Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8034925?dq=5958006
Timestamp: 2016-02-09 19:13:10
Document Index: 494887718

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 02742474', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 02742474', 'Application No. 07753854', 'Application No. 07753949']

Patent US8034925 - Glucosamine and method of making glucosamine from microbial biomass - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsGlucosamine suitable for human or animal consumption is disclosed. The glucosamine is derived from fungal biomass containing chitin. Various methods of producing glucosamine by acid hydrolysis of fermented fungal biomass are also disclosed....http://www.google.com/patents/US8034925?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8034925 - Glucosamine and method of making glucosamine from microbial biomassAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8034925 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/727,176Publication dateOct 11, 2011Filing dateMar 18, 2010Priority dateFeb 16, 2001Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS7816514, US20040077055, US20100222566, US20110319358Publication number12727176, 727176, US 8034925 B2, US 8034925B2, US-B2-8034925, US8034925 B2, US8034925B2InventorsLawrence E. Fosdick, John A. Bohlmann, James R. Trinkle, Brenda L. RayOriginal AssigneeCargill, IncorporatedExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (112), Non-Patent Citations (294), Referenced by (1), Classifications (13), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetGlucosamine and method of making glucosamine from microbial biomass
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30, 1995May 9, 2000State of Israel--Ministry of AgricultureComposition and method for controlling plant diseases caused by fungiUS6117851Dec 12, 1997Sep 12, 2000Lescarden Inc.Treatment of osteoarthritis by administering poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamineUS6143883Dec 31, 1998Nov 7, 2000Marlyn Nutraceuticals, Inc.Water-soluble low molecular weight beta-glucans for modulating immunological responses in mammalian systemUS6225493Aug 21, 2000May 1, 2001The Nutrasweet CompanyMetal ion assisted N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester isomer resolutionUS6242594Mar 13, 1996Jun 5, 2001Novogen Research Pty. 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(1998).6"The Fungal Cell," Chapter 2, pp. 22-39 (Date Unknown).7Aiqin, Wang et al., "Preparation and Quality Analysis of N-(carboxymethyl) Chitosan," Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics, pp. 147-149 (1996) (English translated title and abstract).8Aiqin, Wang et al., "Studies on Preparation and Properties of Chitosan Membrane of Matrix," vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 49-51, 54 (1996) (English translated title and abstract).9Aldrich, Catalog Hand book of Fine Chemicals, p. 756 (1996).10Alonso, I. et al., "Determination of the Degree of Acetylation of Chitin and Chitosan by Thermal Analysis," Journal of Thermal Analysis, vol. 28, pp. 189-193 (1983).11An, Yanhua et al., "Phosphorus Wastewater Treatment Technology," Liaoning Chemical Industry, vol. 26, No. 4 (1997) (English translated title and abstract).12Anon., "Extraction Technology for Chitin" (not dated) (English translated title). This reference concerns chitin extraction technology.13Appleton, Jeremy, Inadequate Screening of Imported Food and Dietary Supplements, 2 Integrative Medicine, 58-65 (available at www.ifr.bbsrc.ac.uk/protall/infosheet.htm, Feb./Mar. 2003).14Arcidiacono, S. et al., "Molecular Weight Distribution of Chitosan isolated from Mucor rouxii under Different Culture and Processing Conditions," Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 39, pp. 281-286 (1992).15Atrih, A. et al., "Analysis of Peptidoglycan Structure from Vegetative Cells of Bacillus subtilis 168 and Role of PBP 5 in Peptidoglycan Maturation," Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 181, No. 13, pp. 3956-3966 (Jul. 1999).16Bafang, Li et al., "The Comparative Studies on Dietary Fibres in Diabetic Rats," Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 59-64 (Mar. 1999) (English translated title and abstract).17Bangliang, Li et al., "The