstances would conclude that the
transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction based on all the
facts reasonably available to the manager at the time of approving the
entity as (or otherwise causing the entity to be) a party to the
transaction. Factors that will be considered in determining whether a
reasonable person in the entity manager's circumstances would conclude
that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction include,
but are not limited to--
(i) The presence of tax shelter indicia (see paragraph (b)(2) of
(ii) Whether the entity manager received a disclosure statement
prior to the consummation of the transaction indicating that the
transaction may be a prohibited tax shelter transaction (see paragraph
(b)(3) of this section); and
(iii) Whether the entity manager made appropriate inquiries into
the transaction (see paragraph (b)(4) of this section).
(2) Tax-shelter indicia. The presence of indicia that a transaction
is a tax shelter will be treated as an indication that the entity
manager knew or had reason to know that the transaction was a
prohibited tax shelter transaction. Tax shelter indicia include but are
(i) The transaction is extraordinary for the entity considering
prior investment activity;
(ii) The transaction promises an economic return for the
organization that is exceptional considering the amount invested by,
the participation of, or the absence of risk to the organization; or
(iii) The transaction is of significant size relative to the
receipts of the entity.
(3) Effect of disclosure statements. Receipt by an entity manager
of a statement, including a statement described in section 6011(g), in
advance of a transaction that the transaction may be a prohibited tax
shelter transaction (or a statement that a partnership, hedge fund or
other investment conduit may engage in a prohibited tax shelter
transaction in the future) is a factor relevant in the determination of
whether the entity manager knew or had reason to know that the
transaction is a prohibited transaction. However, an entity manager
will not be treated as knowing or having reason to know that the
transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction solely because the
entity manager receives such a disclosure.
(4) Appropriate inquiries. What inquiries are appropriate will be
determined from the facts and circumstances of each case. For example,
if one or more tax shelter indicia are present or if an entity manager
receives a disclosure statement described in paragraph (b)(3) of this
section, an entity manager has a responsibility to inquire further
whether the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction.
(c) Reliance on professional advice--(1) In general. An entity
manager is not required to obtain the advice of a professional tax
advisor to establish that the entity manager made appropriate
inquiries. Moreover, not seeking professional advice, by itself, shall
not give rise to an inference that the entity manager had reason to
know that a transaction is a prohibited tax shelter transaction.
(2) Reliance on written opinion of professional tax advisor. An
entity manager may establish that he or she did not have a reason to
know that a transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction at the
time the tax-exempt entity entered into the transaction if the entity
manager reasonably, and in good faith, relied on the written opinion of
a professional tax advisor. Reliance on the written opinion of a
professional tax advisor establishes that the entity manager did not
have reason to know if, taking into account all the facts and
circumstances, the reliance was reasonable and the entity manager acted
in good faith. For example, the entity manager's education,
sophistication, and business experience will be relevant in determining
whether the reliance was reasonable and made in good faith. In no event
will an entity manager be considered to have reasonably relied in good
faith on an opinion unless the requirements of this paragraph (c)(2)
are satisfied. The fact that these requirements are satisfied, however,
will not necessarily establish that the entity manager reasonably
relied on the opinion in good faith. For example, reliance may not be
reasonable or in good faith if the entity manager knew, or reasonably
should have known, that the advisor lacked knowledge in the relevant
aspects of Federal tax law.
relates to those facts and circumstances. The requirements of this
paragraph (c)(2) are not satisfied if the entity manager fails to
disclose a fact that it knows, or reasonably should know, is relevant
to determining whether the transaction is a prohibited tax shelter
statements, findings, or agreements of the entity manager or any other
person (including another party to the transaction or a material
advisor within the meaning of sections 6111 and 6112).
(iii) ``More likely than not'' opinion. The written opinion of the
professional tax advisor must apply the appropriate law to the facts
and, based on this analysis, must conclude that the transaction was not
a prohibited tax shelter transaction at a ``more likely than not''
level of certainty at the time the entity manager approved the entity
(or otherwise caused the entity) to be a party to the transaction.
(3) Special rule. An entity manager`s reliance on a written opinion
of a professional tax advisor will not be considered reasonable if the
advisor is, or is related to a person who is, a material advisor with
respect to the transaction within the meaning of sections 6111 and
(d) Subsequently listed transactions. An entity manager will not be
treated as knowing or having reason to know that a transaction (other
than a prohibited reportable transaction as defined in section
4965(e)(1)(C) and Sec.  53.4965-3(a)(2)) is a prohibited tax shelter
transaction if the entity enters into the transaction before the date
on which the transaction is identified by the Secretary as a listed
(e) Effective/applicability dates. See Sec.  53.4965-9 for the
Sec.  53.4965-7  Taxes on prohibited tax shelter transactions.
