Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4186810B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-11-22 09:19:06
Document Index: 501457798

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 23', 'art 24']

JP4186810B2 - Fuel cell manufacturing method and fuel cell - Google Patents
JP4186810B2
JP4186810B2 JP2003408486A JP2003408486A JP4186810B2 JP 4186810 B2 JP4186810 B2 JP 4186810B2 JP 2003408486 A JP2003408486 A JP 2003408486A JP 2003408486 A JP2003408486 A JP 2003408486A JP 4186810 B2 JP4186810 B2 JP 4186810B2
JP2003408486A
JP2005174570A (en
JP2005174570A5 (en
2003-12-08 Application filed by トヨタ自動車株式会社 filed Critical トヨタ自動車株式会社
2003-12-08 Priority to JP2003408486A priority Critical patent/JP4186810B2/en
2005-06-30 Publication of JP2005174570A publication Critical patent/JP2005174570A/en
2005-12-22 Publication of JP2005174570A5 publication Critical patent/JP2005174570A5/ja
2008-11-26 Publication of JP4186810B2 publication Critical patent/JP4186810B2/en
The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a fuel cell including a hydrogen permeable metal layer together with an electrolyte layer.
Conventionally, various types of fuel cells have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a fuel cell in which a palladium-based metal film having hydrogen permeability is disposed on the anode side of an electrolyte layer having proton conductivity. Such a fuel cell can be manufactured, for example, by forming a solid electrolyte layer such as ceramic on a hydrogen permeable metal layer which is a metal thin film.
JP-A-5-299105
However, it is difficult to form a solid electrolyte layer thin and dense, and micropores such as microcracks and pinholes may be generated in the solid electrolyte. When an electrolyte layer is formed on a hydrogen permeable metal layer and a conductive layer such as an electrode is formed on the electrolyte layer, if a conductive material such as an electrode material enters the micropore, the conductive layer has conductivity. There is a possibility that the battery performance is deteriorated due to a short circuit between the layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to prevent a short circuit from occurring inside a fuel cell due to micropores generated in an electrolyte layer.
To achieve the above object, the present invention includes a hydrogen permeable metal layer containing a hydrogen permeable metal, and an electrolyte layer disposed on the hydrogen permeable metal layer and having proton conductivity. A fuel cell manufacturing method comprising:
(A) forming the electrolyte layer as a thin film on the hydrogen permeable metal layer;
(B) Electrical connection between the conductive layer having conductivity on the electrolyte layer formed in the step (a) and the hydrogen permeable metal layer through the micropores of the electrolyte layer. And a step of forming so as to block.
According to the method for manufacturing a fuel cell of the present invention configured as described above, even if the electrolyte layer has micropores such as microcracks and pinholes, electrical connection with the hydrogen permeable metal layer is possible. By forming the conductive layer so as to cut off the connection, there is no short circuit between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer in these fine holes. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the performance deterioration of the fuel cell due to the short circuit inside the fuel cell.
In the fuel cell manufacturing method of the present invention, the conductive layer may be an electrode. With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent a short circuit between the hydrogen permeable metal layer and the electrode.
In the method for producing a fuel cell of the present invention,
The step (b) may be performed by discharging a conductive material in a direction perpendicular to the electrolyte layer toward the electrolyte layer and forming the conductive layer thinner than the electrolyte layer. good.
With such a configuration, the conductive layer formed on the electrolyte layer and the layer made of a conductive material formed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer are discontinuous, so that the conductive layer is formed on the electrolyte layer. The electrical connection between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer is cut off, and an effect of preventing a short circuit can be obtained.
In the step (b), the conductive material is directed toward the electrolyte layer at an angle at which adhesion of the conductive material to the surface of the hydrogen permeable metal layer exposed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer is blocked. It is good also as performing by discharging | emitting and forming the said conductive layer.
With such a configuration, the conductive material does not adhere to the hydrogen permeable metal layer exposed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer, so that the electrical connection with the hydrogen permeable metal layer is interrupted. In addition, it is possible to easily obtain a conductive layer, and to prevent inconvenience due to a short circuit between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer.
In the fuel cell manufacturing method of the present invention described above, in the step (b), the conductive layer may be formed by a vacuum deposition method.
In order to discharge the conductive material at a predetermined angle toward the electrolyte layer, a method of discharging the conductive material from a conductive material discharge source that discharges the conductive material in one direction can be used. Specific examples of such a method include physical vapor deposition (PVD) such as sputtering, ion plating, and vacuum vapor deposition, and thermal spraying. In particular, it is preferable to use a vacuum vapor deposition method in which film formation is performed under a higher degree of vacuum than the above sputtering method or ion plating. By forming the film under a condition with a higher degree of vacuum, the discharged conductive materials reach the electrolyte layer in a straight line state with almost no collision with each other. The possibility of adhesion becomes lower, and a short circuit between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer can be more reliably prevented.
(B-1) Between the surface of the hydrogen permeable metal layer made of an insulating material and exposed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer and the outside of the micropores, in the micropores of the electrolyte layer. A step of forming an insulating portion that blocks the connection between;
(B-2) It is good also as providing the process of forming the said conductive layer on the said electrolyte layer which formed the said insulation part at the said (b-1) process.
With such a configuration, it is possible to reliably prevent a short circuit between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer through the fine holes by providing the insulating portion in the fine holes of the electrolyte layer. .
In the fuel cell manufacturing method,
In the step (b-1), the insulating part may be formed by embedding insulating fine particles in the fine holes.
In the above fuel cell manufacturing method,
In the step (b-1), the inside of the fine hole may be plated with an insulating material to form the insulating portion.
