Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7872477?dq=6,034,652
Timestamp: 2016-12-03 18:50:09
Document Index: 651403536

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 1']

Patent US7872477 - Multi-component marine electromagnetic signal acquisition cable and system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA marine electromagnetic sensor cable includes a plurality of sensor modules disposed at spaced apart locations along a cable. Each module includes at least one pair of electrodes associated with the module. The electrodes are arranged to measure electric field in a direction along the direction of the...http://www.google.com/patents/US7872477?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7872477 - Multi-component marine electromagnetic signal acquisition cable and systemAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7872477 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/742,359Publication dateJan 18, 2011Filing dateApr 30, 2007Priority dateApr 30, 2007Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS7800374, US20080265895, US20100148783Publication number11742359, 742359, US 7872477 B2, US 7872477B2, US-B2-7872477, US7872477 B2, US7872477B2InventorsKurt M. Strack, Stefan L. HelwigOriginal AssigneeKjt Enterprises, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (60), Non-Patent Citations (30), Referenced by (3), Classifications (8), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMulti-component marine electromagnetic signal acquisition cable and system
US 7872477 B2Abstract
A marine electromagnetic sensor cable includes a plurality of sensor modules disposed at spaced apart locations along a cable. Each module includes at least one pair of electrodes associated with the module. The electrodes are arranged to measure electric field in a direction along the direction of the cable. The cable is arranged to form a closed pattern. Another marine electromagnetic sensor cable includes a plurality of sensor modules disposed at spaced apart locations along a cable. Each module includes at least one pair of electrodes associated therewith. The electrodes are arranged to measure electric field in a direction along the direction of the cable. A plurality of spaced apart magnetic field sensors is associated with each module and arranged to enable determining an electric field amplitude in a direction transverse to the direction of the cable from magnetic field gradient.
a plurality of sensor modules disposed at spaced apart locations along a cable, each module including at least one pair of electrodes associated therewith, the electrodes arranged to measure electric field in a direction along the direction of the cable;
wherein the cable is arranged to form a closed pattern; and
wherein each module further comprises at least one laterally extending sensor arm affixed to the module, the at least one sensor arm including at least one electrode thereon.
3. The cable of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor arm comprises at least one magnetic field sensor.
4. The cable of claim 3 wherein the at least one sensor arm comprises a plurality of spaced apart magnetic field sensors.
5. The cable of claim 1 wherein each module further comprises a vertically extending sensor arm affixed to the module, the at least one sensor arm including at least one electrode thereon.
6. The cable of claim 5 wherein the vertically extending sensor arm comprises at least one magnetic field sensor.
7. The cable of claim 6 wherein the vertically extending sensor arm comprises a plurality of spaced apart magnetic field sensors.
8. The cable of claim 1 wherein each module comprises at least one seismic sensor.
9. The cable of claim 8 wherein the at least one seismic sensor comprises a triaxial geophone.
10. The cable of claim 1 wherein each module comprises at least one magnetic field sensor.
11. The cable of claim 10 wherein each module comprises electrical circuitry for digitizing and communicating signals detected by the at least one pair of electrodes and the at least one magnetic field sensor.
13. A marine electromagnetic surveying system, comprising:
a plurality of sensor modules disposed at spaced apart locations along a cable, each module including at least one pair of electrodes associated therewith, the electrodes arranged to measure electric field in a direction along the direction of the cable, wherein the cable is arranged to form a closed pattern, and wherein each module further comprises at least one laterally extending sensor arm affixed to the module, the at least one sensor arm including at least one electrode thereon; and
means for recording signals generated by the electrodes and magnetic field sensors in response to electromagnetic energy imparted into the Earth's subsurface by passing electric current through the at least one antenna.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein each module further comprises at least one triaxial magnetic field sensor and a high frequency magnetic field sensor.
15. The system of claim 13 wherein the at least one sensor arm comprises at least one magnetic field sensor.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the at least one sensor arm comprises a plurality of spaced apart magnetic field sensors.
17. The system of claim 13 wherein each module further comprises a vertically extending sensor arm affixed to the module, the at least one sensor arm including at least one electrode thereon.
