Source: http://smartleges.com/en/law-library/criminal-law-act-1977-1977-c-45/2007121
Timestamp: 2017-07-20 22:32:57
Document Index: 333605135

Matched Legal Cases: ['art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art.2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2', 'art. 2']

Criminal Law Act 1977, 1977 c. 45, Version 01/04/2002
CRIMINAL LAW ACT 1977UK Public General ActsVersion 01/04/20021977 CHAPTER 45
Default Geographical Extent: E+W	Summary
Part I. ConspiracyPart II. Offences Relating to Entering and Remaining on PropertyPart III (E+W+S+N.I.). Criminal Procedure, Penalties, etc.Allocation of offences to classes as regards mode of trial (E+W+S)Penalties (E+W+S+N.I.)Young offenders Cross-border enforcement (E+W+S+N.I.)Other provisions Part IV (E+W+S+N.I.). Miscellaneous ProvisionsPart V (E+W+S). Provisions applying to ScotlandPart VI (E+W+S+N.I.). Supplementary	Version 01/04/2002
Version 05/02/1993
Version 31/10/1991
An Act to amend the law of England and Wales with respect to criminal conspiracy; to make new provision in that law, in place of the provisions of the common law and the Statutes of Forcible Entry, for restricting the use or threat of violence for securing entry into any premises and for penalising unauthorised entry or remaining on premises in certain circumstances; otherwise to amend the criminal law, including the law with respect to the administration of criminal justice; to provide for the alteration of certain pecuniary and other limits; to amend section 9(4) of the Administration of Justice Act 1973, the Legal Aid Act 1974, the Rabies Act 1974 and the Diseases of Animals (Northern Ireland) Order 1975 and the law about juries and coroners’ inquests; and for connected purposes.
[29th July 1977] X1
X1 The text of ss. 1–5, 14–49, 57, 58, 60–65, Schs. 1–9, 11–14 was taken from S.I.F. Group 39:1 (Criminal Law: General), ss. 51, 63(2), 65(1)(3)(7)(10) from S.I.F. Group 39:2 ( Criminal Law: Public Safety and Order), ss. 53, 54, 65(1)(3)(7)(9)(10) Group 39:5 (Criminal Law: Sexual Offences and Obscenity), ss. 6–13, 65(1)(3)(7)–(10), Sch. 14 para. 5 Group 39:6 (Criminal Law: Offences against Property); provisions omitted from S.I.F have been dealt with as referred to in other commentary.
C1 Power to apply Act conferred by Criminal Justice Act 1988 (c. 33, SIF 39:1), s. 50(3)(b)(ii), Sch. 8 para. 16
C2 By Criminal Justice Act 1991 (c. 53, SIF 39:1), s. 101(1), Sch. 12 para. 23; S.I. 1991/2208, art. 2(1), Sch.1 it is provided (14.10.1991) that in relation to any time before the commencement of s. 70 of that 1991 Act (which came into force on 1.10.1992 by S.I. 1992/333, art. 2(2), Sch. 2) references in any enactment amended by that 1991 Act, to youth courts shall be construed as references to juvenile courts.
I1 Act not in force at Royal Assent, Act wholly in force on 20.5.1985 see s. 65(7).
Part I ConspiracyAnnotations:
C3 Pt. I (ss. 1-5) extended (1.10.1996) by 1996 c. 29, ss.1, 3; S.I. 1996/2262, art.2.
1 The offence of conspiracy.
[F1 (1) Subject to the following provisions of this Part of this Act, if a person agrees with any other person or persons that a course of conduct shall be pursued which, if the agreement is carried out in accordance with their intentions, either—
(b) would do so but for the existence of facts which render the commission of the offence or any of the offences impossible,
he is guilty of conspiracy to commit the offence or offences in question.] F2 (1A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F2 (1B). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2) Where liability for any offence may be incurred without knowledge on the part of the person committing it of any particular fact or circumstance necessary for the commission of the offence, a person shall nevertheless not be guilty of conspiracy to commit that offence by virtue of subsection (1) above unless he and at least one other party to the agreement intend or know that that fact or circumstance shall or will exist at the time when the conduct constituting the offence is to take place.
F3 (3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4) In this Part of this Act “offence” means an offence triable in England and Wales F4 . . ..
F2 (5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F2 (6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F1 S. 1(1) substituted (with saving) by Criminal Attempts Act 1981 (c. 47, SIF 39:1), s. 5(1)
F2 S. 1(1A)(1B)(5)(6) repealed (4.9.1998) by 1998 c. 40, s. 9(1)(2), Sch. 1 Pt. II para. 4(a)(c), Sch. 2 Pt.II (with s. 9(3))
F3 S. 1(3) repealed (16.10.1992) by Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (c. 52), ss. 300(1), 302, Sch. 1 (with Sch. 3 para. 2).
