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ADA Checklist for Polling Places - PDF
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1 U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division Disability Rights Section Americans with Disabilities Act ADA Checklist for Polling Places February 2004
2 Reproduction Reproduction of this document is encouraged. Additional copies of this publication may be obtained, viewed or downloaded from the Publications section of the ADA Website (www.ada.gov) or by calling the ADA Information Line at (voice), (TTY). Disclaimer The ADA authorizes the Department of Justice to provide technical assistance to individuals and entities that have rights or responsibilities under the Act. This document provides informal guidance to assist you in understanding the ADA and the Department's regulation. However, this technical assistance does not constitute a legal interpretation of the statute. February 2004 i
3 Table of Contents Evaluating the Physical Accessibility of Polling Places 1 Getting Started... 2 Using the Polling Place Checklist 2 Taking Measurements 3 Completing the Checklist 4 After Completing the Survey 4 Getting to the Polling Place 5 A. Parking... 5 Typical Issues 5 Parking Checklist 6 Temporary Solutions for Election Day 8 B. Passenger Drop-Off Areas... 9 Typical Issues 9 Passenger Drop-Off Areas Checklist 10 Temporary Solutions for Election Day 11 C. Sidewalks and Walkways Part 1. Typical Issues for Voters Who Use Wheelchairs, Scooters, or Other Mobility Aids 12 Sidewalks and Walkways Checklist 13 Temporary Solutions for Election Day 15 Part 2. Typical Issues for Voters Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision 16 Sidewalks and Walkways Checklist 17 Temporary Solutions for Election Day 18 Entering the Polling Place 19 D. Building Entrance Typical Issues 19 Building Entrance Checklist 20 Temporary Solutions for Election Day 22 E. Hallways and Corridors Part 1. Typical Issues for Voters Who Use Wheelchairs, Scooters, or Other Mobility Devices 23 Halls and Corridors Checklist - Voters with Mobility Disabilities 24 Temporary Solutions for Election Day 28 Part 2. Typical Issues for Voters who are Blind or Who Have Low Vision 29 Halls and Corridors Checklist - Voters who are Blind or Who Have Low Vision 30 Temporary Solutions for Election Day 31 Using the Polling Place 32 F. Voting Area Typical Issues 32 Voting Area Checklist 33 Appendix A-1 ii
4 ADA Polling Place Checklist Evaluating the Physical Accessibility of Polling Places When choosing a new site for a polling place, elections officials should select a facility that is accessible to voters who use wheelchairs or scooters or who have difficulty walking. Planning for an upcoming election also gives elections officials the opportunity to improve existing polling places that are not accessible by using temporary elements, such as portable ramps, on election day or by working with building owners to make permanent alterations that improve the accessibility of the polling place. The following checklist is designed to help voting officials determine whether a polling place has basic accessible features needed by most voters with disabilities. It may be used when evaluating the accessibility of potential new polling places and when identifying physical barriers in existing polling places before temporary or permanent modifications are made to improve accessibility for elections. Individuals completing the checklist do not necessarily need to be experienced in evaluating buildings and facilities for accessibility. The checklist is designed to prompt the user to check key features by asking questions about sizes, sloped surfaces, and availability of accessible features, and in some areas it suggests alternatives if a physical barrier is identified. By following the directions provided for filling out the checklist, voting staff and volunteers can identify accessible polling places and develop information used for implementing temporary and permanent modifications. A voter enters an accessible polling place. 1
5 ADA Polling Place Checklist Checklist Instructions Getting Started An evaluation of polling place accessibility should focus on those areas of a facility that are important to voting. These often include parking for voters, a drop off or loading area, the entrance to the polling place, and the pedestrian routes (both exterior and interior) that voters use to get to the voter check-in and voting area. Before a polling place is evaluated, it is useful for staff or volunteers to review the instructions for using the checklist and become familiar with the questions. It is also helpful to practice taking measurements and recording information before beginning the evaluation. When staff arrive at a polling place, it is best to first determine the location of parking, including accessible parking (if any is provided), the entrance that will be used on election day, and the location of the voting area. If the survey is being done to determine the accessibility of a new location for a polling place, then the walk-through should look for areas that provide the best accessibility, where simple