Source: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title22/html/USCODE-2010-title22-chap35.htm
Timestamp: 2018-02-22 15:15:25
Document Index: 587879808

Matched Legal Cases: ['§102', '§2', '§144', '§703', '§102', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§719', '§1000', '§1101', '§701', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§101', '§1', '§101', '§1223', '§1000', '§1421', '§139', '§1204', '§1811', '§1304', '§1304', '§734', '§103', '§3', '§103', '§1223', '§1223', '§201', '§27', '§2', '§6', '§103', '§708', '§201', '§1223', '§1223', '§202', '§28', '§3', '§719', '§202', '§1223', '§1223', '§301', '§31', '§5', '§3', '§4', '§719', '§301', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§302', '§32', '§302', '§1223', '§1223', '§303', '§33', '§3', '§709', '§303', '§1223', '§2602', '§1223', '§304', '§34', '§710', '§304', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§305', '§36', '§146', '§1', '§704', '§305', '§1223', '§1223', '§719', '§1', '§306', '§37', '§4', '§712', '§306', '§1223', '§1000', '§1115', '§1000', '§1115', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§307', '§38', '§713', '§307', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§401', '§41', '§1', '§5', '§401', '§715', '§401', '§1223', '§5', '§6', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§402', '§44', '§401', '§402', '§1223', '§651', '§403', '§51', '§717', '§828', '§403', '§1223', '§1000', '§1113', '§1103', '§1000', '§1113', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§828', '§1000', '§1118', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223', '§401', '§401', '§401', '§401', '§8033', '§1223', '§1223', '§1223']

CHAPTER 35 - ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT
(Pub. L. 87–297, title I, §102, formerly §2, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 94–141, title I, §144, Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §§703, 719(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 491, 501; renumbered §102 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(1), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–768, 2681–772.)
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(1)(A), in first undesignated par., substituted “addressing” for “creating a new agency of peace to deal with”.
Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(1)(B), struck out second undesignated par. which read as follows: “Arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy, being an important aspect of foreign policy, must be consistent with national security policy as a whole. The formulation and implementation of United States arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy in a manner which will promote the national security can best be insured by a central organization charged by statute with primary responsibility for this field. This organization must have such a position within the Government that it can provide the President, the Secretary of State, other officials of the executive branch, and the Congress with recommendations concerning United States arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy, and can assess the effect of these recommendations upon our foreign policies, our national security policies, and our economy.”
Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(1)(C), in last undesignated par., in introductory provisions, substituted “The Secretary of State” for “This organization”, substituted “The Secretary shall have” for “It shall have”, and struck out “and the Secretary of State” after “the President”, in subpar. (1) inserted “, nonproliferation,” after “arms control”, redesignated subpar. (3) as (2) and struck out former subpar. (2) which read as follows: “When directed by the President, the preparation for, and management of, United States participation in international negotiations and implementation fora in the nonproliferation field.”, redesignated subpar. (4) as (3) and struck out “, as appropriate,” before “direction of”, and redesignated subpar. (5) as (4).
1994—Pub. L. 103–236, §719(a), inserted “, nonproliferation,” after “Arms control” in second undesignated par. and after “arms control” wherever appearing in second and third undesignated pars.
1975—Pub. L. 94–141 substituted “It shall have the authority, under the direction of the President and the Secretary of State,” for “It must be able”.
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, §1101], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–485, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 2652c and 2797b–2 of this title and section 1526 of Title 50, War and National Defense, amending sections 2577, 2593a, 2797b, 2797b–1, 2797c, and 3282 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2593a, 2652c, 3282, 5601, 5853, and 6723 of this title and section 7704 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 2155 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Nonproliferation Act of 1999’.”
Section 701(a) of Pub. L. 103–236 provided that: “This part [part A (§§701–719) of title VII of Pub. L. 103–236, enacting sections 2578 and 2593a to 2593d of this title, amending this section, sections 2562, 2565 to 2568, 2571, 2573 to 2577, 2579, 2581, 2585, 2591, 2593, 2791, 2797, and 2797b of this title, section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 2139a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 2578, 2589, 2590, and 2592 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Nonproliferation Act of 1994’.”
Pub. L. 101–216, §1, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1853, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 2577a and 2595 to 2595c of this title, amending sections 2563, 2567, 2588, and 2589 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2565 and 2567 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disarmament Amendments Act of 1989’.”
Pub. L. 100–213, §1, Dec. 24, 1987, 101 Stat. 1444, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 2578, 2579, and 2593 of this title, amending sections 2589 and 2592 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2578 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disarmament Amendments Act of 1987’.”