F4 Words in s. 1(4) repealed (4.9.1998) by 1998 c. 40, s. 9(1)(2), Sch. 1 Pt. II para. 4(b), Sch. 2 Pt.II (with s. 9(3)).
C4 S. 1(1) modified (16.10.1992) by Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (c. 52), ss. 242, 302.
[F5 1A Conspiracy to commit offences outside the United Kingdom.
(1) Where each of the following conditions is satisfied in the case of an agreement, this Part of this Act has effect in relation to the agreement as it has effect in relation to an agreement falling within section 1(1) above.
(a) an act by one or more of the parties, or
(b) the happening of some other event,
intended to take place in a country or territory outside the United Kingdom.
(4) The third condition is that the agreement would fall within section 1(1) above as an agreement relating to the commission of an offence but for the fact that the offence would not be an offence triable in England and Wales if committed in accordance with the parties’ intentions.
(a) a party to the agreement, or a party’s agent, did anything in England and Wales in relation to the agreement before its formation, or
(b) a party to the agreement became a party in England and Wales (by joining it either in person or through an agent) , or
(c) a party to the agreement, or a party’s agent, did or omitted anything in England and Wales in pursuance of the agreement.
(6) In the application of this Part of this Act to an agreement in the case of which each of the above conditions is satisfied, a reference to an offence is to be read as a reference to what would be the offence in question but for the fact that it is not an offence triable in England and Wales.
(7) Conduct punishable under the law in force in any country or territory is an offence under that law for the purposes of this section, however it is described in that law.
(8) Subject to subsection (9) below, the second condition is to be taken to be satisfied unless, not later than rules of court may provide, the defence serve on the prosecution a notice—
(a) stating that, on the facts as alleged with respect to the agreed course of conduct, the condition is not in their opinion satisfied,
(b) showing their grounds for that opinion, and
(9) The court may permit the defence to require the prosecution to show that the second condition is satisfied without the prior service of a notice under subsection (8) above.
(a) section 9(3) of the M1 Criminal Justice Act 1987 (preparatory hearing in fraud cases) , and
(b) section 31(3) of the M2 Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 (preparatory hearing in other cases).
(11) Any act done by means of a message (however communicated) is to be treated for the purposes of the fourth condition as done in England and Wales if the message is sent or received in England and Wales.
(12) In any proceedings in respect of an offence triable by virtue of this section, it is immaterial to guilt whether or not the accused was a British citizen at the time of any act or other event proof of which is required for conviction of the offence.
(13) References in any enactment, instrument or document (except those in this Part of this Act) to an offence of conspiracy to commit an offence include an offence triable in England and Wales as such a conspiracy by virtue of this section (without prejudice to subsection (6) above).
(14) Nothing in this section—
(a) applies to an agreement entered into before the day on which the Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998 was passed, or
(b) imposes criminal liability on any person acting on behalf of, or holding office under, the Crown.] Annotations:
F5 S. 1A inserted (4.9.1998) by 1998 c. 40, s. 5(1).
M1 1987 c. 38. M2 1996 c. 25. 2 Exemptions from liability for conspiracy.
(1) A person shall not by virtue of section 1 above be guilty of conspiracy to commit any offence if he is an intended victim of that offence.
(2) A person shall not by virtue of section 1 above be guilty of conspiracy to commit any offence or offences if the only other person or persons with whom he agrees are (both initially and at all times during the currency of the agreement) persons of any one or more of the following descriptions, that is to say—
(b) a person under the age of criminal responsibility; and
(c) an intended victim of that offence or of each of those offences.
(3) A person is under the age of criminal responsibility for the purposes of subsection (2) (b) above so long as it is conclusively presumed, by virtue of section 50 of the M3 Children and Young Persons Act 1933, that he cannot be guilty of any offence.
M3 1933 c. 12. 3 Penalties for conspiracy.
(1) A person guilty by virtue of section 1 above of conspiracy to commit any offence or offences shall be liable on conviction on indictment—
(a) in a case falling within subsection (2) or (3) below, to imprisonment for a term related in accordance with that subsection to the gravity of the offence or offences in question (referred to below in this section as the relevant offence or offences) ; and
(b) in any other case, to a fine.
Paragraph (b) above shall not be taken as prejudicing the application of [F6 section 127 of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000] (general power of court to fine offender convicted on indictment) in a case falling within subsection (2) or (3) below.
(a) murder, or any other offence the sentence for which is fixed by law;
(b) an offence for which a sentence extending to imprisonment for life is provided; or
(c) an indictable offence punishable with imprisonment for which no maximum term of imprisonment is provided,
(3) Where in a case other than one to which subsection (2) above applies the relevant offence or any of the relevant offences is punishable with imprisonment, the person convicted shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term provided for that offence or (where more than one such offence is in question) for any one of those offences (taking the longer or the longest term as the limit for the purposes of this section where the terms provided differ).
