Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title10-chapter1205&saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUxMC1zZWN0aW9uMTIyMTQ%3D%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2020-02-23 15:13:15
Document Index: 645439602

Matched Legal Cases: ['§507', '§1501', '§591', '§1', '§4', '§1', '§511', '§718', '§12201', '§1631', '§1501', '§501', '§515', '§217', '§4', '§1501', '§1662', '§523', '§203', '§524', '§515', '§524', '§718', '§12202', '§1', '§592', '§12202', '§1662', '§102', '§211', '§593', '§1', '§601', '§501', '§12203', '§1632', '§1501', '§501', '§1075', '§218', '§1632', '§1662', '§41', '§12204', '§594', '§1234', '§12204', '§1662', '§1057', '§217', '§12205', '§515', '§596', '§12205', '§519', '§1662', '§504', '§1074', '§512', '§515', '§523', '§203', '§1074', '§505', '§504', '§1662', '§519', '§520', '§520', '§519', '§512', '§516', '§12206', '§596', '§12206', '§1633', '§1662', '§12207', '§596', '§12207', '§1634', '§515', '§512', '§512', '§502', '§1629', '§1501', '§502', '§502', '§502', '§512', '§512', '§512', '§512', '§512', '§512', '§1662', '§12208', '§595', '§511', '§12208', '§1662', '§1081', '§209', '§12209', '§600', '§12209', '§1662', '§1501', '§215', '§12210', '§508', '§600', '§12210', '§1662', '§1501', '§507', '§508', '§3351', '§12211', '§1662', '§1501', '§703', '§8351', '§12212', '§1662', '§1501', '§3352', '§1', '§1', '§1234', '§12213', '§1636', '§1501', '§706', '§322', '§1501', '§1662', '§1501', '§8352', '§126', '§1234', '§12214', '§1662', '§1501', '§1662', '§12215', '§1662', '§1629']

[USC02] 10 USC Ch. 1205: APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS
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10 USC Ch. 1205: APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS
CHAPTER 1205—APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS
2006—Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, §507(a)(2)(C), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2180, struck out "while so serving" after "reserve grade" in item 12210.
1996—Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(b)(11)(B), (13)(B), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496, substituted "Reserve officers: qualifications" for "Qualifications" in item 12201 and inserted "the" after "National Guard of" in items 12211, 12212, 12213, and 12214.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Secretary concerned shall prescribe physical, mental, moral, professional, and age qualifications for the appointment of persons as Reserves of the armed forces under his jurisdiction. However, no person may be appointed as a Reserve unless he is at least 18 years of age and—
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 24, §591; Pub. L. 85–861, §1(10)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1440; Pub. L. 88–236, Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 474; Pub. L. 89–718, §4, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 90–130, §1(3), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 374; Pub. L. 96–513, title V §511(16), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2921; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VII, §718(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1115; renumbered §12201 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1631(b), 1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2964, 2990; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(a)(5)(B), (b)(11)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 495, 496; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §501(c)(3), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1874; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, §515, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4213.)
July 9, 1952, ch. 608, §§217 (less (c), and less applicability to enlistments), 222, 232 (less applicability to enlistments), 66 Stat. 486, 487, 489.
591(c) 50:941(b). July 30, 1956, ch. 789, §4(a), 70 Stat. 729.
2011—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–383 substituted "If an officer is transferred from the active-duty list of an armed force to a reserve active-status list of an armed force in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the officer" for "An officer transferred from the active-duty list of an armed force to a reserve active-status list of an armed force under section 647 of this title".
2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–375 designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted ", except as provided in paragraph (2)," after "the armed force concerned and", and added par. (2).
1996—Pub. L. 104–106, §1501(b)(11), substituted "Reserve officers: qualifications for appointment" for "Reserve components: qualifications" as section catchline.
1994—Pub. L. 103–337, §1662(c)(2), renumbered section 591 of this title as this section.
1987—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–180 added subsec. (e).
1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–513 substituted "the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.)" for "chapter 12 of title 8", and struck out reference to section 454(i)(7) of title 50, appendix.
