Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4544289B2/en
Timestamp: 2020-01-29 01:30:14
Document Index: 121638545

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 10', 'art 20', 'art 10', 'art 20', 'art 10', 'art 20', 'art 10', 'art 20', 'art 10', 'art 20', 'art 10', 'art 20']

JP4544289B2 - Communication device, communication method, and communication system - Google Patents
Communication device, communication method, and communication system Download PDF
JP4544289B2
JP4544289B2 JP2007292586A JP2007292586A JP4544289B2 JP 4544289 B2 JP4544289 B2 JP 4544289B2 JP 2007292586 A JP2007292586 A JP 2007292586A JP 2007292586 A JP2007292586 A JP 2007292586A JP 4544289 B2 JP4544289 B2 JP 4544289B2
JP2007292586A
JP2009124192A (en
2007-11-09 Application filed by ソニー株式会社 filed Critical ソニー株式会社
2007-11-09 Priority to JP2007292586A priority Critical patent/JP4544289B2/en
2009-06-04 Publication of JP2009124192A publication Critical patent/JP2009124192A/en
2010-09-15 Publication of JP4544289B2 publication Critical patent/JP4544289B2/en
The present invention relates to a communication device, a communication method, and a communication system.
In recent years, communication devices that perform non-contact communication such as non-contact type IC cards and RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) have become widespread. This communication apparatus has, for example, an antenna coil, and performs non-contact communication by magnetic field coupling using an alternating magnetic field in the antenna coil. The magnetic field coupling by such a communication device is suitable for non-contact communication at a short distance such as a proximity type.
Further, a communication device that can be used for the non-contact type IC card or the like is thin and small because it is mounted on the card.
On the other hand, in recent years, there has been a demand for transmitting and receiving a larger amount of data at high speed. For example, a communication device that transmits and receives data by using a plurality of communication systems (for example, a plurality of communication lines and a plurality of communication systems). (Composite radio) may be desired.
Therefore, for example, when a plurality of communication systems are to be incorporated in a communication device such as a non-contact type IC card, it is necessary to arrange an antenna for each of the plurality of communication systems in one communication device. In such a communication device incorporating a plurality of antennas, coupling between antennas of each communication system in the communication device (for example, magnetic field coupling in an antenna coil such as a loop antenna) occurs, and interference due to this coupling is a problem. It becomes.
The influence (for example, noise) due to this interference is more conspicuous as the distance between the antennas in one communication device is shorter. Therefore, if the distance between the antennas is increased in order to suppress the influence of interference, there is a possibility that downsizing of the communication device is hindered. On the other hand, there are many cases where the distance between the antennas cannot be made sufficiently long due to restrictions such as the design of the communication device body.
In addition, it is conceivable to change the frequency band used in each communication system and use a filter to remove noise. However, even with such a method, there is a limit in suppressing the influence of interference.
In recent years, portable electronic devices such as notebook computers and mobile phones have a plurality of wireless systems based on various standards, and such interference due to coupling between antennas has become a problem. .
In addition, the following two points are specifically mentioned as a problem of the interference by the coupling between antennas here. That is, the first point is that a transmission signal of one system antenna of a transmission side communication device is received by an antenna of another system of the reception side communication device, and the received signal is a reception signal of an antenna of another system. The problem is that the S / N ratio is reduced and the communication is hindered (hereinafter, also referred to as “S / N ratio problem”). The second point is a problem that the antenna efficiency is reduced by the operation of one antenna in one communication apparatus preventing the operation of the other antenna (hereinafter also referred to as “antenna efficiency problem”). . That is, according to the second problem, the performance of the antenna itself is deteriorated by arranging the antennas of other systems in the vicinity, the gain is lowered, and the reception power is reduced.
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce interference that may occur between each communication system and reduce non-interference. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved communication apparatus, communication method, and communication system capable of performing contact communication.
In order to solve the above-described problem, according to an aspect of the present invention, a first communication unit that performs non-contact communication by magnetic field coupling and a non-contact communication that is disposed in a magnetic field generated by the first communication unit and is coupled by electric field coupling. A second communication unit configured to generate an electric field that vibrates in a direction substantially parallel to a vibration direction of the magnetic field at a position where the magnetic field intersects the second communication unit. A communication device is provided.
According to this configuration, for example, when the communication device performs transmission, the first communication unit can generate a magnetic field and perform non-contact communication by magnetic field coupling. The second communication unit can generate an electric field and perform non-contact communication by electric field coupling. At this time, since the second communication unit is disposed in the magnetic field generated by the first communication unit, the magnetic field generated by the first communication unit intersects the second communication unit. Further, the second communication unit generates an electric field that vibrates in a direction parallel to the vibration direction of the magnetic field at the intersecting position. Note that the term “substantially parallel” as used herein is not completely parallel, but parallel to such an extent that interference between the electric field of electric field coupling and the magnetic field of magnetic field coupling can be ignored in non-contact communication, that is, parallel in non-contact communication. This means parallelism that can be considered (the same applies hereinafter).
Basically, a change in the electric field is accompanied by a change in the magnetic field, and the vibration direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the electric field. Further, magnetic fields or electric fields having components whose vibration directions coincide with each other interfere with each other. Accordingly, an electric field and a magnetic field whose vibration directions are perpendicular to each other also interfere with each other. These interferences affect electric field coupling or magnetic field coupling. On the other hand, magnetic fields or electric fields whose vibration directions are perpendicular to each other hardly interfere with each other, and similarly, an electric field and a magnetic field whose vibration directions are parallel to each other hardly interfere with each other.
