Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104271676B/en
Timestamp: 2018-09-18 23:56:20
Document Index: 233353223

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2853', 'art 2853', 'art 2853', 'art 2853', 'art 2853', 'art 2853']

CN104271676B - Platelet-shaped effect pigments comprising copper coatings, their preparation and their use - Google Patents
Platelet-shaped effect pigments comprising copper coatings, their preparation and their use Download PDF
CN104271676B
CN104271676B CN 201380023334 CN201380023334A CN104271676B CN 104271676 B CN104271676 B CN 104271676B CN 201380023334 CN201380023334 CN 201380023334 CN 201380023334 A CN201380023334 A CN 201380023334A CN 104271676 B CN104271676 B CN 104271676B
CN 201380023334
CN104271676A (en )
M·格吕纳
G·考普
T·福伊特
D·舒马赫
A·吉普
本发明涉及包含片形非金属基质和至少一层含铜涂层的效果颜料，其中效果颜料的平均粒度D50为大于5μm，且效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为3‑70重量％。 The present invention relates to the total weight of platelet-shaped effect pigments comprising a non-metallic matrix and at least one layer of copper-containing coating, wherein the average particle size D50 of effect pigments is more than 5 m, and the copper content of the pigment with respect to the effect of effect pigments is 3-70 wt. %. 此外，本发明涉及制备后者的方法和效果颜料在抗污涂料中的用途。 Further, the present invention relates to the preparation of effect pigments and the latter method in antifouling coatings.
包含含铜涂层的片形效果颜料，其制备方法及其用途 Platelet-shaped effect pigments comprising copper coatings, their preparation and their use
[0001] 本发明涉及包含片形非金属基质和含铜涂层的效果颜料，其制备方法，和该效果颜料在抗污涂料中的用途。 [0001] The present invention relates to a sheet-shaped non-metallic substrates comprising copper and a coating effect pigments, their preparation, and use of the effect pigments in antifouling coatings. 此外，本发明涉及包含该效果颜料的抗污涂料。 Further, the present invention relates to effect pigments comprising the antifouling coating.
[0002] 水下涂层主要由防水涂层(腐蚀保护、渗透保护、针对机械损害的保护)和抑污涂层作为油漆涂饰剂组成。 [0002] Underwater coating mainly composed of water-repellent coating (corrosion protection, penetration protection, protection against mechanical damage), and inhibiting fouling coating composition as a paint finishes. 该抑污涂层通过连续地洗出杀生物剂而防止污损有机体如藻类、 真菌、蜗牛、贻贝和其它微生物(所谓的污垢)附着于例如船身上。 The inhibiting fouling coating by successively washing the biocide to prevent fouling organisms such as algae, fungi, snails, mussels and other microorganisms (so-called soil) is attached to the body such as a ship. 污损有机体提高摩擦阻力和船的重量。 Fouling organisms friction and increase the weight of the ship. 它们因此贡献于提高的燃料消耗以及由此提高的操作成本。 They therefore contribute to increased fuel consumption and thus operating costs increased. 杀生物剂仅在它们从油漆释放到海水中（"浸析"）时起作用。 Biocides only play a role in their release from the paint into the sea ( "leaching") when. 如果情况不是这样，则它们不会被有机体吸收并且不能使用它们的杀生物作用。 If this is not the case, then they will not be absorbed and the organism can not use their biocidal effect. 油漆中杀生物剂的结合因此必须显示出杀生物剂洗出太快与释放到海水中太轻微之间的折中。 Binding paint biocide must exhibit biocides too quickly washed out and compromise between too little and released into the seawater. 换言之，必须使成本密集的油漆更新最小化，同时保持针对污垢的保护。 In other words, it is necessary to update the cost-intensive paint minimized while maintaining protection against dirt. 目前主要使用的一些含杀生物剂防污体系在过去导致海洋环境的世界范围内的损害，因此国际上禁止特定杀生物剂如二氯联苯三氯乙烷(DDT)、有机锡、砷和汞化合物。 Some biocide-containing antifouling systems used in the past mainly cause damage to the marine environment around the world, so the international prohibition particular biocides such as dichloro-biphenyl-trichloroethane (of DDT), organic tin, arsenic, and mercury compounds. 作为对含杀生物剂防污体系的环境问题的响应，出售了主要基于硅氧烷的无杀生物剂非粘性涂料。 In response to environmental issues containing biocide in antifouling systems, sold primarily silicone-based biocide-free non-stick coating. 作为实例，此处指出所谓的鲨鱼皮，其由具有不规则，但规则重复的拓扑学的纳米结构硅氧烷组成。 As an example, a so-called shark skin be noted here that having irregular, but regularly repeated topology nanostructures siloxanes. 然而，基于鲨鱼皮的产物的有利主张仅是有条件地正确的，因为鲨鱼皮覆盖有特殊的鳞，其通过鲨鱼的不断移动而彼此清洁，且污垢不仅由于粗糙度而排斥。 Advantageously, however, the product is claimed on sharkskin is only conditionally correct, since the shark skin is covered with a special scale, which is constantly cleaned by moving another shark, and not only due to the roughness dirt exclusion. 因此迄今仍不能确定类似地防止所有污损有机体沉降的理想表面结构(BTffatermann,D.Daehne,C.Fiirle,Einsatz von Nanomaterialien als Alternative zu biozidhaltigen Ant ifouling-Anstrichen und deren Umweltauswirkungen, Umweltbundesamt Texte 40/2010，UBA-FB No. :001301,发行参考号：36301174,第14，19， 23，24页（下文中称为"Umwel tbundesamt"）； R · KMtSCher，J · Ranke,M.Bergenthal, J.ffarrelmann,Vorstudie zum Bewuchsschutz fiir Seeschiffe，1999年1 月，第2部分第5 页，（下文中称为"Vorstudie")）。 Thus so far can not be determined similarly prevented all over the surface structure of fouling organisms settled (BTffatermann, D.Daehne, C.Fiirle, Einsatz von Nanomaterialien als Alternative zu biozidhaltigen Ant ifouling-Anstrichen und deren Umweltauswirkungen, Umweltbundesamt Texte 40/2010, UBA -FB No.: 001301, issue Ref: 36301174, the first 14, 19, 23, 24 pages (hereinafter referred to as "Umwel tbundesamt"); R · KMtSCher, J · Ranke, M.Bergenthal, J.ffarrelmann, Vorstudie zum Bewuchsschutz fiir Seeschiffe, January 1999, part 2, page 5, (hereinafter referred to as "Vorstudie")).
[0003] 抗微生物组合物和包含这些抗微生物组合物的聚合物由EP 0 677 989 B1中已知。 [0003] The antimicrobial compositions comprising these polymers and the antimicrobial compositions are known from the EP 0 677 989 B1. 抗微生物组合物包含具有由具有抗微生物性能的金属或金属化合物构成的主要表面涂层且被第二保护层覆盖的无机颗粒。 Antimicrobial composition comprising a major surface having a coating made of a metal or metal compound having antimicrobial properties and the inorganic particles covered by the second protective layer. 该主要涂层具有相对于基质0.05-20重量％的重量比例。 The primary coating has a weight ratio of 0.05 to 20 wt% with respect to the matrix. 第二保护层用于影响抗微生物组分向周围聚合物基体中的释放。 A second protective layer for release of the antimicrobial component into the surrounding polymer matrix.
[0004] 包含涂有金属的无机颗粒的抗微生物或导电组合物描述于EP 0 427 858 A1中。 [0004] A metal-coated inorganic particles or conductive antimicrobial compositions described in EP 0 427 858 A1. 如果颗粒待具有抗微生物效果，涂层的比例相对于颗粒的总重量为0.1-20重量％。 If the particles to be antimicrobial effect, the proportion of the coating relative to the total weight of the particles 0.1 to 20 wt%. 如果颗粒待为导电的，则涂层的含量相对于无机颗粒为至少25重量％。 If the particles to be electrically conductive, the content of the coating with respect to the inorganic particles of at least 25 wt%. 颗粒的平均粒度为0.1-5μ m。 The average size of the particles is 0.1-5μ m. 以这种小粒度，仅确保了不足的屏障效应。 In this small size, only to ensure that the lack of a barrier effect. 此外，这些颗粒的比表面积，即每单位重量的表面积不利地是非常大的，因此产生抗微生物组分的高释放速率。 In addition, the specific surface area of ​​these particles, i.e. the surface area per unit weight is disadvantageously very large, thus creating a high rate of release of the antimicrobial component.
[0005] 包含无机颜料和氧化银的混合物作为抗微生物组分的抗微生物颜料由W0 2004/ 092283 A2已知。 [0005] The mixture comprising the inorganic pigment and silver oxide as the antimicrobial component of the antimicrobial pigment represented by W0 2004/092283 A2 art. 氧化银可由其它抗微生物化合物取代。 Silver oxide can be replaced with other antimicrobial compounds. 抗微生物化合物含量为0.001-10重量％，优选0.005-5重量％，每种情况下相对于无机颜料。 The antimicrobial compound content of 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 5% by weight, in each case relative to the inorganic pigment. 无机颜料可具有任何所需形状。 The inorganic pigment may have any desired shape.
[0006] 涂有二氧化硅的铜片晶在作为Resist AT、LT或CT (来自Eckart)市售的抗污涂料中的使用由US 7，147,921B2已知。 [0006] The silica-coated copper crystal as Resist AT, LT or CT (from Eckart) commercially available antifouling paint known from US 7,147,921B2.
[0007] 其中铜的量通过加入石墨而降低的含铜抗污涂料由US 2004/0197322 A1已知。 [0007] wherein the amount of copper is lowered by the addition of copper-containing antifouling paints of the graphite US 2004/0197322 A1 is known.
[0008] 通过电解用氧化铜（I)覆盖的主要球形粉末描述于EP 2 246 395 A1中。 [0008] covered by electrolytic copper (I) oxide spherical powder mainly described in the EP 2 246 395 A1. 氧化铜(I)颗粒粘附地固定在表面上。 Oxide, copper (I) particles adhesively secured to the surface. 水溶性氯离子的含量相对于粉末的总重量为小于0.1重量％。 The water-soluble chlorine ions relative to the total weight of the powder is less than 0.1 wt%. 该粉末能够很好地并入抗污涂料中，同时提高它们的储存稳定性。 The powder can be well incorporated in the antifouling coating, while improving their storage stability.
[0009] W0 2011/010663 A1描述了通过电解用氧化铜⑴覆盖且可用于提高在抗污涂料中的储存稳定性的颗粒。 [0009] W0 2011/010663 A1 describes a particle storage stability ⑴ covered with copper by electrolytic oxidation and may be used to improve the antifouling coatings. 此处氧化铜（I)覆盖由八面体氧化铜（I)颗粒的累积组成。 Here copper (I) oxide is covered by a cumulative particle (I), copper oxide octahedra.
[0010] 其中氧化铜⑴颗粒电解沉积于Si02和/或A1203粉末表面上的抗污涂料用复合颜料描述于JP 01213368 A中。 [0010] wherein the electrolytic copper oxide particles ⑴ antifouling coating deposited on the Si02 and / or A1203 powder in the surface of the composite pigments described in JP 01213368 A.
[0011] 根据FR 2 937 043 A1，珠光颜料用于抗污涂料中以吸引鱼。 [0011] According to FR 2 937 043 A1, pearlescent pigments used in antifouling paints to attract fish. 沉淀在船身上的有机体用作鱼的食物。 Precipitation in the hull of the organism used as fish food. 同时，珠光颜料用于赋予抗污涂层视觉上有吸引力的外观。 Meanwhile, pearlescent pigments for imparting an attractive appearance on visual antifouling coating.
[0012] 包含无机银、铜或锌化合物以及聚合载体的杀生物组合物由W0 2010/125323 A1 已知。 [0012] The inorganic silver, copper or zinc compound, and a polymeric carrier biocidal composition of W0 2010/125323 A1 is known. 铜化合物可选自例如碱性氯化铜、碱性硫酸铜、碱性碳酸铜、氧化铜或氢氧化铜。 Such as alkaline copper compound selected from copper chloride, basic copper sulfate, basic copper carbonate, copper oxide or copper hydroxide. 不利地，涂覆的有机载体材料通常仅是有条件地温度稳定的。 Disadvantageously, the coated organic carrier materials typically only conditionally stable temperature. 当用于含溶剂体系中时，还可能发生不想要的现象，例如载体材料的溶胀或者甚至完全解体。 When used in the solvent-containing systems, undesired phenomena may also occur, for example, the support material swelling or even complete disintegration.
[0013] 抗污涂料由JP 54047730 A已知，其包含例如碱性氯化铜和红磷，所述红磷负责铜离子的可控洗出。 [0013] The antifouling paint known from the JP 54047730 A, for example, comprising a basic copper chloride and red phosphorus, the red phosphorus responsible controllable copper ions eluted.
[0014] 本发明的目的是提供用于抗污涂料的抗污组分，其特征同时是抑污效果和活性屏障保护。 [0014] The object of the present invention is to provide antifouling paint components for antifouling, characterized in that while sewage suppressing effect and an active barrier protection. 抗污组分通过与常用杀生物剂相比较低的充当杀生物剂的比例和在抗污涂料中仍具有长期抑制结垢的足够作用表征。 Antifouling component ratio by conventional biocides lower compared to act as biocides and has a sufficient long-term scale inhibition effect characterized in antifouling coatings. 此外，可适于各抗污涂层的抗污组分是市售的。 Further, each component may be adapted antifouling antifouling coatings are commercially available. 抗污组分还能够容易地并入抗污涂料中。 Antifouling component can also be easily incorporated in the antifouling coating. 此外，提供具有抑污性能以及同时活性屏障保护的抗污涂料。 Furthermore, simultaneously with pollution suppressing properties and antifouling coating of active barrier protection.
[0015] 该目的通过提供包含片形非金属基质和至少一层含铜涂层的效果颜料而实现，其中效果颜料的平均粒度D5Q为大于5μπι且效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为3-70 重量％。 The copper content [0015] This object is achieved by providing a sheet-shaped substrate and at least one copper-containing non-metallic effect pigment coating is achieved, wherein the average particle size is more than D5Q 5μπι effect pigments and effect pigments relative to the total weight of the effect pigment 3 to 70 wt%.
[0016] 优选的发展描述于从属权利要求2-10中。 [0016] Preferred developments are described in the dependent claims 2-10.
[0017]另外，该目的通过提供制备本发明效果颜料的方法实现，其中方法包括以下步骤： [0017] Furthermore, this object is achieved by providing a process for preparing effect pigments according to the present invention is achieved, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
[0018] (al)将片形非金属基质悬浮于水溶液中， [0018] (al) a non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate is suspended in an aqueous solution,
[0019] (bl)加入铜盐溶液并将含铜涂层沉积于片形非金属基质上以得到效果颜料， [0019] (bl) was added a solution of copper salt and the copper coating is deposited on a substrate in sheet form to obtain a non-metallic effect pigments,
[0020] (cl)将根据步骤(bl)得到的效果颜料过滤，任选干燥和/或任选煅烧， [0020] (cl) the effect pigments obtained according to step (BL) by filtration, optionally dried and / or optionally calcined,
[0021] 或者 [0021] or
[0022] 其中方法包括以下步骤： [0022] wherein the method comprises the steps of:
[0023] (a2)使铜盐水溶液和片形非金属基质接触以提供悬浮液， [0023] (a2) an aqueous solution of copper salt and a sheet-shaped non-metal substrate is contacted to provide a suspension,
[0024] (b2)将铜络合剂加入步骤(a2)中所得悬浮液中， [0024] (b2) a copper complexing agent is added in step (a2) of the resulting suspension,
[0025] (c2)将还原剂加入来自步骤(b2)的悬浮液中以得到效果颜料， [0025] (c2) the reducing agent is added to the suspension from step (b2) to give the effect pigments,
[0026] (d2)将根据步骤(c2)得到的效果颜料过滤，任选干燥和/或任选煅烧。 [0026] (d2) Filter performance pigment obtained in step (c2), optionally dried and / or optionally calcined.
[0027] 根据本发明方法的优选发展，罗谢尔盐(Rochelle salt)溶液，因此酒石酸钾钠溶液，作为铜络合剂用于在第二方法变化方案中的步骤(b2)中。 [0027] According to a preferred development of the method of the present invention, Rochelle salt (Rochelle salt) solution, sodium potassium tartrate solution and therefore, the copper complexing agent in the second step of the method for variant (b2) in.
[0028] 根据本发明的另一变化方案，二亚乙基三胺五乙酸、亚乙基二胺四乙酸钙二钠盐二水合物、亚乙基二胺四乙酸二钾盐二水合物、亚乙基二胺四乙酸镁二钾盐、亚乙基二胺四乙酸二钠盐二水合物、亚乙基二胺四乙酸、次氮基三乙酸、亚乙基二胺二琥珀酸、乙二醇-双(氨基乙基醚)-N，N，N'，N'_四乙酸、N，N-二甲基乙醇胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、二甲胺、正丁胺、异丁胺和/或其混合物也可用作铜络合剂。 [0028] According to a further variant of the present invention, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate, calcium disodium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dipotassium salt dihydrate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, magnesium dipotassium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylene diamine disuccinic acid, b diol - bis (aminoethyl ether) -N, N, N ', N'_ tetraacetic acid, N, N- dimethylethanolamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, dimethylamine, n-butylamine, iso butylamine and / or mixtures thereof may also be used as a copper-complexing agent.
[0029] 任何合适的铜还原剂可作为还原剂用于第二方法变化方案中的步骤(c2)中。 [0029] Any suitable reducing agent may be copper, a second step as the reducing agent used in process variant (c2) in. 例如，还原糖如葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖和乳糖或醛证明是合适的。 For example, reducing sugars such as glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, and lactose or aldehyde proved to be suitable.
[0030] 此外，该目的通过提供包含根据权利要求1-10中一项的效果颜料的抗污涂层以及通过根据权利要求1-10中一项的效果颜料在抗污涂层中的用途实现。 [0030] In addition, this object is achieved by providing a pigment coating layer and the antifouling effect achieved by the use of a pigment according to one of the 1-10 antifouling coating according to the effect of claim one of claims 1 to 10 .
[0031] 本发明效果颜料的片形非金属基质可选自天然云母片晶、合成云母片晶、玻璃片晶、Si〇2片晶、AI2O3片晶、BiOCl片晶、Ti〇2片晶、Fe2〇3片晶、絹75Γ母片晶、尚岭土片晶、石墨片晶、包含无机-有机混合层的片形基质。 [0031] The effect pigments of the present invention is a non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate selected from natural mica platelets, synthetic mica platelets, glass crystal, Si〇2 platelets, of AI2O3 platelets, BiOCl platelets, platelets Ti〇2, Fe2〇3 platelets, platelets silk 75Γ master, yet kaolin platelets, graphite platelets, comprising an inorganic - organic hybrid sheet-shaped substrate layer. 优选片形非金属基质选自天然云母片晶、合成云母片晶、玻璃片晶、Si〇2片晶、AI2O3片晶。 Preferably the sheet-shaped substrate is selected from non-metallic platelets of natural mica, synthetic mica platelets, glass crystal, Si〇2 platelets, of AI2O3 platelets. 进一步优选，片形非金属基质选自天然75Γ母片晶、合成云母片晶、玻璃片晶。 Further preferably, the non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate is selected from natural mother 75Γ platelets, synthetic mica platelets, glass crystal. 天然和合成云母片晶特别优选作为片形非金属基质，非常特别优选天然云母片晶。 Natural and synthetic mica platelets are particularly preferred as a non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate, very particularly preferably natural mica platelets.
[0032] 根据本发明，片形非金属基质具有至少一层含铜涂层。 [0032] According to the present invention, the non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate coated with at least one layer of copper.
[0033] 含铜涂层根据本发明意指由纯铜、铜合金、铜混合物和/或含铜化合物如铜盐、铜氧化物、铜氢氧化物和/或铜氯氧化物构成的涂层。 [0033] According to the present invention means a copper coating of pure copper, a copper alloy, a mixture of copper and / or copper compound such as copper coating, copper oxide, copper hydroxide and / or oxide of copper chloride . 当然，含铜涂层还可包含上述组分的混合物。 Of course, the copper coating may also comprise a mixture of the above components.
