Source: https://www.justice.gov/jm/criminal-resource-manual-1034-kidnapping-federal-jurisdiction
Timestamp: 2019-03-24 07:09:42
Document Index: 481208314

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1204', '§ 1201', '§ 1201', '§ 721', '§ 1201', '§ 878', '§ 1201']

1034. Kidnapping—Federal Jurisdiction | JM | Department of Justice
The kidnapping offense generally does not apply to matters involving the taking of a minor by a parent, except for 18 U.S.C. § 1204, international parental kidnapping. See JM 9-74.200 and this Manual at 1957. In such cases, the parent must have removed or retained a child under the age of 16 years outside of the United States with the intention to obstruct the lawful exercise of parental rights. Under § 1201, the term "parent" does not include those persons whose parental rights with respect to the victim child have been terminated by a final court order. See § 1201(h).
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104-132, § 721(f), 110 Stat. 1214, 1299, changed the statutory language of 18 U.S.C. § 1201(e), effective April 24, 1996, from "an internationally protected person" to "an internationally protected person outside the United States" and permits jurisdiction over the offense if "(1) the victim is a representative, officer, employee or agent of the United States, (2) an offender is a national of the United States, or (3) an offender is afterwards found in the United States." The definition of "national of the United States" has also been referenced in the amendment. See also 18 U.S.C. § 878: Threats and extortion against foreign officials, official guests, or internationally protected persons.
‹ 1033. Kidnapping—18 U.S.C. §§ 1201, 1202 up 1035. FBI Assistance in Missing Persons Cases ›