Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7532725?dq=oakley+D523,461&ei=qiI4T-CjGqXf0QHz_PSUCA
Timestamp: 2014-03-15 06:57:18
Document Index: 454554809

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 96919405']

Patent US7532725 - Systems and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA system and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects is disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for securing a data object is disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for securing...http://www.google.com/patents/US7532725?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7532725 - Systems and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objectsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7532725 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/647,861Publication dateMay 12, 2009Filing dateDec 29, 2006Priority dateDec 7, 1999Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS7177429, US7813506, US8265278, US20020071556, US20070110240, US20090190754, US20110026709, US20120300928, US20130195270Publication number11647861, 647861, US 7532725 B2, US 7532725B2, US-B2-7532725, US7532725 B2, US7532725B2InventorsScott A. Moskowitz, Mike W. BerryOriginal AssigneeBlue Spike, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (101), Non-Patent Citations (100), Referenced by (1), Classifications (38), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystems and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objectsUS 7532725 B2Abstract A system and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects is disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for securing a data object is disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for securing a data object is disclosed. The method includes the steps of (1) providing a data object comprising digital data and file format information; (2) embedding independent data into a data object; and (3) scrambling the data object to degrade the data object to a predetermined signal quality level. The steps of embedding and scrambling may be performed until a predetermined condition is met. The method may also include the steps of descrambling the data object to upgrade the data object to a predetermined signal quality level, and decoding the embedded independent data. The additional steps of descrambling and decoding may be performed until a predetermined condition is met. The predetermined condition may include, for example, reaching a desired signal quality of the data object.
1. A method for bandwidth allocation associated with a plurality of accessible data objects, comprising:
linking at least one first data object with at least one second data object, wherein the step of linking enables a characteristic of the first data object to change a characteristic in the second data object. Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/731,039 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,177,429 on Feb. 13, 2007), filed Dec. 7, 2000, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 60/169,274, filed Dec. 7, 1999 (corresponding to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/731,040, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,159,116 on Jan. 2, 2007), and U.S. Provisional Application 60/234,199, filed Sep. 20, 2000 (corresponding to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/956,262, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,127,615 on Oct. 24, 2006). The following identified patents and/or patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference, in their entireties.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/674,726, filed Jul. 2, 1996, entitled �Exchange Mechanisms for Digital Information Packages with Bandwidth Securitization, Multichannel Digital Watermarks, and Key Management�(issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,362,775 on Apr. 22, 2008); pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/999,766, filed Jul. 23, 1997, entitled �Steganographic Method and Device�; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/046,627, filed Mar. 24, 1998, entitled �Method for Combining Transfer Function with Predetermined Key Creation� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,162); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/053,628, filed Apr. 2, 1998, entitled �Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,205,249); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/281,279, filed Mar. 30, 1999, entitled �Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection, and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digital Data� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,522,767); U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/169,274, filed Dec. 7, 1999, entitled �Systems, Methods And Devices For Trusted Transactions�(issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,159,116 on Jan. 2, 2007); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/456,319, filed Dec. 8, 1999, entitled �Z-Transform Implementation of Digital Watermarks� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,853,726); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/545,589, filed Apr. 7, 2000, entitled �Method and System for Digital Watermarking� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,166); pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/594,719, filed Jun. 16, 2000, entitled �Utilizing Data Reduction in Steganographic and Cryptographic Systems� (which is a continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT/US00/06522, filed Mar. 14, 2000, which PCT application claimed priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/125,990, filed Mar. 24, 1999) (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,123,718); International Application No. PCT/US00/21189, filed Aug. 4, 2000 (which claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/147,134, filed Aug. 4, 1999, and