In the communication device having the above-described configuration, the vibration direction of the magnetic field at the position where the magnetic field generated by the first communication unit intersects the second communication unit is parallel to the vibration direction of the electric field generated by the second communication unit. is there. Therefore, the communication apparatus can make it difficult to interfere with the magnetic field generated by the first communication unit and the electric field generated by the second communication unit.
The first communication unit has an antenna coil for magnetic field coupling, the second communication unit has a flat-plate electric field coupling electrode for electric field coupling, and the electric field coupling electrode is an antenna. You may arrange | position so that at least one part of the magnetic flux generated by a coil may intersect perpendicularly.
According to this configuration, a magnetic field (that is, magnetic flux) for magnetic field coupling can be generated by the antenna coil. An electric field for electric field coupling can be generated by the electric field coupling electrode. At this time, the flat electric field coupling electrode can generate at least an electric field that vibrates from one surface in a direction perpendicular to the surface. Further, at least a part of the magnetic flux generated by the antenna coil intersects the electric field coupling electrode vertically. Therefore, the vibration direction of the electric field generated by the electric field coupling electrode and the direction of the magnetic flux are parallel in the vicinity of the electric field coupling electrode. Note that the term “vertical” as used herein is not completely vertical, but can be regarded as vertical in such a manner that interference between the electric field of electric field coupling and the magnetic field of magnetic field coupling can be ignored in non-contact communication, that is, vertical in non-contact communication. This means the degree of verticality (the same shall apply hereinafter).
Further, the antenna coil and the electric field coupling electrode may be disposed on substantially the same plane.
According to this configuration, the vibration direction of the magnetic field at the position where the magnetic field generated by the antenna coil intersects the electric field coupling electrode can be made parallel to the vibration direction of the electric field generated by the electric field coupling electrode. Note that the same plane here is not the completely same plane, but the same plane that can ignore the interference between the electric field of electric field coupling and the magnetic field of magnetic field coupling in non-contact communication, that is, non-contact. It means the same plane that can be regarded as the same plane in communication (hereinafter the same).
The electric field coupling electrode may be disposed at the center of the antenna coil.
Note that the magnetic field generated by the antenna coil becomes weaker toward the center of the antenna coil. Therefore, the influence of the magnetic field generated by the antenna coil on the electric field coupling electrode can be further reduced by arranging the electric field coupling electrode at the center of the antenna coil where the magnetic field generated by the antenna coil is weakened. Further, since the electric field coupling electrode can be accommodated in the loop of the antenna coil, the communication device can be miniaturized.
The electric field coupling electrode may have slits formed radially from the center.
According to this configuration, it is possible to make it difficult to generate an eddy current due to the magnetic flux intersecting the electric field coupling electrode.
The first communication unit receives authentication data for authenticating the communication device of the communication partner from the communication device of the communication partner, and the second communication unit sends a predetermined communication to the communication device of the communication partner according to the authentication data. Data may be sent.
According to this configuration, it is possible to enhance communication security with respect to the communication device of the communication partner and transfer data efficiently.
In order to solve the above-described problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, a magnetic field is generated to perform non-contact communication by magnetic field coupling, and an electric field is generated in the magnetic field to perform non-contact communication by electric field coupling. There is provided a communication method characterized by generating and generating an electric field so as to vibrate in a direction substantially parallel to a vibration direction of a magnetic field at a position where the electric field is generated.
According to this configuration, interference between the electric field for electric field coupling and the magnetic field for magnetic field coupling can be suppressed.
In order to solve the above-described problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, an antenna coil that performs non-contact communication by magnetic field coupling and a magnetic field generated by the antenna coil are disposed, and non-contact communication is performed by electric field coupling. And the electric field coupling electrode generates an electric field that vibrates in a direction substantially parallel to the vibration direction of the magnetic field at a position where the magnetic field intersects the electric field coupling electrode. An antenna module is provided.
In order to solve the above problems, according to another aspect of the present invention, a communication system that performs non-contact communication between two communication devices, each of the two communication devices being non-contacted by magnetic field coupling. A first communication unit that performs contact communication and a second communication unit that performs non-contact communication by electric field coupling. In the communication device on the transmission side, the first communication unit generates a magnetic field to perform magnetic field coupling. The second communication unit is disposed in the magnetic field generated by the first communication unit, and generates an electric field that vibrates in a direction substantially parallel to the vibration direction of the magnetic field at a position where the magnetic field intersects the second communication unit. A communication system is provided that is characterized by generating.
As described above, according to the present invention, non-contact communication can be performed while having a plurality of communication systems and reducing interference that may occur between the communication systems.
First, before describing the communication apparatus and the like according to each embodiment of the present invention, the problem of the S / N ratio and the problem of antenna efficiency will be described with reference to FIG. In the following, first, the problem of antenna efficiency will be described as an example.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for describing a magnetic field when two antenna coils are arranged close to each other in one communication device.
As shown in FIG. 11, when a signal voltage for transmission is applied to one of the two antenna coils 90A and 90B (for example, the antenna coil 90A), the antenna coil 90A is used for magnetic field coupling that performs one-line non-contact communication. A magnetic field H is generated. At this time, if both antenna coils 90A and 90B are arranged close to each other in order to reduce the size of the communication device 9, the magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 90A wraps around the outside of the antenna coil 90A, and the other Crosses the antenna coil 90B. In the other antenna coil 90B, an electromotive force is generated in a direction that prevents the magnetic field H due to electromagnetic induction by the magnetic field H from the antenna coil 90A. As a result, the magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 90A is weakened, and the gain of the antenna coil 90A is reduced. On the other hand, the gain of the magnetic field generated by the antenna coil 90B is similarly reduced by the antenna coil 90A. That is, the two antenna coils 90A and 90B in one communication device 9 are coupled to each other, thereby reducing the efficiency of the antenna.
