Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2008024385A2/en
Timestamp: 2019-09-16 04:42:19
Document Index: 223095509

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

WO2008024385A2 - Lighting device and lighting method - Google Patents
WO2008024385A2
WO2008024385A2 PCT/US2007/018543 US2007018543W WO2008024385A2 WO 2008024385 A2 WO2008024385 A2 WO 2008024385A2 US 2007018543 W US2007018543 W US 2007018543W WO 2008024385 A2 WO2008024385 A2 WO 2008024385A2
PCT/US2007/018543
WO2008024385A8 (en
2007-08-22 Application filed by Cree Led Lighting Solutions, Inc. filed Critical Cree Led Lighting Solutions, Inc.
2008-02-28 Publication of WO2008024385A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008024385A2/en
2008-06-12 Publication of WO2008024385A8 publication Critical patent/WO2008024385A8/en
A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor. If each solid state light emitter is illuminated and each lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted has x, y color coordinates within an area defined by the coordinates 0.32, 0.40; 0.36, 0.48; 0.43, 0.45; 0.42, 0.42; and 0.36, 0.38. The lumiphor(s) comprises phosphor particles, in the range of from 3 to 7 micrometers (or 5-15, 10-20, or 15-25 micrometers), or having a mean particle size of 5, 10, 15, 20 micrometers. Also, a lighting device comprising at least one emitter and at least one lumiphor in which the lumiphor comprises phosphor particles having sizes as mentioned above, where the lighting device has an efficacy of at least 60 (or 70, or 80) lumens per watt.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/839,453, filed August 23, 2006, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Background of the Invention A large proportion (some estimates are as high as twenty-five percent) of the electricity generated in the United States each year goes to lighting. Accordingly, there is an ongoing need to provide lighting which is more energy-efficient. It is well-known that incandescent light bulbs are very energy-inefficient light sources — about ninety percent of the electricity they consume is released as heat rather than light. Fluorescent light bulbs are more efficient than incandescent light bulbs (by a factor of about 10) but are still less efficient than solid state light emitters, such as light emitting diodes.
Color reproduction is typically measured using the Color Rendering Index (CRI Ra). CRI Ra is a modified average of the relative measurement of how the color rendition of an illumination system compares to that of a reference radiator when illuminating eight reference colors, i.e., it is a relative measure of the shift in surface color of an object when lit by a particular lamp. The CRI Ra equals 100 if the color coordinates of a set of test colors being illuminated by the illumination system are the same as the coordinates of the same test colors being irradiated by the reference radiator. Daylight has a high CRI (Ra of approximately 100), with incandescent bulbs also being relatively close (Ra greater than 95), and fluorescent lighting being less accurate (typical Ra of 70-80). Certain types of specialized lighting have very low CRI Ra (e.g., mercury vapor or sodium lamps have Ra as low as about 40 or even lower). Sodium lights are used, e.g., to light highways - driver response time, however, significantly decreases with lower CRI Ra values (for any given brightness, legibility decreases with lower CRI Ra).
Accordingly, for these and other reasons, efforts have been ongoing to develop ways by which light emitting diodes can be used in place of incandescent lights, fluorescent lights and other light-generating devices in a wide variety of applications. In addition, where light emitting diodes are already being used, efforts are ongoing to provide light emitting diodes which are improved, e.g., with respect to energy efficiency, color rendering index (CRI Ra), contrast, efficacy (lm/W), and/or duration of service. Light emitting diodes are well-known semiconductor devices that convert electrical current into light. A wide variety of light emitting diodes are used in increasingly diverse fields for an ever-expanding range of purposes.