modifications may provide accessibility, or where it may be easiest to improve accessibility by adding temporary features. Using the Polling Place Checklist Tools and Documentation A few simple tools may be used to measure the sizes and the slope of specific elements and spaces: A metal tape measure at least 15-feet long A level with a bubble measure or a digital measure at least twenty-four inches long for measuring slope, and A clipboard, copy of the checklist (one copy per polling place), and pens or pencils. It is also a good idea to have a film or digital camera to document important areas that may need to be reviewed later. Any camera may be used to shoot photographs but one with a flash is most useful, particularly when indoor photos are needed. Use the Checklist to Record Data The checklist is designed to prompt the users on what to look at and where to measure. All answers and notes should be recorded on the checklist for use later in the planning process. When completed, the checklist should provide an indication of the level of accessibility at the polling place. If photographs are taken during the survey, it is helpful to note on the checklist that a photo was taken for later review of particular elements, spaces, or conditions. Completing Measurements and Recording Information One person can complete a survey of a polling place but it is often quicker and easier for two people to work together. One can be responsible for taking the measurements and the other for recording the information and taking any photographs. 2
6 ADA Polling Place Checklist Checklist Instructions Taking Measurements Sloped Surfaces One way to measure slope is to use a 24-inch level with leveling bubble and a tape measure. Place the level on the incline in the direction you wish to measure. Rest one end of the level at the highest point of the sloped surface and lift the other end (as shown in the illustration) until the bubble is in the middle of the tube. This is the level position. While the level is in this position, measure the distance between the end of the level and the sloped surface below. If the distance is 2 inches or less, then the slope is 1:12 or less. When the distance is greater than 2 inches, record the distance on the checklist so the exact slope may be calculated later if needed. Slopes may also be measured using a digital level. The digital display replaces the bubble and typically gives a reading that may be shown as a digital bubble, degrees, or a percent. Before using a digital level make sure to familiarize yourself with the directions. Many digital levels need to be calibrated each time they are used. If you can set the digital display to percent or degrees, the maximum slope generally allowed is 8.33% or 4.76 degrees (for a 1:12 slope). Measuring slope using a 24-inch level and tape measure Using the Tape Measure When measuring the width of a parking space or access aisle, the width of an accessible route or the height of an object above the floor, for example, try to keep the tape from sagging or bending. If the tape is not straight, try to support the tape in the middle or pull it tight and take the measurement again. Measuring Door Openings Measuring the clear opening of an accessible door requires special care. To measure the opening of a standard hinged door, open the door to 90 degrees. Place the end of the tape measure on the side of the door frame next to the clear opening (as shown in the drawing). Stretch the tape across the door opening to the face of the door. This measurement equals the clear open width of the door, which is typically less than the width of the door. Using a tape measure to measure the width of a parking space Measuring the clear opening from the face of the doorstop on the frame to the face of the open door 3
7 ADA Polling Place Checklist Checklist Instructions Completing the Checklist For each checklist item, check either yes or no. If the measurement or number falls short of that required for accessibility, write the measurement or number to the right of the question in the area under Comments. Add notes or comments as needed. For some questions when no is the answer, the checklist will include a prompt to check for an alternate solution. Information on alternate access can be used later as voting officials decide how to provide accessible voting. When completing the survey, it is important to try to answer every question in each section, unless, of course, the element is not present at the particular site under review. For example, if there is no parking provided on-site at the polling place, or only on-street parking is provided, there is no need to try to measure the size of the parking spaces or to count the number of parking spaces. The checklist is based on requirements from the ADA Standards for Accessible Design (Standards). Each item includes a reference to the technical requirements in the Standards from 28 C.F.R. Part 36, Appendix A. This reference is provided to assist users in looking up the requirement or related requirements when necessary. An electronic copy of the Standards is available on the ADA Website at Printed copies are also available from