Source: https://insight.rpxcorp.com/pat/US8310143B2
Timestamp: 2019-11-21 14:17:21
Document Index: 32140933

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

Patent US 8,310,143 B2
Est. Priority Date: 08/23/2006
at least one lumiphor;
if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity, emitting output light with a wall plug efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor. If each solid state light emitter is illuminated and each lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted has x, y color coordinates within an area defined by the coordinates 0.32, 0.40; 0.36, 0,48; 0.43, 0.45; 0.42, 0.42; and 0.36, 0.38. The lumiphor(s) comprises phosphor particles, in the range of from 3 to 7 micrometers (or 5-15, 10-20, or 15-25 micrometers), or having a mean particle size of 5, 10, 15, 20 micrometers. Also, a lighting device comprising at least one emitter and at least one lumiphor in which the lumiphor comprises phosphor particles having sizes as mentioned above, where the lighting device has an efficacy of at least 60 (or 70, or 80) lumens per watt.
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2. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein at least 50 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers.
3. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein at least 75 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers.
4. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein at least 90 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers.
5. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 5 micrometers.
6. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one solid state light emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
7. A lighting device as recited in claim 6, wherein said at least one light emitting diode, if illuminated, would emit light having a peak wavelength in the range of from 430 nm to 480 nm.
8. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one lumiphor, if excited, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 555 nm to about 585 nm.
9. A lighting device as recited in claim 1, further comprising at least a second solid state light emitter, wherein said second solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode which, if illuminated, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity, emitting output light with a wall plug efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
11. A lighting device as recited in claim 10, wherein:
the at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor in a weight percentage of from about 3.3 weight percent to about 4.7 weight percent, based on the weight of the lumiphor.
12. A lighting device as recited in claim 10, wherein mixed light exiting the lighting device has x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram selected from among:
a first area enclosed by sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth line segments, the sixth line segment connecting a sixth point to a seventh point, the seventh line segment connecting the seventh point to a eighth point, the eighth line segment connecting the eighth point to a ninth point, the ninth line segment connecting the ninth point to a tenth point, and the tenth line segment connecting the tenth point to the sixth point, the sixth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4578, 0.4101, the seventh point having x, y coordinates of 0.4813, 0.4319, the eighth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4562, 0.4260, the ninth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4373, 0.3893, and the tenth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4593, 0.3944;
a second area enclosed by eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth line segments, the eleventh line segment connecting a eleventh point to a twelfth point, the twelfth line segment connecting the twelfth point to a thirteenth point, the thirteenth line segment connecting the thirteenth point to a fourteenth point, the fourteenth line segment connecting the fourteenth point to a fifteenth point, and the fifteenth line segment connecting the fifteenth point to the eleventh point, the eleventh point having x, y coordinates of 0.4338, .4030, the twelfth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4562, 0.4260, the thirteenth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4299, 0.4165, the fourteenth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4147, 0.3814, and the fifteenth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4373, 0.3893; and
a third area enclosed by sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth line segments, the sixteenth line segment connecting a sixteenth point to a seventeenth point, the seventeenth line segment connecting the seventeenth point to a eighteenth point, the eighteenth line segment connecting the eighteenth point to a nineteenth point, the nineteenth line segment connecting the nineteenth point to a twentieth point, and the twentieth line segment connecting the twentieth point to the sixteenth point, the sixteenth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4073, 0.3930, the seventeenth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4299, 0.4165, the eighteenth point having x, y coordinates of 0.3996, 0.4015, the nineteenth point having x, y coordinates of 0.3889, 0.3690, and the twentieth point having x, y coordinates of 0.4147, 0.3814.
13. A lighting device as recited in claim 10, wherein at least 50 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
14. A lighting device as recited in claim 10, wherein at least 75 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
15. A lighting device as recited in claim 10, wherein at least 90 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
16. A lighting device as recited in claim 10, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 10 micrometers.
17. A lighting device as recited in claim 10, wherein said at least one solid state light emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
18. A lighting device as recited in claim 17, wherein said at least one light emitting diode, if illuminated, would emit light having a peak wavelength in the range of from 430 nm to 480 nm.