More specifically, light emitting diodes are semiconducting devices that emit light (ultraviolet, visible, or infrared) when a potential difference is applied across a p-n junction structure. There are a number of well-known ways to make light emitting diodes and many associated structures, and the present invention can employ any such devices. By way of example, Chapters 12-14 of Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, (2d Ed. 1981) and Chapter 7 of Sze, Modern Semiconductor Device Physics (1998) describe a variety of photonic devices, including light emitting diodes. The commonly recognized and commercially available light emitting diode ("LED") that is sold (for example) in electronics stores typically represents a "packaged" device made up of a number of parts. These packaged devices typically include a semiconductor based light emitting diode such as (but not limited to) those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,918,487; 5,631,190; and 5,912,477; various wire connections, and a package that encapsulates the light emitting diode. As is well-known, a light emitting diode produces light by exciting electrons across the band gap between a conduction band and a valence band of a semiconductor active (light-emitting) layer. The electron transition generates light at a wavelength that depends on the band gap. Thus, the color of the light (wavelength) emitted by a light emitting diode depends on the semiconductor materials of the active layers of the light emitting diode. Although the development of light emitting diodes has in many ways revolutionized the lighting industry, some of the characteristics of light emitting diodes have presented challenges, some of which have not yet been fully met. For example, the emission spectrum of any particular light emitting diode is typically concentrated around a single wavelength (as dictated by the light emitting diode's composition and structure), which is desirable for some applications, but not desirable for others, (e.g., for providing lighting, such an emission spectrum provides a very low CRI Ra).
In addition, the blending of primary colors to produce combinations of non-primary colors is generally well understood in this and other arts. In general, the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram (an international standard for primary colors established in 1931), and the 1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram (similar to the 1931 Diagram but modified such that similar distances on the Diagram represent similar perceived differences in color) provide useful reference for defining colors as weighted.sums of primary colors. Light emitting diodes can thus be used individually or in any combinations, optionally together with one or more luminescent material (e.g., phosphors or scintillators) and/or filters, to generate light of any desired perceived color (including white). Accordingly, the areas in which efforts are being made to replace existing light sources with light emitting diode light sources, e.g., to improve energy efficiency, color rendering index (CRI Ra), efficacy (ImAV), and/or duration of service, are not limited to any particular color or color blends of light.
A wide variety of luminescent materials (also known as lumiphors or luminophoric media, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,600,175, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference) are well-known and available to persons of skill in the art. For example, a phosphor is a luminescent material that emits a responsive radiation (e.g., visible light) when excited by a source of exciting radiation. Ih many instances, the responsive radiation has a wavelength which is different from the wavelength of the exciting radiation. Other examples of luminescent materials include scintillators, day glow tapes and inks which glow in the visible spectrum upon illumination with ultraviolet light. Luminescent materials can be categorized as being down-converting, i.e., a material which converts photons to a lower energy level (longer wavelength) or up-converting, i.e., a material which converts photons to a higher energy level (shorter wavelength).
For example, U.S. Patent No. 6,963,166 (Yano '166) discloses that a conventional light emitting diode lamp includes a light emitting diode chip, a bullet-shaped transparent housing to cover the light emitting diode chip, leads to supply current to the light emitting diode chip, and a cup reflector for reflecting the emission of the light emitting diode chip in a uniform direction, in which the light emitting diode chip is encapsulated with a first resin portion, which is further encapsulated with a second resin portion. According to Yano ' 166, the first resin portion is obtained by filling the cup reflector with a resin material and curing it after the light emitting diode chip has been mounted onto the bottom of the cup reflector and then has had its cathode and anode electrodes electrically connected to the leads by way of wires. According to Yano '166, a phosphor is dispersed in the first resin portion so as to be excited with the light A that has been emitted from the light emitting diode chip, the excited phosphor produces fluorescence ("light B") that has a longer wavelength than the light A, a portion of the light A is transmitted through the first resin portion including the phosphor, and as a result, light C, as a mixture of the light A and light B, is used as illumination. As noted above, "white LED lamps" (i.e., lights which emit light which is perceived as being white or near-white) have been investigated as potential replacements for white incandescent lamps. A representative example of a white LED lamp includes a package of a blue light emitting diode chip, made of indium gallium nitride (IhGaN) or gallium nitride (GaN), coated with a phosphor such as YAG. In such an LED lamp, the blue light emitting diode chip produces an emission with a wavelength of about 450 nm, and the phosphor produces yellow fluorescence with a peak wavelength of about 550 nm on receiving that emission. For instance, in some designs, white light emitting diode lamps are fabricated by forming a ceramic phosphor layer on the output surface of a blue light-emitting