Source: http://www.science.gov/topicpages/n/navigation+lights.html
Timestamp: 2016-09-25 22:38:48
Document Index: 97633690

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 129', '§ 129', '§ 129', '§ 129', '§ 129', '§ 111', '§ 111', '§ 111', '§ 111', '§ 111', '§ 183', '§ 183', '§ 183', '§ 183', '§ 111', '§ 111', '§ 111', '§ 111', '§ 111', '§ 118', '§ 118', '§ 118', '§ 118', '§ 112', '§ 112', '§ 112', '§ 112', '§ 112', '§ 112', '§ 112', '§ 112', '§ 66', '§ 66', '§ 66', '§ 66', '§ 62', '§ 83', '§ 84', '§ 84', '§ 84', '§ 67', '§ 67', '§ 67', '§ 67', '§ 84', '§ 81', '§ 81', '§ 81', '§ 67', '§ 67', '§ 67', '§ 67', 'art 84', '§ 118', '§ 84', '§ 84', '§ 84', '§ 84', '§ 84', '§ 84', '§ 84', '§ 88', '§ 88', '§ 82', '§ 88', '§ 88', '§ 82', '§ 82', '§ 88', '§ 88', '§ 82']

navigation lights: Topics by Science.gov
Sample records for navigation lights
Barbosa, Jose G.; Alberg, Matthew T.
The chromaticity of navigation lights are defined by areas on the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1931 chromaticity diagram. The corner coordinates for these areas are specified in the International Regulations for Prevention of Collisions at Sea, 1972 (72 COLREGS). The navigation light's color of white, red, green, and yellow are bounded by these areas. The chromaticity values specified by the COLREGS for navigation lights were intended for the human visual system (HVS). The HVS can determine the colors of these lights easily under various conditions. For digital color camera imaging systems the colors of these lights are dependent on the camera's color spectral sensitivity, settings, and color correction. At night the color of these lights are used to quickly determine the relative course of vessels. If these lights are incorrectly identified or there is a delay in identifying them this could be a potential safety of ship concern. Vessels that use camera imaging systems exclusively for sight, at night, need to detect, identify, and discriminate navigation lights for navigation and collision avoidance. The introduction of light emitting diode (LED) lights and lights with different spectral signatures have the potential to be imaged very differently with an RGB color filter array (CFA) color camera than with the human eye. It has been found that some green navigation lights' images appear blue verse green. This has an impact on vessels that use camera imaging systems exclusively for navigation. This paper will characterize color cameras ability to properly reproducing navigation lights' color and survey a set of navigation light to determine if they conform to the COLREGS.
46 CFR 120.420 - Navigation lights.
... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Navigation lights. 120.420 Section 120.420 Shipping... Systems § 120.420 Navigation lights. All vessels must have navigation lights that are in compliance with... than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must also have navigation lights that meet UL 1104,...
... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Navigation lights. 120.420 Section 120.420 Shipping... Systems § 120.420 Navigation lights. All vessels must have navigation lights that are in compliance with... than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must also have navigation lights that meet UL 1104,...
... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Navigation lights. 120.420 Section 120.420 Shipping... Systems § 120.420 Navigation lights. All vessels must have navigation lights that are in compliance with... than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must also have navigation lights that meet UL 1104,...
... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Navigation lights. 120.420 Section 120.420 Shipping... Systems § 120.420 Navigation lights. All vessels must have navigation lights that are in compliance with... than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must also have navigation lights that meet UL 1104,...
... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Navigation lights. 120.420 Section 120.420 Shipping... Systems § 120.420 Navigation lights. All vessels must have navigation lights that are in compliance with... than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must also have navigation lights that meet UL 1104,...
46 CFR 129.430 - Navigational lighting.
... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Navigational lighting. 129.430 Section 129.430 Shipping... INSTALLATIONS Lighting Systems § 129.430 Navigational lighting. (a) Each vessel of less than 100 gross tons and less than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have navigational lighting in compliance with...
... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Navigational lighting. 129.430 Section 129.430 Shipping... INSTALLATIONS Lighting Systems § 129.430 Navigational lighting. (a) Each vessel of less than 100 gross tons and less than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have navigational lighting in compliance with...
... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Navigational lighting. 129.430 Section 129.430 Shipping... INSTALLATIONS Lighting Systems § 129.430 Navigational lighting. (a) Each vessel of less than 100 gross tons and less than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have navigational lighting in compliance with...
... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Navigational lighting. 129.430 Section 129.430 Shipping... INSTALLATIONS Lighting Systems § 129.430 Navigational lighting. (a) Each vessel of less than 100 gross tons and less than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have navigational lighting in compliance with...
... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Navigational lighting. 129.430 Section 129.430 Shipping... INSTALLATIONS Lighting Systems § 129.430 Navigational lighting. (a) Each vessel of less than 100 gross tons and less than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have navigational lighting in compliance with...
46 CFR 169.691 - Navigation lights.
... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Navigation lights. 169.691 Section 169.691 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS... lights. Navigation light systems must meet the requirements of § 111.75-17 of this chapter except...
... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Navigation lights. 169.691 Section 169.691 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS... lights. Navigation light systems must meet the requirements of § 111.75-17 of this chapter except...
... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Navigation lights. 169.691 Section 169.691 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS... lights. Navigation light systems must meet the requirements of § 111.75-17 of this chapter except...
... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Navigation lights. 169.691 Section 169.691 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS... lights. Navigation light systems must meet the requirements of § 111.75-17 of this chapter except...
... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Navigation lights. 169.691 Section 169.691 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS... lights. Navigation light systems must meet the requirements of § 111.75-17 of this chapter except...
... without removing or disassembling the light and that states the following: (i) “USCG Approval 33 CFR 183... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Navigation light certification... SECURITY (CONTINUED) BOATING SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Navigation Lights § 183.810...
... without removing or disassembling the light and that states the following: (i) “USCG Approval 33 CFR 183... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Navigation light certification... SECURITY (CONTINUED) BOATING SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Navigation Lights § 183.810...
... without removing or disassembling the light and that states the following: (i) “USCG Approval 33 CFR 183... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Navigation light certification... SECURITY (CONTINUED) BOATING SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Navigation Lights § 183.810...
... without removing or disassembling the light and that states the following: (i) “USCG Approval 33 CFR 183... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Navigation light certification... SECURITY (CONTINUED) BOATING SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Navigation Lights § 183.810...
46 CFR 111.75-17 - Navigation lights.
... requirements of UL 1104 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or an equivalent standard under 46 CFR... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system...
... requirements of UL 1104 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or an equivalent standard under 46 CFR... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system...
... requirements of UL 1104 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or an equivalent standard under 46 CFR... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system...
... requirements of UL 1104 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or an equivalent standard under 46 CFR... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system...
... requirements of UL 1104 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or an equivalent standard under 46 CFR... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system...
Polarized light helps monarch butterflies navigate.
Reppert, Steven M; Zhu, Haisun; White, Richard H
During their spectacular migratory journey in the fall, North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) use a time-compensated sun compass to help them navigate to their overwintering sites in central Mexico. One feature of the sun compass mechanism not fully explored in monarchs is the sunlight-dependent parameters used to navigate. We now provide data suggesting that the angle of polarized skylight (the e-vector) is a relevant orientation parameter. By placing butterflies in a flight simulator outdoors and using a linear polarizing filter, we show that manipulating the e-vector alters predictably the direction of oriented flight. Butterflies studied in either the morning or afternoon showed similar responses to filter rotation. Monarch butterflies possess the anatomical structure needed for polarized skylight detection, as rhabdoms in the dorsalmost row of photoreceptor cells in monarch eye show the organization characteristic of polarized-light receptors. The existence of polarized-light detection could allow migrants to accurately navigate under a variety of atmospheric conditions and reveals a critical input pathway into the sun compass mechanism. PMID:14738739
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lighting for the protection of aerial navigation. 118.45 Section 118.45 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.45 Lighting for the protection of...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lighting for the protection of aerial navigation. 118.45 Section 118.45 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.45 Lighting for the protection of...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lighting for the protection of aerial navigation. 118.45 Section 118.45 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.45 Lighting for the protection of...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lighting for the protection of aerial navigation. 118.45 Section 118.45 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.45 Lighting for the protection of...
Cueing light configuration for aircraft navigation
Kaiser, Mary K. (Inventor); Johnson, Walter J. (Inventor)
... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Navigation light indicator panel supply. 112.43-13... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-13 Navigation light indicator panel supply. Each navigation light indicator panel must be supplied: (a) Directly from the...
... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Navigation light indicator panel supply. 112.43-13... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-13 Navigation light indicator panel supply. Each navigation light indicator panel must be supplied: (a) Directly from the...
... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Navigation light indicator panel supply. 112.43-13... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-13 Navigation light indicator panel supply. Each navigation light indicator panel must be supplied: (a) Directly from the...
... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Navigation light indicator panel supply. 112.43-13... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-13 Navigation light indicator panel supply. Each navigation light indicator panel must be supplied: (a) Directly from the...
Kraft, P.; Evangelista, C.; Dacke, M.; Labhart, T.; Srinivasan, M. V.
While it is generally accepted that honeybees (Apis mellifera) are capable of using the pattern of polarized light in the sky to navigate to a food source, there is little or no direct behavioural evidence that they actually do so. We have examined whether bees can be trained to find their way through a maze composed of four interconnected tunnels, by using directional information provided by polarized light illumination from the ceilings of the tunnels. The results show that bees can learn this task, thus demonstrating directly, and for the first time, that bees are indeed capable of using the polarized-light information in the sky as a compass to steer their way to a food source. PMID:21282174
Narendra, Ajay; Reid, Samuel F.; Raderschall, Chloé A.
Insects face the challenge of navigating to specific goals in both bright sun-lit and dim-lit environments. Both diurnal and nocturnal insects use quite similar navigation strategies. This is despite the signal-to-noise ratio of the navigational cues being poor at low light conditions. To better understand the evolution of nocturnal life, we investigated the navigational efficiency of a nocturnal ant, Myrmecia pyriformis, at different light levels. Workers of M. pyriformis leave the nest individually in a narrow light-window in the evening twilight to forage on nest-specific Eucalyptus trees. The majority of foragers return to the nest in the morning twilight, while few attempt to return to the nest throughout the night. We found that as light levels dropped, ants paused for longer, walked more slowly, the success in finding the nest reduced and their paths became less straight. We found that in both bright and dark conditions ants relied predominantly on visual landmark information for navigation and that landmark guidance became less reliable at low light conditions. It is perhaps due to the poor navigational efficiency at low light levels that the majority of foragers restrict navigational tasks to the twilight periods, where sufficient navigational information is still available. PMID:23484052
Lowman, Andrew E.; Stauder, John L.