Alternatively, in the fuel cell manufacturing method,
The step (b-1)
(B-1-1) a step of coating the inside of the micropores with a metal that becomes an insulating material when oxidized to form a metal coating layer;
(B-1-2) oxidizing the metal coating layer and forming the insulating part.
By these methods, an insulating part can be efficiently formed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer.
(B-1) a step of embedding fine particles in the micropores of the electrolyte layer;
(B-2) forming the conductive layer on the electrolyte layer embedded with the fine particles in the step (b-1);
(B-3) After the step (b-2), a step of removing the fine particles from the fine holes may be provided.
In such a case, when the fine particles are removed from the electrolyte layer, it is possible to remove the portion of the conductive layer that covers the fine particles, and the reliability of ensuring the insulation between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer is further increased. improves.
In the fuel cell manufacturing method, the step (b-3) may be performed by removing the fine particles by a chemical method. Alternatively, in the fuel cell manufacturing method, the step (b-3) may be performed by removing the fine particles by a physical method. In any case, by removing the fine particles from the electrolyte layer, the conductive material is removed from the vicinity of the micropores, thereby improving the reliability of ensuring the insulation between the conductivity and the hydrogen permeable metal layer. it can.
(B-1) forming a protective layer covering the electrolyte layer on the electrolyte layer;
(B-2) A step of forming the conductive layer on the protective layer may be provided.
With such a configuration, since the protective layer is formed on the electrolyte layer prior to forming the conductive layer, the conductive material enters the micropores of the electrolyte layer when the conductive layer is formed. It is possible to prevent a short circuit between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer.
(B-3) The step of removing the protective layer and fixing the conductive layer to the electrolyte layer may be provided.
In such a case, it is possible to obtain a fuel cell in which the conductive layer and the electrolyte layer are in direct contact with each other, and insulation between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer is ensured.
In the fuel cell manufacturing method, the protective layer may be formed of an insulating material having proton conductivity.
With such a configuration, the protective layer can perform the same function as the electrolyte layer, and thus it is not necessary to remove the protective layer.
In the step (b), the conductive layer may be formed by covering the electrolyte layer with a conductive material having a particle size larger than the width of the micropores of the electrolyte layer.
With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the conductive material from entering the micropores of the electrolyte layer, thereby preventing a short circuit between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer.
In the step (b), the electrolyte layer may be covered with the conductive material using any method selected from arc ion plating, emulsion deposition, and cluster beam deposition.
By using these methods, the particle size of the conductive material can be adjusted to be larger than the width of the micropores of the electrolyte layer.
In the step (b), a paste containing a conductive substance for forming the conductive layer on the electrolyte layer and having a predetermined viscosity that can prevent the electrolyte layer from entering the micropores. It is good also as including the process of apply | coating.
With such a configuration, it is possible to easily prevent a short circuit between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer by adjusting the viscosity of the paste containing the conductive substance.
(B-1) producing a conductive film formed of a conductive material;
(B-2) The step of transferring the conductive film onto the electrolyte layer to form the conductive layer may be provided.
With such a configuration, by forming a conductive film by forming a conductive material, a bond between particles constituting the conductive material is strengthened, so that the conductive film is transferred onto the electrolyte layer. Sometimes, the conductive material is prevented from entering the micropores of the electrolyte layer, and a short circuit between the conductive layer and the hydrogen permeable metal layer can be prevented.
The present invention can be realized in various forms other than those described above. For example, the present invention can be realized in the form of a fuel cell manufactured by the fuel cell manufacturing method of the present invention.
A. Fuel cell configuration:
C. Other examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an outline of the configuration of a single cell 20 constituting a fuel cell according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The unit cell 20 includes an electrolyte part 23 including a hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 and an electrolyte layer 21, a cathode electrode 24 formed on the electrolyte layer 21, and gas separators 27 and 29. Between the gas separator 27 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22, an in-cell fuel gas channel 30 through which a fuel gas containing hydrogen passes is formed. Further, between the gas separator 29 and the cathode electrode 24, an in-single cell oxidizing gas passage 32 through which an oxidizing gas containing oxygen passes is formed. Hereinafter, a structure including the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22, the electrolyte layer 21, and the cathode electrode 24 is referred to as an MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) 40. Although the single cell 20 is shown in FIG. 1, the actual fuel cell of this embodiment has a stack structure in which a plurality of the single cells 20 of FIG. 1 are stacked. Although illustration is omitted, in order to adjust the internal temperature of the stack structure, a refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant passes may be provided between the single cells or every time a predetermined number of single cells are stacked. good.
The hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 is a layer formed of a metal having hydrogen permeability. Such a hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 can be formed of, for example, palladium (Pd) or a Pd alloy. Alternatively, a group 5 metal such as vanadium (V) (in addition to V, niobium, tantalum, etc.) or an alloy of a group 5 metal is used as a base material, and Pd is formed on at least one surface (the fuel gas flow channel 30 side in the single cell). Or a multilayer film in which a Pd alloy layer is formed. In the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22, at least Pd constituting the surface on the side of the fuel gas flow channel 30 in the single cell has an activity of dissociating hydrogen molecules when hydrogen permeates the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22. In the present embodiment, the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 functions as an anode electrode.
The electrolyte layer 21 is a layer made of a solid electrolyte having proton conductivity. For example, a BaCeO 3 or SrCeO 3 ceramic proton conductor can be used as the solid electrolyte constituting the electrolyte layer 21. Since the electrolyte layer 21 is formed on the dense hydrogen permeable metal layer 22, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the thickness. Therefore, the membrane resistance of the solid oxide can be reduced, and the fuel cell can be operated at about 200 to 600 ° C., which is lower than the operating temperature of the conventional solid oxide fuel cell.