1967—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–130 struck out provision limiting areas of service of women in Army National Guard of the United States and Air National Guard of the United States to service as nurses or medical specialists.
1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–718 substituted "3331" for "16".
1963—Subsec. (b) (1). Pub. L. 88–236 substituted "he is a citizen of the United States or has been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence under chapter 12 of title 8" for "he is, or has made a declaration of intention to become, a citizen of the United States or of a possession thereof".
1958—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 85–861 permitted appointment of women as Reserves of armed forces with a view to serving as nurses or medical specialists in Army National Guard of the United States or Air National Guard of the United States.
Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title V, §523, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1363, provided that after Sept. 30, 1995, no person could be appointed to a grade above grade of first lieutenant in Army Reserve, Air Force Reserve, or Marine Corps Reserve or to a grade above grade of lieutenant (junior grade) in Naval Reserve, or be federally recognized in a grade above grade of first lieutenant as a member of Army National Guard or Air National Guard, unless that person had been awarded a baccalaureate degree by an accredited educational institution, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–35, title II, §203(a), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 102. See section 12205 of this title.
Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title V, §524, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1363, as amended by Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §515(h), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3237, provided that: "In making appointments of persons as second lieutenants in the Army Reserve, Air Force Reserve, or Marine Corps Reserve or to the grade of ensign in the Navy Reserve, or in granting federal recognition in the grade of second lieutenant to members of the Army National Guard or Air National Guard, the Secretary of the military department concerned shall give preference to persons who have completed a post-secondary program of education pursued under a ROTC scholarship program at a college or university accredited to award baccalaureate degrees or pursued under a ROTC scholarship program at an accredited two-year or four-year military college."
Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, §524, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1562, directed Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress a report on advantages, disadvantages, and desirability of initially appointing all persons commissioned as officers in the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps as Reserve officers, and the appropriate active duty service obligation for graduates of the service academies, directed Secretary to submit report not later than 60 days after Nov. 5, 1990, and provided that if the report was not submitted by that date, all persons initially appointed as commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps after that date would be appointed as commissioned officers in a Reserve component of the Armed Forces, and all persons entering the service academies after that date would incur an obligation to serve on active duty for a period of five years.
Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VII, §718(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1115, provided that: "The Secretary concerned shall prescribe regulations implementing subsection (e) of section 591 [now 12201(d)] of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 1987]."
§12202. Commissioned officer grades
Except for commissioned warrant officers, the reserve commissioned officer grades in each armed force are those authorized for regular commissioned officers of that armed force.
(Added Pub. L. 85–861, §1(10)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1440, §592; renumbered §12202, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990.)
592 50:1181(1) (as applicable to 50:1201).
50:1201.
Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1257, §§102(1) (as applicable to §211), 211, 68 Stat. 1149, 1153.
The words "including those heretofore or hereafter transferred to the Retired Reserve", "permanent", and "pursuant to the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, as amended" are omitted as surplusage. The rule as to the Coast Guard is consolidated with the rule applicable to the other armed forces, since 14:754 prescribes the same substantive result as that prescribed by 50:1201 for the other armed forces.
1994—Pub. L. 103–337 renumbered section 592 of this title as this section.
(b) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the President, the Secretary concerned may appoint as a reserve commissioned officer any regular officer transferred from the active-duty list of an armed force to the reserve active-status list of a reserve component under section 647 of this title, notwithstanding the requirements of subsection (a).
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 25, §593; Pub. L. 85–861, §1(10)(C), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1440; Pub. L. 92–129, title VI, §601, Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 361; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §501(7), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2907; renumbered §12203 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1632, 1662(c)(2), 1675(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2965, 2990, 3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(a)(6), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §501(c)(4), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1874; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(b)(54), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4372.)
July 9, 1952, ch. 608, §§218, 219, 221, 224 (less 3d and 4th sentences, as applicable to commissioned officers), 66 Stat. 487.
2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–383 substituted "of" for "above" in first sentence.
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–106 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 103–337, §1632. See 1994 Amendment note below.
1994—Pub. L. 103–337, §1662(c)(2), renumbered section 593 of this title as this section.
