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Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements
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Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements
Safety and Service Division TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Publications K-Net Doc: 2003072 UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN PRINTED Issue Date: 20/08/2018 Doc. Owner: Traffic Engineering Standards Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 – Code of Technical Requirements AMENDMENT RECORD Date Section / Figure Amendment Description April 2017 Preface, Section 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.3, 2.7, 3.5, 4.2, 4.3, 5.2, 8.6.1, 10.1.1.2, 10.2, 10.4, 10.5, 10.10.4, 10.10.5, 10.10.8; Figures 8.5, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7; App A, App B Preface removed; Definition of traffic control device clarified to include road related area; signs requiring separate approval includes signs on DPTI sign index requiring Manager, Traffic Services approval; reference to W7-6 corrected; reference to electronic presentation of signs added; Give Way and Stop line set back aligned with AS 1742.2; use of Give Way at property access amended; examples of emu crossing operation during school hours added; gradient requirement for LATM devices such as slow points and driveway links aligned with Austroads; cross reference in Section 10.2 corrected; Reference to Artwork on Road Technical Note added; Raised pavements amended to cater for irregular intersection geometry; Landscaping requirement for driveway entries and links amended; Notes on raised pavement figures amended to be consistent with April 2016 amendment, Appendix B (School zone guidelines) included in Section 4.2, appendices renumbered.
August 2017 Section 4.2, 4.3, 8.4 Speed limits (School zones and buffers) deleted with content moved to Speed Limit Guideline for South Australia; clarify ramp grade requirements for wombat crossings Feb 2018 Section 2.3, 3.2, 3.7, 8.1.1, 9.1, 9.3, Figures 8.5, 8.6, App A Requirement for Stop / Slow bat sign when used at events added in accordance with the DPTI Guidelines for Events on SA Roads; Requirements for Give Way lines at slip lanes amended in accordance with the DPTI Pavement Marking Manual; Pavement marking on footpaths and shared paths added; Guidance on height of pedestrian fencing added; Reference to requirements of Austroads and AS 2890.5 added to parking zones established before Dec 1999; Requirements for reverse-in parking referred to Austroads; Correction to kerb extension reference on figures; August 2018 Section 2.2, 2.3, 2.4.1, 2.8, 6.1.4, 8.4, 10.6.1.1, Figure 8.2, Figure 10.5, Figure 10.6, Figure 10.7, App A R6-24 added to Signs not to be used list; Signs requiring separate approval list updated; Exception plate list updated; Signals Ahead (W3-3) sign and Event signs added to sign fluorescence list; U-turn permitted (R2-15) sign requirements added; 40 km/h at wombat crossing requirement amended; Road hump on side road (W3- SA4) sign requirements added; Note regarding use of W5-10 Road hump warning sign for raised pavement used in isolation added to raised pavement figures; Note regarding cyclist turning movements added to raised pavement figure This document has been prepared by Traffic Engineering Standards, Traffic Operations of the Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure (DPTI).
It has been approved and authorised for use by Councils, DPTI and its authorised agents by: Manager, Traffic Services 20 / 08 / 2018 Extracts may be reproduced providing the subject is kept in context and the source is acknowledged. Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. This document is subject to continual revision and may change. Feedback from users of this document is encouraged for consideration in the next revision. Comments can be emailed to DPTI.TASSAdminSupport@sa.gov.au.
For information regarding the interpretation of this document please contact: Traffic Engineering Standards, Traffic Operations, Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure Email: DPTI.TASSAdminSupport@sa.gov.au
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements Contents Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed ii 1. General . . 1 1.1. Scope . . 1 1.2. Reference documents . . 1 1.3. Definitions . . 2 1.4. Legal requirements .
. 3 1.5. Application of devices . . 6 1.6. Road safety . . 6 1.7. Accessible facilities . . 9 1.8. Lighting . . 10 2. Signs . . 11 2.1. General . . 11 2.2. Signs not to be used . . 11 2.3. Signs requiring separate approval . . 12 2.4. Auxiliary regulatory series . . 14 2.5. Sign size . . 15 2.6. Sign installation . . 15 2.7. Sign retroreflectivity and illumination . . 16 2.8. Sign fluorescence . . 17 3. Pavement markings and delineation . . 18 3.1. General . . 18 3.2. Pavement markings not to be used . . 18 3.3. Pavement markings requiring separate approval . . 18 3.4. Longitudinal lines .
