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1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC First edition Tap-changers Part 2: Application guide Reference number IEC :2004(E)
3 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC First edition Tap-changers Part 2: Application guide IEC 2004 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: Telefax: Web: Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission Международная Электротехническая Комиссия PRICE CODE For price, see current catalogue W
4 IEC:2004(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD...4 INTRODUCTION Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols and abbreviations Types of tap-changer General On-load tap-changers Off-circuit tap-changers Liquid-immersed tap-changers Dry-type tap-changers Other types Protective devices Selection of tap-changers General On-load tap-changers Off-circuit tap-changers Location of liquid-immersed tap-changers Tap selectors Diverter and selector switches Fittings Valves, air-release vents and liquid sampling devices Liquid level gauges Low liquid level alarms Nameplate and other plates Devices to aid maintenance Dehydrating breathers Field service (operation, maintenance and monitoring) Operation Maintenance Monitoring in service Information to be provided by the transformer manufacturer Information required at the enquiry or order stage for an on-load tap-changer Information required with enquiry or order for off-circuit tap-changers Documentation Protection and safety Protection Safety aspects Immersing medium...37
5 IEC:2004(E) 3 Figure 1 External separate selector and diverter compartments (for mounting on the end or side of the transformer)...9 Figure 2 External mounted selector switch tap-changer (for mounting on the end or side of the transformer)...10 Figure 3 External mounted in-tank with separate barrier board...10 Figure 4 In-tank separate selector and diverter switch...12 Figure 5 In-tank selector switch tap-changer...13
6 IEC:2004(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION TAP-CHANGERS Part 2: Application guide FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as IEC Publication(s) ). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and nongovernmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC has been prepared by IEC technical committee 14: Power transformers. This standard cancels and replaces IEC (1976) and its amendment 1 (1988). This first edition constitutes a technical revision of that standard. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS 14/490/FDIS Report on voting 14/492/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
7 IEC:2004(E) 5 IEC consists of the following parts, under the general title Tap-changers: Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods Part 2: Application guide The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under " in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
8 IEC:2004(E) INTRODUCTION The recommendations in this application guide represent advice to the tap-changer manufacturer and purchaser. It is stressed that the responsibility for the correct application of the fully assembled tapchangers in connection with the transformer lies with the manufacturer of the transformer.
9 IEC:2004(E) 7 TAP-CHANGERS Part 2: Application guide 1 Scope This part of IEC is intended to assist in the selection of tap-changers designed in accordance with IEC for use in conjunction with the tapped windings of transformers or reactors. It is also intended to assist in understanding the various types of tap-changers and their associated equipment available. The application guide covers on-load tap-changers (resistor and reactor types) and off-circuit tap-changers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC :1993, Power transformers Part 1: General Amendment 1(1999) 1 IEC :2000, Power transformers Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air IEC :2000, Power transformers Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit IEC :2004, Power transformers Dry-type transformers IEC :2003, Tap-changers Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods IEC 60296:2003, Fluids for electrotechnical applications Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear IEC 60354:1991, Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers IEC 60599:1999, Mineral oil-impregnated electrical equipment in service Guide to the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC apply. 4 Symbols and abbreviations DGA Dissolved gas analysis HVDC High-voltage direct current PST Phase-shifting transformer 1 There exists a consolidated edition 2.1 (2000) that includes edition 2.0 and its amendment.