Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7761775?dq=6859936
Timestamp: 2014-07-12 08:03:45
Document Index: 797712013

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 04077589', 'Application No. 03807890', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 03807890', 'Application No. 03807890', 'Application No. 03745715', 'Application No. 03745715', 'Application No. 03745715', 'Application No. 03745715', 'Application No. 04077589', 'Application No. 04077589', 'Application No. 04077589', 'Application No. 10']

Patent US7761775 - Mode selection for data transmission in wireless communication channels ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA method and communication system for selecting a mode for encoding data for transmission in a wireless communication channel between a transmit unit and a receive unit. The data is initially transmitted in an initial mode and the selection of the subsequent mode is based on a selection of first-order...http://www.google.com/patents/US7761775?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7761775 - Mode selection for data transmission in wireless communication channels based on statistical parametersAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7761775 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/884,102Publication dateJul 20, 2010Filing dateJul 1, 2004Priority dateSep 19, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS6760882, US7191381, US7921349, US8418033, US20020056066, US20050031044, US20100318861, US20110179336, WO2002025853A2, WO2002025853A3Publication number10884102, 884102, US 7761775 B2, US 7761775B2, US-B2-7761775, US7761775 B2, US7761775B2InventorsDavid J. Gesbert, Severine E. Catreux, Robert W. Heath, Jr., Peroor K. Sebastian, Arogyaswami J. PaulrajOriginal AssigneeIntel CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (43), Non-Patent Citations (25), Referenced by (3), Classifications (24), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMode selection for data transmission in wireless communication channels based on statistical parametersUS 7761775 B2Abstract A method and communication system for selecting a mode for encoding data for transmission in a wireless communication channel between a transmit unit and a receive unit. The data is initially transmitted in an initial mode and the selection of the subsequent mode is based on a selection of first-order and second-order statistical parameters of short-term and long-term quality parameters. Suitable short-term quality parameters include signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), power level and suitable long-term quality parameters include error rates such as bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER). The method of the invention can be employed in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Multiple Input Single Output (MISO), Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) communication systems to make subsequent mode selection faster and more efficient. Furthermore the method can be used in communication systems employing various transmission protocols including OFDMA, FDMA, CDMA, TDMA.
1. An apparatus for selecting a mode for encoding data for transmission in a wireless communication channel between a transmit unit and a receive unit, the apparatus comprising:
means for transmitting said data encoded in an initial mode from said transmit unit to said receive unit;
means for sampling a quality parameter of said data received by said receive unit;
means for computing a first-order statistical parameter of said quality parameter;
means for computing a second-order statistical parameter of said quality parameter; and
means for selecting a subsequent mode for encoding said data based on said first-order statistical parameter and said second-order statistical parameter.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said quality parameter comprises a short-term quality parameter, and further comprising means for setting a first sampling window during which said short-term quality parameter is sampled.
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said wireless communication channel has a coherence time and said first sampling window is set based on said coherence time.
4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said subsequent mode is applied after a delay time, and said first sampling window is set based on said delay time.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said second-order statistical parameter is a variance of said short-term quality parameter, said variance being computed over a variance computation time and said first sampling window being set on the order of said variance computation time.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said short-term quality parameter is selected from a group comprising signal-to-interference and noise ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, or power level, or combinations thereof.
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said quality parameter comprises a long-term quality parameter, and further comprising means for setting a second sampling window during which said long-term quality parameter is sampled.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said first-order statistical parameter is a mean of said long-term quality parameter, said mean being computed over a mean computation time and said second sampling window being set on the order of said mean computation time.
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said long-term quality parameter comprises an error rate of said data at said receive unit.
10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said error rate is computed over an error rate computation time, and said second sampling window is set on the order of said error rate computation time.
11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said error rate is selected from a group comprising bit error rate or packet error rate, or combinations thereof.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first-order statistical parameter is a mean of said quality parameter.
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second-order statistical parameter is a variance of said quality parameter.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said data is transmitted at more than one frequency and said variance is a frequency variance.
15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said data is transmitted in a multi-carrier scheme and said variance is a frequency variance.
16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said variance is a temporal variance.
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said initial mode is selected from a set of modes related to said quality parameter.
18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said subsequent mode is selected to maximize, or nearly maximize, a communication parameter.
19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 18, wherein said communication parameter is selected from a group comprising bit error rate, packet error rate, data capacity, signal quality, spectral efficiency, or throughput, or combinations thereof.
20. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for communicating said subsequent mode to said transmit unit.
21. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said transmit unit and said receive unit are multiple input and multiple output units.
22. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for transmitting is capable of implementing a transmission technique selected from a group comprising OFDMA, FDMA, CDMA, or TDMA, or combinations thereof.
23. An apparatus for selecting a mode from a set of modes for encoding data for transmission in a wireless communication channel between a transmit unit and a receive unit, said method comprising:
means for transmitting said data encoded in an initial mode selected from said set of modes from said transmit unit to said receive unit;
means for sampling a short-term value of a quality parameter of said data received by said receive unit;
means for computing a statistical parameter of said short-term value of the quality parameter, said statistical parameter comprising a second-order statistical parameter;
means for selecting a subsequent mode from said set of modes for encoding said data based on said short-term statistical parameter;
means for sampling a long-term value of the quality parameter of said data received by said receive unit; and
means for adjusting said subsequent mode selection selected by said means for selecting based at least in part on said long-term value of the quality parameter.
24. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein said long-term value of the quality parameter is a long term value of an error rate selected from a group comprising bit error rate or packet error rate, or combinations thereof.
25. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23, further comprising means for setting a first sampling window during which said short-term value of the quality parameter is sampled and means for setting a second sampling window during which said long-term value of the quality parameter is sampled.
26. An apparatus as claimed in claim 25, wherein said long-term value of the quality parameter is a long term value of an error rate and is computed over an error rate computation time, and said second sampling window is set on the order of said error rate computation time.
27. An apparatus as claimed in claim 25, wherein said short-term value of the quality parameter is selected from a group comprising signal-to-interference and noise ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, or power level, or combinations thereof.
28. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein said set of modes is arranged in a lookup table and ordered by said short-term quality parameter.
29. An apparatus as claimed in claim 28, wherein said means for adjusting comprises means for modifying said lookup table based at least in part on said long-term value of the quality parameter. Description
The present patent application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 09/665,149, filed Sep. 19, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,760,882.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to wireless communication systems and methods, and more particularly to mode selection for encoding data for transmission in a wireless communication channel based on statistical parameters.
In both SISO and MIMO systems, however, the fundamental problem of efficient choice of the mode to be applied to the transmitted data remains. For general prior art on the subject the reader is referred to A. J. Goldsmith et al., �Variable-rate variable power MQAM for fading channels�, IEEE Transactions of Communications, Vol. 45, No. 10, October 1997, pp. 1218-1230; P. Schramm et al., �Radio Interface of EDGE, a proposal for enhanced data rates in existing digital cellular systems�, Proceedings IEEE 48th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC'1998), pp. 1064-1068; and Van Noblen et al., �An adaptive link protocol with enhanced data rates for GSM evolution�, IEEE Personal Communications, February 1999, pp. 54-63.
SUMMARY The present invention provides a method for selecting a mode for encoding data for transmission in a wireless communication channel between a transmit unit and a receive unit. The data is first encoded in accordance with an initial mode and transmitted from the transmit unit to the receive unit. One or more quality parameters are sampled in the data received by the receive unit. Then, a first-order statistical parameter and a second-order statistical parameter of the quality parameter are computed and used for selecting a subsequent mode for encoding the data.
The one or more quality parameters can also include a long-term quality parameter or several long-term quality parameters. The long-term quality parameter can be an error rate of the data, such as a bit error rate (BER) or a packet error rate (PER) at the receive unit. Again, it is convenient to set a second sampling time or window during which the long-term quality parameter is sampled. In one embodiment, the first-order statistical parameter is a mean of the long-term quality parameter and the length of the second sampling window is set on the order of the mean computation time. In another embodiment, the length of the second sampling window is set on the order of an error rate computation time.
The method of the invention can be used in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Multiple Input Single Output (MISO), Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) communication systems, e.g., receive and transmit units equipped with multiple antennas. Furthermore the method can be used in communication systems employing various transmission protocols including OFDMA, FDMA, CDMA, TDMA.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The method and systems of the invention will be best understood after first considering the simplified diagram of FIG. 1 illustrating a portion of a wireless communication system 10, e.g., a cellular wireless system in which the method of invention can be employed. For explanation purposes, downlink communication will be considered where a transmit unit 12 is a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and a receive unit 14 is a mobile or stationary wireless user device. Of course, the method can be used in uplink communication from receive unit 14 to BTS 12.