the ADA Information Line at (voice) or (TTY). After Completing the Survey Completed polling place surveys will provide the information needed to determine which sites are accessible and which may become accessible with permanent or temporary modifications. Checklists where most answers are yes will usually indicate an accessible polling place. Others, where some answers are no, may become accessible if permanent or temporary modifications are done to remove barriers. Polling places in older buildings may have few accessible features but some of these voting facilities may be able to be made accessible with temporary modifications, such as portable ramps at the entrance and accessible parking spaces marked off by traffic cones. There may also be some sites that cannot be made accessible so plans will be needed to offer accessible voting in some other way. For more information about temporary modifications, see Temporary Solutions for Election Day at the end of each section of this document. Alterations When State and local governments make permanent modifications or alterations to facilities that serve as polling places these alterations must comply with the ADA Standards. For more information visit the ADA Website to view or download the ADA Standards, technical assistance materials, and general ADA information. For specific questions about the ADA, call the Department of Justice ADA Information Line (voice) ( TTY) 4
8 Getting to the Polling Place A. Parking Typical Issues When parking is provided for voters, staff and volunteers, accessible parking must be provided for people with disabilities. Voters with disabilities who arrive by car need a parking space close to an accessible entrance. The accessible parking space has an adjacent access aisle that provides needed room for a person to open the car door fully and then stand with the aid of a walker, to transfer to a wheelchair, or to lower a wheelchair lift. The access aisle connects directly to an accessible route that leads to an accessible building entrance. In order to be usable, the access aisle must be relatively level, clear of gravel or mud, and the surface must be in good condition without wide cracks or broken pavement. An accessible route connects the access aisle of each accessible parking space with the accessible entrance to the polling place. When an accessible route crosses a curb, a curb ramp must be provided. If the accessible route connects the access aisle to the accessible entrance using the parking lot surface, a marked crosswalk should be provided on the vehicular route. Van-accessible parking spaces serve both cars and vans. A wide access aisle is needed so a wheelchair lift may be lowered from the van onto the level surface. 5
9 Polling Place Checklist Parking Spaces Comments Parking Spaces Checklist A1. If parking is available, count the total number of parking spaces provided for the polling place. Are the minimum number of accessible parking spaces provided, based on the total number of available parking spaces (see table below)? Total Spaces for Polling Place Required Minimum Number of Accessible Spaces van-accessible space w/ min. 96 inch wide access aisle space w/ min. 60 inch wide access aisle + 1 van-accessible space spaces w/ min. 60 inch wide access aisle + 1 van-accessible space If more than 75, see the ADA Standards for Accessible Design, section 4.1.2, for the number of accessible parking spaces. A2. Does each accessible parking space have its own, or share an adjacent access aisle that is least 60 inches (5 feet) wide? [ADA Stds 4.6.3] A3. Is there at least one van-accessible parking space provided with an access aisle that is at least 96 inches (8 feet) wide or are universal parking spaces provided with a 132 inches (11feet) wide vehicle space and a 60 inch (5 feet) wide access aisle? [ADA Stds 4.1.2(5), A4.6] A4. For van-accessible spaces, is there vertical clearance of at least 98 inches (8 feet - 2 inches) for the vehicle route to the parking space, the parking space, the access aisle and along the vehicle route to the exit? [ADA Stds 4.6.5] If : Can the route be cleared by removing or raising low objects or can each vanaccessible parking space be relocated? accessible route access aisle accessible route accessible route min min min min min min min min min Accessible Spaces for Cars Van-Accessible Spaces Universal Parking Spaces Plan Views of Accessible Parking Spaces Showing Minimum Width of Vehicle Space and Access Aisle. 6
10 Parking Spaces Comments A5. Are all accessible parking spaces, including the access aisle, relatively level (1:50 or 2%) in all directions? [ADA Stds 4.6.3] If : Look for a nearby area that is relatively level which could serve as an accessible parking space with an accessible route to the accessible entrance to voting. A6. Does each accessible parking space have a sign with the symbol of accessibility that is visible when a vehicle is parked in the space? [ADA Stds 4.6.4] A7. If there is a curb between the access aisle and the accessible route to the building, is there a curb ramp that meets the following requirements: [ADA Stds 4.7] a. Is the ramp surface at least 36 wide, excluding flared sides? [ADA Stds 4.7.3] 12 b. Is the slope (up or down the ramp) no more than 1:12? [ADA Stds 4.7.2] te: 1:12 is one inch of vertical height for each 12 inches in length in. min. Curb ramp showing minimum 36 inch width for ramp section and 1:12 slope on ramp section. A8. Are the accessible parking spaces serving the voting area on the shortest accessible route to the accessible entrance? [ADA Stds 4.6.2] A9. Does each access aisle connect to an accessible route from the parking area to the accessible building entrance? [ADA Stds 4.6.2] 7