[0034] 含铜涂层可选自铜(0)、氧化铜（I)、氢氧化铜（I)、氧化铜（II) (CAS号1317-38-0)、 氢氧化铜（Π ) (CAS号20427-59-2)、氯化铜⑴（CAS号7758-89-6)、氯化铜（II) (CAS号7447-39-4)、溴化铜（I)、溴化铜（II)、碘化铜（I)、乙酸铜（II)、乙酸铜（II) 一水合物(CAS号6046-93-1)、碱式碳酸铜（II) (CAS号12069-69-1)、柠檬酸铜（II) (CAS号866-82-0)、硝酸铜（II) (CAS号3251-23-8)、硫酸铜（II)五水合物(CAS号7758-99-8)、硫化铜（I)、硫化铜（II)、硫氰酸铜、氯氧化铜(CAS号1332-65-6)、酒石酸铜（II) (CAS号815-82-7)及其混合物。 [0034] The coating may be selected from copper, copper (0), copper oxide (the I) hydroxide, copper (the I), copper oxide (II) (CAS No. 1317-38-0), copper hydroxide ([pi) ( CAS No. 20427-59-2), ⑴ copper chloride (CAS No. 7758-89-6), copper (II) chloride (CAS No. 7447-39-4), copper (I) bromide, copper ( II), copper (I) iodide, copper (II) acetate, copper (II) acetate monohydrate (CAS No. 6046-93-1), basic copper carbonate (II) (CAS No. 12069-69-1) , copper (II) citrate (CAS No. 866-82-0), copper (II) nitrate (CAS No. 3251-23-8), (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CAS No. 7758-99-8), copper sulfide (the I), copper sulfide (II), copper thiocyanate, copper oxide chloride (CAS No. 1332-65-6), tartaric acid copper (II) (CAS No. 815-82-7) and mixtures thereof.
[0035] 优选含铜涂层选自铜(0)、氧化铜（I)、氧化铜（II)、硝酸铜（II)、硫氰酸铜、硫酸铜、氯氧化铜及其混合物。 [0035] The copper coating is preferably selected from copper (0), copper oxide (the I), copper (II) oxide, copper (II) nitrate, copper thiocyanate, copper sulfate, copper oxychloride, and mixtures thereof.
[0036] 在特别优选的实施方案中，含铜涂层包含氯氧化铜，其可指定为矿物学上不同的晶体体系、空间群和晶体类别。 [0036] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the coating comprises copper oxide, copper chloride, which can be assigned to different mineralogical crystal system, space group, and crystalline class.
[0037]如果氯氧化铜以正斜方晶（orthorhombic)结构在待涂覆的片形非金属基质上结晶，则指矿物氯铜矿(atacamite)。 [0037] crystalline matrix of the non-metallic platelet-shaped copper oxychloride positive if orthorhombic (orthorhombic) structure to be coated, means the mineral atacamite (atacamite). 如果存在单斜晶(monoclinic)结构，则取决于空间群，可存在轻氯铜矿(botallackite)或斜氯铜矿(clinoatacamite)。 If monoclinic (Monoclinic) structure is present, depending on the space group, there may be light atacamite (botallackite) or botallackite (clinoatacamite). 在三斜晶（triclinic)结构的情况下，指氯铜矿。 In the case of triclinic (triclinic) structure refers to copper chloride. 通常待涂覆片形非金属基质上的氯氧化铜不仅形成晶格，而且借助晶体结构分析待识别不同晶体体系的混合物。 Typically be coated platelet-shaped non-metallic copper oxychloride formed not only on the substrate lattice, and the mixture to be identified by crystal structure analysis of different crystal systems. 相应的含铜涂层未必以结晶形式存在。 Corresponding copper coating need not be present in crystalline form. 而是，它们可以以部分结晶或者以及无定形形式存在。 Instead, they may be present in partially or crystalline and amorphous forms.
[0038] 在另一优选实施方案中，含铜涂层包含以下一般经验式⑴的化合物： [0038] In another preferred embodiment, the coating comprises a copper-containing compound of the following general empirical formula ⑴:
[0039] CuwMx (OH) yClz · nH20 (I) [0039] CuwMx (OH) yClz · nH20 (I)
[0040] 其中M可代表锌、镍、镁、钴或铁，w可选自0.5-5^选自0-2,7选自1-8，且2选自1_2， 条件是(y+z) = (w · Cu的氧化态+χ · Μ的氧化态）。 [0040] where M may represent zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt or iron, 0.5 to 5 W ^ is selected from optionally selected from 1-8 0-2,7, 2 and 1_2 selected, with the proviso that (y + z ) = (w · Cu oxidation state of + χ · Μ oxidation state). 11可代表0-10的值。 11 may represent a value of 0-10.
[0041] 如果Μ在以上经验式（I)中代表镁，则可例如代表haydeeite Cu3Mg(0H)6Cl2。 [0041] If the representative Μ magnesium in the above empirical formula (I), may represent, for example haydeeite Cu3Mg (0H) 6Cl2. 根据一个优选变化方案，至少一层含铜涂层作为haydeeite存在。 According to a preferred variant, the at least one layer of coating as a copper haydeeite present.
[0042] 如果锌用于以上经验式⑴中的M，则取决于化学计量，指herbertsmithite CmZn (OH) 6CI2或副氯铜矿（paratacamite) Cui.5Zn〇.5 (OH) 3CI oHaydeeite'herbertsmithite和畐lj 氯铜矿都具有三方晶（trigonal)结构。 [0042] If the above empirical formula for the zinc ⑴ those of M, depending on the stoichiometry refers herbertsmithite CmZn (OH) 6CI2 or secondary copper chloride (paratacamite) Cui.5Zn〇.5 (OH) 3CI oHaydeeite'herbertsmithite and lj atacamite Bi has a trigonal (trigonal) structure. 在该实施方案中，含铜涂层也可以以部分结晶或者以及无定形形式存在。 In this embodiment, copper may also be present in the coating or a partially crystalline and amorphous forms.
[0043] 根据另一优选变化方案，至少一层含铜涂层作为herbertsmithite存在。 [0043] According to another preferred variant, the at least one layer of coating as a copper herbertsmithite present.
[0044] 根据另一优选变化方案，至少一层含铜涂层作为副氯铜矿存在。 [0044] According to another preferred variant, the at least one layer of copper coating is present as a by-atacamite.
[0045] 根据本发明，上述晶体结构中不同结构的混合物也可存在于含铜涂层中。 [0045] According to the present invention, a mixture of different crystal structures of the above-described structure may also be present in the copper coating.
[0046] 在特别优选的实施方案中，含铜涂层包含氯氧化铜和至少一种根据式I的其它化合物。 [0046] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the coating comprises copper oxide, copper chloride and at least one other compound according to formula I.
[0047] 片形非金属基质至少部分地被至少一层含铜涂层覆盖。 [0047] The non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate is at least partially covered by at least one copper-containing coating. 然而，取决于涂层，也可存在表面的完全覆盖。 However, depending on the coating layer, there may also completely cover the surface.
[0048] 根据本发明的优选发展，含铜涂层完全包封片形非金属基质。 [0048] According to a preferred development of the invention, copper-containing non-metallic coating completely enveloping matrix shape.
[0049] 本发明效果颜料具有3-70重量％，优选11-64重量％，进一步优选15-45重量％，特别优选18-43重量％，非常特别优选20-40重量％的铜含量，每种情况下相对于效果颜料的总重量。 [0049] The effect pigments of the present invention having 3-70 wt%, preferably 11-64 wt%, more preferably 15-45% by weight, particularly preferably 18-43% by weight, very particularly preferably 20-40% by weight copper content, per the total weight of the effect pigment case lower phase.
[0050] 本发明效果颜料的铜含量借助碘量滴定测定。 [0050] The copper content of the effect pigments of the present invention by means of iodometric titration.
[0051] 效果颜料的比铜表面积，定义为铜含量[重量％]与根据BET的比表面积[m2/g]的商： [0051] Effect pigment is a copper surface area, defined as the copper content [wt%] [m2 / g] in accordance with the quotient of the BET specific surface area:
[0053] 给出颜料表面积与抑污涂层含量的比。 [0053] The specific surface area gives a pigment content of coating suppression sewage. 它容许得出关于用相同量的颜料和相同抑污涂层的铜离子释放的结论。 It allows to draw conclusions about the release of the pigment with the same amount and the same inhibiting fouling coating copper ions. 比铜表面积的值越高，用相同量的颜料的铜离子释放越大。 The higher the value of the specific surface area of ​​copper, the copper ion release the same amount of pigment increases.
[0054] 该值越小，相应颜料"更加环境友好"，因为存在具有低铜含量的最大表面积。 [0054] The smaller the value, the corresponding pigment "more environmentally friendly" because there is a maximum surface area having a low copper content.
[0055] 本发明效果颜料具有小于60重量％ · g · m-2，但优选小于50重量％ · g · m-2，进一步优选小于或等于30重量％ · g · πΓ2,非常特别优选小于或等于15重量％ · g · πΓ2的比铜表面积。 [0055] The effect pigments of the present invention has less than 60 wt% · g · m-2, but preferably less than 50 wt% · g · m-2, more preferably less than or equal to 30 wt% · g · πΓ2, very particularly preferably less than or by weight copper surface area equal to 15% · g · πΓ2 of.
[0056] 本发明效果颜料优选具有5.5-100μπι，优选6-90μπι，特别优选7-85μπι，仍进一步优选8-60μπι，非常特别优选10-45μπι的D5q值。 Effect pigments invention [0056] This preferably has 5.5-100μπι, preferably 6-90μπι, particularly preferably 7-85μπι, still more preferably 8-60μπι, D5q very particularly preferred value of 10-45μπι.
[0057] 本发明效果颜料具有大于0.1重量％，但至少大于0.2重量％，非常特别优选大于或等于0.5重量％的氯含量，每种情况下相对于颜料的总重量。 Effect pigments [0057] The present invention is greater than 0.1 wt%, but at least greater than 0.2% by weight, very particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight of chlorine content, in each case relative to the total weight of the pigment.
[0058] 平均粒度D5q在本发明范围内意指体积平均粒度分布函数的累积频率分布的D50 值，如通过激光衍射方法所得到。 [0058] The average particle size D5q within the scope of the present invention means a volume cumulative frequency distribution value D50 average particle size distribution function, as obtained by laser diffraction method. D5Q值表示50 %的效果颜料具有等于或小于所述值的直径。 D5Q value represents 50% of the effect pigments having a diameter equal to or smaller than said value. 本发明效果颜料的平均粒度D5Q使用来自Quantachrome (Cilas 1064)的装置根据厂商使用说明测量。 The average particle size of the effect pigments of the invention using a device D5Q from Quantachrome (Cilas 1064) according to the manufacturer's instructions using measured.
[0059] 本发明效果颜料的长径比优选为5-2000,进一步优选10-1500,特别优选11-1000， 非常特别优选5-500。 [0059] The effect of the present invention, the aspect ratio of the pigment is preferably from 5-2000, more preferably 10-1500, 11-1000 particularly preferred, very particularly preferably 5-500.
[0060] 本发明效果颜料的平均厚度优选为50-5000nm，进一步优选60-2000nm，特别优选70-1000nm，非常特别优选80-800nm。 [0060] The average thickness of the effect pigments of the present invention is preferably 50-5000nm, more preferably 60-2000nm, particularly preferably 70-1000nm, very particularly preferably 80-800nm.
[0061] 本发明效果颜料的平均厚度借助铺展值测定。 [0061] The average thickness of the effect pigments of the present invention the value measured by means of spreading. 如果由于效果颜料太高的比重而是不可能的，则平均厚度使用抛光部分的扫描电子显微镜法测定。 If the pigment is too high due to the effect of gravity, but can not, then the average thickness measured using a scanning electron microscopy of polished portions.
[0062] 根据另一优选实施方案，含铜涂层湿化学涂覆于片形非金属基质上，因此确保具有含铜材料的包封涂层。 [0062] According to another preferred embodiment, the wet chemical copper coating applied to the sheet-shaped non-metal substrate, thus ensuring sealing coating having a copper-containing material.
[0063] 根据另一优选实施方案，将本发明湿化学涂覆效果颜料任选干燥和/或任选煅烧。 [0063] According to another preferred embodiment, the wet chemical coating effect pigments of the present invention optionally drying and / or optionally calcined. 本发明效果颜料的干燥在含铜⑶以及铜⑴的涂料的情况下优选在惰性气氛下进行。 Drying effect pigments of the present invention is preferably carried out under an inert atmosphere in the case of copper-containing coating and a copper ⑴ ⑶ of. 如果合适的话，煅烧在不存在空气下和/或在例如氢气的存在下在还原条件下，优选在250-800 °C，进一步优选350-600°C的温度下进行。 If appropriate, calcined without air and / or the presence of hydrogen, is preferably carried out under reducing conditions, for example, at a temperature of 250-800 ° C, more preferably 350-600 ° C is present. 已知含铜层的可靠干燥通过煅烧进行，由此使铜离子排放到抗污涂层中的动力学最佳化。 Known copper-containing layer is dried by calcining performed reliably, whereby the copper ions is discharged to the optimal kinetics antifouling coating. 已经显示出来自本发明的煅烧效果颜料的铜离子减慢，但就本发明而言已经以足够程度地排放到周围水中。 It has been shown from the effects of the present invention calcined pigment copper ions slow down, but the purposes of the present invention has been discharged to a sufficient extent the surrounding water.
[0064] 为改善它们在应用技术方面的性能，本发明效果颜料可具有表面改性，所述表面改性使它们更容易地并入例如抗污涂层中或者影响效果颜料的漂浮行为。 [0064] In order to improve their performance in terms of application technology, the effect pigments of the invention may have a surface modification, the surface-modified to make them more easily incorporated into the floating behavior of antifouling coatings, for example, impact or effect pigments.
[0065] 根据本发明的优选发展，将效果颜料的颜料表面有机化学表面改性。 [0065] According to a preferred development of the invention, the surface of the pigment surface-modified effect pigments in organic chemistry.
[0066] 对于表面改性，例如可将至少一种硅烷施涂于含铜涂层上。 [0066] For surface modification, for example, at least one silane may be applied to the copper coating. 硅烷可以为具有具有1-24个C原子的支化或非支化烷基的烷基硅烷。 Silane may be a silane having an alkyl group having a branched or unbranched alkyl group of 1 to 24 C atoms in the.
[0067] 然而，硅烷也可以为有机官能硅烷，其使得在塑料、清漆或油漆的粘合剂等上的化学结合成为可能。 [0067] However, the silane may be an organofunctional silane, such that a chemical which the plastic, varnish or paint binder such binding is possible. 这些有机官能团也可称为耦合基团或官能结合基团，优选选自羟基、氨基、丙烯酰基、甲基丙烯酰基、乙烯基、乙氧基、异氰酸酯、氰基及其混合物。 These organic functional groups can also be called a coupling group, or a functional binding group, preferably selected from a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a vinyl group, an ethoxy group, an isocyanate, a cyano group, and mixtures thereof.
[0068] 优选用作表面改性剂的具有合适官能团的有机官能硅烷为市售的，例如由Evonik 生产并以商品名"Dynasylan"出售。 [0068] The surface modifier is preferably used as an organic silane having suitable functional groups are commercially available, for example, and manufactured by Evonik under the trade name "Dynasylan" sell. 其它产品可由Momentive (Silquest硅烷）或Wacker得到，例如来自GENI0SIL产品组的标准和α-硅烷。 Other products may be Momentive (Silquest Silane) or Wacker obtained, for example from the standard products and α- GENI0SIL silane groups.
[0069] 这些的实例为3-甲基丙稀酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Dynasylan MEM0、Silquest A-174NT)、乙烯基三甲或乙氧基硅烷(分别Dynasylan VTM0和VTE0、分别Silquest A-151和A-171)、甲基三甲或乙氧基硅烷(分别Dynasylan MTMS和MTES)、3_巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Dynasylan MTM0;Silquest A_189)、3_缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（Dynasylan GLYMO;Silquest A-187)、三[3_(三甲氧基甲硅烷基）丙基]异氰尿酸酯（Silquest Y-11597)、双[3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基）丙基)]四硫化物（Silquest A-1289)、双[3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基）丙基二硫化物（Silquest Α-1589)、β_ (3，4_环氧基环己基）乙基三甲氧基硅烷(Silquest Α-186)、双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基）乙烷（Silquest Υ-9805)、γ -异氰酸根合丙基三甲氧基硅烷（Silquest A-Link 35、GENI0SIL GF40)、甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基三甲或乙氧基硅烷(GENIOSIL XL 33、XL 36)、（甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基）甲或乙基二甲氧基 [0069] Examples of such 3-acyloxy propylene trimethoxysilane (Dynasylan MEM0, Silquest A-174NT), vinyl trimethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane (Dynasylan VTM0 respectively and VTE0, respectively Silquest A -151 and A-171), methyltrimethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane (respectively Dynasylan MTMS and MTES), 3_ mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane (Dynasylan MTM0; Silquest A_189), 3_ glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane silane (Dynasylan GLYMO; Silquest A-187), tris [3_ (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] isocyanurate (Silquest Y-11597), bis [3- (triethoxysilyl yl) propyl)] tetrasulfide (Silquest A-1289), bis [3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl disulfide (Silquest Α-1589), β_ (3,4_ epoxy cyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane (Silquest Α-186), bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane (Silquest Υ-9805), γ - isocyanato propyl trimethoxy silane (Silquest A -Link 35, GENI0SIL GF40), methacryloxy methyl trimethoxy silane or (GENIOSIL XL 33, XL 36), (methacryloxy methyl) dimethoxy methyl or ethyl 硅烷(GENI0SIL XL 32、XL 34)、（异氰酸根合甲基）甲基二甲氧基硅烷、（异氰酸根合甲基)三甲氧基硅烷、3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基琥珀酸酐(GENIOSIL GF 20)、（甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基）甲基二乙氧基硅烷、2-丙烯酰氧基乙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、2-丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲氧基硅烷、2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-丙烯酰氧基丙基三丙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙酰氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三氯硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷®ENI0SIL XL 10)、乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷(GENI0SIL GF 58)、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷或其混合物。 Silane (GENI0SIL XL 32, XL 34), (isocyanato methyl) methyl dimethoxy silane, (meth isocyanatomethyl) trimethoxysilane, 3- (triethoxysilyl group) propyl succinic anhydride (GENIOSIL GF 20), (methacryloxy methyl) methyl diethoxy silane, 2-acryloyloxyethyl methyl dimethoxy silane, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl group ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethoxysilane, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl triethyl silane, 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, 3-acryloxypropyl tripropoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, 3- group methacryloxypropyl triacetoxy silane, 3-methacryloxypropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, vinyl trichlorosilane, vinyl trimethoxysilane ®ENI0SIL XL 10), ethylene tris (2-methoxyethoxy) silane (GENI0SIL GF 58), vinyl triacetoxy silane, or mixtures thereof.
[0070] 优选3-甲基丙稀酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（Dynasylan MEM0、Silquest A-174NT)、乙烯基三甲或乙氧基硅烷(分别Dynasylan VTM0和VTE0,分别Silquest A-151和A-171)、甲基三甲或乙氧基硅烷(分别Dynasylan MTMS和MTES)、β-(3,4-环氧基环己基）乙基三甲氧基硅烷（Silquest A-186)、双（三乙氧基甲硅烷基）乙烷（Silquest Υ-9805)、γ_异氰酸根合丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Silquest A-Link 35、GENI0SIL GF40)、甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基三甲或乙氧基硅烷(GENIOSIL XL 33、XL 36)、（甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基）甲或乙基二甲氧基硅烷(GENIOSIL XL 32、XL 34)、3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基）丙基琥珀酸酐(GENIOSIL GF 20)、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷®ENI0SIL XL 10)和/或乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷®ENI0SIL GF 58)用作有机官能硅烷。 [0070] Preferably 3-acyloxy propylene trimethoxysilane (Dynasylan MEM0, Silquest A-174NT), vinyl trimethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane (Dynasylan VTM0 respectively and VTE0, Silquest A-151, respectively, and A-171), methyltrimethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane (respectively Dynasylan MTMS and MTES), β- (3,4- epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl trimethoxy silane (Silquest A-186), bis (tri ethoxy-silyl) ethane (Silquest Υ-9805), γ_ isocyanato propyl trimethoxy silane (Silquest A-Link 35, GENI0SIL GF40), methacryloyloxy trimethoxy methyl or ethyl silane (GENIOSIL XL 33, XL 36), (methacryloxy methyl) methyl dimethoxy silane or ethyl (GENIOSIL XL 32, XL 34), 3- (triethoxysilyl group ) propyl succinic anhydride (GENIOSIL GF 20), vinyltrimethoxysilane ®ENI0SIL XL 10) and / or vinyltris (2-methoxyethoxy) silane ®ENI0SIL GF 58) is used as the organic silane.
