Source: https://russianpatents.com/patent/225/2256967.html
Timestamp: 2020-07-11 05:25:32
Document Index: 311207021

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 39', '§ 39', '§ 49', '§ 55', '§ 57', '§ 57', '§ 57']

Electrically active polymer and material built around it
H01L41/18 - for piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements
The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be widely used to create converters external physical impact into an electrical signal strain elements, pressure sensors, push-button switches of the switching elements electrical signals.
Known composition for piezoresistive material [AC USSR №1734124, IPC (5) N 01 In 1/06, bull. No. 18, 15.05.92]containing the polymer and the fine additive of the polymer contains predifferentiated, polyfluorinated or isoprene rubber, as fine additive powder of a piezoelectric material, and optionally an organic solvent in the following ratio, wt.%:
polymer 1 - 13-23;
powder of a piezoelectric material - 11-20;
organic solvent - rest.
The disadvantages of this material must be attributed to the presence in its composition of fine additive of a piezoelectric material, which leads to non-uniformity of the suspension, delamination, loss of powder residue, loss of film-forming properties.
Also known piezoresistive material and its production method [RF Patent №2006078, IPC (5) N 01 In 1/06, bull. No. 1, 15.01.94]containing the polymer and the additive, the polymer includes polystyrene, or polysulfone or poly(3,3' thalidomide-4,4' biphenylene) and as add and - tetrathiofulvalene, or nitrophenylglyoxylate, or phenolphthalein in the following ratio, wt.%:
the specified polymer - 45-80;
this additive - 20-55.
In a method of producing a piezo-resistive material, which is mixed polymer, additive and solvent with subsequent molding material by removal of solvent before curing, the polymer used polystyrene, or polysulfone or poly(3,3’-thalidomide-4,4’-biphenylene) and as an additive - tetrathiofulvalene, or nitrophenylglyoxylate, or phenolphthalein when the mass ratio of the components 45-80:20-55, respectively, and after removal of the solvent conduct heat treatment at 80 to 100°C for 40-60 minutes
The disadvantages of this material you must include the fact that the positive effect is achieved in a narrow range of thickness of polymer films less than 1.5 μm, which greatly limits the application of these materials. Studies have shown that when large thicknesses the sensitivity of the material decreases sharply to zero, and at a thickness of 2 μm, the conductivity of the material loses its sensitivity to external influences. Therefore, when the thickness of 1.5 microns, the material is not of practical interest in the claimed area. In addition, the multicomponent nature of the original composition, reduces energy is reproducible positive effect, because it can lead to stratification of the solution, the violation of homogeneity limits the shelf life and can lead to uncontrolled chemical reactions that impede the achievement of a positive effect.
Known polymeric material [Annechino, Aujero, Wmmmram, JETP Letters, 1990, t, No. 2, s-745], consisting of a polymer polydiphenylenphthalide obtained by dissolving the polymer in cyclohexanone and the subsequent formation of a film on a suitable substrate by centrifuging. The conductivity of this material has sensitivity to such external influences as uniaxial pressure [A.N. Lachinov., Garibov, A., Kornilov V.M. ZhETF, 1992, 102, 1(7), s], temperature [Ponomarev A.F., Krasil'nikov V.A., Vasiliev M., A.N. Lachinov. Technical physics letters, 2003, vol 73, issue 11, p.137-140], the change of boundary conditions on the boundary surface of the metal-polymer [Wmmmram, Annechino, JETP Letters, 1995, CH, No. 11, s-906].
The disadvantages of this material must include a small range of thickness of the film made from it, have a positive effect. Research showed that this polymeric material has the highest sensitivity when the film thickness in the range of 0.3 to 1 μm, as specified in [Wmmmram, Annechino, JETP Letters, 1995, CH, No. 11, s-906; A.Zherebov, A.Lachinov, V.Kornilov, Synthetic Metals, 84 (199), 917-920] the limits of thickness up to 10 μm are relevant to the parameters used in the work samples, but not to their electrophysical characteristics. At thicknesses above 1 µm sensitivity of the conductivity of the material to external influences decreases sharply and at a thickness of 2 μm is practically disappears. When this material becomes a traditional dielectric from the point of view of its electrical properties and high electrical conductivity to achieve with small external influences is impossible. In this regard, the practical use of this material is only possible if there is any supporting surface on which the film is fixed in the process of molding, making a significant limitation on the use of the technological advantages provided by a film material.