semiconductor light emitting diode. Part of the blue ray emitted from the light emitting diode chip passes through the phosphor, while part of the blue ray emitted from the light emitting diode chip is absorbed by the phosphor, which becomes excited and emits a yellow ray. The part of the blue light emitted by the light emitting diode which is transmitted through the phosphor is mixed with the yellow light emitted by the phosphor. The viewer perceives the mixture of blue and yellow light as white light. Another type uses a blue or violet light emitting diode chip which is combined with phosphor materials that produce red or orange and green or yellowish-green light rays. In such a lamp, part of the blue or violet light emitted by the light emitting diode chip excites the phosphors, causing the phosphors to emit red or orange and yellow or green light rays. These rays, combined with the blue or violet rays, can produce the perception of white light. As also noted above, in another type of LED lamp, a light emitting diode chip that emits an ultraviolet ray is combined with phosphor materials that produce red (R), green (G) and blue (B) light rays. In such an "RGB LED lamp", the ultraviolet ray that has been radiated from the light emitting diode chip excites the phosphor, causing the phosphor to emit red, green and blue light rays which, when mixed, are perceived by the human eye as white light. Consequently, white light can also be obtained as a mixture of these light rays. Designs have been provided in which existing LED component packages and other electronics are assembled into a fixture. In such designs, a packaged LED is mounted to a circuit board or directly to a heat sink, the circuit board is mounted to a heat sink, and the heat sink is mounted to the fixture housing along with required drive electronics. In many cases, additional optics (secondary to the package parts) are also necessary.
In substituting light emitting diodes for other light sources, e.g., incandescent light bulbs, packaged LEDs have been used with conventional light fixtures, for example, fixtures which include a hollow lens and a base plate attached to the lens, the base plate having a conventional socket housing with one or more contacts which are electrically coupled to a power source. For example, LED light bulbs have been constructed which comprise an electrical circuit board, a plurality of packaged LEDs mounted to the circuit board, and a connection post attached to the circuit board and adapted to be connected to the socket housing of the light fixture, whereby the plurality of LEDs can be illuminated by the power source. There is an ongoing need for ways to use solid state light emitters, e.g., light emitting diodes, to provide white light in a wider variety of applications, with greater energy efficiency, with improved color rendering index (CRI Ra), with improved efficacy (lm/W), low cost and/or with longer duration of service.
Brief Summary of the Invention There is an ongoing need for a high efficiency white light source that combines the efficiency and long life of white solid state lamps, e.g., LED lamps (i.e., which avoids the use of relatively inefficient light sources) with an acceptable color temperature and good color rendering index, a wide gamut and simple control circuitry.
As described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/793,524, filed April 20, 2006, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference, it has been found that particularly high CRI Ra can be obtained where solid state light emitters (e.g., LEDs) and lumiphors are selected such that if each of the solid state light emitters is illuminated and each of the lumiphors is excited, a mixture of light emitted from the solid state light emitters and the lumiphors would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, the first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, the second line segment connecting the second point to a third point, the third line segment connecting the third point to a fourth point, the fourth line segment connecting the fourth point to a fifth point, and the fifth line segment connecting the fifth point to the first point, the first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, the second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, the third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, the fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and the fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38.
(3) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having particles sizes in the range of from 10 to 20 micrometers, and in some cases, lumiphors in which at least 50 weight percent (in some cases 75 weight percent, and in some cases 90 weight percent) of the phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers; (4) luiniphors which contain phosphor particles having particles sizes in the range of from 15 to 25 micrometers, and in some cases, lumiphors in which at least 50 weight percent (in some cases 75 weight percent, and in some cases 90 weight percent) of the phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers;
(7) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about
15 micrometers; and
(8) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers,
each provide good trade-off between ease of manufacture and minimization of reflected light, and provide lighting devices which are particularly useful in different situations.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and at least some of such phosphor particles (in some cases at least 50 weight percent, in some cases at least 75 weight percent, and in some cases at least
90 weight percent) have particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers. In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and at least some of such phosphor particles (in some cases at least 50 weight percent, in some cases at least 75 weight percent, and in some cases at least 90 weight percent) have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and such phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 15 micrometers. In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and such phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers.