The cathode electrode 24 is a metal layer formed on the electrolyte layer 21 and is formed of a noble metal having catalytic activity that promotes an electrochemical reaction. In this embodiment, the cathode electrode 24 is made of Pd. In the case where the cathode electrode 24 is composed of other types of noble metals that do not have hydrogen permeability, such as platinum (Pt), the cathode electrode 24 is formed outside the cathode electrode 24 (oxidizing gas in a single cell) by forming the cathode electrode 24 sufficiently thin. Gas permeability may be ensured between the flow path 32 side) and the electrolyte layer 21. The process for forming the cathode electrode 24 corresponds to the main part of the present invention and will be described in detail later.
The gas separators 27 and 29 are gas-impermeable members made of a conductive material such as carbon or metal. On the surfaces of the gas separators 27 and 29, predetermined uneven shapes for forming the above-described single-cell in-cell fuel gas flow channel 30 and single-cell in-cell oxidizing gas flow channel 32 are formed. In addition, in the single cell 20 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, it is possible to modify the MEA 40 and the gas separator such that a member having conductivity and gas permeability is further provided.
As the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell, a hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming a hydrocarbon-based fuel may be used, or a high-purity hydrogen gas may be used. For example, air can be used as the oxidizing gas supplied to the fuel cell.
Hereinafter, as a method for manufacturing the single cell 20, a manufacturing process of the MEA 40 including the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22, the electrolyte layer 21, and the cathode electrode 24 will be described. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the manufacturing process of the MEA 40.
When creating the MEA 40, first, the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 is prepared (step S100). As described above, the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 is a metal film having a layer containing Pd or a layer containing a Group 5 metal as a base material and a layer containing Pd on at least one surface thereof. It is formed.
Next, the electrolyte layer 21 is formed on the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 prepared in Step S100 to produce the electrolyte part 23 (Step S110). When the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 has a structure in which a layer containing Pd is formed on one surface of a substrate composed of a layer containing a Group 5 metal, the electrolyte layer 21 contains a Group 5 metal. It is formed on the base material side consisting of a layer to be formed. The electrolyte layer 21 is formed by forming a film on the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 while generating the solid oxide described above. As a film forming method, for example, various methods such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be used. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 21 can be 0.1-5 micrometers, for example.
Thereafter, the cathode electrode 24 is formed on the electrolyte layer 21 (step S120), and the MEA 40 is completed. The cathode electrode 24 is formed by PVD. Specifically, Pd is formed on the electrolyte layer 21 by emitting Pd in a direction substantially perpendicular to the electrolyte portion 23 from a Pd vapor deposition source that releases Pd in one direction in the state of molecules or ions. In step S120, the cathode electrode 24 is formed so as to be thinner than the electrolyte layer 21 formed in step S110. Furthermore, the thickness of the cathode electrode 24 is preferably 1 μm or less. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing how the cathode electrode 24 is formed, and shows an enlarged view of a minute hole such as a pinhole and its surroundings. As shown in FIG. 3, when Pd is released from the Pd deposition source to the electrolyte layer 21, a Pd layer is formed on the electrolyte layer 21, and when the electrolyte layer 21 has micropores, the micropores A Pd layer is also formed inside. Here, in this embodiment, Pd is sprayed on the electrolyte layer 21 in a direction perpendicular to the electrolyte portion 23, so that the fine pore wall surface parallel to the Pd release direction (the wall surface A in FIG. Pd does not adhere to (shown in a box). Further, since the Pd layer to be formed is formed to be thinner than the electrolyte layer, as a result, the Pd layer formed on the electrolyte layer 21 and the Pd layer formed in the micropores Is electrically or physically discontinuous (see FIG. 3).
When assembling the fuel cell, the gas separators 27 and 29 are disposed so as to sandwich the MEA 40 manufactured according to FIG. 2 to form a single cell 20, and a predetermined number of the single cells 20 are stacked.
According to the fuel cell manufacturing method configured as described above, Pd is sprayed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the electrolyte layer 21 toward the electrolyte layer 21, and the cathode thinner than the electrolyte layer 21 is formed on the electrolyte layer 21. Since the electrode 24 is formed, it is possible to prevent the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 from being short-circuited even if the electrolyte layer 21 has fine holes such as pinholes. That is, since the Pd layer formed on the electrolyte layer 21 and the Pd formed in the micropores are discontinuous, the cathode electrode 24, which is the Pd layer formed on the electrolyte layer 21, is made to be hydrogen permeable. The electrical connection with the metal layer 22 may be interrupted.
Specific examples of a method for releasing an electrode material such as Pd in one direction include sputtering and ion plating. Further, it is more preferable to use a vacuum vapor deposition method in which a film is formed under a higher degree of vacuum than the above sputtering method or ion plating. The vacuum deposition method is a method of forming a film by electron beam heating vapor deposition or resistance heating vapor deposition under high vacuum conditions. For example, it is vaporized from a vapor deposition source under a pressure of about 10 −2 to 10 −4 Pa. The electrode material thus obtained can reach the electrolyte layer 21 while maintaining a straight traveling state with almost no collision. According to such a vacuum deposition method, since the straightness when the electrode material is discharged from the electrode material deposition source toward the electrolyte layer 21 is high, the possibility that the electrode material adheres to the wall surface of the fine hole is further reduced. Thus, a short circuit between the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 can be more reliably prevented.