In addition, such an influence caused by electromagnetic induction may occur not only in the same communication device 9 but also between the communication device on the transmission side and the communication device on the reception side. That is, the magnetic field generated by one antenna coil on the transmission side is received by the other antenna coil on the reception side. Then, the received magnetic field becomes noise in other systems, and the S / N ratio is lowered (problem of S / N ratio).
Such problems are mainly due to, for example,
1) Use of magnetic field coupling in two systems of non-contact communication 2) Caused by the fact that each of the two systems of non-contact communication uses a parallel magnetic field.
The inventor of the present invention has studied the communication device and as a result, has come up with the problems as exemplified above. The inventor of the present invention has completed the invention of the communication apparatus according to the present invention, which can solve these problems and can further improve the performance. Therefore, hereinafter, the communication device according to each embodiment of the present invention will be described.
First, the configuration of the communication apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a configuration of a communication apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 schematically shows a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure in which this communication apparatus performs non-contact communication with another communication apparatus. Here, the transmission side is referred to as a communication device 1 and the reception side is referred to as a communication device 2. 1 shows the communication device 1 on the transmission side, and the following description will focus on the communication device 1 on the transmission side. However, as shown in FIG. 2, the communication device 2 on the reception side is also a communication device on the transmission side. 1 can be configured. Of course, it is also possible for the communication device 2 on the receiving side to transmit and the communication device 1 on the transmitting side to receive it.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the communication device 1 according to the present embodiment includes a first communication unit 10 and a second communication unit 20. The first communication unit 10 and the second communication unit 20 are supported by, for example, a support substrate (not shown) and constitute a part of the communication device 1. The communication device 1 has two communication systems and can transmit and receive a plurality of information at the same time. Hereinafter, a case will be described in which the communication device 1 is a communication device that mainly performs proximity-type non-contact communication, for example.
(First communication part)
The first communication unit 10 performs magnetic field coupling as non-contact communication of the first system. The first communication unit 10 includes, for example, an antenna coil 11.
The antenna coil 11 is an example of an antenna that performs non-contact communication of the first system by magnetic field coupling, and is formed in a coil shape within the xy plane shown in FIG. This antenna coil 11 is also referred to as a “loop antenna”. The antenna coil 11 is connected to a signal processing circuit (not shown) via a terminal 12, and a transmission signal (voltage or current) output from the signal processing circuit is applied. A current flows through the antenna coil 11 by this transmission signal. The antenna coil 11 generates a magnetic field H by this current. Although FIG. 1 shows a case where the antenna coil 11 is a three-turn coil, the number of turns of the antenna coil 11 is not limited to this.
The transmission signal output from the signal processing circuit is, for example, an alternating voltage or current, and the magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 11 is also an alternating magnetic field. Although FIG. 1 shows a case where the magnetic field H is generated upward, the magnetic field H has an amplitude that oscillates upward or downward according to an AC transmission signal. The xy plane on which the antenna coil 11 is formed is also referred to herein as a “coil forming surface”. The magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 11 intersects the coil forming surface substantially vertically not only inside the coil but also outside the coil. That is, the magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 11 has an amplitude that vibrates in a substantially vertical direction (z-axis direction) on the coil forming surface. As shown in FIG. 2, the vibration direction of the magnetic field H on the coil formation surface is also referred to herein as “magnetic field vibration direction D H ”.
The first communication unit 10 includes the antenna coil 11 as an example of an antenna that performs non-contact communication of the first system by magnetic field coupling. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and the proximity type is achieved by magnetic field coupling. Any form of antenna capable of performing non-contact communication is possible.
(Second communication part)
The second communication unit 20 performs electric field coupling as non-contact communication of the second system. Since the second communication unit 20 performs non-contact communication by electric field coupling, it is also referred to as an “electric field coupler”. The second communication unit 20 includes an electric field coupling electrode (hereinafter also simply referred to as “coupling electrode”) 21, a connection signal line 22, a stub 23, an input / output signal line 24, and a substrate 25. Have.
First, the connection relationship of each component will be described.
The coupling electrode 21 is formed in a flat plate shape, and a connection signal line 22 is connected below the center of the flat plate. The connection signal line 22 electrically connects the coupling electrode 21 and the stub 23. The stub 23 is disposed between the input / output signal line 24 and the connection signal line 22. The input / output signal line 24 is connected to a signal processing circuit (not shown) via a terminal 26, and a second transmission signal (voltage or current) output from the signal processing circuit is applied. That is, the transmission signal of the second system output from the signal processing circuit is input to the input / output signal line 24 via the terminal 26, transmitted through the input / output signal line 24, and input to the stub 23. The transmission signal input to the stub 23 is transmitted to the coupling electrode 21 via the connection signal line 22, and an electric field E is generated in the coupling electrode 21. In the case of the communication device 2 on the receiving side, the received signal is transmitted to the signal processing circuit along the reverse path. On the other hand, the substrate 25 is formed of an insulator or the like, the stub 23 is formed on the surface thereof, and supports each component in the second communication unit 20. The second communication unit 20 may be provided with a separate support member (not shown) for supporting the coupling electrode 21 and the like, but this support member is preferably formed of an insulator, for example. .