(a) Entity-level taxes--(1) In general. Entity-level excise taxes
apply to non-plan entities (as defined in Sec.  53.4965-2(b)) that are
parties to prohibited tax shelter transactions.
(i) Prohibited tax shelter transactions other than subsequently
listed transactions--(A) Amount of tax if the entity did not know and
did not have reason to know. If the tax-exempt entity did not know and
did not have reason to know that the transaction was a prohibited tax
shelter transaction at the time the entity entered into the
transaction, the tax is the highest rate of tax under section 11
multiplied by the greater of--
(1) The entity's net income with respect to the prohibited tax
shelter transaction (after taking into account any tax imposed by
Subtitle D, other than by this section, with respect to such
transaction) for the taxable year; or
(2) 75 percent of the proceeds received by the entity for the
taxable year that are attributable to such transaction.
(B) Amount of tax if the entity knew or had reason to know. If the
tax-exempt entity knew or had reason to know that the transaction was a
prohibited tax shelter transaction at the time the entity entered into
the transaction, the tax is the greater of--
(1) 100 percent of the entity's net income with respect to the
transaction (after taking into account any tax imposed by Subtitle D,
other than by this section, with respect to such transaction) for the
(ii) Subsequently listed transactions--(A) In general. In the case
of a subsequently listed transaction (as defined in section 4965(e)(2)
and Sec.  53.4965-3(b)), the tax-exempt entity's income and proceeds
attributable to the transaction are allocated between the period before
the transaction became listed and the period beginning on the date the
transaction became listed. See Sec.  53.4965-8 for the standard for
allocating net income or proceeds to various periods. The tax for each
taxable year is the highest rate of tax under section 11 multiplied by
(1) The entity's net income with respect to the subsequently listed
taxable year that is allocable to the period beginning on the later of
the date such transaction is identified by the Secretary as a listed
transaction or the first day of the taxable year; or
taxable year that are attributable to such transaction and allocable to
the period beginning on the later of the date such transaction is
identified by the Secretary as a listed transaction or the first day of
(B) No increase in tax. The 100 percent tax under section
4965(b)(1)(B) and Sec.  53.4965-7(a)(1)(i)(B) does not apply to any
subsequently listed transaction (as defined in section 4965(e)(2) and
Sec.  53.4965-3(b)) entered into by a tax-exempt entity before the date
(2) Taxable year. The excise tax imposed under section 4965(a)(1)
applies for the taxable year in which the entity becomes a party to the
prohibited tax shelter transaction and any subsequent taxable year for
which the entity has net income or proceeds attributable to the
transaction. A taxable year for tax-exempt entities is the calendar
year or fiscal year, as applicable, depending on the basis on which the
tax-exempt entity keeps its books for Federal income tax purposes. If a
tax-exempt entity has not established a taxable year for Federal income
tax purposes, the entity's taxable year for the purpose of determining
the amount and timing of net income and proceeds attributable to a
prohibited tax shelter transaction will be deemed to be the annual
period the entity uses in keeping its books and records.
(b) Manager-level taxes--(1) Amount of tax. If any entity manager
approved or otherwise caused the tax-exempt entity to become a party to
a prohibited tax shelter transaction and knew or had reason to know
that the transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction, such
entity manager is liable for the $20,000 tax. See Sec.  53.4965-5(d)
for the meaning of approved or otherwise caused. See Sec.  53.4965-6
for the meaning of knew or had reason to know.
(2) Timing of the entity manager tax. If a tax-exempt entity enters
into a prohibited tax shelter transaction during a taxable year of an
entity manager, then the entity manager that approved or otherwise
caused the tax-exempt entity to become a party to the transaction is
liable for the entity manager tax for that taxable year if the entity
(3) Example. The application of paragraph (b)(2) of this section is
Example. The entity manager's taxable year is the calendar year.
On December 1, 2006, the entity manager approved or otherwise caused
the tax-exempt entity to become a party to a transaction that the
entity manager knew or had reason to know was a prohibited tax
shelter transaction. The tax-exempt entity entered into the
transaction on January 31, 2007. The entity manager is liable for
the entity manager level tax for the entity manager's 2007 taxable
year, during which the tax-exempt entity entered into the prohibited
(4) Separate liability. If more than one entity manager approved or
caused a tax-exempt entity to become a party to a prohibited tax
shelter transaction while knowing (or having reason to know) that the
transaction was a prohibited tax shelter transaction, then each such
entity manager is separately (that is, not jointly and severally)
liable for the entity manager-level tax with respect to the
(a) In general. For purposes of section 4965(a), the amount and the
timing of the net income and proceeds attributable to the prohibited
tax shelter transaction will be computed in a manner consistent with
the substance of the transaction. In determining the substance of
listed transactions, the IRS will look to, among other items, the
listing guidance and any subsequent guidance published in the Internal
Revenue Bulletin relating to the transaction.
