Source: https://up.codes/viewer/virginia/va-energy-conservation-code-2012/chapter/CE_4/ce-commercial-energy-efficiency
Timestamp: 2019-07-21 23:55:04
Document Index: 595260612

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 431', 'art 431', 'art 431', 'art 431', 'art 430', 'art 430', 'art 431']

Chapter 4: [CE] Commercial Energy Efficiency, 2012 Virginia Energy Conservation Code | UpCodes
C402.1.2 U -factor alternative
C402.3.3 Maximum U -factor and SHGC
C402.3.3.4 Increased skylight U -factor
C402.3.4 Area-weighted U -factor
C403.2.3.2 Positive displacement (air- and watercooled) chilling packages
C405 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems(mandatory)
The requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1.
The requirements of Sections C402, C403, C404 and C405. In addition, commercial buildings shall comply with either Section C406.2, C406.3 or C406.4.
The requirements of Section C407, C402.4, C403.2, C404, C405.2, C405.3, C405.4, C405.6 and C405.7. The building energy cost shall be equal to or less than 85 percent of the standard reference design building.
Sections C402, C403, C404 and C405; or
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1.
An assembly with a U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor equal or less than that specified in Table C402.1.2 shall be permitted as an alternative to the R-value in Table C402.2. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing Group R occupancies shall use the U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor from the “Group R” column of Table C402.1.2. Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing occupancies other than Group R shall use the U-factor, C-factor or Ffactor from the “All other” column of Table C402.1.2.
Use of opaque assembly U-factors, C-factors, and F-factors from ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 Appendix A shall be permitted, provided the construction complies with the applicable construction details from ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 Appendix A.
Metal buildings (with R-5 thermal blocks)a, b R-19 +
R-19 + R11 LS R-19 +
R-13+ R17.5ci
R-3.8ci or R-20
R-7.5ci or R-20 +
R-15.6ci or R-20 + R-10ci
Unheated slabs NR NR NR NR NR NR R-10 for 24″ below R-10 for 24″ below R-10 for 24″ below R-10 for 24″ below R-10 for 24″ below R-15 for 24″ below R-15 for 24″ below R-15 for 24″ below R-15 for 24″ below R-20 for 24″ below
Heated slabsd R-7.5 for 12″ below R-7.5 for 12″ below R-7.5 for 12″ below R-7.5 for 12″ below R-10 for 24″ below R-10 for 24″ below R-15 for 24″ below R-15 for 24″ below R-15 for 36″ below R-15 for 36″ below R-15 for 36″ below R-20 for 48″ below R-20 for 24″ below R-20 for 48″ below R-20 for 48″ below R-20 for 48″ below
Continuously insulated roof assemblies where the thickness of insulation varies 1 inch (25 mm) or less and where the area-weighted U-factor is equivalent to the same assembly with the R-value specified in Table C402.2.
Unit skylight curbs included as a component of an NFRC 100 rated assembly shall not be required to be insulated.
Portions of roofs that include or are covered by:
Portions of roofs shaded during the peak sun angle on the summer solstice by permanent features of the building, or by permanent features of adjacent buildings.
Portions of roofs that are ballasted with a minimum stone ballast of 17 pounds per square foot (psf) (74 kg/m2) or 23 psf (117 kg/m2) pavers.
Roofs where a minimum of 75 percent of the roof area meets a minimum of one of the exceptions above.
Three-year aged solar reflectanceb of 0.55 and three-year aged thermal
emittancec of 0.75
Initial solar reflectanceb of 0.70 and initial thermal emittancec of
The use of area-weighted averages to meet these requirements shall be permitted. Materials lacking initial tested values for either solar reflectance or thermal emittance, shall be assigned both an initial solar reflectance of 0.10 and an initial thermal emittance of 0.90. Materials lacking three-year aged tested values for either solar reflectance or thermal emittance shall be assigned both a three-year aged solar reflectance of 0.10 and a three-year aged thermal emittance of 0.90.
Solar reflectance tested in accordance with ASTM C 1549, ASTM E 903 or ASTM E 1918.
Thermal emittance tested in accordance with ASTM C 1371 or ASTM E 408.
Solar reflectance index (SRI) shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 1980 using a convection coefficient of 2.1 Btu/h × ft2 ×°F (12W/ m2 × K). Calculation of aged SRI shall be based on aged tested values of solar reflectance and thermal emittance. Calculation of initial SRI shall be based on initial tested values of solar reflectance and thermal emittance.
35 psf (170 kg/m2) of wall surface area; or
25 psf (120 kg/m2) of wall surface area if the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (1900 kg/m3).
35 psf (170 kg/m2) of floor surface area; or
25 psf (120 kg/m2) of floor surface area if the material weight is not more than 120 pcf (1,900 kg/m3).
No less than 50 percent of the conditioned floor area is within a daylight zone;
Automatic daylighting controls are installed in daylight zones; and
Visible transmittance (VT) of vertical fenestration is greater than or equal to 1.1 times solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC).
In an enclosed space greater than 10,000 square feet (929 m2), directly under a roof with ceiling heights greater than 15 feet (4572 mm), and used as an office, lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, storage, gymnasium/exercise center, convention center, automotive service, manufacturing, nonrefrigerated warehouse, retail store, distribution/sorting area, transportation, or workshop, the total daylight zone under skylights shall be not less than half the floor area and shall provide a minimum skylight area to daylight zone under skylights of either:
Not less than 3 percent with a skylight VT of at least 0.40; or
Provide a minimum skylight effective aperture of at least 1 percent determined in accordance with Equation C4-1.
Areas where it is documented that existing structures or natural objects block direct beam sunlight on at least half of the roof over the enclosed area for more than 1,500 daytime hours per year between 8 am and 4 pm.
Spaces where the designed general lighting power densities are less than 0.5 W/ft2(5.4 W/m2).