Preparation and Analysis of Low-molecular Weight Chitosan," Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics, vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 292-294 (1999) (English translated title and abstract).18Bartnicki-Garcia, S., "Cell Wall Chemistry, Morphogenesis, and Taxonomy of Fungi," Chemistry of Fungal Cell Wall, pp. 87-108 (1968).19Benjakul, S. et al., "Improvement of Deacetylation of Chitin from Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Carapace and Shell," ASEAN Food Journal, vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 136-140 (1994).20Beri, R., et al., "Characterization of Chitosans via Coupled Size-Exclusion Chromatography and Multiple-Angle Laser Light-Scattering Technique," Carbohydrate Research, vol. 238, pp. 11-26 (1993).21Bi, Jianwei et al., "Current Study Process on Clarification of Oral Formulations," Shandong Medical Industry, vol. 17, No. 3 pp. 25-26 (1998) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin for use in medicinal preparations.22Bi, Yangeng, "Study on Factors Affecting Chitin Product Quality," Shaanxi Chemical Industry, No. 4, pp. 31-32 (1994) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin properties and quality.23Biermann, C., "Hydrolysis and Other Cleavage of Glycosidic Linkages," Chapter 3, pp. 29-41 (Date Unknown).24Bofen, Yan et al., "Effect of Microwave Radiation Energy on Chitosan Preparation and Properties," Food and Fermentation Industries, vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 39-41 (not dated) (English translated title and abstract).25Buhua, Qu et al., "Improvement of Chitin Preparation Technique," Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics, vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 63-65 (1995) (English translated title and abstract).26Cai, Jingping et al., "Study on Production of Amino Chitosan Oligosaccharide," Food Science, vol. 21, No. 9 pp. 21-24 (2000) (English translated title and abstract).27Cao, G., "Preparation of Glucosamine Hydrochloride from Chitin," Journal: Huaxue Shijie, vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 250-253 (1998).28Cao, Genting, "Trial Preparation of Amino Glucosamine," Chemical World, pp. 250-253 (1998) (English translated title and abstract).29Cargill Acidulants, "Proposal for making a "Substantial Equivalence" notification for Non-Shellfish Glucosamine Hydrochloride under Regulation (EC) No. 258/97 for the European Parliament and the Council of Jan. 27, 1997 concerning novel foods and novel food ingredients," (Feb. 5, 2004).30Cargill, Incorporated, "Gras Notification for Regenasure(TM) Glucosamine Hydrochloride," (Apr. 6, 2004).31Cargill, Incorporated, "Gras Notification for Regenasure™ Glucosamine Hydrochloride," (Apr. 6, 2004).32Cargill's Opposition to Motion for Summary Determination of Invalidity of the '433 Patent by Respondent Nantong Foreign Trade Medicines & Health Products Co., Ltd. (dated Jun. 11, 2009).33Cargill's Response to Motion for Leave to File Reply to Cargill's Opposition to NFT's Motion for Summary Determination of Invalidity of the '433Patent by Respondent Nantong Foreign Trade Medicines & Health Products Co., Ltd. (dated Jun. 22, 2009).34Carlson, T. et al., "Chitin/Chitosan Extraction from A. Niger Mycelium," Cargill Central Research, 16 pages (Aug. 1997).35Chang, Ke Liang B. et al., "HPLC Analysis of N-acetyl-chito-oligosaccharides during the Acid Hydration of Chitin," Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 75-83 (2000).36Changming, Ye et al., "Preparation Property and Application of Water-solubility Chitin Derivatives," Comments & Reviews in C.I., pp. 5-10 (Nov. 1999) (English translated title and abstract).37Chaohui, Zhang, "Natural Macromolecular Compound: Chitin and Its Derivatives (Continued)," G.X. Light Ind., pp. 15-17 (Apr. 1999) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin and derivatives of chitin.38Chen, Chunxin et al., "A Study on Preparation of Chitosan and its Derivatives," Hunan Chemical Industry, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 12-15 (Jun. 1999) (English translated title and abstract).39Chen, George C. et al., "Improved Colorimetric Determination of Cell Wall Chitin in Wood Decay Fungi," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 13-16 (Jul. 1983).40Chen, Ling-yun et al., "Structure-antimicrobial ability relationship of Carboxymethyl Chitosan," J. Wuhan Univ. (Nat. Sci Ed.), vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 191-194 (Apr. 2000) (English translated title and abstract).41Chen, Lusheng, "Study on Preparation Parameters of Completely Soluble Chitosan," Chemistry, No. 8 pp. 48-50 (1998) (English translated title). 