As shown in FIG. 3A, when the connection signal line 22 is arranged at a position S that is offset by a predetermined distance from the substantially central position O of the coupling electrode 21, an uneven current flows in the in-plane direction of the coupling electrode 21. It behaves like a microstrip antenna. That is, the coupling electrode 21 emits an unnecessary radio wave, for example, a radio wave of a transverse wave that travels in a direction (z-axis direction) to be propagated. On the other hand, like the communication devices 1 and 2 according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. 3B, the connection signal line 22 is arranged at substantially the center position O of the coupling electrode 21, and the current is even in the in-plane direction of the coupling electrode 21. Flows.
The stub 23 is formed, for example, as a conductor pattern on the substrate 25, and the other end is connected to the ground. More specifically, a conductive ground layer (not shown) is formed on the surface of the substrate 25 opposite to the surface on which the stub 23 is formed. The stub 23 is, for example, at an end G (end in the negative x-axis direction in FIG. 1) opposite to the end (end in the positive x-axis direction in FIG. 1) to which the input / output signal line 24 is connected. Short-circuited by being connected to the ground layer through a through hole (not shown) formed in the substrate 25.
The length L1 of the stub 23 in the signal transmission direction is preferably about one half of the wavelength in the frequency band of the transmission / reception signal. In this case, since the end portion of the stub 23 in the negative x-axis direction is short-circuited, a standing wave due to a transmission / reception signal can be generated in the stub 23. That is, in the stub 23, the voltage at the end (tip) in the x-axis positive / negative direction of FIG. 1 is approximately 0 V (node), and the center voltage is the maximum value (antinode). Further, the connection signal line 22 is connected to the center position of the stub 23 (position about a quarter of the wavelength from the tip). Therefore, the connection signal line 22 can transmit a transmission signal whose amplitude can be a maximum value to the coupling electrode 21, and the coupling electrode 21 can perform electric field coupling with high propagation efficiency.
Here, although a case where a distributed constant circuit is used as a configuration for performing impedance matching or the like is shown, a lumped constant circuit can also be used.
Here, the electric field E generated by the second communication unit 20 will be described.
In general, as an electric field emitted from an antenna, for example, a “radiated electric field” that attenuates in inverse proportion to the distance from the antenna, an “induction electric field” that attenuates in inverse proportion to the square of the distance from the antenna, and a distance from the antenna There is a “quasi-electrostatic field” that attenuates in inverse proportion to the third power of. On the other hand, an arbitrary current distribution is considered to be a collection of current distributions flowing through a minute dipole, and the electric field induced thereby has the same property (for example, “Antenna / Radio Wave Propagation” written by Yayoto Mushiaki (Corona, 16 Page to page 18).). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the second communication unit 20 is approximated as a minute dipole 30 that is extended in the direction in which communication is desired, that is, the z-axis direction (the direction in which the connection signal line 22 is formed). Then, the electric field E emitted from the minute dipole 30 is expressed by the following (Formula 1) and (Formula 2).
Here, R is a distance from the minute dipole 30, θ is an angle from the axial direction of the minute dipole 30, φ is a rotation angle around the axis of the minute dipole 30, and j is a current flowing through the minute dipole 30. Density, ε represents a dielectric constant, and p and k represent constants, respectively.
As shown in the above (Equation 1) and (Equation 2), two types of electric fields E θ and E R are emitted from the microdipole 30 roughly. The electric field E theta, a field component that oscillates in the propagation direction perpendicular to the direction (transverse wave component), the electric field E R is the electric field component that oscillates in the direction of propagation parallel to the direction (longitudinal wave component). Then, the electric field E theta, includes a radiation field, induction field, the electrostatic field of the electric field E R comprises an induced electric field, electrostatic field does not contain a radiation field.
On the other hand, in the communication apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, an electric field at θ = 0 ° is mainly used in order to set the z-axis direction as the information propagation direction. In this case, while the E theta = 0 from the (Formula 1), from the (Formula 2) It can be seen that E R is maximum value.
Therefore, the second communication unit 20 performs non-contact communication without using a radiation electric field that propagates relatively far, and is particularly suitable for proximity-type non-contact communication. Note here also referred to as "electric field oscillation direction D E" to indicate the vibration direction of the electric field E R in Fig.
(Positional relationship between the first communication unit and the second communication unit)
As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the 1st communication part 10 and the 2nd communication part 20 are arrange | positioned on the same plane. At this time, the second communication unit 20 is disposed in the magnetic field H generated by the first communication unit 10. More specifically, the coupling electrode 21 of the second communication unit 20 is disposed on the coil forming surface of the antenna coil 11 of the first communication unit 10 and in the vicinity of the first communication unit 10 outside the coil. As a result, at least a part of the magnetic field H used for magnetic field coupling of the first communication unit 10 intersects the coupling electrode 21 of the second communication unit 20. At this time, the magnetic field vibration direction D H of the magnetic field H crosses perpendicularly to the coupling electrode 21. Therefore, the magnetic field oscillation direction D H in the surface of the coupling electrode 21 is parallel to the electric field vibration direction D E of the electric field E coupling electrode 21 of the second communication unit 20 is used for electric field coupling. In other words, the magnetic field vibration direction DH and the electric field vibration direction DE are parallel to each other on the coil formation surface (see FIG. 2). The electric field and the magnetic field whose vibration directions are parallel to each other hardly affect each other, and the communication device 1 is provided between the first communication unit 10 that is the first communication system and the second communication unit 20 that is the second communication system. Two-way non-contact communication can be performed by reducing interference (a problem of antenna efficiency) due to coupling.
