Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100158822A1/en
Timestamp: 2018-06-24 19:40:56
Document Index: 627028187

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 61', 'Application No. 2006', 'Application No. 2006', '§1', '§1', 'Application No. 61']

US20100158822A1 - Peptides that bind to silica-coated particles - Google Patents
Peptides that bind to silica-coated particles Download PDF
US20100158822A1
US20100158822A1 US12632829 US63282909A US20100158822A1 US 20100158822 A1 US20100158822 A1 US 20100158822A1 US 12632829 US12632829 US 12632829 US 63282909 A US63282909 A US 63282909A US 20100158822 A1 US20100158822 A1 US 20100158822A1
US12632829
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/138,631 filed Dec. 18, 2008, incorporated herein by reference.
Proteinaceous materials having strong affinity for a body surface have been used for targeted delivery of one or more personal care benefit agents. However, many of these materials used for targeted delivery are comprised or derived from immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin fragments (antibodies, antibody fragments, Fab, single-chain variable fragments (scFv), and Camelidae VHH) having affinity for the target surface. For example, Horikoshi et al. in JP 08104614 and Igarashi et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,386 describe hair coloring agents that consist of an anti-keratin antibody covalently attached to a dye or pigment. The antibody binds to the hair, thereby enhancing the binding of the hair coloring agent to the hair. Similarly, Kizawa et al. in JP 09003100 describe an antibody that recognizes the surface layer of hair and its use to treat hair. A hair coloring agent consisting of that anti-hair antibody coupled to colored latex particles is also described. The use of antibodies to enhance the binding of dyes to the hair is effective in increasing the durability of the hair coloring material. However, the use of antibodies may not be possible in personal care products as they are difficult and expensive to produce.
Terada et al. in JP 2002363026 describe the use of conjugates consisting of single-chain antibodies, preferably anti-keratin, coupled to dyes, ligands, and cosmetic agents for skin and hair care compositions. Although single-chain antibodies may be prepared using genetic engineering techniques, these molecules are expensive to prepare and may not be suitable for use in commercial personal care products due to their conserved structure (i.e., immunoglobulin folds) and large size.
Non-immunoglobulin derived scaffold proteins have also been developed for targeted delivery of benefit agents to a target surface, such as delivery of cosmetic agents to keratin-containing materials (See Binz, H. et al. (2005) Nature Biotechnology 23, 1257-1268 for a review of various proteins used in scaffold-assisted binding). Findlay in WO 00/048558 describes the use of calycin-like scaffold proteins, such as β-lactoglobulin, which contain a binding domain for a cosmetic agent and another binding domain that binds to at least a part of the surface of a hair fiber or skin surface, for conditioners, dyes, and perfumes. Houtzager et al. in WO 03/050283 and US 2006/0140889 also describe affinity proteins having a defined core scaffold structure for controlled application of cosmetic substances. As with immunoglobulin-like proteins, these large scaffold protein are somewhat limited by the requirement to maintain the underlying conserved scaffold structure for effective binding and are expensive to produce.
Single chain peptide-based reagents lacking a scaffold support or immunoglobulin fold have been developed that can be used to couple benefit agents (such as colorants and conditioners) to a target surface. Examples of target surfaces include, but not are limited to body surfaces such as hair, skin, nail, and teeth (U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,220,405; 7,309,482; and 7,285,264; U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005-0226839; 2007-0196305; 2006-0199206; 2007-0065387; 2008-0107614; 2007-0110686; and 2006-0073111; and published PCT applications WO2008/054746; WO2004/048399, and WO2008/073368). However, the use of peptide-based reagents comprising one of the present silica-binding peptides for delivery of a silica-coated particle is not described.
Whaley et al. (Nature 405:626-627 (2000)) describes several peptides that bind to metals and metal oxides used in the semiconductor industry, such as gallium arsenide and silicon. Whaley et al. does not describe peptide-based body surface reagents for delivery of silica-coated particulate benefit agents for use in person care compositions.
Sarikaya et al. (Nat. Mater. (2003) 2:577-585) provides a comprehensive review of biomimetic nanostructures that can be achieved using peptides selected against various inorganic surfaces, including SiO2, CaCO3, and Fe2O3.
Naik et al. describes in WO2003/078451 (corresponding to U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2006-0035223) and in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2006-0172282 several silica-binding peptides identified by phage display. However, Naik et al. does not describe use of silica-binding peptides in peptide-based reagents for use in personal care products.
In view of the above, a need exists to identify additional silica-binding peptides for use in peptide-based reagents for delivering silica-coated particulate benefit agents to body surfaces such as hair, skin, nails, and teeth. In a preferred embodiment, the silica-binding peptides are those capable of binding to the surface of a silica-coated particulate benefit agent under highly stringent conditions. In a preferred embodiment, the silica-binding peptides should be shampoo resistant.
Applicants have addressed the stated need by identifying peptide sequences that bind with high affinity to silica. One or more of the present silica-binding peptides can be coupled with one or more body surface-binding peptides to provide peptide-based body surface reagents that may be used in combination with a silica-coated particulate benefit agent in personal care compositions.
Silica-binding peptides and peptide-based reagents comprising at least one of the present silica-binding peptides are provided. Peptide-based reagents comprising at least one body surface-binding peptide and at least one silica-binding peptide and may be used in conjunction with a silica-coated particulate benefit agent to couple the silica-coated benefit agent to a body surface.
In one embodiment, silica-binding peptide is provided having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27.
In another embodiment, a peptide-based reagent is provided selected from the group consisting of:
[(BSBP)m-(SiBP)n]x; and
[[(BSBP)m-Sq]x-[(SiBP)n-Sr]z]y,;
ii) SiBP is a silica-binding peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27;
In another embodiment, a method for coupling a silica-coated particulate benefit agent to a body surface is provided comprising:
i) at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent; and
ii) at least one peptide-based reagent; and
b) applying the at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent of (a)(i) and the at least one peptide-based reagent of (a)(ii) to a body surface whereby the peptide-based reagent couples the silica-coated particulate benefit agent to the body surface.
In another embodiment, the above method further comprises the step of: c) applying at least one polymeric sealant to the body surface subsequent to step (b).
In one embodiment, the body surface is selected from the group consisting of hair, skin, nail, and tooth. In another embodiment, the body surface is tooth. In further embodiment, the body surface is tooth enamel or tooth pellicle.
In a preferred embodiment, the silica-coated particulate benefit agent is a silica-coated colorant.
The invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying sequence descriptions, which form part of this application.
The following sequences conform with 37 C.F.R. §§1.821-1.825 (“Requirements for Patent Applications Containing Nucleotide Sequences and/or Amino Acid Sequence Disclosures—the Sequence Rules”) and consistent with World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Standard ST.25 (1998) and the sequence listing requirements of the EPO and PCT (Rules 5.2 and 49.5(a-bis), and Section 208 and Annex C of the Administrative Instructions). The symbols and format used for nucleotide and amino acid sequence data comply with the rules set forth in 37C.F.R. §1.822.
SEQ ID NOs: 212-251, 263-293, and 295-297 are amino acid sequences of tooth-binding peptides.
SEQ ID NO: 252 is the amino acid sequence of the Caspase 3 cleavage site.
SEQ ID NO: 262 is the nucleic acid sequence of an oligonucleotide primer used to sequence phage DNA.
SEQ ID NO: 294 is the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide used as a control in Example 6.
Provided herein are peptide-based reagents comprising at least one body surface-binding peptide and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides. The peptide-based reagents may include one or more optional molecular spacers. The peptide-based reagents may be used in conjunction with at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent to couple the silica-coated particulate benefit agent to a body surface. In one embodiment, the silica-coated particulate benefit agent comprises colorants (pigments, dyes and/or lakes), conditioning agents, antimicrobial agents, and pharmaceutically active benefit agents. In another embodiment, the silica-coated particulate benefit agent is a silica-coated pigment, such as silica-coated iron oxide or silica-coated titanium dioxide.
As used herein, “TSBP” means target surface-binding peptide(s). The target surface-binding peptides described herein may refer to body surface-binding peptides and silica-binding peptides. The target-surface-binding peptides typically range in size from 7 to about 60 amino acids in length. Individual target surface-binding peptides will be referred to herein as a binding “fingers”. Linking together multiple “fingers” forms a binding domain or binding “hand” for the respective target surface. In one embodiment, each “finger” is a combinatorially-generated peptide isolated using biopanning, such as phage display or mRNA display
The term “body surface” refers to any surface of the human body that may serve as a substrate for the binding of a peptide-based reagent and a silica-coated particulate benefit agent. Typical body surfaces may include, but are not limited to hair, skin, nails, teeth, and tissues of the oral cavity, such as gums. In a preferred embodiment, the body surface is selected from the group consisting of hair, skin, nails, teeth, and tissues of the oral cavity, such as gums.
As used herein, “BSBP” may be used to refer to a body surface-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of hair-binding peptides, skin-binding peptides, nail-binding peptides, tooth-binding peptides, and peptides that have a specific affinity for oral cavity tissues, such as the gums. A body surface-binding peptide is a peptide that may range in size from about 7 amino acids to about 60 amino acids in length that binds with high affinity to at least one body surface. Each body-surface-binding peptide may be referred to herein as a binding “finger”. Multiple peptide “fingers” may be linked together to form a binding domain (a binding “hand”) having affinity for the respective body surface. In one embodiment, each “finger” may be a peptide isolated from a peptide library using biopanning.
As used herein, “SiBP” means silica-binding peptide. A silica-binding peptide is a target surface-binding peptide ranging in size from about 7 amino acids to about 60 amino acids in length that binds with high affinity to silica. In one embodiment, silica may be applied to a particulate benefit agent to provide a partial or complete silica coating on the particulate benefit agent (i.e., a “silica-coated particulate benefit agent”. In one embodiment, the silica-coated particulate benefit agent is a silica-coated pigment. Means to apply an effective amount of a silica coating to a particulate benefit agent, such as a pigment, are well-known in the art (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,885,366 to Iler).
As used herein, the terms “peptide-based reagent” and “peptide-based body surface reagent” will be used to refer to a single chain peptide comprising at least one portion having affinity for a body surface and at least one portion having affinity for a surface comprising an effective amount of silica. The peptide-based reagent may range in size from about 14 to about 600 amino acids in length and is not comprised of an immunoglobulin fold and does not require scaffold-assisted binding (i.e., the present peptide-based reagent is not comprised of a naturally-occurring scaffold protein used in scaffold-assisted binding; See Binz, H. et al. (2005) Nature Biotechnology 23, 1257-1268 for a review of various scaffold proteins used in scaffold-assisted binding). The peptide-based reagent is typically comprised of a first domain having affinity for a body surface and a second domain having affinity for a surface comprising silica. The peptide-based reagent may further comprise a “peptide bridge” separating the first domain from the second domain. The first and/or second domains may be comprised of a single peptide “finger” or may be comprised of a plurality of target surface-binding peptides, optionally separated with one or more peptide linkers.
As used herein, “S” means “spacer” or “linker”. Depending upon the location of the peptide spacer in the peptide-based reagent, the peptide spacer may also be referred to as a “peptide linker” or a “peptide bridge”. In one embodiment, the “spacer” may be a peptide linker. In another embodiment, the spacer may be a peptide bridge used to separate two or more binding domains.
As used herein, the term “pigment” refers to an insoluble, organic or inorganic colorant. It is a material that changes the color of light it reflects as the result of selective color absorption.
As used herein, the term “hair” as used herein refers to human hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes. As used herein, the term “hair-binding peptide” (HBP) refers to a peptide that binds with strong affinity to hair. Examples of hair-binding peptides are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 35-161. The hair-binding fingers may be linked together to form hair-binding domains (“hands”).
As used herein, the term “skin-binding peptide” (SBP) refers to a peptide that binds with strong affinity to skin. Examples of skin-binding peptides (“fingers”) have also been reported (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/069,858 to Buseman-Williams; WO 2004/000257 to Rothe et. al; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/696,380). Examples of skin-binding peptides are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 157-209. The skin-binding fingers may be linked together to form skin-binding domains (“hands”).
As used herein, the term “nails” as used herein refers to human fingernails and toenails. As used herein, the term “nail-binding peptide” (NBP) refers to a peptide that binds with strong affinity to nail. Examples of nail-binding peptides (“fingers”) are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 210-211. The nail-binding fingers may be linked together to form nail-binding domains (“hands”).