The task and the technical result of the claimed invention is the creation of an electroactive polymer material having high sensitivity conductivity to external influences, such as pressure, etc. in a wide range of film thickness of the polymer material, as well as high reproducibility of useful properties. To solve this problem is proposed creation of electroactive polymer material on the basis of suitable electroactive polymers.
The specified task and the technical the RCM results are achieved electroactive polymer, electroactivity which depends on the external physical fields containing electroactive molecular fragments with high polarizability and/or bistable electronic energy structure in relation to the process of capturing excess of electrons, while the electroactive molecular fragments are in the main polymer chain or in side branches of the main polymer chain and are connected through the respective intermediate elements of the molecular chain.
The specified task and the technical result is achieved because of the electroactive polymer contains as electroactive molecular fragment of the main polymer chain calidou group, and as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements aromatic polymers containing heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur).
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements aromatic polyesters (polyarylates).
And the fact that the electroactive polymer has the following structure:
And the fact that the electroactive polymer contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements aromatic polyethers.
And the fact that the electroactive polymer contains elements of polyaryleneethersulphones.
And the fact that it contains elements of polyaryletherketones.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements polyaryletherketones. And the fact that the electroactive polymer has the following structure:
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements poliatilenaksida. And the fact that the electroactive polymer has the following structure is dependent on:
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements polyamideimides.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements of the cured epoxy oligomer or digiridoo ether.
And the fact that the electroactive polymer has the following structure digiridoo broadcast:
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements of the cured phenol-formaldehyde oligomer.
And the fact that the electroactive polymer has the following structure phenol-formaldehyde oligomer: phenol-formaldehyde oligomer rezol type on the basis of phenolphthalein.
And the fact that it contains as electroactive molecular fragment, located in the containing heteroatoms lateral branches of the main polymer chain, 3,3-dareltaviou group.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic polymers.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aliphatic polymers.
where X=N, CH3CN.
And the fact that the content of electroactive fragments in the polymer chain is governed by the composition of the copolymers, and thereby the length of the intermediate elements in the polymer chain, connecting the electroactive fragments.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements aromatic complex sobolifera.
where p/q is from 0.5/0.5 to 0.9/0.1 to.
where p/q is from 0.5/0.5 to 0,95/0,5.
where (a+c)/(b+d) from 0.5/0.5 to 0.95/0.05 is taken.
(a+b)/(c+d) from 0.5/0.5 to 0.85/0.15 in.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements aromatic simple sobolifera.
And the fact that it contains elements of sopoliarilenefirketonov.
where p/q is from 0.5/0.5 to 0.95/0.05 is taken.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements sopoliarilenefirketonov.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements of the cured phenol cooligomers.
And the fact that the electroactive polymer has the following structure phenol cooligomers: phenol formaldehyde cooligomers rezol type on the basis of a mixture of phenol phenolphthalein or fluorescein when a weight ratio of from 40/60 to 95/5.
And the fact that the content of electroactive fragments in the polymer chain is governed by the composition of the copolymers, and thereby the length of the intermediate elements in the polymer chain, connecting the electrically active fragments, which are located in the lateral branches.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic copolymers.
And the fact that it contains quality is TBE electroactive molecular fragment of the main polymer chain fragment 2,5-dibenzoyltartaric acid or 2,4-dibenzoyltartaric acid as normal and cyclic isomer form.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
where R is, for example, diphenyl, terphenyl, fluorene, anthracene, benzo (a) pyrene, pyrene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophen.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic polyesters.
And the fact that the electroactive polymer has the following structure, which is characterized by normal isomeric form of ether. Normal isomeric form ether
And the fact that the electroactive polymer has the following structure, which is characterized by the cyclic isomer form of the ether.
“Cyclic” isomeric form of ether - pseudoephed
And the fact that it contains both the elements of “normal” and “cyclic” isomeric forms of the ester with the following structure:
where p/q is from 0.95/0.05 to 0.05/0.95 to.
And the fact that it contains as electroactive molecular fragment, located in the lateral branches of the main polymer chain, a fragment of the o-benzoylbenzoate acid or its ester in both normal and isomeric cyclic form.
where Z=WITH, SO2.
where Z=WITH, SO2; R=alkyl.
And the fact that the content of electroactive fragments in the main polymer chain is governed by the composition of the copolymers, and thereby the length of the intermediate elements in the polymer chain, connecting the electrically active fragments, which are located in the lateral branches.
where Z=WITH, SO2; p/q from 0.5/0.5 to 0.9/0.1 to.
where Z=WITH, SO2; p/q from 0.5/0.5 to 0.9/0,1; R=alkyl.