More specifically, the reason why interference due to the coupling between the first communication unit 10 and the second communication unit 20 is reduced will be described. In general, a change in electric field is accompanied by a change in magnetic field, and a change in magnetic field is accompanied by a change in electric field. The direction of vibration of the magnetic field and the direction of vibration of the electric field are perpendicular to each other. Further, magnetic fields or electric fields having components whose vibration directions coincide with each other interfere with each other. Therefore, interference also occurs between an electric field and a magnetic field whose vibration directions are perpendicular to each other. These interferences affect electric field coupling or magnetic field coupling. On the other hand, magnetic fields or electric fields whose vibration directions are perpendicular to each other hardly interfere with each other, and similarly, interference hardly occurs between a magnetic field and an electric field whose vibration directions are parallel to each other.
In contrast, according to the communication apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, the magnetic field vibration direction D H of the magnetic field H is parallel to the electric field vibration direction D E of the electric field E coupling electrode 21 is generated. Therefore, the communication device 1 can prevent the transmission signal from the antenna coil 11 from being coupled to the coupling electrode 21. Further, according to the communication device 1, it is possible to prevent the transmission signal from the coupling electrode 21 from being coupled to the antenna coil 11. In this regard, a case where the second communication unit 20 is approximated to the minute dipole 30 as shown in FIG. 4 will be described as follows.
In this case, the direction from the second communication unit 20 approximated to the minute dipole 30 toward the first communication unit 10 is θ = 90. Therefore, in the electric field E generated from the second communication unit 20, E θ becomes a maximum value and E R = 0 from the above (Equation 1) and (Equation 2). Therefore, a transverse wave whose vibration direction is the z-axis direction propagates to the antenna coil 11. However, the vibration direction of the transverse wave is parallel with the magnetic field oscillation direction D H of the magnetic field H on the coil forming surface of the antenna coil 11. Therefore, according to the communication device 1, it is possible to prevent the transmission signal from the coupling electrode 21 from being coupled to the antenna coil 11.
In general, the direction of vibration of the electric field is substantially equal to the direction of current flowing through the antenna that generates the electric field (the direction of vibration of electrons), and the direction of vibration of the magnetic field is orthogonal to the direction of current flowing through the antenna that generates the magnetic field. Based on this point, the influence of transmission signals from other communication units in each communication unit will be described as follows.
The vibration direction of electrons in the vicinity of the coupling electrode 21 of the second communication unit 20 is an electric field vibration direction DE . Further, the magnetic field oscillation direction D H at the location of the second communication portion 20 of the magnetic field H the antenna coil 11 of the first communication unit 10 is generated, is parallel to the vibration direction of the electron (electric field vibration direction D E). Therefore, the direction of the vibration direction of the electric field accompanying the magnetic field H is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the electrons in the coupling electrode 21. Therefore, the communication device 1 can prevent the electric field generated by the magnetic field H from reducing the generation efficiency of the electric field E in the coupling electrode 21. On the other hand, as described above, the vibration direction of the electric field that can be generated in the direction of the antenna coil 11 by the second communication unit 20 is the z-axis direction. Therefore, the direction of current flowing in the antenna coil 11 (direction in the xy plane) is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the electric field. Therefore, the communication device 1 can prevent this electric field from reducing the generation efficiency of the magnetic field H in the antenna coil 11. The magnetic field that can be generated by the second communication unit 20 in the direction of the antenna coil 11 does not penetrate the antenna coil 11. Therefore, the influence of this magnetic field can be ignored.
That is, according to the communication device 1 according to the present embodiment, it can be seen that the problem of the antenna efficiency can be improved. Note that the terms “parallel”, “vertical”, “coplanar”, etc. in the above description do not require strict “parallel”, “vertical”, “coplanar” properties, It means that it can be regarded as “parallel”, “vertical” and “same plane” as long as they do not affect each other (the same shall apply hereinafter).
Moreover, according to the communication apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment, it is possible to improve the said S / N ratio problem for the same reason.
(Example of effects according to the first embodiment)
The communication device 1 according to the present embodiment has been described above.
As described above, the communication device 1 includes the first communication system that performs non-contact communication by magnetic field coupling and the second communication system that performs non-contact communication by electric field coupling, and has a magnetic field used for magnetic field coupling. The vibration direction and the vibration direction of the electric field used for electric field coupling are configured to be parallel.
With this configuration, the communication device 1 includes the first communication unit 10 that performs non-contact communication of the first communication system and the second communication unit 20 that performs non-contact communication of the second communication system, and operates them simultaneously. It is possible. And the communication apparatus 1 can reduce the mutual interference by the coupling | bonding between the two communication parts in the one communication apparatus 1 (issue of antenna efficiency). Moreover, the communication apparatus 1 can also prevent that the communication part of one communication system of a transmission side couple | bonds with the communication part of the other communication system of a reception side (problem of S / N ratio).
Therefore, according to the communication apparatus 1, the 1st communication part 10 and the 2nd communication part 20 can be arrange | positioned closely, and it is also possible to reduce an apparatus in size. In the communication apparatus 1, it is also possible to change the frequency band of the signal used for each communication system and filter the signal by a signal processing unit (not shown) to further suppress noise and interference.
Further, according to the communication device 1, it is possible to transmit / receive two data at a time (not necessarily in time) by simply bringing the communication device 2 close to the communication partner 1 once. The non-contact communication using the electric field coupling by the second communication unit 20 operates efficiently even at a high frequency, so that data can be transferred at high speed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the communication device 1 can enhance communication security and transfer data at high speed. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of the operation of the communication device 1 according to the present embodiment.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, first, the first communication unit 10 receives authentication data for authenticating the communication device 2 from the communication device 2 that is a communication partner via non-contact communication using magnetic field coupling ( S01).
A signal processing unit (not shown) connected to the first communication unit 10 and the second communication unit 20 acquires this authentication data and determines whether or not the communication device 2 is an appropriate communication partner. (S02).