18. The system of claim 17 wherein the vertically extending sensor arm comprises at least one magnetic field sensor.
19. The system of claim 18 wherein the vertically extending sensor arm comprises a plurality of spaced apart magnetic field sensors.
20. The system of claim 13 wherein each module comprises at least one seismic sensor.
21. The system of claim 20 wherein the at least one seismic sensor comprises a triaxial geophone.
22. The system of claim 13 wherein each module comprises at least one magnetic field sensor and electrical circuitry for digitizing and communicating signals detected by the at least one pair of electrodes and the at least one magnetic field sensor.
23. The system of claim 13 wherein the antenna comprises at least one of a vertical electric dipole, a horizontal electric dipole, a horizontal current loop and a vertical current loop.
24. The system of claim 13 wherein the vessel tows at least one seismic energy source.
25. The system of claim 13 wherein the electric current is at least one of switched direct current and alternating current.
26. The system of claim 25 wherein the switched direct current comprises at least one of switching current on, switching current off, reversing current polarity, and combinations thereof.
27. The system of claim 13 wherein the means for recording comprises a data storage device disposed in a node at an end of the cable.
Other publications of interest in the technical field of electromagnetic surveying include Edwards, N., 2005, Marine controlled source electromagnetics: Principles, Methodologies, Future commercial applications: Surveys in Geophysics, No. 26, 675-700; Constable, S., 2006, Marine electromagnetic methods—A new tool for offshore exploration: The Leading Edge v. 25, No. 4, p. 438-444.; Christensen, N. B. and Dodds, K., 2007, 1D inversion and resolution analysis of marine CSEM data, Geophysics 72, WA27; Chen, J., Hoversten, G. M., Vasco, D., Rubin, Y., and Hou, Z., 2007, A Bayesian model for gas saturation estimation using marine seismic AVA and CSEM data, Geophysics 72, WA85; Constable, S. and Srnka, L. J., 2007, An introduction to marine controlled-source electromagnetic methods for hydrocarbon exploration, Geophysics 72, WA3; Evans, R. L., 2007, Using CSEM techniques to map the shallow section of seafloor: From the coastline to the edges of the continental slope, Geophysics 72, WA105; Darnet, M., Choo, M. C. K., Plessix, R. D., Rosenquist, M. L., Yip-Cheong, K., Sims, E., and Voon, J. W. K., 2007, Detecting hydrocarbon reservoirs from CSEM data in complex settings: Application to deepwater Sabah, Malaysia, Geophysics 72, WA97; Gribenko, A. and Zhdanov, M., 2007, Rigorous 3D inversion of marine CSEM data based on the integral equation method, Geophysics 72, WA73; Li, Y. and Key, K. 2007, 1D marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling: Part 1—An adaptive finite-element algorithm, Geophysics 72, WA51; Li, Y. and Constable, S., 2007, 2D marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling: Part 2—The effect of bathymetry, Geophysics 72, WA63; Scholl, C. and Edwards, R. N., 2007, Marine downhole to seafloor dipole-dipole electromagnetic methods and the resolution of resistive targets, Geophysics 72, WA39; Tompkins, M. J. and Srnka, L. J., 2007, Marine controlled-source electromagnetic methods—Introduction, Geophysics 72, WA1; Um, E. S. and Alumbaugh, D. L., 2007, On the physics of the marine controlled-source electromagnetic method, Geophysics 72, WA13; Dell'Aversana, P., 2007, Improving interpretation of CSEM in shallow water, The Leading Edge 26, 332; Hokstad, K., and Rosten, T., 2007, On the relationships between depth migration of controlled-source electromagnetic and seismic data, The Leading Edge 26, 342; Johansen, S. E., Wicklund, T. A. and Amundssen, H. E. F., 2007, Interpretation example of marine CSEM data, The Leading Edge 26, 348; and MacGregor, L., Barker, N., Overton, A., Moody, S., and Bodecott, D., 2007, Derisking exploration prospects using integrated seismic and electromagnetic data—a Falkland Islands case study, The Leading Edge 26, 356.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,603,313 B1 issued to Srnka discloses a method for surface estimation of reservoir properties, in which average earth resistivities above, below, and horizontally adjacent to specifically located subsurface geologic formations are first determined or estimated using geological and geophysical data in the vicinity of the subsurface geologic formation. Then dimensions and probing frequency for an electromagnetic source are determined to substantially maximize transmitted vertical and horizontal electric currents at the subsurface geologic formation, using the location and the average earth resistivities. Next, the electromagnetic source is activated at or near the sea floor, approximately centered above the subsurface geologic formation and a plurality of components of electromagnetic response is measured with a receiver array.