And the fact that it contains as electroactive molecular fragment of the main polymer chain sulfophthalic group.
And the fact that it contains as electroactive molecular fragment of the main polymer chain prelimininary group.
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements of polynuclear hydrocarbons.
Y=H, CH3, Cl,
And the fact that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic polyethers.
And the fact that the material on the basis of these polymers in the form of films or fibers, or coatings, or bodies of rotation, and at least one of the geometric dimensions that define its shape, does not exceed twice the penetration depth of the surface charge.
To obtain a polymeric material electroactive polymer is transferred into the liquid state of aggregation, for example dissolved in a suitable solvent or heated, the solution/liquid cast in the desired shape, and removing the solvent/utverjdayut, subjecting the solution/liquid necessary physico-chemical effect.
The physical mechanism of implementation of the invention is the following. It is well known [Gnerdel. The Electrophysics. TRANS. with it. M.: Mir, 972, s]that to obtain high conductivity it is necessary to have the material, the electronic energy structure which can effectively move a charge in an electric field. In addition, it is necessary that this material, the carrier concentration was high enough to provide the desired current density.
Known electrically conductive polymers [Simon, J.-Gandre, Molecular semiconductors. Transl. from English. - M.: Mir, 1988. - 344 S.], electron energy structure defined by the chemical structure of macromolecules, and high conductivity is provided by introducing into the polymer material of low molecular weight substances dopants that increases the concentration of free charge carriers. Typically, these polymeric materials have a relatively small width of the forbidden zone is less than 2 eV.
Known alternative mechanism for the formation of levels of charge transfer in sirosonic organic materials, which may be polymers, by creating in them a deep electronic States [MPOP, Chestenberg. Electronic processes in organic crystals: TRANS. from English. - M.: Mir, 1985. - 464 C.]. This mechanism involves the introduction of material excess electron, accession (capture) of the electron fragment of the molecule, the so-called molecular trap, due to the ene the GII electron affinity. This process is accompanied by changing the position of the energy levels of the electron subsystem of the molecules due to the strong polarizability of the organic environment so that the new position of the electronic levels will be close to mid-gap of forbidden energies.
To implement this mechanism requires macromolecules, composed of a group of atoms having a large polarizability, and (or) electronic structure which has the property of bistability. The latter implies that the group of atoms can have two geometric conformations separated by a relatively small potential barrier, the transition between which may be reversible by capturing excess electron or emission. These properties have, for example, some phthalidecontainig connection, in particular the phenolphthalein [Indicators, edited Abishop, Per. s angl. M.: Mir, 1976, I so, s]. Electronic properties of this compound are explained by the presence of two passing each other quinoid ring systems and two negative charges, i.e. polar properties of the molecule [R. Ramart-Lucas, Compt.Rend., 208, 1312 (193 9)]. Experimental [Fabish T.J., Saltsburg H.M., Hair M.L. Charge transfer in metal/atactic polystyrene contacts// Journal of Applied Physics. - 1976 - V.47, No. 3 P.930-939] and theoretical [C.B. Duke and Fabish T.J. Charge-Induced Relaxation in Polymers. - Physical Review Letters. - 1976. - V.37. No. 16. - R-1078] and the sequence showed when capture of the excess electron, for example, injected into the polymer from the metal electrode, in the band gap of the polymer, there is additional energy levels of the electronic States. The density of electronic States can create high enough, this happened to the overlap of their wave functions. From the literature it is known [Nmol, Electrons in disordered systems: Per. s angl. M: Peace. - 1969. - 240 S.]that the overlap of the wave functions of the individual electronic States can occur under the condition that the distance between them is less than In this case, you may narrow the area of coherent charge transfer, and the material of the dielectric state go into metal. From the above criterion, the maximum distance there is a consequence - there must be a minimum concentration of active groups of atoms in a macromolecule that provides this distance is less than a positive transition into the metallic state is not achieved. Studies have shown that this concentration is for different connections from 2% to 5%.
As methods of creating excess charge in the polymer material containing a group of atoms with high polarizabilty/or bistable electronic structure can be, for example, injection of charges from the electrodes, the irradiation flux of charged particles, the ionization of intrinsic and impurity traps charge, the change in the density of surface and space charge due to the interaction of the polymer dielectric with the phase boundaries of different nature, for example, metal-polymer, polymer-polymer, liquid polymer, poluprovodnik-polymer, etc.