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The Role of Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Collagen Hydrolysate," Osteoarthritis, vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 379-395 (May 1999).49Decision to Grant from European Patent Office for European Patent Application No. 02742474.6, dated Dec. 2, 2010.50Department of Health and Human Services, FDA Increases Sampling of Imported Shrimp and Crayfish, FDA News (2002) (available at www.fda.gov.bbs.topics/NEWS/2002/NEW00815.html, last visited Oct. 18, 2002).51Ding, Ming et al., "Study on Preparation of Chitosan Micro Spheres," Chemical World, No. 12, pp. 636-640 (1998) (English translated title and abstract).52Dinghe, Zhu, "Application of Chitin/Chitosan and its derivative," Journal of Shaoguan University (Natural Science), vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 147-150 (Jun. 1998) (English translated title and abstract).53Dinghe, Zhu, "Application of Chitin/Chitosan and its derivative," Journal of Shaoguan University (Natural Science), vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 147-150 (Jun. 1998) (English translated title and abstract).54Domanski et al., "Use of a Chitinase Complex and beta-(1,3)-Glucanase for Spheroplast Production from Candida albicans," J. 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The reference appears to concern properties of chitin.90He, Xiaojin et al., "Study on Synthesis and Adsorption Properties to Metal of Chitosan Chelated Resins," Ion Exchange and Adsorption, vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 47-53 (2000) (English translated title and abstract).91Hezhong, Liu et al., "Chitin Plant Growth Regulator Applying to the Maize," Natural Product Research and Development, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 90-92 (1995) (English translated title and abstract).92Hicks, R.E. et al., "A comparison of glucosamine and biovolume conversion factors for estimating fungal biomass," Oikos, vol. 42, pp. 355-360 (1984).93Hong, Liu et al., "Recent Applications in the Research of Chitosan," J. of Huaihai Inst. of Tech. (Nat. Sci.), vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 66-69 (Dec. 1996) (English translated title and abstract).94Hu, Zhong-Ming et al., "Thermotropic Phase Transition of Liquid Crystalline Solution of Chitosan/Dichloroacetic Acid," Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 153-155 (Jan. 1999) (English translated title and abstract).95Huang et al., "Development and Validation of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity Assay for Lipophilic Antioxidants Using Randomly Methylated β-Cyclodextrin as the Solubility Enhancer," J. Agric. Food Chem., 7 pp. (2002).96Huang et al., "High-Throughput Assay of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) Using a Multichannel Liquid Handling System Coupled with a Microplate Fluorescence Reader in 96-Well Format," J. Agric. Food. Chem., vol. 50, pp. 4437-4444 (2002).97Huang, Wenqian et al., "New Progress on Nature Macromolecular Chitin/Chitosan," Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, No. 6, pp. 23-25 (1998) (English translated title and abstract).98Huang, Ziyang et al., "Application Summary of Chitin and its Derivatives," Fujian Chemistry and Industry, No. 4, pp. 9-15 (1998) (English translated title and abstract).99International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2007/007258, filed Mar. 22, 2007 (Mailed Aug. 29, 2007).100International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2007/007365, filed Mar. 22, 2007 (Mailed Oct. 22, 2007).101Jacobson, R., "Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft," pp. 2192-2200 (1898) (German).102Jian, Cao et al., "Study on Chitin and Chitosan of Aspergillus niger," vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 200-203 (1995) (English translated title and abstract).103Jiang, Tingda, Chitin, Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 2003.1 ISBN 7-5025-3998-0 (not dated) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin.104Jiang, Tingda, Chitosan, Chemical Industry Press (not dated) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin and chitosan.105Jiang, Tingda, Chitosan, Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 2000 ISBN 7-5025-3143-0 (not dated) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin and chitosan.106Jie, Luo et al., "Application of Modified Chitin and Chitosan in Food," pp. 39-40, 54 (Feb. 1999) (English translated title and abstract).107Jiheng, Li et al., "Studies on Preparation of Carboxymethylchitosan," Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics, pp. 175-177 (Apr. 21, 2000) (English translated title and abstract).108Jihua, Yu et al., "Studies on Chemical Modification and application of Chitin and Chitosan," pp. 28-32 (Mar. 1997) (English translated title and abstract).109Jinyun, Wang et al., "Preparation of Chitin and Chitosan," Journal of Hebei Institute of Chemical Technology and Light Industry, vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 48-52, 62 (1995) (English translated title and abstract).110Jisheng, Yang, "Application of Carboxy Methyl Chitosan in Cosmetics," Fine Chemicals, vol. 14, pp. 62-64 (1997) (English translated title and abstract).111Jisheng, Yang, "Preparation and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives," Journal of Yangzhou Institute of Technology, vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 64-68 (Jun. 1995) (English translated title and abstract).112Johnson, Bruce R. et al., "Occurrence and Inhibition of Chitin in Cell Walls of Wood-Decay Fungi," Holzforschung, vol. 37, pp. 255-259 (1983).113Johnston, I., "The Composition of the Cell Wall of Asperigillus niger," Biochem. J., vol. 96, pp. 651-658 (1965).114Kimura, K. et al, "Determination of the Mode of Hydrolysis of Chitooligosaccharides by Chitosanase Derived from Aspergillus oryzae by Thin Layer Chromatography," Chemistry Letters, pp. 223-226 (1992).115Kirchman, David L., "Hydrolysis and mineralization of chitin in the Delaware Estuary," Aquatic Microbial Ecology, vol. 18, pp. 187-196 (Aug. 9, 1999).116Kostina et al., "Chitin of mycelial fungi of the Penicillium genus," Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. Abstract, vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 586-593 (1978).117Kralovec, Jaroslav A. et al., "Glucosamine Production and Health Benefits," in Marine Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Ch. 8, pp. 197-227 (2008).118Kurita, K. et al., "Studies on Chitin, 3, Preparation of Pure Chitin, Poly(N-acetyl-D-glucosamine), from the Water-Soluble Chitin," Makromal. Chem., vol. 178, pp. 2595-2602 (1977).119Kurita, K. et al., "Studies on Chitin, 4, Evidence for Formation of Block and Random Copolymers of N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-Glucosamine by Hetero- and Homogeneous Hydrolyses," Makromol. Chem., vol. 178, pp. 3197-3202 (1977).120Kurita, K., "Controlled Functionalization of the Polysaccharide Chitin," Prog. Polym. Sci., vol. 26, pp. 1921-1971 (2001).121Li, Shupin et al., "Safety and Physiological Activity of Chitosan," Shandong Food Science and Technology, No. 5, pp. 22-23 (1999) (English translated title and abstract).122Li, Zhi et al., "Antimicrobial Activity of O-Carboxymethyl-Chitosan," China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, vol. 3, pp. 10-11 (Jun. 2000) (English translated title and abstract).123Lin, Youwen et al., "Medical Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives," Journal of Fujian Medical University, vol. 33, No. 2m pp. 226-228 (Jun. 1999) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern medicinal uses of chitin.124Lin, Youwen et al., "Preparation of Carboxymethyl Chitosan by Ultrasonic Radiation," Ion Exchange and Adsorption, vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 54-59 (2000) (English translated title and abstract).125Liu, Hengsheng et al., "Preparation and Application of Chitin and Chitosan," Application Technology, No. 7 (1998) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin preparation