Source: http://www.paragraf.ies.krakow.pl/paragraf-na-drodze-12017/
Timestamp: 2017-11-23 01:45:13
Document Index: 33281518

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'in fine', 'in fine', 'in fine', 'in fine', 'in fine', 'in fine', 'Art. 45']

Paragraf na Drodze 1/2017 | Paragraf na Drodze
pojazdów. Uwagi na tle teorii i praktyki stosowania prawa. Część 1
The penal regulation of the failure to comply with disqualification from driving.
Remarks in view of the theory and practice of application of the law. Part 1
Zakaz prowadzenia pojazdów, pojazd mechaniczny, nierespektowanie sądowego zaka­zu prowadzenia pojazdów.
The subject of the article is a reflection on the penal regulation – Article 178a(4) in fine of the Penal Code in fine. The aim of the first part of the article is to draw attention to the legal nature of the said measure, as well as to its relationship with the provision which criminalises, among others, a failure to comply with disqualification from driving (Article 244 of the Criminal Code). Furthermore, this part refers to opinions of the literature and judicature, which contributed to developing the proper meaning of some of the statutory criteria of the offence from Article 178a(4) in fine of the Criminal Code. The analyses use the formal-dogmatic method which allows several conclusions. First of all, it should be noted that Article 178a(4) in fine of the Criminal Code is a part of the traditional convention of creating modified varieties of offences, as the so-called abridged description of the basic type was updated with additional criteria which, de facto, underlined the degree of seriousness of the perpetrator's behaviour. One should also approve of the view stating that there is no cumulative concurrence of provisions of the act between Article 178a(4) in fine of the Criminal Code and Article 244 of the Criminal Code as defined in Article 11(2) of the Criminal Code. The above findings as well as the judicial interpretation of some of the criteria of the offence from Article 178a(4) in fine of the Criminal Code (which will continue in the second part of the article) presented in this part should therefore be used for the correct interpretation of the said provision.
Disqualification from driving, motor vehicle, a failure to comply with disqualification from driving
Czynniki mające wpływ na powodowanie niebezpieczeństwa
Factors contributing to causing danger in road traffic
Zasady bezpieczeństwa, sprowadzenie niebezpieczeństwa, nietrzeźwość, stan po użyciu środków odurzających, zmęczenie, stan zdrowia, reakcja psychomotoryczna, czynniki rozpraszające uwagę, sprawność techniczna pojazdów, ucieczka z miejsca wypadku, stan dróg, organizacja ruchu
The article raises a number of significant issues related to causing threat in road traffic. This is a subject that has so far largely escaped the attention of researchers, but it is important, especially as it concerns issues that can be thought of as being in the foreground of traffic offences or after they have occurred. The author discusses the issue of causing threat on three levels: human behaviour; technical factors; and roads and the organisation of traffic. He analyses the issue not only from a legal point of view but also a criminological one. He indicates that, in terms of human behaviour, there are many elements causing threat, which are frequently dependent on the given person, but also sometimes beyond his/her control. The author points to issues linked with the weakening of psychomotor reactions, the use of alcohol and psychoactive substances, the driver’s state of health, fatigue, and other issues related to, e.g., the qualifications of the driver, his/her experience, as well as factors affecting reaction time. Furthermore, he discusses issues related to the effect of poor conditions of vehicles, the state of the road and road equipment (signage, barriers, lighting etc.), as well as traffic management, on accident rates. He tries to show that evaluations linked with the causes of the evoked threat in road traffic should not focus exclusively on participants in the accident.
Safety rules, causing threat, insobriety, state after use of drugs, fatigue, state of health, psychomotor reaction, distracting factors, the principle of technical efficiency, fleeing from the scene of the incident (hit and run), the state of roads and road equipment, traffic organisation.
The ban on using a mobile phone while driving
Bezpieczeństwo ruchu, jazda, kierujący pojazdem, pojazd, słuchawka, telefo
The subject of the article is the ban on using a phone requiring holding of the earpiece
or microphone (handset) in the hand by the driver of a car while driving under Art. 45
Paragraph 2 point 1 of the Road Traffic Law. The deliberations focus on the aim of this ban, the range of subjects and objects encompassed by it, the concept of using the phone, the meaning of the term “while driving”, the use by vehicle drivers of phones in practice, and the sanctioning (punishing) of violations of this ban.
Traffic safety, driving, vehicle driver, vehicle, handset (earpiece), telephone
Z problemów rekonstrukcji wypadków i opiniowana
Błędne ustalenie koronera dotyczące pasów bezpieczeństwa.
Malpractice of coroner’s report concerning safety belt fastened. A case study
Koroner, wypadek drogowy, obrażenia klatki piersiowej, pasy bezpieczeństwa
The authors present a case of incorrect verdict on the causes of the death of a car crash victim, recorded by a coroner from Canada. This traffic accident took place on a crossroad in a Canadian town, where two cars moving at the speed limit had a head-on collision. The woman passenger of the Saturn car was wearing the safety belt. Because of the chest pain and head injury she was taken to hospital where, after a few hours she died due to the left subclavian artery and vein injury. The coroner did an autopsy and following its results and the police report recorded a verdict stating that the injuries of artery and left subclavian vein were resulted from the functioning of the seatbelt. The victim was sitting on the front passenger seat, therefore the chest (shoulder) part of the seatbelt ran around the right, but not the left shoulder. The coroner’s conclusions were wrong, but he closed the case without appointing a team of experts.
Coroner, traffic accident, injuries of the thorax, seat belt
The capacity of speed readout and printout directly from digital tachograph
memory and from data stored after tachograph data downloading.
Data stored in GPS systems
Tachograf cyfrowy, rejestracja prędkości, wydruk V-diagram, przechowywanie danych, wydruki z programu Tachospeed, GPS
The article presents a description of the possibilities of printing the diagram showing the speed at which the tachograph equipped vehicle was moving, and obtaining printouts from Tachospeed program from the stored data which were downloaded from the digital tachograph. The article is a reference to the article by M. Ogłoziński published in the Paragraf na Drodze No 11/2016 in which, on page 63, he states: ”the speed data are accessible at any time after the incident, however only with respect to the last 24 hours of vehicle driving”. Taking into consideration the present author’s knowledge and experience, this information does not seem precise. The possibilities to access and acquire the speed data depend on many factors, which was discussed in the article. The aim of the article is to indicate to court experts the sources and methods of obtaining the printout of the speed at which the tachograph or GPS equipped vehicle was moving immediately prior to the incident on the road.
Digital tachograph, speed recording, V-diagram printout, data storage, Tachospeed program, GPS.
Czy i kiedy kierowcy mającemu pierwszeństwo można przypisać przyczynienie
się do wypadku bądź jego skutków. Analiza pewnego przypadku
Can and when the driver with the right of way be imputed the contribution
of accident or its effects. Analysis of an accident
Wypadek drogowy, analiza czasowo-przetrzenna, chwila powstania stanu zagrożenia, analiza możliwości uniknięcia wypadku, manewr obronny
Using the case of a collision of two cars at a junction of a major and a minor roads the author presents and comments on the differences in the contents of two separate court witness reports, related to the threat origination, the possibility of avoiding the accident and the assessment of the behaviour of the driver who had the right of way. The author is critical about the court’s decision as to performing the time-distance analysis for the speed allowed at a given road section.
Traffic accident, time-distance analysis, moment of threat origination, analysis of the possibility of avoiding accident, defensive manoeuvre
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