Pub. L. 97–339, §1, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1635, provided: “That this Act [amending sections 2571, 2585, and 2589 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disarmament Amendments Act of 1982’.”
Pub. L. 95–108, §1, Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 871, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 2567 and 2577 of this title and amending sections 2571, 2581, and 2589 of this title and section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disarmament Act Amendments of 1977’.”
Pub. L. 87–297, title I, §101, formerly §1, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 631, as renumbered §101 by Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–772, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disarmament Act’.”
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XII, subtitle F], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–508, provided that:
“This subtitle may be cited as the ‘International Arms Sales Code of Conduct Act of 1999’.
“SEC. 1262. INTERNATIONAL ARMS SALES CODE OF CONDUCT.
“(a) Negotiations.—The President shall attempt to achieve the foreign policy goal of an international arms sales code of conduct. The President shall take the necessary steps to begin negotiations within appropriate international fora not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1999]. The purpose of these negotiations shall be to establish an international regime to promote global transparency with respect to arms transfers, including participation by countries in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, and to limit, restrict, or prohibit arms transfers to countries that do not observe certain fundamental values of human liberty, peace, and international stability.
“(b) Criteria.—The President shall consider the following criteria in the negotiations referred to in subsection (a):
“(1) Promotes democracy.—The government of the country—
“(A) was chosen by and permits free and fair elections;
“(B) promotes civilian control of the military and security forces and has civilian institutions controlling the policy, operation, and spending of all law enforcement and security institutions, as well as the armed forces;
“(C) promotes the rule of law and provides its nationals the same rights that they would be afforded under the United States Constitution if they were United States citizens; and
“(D) promotes the strengthening of political, legislative, and civil institutions of democracy, as well as autonomous institutions to monitor the conduct of public officials and to combat corruption.
“(2) Respects human rights.—The government of the country—
“(A) does not persistently engage in gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, including—
“(i) extrajudicial or arbitrary executions;
“(ii) disappearances;
“(iii) torture or severe mistreatment;
“(iv) prolonged arbitrary imprisonment;
“(v) systematic official discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, national origin, or political affiliation; and
“(vi) grave breaches of international laws of war or equivalent violations of the laws of war in internal armed conflicts;
“(B) vigorously investigates, disciplines, and prosecutes those responsible for gross violations of internationally recognized human rights;
“(C) permits access on a regular basis to political prisoners by international humanitarian organizations;
“(D) promotes the independence of the judiciary and other official bodies that oversee the protection of human rights;
“(E) does not impede the free functioning of domestic and international human rights organizations; and
“(F) provides access on a regular basis to humanitarian organizations in situations of conflict or famine.
“(3) Not engaged in certain acts of armed aggression.—The government of the country is not engaged in acts of armed aggression in violation of international law.
“(4) Not supporting terrorism.—The government of the country does not provide support for international terrorism.
“(5) Not contributing to proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.—The government of the country does not contribute to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
“(6) Regional location of country.—The country is not located in a region in which arms transfers would exacerbate regional arms races or international tensions that present a danger to international peace and stability.
“(1) Report relating to negotiations.—Not later than 6 months after the commencement of the negotiations under subsection (a), and not later than the end of every 6-month period thereafter until an agreement described in subsection (a) is concluded, the President shall report to the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate on the progress made during these negotiations.
“(2) Human rights reports.—In the report required in sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(b) and 2304(b)), the Secretary of State shall describe the extent to which the practices of each country evaluated meet the criteria in paragraphs (1)(A) and (2) of subsection (a).”
Section 702 of Pub. L. 103–236 stated congressional declarations and purposes of amendments by part A of title VII of Pub. L. 103–236 (see Short Title of 1994 Amendment note above) to strengthen United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and to improve congressional oversight of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament activities of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and of Agency's operating budget.
Section 717(b) of Pub. L. 103–236 provided that not later than Dec. 31, 1995, Director of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency was to submit to Congress a detailed report describing actions undertaken to revitalize United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
Pub. L. 102–228, title II, Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1693, as amended by Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XIV, §1421(a)(2), (3), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2565; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §139(17), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XII, §1204, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 470; Pub. L. 110–53, title XVIII, §1811(1), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 492; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XIII, §1304(a)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 412, provided that:
“part a—short title
“This title may be cited as the ‘Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991’.”
“part b—findings and program authority
“[SEC. 211. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XIII, §1304(a)(1)(A), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 412.]