[0071] 然而，也可将其它有机官能硅烷施涂于本发明效果颜料上。 [0071] However, other organic silane may be applied to the effect pigments of the present invention.
[0072] 此外，可使用例如由Degussa市售的含水预水解产物。 [0072] Further, for example, may be used commercially by Degussa prehydrolysate aqueous. 这些尤其包括含水氨基娃氧烧(Dynasylan Hydrosil 1151)、含水氨基/烷基官能硅氧烷(Dynasylan Hydrosil 2627或2909)、含水二氨基官能硅氧烷（Dynasylan Hydrosil 2776)、含水环氧基官能硅氧烷(Dynasylan Hydrosil 2926)、氨基/烷基官能低聚硅氧烷(Dynasylan 1146)、乙烯基/烷基官能低聚硅氧烷(Dynasylan 6598)、低聚乙烯基硅烷(Dynasylan 6490)或低聚短链烷基官能硅烷(Dynasylan 9896)。 These include in particular an aqueous amino baby burning oxygen (Dynasylan Hydrosil 1151), the aqueous amino / alkyl-functional siloxane (Dynasylan Hydrosil 2627 or 2909), the aqueous diamino-functional siloxane (Dynasylan Hydrosil 2776), an aqueous epoxy functional silicone siloxane (Dynasylan Hydrosil 2926), an amino / alkyl-functional oligosiloxane (Dynasylan 1146), a vinyl / alkyl-functional oligosiloxane (Dynasylan 6598), polyvinyl low silane (Dynasylan 6490) or low poly short chain alkyl silane (Dynasylan 9896).
[0073] 在一个优选实施方案中，除至少一种不具有官能结合基团的硅烷外，有机官能硅烧混合物包含至少一种氣基官能硅烷。 [0073] In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the at least one silane having no functional binding group, the organofunctional burning gas mixture comprising at least one silane-functional.
[0074] 氨基官能为可进入与存在于粘合剂中的多数基团的一种或多种化学相互作用中的官能团。 [0074] amino-functional functional group to be entered with one or more chemical interactions present in the majority of groups in the binder. 这可包括共价键，例如与粘合剂的异氰酸酯或羧酸酯官能的，或者氢桥键，例如与0H或C00R官能的，或者以及离子相互作用。 This can include covalent bonds such as, for example, interacts with an isocyanate or carboxylate-functional binders, or hydrogen bridge bonds with functional 0H or C00R, and or ions. 因此，氨基官能非常适于将颜料化学结合在各种粘合剂上的目的。 Therefore, very suitable for the purposes aminofunctional pigments chemically bound to various adhesives.
[0075] 为此优选使用以下化合物:3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Dynasylan AMMO;Silquest △-1110)、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(071^871&1141^0)、[3-(2-氨基乙基)氨基丙基]三甲氧基硅烷(Dynasylan DAM0、Silquest A-1120)、[3_(2-氨基乙基）氨基丙基]三乙氧基硅烷、 三氨基官能三甲氧基硅烷（Silquest A-1130)、双-(γ-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基）胺(Silquest Α-1170)、Ν_乙基-γ-氨基异丁基三甲氧基硅烷（Silquest A-Link 15)、Ν_苯基-γ -氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Si lquest Υ-9669)、4_氨基-3，3-二甲基丁基三甲氧基硅烷(Silquest Α-1637)、Ν-环己基氨基甲基甲基二乙氧基硅烷(GENIOSIL XL 924)、Ν-环己基氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷(GENIOSIL XL 926)、Ν-苯基氨基甲基三甲氧基硅烷(GENIOSIL XL 973)或其混合物。 [0075] For this purpose preferably the following compounds: 3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane (Dynasylan AMMO; Silquest △ -1110), 3- aminopropyl triethoxysilane (871 & 071 ^ 1141 ^ 0), [3- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyl] trimethoxysilane (Dynasylan DAM0, Silquest A-1120), [3_ (2- aminoethyl) amino propyl] triethoxysilane, triamino-functional trimethoxy silane (Silquest A-1130), bis - (γ- trimethoxysilylpropyl-yl) amine (Silquest Α-1170), Ν_ -γ- ethyl aminoisobutyl trimethoxy silane (Silquest A-Link 15), Ν_ phenyl -γ - aminopropyl trimethoxy silane (Si lquest Υ-9669), 4_ amino-3,3-dimethylbutyl trimethoxy silane (Silquest Α-1637), Ν - cyclohexylamino methyl diethoxy silane (GENIOSIL XL 924), Ν- cyclohexyl aminomethyl triethoxy silane (GENIOSIL XL 926), Ν- phenyl aminomethyl trimethoxy silane (GENIOSIL XL 973) or mixtures thereof.
[0076] 在此外优选的实施方案中，不具有官能结合基团的硅烷为烷基硅烷。 [0076] In further preferred embodiments, the silane having no functional binding group is an alkylsilane. 烷基硅烷优选具有式R(4- z)Si⑵z。 Alkyl silane preferably has the formula R (4- z) Si⑵z. 此处，z为1-3的整数，R为具有10-22个C原子的取代或未被取代、非支化或支化烷基链，且X代表卤素和/或烷氧基。 Here, z is an integer of 1-3, R is a substituent having 10-22 C atoms substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched alkyl chain, and X represents a halogen and / or alkoxy. 优选具有具有至少12个C原子的烷基的烷基硅烷。 Alkylsilanes having an alkyl group preferably having at least 12 C atoms. R也可环状结合在Si上，其中在这种情况下z通常为2。 R may also be bound to the cyclic Si, wherein z in this case is generally 2.
[0077] 除所述硅烷和硅烷混合物外，其它有机化学改性剂，例如取代或未被取代的烷基、 聚醚、硫醚、硅氧烷等及其混合物也可排列在本发明效果颜料的表面或之上。 [0077] In addition to the silane and the silane mixture, the other organic modifiers, such as substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, polyether, sulfide, siloxane, and mixtures thereof may also be arranged in the effect pigments of the present invention or on the surface.
[0078] 其它表面改性剂可例如由饱和脂肪酸构成，例如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、月桂酸、十五烷酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、十九烷酸、花生酸、二十二烷酸、二十四烷酸、蜡酸、褐煤酸、蜂花酸或其混合物。 [0078] Other surface modifying agents may be for example, a saturated fatty acid such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, pentadecanoic acid , heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, montanic acid, melissic acid or mixtures thereof. 同样，不饱和脂肪酸如十一碳烯酸、肉豆蔻脑酸、棕榈油酸、岩芹酸、油酸、反油酸、十Λ碳烯油酸、鳕肝油酸、二十碳烯酸、鲸蜡烯酸、芥酸、神经酸及其混合物可用于本发明效果颜料的表面改性。 Likewise, unsaturated fatty acids such as undecylenic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, petroselinic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, ten Λ carbene oleic acid, gadoleic acid, eicosenoic acid, spermaceti wax acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, and mixtures thereof may be used for pigment surface modification effect of the present invention. 多饱和脂肪酸如亚油酸、 α-亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、calendula acid、石植酸、α-桐酸、β-桐酸、花生四稀酸、二十碳五稀酸、二十二碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、其混合物，以及官能化脂肪酸，例如斑鸠菊酸或者以及蓖麻油酸也适用作表面改性剂。 Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linoleic acid alpha], [gamma] -linolenic acid, calendula acid, phytic acid stone, eleostearic acid alpha], [beta] eleostearic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, twenty two eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, mixtures thereof, and functionalized fatty acids, such as vernolic acid or ricinoleic acid and also useful as a surface modifier. 此外，可使用不同的膦酸、磺酸或者以及二羧酸。 Further, different phosphonic acids, and sulfonic acids or dicarboxylic acid.
[0079] 当然，基于饱和或不饱和脂肪酸以及膦酸、磺酸或二羧酸的上述表面改性剂也可作为混合物使用。 [0079] Of course, also be used based on saturated or unsaturated fatty acid and said surface modifier phosphonic, sulfonic or dicarboxylic acid as a mixture.
[0080] 然而，在可提高例如在各施涂介质中的分散性和/或相容性的无机化学改性剂(如Α12〇3或Zr02或其混合物)也可施涂于颜料表面上。 [0080] However, for example, can be improved in dispersibility and / or compatibility of the inorganic chemical modifier (e.g. Α12〇3 or Zr02, or mixtures thereof) in the application medium may also be applied to the surface of the pigment.
[0081] 借助表面改性，可改变和/或设置例如颜料表面的亲水性能或疏水性。 [0081] by means of surface modification, may be changed, and / or settings such as hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of the surface of the pigment. 例如，借助表面改性，可改变和/或设置本发明效果颜料的叶浮或非叶浮性能。 For example, by means of surface modification, may be varied and / or effect pigments of the invention is provided a leaf or leaves float floating properties. 叶浮意指在施涂介质如清漆中，本发明颜料本身排列在施涂介质的界面或表面上或附近。 In the application medium leaves floating means, such as a varnish, the pigment of the present invention per se or the interface surface arranged on or near the application medium.
[0082] 表面改性剂还可具有反应性化学基团，例如丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯基、异氰酸酯、氰基、环氧基、羟基、氨基或其混合物。 [0082] The surface modifying agent may have reactive chemical groups, such as acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, isocyanate, cyano, epoxy, hydroxy, amino or mixtures thereof. 这些化学反应性基团使得可在施涂介质或施涂介质的组分如粘合剂上化学结合，特别是形成共价键。 These chemically reactive groups that may be chemically bound to the binder as components of the application medium or application medium, in particular a covalent bond is formed. 例如，固化清漆或油漆的化学和/ 或物理性能，例如对环境影响的耐受性如湿气、太阳辐射、UV耐受性等，或者对机械影响如刮擦等的耐受性可由此改进。 For example, a varnish or paint curing chemical and / or physical properties, such as resistance to impact on the environment such as moisture, solar radiation, UV resistance and the like, or resistance to mechanical influences, such as scratching or the like can be improved thereby .
[0083] 化学反应性基团与施涂介质或施涂介质的组分之间的化学反应可例如通过用能量，例如UV辐射和/或热形式的能量照射而引发。 [0083] The chemical reaction between the components of the application medium or application medium chemically reactive groups may be, for example, by treatment with energy, such as UV radiation and / or in the form of heat energy irradiation triggered.
[0084] 抗污涂层意指对抗或防止表面结垢的表面涂料或油漆。 [0084] The antifouling coating means combating or preventing surface fouling surface coating or paint.
[0085] 如果例如船身被不想要的污垢染污，则它的涂层可能受损，因此促进腐蚀、颜色变化和导电率变化。 [0085] For example, if the hull is unwanted soiling dirt, it may damage the coating, thus promoting corrosion, color change and conductivity change. 此外，船的耐摩擦性以及因此燃料消耗由于结垢而提高。 In addition, abrasion resistance and therefore fuel consumption of the ship due to scale increase. 受损的涂层必须更新，即必须将船从水中取出且不再可用。 Damaged coating must be updated, i.e., the water must be removed from the boat and no longer available. 此外，由于不想要的结垢，有机体可散布于它们不会自然存在的面积中（参见(Progress in Organic Coatings 50(2004)75-104))。 In addition, due to the unwanted fouling organisms can be spread in an area they do not naturally occurring (see (Progress in Organic Coatings 50 (2004) 75-104)).
[0086] 例如船身是否以及如何强地被污损有机体覆盖尤其取决于表面上的流速、例如在船坞中集群生长有机体的将进入和它们的生长条件。 [0086] For example if and how strongly the hull is covered with fouling organisms on the surface depends inter alia on the flow rate, the growth of organisms such as clusters in the dock and will enter their growth conditions. 温热带水比例如冷水提供更好的污损有机体生长条件。 The proportion of temperate and tropical cold water fouling organisms better growth conditions. 另外，水的盐含量是污损有机体集群生长中不可忽视的因素。 Additionally, the salt content of the water clusters is fouling organisms can not grow in a negligible factor. 尽管仅单细胞有机体存在于淡水的污垢(微生物污垢）中，当盐含量提高时污垢提高，且污垢中还日益存在更高的有机体如藤壶（"Vorstudie"，第2部分第3页）。 Although only single-celled organisms present in freshwater fouling (Biofouling), when the salt content is increased to improve the soil, and the presence of dirt also increasingly higher organisms such as barnacles ( "Vorstudie", Part 2, p 3).
[0087] 化学污垢保护基于这一事实，即活性成分从抗污涂层中释放并以停止能够沉降的污损有机体集群生长的浓度存在于直接在船身上的薄水层中。 [0087] Chemical-based dirt protection to the fact that active ingredient is released from the antifouling coating and to stop the growth of fouling organisms settled can be present at a concentration in the cluster thin layer of water directly in the hull. 集群生长仅以非常低的速度，但主要在船停止时进行。 Clusters grow only very low speed, but mainly when the ship stopped. 为实现此处相应高的浓度，油漆必须具有活性成分足够高的洗出和释放速率（"浸出速率"）。 In order to achieve a correspondingly high concentration here, the paint must have a sufficiently high active ingredient release rate and wash-out ( "leach rate"). 然而释放不能太快，否则一方面油漆的寿命降低，但另一方面，并不需要的大量的杀生物剂也释放到环境中。 However, the release is not too fast, otherwise the one hand reduce the life of the paint, but on the other hand, do not need large amounts of biocides are also released into the environment. 最大的释放全速进行。 The biggest release in full swing. 长等待时间和在热带水中的停止都是最重要的结垢促进因素(Vorstudie，第5页）。 Long waiting time and stop fouling is the most important contributing factor (Vorstudie, p. 5) in tropical water.
[0088] 使得至少一种杀生物剂对例如待行进的水、空闲时间和船的行进速度的单独适应性成为可能的抗污涂料是理想的。 [0088] such that the at least one biocide alone, for example, possible adaptation of the antifouling coating is desirable to be traveling speed of travel of the water, and the vessel idle time. 然而，对于杀生物剂从抗污涂料中的释放，涂层的所有单独组分的相互作用而不仅仅是每种情况下所用至少一种杀生物剂的性能是决定性的("Vorstudie"，第2部分第6页）。 However, for the interaction of all the individual components released from the antifouling biocide of the coating, the coating rather than in each case with at least one biocide performance is critical ( "Vorstudie", of part 2, page 6).
[0089] 通常，对实际上所有活体具有强毒性效应的宽谱杀生物剂必须用于抗污涂料中； 对有机体的选择性防护仅会产生该空间被其它占据（"Vorstudie"，第2版第3页）。 [0089] Generally, a broad spectrum of practically all living have strong toxic effect of biocide in antifouling coating must be used; selective protection against organisms will only generate the space occupied by the other ( "Vorstudie", 2nd Ed. p. 3).
[0090] 主要用于常规防污体系中的杀生物剂目前是铜，其作为金属粉末和在不同化合物中。 [0090] The system is mainly used for conventional antifouling biocide is copper present, as a metal powder and in different compounds. 为增强铜和整个配制剂的毒性，将其它杀生物剂加入多数产物中。 To enhance the toxicity of copper and the entire formulation, the majority of the other biocide product. 常规防污产品中最常用的助杀生物剂为锌、吡啶硫酮锌、二硫代氨基甲酸酯、s-三嗪、甲基脲和异噻唑啉酮("Umweltbundesamt"第29页）。 Conventional antifouling products most commonly used co-biocides is zinc pyrithione, zinc dithiocarbamate, S- triazine, urea, and methyl isothiazolin-one ( "Umweltbundesamt" on page 29).
[0091] 铜实际上为痕量元素，因此是对所有活体而言必不可少的。 [0091] Copper is a trace element in fact, is thus essential in terms of all living. 然而，以较高浓度显示出损害效应。 However, showing the damaging effects at higher concentrations. 既没有发生营养缺乏症状，也没有观察到损害效应的浓度范围可以为非常小的（"Vorstudie"第2部分第11页）。 Neither nutrient deficiency symptoms occur, no observed effect concentration range of damage can be ( "Vorstudie" Part 2, page 11) is very small.
[0092] 铜主要以配合形式存在于水生环境中且它的生物利用率通过参数如pH、溶解有机碳的含量、硬度和盐度决定性地控制。 [0092] Copper is mainly present in the form of a complex in the aquatic environment and its bioavailability by parameters such as pH, dissolved organic carbon content, hardness and salinity decisively controlled. 假定如果溶解有机碳的含量较高，则生物可用离子的量较小。 If the assumed higher content of dissolved organic carbon, the smaller the amount of ions bioavailable. 在老鼠中检查毒性与铜粒度之间的差异，其中将具有不同粒度的铜颗粒在其食物中给药于老鼠。 Checking the difference between the particle size of the copper toxicity in mice, in which the copper particles having different particle sizes in which the food administered to the mice. 尽管该研究不直接转移至水生有机体，它提供关于与毒性直接相关的不同铜颗粒的粒度、比表面积和单g颗粒比例的数据。 Although this study does not directly transferred to aquatic organisms, which provides a different size on the copper particles is directly related to the toxicity of the specific surface area and the proportion of particles of a single data g. 得知最小的粒度具有最强的毒性。 The minimum particle size that has the strongest toxicity. 在水生有机体中，游离铜离子首先与毒性效应有关，因为它们可与细胞表面接触或者渗入细胞中("Umweltbundesamt"第53-54页）。 In aquatic organisms, and the free copper ions toxic effects associated with the first, as they may be contacted with a cell surface or cell infiltration ( "Umweltbundesamt" pages 53-54).
[0093] 在抗污涂料中，取得含杀生物剂与不含杀生物剂的涂料之间的区别。 [0093] In the antifouling paint, the paint made containing the difference between the biocide and the biocide-free. 含杀生物剂抗污涂料包括所谓的"自磨（solf-polishing)型共聚物"（SPC)、"可控贫化（controlled depletion)聚合物"（⑶P)、"接触浸出"和"混杂SPC"涂料。 The antifouling paint containing biocides include so-called "autogenous grinding (solf-polishing) type copolymer" (SPC), "controlled-depleted (controlled depletion) polymer" (⑶P), "contacting leach" and "hybrid SPC "coating. 不含杀生物剂的抗污涂料，所谓的"污垢释放"体系，尝试借助表面改性抑制结垢。 Biocide-free antifouling paints, a so-called "soil release" systems, attempts to scale inhibition by means of surface modification. 现在船身具有例如不含杀生物剂还是含杀生物剂的抗污涂层或者船身是否包含具有不含杀生物剂和含杀生物剂抗污涂层的面积， 可取决于多种因素，如船的使用领域或行进速度。 Now, for example, the hull having a free biocides or biocide-containing antifouling coatings contain or hull having an area free of biocide and a biocide-containing antifouling coating may depend on various factors, as the field of use of the ship or travel speed. 在市售抗污涂料中，氧化铜（I)主要用作杀生物剂。 Commercially available antifouling coating, the copper (I) oxide is mainly used as a biocide. 然而，由于氧化铜（I)不能抑制所有类型的污垢，优选将其它杀生物剂加入抗污涂层中。 However, since copper (I) oxide not inhibit all types of dirt, preferably the additional antifouling biocide coating. 氧化铜（I)不对抗例如藻类生长;此处必须使用抑制光合成的所谓"增强"杀生物剂，如啦啶硫酮锌或啦啶硫酮铜。 Copper (I) oxide, for example, not against algae growth; light must be used here to suppress the synthesis of so-called "enhancing" biocide, such as friends or friends piperidone zinc pyridine thione sulfur copper.