1971—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–129 substituted "below lieutenant colonel and commander" for "below general officer and flag officer", "in commissioned grades above major and lieutenant commander" for "as general and flag officers", and "section 3352 or 8352 of this title" for "section 3352 of this title".
1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–861 inserted ", except as provided in section 3352 of this title" after "consent of the Senate".
Act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §41, 70A Stat. 636, provided that: "Each person who was a reserve officer on July 9, 1952, and who did not hold an appointment for an indefinite term on that date, shall be given an appointment for an indefinite term in place of the appointment he then held, if after written notification by competent authority before July 2, 1953, the officer agrees in writing to have that appointment continued for an indefinite term. In the event such officer does not agree in writing, the term of his current appointment shall not be changed by this section."
§12204. Commissioned officers: original appointment; limitation
(a) No person may be appointed as a Reserve in a commissioned grade above major or lieutenant commander, unless—
(1) he was formerly a commissioned officer of an armed force; or
(2) such an appointment is recommended by a board of officers convened by the Secretary concerned.
(b) This section does not apply to adjutants general and assistant adjutants general of the several States, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia.
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 25, §594; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, §1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; renumbered §12204, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, §1057(a)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.)
594(a) 50:941(c) (less 1st 21 words). July 9, 1952, ch. 608 §217(c), 66 Stat. 487.
594(b) 50:941(c) (1st 21 words).
In subsection (a), the words "unless * * * he was formerly" are substituted for the words "has not held an appointment as". The words "or any component thereof" are omitted as surplusage.
2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–163 struck out "and Territories" after "States".
1994—Pub. L. 103–337 renumbered section 594 of this title as this section.
§12205. Commissioned officers: appointment; educational requirement
(a) In General.—No person may be appointed to a grade above the grade of first lieutenant in the Army Reserve, Air Force Reserve, or Marine Corps Reserve or to a grade above the grade of lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy Reserve, or be federally recognized in a grade above the grade of first lieutenant as a member of the Army National Guard or Air National Guard, unless that person has been awarded a baccalaureate degree by a qualifying educational institution.
(1) The appointment to or recognition in a higher grade of a person who is appointed in or assigned for service in a health profession for which a baccalaureate degree is not a condition of original appointment or assignment.
(2) The appointment in the Navy Reserve or Marine Corps Reserve of a person appointed for service as an officer designated as a limited duty officer.
(3) The appointment in the Navy Reserve of a person appointed for service under the Naval Aviation Cadet (NAVCAD) program or the Seaman to Admiral program.
(4) The appointment to or recognition in a higher grade of any person who was appointed to, or federally recognized in, the grade of captain or, in the case of the Navy, lieutenant before October 1, 1995.
(5) Recognition in the grade of captain or major in the Alaska Army National Guard of a person who resides permanently at a location in Alaska that is more than 50 miles from each of the cities of Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau, Alaska, by paved road and who is serving in a Scout unit or a Scout supporting unit.
(c) Qualifying Educational Institutions.—(1) A qualifying educational institution for purposes of this section is an educational institution that is accredited or that meets the requirements of paragraph (2).
(2)(A) An unaccredited educational institution shall be considered to be a qualifying educational institution for purposes of the appointment or recognition of a person who is a graduate of that institution if the Secretary concerned determines that (as of the year of the graduation of that person from that institution) at least three educational institutions that are accredited and that maintain Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs each generally grant baccalaureate degree credit for completion of courses of the unaccredited institution equivalent to the baccalaureate degree credit granted by the unaccredited institution for the completion of those courses.
(B) In order to assist the Secretary concerned in making determinations under subparagraph (A), any unaccredited institution that seeks to be considered to be a qualifying educational institution for purposes of this paragraph shall submit to the Secretary of Defense each year such information as the Secretary may require concerning the program of instruction at that institution.
(C) In the case of a person with a degree from an unaccredited institution that is a qualifying educational institution under this paragraph, the degree may not have been awarded more than eight years before the date on which the person is to be appointed to, or recognized in, the grade of captain or, in the case of the Navy Reserve, lieutenant, in order for that person to be considered for purposes of subsection (a) to have been awarded a baccalaureate degree by a qualifying educational institution.