Thus, the polymeric material having a suitable chemical molecular structure, primarily having a wide forbidden zone and which since the dielectric, it is possible to create conditions for the reversible change of the electrical conductivity using the external physical fields, not using the known method of chemical doping.
Example 1. To obtain a polymeric material, 0.5 g complex aromatic polyester (polyarylate) on the basis of phenolphthalein and terephthalic acid (see No. 1 in table. 1) was dissolved in 5 ml of cyclohexanone to obtain a homogeneous solution, the resulting solution was applied on a flat optically polished surface of the substrate so that it was completely covered with solution. The substrate was fixed on the axis of ultracentrifuge, which was set in motion. The speed of rotation axis centrifuge was 2500 rpm After centrifugation was performed procedure additional drying at 150° C for 30 min to remove residual solvent from the polymeric material. The choice of such a regime was determined by the individual material properties of this polymer and based on the data analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, which showed that with decreasing temperature cannot completely remove the remaining solvent even at the expense of increasing the drying time, and the duration of the procedure is determined by the fact that its growth does not reduce the concentration of residual solvent. With increasing temperature and increasing the drying time is stopped the weight loss of the polymer film due to the removal of the solvent and does not improve the physico-chemical parameters of the material, and therefore seems inappropriate. Test results
The results of the specific implementation of the electroactive material and tests are placed in table 1. As the parameter that determines the sensitivity of the polymeric material to an external impact, the selected sensitivity of the conductivity of the material to uniaxial pressure (α), because this parameter was previously used in patent sources and scientific literature. For an objective assessment of the results obtained in the calculation of the sensitivity of the coefficient (β). This ratio corresponds to the maximum is Noah the film thickness, above which the positive effect is not achieved. Thus, the parameter sensitivity of the conductivity of the material to the uniaxial pressure was determined by the following formula:
α=βlg(R1/Ro),
where Ro- resistance to an electric current film of polymeric material in the absence of pressure, R1- resistance to an electric current film of polymeric material in the presence of pressure, β - dimensionless coefficient, determined from experiment, is numerically equal to the maximum film thickness above which the positive effect is not observed.
1. Electroactive polymer electroactivity which depends on the external physical fields containing electroactive molecular fragments with high polarizability and/or bistable electronic energy structure in relation to the process of capturing excess of electrons, while the electroactive molecular fragments are in the main polymer chain or in side branches of the main polymer chain and are connected through the respective intermediate elements of the molecular chain.
2. Electroactive polymer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains the inhabitants as electroactive molecular fragment of the main polymer chain calidou group, and as intermediate elements in the polymer chain elements aromatic polymers containing heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur.
3. Electroactive polymer according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements aromatic polyesters - polyarylate.
4. Electroactive polymer according to claim 3, characterized by the following structure:
5. Electroactive polymer according to claim 3, characterized by the following structure:
6. Electroactive polymer according to claim 3, characterized by the following structure:
7. Electroactive polymer according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements aromatic polyethers.
8. Electroactive polymer according to claim 7, characterized in that it contains elements of polyaryleneethersulphones.
9. Electroactive polymer according to claim 8, characterized by the following structure:
10. Electroactive polymer according to claim 8, characterized by the following structure:
11. Electroactive polymer according to claim 8, characterized by the following structure:
12. Electroactive polymer is about 8, characterized by the following structure:
13. Electroactive polymer according to claim 7, characterized in that it contains elements of polyaryletherketones.
14. Electroactive polymer according to item 13, characterized by the following structure:
15. Electroactive polymer according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements polyaryletherketones.
16. Electroactive polymer according to item 15, characterized by the following structure:
17. Electroactive polymer according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements poliatilenaksida.
18. Electroactive polymer according to 17, characterized by the following structure:
19. Electroactive polymer according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements polyamideimides.
20. Electroactive polymer according to claim 19, characterized by the following structure:
21. Electroactive polymer according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements of the cured epoxy oligomer or digiridoo ether.
2. Electroactive polymer according to claim 2, characterized by the following structure digiridoo broadcast:
23. Electroactive polymer according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements of the cured phenol-formaldehyde oligomer.
24. Electroactive polymer according to item 23, characterized by the following structure of phenol-formaldehyde oligomer: phenol-formaldehyde oligomer rezol type on the basis of phenolphthalein.
25. Electroactive polymer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as electroactive molecular fragment, located in the containing heteroatoms lateral branches of the main polymer chain, 3,3-dareltaviou group.