“SEC. 212. AUTHORITY FOR PROGRAM TO FACILITATE SOVIET WEAPONS DESTRUCTION.
“(a) In General.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may establish a program as authorized in subsection (b) to assist Soviet weapons destruction. Funds for carrying out this program shall be provided as specified in part C.
“(b) Type of Program.—The program under this section shall be limited to cooperation among the United States, the Soviet Union, its republics, and any successor entities to (1) destroy nuclear weapons, chemical weapons, and other weapons, (2) transport, store, disable, and safeguard weapons in connection with their destruction, and (3) establish verifiable safeguards against the proliferation of such weapons. Such cooperation may involve assistance in planning and in resolving technical problems associated with weapons destruction and proliferation. Such cooperation may also involve the funding of critical short-term requirements related to weapons destruction and should, to the extent feasible, draw upon United States technology and United States technicians.
“part c—administrative and funding authorities
“SEC. 221. ADMINISTRATION OF NUCLEAR THREAT REDUCTION PROGRAMS.
“(1) Transfer authority.—The President may, to the extent provided in an appropriations Act or joint resolution, transfer to the appropriate defense accounts from amounts appropriated to the Department of Defense for fiscal years 1992 and 1993 for operation and maintenance or from balances in working capital accounts established under section 2208 of title 10, United States Code, not to exceed $800,000,000 for use in reducing the Soviet military threat under part B.
“(2) Limitation.—Amounts for transfers under paragraph (1) may not be derived from amounts appropriated for any activity of the Department of Defense that the Secretary of Defense determines essential for the readiness of the Armed Forces, including amounts for—
“(A) training activities; and
“(B) depot maintenance activities.
“(b) Department of Defense.—The Department of Defense shall serve as the executive agent for any program established under part B.
“(c) Reimbursement of Other Agencies.—The Secretary of Defense may reimburse other United States Government departments and agencies under this section for costs of participation, as directed by the President, only in a program established under part B.
“(d) Charges Against Funds.—The value of any material from existing stocks and inventories of the Department of Defense, or any other United States Government department or agency, that is used in providing assistance under part B to reduce the Soviet military threat may not be charged against funds available pursuant to subsection (a) to the extent that the material contributed is directed by the President to be contributed without subsequent replacement.
“(e) Determination by Director of OMB.—No amount may be obligated for the program under part B for fiscal year 1992 or fiscal year 1993 unless expenditures for that program for that fiscal year have been determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to be counted against the defense category of the discretionary spending limits for that fiscal year (as defined in section 601(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 665(a)(2)]) for purposes of part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 900 et seq.].
“SEC. 222. REPAYMENT ARRANGEMENTS.
“(a) Reimbursement Arrangements.—Assistance provided under part B to the Soviet Union, any of its republics, or any successor entity shall be conditioned, to the extent that the President determines to be appropriate after consultation with the recipient government, upon the agreement of the recipient government to reimburse the United States Government for the cost of such assistance from natural resources or other materials available to the recipient government.
“(b) Natural Resources, Etc.—The President shall encourage the satisfaction of such reimbursement arrangements through the provision of natural resources, such as oil and petroleum products and critical and strategic materials, and industrial goods. Materials received by the United States Government pursuant to this section that are suitable for inclusion in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve or the National Defense Stockpile may be deposited in the reserve or stockpile without reimbursement. Other material and services received may be sold or traded on the domestic or international market with the proceeds to be deposited in the General Fund of the Treasury.
“SEC. 223. DIRE EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS.
“It is the sense of the Senate that the committee of conference on House Joint Resolution 157 [enacted into law as Pub. L. 102–229] should consider providing the necessary authority in the conference agreement for the President to transfer funds pursuant to this title.
“part d—reporting requirements
“SEC. 231. PRIOR NOTICE OF OBLIGATIONS TO CONGRESS.
“Not less than 15 days before obligating any funds for a program under part B, the President shall transmit to the Congress a report on the proposed obligation. Each such report shall specify—
“(1) the account, budget activity, and particular program or programs from which the funds proposed to be obligated are to be derived and the amount of the proposed obligation; and
“(2) the activities and forms of assistance under part B for which the President plans to obligate such funds.”
[Memorandum of President of the United States, May 10, 1996, 61 F.R. 26033, delegated to Secretary of State authority and duty of President under section 211(c) of Pub. L. 102–228 set out above.]