The Optical Navigation Camera (ONC) is a technical demonstration slated to fly on NASA"s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2005. Conventional navigation methods have reduced accuracy in the days immediately preceding Mars orbit insertion. The resulting uncertainty in spacecraft location limits rover landing sites to relatively safe areas, away from interesting features that may harbor clues to past life on the planet. The ONC will provide accurate navigation on approach for future missions by measuring the locations of the satellites of Mars relative to background stars. Because Mars will be a bright extended object just outside the camera"s field of view, stray light control at small angles is essential. The ONC optomechanical design was analyzed by stray light experts and appropriate baffles were implemented. However, stray light testing revealed significantly higher levels of light than expected at the most critical angles. The primary error source proved to be the interface between ground glass surfaces (and the paint that had been applied to them) and the polished surfaces of the lenses. This paper will describe troubleshooting and correction of the problem, as well as other lessons learned that affected stray light performance.
Campbell, Jacob; UijtdeHaag, Maarten; vanGraas, Frank; Young, Steve
This paper discusses the use of Airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) equipment for terrain navigation. Airborne LiDAR is a relatively new technology used primarily by the geo-spatial mapping community to produce highly accurate and dense terrain elevation maps. In this paper, the term LiDAR refers to a scanning laser ranger rigidly mounted to an aircraft, as opposed to an integrated sensor system that consists of a scanning laser ranger integrated with Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data. Data from the laser range scanner and IMU will be integrated with a terrain database to estimate the aircraft position and data from the laser range scanner will be integrated with GPS to estimate the aircraft attitude. LiDAR data was collected using NASA Dryden's DC-8 flying laboratory in Reno, NV and was used to test the proposed terrain navigation system. The results of LiDAR-based terrain navigation shown in this paper indicate that airborne LiDAR is a viable technology enabler for fully autonomous aircraft navigation. The navigation performance is highly dependent on the quality of the terrain databases used for positioning and therefore high-resolution (2 m post-spacing) data was used as the terrain reference.
Johansson, Johannes D.; Fredriksson, Ingemar; Wa˚Rdell, Karin; Eriksson, Ola
Pfeifer, N.; Glira, P.; Briese, C.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are a promising platform for close range airborne photogrammetry. Next to the possibility of carrying certain sensor equipment, different on board navigation components may be integrated. These devices are getting, due to recent developments in the field of electronics, smaller and smaller and are easily affordable. Therefore, UAV platforms are nowadays often equipped with several navigation devices in order to support the remote control of a UAV. Furthermore, these devices allow an automated flight mode that allows to systematically sense a certain area or object of interest. However, next to their support for the UAV navigation they allow the direct georeferencing of synchronised sensor data. This paper introduces the direct georeferencing of airborne UAV images with a low cost solution based on a quadrocopter. The system is equipped with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), an air pressure sensor, a magnetometer, and a small compact camera. A challenge using light weight consumer-grade sensors is the acquisition of high quality images with respect to brightness and sharpness. It is demonstrated that an appropriate solution for data synchronisation and data processing allows a direct georeferencing of the acquired images with a precision below 1m in each coordinate. The precision for roll and pitch is below 1° and for the yaw it is 2.5°. The evaluation is based on image positions estimated based on the on board sensors and compared to an independent bundle block adjustment of the images.
Giblin, Shawn; Hoff, Kraig; Fischer, Jim; Dukerschein, Terry
The availability of light can have a dramatic affect on macrophyte and phytoplankton abundance in virtually all aquatic ecosystems. The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program and other monitoring programs often measure factors that affect light extinction (nonvolatile suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, and chlorophyll) and correlates of light extinction (turbidity and Secchi depth), but rarely do they directly measure light extinction. Data on light extinction, Secchi depth, transparency tube, turbidity, total suspended solids, and volatile suspended solids were collected during summer 2003 on Pools 8 and 13 of the Upper Mississippi River. Regressions were developed to predict light extinction based upon Secchi depth, transparency tube, turbidity, and total suspended solids. Transparency tube, Secchi depth, and turbidity all showed strong relations with light extinction and can effectively predict light extinction. Total suspended solids did not show as strong a relation to light extinction. Volatile suspended solids had a greater affect on light extinction than nonvolatile suspended solids. The data were compared to recommended criteria established for light extinction, Secchi depth, total suspended solids, and turbidity by the Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee to sustain submersed aquatic vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River. During the study period, the average condition in Pool 8 met or exceeded all of the criteria whereas the average condition in Pool 13 failed to meet any of the criteria. This report provides river managers with an effective tool to predict light extinction based upon readily available data.
The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) received a request from the NASA Associate Administrator (AA) for Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD), to quantitatively evaluate the individual performance of three light detection and ranging (LIDAR) rendezvous sensors flown as orbiter's development test objective on Space Transportation System (STS)-127, STS-133, STS-134, and STS-135. This document contains the outcome of the NESC assessment.
Navigating the gender minefield: An IPV prevention campaign sheds light on the gender gap.