As used herein, the term “oral cavity surface-binding peptide” refers to a peptide that binds with strong affinity to surfaces such as teeth, gums, cheeks, tongue, or other surfaces in the oral cavity. In one embodiment, the oral cavity surface-binding peptide is a peptide that binds with strong affinity to a tooth surface.
As used herein, the term “tooth-binding peptide” (TBP) will refer to a peptide that binds with strong affinity to tooth enamel and/or tooth pellicle. Examples of biopanned tooth-binding peptides (“fingers”) having been disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/877,692 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/164,476 and are provided herein as SEQ ID NOs: 212-251, 263-293, and 295-297. The tooth-binding fingers may be linked together to form tooth-binding domains (“hands”).
The term “tooth surface” will refer to a surface comprised of tooth enamel (typically exposed after professional cleaning or polishing) or tooth pellicle (an acquired surface comprising salivary glycoproteins). Hydroxyapatite may be coated with salivary glycoproteins to mimic a natural tooth pellicle surface and may also be used for the identification of tooth-binding peptides (tooth enamel is predominantly comprised of hydroxyapatite).
As used herein, the terms “pellicle” and “tooth pellicle” will refer to the thin film (typically about 20 nm to about 200 μm in thickness) derived from salivary glycoproteins which forms over the surface of the tooth crown. Daily tooth brushing tends to only remove a portion of the pellicle surface while abrasive tooth cleaning and/or polishing will typically exposure more of the tooth enamel surface.
As used herein, the term “peptide linker” refers to a peptide ranging in size from 1 to 60 amino acids in length, preferably 3 to about 50 amino acids in length that is used to link together two target surface-binding peptides (“fingers”) to form a binding domain (“hand”). Examples of peptide linkers are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 253-257. In one embodiment, the peptide linker is the “TonB” linker provided as SEQ ID NO: 255.
As used herein, the term “peptide bridge” refers to a peptide ranging in size from 1 to 60 amino acids in length that is used to link together two binding domains (“hands”) or to link together a single binding “hand” directly to a benefit agent. Examples of peptide “bridges” are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 258-261.
As used herein, the terms “coupling” and “coupled” refer to any chemical association and includes both covalent and non-covalent interactions. In one embodiment, the silica-coated particulate benefit agent is coupled to a body surface by at least one of the present peptide-based reagents using non-covalent interactions.
The term “stringency” as it is applied to the selection of the target-surface-binding peptides, refers to the concentration of the eluting agent (usually detergent) used to elute peptides from the target surface. Higher concentrations of the eluting agent provide more stringent conditions. The
present silica-binding peptides were selected under highly stringent conditions (i.e., those resistant to washing conditions that included 0.5 wt % TWEEN® 20 and 30 wt % shampoo).
As used herein, the term “benefit agent” refers to colorants, whitening agents (e.g., bleaching agents, white pigments), conditioning agents, sunscreen agents, antimicrobial agents, nutrients (such as vitamins and essential oils), and pharmaceutically active benefit agents that are particulates and/or encapsulated on and/or in a particulate material (comprising an effective amount of silica). In one embodiment, the benefit agent is a particulate material and may be referred to herein as a “particulate benefit agent”. In another embodiment, the particulate benefit agent is a pigment coated with an effective amount of silica.
As used herein, the term “silica-coated particulate benefit agent” refers to a particulate benefit agent that is coated with silica or comprises a surface comprising silica in an amount capable of binding to one or the present silica-binding peptides. The particulate benefit agent may be partially or completely coated in silica so long as an effective amount of silica is present on the surface of the particle whereby the silica-coated particulate benefit agent binds with strong affinity to at least one of the present silica-binding peptides. Means to prepare silica-coated particles are well known in the art. For example, silica-coated particles can be made by the methods disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,885,366 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,197,274.
As used herein, the term “effective amount of silica” or “effective amount of silicon dioxide” refers to an amount of silicon dioxide that provides a surface (comprising silica) capable of binding to one or more of the present silica-binding peptides, preferably with strong affinity. One of skill in the art can determine an effective amount by measuring an increase in binding of the silica-coated particulate benefit agent to a body surface when used in combination with one or more of the present peptide-based reagents comprising at least one silica-binding peptide, preferably at least one of the present silica-binding peptides.
As used herein, the term “MB50” refers to the concentration of the binding peptide that gives a signal that is 50% of the maximum signal obtained in an ELISA-based binding assay (See Example 3). The MB50 value provides an indication of the strength of the binding interaction. A lower MB50 values correlate with a stronger binding affinity between the peptide and the respective substrate.
As used herein, the terms “strong affinity” and “high affinity” refer to a binding affinity, as measured as an MB50 value of KD value, of 10−4 M or less, preferably less than 10−6 M, more preferably less than 10−6 M, more preferably less than 10−7 M, even more preferably less than 10−8 M, and most preferably less than 10−9 M.
Any naturally-occurring amino Xaa X
acid (or as defined herein)
Silica-Binding Peptides
Silica-binding peptides are peptide sequences that bind with strong affinity to a surface comprising silica (i.e., silicon dioxide; SiO2). Particulate benefit agents comprising an effective amount of a silica, such as a silica coating, can be prepared that bind to one or more of the present silica-binding peptides. As such, peptides having strong affinity for a silica coating can be used to prepare peptide-based reagents capable of coupling a silica-coated particulate benefit agent to a body surface.
Peptides having an affinity for a target surface may be selected using combinatorial methods that are well-known in the art or may be empirically generated. The present silica-binding peptides typically have a binding affinity for silica, as measured by an MB50 value or KD value, of less than or equal to about 10−4 M, preferably less than or equal to about 10−6 M, more preferably less than or equal to about 10−6 M, more preferably less than or equal to about 10−7 M, even more preferably less than or equal to about 10−8 M, and even more preferably less than or equal to about 10−9 M. In one embodiment, the term “high affinity” or “strong affinity” will be used to describe silica-binding peptides having a binding affinity, as measured by MB50, less than or equal to about 10−6M, preferably less than or equal to about 10−6 M, more preferably less than or equal to about 10−7M, and even more preferably less than or equal to about 10−8.
The present silica-binding peptides comprise an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27.
Additional target surface-binding peptides (e.g., such as additional body surface-binding peptides that may be used in conjunction with the present silica-binding peptides to prepare peptide-based reagents) may be combinatorially-generated and may range in length from about 7 amino acids to about 60 amino acids, preferably 7 to 35 amino acids in length, and even more preferably from about 7 amino acids to about 20 amino acids in length. The target surface-binding peptides may be generated randomly (to form a peptide library) and then selected against the respective target surface, such as a body surface. Methods to identify and select peptides from peptide libraries may be accomplished by any number of techniques including, but not limited to, bacterial display (Kemp, D. J.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78(7): 4520-4524 (1981); yeast display (Chien et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88(21): 9578-82 (1991)), combinatorial solid phase peptide synthesis (U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,754; U.S. Pat. No. 5,480,971; U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,275 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,603), phage display technology (U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,409; U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,484; U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,698; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,500), ribosome display (U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,768; U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,754; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,074,557), and mRNA display technology (PROFUSION™; U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,558; U.S. Pat. No. 6,518,018; U.S. Pat. No. 6,281,344; U.S. Pat. No. 6,214,553; U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,804; U.S. Pat. No. 6,207,446; U.S. Pat. No. 6,846,655; U.S. Pat. No. 6,312,927; U.S. Pat. No. 6,602,685; U.S. Pat. No. 6,416,950; U.S. Pat. No. 6,429,300; U.S. Pat. No. 7,078,197; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,436,665). Techniques to generate such biological peptide libraries are described in Dani, M., J. of Receptor & Signal Transduction Res., 21(4):447-468 (2001). Additionally, phage display libraries are available commercially from companies such as New England BioLabs (Beverly, Mass.).
A number of substances may be used to vary the stringency of the buffer solution in peptide selection including, but not limited to, acidic pH (1.5-3.0); basic pH (9-12.5); high salt concentrations such as MgCl2 (3-5 M) and LiCl (5-10 M); water; ethylene glycol (25-50%); dioxane (5-20%); thiocyanate (1-5 M); guanidine (2-5 M); urea (2-8 M); and various concentrations of different surfactants such as SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), DOC (sodium deoxycholate), Nonidet P-40, Triton X-100, TWEEN® 20, wherein TWEEN® 20 is preferred. These substances may be prepared in buffer solutions including, but not limited to, Tris-HCl, Tris-buffered saline, Tris-borate, Tris-acetic acid, triethylamine, phosphate buffer, and glycine-HCl, wherein Tris-buffered saline solution is preferred.
As many of the peptide-based reagents will be used in personal care products comprising significant amounts of surfactants/detergents (such as a shampoo), the stringency of the washing steps may be increased to select only those peptides having the highest binding affinity. In one embodiment, the washing conditions will include at least 1 wt % shampoo, preferably at least 5 wt %, even more preferably at least 10 wt %, even more preferably at least 20 wt %, and most preferably at least 30 wt % shampoo. In one embodiment, peptides that are resistant to washing conditions that includes a shampoo will be referred to herein as “shampoo resistant”. Particularly preferred peptides are those that are resistant to washing conditions that include at least 30 wt % shampoo (such as the present “shampoo-resistant silica-binding peptides”).
To identify peptide sequences that bind to one substrate but not to another, for example peptides that bind to another surface (i.e., a “non-target” surface; for example, another inorganic material or a body surface such as hair, skin, nail, teeth, etc.), a subtractive panning step may be added. Specifically, the library of combinatorially generated phage-peptides is first contacted with the non-target to remove phage-peptides that bind to it. Then, the non-binding phage-peptides are contacted with the desired substrate and the above process is followed. Alternatively, the library of combinatorially generated phage-peptides may be contacted with the non-target and the desired substrate simultaneously. Then, the phage-peptide-target surface complexes are separated from the phage-peptide-non-target complexes and the method described above is followed for the desired phage-peptide-target surface complexes.
In one embodiment, a modified phage display screening method for isolating peptides with a higher affinity for the target surface may be used. In the modified method, the phage-peptide-target surface complexes may be formed as described above. Then, these complexes are treated with an elution buffer. Any of the elution buffers described above may be used. Preferably, the elution buffer is an acidic solution. Then, the remaining, elution-resistant phage-peptide-target surface complexes are used to directly infect a bacterial host cell, such as E. coli ER2738. The infected host cells are grown in an appropriate growth medium, such as LB (Luria-Bertani) medium, and this culture is spread onto agar, containing a suitable growth medium, such as LB medium with IPTG (isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside) and S-GAL™. After growth, the plaques are picked for DNA isolation and are sequenced to identify the peptide sequences with a high binding affinity for the target surface of interest (for example, a silica coated particle).
In another embodiment, PCR may be used to identify the elution-resistant phage-peptides from the modified phage display screening method, described above, by directly carrying out PCR on the phage-peptide-target surface complexes using the appropriate primers, as described by Janssen et al. in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0152976.
A body surfaces is any surface on the human body that will serve as a substrate (i.e., binding target) for a body surface-binding peptide. The body surfaces are selected from the group consisting of hair, skin, nail, tooth, gums, and other tissues of the oral cavity. In many cases the body surfaces will be exposed to air, however in some instances, the oral cavity for example, the surfaces will be internal. Accordingly, body surfaces may include layers of both epithelial and well as endothelial cells.
Samples of body surfaces are available from a variety of sources. For example, human hair samples are available commercially, for example from International Hair Importers and Products (Bellerose, N.Y.), in different colors, such as brown, black, red, and blond, and in various types, such as African-American, Caucasian, and Asian. Additionally, the hair samples may be treated for example using hydrogen peroxide to obtain bleached hair. Human skin samples may be obtained from cadavers or in vitro human skin cultures. Additionally, pig skin, available from butcher shops and supermarkets, VITRO-SKIN®, available from IMS Inc. (Milford, Conn.), and EPIDERM™, available from MatTek Corp. (Ashland, Mass.), may be used as substitutes for human skin. Human fingernails and toenails may be obtained from volunteers. Extracted mammalian teeth, such as bovine and/or human teeth are commercially available. Extracted human teeth may also be obtained from dental offices. Bovine enamel may be sterilized and incubated in a human oral environment to form a pellicle layer on the enamel (Example 5). Additionally, hydroxyapatite, available in many forms, for example, from Berkeley Advanced Biomaterials, Inc. (San Leandro, Calif.), may be used once coated with salivary glycoproteins (to form an acquired pellicle) as a model for studying teeth-binding peptides (see U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-0280810).