(Equation C4-2)
ORIENTED WITHIN 45
DEGREES OF TRUE NORTH
Air barrier joints and seams shall be sealed, including sealing transitions in places and changes in materials. Air barrier penetrations shall be sealed in accordance with Section C402.4.2. The joints and seals shall be securely installed in or on the joint for its entire length so as not to dislodge, loosen or otherwise impair its ability to resist positive and negative pressure from wind, stack effect and mechanical ventilation.
Recessed lighting fixtures shall comply with Section C402.4.8. Where similar objects are installed which penetrate the air barrier, provisions shall be made to maintain the integrity of the air barrier.
Extruded polystyrene insulation board having a thickness of not less than 1/2 inch (12 mm).
Foil-back polyisocyanurate insulation board having a thickness of not less than 1/2 inch (12 mm).
Closed cell spray foam a minimum density of 1.5 pcf (2.4 kg/m3) having a thickness of not less than 11/2 inches (36 mm).
Open cell spray foam with a density between 0.4 and 1.5 pcf (0.6 and 2.4 kg/m3) and having a thickness of not less than 4.5 inches (113 mm).
Exterior or interior gypsum board having a thickness of not less than 1/2 inch (12 mm).
Cement board having a thickness of not less than 1/2 inch (12 mm).
Built up roofing membrane.
A Portland cement/sand parge, or gypsum plaster having a thickness of not less than 5/8 inch (16 mm).
Concrete masonry walls coated with one application either of block filler and two applications of a paint or sealer coating;
A Portland cement/sand parge, stucco or plaster minimum 1/ 2 inch (12 mm) in thickness.
Field-fabricated fenestration assemblies that are sealed in accordance with Section C402.4.1.
Fenestration in buildings that comply with Section C402.4.1.2.3 are not required to meet the air leakage requirements in Table C402.4.3.
RATE(CFM/FT2)
The activation of any fire alarm initiating device of the building’s fire alarm system; or
Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers having a maximum leakage rate of 20 cfm/ft2 (101.6 L/s • m2) at 1.0 inch water gauge (w.g.) (249 Pa) when tested in accordance with AMCA 500D are permitted to be used as follows:
Dampers smaller than 24 inches (610 mm) in either dimension shall be permitted to have a leakage of 40 cfm/ft2 (203.2 L/s • m2) at 1.0 inch water gauge (w.g.) (249 Pa) when tested in accordance with AMCA 500D.
Any grease duct serving a Type I hood installed in accordance with Section 506.3 of the International Mechanical Code shall not be required to have a motorized or gravity damper.
Recessed luminaires installed in the building thermal envelope shall be sealed to limit air leakage between conditioned and unconditioned spaces. All recessed luminaires shall be IC-rated and labeled as having an air leakage rate or not more 2.0 cfm (0.944 L/s) when tested in accordance with ASTM E 283 at a 1.57 psf (75 Pa) pressure differential. All recessed luminaires installed in the thermal envelope shall be sealed with a gasket or caulk between the housing and interior wall or ceiling covering.
Section C403.3 (Simple systems); or
Section C403.4 (Complex systems).
< 65,000 Btu/hb All Split System 10.0 SEER 10.0 SEER
≥ 135,000 Btu/h 10.1 EER
≥ 135,000 Btu/h 13.1 EER
Chapter 6 of the referenced standard contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the reference year version of the test procedure.
< 65,000 Btu/hb All Split System 13.0 SEER AHRI 210/240
≤ 30,000 Btu/hb All Split System 13.0 SEER
< 65,000 Btu/hb All Split System 10.0 SEER
< 17,000 Btu/h All 86°F entering water 11.2 EER ISO 13256-1
All 86°F entering water 12.0 EER
< 135,000 Btu/h All 59°F entering water 16.2 EER
< 135,000 Btu/h All 77°F entering fluid 12.1 EER
< 65,000 Btu/hb — Split System 7.7 HSPF AHRI 210/240
≤ 30,000 Btu/hb
— Split System 7.4 HSPF
< 65,000 Btu/hb — Split System 6.8 HSPF
3.3 COP AHRI 340/360
2.25 COP
2.05 COP
— 68°F entering water 4.2 COP ISO 13256-1
— 50°F entering water 3.6 COP
— 32°F entering fluid 3.1 COP
— 68°F entering water 3.7 COP ISO 13256-2
— 32°F entering fluid 2.5 COP
For SI:1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8.
All Capacities 95°F db outdoor air 12.5 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EER 13.8 - (0.300 × Cap/1000) EER AHRI 310/380
All Capacities 95°F db outdoor air 10.9 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EER 10.9 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EER
All Capacities 95°F db outdoor air 12.3 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EER 14.0 - (0.300 × Cap/1000) EER
All Capacities 95°F db outdoor air 10.8 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EER 10.8 - (0.213 × Cap/1000) EER
All Capacities — 3.2 - (0.026 × Cap/1000) COP 3.2 - (0.026 × Cap/1000) COP
All Capacities — 2.9 - (0.026 × Cap/1000) COP 2.9 - (0.026 × Cap/1000) COP
< 65,000 Btu/h 95°F db/ 75°F wb
9.0 EER 9.0 EER AHRI 390
95°F db/ 75°F wb
8.9 EER 8.9 EER
8.6 EER 8.6 EER
9.0 EER 9.0 EER
<65,000 Btu/h 47°F db/ 43°F wb
3.0 COP 3.0 COP AHRI 390
47°F db/ 43°F wb
3.0 COP 3.0 COP
47°F db/ 75°F wb
2.9 COP 2.9 COP
with louvered slides
< 6,000 Btu/h — 9.7 SEER 9.7 SEER ANSI/AHAMRAC-1
— 9.7 EER 9.7 EER
— 9.8 EER 9.8 EER
— 9.7 SEER 9.7 SEER
without louvered slides
< 8,000 Btu/h — 9.0 EER 9.0 EER
— 8.5 EER 8.5 EER
< 20,000 Btu/h — 9.0 EER 9.0 EER
< 14,000 Btu/h — 8.5 EER 8.5 EER
All capacities — 8.7 EER 8.7 EER
All capacities — 9.5 EER 9.5 EER
Ec = Combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jackets not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.
Et = Thermal efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.
