Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7701350?dq=5,987,610
Timestamp: 2015-03-29 22:29:21
Document Index: 511909866

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 12', 'arts 12', 'art 12', 'art 12', 'art 12', 'art 12', 'art 12']

Patent US7701350 - IC tag and method for fabricating the same - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe RFID tag is composed of the first antenna of metal film layer on which the IC chip is mounted and at least one second antenna of metal film layer on which the IC chip is not mounted The metal film layer is formed on the base, and the metal film layer is formed on the base. The metal film layer partially...http://www.google.com/patents/US7701350?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7701350 - IC tag and method for fabricating the sameAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7701350 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/741,012Publication dateApr 20, 2010Filing dateApr 27, 2007Priority dateNov 6, 2006Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN101178785A, CN101178785B, EP1918858A2, EP1918858A3, EP1918858B1, US20080106412Publication number11741012, 741012, US 7701350 B2, US 7701350B2, US-B2-7701350, US7701350 B2, US7701350B2InventorsIsao Sakama, Minoru AshizawaOriginal AssigneeHitachi, Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (31), Referenced by (5), Classifications (18), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetIC tag and method for fabricating the same
US 7701350 B2Abstract
The RFID tag is composed of the first antenna of metal film layer on which the IC chip is mounted and at least one second antenna of metal film layer on which the IC chip is not mounted The metal film layer is formed on the base, and the metal film layer is formed on the base. The metal film layer partially overlaps the metal film layer with the base interposed between them, so that the first antenna and the second antenna are capacitively coupled to each other.
1. An IC tag comprising
an IC chip operable with radio waves;
a first antenna electrically connected to the IC chip; and
at least one second antenna capacitively coupled with the first antenna via an insulating material,
the IC chip being connected to the first antenna over a slit formed in the first antenna used for impedance matching,
the at least one second antenna being connected with the first antenna to avoid overlapping with the slit of the first antenna.
2. The IC tag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first antenna and the at least one second antenna have their own overlapping area wherein the first antenna and the at least one second antenna overlap each other via the insulating material.
3. The IC tag as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the insulating material has a belt-like shape;
two second antennas are formed on the insulating material along a lengthwise direction of the insulating material;
the first antenna is formed between the two second antennas; and
the insulating material is folded toward the first antenna and folded toward the two second antennas, so that the first antenna overlaps partially with the two second antennas via the insulating material.
4. The IC tag as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the first antenna is formed on one surface of the insulating material;
two second antennas are formed on another surface of the insulating material along the lengthwise direction of the insulating material; and
a positional relationship along the lengthwise direction of the insulating material between the first antenna and the two second antennas is such that lengthwise ends of the first antenna overlap with opposite ends of the two second antennas via the insulating material.
5. The IC tag as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the first antenna and the at least one second antenna are formed on a same surface of the insulating material; and
the first antenna and the at least one second antenna are separated from each other and opposed to each other via a fine gap between them.
6. A method for fabricating an IC tag comprising the steps of
forming a first antenna and at least one second antenna on a base of insulating flexible material;
electrically connecting an IC chip operable with radio waves to the first antenna via a slit;
providing capacitive coupling between the first antenna and the at least one second antenna without overlapping with the slit at end portion of the first antenna and the at least one second antenna, and
folding the base at a predetermined space by bending the at least one second antenna toward the first antenna and then bending back the at least one second antenna so that the end portion of the first antenna and the end portion of the at least one second antenna overlap each other with the base interposed between them so that the capacitive coupling is formed between the first antenna and the at least one second antenna and the at least one second antenna is arranged at a side of the end portion of the first antenna.
7. The IC tag as claimed in claim 1, wherein a length of the first antenna is shorter than a wave length of the radio waves.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein a length of the first antenna is shorter than a wave length of the radio waves. Description
The present application claims priority from Japanese application JP2006-299839 filed on Nov. 6, 2006, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
The present application relates to subject matters described in a co-pending patent application Ser. No. 11,741,003 filed on Apr. 27, 2007 entitled �RADIO FREQUENCY INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TAG AND METHOD OF USING THE RFIC TAG� by the same inventors of the present application and assigned to the assignees of the present application. The disclosures of this co-pending application are incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to an IC tag incorporating therein an IC chip operable by radio waves, and also to a method for fabricating such an IC tag.
RFID (radio frequency identification) tags have recently come to be widely used in such a way that they are attached to commercial articles, IC cards, etc. so as to control the information on the articles. Such an IC tag mainly consists of an IC chip and an antenna. An external reader/writer can communicate with the IC chip by using radio waves radiated from the antenna so that the reader/writer can interpret such information as ID (identification) data stored in the IC chip. Thus, the data stored in the IC chip can be read out, or additional data can be written in the IC chip, in a non-contact manner, i.e. without any physical contact between the reader/writer and the IC tag.