11 Parking Spaces Temporary Solutions for Election Day Parking Problem One: Parking is available, but no accessible parking is provided or there are not enough accessible parking or van-accessible spaces. Suggestion: Find a relatively level parking area near the accessible entrance and then designate the area for accessible parking spaces and adjacent access aisles. Use three parking spaces to make two accessible parking spaces with an access aisle. Traffic cones or other temporary elements may be used to mark the spaces and access aisles. Provide a sign designating each accessible parking space and make sure the access aisle of each space is connected to the accessible route to the accessible entrance. Problem Two: Accessible parking is provided, but it does not have a marked access aisle next to each accessible space. Suggestion: Restripe the accessible parking spaces to provide an access aisle. As a temporary solution for election day, use traffic cones to mark off the access aisle and curb ramp area. The first accessible parking space provided should be a vanaccessible parking space with an access aisle that is at least 96 inches wide. Problem Three: Accessible parking spaces or access aisles are on a sloped surface. Suggestion: Find a parking area that is close to the accessible entrance and more level. Provide accessible parking spaces and access aisles in that area. Make sure the accessible parking spaces connect to an accessible route to the entrance. Provide a sign designating each accessible parking space. Three standard parking spaces are converted into an accessible parking space with an access aisle. Cones mark the access aisle and a temporary curb ramp with edge protection connects to an accessible route to the polling place. Problem Four: sign with the international symbol of accessibility is installed at each accessible parking space. Suggestion: Provide a temporary sign in front of each accessible parking space. 8
12 B. Passenger Drop-Off Areas Typical Issues Some voters with disabilities will be driven to the polling place and dropped off near an entrance in a passenger drop-off area. If the polling place is served by passenger drop-off areas, then at least one drop-off area must be accessible. An accessible drop-off area, also known as an accessible passenger loading zone, must have a level access aisle, adjacent and parallel to the vehicle space. Where a curb separates the vehicle space from the access aisle or the access aisle from an accessible route, a curb ramp must be provided so people with disabilities can get to the accessible route leading to the accessible entrance tes: 1 Access aisle depth is at least 5 feet. 2. Access aisle length is at least 20 feet. 3. Curb ramp connects access aisle to the accessible route to the accessible entrance of the polling place. The access aisle may be at the street level or at sidewalk level. If it is at the sidewalk level, a curb ramp is provided between the street and the sidewalk. If the access aisle is at the street level, the curb ramp is provided between the access aisle and the sidewalk (as shown). Accessible Passenger Drop-off and Loading Area 9
13 Passenger Drop-Off Areas Comments Passenger Drop-Off Areas Checklist If a passenger loading area is provided, you should answer the following questions. B1. Is a relatively level (1:50 or 2% maximum slope in all directions) access aisle provided adjacent and parallel to the side of the vehicle pull-up area? [ADA Stds 4.6.6] If, look for another relatively level location that is on an accessible route. B2. Is the vehicle space relatively level (2% maximum slope in all directions)? B3. Is the area for the access aisle at least 5-feet wide and 20-feet long? [ADA Stds 4.6.6] te: Unlike an accessible parking space, the surface for the access aisle does not have to be marked or striped. B4. Is the vertical height for the vehicle route to the loading zone, the drop off area, and the exit at least 114 inches (9 feet 6 inches) in height? [ADA Stds 4.6.5] B5. Is a curb ramp provided between the vehicle pull up area and the access aisle (see figure above) or the access aisle and the accessible route (see figure on page 9) to the accessible entrance? [ADA Stds 4.6.6] If, is there another area with a curb ramp connected to an accessible route that could serve as the drop-off area? B6. If a curb ramp is provided, is the slope of the ramp surface (not counting the side flares) no more than 1:12? [ADA Stds 4.7.2] 12 B7. Is the width of the curb ramp surface at least 36 inches? [ADA Stds 4.7.3] 36 in. min 1 B8. Does an accessible route connect the curb ramp to the accessible entrance? [ADA Stds 4.1.2(1)] 10
