Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP2006079079A/en
Timestamp: 2020-01-20 03:21:53
Document Index: 479637283

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 12', 'art 13', 'art 14', 'art 15', 'art 16', 'art 17']

JP2006079079A - Distributed speech recognition system and its method - Google Patents
Distributed speech recognition system and its method Download PDF
JP2006079079A
JP2006079079A JP2005248640A JP2005248640A JP2006079079A JP 2006079079 A JP2006079079 A JP 2006079079A JP 2005248640 A JP2005248640 A JP 2005248640A JP 2005248640 A JP2005248640 A JP 2005248640A JP 2006079079 A JP2006079079 A JP 2006079079A
JP2005248640A
Myeong-Gi Jeong
賢 植 沈
明 基 鄭
2004-09-06 Priority to KR20040070956A priority Critical patent/KR100636317B1/en
2005-08-30 Application filed by Samsung Electronics Co Ltd, 三星電子株式会社Ｓａｍｓｕｎｇ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ Ｃｏ．，Ｌｔｄ． filed Critical Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
2006-03-23 Publication of JP2006079079A publication Critical patent/JP2006079079A/en
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the constitution of a recognition system which is tolerant of channel change in speech recognition environment, and a distributed speech recognition system and a method thereof that enable unlimited word recognition and natural speech recognition on the basis of whether a speech data section and a pause section in the speech data section are present. <P>SOLUTION: The distributed speech recognition system and the method thereof enables a word and a natural language to be recognized using detection of a pause period in a speech period in an inputted speech signal, and various groups of recognition vocabulary (for example, a home speech recognition vocabulary, a telematics vocabulary for a vehicle, a vocabulary for call center, and so forth) to be processed in the same speech recognition system by selecting the recognition vocabulary required by a corresponding terminal using an identifier of the terminal since various terminals require various speech recognition targets. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&amp;NCIPI
The present invention relates to a distributed speech recognition system and method using wireless communication between a network server and a mobile terminal, and more particularly to provide effective speech recognition performance in a mobile terminal in which the amount of computation and memory use are restricted. Assisting from a network server connected to a wireless communication network and processing natural language recognition requiring language information by the network server enables natural language recognition along with unlimited vocabulary word recognition in a mobile terminal The present invention relates to a distributed speech recognition system and method.
In general, the speech signal recognition technology is roughly divided into speech recognition and speaker recognition. Speech recognition is divided into a speaker subordinate system that recognizes only a specific speaker and a speaker independent system that recognizes regardless of the speaker. The voice recognition of the speaker-dependent system stores the user's voice before use, registers it, and when actually performing the recognition, compares the input voice pattern with the stored voice pattern for recognition. To come.
On the other hand, the voice recognition of the speaker independent system is for recognizing the voices of a large number of unspecified speakers. Like the voice recognition of the speaker dependent system, the user can speak the voice before the operation of the system. There is no hassle of having to register. That is, the voices of a large number of speakers are collected, a statistical model is learned, and recognition is performed using the learned model. Therefore, characteristic characteristics of each speaker are removed, and characteristics appearing in common among the speakers are emphasized.
The speech recognition of the speaker-dependent system has a higher recognition rate than the speech recognition of the speaker-independent system and is easy to implement the technology, which is advantageous for practical use.
Generally, a stand-alone type large recognition system or a small recognition system using a terminal is the mainstream of the speech recognition system.
In recent years, with the development of distributed speech recognition systems, various forms of system structures have appeared and are under development. The structure of many distributed speech recognition systems consists of a server / client structure over a network, where the client performs a preprocessing stage that performs feature extraction or denoising of speech signals necessary for speech recognition, A structure in which an actual recognition engine is provided and recognition is performed, or a structure in which recognition is simultaneously performed by a client and a server has become mainstream.
In such an existing distributed speech recognition system, much attention is focused on a part that tries to overcome the resource limitation of the client. For example, the hardware limitations of mobile terminals such as mobile phones, telematics terminals, and mobile wireless LAN terminals cause limitations in voice recognition performance. You must use the resources of the linked servers.
Therefore, the network server is equipped with a high-performance speech recognition system required by the client and utilized. That is, the word recognition system within the range requested by the mobile terminal is configured. At this time, the voice recognition system of the configured network server determines the vocabulary of the voice recognition target depending on the main use of the voice recognition in the terminal, and the user can perform the distributed voice recognition according to the use. Voice recognition systems that operate individually for mobile terminals and telematics terminals.
The distributed speech recognition system that can perform both the word recognition associated with the characteristics of the mobile terminal and the natural language recognition of the interactive body has not yet been configured, and the standard for doing this is not presented Currently.
Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to configure a recognition system that is resistant to channel changes caused by a speech recognition environment, and to pause speech segments and speech segments. It is an object of the present invention to provide a distributed speech recognition system and method capable of performing unlimited word recognition and natural language speech recognition based on the presence or absence of a section.
Another object of the present invention is to selectively select a recognition target database required by each terminal to increase the efficiency of the recognition system and reduce the influence of the environment to be recognized on the recognition. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a distributed speech recognition system and method capable of extracting detailed channel information and adapting a recognition target model to channel characteristics to improve recognition performance.
In order to achieve the above object, a distributed speech recognition system according to an aspect of the present invention checks speech pauses in an input speech signal, determines the type of input speech, and performs speech recognition processing. If it is possible speech, a stored speech recognition target model is selected based on the determined speech type, input speech data is recognized based on the selected recognition target model, and speech In the case of a voice that cannot be recognized, the first voice recognition unit that transfers the voice recognition process request data via the network, and the voice recognition process that is transferred via the network by the first voice recognition unit Analyze the requested data, select the recognition target model corresponding to the speech to be recognized, and apply the selected speech recognition target model to perform language processing by speech recognition Characterized in that it comprises a second speech recognition unit for transferring the language processing result data to the first speech recognition unit via the network.
The first speech recognition unit is attached to the terminal, and the second speech recognition unit is attached to the network server, thereby performing different speech recognition processes.
The terminal includes at least one terminal among a telematics terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless LAN terminal, and an IP terminal.
The network includes a wired or wireless network.