. 19 3.5. Transverse lines . . 19 3.6. Pavement bars . . 19 3.7. Pavement markings on footpaths and shared paths . . 19 4. Speed control . . 20 4.1. General . . 20 5. Intersection control signs . . 21 5.1. GIVE WAY and STOP signs . . 21 5.2. Requirements for installation of GIVE WAY signs . . 21 5.3. Requirements for installation of STOP signs . . 22 6. Traffic signals . . 23 6.1. Intersection signals . . 23 6.2. Emergency services traffic signals . . 25 6.3. Flashing yellow traffic lights . . 25 7. Roundabouts . . 26 7.1. General . . 26 7.2. Design requirements . . 26 7.3. Construction . .
27 7.4. Signs . . 27
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements Contents Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed iii 7.5. Local street roundabouts . . 28 7.6. Off-street roundabouts . . 32 8. Pedestrian crossings . . 33 8.1. General . . 33 8.2. Pedestrian actuated traffic signals (mid-block . . 34 8.3. Pedestrian push-buttons . . 34 8.4. Wombat crossing (Raised pedestrian crossing . . 35 8.5. Zebra crossing (At-grade pedestrian crossing . . 37 8.6. Children’s crossings . . 38 8.7.
Pedestrian crossings in off-street areas . . 44 9. Parking . . 45 9.1. General . . 45 9.2. Parking control signs requiring separate approval . . 45 9.3. Angle parking . . 45 9.4. Centre-of-road parking . . 46 9.5. Temporary parking . . 46 10. Local Area Traffic Management . . 47 10.1. General . . 47 10.2. Perimeter thresholds . . 49 10.3. Contrasting pavements . . 50 10.4. Road murals . . 52 10.5. Raised pavements . . 53 10.6. Road humps . . 57 10.7. Road closures . . 62 10.8. Slow points . . 63 10.9. Centre blister . . 66 10.10. Driveway entries and links . . 70 11. Off-street traffic control .
. 82 11.1. General . . 82 12. Traffic control at works on roads . . 83 12.1. General . . 83 12.2. Speed limits at works on roads . . 83 Appendix A: Traffic control devices requiring separate approval . . 84 Appendix B: School zone sign . . 86 Appendix C: Emergency services traffic signal details . . 87 Appendix D: Guidelines for pedestrian crossings . . 88 Appendix E: Pedestrian and traffic surveys . . 90 Appendix F: Children’s crossing monitors . . 91 Appendix G: Operation of koala crossings . . 92 Appendix H: Koala crossing sign details . . 93 Appendix I: Standard Design Envelope . . 94
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed 1 1. General 1.1. Scope This Code of Technical Requirements (‘the Code’) sets out the mandatory requirements for the variations from the Australian Standards and Austroads Guides for the use of traffic control devices in South Australia. It forms Part 2 of the Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices (‘the Manual’). The Manual also contains Part 1: Legal Responsibilities (‘the Instruments’).
Traffic control devices shall be used only in accordance with this Code, the Australian Standards, Austroads Guides and the reference documents listed below. Where the Code varies from, or provides additional information to that contained in the Australian Standards and Austroads Guides, the Code shall take precedence. The Code amends some aspects of the Australian Standards and Austroads Guides where South Australia’s practices differ. This Code specifies:  selected values when a range is specified in Australian Standards;  signs and devices which shall not be used in South Australia;  signs and devices not covered in Australian Standards; and  other variations from the Australian Standards and Austroads Guides.
The Code applies to all roads and road-related areas under the Road Traffic Act 1961 (‘the Act’) (http://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/ROAD%20TRAFFIC%20ACT% 201961.aspx).