“(a) It is the sense of the Congress that the recent growth in international transfers of conventional arms to developing nations—
“(1) is a cause for grave concern for the United States and other nations in that in particular areas of the world it increases the danger of potential violence among nations, and diverts scarce world resources from more peaceful uses; and
“(2) could be controlled progressively through negotiations and agreements among supplier and recipient nations.
“(b) Therefore, the President is urged to propose to the Geneva Conference of the Committee on Disarmament that it consider as a high priority agenda item discussions among participating nations of that Conference for the purposes of—
“(1) agreeing to workable limitations on conventional arms transfers; and
“(2) establishing a mechanism through which such limitations could be effectively monitored.
“(c) [Repealed. Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §734(a)(8), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560.]”
(Pub. L. 87–297, title I, §103, formerly §3, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 631; renumbered §103 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(2), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681–772.)
1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(2), struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: “The term ‘Agency’ means the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.”
(Pub. L. 87–297, title II, §201, formerly §27, as added Pub. L. 95–108, §2(a), Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 871; amended Pub. L. 98–202, §6(a), Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1382; Pub. L. 101–216, title I, §103(a), Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1853; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §708(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 493; renumbered §201 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(4), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681–772.)
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(4), struck out “One such Representative may serve in the Agency as Chief Science Advisor.” after “rank of ambassador.” and “, acting through the Director” after “Secretary of State”, and substituted “Department of State” for “Agency”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–236 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “The President may appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, two Special Representatives for Arms Control and Disarmament Negotiations, one of whom should serve as special representative for conventional arms control negotiations, and the other should serve as special representative and chief science advisor to the Director. The two Special Representatives shall perform their duties and exercise their powers under the direction of the President and the Secretary of State, acting through the Director.”
1989—Pub. L. 101–216 substituted “, one of whom should serve as special representative for conventional arms control negotiations, and the other should serve as special representative and chief science advisor to the Director. The two Special Representatives shall perform their duties and exercise their powers under the direction of the President and the Secretary of State, acting through the Director” for “who shall perform such duties and exercise such powers (under the direction of the President and the Secretary of State, acting through the Director) as the Director may prescribe with respect to international arms control and disarmament negotiations and matters relating thereto”.
1983—Pub. L. 98–202 substituted “two Special Representatives” for “a Special Representative”.
Section 103(b) of Pub. L. 101–216 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to individuals who are appointed as Special Representatives on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 11, 1989].”
(Pub. L. 87–297, title II, §202, formerly §28, as added Pub. L. 98–202, §3, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1381; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §719(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 501; renumbered §202 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(5), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681–772.)
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(5), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” and “Department of State's” for “Agency's”, substituted “Department of State” for “Agency” in two places, and struck out at end “Fellows shall be chosen by a board consisting of the Director, who shall be the chairperson, and all former Directors of the Agency.”
1994—Pub. L. 103–236 substituted “fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament” for “field of arms control and disarmament” in first sentence and inserted “, nonproliferation,” after “participation in the arms control” in second sentence.
(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §301, formerly §31, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 633; Pub. L. 88–186, §5, Nov. 26, 1963, 77 Stat. 342; Pub. L. 95–108, §3, Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 871; Pub. L. 97–339, §4, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1636; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §719(c), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 501; renumbered §301 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(6), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681–772.)
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(6)(A)–(E), in introductory provisions, inserted “this subchapter in” after “powers in”, substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” wherever appearing and “ensure” for “insure” in two places, struck out “in accordance with procedures established under section 2575 of this title” after “other Government agencies”, and substituted “The authority of the Secretary under this chapter with respect to research, development, and other studies concerning arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament shall be limited to participation in the following:” for “The authority of the Director with respect to research, development, and other studies shall be limited to participation in the following insofar as they relate to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament:”.
Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(6)(F), inserted “and” at end.
Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(6)(B), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–236, in introductory provisions, substituted “fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament” for “field of arms control and disarmament” in three places, in first sentence, inserted “and nonproliferation” after “disarmament”, and in fourth sentence, inserted “, nonproliferation,” after “arms control” wherever appearing.
1982—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–339 inserted “and of all aspects of antisatellite activities”.
1977—Pub. L. 95–108 struck out “United States” before “private” in cl. (2) of opening par.
1963—Pub. L. 88–186 inserted “United States” before “private” in cl. (2) of opening par.
(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §302, formerly §32, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 634; renumbered §302 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(7), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681–772.)
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(7), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” and “section” for “subsection”.
(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §303, formerly §33, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 88–186, §3, Nov. 26, 1963, 77 Stat. 342; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §709, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 494; renumbered §303 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(8), (21), subdiv. B, title XXVI, §2602, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681–772, 2681–839.)