For example, in one of widely known applications, RFID tags in which specific information is written are attached to commercial articles; a reader/writer reads out the information from or writes other information in, the RFID tags during the process of fabricating or transporting the articles; and the information on the articles provided during the process is administered. The reader/writer mentioned above is so designed as to be able to read out the information as a whole stored in the IC chip of the RFID tag located within an area in which the reader/writer can communicate with the RFID tag. Thus, the RFID tags can improve the efficiency of information administration.
There, however, is a problem with this useful application of the RFID tag. To illustrate such a problematic example, let it be assumed that envelopes are administered by the use of RFID tags. RFID tags are normally stuck at almost the same positions on the envelopes and if these envelopes are piled up one upon another, those RFID tags are also piled up one upon another, with one tag located very closely to another. This close existence of plural RFID tags gives rise to the change in the impedance of the antenna of each RFID tag and to the interference between the radio waves radiated from the antennas of the RFID tags. Consequently, the reader/writer fails to properly read out the information stored in the RFID tags.
To solve such a problem as described above, a technical measure has been proposed wherein a spacer is interposed between two piled RFID tags, the thickness of the spacer being larger than a specific distance at or beyond which the radio waves radiated from the antennas of the two piled RFID tags do not interfere with each other. Reference should be made to, for example, Japanese patent document JP-A-2005-001692, paragraphs 0016 through 0019, FIGS. 1 and 2.
However, the technique disclosed in JP-A-2005-001692 still has a problem as follows. According to the teaching of JP-A-2005-001692, a spacer must necessarily be inserted between two piled RFID tags so as to eliminate the interference of radio waves. Therefore, when envelopes, each having an RFID tag stuck thereon, are piled up, the pile of the envelopes becomes unnecessarily bulky due to the interposition of spacers, each between two piled envelopes.
Accordingly, the object of this invention is to provide IC tags which suffer little or no interference of radio waves even if they are piled up one upon another.
According to this invention, which has been made to solve such a problem as described above, the RFID tag is provided with a first and a second antennas and the ends of the first and second antennas are coupled via electrostatic capacitance.
As a result, there can be provided RFID tags which suffer little or no interference of radio waves even if they are piled up one upon another.
FIG. 1A shows an RFID tag in its assembled state, as a first embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 1B shows, in its disassembled state, the RFID tag shown as the first embodiment of this invention in FIG. 1A;
FIG. 2A schematically shows an IC chip used in the RFID tag, as viewed from the side of the signal input/output electrodes;
FIG. 2B shows the positional relationship between the slit in a metal film layer and the signal input/output electrodes of the IC chip;
FIG. 2C shows the metal film layer with the IC chip mounted thereon;
FIG. 3A shows the positional relationship between the T-shaped slit in the metal film layer and the signal input/output electrodes of the IC chip;
FIG. 3B shows the metal film layer with the IC chip mounted thereon;
FIG. 4A shows metal film layers formed on a belt-like base material;
FIG. 4B shows an RFID tag as a second embodiment of this invention, wherein the base material as shown in FIG. 4A is folded;
FIG. 4C shows an RFID tag as a modification of the second embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 5A is the side view of an RFID tag as a third embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 5B is the obverse view of the RFID tag shown in FIG. 5A as the third embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 5C is the reverse view of the RFID tag shown in FIG. 5A as the third embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 6A is the plan view of an RFID tag as a fourth embodiment of this invention; and
FIG. 6B is the plan view of an RFID tag as a modification of the fourth embodiment of this invention.
Now, embodiments of this invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
FIGS. 1A and 1B show an RFID tag as a first embodiment of this invention, FIG. 1A showing the RFID tag in its assembled state and FIG. 1B showing the same in its disassembled state.
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the RFID tag (IC tag) 1 as the first embodiment of this invention is composed of an inlet 1 a consisting of an antenna (first antenna) 11 as the main antenna and an IC chip 10 mounted thereon, and two conductor pieces (second antennas) 1 b, 1 b as the auxiliary antennas.
The antenna 11 is a metal film layer 11 a of Au or Al having a thickness of several micrometers (μm), formed on a roughly rectangular base 11 b of insulating material such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) resin or PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) resin by vapor deposition using sputtering. The metal film layer 11 a is provided with a slit 11 c. The formation of the metal film layer 11 a is not limited to the use of vapor deposition. For example, it may be formed with Au or Al metal paste printed on a substrate by means of an inkjet printer. The slit 11 c may be formed simultaneously with or after the formation of the metal film layer 11 a. The material for the base 11 b is not limited to such insulating resins as mentioned above, but may be any insulating material such as paper, rubber, glass, etc. In such a case, the metal film layer 11 a may be appropriately formed, for example, through the printing of Au or Al metal paste by means of an inkjet printer or the application of Au or Al metal foil.
FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate how the IC chip is mounted on the metal film layer, FIG. 2A showing the IC chip as viewed from the side of its signal input/output electrodes, FIG. 2B showing the positional relationship between the slit in the metal film layer and the signal input/output electrodes of the IC chip, and FIG. 2C showing the metal film layer with the IC chip mounted thereon.