to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/213,489, filed Jun. 23, 2000, both of which are entitled �A Secure Personal Content Server�), U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/657,181, filed Sep. 7, 2000, entitled �Method And Device For Monitoring And Analyzing Signals�; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/234,199, filed Sep. 20, 2000, entitled �Improved Security Based on Subliminal and Supraliminal Channels For Data Objects� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,127,615); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/671,739, filed Sep. 29, 2000, entitled �Method And Device For Monitoring And Analyzing Signals�(issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,346,472 on Mar. 18, 2008); and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/731,039, entitled �Systems, Methods and Devices for Trusted Transactions,� filed Dec. 7, 2000 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,159,116 on Jan. 2, 2007). The previously identified patents and/or patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference, in their entireties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, a need has arisen for a method for open access and secured data objects that overcomes the deficiencies of the related art.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for distributing a data signal is disclosed. The method includes the steps of (1) providing a data signal comprising digital data and file format information; (2) selecting a first scrambling technique to apply to the data signal; (3) scrambling the data signal using the first scrambling technique, resulting in a first-level degraded data signal; (4) creating a first descrambling key for the first-level degraded data signal based on the first scrambling technique; (5) selecting a second scrambling technique to apply to the first-level degraded data signal; (6) scrambling the first-level degraded data signal using a second�scrambling technique, resulting in a second-level degraded data signal; and (7) creating a second descrambling key for the second-level degraded data signal based on the second scrambling technique.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram of a data object that has file format information where a decrease in file size corresponds to a decrease in signal quality according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now in detail to the drawings wherein like parts are designated by reference throughout, there is illustrated in FIG. 1 a diagram of a data object that has file format information where a decrease in file size corresponds to a decrease in signal quality. For example, a DVD Audio signal has a larger file size than an MP3 recording and corresponding higher quality than the smaller sized file. This is applicable for any media file, including images, audio, video, and works that are multimedia in nature. The largest set of data in FIG. 1 corresponds to �A�, the next largest to �B�, and the smallest, for purposes of illustration, �C�. Each of these sets represent predetermined signal quality levels. Each signal manipulation step may be governed by a predetermined key, partial key, session key, authorization key, public key pair, or the like, depending on the intended application. Keys may be used singularly or collectively.
In certain embodiments, as described herein, a user receives the entire data object but is only able to observe the object as limited by the quality and file size that might correspond to �C�. For instance, an MP3 level of quality, though the ability to increase the signal quality to �A�, perhaps corresponding to DVD-Audio quality, can be handled in real or near real-time. As discussed in the sample embodiments, streaming of media over networks, such as the Internet, or downloads of content can be supported.
Cryptography is typically used to establish confidence, data integrity and nonrepudiation of data. The basis for cryptography lies in the difficulty of solving certain mathematical relationships that may exist between the uncoded message (i.e., �plaintext�) and the coded message (i.e., the �ciphertext�). A difference between general coding schemes (which are used, for example, for storage and/or transmission of data) and cryptographic schemes is that cryptographic schemes involve the exchange of a �secret.� Symmetric cryptographic protocols permit (for example, �plaintext�) to be randomly encoded (�ciphertext�) in such a manner so as to allow successful deciphering only with a secret, or �key.� With symmetric ciphering, security is held in the key, which performs both encryption and decryption. What remains is the distribution, or sharing, and protection of the key. The key may be associated with unique, or independent, data, such as passwords or biometric information, to further cover the secret in a manner that may be individualized to users or devices capable of interpreting the unique data. The addition of unique data to the key serves to increase the computational complexity of discovering the secret.
The similarities between watermarking and signature schemes represent how changes or modifications of the data to be secured are mapped to an output. With perceptible data, perceptual compression limits the effectiveness of signatures as the compressed signal will perceptibly and accurately represent the original signal while reducing irrelevant or redundant data. Signature schemes are not traditionally directed at handling this limitation. Steganographic ciphering or signature generation based on steganography, however, is so directed. Robust digital watermarking, thus, has additional security limitations regarding the survival of the watermark and its relationship with the authentic signal. Combining a robust open watermark (�ROW�) with a fragile or forensic watermark for the same digitized signal enables both robustness and security parameters to be met.