Keller, Sarah N; Honea, Joy C
This article examines how differences in male and female views about intimate partner violence (IPV) contributed to divergent responses to a prevention campaign conducted in the western USA. The study examines focus groups (n = 22) and in-depth interview data (n = 13) collected during campaign development to shed light on quantitative results indicating that women (but not men) increased their perceived severity of domestic violence and awareness of services from pre-test to post-test, while male attitudes moved in the opposite direction. Results of the qualitative study provide the basis for the authors' conclusions about why reactions differed: (1) men's unwillingness to view abuse within a gender context limits men's ability to accept the inequity in statistically demonstrated male and female roles as perpetrators and victims; (2) male resentment of existing gender stereotypes contributed to a rejection of campaign messages that utilised gender prevalence statistics to depict images showing men as perpetrators and women as victims; and (3) victim blaming attitudes contributed to resistance to empathy for victims depicted in the campaign. The authors offer suggestions for future campaigns that foster agency among both perpetrators and survivors while confronting the structural barriers to enacting change. PMID:25995024
A novel angle computation and calibration algorithm of bio-inspired sky-light polarization navigation sensor.
Xian, Zhiwen; Hu, Xiaoping; Lian, Junxiang; Zhang, Lilian; Cao, Juliang; Wang, Yujie; Ma, Tao
Navigation plays a vital role in our daily life. As traditional and commonly used navigation technologies, Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can provide accurate location information, but suffer from the accumulative error of inertial sensors and cannot be used in a satellite denied environment. The remarkable navigation ability of animals shows that the pattern of the polarization sky can be used for navigation. A bio-inspired POLarization Navigation Sensor (POLNS) is constructed to detect the polarization of skylight. Contrary to the previous approach, we utilize all the outputs of POLNS to compute input polarization angle, based on Least Squares, which provides optimal angle estimation. In addition, a new sensor calibration algorithm is presented, in which the installation angle errors and sensor biases are taken into consideration. Derivation and implementation of our calibration algorithm are discussed in detail. To evaluate the performance of our algorithms, simulation and real data test are done to compare our algorithms with several exiting algorithms. Comparison results indicate that our algorithms are superior to the others and are more feasible and effective in practice. PMID:25225872
... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Navigating bridge distribution panel. 112.43-7 Section... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-7 Navigating bridge distribution... supplied from a distribution panel on the navigating bridge: (1) Navigation lights not supplied by...
... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Navigating bridge distribution panel. 112.43-7 Section... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-7 Navigating bridge distribution... supplied from a distribution panel on the navigating bridge: (1) Navigation lights not supplied by...
... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Navigating bridge distribution panel. 112.43-7 Section... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-7 Navigating bridge distribution... supplied from a distribution panel on the navigating bridge: (1) Navigation lights not supplied by...
... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Navigating bridge distribution panel. 112.43-7 Section... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-7 Navigating bridge distribution... supplied from a distribution panel on the navigating bridge: (1) Navigation lights not supplied by...
Imagine a technology that would allow space travelers to transmit gigabytes of data per second over interplanetary distances or to navigate to Mars and beyond using powerful beams of light emanatin...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights. 66.01-11 Section 66.01-11 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION Aids to Navigation Other Than Federal or State § 66.01-11 Lights. (a) Except for...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights. 66.01-11 Section 66.01-11 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION Aids to Navigation Other Than Federal or State § 66.01-11 Lights. (a) Except for...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights. 66.01-11 Section 66.01-11 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION Aids to Navigation Other Than Federal or State § 66.01-11 Lights. (a) Except for...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights. 66.01-11 Section 66.01-11 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION Aids to Navigation Other Than Federal or State § 66.01-11 Lights. (a) Except for...
33 CFR 62.45 - Light characteristics.
... Section 62.45 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.45 Light characteristics. (a) Lights on aids to navigation are differentiated by color and rhythm. Lighthouses and...
33 CFR 83.22 - Visibility of lights (Rule 22).
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Visibility of lights (Rule 22). 83.22 Section 83.22 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INLAND NAVIGATION RULES RULES Lights and Shapes § 83.22 Visibility of lights (Rule 22). The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity...
NASA's Galileo spacecraft, now in orbit around Jupiter, returned this optical navigation image June 3, 1996, showing that the spacecraft is accurately targeted for its first flyby of the giant moon Ganymede on June 27. The missing data in the frame is the result of a special editing feature recently added to the spacecraft's computer to transmit navigation images more quickly. This is first in a series of optical navigation frames, highly edited onboard the spacecraft, that will be used to fine-tune the spacecraft's trajectory as Galileo approaches Ganymede. The image, used for navigation purposes only, is the product of new computer processing capabilities on the spacecraft that allow Galileo to send back only the information required to show the spacecraft is properly targeted and that Ganymede is where navigators calculate it to be. 'This navigation image is totally different from the pictures we'll be taking for scientific study of Ganymede when we get close to it later this month,' said Galileo Project Scientist Dr. Torrence Johnson. On June 27, Galileo will fly just 844 kilometers (524 miles) above Ganymede and return the most detailed, full-frame, high-resolution images and other measurements of the satellite ever obtained. Icy Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system and three-quarters the size of Mars. It is one of the four large Jovian moons that are special targets of study for the Galileo mission. Of the more than 5 million bits contained in a single image, Galileo performed on-board editing to send back a mere 24,000 bits containing the essential information needed to assure proper targeting. Only the light-to-dark transitions of the crescent Ganymede and reference star locations were transmitted to Earth. The navigation image was taken from a distance of 9.8 million kilometers (6.1 million miles). On June 27th, the spacecraft will be 10,000 times closer to Ganymede.