[0094] 含杀生物剂抗污涂料的操作模式基于杀生物剂向周围海水中的可控释放。 [0094] The antifouling coating containing the biocide into the surrounding seawater to release an operation mode of the controllable based biocide. 取决于所用的抗污涂层，杀生物剂释放可通过扩散方法、水解或离子交换进行。 Depending upon the antifouling coatings, release biocides may be carried out by a diffusion method, hydrolysis or ion exchange. 松香基抗污涂料可容许海水渗入涂层中并以扩散方法释放杀生物剂。 Rosin-based antifouling coating may allow water infiltration and diffusion The method of coating release biocide. 在松香基抗污涂料中，取得具有高与具有低松香含量之间的区别。 Rosin-based antifouling paint, having achieved a high and low difference between the content of the rosin. 具有高松香含量的抗污涂料比具有低松香含量的那些更软。 Antifouling paint with a high content of rosin softer than those with a low content of rosin. 它们在海水中缓慢地解体并称为"可溶性基体"或"可控贫化聚合物"（CDP)抗污涂料。 They slowly disintegrated and referred to as "soluble matrix" or "controlled polymer-lean" (the CDP) antifouling coating in seawater. 这可取决于松香树脂改性和抗污涂层的其余组分控制。 This may depend on the remaining components of the control-modified rosin resins and antifouling coatings. CDP抗污涂料仅是部分水溶的。 CDP antifouling coating is only partially water soluble. 当水溶性组分解体时，保留所谓的"浸出层"，这随着时间延迟杀生物剂释放。 When the dissolution of water-soluble components, so-called retention "soaking layer", with a time delay which releases a biocide. 在抗污涂层更新以前，应完全除去该层。 Before updating antifouling coating, the layer should be completely removed. 低松香含量要求不具有自磨性能的硬"不溶性基体"或"接触浸出"抗污涂料。 Rosin having a low content of autogenous grinding performance requirements are not hard "insoluble matrix" or "contact leaching" antifouling coating. "接触浸出"和"CDP"抗污涂料都显示出按指数规律降低的杀生物剂释放速率。 "Contacting leach" and "the CDP" antifouling coating exhibited decreased exponentially biocide release rate.
[0095] "自磨型共聚物"（SPC)涂料包含通过水解或离子交换与盐水反应，因此确保所用杀生物剂的释放的丙烯酸铜或丙烯酸锌。 [0095] "autogenous grinding copolymer" (the SPC) coating comprises an ion exchange reaction or by hydrolysis with brine, thus ensuring the release of zinc acrylate, copper acrylate or biocide used.
[0096] 抗污涂料通常为复杂配制剂，通常由20-30种单独组分，尤其是粘合剂、颜料、赋形剂和填料、溶剂和添加剂如UV吸收剂、触变剂或润湿剂的混合物组成。 [0096] The antifouling coating generally complex formulations, generally 20-30 by the individual components, in particular binders, pigments, fillers, and excipients, solvents, and additives such as UV absorbers, thixotropic agents or wetting mixtures of such components.
[0097] 作为CDP抗污涂料用粘合剂的典型组分，提及松香树脂和改性松香树脂，对于SPC 抗污涂料，提及丙烯酸铜或丙烯酸锌，对于混杂SPC抗污涂料，提及已提及的粘合剂的混合物。 [0097] As CDP antifouling paint binder components typically are mentioned rosin resins and modified rosin resins, for SPC antifouling coating, copper or zinc acrylate acrylic mentioned, for mixed SPC antifouling coating are mentioned binder mixture already mentioned. 在所述抗污涂料中，例如二氧化钛、炭黑、酞菁蓝、滑石、氧化锌、硫酸钡、天然云母或高岭土可用作颜料、赋形剂和填料。 In the antifouling paint, such as titanium dioxide, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, talc, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, mica or kaolin can be used as natural pigments, fillers and excipients. 抗污涂料的常用溶剂为例如二甲苯、甲基异丁基酮、丁醇或石油溶剂(white spirit)。 Antifouling coating for common solvents such as xylene, methyl isobutyl ketone, butanol or a petroleum solvent (white spirit). 此外，可加入添加剂，例如来自BASF，Ludwigshafen，德国的Tinuvin产品系列的UV吸收剂，来自Byk-Chemie，Wesel，德国的Disperbyk产品系列的润湿和分散添加剂，触变剂如来自Elementis Specialties，Hightstown，New Jersey，美国的Thixatrol ST，或火成二氧化娃如来自Evonik，Essen，德国的AerosiIs。 In addition, additives can be added, for example from BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany, product line Tinuvin UV absorber, from Byk-Chemie, Wesel, Germany Disperbyk Series wetting and dispersing additive, a thixotropic agent such as from Elementis Specialties, Hightstown , New Jersey, United States Thixatrol ST, such as baby or igneous dioxide from Evonik, Essen, Germany AerosiIs.
[0098] 令人惊讶地，在具有其的抗污涂料中用本发明珠光颜料取代近似球形氧化铜（I) 显示出相当或更好的抑污性能。 [0098] Surprisingly, using the antifouling coating having a pearlescent pigment of the invention which is substituted by an approximately spherical copper (I) oxide exhibit fouling inhibition properties comparable or better. 在海水中的表面结垢由Rathsack分成5个阶段。 Surface fouling in seawater by the Rathsack divided into five stages. 这些阶段描述了污垢的时间顺序。 These stages are described in chronological order dirt. 化学结垢保护的效率可根据污垢停止的阶段评估。 Chemical fouling protection efficiency can be assessed according to the dirt to stop the stage.
[0099] 根据Rathsack的5个集群生长阶段是： [0099] The five clusters Rathsack growth stage:
[0100] •主要是来自细菌和几类硅藻的粘液(阶段1) [0100] • mainly from several types of bacteria and mucus diatoms (Stage 1)
[0101] •绿藻Ulothrix的出现（阶段2) [0101] • Chlorella Ulothrix appear (Phase 2)
[0102] •大生物体如绿藻Enteromorpha和二阶筒螅(Tubularia)(水螅虫)水螅体的出现(阶段3) [0102] • large organisms such as green algae Enteromorpha and second order occurs hydroids cylinder (Tubularia) (hydroids) polyp (Stage 3)
[0103] •此后是藤壶(Balanidae)或还有褐藻Ectocarpus的大量集群生长(阶段4) [0103] • This is followed by barnacles (Balanidae) or there are a large number of clusters of brown algae Ectocarpus growth (stage 4)
[0104] •最后，出现红藻、敏感性绿藻、其它褐藻以及藓类动物(苔藓动物(bryozoa))、双壳类(bivalvia)、管栖懦虫(隐居类(Sedentaria))和海鞘(海鞘纲(Ascidiacea))(阶段5)。 [0104] • Finally, the emergence of red algae, green algae sensitivity, other brown algae and moss animals (Bryozoa (bryozoa)), bivalves (bivalvia), habitat cowardly tube worms (seclusion class (Sedentaria)) and sea squirts ( Gang ascidian (Ascidiacea)) (stage 5).
[0105] 阶段1和2分别由Rathsack分类为"绝对可接受"和"可接受"。 [0105] Phase 1 and 2, respectively, by Rathsack classified as "acceptable absolute" and "acceptable." 阶段3,即多细胞有机体的出现应当理解为缺乏污垢保护的指示。 Phase 3, ie emergence of multicellular organisms should be understood as an indication of lack of soil protection. 阶段4和5分别表示"不适当"和"无用"污垢保护(Vorstudie第2部分第2页）。 Phase 4 and 5 indicate "inappropriate" and "useless" soil Protection (Vorstudie Part 2, page 2).
[0106] 如果本发明效果颜料并入抗污涂层中并置于生物活性淡水（河水:Pegnitz，GU ntersthal (Hartenstein)，德国）中，贝lj显然1年以后的总视觉印象比市售抗污涂料好得多。 [0106] If the effect pigments of the present invention is incorporated in the antifouling coating and placed in fresh biological activity (water: Pegnitz, GU ntersthal (Hartenstein), Germany), the shell 1 lj apparent years after the total visual impression than commercial anti dirty paint better. 由于本发明效果颜料的片形结构以及因此较高的屏障效应，能够防止比例如使用近似球形氧化铜时更强的抗污涂层从基质上的脱离。 Since the sheet-shaped structure and the effect pigments of the present invention is therefore a high barrier effect, the ratio can be prevented more nearly spherical copper oxide used as antifouling coatings detached from the substrate. 因此，通过污垢(绿藻）的沉降则也较不明显。 Thus, it is also less significant fouling by sedimentation (green algae) is. [0 107] 置于生物活性盐水(海水:the Singapore Strait)中的包含本发明效果颜料的抗污涂料显示本发明效果颜料的抑污效果也会在海水中观察到。 [0107] positioned bioactive brine (seawater: the Singapore Strait) contains effect pigments of the invention show inhibitory contaminated antifouling coating of the present invention, effects as pigments also observed in seawater. 每月的评估显示与市售抗污涂料相比相当或更好的抑污性能。 Monthly assessments show fouling inhibition properties comparable to or better compared to commercially available antifouling coatings.
[0108] 在本发明一个实施方案中，本发明效果颜料与至少一种其它杀生物剂一起用于抗污涂料中。 [0108] In one embodiment of the present invention, the effect pigments of the present invention with at least one other biocides used in antifouling coatings together. 优选，吡啶硫酮锌用作助杀生物剂。 Preferably, zinc pyrithione is used as co-biocide.
[0109] 不同于仅由铜（I)或铜（II)氧化物组成的近似球形颗粒，基于片形非金属基质的本发明效果颜料的特征是在抗污涂料中优异，同时起屏障作用。 [0109] Unlike only approximately spherical particles of copper (I) or copper (II) oxide, the effect of the present invention is based on a non-metallic platelet-shaped substrates wherein the pigment is excellent in antifouling paints, while the play barrier. 通过本发明片形效果颜料， 水渗入抗污涂层中的路径，例如通过不想要的对涂层的损害，更加困难。 By the present invention, sheet-shaped effect pigments, penetration of water into the path antifouling coatings, for example, by damage to the coating is unwanted, more difficult.
[0110] 球形颗粒不能确保该有效屏障保护。 [0110] The spherical particles can not ensure effective protection barrier. 具有杀生物剂作用的近似球形铜（I)或铜(II)氧化物颗粒在它们从抗污涂料中释放以后可例如沉积并累积在海底。 Having a nearly spherical copper (I) or a biocide action of copper (II) oxide particles can be deposited and accumulated on the seabed, for example, after they are released from the antifouling coating.
[0111] 而使用本发明效果颜料的情况是不同的。 [0111] and the effect of the present invention using different pigments. 在理想情况下，这些仅在含铜涂层完全解体以后从抗污涂层中溶解出来，因此此处仅无毒基质沉积在海底。 In the ideal case, in which only copper is dissolved after disintegration of the coating is completely out of the stain-resistant coating, non-toxic matrix deposition Therefore only the seabed. 有利地，抗污涂层的层结构和/或组成适于各自的环境使得本发明效果颜料的含铜涂层首先在无毒基质从抗污涂层中溶解出来并沉积在海底以前被完全消耗。 Advantageously, the layer structure of the antifouling coatings and / or composition adapted to the respective environmental effect pigments such copper-containing coating of the present invention is first dissolved in a non-toxic antifouling coating from the substrate and deposited on the sea floor is completely consumed before .
[0112]由于本发明效果颜料的片形几何，它们的尺寸在含铜涂层的解体过程期间基本不变，这与球形和固体含铜颗粒相反。 [0112] Because of the effect pigments of the invention sheet-shaped geometry, their size substantially constant during the process of dissolution of the copper coating, as opposed to the spherical particles and the solid copper.
[0113] 球形颗粒存在大的缺点:球形的圆周在解体期间显著降低且球形颗粒然后从抗污涂层的基体中掉出。 [0113] the presence of spherical particles having a large drawback: a spherical circumferential significantly reduced during the disintegration of spherical particles, and then fall out from the base antifouling coating. 同样适用于固体含铜片晶。 The same applies to the solid copper-containing platelets. 因此，大部分铜或铜化合物不能用于保护例如船身以防结垢，而是消失并污染水。 Thus, most of copper or a copper compound, for example, can not be used to protect the hull against fouling, but disappear and contaminated water.
[0114] 本发明效果颜料具有含铜可消耗层。 [0114] The present invention has the effect pigments of copper-containing layer may be consumed. 在含铜可消耗层解体或消耗以前，本发明效果颜料由于其尺寸而不从防污层中溶解出来。 In the copper-containing layer may be consumed or consumed before the disintegration, effect pigments of the present invention because of their size does not dissolve out from the antifouling layer. 在含铜可消耗层解体以后，如果合适的话，环境有害的片形基质从防污层的基体中掉出，而不产生对水的污染。 After the dissolution of copper-containing layer may be consumed, if appropriate, the sheet-shaped substrate harmful to the environment from falling out from the base of the antifouling layer, without causing water pollution. 由于片形非金属基质具有不能通过水降低的最小尺寸，片形基质未必从本发明效果颜料嵌入的基体中掉出。 Since the non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate having a minimum size can not be lowered through the water, the sheet-shaped substrate may not fall out of the effect pigments of the invention embedded in the matrix. 本发明效果颜料因此在含铜可消耗层解体以后还至少部分地赋予屏障效应。 Accordingly effect pigments of the present invention after the dissolution of copper-containing layer may be further at least partially consumed impart barrier effect.
[0115] 术语含铜涂层和含铜可消耗层可互换地使用。 [0115] The term copper and copper-containing coating layer may be used interchangeably consumption.
[0116] 使用本发明效果颜料的另一优点是，不同于球形颗粒，表面在解体过程期间保持几乎恒定。 [0116] Another advantage of using the effect of the present invention, the pigment is different from the spherical particles, the surface remains almost constant during the dissolution process. 因此，本发明效果颜料容许设置关于铜离子释放的基本恒定的动力学。 Therefore, effect pigments of the present invention allows a substantially constant provided on the kinetics of release of copper ions. 用球形颗粒或固体含铜片晶，解体产生表面积的降低，这就是为何恒定的铜离子释放是不可能的。 Or solid spherical particles with a copper-containing platelets, dissolution and decrease surface area, which is why a constant copper ion release is not possible. 就提供具有基本限定的铜离子释放和使用持续时间的抗污涂层，本发明远胜过常规球形铜颗粒或固体铜片晶。 Provides substantially defined antifouling coating having a copper ion release and duration of use, the present invention is far better than conventional spherical solid particles of copper or copper crystals.
[0117]因此，本发明抗污涂层产生，优选耐久的，屏障效应和必要的本发明效果颜料的含铜层与周围海水的接触。 [0117] Accordingly, the present invention results in antifouling coatings, preferably durable, and the necessary barrier effect of the effect of the invention in contact with a copper-containing layer and the pigment of the surrounding seawater.
[0118] 为使本发明效果颜料的抑污性能成熟，它们必须具有围绕它们的海水洗涤，以便能够从含铜涂层中释放铜离子。 [0118] The effects of the present invention, the pigment dirt mature suppressing properties, they must be washed with water around them, in order to be able to release copper ions from the copper-containing coating. 嵌入抗污涂层中的本发明效果颜料连续地具有围绕它们的海水洗涤，因此，铜离子总是从含铜涂层中释放，并且例如保持船身以防集群生长。 Insertion Effect pigments of the invention in antifouling coating having successively washed with water around them, thus, the release of copper ions from the copper coating is always, for example, to maintain the hull to prevent the growth of clusters. 同时，本发明效果颜料的片形结构防止海水太快地渗入抗污涂层中。 Meanwhile, platelet-shaped effect pigments of the present invention, the structure prevents water penetration antifouling coating too quickly.
[0119]除本发明效果颜料的屏障效应外，涂覆的片形非金属基质提供与球形颗粒相比的其它优点，例如基质涂层的化学组成和/或厚度可根据各抗污涂层的要求选择这一事实。 [0119] In addition to the barrier effect of the effect pigments of the present invention, the coated non-metallic platelet-shaped matrix provides other advantages as compared with spherical particles, such as chemical composition of the matrix coating and / or thickness of each of the antifouling coating according to We asked to choose this fact. 在例如通过磨损非常快地在其表面上暴露本发明效果颜料的抗污涂料的情况下，例如具有非常小的含铜覆盖率的本发明颜料可能是想要的。 In the case of effect pigments, for example, exposing the antifouling coating of the present invention on the surface very quickly by abrasion, for example with very little coverage of the copper-containing pigment of the present invention may be desirable. 同时，特征是对抗污损有机体的高效率的颜料可通过基质涂层的类型选择。 At the same time, wherein the pigment is efficient against fouling organisms can be obtained by selection of the type of matrix coating. 除上述优点外，主要负责屏障效应的片形非金属基质和可取决于各抗污涂层要求选择的抑污基质涂层的这一独特组合使得相应效果颜料在抗污涂料中的使用是非常有吸引力的。 In addition to these advantages, primarily responsible for the barrier effect of the non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate and each of the antifouling coating may depend on the requirements of the selected unique combination of inhibiting fouling makes the use of appropriate matrix coating the antifouling coating effect pigments is very Attractive.
[0120] 此外，本发明效果颜料具有常规珠光颜料的典型性能，即透明性，以及取决于含铜涂层，深光泽。 Typical Properties [0120] Further, the present invention has the effect pigments of the conventional pearlescent pigment, i.e. the transparency, and on the copper coating, deep gloss. 包含本发明效果颜料的抗污涂层未必需要具有颜料的色调，而是可存在于船的所需油漆工件的油漆中。 Antifouling coatings comprising effect pigments of the invention need not necessarily have a tone of the pigment, but may be present in the paint required for member ship of the painter. 这特别在航行或游艇领域中是有意义的，其中未必想要棕红色或暗色防污油漆，而是优选浅色油漆。 This is particularly significant in the field of sailing or yacht, which does not necessarily want to brown or dark red antifouling paints, but preferably light-colored paint. 本发明效果颜料可存在于与其它色彩和/或效果颜料混合的抗污涂料中，因此赋予例如船的油漆件的光学外观更加有吸引力的设计。 Effect pigments of the present invention may be present in a mixture with other color and / or effect pigments in the antifouling coating, thus giving the appearance of a paint such as an optical member of the ship more attractive design. 这特别对有时还位于吃水线以上的船部件而言可能是有意义的。 This is especially for ship parts and sometimes located above the waterline may make sense.
[0121] 仅单独地基于成本，要确保抗污涂层尽可能长的使用寿命。 [0121] based on the cost of only a single, antifouling coatings to ensure the longest possible service life. 首先，抑污层尽可能长时期地起作用，并防止船通过结垢提高重量。 Firstly, dirt suppressing layer functioning as long, and to prevent fouling of the ship by the weight increase. 其次，尽可能少地需要抗污涂层的更新，以避免船的成本密集的空闲时间。 Secondly, as little as possible to update the anti-fouling coatings, in order to avoid cost-intensive ship free time. 几年中有效的抗污涂层因此是理想的。 Years effective antifouling coating which is preferable. 然而，除用于抗污涂层中的颜料以及任选充当杀生物剂的其它组分外，大量其它因素在这里起作用。 However, except for the antifouling coating pigments and optionally other components to act as a biocide components, a number of other factors play a role here. 仅举几个例子，此处提到抗污涂层的类型、船的行进速度、空闲时间、海水的温度和组成。 To name a few, antifouling coatings of the type mentioned herein, the traveling speed of the ship, idle time, temperature and composition of seawater. 仅举几个例子，这些因素显示抗污涂层应可适于各自的意欲用途。 To name a few, these factors should be adapted to show antifouling coating their intended use.
[0122] 本发明铜涂覆片形基质显示出对仅由元素铜、铜（I)或铜（II)氧化物组成的颗粒的更加环境友好的替代物。 [0122] The present invention is a copper coated sheet-shaped substrate particles exhibit a more environment only by elemental copper, copper (I) or copper (II) oxide is friendly alternative. 本发明效果颜料因此对环境友好抗污涂层作出重要贡献。 Effect pigments of the invention therefore make an important contribution to environmentally friendly anti-fouling coatings.