19. A lighting device as recited in claim 10, wherein said at least one lumiphor, if excited, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 555 nm to about 585 nm.
20. A lighting device as recited in claim 10, further comprising at least a second solid state light emitter, wherein said second solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode which, if illuminated, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity, emitting output light with a wall plug efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
22. A lighting device as recited in claim 21, wherein at least 50 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.
23. A lighting device as recited in claim 21, wherein at least 75 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.
24. A lighting device as recited in claim 21, wherein at least 90 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.
25. A lighting device as recited in claim 21, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 15 micrometers.
26. A lighting device as recited in claim 21, wherein said at least one solid state light emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
27. A lighting device as recited in claim 26, wherein said at least one light emitting diode, if illuminated, would emit light having a peak wavelength in the range of from 430 nm to 480 nm.
28. A lighting device as recited in claim 21, wherein said at least one lumiphor, if excited, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 555 nm to about 585 nm.
29. A lighting device as recited in claim 21, further comprising at least a second solid state light emitter, wherein said second solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode which, if illuminated, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, at least some of said phosphor particles having particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity, emitting output light with a wall plug efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
31. A lighting device as recited in claim 30, wherein at least 50 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers.
32. A lighting device as recited in claim 30, wherein at least 75 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers.
33. A lighting device as recited in claim 30, wherein at least 90 weight percent of said phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers.
34. A lighting device as recited in claim 30, wherein said phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers.
35. A lighting device as recited in claim 30, wherein said at least one solid state light emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
36. A lighting device as recited in claim 35, wherein said at least one light emitting diode, if illuminated, would emit light having a peak wavelength in the range of from 430 nm to 480 nn.
37. A lighting device as recited in claim 30, wherein said at least one lumiphor, if excited, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 555 nm to about 585 nm.
38. A lighting device as recited in claim 30, further comprising at least a second solid state light emitter, wherein said second solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode which, if illuminated, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
39. A lighting device comprising:
if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, said phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 5 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity, emitting output light with a wall plug efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
40. A lighting device as recited in claim 39, wherein said at least one solid state light emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
41. A lighting device as recited in claim 40, wherein said at least one light emitting diode, if illuminated, would emit light having a peak wavelength in the range of from 430 nm to 480 nm.
42. A lighting device as recited in claim 39, wherein said at least one lumiphor, if excited, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 555 nm to about 585 nm.
43. A lighting device as recited in claim 39, further comprising at least a second solid state light emitter, wherein said second solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode which, if illuminated, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, said phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 10 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity, emitting output light with a wall plug efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
45. A lighting device as recited in claim 44, wherein said at least one solid state light emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
46. A lighting device as recited in claim 45, wherein said at least one light emitting diode, if illuminated, would emit light having a peak wavelength in the range of from 430 nm to 480 nm.
47. A lighting device as recited in claim 44, wherein said at least one lumiphor, if excited, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 555 nm to about 585 nm.
48. A lighting device as recited in claim 44, further comprising at least a second solid state light emitter, wherein said second solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode which, if illuminated, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, said phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 15 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity, emitting output light with a wall plug efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
50. A lighting device as recited in claim 49, wherein said at least one solid state light emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
51. A lighting device as recited in claim 50, wherein said at least one light emitting diode, if illuminated, would emit light having a peak wavelength in the range of from 430 nm to 480 nm.
52. A lighting device as recited in claim 49, wherein said at least one lumiphor, if excited, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 555 nm to about 585 nm.
53. A lighting device as recited in claim 49, further comprising at least a second solid state light emitter, wherein said second solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode which, if illuminated, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
if each of said at least one solid state light emitter is illuminated and each of said at least one lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one solid state light emitter and light exiting the lighting device that was emitted from said at least one lumiphor would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, said first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, said second line segment connecting said second point to a third point, said third line segment connecting said third point to a fourth point, said fourth line segment connecting said fourth point to a fifth point, and said fifth line segment connecting said fifth point to said first point, said first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, said second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, said third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, said fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and said fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, and said at least one lumiphor comprises phosphor particles, said phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers, said lighting device, when supplied with electricity, emitting output light with a wall plug efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt of said electricity.