Body surface-binding peptides as defined herein are peptide sequences that bind with strong affinity to a respective target body surface including, but not limited to hair, nail, skin, tooth, and tissues of the oral cavity (such as gums). In one embodiment, the body surface is a hair, skin, nail, or tooth surface. In one embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide are selected from the group consisting of hair-binding peptides, skin-binding peptides, nail-binding peptides, and tooth-binding peptides.
Alternatively, hair-binding and skin-binding peptide sequences may be generated empirically by designing peptides that comprise positively charged amino acids, which can bind to hair and skin via electrostatic interaction, as described by Rothe et al. (WO 2004/000257). The empirically generated hair and skin-binding peptides have between 7 to about 60 amino acids, preferably about 4 amino acids to about 50 amino acids, more preferably from about 4 to about 25 amino acids, and comprise at least about 40 mole % positively charged amino acids, such as lysine, arginine, and histidine. Peptide sequences containing tripeptide motifs such as HRK, RHK, HKR, RKH, KRH, KHR, HKX, KRX, RKX, HRX, KHX and RHX are most preferred where X can be any natural amino acid but is most preferably selected from neutral side chain amino acids such as glycine, alanine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine and phenylalanine. In addition, it should be understood that the peptide sequences must meet other functional requirements in the end use including solubility, viscosity and compatibility with other components in a formulated product and will therefore vary according to the needs of the application. In some cases the peptide may contain up to 60 mole % of amino acids not comprising histidine, lysine or arginine. Suitable empirically-generated hair-binding and skin peptides include, but are not limited to, SEQ ID NOs:157-161.
In one embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a hair-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, and 161.
In one embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a skin-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, and 209.
In one embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a nail-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 210 and 211.
In one embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a tooth-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 205, 251, 263, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296 and 297. In another embodiment, the tooth-binding peptide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296 and 297.
Peptide-Based Body Surface Reagents
The peptide-based reagents are formed by coupling at least one body surface-binding peptide to at least one silica-binding peptide, either directly or through a molecular spacer. The part of the reagent comprising at least one body surface-binding peptide has affinity for the body surface, while the part of the reagent comprising at least one silica-binding peptide has affinity for silica and/or a silica-coated particulate benefit agent, thereby coupling the particulate benefit agent comprising an effective amount of silica to the body surface.
The coupling interaction may be a covalent bond or a non-covalent interaction, such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, or Van der Waals interaction. In the case of a non-covalent interaction, the peptide-based reagents may be prepared by mixing at least one body surface-binding peptide and at least one silica-binding peptide and the optional spacer (if used) and allowing sufficient time for the interaction to occur. The unbound materials may be separated from the resulting peptide-based reagent using methods known in the art, for example, gel permeation chromatography.
The peptide-based reagents may also be prepared by covalently attaching at least one body surface-binding peptide to at least one of the present silica-binding peptides, either directly or through a spacer. Any known peptide or protein conjugation chemistry may be used to form the peptide-based reagents. Conjugation chemistries are well-known in the art (see for example, G. T. Hermanson, Bioconjuqate Techniques, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, New York (2008)). Suitable coupling agents may include, but are not limited to, carbodiimide coupling agents, diacid chlorides, diisocyanates and other difunctional coupling reagents that are reactive toward terminal amine and/or carboxylic acid groups on the peptides. The preferred coupling agents are carbodiimide coupling agents, such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N,N′-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide (DCC), which may be used to activate carboxylic acid groups. Additionally, it may be necessary to protect reactive amine or carboxylic acid groups on the peptides to produce the desired structure for the peptide-based body surface reagent. The use of protecting groups for amino acids, such as t-butyloxycarbonyl (t-Boc), are well known in the art (see for example Stewart et al., supra; Bodanszky, supra; and Pennington et al., supra).
The molecular “spacer” may also be any of a variety of molecules, such as alkyl chains, phenyl compounds, ethylene glycol, amides, esters and the like. In one embodiment, the organic spacers are hydrophilic and have a chain length from 1 to about 100 atoms, more preferably, from 2 to about 30 atoms. Examples of spacers may include, but are not limited to, ethanol amine, ethylene glycol, polyethylene with a chain length of 6 carbon atoms, polyethylene glycol with 3 to 6 repeating units, phenoxyethanol, propanolamide, butylene glycol, butylene glycolamide, propyl phenyl chains, and ethyl, propyl, hexyl, steryl, cetyl, and palmitoyl alkyl chains. The spacer may be covalently attached to the body surface-binding and iron oxide-based pigment-binding peptide sequences using any of the coupling chemistries described above. In order to facilitate incorporation of the spacer, a bifunctional cross-linking agent that contains a spacer and reactive groups at both ends for coupling to the peptides may be used. Suitable bifunctional cross-linking agents are well known in the art and may include, but are not limited to, diamines, such a as 1,6-diaminohexane; dialdehydes, such as glutaraldehyde; bis N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, such as ethylene glycol-bis(succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester), disuccinimidyl glutarate, disuccinimidyl suberate, and ethylene glycol-bis(succinimidylsuccinate); diisocyanates, such as hexamethylenediisocyanate; bis oxiranes, such as 1,4 butanediyl diglycidyl ether; dicarboxylic acids, such as succinyldisalicylate; and the like. Heterobifunctional cross-linking agents, which contain a different reactive group at each end, may also be used. Examples of heterobifunctional cross-linking agents may include, but are not limited to compounds having the following structure:
where: R1 is H or a substituent group such as —SO3Na, —NO2, or —Br; and R2 is a spacer such as —CH2CH2 (ethyl), —(CH2)3 (propyl), or —(CH2)3C6H5 (propyl phenyl). An example of such a heterobifunctional cross-linking agent is 3-maleimidopropionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The N-hydroxysuccinimide ester group of these reagents reacts with amine groups on one peptide, while the maleimide group reacts with thiol groups present on the other peptide. A thiol group may be incorporated into the peptide by adding at least one cysteine group to at least one end of the binding peptide sequence (i.e., the C-terminus and/or the N-terminus). Several spacer amino acid residues, such as glycine, may be incorporated between the binding peptide sequence and the terminal cysteine to separate the reacting thiol group from the binding sequence. Moreover, at least one lysine residue may be added to at least one end of the binding peptide sequence to provide an amine group for coupling.
Additionally, the “spacer” may be a peptide spacer In addition, the peptide spacer may contain a specific enzyme cleavage site, such as the protease Caspase 3 site, given by SEQ ID NO: 252, which allows for the enzymatic removal of the silica-coated particulate benefit agent from the body surface. The peptide spacer may be from 1 to about 60 amino acids, preferably from 3 to about 50 amino acids in length. Examples of spacers include, but are not limited to, the sequences given by SEQ ID NOs: 253-261. When the peptide spacer is used to linker together two or more target-binding peptides to form a binding hand, the spacer will be referred to as a “peptide linker” that is preferably 3 to 50 amino acids in length. Examples peptide linkers are provided by SEQ ID NOs: 253-257. When the peptide spacer is used to couple a first region having affinity for a body surface and a second region having affinity for silica, the peptide spacer will be referred to as a “peptide bridge” what is preferably 1 to 60 amino acids in length. Examples of peptide bridges are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 258-261.
Peptide spacers may be linked to the binding peptide sequences by any method known in the art. For example, the entire peptide-based reagent may be prepared using the standard peptide synthesis methods described, supra. In addition, the binding peptides and peptide spacer may be combined using carbodiimide coupling agents (see for example, G. T. Hermanson, supra), diacid chlorides, diisocyanates and other difunctional coupling reagents that are reactive to terminal amine and/or carboxylic acid groups on the peptides, as described above. Alternatively, the entire peptide-based reagent may be prepared using the recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques described infra.
It may also be desirable to have multiple copies of the body surface-binding peptide(s) and/or the silica-binding peptide(s) coupled together to enhance the affinity between the peptide-based reagent and the body surface and/or the silica-coated particulate benefit agent. Multiple copies of the same body surface-binding peptide and/or silica-binding peptide or a combination of different body surface-binding peptides and silica-binding peptides may be used, so long as the composition comprises at least one of the present silica-binding peptides. The multi-copy peptide-based body surface reagents may comprise various spacers as described above. Examples of peptide-based reagents are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 29-34 and 298.
In one embodiment, the peptide-based reagent is a composition comprising at least one body surface-binding peptide (BSBP) and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides (SiBP), having the general structure [(BSBP)m-(SiBP)n]x, where n and m independently range from 1 to about 10, preferably from 1 to about 5, and x may be 1 to about 10.
In another embodiment, the peptide-based reagent comprises a molecular spacer (S) separating the body surface-binding peptide from the silica-binding peptide, as described above. Multiple copies of the body surface-binding peptide(s) and/or the silica-binding peptide(s) may also be used and the multiple copies of the body surface-binding peptide and the silica-binding peptide may be separated from themselves and from each other by molecular spacers. In this embodiment, the peptide-based reagent is a composition comprising at least one body surface-binding peptide, at least one spacer (S), and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides, having the general structure [[(BSBP)m-Sq]x-[(SiBP)n-Sr]z]y, where n, m, x, and z independently range from 1 to about 10, y is from 1 to about 5, and where q and r are each independently 0 or 1, provided that both q and r are not 0. In one embodiment, m and n independently range from 1 to about 5, and x and z independently range from 1 to about 3.
In another embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a hair-binding peptide and the peptide-based reagent is a composition comprising at least one hair-binding peptide (HBP) and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides (SiBP), having the general structure [(HBP)m-(SiBP)n]x where n and m independently range from 1 to about 10, preferably from 1 to about 5, and x may be 1 to about 10.
In another embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a hair-binding peptide and the peptide-based body reagent is a composition comprising at least one hair-binding peptide (HBP), at least one spacer (S), and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides (SiBP), having the general structure [[(HBP)m-Sq]x-[(SiBP)n-Sr]z]y, where n, m, x, and z independently range from 1 to about 10, y is from 1 to about 5, and where q and r are each independently 0 or 1, provided that both q and r are not 0. In one embodiment, m and n independently range from 1 to about 5, and x and z independently range from 1 to about 3.
In another embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a skin-binding peptide and the peptide-based body surface coloring reagent is a composition comprising at least one skin-binding peptide (SBP) and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides (SiBP), having the general structure [(SBP)m-(SiBP)n]x, where n and m independently range from 1 to about 10, preferably from 1 to about 5, and x may be 1 to about 10.
In another embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a skin-binding peptide and the peptide-based reagent is a composition comprising at least one skin-binding peptide (SBP), at least one spacer (S), and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides (SiBP), having the general structure [[(SBP)m-Sq]x-[(SiBP)n-Sr]z]y, where n, m, x, and z independently range from 1 to about 10, y is from 1 to about 5, and where q and r are each independently 0 or 1, provided that both q and r are not 0. In one embodiment, m and n independently range from 1 to about 5, and x and z independently range from 1 to about 3.
In another embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a nail-binding peptide and the peptide-based reagent is a composition comprising at least one nail-binding peptide (NBP) and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides (SiBP), having the general structure [(NBP)m-(SiBP)n]x where n and m independently range from 1 to about 10, preferably from 1 to about 5, and x may be 1 to about 10.
In another embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a nail-binding peptide and the peptide-based reagent is a composition comprising at least one nail-binding peptide (NBP), at least one spacer (S), and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides (SiBP), having the general structure [[(NBP)m-Sq]x-[(SiBP)n-Sr]z]y, where n, m, x, and z independently range from 1 to about 10, y is from 1 to about 5, and where q and r are each independently 0 or 1, provided that both q and r are not 0. In one embodiment, m and n independently range from 1 to about 5, and x and z independently range from 1 to about 3.
In another embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a tooth-binding peptide and the peptide-based reagent is a composition comprising at least one tooth-binding peptide (TBP) and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides (SiBP), having the general structure [(TBP)m-(SiBP)n]x where n and m independently range from 1 to about 10, preferably from 1 to about 5, and x may be 1 to about 10.