[0123] 所谓的吸油值可用作测定相同清漆体系中的着色水平的参数。 [0123] a so-called colored oil absorption value used as a parameter the same varnish system level Determination. 吸油值表示用于加工l〇〇g颜料以形成一致的油灰状材料的以g表示的油的量。 Oil absorption indicates the amount of processing used to form a uniform pigment l〇〇g putty-like material in g oil. 本发明效果颜料具有与近似球形氧化铜（I)颗粒相比更高的吸油值，因此可以以较低的着色水平使用而不削弱它们的抑污性能。 Effect pigments of the present invention has an approximately spherical copper oxide (I) compared to particles of higher oil absorption, it is possible to use lower levels of the colored without impairing their sewage suppressing properties.
[0124] 自磨体系如SPC或CDP的抗污涂层的层厚度连续地降低，因此，近似球形颜料不完全溶解。 [0124] The layer thickness of the autogenous grinding system antifouling coating SPC or CDP continuously decreases, therefore, approximately spherical pigments are not dissolved completely. 用包含本发明效果颜料的抗污涂料，由于片形基质，颜料厚度小得多。 With antifouling coating comprising effect pigments of the present invention, since the sheet-shaped base, much less the thickness of the pigment. 因此，本发明效果颜料的含铜涂层有利地通常比抗污涂层的膜收缩快得多地消耗。 Thus, the effect pigments of the invention advantageously copper coating typically consume than the antifouling coating film shrinks much faster. 不需要的被含铜涂层不必要污染因此是轻微的，因为优选仅生物有害基质从抗污涂层释放到海洋中。 Copper coated necessary unnecessary pollution is so slight, since preferably only biohazardous antifouling coating is released from the matrix into the sea.
[0125] 本发明效果颜料的片形结构具有与近似球形氧化铜颗粒相比大得多的表面积。 [0125] Effect pigment according to the present invention compared with the sheet-shaped structure having an approximately spherical copper oxide particles much larger surface area. 每本发明效果颜料较高的抑污活性表面积与此有关。 Each effect of the present invention, a high surface area pigment inhibitory activity with this sewage. 这具有这一结果:抗污涂料中较低的着色水平，即较低的本发明效果颜料浓度，具有与用近似球形氧化铜颗粒可能的相比相当或更好的抑污性能。 This has the result that: colored antifouling coating the lower level, i.e. lower pigment concentration effect of the present invention, having comparable properties may inhibiting fouling as compared with approximately spherical particles of copper oxide or better. 在常规抗污涂料中，必须使用相对于抗污涂层的总重量30-50重量％近似球形氧化铜颗粒以具有足够的抑污涂层。 In the conventional antifouling coating it must be used with respect to 30-50 wt% of the total weight of the antifouling coating nearly spherical particles having a copper oxide sufficient inhibiting fouling coatings. 通过使用本发明效果颜料，着色水平，即抗污涂层中的颜料含量，可降至相对于抗污涂层的总重量10-20重量％。 By using effect pigments, coloring levels present invention, i.e., the content of the pigment in the antifouling coating may be reduced relative to the total weight of the antifouling coating is 10-20 wt%.
[0126] 因此，如果将球形含铜颜料用本发明效果颜料取代，则本发明惊讶地使得可以ΙΟ-ΐ.5 的系数降低待加入抗污涂层中的抑污组分的含量，然而，其中保持或者优选改进对抗结垢的保护。 [0126] Thus, if the effects of the spherical copper-containing pigment of the present invention is substituted with a pigment, the invention surprisingly makes it possible to reduce the coefficient ΙΟ-ΐ.5 content to be added to suppress pollution antifouling coating composition, however, or preferably wherein the retention improved protection against fouling.
[0127] 本发明效果颜料具有含铜涂层。 [0127] Effects of the present invention, a pigment having a copper-containing coating. 该含铜涂层根据化学组成和量单独地适于各抗污涂层的需要，即可避免抗污涂层中不必要的大量含铜化合物。 The copper coating is individually adapted to the needs of the antifouling coatings according to the chemical composition and the amount can be avoided by antifouling coating unnecessarily large amount of copper-containing compound. 仅在施涂于非金属片形基质上的含铜涂层完全溶解以后，基质任选从抗污涂层中溶解出来，因此最后仅无毒基质进入海洋环境中。 After only applied to the copper coating on the sheet-shaped non-metal substrate was completely dissolved, optionally dissolved out from the matrix antifouling coating, so finally only in a non-toxic substrate into the marine environment.
[0128] 尽管包含本发明效果颜料的抗污涂层包含小得多的量的含铜化合物，实现用常规抗污涂料实现的相当抑污效果。 [0128] Although the antifouling coatings comprising effect pigments of the invention comprises a much smaller amount of copper compound, to achieve a considerable effect of suppressing fouling achieved with conventional antifouling coating. 当本发明效果颜料用于抗污涂料中时优异抑污效果的可能原因可能是理想地仅珠光颜料的基质从抗污涂层中溶解出来。 When possible causes excellent effect when dirt suppression effect of the present invention, the pigment may be used in antifouling coatings over only the substrate nacreous pigments are dissolved out of the stain-resistant coating.
[0129] 本发明效果颜料的另一优点是铜含量可借助含铜涂层的含量设置，因此可适于各自用途的抑污组分存在于抗污涂层中。 [0129] Another advantage of the effect pigments of the present invention is a copper content of copper content of the coating can be provided by, thus suppressing component may be adapted to the respective use of sewage present in the antifouling coating. 因此，不需要如ΕΡ 0 677 989 Β1所述加入其它Si02 层以控制铜离子的释放。 Thus, no such ΕΡ 0 677 989 Β1 the Si02 layer was further added to control the release of copper ions.
[0130] 根据本发明另一优选实施方案，本发明效果颜料不具有在含铜涂层上的金属氧化物层。 [0130] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, effect pigments of the present invention does not have a metal oxide layer on the copper coating. 因此，除任何有机化学表面改性外，含铜涂层是本发明效果颜料的最外无机层。 Thus, in addition to any organic chemical surface modification, a copper-containing coating is the outermost layer of the inorganic pigments effects of the present invention.
[0131] 在另一实施方案中，本发明因此涉及由合成或天然云母片晶和至少一层是或具有氯氧化铜的含铜涂层组成的效果颜料，其中效果颜料的平均粒度D5Q为大于5μπι，效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为3-70重量％，且定义为铜含量[重量％]与根据BET的比表面积[m 2/g]的商的效果颜料的比铜表面积： [0131] In another embodiment, the present invention therefore relates to effect pigments synthetic or natural mica platelets and at least one layer is a coating having a copper or copper oxychloride composition, wherein the average particle size is larger than the effect pigments D5Q 5μπι, effect pigments copper content relative to the total weight of the effect pigment is 3-70 wt%, and is defined as the copper content [wt%] of copper ratio of the pigment according to the BET specific surface area [m 2 / g] of the quotient of the effect surface area:
[0133] 为小于60重量％ · g · πΓ2,且其中含铜涂层可任选为表面改性的。 [0133] less than 60 wt% · g · πΓ2, wherein the copper-containing coating and may optionally be surface-modified.
[0134] 在另一实施方案中，本发明涉及由非金属片形基质和任选覆盖有表面改性的至少一层含铜涂层组成的效果颜料，其中效果颜料的氯含量为>0.1重量％，优选>0.3重量％，特别优选>1.0重量％，非常特别优选>2.0重量％，每种情况下相对于效果颜料的总重量。 [0134] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a non-metallic sheet-shaped copper-containing matrix and optionally at least one layer of the coating composition has a surface-modified effect pigment is covered, wherein the chlorine content of the effect pigment is> 0.1 wt. %, preferably> 0.3 wt.%, particularly preferably> 1.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably> 2.0 wt.%, in each case relative to the total weight of the effect pigment.
[0135] 在另一实施方案中，本发明涉及由合成或天然云母片晶和至少一层是或具有氯氧化铜的含铜涂层以及任选表面改性的效果颜料，效果颜料的氯含量为>1.0重量％，优选>2 重量％，每种情况下相对于效果颜料的总重量。 [0135] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to synthetic or natural mica platelets and at least one layer is a coating having a copper or copper oxychloride and optionally surface-modified effect pigments, effect pigments chlorine content of> 1.0% by weight, preferably> 2% by weight, of the total weight of the effect pigment in each case relative.
[0136] 在另一实施方案中，本发明涉及由非金属片形基质和至少一层一般经验式⑴的含铜涂层组成的效果颜料，其中含铜涂层为表面改性的。 [0136] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a non-metallic effect pigments are platelet-shaped substrate and at least one general empirical formula ⑴ copper-containing coating composition, wherein the coating is a copper-containing surface-modified.
[0137] 在另一实施方案中，本发明涉及由合成或天然云母片晶和具有或是金属铜、具有或是铜（I)氧化物/氢氧化物、具有或是铜（Π )氧化物/氢氧化物或其混合物的含铜涂层组成的效果颜料。 [0137] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to synthetic or natural mica platelets and having a metal or copper, or having copper (I) oxide / hydroxide, or having copper ([pi) oxide effect pigment / copper hydroxide or the coating mixture thereof.
[0138] 当然，包含本发明效果颜料的抗污涂层不仅可施涂于所有种类的船上，而且可施涂于可与淡水、盐水或微咸水接触的任何表面如浮标、渔网、梯子、桥、起重机、石油钻机、潮闸、水闸、离岸风轮机或防波堤上。 [0138] Of course, antifouling coatings comprising effect pigments of the invention can not only be applied to all kinds of ships, but also may be applied to any surface such as buoys, fishing nets, the ladder may be in contact with fresh water, salt water or brackish water, bridges, cranes, oil rigs, tidal gates, locks, breakwaters or offshore wind turbines on.
[0139] 然而，本发明效果颜料也可用于下面仅作为实例列出的许多其它应用：具有抗微生物或杀真菌作用的塑料、照明开关、墙漆、楼梯扶手、涂料、粉末涂料、织物、膜、包装膜和温室膜、木材防腐、印刷油墨、屋瓦、搪瓷。 [0139] However, the effect pigments of the present invention may also be used in the following examples only as many other applications are listed: antimicrobial or fungicidal plastic, light switches, wall paint, banisters, coatings, powder coatings, fabrics, films , greenhouse films and packaging films, wood preservation, printing inks, roof tiles, enamel.
[0140] 在另一实施方案中，本发明涉及本发明效果颜料在墙漆中的用途。 [0140] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of effect pigments in the paint of the present invention.
[0Μ1] 在另一实施方案中，本发明涉及包含本发明效果颜料的墙漆。 [0Μ1] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a wall paint containing effect pigments of the present invention.
[0142] 以下实施例更详细地描述本发明而不限制它。 The present invention will be described [0142] The following examples in more detail without limiting it. 所有百分数应当理解为重量％。 All percentages are to be understood as% by weight.
[0143] I包含片形非金属基质和含铜涂层的效果颜料的制备 Preparing effect pigments comprising platelet-shaped I and non-metallic substrates coated copper [0143]
[0145] 将300g的根据MALVERN Mastersizer 2000具有粒度分布：Di〇=18ym，D5() = 38ym， D90 = 70ym的白云母悬浮于4000ml DM水(DM=软化）中并加热至60°C，同时搅拌。 [0145] 300g of having a MALVERN Mastersizer 2000 according to the particle size distribution: Di〇 = 18ym, D5 () = 38ym, D90 = 70ym muscovite was suspended in water 4000ml DM (DM = softens) and heated to 60 ° C, while stir. 用5重量％ NaOH溶液将pH提高至10，并将悬浮液搅拌15分钟。 With 5 wt% NaOH solution to raise the pH to 10, and the suspension was stirred for 15 minutes. 然后将1500ml的12重量％氯化铜溶液计量加入悬浮液中。 Then metered 1500ml of 12% by weight cupric chloride solution added to the suspension. 通过用碱液反作用而将pH保持恒定在pH 10。 By reaction with lye, the pH is kept constant at pH 10. 计量加入结束以后搅拌200 分钟并过滤，将滤饼用DM水(软化水)洗涤。 After stirring for 200 minutes metered addition was complete and filtered, the filter cake was washed with DM water (demineralized water). 将滤饼在不存在空气下在50°C下干燥。 The filter cake was dried at 50 ° C for in the absence of air.
[0146] 所得效果颜料具有红棕色色调以及D1Q = 22ym，D5Q = 44ym和D9Q = 75ym的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)。 [0146] The resulting pigment has the effect of red-brown hue and D1Q = 22ym, D5Q = 44ym and D9Q = particle size distribution (Cilas 1064) 75ym of. 该效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为24重量％。 The copper content of the effect pigment relative to the total weight of the effect pigment is 24 wt%. 含铜涂层主要以无定形形式存在并且不容许借助RDF (X射线结构分析）进行谱带分析（banding analysis)〇 Copper coating is mainly in amorphous form and not allowed (X-ray structural analysis) The analysis of bands (banding analysis) square by RDF
[0148] 将来自实施例1的一部分效果颜料在回转窑中在不存在氧气下在400 °C下煅烧3小时，然后储存在惰性气体气氛下。 [0148] The effect pigment part from the embodiment of Example 1 in a rotary kiln calcined under oxygen at 400 ° C 3 hours does not exist, and then stored under an inert gas atmosphere.
[0149] 所得效果颜料具有红棕色色调以及D1Q = 21ym，D5Q = 42ym和D9Q = 69ym的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)。 [0149] The resulting pigment has the effect of red-brown hue and D1Q = 21ym, D5Q = 42ym D9Q = 69ym and a particle size distribution (Cilas 1064). 该效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为24重量％。 The copper content of the effect pigment relative to the total weight of the effect pigment is 24 wt%. 含铜涂层的主要组分由氧化铜（II) (CuO)组成。 The main component of copper coated by copper (II) oxide (CuO) composition. 另外，也可检测到一部分氧化铜（I)。 Further, a portion of the copper oxide can be detected (I).
[0150] 实施例3 [0150] Example 3
[0151] 将来自实施例1的一部分效果颜料在回转窑中在还原条件下在400°C下煅烧3小时，然后储存在惰性气体气氛下。 [0151] from the embodiment of a portion of the effect pigment of Example 1 was calcined in a rotary kiln under reducing conditions at 400 ° C 3 hours and then stored under an inert gas atmosphere.
[0152] 所得效果颜料具有微红色色调以及01()=19以111，05() = 39以111和09() = 77以111的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)。 [0152] The resulting pigment has the effect of a reddish hue, and 01 () = 19 to 111,05 () = 39 to 111 and 09 () = 77 to 111 particle size distribution (Cilas 1064). 该效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为25重量％。 The copper content of the effect pigment relative to the total weight of the effect pigment is 25 wt%. 含铜涂层的主要组分由金属铜组成。 The main component of copper metal copper coating. 另外，也可检测到一部分氧化铜（II)。 Further, the detected part may be a copper oxide (II).
[0154] 将300g的根据MALVERN Mastersizer 2000具有粒度分布：Di〇=18ym，D5() = 38ym， D90 = 70ym的白云母悬浮于4000ml DM水中并加热至90°C，同时搅拌。 [0154] 300g of having a MALVERN Mastersizer 2000 according to the particle size distribution: Di〇 = 18ym, D5 () = 38ym, D90 = 70ym muscovite suspended in 4000ml DM water and heated to 90 ° C, while stirring. 用5重量％NaOH溶液将pH提高至9.0并将悬浮液搅拌15分钟。 With 5 wt% NaOH solution to raise the pH to 9.0 and the suspension was stirred for 15 minutes. 然后将1650ml的20重量％氯化铜溶液计量加入悬浮液中。 Then 20% by weight 1650ml metering cupric chloride solution added to the suspension. 通过用碱液反作用而将pH保持恒定在pH 9.0。 By reaction with lye, the pH is kept constant at pH 9.0. 计量加入结束以后是搅拌300分钟并过滤，并将滤饼用DM水洗涤。 After the end of the metered addition is stirred for 300 minutes and filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DM water. 将滤饼在50 °C下干燥。 The filter cake was dried at 50 ° C and.
[0155] 所得效果颜料具有深棕色色调以及01()=18以111，05() = 4(^111和09() = 79以111的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)。该效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为24重量％。含铜涂层主要以无定形形式存在并且不容许借助RDF谱带分析。 [0155] The resulting pigment has the effect of a dark brown hue and 01 () = 18 to 111,05 () = 4 (111 and 09 ^ () = 79 to 111 of particle size distribution (Cilas 1064). The effect pigments relative copper content the total weight of the effect pigment to 24 wt% copper coating is present mainly in the amorphous form and does not allow analysis of bands by RDF.
[0157] 将来自实施例4的一部分效果颜料在回转窑中在400 °C下煅烧3小时。 [0157] A portion of the effect pigments calcined at 400 ° C for 3 hours in a rotary kiln from Example 4.
[0158] 所得效果颜料具有黑色色调以及Dio = 19以111，〇5() = 4(^1]1和〇9() = 66以1]1的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)。该效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为29重量％。含铜涂层的主要组分由氧化铜（II) (CuO)组成。另外，还可检测到小部分氯氧化铜。 [0158] The resulting effect pigments having a black hue, and Dio = 19 to 111, 〇5 () = 4 (^ 1] and 〇9 1 () particle size = 66 to 1] 1 distribution (Cilas 1064). The effect pigments with respect to the total weight of the copper content of the effect pigment is 29 wt% copper coating is a main component of a copper (II) oxide (CuO) composition. Further, the small portion may also detect copper oxychloride.
[0160] 将555g的21重量％氯化铜溶液放入3升平法兰盘反应容器中并加入2000g的18重量％碱性罗谢尔盐溶液，同时搅拌。 [0160] 555g of the 21 wt% copper chloride solution was placed in the flange 3 and dances reaction vessel and added 18 wt% Rochelle salt solution alkaline 2000g while stirring. 然后随着搅拌按份加入1 0 0 g的根据MALVERN 1&18七618丨261 2000具有粒度分布:〇1()=18以111，〇5() = 38以111，〇9() = 7(^1]1的白云母并将悬浮液加热至60°C。在该温度下加入溶于230ml DM水中的70g D-(+)_葡萄糖。在反应结束以后，将悬浮液滤出并用DM水洗涤直至中性。 Then added portionwise with stirring 1 0 0 g according MALVERN 1 & 18 seven 618 having a particle size distribution Shu 2612000: 〇1 () = 18 to 111, 〇5 () = 38 to 111, 〇9 () = 7 (^ 1] 1 muscovite and the suspension was heated to 60 ° C, dissolved in 230 ml of DM water at the temperature 70g D -. (+) _ glucose after completion of the reaction, the suspension was filtered off and washed with DM water until neutral.
[0161] 将因此所得滤饼在干燥箱中在不存在空气下在50°C下干燥，将所得效果颜料储存在惰性气体气氛下。 [0161] The thus obtained cake in a drying cabinet in the absence of air at 50 ° C and was dried, the resultant effect pigments stored under an inert gas atmosphere.
[0162] 所得效果颜料具有红色色调以及D1Q = 20ym，D5Q = 42ym和D9Q = 81ym的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)。 [0162] The resulting effect pigment having a red hue and D1Q = 20ym, D5Q = 42ym D9Q = 81ym and a particle size distribution (Cilas 1064). 该效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为30重量％。 The copper content of the effect pigment relative to the total weight of the effect pigment is 30 wt%. 含铜涂层的主要组分由金属铜组成。 The main component of copper metal copper coating. 另外，还可检测到一部分氧化铜（II)。 Further, the detected part may be a copper oxide (II).
[0163] 实施例7 [0163] Example 7
[0164] 将300g的根据MALVERN Mastersizer 2000具有粒度分布：Di〇=18ym，D5() = 38ym， D90 = 70μπι的白云母悬浮于4000ml DM水中并加热至60°C，同时搅拌。 [0164] 300g of having a MALVERN Mastersizer 2000 according to the particle size distribution: Di〇 = 18ym, D5 () = 38ym, D90 = 70μπι muscovite suspended in 4000ml DM water and heated to 60 ° C, while stirring. 将pH用5重量％盐酸溶液设置为7.5并将悬浮液搅拌60分钟。 The pH was 5 wt% hydrochloric acid solution is set to 7.5 and the suspension was stirred for 60 minutes. 然后将1500ml的12重量％氯化铜溶液计量加入悬浮液中。 Then metered 1500ml of 12% by weight cupric chloride solution added to the suspension. 通过用相应的碱液反作用而将pH保持恒定在pH 7.5。 By reaction with the corresponding alkali the pH is kept constant at pH 7.5. 计量加入结束以后是搅拌200分钟并过滤，并将滤饼用DM水洗涤。 After the end of the metered addition is stirred for 200 minutes and filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DM water. 将滤饼在不存在空气下在50 °C下干燥。 The filter cake was dried at 50 ° C for in the absence of air.