(b) Definition of net income and proceeds--(1) Net income. A tax-
exempt entity's net income attributable to a prohibited tax shelter
transaction is its gross income derived from the transaction reduced by
those deductions that are attributable to the transaction and that
would be allowed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code if the tax-
exempt entity were treated as a taxable entity for this purpose, and
further reduced by taxes imposed by
Subtitle D, other than by this section, with respect to the
(2) Proceeds--(i) Tax-exempt entities that facilitate the
transaction by reason of their tax-exempt, tax indifferent or tax-
favored status. Solely for purposes of section 4965, in the case of a
tax-exempt entity that is a party to the transaction by reason of Sec.
53.4965-4(a)(1) of this chapter, the term proceeds means the gross
amount of the tax-exempt entity's consideration for facilitating the
transaction, not reduced for any costs or expenses attributable to the
transaction. Published guidance with respect to a particular prohibited
tax shelter transaction may designate additional amounts as proceeds
from the transaction for section 4965 purposes.
(ii) Treatment of gifts and contributions. To the extent not
otherwise included in the definition of proceeds in paragraph (b)(2)(i)
of this section, any amount that is a gift or a contribution to a tax-
exempt entity and is attributable to a prohibited tax shelter
transaction will be treated as proceeds for section 4965 purposes,
unreduced by any associated expenses.
(c) Allocation of net income and proceeds--(1) In general. For
purposes of section 4965(a), the net income and proceeds attributable
to a prohibited tax shelter transaction must be allocated in a manner
consistent with the tax-exempt entity's established method of
accounting for Federal income tax purposes. If the tax-exempt entity
has not established a method of accounting for Federal income tax
purposes, solely for purposes of section 4965(a) the tax-exempt entity
must use the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting (cash
method) provided for in section 446 of the Internal Revenue Code to
determine the amount and timing of net income and proceeds attributable
to a prohibited tax shelter transaction.
(2) Special rule. If a tax-exempt entity has established a method
of accounting other than the cash method, the tax-exempt entity may
nevertheless use the cash method of accounting to determine the amount
of the net income and proceeds--
(i) Attributable to a prohibited tax shelter transaction entered
into prior to the effective date of section 4965(a) tax and allocable
to pre- and post-effective date periods; or
(ii) Attributable to a subsequently listed transaction and
allocable to pre- and post-listing periods.
(d) Transition year rules. In the case of the taxable year that
includes August 16, 2006 (the transition year), the IRS will treat the
period beginning on the first day of the transition year and ending on
August 15, 2006, and the period beginning on August 16, 2006, and
ending on the last day of the transition year as short taxable years.
This treatment is solely for purposes of allocating net income or
proceeds under section 4965. The tax-exempt entity continues to file
tax returns for the full taxable year, does not file tax returns with
respect to these deemed short taxable years and does not otherwise take
the short taxable years into account for Federal tax purposes.
Accordingly, the net income or proceeds that are properly allocated to
the transition year in accordance with this section will be treated as
allocable to the period--
(1) Ending on or before August 15, 2006 (and accordingly not
subject to tax under section 4965(a)) to the extent such net income or
proceeds would have been properly taken into account in accordance with
this section by the tax-exempt entity in the deemed short year ending
on August 15, 2006; and
(2) Beginning after August 15, 2006 (and accordingly subject to tax
under section 4965(a)) to the extent such income or proceeds would have
been properly taken into account in accordance with this section by the
tax-exempt entity in the short year beginning August 16, 2006.
(e) Allocation to pre- and post-listing periods. If a transaction
(other than a prohibited reportable transaction (as defined in section
4965(e)(1)(C) and Sec.  53.4965-3(a)(2)) to which the tax-exempt entity
is a party is subsequently identified in published guidance as a listed
transaction during a taxable year of the entity (the listing year) in
which it has net income or proceeds attributable to the transaction,
the net income or proceeds are allocated between the pre- and post-
listing periods. The IRS will treat the period beginning on the first
day of the listing year and ending on the day immediately preceding the
date of the listing, and the period beginning on the date of the
listing and ending on the last day of the listing year as short taxable
years. This treatment is solely for purposes of allocating net income
or proceeds under section 4965. The tax-exempt entity continues to file
the listing year in accordance with this section will be treated as
(1) Ending before the date of the listing (and accordingly not
on the day immediately preceding the date of the listing; and
(2) Beginning on the date of the listing (and accordingly subject
to tax under section 4965(a)) to the extent such income or proceeds
would have been properly taken into account in accordance with this
section by the tax-exempt entity in the short year beginning on the
date of the listing.