Gould, J L
Navigating animals need to know both the bearing of their goal (the 'map' step), and how to determine that direction (the 'compass' step). Compasses are typically arranged in hierarchies, with magnetic backup as a last resort when celestial information is unavailable. Magnetic information is often essential to calibrating celestial cues, though, and repeated recalibration between celestial and magnetic compasses is important in many species. Most magnetic compasses are based on magnetite crystals, but others make use of induction or paramagnetic interactions between short-wavelength light and visual pigments. Though odors may be used in some cases, most if not all long-range maps probably depend on magnetite. Magnetitebased map senses are used to measure only latitude in some species, but provide the distance and direction of the goal in others. PMID:9778524
Magellan aerobrake navigation
Giorgini, Jon; Wong, S. Kuen; You, Tung-Han; Chadbourne, Pam; Lim, Lily
The Magellan spacecraft has been aerobraked into a 197 x 541 km near-circular orbit around Venus from which it is conducting a high-resolution gravity mapping mission. This was the first interplanetary aerobrake maneuver and involved flying the spacecraft through the upper reaches of the Venusian atmosphere 730 times over a 70 day period. Round-trip light-time varied from 9.57 to 18.83 minutes during this period. Navigation for this dynamic phase of the Magellan mission was planned and executed in the face of budget-driven down-sizing with all spacecraft safe modes disabled and a flight-team one-third the size of comparable interplanetary missions. Successful execution of this manuever using spacecraft hardware not designed to operate in a planetary atmosphere, demonstrated a practical cost-saving technique for both large and small future interplanetary missions.
Autonomous Deep-Space Optical Navigation Project
This project will advance the Autonomous Deep-space navigation capability applied to Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking (AR&D) Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) system by testing it on hardware, particularly in a flight processor, with a goal of limited testing in the Integrated Power, Avionics and Software (IPAS) with the ARCM (Asteroid Retrieval Crewed Mission) DRO (Distant Retrograde Orbit) Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking (AR&D) scenario. The technology, which will be harnessed, is called 'optical flow', also known as 'visual odometry'. It is being matured in the automotive and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) applications but has yet to be applied to spacecraft navigation. In light of the tremendous potential of this technique, we believe that NASA needs to design a optical navigation architecture that will use this technique. It is flexible enough to be applicable to navigating around planetary bodies, such as asteroids.
33 CFR 84.13 - Color specification of lights.
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Color specification of lights. 84... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.13 Color specification of lights. (a) The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the following...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Color specification of lights. 84... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.13 Color specification of lights. (a) The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the following...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Color specification of lights. 84... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.13 Color specification of lights. (a) The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the following...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Minimum lighting requirements. 67.05-20 Section 67.05-20 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... for Lights § 67.05-20 Minimum lighting requirements. The obstruction lighting requirements...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Minimum lighting requirements. 67.05-20 Section 67.05-20 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... for Lights § 67.05-20 Minimum lighting requirements. The obstruction lighting requirements...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Minimum lighting requirements. 67.05-20 Section 67.05-20 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... for Lights § 67.05-20 Minimum lighting requirements. The obstruction lighting requirements...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Minimum lighting requirements. 67.05-20 Section 67.05-20 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... for Lights § 67.05-20 Minimum lighting requirements. The obstruction lighting requirements...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Color specification of lights. 84... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.13 Color specification of lights. (a) The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the following...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights and sound signal appliances. 81.20 Section 81.20 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES 72 COLREGS: IMPLEMENTING RULES Exemptions § 81.20 Lights and sound...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights and sound signal appliances. 81.20 Section 81.20 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES 72 COLREGS: IMPLEMENTING RULES Exemptions § 81.20 Lights and sound...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights and sound signal appliances. 81.20 Section 81.20 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES 72 COLREGS: IMPLEMENTING RULES Exemptions § 81.20 Lights and sound...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special lighting requirements. 67.05-25 Section 67.05-25 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... for Lights § 67.05-25 Special lighting requirements. Whenever a structure is erected in a position...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special lighting requirements. 67.05-25 Section 67.05-25 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... for Lights § 67.05-25 Special lighting requirements. Whenever a structure is erected in a position...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special lighting requirements. 67.05-25 Section 67.05-25 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... for Lights § 67.05-25 Special lighting requirements. Whenever a structure is erected in a position...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special lighting requirements. 67.05-25 Section 67.05-25 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... for Lights § 67.05-25 Special lighting requirements. Whenever a structure is erected in a position...
Wilcox, B. H.; Gennery, D. B.; Mishkin, A. H.
A Mars rover sample return mission has been proposed for the late 1990's. Due to the long speed-of-light delays between earth and Mars, some autonomy on the rover is highly desirable. JPL has been conducting research in two possible modes of rover operation, Computer-Aided Remote Driving and Semiautonomous Navigation. A recently-completed research program used a half-scale testbed vehicle to explore several of the concepts in semiautonomous navigation. A new, full-scale vehicle with all computational and power resources on-board will be used in the coming year to demonstrate relatively fast semiautonomous navigation. The computational and power requirements for Mars rover local navigation and hazard avoidance are discussed.
..., however, the chromaticity standards for navigation lights in 33 CFR Part 84—Annex I are recommended. ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under...
Algorithm for navigated ESS.