55. A lighting device as recited in claim 54, wherein said at least one solid state light emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
56. A lighting device as recited in claim 55, wherein said at least one light emitting diode, if illuminated, would emit light having a peak wavelength in the range of from 430 nm to 480 nm.
57. A lighting device as recited in claim 54, wherein said at least one lumiphor, if excited, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 555 nm to about 585 nm.
58. A lighting device as recited in claim 54, further comprising at least a second solid state light emitter, wherein said second solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode which, if illuminated, would emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/839,453, filed Aug. 23, 2006, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a lighting device, in particular, a device which includes one or more light emitting diodes and one or more luminescent materials (e.g., one or more phosphors). The present invention is also directed to lighting methods.
Color reproduction is typically measured using the Color Rendering Index (CRI Ra). CRI Ra is a modified average of the relative measurement of how the color rendition of an illumination system compares to that of a reference radiator when illuminating eight reference colors, i.e., it is a relative measure of the shift in surface color of an object when lit by a particular lamp. The CRI Ra equals 100 if the color coordinates of a set of test colors being illuminated by the illumination system are the same as the coordinates of the same test colors being irradiated by the reference radiator. Daylight has a high CRI (Ra of approximately 100), with incandescent bulbs also being relatively close (Ra greater than 95), and fluorescent lighting being less accurate (typical Ra of 70-80). Certain types of specialized lighting have very low CRI Ra (e.g., mercury vapor or sodium lamps have Ra as low as about 40 or even lower). Sodium lights are used, e.g., to light highways—driver response time, however, significantly decreases with lower CRI Ra values (for any given brightness, legibility decreases with lower CRI Ra).
Accordingly, for these and other reasons, efforts have been ongoing to develop ways by which light emitting diodes can be used in place of incandescent lights, fluorescent lights and other light-generating devices in a wide variety of applications. In addition, where light emitting diodes are already being used, efforts are ongoing to provide light emitting diodes which are improved, e.g., with respect to energy efficiency, color rendering index (CRI Ra), contrast, efficacy (1 m/W), and/or duration of service.
As noted above, “white LED lamps” (i.e., lights which emit light which is perceived as being white or near-white) have been investigated as potential replacements for white incandescent lamps. A representative example of a white LED lamp includes a package of a blue light emitting diode chip, made of indium gallium nitride (InGaN) or gallium nitride (GaN), coated with a phosphor such as YAG. In such an LED lamp, the blue light emitting diode chip produces an emission with a wavelength of about 450 nm, and the phosphor produces yellow fluorescence with a peak wavelength of about 550 nm on receiving that emission. For instance, in some designs, white light emitting diode lamps are fabricated by forming a ceramic phosphor layer on the output surface of a blue light-emitting semiconductor light emitting diode. Part of the blue ray emitted from the light emitting diode chip passes through the phosphor, while part of the blue ray emitted from the light emitting diode chip is absorbed by the phosphor, which becomes excited and emits a yellow ray. The part of the blue light emitted by the light emitting diode which is transmitted through the phosphor is mixed with the yellow light emitted by the phosphor. The viewer perceives the mixture of blue and yellow light as white light. Another type uses a blue or violet light emitting diode chip which is combined with phosphor materials that produce red or orange and green or yellowish-green light rays. In such a lamp, part of the blue or violet light emitted by the light emitting diode chip excites the phosphors, causing the phosphors to emit red or orange and yellow or green light rays. These rays, combined with the blue or violet rays, can produce the perception of white light.
There is an ongoing need for ways to use solid state light emitters, e.g., light emitting diodes, to provide white light in a wider variety of applications, with greater energy efficiency, with improved color rendering index (CRI Ra), with improved efficacy (1 m/W), low cost and/or with longer duration of service.
There is an ongoing need for a high efficiency white light source that combines the efficiency and long life of white solid state lamps, e.g., LED lamps (i.e., which avoids the use of relatively inefficient light sources) with an acceptable color temperature and good color rendering index, a wide gamut and simple control circuitry.