Although the PVD has been described in the above embodiment, the same effect can be obtained by any method other than PVD as long as the cathode material 24 can be formed by discharging the electrode material in a direction substantially perpendicular to the electrolyte layer 21. be able to. Examples of methods other than PVD include thermal spraying.
C-1. Second embodiment:
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing the main part of the method for manufacturing the MEA 40 in the fuel cell of the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, only the step of forming the cathode electrode 24 shown in step S120 of FIG. 2 is different from that of the first embodiment, and FIG. 4 shows a state of forming the cathode electrode 24 in the second embodiment. . Also in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the cathode electrode 24 is formed on the electrolyte layer 21 using an electrode material emission source that emits an electrode material such as Pd in one direction. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, as a process corresponding to step S120 of FIG. The angle is such that electrode material adhesion to the surface is blocked.
By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 from being electrically connected inside the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21. Here, by adjusting the direction in which the electrode material is sprayed onto the electrolyte layer 21, a region where the layer of the electrode material is not formed on the inner wall of the fine hole (shown as a region B in FIG. 3 surrounded by a broken line) is formed. . As a result, as in the first embodiment, the cathode electrode 24 is cut off from the electrical connection between the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 and the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 are separated. It is possible to prevent a decrease in battery performance due to a short circuit. Here, in order to form the cathode electrode 24 that does not cause a short circuit with the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22, the angle at which the electrode material should be discharged depends on the width of the micropores in the electrolyte layer 21 ( It depends on the diameter of the pinhole or the width of the microcrack) and the thickness of the electrolyte layer 21. Therefore, the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable property are selected according to the electrolyte layer 21 used as the target for forming the cathode electrode 24 so that the cathode electrode 24 that does not cause a short circuit with the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 can be formed. The angle that can sufficiently prevent a short circuit with the metal layer 22 can be obtained in advance by experiments. A cathode electrode is formed at various angles with respect to the electrolyte portion 23 including the electrolyte layer 21 formed under a predetermined condition, and a voltage is applied to the completed MEA, thereby short-circuiting between the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22. The above-mentioned angle for obtaining a cathode electrode that does not cause the problem can be obtained. Alternatively, the angle may be theoretically obtained in advance based on the width of the pore diameter and the thickness of the electrolyte layer 21 measured by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the like.
In the method for manufacturing the MEA 40 shown in the second embodiment, various methods similar to those in the first embodiment can be used as a method for forming a film by discharging the electrode material in one direction.
C-2. Third embodiment:
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged main part of the MEA 140 of the third embodiment. The MEA 140 is used in place of the MEA 40 in the same fuel cell as in the first embodiment. Further, in the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are given to portions common to the MEA 40. When the MEA 140 is manufactured, after forming the electrolyte portion 23 in the same manner as in Step S100 and Step S110 of FIG. 2, prior to forming the cathode electrode 24, insulating properties are formed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21. The cathode electrode 24 is formed so as to cover the electrolyte layer 21 filled with the particles 42 and then filled with the insulating particles 42 in the micropores.
As the insulating particles 42 filled in the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21, for example, fine particles made of aluminum oxide (alumina) or silicon dioxide (silica) can be used. These insulating particles 42 only have to have a particle size smaller than the width of the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21. The width of the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21 can be measured by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the like as described above. The filling of the insulating particles 42 into the micropores may be performed, for example, by spraying or by applying a paste of the insulating particles 42 using a solvent such as water on the electrolyte layer 21. Also good. By filling the fine holes with the insulating particles 42 in this way, the connection between the surface of the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 exposed in the fine holes and the outside of the fine holes is blocked. After the step of filling the insulating particles 42 described above, the insulating particles 42 on the surface of the electrolyte layer 21 are removed by a method such as washing the electrolyte portion 23, and then the cathode electrode 24 is formed on the electrolyte layer 21. As a method for forming the cathode electrode 24, various methods such as PVD, CVD, and plating can be selected.
According to the manufacturing method of the MEA 140 of the third embodiment, since the insulating particles 42 are interposed between the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 in the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21, the cathode It is possible to reliably prevent the electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 from being short-circuited.
C-3. Fourth embodiment:
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged main part of the MEA 240 of the fourth embodiment. The MEA 240 is used in place of the MEA 40 in the same fuel cell as in the first embodiment. When the MEA 240 is manufactured, the insulating film is formed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21 prior to the formation of the cathode electrode 24 after forming the electrolyte portion 23 in the same manner as in Step S100 and Step S110 of FIG. After that, the cathode electrode 24 is formed by a method such as PVD, CVD, or plating so as to cover the electrolyte layer 21 in which the insulating coating 44 is formed in the fine holes. The insulating coating 44 can be formed by electroplating only the surface of the electrolyte portion 23 on the side where the electrolyte layer 21 is formed. That is, by electrolytically depositing an insulating material such as ceramics on the surface of the electrolyte portion 23 on which the electrolyte layer 21 is formed, the electrolyte is not formed on the electrolyte layer 21 having no conductivity. An insulating coating 44 can be selectively formed in the micropore formed in the layer 21 and exposing a part of the surface of the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22. The insulating coating 44 can be formed of an insulating material such as alumina or silica.
Alternatively, the insulating coating 44 is formed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21 by forming a coating of an insulating material such as alumina or silica on the electrolyte layer 21 by sputtering or ion plating. Also good. In this case, after the insulating material film is formed on the electrolyte layer 21 as described above, only the insulating material on the surface of the electrolyte layer 21 is removed by etching or the like, so that the insulating film is formed in the micropores. 44 can be formed. After the insulating coating 44 is formed, the cathode electrode 24 is formed on the electrolyte layer 21 as in the third embodiment.