Exemplary user devices 14 include mobile receive units such as a portable telephone 14A, a car phone 14B and a stationary receive unit 14C. Receive unit 14C can be a wireless modem used at a residence or any other fixed wireless unit. Receive units 14A and 14C are equipped with multiple antennas or antenna arrays 20. These receive units can be used in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communications taking advantage of techniques such as spatial multiplexing or antenna diversity. Receive unit 14B has a single antenna 19 and can be used in Single Input Single Output (SISO) communications. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that receive units 14A, 14B, 14C, could be equipped in SISO, MISO (Multiple Input Single Output), SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output), or MIMO configurations. For example, in FIG. 1 receive unit 14B is shown having a single antenna therefore it can be employed in SISO or MISO configurations. MISO configuration can be realized in the case of 14B for example by receiving signals from the antenna array at BTS 12A or from distinct BTS such as 12B, or any combination thereof. With the addition of multiple receive antennas 14B, as 14A and 14C, could also be used in SIMO or MIMO configurations. In any of the configurations discussed above, the communications techniques can employ single-carrier or multi-carrier communications techniques.
Therefore, communication parameters of channel 22A such as data capacity, signal quality, spectral efficiency and throughput undergo temporal changes. The cumulative effects of these variations of channel 22A between BTS 12A and receive unit 14A are shown for illustrative purposes in FIG. 2. In particular, this graph shows the variation of a particular quality parameter, in this case signal strength of receive signal RS at receive unit 14A in dB as a function of transmission time t and frequency f of transmit signal TS sent from transmit unit 12A. Similar graphs can be obtained for other quality parameters, such as signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as any other quality parameters known in the art. Of the various quality parameters signal strength (power level), SINR and SNR are generally convenient to use because they can be easily and rapidly derived from receive signals RS as is known in the art.
Referring back to FIG. 3, a set of modes, conveniently in the form of lookup table indexed as described above, is stored in a database 78 of transmit unit 50. Database 78 is connected to a controller 66, which is also connected to transmit processing block 56 and spatial mapping unit 58. Controller 66 controls which mode from database 78 is applied to each of the k streams and spatial mapping to be performed by spatial mapping unit 58.
In addition to encoding the k streams, transmit processing block 56 adds training information into training tones T (see FIG. 5) and any other control information, as is known in the art. Thus processed, the k streams are sent to an up-conversion and RF amplification stage 70 having individual digital-to-analog converters and up-conversion/RF amplification blocks 74 through the spatial mapping unit 58. The spatial mapping unit 58 maps the k streams to M inputs of the up-conversion at RF amplification stage 70. The M outputs of amplification stage 70 lead to corresponding M transmit antennas 72 of an antenna array 76.
Transmit antennas 72 transmit data 52 in the form of transmit signals TS. FIG. 5 illustrates, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art, a multicarrier transmission scheme with n frequency carriers (tones). The vertical axis illustrates frequency carriers while the horizontal axis illustrates OFDM symbol periods. Each block corresponds to one of n frequency carriers during an OFDM symbol. The blocks marked with D correspond to data and the blocks marked with T correspond to training. FIG. 5 indicates that training is performed on all tones during an OFDM training symbol, it will be clear to a person skilled in the art that a subset of these tones could be used for training and the corresponding frequency response could be computed at the receiver by interpolating.
Again referring to FIG. 4, receive unit 90 has N receive antennas 91A, 91B, . . . , 91N for receiving receive signals RS from transmit unit 50. Receive unit 90 can be any suitable receiver capable of receiving receive signals RS via the N receive antennas 92. Exemplary receivers include linear equalizer receivers, decision feedback equalizer receivers, successive cancellation receivers, and maximum likelihood receivers
A window adjustment 108 such as a timing circuit is connected to statistics computation block 102. Window adjustment 108 sets a first time interval or first sampling window τ1 (see FIG. 5) during which the SINR is sampled. Conveniently, SINR is sampled during training tones T occurring during sampling window τ1. The present embodiment uses multiple carrier frequencies fc and thus the SINR is sampled and computed by block 102 for data 52 transmitted at each of the n carrier frequencies fc. By buffering the SINR values for all the training tones T during time window σ1 statistics computation block 102 constructs the following matrix:
[ SIN ⁢ ⁢ R 1 , 1 SIN ⁢ ⁢ R 1 , 2 ⋯ SIN ⁢ ⁢ R 1 , w SIN ⁢ ⁢ R 2 , 1 ⋯ ⋯ SIN ⁢ ⁢ R n , 1 SIN ⁢ ⁢ R n , w ] where SINRi,j is the SINR at the i-th carrier frequency fci during training phase j. There are thus 1 to n carrier frequencies fc and 1 to w training phases.