As described in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/793,524, filed Apr. 20, 2006, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference, it has been found that particularly high CRI Ra can be obtained where solid state light emitters (e.g., LEDs) and lumiphors are selected such that if each of the solid state light emitters is illuminated and each of the lumiphors is excited, a mixture of light emitted from the solid state light emitters and the lumiphors would, in the absence of any additional light, have a mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, the first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, the second line segment connecting the second point to a third point, the third line segment connecting the third point to a fourth point, the fourth line segment connecting the fourth point to a fifth point, and the fifth line segment connecting the fifth point to the first point, the first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, the second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, the third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, the fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and the fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38.
In addition, it has been found that in general, lumiphors which contain phosphor particles of larger sizes tend to make manufacturing more difficult, but produce less reflected light (and therefore higher first pass light extraction). It is believed that:
(1) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having particles sizes in the range of from 3 to 7 micrometers, and in some cases, lumiphors in which at least 50 weight percent (in some cases 75 weight percent, and in some cases 90 weight percent) of the phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers;
(2) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having particles sizes in the range of from 5 to 15 micrometers, and in some cases, lumiphors in which at least 50 weight percent (in some cases 75 weight percent, and in some cases 90 weight percent) of the phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers;
(3) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having particles sizes in the range of from 10 to 20 micrometers, and in some cases, lumiphors in which at least 50 weight percent (in some cases 75 weight percent, and in some cases 90 weight percent) of the phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers;
(4) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having particles sizes in the range of from 15 to 25 micrometers, and in some cases, lumiphors in which at least 50 weight percent (in some cases 75 weight percent, and in some cases 90 weight percent) of the phosphor particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers;
(5) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 5 micrometers;
(6) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 10 micrometers;
(7) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 15 micrometers; and
(8) lumiphors which contain phosphor particles having a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers,each provide good trade-off between ease of manufacture and minimization of reflected light, and provide lighting devices which are particularly useful in different situations.
In some embodiments of the present invention, therefore, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and at least some of such phosphor particles (in some cases at least 50 weight percent, in some cases at least 75 weight percent, and in some cases at least 90 weight percent) have particle sizes in the range of from about 3 micrometers to about 7 micrometers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and at least some of such phosphor particles (in some cases at least 50 weight percent, in some cases at least 75 weight percent, and in some cases at least 90 weight percent) have particle sizes in the range of from about 5 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and at least some of such phosphor particles (in some cases at least 50 weight percent, in some cases at least 75 weight percent, and in some cases at least 90 weight percent) have particle sizes in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and at least some of such phosphor particles (in some cases at least 50 weight percent, in some cases at least 75 weight percent, and in some cases at least 90 weight percent) have particle sizes in the range of from about 15 micrometers to about 25 micrometers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and such phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 5 micrometers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and such phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 10 micrometers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and such phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 15 micrometers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the lumiphors comprises phosphor particles, and such phosphor particles have a mean particle size of about 20 micrometers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the lighting device emits output light of an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt (in some embodiments at least 70 lumens per watt, and in some embodiments at least 80 lumens per watt) of electricity supplied to the lighting device.
The present invention is also directed to any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/793,524, filed Apr. 20, 2006, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/752,555, filed Dec. 21, 2005, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/793,518, filed Apr. 20, 2006, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/857,305, filed on Nov. 7, 2006, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,213,940, issued on May 8, 2007, any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,134, filed on Dec. 1, 2006 and any of the embodiments described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,986, filed on Dec. 7, 2006, in which the particle size of at least one of the lumiphors is as described above.
In addition, it has unexpectedly been found that surprisingly high CRI Ra can be obtained by combining light as described above with light emitted by light emitting diodes having a dominant wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 630 nm.
The light emitting diodes can be saturated or non-saturated. The term “saturated”, as used herein, means having a purity of at least 85%, the term “purity” having a well-known meaning to persons skilled in the art, and procedures for calculating purity being well-known to those of skill in the art.