In another embodiment, the body surface-binding peptide is a tooth-binding peptide and the peptide-based reagent is a composition comprising at least one tooth-binding peptide (TBP), at least one spacer (S), and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides (SiBP), having the general structure [[(TBP)m-Sq]x-[(SiBP)n-Sr]Z]y, where n, m, x, and z independently range from 1 to about 10, y is from 1 to about 5, and where q and r are each independently 0 or 1, provided that both q and r are not 0. In one embodiment, m and n independently range from 1 to about 5, and x and z independently range from 1 to about 3.
In a further embodiment, the peptide-based reagent comprises one or more of the present silica-binding peptides selected form the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27; and at least one of the tooth-binding peptides selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296 and 297.
It should be understood that as used herein BSBP, HBP, SBP, NBP, TBP, and SiBP are generic designations and are not meant to refer to a single body surface-binding peptide, hair-binding peptide, skin-binding peptide, nail-binding peptide, tooth-binding or silica-binding peptide sequence, respectively. Where m or n as used above, is greater than 1, it is well within the scope of the invention to provide for the situation where a series of body surface-binding peptides of different sequences and silica-binding peptides of different sequences (i.e., at least one of the present silica-binding peptides) may form a part of the composition. Additionally, S is a generic term and may refer to more than one single spacer. Where x and y are greater than 1, it is well within the scope of the invention to provide for the situation where a series of different spacers may form a part of the composition.
The present peptides and peptide-based reagents may be prepared using standard peptide synthesis methods (see for example Stewart et al., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill., 1984; Bodanszky, Principles of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984; and Pennington et al., Peptide Synthesis Protocols, Humana Press, Totowa, N.J., 1994). Additionally, many companies offer custom peptide synthesis services.
Alternatively, the silica-binding peptides as well as the peptide-based reagents (particularly when the entire peptide-based reagent is produced as a single amino acid chain) may be prepared using recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques. Genes encoding the peptides may be produced in heterologous host cells, particularly in the cells of microbial hosts.
The vector containing the appropriate DNA sequence, as well as an appropriate promoter or control sequence, may be employed to transform an appropriate host to permit the host to express the peptide of interest. Cell-free translation systems can also be employed to produce such peptides using RNAs derived from the DNA constructs. Optionally, it may be desired to produce the gene product as a secretion product of the transformed host. Secretion of desired proteins into the growth media has the advantages of simplified and less costly purification procedures. It is well known in the art that secretion signal sequences are often useful in facilitating the active transport of expressible proteins across cell membranes. The creation of a transformed host capable of secretion may be accomplished by the incorporation of a DNA sequence that codes for a secretion signal which is functional in the production host. Methods for choosing appropriate signal sequences are known in the art (see for example EP 546049 and WO 93/24631). The secretion signal DNA or facilitator may be located between the expression-controlling DNA and gene or gene fragment, and in the same reading frame with the latter.
The peptides and peptide-based reagents may be used in personal care compositions in conjunction with a silica-based (such as silica-coated) particulate benefit agents (such as a silica-coated pigments) to provide a benefit to a body surface. The body surface-binding peptide portion of the peptide-based agent has an affinity for the body surface, while the silica-binding peptide portion has an affinity for the silica-coated particulate benefit agent. The peptide-based reagent may be present in the same composition as the silica-coated particulate benefit agent (e.g., silica-coated pigment) or the peptide-based reagent and the silica-coated particulate benefit agent (e.g., silica-coated pigment) may be present in two different personal care compositions that are applied to the body surface in any order, as described below. Personal care compositions include, but are not limited to, hair care/coloring compositions, skin care/coloring compositions, cosmetic compositions, nail polish compositions, and oral care/tooth coloring compositions.
In one embodiment, the peptide-based reagent is a component of a hair care composition and the peptide-based reagent comprises at least one hair-binding peptide and at least one of the present silica-binding peptides. Hair care compositions are herein defined as compositions for the treatment of hair including, but not limited to, shampoos, conditioners, rinses, lotions, aerosols, gels, and mousses. An effective amount of the peptide-based reagent for use in hair care compositions is a concentration of about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably about 0.01% to about 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. This proportion may vary as a function of the type of hair care composition. Additionally, the hair care composition may further comprise at least one pigment in addition to a silica-coated pigment or may comprise a mixture of two or more silica-coated pigments.
The concentration of the peptide-based reagent in relation to the concentration of the silica-coated particulate benefit agent may need to be optimized for best results. Additionally, a mixture of different peptide-based reagents having an affinity for one or more additional silica-coated particulate benefit agents may be used in the composition to obtain the desired benefit, such as color. The peptide-based reagents in the mixture need to be chosen so that there is little or no interaction between the peptide-based reagents that may adversely impact the desired beneficial effect (such as coloring). Suitable mixtures of peptide-based reagents may be determined by one skilled in the art using routine experimentation. If a mixture of peptide-based reagents is used in the composition, the total concentration of the reagents is about 0.01% to about 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
The composition may further comprise a cosmetically-acceptable medium for hair care compositions, examples of which are described by Philippe et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,747; by Omura et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,851; and Cannell et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,250; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. For example, the hair care compositions can be aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic solutions, the alcohol preferably being ethanol or isopropanol, in a proportion of from about 1 to about 75% by weight relative to the total weight for the aqueous-alcoholic solutions. Additionally, the hair care compositions may contain one or more conventional cosmetic or dermatological additives or adjuvants including, but not limited to, antioxidants, preserving agents, fillers, surfactants, UVA and/or UVB sunscreens, fragrances, thickeners, wetting agents and anionic, nonionic or amphoteric polymers, and dyes.
The peptide-based reagent may be a component of a hair coloring composition. Hair coloring compositions are compositions for the coloring or dyeing of hair, which comprise one or more coloring agents and at least one of the present peptides. Coloring agents as herein defined are comprised of at least one silica-coated pigment and may further include any dye, additional pigment(s), and the like that may be used to change the color of a body surface, such as hair, skin, nails, or teeth. Hair coloring agents are well known in the art (see for example Green et al. supra, CFTA International Color Handbook, 2nd ed., Micelle Press, England (1992) and Cosmetic Handbook, US Food and Drug Administration, FDA/IAS Booklet (1992)), and are available commercially from various sources (for example Bayer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Ciba-Geigy, Tarrytown, N.Y.; ICI, Bridgewater, N.J.; Sandoz, Vienna, Austria; BASF, Mount Olive, N.J.; and Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany).
An effective amount of a peptide-based reagent for use in a hair coloring composition is herein defined as a proportion of from about 0.01% to about 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Additionally, a mixture of different peptide-based reagents having an affinity for different silica-coated pigments may be used in the composition. The peptide-based reagents in the mixture need to be chosen so that there is no adverse interaction between the peptides that mitigates the beneficial effect. Suitable mixtures of peptide-based reagents may be determined by one skilled in the art using routine experimentation. If a mixture of peptide-based reagents is used in the composition, the total concentration of the reagents is about 0.01% to about 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
Components of a cosmetically-acceptable medium for hair coloring compositions are described by Dias et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,821 and by Deutz et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,129,770; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, hair coloring compositions may contain sequestrants, stabilizers, thickeners, buffers, carriers, surfactants, solvents, antioxidants, polymers, and conditioners.
The peptide-based reagent may be a component of a skin care composition. Skin care compositions are compositions for the treatment of skin including, but not limited to, skin care, skin cleansing, make-up, and anti-wrinkle products. An effective amount of the peptide-based reagent for use in a skin care composition is a concentration of about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably about 0.01% to about 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. This proportion may vary as a function of the type of skin care composition. Additionally, a mixture of different peptide-based reagents having an affinity for different (additional) silica-coated particulate benefit agents (such as silica-coated pigments) may be used in the composition. The peptide-based reagents in the mixture need to be chosen so that there is no interaction between the peptides that mitigates the beneficial effect to the skin. Suitable mixtures of peptide-based reagents may be determined by one skilled in the art using routine experimentation. If a mixture of peptide-based reagents is used in the composition, the total concentration of the reagents is about 0.01% to about 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. The skin care composition may further comprise in addition to a silica-coated particulate benefit agent (e.g., a silica-coated pigment) at least one additional pigment, suitable examples of which are given above. The concentration of the peptide-based reagent in relation to the concentration of the silica-coated particulate benefit agent (e.g., silica-coated pigment) may need to be optimized for best results.
The skin care composition may further comprise a cosmetically acceptable medium for skin care compositions, examples of which are described by Philippe et al., supra. The cosmetically acceptable medium may be an anhydrous composition containing a fatty substance in a proportion generally of from about 10 to about 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, where the fatty phase contains at least one liquid, solid or semi-solid fatty substance. The fatty substance may include, but is not limited to, oils, waxes, gums, and so-called pasty fatty substances. Alternatively, the skin care compositions may be in the form of a stable dispersion such as a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion. Additionally, the skin care compositions may contain one or more conventional cosmetic or dermatological additives or adjuvants including, but not limited to, antioxidants, preserving agents, fillers, surfactants, UVA and/or UVB sunscreens, fragrances, thickeners, wetting agents and anionic, nonionic or amphoteric polymers, and dyes.
The peptide-based reagent may be a component of a skin coloring composition. The skin coloring composition may comprises one or more coloring agents in addition to at least one silica-based (e.g., silica-coated) pigment.
The skin coloring compositions may be any cosmetic or make-up product, including but not limited to, foundations, blushes, lipsticks, lip liners, lip glosses, eyeshadows and eyeliners. These may be anhydrous make-up products comprising a cosmetically acceptable medium which contains a fatty substance, or they may be in the form of a stable dispersion such as a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, as described above. In these compositions, an effective amount of the peptide-based reagent is generally from about 0.01% to about 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Additionally, a mixture of different peptide-based reagents having an affinity for different silica-based pigments may be used in the composition. The peptide-based reagents in the mixture need to be chosen so that there is no interaction between the peptides that mitigates the beneficial effect. Suitable mixtures of peptide-based reagents may be determined by one skilled in the art using routine experimentation. If a mixture of peptide-based reagents is used in the composition, the total concentration of the reagents is about 0.01% to about 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
The peptide-based reagent may be a component of a cosmetic composition comprising at least one silica-based (e.g. silica-coated). Cosmetic compositions may be applied to the eyelashes or eyebrows including, but not limited to mascaras, and eyebrow pencils. The cosmetic compositions may comprise one or more coloring agents in addition to at least one silica-coated pigment or may be a mixture of silica-coated pigments.
An effective amount of a peptide-based reagent for use in a cosmetic composition is a proportion of from about 0.01% to about 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Additionally, a mixture of different peptide-based reagents having affinity for different silica-coated pigments may be used in the composition. The peptide-based reagents in the mixture need to be chosen so that there is no adverse interaction between the peptides that mitigates the beneficial effect. Suitable mixtures of peptide-based reagents may be determined by one skilled in the art using routine experimentation. If a mixture of peptide-based body surface coloring reagents is used in the composition, the total concentration of the reagents is about 0.01% to about 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
Cosmetic compositions may be anhydrous make-up products comprising a cosmetically acceptable medium which contains a fatty substance in a proportion generally of from about 10 to about 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, where the fatty phase containing at least one liquid, solid or semi-solid fatty substance, as described above. The fatty substance may include, but is not limited to, oils, waxes, gums, and so-called pasty fatty substances. Alternatively, these compositions may be in the form of a stable dispersion such as a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, as described above.
The peptide-based reagent may be a component of a nail polish composition. The nail polish compositions may be used for coloring fingernails and toenails. The nail polish compositions comprise at least one peptide-based reagent and at least one silica-coated pigment. The nail polish compositions may contain one or more additional coloring agents.
