Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title6-chapter3&saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGU2LXNlY3Rpb245NDE%3D%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2019-10-17 05:11:46
Document Index: 792498365

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2', '§109', '§1805', '§1', '§911', '§821', '§113', '§912', '§114', '§913', '§115', '§921', '§121', '§1816', '§1816', '§1816', '§1816', '§921', '§1104', '§922', '§1816', '§122', '§923', '§123', '§924', '§125', 'art 1572', '§925', '§126', '§926', '§128', '§201', '§1804', '§1804', '§942', 'art 104', '§202', '§943', '§203', '§204', '§1701', '§205', '§1812', '§825', '§320', '§211', '§212', '§213', '§214', '§215', '§216', '§217', '§218', '§219', '§220', '§221', '§222', '§223', '§981', '§231', '§558', '§982', '§232', '§1701', '§101', '§1979', '§983', '§233', '§1816', '§984', '§1816', '§235', '§985', '§236', '§1001', '§301', '§1002', '§302', '§1003', '§303']

[USC02] 6 USC Ch. 3: SECURITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR EVERY PORT
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6 USC Ch. 3: SECURITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR EVERY PORT
SUBCHAPTER I—SECURITY OF UNITED STATES SEAPORTS
Part A—Port Security Grants; Training and Exercise Programs
Port Security Exercise Program.
Facility exercise requirements.
Part B—Port Operations
Domestic radiation detection and imaging.
Integration of detection equipment and technologies.
Random searches of containers.
Threat assessment screening of port truck drivers.
Border Patrol unit for United States Virgin Islands.
Center of Excellence for Maritime Domain Awareness.
SUBCHAPTER II—SECURITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN
Strategic plan to enhance the security of the international supply chain.
Post-incident resumption of trade.
Automated Targeting System.
Container security standards and procedures.
Tier 1 participants in C–TPAT.
Tier 2 participants in C–TPAT.
Tier 3 participants in C–TPAT.
Consequences for lack of compliance.
Third party validations.
Noncontainerized cargo.
C–TPAT program management.
Pilot integrated scanning system.
981a.
Screening and scanning of cargo containers.
Inspection technology and training.
Information sharing relating to supply chain security cooperation.
Designation of liaison office of Department of State.
Research, development, test, and evaluation efforts in furtherance of maritime and cargo security.
Except as otherwise provided, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means—
(E) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives;
(F) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives;
(G) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives;
(H) the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives; and
(I) other congressional committees, as appropriate.
The term "Commercial Operations Advisory Committee" means the Advisory Committee established pursuant to section 9503(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (19 U.S.C. 2071 note) 1 or any successor committee.
The term "commercial seaport personnel" includes any person engaged in an activity relating to the loading or unloading of cargo or passengers, the movement or tracking of cargo, the maintenance and repair of intermodal equipment, the operation of cargo-related equipment (whether or not integral to the vessel), and the handling of mooring lines on the dock when a vessel is made fast or let go in the United States.
The term "Commissioner" means the Commissioner responsible for the United States Customs and Border Protection of the Department of Homeland Security.
The term "container" has the meaning given the term in the International Convention for Safe Containers, with annexes, done at Geneva, December 2, 1972 (29 UST 3707).
The term "container security device" means a device, or system, designed, at a minimum, to identify positively a container, to detect and record the unauthorized intrusion of a container, and to secure a container against tampering throughout the supply chain. Such a device, or system, shall have a low false alarm rate as determined by the Secretary.
The term "examination" means an inspection of cargo to detect the presence of misdeclared, restricted, or prohibited items that utilizes nonintrusive imaging and detection technology.
The term "inspection" means the comprehensive process used by the United States Customs and Border Protection to assess goods entering the United States to appraise them for duty purposes, to detect the presence of restricted or prohibited items, and to ensure compliance with all applicable laws. The process may include screening, conducting an examination, or conducting a search.
The term "international supply chain" means the end-to-end process for shipping goods to or from the United States beginning at the point of origin (including manufacturer, supplier, or vendor) through a point of distribution to the destination.
The term "scan" means utilizing nonintrusive imaging equipment, radiation detection equipment, or both, to capture data, including images of a container.
The term "screening" means a visual or automated review of information about goods, including manifest or entry documentation accompanying a shipment being imported into the United States, to determine the presence of misdeclared, restricted, or prohibited items and assess the level of threat posed by such cargo.
The term "search" means an intrusive examination in which a container is opened and its contents are devanned and visually inspected for the presence of misdeclared, restricted, or prohibited items.