(d) Waiver Authority for Army OCS Graduates and Certain Marine Corps Officers.—(1) The Secretary of the Army may waive the applicability of subsection (a) to any officer whose original appointment in the Army as a Reserve officer is through the Army Officer Candidate School program.
(2) The Secretary of the Navy may waive the applicability of subsection (a) to any officer whose original appointment in the Marine Corps as a Reserve officer is through the Marine Corps meritorious commissioning program.
(3) Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the individual circumstances of the officer involved, and may continue in effect for no more than two years after the waiver is granted. The Secretary concerned may provide for such a waiver to be effective before the date of the waiver, as appropriate in an individual case.
(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, §515(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2406, §596; renumbered §12205 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, §§519, 520, title XVI, §1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2755, 2990; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, §§504, 505, title X, §1074(a)(22), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2512, 2660; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, §512(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1092; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §515(b)(1)(KK), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234.)
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title V, §523, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1363, which was set out as a note under section 591 [now 12201] of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–35, §203(a).
2006—Subsecs. (a), (b)(2), (3), (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–163 substituted "Navy Reserve" for "Naval Reserve".
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201, §1074(a)(22), substituted "No person" for "After September 30, 1995, no person".
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 104–201, §505, inserted "or the Seaman to Admiral program" after "(NAVCAD) program".
Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 104–201, §504, substituted "eight years" for "three years".
1994—Pub. L. 103–337, §1662(c)(2), renumbered section 596 of this title as this section.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–337, §519(1), substituted "a qualifying educational institution" for "an accredited educational institution".
Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 103–337, §520(b), substituted "a person" for "an individual".
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–337, §520(a), added par. (5).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–337, §519(2), added subsec. (c).
Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, §512(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1092, provided that: "Subsection (d) of section 12205 of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall apply with respect to officers appointed before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 28, 2001]."
Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, §516, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2008, provided that:
"(a) Waiver Authority for Army OCS Graduates.—The Secretary of the Army may waive the applicability of section 12205(a) of title 10, United States Code, to any officer who before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1998] was commissioned through the Army Officer Candidate School. Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the individual circumstances of the officer involved, and may continue in effect for no more than 2 years after the waiver is granted. The Secretary may provide for such a waiver to be effective before the date of the waiver, as appropriate in an individual case.
"(b) Expiration of Authority.—A waiver under this section may not be granted after September 30, 2000."
§12206. Commissioned officers: appointment of former commissioned officers
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a person who is a former commissioned officer may, if otherwise qualified, be appointed as a reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps. A person so appointed—
(1) may be placed on the reserve active-status list of that armed force in the grade equivalent to the permanent regular or reserve grade, and in the same competitive category, in which the person previously served satisfactorily on active duty or in an active status; and
(2) may be credited for the purpose of determining date of rank under section 741(d) of this title with service in grade equal to that held by that person when discharged or separated.
(Added §596a and renumbered §12206, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1633, 1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2965, 2990.)
1994—Pub. L. 103–337, §1662(c)(2), renumbered section 596a of this title as this section.
§12207. Commissioned officers: service credit upon original appointment
(a)(1) For the purpose of determining the grade and the rank within grade of a person receiving an original appointment as a reserve commissioned officer (other than a commissioned warrant officer) in the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, the person shall be credited at the time of the appointment with any commissioned service (other than service as a commissioned warrant officer) performed before such appointment as a regular officer, or as a reserve officer in an active status, in any armed force, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the Public Health Service.
(2) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations, which shall apply uniformly among the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, to authorize the Secretary of the military department concerned to limit the amount of prior commissioned service with which a person receiving an original appointment may be credited under paragraph (1), or to deny any such credit, in the case of a person who at the time of such appointment is credited with constructive service under subsection (b) or (e).
(b)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a person who is receiving an original appointment as a reserve commissioned officer (other than a commissioned warrant officer) of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or a designation in, or an assignment to, an officer category in which advanced education or training is required and who has advanced education or training, shall be credited with constructive service for such education, training, or experience, as follows:
(A) One year for each year of advanced education beyond the baccalaureate degree level, for persons appointed or designated in, or assigned to, officer categories requiring such advanced education or an advanced degree as a prerequisite for such appointment, designation, or assignment. In determining the number of years of constructive service to be credited under this subparagraph to officers in any professional field, the Secretary concerned shall credit an officer with, but with not more than, the number of years of advanced education required by a majority of institutions that award degrees in that professional field for completion of the advanced education or award of the advanced degree.