An effective amount of a peptide-based reagent for use in a nail polish composition is a proportion of from about 0.01% to about 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Additionally, a mixture of different peptide-based reagents having affinity for different silica-based pigments may be used in the composition. The peptide-based in the mixture need to be chosen so that there is no adverse interaction between the peptides that mitigates the beneficial effect. Suitable mixtures of peptide-based reagents may be determined by one skilled in the art using routine experimentation. If a mixture of peptide-based reagents is used in the composition, the total concentration of the reagents is about 0.01% to about 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
Components of a cosmetically-acceptable medium for nail polish compositions are known in the art. Examples of cosmetically-acceptable mediums for nail polish compositions are described by Philippe et al., supra. The nail polish composition typically contains a solvent and a film forming substance, such as cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl derivatives, acrylic polymers or copolymers, vinyl copolymers and polyester polymers. Additionally, the nail polish may contain a plasticizer, such as tricresyl phosphate, benzyl benzoate, tributyl phosphate, butyl acetyl ricinoleate, triethyl citrate, tributyl acetyl citrate, dibutyl phthalate or camphor.
The peptide-based reagent may be a component of an oral care composition. Contemplated herein are oral care compositions comprising an effective amount of at least one of the present peptide-based reagents and an effective amount of at least one particulate benefit agent. As used here, the term “effective amount” is that amount of at least one of the present peptide compositions or that amount of at least one or more particles comprising particulate benefit agent incorporated into the oral care composition to achieve the desired benefit such as, for example, tooth whitening.
The oral care compositions may be in the form of powder, paste, gel, liquid, ointment, or tablet. Exemplary oral care compositions may include, but are not limited to, toothpaste, dental cream, gel or tooth powder, mouth wash, breath freshener, gum, candy, and dental floss. The oral care compositions comprise an effective amount of a peptide-based reagent and at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent in an orally-acceptable carrier medium. An effective amount of a peptide-based reagent for use in an oral care composition may vary depending on the type of product. Typically, the effective amount of the peptide-based reagent is a proportion from about 0.01% to about 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Additionally, a mixture of different peptide-based reagents having affinity for different silica-coated particulate benefit agents (such as silica-coated pigments) may be used in the oral care composition. The peptide-based reagents in the mixture need to be chosen so that there is no adverse interaction between the peptides that mitigates the beneficial effect. Suitable mixtures of peptide-based reagents may be determined by one skilled in the art using routine experimentation. If a mixture of peptide-based reagents is used in the composition, the total concentration of the reagents is about 0.001% to about 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
Components of an orally-acceptable carrier medium are known in the art. Examples of orally-acceptable components are described by White et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,740,311; Lawler et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,706,256; and Fuglsang et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,264,925; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, the oral care composition may comprise one or more of the following: abrasives, surfactants, chelating agents, fluoride sources, thickening agents, buffering agents, solvents, humectants, carriers, bulking agents, and oral benefit agents, such as enzymes, anti-plaque agents, anti-staining agents, anti-microbial agents, anti-caries agents, flavoring agents, coolants, salivating agents, gingivitis treatment agents, periodontitis treatment agents, and combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, the peptide-based reagent may be used to detect the presence of a material of interest on a tooth (e.g., the use of a peptide-based reagent for diagnostic applications). For example, the peptide-based reagent may be used to detect the presence of a pellicle coating on teeth immediately after an abrasive cleaning/polishing procedure (e.g., a dental office cleaning/polishing procedure).
An oral care benefit agent may be encapsulated or absorbed in a silica-coated porous particle or a hollow porous silica shell particle for delivery of the desired benefit agent. Hollow porous silica particles suitable for delivery of an encapsulated or absorbed benefit agent may be prepared by using any number of well known methods (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,024,826 to Linton, H.; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,326 to Amiche, F., each herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). The porous silica shells typically have an average particle size ranging from 20 nm to 15 μm, a pore size ranging from 3 nm to 10 nm, a shell thickness ranging from 2 nm to 50 nm, and a specific surface of 25±400 m2/g.
Oral care compositions may comprise at least one orally-acceptable silica-coated white colorant suitable for whitening teeth. Suitable white colorants which may be used in the oral care composition may include, but are not limited to, white pigments such as titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide, white minerals such as hydroxyapatite, Zircon (zirconium silicate), and mixtures thereof. However, it may be desirable to further include at least one non-white pigment in an oral care composition to achieve the desired coloration. Methods to apply an effective amount of a silica coating to a particle are well-known in the art (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,885,366 to Iler). In a preferred embodiment, the white colorant comprises silica-coated titanium dioxide.
The peptide-based reagents may be used in conjunction with a silica-coated particulate benefit agent to provide a benefit to body surfaces, such as hair, skin, nails, and teeth. The peptide-based reagent may be present in the same composition as the silica-coated particulate benefit agent, or the peptide-based reagent and the silica-coated particulate benefit agent may be present in two different compositions. In one embodiment, a personal care composition comprising at least one peptide-based reagent and at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent is applied to a body surface for a time sufficient for the peptide-based reagent, which is non-covalently coupled to the silica-coated particulate benefit agent via the silica-binding peptide, to bind to the body surface. In another embodiment, at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent is applied to a body surface prior to the application of at least one of the present peptide-based reagents. In another embodiment, a composition comprising at least one of the present peptide-based reagents is applied to the body surface prior to the application of at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent. In another embodiment, at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent and at least one of the present peptide-based reagents are applied to the body surface concomitantly. Optionally, the composition comprising the peptide-based reagent may be reapplied to the body surface after the application of the silica-coated particulate benefit agent and the initial application of the composition comprising the peptide-based reagent.
In any of the methods described above, a composition comprising a polymeric sealant may be applied to the body surface after the application of at least one silica-coated benefit agent and the composition comprising at least one peptide-based reagent in order to further enhance the durability of the benefit. The polymeric sealant may be present in the composition at a concentration of about 0.25% to about 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Polymeric sealants are well-known in the art of personal care products and may include, but are not limited to, poly(allylamine), acrylates, acrylate copolymers, polyurethanes, carbomers, methicones, amodimethicones, polyethylenene glycol, beeswax, siloxanes, and the like. The choice of polymeric sealant depends on the particular silica-coated particulate benefit agent and the peptide-based reagent. The optimum amount of polymeric sealant may be readily determined by one skilled in the art using routine experimentation.
The peptide-based reagents may be used to attach a silica-coated pigment to the surface of hair. The peptide-based body surface coloring reagent and the silica-coated pigment may be applied to the hair from any suitable hair care composition, for example a hair colorant, a hair shampoo or a hair conditioner composition. These hair care compositions are well-known in the art and suitable compositions are described above.
In one embodiment, a silica-coated pigment is applied to the hair for a time sufficient for the silica-coated pigment to bind to the hair, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. Optionally, the hair may be rinsed to remove the silica-coated pigment that has not bound to the hair. Then, a composition comprising a peptide-based reagent is applied to the hair for a time sufficient for the peptide-based reagent to bind to the hair and the silica-coated pigment, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The composition comprising the peptide-based reagent may be rinsed from the hair or left on the hair.
A composition comprising a peptide-based reagent may be applied to the hair for a time sufficient for the hair-binding peptide block of the peptide-based reagent to bind to the hair, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. Optionally, the hair may be rinsed to remove the composition comprising the peptide-based reagent that has not bound to the hair. Then, a silica-coated pigment is applied to the hair for a time sufficient for the silica-coated pigment to bind to the silica-binding portion of the peptide-based reagent, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The unbound silica-coated pigment may be rinsed from the hair or left on the hair.
Additionally, in any of the methods described above, a composition comprising a polymeric sealant may be applied to the hair after the application of the silica-coated pigment and the composition comprising a peptide-based reagent in order to further enhance the durability of the colorant. The composition comprising the polymeric sealant may be an aqueous solution or a hair care composition, such as a conditioner or rinse, comprising the polymeric sealant. The polymeric sealant may be present in the composition at a concentration of about 0.25% to about 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Polymeric sealants are well know in the art of personal care products and may include, but are not limited to, poly(allylamine), acrylates, acrylate copolymers, polyurethanes, carbomers, methicones, amodimethicones, polyethylenene glycol, beeswax, siloxanes, and the like. The choice of polymeric sealant may depend on the particular silica-coated pigment and the peptide-based reagent used. The optimum polymeric sealant may be readily determined by one skilled in the art using routine experimentation.
A silica-coated pigment may be applied to skin for a time sufficient for the silica-coated pigment to bind to the skin surface, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The skin may be rinsed to remove the silica-coated pigment that has not bound to the skin. Then, a composition comprising at least one of the present peptide-based reagents is applied to the skin surface for a time sufficient for the peptide-based reagent to bind to the skin surface and the silica-coated pigment, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The composition comprising the peptide-based reagent may be rinsed from the skin or left on the skin.
A composition comprising a peptide-based reagent may be applied to the skin for a time sufficient for the skin-binding peptide block of the peptide-based reagent to bind to the skin surface, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The skin may be rinsed to remove the composition that has not bound to the skin. Then, a silica-coated pigment, such as a silica-coated iron oxide-based pigment or a silica-coated titanium dioxide pigment, may be applied to the skin for a time sufficient for the silica-coated pigment to bind to the silica-binding portion of the peptide-based reagent, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The unbound silica-coated pigment may be rinsed from the skin or left on the skin.
A silica-coated pigment and a composition comprising at least one of the present peptide-based reagents may be applied to the skin concomitantly for a time sufficient for the peptide-based reagent to bind to skin and the silica-coated pigment, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The skin may be rinsed to remove the unbound silica-coated pigment and the composition comprising a peptide-based reagent from the skin.
A silica-coated pigment may be provided as part of the composition comprising at least one of the present peptide-based reagents, for example a skin coloring composition. The composition comprising the silica-coated pigment and at least one of the present peptide-based reagent may be applied to the skin for a time sufficient for the peptide-based reagent, which is coupled to the silica-coated pigment through the silica-binding portion, to bind to the skin surface, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The composition comprising the silica-coated pigment and the peptide-based coloring reagent may be rinsed from the skin or left on the skin.
Additionally, in any of the methods described above, a composition comprising a polymeric sealant may be applied to the skin after the application of the silica-coated pigment and the peptide-based reagent in order to further enhance the durability of the colorant. Any of the polymeric sealants described above for hair coloring may be used in the form of an aqueous solution or a skin care composition.
Methods for Coloring Nails, Eyebrows, and Eyelashes
The methods described above for coloring hair and skin may also be applied to coloring finger nails, toenails, eyebrows, and eyelashes, by applying the appropriate composition, specifically, a nail polish composition or a cosmetic composition to the body surface of interest.
The peptide-based reagents may be used in conjunction with at least one silica-coated white colorant to whiten one or more teeth (i.e., at least one tooth targeted for whitening). The tooth-binding peptide portion of the peptide-based reagent has an affinity for a tooth surface, while the silica-binding peptide portion has an affinity for a silica-coated white colorant (such as a silica-coated white pigment). The peptide-based tooth whitening reagent may be present in the same composition as the white silica-coated colorant, or the peptide-based tooth whitening reagent and the silica-coated white colorant may be present in two different compositions. In one embodiment, an oral care composition comprising at least one peptide-based reagent and at least one silica-coated white colorant may be applied to a tooth surface for a time sufficient for the peptide-based reagent, which is non-covalently coupled to the silica-coated white colorant via the silica-binding peptide portion, to bind to the tooth surface. In another embodiment, at least one silica-coated white colorant may be applied to a tooth surface prior to the application of a composition comprising at least one peptide-based reagent. In another embodiment, a composition comprising at least one peptide-based reagent may be applied to the tooth surface prior to the application of the silica-coated white colorant. In another embodiment, at least one silica-coated white colorant and a composition comprising at least one peptide-based reagent may be applied to the tooth surface concomitantly, that is together. The composition comprising the peptide-based reagent may be reapplied to the tooth surface after the application of the silica-coated white colorant and the initial application of the composition comprising the peptide-based reagent.
In one embodiment, a composition comprising a peptide-based reagent may be applied to a tooth surface for a time sufficient for the tooth-binding peptide block of the peptide-based whitening reagent to bind to the teeth, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The tooth surface may be rinsed to remove the composition that has not bound to the tooth surface. Then, at least one silica-coated white colorant is applied to the tooth for a time sufficient for the at least one silica-coated white colorant to bind to the silica-binding block of the peptide-based reagent, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The unbound silica-coated white colorant may be rinsed from the teeth or left on the teeth.
In another embodiment, at least one silica-coated white colorant and a composition comprising at least one peptide-based reagent may be applied to at least one tooth concomitantly (i.e., at the same time)) for a period of time sufficient for the peptide-based reagent to bind to the tooth surface and the silica-coated white colorant, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The tooth surface may be rinsed to remove the unbound silica-coated white colorant and the composition comprising a peptide-based reagent from the tooth surface.