The term "transportation disruption" means any significant delay, interruption, or stoppage in the flow of trade caused by a natural disaster, heightened threat level, an act of terrorism, or any transportation security incident (as defined in section 70101(6) 1 of title 46).
The term "transportation security incident" has the meaning given the term in section 70101(6) 1 of title 46.
(Pub. L. 109–347, §2, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1886.)
Section 9503(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, referred to in par. (2), is section 9503(c) of title IX of Pub. L. 100–203, which was set out as a note under section 2071 of Title 19, Customs Duties, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–125, title I, §109(g)(1), Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 137. For establishment of successor committee, see section 4316(a) of Title 19.
Section 70101(6) of title 46, referred to in pars. (16) and (17), was redesignated section 70101(7) of title 46 by Pub. L. 115–254, div. J, §1805(b)(1), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3534.
Pub. L. 109–347, §1(a), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1884, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Security and Accountability For Every Port Act of 2006' or the 'SAFE Port Act'."
§911. Repealed. Pub. L. 111–281, title VIII, §821(b), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3003
Section, Pub. L. 109–347, title I, §113, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1895, established the Port Security Training Program and its requirements.
§912. Port Security Exercise Program
The Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary for Preparedness and in coordination with the Commandant of the Coast Guard, shall establish a Port Security Exercise Program (referred to in this section as the "Exercise Program") for the purpose of testing and evaluating the capabilities of Federal, State, local, and foreign governments, commercial seaport personnel and management, governmental and nongovernmental emergency response providers, the private sector, or any other organization or entity, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, to prevent, prepare for, mitigate against, respond to, and recover from acts of terrorism, natural disasters, and other emergencies at facilities required to submit a plan under section 70103(c) of title 46.
The Secretary shall ensure that the Exercise Program—
(A) scaled and tailored to the needs of each facility;
(B) live, in the case of the most at-risk facilities;
(C) as realistic as practicable and based on current risk assessments, including credible threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences;
(D) consistent with the National Incident Management System, the National Response Plan, the National Infrastructure Protection Plan, the National Preparedness Guidance, the National Preparedness Goal, the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan, and other such national initiatives;
(E) evaluated against clear and consistent performance measures;
(F) assessed to learn best practices, which shall be shared with appropriate Federal, State, and local officials, commercial seaport personnel and management, governmental and nongovernmental emergency response providers, and the private sector; and
(G) followed by remedial action in response to lessons learned; and
(A) conform to the requirements of paragraph (1); and
(B) are consistent with any applicable Area Maritime Transportation Security Plan and State or Urban Area Homeland Security Plan.
(c) Improvement plan
The Secretary shall establish a port security exercise improvement plan process to—
(1) identify and analyze each port security exercise for lessons learned and best practices;
(2) disseminate lessons learned and best practices to participants in the Exercise Program;
(3) monitor the implementation of lessons learned and best practices by participants in the Exercise Program; and
(Pub. L. 109–347, title I, §114, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1896.)
§913. Facility exercise requirements
The Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall require each high risk facility to conduct live or full-scale exercises described in section 105.220(c) of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations, not less frequently than once every 2 years, in accordance with the facility security plan required under section 70103(c) of title 46.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title I, §115, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1897.)
§921. Domestic radiation detection and imaging
The Secretary shall develop a strategy for the deployment of radiation detection capabilities that includes—
(1) a risk-based prioritization of ports of entry at which radiation detection equipment will be deployed;
(2) a proposed timeline of when radiation detection equipment will be deployed at each port of entry identified under paragraph (1);
(3) the type of equipment to be used at each port of entry identified under paragraph (1), including the joint deployment and utilization of radiation detection equipment and nonintrusive imaging equipment;
(4) standard operating procedures for examining containers with such equipment, including sensor alarming, networking, and communications and response protocols;
(5) operator training plans;
(6) an evaluation of the environmental health and safety impacts of nonintrusive imaging technology and a radiation risk reduction plan, in consultation with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, that seeks to minimize radiation exposure of workers and the public to levels as low as reasonably achievable;
(7) the policy of the Department for using nonintrusive imaging equipment in tandem with radiation detection equipment; and
(A) details plans for covert testing; and
(B) outlines the risk-based prioritization of ports of entry identified under paragraph (1).
The Secretary, acting through the Director for Domestic Nuclear Detection 1 and in collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall publish technical capability standards and recommended standard operating procedures for the use of nonintrusive imaging and radiation detection equipment in the United States. Such standards and procedures—
(1) should take into account relevant standards and procedures utilized by other Federal departments or agencies as well as those developed by international bodies; and
(2) shall not be designed so as to endorse specific companies or create sovereignty conflicts with participating countries.