According to the manufacturing method of the MEA 240 of the fourth embodiment, since the insulating coating 44 is interposed between the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 in the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21, It is possible to reliably prevent a short circuit with the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22.
C-4. Example 5:
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of manufacturing the MEA 340 of the fifth embodiment. When manufacturing the MEA 340, first, the electrolyte part 23 is formed in the same manner as in Step S100 and Step S110 of FIG. 2 (FIG. 7A). Thereafter, a metal layer 45 is formed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21 (FIG. 7B). The metal layer 45 can be selectively formed in the micropores by electroplating only the surface of the electrolyte portion 23 on the side where the electrolyte layer 21 is formed. Here, as the metal constituting the metal layer 45, a metal that can be easily oxidized and becomes insulating when oxidized is selected. For example, the metal layer 45 may be formed of aluminum or silicon.
After the metal layer 45 is formed, the metal layer 45 is then oxidized and insulated to form the insulating layer 46 (FIG. 7C). The metal layer 45 can be oxidized by, for example, exposure to a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere, exposure to an oxidizing solution, laser annealing in an oxidizing atmosphere, electron beam heating, or microwave heating. When the metal layer 45 is made of aluminum or silicon, an insulating layer 46 made of aluminum oxide or silicon oxide having insulation properties can be obtained. When the insulating layer 46 is formed, the MEA 340 is obtained by forming the cathode electrode 24 by a method such as PVD, CVD, or plating so as to cover the insulating layer 46 and the electrolyte layer 21 (FIG. 7D). ).
According to the method of manufacturing the MEA 340 of the fifth embodiment, since the insulating layer 46 is interposed between the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 in the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21, It is possible to reliably prevent the permeable metal layer 22 from being short-circuited. Here, since the metal layer 45 for providing the insulating layer 46 is formed by electroplating, even if the micropores are extremely fine having a width of several atoms, the micropores are reliably insulated. It can be blocked with the layer 46 to reliably prevent a short circuit.
C-5. Example 6:
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of manufacturing the MEA 440 of the sixth embodiment. When manufacturing the MEA 440, first, the electrolyte part 23 is formed in the same manner as in Step S100 and Step S110 of FIG. 2 (FIG. 8A). Thereafter, the fine pores of the electrolyte layer 21 are filled with fine particles 47 having a particle diameter smaller than the width of the fine pores (FIG. 8B), and the electrolyte layer 21 filled with the fine particles 47 is covered. As described above, the cathode electrode 24 is formed by a method such as PVD, CVD, or plating (FIG. 8C). After forming the cathode electrode 24, the fine particles 47 are removed to complete the MEA 440 (FIG. 8D).
According to the manufacturing method of the MEA 440 of the sixth embodiment, the fine pores of the electrolyte layer 21 are filled with the fine particles 47 and the cathode electrode 24 is formed. Thus, no electrolyte layer is formed. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 from being short-circuited.
In the sixth embodiment, the removal of the fine particles 47 can be performed by a chemical method. For example, the fine particles 47 are formed of a resin such as an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, or a vinyl chloride resin, and the electrolyte portion 23 on which the cathode electrode 24 is formed is immersed in a solvent that can dissolve the resin, thereby removing the fine particles 47. can do. As a solvent capable of dissolving the resin, for example, acetone can be used.
In the sixth embodiment, the fine particles 47 can be removed by a physical method. For example, the fine particles 47 may be removed by applying vibration to the electrolyte part 23 on which the cathode electrode 24 is formed by applying ultrasonic waves in the liquid. Or it is good also as applying the wind to the cathode electrode 24 side of the electrolyte part 23 in which the cathode electrode 24 was formed from a substantially vertical direction, and removing the fine particles 47 by wind pressure. Alternatively, particles having a particle size smaller than the width of the micropores may be sprayed on the side of the cathode portion 24 of the electrolyte portion 23 in which the cathode electrode 24 is formed to remove the fine particles 47 in the micropores. Since the fine particles 47 are finally removed, the fine particles 47 may be conductive or insulative, and have a small mechanical adhesion so that the physical removal can be surely performed. It is preferable to select. For example, fine particles made of aluminum oxide can be used.
C-6. Seventh embodiment:
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of manufacturing the MEA 540 of the seventh embodiment. When manufacturing the MEA 540, first, the electrolyte part 23 is formed in the same manner as in Step S100 and Step S110 of FIG. 2 (FIG. 9A). Thereafter, a protective layer 48 for preventing the electrode material from entering the micropores is formed on the electrolyte layer 21 (FIG. 9B), and the cathode electrode 24 is formed on the protective layer 48 ( FIG. 9C). By firing the whole after the cathode electrode 24 is formed, the protective layer 48 is removed and the cathode electrode 24 and the electrolyte layer 21 are sintered (FIG. 9D), whereby the MEA 540 is completed.
Here, the protective layer 48 only needs to be removable by a subsequent process such as a baking process, and may be formed by applying an organic paste made of an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, or the like. By sufficiently increasing the viscosity of the organic paste, the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 are short-circuited when the cathode electrode 24 is sintered to the electrolyte layer 21 in a later step. This can be prevented more reliably.
In the step shown in FIG. 9C, the cathode electrode 24 can be formed by applying a paste containing fine electrode material particles on the protective layer 48. As the electrode material, a noble metal having catalytic activity such as Pd or Pt may be used. With such a configuration, the porous cathode electrode 24 fixed to the electrolyte layer 21 can be obtained by firing. Alternatively, the cathode electrode 24 may be formed by performing a plating process and providing the noble metal thin film having the catalytic activity.