In another embodiment, at least one silica-coated white colorant may be provided as part of a composition comprising at least one peptide-based reagent, such as a tooth whitening composition. The composition comprising the silica-coated white colorant and the peptide-based reagent may be applied to at least one tooth for a period of time sufficient for the peptide-based reagent, which is coupled to the silica-coated white colorant through the silica-binding peptide portion, to bind to the tooth surface, typically between about 5 seconds to about 60 minutes. The composition comprising the silica-coated white colorant and the peptide-based reagent may be rinsed from the tooth surface or left on the tooth surface.
In any of the methods described above, the composition comprising at least one of the present peptide-based reagents may be reapplied to the tooth surface after the application of the silica-coated white colorant and the initial application of the composition comprising the peptide-based reagent in order to further enhance the durability of the colorant.
The meaning of abbreviations used is as follows: “min” means minute(s), “sec” means second(s), “h” means hour(s), “μL” means microliter(s), “mL” means milliliter(s), “L” means liter(s), “nm” means nanometer(s), “mm” means millimeter(s), “cm” means centimeter(s), “μm” means micrometer(s), “mM” means millimolar, “M” means molar, “mmol” means millimole(s), “μmole” means micromole(s), “g” means gram(s), “μg” means microgram(s), “mg” means milligram(s), “g” means the gravitation constant, “rpm” means revolution(s) per minute, “pfu” means plaque forming unit(s), “BSA” means bovine serum albumin, “ELISA” means enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, “IPTG” means isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside, “A” means absorbance, “A450” means the absorbance measured at a wavelength of 450 nm, “TBS” means Tris-buffered saline, “TBST-X” means Tris-buffered saline containing TWEEN® 20 where “X” is the weight percent of TWEEN® 20, “Xgal” means 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, “SEM” means standard error of the mean, “MW” means molecular weight, “Mw” means weight-average molecular weight, “vol %” means volume percent, and “wt %” means weight percent.
Example 1 Selection of Peptides that Bind to Silica-Coated Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)) Particles Using Standard Biopanning
The purpose of this example was to identify phage peptides that bind to silica coated particles using standard phage display biopanning method.
Silica-coated particles were produced by DuPont (Titanium Dioxide with 3% silica coatings). The average size of the primary particles was around 0.61 microns in diameter. The silica-coated particles were incubated in SUPERBLOCK® blocking buffer (Pierce Chemical Company, Rockford, Ill.; Prod. #37535) for 1 hour at room temperature (−22° C.), followed by 3 washes with TBST (TBS in 0.5% TWEEN® 20). Libraries of phage containing random peptide inserts (1011 pfu) from 7 to 20 amino acids were added to each tube. After 60 minutes of incubation at room temperature and shaking at 50 rpm, unbound phage were removed by aspirating the liquid out of each well followed by 6 washes with 1.0 mL TBS containing the detergent TWEEN® 20 (TBST, T-0.5%) and 30% of NEUTROGENA® shampoo (NEUTROGENA® Clean Replenishing Moisturizing Shampoo, Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif.).
The particle samples were then transferred to a clean tube, and 200 μL of elution buffer consisting of 1 mg/mL BSA in 0.2 M glycine-HCl, pH 2.2, was added to each well and incubated for 10 min to elute the bound phages. Then, 32 μL of neutralization buffer consisting of 1 M Tris-HCl, pH 9.2, was added to each tube. The phage particles, which were in the elution buffer as well as on the particles, were amplified by incubating with diluted E. coli ER2738 cells, from an overnight culture diluted 1:100 in LB medium, at 37° C. for 4.5 h. After this time, the cell culture was centrifuged for 30 seconds and the upper 80% of the supernatant was transferred to a fresh tube and then 1/6 volume of PEG/NaCl (20% polyethylene glyco-800, 2.5 M sodium chloride) was added, and the phage was allowed to precipitate overnight at 4° C. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation at 10,000×g at 4° C. and the resulting pellet was resuspended in 1 mL of TBS. This was the first round of amplified stock. The amplified first round phage stock was then tittered. For the 2nd, 3rd and 4th round of biopanning, more than 2×1011 pfu of phage stock from the previous round was used. The biopanning process was repeated under the same conditions as described above.
After the 4th round of biopanning, 95 random single phage plaque lysates were prepared following the manufacture's instructions (New England BioLabs, Beverly, Mass.) and the single stranded phage genomic DNA was purified using the QIAprep Spin M13 Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, Calif.) and sequenced at the DuPont Sequencing Facility using −96 gill sequencing primer (5′-CCCTCATAGTTAGCGTAACG-3′; SEQ ID NO: 262). The displayed peptide is located immediately after the signal peptide of gene III. Based on the peptide sequences, 30 phage candidates that showed significant enrichment were selected for further silica-coated particle binding analysis. The amino acid sequences of selected phage candidates are listed in Table 1.
Amino Acid Sequences of Silica-Coated Titanium
Dioxide (TiO2) Particle Binding Candidates.
Phage ID Peptides that Bind to Silica
No. Coated TiO2 Particles SEQ ID NO.
Soti-1 AEAKRHPVVPLHEQHGHHEL 1
Soti-2 APQTWNRPHPGHPNVHTR 2
Soti-3 ATTPPSGKAAAHSAARQKGN 3
Soti-4 DGRPDNPKHQQSYNRQLPRQ 4
Soti-5 DHNNRQHAVEVRENKTHTAR 5
Soti-6 GPEPRALNPKRHMDPATQIR 6
Soti-7 HDHHQTHNVLHGMKK 7
Soti-8 HHDRAEPRGMAATLAQTI 8
Soti-9 HHNHMTGADNPIFHNNTAHR 9
Soti-10 HNHAQMLRPEPTGISHKN 10
Soti-11 HTNDNGQSTPRRDPPAFQRK 11
Soti-12 HTNHHYDQKMHGPLPTPY 12
Soti-13 LNSMSDKHHGHQNTATRNQH 13
Soti-14 MHKPNNPDTHRSTPSPLGKS 14
Soti-15 NFPVYDTTHHGGHRSKLH 15
Soti-16 NVHPQSENTNTTRPHKSTQR 16
Soti-17 QHGMHSPNLGARMNATPH 17
Soti-18 RPNDTHHPGKCDTHAVCHQT 18
Soti-19 SHLMHVKAPTDQASTRNRFD 19
Soti-20 SSSTPPNSPKHSKYNVWTSP 20
Soti-21 VHQTTPQHKDAVNLPRK 21
Soti-22 WHSSEGQYKKPNNHRQYHTG 22
Soti-23 YKHERHYSQPLKVRH 23
Example 2 Characterization of Selected Peptides for Silica-Coated Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Particles Binding Activities
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the silica-coated particle binding affinity of the biopanning selected peptide candidates (Example 1; biotinylated peptides Phage ID: Soti-23, Soti-5, and Soti-8). The identified peptides were synthesized using a standard solid-phase synthesis method (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/251,715). All peptides were modified to contain a biotinylated lysine residue at the C-terminus of the amino acid binding sequence for detection purposes. See Tables 2 and 3.
Silica-coated TiO2 particles and silica-coated iron oxide particles were separately dispersed in water at 2.5 mg/mL. The preparation of silica-coated particles is known in the art (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,885,366; hereby incorporated by reference). The dispersion was made by vortexing the mixture for 1 min, which resulted in an average particle size of approximately 0.5 μm in diameter. The particle dispersion (1 mL each) was then centrifuged for 2 min at 5000 rpm. The liquid portion was removed by aspirating it out of each tube. The tubes were incubated in SUPERBLOCK® blocking buffer (Pierce Chemical Company, Rockford, Ill.; Prod. #37535) for 1 hour at room temperature (approximately 22° C.), followed by 3 washes with TBST (TBS in 0.05% TWEEN® 20). Then tubes were then rinsed 3 times with wash buffer consisting of TBST-0.05% using the same centrifugation and aspiration steps. Peptide binding buffer consisting of 20 μM biotinylated peptides in TBST and 1 mg/mL BSA was added to the particles and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature (˜22° C.), followed by 6 TBST washes. Then, the streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugate (Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill.) was added to each well at standard concentration and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature, followed by 6 times of washes with TBST. At the last wash. All particles were transferred to new tubes and then the color development and the absorbance measurements were performed. The resulting absorbance values, reported as the mean of at least three replicates, and the standard error of the mean (SEM) are given in Table 2 and Table 3.
The results demonstrate that all of three silica-binding peptides tested had a significant higher binding activity for silica coated particles than the control samples.
Peptide Silica-Coated TiO2 Particle Binding Results
Amino Acid Sequence Well Well Well O.D. at
Phage ID (SEQ ID NO:) 1 2 3 504 nm SEM
Control No peptide 0.056 0.073 0.068 0.066 0.005
Soti-23 YKHERHYSQPLVKRH-K-Biotin 1.481 1.216 1.471 1.389 0.087
Soti-5 DHNNRQHAVEVRENKTHTAR-K-Biotin 1.415 1.044 1.28  1.246 0.108
Soti-8 HHDRAEPRGMAATLAQTI-K-Biotin 0.562 0.8  0.746 0.703 0.071
Peptide Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Particle Binding Results
Phage ID (SEQ ID NO: ) 1 2 3 504 nm SEM
Control No peptide 0.043 0.049 0.038 0.043 0.003
Soti-23 YKHERHYSQPLKVRH-K-Biotin 1.508 1.88  1.7  1.696 0.107
Soti-5 DHNNRQHAVEVRENKTHTAR-K-Biotin 1.62 1.639 1.437 1.565 0.064
Soti-8 HHDRAEPRGMAATLAQTI-K-Biotin 0.256 0.288 0.212 0.252 0.022
Example 3 Determination of the Binding Affinity of Silica-Binding Peptides
The purpose of this Example was to demonstrate the affinity of the silica-binding peptides for the silica-coated particle surface, measured as MB50 values, using an ELISA assay.
Silica-binding peptides, Soti-23, Soti-5, and Soti-8 (see Tables 1 and 2) identified using the method described in Example 1 were synthesized by Synpep Inc. (Dublin, Calif.). Each peptide was biotinylated by adding biotin on to a C-terminal lysine residue added to the respective peptide.
MB50 Measurement of Silica-Binding Peptides:
The MB50 measurements of biotinylated peptides binding to silica-coated TiO2 were done using the 96-well plate format. Silica-coated particles were added to the wells. The wells containing the silica-coated TiO2 were blocked with blocking buffer (SUPERBLOCK™ from Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill.) at room temperature (−22° C.) for 1 hour, followed by six washes with TBST-0.5%, 2 min each, at room temperature (˜22° C.). Various concentrations of biotinylated binding peptides were added to each well, incubated for 1 hour at room temperature (˜22° C.), and washed six times with TBST-0.5%, 2 min each, at room temperature (˜22° C.). Then, streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate (Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill.) was added to each well (1.0 μg per well), and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature (˜22° C.). After the incubation, the wells were washed six times with TBST-0.5%, 2 min each at room temperature. Finally, the color development and the absorbance measurements were performed as described in Example 2.
The results were plotted as A450 versus the concentration of peptide using GraphPad Prism 4.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, Calif.). The MB50 values were calculated from Scatchard plots. The results are listed in Table 4.
MB50 Data for Various Silica-binding Peptides
ID (SEQ ID NO: ) MB50 (M)
Soti-13 LNSMSDKHHGHQNTATRNQH-K-Biotin 2.9 × 10−9 M
Soti-23 YKHERHYSQPLKVRH-K-Biotin 9.0 × 10−9 M
Soti-8  HHDRAEPRGMAATLAQTI-K-Biotin 1.0 × 10−8 M
Example 4 Peptide Performance for Uptake and Retention of Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Particles on Hair
The purpose of this example was to illustrate the performance of peptide-based reagents comprising at least one of the present silica-binding peptides on update and retention of silica-coated iron oxide particles on hair.