(B)(i) Credit for any period of advanced education in a health profession (other than medicine and dentistry) beyond the baccalaureate degree level which exceeds the basic education criteria for such appointment, designation, or assignment, if such advanced education will be directly used by the armed force concerned.
(ii) Credit for experience in a health profession (other than medicine or dentistry), if such experience will be directly used by the armed force concerned.
(C) Additional credit of (i) not more than one year for internship or equivalent graduate medical, dental, or other formal health professional training required by the armed forces, and (ii) not more than one year for each additional year of such graduate-level training or experience creditable toward certification in a speciality required by the armed force concerned.
(D) Additional credit for special training or experience in a particular officer career field as designated by the Secretary concerned, if such training or experience is directly related to the operational needs of the armed force concerned.
(E) Additional credit for experience as a physician or dentist, if appointed, assigned, or designated as a medical or dental officer.
(2)(A) If the Secretary of Defense determines that the number of officers in a health profession described in subparagraph (B) who are serving in an active status in a reserve component of the Army, Navy, or Air Force in grades below major or lieutenant commander is critically below the number needed in such health profession by such reserve component in such grades, the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of the military department concerned to credit any person who is receiving an original appointment as an officer for service in such health profession with a period of constructive credit in such amount (in addition to any amount credited such person under paragraph (1)) as will result in the grade of such person being that of captain or, in the case of the Navy Reserve, lieutenant.
(i) Any health profession performed by officers in the Medical Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air Force designated as a medical officer.
(ii) Any health profession performed by officers in the Dental Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air Force designated as a dental officer.
(iii) Any health profession performed by officers in the Medical Service Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air Force designated as a medical service officer or biomedical sciences officer.
(iv) Any health profession performed by officers in the Army Medical Specialist Corps.
(v) Any health profession performed by officers of the Nurse Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air Force designated as a nurse.
(vi) Any health profession performed by officers in the Veterinary Corps of the Army or by officers designated as a veterinary officer.
(3) The amount of constructive service credit credited to an officer under this subsection may not exceed the amount required in order for the officer to be eligible for an original appointment as a reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of colonel or as a reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of captain.
(4) Constructive service credited an officer under this subsection is in addition to any service credited that officer under subsection (a) and shall be credited at the time of the original appointment of the officer or assignment to or designation in an officer category in which advanced education or training or special experience is required.
(c) Constructive service may not be credited under subsection (b) for education, training, or experience obtained while serving as a commissioned officer (other than a warrant officer) on active duty or in an active status. However, in the case of an officer who completes advanced education or receives an advanced degree while on active duty or in an active status and in less than the number of years normally required to complete such advanced education or receive such advanced degree, constructive service may, subject to regulations prescribed under subsection (a)(2), be credited to the officer under subsection (b)(1)(A) to the extent that the number of years normally required to complete such advanced education or receive such advanced degree exceeds the actual number of years in which such advanced education or degree is obtained by the officer.
(d) If the Secretary of Defense determines that the number of qualified judge advocates serving on the active-duty list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps in grades below lieutenant commander or major is critically below the number needed by that armed force in those grades, the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of the military department concerned to credit any person who is receiving an original appointment with a view to assignment to the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the Army or appointment to the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the Navy, or who is receiving an original appointment in the Air Force or Marine Corps with a view to designation as a judge advocate, with a period of constructive service in such an amount (in addition to any amount credited such person under subsection (b)) as will result in the grade of such person being that of captain or, in the case of the Navy, lieutenant, and the date of rank of such person being junior to that of all other officers of the same grade serving on the active-duty list.
(e) Constructive service credited an officer under subsection (b) or (d) shall be used only for determining the officer's—
(1) initial grade as a reserve officer;
(2) rank in grade; and
(3) service in grade for promotion eligibility.
(f) The grade and position on the reserve active-status list of a person receiving an appointment as a reserve officer who at the time of appointment is credited with service under this section shall be determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense based upon the amount of service credited.