Baudoin, T; Grgić, M V; Zadravec, D; Geber, G; Tomljenović, D; Kalogjera, L
ENT navigation has given new opportunities in performing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) and improving surgical outcome of the patients` treatment. ESS assisted by a navigation system could be called Navigated Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (NESS). As it is generally accepted that the NESS should be performed only in cases of complex anatomy and pathology, it has not yet been established as a state-of-the-art procedure and thus not used on a daily basis. This paper presents an algorithm for use of a navigation system for basic ESS in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The algorithm includes five units that should be highlighted using a navigation system. They are as follows: 1) nasal vestibule unit, 2) OMC unit, 3) anterior ethmoid unit, 4) posterior ethmoid unit, and 5) sphenoid unit. Each unit has a shape of a triangular pyramid and consists of at least four reference points or landmarks. As many landmarks as possible should be marked when determining one of the five units. Navigated orientation in each unit should always precede any surgical intervention. The algorithm should improve the learning curve of trainees and enable surgeons to use the navigation system routinely and systematically. PMID:24260766
Wood, B. J.; Kruecker, J.; Abi-Jaoudeh, N; Locklin, J.; Levy, E.; Xu, S.; Solbiati, L.; Kapoor, A.; Amalou, H.; Venkatesan, A.
Navigation systems, devices and intra-procedural software are changing the way we practice interventional oncology. Prior to the development of precision navigation tools integrated with imaging systems, thermal ablation of hard-to-image lesions was highly dependent upon operator experience, spatial skills, and estimation of positron emission tomography-avid or arterial-phase targets. Numerous navigation systems for ablation bring the opportunity for standardization and accuracy that extends our ability to use imaging feedback during procedures. Existing systems and techniques are reviewed, and specific clinical applications for ablation are discussed to better define how these novel technologies address specific clinical needs, and fit into clinical practice. PMID:20656236
Pedersen, L.; Allan, M.; To, V.; Utz, H.; Wojcikiewicz, W.; Chautems, C.
Increased navigation speed is desirable for lunar rovers, whether autonomous, crewed or remotely operated, but is hampered by the low gravity, high contrast lighting and rough terrain. We describe lidar based navigation system deployed on NASA's K10 autonomous rover and to increase the terrain hazard situational awareness of the Lunar Electric Rover crew.
Emilsson, Erika; Rydell, Joakim
An experiment that provides data for the development of a cognitive model of pilot flight navigation is described. The experiment characterizes navigational awareness as the mental alignment of two frames of reference: (1) the ego centered reference frame that is established by the forward view out of the cockpit and (2) the world centered reference frame that is established by the aircraft's location on a map. The data support a model involving at least two components: (1) the perceptual encoding of the navigational landmarks and (2) the mental rotation of the map's world reference frame into alignment with the ego centered reference frame. The quantitative relationships of these two factors are provided as possible inputs for a computational model of spatial cognition during flight navigation.
Inertial/multisensor navigation
Alikiotis, Dimitri
A Multisensor Navigation System as proposed by the Ohio University Avionics Engineering Center is illustrated. The proposed system incorporates radio (Lorac-C), satellite (Global Positioning System) and an inertial navigation system (INS). The inertial part of the system will be of a low grade since the INS will be used primarily for filtering the GPS data and for short term stability. Loran-C and GPS will be used for long term stability.
Stellar Inertial Navigation Workstation
Johnson, W.; Johnson, B.; Swaminathan, N.
Software and hardware assembled to support specific engineering activities. Stellar Inertial Navigation Workstation (SINW) is integrated computer workstation providing systems and engineering support functions for Space Shuttle guidance and navigation-system logistics, repair, and procurement activities. Consists of personal-computer hardware, packaged software, and custom software integrated together into user-friendly, menu-driven system. Designed to operate on IBM PC XT. Applied in business and industry to develop similar workstations.
Onboard Navigation Systems Characteristics
The space shuttle onboard navigation systems characteristics are described. A standard source of equations and numerical data for use in error analyses and mission simulations related to space shuttle development is reported. The sensor characteristics described are used for shuttle onboard navigation performance assessment. The use of complete models in the studies depend on the analyses to be performed, the capabilities of the computer programs, and the availability of computer resources.