The first voice recognition unit detects a voice section from the input voice signal, detects a pause section in the voice section detected by the voice detection section, and determines the type of the input voice signal A pause detection unit, a channel estimation unit that estimates channel detailed information using data of a non-speech segment other than the speech segment detected by the speech detection unit, and a pause segment that is not detected by the pause detection unit When a pause section is detected by the feature extraction unit that extracts the recognition feature of the voice data and the pause detection unit, voice recognition processing request data is generated, and the voice recognition processing request data is transmitted to the second via the network. The data processing unit to be transferred to the voice recognition unit and the channel detailed information estimated by the channel estimation unit are adapted to the recognition target acoustic model stored in the database to remove noise components, And a voice recognition processing unit that performs the voice recognition.
The voice detection unit detects a voice section based on a comparison result between the zero-crossing rate of the voice waveform with respect to the input voice signal, energy, and a set threshold value.
The speech recognition processing unit is processed by the model adaptation unit that removes noise components by adapting the channel detailed information estimated by the channel estimation unit to the recognition target acoustic model stored in the database, and the model adaptation unit. A speech recognition unit that decodes the speech data and performs speech recognition of the input speech signal.
The pause detection unit determines that the input voice data is voice data related to a word when there is no pause segment in the voice segment detected by the voice detection unit, and there is a pause segment In this case, it is determined that the input voice data is voice data related to a natural language.
Channel estimation using non-speech data in the channel estimator uses at least one of frequency analysis, energy distribution, cepstrum, and wave waveform average in the time domain in consecutive short intervals.
The data processing unit includes a transfer data configuration unit that configures voice recognition processing request data used to transfer the pause period to the second voice recognition unit when the pause period is detected by the pause detection unit, A data transfer unit that transfers the received voice recognition processing request data to the second voice recognition unit via the network.
The voice recognition processing request data includes at least one information of a voice recognition flag, a terminal identifier, a channel estimation flag, a recognition ID, an overall data size, a voice data size, a channel data size, voice data, and channel data.
The second voice recognition unit receives the voice recognition processing request data transferred via the network by the first voice recognition unit, and recognizes the channel data, the voice data, and the recognition target of the terminal by classifying them. A data receiving unit that selects a target model from a database, a feature extracting unit that extracts a speech recognition target feature component from voice data classified by the data receiving unit, and channel data is included in the data received from the data receiving unit If not, the channel estimation unit for estimating the channel detailed information of the recognition environment from the received speech data, and the channel estimation information estimated by the channel estimation unit or the channel estimation information received from the first speech recognition unit By applying the noise component to the recognition target acoustic model stored in the database using Min was removed, and a voice recognition processing unit that performs voice recognition.
The speech recognition processing unit is processed by the model adaptation unit that removes noise components by adapting the channel detailed information estimated by the channel estimation unit to the recognition target acoustic model stored in the database, and the model adaptation unit. A voice recognition unit that performs voice recognition of the input voice signal by decoding the voice data, and a data transfer unit that transfers the voice recognition processing result data subjected to the recognition process to the first voice recognition unit via the network; Is provided.
In addition, a speech recognition apparatus for a terminal for distributed speech recognition according to an aspect of the present invention includes a speech detection unit that detects a speech segment from an input speech signal, and a pause in the speech segment detected by the speech detection unit A pause detection unit that detects a section and discriminates the type of the input voice signal; a channel estimation unit that estimates channel detailed information using data of a non-voice section other than the voice section detected by the voice detection unit; When a pause section is not detected by the pause detection unit, a feature extraction unit that extracts a recognition feature of voice data, and when a pause section is detected by the pause detection unit, voice recognition processing request data is generated. A data processing unit for transferring the voice recognition processing request data to the second voice recognition unit via the network, and channel detail information estimated by the channel estimation unit stored in a database Be adapted to the sound model comprising a model fitter to remove noise components, and decodes the audio data processed by the model adaptation unit, and a speech recognition unit which performs speech recognition of the input speech signal.
Also, a server speech recognition apparatus for distributed speech recognition according to an aspect of the present invention receives speech recognition processing request data transferred from a terminal via a network, and recognizes channel data, speech data, and a terminal. A data receiving unit that selects a recognition target model from the database by classifying each target, a feature extracting unit that extracts a speech recognition target feature component from the voice data classified by the data receiving unit, and a data receiving unit. If the channel data is not included in the received data, the channel estimation unit that estimates the channel detail information of the recognition environment from the received voice data and the channel detail information estimated by the channel estimation unit are stored in the database A model adaptation unit that removes noise components by adapting to the recognized acoustic model and the sound processed by the model adaptation unit Decoding the data comprises a voice recognition unit for performing voice recognition of input speech signals, and a recognition processing speech recognition processing result data has been via a network data transfer unit for transferring the voice recognition processing unit of the terminal.
On the other hand, the distributed speech recognition method in the terminal and the server according to one aspect of the present invention determines the type of the input speech by checking the pause interval of the speech interval with respect to the speech signal input to the terminal. Depending on the type of voice, the speech recognition processing model is selected, the stored speech recognition target model is selected, the input speech data is recognized based on the selected recognition target model, and the terminal performs self speech recognition processing. If the voice is not possible, the voice recognition processing request data is transferred to the server via the network, and the server analyzes the voice recognition processing request data transferred from the terminal via the network. Select a recognition target model corresponding to the speech data to be recognized, and apply the selected recognition target model to Performs language processing by the identification, and a step of transferring to the terminal a language processing result data via the network.
The step of transferring the voice recognition processing request data from the terminal to the server via the network includes a step of detecting a voice section from the input voice signal, a pause section detected in the detected voice section, and the input voice A step of determining the type of signal, a step of estimating channel detailed information using data of a non-speech segment other than the detected speech segment, and a speech data recognition feature when no pause segment is detected. If a pause period is detected, voice recognition processing request data is generated and transferred to the server via the network, and estimated channel detailed information is stored in a database. And removing the noise component to perform speech recognition.
The step of performing speech recognition is to apply estimated channel detailed information to the recognition target acoustic model stored in the database to remove noise components, to decode the processed speech data, and to input the speech signal Performing voice recognition.
The step of generating the voice recognition process request data and transferring it to the server via the network constitutes the voice recognition process request data used for transferring the voice data to the server when a pause period is detected. And transferring the configured voice recognition processing request data to the server via a network.