The slit 11 c provided in the metal film layer 11 a has a shape similar to capital letter �L� as seen in FIG. 2B. The signal input/output electrodes 10 a and 10 b (see FIG. 2A) of the IC chip 10 serving as the antenna feeder terminals rest respectively on the positions 10 a′ and 10 b′ on the metal film layer 11 a indicated by the corresponding dashed line squares located near the right-angled bend of the slit 11 c, as shown in FIG. 2B. Thus, the IC chip 10 is mounted on the metal film layer 11 a as shown in FIG. 2C.
The signal input/output electrodes 10 a and 10 b of the IC chip 10 may be Au pads and the electric connection between the metal film layer 11 a and the pads is made through ultrasonic welding or metal eutectic junction. Alternatively, the electric connection between the metal film layer 11 a and the signal input/output electrodes 10 a and 10 b may be made with an anisotropic conductive film interposed between them.
The slit 11 c is formed during the process of forming the metal film layer 11 a by using the masking technique forming a groove having a shape of �L� in plan view. As indicated by line A-A in FIG. 2B, the part of the metal film layer 11 a where the slit 11 c exists is void of electric conduction. One branch of the �L� shaped slit 11 c extends along the width of the metal film layer 11 a and reaches the edge thereof while the other branch having a predetermined length extends along the length of the metal film layer 11 a and terminates short of the lengthwise edge thereof.
As described above, the signal input/output electrodes 10 a and 10 b are electrically connected with the metal film layer 11 a at the two points located on both sides of the slit 11 c as shown in FIG. 2C. In this structure, the stub 11 d (shown in FIG. 2B) formed by providing the slit 11 c in the metal film layer 11 a and the part of the metal film layer 11 a except the stub 11 d, which serves as the antenna 11, are connected in series between the input/output electrodes 10 a and 10 b of the IC chip 10. Thus, the stub 11 d serves as a series-connected inductive component. The inductive component can offset the capacitive component in the IC chip 10 so that impedance matching between the metal film layer 11 a and the IC chip 10 can be effected. Accordingly, a sufficient area of the metal film layer 11 a can serve as the antenna for the IC chip 10. In addition, impedance matching between the IC chip 10 and the antenna 11 formed of the metal film layer 11 a can be effected. Such a slit 11 c as described above is called an impedance matching circuit. The degree of impedance matching between the IC chip 10 and the part of the metal film layer 11 a serving as the antenna 11 depends on the area of the stub 11 d defined by the lengths of the branches of the L-shaped slit 11 c. When the IC chip 10 is mounted on the metal film layer 11 a, the electric connection between them can be made by applying anisotropic conductive films on the pads forming the signal input/output electrodes 10 a and 10 b of the IC chip 10 or on the corresponding positions on the metal film layer 11 a, and then by bringing the IC chip 10 and the metal film layer 11 a in contact with each other.
The planar shape of the slit serving as the impedance matching circuit is not limited to the shape of �L�, but may be changed into the shape of �T�. FIGS. 3A and 3B show an example where an IC chip is mounted on a metal film layer having a T-shaped slit. FIG. 3A shows the positional relationship between the T-shaped slit provided in the metal film layer and the signal input/output electrodes of the IC chip and FIG. 3B shows the metal film layer and the IC chip mounted thereon.
As shown in FIG. 3A, the metal film layer 11 a is provided with a T-shaped slit 11 e. In this case, the vertical branch of the T-shaped slit lie extends along the width of the metal film layer 11 a and reaches the edge thereof. The horizontal branch having a predetermined length, of the T-shaped slit 11 e extends along the length of the metal film layer 11 a and both the ends of the horizontal branch end short of the lengthwise edges. As a result, stubs 11 f and 11 g are formed.
As shown in FIG. 3B, the IC chip 10 is mounted on the metal film layer 11 a in such a manner that the signal input/output electrodes 10 a and 10 b of the IC chip 10 serving as the antenna feeder terminals rest respectively on the corresponding positions 10 a′ and 10 b′ on the stubs 11 f and 11 g indicated by dashed squares located on both sides of the vertical branch of the T-shaped slit lie near the junction of the horizontal and vertical branches of the T-shaped slit 11 e. As described above, an inlet 1 a (shown in FIG. 1A) is constructed by mounting the IC chip 10 on the metal film layer 11 a serving as the antenna 11.
Back to FIG. 1A, each of the conductor pieces 1 b is a metal film layer 12 a of Au or Al having a thickness of several micrometers (μm), formed on a roughly rectangular base 12 b of insulating material such as PET resin or PEN resin by vapor deposition using sputtering. The formation of the metal film layer 12 a is not limited to the use of vapor deposition. It may be formed, for example, with Au or Al metal paste printed on the base 12 b by means of an inkjet printer.
The material for the base 12 b is not limited to such insulating resins as mentioned above, but may be any insulating material such as paper, rubber, glass, etc. In such a case, the metal film layer 12 a may be appropriately formed, for example, through the printing of Au or Al metal paste by means of an inkjet printer or the application of Au or Al metal foil.