Animals have needed to find their way about almost since a free-living life style evolved. Particularly, if an animal has a home--shelter or nesting site--true navigation becomes necessary to shuttle between this home and areas of other activities, such as feeding. As old as navigation is in the animal kingdom, as diverse are its mechanisms and implementations, depending on an organism's ecology and its endowment with sensors and actuators. The use of landmarks for piloting or the use of trail pheromones for route following have been examined in great detail and in a variety of animal species. The same is true for senses of direction--the compasses for navigation--and the construction of vectors for navigation from compass and distance cues. The measurement of distance itself--odometry--has received much less attention. The present review addresses some recent progress in the understanding of odometers in invertebrates, after outlining general principles of navigation to put odometry in its proper context. Finally, a number of refinements that increase navigation accuracy and safety are addressed. PMID:21525309
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Intensity of lights. 84.15... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.15 Intensity of lights. (a) The minimum luminous intensity of lights will be calculated by using the formula: I = 3.43 ×...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Intensity of lights. 84.15... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.15 Intensity of lights. (a) The minimum luminous intensity of lights will be calculated by using the formula: I=3.43×106...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Intensity of lights. 84.15... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.15 Intensity of lights. (a) The minimum luminous intensity of lights will be calculated by using the formula: I=3.43×106...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Intensity of lights. 84.15... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.15 Intensity of lights. (a) The minimum luminous intensity of lights shall be calculated by using the formula:...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights and signals on attendant vessels. 67.15-1 Section 67.15-1 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS AND FIXED STRUCTURES...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Operating periods of obstruction lights. 67.05-15 Section 67.05-15 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS AND FIXED STRUCTURES...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights and signals on attendant vessels. 67.15-1 Section 67.15-1 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS AND FIXED STRUCTURES...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights and signals on attendant vessels. 67.15-1 Section 67.15-1 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS AND FIXED STRUCTURES...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Operating periods of obstruction lights. 67.05-15 Section 67.05-15 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS AND FIXED STRUCTURES...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights and signals on attendant vessels. 67.15-1 Section 67.15-1 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS AND FIXED STRUCTURES...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Operating periods of obstruction lights. 67.05-15 Section 67.05-15 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS AND FIXED STRUCTURES...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Operating periods of obstruction lights. 67.05-15 Section 67.05-15 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS AND FIXED STRUCTURES...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Intensity of non-electric lights. 84.21 Section 84.21 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INLAND NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.21...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Intensity of non-electric lights. 84.21 Section 84.21 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INLAND NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.21...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Intensity of non-electric lights. 84.21 Section 84.21 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INLAND NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX I: POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES § 84.21...
Haw, Robert J.
A proposed Neptune orbiter Aerocapture mission will use solar electric propulsion to send an orbiter to Neptune. Navigation feasibility of direct-entry aerocapture for orbit insertion at Neptune is shown. The navigation strategy baselines optical imaging and (delta)VLBI measurement in order to satisfy the flight system's atmosphere entry flight path angle, which is targeted to enter Neptune with an entry flight path angle of -11.6 . Error bars on the entry flight path angle of plus/minus0.55 (3(sigma)) are proposed. This requirement can be satisfied with a data cutoff 3.2 days prior to arrival. There is some margin in the arrival template to tighten (i.e. reduce) the entry corridor either by scheduling a data cutoff closer to Neptune or alternatively, reducing uncertainties by increasing the fidelity of the optical navigation camera.
Cassini tour navigation strategy
The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997 as a joint NASA/ESA mission to explore Saturn. After a 7 year cruise the spacecraft will enter orbit around Saturn on 1 July 2004 for a 4 year investigation of the Saturnian system. The Cassini Navigation Team is responsible for designing the reference trajectory and conducting operations to realize this design. This paper describes the strategy for achieving project requirements, the characteristics of the Cassini navigation challenge, and the underlying assumptions.
Different people, seafaring in different parts of the world, used strategies well adapted to their environment with the purpose of safely reaching their destination. Astronomical elements, present in their navigation "toolkit" for orientation, calendar purposes, and time reckoning, contributed to their conceptualization of space and time and were eventually integrated in their ritual, social organization, and social power structure.
Angelova, Anelia; Howard, Andrew; Matthies, Larry; Tang, Benyang; Turmon, Michael; Mjolsness, Eric
Autonomous off-road navigation of robotic ground vehicles has important applications on Earth and in space exploration. Progress in this domain has been retarded by the limited lookahead range of 3-D sensors and by the difficulty of preprogramming systems to understand the traversability of the wide variety of terrain they can encounter.
Fleron, Julian F.; Ecke, Volker
Generations have been inspired by Edwin A. Abbott's profound tour of the dimensions in his novella "Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions" (1884). This well-known satire is the story of a flat land inhabited by geometric shapes trying to navigate the subtleties of their geometric, social, and political positions. In this article, the authors…
Fu, D.D.; Hammond, K.J.; Swain, M.J.
Past work in navigation has worked toward the goal of producing an accurate map of the environment. While no one can deny the usefulness of such a map, the ideal of producing a complete map becomes unrealistic when an agent is faced with performing real tasks. And yet an agent accomplishing recurring tasks should navigate more efficiently as time goes by. We present a system which integrates navigation, planning, and vision. In this view, navigation supports the needs of a larger system as opposed to being a task in its own right. Whereas previous approaches assume an unknown and unstructured environment, we assume a structured environment whose organization is known, but whose specifics are unknown. The system is endowed with a wide range of visual capabilities as well as search plans for informed exploration of a simulated store constructed from real visual data. We demonstrate the agent finding items while mapping the world. In repeatedly retrieving items, the agent`s performance improves as the learned map becomes more useful.
Synergies in Astrometry: Predicting Navigational Error of Visual Binary Stars
Gessner Stewart, Susan
Celestial navigation can employ a number of bright stars which are in binary systems. Often these are unresolved, appearing as a single, center-of-light object. A number of these systems are, however, in wide systems which could introduce a margin of error in the navigation solution if not handled properly. To illustrate the importance of good orbital solutions for binary systems - as well as good astrometry in general - the relationship between the center-of-light versus individual catalog position of celestial bodies and the error in terrestrial position derived via celestial navigation is demonstrated. From the list of navigational binary stars, fourteen such binary systems with at least 3.0 arcseconds apparent separation are explored. Maximum navigational error is estimated under the assumption that the bright star in the pair is observed at maximum separation, but the center-of-light is employed in the navigational solution. The relationships between navigational error and separation, orbital periods, and observers' latitude are discussed.