1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(8), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” and struck out “the Secretary of State,” after “the President,”.
(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §304, formerly §34, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §710, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 494; renumbered §304 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(9), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681–772.)
1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(A)(v), (vi), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 2567 of this title, and struck out “the” after “serve as” in second sentence.
Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(A)(iv), which directed amendment of subsec. (a) by striking “and shall have primary responsibility, whenever directed by the President, for the preparation, conduct, and management of the United States participation in international negotiations and implementation fora in the field of nonproliferation” before period at end of first sentence, was executed by striking language which did not include the word “the” before “United States” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(A)(i), (ii), in first sentence, substituted “The Secretary of State” for “The Director” and struck out “and the Secretary of State” after “the President”.
Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(A)(iii), which directed the insertion of “, nonproliferation,” after “fields of arms control”, was executed by making the insertion after “field of arms control” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(D), in introductory provisions, substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director”, redesignated pars. (2) and (3) as (1) and (2), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “for the purpose of conducting negotiations concerning arms control, nonproliferation, or disarmament or for the purpose of exercising any other authority given him by this chapter—
Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(B), struck out subsec. (b) which read as follows: “The Director shall perform functions pursuant to section 2(c) of the Reorganization Plan 8 of 1953 with respect to providing to the United States Information Agency official United States positions and policy on arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters for dissemination abroad.”
(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §305, formerly §36, as added Pub. L. 94–141, title I, §146, Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 758; amended Pub. L. 95–338, §1, Aug. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 458; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §§704(1), 719(e), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 492, 501; renumbered §305 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(10), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–770, 2681–772.)
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(10), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” wherever appearing and, in concluding provisions, struck out “, in accordance with the procedures established pursuant to section 2575 of this title,” after “detailed information”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–236, §719(e), substituted “information” for “impact information and analysis” in section catchline, redesignated subsec. (a) as entire section, and inserted “, nonproliferation,” after “arms control” in introductory provisions and par. (3).
1978—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 95–338, §1(1), substituted “technology with potential military application or weapons systems” for “weapons systems or technology”.
In making determinations under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary of State shall assume that all measures of concealment not expressly prohibited could be employed and that standard practices could be altered so as to impede verification.
(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §306, formerly §37, as added Pub. L. 95–108, §4, Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 871; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §712, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 495; renumbered §306 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(11), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–770, 2681–772; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, §1115], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–489.)
1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(7) [title XI, §1115(a)], struck out “adequately” before “verified” in introductory provisions.
1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(11)(A), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” in introductory provisions and par. (1) and substituted “Department of State” for “Agency” in par. (3).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(11)(A), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(11)(B), struck out heading and text of subsec. (d). Text read as follows: “In order to ensure adherence of the United States to obligations or commitments undertaken in arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements, and in order for the Director to make the assessment required by section 2593a(a)(5) of this title, the Director, or the Director's designee, shall participate in all interagency groups or organizations within the executive branch of Government that assess, analyze, or review United States planned or ongoing policies, programs, or actions that have a direct bearing on United States adherence to obligations undertaken in arms control, nonproliferation, or disarmament agreements.”
(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §307, formerly §38, as added Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §713(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 496; renumbered §307 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(12), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–770, 2681–772.)
1998—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(12)(A), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(12)(B), struck out heading and text of subsec. (c). Text read as follows: “In order to implement effectively this section, the Director shall ensure that Agency personnel participate throughout the negotiation and implementation phases of all arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements.”
utilize or employ the services, personnel, equipment, or facilities of any other Government agency, with the consent of the agency concerned, to perform such functions on behalf of the Department of State as may appear desirable. Any Government agency is authorized, not withstanding any other provision of law, to transfer to or to receive from the Secretary of State, without reimbursement, supplies and equipment other than administrative supplies or equipment. Transfer or receipt of excess property shall be in accordance with the provisions of chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41;
employ individuals of outstanding ability without compensation in accordance with the provisions of section 2160(b) of the Appendix to title 50 and regulations issued thereunder;
(Pub. L. 87–297, title IV, §401, formerly §41, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 635; Pub. L. 93–332, §1(a), July 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 289; Pub. L. 95–108, §5, Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 872; Pub. L. 102–228, title IV, §401(b), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1698; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §715, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 498; renumbered §401 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(13), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–770, 2681–772.)