(e) Expansion to other United States ports of entry
(A) implementation of the program for the examination of containers for radiation at ports of entry described in subsection (a); and
(B) submission of the strategy developed under subsection (b),
(f) Intermodal Rail Radiation Detection Test Center
In accordance with subsection (b), and in order to comply with this section, the Secretary shall establish an Intermodal Rail Radiation Detection Test Center (referred to in this subsection as the "Test Center").
(Pub. L. 109–347, title I, §121, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1898; Pub. L. 115–254, div. J, §1816(b), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3541.)
2018—Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 115–254, §1816(b)(1), (2), redesignated subsecs. (f) to (h) as (c) to (e), respectively, and struck out former subsecs. (c) to (e). Prior to amendment, subsecs. (c) to (e) read as follows:
"(c) Report.—Not later than 90 days after October 13, 2006, the Secretary shall submit the strategy developed under subsection (b) to the appropriate congressional committees.
"(d) Update.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the submission of the report under subsection (c), the Secretary shall provide a more complete evaluation under subsection (b)(6).
"(e) Other weapons of mass destruction threats.—Not later than 180 days after October 13, 2006, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the feasibility of, and a strategy for, the development of equipment to detect and prevent shielded nuclear and radiological threat material and chemical, biological, and other weapons of mass destruction from entering the United States."
Subsec. (e)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–254, §1816(b)(3), struck out "(and updating, if any, of that strategy under subsection (c))" after "under subsection (b)".
Subsecs. (f) to (i). Pub. L. 115–254, §1816(b)(2), redesignated subsecs. (f) to (i) as (c) to (f), respectively.
Reference to the Director for Domestic Nuclear Detection deemed to be a reference to the Assistant Secretary for the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office, see section 2(b)(1)(B) of Pub. L. 115–387, set out as a note under section 591 of this title.
§921a. Integration of detection equipment and technologies
(a) Responsibility of Secretary
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall have responsibility for ensuring that domestic chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear detection equipment and technologies are integrated, as appropriate, with other border security systems and detection technologies.
Not later than 6 months after August 3, 2007, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress that contains a plan to develop a departmental technology assessment process to determine and certify the technology readiness levels of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear detection technologies before the full deployment of such technologies within the United States.
(Pub. L. 110–53, title XI, §1104, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 380.)
§922. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–254, div. J, §1816(c), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3541
Section, Pub. L. 109–347, title I, §122, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1899, related to inspection of car ferries entering from abroad.
§923. Random searches of containers
Not later than 1 year after October 13, 2006, the Secretary, acting through the Commissioner, shall develop and implement a plan, utilizing best practices for empirical scientific research design and random sampling, to conduct random searches of containers in addition to any targeted or preshipment inspection of such containers required by law or regulation or conducted under any other program conducted by the Secretary. Nothing in this section shall be construed to mean that implementation of the random sampling plan precludes additional searches of containers not inspected pursuant to the plan.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title I, §123, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1899.)
§924. Threat assessment screening of port truck drivers
Not later than 90 days after October 13, 2006, the Secretary shall implement a threat assessment screening, including name-based checks against terrorist watch lists and immigration status check, for all port truck drivers with access to secure areas of a port who have a commercial driver's license but do not have a current and valid hazardous materials endorsement issued in accordance with section 1572 1 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, that is the same as the threat assessment screening required for facility employees and longshoremen by the Commandant of the Coast Guard under Coast Guard Notice USCG–2006–24189 (Federal Register, Vol. 71, No. 82, Friday, April 28, 2006).
(Pub. L. 109–347, title I, §125, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1900.)
1 So in original. Probably should be "part 1572".
§925. Border Patrol unit for United States Virgin Islands
The Secretary may establish at least 1 Border Patrol unit for the United States Virgin Islands.
Not later than 180 days after October 13, 2006, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes the schedule, if any, for carrying out subsection (a).
(Pub. L. 109–347, title I, §126, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1900.)
§926. Center of Excellence for Maritime Domain Awareness
The Secretary shall establish a university-based Center for Excellence for Maritime Domain Awareness following the merit-review processes and procedures that have been established by the Secretary for selecting university program centers of excellence.