The step of transferring to the terminal receives the voice recognition processing request data transferred from the terminal via the network, classifies the channel data, the voice data, and the recognition target of the terminal, and selects a recognition target model from the database. A step of extracting feature components for speech recognition from the classified speech data, and if the received data does not include channel data, the channel information of the recognition environment is obtained from the received speech data. And estimating, and applying the estimated channel detail information or the channel estimation information received from the terminal to the recognition target acoustic model stored in the database to remove noise components and perform speech recognition.
The step of performing speech recognition includes adapting the estimated detailed channel information to a recognition target acoustic model stored in a database to remove a noise component, decoding speech data from which the noise component has been removed, and inputting Performing speech recognition of the received speech signal, and transferring the speech recognition processing result data subjected to the recognition processing to the terminal via the network.
In addition, a speech recognition method in a terminal for distributed speech recognition according to an aspect of the present invention includes a step of detecting a speech section from an input speech signal, detecting a pause section within the detected speech section, and inputting Determining the type of the received audio signal, estimating the channel detailed information using data of the non-audio section other than the detected audio period, and audio data if the pause period is not detected When the recognition feature is extracted and a pause period is detected, a step of generating voice recognition processing request data and transferring it to the server via the network, and a recognition in which the estimated channel detailed information is stored in the database The method includes a step of removing a noise component in accordance with the target acoustic model, and a step of decoding the processed speech data and performing speech recognition of the input speech signal.
The speech recognition method in the server for distributed speech recognition according to one aspect of the present invention receives speech recognition processing request data transferred from a terminal via a network, and recognizes channel data, speech data, and a terminal. Classifying each target, selecting a recognition target model from the database, extracting a speech recognition target feature component from the classified speech data, and if the received data does not contain channel data Estimating the detailed channel information of the recognition environment from the received speech data, applying the estimated detailed channel information to the recognition target acoustic model stored in the database to remove the noise component, and the noise component Decoding the voice data from which noise has been removed and performing voice recognition of the input voice signal, and voice recognition processing subjected to recognition processing The result data via the network and a step of transferring the terminal.
The distributed speech recognition system and method according to the present invention enables word recognition and natural language recognition by detecting pauses in a speech interval from an input signal that is input, and various terminals can perform various speech recognition. In order to request the recognition target, the recognition vocabulary group requested by the corresponding terminal is selected using the identifier of the terminal, so that various recognition vocabulary groups (for example, home speech recognition vocabulary group, vehicle telephony group, etc. (Matics vocabulary group, call center vocabulary group, etc.) can be processed.
In addition, the influence of various channel distortions depending on the type of terminal and the recognition environment can be minimized by adapting it to the speech database model using the channel estimation method, thereby improving speech recognition performance.
Hereinafter, a distributed speech recognition system and method according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a block configuration of a speech recognition system in a wireless terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, a voice recognition system of a wireless terminal (client) includes a microphone 10, a voice detection unit 11, a channel estimation unit 12, a pause detection unit 13, a feature extraction unit 14, a model adaptation unit 15, and a voice recognition unit. 16, a voice DB 17, a transfer data configuration unit 18, and a data transfer unit 19.
The voice detection unit 11 detects a section of a voice signal from a digital voice signal input via the microphone 10 and provides it to the channel estimation unit 12 and the pause detection unit 13. Zero-Crossing rate (hereinafter also referred to as ZCR)), and a speech section can be detected from the corresponding input speech signal using signal energy or the like.
The pause detection unit 13 detects whether or not there is a pause period in the audio signal detected by the voice detection unit 11. The pause detection unit 13 includes a pause period and a pause period in the voice interval detected by the voice detection unit 11. A section that can be discriminated is detected in the time domain. The method for detecting the pause period can be performed by the same method as the method for detecting the voice period. That is, if a preset threshold value (Threshold Value) is exceeded using the zero-crossing rate and the signal energy in the detected audio signal interval, it is determined that there is a pause interval in the audio interval and detected. It is determined that the voice signal is not a word but a phrase or sentence so that the recognition process can be performed by the server.
The channel estimation unit 12 compensates for the recording environment where the audio signal detected by the audio detection unit 11 and the audio signal stored in the audio DB 17 do not match, information on the channel environment, channel components, channel characteristics, etc. regarding the audio signal (Hereinafter referred to as channel detailed information). Such an inconsistent environment of audio signals, that is, detailed channel information, is a major factor that lowers the speech recognition rate. In the detected audio interval, the channel characteristics are determined using data in the interval where there is no audio in the preceding and succeeding intervals. presume.
The channel estimator 12 can estimate the channel characteristics using frequency analysis, energy distribution, non-speech interval feature extraction method (eg, cepstrum), time waveform average in the time domain, and the like.
The feature extraction unit 14 extracts the recognition feature of the voice data and provides it to the model adaptation unit 15 when the pause detection unit 13 does not detect the pause segment.
The model adaptation unit 15 is a unit that adapts the Short Pause model to the current channel state estimated by the channel estimation unit 12, and the estimated channel parameters are extracted by an adaptation algorithm. Applies to feature parameters. Channel adaptation uses a method of removing channel detailed information reflected in parameters constituting the extracted feature vector, or a method of adding channel detailed information to the speech model stored in the speech DB 17.
The speech recognition unit 16 performs word recognition by decoding the extracted feature vector using a speech recognition engine existing in the terminal.
When the pause detection unit 13 detects that there is a pause section in the voice data, or when the input voice is longer than a predetermined length, the transfer data configuration unit 18 Data combining the information is configured, or the extracted feature vector and channel detailed information are combined and transferred to the server via the data transfer unit 19.
Hereinafter, a specific operation of the voice recognition system of the wireless terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention having such a configuration will be described.
First, when a user's voice signal is input through the microphone 10, the voice detection unit 11 detects a substantial voice section from the input voice signal.
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the voice detection unit 11 detects the voice section using the voice energy and the zero crossing rate (ZCR). Here, the zero-crossing rate means the number of times the signs of adjacent audio signals are different from each other, and the zero-crossing rate is a value including frequency information of the audio signal.
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, it can be seen that an audio signal having a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio clearly distinguishes between background noise and audio signals.