Some known methods for ensuring data integrity rely on how much access is provided to users. A problem exists, however, in that many data objects are available in formats that lack any protocol for access restriction or uniqueness (to assist in auditing copies). The benefits of widespread digital signal processing has reduced the assumption that the data objects need to come from authentic, or authorized, sources. Essentially, the reliance on bandwidth limitations to assure the security of large copyrighted files, such as music and video, has become moot as physically stored media is introduced to public networks such as the Internet. This is known as the digital copy problem, or �piracy.�
A related problem is that many of the schemes once thought to handle this significant problem, under the rubric of digital rights management (�DRM�), are entirely dependent on the security of the access restriction protocol, while ignoring the ease at which �difference� attacks may be applied. A difference attack may be performed by comparing a common data object in secure (e.g., a watermarked CD) and unsecure (e.g., an unsecure, or legacy CD) formats to yield the secret key. Moreover, DRM solutions typically stop providing any level of access restriction when the data object is viewed or played by the user. Any claim to the contrary ignores the mathematical equivalence of ciphering with coding. Ironically, DRM solutions are increasingly designed with reduced computational requirements in order to meet economic realities. This means that cryptographic protocols are designed to handle secure communications, while digitally sampled copyrighted media is designed to be widely accessible. The ineffectiveness of bandwidth limitations to act as a �speed bump� for rampant unauthorized duplication and redistribution of copyrighted data is best demonstrated by the wild popularity of such file-sharing systems as Napster.�., Gnutella, etc. The present invention provides an approach to combine various security techniques to address the need for open access of data objects while preserving data integrity and payment for the objects.
In cryptography, a number of techniques have been developed to address the difficulty of trusting a single entity with certain sensitive data. One technique, based on threshold cryptography, requires more than one entity to enable the decryption of data by breaking the decryption key into partial keys. For instance, sensitive financial information having an intendent risk for abuse with a single private key may be ameliorated by requiring more than one person to each provide a partial key in concert to decrypt the sensitive information. In steganography, the lack of present asymmetric embedding protocols, with the exception of nonlinear encoding techniques, is a direct result of the linearity of most perceptual coding schemes. Examples of such nonlinear encoding techniques are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,078,664, entitled �Z-Transform Implementation Of Digital Watermarks,� the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Transfer functions represent a class of functions that relate input data to output data. As used in this disclosure, the term �transfer function� is used in the format sense, that is, to refer to that class of transfer functions that is used to format input data for meaningful communication. A particular format may be chosen to emphasize subjective or perceptible measures, or both. When stored in a particular format, the data may be said to have an inherent granularity based on the characteristics of the format. The transfer function can be used to manipulate, or scramble, the input data, for example, based on at least one signal characteristic of the data object. That is, the input data is scrambled in a way that manipulates the input data at a level of its inherent granularity in accordance with its transfer function. See U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/046,627, filed Mar. 24, 1998, entitled �Method for Combining Transfer Function with Predetermined Key Creation,� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,162), which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.
Transfer functions can be used to manipulate data at the inherent granularity of the file format of the data. While formatting is intrinsically important, for many data operations, the formatting is a small subset of the overall data being represented. This is of concern because of the nature of how data is recognized in real world applications. For instance, radio broadcasts are freely accessible, but are delivered at a quality that is inferior to the original recording. For example, a song that is recorded on a Compact Disc may include frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 22,000 Hz, but when played on a radio receiver, the reproduced song typically includes frequencies only in the range of about 300 Hz to about 16,000 Hz. Compact discs have a commercially-based market price, while radio broadcasts are �paid� for by advertising.
The inherent granularity of the file format of the data may be thought of as signal characteristics or signal features. The changes may be associated with a pseudo-random key, or a cryptographically-generated key or key pair, and may be distributed and handled by downstream parties using existing browser, viewer or player technologies. This is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/046,627, entitled �Method For Combining Transfer Functions With Predetermined Key Creation,� (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,162), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. A benefit of controlling the quality of a signal as it will be offered to a marketplace of participants may be an important consideration in determining pricing of the media. It is also a means for determining the quality threshold at which potential consumers may evaluate the data to make a purchasing decision. An important difference is that cryptography is not directed to the quality of the data, but only to access to the data.
When a given signal contains relatively little noise, there is less space for information hiding, and a payment metric may be adjusted for commercially valued signals prior to broadcast to estimate a fair payment model based on measures of successful steganographic embedding of the payment information in discrete units of time. When a given signal contains relatively high noise, adjustments over the payment metric may be made. Alternatively, or in combination with embedded payment information, the distortion introduced by a transfer function may be logically associated with the payment and stored in a general session key, or in a series of keys propagated from the sender to the receiver in a discrete series. The receiver may be required to establish credentials for payment in addition to an identity for material that is deemed to require prior authorization by the sender. Alternatively, the material may be intended for an audience at a particular quality setting that is commercially free (e.g., �AM radio quality�). As another alternative, any of the audience members may purchase keys that have a logical relationship with predetermined commercial pricing (e.g., �CD quality� or live concert event). The present invention anticipates flexible pricing, open access of signal streams and measured relationships with the quality of the signal in the stream. Any channel-based or time-based restrictions on a given implementation may be flexibly manipulated to achieve either better pricing or receiver-sensitive demands to given data objects.