[0165] 所得效果颜料具有浅绿色色调以及01() = 7以111，05() = 45以111和09() = 88以111的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)。 [0165] The resulting effect pigments have a greenish hue, and 01 () = 111,05 7 () and 09 = 45 to 111 () = 88 to 111 particle size distribution (Cilas 1064). 该效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为23重量％。 The copper content of the effect pigment relative to the total weight of the effect pigment is 23 wt%. 含铜涂层的主要组分由氯氧化铜组成。 The main component of the copper coating of copper oxychloride.
[0166] 实施例8 [0166] Example 8
[0167] 将l〇〇g的根据MALVERN Mastersizer 2000具有粒度分布：DiQ=18ym，D5Q = 38ym， D90 = 70μπι的白云母悬浮于1200ml DM水中并加热至60 °C，同时搅拌。 [0167] The l〇〇g according MALVERN Mastersizer 2000 particle size distribution having: DiQ = 18ym, D5Q = 38ym, D90 = 70μπι muscovite suspended in 1200ml DM water and heated to 60 ° C, while stirring. 用5重量％NaOH溶液将pH设置为8.5并将悬浮液搅拌15分钟。 With 5 wt% NaOH solution to pH 8.5 and the suspension was stirred for 15 minutes. 然后将其中已加入0.3摩尔ZnCl2的600ml的10重量％ 氯化铜溶液计量加入悬浮液中。 Then 10 wherein the weight has been added 600ml of 0.3 molar% of ZnCl2 metering cupric chloride solution added to the suspension. 通过用相应碱液反作用而将pH保持恒定为pH 8.5。 The pH was kept constant at pH 8.5 by reaction with the appropriate alkali. 计量加入结束以后是搅拌200分钟并过滤，并将滤饼用DM水洗涤。 After the end of the metered addition is stirred for 200 minutes and filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DM water. 将滤饼在不存在空气下在150°C 下干燥。 The filter cake in the absence of air dried at 150 ° C.
[0168] 所得效果颜料具有浅蓝色色调以及01() = 6以111，05() = 43以111和09() = 87以111的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)。 [0168] The resulting pigment has the effect of 01 and bluish hue () = 111,05 6 () = 43 to 111 and 09 () = 87 to 111 particle size distribution (Cilas 1064). 该效果颜料的铜含量和氧化锌含量分别为19重量％和12重量％，每种情况下相对于效果颜料的总重量。 The effect pigments of copper content and zinc oxide content of 19 wt% and 12 wt%, respectively, in each case relative to the total weight of the effect pigment. 含铜涂层的主要组分可检测为含锌氯氧化铜，其中根据XRF(X 射线荧光)分析的氧化锌含量(ZnO)为11.5重量％。 The main component of copper may be detected as a coating of zinc oxide, copper chloride, wherein the amount of zinc oxide according XRF (X ray fluorescence) analysis (ZnO) of 11.5 wt%.
[0169] 实施例9 [0169] Example 9
[0170] 将50g的来自实施例7的效果颜料用10g的油酸在乙酸乙酯中的10重量％溶液手动地糊化并很好地均化。 [0170] The results from Example 7 50g 10g of oleic acid and the pigment is well homogenized in 10 wt% ethyl acetate solution of gelatinized manually. 将所得糊在真空干燥箱中在80°C下干燥。 The resulting paste was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C.
[0171] 对比例1 [0171] Comparative Example 1
[0172] 将100g的来自实施例2的效果颜料悬浮于1500ml DM水并加热至60°C，同时搅拌。 [0172] 100g of effect pigments from Example 2 was suspended in 1500ml DM water and heated to 60 ° C, while stirring. 用5重量％Na0H溶液将悬浮液的pH提高至7.5,并进行搅拌15分钟。 With 5 wt% Na0H solution pH of the suspension was raised to 7.5, and stirred for 15 minutes. 然后将水玻璃溶液(76.5g水玻璃溶液，20重量％ Si02，与104g DM水混合)缓慢地引入悬浮液中并将pH保持恒定在pH 7.5。 Then waterglass solution (76.5 g sodium silicate solution, 20 wt.% Si02, water mixed with 104g DM) was slowly introduced into the suspension and the pH was kept constant at pH 7.5.
[0173] 这之后搅拌另外15分钟并过滤，并将滤饼用DM水洗涤。 [0173] After this was stirred for an additional 15 minutes and filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DM water. 将滤饼在惰性气体气氛下在130°C下干燥，并在不存在空气下储存。 The filter cake in an inert gas atmosphere, dried at 130 ° C and storage at the absence of air.
[0174] 所得效果颜料具有红棕色色调以及D1Q = 20ym，D5Q = 42ym和D9Q = 81ym的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)。 [0174] The resulting pigment has the effect of red-brown hue and D1Q = 20ym, D5Q = 42ym D9Q = 81ym and a particle size distribution (Cilas 1064). 该效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为21重量％。 The copper content of the effect pigment relative to the total weight of the effect pigment is 21 wt%.
[0175] 对比例2 [0175] Comparative Example 2
[0176] 具有相对于颜料的总重量88重量％的铜含量以及Dio = 1. lym，D5() = 4.0ym和Dg〇= 6·6μηι的粒度分布(Cilas 1064)的氧化二铜（来自Spiess Urania，Hamburg)。 [0176] having a copper oxide relative to the total weight of the pigment content of 88% by weight copper and Dio = 1. lym, D5 () = 4.0ym and Dg〇 = 6 · 6μηι size distribution of (Cilas 1064) (from Spiess Urania, Hamburg).
[0177] 对比例3 [0177] Comparative Example 3
[0178] 具有相对于颜料总重量94重量％的铜含量且具有Di〇=19ym，D5〇= 45yn^PID9() = 82y m的粒度分布（Cilas 1064)的金属铜颜料STANDART Resist LT (来自Eckart GmbH，GU ntersthal) 〇 [0178] with respect to a copper content of 94 wt% of the total weight of the pigment and having Di〇 = 19ym, D5〇 = 45yn ^ PID9 () = 82y m particle size distribution (Cilas 1064) of the metallic copper pigments STANDART Resist LT (from Eckart GmbH, GU ntersthal) billion
[0179] 对比例4 [0179] Comparative Example 4
[0180] 具有相对于颜料总重量99重量％的铜含量以及Di〇= 19ym，D5〇= 40yn^PID9() = 72ym 的粒度分布（Cilas 1064)的金属铜颜料STANDART L 900 (来自Eckart GmbH，GU ntersthal) 〇 [0180] with respect to the total weight of the pigment content of 99% by weight copper and metallic copper pigments Di〇 = 19ym STANDART L 900, D5〇 = 40yn ^ PID9 () = 72ym particle size distribution (Cilas 1064) (from Eckart GmbH, GU ntersthal) billion
[0181] 对比例5 [0181] Comparative Example 5
[0182] 具有相对于颜料总重量96重量％的铜含量以及Di〇= 8ym，D5〇=19yn^PD9() = 35yn^ 粒度分布（Cilas 1064)的氧化染色金青铜颜料STANDART E900 (来自Eckart GmbH，GU ntersthal) 〇 [0182] with respect to the total weight of the pigment content of 96% by weight of copper and Di〇 = 8ym, D5〇 = 19yn ^ oxidation dyeing gold bronze pigments STANDART E900 PD9 () = 35yn ^ size distribution (Cilas 1064) (from Eckart GmbH , GU ntersthal) billion
[0183] II效果颜料的表征 [0183] Characterization of effect pigments II
[0184] Ila粒度测量 [0184] Ila size measurement
[0185] 本发明效果颜料和对比例的颜料的粒度分布曲线使用来自Quan tachrome的装置(Cilas 1064)根据厂商使用说明测量。 [0185] Effect pigment particle size distribution curve of the present invention and comparative pigment using a device (Cilas 1064) from Quan tachrome measured according to the manufacturer instructions. 为此，将约1.5g的各颜料悬浮于100ml异丙醇中，在超声浴中处理300秒，然后通过Pasteur移液管放入测量装置的试样制备池中并测量几次。 For this purpose, each about 1.5g pigment suspended in 100ml of isopropanol, treated in an ultrasonic bath for 300 seconds and then pipetted into the cell prepared by Pasteur specimen measurement device and measuring times. 由各测量结果形成平均值。 Formed by the average of the measurement results. 散射光信号根据Fraunhofer方法评估。 The Fraunhofer scattered light signal evaluation method.
[0186] 片形非金属基质的粒度分布曲线使用来自Malvern的装置(Mastersizer 2000)根据厂商使用说明测定。 Particle size distribution curve [0186] non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate using apparatus from Malvern (Mastersizer 2000) was measured according to the manufacturer instructions using. 为此，将约O.lg相应基质作为含水悬浮液而不加入分散助剂地通过Pasteur移液管放入测量装置的试样制备池中，同时不断地搅拌，并测量几次。 For this purpose, approximately O.lg respective matrix as an aqueous suspension without added through a Pasteur pipette into the measuring device dispersing aids prepared sample pool while continuously stirring, and several measurements. 由单独的测量结果形成平均值。 Formed from individual measurements averaged. 散射光信号根据Fraunhofer方法评估。 The Fraunhofer scattered light signal evaluation method.
[0187] 平均粒度D5q在本发明范围内意指体积平均粒度分布函数的累积频率分布的D50 值，如通过激光衍射方法所得到。 [0187] The average particle size D5q within the scope of the present invention means a volume cumulative frequency distribution value D50 average particle size distribution function, as obtained by laser diffraction method. D5Q值表示50 %的效果颜料或片形非金属基质具有等于或小于所述值，例如20μπι，的直径。 D5Q value represents 50% of the non-metallic effect pigment or sheet-shaped matrix having a value equal to or less than the, e.g. 20μπι, diameter. 相应地，D9Q值表示90 %的效果颜料或片形非金属基质具有等于或小于各自值的直径。 Accordingly, D9Q value represents 90% of the non-metallic effect pigment or sheet-shaped substrate having a diameter equal to or smaller than the respective values. 此外，D1Q值表示10%的效果颜料或片形非金属基质具有等于或小于各自值的直径。 Further, D1Q value represents 10% of the non-metallic effect pigment or sheet-shaped substrate having a diameter equal to or smaller than the respective values.
[0188] lib扫描电子显微镜照片 [0188] lib scanning electron micrograph
[0189] 本发明效果颜料和对比例的颜料的平均厚度借助扫描电子显微镜照片使用Supra 35扫描电子显微镜（来自Zeiss)测定。 [0189] Advantages of the present invention and the average thickness of the pigment to pigment ratio by scanning electron micrograph using Supra 35 scanning electron microscope (from Zeiss) assay. 为此，将常用于电子显微镜法的树脂如TEMPFIX (Gerhard Neubauer Chemikalien)施涂于试样板上并在热台上加热直至它软化。 For this purpose, the commonly used resins such as electron microscopy TEMPFIX (Gerhard Neubauer Chemikalien) is applied to the sample plate and heated on a hot plate until it softens. 然后将试样板从热台取下并将各颜料分散在软化的树脂上。 The template is then removed and the sample on each pigment dispersion softened resin from the hot plate. 在树脂冷却以后，各颜料几乎垂直地固定于树脂中。 After the resin is cooled, almost vertically fixed to each pigment in the resin. 在扫描电子测量期间，在根据h = hme3as/C〇Sa的厚度评估期间估计并考虑固定在树脂中的颜料相对于垂直于表面的平面的方位角a。 During scanning electronic measuring, during the evaluation of the thickness h = hme3as / C〇Sa estimated and considered a pigment in the resin is fixed relative to the azimuth plane perpendicular to the surface a. 为测定平均厚度h，使用本发明效果颜料或对比例的颜料的至少1 〇〇个颜料颗粒。 To determine the average thickness h, of the present invention is the use of effect pigments or pigment of Comparative Example 1 thousand and at least one pigment particle.
[0190]如果，由于本发明效果颜料的重量，它们的平均厚度h不能借助铺展值方法测定， 则平均厚度h使用扫描电子显微镜照片测定。 [0190] If, because the weight of effect pigments of the present invention, the average thickness h thereof could not be measured by spreading value method, the average thickness h was measured using a scanning electron microscope photograph.
[0191] lie铺展值/长径比 [0191] lie spread value / aspect ratio
[0192] 铺展值方法长期已知用于测定片形效果颜料的厚度。 [0192] The method of spreading value long been known for measuring the thickness of sheet-shaped effect pigments. DIN 55923给出了测定"叶浮"颜料的水覆盖(铺展)程度的说明。 DIN 55923 gives assay "leaf floating" pigment covered with water (spreading) the degree of FIG. 基于此，将本发明效果颜料和对比例的颜料分散于10%硬脂酸的异丙醇溶液中并搅拌15分钟。 Based on this, the effect pigments of the present invention and comparative pigment is dispersed in 10% isopropyl alcohol solution of stearic acid and stirred for 15 minutes. 然后通过过滤将它们与溶液分离并干燥。 They were then separated from the solution by filtration and dried. 通过该程序，硬脂酸吸附于各颜料上，这赋予它们"叶浮"性能。 By this procedure, each stearate adsorbed on the pigment, which gives them "floating leaf" performance.
[0193] 然后将在挥发性有机溶剂中这样处理的指定称重部分的颜料在储罐中的水面上。 [0193] Next will be specified in a volatile organic solvent thus treated pigment was weighed portion of the water in the tank. 颜料涂布于水面上并形成膜。 Pigment coated on a water surface and form a film. 通过用玻璃棒搅拌将它们分布以形成均匀的未破损膜。 By stirring them with a glass rod to form a uniform distribution of the film is not damaged. 然后通过两个直尺压缩膜直至它具有第一个褶皱。 The film is then compressed by the first two ruler until it has a pleat. 然后将膜再次松弛直至褶皱消失。 The film was then relaxed again until wrinkles disappear. 测量被膜覆盖的表面积并基于称重部分的颜料作为以cm 2/g (或者也以m2/g)表示的铺展值示出。 Measuring surface area covered with the film, and weighed based pigment part as in cm 2 / g (or also m2 / g) represented by the value of the spreading shown.
[0194] 在该方法中，假定颜料至少在膜的中心本身单独地彼此接连，因此颜料存在于单一"单层"中。 [0194] In this method, at least the pigment itself alone assume in succession to one another in the center of the film, and therefore the pigment present in a single "monolayer" in.
[0195] 表1:实施例和对比例的铺展值和长径比 [0195] Table 1: Example values ​​and spreading ratio and aspect ratio
[0197] 基于该铺展值，根据下式计算以nm表示的颜料的平均厚度h: [0197] Based on the spreading value, calculated in nm average thickness of the pigments according to h:
[0199] 其中p为被吸附有硬脂酸的颜料的物理真密度。 [0199] wherein p is physically adsorbed stearic true density of the pigment.
[0200] 密度在此处使用氦比重计(Multipycnometer，来自Quantachrome)测定。 [0200] As used herein, the density of helium pycnometer (Multipycnometer, from a Quantachrome) was measured. 该测量适于粉末以及多孔和不规则形状固体的准确密度测定。 The measurement accuracy adapted to a powder and densitometry of the porous and irregular shape of the solid. 此处，测定氦参比体积的压力损失，并由此得到关于试样体积的结论。 Here, the reference volume of helium measured pressure loss, and thus conclusions about the sample volume. 将这与称重部分的各重量关联。 These weighing section associated with the respective weight. 该密度取决于各颜料的铜含量。 The density depends on the copper content of each pigment. 对于实施例7,实验地测定3.Og/cm 2的密度。 For Example 7, experimentally measured 3.Og / cm 2 density. 该值用作计算所有本发明效果颜料的平均厚度和长径比的基础。 This value is used as a basis for calculation of the mean thickness of all effect pigments of the present invention, and aspect ratio. 为计算对比例2的长径比，6. Og/cm2的密度用作基础。 To calculate the aspect ratio of Comparative Example 2, 6. Og / cm2 of density is used as base.
[0201] 长径比定义为平均粒度D5Q与平均厚度h的比。 [0201] aspect ratio is defined as the average particle size D5Q than the average thickness h.
[0202] lid根据BET的比表面积的测定 [0202] lid BET specific surface area is determined according to the
[0203] 为测定根据BET的比表面积(装置:BELs〇rpmini II，来自BEL)，将本发明效果颜料和对比例的颜料在300°C下烘烤2小时，然后提供给通过液态氮进行的测定。 [0203] BET specific surface area is determined according to the (apparatus: BELs〇rpmini II, from BEL), the effect pigments of the present invention and comparative pigment baked for 2 hours at 300 ° C, and then supplied to the liquid nitrogen by Determination.
[0204] lie铜含量的测定 Determination of copper content lie [0204]
[0205] 本发明效果颜料和对比例的颜料的铜含量的碘滴定测量通过滴定法进行。 [0205] Effect pigment of the invention and comparative iodine titration pigment copper content by titration. 或者， 铜含量也可使用X射线荧光(XRF)分析测定。 Alternatively, the copper content may also be determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). 然而，铜含量优选通过滴定法测定。 However, the copper content is preferably determined by titration.
[0206] Ilf吸油值 [0206] Ilf oil absorption value
[0207] 吸油值表示用于加工100g颜料以形成一致的油灰状材料的以g表示的油的量。 [0207] represents the amount of oil absorption of the pigment used to form 100g processing consistent putty-like material in g oil. 该油量强烈取决于油并入的方式。 The fuel oil incorporated depends strongly on the way. 试验结果的分散范围因此是非常大的。 Thus the dispersion range of test results is very large. 当它们尽可能由同一检查员根据相同方法在彼此以后立即测定时仅是相当的。 When measured according to the same manner as they are by the same inspector immediately after each other only comparable. 为测定吸油值，将约2_5g颜料(准确地称出）糊化，同时在玻璃板上用刮勺加入测出量的亚麻子油，并由滴定管加入亚麻子油直至形成均匀、一致的油灰状材料。 To determine the oil absorption value, approximately 2_5g pigment (exactly weighed out) gelatinization, while adding the measured amount of the linseed oil with a spatula on a glass plate by burette Jia Ruya linseed oil until a uniform, consistent putty-like material. 该糊应能够刚好地分布而不具有裂纹或破裂，并且刚好粘附在板上。 The paste should just be able to be distributed without having a crack or break, and adhesion of the plate immediately. 计算对于l〇〇g颜料需要多少g亚麻子油(密度〇.93g/m 3)。 Calculate how much g linseed oil (density 〇.93g / m 3) needed for l〇〇g pigment.
[0209] 吸油值的对比显示本发明效果颜料具有比来自对比例2的近似球形颜料高得多的吸油值。 Comparative [0209] oil absorption effect pigments of the present invention is a display having an oil absorption value is much higher than from the comparative pigment 2 is approximately spherical. 通过额外的表面覆盖，如实施例9中，吸油值可极大地降低，这使得清漆中较高的颜料体积浓度成为可能。 Additional surface covered by, Example 9, can greatly reduce oil absorption as described, which makes the varnish higher pigment volume concentration as possible.
[0210] Ilg X射线荧光(XRF)分析 [0210] Ilg X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis
[0211] 本发明效果颜料以及对比例的颜料的金属氧化物含量，特别是氧化锌含量和氯含量通过X射线荧光(XRF)分析测定。 [0211] and the effect pigments of the present invention, an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Determination of the ratio of the metal oxide content of the pigment, in particular zinc oxide content and the chlorine content was determined by.
[0212] 为此，将各颜料并入四硼酸锂玻璃片中，固定在固体试样测量容器中并由此测量。 [0212] For this purpose, lithium tetraborate each pigment is incorporated in the glass, thereby fixing and measuring a solid sample measurement vessel. 来自Thermo Scientific的Advantix ARL装置用作测量装置。 Advantix ARL apparatus from Thermo Scientific used as a measuring device.