SIZE CATEGORY (INPUT) MINIMUM EFFICIENCY TEST PROCEDURE
80%Et 10CFR Part 431
> 2,500,00 Btu/ha 82%Ec
82%Et 10 CFR Part 431
79%Et 10CFR Part 431
81% Et 10CFR Part 431
> 2,500,000 Btu/ha 81%Et
MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS: WATER CHILLING PACKAGESa
UNITS BEFORE 1/1/2010 AS OF 1/1/2010b TEST
IPLV FULL
Air-cooled chillers < 150 tons EER ≥ 9.562 ≥ 10.4
≥ 9.562 ≥ 12.500 NA NA AHRI 550/590
EER ≥ 10.586 ≥ 11.782 Air-cooled chillers without condensers
shall be rated with matching condensers
and comply with the air-cooled
chiller efficiency requirements
kW/ton ≤ 0.837 ≤ 0.696 Reciprocating units shall comply with
water cooled positive displacement
kW/ton ≤ 0.775 ≤ 0.615 ≤ 0.790 ≤ 0.586
kW/ton ≤ 0.717 ≤ 0.627 ≤ 0.680 ≤ 0.580 ≤ 0.718 ≤ 0.540
≥ 300 tons kW/ton ≤ 0.639 ≤ 0.571 ≤ 0.620 ≤ 0.540 ≤ 0.639 ≤ 0.490
< 150 tons kW/ton ≤ 0.703 ≤ 0.669 ≤ 0.634 ≤ 0.596 ≤ 0.639 ≤ 0.450
kW/ton ≤ 0.634 ≤ 0.596
kW/ton ≤ 0.576 ≤ 0.549 ≤ 0.576 ≤ 0.549 ≤ 0.600 ≤ 0.400
≥ 600 tons kW/ton ≤ 0.576 ≤ 0.549 ≤ 0.570 ≤ 0.539 ≤ 0.590 ≤ 0.400
COP ≥ 0.600 NR ≥ 0.600 NR NA NA AHRI 560
COP ≥ 0.700 NR ≥ 0.700 NR NA NA
COP ≥ 1.000 ≥ 1.050 ≥ 1.000 ≥ 1.050 NA NA
COP ≥ 1.000 ≥ 1.000 ≥ 1.000 ≥ 1.000 NA NA
For SI:1 ton = 3517 W, 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8.
The centrifugal chiller equipment requirements, after adjustment in accordance with Section C403.2.3.1 or Section C403.2.3.2, do not apply to chillers used in low-temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is less than 36°F. The requirements do not apply to positive displacement chillers with leaving fluid temperatures less than or equal to 32°F. The requirements do not apply to absorption chillers with design leaving fluid temperatures less than 40°F.
Compliance with this standard can be obtained by meeting the minimum requirements of Path A or B. However, both the full load and IPLV shall be met to fulfill the requirements of Path A or B.
EQUIPMENT TYPEa TOTAL SYSTEM HEAT REJECTION CAPACITY AT RATED CONDITIONS SUBCATEGORY OR RATING CONDITION PERFORMANCE REQUIREDb, c, d TEST PROCEDUREe, f
≥ 38.2 gpm/hp CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201
≥ 20.0 gpm/hp CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201
≥ 14.0 gpm/hp CTI ATC-105S and CTI STD-201
≥ 7.0 gpm/hp CTI ATC-105S and CTI STD-201
≥ 176,000 Btu/h•hp ARI 460
For purposes of this table, open circuit cooling tower performance is defined as the water flow rating of the tower at the thermal rating condition listed in Table 403.2.3(8) divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power.
For purposes of this table, closed circuit cooling tower performance is defined as the water flow rating of the tower at the thermal rating condition listed in Table 403.2.3(8) divided by the sum of the fan nameplate rated motor power and the spray pump nameplate rated motor power.
For purposes of this table, air-cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power.
If a certification program exists for a covered product, and it includes provisions for verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings, then the product shall be listed in the certification program, or, if a certification program exists for a covered product, and it includes provisions for verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings, but the product is not listed in the existing certification program, the ratings shall be verified by an independent laboratory test report.
Equipment not designed for operation at AHRI Standard 550/590 test conditions of 44°F (7°C) leaving chilled-water temperature and 85°F (29°C) entering condenser water temperature with 3 gpm/ton (0.054 I/s • kW) condenser water flow shall have maximum full-load kW/ ton and NPLV ratings adjusted using Equations C4-3 and C4-4.
(Equation C4-3)
(Equation C4-4)
B = 0.0027 × L vg Evap (°C) + 0.982
LIFT = L vgCond – L vg Evap
L vgCond = Full-load condenser leaving water temperature (°C)
L vgEvap = Full-load leaving evaporator temperature (°C)
The leaving evaporator fluid temperature is not less than 36°F (2.2°C).
The leaving condenser fluid temperature is not greater than 115°F (46.1°C).
LIFT is not less than 20°F (11.1 °C) and not greater than 80°F (44.4°C).
Gravity dampers shall be permitted in buildings less than three stories in height.
Gravity dampers shall be permitted for buildings of any height located in Climate Zones 1, 2 and 3.
Gravity dampers shall be permitted for outside air intake or exhaust airflows of 300 cfm (0.14 m3/s) or less.
Snow- and icemelting systems, supplied through energy service to the building, shall include automatic controls capable of shutting off the system when the pavement temperature is above 50°F (10°C) and no precipitation is falling and an automatic or manual control that will allow shutoff when the outdoor temperature is above 40°F (4°C) so that the potential for snow or ice accumulation is negligible.
An air-side economizer;
Automatic modulating control of the outdoor air damper; or
A design outdoor airflow greater than 3,000 cfm (1400 L/s).
Systems with energy recovery complying with Section C403.2.6.
System with a design outdoor airflow less than 1,200 cfm (600 L/s).
Spaces where the supply airflow rate minus any makeup or outgoing transfer air requirement is less than 1,200 cfm (600 L/s).
Systems expected to operate less than 20 hours per week at the outdoor air percentage covered by Table C403.2.6
Where the design temperature difference between the interior and exterior of the duct or plenum does not exceed 15°F (8°C).