The signal processing unit outputs a transmission signal generated from the data to be transferred to the second communication unit 20 when the communication device 2 is an appropriate communication partner. As a result, the second communication unit 20 transmits data to be transferred to the communication device 2 via electric field coupling (S03).
At this time, a high-frequency signal can be used as a transmission signal applied to the second communication unit 20. Therefore, data transfer by the second communication unit 20 can be performed at high speed. In other words, according to the communication device 1, such two data communication can be performed at high speed only by bringing the communication device 1 close to the communication partner once, so that the operability of the communication device 1 can be improved. On the other hand, since the communication device 1 can be formed thin, it is suitable for mounting a mobile phone or a card, for example. Therefore, for example, by applying the communication device 1 to a device having a credit function, it is possible to perform authentication and billing at a high speed only by holding the device once over a communication partner.
On the other hand, in proximity contactless communication such as contactless IC cards and RFIDs, the communicable distance is shorter than other communication methods. Therefore, in this non-contact communication, it is necessary to always determine where the position of the antenna for transmission is, and to align the positions of both antennas so that the antenna for reception is superimposed on that position. Therefore, in a conventional communication device that performs non-contact communication incorporating a plurality of communication systems, for example, when performing non-contact communication such as proximity type at the same time, the transmission side and the reception side are overlapped with the antenna position of each communication system. The position of the antenna on the side must be moved, which is not convenient. Therefore, hereinafter, a communication apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention that can improve such usability will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a configuration of a communication apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 schematically shows a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure which one communication apparatus which concerns on a form performs non-contact communication with another communication apparatus. In the present embodiment, the transmission side is referred to as the communication device 3 and the reception side is referred to as the communication device 4. 6 shows the communication device 3 on the transmission side. In the following description, the communication device 3 on the transmission side will be mainly described. However, as shown in FIG. 7, the communication device 4 on the reception side is also a communication device on the transmission side. 3 can be configured. Of course, it is possible for the communication device 4 on the reception side to transmit and the communication device 3 on the transmission side to receive.
Similar to the communication device 1 according to the first embodiment, the communication device 3 according to the present embodiment includes a first communication unit 10 and a second communication unit 20. And although the communication apparatus 3 which concerns on this embodiment differs in the positional relationship of this 1st communication part 10 and the 2nd communication part 20 with respect to the communication apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, It is the same. Therefore, below, it demonstrates centering on the positional relationship of the 1st communication part 10 and the 2nd communication part 20, and the description about the other similar point is abbreviate | omitted.
As shown in FIG.6 and FIG.7, also in the communication apparatus 3 which concerns on this embodiment, the 1st communication part 10 and the 2nd communication part 20 are arrange | positioned on the same plane. At this time, the second communication unit 20 is disposed in the magnetic field H generated by the first communication unit 10. Then, the coupling electrode 21 of the second communication unit 20 is disposed substantially at the center of the coil on the coil forming surface of the antenna coil 11 of the first communication unit 10. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the center position O of the coupling electrode 21 of the second communication unit 20 substantially coincides with the center of the antenna coil 11 of the first communication unit 10. As a result, the magnetic field H used for magnetic field coupling of the first communication unit 10 intersects the coupling electrode 21 of the second communication unit 20 as in the first embodiment. At this time, the magnetic field vibration direction D H of the magnetic field H crosses perpendicularly to the coupling electrode 21. Therefore, the magnetic field oscillation direction D H in the surface of the coupling electrode 21 is parallel to the electric field vibration direction D E of the electric field E coupling electrode 21 of the second communication unit 20 is used for electric field coupling. In other words, the magnetic field vibration direction DH and the electric field vibration direction DE are parallel to each other on the coil formation surface. The electric field and the magnetic field whose vibration directions are parallel to each other hardly affect each other, and the communication device 3 according to the second embodiment is also the first communication system, like the communication device 1 according to the first embodiment. Interference due to the coupling between the communication unit 10 and the second communication unit 20 that is the second communication system can be reduced to perform two systems of non-contact communication.
Further, according to the communication device 3 according to the present embodiment, the center of the antenna coil 11 that is the communication surface of the first communication unit 10 and the center O of the coupling electrode 21 that is the communication surface of the second communication unit 20 are provided. Match. Therefore, the communication device 3 can easily align the communication units even when two communication systems are operated simultaneously, and can improve operability. And according to the communication apparatus 3 which concerns on this embodiment, since both the antenna coil 11 and the electrode 21 for a coupling | bonding can be arrange | positioned in the same space as the space which the antenna coil 11 single-piece | unit occupies, the communication apparatus 3 is small-sized. It is possible to
Further, the strength of the magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 11 generally decreases as it goes to the center as shown in FIG. Therefore, since the communication device 3 according to the present embodiment arranges the coupling electrode 21 at the center of the antenna coil 11 in which the magnetic field H is reduced, further interference (that is, coupling) between the coupling electrode 21 and the antenna coil 11. ) Can be further suppressed.
Note that the communication device 3 according to the present embodiment can also solve the antenna efficiency problem and the S / N ratio problem by the same operation as the communication device 1 according to the first embodiment. Needless to say, the communication device 1 according to the embodiment can also achieve the effects.
<Eddy current generated in coupling electrode>
Here, the eddy current generated in the coupling electrode 21 included in the communication devices 1 and 3 according to the first and second embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an eddy current generated in the coupling electrode.
As described above, in both the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 11 intersects the coupling electrode 21 vertically. Therefore, a vortex current (eddy current) is generated in the coupling electrode 21 by the effect of electromagnetic induction by the intersecting magnetic fields H. This eddy current cancels the magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 11 and decreases the coupling efficiency of the first communication system by the antenna coil 11.