An RFID tag 1 is constructed by connecting the two conductor pieces 1 b, 1 b with both the ends of an inlet 1 a. As shown in FIG. 1B, each conductor piece 1 b has a connecting part 12 c near its inner end on the metal film layer 12 a. In completing the assembly of the RFID tag 1, both the lengthwise ends of the inlet 1 a are connected with the connecting parts 12 c of the conductor pieces 1 b, 1 b in such a manner that the metal film layer 11 a of the inlet 1 a and the metal film layer 12 a of each conductor piece 1 b overlap each other in the overlapping area 1 c. The inlet 1 a and the conductor pieces 1 b, 1 b can be bonded together with, for example, resin or adhesive agent.
It has been revealed in this first embodiment of the invention that the most efficient operation can be achieved if the length of the inlet 1 a is set to �-⅙ of the wavelength of radio waves used for the communication of information while the part of the slit 11 c extending along the lengthwise direction of the metal film layer 11 a is set to 3.5 mm. In this embodiment, since the frequency of the radio waves used for the communication of information is 2.45 GHz, the length of the inlet 1 a is set to 25 mm. For the radio waves of 2.45 GHz, it is observed that the RFID tag 1 operates most efficiently if its entire length is 40 mm.
It has been further revealed that if radio waves of 2.45 GHz are used, the best choice of the length of the connecting part 12 c along the lengthwise direction of the conductor piece 1 b (hereafter referred to as connection length) should be 3 mm�10 mm. Accordingly, the connection length is chosen to be about 7 mm in this embodiment. The length of the conductor piece 1 b is chosen to be 15 mm. It should be noted that the connection length is so determined that the connecting part does not overlap the slit 11 c. As described above, an RFID tag 1 having the overall length of 40 mm is constructed as the first embodiment of this embodiment, with the length of the inlet 1 a equal to 25 mm, the length of each conductor piece 1 b 15 mm, and the connection length 7 mm. And experiments have proved that the thus constructed RFID tags 1 have no practical problem and that radio wave interference does not occur even when they are piled up one upon another. It should here be noted that the concrete values mentioned above are merely by way of example and therefore that they may be chosen appropriately since they change depending on the wavelength of radio waves used for the communication of information, the shape of the slit provided in the antenna, and the material for the bases 11 b and 12 b. As described above, the RFID tag 1 as the first embodiment of this invention is composed of the inlet 1 a serving as the first antenna (main antenna) and the conductor pieces 1 b, 1 b serving as the second antenna (auxiliary antenna). A part of the metal film layer 11 a of the inlet 1 a serving as the antenna 11 and a part of the metal film layer 12 a of the conductor piece 1 b are bonded together with the base 11 b of insulating material interposed between them in an overlapping area. This structure enables an electrostatic capacitive coupling between the antenna 11 and the conductor pieces 1 b, 1 b. When an RFID tag 1 having such a structure as described above is stacked on another RFID tag of the same structure, the conductor pieces 1 b, 1 b of one RFID tag 1 function as the auxiliary antenna of the antenna 11 serving as the first antenna of the other RFID tag 11. Accordingly, the impedance of the antenna 11 of each RFID tag 1 does not suffer a large change.
Even if plural RFID tags 1 having the structure according to the first embodiment of this invention are stacked one upon another, radio waves radiated from the RFID tags 1 hardly interfere with one another. Therefore, the reader/writer (not shown) seldom suffer from erroneously reading desired information. This is a great advantage of the RFID tag 1 according to the first embodiment of this invention. Further, even in case where envelopes, each of which has the RFID tag 1 according to the first embodiment of this invention adhered thereto, are piled up one upon another, the pile can be prevented from being too bulky since there is no need of spacers which must otherwise be inserted between envelopes. This is another great advantage of the RFID tag 1 according to the first embodiment of this invention.
FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C show the structure of an RFID tag as a second embodiment of this invention. FIG. 4A shows a belt-like base with a metal film layer formed thereon; FIG. 4B shows an RFID tag as a second embodiment of this invention, which is built by folding the belt-like base; and FIG. 4C shows a variation of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4B.
As shown in FIG. 4A, in the second embodiment of this invention, two metal film layers (second antennas) 20 b, 20 b of Au or Al having a thickness of several micrometers (μm) are formed on the belt-like base 20 of insulating material such as PET resin or PEN resin, separated from each other along the lengthwise direction the belt-like base 20, by vapor deposition using sputtering. Further, a metal film layer 20 a is formed between the separated metal film layers 20 b, 20 b by using the same technique. The formation of the metal film layers 20 a and 20 b, 20 b are not limited to the use of vapor deposition. They may be formed, for example, with Au or Al metal paste printed on the base 20 by means of an inkjet printer.
Like the metal film layer 11 a (see FIG. 2B) as the first embodiment of this invention, the metal film layer 20 a is provided with a slit 20 c to form an antenna (first antenna) 20 d serving as the main antenna. Then, an IC chip 10 is mounted on the metal film layer 20 a, as in case of the metal film layer 11 a of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 2C.