All longitudinal and transverse joints, seams and connections of supply and return ducts operating at a static pressure less than or equal to 2 inches water gauge (w.g.) (500 Pa) shall be securely fastened and sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives), mastic-plusembedded-fabric systems or tapes installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Pressure classifications specific to the duct system shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents in accordance with the International Mechanical Code.
Exception: Continuously welded and lockingtype longitudinal joints and seams on ducts operating at static pressures less than 2 inches water gauge (w.g.) (500 Pa) pressure classification.
(Equation C4-5)
Factory-installed piping within room fan-coils and unit ventilators tested and rated according to AHRI 440 (except that the sampling and variation provisions of Section 6.5 shall not apply) and 840, respectively.
Direct buried piping that conveys fluids at or below 60°F (15°C)
RANGE AND USAGE (°F)
INSULATION CONDUCTIVITY NOMINAL PIPE OR TUBE SIZE (inches)
Btu • in./(h • ft
2 • °F)b Mean Rating
< 1 1 to < 11/2 11/2 to < 4 4 to < 8 ≤ 8
For piping smaller than 11/2 inch (38 mm) and located in partitions within conditioned spaces, reduction of these thicknesses by 1 inch (25 mm) shall be permitted (before thickness adjustment required in footnote b) but not to a thickness less than 1 inch (25 mm).
T = r{(1 + t/r)K/k - 1}
Hospital, vivarium and laboratory systems that utilize flow control devices on exhaust and/or return to maintain space pressure relationships necessary for occupant health and safety or environmental control shall be permitted to use variable volume fan power limitation.
Individual exhaust fans with motor nameplate horsepower of 1 hp or less.
Option 2: Fan system bhp Allowable fan system bhp bhp ≤ CFMS × 0.00094 + A bhp ≤ CFMS× 0.0013 + A
A = Sum of [PD × CFMD / 4131]
This section applies to buildings served by unitary or packaged HVAC equipment listed in Tables C403.2.3(1) through C403.2.3(8), each serving one zone and controlled by a single thermostat in the zone served. It also applies to twopipe heating systems serving one or more zones, where no cooling system is installed.
Individual fan-cooling units with a supply capacity less than the minimum listed in Table C403.3.1(1).
Where more than 25 percent of the air designed to be supplied by the system is to spaces that aredesigned to be humidified above 35°F (1.7 °C) dew-point temperature to satisfy process needs.
Systems that serve residential spaces where the system capacity is less than five times the requirement listed in Table C403.3.1(1).
Where the cooling efficiency meets or exceeds the efficiency requirements in Table C403.3.1(2).
systems ≥ 33,000 Btu/ha
The total capacity of all systems without economizers shall not exceed 300,000 Btu/h per building, or 20 percent of its air economizer capacity, whichever is greater.
Exception: The use of mixed air temperature limit control shall be permitted for systems controlled from space temperature (such as single zone systems).
Electronic enthalpy controllers are devices that use a combination of humidity and dry-bulb temperature in their switching algorithm.
Fixed dry bulb 1B, 2B, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4C, 5B,
5C, 6B, 7, 8
Electronic Enthalpy All (TOA, RHOA) > A Outdoor air temperature/RH exceeds the
“A” setpoint curveb
Dew-point and dry bulb
All DPOA > 55°F or TOA > 75°F Outdoor air dry bulb exceeds 75°F or outside
dew point exceeds 55°F (65 gr/lb)
At altitudes substantially different than sea level, the Fixed Enthalpy limit shall be set to the enthalpy value at 75°F and 50-percent relative humidity. As an example, at approximately 6,000 feet elevation the fixed enthalpy limit is approximately 30.7 Btu/lb.
Setpoint “A” corresponds to a curve on the psychometric chart that goes through a point at approximately 75°F and 40-percent relative humidity and is nearly parallel to dry-bulb lines at low humidity levels and nearly parallel to enthalpy lines at high humidity levels.
Exception: Systems in which a water economizer is used and where dehumidification requirements cannot be met using outdoor air temperatures of 50°F dry bulb (10°C dry bulb)/45°F wet bulb (7.2°C wet bulb) shall satisfy 100 percent of the expected system cooling load at 45°F dry bulb (7.2°C dry bulb)/ 40°F wet bulb (4.5°C wet bulb).
Precooling coils and water-to-water heat exchangers used as part of a water economizer system shall either have a waterside pressure drop of less than 15 feet (4572 mm) of water or a secondary loop shall be created so that the coil or heat exchanger pressure drop is not seen by the circulating pumps when the system is in the normal cooling (noneconomizer) mode.
The fan shall have controls or devices that will result in fan motor demand of no more than 30 percent of their design wattage at 50 percent of design airflow when static pressure set point equals one-third of the total design static pressure, based on manufacturer’s certified fan data.
If a closed-circuit cooling tower is used directly in the heat pump loop, either an automatic valve shall be installed to bypass all but a minimal flow of water around the tower, or lower leakage positive closure dampers shall be provided.
Zones where the volume of air to be reheated, recooled or mixed is no greater than the volume of outside air required to meet the minimum ventilation requirements of Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code.
≤ 12 kW Resistance 0.97 - 0.00 132V, EF DOE 10 CFR Part 430
< 4,000 Btu/h/gal ANSI Z21.10.3
80%Et ANSI Z21.10.3
All — 78%Et ASHRAE 146
Standby loss (SL) is the maximum Btu/h based on a nominal 70°F temperature difference between stored water and ambient requirements. In the SL equation, Q is the nameplate input rate in Btu/h. In the SL equation for electric water heaters, V is the rated volume in gallons. In the SL equation for oil and gas water heaters and boilers, V is the rated volume in gallons.
Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 200,000 Btu/h must comply with these requirements if the water heater is designed to heat water to temperatures 180°F or higher.