CRI Ra is a relative measurement of how the color rendition of an illumination system compares to that of a blackbody radiator. The CRI Ra equals 100 if the color coordinates of a set of test colors being illuminated by the illumination system are the same as the coordinates of the same test colors being irradiated by the blackbody radiator.
FIG. 6 depicts a first embodiment of a lighting device in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along plane V-V shown in FIG. 6 (and is not drawn to the same scale as FIG. 6).
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of one of the red LEDs employed in the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of one of the greenish-yellowish emitters employed in the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7.
FIG. 10 is a partial cutaway view of a second embodiment of a lighting device in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a lighting device of the second embodiment, in which the shape differs somewhat from the device depicted in FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a view of the exterior surface of the light engine housing of a lighting device of the second embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the upper housing of a lighting device of the second embodiment, including a recess for receiving a ballast element that is not shown.
The solid state light emitter (or solid state light emitters) used in the devices according to the present invention, and the lumiphor (or lumiphors) used in the devices according to the present invention, can be selected from among any solid state light emitters and lumiphors known to persons of skill in the art. A variety of solid state light emitters are well-known. For example, one type of solid state light emitter is a light emitting diode.
Wide varieties of light emitting diodes and lumiphors are readily obtainable and well known to those of skilled in the art, and any of them can be employed (e.g., AlInGaP for the 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diodes).
Representative examples of suitable LEDs for use in the present invention are described in:
(1) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/753,138, filed on Dec. 22, 2005, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/614,180, filed Dec. 21, 2006 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0236911);
(2) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/794,379, filed on Apr. 24, 2006, entitled “Shifting Spectral Content in LEDs by Spatially Separating Lumiphor Films” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/624,811, filed Jan. 19, 2007 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0170447;
(3) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,702, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/751,982, filed May 22, 2007 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0274080);
(4) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,925, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled “Solid State Light Emitting Device and Method of Making Same” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Neal Hunter;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/753,103, filed May 24, 2007 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0280624);
(5) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/802,697, filed on May 23, 2006, entitled “Lighting Device and Method of Making” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/751,990, filed May 22, 2007 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0274063);
(6) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/839,453, filed on Aug. 23, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference;
The one or more lumiphors can individually be any lumiphor, a wide variety of which, as noted above, are known to those skilled in the art. For example, the (or each of the) one or more lumiphors can comprise (or can consist essentially of, or can consist of) one or more phosphor. The (or each of the) one or more lumiphors can, if desired, further comprise (or consist essentially of, or consist of) one or more highly transmissive (e.g., transparent or substantially transparent, or somewhat diffuse) binder, e.g., made of epoxy, silicone, glass, metal oxide or any other suitable material (for example, in any given lumiphor comprising one or more binder, one or more phosphor can be dispersed within the one or more binder). For example, the thicker the lumiphor, in general, the lower the weight percentage of the phosphor can be. Representative examples of the weight percentage of phosphor include from about 3.3 weight percent to about 4.7 weight percent, although, as indicated above, depending on the overall thickness of the lumiphor, the weight percentage of the phosphor could be generally any value, e.g., from 0.1 weight percent to 100 weight percent (e.g., a lumiphor formed by subjecting pure phosphor to a hot isostatic pressing procedure). In some situations, a weight percentage of about 20 weight percent is advantageous.
The present invention is further directed to lighting devices as described herein, wherein mixed light exiting the lighting device is in the proximity of light on the blackbody locus having color temperature of 2700 K, 3000 K or 3500 K, namely:
The present invention encompasses devices in which the phosphor particles are as described herein, and in which if the lighting device is supplied with electricity of a first wattage, a mixture of all light exiting from the lighting device which was emitted by the at least one solid state light emitter which emit light having a dominant wavelength which is outside the range of between 600 nm and 700 nm would have x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, the first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, the second line segment connecting the second point to a third point, the third line segment connecting the third point to a fourth point, the fourth line segment connecting the fourth point to a fifth point, and the fifth line segment connecting the fifth point to the first point, the first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, the second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, the third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, the fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and the fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38.