According to the manufacturing method of the MEA 440 of the seventh embodiment, when the cathode electrode 24 is formed, the protective layer 48 is interposed between the cathode electrode 24 and the electrolyte part 23, so that the electrolyte layer 21 has fine pores. In addition, it is possible to prevent the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 from being short-circuited in the fine holes.
C-7. Example 8:
In the seventh embodiment, the protective layer 48 is interposed between the cathode portion 24 and the electrolyte portion 23 when forming the cathode electrode 24, and the protective layer 48 is removed after the cathode electrode 24 is formed. 48 can also be provided. Such a configuration will be described below as an eighth embodiment.
In the eighth embodiment, the protective layer 48 and the cathode electrode 24 are formed on the electrolyte portion 23 by the same processes as in FIGS. 9A to 9C. The protective layer 48 is made of a material having proton conductivity. Form. The protective layer 48 can be formed by, for example, applying a paste containing fine particles of a ceramic proton conductor similar to that of the electrolyte layer 21, but it is not necessarily required to be formed of the same type of proton conductor as the electrolyte layer 21. Absent.
After the paste is applied, the whole is fired once to complete the porous protective layer 48, and then the cathode electrode 24 may be further formed by plating or the like. Alternatively, after the paste for forming the protective layer 48 is applied, a paste containing an electrode material for forming the cathode electrode 24 is further applied, and then the whole is baked to complete the MEA. good.
According to the MEA manufacturing method of the eighth embodiment, when the cathode electrode 24 is formed, the protective layer 48 is interposed between the cathode electrode 24 and the electrolyte portion 23, and thus the electrolyte layer 21 has micropores. In addition, it is possible to prevent the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 from being short-circuited in the fine holes. Furthermore, since the protective layer 48 is not removed in the eighth embodiment, a short circuit between the cathode electrode 24 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 can be prevented more reliably. Here, since the protective layer 48 provided in the eighth embodiment has proton conductivity, it functions as a part of the electrolyte in the same manner as the electrolyte layer 21 when the fuel cell generates power.
C-8. Ninth embodiment:
FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing the main part of the process of manufacturing the MEA 640 of the ninth embodiment. When manufacturing the MEA 640, first, the electrolyte part 23 is formed in the same manner as in Step S 100 and Step S 110 of FIG. 2, and then the cathode electrode 624 is formed on the electrolyte layer 21. Here, the cathode electrode 624 is formed using particles having a particle size larger than the width of the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21. FIG. 10 shows a state in which the cathode electrode 624 is formed with the above-described large particles using PVD.
As a method of forming the cathode electrode 624 with particles having a large particle diameter, for example, arc ion plating that generates clusters of various sizes including droplets and cluster beam deposition are effective. According to arc ion plating, the particle size during film formation can usually be several nm or more, and according to cluster beam deposition, the particle size during film formation can usually be several μm or more. it can. In each method, the particle size at the time of film formation can be further controlled by adjusting the conditions at the time of film formation such as applied voltage. Therefore, the method for forming the cathode electrode 624 is selected from the above film forming methods in consideration of the width of the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21 and the cost at the time of film formation, and film formation conditions such as voltage are appropriately set. That's fine. Further, when forming the cathode electrode 624 by these methods, if the cluster size is selected by a Wien filter, the particle size at the time of film formation can be made closer to a desired size. With such a manufacturing method, the cathode electrode 624 can be formed without allowing the electrode material to enter the micropores by controlling the particle size during film formation between several nanometers and several micrometers.
According to the manufacturing method of the MEA 640 of the ninth embodiment, the cathode electrode 624 is formed by using particles having a particle size larger than the width of the micropores, so that the cathode electrode 624 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 are short-circuited. Can be prevented.
Note that a method other than PVD may be used as a method of forming the cathode electrode 624 using particles having a particle size larger than the width of the micropores. For example, an electrode material made of a noble metal such as Pt is prepared in a state of fine particles having a particle diameter larger than the width of the fine holes, and is made into a paste using a solvent such as water that can be removed by firing. The cathode electrode 624 may be formed by applying this paste on the electrolyte layer 21 and removing the solvent by baking to form a porous body. Alternatively, the cathode electrode 624 may be formed by applying a liquid phase method such as a sol-gel method or an emulsion method as a method for selectively generating large particles.
C-9. Tenth embodiment:
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a main part of a process for manufacturing the MEA 740 of the tenth embodiment. When the MEA 740 is manufactured, first, the electrolyte part 23 is formed in the same manner as in Step S100 and Step S110 of FIG. 2, and then the cathode electrode 724 is formed on the electrolyte layer 21. Here, the cathode electrode 724 is formed by applying fine particles made of a noble metal such as Pt on the electrolyte layer 21 in a paste state using a solvent such as water that can be removed by firing, and removing the solvent by firing. It is formed by making it a porous body. At this time, the paste is prepared to have a sufficiently high viscosity to prevent the paste from entering the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21 and contacting the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 when applied on the electrolyte layer 21. To do. The viscosity of the paste can be adjusted by the composition state of the paste (the type of solvent used, the content of fine particles in the paste, the type of noble metal constituting the fine particles, the particle size of the noble metal fine particles, etc.) or the temperature of the paste. In general, the higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity. Therefore, in order to form the cathode electrode 724 that does not cause a short circuit with the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22, a desirable paste configuration state and / or paste temperature may be experimentally obtained in advance. That is, various paste constituent states and / or paste temperatures with respect to the electrolyte part 23 having an electrolyte layer having a micropore formed in a predetermined range and having a predetermined thickness and having a predetermined thickness. The cathode electrode is formed by the above, and the paste conditions for forming the cathode electrode that does not cause a short circuit may be determined. FIG. 11 shows a state in which a paste is applied on the electrolyte layer 21. FIG. 11A shows a state in which the paste whose viscosity is adjusted as described above is applied, and FIG. 11B shows that when the paste having a lower viscosity is applied, the paste becomes the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22. Shows contact. After the paste is applied, the entire paste is baked to remove the solvent in the paste, whereby the applied paste layer can be made into a porous cathode electrode 724.