In subsec. (a), “chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41” substituted for “the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended” on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, which Act enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(A), substituted “In addition to any authorities otherwise available, the Secretary of State in the performance of functions under this chapter” for “In the performance of his functions, the Director” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(B), (C), substituted “Department of State” for “Agency” and “Secretary of State” for “Director”, and struck out “It is the intent of this section that the Director rely upon the Department of State for general administrative services in the United States and abroad to the extent agreed upon between the Secretary of State and the Director.” after “may appear desirable.”
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(B), (D)(i), in introductory provisions, substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” and struck out “appoint officers and employees, including attorneys, for the Agency in accordance with the provisions of title 5 governing appointment in the competitive service, and fix their compensation in accordance with chapter 51 and with subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title, relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, except that the Director may, to the extent the Director determines necessary to the discharge of his responsibilities,” before “appoint and fix”.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(D)(ii), substituted “subsection” for “exception” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(B), (D)(iii), substituted “subsection” for “exception”, “Department of State's” for “Agency's”, and “positions allocated to carry out the purpose of this chapter” for “ceiling”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(B), substituted “Department of State” for “Agency”.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(G), amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows: “establish advisory boards to advise with and make recommendations to the Director on United States arms control and disarmament policy and activities. The members of such boards may receive the compensation and reimbursement for expenses specified for consultants by subsection (d) of this section;”.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(B), (E), (F), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g), substituted “Secretary of State's” for “Director's”, and struck out former subsec. (g) which read as follows: “permit, under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, any officer or employee of the Agency, in connection with the attendance by such officer or employee at meetings or in performing advisory services concerned with the functions or activities of the Agency, to accept payment, in cash or in kind, from any private agency or organization, or from any individual affiliated with such agency or organization, for travel and subsistence expenses, such payment to be retained by such officer or employee to cover the cost thereof or to be deposited to the credit of the appropriation from which the cost thereof is paid;”.
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(B), (F), (H), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h) and substituted “Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security” for “Deputy Director”, “Department of State” for “Agency”, and “Secretary of State” for “Director”. Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g).
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(13)(B), (F), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i) and substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director”. Former subsec. (i) redesignated (h).
1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–236 substituted “except that the Director may, to the extent the Director determines necessary to the discharge of his responsibilities, appoint and fix the compensation of employees possessing specialized technical expertise without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service and the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, if the Director ensures that—” for “except that during the 2-year period beginning on August 17, 1977, the Director may, to the extent he deems necessary to the discharge of his responsibilities, appoint and fix the compensation of officers and employees for the Agency without regard to such provisions, subject to the following requirements:”, added pars. (1) and (2), and struck out former pars. (1) to (3) which read as follows:
“(1) an officer or employee whose compensation is fixed under the foregoing exception may not be paid a salary at a rate in excess of the rate payable under such chapter 51 and such subchapter III for positions of equivalent difficulty or responsibility except for (A) those officers and employees whose compensation is fixed by law, and (B) scientific and technical personnel who may be compensated at a rate not to exceed the rate in effect for grade GS–18 of the General Schedule;
“(2) the Director shall make adequate provision for administrative review of any determination to suspend or dismiss any officer or employee appointed under the foregoing exception; and
“(3) an officer or employee of the Agency serving under a career or career conditional appointment on August 17, 1977, may not be involuntarily deprived, while employed by the Agency, of any rights normally granted such officer or employee in the competitive service;”.
1974—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–332 substituted “as authorized by section 3109 of title 5” for “as authorized by section 55a of title 5, at rates not to exceed $100 per diem for individuals”, “section 5703 of such title” for “section 73b–2 of title 5” and “130 days” for “one hundred days”.
(Pub. L. 87–297, title IV, §402, formerly §44, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 636; Pub. L. 88–448, title IV, §401(d), Aug. 19, 1964, 78 Stat. 490; renumbered §402 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(14), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–771, 2681–772.)
“Section 5532 of title 5” substituted in text for “section 201 of the Dual Compensation Act” [5 U.S.C. 3102], on authority of section 7(b) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, section 1 of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section 5532 of title 5 was repealed by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §651(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 664.
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, in section catchline, struck out “Conflict of interest and” before “dual compensation”, in first sentence, substituted “Members of advisory boards and consultants may serve as such without regard to any” for “The members of the General Advisory Committee created by section 2566 of this title, and the members of the advisory boards, the consultants, and the individuals of outstanding ability employed without compensation, all of which are provided in section 2581 of this title, may serve as such without regard to the provisions of section 281, 283, 284, or 1914 of title 18, or of section 190 of the Revised Statutes (5 U.S.C. 99), or of any other Federal law imposing restrictions, requirements, or penalties in relation to the employment of individuals, the performance of services, or the payment or receipt of compensation in connection with any claim, proceeding or matter involving the United States Government, except insofar as such provisions of law may prohibit any such individual from receiving compensation from a source other than a nonprofit educational institution in respect of any particular matter in which the Agency is directly interested. Nor shall such service be considered as employment or holding of office or position bringing such individual within the provisions of sections 3323(b) and 8344 of title 5, or any other”, and inserted at end “This section shall apply only to individuals carrying out activities related to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament.”