[0213] 表2:实施例和对比例的颜料的铜含量、比铜表面积、氯含量 [0213] Table 2: Comparative Examples and copper content of the pigment embodiments, specific copper surface area, chlorine content
[0216] Ilh X射线结构分析(RDF) [0216] Ilh X-ray structural analysis (RDF)
[0217] 本发明效果颜料的涂层的化学组成通过X射线结构分析测定。 Chemical coating effect pigments invention [0217] The present composition was measured by X-ray structural analysis.
[0218] II i不透明度/不透明度商的测定 [0218] II i measurement / opacity providers opacity
[0219] 本发明效果颜料和对比例的颜料的不透明度基于黑白不透明度图表(Byko Chart 2853，来自13}^631(11161'，66代七81^6(1，德国）上的清漆施涂测定。将各颜料以10重量％(相对于湿漆的总重量）的着色水平搅入常规硝基纤维素清漆（Dr. Renger Erco青铜化混合漆2615e;来自Morton)中。提供各颜料并用刷分散于清漆中。在刮刀刮涂装置上将完成的清漆以36μπι的湿膜厚度施涂于黑白不透明度图表上。 [0219] Effect pigment according to the present invention and comparative opacity pigment-based black and white opacity chart (Byko Chart 2853, from 13} ^ 631 (11,161 ', 81 ^ 6 66 substituting seven (1, varnish is applied on Germany) each assay pigment 10% by weight (with respect to the total weight of the wet paint) are stirred into a conventional horizontal colored nitrocellulose varnish (Dr. Renger Erco bronzing mixed paint 2615e; from Morton).. each pigment provided with brushes and dispersed in the varnish. completed doctor blading apparatus on a wet film thickness 36μπι varnish was applied to a black and white opacity chart.
[0220] 亮度值L*以相对于在45° (基于施涂于黑白不透明度图表的黑色背景和白色背景上的这些涂层）下照射的光的射出角110 °的测量几何，使用来自Byk Gardner的BYK-mac装置测量。 [0220] lightness value L * with respect to the 45 ° (based on black and white opacity is applied to these coatings on a black background and the white background of the graph) measured in the 110 ° angle of light emitted from the irradiation geometry, using from Byk means for measuring the BYK-mac gardner.
[0221] 通过不透明度商Dq，可测定颜料不透明度的测量值，其不取决于基质。 [0221] By List Dq opacity, opacity measurements can be determined a pigment, which does not depend on the substrate. 为此，计算黑白不透明度图表的黑色背景上的亮度值与白色背景上的亮度值的商： For this purpose, a black and white opacity commercially calculated luminance value on the luminance value of the black background and the white background of the chart:
[0222] 如果使用相同的清漆体系，则不透明度商容许不同效果颜料的不透明度彼此相比。 [0222] If the same varnish system, then the opacity providers allow different effect pigment opacity compared to each other.
[0223] 在以重量％表示的相同着色水平下，不透明度商Dq的值越接近1，相应颜料对观察者而言越不透明。 [0223] Under the same level of pigmentation in% by weight, the opacity value closer to 1 the commercially Dq, the corresponding pigment is opaque to the observer.
[0224] 表3:来自实施例/对比例的颜料的不透明度商 [0224] Table 3: from Example / Comparative commercially opacity pigment
[0226] 从表2中可以看出本发明效果颜料比常规铜或铜合金颜料(对比例3、4和5)透明得多。 [0226] As can be seen from Table 2 that the effect pigments of the invention than conventional copper or copper alloy is much more transparent pigments (Comparative Examples 3, 4 and 5).
[0227] II j光泽度测量 [0227] II j gloss measurements
[0228] 光泽度是直接反射的度量，并可使用Micro-Tri-Glos装置精确地表征。 [0228] Gloss is a measure of the direct reflection, and can be used to accurately characterize the Micro-Tri-Glos means. 因为提高的边缘散射和颜料不均匀性，更强散射试样应具有低光泽度。 Because improved pigment scattering and unevenness edge, the sample should have a low scattering more gloss.
[0229] 黑白不透明度图表上的清漆施涂使用来自Byk Gardner的Micro-Tri-Gloss光泽度测量装置在相对于垂线60°的测量角下测量。 [0229] Among the varnish applied on the opacity chart using Micro-Tri-Gloss Gloss apparatus from Byk Gardner measurement measured at a measurement angle with respect to the vertical of 60 °. 将各颜料搅入常规硝基纤维素清漆(Dr. Renger Erco青铜化混合漆2615e;来自Morton，相对于硝基纤维素清漆的总重量10重量％的着色水平）中。 Each pigment was stirred into conventional nitrocellulose varnish (Dr. Renger Erco bronzing mixed paint 2615e; total weight from Morton, with respect to nitrocellulose varnish 10% by weight of the coloring level) in. 将完成的清漆使用刮刀刮涂装置以36μπι的湿磨厚度施涂于黑白不透明度图表(Byko-Chart 2853,来自Byk-Gardner)上。 The finished varnish doctor blade means is applied to wet grinding thickness 36μπι Among opacity chart (Byko-Chart 2853, from Byk-Gardner) on.
[0230] 表4:在黑白不透明度图表的黑色背景上在60 °下测量的实施例和对比例颜料的光泽度值 [0230] Table 4: Example measurement and gloss values ​​of the ratio of the pigment in the black and white opacity chart on a black background at 60 °
[0233] 与对比例的铜或铜合金颜料相比，本发明效果颜料具有低得多的光泽度值。 [0233] Compared with the comparative copper or copper alloy pigments, effect pigments of the present invention has much lower gloss value. 这些效果颜料因此在施涂时不作为光泽颜料存在。 Therefore, when these effect pigments application does not exist as a luster pigment. 使用者由此得到提供多种色调，特别是甚至浅色调的消光色泽。 Whereby the user a variety of colors, particularly light extinction even the color tone of the light.
[0234] Ilk色泽一致性 [0234] Ilk color consistency
[0235] 为测定色泽一致性，将颜料并入根据施涂具体实施例1的松香树脂基抗污涂层中， 取代那里使用的根据实施例1的颜料。 The pigment of Example 1 [0235] To determine the color and consistency, the pigment is applied according to specific embodiments incorporating a rosin resin-based antifouling coating of Example 1, where the substituents used in accordance with embodiments. 表5中的着色水平相对于抗污涂层的总重量以重量％ 给出。 Table 5 Coloring level relative to the total weight of the antifouling coatings are given in wt%.
[0236] 所得着色抗污涂层通过HVLP喷枪(Sata Jet 3000,来自Sata)以200μπι的湿膜厚度施涂于铝板上。 [0236] The resulting antifouling coating is colored by an HVLP gun (Sata Jet 3000, from Sata) 200μπι wet film thickness applied on the aluminum plate. 在20°C和65%的相对大气湿度下储存1星期以后，将20cm 2的表面在50°C下经1星期时间连续以5重量％ NaCl溶液加载。 After storage for one week at 20 ° C and 65% relative atmospheric humidity, the surface of 20cm 2 over 1 weeks at 50 ° C for consecutive 5 wt% NaCl solution was loaded.
[0237] 在试验结束以后，未加载和加载表面的颜色测量使用Byk-mac装置（来自Byk Gardner)进行。 [0237] After the end of the test, and not loaded loading surface color measurement apparatus using the Byk-mac (from Byk Gardner) performed. 两个测量表面之间的色泽差作为不同角度下的AL*显示于表5中，其中未加载表面用作参比。 Color difference between two surfaces as measured at different angles AL * shown in Table 5, wherein the loading surface is not used as a reference.
[0238] 表5:色泽AL*的差 [0238] Table 5: Color difference AL *
[0240] D来自Sigma Coatings [0240] D from Sigma Coatings
[0241] III色强度 [0241] III color strength
[0242] 使用来自X-rite的X-rite色彩测量装置在黑色背景和白色背景上以25°、45°、75° 的测量角测量黑白不透明度图表(Byko Chart 2853，来自Byk-Gardner)上的清漆施涂。 [0242] Using X-rite color measurement device from X-rite measurement monochrome to measure the angle of 25 °, 45 °, 75 ° on a black background and the white background of an opacity chart (Byko Chart 2853, from Byk-Gardner) the varnish is applied. 将各颜料与白色色浆(Helio Beit UN 101;来自Bollig&Kemper)以相对于白色色浆总重量23 重量％的着色水平混合。 Each white pigment paste (Helio Beit UN 101; from Bollig & Kemper) relative to the total weight of the white colorant level of 23% by weight of the colored mixture. 将因此得到的色浆搅入常规金属效果基础清漆(Mipa混合漆;来自Mipa，相对于Mipa混合漆总重量的33重量％的着色水平）中。 The paste thus obtained is stirred into a conventional metallic base varnish (MIPA mixed paint; from Mipa, 33 wt% relative to the total weight of the mixed colored paint MIPA level) in. 使用刮刀刮涂装置将完成的清漆以100μπι的湿膜厚度施涂于黑白不透明度图表上。 Doctor blading apparatus using the completed wet film thickness 100μπι varnish was applied to a black and white opacity chart.
[0243] 表6a:白色背景上的色彩测量 [0243] Table 6a: measuring color on a white background
[0247] 与来自对比例2的颜料相比，可以清楚地看出来自实施例8的本发明效果颜料仅轻微地影响白色色浆的色泽。 [0247] Compared with the color from the pigment of Comparative Example 2, can be clearly seen from Example 8, the effect pigments of the invention is only slightly affect the white paste.
[0248] Ilm根据DIN EN ISO 15181的平均Cu洗出速率的测定 [0248] Ilm measured wash-out rate from the average of Cu DIN EN ISO 15181
[0249] 测量目的是评估铜离子从抗污涂层中的洗出速率。 [0249] Measurement of copper ions in order to assess the wash-out rate in the antifouling coating. 使用根据DIN EN ISO 15181的方法测定尤其是在指定实验室条件下的铜含量并计算铜从涂层中的洗出速率。 Using the wash-out rate, especially copper content under the specified conditions of the laboratory is calculated from the copper coating is measured to DIN EN ISO 15181 method.
[0250] 将涂有抗污涂层的试样圆筒与参比圆筒一起浸入在流动人造海水中的储蓄器中。 [0250] coated with the antifouling coating cylinder and a reference sample was immersed in artificial seawater flow together than the cylindrical reservoir. 在固定时间间隔取出圆筒并暴露于单独容器中的相同人造海水下指定的时间以测量洗出速率，然后使它们返回储蓄器中。 Specified time interval in a fixed cylinder taken to a separate container and exposed to the same artificial seawater under the wash-out rate to measure the time, and then return them to the reservoir. 然后测定释放到单独容器的水中的杀生物剂浓度以测量洗出速率。 And then measuring concentration of biocide released into a separate vessel to measure water wash-out rate. 以指定时间间隔重复该方法，由此可计算杀生物剂的洗出速率。 This was repeated at specified time intervals method, whereby the calculated biocide wash-out rate.
[0251] 从实验的第21天至最后一天，在这种情况下直至第45天的平均铜洗出速率根据以下方程式计算： [0251] From the 21st day to the last day of the experiment, in which case the average copper until 45 days wash-out rate is calculated according to the equation:
[0253] 其中： [0253] wherein:
[0254] R21,45 =从第21天至第45天的平均铜洗出速率 [0254] R21,45 = wash-out rate from the average copper on day 21 to 45 days
[0255] i和j =自试验开始时起对于每对连续的试验天，特别是21和45，消逝的时间，以天表不。 [0255] i and j = starting from the beginning of the experiment for each pair of successive test days, in particular 21 and 45, the elapsed time, in days, not the table.
[0256] 心和^ =对于每对连续的试验天，各组三个试验圆筒的平均铜洗出速率，以yg*cm icT1表示。 [0256] ^ = heart and for each pair of successive days of the test, three test groups average copper cylinder wash-out rate to yg * cm icT1 FIG. 在我们的情况下，从天⑴21至(j) 45天。 In our case, from the day ⑴21 to (j) 45 days.
[0257] 对于各试样，人造海水中的铜浓度通过原子吸收光谱仪(240FS AA，来自Agilent Technologies)测量。 [0257] For each sample, the copper concentration artificial seawater by an atomic absorption spectrometer (240FS AA, from Agilent Technologies) measurement. 为此，将所得试样用硝酸酸化并测量。 For this purpose, the sample is acidified with nitric acid and the resulting measurement.
[0258] 为测定平均铜洗出速率，将各颜料并入根据施涂具体实施例1的松香基抗污涂料中，取代那里所用的根据实施例1的颜料。 [0258] To determine the average copper wash-out rate, the pigment is incorporated in accordance with each particular embodiment applying the rosin-based antifouling paint of Example 1, where the substituents pigments used in accordance with Example 1. 表7中的着色含量以相对于抗污涂层总重量的重量％给出。 Table 7 Coloring content relative to the total weight of the antifouling coating weight% is given.
[0259] 表7:平均铜洗出速率R21,45 [0259] Table 7: Average Copper wash-out rate R21,45
[0261] 尽管含铜涂层的低含量，本发明效果颜料具有与抗污涂料中所用常规颜料相比相当的平均铜洗出速率。 [0261] Despite the low content of copper coatings, effect pigments of the present invention has considerable compared with an average copper eluate antifouling coating rate as conventional pigment.
[0262] ΙΙη在合成海水中的浸出速率的测定 [0262] Determination of the leaching rates of synthetic seawater in ΙΙη
[0263] 在合成海水中的浸出速率表示在20 °C下在6小时内多少铜离子从本发明效果颜料的悬浮液释放到海水中。 [0263] In the leaching rate in synthetic sea water at 20 ° C represents the number of copper ions are released from the effect pigments of the present invention is a suspension of seawater over 6 hours. 目的应是释放尽可能少量的Cu离子释放到海水中，但该量应仍足以作为相应杀生物剂以防各表面结垢。 The aim should be to release as small an amount of Cu ions are released into the sea, but the amount should be sufficient to remain as respective surfaces of each biocide to prevent fouling.
[0264] 为此，根据DIN 50904制备人造海水。 [0264] To this end, according to DIN 50904 was prepared artificial seawater.
[0265] 将100g的4重量％颜料的人造海水悬浮液倒入250-ml Duran玻璃瓶中并在Biihler KM-2摇动装置中以250rpm摇动6小时。 [0265] 100g of 4 wt% of artificial seawater pigment suspension was poured into 250-ml Duran glass bottle and shaken Biihler KM-2 apparatus at 250rpm shaking for 6 hours. 然后将悬浮液保持沉降1/2小时，然后将悬浮液经蓝带过滤器(blue band filter)过滤。 The suspension was then maintained settling 1/2 hour, then the suspension was filtered through a blue band filter (blue band filter).
[0266] 滤液通过原子吸收光谱仪(240FS AA，来自Agilent Technologies)使用相对于基体调整的标准测量。 [0266] filtrate by atomic absorption spectroscopy (240FS AA, from Agilent Technologies) using standard measurement with respect to the base adjustment.
[0267] 表8:在人造海水中的浸出速率 [0267] Table 8: leaching rate in artificial seawater
[0269] 该表清楚地显示本发明效果颜料比对比例释放少得多的铜到海水中，尽管对比例的比表面积更大。 [0269] The table clearly shows the effect pigments of the present invention than the comparative copper released into the seawater is much less, although larger than the surface area ratio. 同时，施涂的含铜涂层各自的改性可影响Cu浸出行为。 Meanwhile, application of copper-containing coating each modification can affect the Cu leaching behavior. 颜料的Cu释放因此可根据需要设置。 Cu thus releasing the pigment can be provided according to need.
[0270] III施涂具体实施例 [0270] III specific embodiments applied
[0271] 根据以上实施例中的一个制备的本发明含铜颜料用于以下抗污涂料中。 [0271] Pigment for the copper-containing antifouling paints according to the present invention prepared in the above one embodiment.
[0272] 施涂具体实施例i :用于海洋领域的抗污涂料，CDP [0272] Specific embodiments applying Example i: a marine antifouling paint field, CDP
[0275] 来自实施例1的颜料可以以相对于抗污涂料的总重量10.0-35.0重量％使用。 [0275] The pigments from Example 1% may be used with respect to the total weight of the antifouling coating weight of 10.0-35.0. 抗污涂料可用溶剂平衡至1〇〇重量％。 Solvent antifouling coating to balance 1〇〇 wt%.
[0276] 提供松香树脂并在容器中与润湿/分散添加剂一起均化。 [0276] providing a container and a rosin resin with a wetting / dispersing additives are homogenized together. 随着搅拌加入组分氧化锌、滑石和二氧化钛并以14m/s的速度分散15分钟。 Component was added with stirring zinc oxide, talc and titanium dioxide at a rate of 14m / s dispersion for 15 minutes. 该方法伴随恒定的冷却进行，以防止研磨材料太强地热起来。 The method performed with constant cooling, to prevent heat up too abrasive. 然后将来自实施例1的颜料与助杀生物剂和溶剂一起加入，同时搅拌。 Then the pigment from Example cobiocide added together and the solvent is 1, while stirring. 在使用刮刀刮涂检查均匀性以后，将抗污涂料倒入合适的容器中。 After checking homogeneity using doctor blading, the antifouling paint is poured into suitable containers.
[0277] 施涂具体实施例2:用于游艇涂层的抗污涂料，CDP [0277] Specific Example 2 was applied: antifouling paint coatings for boats, CDP
[0279] 来自实施例3的颜料可以以相对于抗污涂层的总重量10.0-40.0重量％使用。 [0279] Example pigments from Example 3 may be used with respect to the total weight of the antifouling coating 10.0-40.0 wt%. 抗污涂料可用溶剂平衡至1〇〇重量％。 Solvent antifouling coating to balance 1〇〇 wt%.
[0280] 提供松香树脂并在容器中与润湿/分散添加剂一起均化。 [0280] providing a container and a rosin resin with a wetting / dispersing additives are homogenized together. 随着搅拌加入组分氧化锌、滑石和二氧化钛并以16m/s分散20分钟。 Component was added with stirring zinc oxide, talc and titanium dioxide and dispersed at 16m / s 20 min. 在检查颗粒细度以后，以低转速(3m/s)搅入氧化锌和二氯辛基异噻唑啉酮，然后用二甲苯和甲基异丁基酮设置至2.6Pa · s的粘度。 After checking the particle fineness, low speed (3m / s) stirred into zinc oxide and octyl isothiazolin-dichloro-one, and then provided to a viscosity of 2.6Pa · s with xylene and methyl isobutyl ketone. 在重新均化以后，将抗污涂料倾析到合适的容器中。 After re-homogenization, the antifouling coating decanted into a suitable container.
[0281] 施涂具体实施例3:用于海洋领域的抗污涂料，CDP [0281] DETAILED Example 3 was applied: the field of marine antifouling coatings for, CDP
[0283] 来自实施例4的颜料可以以相对于抗污涂层的总重量9.00-35.0重量％使用。 [0283] The pigments from Example 4% may be used with respect to the total weight of the antifouling coating 9.00-35.0 wt. 抗污涂料可用溶剂平衡至1〇〇重量％。 Solvent antifouling coating to balance 1〇〇 wt%.
[0284] 将松香树脂与润湿/分散添加剂一起供入容器中。 [0284] The rosin resin wetting / dispersing additive fed together into the vessel. 随着搅拌加入组分氧化锌、滑石和二氧化钛并以14m/s的速度分散15分钟。 Component was added with stirring zinc oxide, talc and titanium dioxide at a rate of 14m / s dispersion for 15 minutes. 该方法伴随恒定的冷却进行，以防止研磨材料太强地热起来。 The method performed with constant cooling, to prevent heat up too abrasive. 然后将来自实施例4的颜料与助杀生物剂和溶剂一起加入，同时搅拌。 Then the pigment from Example cobiocide 4 and added with a solvent while stirring. 在检查均匀性以后，将抗污涂料倒入合适的容器中。 After checking the uniformity of the antifouling coating is poured into suitable containers.
[0285] 施涂具体实施例4:用于海洋领域的抗污涂料，CDP [0285] DETAILED Example 4 was applied: the field of marine antifouling coatings for, CDP
[0287] 来自实施例7的颜料可以以相对于抗污涂层的总重量10.0-40.0重量％使用。 [0287] The pigments from Example 7% may be used with respect to the total weight of the antifouling coating weight of 10.0-40.0. 抗污涂料可用溶剂平衡至1〇〇重量％。 Solvent antifouling coating to balance 1〇〇 wt%.