The present invention is also directed to any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/793,524, filed April 20, 2006, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/752,555, filed December 21, 2005, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/793,518, filed April 20, 2006, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/857,305, filed on November 7, 2006, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent No. 7,213,940, issued on 5/8/2007, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,134, filed on 12/1/2006 and any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,986, filed on 12/7/2006, in which the particle size of at least one of the lumiphors is as described above.
The light emitting diodes can be saturated or non-saturated. The term "saturated", as used herein, means having a purity of at least 85%, the term "purity" having a well-known meaning to persons skilled in the art, and procedures for calculating purity being well-known to those of skill in the art.
Aspects related to the present invention can be represented on either the 1931 CIE (Commission International de I'Eclairage) Chromaticity Diagram or the 1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram. Fig. 1 shows the 1931 CBE Chromaticity Diagram. Fig. 2 shows the
1976 Chromaticity Diagram. Fig. 3 shows an enlarged portion of the 1976 Chromaticity Diagram, in order to show the blackbody locus in more detail. Persons of skill in the art are familiar with these diagrams, and these diagrams are readily available (e.g., by searching "CIE Chromaticity Diagram" on the internet). The CIE Chromaticity Diagrams map out the human color perception in terms of two
CIE parameters x and y (in the case of the 1931 diagram) or u' and v' (in the case of the 1976 diagram). For a technical description of CIE chromaticity diagrams, see, for example, "Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology", vol. 7, 230-231 (Robert A Meyers ed., 1987). The spectral colors are distributed around the edge of the outlined space, which includes all of the hues perceived by the human eye. The boundary line represents maximum saturation for the spectral colors. As noted above, the 1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram is similar to the 1931 Diagram,- except that the 1976 Diagram has been modified such that similar distances on the Diagram represent similar perceived differences in color.
In the 1931 Diagram, deviation from a point on the Diagram can be expressed either in terms of the coordinates or, alternatively, in order to give an indication as to the extent of the perceived difference in color, in terms of MacAdam ellipses. For example, a locus of points defined as being ten MacAdam ellipses from a specified hue defined by a particular set of coordinates on the 1931 Diagram consists of hues which would each be perceived as differing from the specified hue to a common extent (and likewise for loci of points defined as being spaced from a particular hue by other quantities of MacAdam ellipses). Since similar distances on the 1976 Diagram represent similar perceived differences in color, deviation from a point on the 1976 Diagram can be expressed in terms of the coordinates, u' and v', e.g., distance from the point = (Δu'2 + Δv'2)'/a, and the hues defined by a locus of points which are each a common distance from a specified hue consist of hues which would each be perceived as differing from the specified hue to a common extent. The chromaticity coordinates and the CIE chromaticity diagrams illustrated in Figs. 1-
3 are explained in detail in a number of books and other publications, such as pages 98-107 of K. H. Butler, "Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors" (The Pennsylvania State University Press 1980) and pages 109-110 of G. Blasse et al., "Luminescent Materials" (Springer-Verlag 1994), both incorporated herein by reference. The chromaticity coordinates (i.e., color points) that lie along the blackbody locus obey Planck's equation: E(λ)=A λ'5/(e<B/r)-l), where E is the emission intensity, λ is the emission wavelength, T the color temperature of the blackbody and A and B are constants. Color coordinates that lie on or near the blackbody locus yield pleasing white light to a human observer. The 1976 CIE Diagram includes temperature listings along the blackbody locus. These temperature listings show the color path of a blackbody radiator that is caused to increase to such temperatures. As a heated object becomes incandescent, it first glows reddish, then yellowish, then white, and finally blueish. This occurs because the wavelength associated with the peak radiation of the blackbody radiator becomes progressively shorter with increased temperature, consistent with the Wien Displacement Law. Illuminants which produce light which is on or near the blackbody locus can thus be described in terms of their color temperature.
Also depicted on the 1976 CIE Diagram are designations A, B, C, D and E, which refer to light produced by several standard illuminants correspondingly identified as illuminants A, B, C, D and E, respectively. CRI Ra is a relative measurement of how the color rendition of an illumination system compares to that of a blackbody radiator. The CRI Ra equals 100 if the color coordinates of a set of test colors being illuminated by the illumination system are the same as the coordinates of the same test colors being irradiated by the blackbody radiator.