The Center established under subsection (a) shall—
(1) prioritize its activities based on the "National Plan To Improve Maritime Domain Awareness" published by the Department in October 2005;
(2) recognize the extensive previous and ongoing work and existing competence in the field of maritime domain awareness at numerous academic and research institutions, such as the Naval Postgraduate School;
(3) leverage existing knowledge and continue development of a broad base of expertise within academia and industry in maritime domain awareness; and
(4) provide educational, technical, and analytical assistance to Federal agencies with responsibilities for maritime domain awareness, including the Coast Guard, to focus on the need for interoperability, information sharing, and common information technology standards and architecture.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title I, §128, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1900.)
The strategic plan required under subsection (a) shall—
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §201, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1901; Pub. L. 115–254, div. J, §1804, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3533.)
2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–254, §1804(1), substituted "triennially" for "as appropriate".
§942. Post-incident resumption of trade
The Secretary shall develop and update, as necessary, protocols for the resumption of trade in accordance with section 941(b)(10) of this title in the event of a transportation disruption or a transportation security incident. The protocols shall include—
(1) the identification of the appropriate initial incident commander, if the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not the appropriate person, and lead departments, agencies, or offices to execute such protocols;
(2) a plan to redeploy resources and personnel, as necessary, to reestablish the flow of trade;
(3) a plan to provide training for the periodic instruction of personnel of the United States Customs and Border Protection, the Coast Guard, and the Transportation Security Administration in trade resumption functions and responsibilities; and
(4) appropriate factors for establishing prioritization of vessels and cargo determined by the President to be critical for response and recovery, including factors relating to public health, national security, and economic need.
In determining the prioritization of vessels accessing facilities (as defined under section 70101 of title 46), the Commandant of the Coast Guard may, to the extent practicable and consistent with the protocols and plans required under this section to ensure the safe and secure transit of vessels to ports in the United States after a transportation security incident, give priority to a vessel—
(1) that has an approved security plan under section 70103(c) of title 46 or a valid international ship security certificate, as provided under part 104 of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations;
(2) that is manned by individuals who are described in section 70105(b)(2)(B) of title 46; and
(3) that is operated by validated participants in the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism program.
In determining the prioritization of the resumption of the flow of cargo and consistent with the protocols established under this section, the Commissioner may give preference to cargo—
(1) entering a port of entry directly from a foreign seaport designated under the Container Security Initiative;
(2) from the supply chain of a validated C–TPAT participant and other private sector entities, as appropriate; or
(A) a nuclear or radiological detection scan;
(B) an x-ray, density, or other imaging scan; and
(C) a system to positively identify the container at the last port of departure prior to arrival in the United States, which data has been evaluated and analyzed by personnel of the United States Customs and Border Protection.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §202, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1903.)
§943. Automated Targeting System
(1) identify and seek the submission of data related to the movement of a shipment of cargo through the international supply chain; and
(2) analyze the data described in paragraph (1) to identify high-risk cargo for inspection.
The Secretary, acting through the Commissioner, shall require the electronic transmission to the Department of additional data elements for improved high-risk targeting, including appropriate security elements of entry data, as determined by the Secretary, to be provided as advanced information with respect to cargo destined for importation into the United States prior to loading of such cargo on vessels at foreign seaports.
(1) consider the cost, benefit, and feasibility of—
(A) requiring additional nonmanifest documentation;
(B) reducing the time period allowed by law for revisions to a container cargo manifest;
(C) reducing the time period allowed by law for submission of certain elements of entry data, for vessel or cargo; and
(D) such other actions the Secretary considers beneficial for improving the information relied upon for the Automated Targeting System and any successor targeting system in furthering the security and integrity of the international supply chain; and
(2) consult with stakeholders, including the Commercial Operations Advisory Committee, and identify to them the need for such information, and the appropriate timing of its submission.
The Secretary shall promulgate regulations to carry out this section. In promulgating such regulations, the Secretary shall adhere to the parameters applicable to the development of regulations under section 343(a) of the Trade Act of 2002 (19 U.S.C. 2071 note),1 including provisions relating to consultation, technology, analysis, use of information, confidentiality, and timing requirements.
(e) System improvements
(1) conduct, through an independent panel, a review of the effectiveness and capabilities of the Automated Targeting System;
(2) consider future iterations of the Automated Targeting System, which would incorporate smart features, such as more complex algorithms and real-time intelligence, instead of relying solely on rule sets that are periodically updated;
(3) ensure that the Automated Targeting System has the capability to electronically compare manifest and other available data for cargo entered into or bound for the United States to detect any significant anomalies between such data and facilitate the resolution of such anomalies;
(4) ensure that the Automated Targeting System has the capability to electronically identify, compile, and compare select data elements for cargo entered into or bound for the United States following a maritime transportation security incident, in order to efficiently identify cargo for increased inspection or expeditious release; and
(5) develop a schedule to address the recommendations of the Comptroller General of the United States, the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury, and the Inspector General of the Department with respect to the operation of the Automated Targeting System.