processes.126Liu, Hong et al., "Study on Preparation Process of Soluble Chitin with High Viscosity," Chemical World, No. 6, pp. 303-306 (1994) (English translated title and abstract).127Liu, Nan et al., "Extraction Technology for Chitin," pp. 14 (unidentified publ. source; not dated) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern extraction of chitin.128Liu, Xing et al., "Chemical Methods to Develop Chitosan Products," Fujian Chemical Industry, No. 3 pp. 20-24 (1994) (English translated title and abstract).129Liwei, Zhang et al., "The Study on Preparation and Decolorization of Glucosamine Hydrochloride," China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House, vol. 2, pp. 84-86 (1999) (English translated title and abstract).130Longfa, Jiang et al., "Immobilized Glucoamylase E.C.3.2.1.3 with Hollow Globe Chitosan," vol. 12, pp. 638-641 (1999) (English translated title and abstract).131Maghami, G. et al., "Evaluation of the Viscometric Constants for Chitosan," Makromol. 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Based on a Consent Order; Issuance of Consent Order (dated Jul. 30, 2009).158Notice of Commission Determination Not to Review an Initial Determination Granting Complainant's Unopposed Motion to Withdraw its Complaint and Terminate the Investigation as to Two Respondents (dated Jul. 28, 2009).159Notice of Commission Determination to Review an Initial Determination Granting a Joint Motion to Terminate the Investigation as to Respondent Ethical Naturals, Inc. from the Investigation Based Upon a Settlement Agreement; Briefing Schedule (dated Aug. 24, 2009).160Novikov, "Kinetics of formation of D-(+)-glucosamine in acid hydrolysis of chitin," Russian Journal Abstract (Sankt-Peterburg), vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 147-152 (1999).161Novikov, V. et al., "Synthesis of D(+)-Glucosamine Hydrochloride," Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, vol. 70, No. 9, pp. 1467-1470 (1997).162Novikov, V. Yu., "Kinetics of Formation of D(+)-Glucosamine by Acid Hydrolysis of Chitin," Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 156-161 (1999).163Office Action from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office for Canadian Patent Application No. 2,438,233, dated Apr. 7, 2009.164Office Action from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office for Canadian Patent Application No. 2,438,233, dated Sep. 20, 2010.165Office Action from the European Patent Office for European Patent Application No. 02742474.6, dated Feb. 22, 2010.166Office Action from the European Patent Office for European Patent Application No. 07753854.4, dated Aug. 3, 2009.167Office Action from the European Patent Office for European Patent Application No. 07753949.2, dated Apr. 4, 2010.168Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for U.S. Appl. No. 10/382,251, dated Mar. 29, 2006.169Office action from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for U.S. Appl. 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Ed.), vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 195-198 (Apr. 2000) (English translated title and abstract).180Rajderkar, N.R., "Decay of Wood by Alternaria and Penicillium and Chief Methods of Control," Mycopathologia, vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 149-151 (Jun. 1966).181Rege, P. et al., "Chitosan Processing: Influence of Process Parameters During Acidic and Alkaline Hydrolysis and Effect of the Processing Sequence on the Resultant Chitosan's Properties," Carbohydrate Research, vol. 321, Nos. 3-4, pp. 235-245 (Oct. 15, 1999).182Respondent Nantong Foreign Medicines & Health Products Co., Ltd.'s and Respondent Tiancheng International Inc.'s Notice of Prior Art (dated Jun. 5, 2009).183Respondent NFT's Motion for Leave to File Reply to Complaint Cargill, Incorporated's Opposition to NFT's Motion for Summary Determination of Invalidity of the '433 Patent (dated Jun. 18, 2009).184Respondent NFT's Motion for Summary Determination of Invalidity of the '433 Patent Based on Prior Art (dated May 29, 2009).185Respondent NFT's Request to Withdraw its Motion for Summary Determination of Invalidity of the '433 Patent and Non-Opposition to Cargill's Motion to Withdraw Complaint and Terminate