Fig. 3 shows an enlarged portion of the 1976 Chromaticity Diagram, in order to show the blackbody locus in detail. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a representative example of a lighting device in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. However, this invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. As used herein the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. When an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to herein as being "on" or extending "onto" another element, it can be directly on or extend directly onto the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to herein as being "directly on" or extending "directly onto" another element, there are no intervening elements present. Also, when an element is referred to herein as being
"connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to herein as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there are no intervening elements present. The expression "correlated color temperature" is used according to its well-known meaning to refer to the temperature of a blackbody that is, in a well-defined sense (i.e., can be readily and precisely determined by those skilled in the art), nearest in color.
The expression "directly or switchably electrically connected" means "directly electrically connected" or "switchably electrically connected." A statement herein that two components in a device are "directly electrically connected," means that there are no components electrically between the components, the insertion of which materially affect the function or functions provided by the device. For example, two components can be referred to as being electrically connected, even though they may have a small resistor between them which does not materially affect the function or functions provided by the device (indeed, a wire connecting two components can be thought of as a small resistor); likewise, two components can be referred to as being electrically connected, even though they may have an additional electrical component between them which allows the device to perform an additional function, while not materially affecting the function or functions provided by a device which is identical except for not including the additional component; similarly, two components which are directly connected to each other, or which are directly connected to opposite ends of a wire or a trace on a circuit board, are electrically connected.
A statement herein that two components in a device are "switchably electrically connected" means that there is a switch located between the two components, the switch being selectively closed or opened, wherein if the switch is closed, the two components are directly electrically connected, and if the switch is open (i.e., during any time period that the switch is open), the two components are not electrically connected.
The expression "illumination" (or "illuminated"), as used herein when referring to a solid state light emitter, means that at least some current is being supplied to the solid state light emitter to cause the solid state light emitter to emit at least some light. The expression "illuminated" encompasses situations where the solid state light emitter emits light continuously or intermittently at a rate such that a human eye would perceive it as emitting light continuously, or where a plurality of solid state light emitters of the same color or different colors are emitting light intermittently and/or alternatingly (with or without overlap in "on" times) in such a way that a human eye would perceive them as emitting light continuously (and, in cases where different colors are emitted, as a mixture of those colors). The expression "excited", as used herein when referring to a lumiphor, means that at least some electromagnetic radiation (e.g., visible light, UV light or infrared light) is contacting the lumiphor, causing the lumiphor to emit at least some light. The expression "excited" encompasses situations where the lumiphor emits light continuously or intermittently at a rate such that a human eye would perceive it as emitting light continuously, or where a plurality of lumiphors of the same color or different colors are emitting light intermittently and/or alternatingly (with or without overlap in "on" times) in such a way that a human eye would perceive them as emitting light continuously (and, in cases where different colors are emitted, as a mixture of those colors). The expression "lighting device" as used herein is not limited, except that it is capable of emitting light. That is, a lighting device can be a device which illuminates an area or volume (e.g., a room, a swimming pool, a warehouse, an indicator, a road, a vehicle, a road sign, a billboard, a ship, a boat, an aircraft, a stadium, a tree, a window, a yard, etc.), an indicator light, or a device or array of devices that illuminate an enclosure, or a device that is used for edge or back-lighting (e.g., back light poster, signage, LCD displays), or any other light emitting device.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention are described herein with reference to cross-sectional (and/or plan view) illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments of the present invention. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a molded region illustrated or described as a rectangle will, typically, have rounded or curved features. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. It will also be appreciated by those of skill in the art that references to a structure or feature that is disposed "adjacent" another feature may have portions that overlap or underlie the adjacent feature.
Wide varieties of light emitting diodes and lumiphors are readily obtainable and well known to those of skilled in the art, and any of them can be employed (e.g., AlInGaP for the 600 ran to 630 nm light emitting diodes).
(1) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/753,138, filed on December 22, 2005, entitled
"Lighting Device" (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931J303 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/614,180, filed 12/21/06;
(2) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/794,379, filed on April 24, 2006, entitled "Shifting Spectral Content in LEDs by Spatially Separating Lumiphor Films" (inventors: Gerald H.
Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931_006 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/624,811, filed 1/19/07;
(3) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,702, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled "Lighting Device" (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number
931_009 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/751,982, filed 5/22/07;
(4) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,925, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled "Solid State Light Emitting Device and Method of Making Same" (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Neal Hunter; attorney docket number 931_010 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/753,103, filed 5/24/07;
(5) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/802,697, filed on May 23, 2006, entitled "Lighting Device and Method of Making" (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931_011 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/751 ,990, filed 5/22/07;
(6) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/839,453, filed on August 23, 2006, entitled "LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD" (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931 034 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; (7) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/857,305, filed on November 7, 2006, entitled
mixed light having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, the first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, the second line segment connecting the second point to a third point, the third line segment connecting the third point to a fourth point, the fourth line segment connecting the fourth point to a fifth point, and the fifth line segment connecting the fifth point to the first point, the first point having x, y coordinates of 0.4073, 0.3930, the second point having x, y coordinates of 0.4299, 0.4165, the third point having x, y coordinates of 0.3996, 0.4015, the fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.3889,
0.3690, and the fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4147, 0.3814 (i.e., proximate to 3500 K).
The present invention is further directed to an illuminated area, comprising at least one item selected from among the group consisting of a swimming pool, a room, a warehouse, an indicator, a road, a vehicle, a road sign, a billboard, a ship, a toy, a mirror, a vessel, an electronic device, a boat, an aircraft, a stadium, a computer, a remote audio device, a remote video device, a cell phone, a tree, a window, a yard, a lamppost, an indicator light, or a device or array of devices that illuminate an enclosure, or a device that is used for edge or back-lighting (e.g., back light poster, signage, LCD displays), having mounted therein or thereon at least one lighting device as described herein. hi addition, persons of skill in the art are familiar with a wide variety of mounting structures for many different types of lighting, and any such structures can be used according to the present invention. For example, Fig. 4 depicts a lighting device which includes a heat spreading element 11 (formed of a material with good heat conducting properties, e.g., aluminum), insulating regions 12 (which can be applied and/or formed in situ, e.g., by anodizing), a highly reflective surface 13 (which can be applied, e.g., MCPET, marketed by Furukawa of Japan, laminated aluminum or silver) or formed in situ, e.g., by polishing), conductive traces 14, leadframes 15, packaged LEDs 16, a reflective cone 17 and a diffusing element 18. The device depicted in Fig. 4 can further include an insulating element 28 below the conductive traces 14 to avoid unintended contact (e.g., a person receiving a shock) with the conductive traces. The device depicted in Fig. 4 can include any number of packaged LEDs (e.g., up to 50 or 100 or more), and so the heat spreading element 11, as well as the insulating regions 12, reflective surface 13 and insulating element 28 can extend any necessary distance to the right or left, in the orientation shown in Fig. 4, as indicated by the fragmented structures (similarly, the sides of the reflective cone 17 can be located any distance to the right or left). Similarly, the diffusing element 18 can be located any desired distance from the LEDs 16. The diffusing element 18 can be attached to the reflective cone 17, the insulating element 28, the heat spreading element 11, or any other desired structure in any suitable way, persons of skill in the art being familiar with and readily able to provide such attachment in a wide variety of ways. In this embodiment, and other embodiments, the heat spreading element 11 serves to spread out the heat, act as a heat sink, and/or dissipate the heat. Likewise, the reflective cone 17 functions as a heat sink. In addition, the reflective cone 17 can include ridges 19 to enhance its reflective properties.
In some embodiments according to the present invention, two or more lumiphors can be provided, two or more of the lumiphors being spaced from each other, as described in U.S.
Patent Application No. 60/761,310, filed on January 23, 2006, entitled "Shifting Spectral Content in LEDs by Spatially Separating Lumiphor Films" (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony van de Ven), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
In some lighting devices according to the present invention, there are further included one or more power sources, e.g., one or more batteries and/or solar cells, and/or one or more standard AC power plugs. The lighting devices according to the present invention can comprise any desired number of solid state light emitters and lumiphors. For example, a lighting device according to the present invention can include 50 or more light emitting diodes, or can include 100 or more light emitting diodes, etc. In general, with current light emitting diodes, greater efficiency can be achieved by using a greater number of smaller light emitting diodes (e.g., 100 light emitting diodes each having a surface area of 0.1 mm2 vs. 25 light emitting diodes each having a surface area of 0.4 mm2 but otherwise being identical).