As in case of the first embodiment described above, the material for the base 20 is not limited to such insulating resins as mentioned above, but may be any insulating material such as paper, rubber, glass, etc. In such a case, the metal film layers 20 b, 20 a and 20 b may be appropriately formed, for example, through the printing of Au or Al metal paste by an inkjet printer or the application of Au or Al metal foil.
Like the metal film layer 11 a shown as the first embodiment of this invention in FIG. 2B, the metal film layer 20 a is provided with the slit 20 c having the shape of �L�, but the shape of the slit 20 c may be changed into the shape of, for example, �T� as shown in FIG. 3A.
In completing the desired structure of the RFID tag 2 shown in FIG. 4B, the base 20 with the three metal film layers 20 b, 20 a and 20 b formed thereon is folded between the leftmost metal film layer 20 b and the central metal film layer 20 a and between the central metal film layer 20 a and the rightmost metal film layer 20 b, so that the metal film layer 20 a overlaps partially with the metal film layers 20 b, 20 b in the overlapping areas 20 e, 20 e, with the metal film layer 20 a lying above the metal film layers 20 b, 20 b. The folded base 20 may be bonded together and to the metal film layers 20 b, 20 b with resin or adhesive agent in the overlapping areas 20 e, 20 e. In this second embodiment, the material for the base 20 should preferably be foldable (e.g. flexible like a thin film). If the base 20 is made of glass, it can be folded while it is being kept at high temperatures.
The metal film layer 20 b and the part of the base 20 carrying the metal film layer 20 b thereon, of the RFID tag 2 shown in FIG. 4B correspond to the conductor piece 1 b of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A. In like manner, the metal film layer 20 a and the part of the base 20 carrying the metal film layer 20 a thereon, of the RFID tag 2 shown in FIG. 4B correspond to the inlet 1 a of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A.
Like the first embodiment described above, this embodiment adopts 2.45 GHz for the frequency of the radio waves used for the communication of information, 25 mm for the length of the metal film layer 20 a corresponding to the inlet 1 a of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A, and 15 mm for the length of the metal film layer 20 b corresponding to the conductor piece 1 b of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A.
Further, the overall length of the RFID tag 2 shown in FIG. 4B is 40 mm just like that of the RFID tag 1.
Since the overlapping area 20 e corresponds to the connecting part 12 c (see FIG. 1B), the length of the overlapping area 20 e is set to about 7 mm, equal to the connection length of the connecting part 12 c (see FIG. 1B). The length of the overlapping area 20 e should so adjusted that the overlapping area 20 e may not overlap the slit 20 c when the base 20 is folded. Accordingly, the distance between the metal film layer 20 a and the metal film layer 20 b is adjusted to be about 7 mm when they are formed on the belt-like base 20.
As described above, the RFID tag 2 having the overall length of 40 mm as the second embodiment of this invention is completed wherein the length of the metal film layer 20 a is 25 mm, the length of the metal film layer 20 b is 15 mm, and the length of the overlapping area 20 e is about 7 mm. Experiments have proved that the thus constructed RFID tags 2 have no practical problem and that radio wave interference does not occur even when they are piled up one upon another. As with the first embodiment described above, the concrete values mentioned above are merely by way of example and therefore they may be chosen appropriately since they change depending on the wavelength of radio waves used for the communication of information, the shape of the slit 20 c provided in the metal film layer 20 a, and the material for the base 20.
In this way, the RFID tag 2 as the second embodiment of this invention is composed of the metal film layer 20 a forming the antenna 20 d serving as the first antenna and the metal film layers 20 b, 20 b serving as the second antenna. Moreover, a part of the metal film layer 20 a overlaps a part of the metal film layer 20 b with the base 20 of insulating material interposed between them. This structure enables an electrostatic capacitive coupling between the antenna 20 d and the metal film layers 20 b, 20 b. When an RFID tag 2 having such a structure as described above is stacked on another RFID tag 2 of the same structure, the metal film layers 20 b, 20 b of one RFID tag 2 function as the auxiliary antenna of the antenna 20 d serving as the first antenna of the other RFID tag 2. Accordingly, the impedance of the antenna 20 d of each RFID tag 2 does not suffer a large change.
Even if plural RFID tags 2 having the structure according to the second embodiment of this invention are stacked one upon another, radio waves radiated from the RFID tags 2 hardly interfere with one another. Therefore, the reader/writer (not shown) seldom causes an error in reading desired information. This is the same advantage of the RFID tag 2 as that of the RFID tag 1 according to the first embodiment of this invention. Further, even in case where envelopes, each of which has the RFID tag 2 according to the second embodiment of this invention adhered thereto, are piled up one upon another, the pile can be prevented from being too bulky since there is no need of spacers which must otherwise be inserted between envelopes. This is another advantage of the RFID tag 2, which is still comparable to that of the RFID tag 1 according to the first embodiment of this invention.