(f) Secure transmission of certain information
All information required by the Department from supply chain partners shall be transmitted in a secure fashion, as determined by the Secretary, so as to protect the information from unauthorized access.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the United States Customs and Border Protection to carry out the Automated Targeting System for identifying high-risk oceanborne container cargo for inspection—
(1) $33,200,000 for fiscal year 2008;
(2) $35,700,000 for fiscal year 2009; and
(3) $37,485,000 for fiscal year 2010.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §203, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1904.)
Section 343(a) of the Trade Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (d), is section 343(a) of Pub. L. 107–210, which was set out as a note under section 2071 of Title 19, Customs Duties, prior to editorial transfer to section 1415(a) of Title 19.
If the interim final rule described in paragraph (2) is not issued by April 1, 2008, then—
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §204, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1905; Pub. L. 110–53, title XVII, §1701(b), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 491.)
2007—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 110–53, which directed amendment of par. (4) by substituting "(1) Deadline for enforcement" and subpar. (A) designation and heading for "(1) Deadline for enforcement", was executed by inserting the subpar. (A) designation and heading before "Not later than" and making no change in the par. designation or heading, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
The Secretary, acting through the Commissioner, may designate foreign seaports to participate in the Container Security Initiative after the Secretary has assessed the costs, benefits, and other factors associated with such designation, including—
The criteria and procedures established under paragraph (1)(A)—
The Secretary shall issue a "do not load" order, using existing authorities, to prevent the onload of any cargo loaded at a port designated under CSI that has been identified as high risk, including by the Automated Targeting System, unless the cargo is determined to no longer be high risk through—
Not later than 270 days after October 5, 2018, the Secretary, acting through the Commissioner, shall, in consultation with other appropriate government officials and the Commercial Operations Advisory Committee, submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees on the effectiveness of, and the need for any improvements to, the Container Security Initiative. The report shall include—
There are authorized to be appropriated to the United States Customs and Border Protection to carry out the provisions of this section—
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §205, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1906; Pub. L. 115–254, div. J, §1812, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3539.)
2018—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 115–254 struck out par. (1) designation and heading, substituted "Not later than 270 days after October 5, 2018," for "Not later than September 30, 2007," in introductory provisions, redesignated subpars. (A) to (H) of former par. (1) as pars. (1) to (8), respectively, and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text of par. (2) read as follows: "Not later than September 30, 2010, the Secretary, acting through the Commissioner, shall, in consultation with other appropriate government officials and the Commercial Operations Advisory Committee, submit an updated report to the appropriate congressional committees on the effectiveness of, and the need for any improvements to, the Container Security Initiative. The updated report shall address each of the elements required to be included in the report provided for under paragraph (1)."
Pub. L. 111–281, title VIII, §825, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3004, as amended by Pub. L. 114–120, title III, §320, Feb. 8, 2016, 130 Stat. 66, provided that:
"(a) Coordination.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall, to the extent practicable, conduct the assessments required by the following provisions of law concurrently, or develop a process by which the assessments are coordinated between the Coast Guard and Customs and Border Protection:
"(b) Limitation.—Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed to affect or diminish the Secretary's authority or discretion—
"(c) Multiple Assessment Report.—The Secretary shall provide written notice to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and Homeland Security of the House of Representatives whenever the Secretary conducts 2 or more assessments of the same port within a 3-year period."
The Secretary, acting through the Commissioner, is authorized to establish a voluntary government-private sector program (to be known as the "Customs–Trade Partnership Against Terrorism" or "C–TPAT") to strengthen and improve the overall security of the international supply chain and United States border security, and to facilitate the movement of secure cargo through the international supply chain, by providing benefits to participants meeting or exceeding the program requirements. Participants in C–TPAT shall include Tier 1 participants, Tier 2 participants, and Tier 3 participants.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §211, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1909.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §212, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1909.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §213, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1909.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §214, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1910.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §215, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1910.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §216, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1910.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §217, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1911.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §218, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1912.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §219, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1913.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §220, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1914.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §221, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1914.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §222, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1914.)
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §223, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1915.)
