Source: http://www.joeldufresnecase.com/supreme-court-opinions-federal/freedom-of-speech-1/keyishian-v-board-of-regents
Timestamp: 2018-11-19 21:52:37
Document Index: 307169546

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 105', '§ 105', '§ 3022', '§ 3021', '§ 105', '§ 2385']

Other provisions of § 105 also have the same defect of vagueness. Subdivision 1(a) of § 105 bars employment of any person who "by word of mouth or writing willfully and deliberately advocates, advises or teaches the doctrine" of forceful overthrow of government. This provision is plainly susceptible of sweeping and improper application. It may well prohibit the employment of one who merely advocates the doctrine in the abstract, without any attempt to indoctrinate others or incite [p600] others to action in furtherance of unlawful aims. [n7] See Herndon v. Lowry, 301 U.S. 242; Yates v. United States, 354 U.S. 298"]354 U.S. 298; Noto v. United States, 367 U.S. 290; 354 U.S. 298; Noto v. United States, 367 U.S. 290; Scales v. United States, 367 U.S. 203. And in prohibiting "advising" the "doctrine" of unlawful overthrow, does the statute prohibit mere "advising" of the existence of the doctrine, or advising another to support the doctrine? Since "advocacy" of the doctrine of forceful overthrow is separately prohibited, need the person "teaching" or "advising" this doctrine himself "advocate" it? Does the teacher who informs his class about the precepts of Marxism or the Declaration of Independence violate this prohibition?
3. For the history of New York loyalty security legislation, including the Feinberg Law, see Chamberlain, Loyalty and Legislative Action, and that author's article in Gellhorn, The States and Subversion 231.
4. The sole "vagueness" contention in Adler concerned the word "subversive," appearing in the preamble to and caption of § 3022. 342 U.S. at 496.
5. There is no merit in the suggestion, advanced by the Attorney General of New York for the first time in his brief in this Court, that § 3021 of the Education Law and § 105, subd. 3, of the Civil Service Law are not "pertinent to our inquiry." Section 3022 of the Education Law incorporates by reference the provisions of both, thereby rendering them applicable to faculty members of all colleges and institutions of higher education. One of the reasons why the Court of Appeals ordered the convening of a three-judge court was that a substantial federal question was presented by the fact that
8. Compare the Smith Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2385 which punishes one who
12. See Lazarsfeld & Thielens, The Academic Mind 92-112, 192-217; Biddle, The Fear of Freedom 155 et seq.; Jahoda & Cook, Security Measures and Freedom of Thought: An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Loyalty and Security Programs, 61 Yale L. J. 295 (1952). See generally, MacIver, Academic Freedom in Our Time: Hullfish, Educational Freedom in an Age of Anxiety; Konvitz, Expanding Liberties 86-108; Morris, Academic Freedom and Loyalty Oaths, 28 Law & Contemp.Prob. 487 (1963)
13. In light of our disposition, we need not consider appellants contention that the burden placed on the employee of coming forward with substantial rebutting evidence upon proof of membership in a listed organization is constitutionally impermissible. Compare Speiser v. Randall, 357 U.S. 513.