Furthermore, according to this second embodiment, the metal film layers 20 b, 20 a and 20 b can be successively formed on the belt-like base 20, and the RFID tag 2 can be constructed by simply folding the base 20. Thus, this second embodiment excels the first embodiment in that there are fewer steps in the process of fabricating an RFID tag. It will be needless to say that the same effect or advantage can be obtained with an RFID tag 2 a wherein the base 20 is so folded that the metal film layer 20 a carrying the IC chip 10 thereon lies below the metal film layers 20 b, 20 b serving as the second antenna, as shown in FIG. 4C.
FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C show the structure of an RFID tag as a third embodiment of this invention. FIG. 5A is the side view of the RFID tag as the third embodiment of this invention, FIG. 5B is the top view of the RFID tag as the third embodiment of this invention, and FIG. 5C is the bottom view of thr RFID tag as the third embodiment of this invention.
As shown in FIG. 5B, in the third embodiment of this invention, a metal film layer 30 a of Au or Al having a thickness of several micrometers (μm) is formed on one surface (hereafter referred to as top or obverse surface) S of a belt-like base 30 of insulating material such as PET resin or PEN resin by vapor deposition using sputtering. Then, as shown in FIG. 5C, two metal film layers 30 b, 30 b of Au or Al having a thickness of several micrometers (μm) are formed on the other surface (hereafter referred to as bottom or reverse surface) R of the belt-like base 20, separated from each other along the lengthwise direction of the belt-like base 30, by vapor deposition using sputtering. The positional relationship between the metal film layer 30 a and the metal film layers 30 b, 30 b is such that the outer ends of the metal film layer 30 a overlap the inner ends of the metal film layers 30 b, 30 b in the overlapping areas 30 e as shown in FIG. 5A. The formation of the metal film layers 30 a and 30 b, 30 b is not limited to the use of vapor deposition. They may be formed, for example, with Au or Al metal paste printed on the base 30 by means of an inkjet printer.
Back to FIG. 5B, the metal film layer 30 a formed on the obverse surface S of the base 30 is provided with a slit 30 c, as in case of the metal film layer 11 a (see FIG. 2B) in the first embodiment of this invention, so that an antenna (first antenna) 30 d may be defined. Further, an IC chip 10 is mounted on the metal film layer 30 a, as in case of the metal film layer 11 a of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 2C.
As in case of the first embodiment, the material for the base 30 is not limited to such insulating resins as mentioned above, but may be any insulating material such as paper, rubber, glass, etc. In such a case, the metal film layers 30 b, 30 a and 30 b may be appropriately formed, for example, through the printing of Au or Al metal paste by an inkjet printer or the application of Au or Al metal foil.
Like the metal film layer 11 a shown as the first embodiment of this invention in FIG. 2B, the metal film layer 30 a is provided with the slit 30 c having the shape of �L�. The shape of the slit 30 c is not limited to that of �L�, but may be changed into the shape of, for example, �T� as shown in FIG. 3A.
As described above, the RFID tag 3 is constructed by forming the metal film layer 30 a on the obverse surface S of the base 30 and the two metal film layers 30 b, 30 b on the reverse surface R of the base 30, as shown in FIG. 5A.
With respect to the RFID tag 3 shown in FIG. 5A, the part of the obverse surface S of the base 30 carrying the metal film layer 30 a thereon corresponds to the inlet 1 a of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A, and the parts of the reverse surface R of the base 30 carrying the metal film layers 30 b, 30 b thereon correspond to the conductor pieces 1 b, 1 b shown in FIG. 1A.
Like the first embodiment described above, this third embodiment adopts 2.45 GHz for the frequency of the radio waves used for the communication of information, 25 mm for the length of the metal film layer 30 a corresponding to the inlet 1 a of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A, and 15 mm for the length of the metal film layer 30 b corresponding to the conductor piece 1 b of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A.
Further, the overall length of the RFID tag 3 shown in FIG. 5A is adjusted to 40 mm just like that of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A.
Since the overlapping area 30 e corresponds to the connection length of the connecting part 12 c of the RFID tag 1 (see FIG. 1B), the length of the overlapping area 20 e is set to about 7 mm, equal to the connection length of the connecting part 12 c of the RFID tag 1 (see FIG. 1B). The length of the overlapping area 30 e should so adjusted that the overlapping area 30 e may not overlap the slit 20 c. As described above, the RFID tag 3 having the overall length of 40 mm, as the third embodiment of this invention, is constructed wherein the length of the metal film layer 30 a is 25 mm, the length of the metal film layer 30 b is 15 mm, and the length of the overlapping area 30 e is about 7 mm. Experiments have proved that the thus constructed RFID tags 3 have no practical problem and that radio wave interference does not occur even when they are piled up one upon another. As with the first embodiment described above, these concrete values mentioned above are by way of example and therefore they may be chosen appropriately since they change depending on the wavelength of radio waves used for the communication of information, the shape of the slit 30 c provided in the metal film layer 30 a, and the material for the base 30.