§981. Pilot integrated scanning system
Not later than 90 days after October 13, 2006, the Secretary shall designate 3 foreign seaports through which containers pass or are transshipped to the United States for the establishment of pilot integrated scanning systems that couple nonintrusive imaging equipment and radiation detection equipment. In making the designations under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider 3 distinct ports with unique features and differing levels of trade volume.
(1) coordinate with the Secretary of Energy, as necessary, to provide radiation detection equipment through the Department of Energy's Second Line of Defense and Megaports programs; or
(2) work with the private sector or, when possible, host governments to obtain radiation detection equipment that meets both the Department's and the Department of Energy's technical specifications for such equipment.
(c) Pilot system implementation
Not later than 1 year after October 13, 2006, the Secretary shall achieve a full-scale implementation of the pilot integrated scanning system at the ports designated under subsection (a), which—
(1) shall scan all containers destined for the United States that are loaded in such ports;
(2) shall electronically transmit the images and information to appropriate United States Government personnel in the country in which the port is located or in the United States for evaluation and analysis;
(3) shall resolve every radiation alarm according to established Department procedures;
(4) shall utilize the information collected to enhance the Automated Targeting System or other relevant programs;
(5) shall store the information for later retrieval and analysis; and
(6) may provide an automated notification of questionable or high-risk cargo as a trigger for further inspection by appropriately trained personnel.
Not later than 180 days after achieving full-scale implementation under subsection (c), the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State and, as appropriate, the Secretary of Energy, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees, that includes—
(1) an evaluation of the lessons derived from the pilot system implemented under this subsection;
(2) an analysis of the efficacy of the Automated Targeting System or other relevant programs in utilizing the images captured to examine high-risk containers;
(3) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the integrated scanning system in detecting shielded and unshielded nuclear and radiological material;
(4) an evaluation of software and other technologies that are capable of automatically identifying potential anomalies in scanned containers; and
(5) an analysis of the need and feasibility of expanding the integrated scanning system to other container security initiative ports, including—
(A) an analysis of the infrastructure requirements;
(B) a projection of the effect on current average processing speed of containerized cargo;
(C) an evaluation of the scalability of the system to meet both current and future forecasted trade flows;
(D) the ability of the system to automatically maintain and catalog appropriate data for reference and analysis in the event of a transportation disruption;
(E) an analysis of requirements, including costs, to install and maintain an integrated scanning system;
(F) the ability of administering personnel to efficiently manage and utilize the data produced by a nonintrusive scanning system;
(G) the ability to safeguard commercial data generated by, or submitted to, a nonintrusive scanning system; and
(H) an assessment of the reliability of currently available technology to implement an integrated scanning system.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §231, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1915.)
Not later than one year after October 4, 2006, the Secretary shall achieve a full-scale implementation of the pilot integrated screening system, which shall—
The Secretary shall evaluate the pilot program in subsection (b) to determine whether such a system—
Not later than 120 days after achieving full-scale implementation under subsection (b), the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of State, shall submit a report, to the appropriate congressional committees, that includes—
(Pub. L. 109–295, title V, §558, Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1392.)
§982. Screening and scanning of cargo containers
(a) One hundred percent screening of cargo containers and 100 percent scanning of high-risk containers
(1) Screening of cargo containers
The Secretary shall ensure that 100 percent of the cargo containers originating outside the United States and unloaded at a United States seaport undergo a screening to identify high-risk containers.
(2) Scanning of high-risk containers
The Secretary shall ensure that 100 percent of the containers that have been identified as high-risk under paragraph (1), or through other means, are scanned or searched before such containers leave a United States seaport facility.
(b) Full-scale implementation
A container that was loaded on a vessel in a foreign port shall not enter the United States (either directly or via a foreign port) unless the container was scanned by nonintrusive imaging equipment and radiation detection equipment at a foreign port before it was loaded on a vessel.
Paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to containers loaded on a vessel in a foreign country on or after the earlier of—
(A) July 1, 2012; or
(B) such other date as may be established by the Secretary under paragraph (3).
(3) Establishment of earlier deadline
The Secretary shall establish a date under (2)(B) 1 pursuant to the lessons learned through the pilot integrated scanning systems established under section 981 of this title.
The Secretary may extend the date specified in paragraph (2)(A) or (2)(B) for 2 years, and may renew the extension in additional 2-year increments, for containers loaded in a port or ports, if the Secretary certifies to Congress that at least two of the following conditions exist:
(A) Systems to scan containers in accordance with paragraph (1) are not available for purchase and installation.
(B) Systems to scan containers in accordance with paragraph (1) do not have a sufficiently low false alarm rate for use in the supply chain.