The energy can be obtained by calculating the sample value of the audio signal. However, the digital audio signal is analyzed by dividing the input audio signal into short intervals (Short-Period), and N audio samples are included in one interval. When the number is included, energy can be calculated using one of the following formula 1 (formula 1), formula 2 (formula 2), and formula 3 (formula 3).
: Log energy
: Average energy
: RMS energy
On the other hand, the zero crossing rate is the number of times that a speech signal crosses the zero reference and is regarded as a frequency, and in most cases, has a low value for voiced sound and a high value for unvoiced sound. That is, the zero crossing rate can be expressed by the following formula 4 (Equation 4).
That is, if the product of two adjacent audio signals is negative, the zero point is passed once and the zero crossing rate value is increased.
In order to detect the voice section by the voice detection unit 11 using the energy and the zero crossing rate as described above, the energy and the zero crossing rate are calculated in the section without the voice, and the threshold values Thr of the energy and the zero crossing rate are calculated. To do.
Then, by analyzing the input voice signal and the short section, the presence or absence of voice is detected by comparing each energy, the zero-crossing rate, and the calculated threshold value. Here, in order to detect the start portion of the audio signal, the following condition must be satisfied.
(Condition 1) Energy in several to several tens of short sections> Energy threshold (Condition 2) Zero crossing ratio in several to several tens of short sections <Threshold of zero crossing ratio
That is, when the above two conditions are satisfied, it is determined that an audio signal exists from the first short interval that satisfies the conditions.
When the following condition is satisfied, it is determined that the end portion of the input audio signal is reached.
(Condition 3) Energy in several to several tens of short sections <Energy threshold (Condition 4) Zero crossing ratio in several to several tens of short sections> Zero crossing ratio threshold
The voice detection in the voice detection unit 11 shown in FIG. 1 determines that the voice has started if the energy value is equal to or higher than the threshold Thr.U, and starts and sets the voice section from the corresponding time before the predetermined section. Furthermore, the energy value is the threshold value Thr. If the section descending below L continues for a certain period of time, it is determined that the speech section has ended. That is, the speech section is determined based on the zero crossing rate simultaneously with the energy value.
The zero crossing rate indicates the number of times that the level of the audio signal crosses the zero point. If the product of the current audio signal sample value and the immediately preceding audio signal sample value is negative, it is determined that the zero point has been crossed. The reason that this can be used as a reference is that the audio signal always includes a periodic section in the corresponding section, and the zero-crossing rate of the periodic section is compared with the zero-crossing ratio of the section without speech. Because it is quite small. That is, as shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the zero-crossing rate in a section without speech appears larger than a specific threshold Thr.ZCR. On the contrary, the zero crossing rate does not appear in the voice section.
Then, the channel estimation unit 12 shown in FIG. 1 estimates the channel of the voice signal using the signals in the non-voice section existing before and after the voice section detected by the voice detection unit 11.
For example, the characteristics of the current channel can be estimated by frequency analysis using signals in non-speech intervals, and can be estimated as the average of short-term characteristics that are continuous in time. Here, the input signal x (n) in the non-speech section can be expressed as the sum of the signal c (n) due to channel distortion and the environmental noise signal n (n). That is, the input signal in the non-voice section can be expressed by the following formula 5 (Equation 5).
When estimating a channel by the method as described above, the environmental noise component can be reduced by the sum of a plurality of consecutive frames. Excess environmental noise can be removed by averaging its sum. That is, the noise can be removed by using the following Equation 6 (Equation 6).
Although an exemplary algorithm for channel estimation has been presented above, it will be appreciated that any other algorithm for channel estimation can be applied.
The detailed channel information estimated through the algorithm as described above is used to adapt the acoustic model stored in the speech DB 17 of the client wireless terminal to the channel.
1 can be detected by using the zero-crossing rate and the energy as in the voice detection method of the voice detection unit 11. However, the threshold value used at this time can be set to a value different from the threshold value used for speech segment detection. This is to reduce an error in detecting an unvoiced sound section (that is, a noise section expressed by random noise) as a pause section.
If a certain short non-speech segment appears after the time when it is determined that the speech segment before the end of the speech segment has started, the input speech signal is not processed by the terminal speech recognition system. The data is determined to be natural language data to be processed by the server, and the audio data is provided to the transfer data configuration unit 18. The transfer data configuration unit 18 will be described later.
The detection of the pause period is determined using the zero-crossing rate and the energy as in the case of the voice period detection, which is shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 6A shows a speech waveform, FIG. 6B shows a speech signal waveform calculated using energy, and FIG. 6C shows a speech signal waveform calculated using zero crossing rate.
As shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C, the energy is small between the start and end of the speech interval (between two line segments orthogonal to the horizontal axis in the figure), and the zero crossing rate exceeds a certain value. Can be detected as a pause interval.
The voice data in which the pause period is detected is configured as transfer data by the transfer data configuration unit 18 so that voice recognition can be performed at the server without further voice recognition at the client (ie, wireless terminal). Then, the data is transferred to the server via the data transfer unit 19. At this time, the data transferred to the server can include a segment that can classify the type of terminal (that is, the vocabulary that the terminal intends to recognize), voice data, and estimated channel detailed information.
On the other hand, voice detection and pause period detection can be performed together because of the amount of computation of the wireless terminal and fast recognition speed. When voice detection is performed, if a voice section appears after a section that is determined to be a non-voice section exists, this voice signal is determined as a natural language recognition target, and the voice data is buffered. After being stored in (not shown), it is transferred to the server via the terminal data transfer unit 19. At this time, in the transferred data, only the type of recognition target specific to the terminal and the voice data can be transferred, and channel estimation can be performed by the server. The data transferred from the data transfer unit 19 to the server, that is, the data format configured by the transfer data configuration unit 18 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the data format configured by the transfer data configuration unit 18 is voice recognition flag information for distinguishing whether or not the data transferred to the server is data for voice recognition, transfer Terminal identifier indicating the identifier of the terminal to perform, channel estimation flag information indicating whether or not channel estimation information is included, recognition ID information indicating the recognition result, total data size information indicating the size of the total data to be transferred, audio data At least one of the size information and the channel data size information may be included.
On the other hand, feature extraction is performed for voice recognition on a voice signal in which a pause section is not detected by the pause detection unit 13. Here, feature extraction is performed by a method using frequency analysis used at the time of channel estimation. Hereinafter, feature extraction will be described more specifically.