Sequences of Several Peptide-Based Reagents
Peptide ID Formula* Peptide Sequence SEQ ID NO:
HC316 PG-Gray5-GGAGGAG-Gray5- PGTAEIQSSKNPNPHPQRSWTNGGAGGAGTAEIQSS 28
GGAGGAV-Soti5-GGAGGAG-Soti5- KNPNPHPQRSWTNGGAGGAVDHNNRQHAVEVRENK
GK THTARGGAGGAGDHNNRQHAVEVRENKTHTARGK
HC317 PG-Hair4-GGKGGAG-Hair4- PGTPPELAHTPHHLAQTRLTDRGGKGGAGTPPELAHT 29
GGAGGAV-Soti5-GGAGGAG-Soti5- PHHLAQTRLTDRGGAGGAVDHNNRQHAVEVRENKTH
GK TARGGAGGAGDHNNRQHAVEVRENKTHTARGK
HC318 PG-Hair5-GGAGGAG-Hair5- PGHHGTHHNATKQKNHVGGAGGAGHHGTHHNATKQ 30
GGAGGAV-Soti5-GGAGGAG-Soti5- KNHVGGAGGAVDHNNRQHAVEVRENKTHTARGGAG
GK GAGDHNNRQHAVEVRENKTHTARGK
HC321 PG-Hair4-GGKGGAG-Hair4- PGTPPELAHTPHHLAQTRLTDRGGKGGAGTPPELAHT 31
GGAGGAV-Soti8-GGAGGAG-Soti8- PHHLAQTRLTDRGGAGGAVHHDRAEPRGMAATLAQTI
GK GGAGGAGHHDRAEPRGMAATLAQTIGK
HC325 PG-Hair4-GGKGGAG-Hair4- PGTPPELAHTPHHLAQTRLTDRGGKGGAGTPPELAHT 32
GGAGGAV-Soti13-GGAGGAG-Soti13- PHHLAQTRLTDRGGAGGAVLNSMSDKHHGHQNTATR
GK NQHGGAGGAGLNSMSDKHHGHQNTATRNQHGK
HC327 PG-Gray3-GGAGGAG-Gray3- PGHDHKNQKETHQRHAAGGAGGAGHDHKNQKETHQ 33
GGAGGAV-Soti23-GGAGGAG-Soti23- RHAAGGAGGAVYKHERHYSQPLKVRHGGAGGAGYK
GK HERHYSQPLKVRHGK
HC330 PG-Hair5-GGAGGAG-Hair5- PGHHGTHHNATKQKNHVGGAGGAGHHGTHHNATKQ 34
GGAGGAV-Soti23-GGAGGAG-Soti23- KNHVGGAGGAVYKHERHYSQPLKVRHGGAGGAGYK
*= binding peptides in bold. Peptide linkers are italicized. Peptide bridges are underlined.
A 2-3 mm wide strip of a polyurethane-based adhesive (e.g. 3M SCOTCH-GRIP™ 4475 Plastic Adhesive) was placed on a TEFLON® sheet. Hair to be tufted was spread out to 2-3 mm thickness and placed over the adhesive glue. Another 1-2 mm wide strip of adhesive was placed on the top side and the glue-line was pressed down using a TEFLON®-covered metal bar to a thickness of 1-1.5 mm. The adhesive was dried for 6-12 hours. Hair samples (natural white; International Hair Importers and Products (Bellerose, N.Y.)) were peeled off and cut 1.5 to 2.0 cm away from the glue-line. The hair swatches were cut to 5-6 mm width to yield tufts of 60-80 mg hair.
Red iron oxide pigment particles (Unipure Red LC381; Sensient Technologies Corp, Milwaukee, Wis.) were coated with an effective amount of silica. Approximately 500 mg of the silica-coated iron oxide pigment (average particle size of 200-300 nm (d50)), 5-mL of buffer (25 mM tris HCl, pH 7.5), and 15 g of 0.7 mm zirconia beads (BioSpec #1107907zx) were mixed in FlackTek SPEEDMIXER™ (FlackTek Inc., Landrum, S.C.) at 3000 rpm for 5 min. After cooling for 5 min the contents were mixed again for an additional 5 min. Supernatant (dispersion) was separated from the beads by suction. The final concentration of the pigment in the aqueous dispersion was approximately 10 wt %.
Peptide (0.5 mg) was dissolved in 0.5 mL of buffer (25 mM tris.HCl, pH 7.5). A small tress of natural white hair (International Hair Importers and Products) was suspended in the peptide solution in a vial and agitated at a low speed on a vortex mixer for 30 minutes. The tress was rinsed with the treatment-buffer twice followed by a thorough rinse under a jet of de-ionized water.
The peptide-pretreated hair tress was treated with a 0.4% pigment dispersion in 25 mM tris.HCl (made by dilution of 20 μL of 10% dispersion in 0.5 mL buffer) in a vial at slow agitation. After 30 minutes, the tress was thoroughly rinsed under a jet of de-ionized water and dried in air. L*, a* and b* values for color uptake were measured using a spectrophotometer.
The tresses subjected to shampoo cycle were placed in wells of a 24-well plate. Glass and stainless steel beads (3 mm glass beads ×4, 4 mm stain steel beads ×1, 6.35 mm glass beads ×2) were charged into each well. Approximately 1.0 mL of 0.2% sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) solution was added to each well. The well plate was covered with a flexible SANTOPRENE® mat and was agitated at high speed on the vortex mixer for 30 sec. The shampoo was removed from the wells by suction. Approximately 4 mL of de-ionized water was added to each well; the plate was agitated at a low speed on the vortex mixer for 5-10 sec. The rinse solution was removed by suction. The tress was thoroughly rinsed under a jet of de-ionized water and subjected to the next shampoo cycle. After the last shampoo cycle, the tress was dried in air and the retained color is measured.
Δ   E   uptake = ( ( Lu * - L   0 ) ⋀  2 + ( au * - a   0 ) ⋀  2 + ( bu * - b   0 ) ⋀  2 ) and Δ   E   retention = ( ( Lr * - L   0 ) ⋀  2 + ( ar * - a   0 ) ⋀  2 + ( br * - b   0 ) ⋀  2 )
Uptake and Retention of Silica-Coated Particles on Hair.
Peptide Peptide Pigment ΔE 2 shampoo
ID amount, mg (mg) uptake cycles
HC316 0.5 2 11 7
HC317 0.5 2 17 4
HC318 0.5 2 21 6
HC321 0.5 2 12 9
HC325 0.5 2 28 4
HC327 0.5 2 30 16
HC330 0.5 2 26 10
Example 5 Selection of Tooth (Pellicle) Binding Peptides Using Standard Biopanning
The purpose of this Example was to identify phage peptides that bind tooth pellicle formed in vivo on bovine enamel using phage display biopanning.
Bovine enamel incisors were obtained from SE Dental (Baton Rouge, La.). The teeth were cut to approximately 5 mm squares and polished to remove surface debris. Enamel blocks were sterilized and sewn into intra-oral retainers in order to expose the enamel surface to the human oral environment. A retainer with 2 to 4 enamel blocks was worn in the human mouth for 30 min to form a pellicle layer on the enamel. After incubation, the enamel blocks were removed from the retainer, rinsed with water and embedded in a well plate contained molding material so as to only expose the pellicle coated enamel surface in the well. The plate was sterilized with UV light for 10 minutes.
The enamel blocks were then transferred to clean tube and 1 mL of elution buffer consisting of 1 mg/mL BSA in 0.2 M glycine-HCl, pH 2.2, was added to each well and incubated for 10 min to elute the bound phages. Then, 167 μL of neutralization buffer consisting of 1 M Tris-HCl, pH 9.1, was added to each well. The phage particles, which were in the elution buffer as well as on the enamel blocks, were amplified by incubating with 20 mL diluted E. coli ER2738 cells, from an overnight culture diluted 1:100 in LB medium, at 37° C. for 4.5 h. After this time, the cell culture was centrifuged for 2 min and the upper 15 mL of the supernatant was transferred to a fresh tube, 2.5 mL of PEG/NaCl (20% polyethylene glycol-800, 2.5 M sodium chloride) was added, and the phage was allowed to precipitate overnight at 4° C. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation at 10,000×g at 4° C. and the resulting pellet was resuspended in 1 mL of PBS. This was the first round of amplified stock. The amplified first round phage stock was then tittered according to the standard protocol. For subsequent rounds of biopanning, more than 2×1011 pfu of phage stock from the previous round was used. Each additional round after the first also included additional washes with 0.5% sodium lauryl sulfate in water (Spectrum), two washes with carbonate buffer pH 9.4 (Pierce BUPH™ Carbonate-Bicarbonate Buffer #28382) and 2 washes with 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 2.5.
After the 3rd round of biopanning and each subsequent round, 95 random single phage plaques were isolated and the single stranded phage genomic DNA was prepared using the illustra Templiphi 500 Amplification Kit (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, N.J.) and sequenced at the DuPont Sequencing Facility using −96 gill sequencing primer (5′-CCCTCATAGTTAGCGTAACG-3′; SEQ ID NO: 262). The displayed peptide is located immediately after the signal peptide of gene III. Based on the peptide sequences, 31 phage candidates were identified for further pellicle binding analysis.
Toothbinding Peptides Identified from Biopanning
on 30 mm in vivo Pellicle
DenP 01 NGNNHTDIPNRSSYTGGSFA 263
DenP 02 TMTNHVYNSYTEKHSSTHRS 264
DenP 03 TTYHYKNIYQESYQQRNPAV 265
DenP 04 VEPATKNMREARSSTQMRRI 266
DenP 05 YLLPKDQTTAPQVTPIVQHK 267
DenP 06 ASNLDSTFTAINTPACCT 268
DenP 07 EFPYYNDNPPNPERHTLR 269
DenP 08 GMPTRYYHNTPPHLTPKF 270
DenP 09 HKNAIQPVNDATTLDTTM 271
DenP 10 AVVPADLNDHANHLS 272
DenP 11 DLGTFPNRTLKMAAH 273
DenP 12 FDGIGLGTATRHQNR 274
DenP 13 QAAQVHMMQHSRPTT 275
DenP 14 SEARARTFNDHTTPMPII 276
DenP 15 ELDHDSRHYMNGLQRKVT 277
DenP 16 GPQHVLMQDTHQGYAFDN 278
DenP 17 TTGSSSQADTSASMSIVPAH 279
DenP 18 KAPIANMLQPHSYQYSVA 280
DenP 19 TYQGVPSWPAVIDDAIRR 281
DenP 20 VNPNWVETQALHQPPGNT 282
DenP 21 DHNNRQHAVEVRENKTHTAR 283
DenP 22 IYPNESMSTSNVRGPYHP 284
DenP 23 HDPNHLTHQARTIYRNANHT 285
DenP 24 SNATMYNIQSHSHHQ 286
DenP 25 ANELSTYAQTNPGSG 287
DenP 26 DTIHPNKMKSPSSPL 288
DenP 28 APPTYQTASYPHNLPSKRKM 289
DenP 29 QVPDYLSPTHQKKAFLEIPT 290
DenP 30 TNDLHANPFTGTYIAPDPTS 291
DenP 32 HKNENIMQYNVNDRWHITPA 292
DenP 33 IDGPHHSPVHRYHTPSIT 293
A total of 29 selected phage candidates from Table 7 were used in phage ELISA Experiment to determine binding affinity and coverage of each phage on pellicle substrates. Purified phage lysates were used for binding to pellicle coated bovine enamel using an anti-M13 phage antibody conjugated to horseradish-peroxidase, followed by the addition of chromogenic agent TMB, obtained from Pierce Biotechnology (Rockford, Ill.). The plates were read at A450nm.
Enamel substrates were cut to approximately 7 mm squares and mounted on wax mounting for incubation in the mouth for 30 min to form a pellicle coated surface. The pellicle coated enamel substrates were removed from the wax backing and placed in well plates with the pellicle surface exposed as in Example 5. Each pellicle coated substrate was incubated for 1.5 h at room temperature with 1 mL of blocking buffer, consisting of 1 mg/mL BSA in PBST (Pierce BUPH™ #28372 with 0.1% TWEEN® 20). The blocking buffer was removed by aspirating the liquid out of each well. The tube was rinsed 2 times with wash buffer consisting of PBST. The wells were filled with 1 mL of 10″ pfu purified phage stock which was prepared by diluting in blocking buffer. The samples were incubated at room temperature for 30 min with slow shaking at 37° C. The non-binding phage was removed by washing 5 times with PBST. Then, 500 μL of horseradish peroxidase/anti-M13 antibody conjugate (Amersham USA, Piscataway, N.J.), diluted 1:500 in the blocking buffer, was added and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. The conjugate solution was removed and was washed 3 times with PBST. Each enamel substrate was removed from the well and washed again in a 15-mL test tube with 5 mL of PBST. Each enamel substrate was then mounted in a clean well plate with only the enamel surface exposed. A 1:1 solution of TMB substrate and H2O2 (200 μL), obtained from Pierce Biotechnology (Rockford, Ill.) was added to each well and the color was allowed to develop for between 5 to 30 min, typically for 10 min, at room temperature (approximately 22° C.). Then, stop solution (100 μL of 2 M H2SO4) was added to each well and the solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the A450 was measured using a microplate spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.). The resulting absorbance values, are given in Table 8. The analysis of all 30 pellicle binding candidates was completed over the course of two days and the results were normalized to an internal control.