(C) Systems to scan containers in accordance with paragraph (1) cannot be purchased, deployed, or operated at ports overseas, including, if applicable, because a port does not have the physical characteristics to install such a system.
(D) Systems to scan containers in accordance with paragraph (1) cannot be integrated, as necessary, with existing systems.
(E) Use of systems that are available to scan containers in accordance with paragraph (1) will significantly impact trade capacity and the flow of cargo.
(F) Systems to scan containers in accordance with paragraph (1) do not adequately provide an automated notification of questionable or high-risk cargo as a trigger for further inspection by appropriately trained personnel.
(5) Exemption for military cargo
Notwithstanding any other provision in the section, supplies bought by the Secretary of Defense and transported in compliance section 2631 of title 10 and military cargo of foreign countries are exempt from the requirements of this section.
(6) Report on extensions
An extension under paragraph (4) for a port or ports shall take effect upon the expiration of the 60-day period beginning on the date the Secretary provides a report to Congress that—
(A) states what container traffic will be affected by the extension;
(B) provides supporting evidence to support the Secretary's certification of the basis for the extension; and
(C) explains what measures the Secretary is taking to ensure that scanning can be implemented as early as possible at the port or ports that are the subject of the report.
(7) Report on renewal of extension
If an extension under paragraph (4) takes effect, the Secretary shall, after one year, submit a report to Congress on whether the Secretary expects to seek to renew the extension.
(8) Scanning technology standards
In implementing paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—
(A) establish technological and operational standards for systems to scan containers;
(B) ensure that the standards are consistent with the global nuclear detection architecture developed under the Homeland Security Act of 2002 [6 U.S.C. 101 et seq.]; and
(C) coordinate with other Federal agencies that administer scanning or detection programs at foreign ports.
(9) International trade and other obligations
In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall consult with appropriate Federal departments and agencies and private sector stakeholders, and ensure that actions under this section do not violate international trade obligations, and are consistent with the World Customs Organization framework, or other international obligations of the United States.
Not later than 6 months after the submission of a report under section 981(d) of this title, and every 6 months thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees describing the status of full-scale deployment under subsection (b) and the cost of deploying the system at each foreign port at which the integrated scanning systems are deployed.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §232, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 110–53, title XVII, §1701(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 489.)
The Homeland Security Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (b)(8)(B), is Pub. L. 107–296, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2135, which is classified principally to chapter 1 (§101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables.
2007—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–53 reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text related to full deployment of an integrated scanning system after the Secretary had determined that such system had met section 981(c) requirements, had a sufficiently low false alarm rate, was capable of being deployed overseas, was capable of integrating with existing systems, would not significantly impact trade flow, and had provided for automated notification of high-risk cargo.
Cargo Container Scanning Technology Review
Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1979, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3618, provided that:
"(a) Designations.—
"(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter until the date of full-scale implementation of 100 percent screening of cargo containers and 100 percent scanning of high-risk containers required under section 232 of the SAFE Port Act (6 U.S.C. 982), the Secretary [of Homeland Security] shall solicit proposals for scanning technologies, consistent with the standards under subsection (b)(8) of that section, to improve scanning of cargo at domestic ports.
"(2) Evaluation.—In soliciting proposals under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall establish measures to assess the performance of the proposed scanning technologies, including—
"(A) the rate of false positives;
"(B) the delays in processing times; and
"(C) the impact on the supply chain.
"(1) Establishment.—The Secretary may establish a pilot program to determine the efficacy of a scanning technology referred to in subsection (a).
"(2) Application process.—In carrying out the pilot program under this subsection, the Secretary shall—
"(A) solicit applications from domestic ports;
"(B) select up to 4 domestic ports to participate in the pilot program; and
"(C) select ports with unique features and differing levels of trade volume.
"(3) Report.—Not later than 1 year after initiating a pilot program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress [Committees on Commerce, Science and Transportation and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives] a report on the pilot program, including—
"(A) an evaluation of the scanning technologies proposed to improve security at domestic ports and to meet the full-scale implementation requirement;
"(B) the costs to implement a pilot program;
"(C) the benefits of the proposed scanning technologies;
"(D) the impact of the pilot program on the supply chain; and
"(E) recommendations for implementation of advanced cargo scanning technologies at domestic ports.
"(4) Sharing pilot program testing results.—The results of the pilot testing of advanced cargo scanning technologies shall be shared, as appropriate, with government agencies and private stakeholders whose responsibilities encompass the secure transport of cargo."