14 Passenger Drop-Off Areas Temporary Solutions for Election Day Passenger Drop-Off Areas Problem: A passenger drop-off and loading zone is provided but there is no curb ramp between the vehicle area and the sidewalk leading to the accessible polling place entrance. Suggestion: Provide a portable ramp with edge protection in an area where the vehicle area and the sidewalk are relatively level. The curb ramp must connect to an accessible route to the accessible polling place entrance. If the drop-off and loading zone is not relatively level, consider relocating the accessible drop-off area and using one parking space next to the area where accessible parking is located to provide an accessible drop-off and loading zone. Cones or another temporary barrier may be needed to keep the parking space clear. A portable ramp with edge protection is used to provide an accessible route from the drop-off and loading area to the accessible polling place entrance. 11
15 C. Sidewalks and Walkways Part 1. Typical Issues for Voters Who Use Wheelchairs, Scooters or Other Mobility Aids There must be at least one exterior accessible route that connects accessible passenger drop-off areas, accessible parking spaces, and other accessible elements, for example a route from a bus stop to an accessible building entrance. The accessible route is essential for people who have difficulty walking or who use wheelchairs or other mobility aids to get to the accessible entrance of the polling place. An accessible route is at least 36 inches wide and may narrow briefly to 32 inches wide where utility poles, post-mounted signs, furniture, and doorways are located along an accessible route. Abrupt level changes, steps, or steeply sloped sidewalks cannot be part of an accessible route. Where ramps are used, they cannot be steeper than 1:12. Ramps with a vertical rise of more than 6 inches must have handrails on both sides. Ramps must also have edge protection to stop wheelchairs from falling off the sides, and level landings at the top and bottom of each segment and where a ramp changes direction tes: 1 Accessible route. 2. Accessible drop-off area. 3. Accessible parking with vanaccessible parking space. 4 Accessible entrance to polling place. 3 An accessible entrance to a polling place with accessible parking and an accessible drop-off area. 12
16 Sidewalks and Walkways - Part 1 Comments Sidewalks and Walkways Checklist - Voters with Mobility Disabilities C1-1. Is an accessible route provided from accessible parking spaces to the accessible entrance of the building? [ADA Stds 4.1.2(1), 4.3] te: If the accessible route crosses a vehicular route, a marked crosswalk should be used. C1-2. Is an accessible route provided from public sidewalks and public transportation stops on the polling site (if provided) to the accessible entrance of the building? [ADA Stds 4.1.2(1)] C1-3. Is the accessible route at least 36 inches wide? If, the accessible route may narrow to 32 inches wide for up to 2 feet in length. C1-4. Is the accessible route free of steps and abrupt level changes over 1/2 inch? te: Level changes between 1/4 inch and 1/2 inch should be beveled. C1-5. Where an accessible route crosses a curb is a curb ramp provided? If yes, 5a. Is the ramp surface at least 36 inches wide, excluding flared sides? [ADA Stds 4.7.3] 5b. Is the slope (up or down the ramp) no more than 1:12? [ADA Stds 4.7.2] te: 1:12 is one inch of vertical height for 12 inches of horizontal distance. C1-6. If the slope of part of the accessible route is greater than 1:20, does this part meet the following requirements for an accessible ramp? 6a. Is the ramp slope no greater than 1:12? [ADA Stds 4.8.2] te: For existing ramps, the slope may be 1:10 for a 6 inch rise and 1:8 for a 3 inch rise in special circumstances (see ADA Stds 4.1.6(3)). 6b. Is the ramp width, measured between handrails, at least 36 inches? [ADA Stds 4.8.3] 13
17 Sidewalks and Walkways - Part 1 Comments 6c. Does the ramp have a level landing at the top and bottom of each ramp section that is at least 60 inches long? [ADA Stds 4.8.4] te: The level landing may be part of the sidewalk or walking surface. 6d. If a ramp is more than 30 feet long, is a level landing at least 60 inches long provided every 30 feet of horizontal length? [ADA Stds 4.8.4] te: When the running slope is less than 1:16 and more than 1:20, each ramp segment may be up to 40 feet long followed by a level landing. 6e. Is a level landing, at least 60 inches by 60 inches, provided where a ramp changes direction? [ADA Stds 4.8.4] 6f. Are the handrails mounted between 34 and 38 inches above the ramp surface? [ADA Stds 4.8.5] 6g. If the ramp or landing has a vertical drop-off on either side of the ramp, is edge protection provided? [ADA Stds 4.8.7] tes: At least 36 inches between handrails Top landing part of walk 3. Bottom landing part of walk 4 Handrail height 34 to 38 inches 5 Edge protection Accessible Ramp Features 14