SIN ⁢ ⁢ R mean = 1 n � w ⁢ ∑ i = 1 n ⁢ ∑ j = 1 w ⁢ SIN ⁢ ⁢ R i , j . Second-order statistical parameters 106A, 106B of short-term quality parameter, in this case SINR frequency variance and SINR time variance can be expressed as:
SIN ⁢ ⁢ R var ⁡ ( freq ) = 1 n � w ⁢ ∑ i = 1 w ⁢ ∑ j = 1 n ⁢ [ SIN ⁢ ⁢ R j , i ⁢ 1 n ⁢ ∑ k = 1 n ⁢ SIN ⁢ ⁢ R k , i ] 2 , and SIN ⁢ ⁢ R var ⁡ ( time ) = 1 w ⁢ ∑ k = 1 w ⁢ [ 1 n ⁢ ∑ i = 1 n ⁢ SIN ⁢ ⁢ R i , k - ( SIN ⁢ ⁢ R mean ) ] 2 . In general, the duration of first sampling window τ1 takes into account general parameters of the communication system and/or channel 22. For example, channel 22 has a coherence time during which the condition of channel 22 is stable. Of course, the coherence time will vary depending on the motion of receive unit 90, as is known in the art. In one embodiment, window adjustment 108 sets first sampling window τ1 based on the coherence time. Specifically, first sampling window τ1 can be set on the order of or shorter than the coherence time. Thus, the first- and second-order statistical parameters 104, 106A, 106B computed during time window τ1 are minimally affected by loss of coherence. In another embodiment window adjustment 108 sets first sampling window τ1 to be much larger than the coherence time.
It should be noted that the first-order and second order statistics of the short term quality parameter in the present case mean and variance of SINR could be sampled and computed over different sampling windows.
In accordance with yet another alternative, SINR frequency variance 106A and SINR time variance 106B require a variance computation time. Variance computation time is chosen as the minimum amount of time required to obtain an accurate value of variances 106A, 106B. Window adjustment 108 therefore sets first sampling window τ1′ on the order of or equal to the variance computation time. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 shows τ1 and τ1′ to be equal.
In the present embodiment long-term quality parameter computed is the packet error rate (PER). As is well known in the art, the packet error rate can be computed by keeping track of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) failures on the received packets. PER computation is a well-known technique and is performed in this embodiment by a PER statistics circuit 110.
The PER computation can be used to further improve mode selection.
Block 112 selects the subsequent mode number for encoding data 52. Block 112 is connected to a feedback block 116 and a corresponding transmitter 118 for transmission of the feedback to transmit unit 50. Here the convenience of indexing modes becomes clear, since feedback of an index number to transmit unit 50 does not require much bandwidth. It should be noted, that in the present embodiment a mode selection is made for each of the k streams. In other words, a mode index indicating the mode to be used for each of the k streams is fed back to transmit unit 50. In another embodiment it may be appropriate to send a mode difference indicating how to modify the current mode for subsequent transmission. For example if the current transmission is mode 1, the and the mode index of the subsequent mode is 3, the mode difference would be 2. In yet another embodiment, it may be suitable to send the channel characteristics back to the transmitter. In this case the computation of statistics of the quality parameter, the mode selection are performed at the transmitter.
Lookup tables 2 and C illustrate a portion of database 114 arranged to conveniently determine the mode number of a subsequent mode to be used in encoding data 52 based on the frequency and temporal variances of SINR (second-order statistical parameters of short-term quality parameter) and mean SINR (first-order statistical parameter of short-term quality parameter). Table 2 is referenced to additional tables A, B, C and D (only table C shown) based on frequency and temporal variances 106A, 106B of SINR. For example, the third entry in Table 2 corresponds to table C where modes are ordered by mean SINR (first-order statistical parameter of short-term quality parameter). Thus, a subsequent mode to be applied in encoding data 52 can be easily obtained from database 114 by block 112 based on its mode number.
In fact, any combination of short-term and long-term quality parameters and their first- and second-order statistics can be used to thus appropriately select modes which should be used in transmitting data 52. The quality parameters can further be related to link quality parameters or communication parameters such as BER, PER, data capacity, signal quality, spectral efficiency or throughput and any other parameters to support requisite user services (e.g., voice communication). It should be noted, that BER and PER are both quality parameters and communication parameters. The subsequent mode selection can be made to optimize any of these communication parameters.
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