In this way, the RFID tag 3 as the third embodiment of this invention is composed of the metal film layer 30 a forming the antenna 30 d serving as the first antenna and the metal film layers 30 b, 30 b serving as the second antenna. Moreover, a part of the metal film layer 30 a overlaps a part of the metal film layer 30 b with the base 30 of insulating material interposed between them in the overlapping area 30 a. This structure enables an electrostatic capacitive coupling between the metal film layer 30 a and the metal film layers 30 b, 30 b. When an RFID tag 3 having such a structure as described above is stacked on another RFID tag 3 of the same structure, the metal film layers 30 b, 30 b of one RFID tag 3 function as the auxiliary antenna of the antenna 30 d serving as the first antenna of the other RFID tag 3. Accordingly, the impedance of the antenna 30 d of each RFID tag 3 does not suffer a large change.
Even if plural RFID tags 3 having the structure according to the third embodiment of this invention are stacked one upon another, radio waves radiated from the RFID tags 3 hardly interfere with one another. Therefore, the reader/writer (not shown) seldom causes an error in reading desired information. This is the same advantage of the RFID tag 3 as that of the RFID tag 1 according to the first embodiment of this invention. Further, even in case where envelopes, each of which has the RFID tag 3 according to the third embodiment of this invention adhered thereto, are piled up one upon another, the pile can be prevented from being too bulky since there is no need of spacers which must otherwise be inserted between the envelopes. This is another advantage of the RFID tag 3, which is comparable to that of the RFID tag 1 according to the first embodiment of this invention.
Furthermore, according to this third embodiment, since the RFID tag 3 can be constructed by forming the metal film layers 30 b, 30 a and 30 b successively on both the surfaces of the belt-like base 30, this third embodiment excels the first embodiment in that there are fewer steps in the process of fabricating an RFID tag.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show the structure of an RFID tag as a fourth embodiment of this invention, FIG. 6A being the plan view of the RFID tag as the fourth embodiment of this invention, and FIG. 6B being the plan view of an RFID tag as a modification of the fourth embodiment of this invention.
As shown in FIG. 6A, in the fourth embodiment of this invention, metal film layer 40 a of Au or Al having a thickness of several micrometers (μm) is formed on the base 40 of insulating material such as PET resin or PEN resin by vapor deposition using sputtering. Further, fine gaps 40 e are provided near both ends of the metal film layer 40 a. As a result, the metal film layer 40 a is split into three parts by the gaps 40 e, 40 e, and the two outer metal film layers 40 b, 40 b function as the second antenna. The formation of the metal film layer 40 a is not limited to the use of vapor deposition. It may be formed, for example, with Au or Al metal paste printed on the base 40 by means of an inkjet printer.
Like the metal film layer 11 a (see FIG. 2B) as the first embodiment of this invention, the metal film layer 40 a is provided with a slit 40 c to form an antenna 40 d. Then, an IC chip 10 is mounted on the metal film layer 40 a, as in case of the metal film layer 11 a of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 2C.
As in case of the first embodiment described above, the material for the base 40 is not limited to such insulating resins as mentioned above, but may be any insulating material such as paper, rubber, glass, etc. In such a case, the metal film layers 40 b, 40 a and 40 b may be appropriately formed, for example, through the printing of Au or Al metal paste by an inkjet printer or the application of Au or Al metal foil.
Like the metal film layer 11 a shown as the first embodiment of this invention in FIG. 2B, the metal film layer 40 a is provided with the slit 40 c having the shape of �L�. The shape of the slit 40 c is not limited to that of �L�, but may be changed into the shape of, for example, �T� as shown in FIG. 3A.
As described above, the RFID tag 4 shown in FIG. 6A is constructed by forming the metal film layer 40 a on the base 40 and providing the fine gaps 40 e in the metal film layer 40 a so as to electrically separate the metal film layers 40 b, 40 b from the metal film layer proper 40 a. This structure wherein the two metal film layers 40 b, 40 b are disposed on both sides of the metal film layer 40 a serving as the antenna 40 d, with the fine gaps 40 e separating the two metal film layers 40 b, 40 b from the metal film layer 40 a, enables an electrostatic capacitive coupling between the antenna 40 d and the two metal film layers 40 b, 40 b. As a result, the metal film layers 40 b, 40 b function as an auxiliary antenna for the antenna 40 d. It is known that if the gap width of the fine gap 40 e is not more than 1 mm, the effect of the above mentioned electrostatic capacitive coupling can be secured. In this fourth embodiment, the gap width is adjusted to 100 μm.
Since the capacitance of the electrostatic capacitive coupling is determined depending on the cross sectional areas exposed oppositely in the fine gap 40 e, of the metal film layer 40 a and the metal film layer 40 b, then the fine gaps 40 e are formed in a slant direction with respect to the direction of the width of the metal film layer 40 a. Here, the cross sectional area is meant to be the product of the thickness of the metal film layer 40 a and the length of the fine gap 40 e. If the degree in slanting of the fine gap 40 e increases, the cross sectional area increases, too, increasing the electrostatic capacitance. Therefore, the slant fine gaps 40 e are adopted to properly adjust the electrostatic capacitance.
Like the first embodiment described above, this fourth embodiment adopts 2.45 GHz for the frequency of the radio waves used for the communication of information; 40 mm for the overall length of the RFID tag 4 shown in FIG. 6A, just like that of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A; and 25 mm for the length of the metal film layer 40 a corresponding to the inlet 1 a of the RFID tag 1 shown in FIG. 1A.