26. Electroactive polymer according A.25, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic polymers.
27. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
28. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
29. Electroactive polymer according A.25, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aliphatic polymers.
30. E is treachury polymer according to clause 29, characterized by the following structure:
31. Electroactive polymer according to claim 2, characterized in that the content of “electroactive” fragments in the polymer chain is governed by the composition of the copolymers, and thereby the length of the intermediate elements in the polymer chain, connecting the electroactive fragments.
32. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements aromatic complex sobolifera.
33. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
34. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
35. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
36. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
37. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
38. Electrical wiring in aktywny polymer on p, characterized by the following structure:
where (a+c)/(b+d) from 0.5/0.5 to 0,95/0,05; (a+b)/(c+d) from 0.5/0.5 to 0.85/0.15 in.
39. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements aromatic simple sobolifera.
40. Electroactive polymer according to § 39, characterized in that it contains elements of sopoliarilenefirketonov.
41. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
42. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
43. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
44. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
45. Electroactive polymer according to § 39, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements sopoliarilenefirketonov.
46. Electroactive polymer according to item 45, characterized by the following structure:
where p/q is from 0.5/0.5 to 0.9/0.1 to
47. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the polymer chain elements of the cured phenol cooligomers.
48. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure phenol cooligomers: phenol formaldehyde cooligomers rezol type on the basis of a mixture of phenol phenolphthalein or fluorescein when a weight ratio of from 40/60 to 95/5.
49. Electroactive polymer according A.25, characterized in that the content of electroactive fragments in the polymer chain is governed by the composition of the copolymers, and thereby the length of the intermediate elements in the polymer chain, connecting the electrically active fragments, which are located in the lateral branches.
50. Electroactive polymer according to § 49, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic copolymers.
51. Electroactive polymer according to item 50, characterized by the following structure:
52. Electroactive polymer according to item 50, characterized by the following structure:
53. Electroactive polymer according to item 50, characterized by the following structure:
54. Electroactive polymer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as electroactive molecular fragment of the main polymer chain fragment 2,5-dibenzoyltartaric acid or 2,4-dibenzoyltartaric acid in both normal and isomeric cyclic form.
55. Electroactive polymer according to item 54, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
56. Electroactive polymer according to § 55, characterized by the following structure:
57. Electroactive polymer according to item 54, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic polyesters.
58. Electroactive polymer according to § 57, characterized by the following structure, which is characterized by normal isomeric form of ether. normal isomeric form ether
59. Electroactive polymer according to § 57, characterized following article is octoroi, characterized by cyclic isomer form of ether. cyclic isomer form of ether - pseudoephed
60. Electroactive polymer according to § 57, characterized in that it contains both the elements of normal and isomeric cyclic forms of the ester with the following structure:
61. Electroactive polymer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as electroactive molecular fragment, located in the lateral branches of the main polymer chain, a fragment of the o-benzoylbenzoate acid or its ester in both normal and isomeric cyclic form.
62. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic polymers.
63. Electroactive polymer according to item 62, characterized by the following structure:
where Z=CO, SO2.
64. Electroactive polymer according to item 62, characterized by the following structure:
where Z=CO, SO2; R=alkyl.
65. Electroactive polymer according to item 62, characterized by the following structure:/p>
66. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized in that the content of electroactive fragments in the main polymer chain is governed by the composition of the copolymers, and thereby the length of the intermediate elements in the polymer chain, connecting the electrically active fragments, which are located in the lateral branches.
67. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic copolymers.
68. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
where Z=CO, SO2; p/q from 0.5/0.5 to 0.9/0.1 to.
69. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
where Z=CO, SO2; p/q from 0.5/0.5 to 0.9/0,1; R=alkyl.
70. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
71. Electroactive polymer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as electroactive molecular fragment of the main polymer chain sulfophthalic group.
72. Electroactive polymer according p notable Thu whom he contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
73. Electroactive polymer according to item 72, characterized by the following structure:
74. Electroactive polymer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as electroactive molecular fragment of the main polymer chain prelimininary group.
75. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements of polynuclear hydrocarbons.
76. Electroactive polymer according to item 75, characterized by the following structure:
77. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic polyesters.
78. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized by the following structure:
79. Electroactive polymer according p, characterized in that it contains as an intermediate elements of the main polymer chain elements aromatic polyethers.
80. Electroactive polymer p is p, characterized by the following structure:
81. Material based on electroactive polymers according to claim 1, made in the form of films or fibers, or coatings, or bodies of rotation, and at least one of the geometric dimensions that define its shape, does not exceed twice the penetration depth of the surface charge.
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