18 Sidewalks and Walkways - Part 1 Temporary Solutions for Election Day Sidewalks and Walkways - Voters with Mobility Disabilities Problem One: The sidewalk connecting parking to the polling place entrance is too steep to be accessible. Suggestion: Check to see if there is another sidewalk that provides an accessible route to the accessible entrance. Sometimes there is a less direct route that can serve as the accessible route. Problem Two: The accessible route crosses a curb and no curb ramp is provided. Suggestion: Install a portable ramp with edge protection. Problem Three: One or two steps are part of the walkway leading to the accessible entrance. Suggestion: Install a portable ramp no steeper than 1:12 slope with edge protection and handrails. A portable ramp with edge protection is installed over a curb to provide an accessible route. 15
19 Polling Place Checklist C. Sidewalks and Walkways Part 2. Typical Issues for Voters Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision Objects that are wall-mounted, that project into a pedestrian route from the side, or that are overhead must be located so that people who are blind or who have low vision will either detect the objects before they run into them or safely pass under them. Examples include handrail extensions on stairs and ramps, post or wall-mounted signs, outdoor drinking fountains, and tree limbs that are lower than 80 inches above the walk. Pedestrian routes open to voters, such as sidewalks, courtyards, and plazas, must be free of overhanging objects that are less than 80 inches above the route. Objects more than 27 inches and less than 80 inches above the route that protrude from the side more than 4 inches are also a hazard. Because people can walk on any sidewalk, not just the accessible routes, all exterior pedestrian routes serving or leading to the voting area must be checked. The following checklist applies to sidewalks and walkways leading to the polling place and voting area. 3 1 tes: 1 The bottom of the handrail extensions turn down so a person who is blind or has low vision can detect the hazard before running into it. 2 Signs or other objects in the pedestrian route can be a hazard if the bottom is more than 27 inches but less than 80 inches above the route Objects that overhang the pedestrian route must be at least 80 inches above the route. Common objects along pedestrian routes to a polling place that can be hazards to people who are blind or have low vision. 16
20 Sidewalks and Walkways - Part 2 Comments Sidewalks and Walkways Checklist - Voters Who are Blind or Who Have Low Vision C2-1. Are all sidewalks and walkways to the voting area free of any objects (e.g., wall-mounted boxes, signs, handrail extensions, trees) with bottom edges that are higher than 27 inches but less than 80 inches above the walkway and that extend more than 4 inches into the sidewalk or walkway? [ADA Stds 4.4, 4.2.1(3), 4.1.3(2)] If, can the object be lowered, removed, or modified or can the route be changed to avoid the object? This wall-mounted box is mounted too high to be detectable by a person who is blind. Placing an object, like this sign, under the box provides a way to warn the person before they walk into the side of the box. C2-2. Are the undersides of exterior stairs enclosed or protected with a canedetectable barrier so that people who are blind or have low vision will not hit their heads on the underside? [ADA Stds 4.4.2] If, can a barrier or enclosure be added below the stair or can the route be relocated away from the stair? When the underside of a stair is open, it is a hazard to people who are blind or have low vision. Enclosing the area below the stair or installing a cane-detectable barrier helps the person to stop before hitting her head. 17
21 Sidewalks and Walkways - Part 2 Comments C2-3. Are all objects that hang over the pedestrian routes 80 inches or more above the route? If, can the objects be removed or relocated, or can a detectable object be added below? At least 80 inches above walk Temporary Solutions for Election Day Sidewalks and Walkway Hazards Problem One: Branches or other objects over a walkway or pedestrian route are lower than 80 inches above the walk. Suggestion: Prune the branches or remove the items that are hanging below 80 inches. Another approach is to install a detectable barrier under the item that is too low. The detectable barrier or object must be within the detectable range of 27 inches or less above the route. Problem Two: One or more objects protrude too far from the side into the circulation path causing a hazard for people who are blind or who have low vision. Suggestion: When people who are blind or who have low vision use a cane to detect hazards, objects located at 27 inches or lower are detectable. When an object is located more than 27 inches off the ground it is a hazard if the object protrudes more than 4 inches into the circulation path. To make a protruding object detectable: Place an object or a barrier below the protruding object in the cane-detectable area not more than 27 inches above the floor. If the protruding object can be moved, lower the object so its bottom is within the canedetectable area (not more than 27 inches above the floor). Prune or alter the protruding object so it does not protrude over the path. 18
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