(f) Examples. The following examples illustrate the allocation
Example 1. (i) In 1999, X, a calendar year non-plan entity using
the cash method of accounting, entered into a lease-in/lease-out
transaction (LILO) substantially similar to the transaction
described in Notice 2000-15 (2000-1 CB 826) (describing Rev. Rul.
99-14 (1999-1 CB 835), superseded by Rev. Rul. 2002-69 (2002-2 CB
760)). In 1999, X purported to lease property to Y pursuant to a
``head lease,'' and Y purported to lease the property back to X
pursuant to a ``sublease'' of a shorter term. In form, X received
$268M as an advance payment of head lease rent. Of this amount,
$200M had been, in form, financed by a nonrecourse loan obtained by
Y. X deposited the $200M with a ``debt payment undertaker.'' This
served to defease both a portion of X's rent obligation under its
sublease and Y's repayment obligation under the nonrecourse loan. Of
the remainder of the $268M advance head lease rent payment, X
deposited $54M with an ``equity payment undertaker.'' This served to
defease the remainder of X's rent obligation under the sublease as
well as the exercise price of X's end-of-sublease term purchase
option. This amount inures to the benefit of Y and enables Y to
recover its investment in the transaction and a return on that
investment. In substance, the $54M is a loan from Y to X. X retained
the remaining $14M of the advance head lease rent payment. In
substance, this represents a fee for X's participation in the
transaction. See Sec.  601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter.
(ii) According to the substance of the transaction, the head
lease, sublease and nonrecourse debt will be ignored for Federal
income tax purposes. Therefore, any net income or proceeds resulting
from these elements of the transaction will not be considered net
income or proceeds attributable to the LILO transaction for purposes
of section 4965(a). The $54M deemed loan from Y to X and the $14M
fee are not ignored for Federal income tax purposes.
(iii) Under X's established cash basis method of accounting, any
net income received in 1999 and attributable to the LILO transaction
is allocated to X's December 31, 1999, tax year for purposes of
section 4965. The $14M fee received in 1999, and which constitutes
proceeds of the transaction, is likewise allocated to that tax year.
Because the 1999 tax year is before the effective date
of the section 4965 tax, X will not be subject to any excise tax
under section 4965 for the amounts received in 1999.
(iv) Any earnings on the amount deposited with the equity
payment undertaker that constitute gross income to X will be reduced
by X's original issue discount deductions with respect to the deemed
loan from Y, in determining X's net income from the transaction.
Example 2.  B, a non-plan entity using the cash method of
accounting, has an annual accounting period that ends on December
31, 2006. B entered into a prohibited tax shelter transaction on
March 15, 2006. On that date, B received a payment of $600,000 as a
fee for its involvement in the transaction. B received no other
proceeds or income attributable to this transaction in 2006. Under
B's method of accounting, the payment received by B on March 15,
2006, is taken into account in the deemed short year ending on
August 15, 2006. Accordingly, solely for purposes of section 4965,
the payment is treated as allocable solely to the period ending on
or before August 15, 2006, and is not subject to the excise tax
imposed by section 4965(a).
Example 3.  The facts are the same as in Example 2, except that
B received an additional payment of $400,000 on September 30, 2006.
Under B's method of accounting, the payment received by B on
September 30, 2006, is taken into account in the deemed short year
beginning on August 16, 2006. Accordingly, solely for purposes of
section 4965, the $400,000 payment is treated as allocable to the
period beginning after August 15, 2006, and is subject to the excise
tax imposed by section 4965(a).
Example 4.  C, a non-plan entity using the cash method of
31. C entered into a prohibited tax shelter transaction on May 1,
2005. On March 15, 2007, C received a payment of $580,000
attributable to the transaction. On June 1, 2007, the transaction is
identified by the IRS in published guidance as a listed transaction.
On June 15, 2007, C received an additional payment of $400,000
attributable to the transaction. Under C's method of accounting, the
payments received on March 15, 2007, and June 15, 2007, are taken
into account in 2007. The IRS will treat the period beginning on
January 1, 2007, and ending on May 31, 2007, and the period
beginning on June 1, 2007, and ending on December 31, 2007, as short
taxable years. The payment received by C on March 15, 2007, is taken
into account in the deemed short year ending on May 31, 2007.