According to such a manufacturing method, by adjusting the viscosity of the paste, the paste applied on the electrolyte layer 21 can be prevented from entering the micropores, so that the cathode electrode 624 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 are formed. Short circuit can be prevented. In this example, the viscosity of the paste is adjusted to prevent the paste from entering the micropores. Therefore, as in the ninth example, the particle size of the noble metal particles for producing the paste is set to a predetermined value. There is no need to make more than this.
C-10. Eleventh embodiment:
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of manufacturing the MEA 840 of the eleventh embodiment. When manufacturing the MEA 840, first, an electrode material layer 52 for forming the cathode electrode 824 is formed on the predetermined transfer plate 50 (FIG. 12A). Separately, the electrolyte part 23 is formed in the same manner as in Step S100 and Step S110 of FIG. 2 (FIG. 12B). Thereafter, the electrode material layer 52 on the transfer plate 50 is overlaid on the electrolyte layer 21, the electrode material layer 52 is transferred onto the electrolyte layer 21, and the electrode material layer 52 is formed with the cathode electrode 824 (FIG. 12 ( C)), the MEA 840 is completed (FIG. 12D).
Here, in order to form the electrode material layer 52, a metal thin film made of a noble metal such as Pt or Pd may be formed on the transfer plate 50 by, for example, PVD or CVD. In this case, when the metal thin film is formed of Pd, it may be a dense film or a porous film by forming it sufficiently thin. Alternatively, when the metal thin film is formed of a noble metal such as Pt that does not have hydrogen permeability, a porous film may be used. Further, a layer containing fine particles made of the noble metal may be formed on the transfer plate 50 as the electrode material layer 52 by slurry coating or screen printing.
The electrode material layer 52 can be transferred onto the electrolyte layer 21 by heating and / or pressurization. When the electrode material layer 52 is formed as a metal thin film, the cathode material 524 is formed by transferring the electrode material layer 52 onto the electrolyte layer 21. When the electrode material layer 52 is formed by slurry coating or screen printing, the porous cathode electrode 524 is formed by removing the solvent in the electrode material layer 52 by performing baking prior to transfer or after transfer. Can be formed.
According to the manufacturing method of the MEA 840 of the eleventh embodiment, the electrode material particles constituting the electrolyte layer material layer 52 have a bonding force between the particles by film formation prior to being disposed on the electrolyte layer 21. Since it is raised, when it is disposed on the electrolyte layer 21, it can be prevented from entering the micropores of the electrolyte layer 21. Therefore, a short circuit between the cathode electrode 824 and the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 can be prevented.
It is also possible to form the cathode electrode by combining the methods of the embodiments described above. For example, any one of the manufacturing methods of the ninth to eleventh embodiments can be combined with any one of the manufacturing methods of the third to fifth embodiments. In other words, it is possible to prevent the electrode material from entering the micropores by adjusting the size of the conductive particles for forming the electrode and the viscosity of the paste, or by previously forming a conductive layer for forming the electrode. The manufacturing method described above can be combined with a manufacturing method in which an insulating substance is filled in the fine holes prior to forming the cathode electrode. Thereby, a short circuit between the cathode electrode and the hydrogen permeable metal layer can be prevented more reliably.
In the single cell 20 shown in FIG. 1, a hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 serving as a base material for forming the electrolyte layer 21 is disposed on the anode side, and the noble metal layer formed on the electrolyte layer 21 is used as a cathode electrode. However, the arrangement on the anode side and the arrangement on the cathode side may be interchanged. That is, the hydrogen permeable metal layer 22 in any of the embodiments described above may be used as the cathode electrode of the fuel cell, and the noble metal layer formed on the electrolyte layer 21 side of the electrolyte part 23 may be used as the anode electrode. In this case, a catalyst layer may be further provided on the cathode side of the hydrogen permeable metal layer.
Alternatively, an electrolyte part including an electrolyte layer and a hydrogen permeable metal layer may include a plurality of electrolyte layers and / or hydrogen permeable metal layers. FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an outline of the configuration of the single cell 920 including the MEA 940 having a five-layer structure. The MEA 940 includes a base material layer 922 formed of a Group 5 metal or a Group 5 metal alloy, electrolyte layers 921 and 925 formed on both surfaces of the base material layer 922 and made of the same solid oxide as the electrolyte layer 21, Furthermore, coating layers 924 and 926 made of Pd or Pd alloy are provided on the outer surfaces thereof. Even in such a case, the same effect can be obtained by applying the present invention. That is, after forming the electrolyte layers 921 and 925 on both surfaces of the base material layer 922, respectively, the coating layers 926 are respectively formed on the electrolyte layers 921 and 925 by the same method as the cathode electrode in any of the first to eleventh embodiments. , 924 may be formed.