As described above, the RFID tag 4 having the overall length of 40 mm, as the fourth embodiment of this invention, is constructed wherein the length of the metal film layer 40 a is 25 mm, and the gap width of the fine gap 40 e is 100 μm. Experiments have proved that the thus constructed RFID tags 4 have no practical problem and that radio wave interference does not occur even when they are piled up one upon another. As with the first embodiment described above, these concrete values mentioned above are by way of example and therefore they may be chosen appropriately since they change depending on the wavelength of radio waves used for the communication of information, the shape of the slit 40 c provided in the metal film layer 40 a, and the material for the base 40.
In this way, the RFID tag 4 as the fourth embodiment of this invention is composed of the metal film layer 40 a forming the antenna 40 d serving as the first antenna and the metal film layers 40 b, 40 b serving as the second antenna. Moreover, since the metal film layer 40 a and the metal film layer 40 b are brought into electrostatic capacitive coupling with each other with the fine gap 40 e between them, the antenna 40 d and the metal film layers 40 b, 40 b are in capacitive coupling.
When an RFID tag 4 having such a structure as described above is stacked on another RFID tag 4 of the same structure, the metal film layers 40 b, 40 b of one RFID tag 4 function as the auxiliary antenna of the antenna 40 d serving as the first antenna of the other RFID tag 4. Accordingly, the impedance of the antenna 40 d of each RFID tag 4 does not suffer a large change.
Even if plural RFID tags 4 having the structure according to the fourth embodiment of this invention are stacked one upon another, radio waves radiated from the RFID tags 4 hardly interfere with one another. Therefore, the reader/writer (not shown) seldom causes an error in reading desired information. This is the same advantage of the RFID tag 4 as that of the RFID tag 1 according to the first embodiment of this invention. Further, even in case where envelopes, each of which has the RFID tag 4 according to the fourth embodiment of this invention adhered thereto, are piled up one upon another, the pile can be prevented from being too bulky since there is no need of spacers which must otherwise be inserted between the envelopes. This is another advantage of the RFID tag 4, which is comparable to that of the RFID tag 1 according to the first embodiment of this invention.
Furthermore, according to this fourth embodiment, since the RFID tag 4 can be constructed by disposing the two metal film layers 40 b, 40 b on both sides of the metal film layer 40 a serving as the antenna 40 d, with the fine gaps 40 e separating the two metal film layers 40 b, 40 b from the metal film layer 40 a, then this fourth embodiment is greatly advantageous over the first embodiment in that the thickness of the pile of envelopes can further be decreased.
In this fourth embodiment, the gaps 40 e are made slanting with respect to the width direction of the metal film layer 40 a so as to make the gaps 40 e, 40 e sufficiently long for the purpose. However, the shape of the fine gap 40 e is not limited to that slanting linear one as shown in FIG. 6A, but a gap 40 f of, for example, rectangular waveform as shown in FIG. 6B may be used to obtain a sufficiently large gap length.
Moreover, the metal film layers 40 b, 40 b are brought into existence by forming the metal film layer 40 a on the base 40 and then processing the metal film layer 40 a through an additional treatment such as etching. Accordingly, this fourth embodiment has a great advantage that there are fewer steps in the procedure of fabricating the RFID tag 4.
In order to improve the precision in reading the desired information by the reader/writer not shown, the gap 40 e or 40 f must provide electrostatic capacitance larger than a certain value. The electrostatic capacitance of the gap 40 e or 40 f can be increased by decreasing the gap width. However, very high precision is required to provide a very fine gap between the metal film layers 40 a and 40 b without causing erroneous bridging between the metal film layers 40 a and 40 b. In this fourth embodiment, the gap 40 e slanting with respect to the width direction of the metal film layer 40 a as shown in FIG. 6A or the gap 40 f of rectangular waveform as shown in FIG. 6B are provided so that they may have electrostatic capacitance larger than a certain value. With this structure of the gap 40 e or 40 f, desired electrostatic capacitance can be obtained without providing extremely narrow gaps with very high precision. This is another advantage of this embodiment.
As described hitherto, the RFID tags according to this invention have a great advantage that even if they are stacked one upon another, radio waves radiated from them hardly interfere with one another so that the reader/writer seldom causes an error in reading desired information. Further, the RFID tags according to this invention have another great advantage that even when they are piled up one upon another, the pile can be prevented from being too bulky since there is no need of spacers which must otherwise be inserted between them.
The overall length of the RFID tag according to this invention need not be limited to 40 mm, but can be appropriately adjusted for stabilized communication depending on the material, i.e. dielectric constant, of the article (e.g. envelope) to which the RFID tag is attached.
As described in the foregoing, according to this invention, the second antennas are disposed symmetric with respect to the first antenna. However, asymmetric structures may also be adopted by, for example, making the length of the one second antenna unequal to the length of the other second antenna, or by disposing only one second antenna on either side of the first antenna.
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