In general, feature extraction is a method of extracting components useful for speech recognition from speech signals. Feature extraction is associated with information compression and dimensionality reduction processes. In feature extraction, since there is no ideal correct answer, the speech recognition rate is used to determine the quality of features for speech recognition. The main research areas of feature extraction are the expression of features that reflect human auditory features, the extraction of features that are resistant to various noise environments / speakers / channel transitions, and the extraction of features that well express temporal changes.
Commonly used feature extraction methods that reflect auditory characteristics include filter bank analysis applying snail tube frequency response, center frequency placement in mel or bark scale units, and increased bandwidth with frequency For example, a pre-emphasis filter is used. The most widely used method for improving robustness is CMS (Cepstral Mean Subtraction) used to reduce the influence of a convolutive channel. In order to reflect the dynamic characteristics of the audio signal, the first-order and second-order differential values of Cepstrum are used. CMS and differentiation can be regarded as filtering in the time axis direction, and includes a process of obtaining a temporally uncorrelated feature vector in the time axis direction. The method of obtaining the cepstrum from the filter bank coefficients can be regarded as an orthogonal transform for changing the filter bank coefficients to an uncorrelated one. In early speech recognition using a cepstrum using LPC (Linear Predictive Coding), liftering that applies weight values to LPC cepstrum coefficients is sometimes used.
Feature extraction methods mainly used for speech recognition include LPC cepstrum, PLP cepstrum, MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient), filter bank energy, and the like.
Here, a method for obtaining the MFCC will be briefly described.
The audio signal passes through an anti-aliasing filter, and then is converted into a digital signal x (n) by A / D conversion. The digital audio signal passes through a digital pre-emphasis filter having a high band pass characteristic. The reason for using this digital emphasis filter is primarily to perform high-band filtering to model the frequency characteristics of the human outer / middle ear. This compensates for the 20 db / decade attenuation that occurs due to radiation at the lips, and only the vocal tract characteristics are obtained from the speech. Second, to compensate to some extent the fact that the auditory system is sensitive to spectral regions above 1 KHz. The equal-loudness curve, which is the frequency characteristic of the human auditory organ, is used directly for modeling for PLP feature extraction. The characteristic H (z) of the pre-emphasis filter is expressed by the following Expression 7 (Equation 7).
Here, a is a value in the range of 0.95 to 0.98.
The pre-emphasized signal is divided into blocks in units of blocks by covering a Hamming window. All subsequent processing is performed in units of frames. The frame size is usually 20-30 ms, and 10 ms is often used for frame movement. An audio signal of one frame is converted into the frequency domain using FFT. Divide the frequency band into various filter banks to find the energy in each bank.
After taking the logarithm (logarithm) of the band energy thus obtained, a final MFCC is obtained by executing a discrete cosine transform.
In the above description, only the method of extracting features using MFCC has been described. However, it will be understood that feature extraction can be performed using PLP cepstrum and filter bank energy.
Thus, the model adaptation unit 15 performs model adaptation using the feature vector extracted by the feature extraction unit 14 shown in FIG. 1 and the acoustic model stored in the speech DB 17.
The model adaptation is performed in order to reflect the distortion caused by the channel of the currently input voice in the voice DB 17 held by the terminal. If the input signal in the voice section is y (n), the input signal is the sum of the voice signal s (n), the detailed channel information c (n) and the noise component n (n). 8).
Assuming that the noise component is reduced to a minimum by the noise reduction logic currently in practical use, the input signal is considered to be only the sum of the voice signal and the channel detailed information. That is, the extracted feature vector is considered to include all of the audio signal and the channel detailed information, and reflects the environment mismatch with the model stored in the audio DB 17 of the wireless terminal. That is, the input signal from which noise has been removed is expressed by the following Equation 9 (Equation 9).
: Input signal from which noise is removed
Here, the inconsistent components of all channels are minimized by adding the estimated components to the model stored in the voice DB 17 of the wireless terminal. In the feature vector space, the input signal can be expressed by the following Expression 10 (Equation 10).
Here, the direct sum of S and C (v) in the above equation is a component derived from the sum of the audio signal and the detailed channel information. At this time, the detailed channel information having stationary characteristics and the audio signal are not related to each other, so that the feature vector appears as a very small element in the feature vector space.
If the feature vector stored in the speech DB 17 is R (v) using such a relationship, the model adaptation is performed by adding the channel detailed information C ′ (v) estimated by the channel estimator to obtain a new model feature vector. R ″ (v) is generated. That is, a new model feature vector is calculated by the following equation 11 (Equation 11).
Therefore, the speech recognition unit 16 shown in FIG. 1 performs speech recognition using the model adapted by the method as described above in the model adaptation unit 15 to obtain a speech recognition result.
FIG. 3 shows the configuration and operation of a server for natural language processing that does not perform speech recognition processing at the terminal as described above, that is, the configuration and operation of a server that processes speech data for speech recognition transferred from the terminal. Will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a block configuration of the voice recognition system of the network server.
As shown in FIG. 3, the network server speech recognition system includes a data reception unit 20, a channel estimation unit 21, a model adaptation unit 22, a feature extraction unit 23, a speech recognition unit 24, a language processing unit 25, and a speech DB 26. .
The data receiving unit 20 receives data transferred in the data format shown in FIG. 7 from the terminal, and analyzes each field of the received data format.
Further, the data receiving unit 20 extracts the model to be recognized from the speech DB 26 using the terminal identifier value stored in the terminal identifier field in the data format shown in FIG.
Further, the data receiving unit 20 confirms the channel data flag from the received data, and determines whether or not the detailed channel information is transferred from the terminal together with the data.
As a result of this determination, when the channel detailed information is transferred from the terminal together with the data, the data receiving unit 20 provides the channel detailed information to the model adapting unit 22 and adapts it to the model extracted from the speech DB 26. Here, the model adaptation method in the model adaptation unit 22 performs model adaptation by the same method as the model adaptation method in the model adaptation unit 15 of the terminal shown in FIG.
On the other hand, when the detailed channel information is not transferred together with the received data from the terminal, the data receiving unit 20 provides the received voice data to the channel estimating unit 21.