Investigation as to NFT and Tiangcheng International, Inc. (dated Jun. 23, 2009).186Restriction Requirement from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for U.S. Appl. No. 11/394,981, dated May 21, 2009.187Restriction Requirement from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for U.S. Appl. No. 11/395,013, dated Jun. 2, 2009.188Ride, J.P. et al., "A rapid method for the chemical estimation of filamentous fungi in plant tissue," Physiol. Plant Pathol, vol. 2, pp. 7-15 (1972).189Roberts, G. et al., "Determination of the Viscomtric Constants for Chitosan," Int. J. Biol., vol. 4, pp. 374-377 (Oct. 1982).190Rokem, J. et al., "Degradation of Fungal Cell Walls Taking into Consideration the Polysaccharide Composition," Enzyme Microb. Technol., vol. 8, No. 10, pp. 588-592 (Oct. 1986) (Abstract).191Rongjun, "Dietary Fibers Can Give You Healthy and Beautiful Skin," China Health, No. 5 (1996) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin in food supplements.192Ross, W., "The Origin of the Glucosamine Obtained in the Hydrolysis of Boletus edulis," Glucosamine from Boletus edulis, Chap. XXIX, pp. 313-319 (1915).193Ruiquan, Fan et al., "Preparation of Chitosan and Its Flocculation," Journal of Fuzhou University (Natural Science), vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 71-75 (Feb. 1995) (English translated title and abstract).194Ruiz-Herrera, J., "Biosynthesis of β-glucans in fungi," Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, vol. 60, pp. 73-81 (1991).195Ruiz-Herrera, J., "Chemical Components of the Cell Wall of Aspergillus Species," Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 122, pp. 118-125 (1967).196Rupley, J.A., "The Hydrolysis of Chitin by Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid, and the Preparation of Low-Molecular-Weight Substrates for Lysozyme," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 245-255 (Nov. 1, 1964).197Sabnis, S. et al., "Improved Infrared Spectroscopic Method for the Analysis of Degree of N-deacetylation of Chitosan," Polymer Bulletin, vol. 39, pp. 67-7I (1997).198Sakai, K. et al., "Purification and Hydrolytic Action of a Chitosanase from Nocardia orientalis," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta., vol. 1079, pp. 65-72 (1991).199Sandula, J. et al., "Microbial (1→3)-β-D-glucans, their preparation, physico-chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity," Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 38, pp. 247-253 (1999).200Sannan, T. et al., "Studies on Chitin, 2, Effect of Deacetylation on Solubility," Makromol. Chem., vol. 177. pp. 3589-3600 (1976).201Schmitz, O. et al., "Quantification of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza by biochemical parameters," J. Plant Physiol, vol. 139, pp. 106-114 (1991).202Shabrukova, Nataliya V. et al., "Research of Acid Hydrolyses of Chitin-Glucan and Chitosan-Glucan Complexes," Chemistry and Computational Simulation. Butlerov Communications, vol. 2, No. 8, pp. 57-59 (2002).203Shahidi, F. et al., "Food Applications of Chitin and Chitosans," Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol. 10, pp. 37-51 (1999).204Shahidi, Fereidoon et al., "Chitin, Chitosan, and Co-Products: Chemistry, Production, Applications, and Health Effects," in Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, vol. 49, pp. 93-135 (2005).205Shan, Hu et al., "Study on Extraction Process of Chitin and Chitosan," Food Science, vol. 18, No. 10, pp. 14-15, (1997) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern processes for extraction of chitin.206Shao, Jian et al., "Biomedical Application of Chitin and Chitosan," Journal of Nantong Medical College, vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 145-146 (1997) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern uses for chitin.207Shen, Eran, "Magic Chitin and Chitosan," Medicines and Men, vol. 22, p. 87 (Mar. 1999) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin uses.208Sheng, Chen et al., "Preparation of Chitosan Complex with Zinc," Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 65-67 (Aug. 1998) (English translated title and abstract).209Sheng, Chen et al., "Study on Chitosan-immobilized Cellulase," Prog. Biochem. Biophys., vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 