(Added §596b and renumbered §12207, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1634, 1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2965, 2990; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §515(b)(1)(LL), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3234; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §512, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 98; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title V, §512(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1376; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title V, §502(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1739.)
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in sections 3353, 5600, and 8353 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, §1629(a)(1), (c)(1) and Pub. L. 104–106, §1501(c)(26).
2018—Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 115–232, §502(b)(1)(A), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: "Additional credit, in unusual cases, based on special experience in a particular field."
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–232, §502(b)(1)(B), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "Except as authorized by the Secretary concerned in individual cases and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of officers covered by paragraph (2), the amount of constructive service credited an officer under this subsection may not exceed the amount required in order for the officer to be eligible for an original appointment as a reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of major or as a reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of lieutenant commander."
Subsecs. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 115–232, §502(b)(2), redesignated subsecs. (f) and (g) as (e) and (f), respectively, substituted "or (d)" for ", (d), or (e)" in introductory provisions of subsec. (e), and struck out former subsec. (e) which related to constructive service credited to commissioned officers with cyberspace-related experience or advanced education in reserve active-status.
2017—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–91, §512(a)(1), inserted "or (e)" after "subsection (b)".
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–91, §512(a)(3), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–91, §512(a)(2), (4), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and substituted ", (d), or (e)" for "or (d)". Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–91, §512(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g).
2008—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–181, §512(a), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "If the Secretary of Defense determines that the number of medical or dental officers serving in an active status in a reserve component of the Army, Navy, or Air Force in grades below major or lieutenant commander is critically below the number needed by such reserve component in such grades, the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of the military department concerned to credit any person who is receiving an original appointment for service as a medical or dental officer with a period of constructive credit in such amount (in addition to any amount credited such person under subsection (b)) as will result in the grade of such person being that of captain or, in the case of the Navy Reserve, lieutenant."
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 110–181, §512(b), substituted "officers covered by paragraph (2)" for "a medical or dental officer".
2006—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–163 substituted "Navy Reserve" for "Naval Reserve".
1994—Pub. L. 103–337, §1662(c)(2), renumbered section 596b of this title as this section.
§12208. Officers: appointment upon transfer
(a) A person who would otherwise be required to be transferred to a reserve component under section 651 of this title or under the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.), is entitled, if he is qualified and accepted, to be appointed as an officer of any armed force that he chooses and to participate in the programs authorized for that armed force. However, unless the two Secretaries concerned consent, he may not be appointed as a Reserve of an armed force other than that from which he is transferred. All periods of his participation shall be credited against the total period of service required of him under section 651 of this title or under the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.). However, no period may be credited more than once.
(b) A person covered by subsection (a) shall perform the rest of his required term of service in the armed force in which he is so appointed or in any other armed force in which he is later appointed or enlisted.
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 25, §595; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(17), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2921; renumbered §12208, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title X, §1081(b)(1)(A)(ix), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2418.)
595(a)
595(b)
50:929(a) (less 2d sentence, less applicability to enlistments).
50:929(a) (2d sentence, and less applicability to enlistments).
July 9, 1952, ch. 608, §209 (less applicability to enlistments), 66 Stat. 484.
In subsection (a), the words "is entitled * * * to be appointed as an officer of any armed force that he chooses" are substituted for the words "shall be permitted to * * * accept an appointment in such armed force of the United States as he may elect". The last sentence is substituted for 50:929(a) (words within parentheses). The words "of an armed force of the United States" are omitted as surplusage.
1994—Pub. L. 103–337 renumbered section 595 of this title as this section.
§12209. Officer candidates: enlisted Reserves
(c) While he is on active duty, other than active duty for training without pay, or performing authorized travel to and from that duty, an officer candidate designated under this section is entitled to the pay and allowances of his enlisted grade, but not less than those prescribed for pay grade E–2.
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 26, §600; renumbered §12209, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(b)(12)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.)
July 9, 1952, ch. 608, §§215(a), 230, 242, 66 Stat. 486, 489, 492.