Peptide SEQ 450 nm
Control IPWWNIRAPLNAGGG 294 1.000
DenP 01 NGNNHTDIPNRSSYTGGSFA 263 1.002
DenP 02 TMTNHVYNSYTEKHSSTHRS 264 1.951
DenP 03 TTYHYKNIYQESYQQRNPAV 265 2.495
DenP 04 VEPATKNMREARSSTQMRRI 266 1.421
DenP 05 YLLPKDQTTAPQVTPIVQHK 267 1.087
DenP 07 EFPYYNDNPPNPERHTLR 269 1.500
DenP 08 GMPTRYYHNTPPHLTPKF 270 1.182
DenP 09 HKNAIQPVNDATTLDTTM 271 1.364
DenP 10 AVVPADLNDHANHLS 272 1.619
DenP 11 DLGTFPNRTLKMAAH 273 1.663
DenP 12 FDGIGLGTATRHQNR 274 2.079
DenP 13 QAAQVHMMQHSRPTT 275 0.845
DenP 14 SEARARTFNDHTTPMPII 276 2.498
DenP 15 ELDHDSRHYMNGLQRKVT 277 1.112
DenP 16 GPQHVLMQDTHQGYAFDN 278 2.190
DenP 17 TTGSSSQADTSASMSIVPAH 279 0.971
DenP 18 KAPIANMLQPHSYQYSVA 280 1.143
DenP 19 TYQGVPSWPAVIDDAIRR 281 1.052
DenP 20 VNPNWVETQALHQPPGNT 282 1.298
DenP 21 DHNNRQHAVEVRENKTHTAR 283 0.728
DenP 22 IYPNESMSTSNVRGPYHP 284 1.420
DenP 23 HDPNHLTHQARTIYRNANHT 285 1.236
DenP 24 SNATMYNIQSHSHHQ 286 0.979
DenP 25 ANELSTYAQTNPGSG 287 0.909
DenP 26 DTIHPNKMKSPSSPL 288 1.039
DenP 28 APPTYQTASYPHNLPSKRKM 289 1.203
DenP 29 QVPDYLSPTHQKKAFLEIPT 290 0.976
DenP 30 TNDLHANPFTGTYIAPDPTS 291 1.082
DenP 32 HKNENIMQYNVNDRWHITPA 292 1.441
Example 7 Peptide Performance for Uptake and Retention of Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Particles on Tooth Pellicle Surfaces
The purpose of this example was to illustrate the performance of peptide-based reagents comprising at least one of the present silica-binding peptides on uptake and retention of silica-coated particles on tooth surfaces.
Peptide ID Formula* Peptide Sequence ID NO:
DenP03-H6 PS-SSRP-DenP03- PSSSRPTTYHYKNIYQ 295
HHHHHH ESYQQRNPAVHHHHHH
DE99 PS-SSRP-DenP03- PSSSRPTTYHYKNIYQ 296
GP-TonB-PAGP- ESYQQRNPAVGPEPEP
HHHHHH EPEPIPEPPKEAPVVI
EKPKPKPKPKPKPPAG
DE117 PS-SSRP-DenP03- PSSSRPTTYHYKNIYQ 297
GP-TonB-PA-SSRP- ESYQQRNPAVGPEPEP
DenP03-GP- EPEPIPEPPKEAPVVI
HHHHHH EKPKPKPKPKPKPPAS
SRPTTYHYKNIYQESY
QQRNPAVGPHHHHHH
DE62 P-SSRP-DenP03-GP- PSSRPTTYHYKNIYQE 298
TonB-PA-SSRP- SYQQRNPAVGPEPEPE
DenP03- PEPIPEPPKEAPVVIE
GSSGPGSP-Soti23- KPKPKPKPKPKPPASS
GSG-Soti23-GP- RPTTYHYKNIYQESYQ
HHHHHH QRNPAVGSSGPGSPYK
HERHYSQPLKVRHGSG
YKHERHYSQPLKVRHG
Bovine enamel incisors were obtained from SE Dental (Baton Rouge, La.). Teeth were sectioned and cut into enamel slabs approximately 7 mm on each side using a DREMEL® rotary saw (Robert Bosch Power Tool Corporation; Chicago, Ill.) with a diamond blade. The enamel slabs were cleaned and lightly polished to remove surface debris. Each enamel block was mounted on wax mounting and sterilized with ethylene oxide. Mounted enamel bocks were incubated in the mouth for 30 min to form a pellicle coated surface. The pellicle-coated enamel substrates were removed from the wax backing, rinsed with water and placed in well plates. Each pellicle coated enamel slab was measured for color using a Konica-Minolta 2600d integrating sphere spectrophotometer.
Red iron oxide pigment particles (Unipure Red LC381; Sensient Technologies Corp, Milwaukee, Wis.) was first coated with silica by a process described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,885,366 to Iler (incorporated herein by reference) with a 3.8% silica loading. The coated particles were dispersed by mixing 10 g of dry pigment, 25 g of mm zirconia beads (BioSpec Products, Inc., Bartlesville, Okla.; catalog #11079105z) and 73 g water in a FlackTek SPEEDMIXER™ (FlackTek Inc., Landrum, S.C.) at 3000 rpm for 5 min. The sample was put on ice for 10 min and then mixed again at 3000 prm for 5 min. This was repeated 2 additional times. Supernatant (dispersion) was separated from the beads by filtration. The final concentration of the pigment in the aqueous dispersion was approximately 12 wt %. The dispersion average particle size was approximately 250 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering. For application to pellicle surfaces, a working concentration of 0.5 wt % was made by diluting in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.2.
Peptide was first dissolved in molecular grade water to a concentration of 200 μM. Stock solutions for application to pellicle surface were made by diluting to a final concentration of 20 μM in phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.2 (Pierce).
Each pellicle coated enamel block was exposed to either 1 mL PBS buffer (no peptide control) or 1 mL of 20 μM peptide as listed in Table 10 for 1 min. Upon removal from the peptide solution, the enamel block was dipped in water to rinse and then added to 1 mL of 0.5% silica-coated red iron oxide dispersion for 5 min. The enamel block was dipped in water several times to rinse off unbound pigment. Color was measured again for each enamel block to obtain L*, a* and b* values and compare to initial color to measure color uptake.
Δ   E   uptake = ( ( Lu ⋆ - L   0 ) ⋀  2 + ( au * - a   0 ) ⋀  2 + ( bu * - b   0 ) ⋀  2 )
Lu*, au* and bu* are L*, a* and b* values for a enamel block following pigment application.,
L0*, a0* and b0* are L*, a* and b* values for initial color for each enamel block
Deposition of Silica-Coated Particles on Pellicle-coated Enamel
Peptide Pigment Silica
Peptide concentration concentration binding ΔE
ID (uM) (% solids) peptide uptake
none 0 0.5 n/a 6.5
DenP03-H6 20 0.5 — 10.1
DE99 20 0.5 — 22.3
DE117 20 0.5 — 24.2
DE62 20 0.5 Soti-23 43.7
The results confirm that enhanced binding of silica-coated red iron oxide particles to pellicle was achieved with peptides incorporating a silica-binding sequence discovered with panning.
Example 8 Tooth Whitening Using Silica-Coated Titanium Dioxide
The purpose of this example was to confirm the performance of peptide-based reagents that demonstrate uptake of silica-coated red iron oxide particles also function to uptake silica-coated titanium dioxide for use as tooth whitening compositions.
Silica-coated rutile titanium dioxide (Luce WP-10S) was obtained from U.S. Cosmetics Corp. (Dayville, Conn.). A 12 wt % solution of the pigment was prepared with Millipore water. The solution was dispersed by horn sonication using a Branson SONIFIER® 150 ultrasonic cell disruptor (Branson Instruments, Inc., Danbury, Conn.) at 10 W. The solution was sonicated in an ice bath for 6 min total, with 2 min sonication intervals. A working solution of 0.5 wt % in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 was made for application to peptide-coated enamel.
Bovine enamel incisors were obtained from SE Dental (Baton Rouge, La.). Teeth were sectioned and cut into enamel slabs approximately 7 mm on each side using a DREMEL® rotary saw (Robert Bosch Power Tool Corporation; Chicago, Ill.) with a diamond blade. The enamel slabs were cleaned and lightly polished to remove surface debris. The enamel was pretreated with a mixture of coffee and tea in order to stain to a color similar to human stained teeth. Each enamel block was then mounted on wax mounting and sterilized with ethylene oxide. Mounted enamel bocks were incubated in the mouth for 30 min to form a pellicle coated surface. The pellicle coated enamel substrates were removed from the wax backing, rinsed with water and placed in well plates. Each pellicle coated enamel slab was measured for color using a Konica-Minolta 2600d integrating sphere spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc., Tokyo, Japan)
Peptide DE62 (SEQ ID NO: 298) stock solution was prepared as described in Example 7. A 10 μM working concentration was made in PBS. Each enamel block was treated with buffer or DE62 peptide for 30 min. The enamel blocks were rinsed and exposed to the silica-coated titanium dioxide dispersion for 30 min. Color was measured again for each enamel block to obtain L*, a* and b* values and whiteness index to compare to initial color values. Enamel blocks first with DE62 peptide bound to the surface produced a visually perceptible whitening effect on the stained enamel. Table 11 provides the before and after color comparison. Whiteness index (WI) is defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and described in ASTM method E313-05 and calculated for D65/10 incident light as:
Whitening Performance of Peptide-mediated Deposition of
Silica-coated Titanium Dioxide on Stained Enamel.
L* a* b* WI ΔWI
No Before 66.1 6.0 16.3 −62.0 1.4
peptide After 62.5 6.4 14.7 −60.7
DE62 Before 67.8 4.1 10.1 −21.8 32.4
(SEQ ID After 70.3 2.7 5.3 10.6
The increase in whiteness index and decrease in b* indicate the color of the enamel block has been modified with the addition of the peptide-silica-coated titanium dioxide complex to provide a visible whitening effect on the enamel surface.
1. A silica-binding peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27.
a) BSBP is a body surface-binding peptide;
b) SiBP is a silica-binding peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27;
d) m, n, x and z independently range from 1 to about 10;
e) y is from 1 to 5; and
f) q an r are each independently 0 or 1, provided that both r and q may not be 0.
10. The personal care composition of claim 9 wherein the at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent is at least one silica-coated colorant.
12. A method for coupling a silica-coated particulate benefit agent to a body surface comprising:
ii) at least one of the peptide-based reagents of claim 2; and
b) applying the at least one silica-coated particulate benefit agent of (a)(i) and the at least one peptide-based reagents of (a)(ii) to a body surface whereby the peptide-based reagent couples the silica-coated particulate benefit agent to the body surface.
15. The method according to claim 12 further comprising
c) applying at least one polymeric sealant to the body surface subsequent to step (b).
US12632829 2008-12-18 2009-12-08 Peptides that bind to silica-coated particles Abandoned US20100158822A1 (en)
US12632829 US20100158822A1 (en) 2008-12-18 2009-12-08 Peptides that bind to silica-coated particles
US20100158822A1 true true US20100158822A1 (en) 2010-06-24
US12632829 Abandoned US20100158822A1 (en) 2008-12-18 2009-12-08 Peptides that bind to silica-coated particles
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US20090098074A1 (en) * 2005-12-01 2009-04-16 Basf Se Keratin-Binding Effector Molecules Containing Reactive Dyes
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WO2010080419A1 (en) 2010-07-15 application
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