The sources of visible light in the lighting devices of the present invention can be arranged, mounted and supplied with electricity in any desired manner, and can be mounted on any desired housing or fixture. Skilled artisans are familiar with a wide variety of arrangements, mounting schemes, power supplying apparatuses, housings and fixtures, and any such arrangements, schemes, apparatuses, housings and fixtures can be employed in connection with the present invention. The lighting devices of the present invention can be electrically connected (or selectively connected) to any desired power source, persons of skill in the art being familiar with a variety of such power sources. Representative examples of arrangements of sources of visible light, mounting structures, schemes for mounting sources of visible light, apparatus for supplying electricity to sources of visible light, housings for sources of visible light, fixtures for sources of visible light, power supplies for sources of visible light and complete lighting assemblies, all of which are suitable for the lighting devices of the present invention, are described in:
(1) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,753, filed on December 21, 2005, entitled
"Lighting Device" (inventors: Gerald H. Negley, Antony Paul van de Ven and Neal Hunter; attorney docket no. 931_002 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/613,692, filed 12/20/06;
(2) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/798,446, filed on May 5, 2006, entitled "Lighting Device" (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket no. 931_008 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/743,754, filed 5/3/07;
(3) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/845,429, filed on September 18, 2006, entitled "LIGHTING DEVICES, LIGHTING ASSEMBLIES, FIXTURES AND METHODS OF USING SAME" (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket no. 931_019 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference;
(4) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/846,222, filed on September 21, 2006, entitled "LIGHTING ASSEMBLIES, METHODS OF INSTALLING SAME, AND METHODS OF REPLACING LIGHTS" (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931 _021 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference;
(5) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/809,618, filed on May 31, 2006, entitled "LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF LIGHTING" (inventors: Gerald H. Negley, Antony Paul van de Ven and Thomas G. Coleman; attorney docket no. 931_017 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; and (6) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/858,558, filed on November 13, 2006, entitled
"LIGHTING DEVICE, ILLUMINATED ENCLOSURE AND LIGHTING METHODS" (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket no. 931_026 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The light emitting diodes and lumiphors can be arranged in any desired pattern. In some embodiments according to the present invention which include 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diodes as well as 430 nm to 480 nm light emitting diodes, some or all of the 600 nm light emitting diodes are surrounded by five or six 430 nm to 480 nm light emitting diodes (some or all of which may or may not include 555 nm to 585 nm lumiphors), e.g., the 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diodes and the 430 nm to 480 nm light emitting diodes are arranged in generally laterally arranged rows and spaced from one another substantially evenly, each row being laterally offset from the next adjacent (in a longitudinal direction) row by half the distance between laterally adjacent light emitting diodes, with, in most locations, two 430 nm to 480 nm light emitting diodes being located between each 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diode and its nearest neighbor in the same row, and with the 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diodes in each row being offset from the nearest 600 nm to 630 light emitting diode(s) in the next adjacent (in a longitudinal direction) row by one and a half times the distance between laterally spaced adjacent light emitting diodes. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments according to the present invention, some or all of the brighter light emitting diodes are placed closer to a center of the lighting device than the dimmer light emitting diodes. The devices according to the present invention can further comprise one or more long- life cooling device (e.g., a fan with an extremely high lifetime). Such long-life cooling device(s) can comprise piezoelectric or magnetorestrictive materials (e.g., MR, GMR, and/or HMR materials) that move air as a "Chinese fan". In cooling the devices according to the present invention, typically only enough air to break the boundary layer is required to induce temperature drops of 10 to 15 degrees C. Hence, in such cases, strong 'breezes" or a large fluid flow rate (large CFM) are typically not required (thereby avoiding the need for conventional fans).