Accordingly, solely for purposes of section 4965, the payment is
treated as allocable solely to the pre-listing period, and is not
subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4965(a). The payment
received by C on June 15, 2007, is taken into account in the deemed
short year beginning on June 1, 2007. Accordingly, solely for
purposes of section 4965, the payment is treated as allocable to the
post-listing period, and is subject to the excise tax imposed by
section 4965(a).
(g) Effective/applicability dates. See Sec.  53.4965-9 for the
Sec.  53.4965-9  Effective/applicability dates.
(a) In general. The taxes under section 4965(a) and Sec.  53.4965-7
are effective for taxable years ending after May 17, 2006, with respect
to transactions entered into before, on or after that date, except that
no tax under section 4965(a) applies with respect to income or proceeds
that are properly allocable to any period ending on or before August
(b) Applicability of the regulations. As of July 6, 2010, except as
provided in paragraph (c) of this section, Sec. Sec.  53.4965-1 through
53.4965-8 of this chapter will apply to taxable years ending after July
6, 2007. A tax-exempt entity may rely on the provisions of Sec. Sec.
53.4965-1 through 53.4965-8 for taxable years ending on or before July
(c) Effective/applicability date with respect to certain knowing
transactions--(1) Entity-level tax. The 100 percent tax under section
4965(b)(1)(B) and Sec.  53.4965-7(a)(1)(i)(B) does not apply to
prohibited tax shelter transactions entered into by a tax-exempt entity
(2) Manager-level tax. The IRS will not assert that an entity
manager who approved or caused a tax-exempt entity to become a party to
a prohibited tax shelter transaction is liable for the entity manager
tax under section 4965(b)(2) and Sec.  53.4965-7(b)(1) with respect to
the transaction if the tax-exempt entity entered into such transaction
prior to May 17, 2006.
Par. 6. Section 53.6071-1, paragraphs (g) and (h) are revised to read
(g) Taxes imposed with respect to prohibited tax shelter
transactions to which tax-exempt entities are parties--(1) Returns by
certain tax-exempt entities. A Form 4720, ``Return of Certain Excise
Taxes Under Chapters 41 and 42 of the Internal Revenue Code,'' required
by Sec.  53.6011-1(b) for a tax-exempt entity described in section
4965(c)(1), (c)(2) or (c)(3) that is a party to a prohibited tax
shelter transaction and is liable for tax imposed by section 4965(a)(1)
shall be filed on or before the due date (not including extensions) for
filing the tax-exempt entity's annual information return under section
6033(a)(1). If the tax-exempt entity is not required to file an annual
information return under section 6033(a)(1), the Form 4720 shall be
filed on or before the 15th day of the fifth month after the end of the
tax-exempt entity's taxable year or, if the entity has not established
a taxable year for Federal income tax purposes, the entity's annual
(2) Returns by entity managers of tax-exempt entities described in
section 4965(c)(1), (c)(2) or (c)(3). A Form 4720, required by Sec.
53.6011-1(b) for an entity manager of a tax-exempt entity described in
section 4965(c)(1), (c)(2) or (c)(3) who is liable for tax imposed by
section 4965(a)(2) shall be filed on or before the 15th day of the
fifth month following the close of the entity manager's taxable year
during which the entity entered into the prohibited tax shelter
(3) Transition rule. A Form 4720, for a section 4965 tax that is or
on the due date if it is filed by October 4, 2007, and if all section
4965 taxes required to be reported on that Form 4720 are paid by
(h) Effective/applicability date. Paragraph (g) of this section is
applicable on July 6, 2007.
Sec.  53.6071-1T  [Amended]
Par. 8. The authority citation for part 54 continues to read, in part,
Par. 9. Section 54.6011-1, paragraphs (c) and (d) are revised to read
(c) Entity manager tax on prohibited tax shelter transactions--(1)
In general. Any entity manager of a tax-exempt entity described in
section 4965(c)(4), (c)(5), (c)(6), or (c)(7) who is liable for tax
under section 4965(a)(2) shall file a return on Form 5330, ``Return of
Excise Taxes Related to Employee Benefit Plans,'' on or before the 15th
day of the fifth month following the close of such entity manager's
taxable year during which the entity entered into the prohibited tax
shelter transaction, and shall include therein the information required
by such form and the instructions issued with respect thereto.
is or was due on or before October 4, 2007, will be deemed to have been
filed on the due date if it is filed by October 4, 2007, and if the
section 4965 tax that was required to be reported on that Form 5330 is
paid by October 4, 2007.
[[Page 38709]]
(d) Effective/applicability date. Paragraph (c) of this section is
Sec.  54.6011-1T  [Amended]
Par. 10. Section Sec.  54.6011-1T(