In addition, persons of skill in the art are familiar with a wide variety of mounting structures for many different types of lighting, and any such structures can be used according to the present invention. For example, FIG. 4 depicts a lighting device which includes a heat spreading element 11 (formed of a material with good heat conducting properties, e.g., aluminum), insulating regions 12 (which can be applied and/or formed in situ, e.g., by anodizing), a highly reflective surface 13 (which can be applied, e.g., MCPET, marketed by Furukawa of Japan, laminated aluminum or silver) or formed in situ, e.g., by polishing), conductive traces 14, leadframes 15, packaged LEDs 16, a reflective cone 17 and a diffusing element 18. The device depicted in FIG. 4 can further include an insulating element 28 below the conductive traces 14 to avoid unintended contact (e.g., a person receiving a shock) with the conductive traces. The device depicted in FIG. 4 can include any number of packaged LEDs (e.g., up to 50 or 100 or more), and so the heat spreading element 11, as well as the insulating regions 12, reflective surface 13 and insulating element 28 can extend any necessary distance to the right or left, in the orientation shown in FIG. 4, as indicated by the fragmented structures (similarly, the sides of the reflective cone 17 can be located any distance to the right or left). Similarly, the diffusing element 18 can be located any desired distance from the LEDs 16. The diffusing element 18 can be attached to the reflective cone 17, the insulating element 28, the heat spreading element 11, or any other desired structure in any suitable way, persons of skill in the art being familiar with and readily able to provide such attachment in a wide variety of ways. In this embodiment, and other embodiments, the heat spreading element 11 serves to spread out the heat, act as a heat sink, and/or dissipate the heat. Likewise, the reflective cone 17 functions as a heat sink. In addition, the reflective cone 17 can include ridges 19 to enhance its reflective properties.
FIG. 5 depicts a representative example of a packaged LED which can be used in the devices according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a lighting device 20 comprising a solid state light emitter 21 (in this case, a light emitting diode chip 21), a lead frame 22, a wire 23, an encapsulant region 24, a reflective element 26 in which the light emitting diode chip 21 is mounted and a lumiphor 27. A packaged LED which does not include any lumiphor (e.g., a 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diode) can be constructed in a similar way but without the inclusion of a lumiphor 27. Persons of skill in the art are familiar with, and have ready access to, a wide variety of other packaged and unpackaged LED structures, any of which can, if desired, be employed according to the present invention.
The lighting devices according to the present invention can comprise any desired number of solid state light emitters and lumiphors. For example, a lighting device according to the present invention can include 50 or more light emitting diodes, or can include 100 or more light emitting diodes, etc. In general, with current light emitting diodes, greater efficiency can be achieved by using a greater number of smaller light emitting diodes (e.g., 100 light emitting diodes each having a surface area of 0.1 mm2 vs. 25 light emitting diodes each having a surface area of 0.4 mm2 but otherwise being identical).
(1) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,753, filed on Dec. 21, 2005, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley, Antony Paul van de Ven and Neal Hunter;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/613,692, filed Dec. 20, 2006 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0139923);
(2) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/798,446, filed on May 5, 2006, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/743,754, filed May 3, 2007 now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0263393);
(3) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/845,429, filed on Sep. 18, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICES, LIGHTING ASSEMBLIES, FIXTURES AND METHODS OF USING SAME” (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference;
(4) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/846,222, filed on Sep. 21, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING ASSEMBLIES, METHODS OF INSTALLING SAME, AND METHODS OF REPLACING LIGHTS” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference;
(5) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/809,618, filed on May 31, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF LIGHTING” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley,), Antony Paul van de Ven and Thomas G. Coleman; the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; and
(6) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/858,558, filed on Nov. 13, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE, ILLUMINATED ENCLOSURE AND LIGHTING METHODS” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley;), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The light emitting diodes and lumiphors can be arranged in any desired pattern. In some embodiments according to the present invention which include 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diodes as well as 430 nm to 480 nm light emitting diodes, some or all of the 600 nm light emitting diodes are surrounded by five or six 430 nm to 480 nm light emitting diodes (some or all of which may or may not include 555 nm to 585 nm lumiphors), e.g., the 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diodes and the 430 nm to 480 nm light emitting diodes are arranged in generally laterally arranged rows and spaced from one another substantially evenly, each row being laterally offset from the next adjacent (in a longitudinal direction) row by half the distance between laterally adjacent light emitting diodes, with, in most locations, two 430 nm to 480 nm light emitting diodes being located between each 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diode and its nearest neighbor in the same row, and with the 600 nm to 630 nm light emitting diodes in each row being offset from the nearest 600 nm to 630 light emitting diode(s) in the next adjacent (in a longitudinal direction) row by one and a half times the distance between laterally spaced adjacent light emitting diodes. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments according to the present invention, some or all of the brighter light emitting diodes are placed closer to a center of the lighting device than the dimmer light emitting diodes.
Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown a lighting device which includes a heat spreading element 111 (formed of aluminum), insulating regions 112 (formed in situ by anodizing surfaces of the aluminum heat spreading element), a highly reflective surface 113 (formed in situ by polishing the surface of the aluminum heat spreading element), conductive traces 114 formed of copper, lead frames 115 formed of silver-plated copper (or silver-plated mild steel), packaged LEDs 116a, 116b (described in more detail below), a reflective cone 117 (made of MCPET® (marketed by Furukawa, a Japanese corporation) with a diffuse light scattering surface and a diffusing element 118 (the diffusing element 118 performs a light scattering function).
The thickness of the heat spreading element 111 is about 10 mm.
The reflective cone 117 is about 1 mm thick.
The diffusing element 118 is about 0.2 mm thick and is made of glass (or plastic).
The device depicted in FIG. 6 further includes an insulating element 128 below the conductive traces 114. The insulating element 128 is about 250 micrometers thick and is made of T-preg™ by T-Lam™ (see www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/cpmt/presentations/cpmt0412.pdf).
The device depicted in FIG. 6 includes three series strings of LED emitters.
Connected to the first string of LED emitters are a current regulator, forty-seven red LEDs 116a (shown in more detail in FIG. 8), and twenty-one greenish-yellowish emitters 116b (each including a blue LED and a broad spectrum emitting lumiphor) (shown in more detail in FIG. 9).
Connected to the second string of LED emitters are a current regulator, zero red LEDs and fifty-one greenish-yellowish emitters 116b (as above).
Connected to the third string of LED emitters are a current regulator, zero red LEDs and fifty-one greenish-yellowish emitters 116b (as above).
The voltage drop across each of the red LEDs 116a is about 2 volts.
The diffusing element 118 is located about two inches from the heat spreading element 111. The diffusing element 118 is attached to a top region of the reflective cone 117. The insulating element 128 is also attached to a bottom region of the reflective cone 117.
The heat spreading element 111 serves to spread out the heat, act as a heat sink, and dissipate the heat from the LEDs. Likewise, the reflective cone 117 functions as a heat sink. In addition, the reflective cone 117 includes ridges 119 to enhance its reflective properties.
As shown in FIG. 7, each of the red LEDs 116a is surrounded by five or six greenish-yellowish emitters 116b, i.e., the red LEDs 116a and the greenish-yellowish emitters 116b are arranged in generally laterally arranged rows and spaced from one another substantially evenly, each row being laterally offset from the next adjacent (in a longitudinal direction) row by half the distance between laterally adjacent light emitting diodes, with, in most locations, two greenish-yellowish emitters 116b being located between each red LED 116a and its nearest red LED 116a neighbor in the same row, and with the red LEDs 116a in each row being offset from the nearest red LED(s) 116a in the next adjacent (in a longitudinal direction) row by one and a half times the distance between laterally spaced adjacent light emitting diodes. The spacing between each adjacent LED in each row is about 6 mm.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of one of the red LEDs 116a employed in the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7.