For automatic-circulating hot water and heat-traced systems, piping shall be insulated with not less than 1 inch (25 mm) of insulation having a conductivity not exceeding 0.27 Btu per inch/h × ft2 × °F (1.53 W per 25 mm/m2 × K). The first 8 feet (2438 mm) of piping in non-hotwater-supply temperature maintenance systems served by equipment without integral heat traps shall be insulated with 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of material having a conductivity not exceeding 0.27 Btu per inch/h × ft2 × °F (1.53 W per 25 mm/ m2 × K).
Section C405 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems(mandatory)
Exception: Dwelling units within commercial buildings shall not be required to comply with Sections C405.2 through C405.5, provided that not less than 75 percent of the permanently installed luminaires, other than low-voltage lighting, shall be fitted for, and contain only, high-efficacy lamps.
Areas designated as security or emergency areas that need to be continuously lighted.
Lighting in stairways or corridors that are elements of the means of egress.
Controlling all lamps or luminaires;
Dual switching of alternate rows of luminaires, alternate luminaires or alternate lamps;
Switching the middle lamp luminaires independently of the outer lamps; or
Switching each luminaire or each lamp.
Areas that have only one luminaire, with rated power less than 100 watts.
Areas that are controlled by an occupant-sensing device.
Corridors, equipment rooms, storerooms, restrooms, public lobbies, electrical or mechanical rooms.
Sleeping unit (see Section C405.2.3).
Spaces that use less than 0.6 watts per square foot (6.5 W/m2).
Daylight spaces complying with Section C405.2.2.3.2.
Display and accent light shall be controlled by a dedicated control which is independent of the controls for other lighting within the room or space.
Lighting in cases used for display case purposes shall be controlled by a dedicated control which is independent of the controls for other lighting within the room or space.
Hotel and motel sleeping units and guest suites shall have a master control device at the main room entry that controls all permanently installed luminaires and switched receptacles.
Supplemental task lighting, including permanently installed under-shelf or under-cabinet lighting, shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or be controlled by a wall-mounted control device provided the control device is readily accessible.
Lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and food warming, shall be controlled by a dedicated control which is independent of the controls for other lighting within the room or space.
Lighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in lighting education shall be controlled by a dedicated control which is independent of the controls for other lighting within the room or space.
Fluorescent luminaires equipped with one, three or odd-numbered lamp configurations, that are recess-mounted within 10 feet (3048 mm) center-to-center of each other.
Fluorescent luminaires equipped with one, three or any odd-numbered lamp configuration, that are pendant- or surface-mounted within 1 foot (305 mm) edge-to-edge of each other.
Where electronic high-frequency ballasts are used.
Luminaires on emergency circuits.
Luminaires with no available pair in the same area.
The connected power associated with the following lighting equipment is not included in calculating total connected lighting power.
Lighting equipment used for the following shall be exempt provided that it is in addition to general lighting and is controlled by an independent control device:
Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film production and video production.
Lighting for photographic processes.
Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by the manufacturer.
Task lighting for plant growth or maintenance.
In restaurant buildings and areas, lighting for food warming or integral to food preparation equipment.
Lighting equipment that is for sale.
Lighting demonstration equipment in lighting education facilities.
Lighting approved because of safety or emergency considerations, inclusive of exit lights.
Lighting integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases.
Furniture mounted supplemental task lighting that is controlled by automatic shutoff.
The specified wattage of the luminaires included in the system with a minimum of 30 W/lin ft. (98 W/lin. m);
The wattage limit of the system’s circuit breaker; or
The wattage limit of other permanent current limiting device(s) on the system.
INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES: BUILDING AREA METHOD
INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES: SPACE-BY-SPACE METHOD
Audience/seating area - permanent
For auditorium 0.9
For performing arts theater 2.6
For motion picture theater 1.2
Classroom/lecture/training 1.30
Conference/meeting/multipurpose 1.2
Corridor/transition 0.7
Bar/lounge/leisure dining 1.40
Family dining area 1.40
Courtroom 1.90
Confinement cells 1.1
Judge chambers 1.30
Penitentiary audience seating 0.5
Penitentiary classroom 1.3
Penitentiary dining 1.1
Fitness area 0.9
Gymnasium audience/seating 0.40
Playing area 1.40
Corridors/transition 1.00
Exam/treatment 1.70
Emergency 2.70
Public and staff lounge 0.80
Medical supplies 1.40
Nursery 0.9
Nurse station 1.00
Physical therapy 0.90
Patient room 0.70
Pharmacy 1.20
Radiology/imaging 1.3
Operating room 2.20
Lounge/recreation 0.8
Laundry – washing 0.60
Dining area 1.30
Guest rooms 1.10
Hotel lobby 2.10
Highway lodging dining 1.20
Highway lodging guest rooms 1.10
Stacks 1.70
Card file and cataloguing 1.10
Reading area 1.20
Corridors/transition 0.40
Detailed manufacturing 1.3
Equipment room 1.0
Extra high bay (> 50-foot floor-ceiling height) 1.1
High bay (25- – 50-foot floor-ceiling height) 1.20
Low bay (< 25-foot floor-ceiling height) 1.2
General exhibition 1.00
Restoration 1.70
Exhibit space 1.50
Audience/seating area 0.90
Engine room 0.80
Sleeping quarters 0.30
Post office 0.9
Fellowship hall 0.60
Audience seating 2.40
Worship pulpit/choir 2.40
Dressing/fitting area 0.9
Mall concourse 1.6
Audience seating 0.4
Court sports area – Class 4 0.7
Court sports area – Class 3 1.2
Court sports area – Class 2 1.9
Court sports area – Class 1 3.0
Ring sports area 2.7
Air/train/bus baggage area 1.00
Airport concourse 0.60
Terminal – ticket counter 1.50
Fine material storage 1.40
Medium/bulky material 0.60
Where lighting equipment is specified to be installed to highlight specific merchandise in addition to lighting equipment specified for general lighting and is switched or dimmed on circuits different from the circuits for general lighting, the smaller of the actual wattage of the lighting equipment installed specifically for merchandise, or additional lighting power as determined below shall be added to the interior lighting power determined in accordance with this line item.
All exterior lighting, other than low-voltage landscape lighting, shall comply with Sections C405.6.1 and C405.6.2.