In subsection (a), the words "who is not in active Federal service" are substituted for the words "when not in the active military service of the United States". The word "during" is substituted for the words "for the period of".
In subsection (c), the words "active duty other than active duty for training without pay" are substituted for the words "active duty or active duty for training with pay". The words "enlisted members of the reserve components designated as", "enlisted", and "under the Career Compensation Act of 1949, as amended" are omitted as surplusage.
1996—Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "candidates: enlisted Reserves" for "candidates" in section catchline.
§12210. Attending Physician to the Congress: reserve grade
(Added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, §508(d)(1)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3867, §600a; renumbered §12210, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(b)(12)(B), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, §507(a)(2)(A), (B), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2180.)
2006—Pub. L. 109–364 struck out "while so serving" after "reserve grade" in section catchline and substituted "holds the reserve grade of major general or rear admiral, as appropriate" for "who holds a reserve grade lower than major general or rear admiral shall hold the reserve grade of major general or rear admiral, as appropriate, if appointed to that grade by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" in text.
1996—Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "Congress: reserve grade while so serving" for "Congress" in section catchline.
Pub. L. 99–661, div. A. title V, §508(f), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3868, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending sections 1374, 4335, 5149, and 9335 of this title] shall apply only with respect to appointments or details made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 14, 1986]."
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 193, §3351; renumbered §12211, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(b)(13)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.)
July 9, 1952, ch. 608, §§703 (less (a)), 704 (2d sentence), 705(a) (last 39 words), 713 (less (a)), 66 Stat. 502–504.
1996—Pub. L. 104–106 inserted "the" after "National Guard of" in section catchline.
1994—Pub. L. 103–337 renumbered section 3351 of this title as this section.
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 519, §8351; renumbered §12212, Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(c)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(b)(13)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.)
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 194, §3352; Pub. L. 85–861, §1(80)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1468; Pub. L. 86–559, §1(7), June 30, 1960, 74 Stat. 265; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, §1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; renumbered §12213 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1636(a), 1662(c)(3), 1675(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2968, 2990, 3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(b)(13)(A), (14), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.)
July 9, 1952, ch. 608, §§706 (less last 15 words of 1st sentence, and less applicability to enlistments), 707 (less applicability to enlistments), 66 Stat. 503.
3352(a) 50:1254. Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1257, §322, 68 Stat. 1161.
1996—Pub. L. 104–106, §1501(b)(13)(A), inserted "the" after "National Guard of" in section catchline.
1994—Pub. L. 103–337, §1662(c)(3), renumbered section 3352 of this title as this section.
1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–456 struck out "the Canal Zone," after "Puerto Rico,".
1960—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–559 authorized officers transferred under this section to be advanced to the highest temporary grade ever held in the Army.
1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–861 substituted "Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or section 593 of this title, an officer who is transferred under this section shall be advanced to the highest regular or reserve grade ever held by him in the Army, unless the Secretary determines that it is not in the best interests of the service" for "Upon transfer, he is eligible for promotion to the highest regular or reserve grade ever held by him in the Army, if his service has been honorable".
Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(f)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 501, provided that: "Section 1636 of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act [Pub. L. 103–337, amending this section and repealing sections 8356 and 8379 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 10, 1996]."
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 520, §8352; Pub. L. 87–651, title I, §126, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 514; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, §1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; renumbered §12214 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1662(c)(3), 1675(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990, 3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(b)(13)(A), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 496.)
1994—Pub. L. 103–337, §1662(c)(3), renumbered section 8352 of this title as this section.
1962—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–651 struck out sentence which provided that upon transfer, an officer is eligible for promotion to the highest regular or reserve grade ever held by him in the Air Force, if his service has been honorable.
§12215. Commissioned officers: reserve grade of adjutants general and assistant adjutants general
(a) The adjutant general or an assistant adjutant general of the Army National Guard of a State may, upon being extended Federal recognition, be appointed as a reserve officer of the Army as of the date on which he is so recognized.
(b) The adjutant general or an assistant adjutant general of the Air National Guard of a State may be appointed in the reserve commissioned grade in which Federal recognition in the Air National Guard is extended to him.
(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990.)
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in sections 3392 and 8392 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, §1629(a)(1), (c)(1).