250-254 (1996) (English translated title and abstract).210Sheng, Chen et al., "The Technological Condition of Preparing Chitosan from Five Materials," vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 54-57 (1996) (English translated title and abstract).211Shu, C-K, "Degradation Products Formed from Glucosamine in Water," J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 46, pp. 1129-1131 (1998).212Sigma, Biochemicals and Reagents, p. 461 (2000).213Song, Baozhen, "Chitin, Chitosan and Our Health," Fine and Special Chemicals, No. 21, pp. 11-12 (1999) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin uses.214Stagg, C. et al., "The Characterization of a Chitin-Associated D-Glucan from the Cell Walls of Aspergillus niger," Biochim Biophys Acta.,vol. 320, pp. 64-72 (1973).215Stainer, R. et al., "The Microbial World," Prentice-Hall, Inc., pp. 332-336 (1970).216Subramanyam, C. et al., "An enzymic method for the determination of chitin and chitosan in fungal cell walls," J. 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The reference appears to concern chitin uses.241Wang, Chunxia, "Application of Chitosan on Absorptive Extraction and Isolation of Enzymes," Hebei Chemical Industry, No. 1, pp. 33-34 (1998) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitin.242Wang, Shikui et al., "Preparation and Chemical and Physical Properties of Amino Chitosan Oligosaccharide," Chemical World, No. 4, pp. 192-195 (1994) (English translated title and abstract).243Wang, Yueying, "Development and Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives," Gangsu Light and Textile Technology, No. 4, pp. 35-36 (1997) (English translated title and abstract).244Wei, Li et al., "Study on the Chemical Quantitative Analysis of Hyaluronic Acid," Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 96-99 (1994) (English translated title and abstract).245Wei, Xiyu et al., "Preliminary Study on Preparation of N, O-carboxymethyl Chitosan and its Effects on Storage Life of Strawberries," Marine Science, No. 2, pp. 3-5 (1998) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern chitosan uses.246Wen, Lu, "Dietary Fibers and their New Production Methods," Technology Today, No. 8, p. 5 (1998) (English translated title). The reference appears to concern production of chitin products.247Wenbo, Yang et al., "Purification and Properties of Chitinase from Streptomyces Sp. 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Ed.), vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 187-190 (Apr. 2000) (English translated title and abstract).291Zhen-nan, Liu, "Preparation and Property of Chitin Derivant," Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 92-95 (Jun. 1995) (English translated title and abstract).292Zhou, Ri-you, "Production Application and Development of Citric Acid in China," Jiangsu Chemical Industry, vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 10-13 (Oct. 2001) (English translated title and abstract).293Zhou, Tao et al., "Study of Preparation and Characterization of Trypsin Immobilized to Chitosan," Journal of Ningbo University, vol. 12, No. 1, pp. (Mar. 1999) (English translated title and abstract).294Zongshun, Cao et al., "Studies on Preparation of Chitosan Films and It's Stability," Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics, pp. 178-179 (Apr. 16, 1995) (English translated title and abstract).Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS9249235Mar 14, 2014Feb 2, 2016Johannes van LeeuwenProcesses for isolating chitin and chitosan from fungal biomassClassifications U.S. Classification536/55.3, 536/55.2International ClassificationC07H5/06, A23L1/30, C07H5/04, C12P19/26Cooperative ClassificationA23V2002/00, C12P19/26, A23L1/30, C07H5/06European ClassificationC12P19/26, A23L1/30, C07H5/06Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 11, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: CARGILL, INCORPORATED, MINNESOTAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FOSDICK, LAWRENCE E.;BOHLMANN, JOHN A.;TRINKLE, JAMES R.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:024368/0666Effective date: 20031013Nov 20, 2012CCCertificate of correctionMar 25, 2015FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services