[0288] 提供松香树脂并在容器中与润湿/分散添加剂一起均化。 [0288] providing a container and a rosin resin with a wetting / dispersing additives are homogenized together. 随着搅拌加入组分氧化锌、滑石和二氧化钛并以14m/s的速度分散15分钟。 Component was added with stirring zinc oxide, talc and titanium dioxide at a rate of 14m / s dispersion for 15 minutes. 该方法伴随恒定的冷却进行，以防止研磨材料太强地热起来。 The method performed with constant cooling, to prevent heat up too abrasive. 然后将来自实施例7的颜料与溶剂一起加入，同时搅拌。 Pigment was then added together with the solvent from Example 7, while stirring. 在使用刮刀刮涂检查均匀性以后，将抗污涂料倒入合适的容器中。 After checking homogeneity using doctor blading, the antifouling paint is poured into suitable containers.
[0289] 施涂具体实施例5:用于海洋领域的抗污涂料，CDP [0289] DETAILED Example 5 was applied: a marine antifouling paint field, CDP
[0292] 来自实施例8的颜料可以以相对于抗污涂层的总重量5.0-35.0重量％使用。 [0292] The pigments from Example 8% may be used with respect to the total weight of the antifouling coating weight of 5.0 to 35.0. 抗污涂料可用溶剂平衡至100重量％。 Antifouling coating Solvent Balance to 100 wt%.
[0293] 提供松香树脂并在容器中与润湿/分散添加剂一起均化。 [0293] providing a container and a rosin resin with a wetting / dispersing additives are homogenized together. 随着搅拌加入组分氧化锌、滑石和二氧化钛并以14m/s的速度分散15分钟。 Component was added with stirring zinc oxide, talc and titanium dioxide at a rate of 14m / s dispersion for 15 minutes. 该方法伴随恒定的冷却进行，以防止研磨材料太强地热起来。 The method performed with constant cooling, to prevent heat up too abrasive. 然后将来自实施例8的颜料与助杀生物剂和溶剂一起加入，同时搅拌。 Then from Example cobiocide pigment and solvent 8 are added together while stirring. 在使用刮刀刮涂检查均匀性以后，将抗污涂料倒入合适的容器中。 After checking homogeneity using doctor blading, the antifouling paint is poured into suitable containers.
[0294] IV颜料的现场试验 [0294] IV pigment field test
[0295] IVa 淡水 [0295] IVa freshwater
[0296] 为评估本发明效果颜料和对比例的颜料在淡水中的抑污性，将各颜料根据Ilk色泽一致性并入清漆中，施涂于错板上并储存。 [0296] To evaluate the inhibitory effect pigments of the present invention and comparative pigment of pollution in fresh water, according to the Ilk each pigment color consistency incorporated in the varnish, is applied to the wrong plate and stored. 然后将板以50cm的深度在the Pegnitz in GU ntersthal (91235Hartenstein，德国）的生物活性河水中1年。 The plate is then 50cm depth in the Pegnitz in GU ntersthal (91235Hartenstein, Germany) biological activity in water for 1 year. 在试验阶段结束以后，将板在流水中手动地清洗。 After the end of the test phase, the plates were washed in running water manually. 然后目测评估板的污垢和附着力。 And then visually dirt adhesion evaluation board.
[0297] 表9 [0297] Table 9
[0300] 0 =非常好，5 =非常差 [0300] 0 = very good, 5 = very poor
[0301] IVb 盐水 [0301] IVb brine
[0302] 为评估本发明效果颜料和对比例的颜料在盐水中的抑污性，将各颜料以相对于抗污涂层总重量20重量％的着色水平根据Ilk色泽一致性并入清漆中，施涂于铝板上并储存。 [0302] To evaluate the effect pigments of the present invention and comparative inhibiting fouling in saline pigments, each pigment to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the antifouling coatings according to the level of the colored varnish incorporated Ilk color consistency, applied to and stored on an aluminum plate. 然后将板在新加坡海域中暴露至多1年。 The plates were then exposed to up to one year in Singapore waters. 每种情况下将两种相同上漆且着色的板储存在海水中，其中将一个板通过较高太阳辐射暴露于较高UV负载下(前侧）。 The two identical colored paint and the plates were stored in each case in the sea, where a higher solar radiation through the plate is exposed to a higher UV load (the front side). 同时，将相同上漆且着色的板相反地暴露于海水中（背侧）。 Meanwhile, the same coloring and painted panels are exposed to seawater opposite (back side). 评估借助板的照相评估基于ASTM D3623-78a进行。 Evaluation by evaluation based on the photographic plate ASTM D3623-78a. 为此，将板从海水中取出并将下半部分用提高的水压冲洗。 For this purpose, the lower half of the plate was removed from the sea and washed with increased water pressure. 在每次清洗方法以后数码捕获板并摄影分析。 After each method of cleaning digital photography capture board and analysis. 在动物沉降的情况下，计数单独的动物。 In the case of animals settled, the count individual animal.
[0303] 表l〇a:半年以后的结果 [0303] Table l〇a: the results of six months after
[0307] 表10b: -年以后的结果 [0307] Table 10b: - the result of years later
[0310]用本发明效果颜料着色的抗污涂料显示出与市售抗污涂料相比相当或者甚至更好的抑污效果。 [0310] with the antifouling coating of the present invention, the colored effect pigments exhibit compared to commercially available antifouling coating sewage suppression effect equivalent or even better. 此处应当指出除球形氧化铜（I)外，市售抗污涂料包含其它助杀生物剂。 It should here be noted that in addition to spherical copper oxide (I), a commercially available antifouling coating comprising other co-biocides. 具有本发明效果颜料的抗污涂料不含助杀生物剂，这在部分提高的粘液形成方面变得明显。 The present invention has an effect pigment-free antifouling coating cobiocide, it becomes apparent that the improved mucus formation in portions. 然而，甚至在一年以后，在这些板上没有发现较高的有机体。 However, even after a year in which the board did not find a higher organism. 在照相评估中，在清洁处理以后的视觉外观结果不总是正确地再现，这是由于例如板受损的亮/暗反差。 In the photographic evaluation, after the cleaning process the visual appearance of the result is not always accurately reproduced due to the damage to the plate, for example, bright / dark contrast. 因此在上表中发现在清洁方法以后部分提高的值，但相应板不再具有任何残余物。 After cleaning method was thus found to improve the value portion in the table, but the corresponding plate no longer has any residue.
1. 包含片形非金属基质和至少一层含铜涂层的效果颜料，其特征在于效果颜料的平均粒度D5Q为大于5WI1且效果颜料的铜含量相对于效果颜料的总重量为20-70重量％，其特征进一步在于定义为铜含量[重量％]与根据BET的比表面积[m2/g]的商 1. The sheet-shaped non-metallic substrates comprising at least one layer of copper and a coating effect pigments, wherein the average particle size is more than D5Q 5WI1 effect pigments and effect pigments copper content relative to the total weight of the effect pigment is 20-70 wt %, further characterized in that the copper content is defined as [wt%] the BET specific surface area provides the [m2 / g] of
的效果颜料的比铜表面积为小于60重量％ • g • nf2。 Effect pigment is a copper surface area of ​​less than 60 wt% • g • nf2.
2. 根据权利要求1的效果颜料，其特征在于效果颜料具有相对于效果颜料的总重量大于Oi重量％的氯含量。 2. The effect pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the effect pigment has a total weight of the effect pigment content is greater than Oi wt% of chlorine.
3. 根据权利要求1的效果颜料，其特征在于非金属片形基质选自天然云母片晶、合成云母片晶、玻璃片晶、二氧化硅片晶、氧化铝片晶及其混合物。 3. The effect pigment of claim 1, wherein the non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate is selected from natural mica platelets, synthetic mica platelets, crystal glass, silicon dioxide platelets, alumina platelets, and mixtures thereof.
4. 根据权利要求2的效果颜料，其特征在于非金属片形基质选自天然云母片晶、合成云母片晶、玻璃片晶、二氧化硅片晶、氧化铝片晶及其混合物。 4. The effect pigment of claim 2, wherein the non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate is selected from natural mica platelets, synthetic mica platelets, crystal glass, silicon dioxide platelets, alumina platelets, and mixtures thereof.
5. 根据权利要求1的效果颜料，其特征在于至少一层含铜涂层选自铜(0)、氧化铜（I)、 氢氧化铜（I)、氧化铜（II)、氢氧化铜（II)、氯化铜（I)、氯化铜（II)、溴化铜（I)、溴化铜(II)、碘化铜（I)、乙酸铜(II)、乙酸铜(II) 一水合物、碱式碳酸铜(II)、柠檬酸铜（II)、硝酸铜（II)、硫酸铜（II)五水合物、硫化铜（I)、硫化铜（II)、硫氰酸铜、氯氧化铜、酒石酸铜(II) 及其混合物。 The effect pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one layer of copper-containing coating is selected from copper (0), copper oxide (the I) hydroxide, copper (the I), copper (II) oxide, copper hydroxide ( II), copper (I) chloride, copper (II) chloride, copper (I) bromide, copper (II) bromide, copper (I) iodide, copper (II) acetate, copper (II) acetate a hydrate, basic copper (II) carbonate, copper (II) citrate, copper (II) nitrate, copper sulfate (II) pentahydrate, copper sulfide (the I) sulfide, copper (II), copper thiocyanate, oxychloride, copper tartrate, copper (II) and mixtures thereof.
6. 根据权利要求2的效果颜料，其特征在于至少一层含铜涂层选自铜(0)、氧化铜（I)、 氢氧化铜（I)、氧化铜（II)、氢氧化铜（II)、氯化铜（I)、氯化铜（II)、溴化铜（I)、溴化铜(II)、碘化铜（I)、乙酸铜(II)、乙酸铜(II) 一水合物、碱式碳酸铜(II)、柠檬酸铜（II)、硝酸铜（II)、硫酸铜（II)五水合物、硫化铜（I)、硫化铜（II)、硫氰酸铜、氯氧化铜、酒石酸铜(II) 及其混合物。 6. The effect pigment according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one layer of copper-containing coating is selected from copper (0), copper oxide (the I) hydroxide, copper (the I), copper (II) oxide, copper hydroxide ( II), copper (I) chloride, copper (II) chloride, copper (I) bromide, copper (II) bromide, copper (I) iodide, copper (II) acetate, copper (II) acetate a hydrate, basic copper (II) carbonate, copper (II) citrate, copper (II) nitrate, copper sulfate (II) pentahydrate, copper sulfide (the I) sulfide, copper (II), copper thiocyanate, oxychloride, copper tartrate, copper (II) and mixtures thereof.
7. 权利要求3的效果颜料，其特征在于至少一层含铜涂层选自铜(0)、氧化铜（I)、氢氧化铜（I)、氧化铜（II)、氢氧化铜（II)、氯化铜（I)、氯化铜（II)、溴化铜（I)、溴化铜（II)、碘化铜(I)、乙酸铜（II)、乙酸铜（II) 一水合物、碱式碳酸铜（II)、柠檬酸铜（II)、硝酸铜（II)、 硫酸铜（II)五水合物、硫化铜（I)、硫化铜（II)、硫氰酸铜、氯氧化铜、酒石酸铜（II)及其混合物。 The effect pigment of claim 3, wherein the at least one layer of copper-containing coating is selected from copper (0), copper oxide (the I), copper hydroxide (the I), copper oxide (II), copper hydroxide (II ), copper (I) chloride, copper (II) chloride, copper (I), copper (II) bromide, copper (I) iodide, copper (II) acetate, copper (II) acetate monohydrate was basic copper carbonate (II), copper (II) citrate, copper (II) nitrate, copper sulfate (II) pentahydrate, copper sulfide (the I) sulfide, copper (II), copper thiocyanate, chloro oxide, copper tartrate, copper (II) and mixtures thereof.
8. 根据权利要求4的效果颜料，其特征在于至少一层含铜涂层选自铜(0)、氧化铜（I)、 氢氧化铜（I)、氧化铜（II)、氢氧化铜（II)、氯化铜（I)、氯化铜（II)、溴化铜（I)、溴化铜(II)、碘化铜（I)、乙酸铜(II)、乙酸铜(II) 一水合物、碱式碳酸铜(II)、柠檬酸铜（II)、硝酸铜（II)、硫酸铜（II)五水合物、硫化铜（I)、硫化铜（II)、硫氰酸铜、氯氧化铜、酒石酸铜(II) 及其混合物。 Effect pigment according to claim 4, characterized in that the at least one layer of copper-containing coating is selected from copper (0), copper oxide (the I) hydroxide, copper (the I), copper (II) oxide, copper hydroxide ( II), copper (I) chloride, copper (II) chloride, copper (I) bromide, copper (II) bromide, copper (I) iodide, copper (II) acetate, copper (II) acetate a hydrate, basic copper (II) carbonate, copper (II) citrate, copper (II) nitrate, copper sulfate (II) pentahydrate, copper sulfide (the I) sulfide, copper (II), copper thiocyanate, oxychloride, copper tartrate, copper (II) and mixtures thereof.
9. 根据权利要求1-8中一项的效果颜料，其特征在于含铜涂层包含以下一般经验式（I) 的化合物： CuwMx (OH) yClz • nH20 (I) 其中M代表锌、镍、镁、钴或铁，w选自0.5-5，x选自0-2，y选自1-8, z选自1-2,且n代表0-10的值，条件是(y+z) = (w • Cu的氧化态+x • M的氧化态）。 Effect pigments according to claim one of claims 1-8, wherein the coating comprises copper-containing compounds of the following general empirical formula (I) are: CuwMx (OH) yClz • nH20 (I) where M represents zinc, nickel, magnesium, cobalt or iron, W is selected from 0.5-5, x is selected from 0-2, y is selected from 1-8, z is selected from 1-2, and n represents a value of 0-10, with the proviso that (y + z) = (w • Cu oxidation state of + x • M oxidation state).
10. 根据权利要求1-8中一项的效果颜料，其特征在于含铜涂层完全包封片形非金属基质。 10. The effect pigment of one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the copper coating completely enveloping shaped nonmetallic matrix.
11. 根据权利要求9的效果颜料，其特征在于含铜涂层完全包封片形非金属基质。 11. The effect pigment of claim 9, wherein the copper-containing non-metallic coating completely enveloping matrix shape.
12. 根据权利要求1-8中一项的效果颜料，其特征在于含铜涂层湿化学涂覆。 12. The effect pigment of one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the wet-chemical coating copper coating.
13. 根据权利要求9的效果颜料，其特征在于含铜涂层湿化学涂覆。 13. The effect pigment according to claim 9, characterized in that the wet-chemical coating copper coating.
14. 根据权利要求10的效果颜料，其特征在于含铜涂层湿化学涂覆。 14. The effect pigment according to claim 10, characterized in that the wet-chemical coating copper coating.
15. 根据权利要求11的效果颜料，其特征在于含铜涂层湿化学涂覆。 15. The effect pigment according to claim 11, characterized in that the wet-chemical coating copper coating.
16. 根据权利要求1-8中一项的效果颜料，其特征在于将效果颜料干燥和/或在不存在空气下煅烧。 16. The effect pigment of one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the effect pigments dried and / or calcined in the absence of air.
17. 根据权利要求9的效果颜料，其特征在于将效果颜料干燥和/或在不存在空气下煅烧。 17. The effect pigment according to claim 9, characterized in that the effect pigments dried and / or calcined in the absence of air.
18. 根据权利要求10的效果颜料，其特征在于将效果颜料干燥和/或在不存在空气下煅烧。 18. The effect pigment according to claim 10, characterized in that the effect pigments dried and / or calcined in the absence of air.
19. 根据权利要求12的效果颜料，其特征在于将效果颜料干燥和/或在不存在空气下煅烧。 19. The effect pigment according to claim 12, characterized in that the effect pigments dried and / or calcined in the absence of air.
20. 根据权利要求15的效果颜料，其特征在于将效果颜料干燥和/或在不存在空气下煅烧。 20. The effect pigment according to claim 15, characterized in that the effect pigments dried and / or calcined in the absence of air.
21. 根据权利要求1-8中一项的效果颜料，其特征在于效果颜料的颜料表面是有机化学表面改性的。 21. The effect pigment of one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the surface of the effect pigments of the pigment surface modified organic chemistry.
22. 根据权利要求9的效果颜料，其特征在于效果颜料的颜料表面是有机化学表面改性的。 22. The effect pigment according to claim 9, characterized in that the surface of the effect pigments of the pigment surface modified organic chemistry.
23. 根据权利要求10的效果颜料，其特征在于效果颜料的颜料表面是有机化学表面改性的。 23. The effect pigment according to claim 10, characterized in that the surface of the effect pigments of the pigment surface modified organic chemistry.
24. 根据权利要求12的效果颜料，其特征在于效果颜料的颜料表面是有机化学表面改性的。 24. The effect pigment according to claim 12, characterized in that the surface of the effect pigments of the pigment surface modified organic chemistry.
25. 根据权利要求16的效果颜料，其特征在于效果颜料的颜料表面是有机化学表面改性的。 25. The effect pigment according to claim 16, characterized in that the surface of the effect pigments of the pigment surface modified organic chemistry.
26. 根据权利要求20的效果颜料，其特征在于效果颜料的颜料表面是有机化学表面改性的。 26. The effect pigment according to claim 20, characterized in that the surface of the effect pigments of the pigment surface modified organic chemistry.
27. 制备根据前述权利要求中一项的效果颜料的方法，其特征在于方法包括如下步骤： (al)将片形非金属基质悬浮于水溶液中， (bl)加入铜盐溶液并将含铜涂层沉积于片形非金属基质上以得到效果颜料， (cl)将根据步骤(bl)得到的效果颜料过滤，任选干燥和/或任选煅烧， 或者特征在于方法包括如下步骤： (a2)使铜盐水溶液和片形非金属基质接触以提供悬浮液， (b2)将铜络合剂加入步骤(a2)中所得悬浮液中， (c2)将还原剂加入来自步骤(b2)的悬浮液中以得到效果颜料， (d2)将根据步骤(c2)得到的效果颜料过滤，任选干燥和/或任选煅烧。 27. Preparation according to the preceding claims effect of a pigment, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: (al) a non-metallic platelet-shaped substrate is suspended in an aqueous solution, (BL) was added a solution of copper salt and a copper-containing coating sheet-shaped non-metallic layer is deposited on the substrate to give a color effect, (Cl) filter performance pigment obtained in step (BL), optionally dried and / or optionally calcined, or wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a2) copper salt solution and a sheet-shaped non-metal substrate is contacted to provide a suspension, (b2) a copper complexing agent is added in step (a2) obtained suspension, (c2) a reducing agent is added to the suspension from step (b2) is to give effect pigments, (d2) of the filter effect pigments obtained according to step (c2), optionally dried and / or optionally calcined.
28. 根据权利要求1-26中一项的效果颜料在抗污涂层中的用途。 28. The use according to claim 1-26 in an effect pigment in the antifouling coating.
29. 包含权利要求1-26中一项的效果颜料的抗污涂层。 29. The effect of claims 1-26 comprising an antifouling coating pigments.
CN 201380023334 2012-05-03 2013-04-30 Platelet-shaped effect pigments comprising copper coatings, their preparation and their use CN104271676B (en)
DE201210103903 DE102012103903A1 (en) 2012-05-03 2012-05-03 A platelet-shaped effect pigment comprising a copper-containing coating of the same, to processes for its preparation and use
PCT/EP2013/059019 WO2013164352A1 (en) 2012-05-03 2013-04-30 Plate-shaped effect pigment comprising a coating containing copper, method for the production thereof, and use thereof
CN104271676A true CN104271676A (en) 2015-01-07
CN104271676B true CN104271676B (en) 2017-03-15
ID=48190528
CN 201380023334 CN104271676B (en) 2012-05-03 2013-04-30 Platelet-shaped effect pigments comprising copper coatings, their preparation and their use
US (1) US9127165B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2844702A1 (en)
JP (1) JP6162792B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20150016543A (en)
CN (1) CN104271676B (en)
DE (1) DE102012103903A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2013164352A1 (en)
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