Essentially, the streamed data is openly accessible to any potential consumer at a degraded quality (e.g., there is �open access� to the streamed data in a scrambled or slightly scrambled state). Further, payment data or other such independent data is securely embedded within the stream (i.e., there may be secured data hidden within the data stream). Both embedding and scrambled state-dependent settings are contemplated by the present invention. Purchase of the descrambling key introduces a change to the authentication or payment data stream and enables immediate streamed payment to be initiated. Where streamed payment is not preferred, single payments or installment payments in credit or debt are also possible with embodiments of the present invention. Establishing a unique identifier for the user or payment means, such as linking to a phone bill, credit card or alternative payment facility, may provide additional credentials for the seller to use.
The benefits of such a system (e.g., improved estimation of demand for a particular data object, reduced cost of security because of the open-access nature of the data objects, the ability to link quality to payment) are obvious given the difficulty in assessing the commercial value of any given data object, especially where the data object may be made available in a variety of quality settings, live or prerecorded, or demand-based access limitation (essentially, a direct correlation with requests for a given data object or object stream and the cost of �handling� all requests). For example, discrete data objects may have a variety of quality levels, ranging from an encrypted version (low quality) to commercial grade quality. The quality levels may be predetermined, and may also include embedded data, which may have a variable detection rate based on the predetermined quality threshold. In addition, the present invention provides a tighter, more granular estimation of data object demand, as well as a clearer estimation of how a network can be optimized to realize commercial returns. All of this makes it so that different quality levels, different objects, differential object treatment for objects, which may be advertising instead of the content sought (for those situations where the channel may have a fixed dimension and part of the that fixed dimension includes data objects not being sought but being provided to pay for the object or objects being sought�this is called secondary or advertising-based data), yield-based pricing and demand given that the objects may be available in less-than-commercial grade quality instead of no access whatsoever for systems in the art.
In the case where the data is unknown, such as with new copyrighted material, it may be impossible to combine the signal degradation features of transfer functions if all of the data in a signal stream are subjected to cryptographic ciphering as is currently a predominant feature in the prior art. The material is all treated equally and thus the lowest common denominator is security with encryption and access restriction. Differential access is not possible based on signal quality measures and encrypting individual objects is a greater overall cost paid in the computational complexity of full encryption versus transfer function-based manipulations. The present invention uses transfer functions as a low-cost means for enabling open access to varying data objects, albeit in a downgraded level of quality intrinsic to the characteristics of the data, so as to allow for purchase decisions that may be made �on-the-fly.� Another baseline may be made for the embedding features contemplated herein. The advent of robust open watermarks represents a fairly good representation of how a watermark may survive given a wide breadth of signal manipulations and subjective imperceptibility measures. A ROW may be engineered to survive up to the limit of the signal quality expected, including perceptual coding (e.g., MP3, AAC, etc.), and may serve as a baseline for the least amount of quality for a given signal intended for streaming. Essentially, the signal quality may be represented as that quality for which a ROW, which survives a predetermined number of signal manipulations, may be successfully embedded and detected.
The decision to use such data scrambling instead of full-blown encryption represents a decision to handle data objects as they are, not as the channel handles data absolutely. Thus, the choice of transfer function-based scrambling may be less prone to generic attacks on an encryption system that addresses data, but does not address data characteristics. Encryption systems may suffer implementation weaknesses if a general encryption method encrypts each data object independent of a comparably inexpensive coding system. Thus, for each encrypted object, there is an underlying coded element that has either been �wrapped� by an encryption function, a file extension, or that each coded element is encrypted, independent on the underlying coding scheme. Hacks will be focused on the objects as they are decrypted without any penalty paid on the data object or its quality (represented in signal features or characteristics based on characteristics, such as, frequency, time, spatial, or bit depth). Total Recorder, Audio Jacker and similar applications simply route decrypted signal outputs to unsecure locations in a receiver's general computing device, without the encryption. Comparisons with the previously encrypted stream are now computational easy to enable generalized hacks of the system keys.
Sample Embodiment 1 Although this sample embodiment may be described in relation to digital music and video, it should be noted that the present invention is not so limited.