Also, various modifications can be made to the structure shown in FIG. 13. For example, one or both of the coating layers 924 and 926 may be omitted. When the coating layer is not provided, a catalyst layer may be provided on the surface of the electrolyte layer on the gas flow path side, and an electrode member made of a porous material may be disposed on the outer side so as to be in contact with the gas separator. Alternatively, in the structure shown in FIG. 13, one of the electrolyte layers 921 and 925 may be omitted.
In the embodiment, the short circuit prevention between the electrode and the hydrogen permeable metal layer has been described. However, in the fuel cell including a plurality of conductive layers or a plurality of electrolyte layers as described above, a conductive layer that does not function as an electrode. The present invention can also be applied when forming the film. Also in this case, it is possible to prevent a short circuit between the hydrogen permeable metal layer which is a base material of the electrolyte layer and the conductive layer provided on the electrolyte layer due to the micropores of the electrolyte layer. The same effect can be obtained that prevents the battery performance from being deteriorated by a short circuit inside the fuel cell.
2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an outline of a configuration of a single cell 20. FIG. It is explanatory drawing showing the manufacturing process of MEA40. It is explanatory drawing showing a mode that the cathode electrode 24 is formed. It is explanatory drawing showing the principal part of the manufacturing method of MEA40 in the fuel cell of 2nd Example. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which expands and shows the principal part of MEA140. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which expands and shows the principal part of MEA240. It is explanatory drawing which shows the process of producing MEA340 of 5th Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the process of producing MEA440 of 6th Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the process of producing MEA540 of 7th Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of the process of producing MEA640 of 9th Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of the process of producing MEA740 of 10th Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the process of producing MEA840 of 11th Example. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the outline of a structure of the single cell 920 provided with MEA940.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20,920 ... Single cell 21 ... Electrolyte layer 22 ... Hydrogen permeable metal layer 23 ... Electrolyte part 24,524,624,724,824 ... Cathode electrode 27, 29 ... Gas separator 30 ... Fuel gas flow path in single cell 32 ... Single cell oxidizing gas flow path 40,140,240,340,440,540,640,740,840,940 ... MEA
42 ... Insulating particles 44 ... Insulating coating 45 ... Metal layer 46 ... Insulating layer 47 ... Fine particles 48 ... Protective layer 50 ... Transfer plate 52 ... Electrolyte layer material layer 52 ... Electrode material layer 921, 925 ... Electrolyte layer 922 ... Base material Layer 924, 926 ... coating layer
A method for producing a solid oxide fuel cell comprising: a hydrogen permeable metal layer containing a hydrogen permeable metal; and an electrolyte layer disposed on the hydrogen permeable metal layer and having proton conductivity.
(B) Electrical connection between the conductive layer having conductivity on the electrolyte layer formed in the step (a) and the hydrogen permeable metal layer through the micropores of the electrolyte layer. And a step of forming the fuel cell so as to be blocked.
A method of manufacturing a fuel cell according to claim 1,
The method for manufacturing a fuel cell, wherein the conductive layer is an electrode.
A method for producing a fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2,
The step (b) is performed by discharging a conductive material in a direction perpendicular to the electrolyte layer toward the electrolyte layer, and forming the conductive layer thinner than the electrolyte layer. Production method.
In the step (b), the conductive material is directed toward the electrolyte layer at an angle at which adhesion of the conductive material to the surface of the hydrogen permeable metal layer exposed in the micropores of the electrolyte layer is blocked. A method of manufacturing a fuel cell, which is executed by forming the conductive layer.
A method for producing a fuel cell according to claim 3 or 4,
In the step (b), the conductive layer is formed by a vacuum deposition method.
(B-2) A method of manufacturing a fuel cell, comprising: forming the conductive layer on the electrolyte layer in which the insulating portion is formed in the step (b-1).
A method of manufacturing a fuel cell according to claim 6,
In the step (b-1), the insulating part is formed by embedding insulating fine particles in the fine holes.
In the step (b-1), the interior of the fine hole is plated with an insulating material to form the insulating portion.
(B-1-2) A step of oxidizing the metal coating layer to form the insulating portion.
(B-3) A step of removing the fine particles from the fine holes after the step (b-2). A method for producing a fuel cell.
A method of manufacturing a fuel cell according to claim 10,
In the step (b-3), the fine particles are removed by a chemical method.
In the step (b-3), the fine particles are removed by a physical method.
To (b-2) the protective layer, and forming the conductive layer,
(B-3) A method of manufacturing a fuel cell , comprising removing the protective layer and fixing the conductive layer to the electrolyte layer .
(B-2) forming the conductive layer on the protective layer , and
The method for manufacturing a fuel cell, wherein the protective layer is formed of an insulating material having proton conductivity .
In the step (b), the conductive layer is formed by covering the electrolyte layer with a conductive material having a particle size larger than the width of the micropores of the electrolyte layer.
A method for producing a fuel cell according to claim 15 , comprising:
The method (b) is a method of manufacturing a fuel cell, wherein the electrolyte layer is coated with the conductive material using any method selected from arc ion plating, emulsion deposition, and cluster beam deposition.
In the step (b), a paste containing a conductive substance for forming the conductive layer on the electrolyte layer and having a predetermined viscosity that can prevent the electrolyte layer from entering the micropores. A method for producing a fuel cell, comprising a step of applying.
(B-2) A step of transferring the conductive film onto the electrolyte layer to form the conductive layer.
A solid oxide fuel cell comprising: a hydrogen permeable metal layer containing a hydrogen permeable metal; and an electrolyte layer disposed on the hydrogen permeable metal layer and having proton conductivity.
A fuel cell manufactured by the method for manufacturing a fuel cell according to any one of claims 3 to 12 and 14 to 16 .
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