Therefore, the channel estimation unit 21 performs direct channel estimation using the voice data provided from the data reception unit 20. Here, the channel estimation operation in the channel estimation unit 21 performs channel estimation by the same method as the channel estimation operation in the channel estimation unit 12 shown in FIG.
Therefore, the model adaptation unit 22 adapts the channel detailed information estimated by the channel estimation unit 21 to the speech model extracted from the speech DB 26.
The feature extraction unit 23 extracts the feature of the voice signal from the voice data received from the data reception unit 20 and provides the extracted feature information to the voice recognition unit 24. Here, the feature extraction operation is also performed by the same method as the operation of the feature extraction unit 14 of the terminal shown in FIG.
The speech recognition unit 24 recognizes the feature extracted by the feature extraction unit 23 using the model adapted by the model adaptation unit 22, provides the recognition result to the language processing unit 25, and the language processing unit 25 uses the natural language. Recognize. Here, since the language to be processed is not a word but a sentence, that is, data of at least a phrase level, the language processing unit 25 applies a natural language management model to accurately determine this.
Here, the language processing unit 25 includes a data transfer unit (not shown), and the natural language speech recognition processing result data processed by the language processing unit 25, together with the speech recognition ID, through the data transfer unit. The voice recognition process is completed by transferring to the terminal that is the client.
To summarize the voice recognition operation in the network server, first, the resources available for the server-side voice recognition system are so large that they cannot be compared with the resources available for the client terminal. That is, the terminal must perform speech recognition at the word level, and the server side must recognize natural language, that is, text, at least speech data at the phrase level.
Therefore, the feature extraction unit 23, model adaptation unit 22, and speech recognition unit 24 shown in FIG. 3 are more precise than the feature extraction unit 14, model adaptation unit 15, and speech recognition unit 16 of the terminal that is the client. And using a complex algorithm.
In the data receiving unit 20 shown in FIG. 3, data transferred from a terminal serving as a client is classified into a type to be recognized by the terminal, voice data, and channel data.
When channel estimation data has not been received from the terminal, the channel is estimated by the channel estimation unit 21 in the server-side voice recognition system using the received voice data.
In addition, since a variety of pattern matching algorithms are added to the model adaptation unit 22, the model adaptation unit 22 needs more accurate model adaptation to the estimated channel detailed information. Also, the feature extraction unit 23 performs a role that could not be performed using the resources of the client terminal. For example, a pitch-synchronized feature vector can also be constructed by fine pitch detection (in this case, the speech DB is also composed of the same feature vector), and various attempts to improve recognition performance can be applied. You will understand.
The distributed speech recognition method in the terminal and the server according to the embodiment of the present invention corresponding to the operation of the distributed speech recognition system in the terminal (client) and the network server according to the embodiment of the present invention as described above is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. I will explain it.
First, a speech (word) recognition method at a terminal as a client will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, when a user voice signal is input via a microphone (step 100. In the figure, step is abbreviated as S. The same applies hereinafter), a voice section is detected from the input voice signal. (Step 101). Here, as shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the speech section can be detected by calculating the zero-crossing rate and the signal energy. That is, as shown in FIG. 2A, if the energy value is equal to or higher than the set threshold value, it is determined that the voice has started, it is determined that the voice section has started a certain period before the corresponding time, and the energy value is set. When the section falling below the threshold value continues for a certain period of time, it is determined that the voice section has ended.
On the other hand, when the product of the sample value of the audio signal and the sample value of the immediately previous audio signal is a negative number, the zero-crossing rate is determined to have crossed the zero point. The reason that the zero-crossing rate can be used as a criterion for judging the voice section is that the input voice signal always includes a periodic section in the corresponding section, and the zero-crossing ratio of the periodic section is This is because it is considerably smaller than the zero-crossing rate in a section without speech. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2B, the zero-crossing rate in the interval without speech appears larger than the set zero-crossing rate threshold, and conversely, the zero-crossing rate does not appear in the speech interval.
When the speech section of the input speech signal is detected by such a method, the channel of the speech signal is estimated using the signals of the non-speech section existing before and after the detected speech section (step 102). . That is, when the current channel characteristics are estimated by frequency analysis using the signal data of the non-voice section, it can be estimated as an average of the short section characteristics continuous in the time domain. Here, the input signal of the non-speech section is as shown in Equation 5. The detailed channel information estimated as described above is used to adapt the acoustic model stored in the speech DB in the terminal to the channel.
After channel estimation is performed, a pause interval is detected from the input speech signal using the zero crossing rate and energy, and it is determined whether or not a pause interval exists in the input speech signal (step 103). ).
The rest period can be detected using the zero crossing rate and the energy as in step 101. However, the threshold value used at this time can be different from the value used for detection of the speech section. This is to reduce an error in detecting a non-voice interval (that is, a noise interval that can be expressed as arbitrary noise) as a pause interval.
If a non-speech section of a predetermined pause section appears after the time when it is determined that the speech section has started and before the end of the speech section is determined, the input speech signal is processed by the speech recognition system of the terminal It is determined that the data is not natural language data, and the voice data is transferred to the server. In other words, the pause interval can be detected as a pause interval where the energy is small and the zero crossing rate exceeds a predetermined value between the start and end of the voice interval.
That is, in step 103, when a pause period is detected within the voice period as a result of the detection of the pause period, the voice signal input from the user is not recognized by the voice recognition system of the terminal that is the client. The data is determined to be a natural language and transferred to the server (step 104). Then, the constructed data is transferred to the voice recognition system of the server via the network (step 105). Here, the data to be transferred to the server has the data format shown in FIG. That is, the data transferred to the server includes a voice recognition flag for distinguishing whether the transferred data is data for voice recognition, a terminal identifier indicating the identifier of the terminal to be transferred, and channel estimation information. A channel estimation flag indicating whether it is included, a recognition ID indicating a recognition result, total data size information indicating the size of the total data to be transferred, audio data size information, and channel data size information. Can be included.
On the other hand, if it is determined in step 103 that there is no pause section in the speech section as a result of the detection of the pause section, feature extraction for word speech recognition is performed on a speech signal in which no pause section is detected. (Step 106). Here, feature extraction for a speech signal in which no BRL section is detected can be performed using a method using frequency analysis used at the time of channel estimation. As a representative method, a method using MFCC is applied. be able to. Since the method of using the MFCC has been described in detail above, the description thereof is omitted.