1.2. Reference documents The following documents shall be complied with in conjunction with this Code: Australian Standards: AS/NZS 1158 Lighting for roads and public spaces AS 1428 Design for Access and Mobility AS 1742 Manual of uniform traffic control devices (MUTCD) AS 1743 Road signs - Specifications AS 1744 Forms of letters and numerals for road signs AS/NZS 1906 Retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic control purposes AS/NZS 1906.1 Retroreflective sheeting AS/NZS 1906.2 Retroreflective devices (non-pavement) AS 2353 Pedestrian push-button assemblies AS 2876 Concrete kerbs and channels (gutters) - Manually or machine placed
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements General Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed 2 AS/NZS 2890.1 Parking facilities - Off-street car parking AS/NZS 2890.5 Parking facilities - On-street car parking AS/NZS 2890.6 Parking facilities - Off-street parking for people with disabilities AS/NZS 3845 Road safety barrier systems AS 4049 series Paint and related materials – Pavement marking materials AS 5156 Electronic speed limit signs Austroads Guides: Austroads Guide to Traffic Management Series Austroads Guide to Road Design Series Austroads Guide to Road Safety Series DPTI documents: SA Standards for Workzone Traffic Management Speed Limit Guideline for South Australia Operational Instructions Pavement Marking Manual Standard Road Signs Specifications Guidelines for Using Traffic Warning Devices – Stock on Road Guidelines for Disability Access in the Pedestrian Environment Guidelines for Events on SA Roads Road Sign Guidelines – Guide to visitor and services road signs in South Australia Artwork on Roads – Technical Note The DPTI documents can be accessed in the Publications section on the Technical Standards and Guidelines – Road and Traffic Management web page (http://www.dpti.sa.gov.au/standards/tass).
1.3. Definitions For the purpose of this Code, the following definitions apply: Arterial road: A road that predominantly carries through traffic from one region to another, forming principal avenues of travel for traffic movements. Council: A municipal or district council Local street: A road or street used primarily for access to abutting properties. May: indicates an option.
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements General Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed 3 Minister: The Minister responsible for the Road Traffic Act Non-standard: A device which is not specifically included in the Australian Standards, Austroads guides or this Code, or any variation of a device or its use from its specification in these documents.
Off-street: Any area off the general road network commonly used by the driving public or to which the driving public are permitted to have access, for example shopping centres, caravan parks, schools, National parks. Road authority: An authority, person or body that is responsible for the care, control or management of a road; or Any person or body prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this definition, in relation to specified roads or specified classes of roads. Shall: indicates a mandatory requirement.
Should: indicates a recommendation. Standard Design Envelope (SDE): A design tool consisting of two concentric arcs with an outer radius of 36 m and an inner radius of 34 m, used for local street roundabout, angled slow point and centre blister design. Traffic Control Device: A sign, signal, marking, structure or other device or thing, to direct or warn traffic on, entering or leaving a road, and includes - (a) a traffic cone, barrier, structure or other device or thing to wholly or partially close a road or part of a road; and (b) a parking ticket-vending machine and parking meter. In accordance with Section 6A of the Act, road includes road-related area.
1.4. Legal requirements Traffic control devices shall be installed, maintained, altered, operated and removed with the proper approval. Without this approval the person may be guilty of an offence under section 21 of the Road Traffic Act 1961 (‘the Act’) (http://www.legislation.sa.gov. au/LZ/C/A/ROAD%20TRAFFIC%20ACT%201961.aspx), which carries a maximum penalty of $5 000 or imprisonment for one year.
Under section 17 (1) and (2) of the Act, a road authority requires approval from the Minister to install, maintain, alter, operate or remove a traffic control device on, above or near a road. Under section 17 (3) of the Act, any authority, body or person requires approval from the Minister to install, display, alter, operate or remove traffic control devices in relation to works on road, temporary road closures, or for any temporary purposes. 1.4.1. Ministerial delegation The Minister has delegated powers and granted approvals by issuing Instruments to the following road authorities:
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements General Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed 4  Commissioner of Highways,  Commissioner of Police,  Councils,  Adelaide Airport Limited,  Railway owners accredited under the Rail Safety Act 2007, and  Board of the Botanic Gardens and Herbarium.