Exception: Where approved because of historical, safety, signage, or emergency considerations.
Specialized signal, directional and marker lighting associated with transportation;
Advertising signage or directional signage;
Integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer;
Theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film production and video production;
Athletic playing areas;
Temporary lighting;
Industrial production, material handling, transportation sites and associated storage areas;
Theme elements in theme/amusement parks; and
Used to highlight features of public monuments and registered historic landmark structures or buildings.
(Base allowance is
usable in tradable or
nontradable surfaces.)
(Lighting power
densities for uncovered
parking areas, building
and outdoor sales areas
are tradable.)
0.7 W/linear foot 0.7 W/linear foot 0.8 W/linear foot 1.0 W/linear foot
0.14 W/ft2 0.14 W/ft2 0.16 W/ft2 0.2 W/ft2
0.6 W/ft2 0.6 W/ft2 0.8 W/ft2 1.0 W/ft2
0.25 W/ft2 0.25 W/ft2 0.5 W/ft2 0.7 W/ft2
No allowance 10 W/linear foot 10 W/linear foot 30 W/linear foot
between surfaces or
with other exterior
lighting. The
following allowances
to any allowance otherwise
“Tradable Surfaces”
section of this table.)
Building facades No allowance 0.1 W/ft2 for each
surface or 2.5 W/linear
0.15 W/ft2 for each
0.2 W/ft2 for each
270 W per location plus
guarded facilities
0.75 W/ft2 of covered
0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area 0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area 0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area 0.5 W/ft2 of covered
800 W per main entry 800 W per main entry 800 W per main entry 800 W per main entry
Efficient HVAC Performance in accordance with Section C406.2.
Efficient Lighting System in accordance with Section C406.3.
Equipment shall meet the minimum efficiency requirements of Tables C406.2.(1) through C406.2(7) in addition to the requirements in Section C403. This section shall only be used where the equipment efficiencies in Tables C406.2(1) through C406.2(7) are greater than the equipment efficiencies listed in Table C403.2.3(1) through 403.2.3(7) for the equipment type.
MINIMUM EFFICIENCYa
< 65,000 Btu/h Split system 15.0 SEER 14 SEER
12.5 EER 12 EER
Single package 15.0 SEER 14.0 SEER
12.0 EER 11.6 EER
Split system and single package 12.0 EERb 11.5 EERb
12.54 IEERb 12.0 EERbb
Split system and single package 10.8 EERb 10.5 EERb
11.3 IEERb 11.0 IEERb
≥ 760,000 Btu/h — 10.2 EERb 9.7 EERb
10.7 IEERb 10.2 IEERb
and evaporatively cooled
— Split system and single package 14.0 EER 14.0 EER
IEERs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
< 65,000 Btu/h Split system 15.0 SEER, 14.0 SEER,
12.5 EER 12.0 EER
Single package 15.0 SEER, 14.0 SEER
Split system and single package 12.0 SEER, 11.5 EERb,
12.4 EER 12.0 IEERb
≥ 240,000 Btu/h Split system and single package 12.0 SEER, 10.5 EERb,
12.4 EER 10.5 IEERb
< 135,000 Btu/h 85°F entering water 14.0 EER 14.0 EER
Split system 9.0 HSPF 8.5 HSPF
47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air 3.4 COP 3.4 COP
47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air 3.2 COP 3.2 COP
70°F entering water 4.6 COP 4.6 COP
IEERs and Part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
< 7,000 Btu/h 11.9 EER
WARM AIR FURNACES AND COMBINATION WARM AIR FURNACES/AIR-CONDITIONING UNITS, WARM AIR DUCT FURNACES AND UNIT HEATERS, EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
MINIMUM EFFICIENCY TEST PROCEDURE
gas fireda
< 225,000 Btu/h — For Climate Zones 1 and 2 NR DOE 10 CFR Part 430
oil fireda
Efficient furnace fan: Fossil fuel furnaces in climate zones 3 to 8 shall have a furnace electricity ratio not greater than 2 percent and shall include a manufacturer’s designation of the furnace electricity ratio.
Units shall also include an IID (intermittent ignition device), have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.
Where there are two ratings for units not covered by NAECA (3-phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h [19 kW]), units shall be permitted to comply with either rating.
> 300,000 Btu / h and > 2.5 m Btu/h DOE 10 CFR Part 431 81% Et
Air-cooled chillers with condenser, electrically operated < 150 tons EER 10.000 12.500 NA NA AHRI 550/ 590f
Air-cooled without condenser, electrical operated All capacities EER Condenserless units shall be rated with matched condensers AHRI 550/ 590f
Water-cooled, electrically operated, positive displacement (reciprocating) All capacities kw/ton Reciprocating units required to comply with water cooled positive displacement requirements AHRI 550/ 590f
Water-cooled electrically operated, positive displacement < 75 tons kw/ton 0.780 0.630 0.800 0.600 AHRI 550/590f
≥ 75 tons and
kw/ton 0.775 0.615 0.790 0.586
Water-cooled electrically operated, centrifugald < 150 tons kw/ton 0.634 0.596 0.639 0.450 AHRI 550/590f
Compliance with this standard can be obtained by meeting the minimum requirements of Path A or Path B. However both the full load and IPLV shall be met to fulfill the requirements of Path A and Path B.
Path B is intended for applications with significant operating time at part load. All Path B machines shall be equipped with demand limiting capable controls.
The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers used in low-temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is greater than 40°F.
Only allowed to be used in heat recovery applications.
Packages that are not designed for operation at ARI Standard 550/590 test conditions (and, thus, cannot be tested to meet the requirements of Table C-3) of 44°F leaving chilled-water temperature and 85°F entering condenser-water temperature with 3 gpm/ton condenser-water flow shall have maximum full-load kW/ton and NPLV ratings adjusted using the following equation:
Kadj = 6.174722 – 0.303668(X) + 0.00629466(X)2 – 0.000045780(X)3
X = DTstd + LIFT (°F)
LIFT = CEWT - CLWT (°F)
In cases where both a general building area type and a more specific building area type are listed, the more specific building area type shall apply.