Reppert, Steven M; Gegear, Robert J; Merlin, Christine
Recent studies of the iconic fall migration of monarch butterflies have illuminated the mechanisms behind their southward navigation while using a time-compensated sun compass. Skylight cues, such as the sun itself and polarized light, are processed through both eyes and are probably integrated in the brain's central complex, the presumed site of the sun compass. Time compensation is provided by circadian clocks that have a distinctive molecular mechanism and that reside in the antennae. Monarchs might also use a magnetic compass because they possess two cryptochromes that have the molecular capability for light-dependent magnetoreception. Multiple genomic approaches are now being used with the aim of identifying navigation genes. Monarch butterflies are thus emerging as an excellent model organism in which to study the molecular and neural basis of long-distance migration. PMID:20627420
Space shuttle navigation analysis. Volume 2: Baseline system navigation
Jones, H. L.; Luders, G.; Matchett, G. A.; Rains, R. G.
Studies related to the baseline navigation system for the orbiter are presented. The baseline navigation system studies include a covariance analysis of the Inertial Measurement Unit calibration and alignment procedures, postflight IMU error recovery for the approach and landing phases, on-orbit calibration of IMU instrument biases, and a covariance analysis of entry and prelaunch navigation system performance.
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on dredge pipelines. 88.15... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX V: PILOT RULES § 88.15 Lights on dredge pipelines. Dredge pipelines that are floating or supported on trestles shall display the following lights at night and in periods of...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on dredge pipelines. 88.15... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX V: PILOT RULES § 88.15 Lights on dredge pipelines. Dredge pipelines that are floating or supported on trestles shall display the following lights at night and in periods of...
... anchor in accordance with Rule 30, or may be lighted on the corners in accordance with 33 CFR 88.13. ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights for moored vessels. 82.5... NAVIGATION RULES 72 COLREGS: INTERPRETATIVE RULES § 82.5 Lights for moored vessels. For the purposes of...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on moored barges. 88.13... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX V: PILOT RULES § 88.13 Lights on moored barges. (a) The following barges shall display at night and if practicable in periods of restricted visibility the lights described in paragraph...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on moored barges. 88.13... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX V: PILOT RULES § 88.13 Lights on moored barges. (a) The following barges shall display at night and if practicable in periods of restricted visibility the lights described in paragraph...
... anchor in accordance with Rule 30, or may be lighted on the corners in accordance with 33 CFR 88.13. ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights for moored vessels. 82.5... NAVIGATION RULES 72 COLREGS: INTERPRETATIVE RULES § 82.5 Lights for moored vessels. For the purposes of...
... anchor in accordance with Rule 30, or may be lighted on the corners in accordance with 33 CFR 88.13. ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights for moored vessels. 82.5... NAVIGATION RULES 72 COLREGS: INTERPRETATIVE RULES § 82.5 Lights for moored vessels. For the purposes of...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on moored barges. 88.13... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX V: PILOT RULES § 88.13 Lights on moored barges. (a) The following barges shall display at night and if practicable in periods of restricted visibility the lights described in paragraph...
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on dredge pipelines. 88.15... NAVIGATION RULES ANNEX V: PILOT RULES § 88.15 Lights on dredge pipelines. Dredge pipelines that are floating or supported on trestles shall display the following lights at night and in periods of...
... anchor in accordance with Rule 30, or may be lighted on the corners in accordance with 33 CFR 88.13. ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights for moored vessels. 82.5... NAVIGATION RULES 72 COLREGS: INTERPRETATIVE RULES § 82.5 Lights for moored vessels. For the purposes of...
Helmick, Daniel M.; Angelova, Anelia; Matthies, Larry H.; Helmick, Daniel M.
A navigation system designed for a Mars rover has been designed to deal with rough terrain and/or potential slip when evaluating and executing paths. The system also can be used for any off-road, autonomous vehicles. The system enables vehicles to autonomously navigate different terrain challenges including dry river channel systems, putative shorelines, and gullies emanating from canyon walls. Several of the technologies within this innovation increase the navigation system s capabilities compared to earlier rover navigation algorithms.
... navigating the lock or not. No one shall cause any movement of any vessel, boat, or other floating thing in... entrance a green light will be shown from the river wall. An amber light will indicate that the lock...
Liu, Ze; Zhang, Ran; Wang, Zhiwen; Guan, Le; Li, Bin; Chu, Jinkui
Based on the navigation strategy of insects utilizing the polarized skylight, an integrated polarization-dependent sensor for autonomous navigation is presented. The navigation sensor has the features of compact structure, high precision, strong robustness, and a simple manufacture technique. The sensor is composed by integrating a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor sensor with a multiorientation nanowire grid polarizer. By nanoimprint lithography, the multiorientation nanowire polarizer is fabricated in one step and the alignment error is eliminated. The statistical theory is added to the interval-division algorithm to calculate the polarization angle of the incident light. The laboratory and outdoor tests for the navigation sensor are implemented and the errors of the measured angle are ±0.02 deg and ±1.3 deg, respectively. The results show that the proposed sensor has potential for application in autonomous navigation.
Rangefinding equipment and onboard navigation system determine best route from point to point. Research robot has two TV cameras and laser for scanning and mapping its environment. Path planner finds most direct, unobstructed route that requires minimum expenditure of energy. Distance is used as measure of energy expense, although other measures such as time or power consumption (which would depend on the topography of the path) may be used.
Persa, Stelian; Jonker, Pieter P.