After extracting the feature component for the speech signal, the acoustic model stored in the speech DB in the terminal is adapted using the extracted feature component vector. That is, model adaptation is performed in order to reflect the distortion caused by the channel of the currently input audio signal in the acoustic model stored in the audio DB in the terminal (step 107). That is, model adaptation is performed to adapt the pause model to the estimated current channel conditions and applies the estimated channel parameters to the feature parameters extracted via the adaptation algorithm. Channel adaptation uses a method of removing channel detailed information reflected in parameters constituting the extracted feature vector, or a method of adding channel detailed information to a speech model stored in the speech DB To do.
Speech recognition is performed by decoding a word for the input speech signal by decoding the feature vector obtained by the model adaptation in step 107 (step 108).
Hereinafter, a method for receiving voice data (natural language: sentences, phrases, etc.) transferred without being processed by a terminal serving as a client and performing voice recognition will be described step by step with reference to FIG.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart regarding a speech recognition method in the speech recognition system in the network server.
As shown in FIG. 5, first, data transferred in a data format as shown in FIG. 7 is received from a terminal serving as a client, and each field of the received data format is analyzed (step 200).
Further, the data receiving unit 20 selects a model to be recognized from the voice DB 26 using the terminal identifier value stored in the terminal identifier field in the data format as shown in FIG. 7 (step 201).
Then, the channel data flag is confirmed from the received data, and it is determined whether or not both channel data are transferred from the terminal (step 202).
As a result of the determination, when the detailed channel information is not transferred from the terminal, the data receiving unit 20 estimates the channel of the received audio data. That is, the data transferred from the terminal that is the client is classified into the recognition target type of the terminal, voice data, and channel data, and when the channel estimation data is not received from the terminal, the received voice data is used. A channel is estimated (step 203).
On the other hand, if the channel data is received from the terminal as a result of the determination in step 202, the channel data is adapted to the model selected from the voice DB, or the detailed channel information estimated in step 203 is used. The voice model selected from the voice DB is adapted (step 204).
After model adaptation, feature vector components for speech recognition are extracted from speech data based on the adapted model (step 205).
Then, the extracted feature vector component is recognized, and the recognition result is subjected to language processing using the adapted model (steps 206 and 207). Here, since the language to be processed is not a word but a sentence, at least phrase level data, a natural language management model for accurately determining the language is applied to the language processing.
The speech recognition processing result data of the natural language processed in this way is transferred to the client terminal via the network together with the speech recognition ID, thereby completing the speech recognition processing.
It is a figure which shows the block configuration of the speech recognition system in the radio | wireless terminal by this invention. 2 is a graph illustrating a method of detecting a speech section using a zero-crossing rate and energy in the speech detection unit illustrated in FIG. 1. 2 is a graph illustrating a method of detecting a speech section using a zero-crossing rate and energy in the speech detection unit illustrated in FIG. 1. It is a figure which shows the block configuration of the speech recognition system in the server by this invention. 5 is a flowchart relating to a speech recognition method in a wireless terminal according to the present invention. 3 is a flowchart relating to a speech recognition method in a server according to the present invention. It is a figure which shows the signal waveform which detected the audio | voice pause area by the pause detection part shown by FIG. It is a figure which shows the signal waveform which detected the audio | voice pause area by the pause detection part shown by FIG. It is a figure which shows the signal waveform which detected the audio | voice pause area by the pause detection part shown by FIG. It is a figure which shows the data format structure transferred to a server from a terminal.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Microphone 11 Voice detection part 12, 21 Channel estimation part 13 Pause detection part 14, 23 Feature extraction part 15, 22 Model adaptation part 16, 24 Voice recognition part 17, 26 Voice DB
18 Data transfer unit 19 Data transfer unit 20 Data reception unit 25 Language processing unit
Check the pause of the voice interval in the input audio signal, determine the type of input audio,
If the speech is capable of speech recognition processing, select the stored speech recognition target model based on the determined speech type, and recognize the input speech data based on the selected recognition target model Process,
A first voice recognition unit that transfers voice recognition processing request data via a network when the voice is not voice recognition processing;
Analyzing the voice recognition processing request data transferred via the network by the first voice recognition unit, and selecting a recognition target model corresponding to the voice to be recognized;
Apply the selected recognition target model to perform language processing by speech recognition,
A second speech recognition unit for transferring language processing result data to the first speech recognition unit via a network;
A distributed speech recognition system comprising:
The first speech recognition unit is mounted on a terminal, and the second speech recognition unit is mounted on a network server, thereby performing speech recognition processing in a distributed manner. Distributed speech recognition system.
The distributed speech recognition system according to claim 2, wherein the terminal includes at least one terminal among a telematics terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless LAN terminal, and an IP terminal.
The first speech recognition unit is
A voice detector that detects a voice section from the input voice signal;
A pause detection unit for detecting a pause period in the voice segment detected by the voice detection unit and determining a type of the input voice signal;
A channel estimation unit that estimates channel detailed information using data of a non-speech section other than the speech section detected by the speech detection unit;
When a pause section is not detected by the pause detector, a feature extractor that extracts voice data recognition features;
A data processing unit that generates voice recognition processing request data and transfers the voice recognition processing request data to the second voice recognition unit via a network when a pause section is detected by the pause detection unit; ,
Applying the channel detailed information estimated by the channel estimation unit to a recognition target acoustic model stored in a database, removing a noise component, and performing a voice recognition processing unit,
The distributed speech recognition system according to claim 1, further comprising:
5. The distributed speech recognition according to claim 4, wherein the speech detection unit detects a speech section based on a comparison result of a zero-crossing rate and energy of a speech waveform with respect to an input speech signal and a set threshold value. system.
The voice recognition processing unit
A model adaptation unit that removes noise components by adapting the channel detailed information estimated by the channel estimation unit to a recognition target acoustic model stored in a database;
A speech recognition unit that decodes speech data processed by the model adaptation unit and performs speech recognition of an input speech signal;
The distributed speech recognition system according to claim 4, further comprising:
The pause detection unit
If there is no pause section in the voice section detected by the voice detection unit, it is determined that the input voice data is voice data related to a word,
5. The distributed speech recognition system according to claim 4, wherein if there is a pause interval in the speech interval, the input speech data is determined to be speech data related to a natural language.