In some embodiments according to the present invention, any of the features, e.g., circuitry, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/761,879, filed on January 25, 2006, entitled "Lighting Device With Cooling" (inventors: Thomas Coleman, Gerald H. Negley and Antony van de Ven), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, can be employed.
1. A lighting device comprising: at least one solid state light emitter; and at least one lumiphor; wherein: if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers.
5. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 1-4, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 5 micrometers.
6. A lighting device comprising: at least one solid state light emitter; and at least one lumiphor; wherein: if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
10. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 6-9, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 10 micrometers.
11. A lighting device comprising: at least one solid state light emitter; and at least one lumiphor; wherein: if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 ClE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.
15. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 11-14, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 15 micrometers.
16. A lighting device comprising: at least one solid state light emitter; and at least one lumiphor; wherein: if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers.
20. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 16-19, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers.
21. A lighting device comprising: at least one solid state light emitter; and at least one lumiphor; wherein: if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CDE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, said phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 5 micrometers.
22. A lighting device comprising: at least one solid state light emitter; and at least one lumiphor; wherein: if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, said phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 10 micrometers.
23. A lighting device comprising: at least one solid state light emitter; and at least one lumiphor; wherein: if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, said phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 15 micrometers.
24. A lighting device comprising: at least one solid state light emitter; and at least one lumiphor; wherein: if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, said phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers.
25. A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor, said lumiphor comprising phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emitting output light of an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
28. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 25-27, wherein at least 50 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers.
29. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 25-27, wherein at least 75 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers.
30. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 25-27, wherein at least 90 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers.
31. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 25-30, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 5 micrometers.
32. A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor, said lumiphor comprising phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emitting output light of an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
35. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 32-34, wherein at least 50 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
36. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 32-34, wherein at least 75 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
37. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 32-34, wherein at least 90 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
38. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 32-37, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 10 micrometers.
42. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 39-41, wherein at least 50 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.
43. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 39-41, wherein at least 75 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.
44. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 39-41, wherein at least 90 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.
45. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 39-44, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 15 micrometers.
46. A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor, said lumiphor comprising phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emitting output light of an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
49. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 46-48, wherein at least 50 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers.
50. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 46-48, wherein at least 75 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers.
51. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 46-48, wherein at least 90 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers.
52. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 46-51, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers.
53. A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor, said lumiphor comprising phosphor particles, said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 5 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emitting output light of an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
56. A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor, said lumiphor comprising phosphor particles, said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 10 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emitting output light of an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
59. A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor, said lumiphor comprising phosphor particles, said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 15 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emitting output light of an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
62. A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor, said lumiphor comprising phosphor particles, said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity of a first wattage, emitting output light of an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
65. A lighting device as recited in any one of claim 1-64, wherein said at least one solid state light emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
66. A lighting device as recited in claim 65, wherein said at least one light emitting diode, if illuminated, would emit light having a peak wavelength in the range of from 430 nm to 480 ran.
67. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 1-66, wherein said at least one lumiphor, if excited, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 555 nm to about 585 nm.
68. A lighting device as recited in any one of claims 1-67, further comprising at least a second solid state light emitter, wherein said second solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode which, if illuminated, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
PCT/US2007/018543 2006-08-23 2007-08-22 Lighting device and lighting method WO2008024385A2 (en)
JP2009525616A JP2010502014A (en) 2006-08-23 2007-08-22 LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD
EP07811466A EP2060155A2 (en) 2006-08-23 2007-08-22 Lighting device and lighting method
WO2008024385A2 true WO2008024385A2 (en) 2008-02-28
WO2008024385A8 WO2008024385A8 (en) 2008-06-12
PCT/US2007/018543 WO2008024385A2 (en) 2006-08-23 2007-08-22 Lighting device and lighting method
EP2119955A1 (en) * 2008-04-23 2009-11-18 COEMAR S.p.A. Led Lighting Device
TWI494523B (en) * 2012-08-21 2015-08-01 Advanced Optoelectronic Tech Illuminating device
G. BLASSE ET AL.: "Luminescent Materials", 1994, SPRINGER-VERLAG
K. H. BUTLER: "Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors", 1980, THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS, pages: 109 - 110
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