Sample Embodiment 2 Several companies give consumers the option of receiving advertisements in lieu of making a direct payment for the services that the companies provide. Examples of these services include EverAd for music, NetZero and Juno for Internet access, etc. The present invention provides a way to bridge a pay service with an advertisement delivery service, to create an individual mix for each consumer.
Sample Embodiment 3 Pay-per-view streams are one of the ways in which cable and satellite providers create additional revenue from their existing bandwidth. The present invention provides the ability to offer a pay-per-view event at a degraded quality until a key purchase was made. Each key purchase incrementally increases the quality of the stream. Additionally, the keys may be switched at predetermined intervals, such as 1 second, to allow higher quality �teasers� to induce purchase. For example, a consumer may view a one-time preview at the higher quality for 1 or 2 minutes by receiving the relevant keys. This may entice the consumer to purchase the higher quality stream.
Sample Embodiment 4 The present invention may provide the ability to combine several separate channels into a single window. According to one embodiment, a plurality of channels or data objects with varying applications of security may be provided to a web browser. An example of such includes a web browser with a channel of scrambled audio, watermarked advertising, and watermarked images that may be viewed and/or listened to by the user.
The advertising may be linked to the audio channel in a manner that is different from radio advertising. For example, the advertising channel may have a logical link to the audio stream. A user may purchase a higher quality audio signal by purchasing session keys that are linked to the scrambling state or to the embedded watermarks. The session keys may represent payments. Either one of the session keys, or the session keys collectively, may yield authenticatable data, embedded hashes or data related to the descrambling key(s), which may be converted in a logical manner, such as a payment estimator or �yield�-type measure, to dynamically adjust the overall payment for the channel in question.
Sample Embodiment 5 Network optimization protocols, including such technologies as caching and store and forward models for handling the allocation of bandwidth, or more particularly data objects, are based largely on estimating demands for data objects by a plurality of users who may be connected to the network in variety of ways. These users may have differing demands based on connection speed and other limitations for accessible bandwidth. The ability to dynamically handle the keys described in the present invention, including scrambling and embedding in some predetermined manner, also serves to enable network operators to better determine what quality levels are sought on a per data object basis, and how payments can be estimated, given user requests for keys that link quality and payment to the objects themselves. The variety of data objects, based on media type and bandwidth (measured in terms of bits per second and some predetermined quality level), is constantly monitored to assure the best use of bandwidth for any given network. By extension, the present invention enables any existing network to be based more closely on dynamic pricing models and dynamic handling of data object dependent or channel based keys to establish real time quality levels sought but those with access to the network.
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"A WWW Service to Embed and Prove Digital Copyright Watermarks", Proc. of the european conf. on Multimedia Applications, Services & Techniques Louvain-La-Nevve Belgium May 1996.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS20100205162 *Feb 6, 2009Aug 12, 2010Disney Enterprises, Inc.System and method for quality assured media file storage* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification380/252International ClassificationH04N7/167, H04K1/02Cooperative ClassificationH04N19/00557, H04N21/23476, G11B20/00985, H04L63/12, G11B20/0071, H04L9/00, H04L63/0428, H04N21/4405, G11B2020/00014, G11B20/00086, H04N21/2343, H04N7/1675, H04N21/8358, G11B20/00818, H04N21/23892, H04N21/2347, H04N21/44008, G11B20/00891, G11B20/0021European ClassificationH04N21/8358, H04N21/2389B, H04N21/2343, G11B20/00P11C, H04N21/2347P, H04N7/167D, H04N21/44D, H04N21/4405, H04L63/04B, H04N21/2347, G11B20/00P18A, G11B20/00P5, G11B20/00P14A, G11B20/00P10, G11B20/00P, H04N7/26E10Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 29, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 29, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: BLUE SPIKE, INC., FLORIDAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MOSKOWITZ, SCOTT;BERRY, MIKE;REEL/FRAME:018771/0777;SIGNING DATES FROM 20061220 TO 20061229Owner name: BLUE SPIKE, INC.,FLORIDAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MOSKOWITZ, SCOTT;BERRY, MIKE;SIGNED BETWEEN 20061220 AND20061229;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100225;REEL/FRAME:18771/777Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MOSKOWITZ, SCOTT;BERRY, MIKE;SIGNING DATES FROM 20061220TO 20061229;REEL/FRAME:018771/0777RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google