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the magnetic field that intersects the coupling electrode 21 is a small part of the magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 11. The eddy current is perpendicular to the electric field vibration direction D E (z-axis direction) of the electric field E oscillated by the coupling electrode 21. Therefore, the influence of the eddy current on the coupling efficiency by the antenna coil 11 and the generation efficiency of the electric field E by the coupling electrode 21 is small. Therefore, the communication devices 1 and 3 according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment can sufficiently exhibit their operational effects.
However, if the influence of the eddy current is further reduced, the coupling efficiency of the first communication system by the antenna coil 11 can be further improved. Therefore, a communication apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention that can further reduce the influence of this eddy current will be described below with reference to FIG.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a configuration of a communication apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The communication device 5 according to the present embodiment includes a coupling electrode 51 instead of the coupling electrode 21 included in the communication device 3 according to the second embodiment. Since the other configuration of the communication device 5 according to the present embodiment is the same as that of the communication device 3 according to the second embodiment, a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
The coupling electrode 51 included in the communication device 5 according to the present embodiment is disposed in the same manner as the coupling electrode 21 included in the first embodiment and the second embodiment. Therefore, the coupling electrode 51 can be efficiently coupled via the electric field E.
However, the coupling electrode 51 included in the communication device 5 according to this embodiment is different from the coupling electrode 21 included in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and the center position O is centered from the outer periphery of the coupling electrode 21. And a plurality of slits 52 formed radially. Since the slit 52 can cut off the current path of the eddy current, the eddy current can be made difficult to flow. Therefore, according to the communication device 5 according to the present embodiment, the coupling efficiency of the antenna coil 11 can be further improved.
The current flowing through the coupling electrode 21 is supplied from the connection signal line 22 connected to the center position O, and is transmitted radially from the center position O (see FIG. 3B). Therefore, by forming the slits 52 radially around the center position O, the coupling efficiency of the antenna coil 11 can be further improved without reducing the electric field coupling efficiency by the coupling electrode 21. Note that the slit 52 is desirably formed so thin that the ratio to the area of the coupling electrode 21 does not increase.
Note that the communication device 5 according to the present embodiment can solve the problems of the antenna efficiency and the S / N ratio by the same operation as the communication device 3 according to the second embodiment. Needless to say, the communication device 3 according to the second embodiment can also achieve effects such as improving the operability while reducing the size of the device.
The configuration of the communication devices 1, 3, 5, etc. according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention has been described above. Next, a specific configuration when these communication devices 1, 3, and 5 are mounted on other devices will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, a case where the communication device 3 according to the second embodiment is mounted on another device will be described as an example. However, the same configuration can be applied when the communication devices 1 and 5 according to other embodiments are mounted on other devices.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a configuration of a communication device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the transmission-side communication device 6, and the following description will focus on the transmission-side communication device 6, but the reception-side communication device is similar to the transmission-side communication device 6. It is possible to configure. It is of course possible for the communication device on the reception side to transmit and the communication device 6 on the transmission side to receive it.
Similar to the communication device 3 according to the second embodiment (see FIG. 6), the communication device 6 according to the present embodiment includes a first communication unit 10 and a second communication unit 20. And each structure of the 1st communication part 10 and the 2nd communication part 20 is formed and arrange | positioned as follows.
That is, the substrate 25 includes an insulating layer 63 formed of an insulating material and a grounded conductive ground layer 64, and each layer is formed by being laminated. Then, the stub 23 is laminated on the insulating layer 63. The stub 23 is connected to the ground layer 64 through a through hole (not shown) formed in the insulating layer 63 of the substrate 25 and is short-circuited. The ground layer 64 functions as a ground for the stub 23 and also serves as a shield for suppressing the influence on the antenna coil 11 by a magnetic field from other metal parts.
On the other hand, the antenna coil 11 or the coupling electrode 21 is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the second substrate 61 made of an insulating material, for example, by etching. By arranging the antenna coil 11 on the upper surface, the efficiency of magnetic field coupling by the antenna coil 11 can be increased. By disposing the coupling electrode 21 on the lower surface, the connection between the coupling electrode 21 and the stub 23 can be facilitated, and the manufacturing process can be facilitated. That is, the coupling electrode 21 and the stub 23 are connected by the connection signal line 22, and the connection signal line 22 is configured by a pin with a spring. Then, the second substrate 61 is stacked on the substrate 25 at a position separated by a predetermined distance. Then, the pin (connection signal line 22) is pressed against the coupling electrode 21 by the elastic force of the spring, and the coupling electrode 21 is electrically connected to the stub 23 via the pin.
A magnetic layer 62 made of a magnetic material and having a high magnetic permeability is disposed between the substrate 25 and the second substrate 61. The magnetic layer 62 not only serves as a spacer between the substrate 25 and the second substrate 61 but also serves to secure a path for the magnetic field H generated by the antenna coil 11 as shown in FIG. Bear. The magnetic layer 62 can keep the characteristics (for example, coupling characteristics) of the antenna coil 11 favorable by concentrating the magnetic field H in the magnetic layer 62 in this way. Furthermore, since the distance between the stub 23 and the coupling electrode 21 can be accurately adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the magnetic layer 62, the manufacturing accuracy can be increased.
The communication device 6 according to the present embodiment configured as described above also has the problem of the antenna efficiency and the S / N due to the same action as the communication devices 1, 3, and 5 according to the first to second embodiments. Needless to say, the communication apparatuses 1, 3, and 5 according to the first to second embodiments can also achieve effects such as solving the problem of the ratio.