Referring to FIG. 8, each of the red LEDs 116a includes a red light emitting diode chip 121 (from Epistar in Taiwan, measuring 14 mils×14 mils, comprising AlInGaP and having a brightness of not less than 600 mcd), a lead frame 115 having a reflective surface 122, a copper wire 123, and an encapsulant region 124. The reflective surface 122 is made of silver. The encapsulant region 124 is made of Hysol OS 4000. The red LEDs 116a are nearly saturated, i.e., they have a purity of at least 85%, the term “purity” having a well-known meaning to persons skilled in the art, and procedures for calculating purity being well-known to those of skill in the art. The red LEDs 116a emit light having a dominant wavelength in the range of from about 612 nm to about 625 nm.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of one of the greenish-yellowish emitters 116b employed in the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7.
Referring to FIG. 9, each of the greenish-yellowish emitters 116b includes a blue light emitting diode chip 31 (namely, a Cree XT LED (C460XT290) die with a peak wavelength range of from about 450 nm to about 465 nm, and optical power greater than 24 mW), a lead frame 115 having a reflective surface 32, a copper wire 33, an encapsulant region 34, and a broad spectrum emitting lumiphor 35. The reflective surface 32 is made of silver. The encapsulant region 34 is made of Hysol OS400 or GE/Toshiba Invisil 5332. The lumiphor 35 comprises a luminescent material consisting of QMK58/F-U1 YAG:Ce by Phosphor Teck-UK dispersed in a binder made of Hysol OS400 or GE/Toshiba 5332. The luminescent material is loaded in the binder in an amount in the range of from about 10 to about 12 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the binder and the luminescent material. The luminescent material particles have particle sizes in the range of from about 1.6 micrometers to about 8.6 micrometers, with the mean particle size being in the range of from about 4 micrometers to about 5 micrometers. The lumiphor 35 is spaced from the chip 31 by a distance in the range of from about 100 micrometers to about 750 micrometers (for example, from about 500 micrometers to about 750 micrometers, e.g., about 750 micrometers). The blue chip 31 emits light having a peak wavelength in the range of from about 450 nm to about 465 nm.
The combined light exiting the lumiphor 35 (i.e., a mixture of light including blue light emitted by the blue chip 31 which passes through the lumiphor and light emitted by the luminescent material upon being excited by light emitted from the blue chip 31), corresponds to a point on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram having x, y color coordinates which define a point which is within an area on a 1931 CTE Chromaticity Diagram enclosed by first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments, the first line segment connecting a first point to a second point, the second line segment connecting the second point to a third point, the third line segment connecting the third point to a fourth point, the fourth line segment connecting the fourth point to a fifth point, and the fifth line segment connecting the fifth point to the first point, the first point having x, y coordinates of 0.32, 0.40, the second point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.48, the third point having x, y coordinates of 0.43, 0.45, the fourth point having x, y coordinates of 0.42, 0.42, and the fifth point having x, y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38, specific examples including a point having x, y color coordinates of 0.3706, 0.4370 for 2850 K light, and 0.3550, 0.4089 for 3400 K light.
FIGS. 10-13 depict a second embodiment of a lighting device in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 10 is a partial cutaway view of the lighting device of the second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the lighting device, in which the shape differs somewhat from the device depicted in FIG. 10, but the description below applies equally.
Referring to FIG. 11, the lighting device comprises a light engine housing 41. The device further comprises a first mounting clip 42, a second mounting clip 43 and a third mounting clip 44 (the clip 44 is not visible in FIG. 11).
The light engine housing 41 comprises an upper housing 59 and a lower housing 60. The interior of the lower housing 60 comprises a reflective cone 58 (see FIG. 10) (facing inward) made of MCPET® (foamed sheets made of polyethylene terephthalate).
The exterior surface of the light engine housing has a plurality of fins 80 (most easily seen in FIG. 12) to assist in heat dissipation from the light engine housing.
The lighting device includes a plurality (e.g., three) of series strings of LED emitters.
At least some of the greenish-yellowish LEDs are each surrounded by red emitters. FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the upper housing, including a recess 81 in which the ballast element (not shown) is positioned.
Van De Ven, Antony Paul, Negley, Gerald H.
Hollweg, Thomas A
313/498, 313/501, 313/502, 313/512
H01L 2924/00011 : Not relevant to the scope o...
H01L 2924/01032 : Germanium [Ge]
Sponsoring Entity: LED LIGHTING FIXTURES, INC.
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