1964—Pub. L. 88–448 struck out provisions which stated that such service shall not be considered as employment or holding of office or position bringing such individual within the provisions of section 59a of title 5, and inserted “, subject to section 3102 of title 5”.
Not later than April 15 of each year, the President shall submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report prepared by the Secretary of State with the concurrence of the Director of Central Intelligence and in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on the status of United States policy and actions with respect to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament. Such report shall include—
The report required by this section shall be submitted in unclassified form, with classified annexes, as appropriate. The portions of this report described in paragraphs (4) and (5) of subsection (a) of this section shall summarize in detail, at least in classified annexes, the information, analysis, and conclusions relevant to possible noncompliance by other nations that are provided by United States intelligence agencies.
If the President in consecutive reports submitted to the Congress under this section reports that any designated nation is not in full compliance with its binding nonproliferation commitments to the United States, then the President shall include in the second such report an assessment of what actions are necessary to compensate for such violations.
Each report required by this section shall include a discussion of each significant issue described in subsection (a)(6) of this section that was contained in a previous report issued under this section during 1995, or after December 31, 1995, until the question or concern has been resolved and such resolution has been reported in detail to the appropriate committees of Congress (as defined in section 1102(1) of the Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Security Assistance Act of 1999).
(Pub. L. 87–297, title IV, §403, formerly §51, as added and amended Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §717(a)(3), title VIII, §828(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 498, 520; renumbered §403 and amended, Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(15), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–771, 2681–772; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, §1113], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–487; Pub. L. 107–228, div. B, title XI, §1103, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1426.)
1999—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(7) [title XI, §1113(a)(1)(A)–(C)], in introductory provisions, inserted “or commitments, including the Missile Technology Control Regime,” before “to which”, “or commitments” before “, and shall”, and “or commitment” before “about which”.
1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(15)(A)(ii), (iii), in introductory provisions, substituted “Secretary of State with the concurrence of the Director of Central Intelligence and in consultation with” for “Director, in consultation with the Secretary of State,” and “and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff” for “the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Director of Central Intelligence”.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(15)(A)(i), inserted “, nonproliferation,” after “arms control”.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(15)(A)(iv), (v), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “a detailed statement concerning the nonproliferation objectives of the executive branch of Government for the forthcoming year;”.
Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(15)(A)(i), inserted “, nonproliferation,” after “arms control”.
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(15)(A)(iv), (v), redesignated par. (6) as (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: “a detailed assessment of the status of any ongoing nonproliferation negotiations or other activities, including a comprehensive description of the negotiations or other activities during the preceding year and an appraisal of the status and prospects for the forthcoming year;”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(15)(B), inserted at end “The portions of this report described in paragraphs (4) and (5) of subsection (a) of this section shall summarize in detail, at least in classified annexes, the information, analysis, and conclusions relevant to possible noncompliance by other nations that are provided by United States intelligence agencies.”
1994—Subsec. (a)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 103–236, §828(a)(1)–(3), struck out “and” at end of par. (5), substituted “; and” for period at end of par. (6), and added par. (7).
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, §1118], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–489, provided that: “Whenever a United States delegation engaging in negotiations on arms control, nonproliferation, or disarmament submits to the Secretary of State a summary of the activities of the delegation or the status of those negotiations, a copy of each such summary shall be further transmitted by the Secretary of State to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and to the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives promptly.”
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(16), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” in first sentence.
(1) under this chapter, the Department of State is charged with the “formulation and implementation of United States arms control and disarmament policy in a manner which will promote the national security”;
1998—Par. (1). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(17)(A), substituted “Department of State” for “United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency”.
Par. (2). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(17)(B), (C), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “as defined in this chapter, the terms ‘arms control’ and ‘disarmament’ mean ‘the identification, verification, inspection, limitation, control, reduction, or elimination, of armed forces and armaments of all kinds under international agreement to establish an effective system of international control’;”.
Par. (4). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(17)(C), (D), redesignated par. (5) as (4) and substituted “paragraph (3)” for “paragraph (4)”. Former par. (4) redesignated (3).