The channel estimation using the non-speech section data in the channel estimation unit includes at least one of a frequency analysis of continuous short sections, an energy distribution, a cepstrum, and a method of calculating a wave waveform average in the time domain. The distributed speech recognition system according to claim 4, wherein the system is used.
A transfer data configuration unit that configures voice recognition processing request data used to transfer the pause period to the second voice recognition unit when a pause period is detected by the pause detection unit;
A data transfer unit configured to transfer the configured voice recognition processing request data to the second voice recognition unit via a network;
The voice recognition processing request data includes at least one information of a voice recognition flag, a terminal identifier, a channel estimation flag, a recognition ID, an overall data size, a voice data size, a channel data size, voice data, and channel data. The distributed speech recognition system according to claim 9.
The second speech recognition unit is
The voice recognition processing request data transferred via the network by the first voice recognition unit is received, and the recognition target model is selected from the database by classifying the channel data, the voice data, and the recognition target of the terminal. A data receiver;
A feature extraction unit that extracts a speech recognition target feature component from the voice data classified by the data reception unit;
When channel data is not included in the data received from the data reception unit, a channel estimation unit that estimates channel detailed information of the recognition environment from the received voice data;
By applying the noise component to the recognition target acoustic model stored in the database using the detailed channel information estimated by the channel estimation unit or the channel estimation information received from the first speech recognition unit, noise is obtained. A speech recognition processing unit that removes components and performs speech recognition;
A speech recognition unit that performs speech recognition of an input speech signal by decoding the speech data processed by the model adaptation unit;
The distributed speech recognition system according to claim 11, further comprising: a data transfer unit that transfers the speech recognition processing result data subjected to the recognition processing to the first speech recognition unit via a network.
The channel estimation in the channel estimator uses at least one of a frequency analysis of continuous short sections, an energy distribution, a cepstrum, and a method of calculating a wave waveform average in a time domain. The distributed speech recognition system according to 11.
The type of the input voice is determined by checking the pause period of the voice period for the voice signal input to the terminal, and stored if the voice can be recognized by the determined type of voice. If the input speech data is recognized by the selected recognition target model and the speech recognition processing is not possible at the terminal, the speech recognition processing request data is sent to the network. Transferring to the server via
The server selects the recognition target model corresponding to the voice data to be recognized by analyzing the voice recognition processing request data transferred from the terminal via the network, and applies the selected recognition target model. Performing language processing by voice recognition and transferring the language processing result data to the terminal via a network;
A distributed speech recognition method comprising:
Transferring voice recognition processing request data from the terminal to a server via a network,
Detecting a speech section from the input speech signal;
Detecting a pause section in the detected voice section and determining a type of the input voice signal;
Estimating channel detailed information using data of a non-speech segment other than the detected speech segment;
If the pause period is not detected, the voice data recognition feature is extracted. If the pause period is detected, voice recognition process request data is generated, and the recognition feature or the voice recognition process request data is Transferring to the server via a network;
15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising: performing speech recognition by removing noise components by adapting the estimated detailed channel information to a recognition target acoustic model stored in a database. Speech recognition method.
The variance according to claim 15, wherein, in the step of detecting the speech section, the speech section is detected based on a comparison result of a zero-crossing rate and energy of a speech waveform with respect to an input speech signal and a set threshold value. Speech recognition method.
Performing the speech recognition comprises:
Applying the estimated channel detail information to a recognition target acoustic model stored in a database to remove noise components;
The distributed speech recognition method according to claim 15, further comprising: decoding the processed speech data and performing speech recognition of the input speech signal.
In the step of detecting the pause period, if there is no pause period in the detected voice period, it is determined that the input voice data is voice data related to a word, and if there is a pause period, The distributed speech recognition method according to claim 15, wherein the input speech data is determined to be speech data related to a natural language.
The estimation of the channel detailed information in the step of estimating the channel detailed information uses at least one of a frequency analysis of continuous short sections, an energy distribution, a cepstrum, and a method of calculating a wave waveform average in the time domain. The distributed speech recognition method according to claim 15.
Generating the voice recognition process request data and transferring the voice data recognition feature or the voice recognition process request data to the server via a network,
Configuring the speech recognition process request data used to transfer speech data to the server if the pause period is detected;
The distributed speech recognition method according to claim 15, further comprising: transferring the configured speech recognition processing request data to the server via a network.
The voice recognition processing request data includes at least one information of a voice recognition flag, a terminal identifier, a channel estimation flag, a recognition ID, an overall data size, a voice data size, a channel data size, voice data, and channel data. The distributed speech recognition method according to claim 20.
Transferring to the terminal comprises:
Receiving voice recognition processing request data transferred from the terminal via a network, classifying channel data and voice data and recognition targets of the terminal, and selecting a recognition target model from a database;
Extracting a speech recognition target feature component from the classified speech data;
If channel data is not included in the received data, estimating channel details information of the recognition environment from the received voice data; and
Applying the estimated channel detailed information or the channel estimation information received from the terminal to a recognition target acoustic model stored in a database, removing noise components, and performing speech recognition. The distributed speech recognition method according to claim 14.
JP2005248640A 2004-09-06 2005-08-30 Distributed speech recognition system and its method Pending JP2006079079A (en)
KR20040070956A KR100636317B1 (en) 2004-09-06 2004-09-06 Distributed Speech Recognition System and method
JP2006079079A true JP2006079079A (en) 2006-03-23
ID=36158544
JP2005248640A Pending JP2006079079A (en) 2004-09-06 2005-08-30 Distributed speech recognition system and its method
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JP (1) JP2006079079A (en)
KR (1) KR100636317B1 (en)
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2004-09-06 KR KR20040070956A patent/KR100636317B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
2005-08-10 US US11/200,203 patent/US20060053009A1/en not_active Abandoned
2005-08-30 JP JP2005248640A patent/JP2006079079A/en active Pending
2005-09-02 CN CN 200510099696 patent/CN1746973A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US20060053009A1 (en) 2006-03-09
KR20060022156A (en) 2006-03-09
CN1746973A (en) 2006-03-15
KR19990043998A (en) 1999-06-25 Pattern recognition system
JP2004536330A (en) 2004-12-02 Distributed speech recognition system using acoustic characteristic vector deformation
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