Where a road authority has not been issued an Instrument, they should approach Council in the first instance.
The Minister has delegated to Council the power to specifically approve some traffic control devices for other road authorities as defined by the Road Traffic Act 1961. Other road authorities may include those responsible for:  car parks,  universities,  national parks, or  community titles. The Commissioner of Highways’ delegation includes un-incorporated areas. The Commissioner of Highways has authorised some positions in DPTI to undertake various functions or powers delegated from the Minister, subject to conditions. Details are contained in their specific written Instrument. In another Instrument, the Commissioner has granted persons other than road authorities approval to temporarily install, maintain, alter, operate, display or remove traffic control devices.
All Instruments are contained in Part 1: Legal Responsibilities (‘the Instruments’) of the Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices. These Instruments specify the conditions of approval or authorisation, and the devices requiring separate approval. These approvals, authorisations and devices may vary for each Instrument. Therefore it is important for all parties to refer to their relevant Instrument to ensure they are complying within their legal authority.
One of the conditions of approval or authorisation is that all traffic control devices shall conform to the requirements of the Act, associated Rules and Regulations, and the Code.
Not complying with the details and conditions specified in the Instrument may mean the traffic control device is installed without proper authority, which is an offence under section 21 of the Act.
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements General Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed 5 1.4.2. Approval process The process to install, maintain, alter, operate, display or remove a traffic control device is contained in the Instrument issued from the Minister or the Commissioner of Highways to each authority. This process may vary depending on the function and type of device. Complying with all the conditions stated in the relevant section of the Instrument fulfils the authority's obligation and completes the process.
If the conditions in the Instrument cannot be met then the authority needs separate approval. The Commissioner of Highways will consider such requests. An application to the Commissioner of Highways shall include plans, supporting documentation and a traffic impact statement. The traffic control devices requiring separate approval of the Commissioner of Highways or authorised delegate are listed in Appendix A. 1.4.3. Traffic Impact Statement A Traffic Impact Statement (TIS) shall be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the relevant Instrument. Traffic control devices replaced or reinstated through general maintenance activities may be excluded from this requirement.
A TIS is a report indicating the traffic management and road safety effects for all road users, including cyclists and pedestrians, expected by the installation, operation, alteration or removal of a traffic control device. Almost all traffic control devices have an impact on road users and the way the road and the surrounding area can be used. A TIS explains both the positive and negative effects expected on all road users by implementing the proposed devices. A TIS is a source of information from which there should be a clear understanding of the proposal, the need for the proposal, the alternatives considered, any impacts that may occur and any measures to be taken to minimise those impacts.
A TIS provides a framework within which informed decision-makers may consider the traffic management aspects of the proposal in parallel with social, economic, technical and other factors. All relevant details of the proposal shall be provided in the TIS. These include:  background information detailing the intent of the proposed changes, and reasons for the installation, alteration or removal of the traffic control device;  the impacts and the likely effects of the traffic control device in the immediate vicinity of the device and where necessary, the wider area or road network;  identification and discussion of all the advantages and disadvantages;
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements General Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed 6  the options considered and the reasoning behind the selection of the proposed device, and rejection of other devices;  details of traffic re-distribution and generation;  identification of the risks associated with the proposal and an assessment of these risks;  expected time frame for the implementation of the proposed changes to traffic control devices, including any staging and timing details.
When preparing a TIS every effort should be made to use plain English. Technical terms should be kept to a minimum as the TIS could be read by non- technical persons.
The TIS need not be a lengthy document and will depend on the complexity of the proposal. The TIS template (http://www.dpti.sa.gov.au/?a=43141) should be used to assist in the preparation of a TIS. This template includes the certification and endorsement statements which reflect the requirements of the Instrument to Council. 1.4.4. Recordkeeping The road authority shall keep records of the times and dates that traffic control devices are installed, altered or removed. The road authority shall also retain records of any approval documentation associated with traffic control devices. 1.5. Application of devices Signs and other traffic control devices lose their effectiveness if used unnecessarily or too frequently.