Pars. (6), (7). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(17)(C), (E), redesignated par. (7) as (6) and struck out “United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the” before “Department of State”. Former par. (6) redesignated (5).
1993—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 103–199, §401(d)(1), substituted “Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, the Czech Republic, and Germany” for “the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and the German Democratic Republic”.
Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 103–199, §401(d)(2), struck out “Soviet” before “teams”.
Par. (4)(C). Pub. L. 103–199, §401(d)(3), substituted “Russia” for “the Soviet Union”.
Par. (4)(D). Pub. L. 103–199, §401(d)(4), struck out “Soviet” before “inspectors”.
Pub. L. 103–139, title VIII, §8033, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1447, provided that: “During the current fiscal year and thereafter, of the funds appropriated, reimbursable expenses incurred by the Department of Defense on behalf of the Soviet Union or its successor entities in monitoring United States implementation of the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range or Shorter-Range Missiles (‘INF Treaty’), concluded December 8, 1987, may be treated as orders received and obligation authority for the applicable appropriation, account, or fund increased accordingly. Likewise, any reimbursements received for such costs may be credited to the same appropriation, account, or fund to which the expenses were charged: Provided, That reimbursements which are not received within one hundred and eighty days after submission of an appropriate request for payment shall be subject to interest at the current rate established pursuant to section 2(b)(1)(B) of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (59 Stat. 526) [12 U.S.C. 635(b)(1)(B)]. Interest shall begin to accrue on the one hundred and eighty-first day following submission of an appropriate request for payment: Provided further, That funds appropriated in this Act [see Tables for classification] may be used to reimburse United States military personnel for reasonable costs of subsistence, at rates to be determined by the Secretary of Defense, incurred while accompanying Soviet Inspection Team members or inspection team members of the successor entities of the Soviet Union engaged in activities related to the INF Treaty: Provided further, That this provision includes only the in-country period (referred to in the INF Treaty) and is effective whether such duty is performed at, near, or away from an individual's permanent duty station.”
“(2) In light of the findings in paragraph (1) and the report submitted pursuant to section 909 of Public Law 100–456 [div. A, title IX, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2036] entitled ‘Report to the Congress on U.S. Monitoring and Verification Activities Related to the INF Treaty’ (submitted on July 27, 1989), Congress hereby determines that by locating the On-Site Inspection Agency within the Department of Defense for the purposes of administrative and logistic support and operational guidance, and integrating on-site inspection responsibilities under the INF Treaty with existing organizational activities of that Department, the President has been able to ensure that sensitive national security assets are protected and that obligations of the United States under that treaty are fulfilled in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
The Secretary of Defense should provide to OSIA appropriate policy guidance formulated through the interagency mechanism described in subsection (a) of this section and operational direction, consistent with section 113(b) of title 10.
The Secretary of State should provide to the interagency mechanism described in subsection (a) of this section appropriate recommendations for policy guidance to OSIA consistent with sections 2551(3) and 2574(b) of this title.
1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(18), in heading substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” and in text substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” and “2551(3) and 2574(b)” for “2551(d), 2562, and 2574(c)”.
1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(19) substituted section catchline for former section catchline “Improving congressional oversight of on-site inspection activities”, struck out subsec. (b) designation and heading, substituted “International Relations” for “Foreign Affairs”, and struck out heading and text of subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “Concurrent with the submission to the Congress of the request for authorization of appropriations for OSIA for fiscal year 1993, the President shall submit a report on OSIA to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committees on Armed Services of the House of Representatives and Senate. The report shall include a review of—
“(1) the history of OSIA, including how, when, and under what auspices it was established, including the applicable texts of the relevant executive orders;
“(2) the missions and tasks assigned to OSIA to date;
“(3) any additional missions and tasks likely to be assigned to OSIA during fiscal year 1993;
“(4) the budgetary history of OSIA; and
“(5) the extent to which OSIA plays a role in arms control policy formulation and operational implementation.”
(1) the term “INF Treaty” means the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (signed at Washington, December 8, 1987);
(2) the term “OSIA” means the On-Site Inspection Agency established by the President, or such other agency as may be designated by the President to carry out the on-site inspection provisions of the INF Treaty;
(3) the term “Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty” means the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes (signed at Washington and Moscow, May 28, 1976); and
(4) the term “Threshold Test Ban Treaty” means the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapons Tests (signed at Moscow, July 3, 1974).
1998—Par. (1). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(20), inserted “of America” after “United States”.