For example, in the above embodiment, the communication apparatus has been described as having two communication systems. That is, the case where the first communication unit 10 and the second communication unit 20 can operate independently from each other and transmit and receive different signals has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to such an example. For example, the first communication unit 10 and the second communication unit 20 can cooperate. That is, for example, the first communication unit 10 and the second communication unit 20 can transmit the same information of 1. It is also possible to configure one redundant communication system by transmitting and receiving the same information between the first communication unit 10 and the second communication unit 20.
In the above embodiment, a single communication device has been described. However, in the case of the first embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 and the like, the communication device 1 on the transmission side and the communication device 2 on the reception side constitute one system by performing contactless communication with each other. Of course it is possible.
It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure of the communication apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the cross-sectional view in the AA of FIG. 1 roughly, and demonstrating the structure which one communication apparatus which concerns on the embodiment performs non-contact communication with another communication apparatus. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the electric current which flows into the electrode for coupling | bonding. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the electric current which flows into the electrode for coupling | bonding which concerns on the same embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the electric field which the 2nd communication part which concerns on the embodiment generates. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of an operation of the communication apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure of the communication apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the cross section in the BB line of FIG. 6 roughly, and demonstrating the structure which one communication apparatus which concerns on the embodiment performs non-contact communication with another communication apparatus. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the eddy current which generate | occur | produces in the electrode for coupling | bonding. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure of the communication apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure of the communication apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating a magnetic field when two antenna coils are arrange | positioned adjacently in one communication apparatus.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Communication device 10 First communication unit 11 Antenna coil 12 Terminal 20 Second communication unit 21, 51 Coupling electrode 22 Connection signal line 23 Stub 24 Input / output signal line 25 Substrate 26 Terminal 30 microdipole 61 second substrate 62 magnetic layer 63 insulating layer 64 ground layer H field E, E θ, E R field D H field oscillation direction D E field vibration directions 9 communication device 90A, 90B antenna coil
A first communication unit that performs non-contact communication by magnetic field coupling;
A second communication unit arranged in a magnetic field generated by the first communication unit and performing non-contact communication by electric field coupling;
The second communication unit generates an electric field that vibrates in a direction substantially parallel to a vibration direction of the magnetic field at a position where the magnetic field intersects the second communication unit,
The second communication unit includes a flat-plate electric field coupling electrode for performing the electric field coupling,
The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the electric field coupling electrode has slits formed radially from the center.
A high-frequency signal transmission path for transmitting data;
An electric field coupling electrode which is connected to one end of the transmission path and stores electric charge;
A ground for storing a mirror image charge for the charge opposite to the electric field coupling electrode;
A resonating portion for increasing the current flowing into the electric field coupling electrode, comprising a distributed constant circuit or a lumped constant circuit;
Forming a minute dipole consisting of a line segment connecting the center of the electric charge stored in the electric field coupling electrode and the center of the mirror image charge stored in the ground;
And wherein the transmitting the high frequency signal toward a predetermined receiver disposed opposite to the direction and angle θ is approximately 0 degrees microdipole the second communication unit to form a communication apparatus.
The first communication unit has an antenna coil for performing the magnetic field coupling,
The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the electric field coupling electrode is arranged so that at least a part of a magnetic flux generated by the antenna coil intersects perpendicularly.
The communication device according to claim 3, wherein the antenna coil and the electric field coupling electrode are arranged on substantially the same plane.
The communication device according to claim 4, wherein the electric field coupling electrode is disposed at a center of the antenna coil.
The first communication unit receives authentication data for authenticating the communication device of the communication partner from the communication device of the communication partner,
The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the second communication unit transmits predetermined data to the communication device of the communication partner according to the authentication data.
The first communication unit generates a magnetic field to perform non-contact communication by magnetic field coupling,
A second communication unit generates an electric field in the magnetic field to perform non-contact communication by electric field coupling; and
Generating the electric field so as to vibrate in a direction substantially parallel to a vibration direction of the magnetic field at a position where the electric field is generated;
The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the electric field coupling electrode has slits formed radially from the center.
The high-frequency signal is transmitted to a predetermined receiver disposed so as to face each other so that an angle θ formed with the direction of a minute dipole formed by the second communication unit is approximately 0 degrees. Method.
A communication system for performing contactless communication between two communication devices,
Each of the two communication devices is
A second communication unit that performs non-contact communication by electric field coupling;
In the communication device on the transmission side,
The first communication unit generates a magnetic field to perform the magnetic field coupling,
The second communication unit is disposed in the magnetic field generated by the first communication unit, and vibrates in a direction substantially parallel to a vibration direction of the magnetic field at a position where the magnetic field intersects the second communication unit. Generate an electric field that
The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the electric field coupling electrode has slits formed radially from the center.
The high-frequency signal is transmitted to a predetermined receiver disposed so as to face each other so that an angle θ formed with the direction of a minute dipole formed by the second communication unit is approximately 0 degrees. system.
JP2007292586A 2007-11-09 2007-11-09 Communication device, communication method, and communication system Active JP4544289B2 (en)
JP2007292586A JP4544289B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2007-11-09 Communication device, communication method, and communication system
US12/266,702 US8240562B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2008-11-07 Communication apparatus, communication method, antenna module and communication system
JP2009124192A JP2009124192A (en) 2009-06-04
JP4544289B2 true JP4544289B2 (en) 2010-09-15
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JP2007292586A Active JP4544289B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2007-11-09 Communication device, communication method, and communication system
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KR101928438B1 (en) 2012-08-08 2019-02-26 삼성전자주식회사 Electromagnetic wave generator and bit generator using oscillation of charged particle
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