First LPD value applies if no less than 30 percent of conditioned floor area is in daylight zones. Automatic daylighting controls shall be installed in daylight zones and shall meet the requirements of Section C405.2.2.3. In all other cases, second LPD value applies.
No less than 70 percent of the floor area shall be in the daylight zone. Automatic daylighting controls shall be installed in daylight zones and shall meet the requirements of Section C405.2.2.3.
Provide not less than 1.75 Btu (1850 W), or not less than 0.50 watts per square foot (5.4 W/m2) of conditioned floor area.
An inspection checklist documenting the building component characteristics of the proposed design as listed in Table C407.5.1(1). The inspection checklist shall show the estimated annual energy cost for both the standard reference design and the proposed design;
Documentation of the building component characteristics of the standard reference design;
Thermal zoning diagrams consisting of floor plans showing the thermal zoning scheme for standard reference design and proposed design;
Input and output report(s) from the energy analysis simulation program containing the complete input and output files, as applicable. The output file shall include energy use totals and energy use by energy source and end-use served, total hours that space conditioning loads are not met and any errors or warning messages generated by the simulation tool as applicable;
An explanation of any error or warning messages appearing in the simulation tool output; and
A certification signed by the builder providing the building component characteristics of the proposed design as given in Table C407.5.1(1).
STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN PROPOSED DESIGN
1. The proposed glazing area; where the proposed glazing area is
less than 40 percent of above-grade wall area.
2. 40 percent of above-grade wall area; where the proposed
glazing area is 40 percent or more of the above-grade wall area.
requirement (NR) SHGC = 0.40 shall be used
1. The proposed skylight area; where the proposed skylight area is less
than 3 percent of gross area of roof assembly.
2. 3 percent of gross area of roof assembly; where the proposed skylight
area is 3 percent or more of gross area of roof assembly
requirement (NR) SHGC = 0.40 shall be used.
the lighting power density shall be 1.0 Watt per square foot (10.73
W/m2) based on the categorization of buildings with unknown space
classification as offices.
Lighting, exterior The lighting power shall be determined in accordance with
Table C405.6.2(2). Areas and dimensions of tradable and nontradable
surfaces shall be the same as proposed.
safety factors are provided than in the proposed design.
Economizerd: same as proposed, in accordance with Section C403.4.1. As proposed
If an economizer is required in accordance with Table C403.3.1(1), and if no economizer exists or is specified in the proposed design, then a supply air economizer shall be provided in accordance with Section C403.4.1.
Single-zone Nonresidential
Select “water/ground” if the proposed design system condenser is water or evaporatively cooled; select “air/none” if the condenser is air cooled. Closed-circuit dry coolers shall be considered air cooled. Systems utilizing district cooling shall be treated as if the condenser water type were “water.” If no mechanical cooling is specified or the mechanical cooling system in the proposed design does not require heat rejection, the system shall be treated as if the condenser water type were “Air.” For proposed designs with ground-source or groundwater-source heat pumps, the standard reference design HVAC system shall be water-source heat pump (System 6).
Select the path that corresponds to the proposed design heat source: electric resistance, heat pump (including air source and water source), or fuel fired. Systems utilizing district heating (steam or hot water) and systems with no heating capability shall be treated as if the heating system type were “fossil fuel.” For systems with mixed fuel heating sources, the system or systems that use the secondary heating source type (the one with the smallest total installed output capacity for the spaces served by the system) shall be modeled identically in the standard reference design and the primary heating source type shall be used to determine standard reference design HVAC system type.
Select the standard reference design HVAC system category: The system under “single-zone residential system” shall be selected if the HVAC system in the proposed design is a single-zone system and serves a residential space. The system under “single-zone nonresidential system” shall be selected if the HVAC system in the proposed design is a single-zone system and serves other than residential spaces. The system under “all other” shall be selected for all other cases.
VAV with parallel boxes: Fans in parallel VAV fan-powered boxes shall be sized for 50 percent of the peak design flow rate and shall be modeled with 0.35 W/cfm fan power. Minimum volume setpoints for fan-powered boxes shall be equal to the minimum rate for the space required for ventilation consistent with Section C403.4.5, Exception 5. Supply air temperature setpoint shall be constant at the design condition.
VAV with reheat: Minimum volume setpoints for VAV reheat boxes shall be 0.4 cfm/ft2 of floor area. Supply air temperature shall be reset based on zone demand from the design temperature difference to a 10°F temperature difference under minimum load conditions. Design airflow rates shall be sized for the reset supply air temperature, i.e., a 10°F temperature difference.
VAV: Constant volume can be modeled if the system qualifies for Exception 1, Section C403.4.5. When the proposed design system has a supply, return or relief fan motor 25 horsepower (hp) or larger, the corresponding fan in the VAV system of the standard reference design shall be modeled assuming a variable speed drive. For smaller fans, a forward-curved centrifugal fan with inlet vanes shall be modeled. If the proposed design's system has a direct digital control system at the zone level, static pressure setpoint reset based on zone requirements in accordance with Section C403.4.2 shall be modeled.