1 So in original. Probably should be "paragraph (2)(B)".
§983. Inspection technology and training
The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, and appropriate representatives of other Federal agencies, may provide technical assistance, equipment, and training to facilitate the implementation of supply chain security measures at ports designated under the Container Security Initiative.
(b) Acquisition and training
Unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Secretary may—
(1) lease, loan, provide, or otherwise assist in the deployment of nonintrusive inspection and radiation detection equipment at foreign land and sea ports under such terms and conditions as the Secretary prescribes, including nonreimbursable loans or the transfer of ownership of equipment; and
(2) provide training and technical assistance for domestic or foreign personnel responsible for operating or maintaining such equipment.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §233(a), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1917; Pub. L. 115–254, div. J, §1816(e)(1), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3541.)
2018—Pub. L. 115–254, which directed the general amendment of "section 233 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 983)", was executed by generally amending section 233(a) of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006, which comprises this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Prior to amendment, section read as follows:
"(1) In general.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, and appropriate representatives of other Federal agencies, may provide technical assistance, equipment, and training to facilitate the implementation of supply chain security measures at ports designated under the Container Security Initiative.
"(2) Acquisition and training.—Unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Secretary may—
"(A) lease, loan, provide, or otherwise assist in the deployment of nonintrusive inspection and radiation detection equipment at foreign land and sea ports under such terms and conditions as the Secretary prescribes, including nonreimbursable loans or the transfer of ownership of equipment; and
"(B) provide training and technical assistance for domestic or foreign personnel responsible for operating or maintaining such equipment."
§984. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–254, div. J, §1816(f), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3541
Section, Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §235, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1919, related to pilot program to improve the security of empty containers.
§985. Information sharing relating to supply chain security cooperation
(1) to establish continuing liaison and to provide for supply chain security cooperation between Department and the private sector; and
(2) to provide for regular and timely interchange of information between the private sector and the Department concerning developments and security risks in the supply chain environment.
The Secretary shall develop a system to collect from and share appropriate risk information related to the supply chain with the private sector entities determined appropriate by the Secretary.
In developing the system under subsection (b), the Secretary shall consult with the Commercial Operations Advisory Committee and a broad range of public and private sector entities likely to utilize the system, including importers, exporters, carriers, customs brokers, and freight forwarders, among other parties.
(d) Independently obtained information
Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or otherwise affect the ability of a Federal, State, or local government entity, under applicable law, to obtain supply chain security information, including any information lawfully and properly disclosed generally or broadly to the public and to use such information in any manner permitted by law.
(e) Authority to issue warnings
The Secretary may provide advisories, alerts, and warnings to relevant companies, targeted sectors, other governmental entities, or the general public regarding potential risks to the supply chain as appropriate. In issuing a warning, the Secretary shall take appropriate actions to protect from disclosure—
(1) the source of any voluntarily submitted supply chain security information that forms the basis for the warning; and
(Pub. L. 109–347, title II, §236, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1919.)
§1001. Designation of liaison office of Department of State
The Secretary of State shall designate a liaison office within the Department of State to assist the Secretary, as appropriate, in negotiating cargo security-related international agreements.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title III, §301(b), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1920.)
Nothing in this section to be construed to affect the authorities, functions, or capabilities of the Coast Guard to perform its missions or the requirement under section 468 of this title that those authorities, functions, and capabilities be maintained intact, see section 301(c) of Pub. L. 109–347, set out as a note under section 239 of this title.
§1002. Homeland Security Science and Technology Advisory Committee
The Under Secretary for Science and Technology shall utilize the Homeland Security Science and Technology Advisory Committee, as appropriate, to provide outside expertise in advancing cargo security technology.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title III, §302(c), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1921.)
§1003. Research, development, test, and evaluation efforts in furtherance of maritime and cargo security
(1) direct research, development, testing, and evaluation efforts in furtherance of maritime and cargo security;
(2) coordinate with public and private sector entities to develop and test technologies, and process innovations in furtherance of these objectives; and
(3) evaluate such technologies.
The Secretary, in coordination with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology, the Assistant Secretary for Policy, the Commandant of the Coast Guard, the Director for Domestic Nuclear Detection,1 the Chief Financial Officer, and the heads of other appropriate offices or entities of the Department, shall ensure that—
(1) research, development, testing, and evaluation efforts funded by the Department in furtherance of maritime and cargo security are coordinated within the Department and with other appropriate Federal agencies to avoid duplication of efforts; and
(2) the results of such efforts are shared throughout the Department and with other Federal, State, and local agencies, as appropriate.
(Pub. L. 109–347, title III, §303, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1921.)