Geometrical and electrical parameter constraints are determined, using the geological and geophysical data. Finally, the electromagnetic response is processed using the geometrical and electrical parameter constraints to produce inverted vertical and horizontal resistivity depth images. Optionally, the inverted resistivity depth images may be combined with the geological and geophysical data to estimate the reservoir fluid and shaliness (fractional volume in the formation of clay-bearing rocks called “shale”) properties.
In the present example the source electrodes 16A, 16B and 16C, 16D, respectively on each antenna 17, 19, can be spaced apart about 50 meters, and can be energized by the power supply (not shown) such that about 1000 Amperes of current flows through the electrodes. This is an equivalent source moment to that generated in typical electromagnetic survey practice known in the art using a 100 meter long transmitter dipole, and using 500 Amperes current. In either case the source moment can be about 5×104 Ampere-meters. The source moment used in any particular implementation is not intended to limit the scope of this invention.
Because the dielectric displacement field is coupled by the electrical permittivity ∈ to the electric field E, the change with respect to time of the y-component of the electric field, Ey, field can be calculated if the spatial changes of the z-component of the magnetic field, Hz, with respect to position along the cable, x, and cable direction spatial change in magnetic field, Hx, with respect to vertical, z, are known. Thus, by measuring magnetic field gradient along selected directions using a cable system as shown herein, it is possible to determine a transverse component of the electric field.
Using a sensor cable as shown herein, it is also possible to perform electric field mapping in order to correct the MT response measurements for static shifts. See, for example, Sternberg, B. K., Washburne, J. C. and Pellerin, L., 1988, Correction for the static shift in magnetotellurics using transient electromagnetic soundings, Geophysics, Volume 53, Issue 11, pp. 1459-1468. Prior to having a cable as explained herein, the technique disclosed in the foregoing publication was only applicable for land-based surveys. Using a cable and method according to the invention, however, it is possible to correct the MT response for statics using the t-CSEM response measured by the same sensing elements in the sensor cable disposed on the sea floor. See also, Torres-Verdin, C , 1991, Continuous profiling of magnetotelluric fields, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, and Torres-Verdin, C. and Bostick Jr, F. X., 1992, Principles of spatial surface electric field filtering in magnetotellurics: Electromagnetic array profiling (EMAP), Geophysics, Volume 57, Issue 4, pp. 603-622. As explained in one or more of the foregoing publications, the MT response may be subject to vertical shifting in the log domain. Such shifting is caused by relatively conductive or resistive “patches” of formation close to the water bottom. The t-CSEM response is substantially unaffected by such patches, however, and may be used to calibrate the MT response for the effects of such patches.
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L., 2007, On the physics of the marine controlled-source electromagnetic method, Geophysics 72, WA13.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS20090195251 *Nov 3, 2008Aug 6, 2009Darnet MathieuApparatus, system and method for receiving a vertical component of a signal and for determining a resistivity of a region below a geologic surface for hydrocarbon explorationUS20120119743 *Jun 17, 2010May 17, 2012Johannes Maria SingerMulti-mode electromagnetic surveyingDE102011120920A1Dec 9, 2011Jun 13, 2013Benjamin BochmannVerarbeitungseinrichtung für Messdaten geophysikalischer Untersuchungsmethoden, Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von Messdaten geophysikalicher Untersuchungsmethoden und geophysikalisches Erkundungssystem* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification324/365, 324/347International ClassificationG01V3/18, G01V3/02Cooperative ClassificationG01V3/12, G01V3/083European ClassificationG01V3/12, G01V3/08FLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 4, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: KJT ENTERPRISES, INC., TEXASFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:STRACK, KURT M.;HELWIG, STEFAN L;REEL/FRAME:019375/0825Effective date: 20070604Jul 3, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services