Chilled water: For systems using purchased chilled water, the chillers are not explicitly modeled and chilled water costs shall be based as determined in Sections C407.3 and C407.5.2. Otherwise, the standard reference design’s chiller plant shall be modeled with chillers having the number as indicated in Table C407.5.1(4) as a function of standard reference building chiller plant load and type as indicated in Table C407.5.1(5) as a function of individual chiller load. Where chiller fuel source is mixed, the system in the standard reference design shall have chillers with the same fuel types and with capacities having the same proportional capacity as the proposed design’s chillers for each fuel type. Chilled water supply temperature shall be modeled at 44°F design supply temperature and 56°F return temperature. Piping losses shall not be modeled in either building model. Chilled water supply water temperature shall be reset in accordance with Section C403.4.3.4. Pump system power for each pumping system shall be the same as the proposed design; if the proposed design has no chilled water pumps, the standard reference design pump power shall be 22 W/gpm (equal to a pump operating against a 75-foot head, 65-percent combined impeller and motor efficiency). The chilled water system shall be modeled as primary-only variable flow with flow maintained at the design rate through each chiller using a bypass. Chilled water pumps shall be modeled as riding the pump curve or with variable-speed drives when required in Section C403.4.3.4. The heat rejection device shall be an axial fan cooling tower with two-speed fans if required in Section C403.4.4. Condenser water design supply temperature shall be 85°F or 10°F approach to design wet-bulb temperature, whichever is lower, with a design temperature rise of 10°F. The tower shall be controlled to maintain a 70°F leaving water temperature where weather permits, floating up to leaving water temperature at design conditions. Pump system power for each pumping system shall be the same as the proposed design; if the proposed design has no condenser water pumps, the standard reference design pump power shall be 19 W/gpm (equal to a pump operating against a 60-foot head, 60-percent combined impeller and motor efficiency). Each chiller shall be modeled with separate condenser water and chilled water pumps interlocked to operate with the associated chiller.
Fossil fuel boiler: For systems using purchased hot water or steam, the boilers are not explicitly modeled and hot water or steam costs shall be based on actual utility rates. Otherwise, the boiler plant shall use the same fuel as the proposed design and shall be natural draft. The standard reference design boiler plant shall be modeled with a single boiler if the standard reference design plant load is 600,000 Btu/h and less and with two equally sized boilers for plant capacities exceeding 600,000 Btu/h. Boilers shall be staged as required by the load. Hot water supply temperature shall be modeled at 180°F design supply temperature and 130°F return temperature. Piping losses shall not be modeled in either building model. Hot water supply water temperature shall be reset in accordance with Section C403.4.3.4. Pump system power for each pumping system shall be the same as the proposed design; if the proposed design has no hot water pumps, the standard reference design pump power shall be 19 W/gpm (equal to a pump operating against a 60-foot head, 60-percent combined impeller and motor efficiency). The hot water system shall be modeled as primary only with continuous variable flow. Hot water pumps shall be modeled as riding the pump curve or with variable speed drives when required by Section C403.4.3.4.
Electric heat pump and boiler: Water-source heat pumps shall be connected to a common heat pump water loop controlled to maintain temperatures between 60°F and 90°F. Heat rejection from the loop shall be provided by an axial fan closed-circuit evaporative fluid cooler with two-speed fans if required in Section C403.4.2. Heat addition to the loop shall be provided by a boiler that uses the same fuel as the proposed design and shall be natural draft. If no boilers exist in the proposed design, the standard reference building boilers shall be fossil fuel. The standard reference design boiler plant shall be modeled with a single boiler if the standard reference design plant load is 600,000 Btu/h or less and with two equally sized boilers for plant capacities exceeding 600,000 Btu/h. Boilers shall be staged as required by the load. Piping losses shall not be modeled in either building model. Pump system power shall be the same as the proposed design; if the proposed design has no pumps, the standard reference design pump power shall be 22 W/gpm, which is equal to a pump operating against a 75-foot head, with a 65-percent combined impeller and motor efficiency. Loop flow shall be variable with flow shutoff at each heat pump when its compressor cycles off as required by Section C403.4.3.3. Loop pumps shall be modeled as riding the pump curve or with variable speed drives when required by Section C403.4.3.4.
Electric heat pump: Electric air-source heat pumps shall be modeled with electric auxiliary heat. The system shall be controlled with a multistage space thermostat and an outdoor air thermostat wired to energize auxiliary heat only on the last thermostat stage and when outdoor air temperature is less than 40°F.
Constant volume: Fans shall be controlled in the same manner as in the proposed design; i.e., fan operation whenever the space is occupied or fan operation cycled on calls for heating and cooling. If the fan is modeled as cycling and the fan energy is included in the energy efficiency rating of the equipment, fan energy shall not be modeled explicitly.
Screw Double-effect absorption, direct fired
Building operation for a full calendar year (8,760 hours).
Climate data for a full calendar year (8,760 hours) and shall reflect approved coincident hourly data for temperature, solar radiation, humidity and wind speed for the building location.
Ten or more thermal zones.
Thermal mass effects.
Hourly variations in occupancy, illumination, receptacle loads, thermostat settings, mechanical ventilation, HVAC equipment availability, service hot water usage and any process loads.
Part-load performance curves for mechanical equipment.
Capacity and efficiency correction curves for mechanical heating and cooling equipment.
Printed code official inspection checklist listing each of the proposed design component characteristics from Table C407.5.1(1) determined by the analysis to provide compliance, along with their respective performance ratings (e.g., R-value, U-factor, SHGC, HSPF, AFUE, SEER, EF, etc.).
Where calculations require input values not specified by Sections C402, C403, C404 and C405, those input values shall be taken from an approved source.
Mechanical systems in buildings where the total mechanical equipment capacity is less than 480,000 Btu/h (140 690 W) cooling capacity and 600,000 Btu/h (175 860 W) heating capacity.
Systems included in Section C403.3 that serve dwelling units and sleeping units in hotels, motels, boarding houses or similar units.
All modes as described in the sequence of operation;
Redundant or automatic back-up mode;
Performance of alarms; and
HVAC controls system maintenance and calibration information, including wiring diagrams, schematics, and control sequence descriptions. Desired or field-determined setpoints shall be permanently recorded on control drawings at control devices or, for digital control systems, in system programming instructions.
Testing shall ensure that control hardware and software are calibrated, adjusted, programmed and in proper working condition in accordance with the construction documents and manufacturer’s installation instructions. The construction documents shall state the party who will conduct the required functional testing. Where required by the code official, an approved party independent from the design or construction of the project shall be responsible for the functional testing and shall provide documentation to the code official certifying that the installed lighting controls meet the provisions of Section C405.
Confirm that the placement, sensitivity and time-out adjustments for occupant sensors yield acceptable performance.
Confirm that the time switches and programmable schedule controls are programmed to turn the lights off.
Confirm that the placement and sensitivity adjustments for photosensor controls reduce electric light based on the amount of usable daylight in the space as specified.