Their use shall be restricted to the minimum required to aid the safe and orderly movement of road users. Application of this Code ensures the consistent use of traffic control devices across the state.
1.6. Road safety Traffic control devices should assist in the creation of a safer road environment. The incorrect or inappropriate installation of any traffic control device has the potential to create a hazard to road users due to:  misuse of the device;  incorrect installation;  inappropriate location of the device;  physical changes to the road environment;  driver’s perception; or
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements General Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed 7  legal implications under the Road Traffic Act 1961 (http://www.legislation.sa.gov.
au/LZ/C/A/ROAD%20TRAFFIC%20ACT%201961.aspx) It is important to select the most appropriate traffic control device(s) with consideration given to the likely impacts on all road users. Failure to do so may create potentially hazardous situations.
The preparation of a Traffic Impact Statement (refer to Section 1.4.3) should help to identify and address any potential safety implications of the proposed device. The use of traffic control devices should incorporate the safe system approach to road safety. The safe system approach acknowledges that human error is inevitable, and that when errors occur, the risk of serious injury or death should be minimised. Applying the safe system approach should assist in the creation of a forgiving road environment which takes into account human error and the physical tolerances of humans, allowing road users to survive and avoid serious injury in the event of a crash.
In a safe system, roads should be designed to reduce the incidence and severity of crashes through measures such as the provision of clear driver guidance, a forgiving roadside and management of speeds.
1.6.1. Road Safety Audits A Road Safety Audit may be conducted to formally examine the crash potential and safety performance of a proposed traffic control device installation. A Road Safety Audit is a formal, defined process, conducted by an independent, qualified team with the appropriate experience and training. A Road Safety Audit examines whether the road or treatment is fit for purpose and will perform safely for road users. It is not just a check for compliance with standards. A Road Safety Audit incorporates the safe system approach in ensuring that road elements which may contribute to crash occurrence or severity are identified and removed or treated.
It is up to individual road authorities to determine their own program of road safety audits. This should not necessarily be based on the scale of the project, rather the scale of the potential hazards which may be identified during the process. Projects should be audited earlier rather than later to enable the early elimination of potential safety problems. Austroads Guide to Road Safety Part 6: Road Safety Auditing provides further guidance on the Road Safety Audit process. A register of senior road safety auditors in South Australia is available on the DPTI Contracts & Tenders – Prequalification page under the Prequalification of Road Safety Auditors and Vehicle Route Assessors heading (http://www.dpti.sa.gov.au/contractor_documents/prequalification).
1.6.2. Treatment of hazards The installation, operation, maintenance, alteration or removal of a traffic control device may result in the identification of potential hazards to road users. The documents listed in Section 1.2 may assist with the assessment of various road safety hazards and the determination of treatment options. It is the
Manual of Legal Responsibilities and Technical Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements General Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure August 2018 Uncontrolled when printed 8 responsibility of the individual road authorities to assess and prioritise the various hazard treatment options and program the works accordingly. 1.6.3. Pedestrian related hazards Installation of traffic control devices shall not pose a hazard to pedestrians. An example of a common hazard for pedestrians is a channel which may be required for drainage between a kerb extension and an existing kerb.
Options to mitigate this hazard may include the use of fencing or vegetation to restrict pedestrian access, or covering of the channel or redirection of the drainage. Figure 1.1 Example of drainage treatment Any treatment to discourage pedestrians shall not itself form a hazard either to pedestrians or to other road users. For example, end treatments of channel covers may be hazardous to cyclists, or pedestrians may slip on a channel covering or trip over a fence if it is too low to be readily noticed. 1.6.4. Vegetation and other roadside hazards Landscaping and roadside furniture, including objects located on or near road- related areas such as rest areas, bicycle paths or car parks, shall not cause an unreasonable degree of hazard if struck by a vehicle.
The following conditions shall be met: (a) Landscaping, vegetation, structures or any object shall not diminish the sight distance to such an extent as to be a hazard. (b) Nothing may be placed in a position which would present an unreasonable degree of hazard if struck by an errant vehicle. This includes such items as: (i) non-frangible trees and shrubs, ie trees greater than 100 mm in diameter at the base;
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