In the case of an offence triable either way the references above in this subsection to the maximum term provided for that offence are references to the maximum term so provided on conviction on indictment.
F6 Words in s. 3(1) substituted (25.8.2000) by 2000 c. 6, ss. 165, 168(1), Sch. 9 para. 55
4 Restrictions on the institution of proceedings for conspiracy.
(1) Subject to subsection (2) below proceedings under section 1 above for conspiracy to commit any offence or offences shall not be instituted against any person except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions if the offence or (as the case may be) each of the offences in question is a summary offence.
(2) In relation to the institution of proceedings under section 1 above for conspiracy to commit—
(a) an offence which is subject to a prohibition by or under any enactment on the institution of proceedings otherwise than by, or on behalf or with the consent of, the Attorney General, or
(b) two or more offences of which at least one is subject to such a prohibition,
subsection (1) above shall have effect with the substitution of a reference to the Attorney General for the reference to the Director of Public Prosecutions.
(3) Any prohibition by or under any enactment on the institution of proceedings for any offence which is not a summary offence otherwise than by, or on behalf or with the consent of, the Director of Public Prosecutions or any other person shall apply also in relation to proceedings under section 1 above for conspiracy to commit that offence.
(a) an offence has been committed in pursuance of any agreement; and
(b) proceedings may not be instituted for that offence because any time limit applicable to the institution of any such proceedings has expired,
proceedings under section 1 above for conspiracy to commit that offence shall not be instituted against any person on the basis of that agreement.
[F7 (5) Subject to subsection (6) below, no proceedings for an offence triable by virtue of section 1A above may be instituted except by or with the consent of the Attorney General.
(6) The Secretary of State may by order provide that subsection (5) above shall not apply, or shall not apply to any case of a description specified in the order.
(7) An order under subsection (6) above—
(b) shall not be made unless a draft has been laid before, and approved by resolution of, each House of Parliament.] Annotations:
F7 S. 4(5)-(7) added (4.9.1998) by 1998 c. 40, s. 5(2).
5 Abolitions, savings, transitional provisions, consequential amendment and repeals.
(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, the offence of conspiracy at common law is hereby abolished.
(2) Subsection (1) above shall not affect the offence of conspiracy at common law so far as relates to conspiracy to defraud, . . . F8 .
(3) Subsection (1) above shall not affect the offence of conspiracy at common law if and in so far as it may be committed by entering into an agreement to engage in conduct which—
(a) tends to corrupt public morals or outrages public decency; but
(b) would not amount to or involve the commission of an offence if carried out by a single person otherwise than in pursuance of an agreement.
(4) Subsection (1) above shall not affect—
(a) any proceedings commenced before the time when this Part of this Act comes into force;
(b) any proceedings commenced after that time against a person charged with the same conspiracy as that charged in any proceedings commenced before that time; or
(c) any proceedings commenced after that time in respect of a trespass committed before that time;
but a person convicted of conspiracy to trespass in any proceedings brought by virtue of paragraph (c) above shall not in respect of that conviction be liable to imprisonment for a term exceeding six months.
(5) Sections 1 and 2 above shall apply to things done before as well as to things done after the time when this Part of this Act comes into force, but in the application of section 3 above to a case where the agreement in question was entered into before that time—
(a) subsection (2) shall be read without the reference to murder in paragraph (a) ; and
(b) any murder intended under the agreement shall be treated as an offence for which a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years is provided.
(6) The rules laid down by sections 1 and 2 above shall apply for determining whether a person is guilty of an offence of conspiracy under any enactment other than section 1 above, but conduct which is an offence under any such other enactment shall not also be an offence under section 1 above.
(7) Incitement . . . F9 to commit the offence of conspiracy (whether the conspiracy incited . . . F9 would be an offence at common law or under section 1 above or any other enactment) shall cease to be offences.
(8) The fact that the person or persons who, so far as appears from the indictment on which any person has been convicted of conspiracy, were the only other parties to the agreement on which his conviction was based have been acquitted of conspiracy by reference to that agreement (whether after being tried with the person convicted or separately) shall not be a ground for quashing his conviction unless under all the circumstances of the case his conviction is inconsistent with the acquittal of the other person or persons in question.
(9) Any rule of law or practice inconsistent with the provisions of subsection (8) above is hereby abolished.
X2 (10) In section 4 of the M4 Offences against the Person Act 1861—
(a) the words preceding “Whosoever” shall cease to have effect; and
(b) for the words from “be kept” to “years” there shall be substituted the words “imprisonment for life”.
F10 (11). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X2 The text of ss. 5(10)(11), 15(2), 17, 30(1)(2), 31(10), 32(3), 46, 49, 52, 57, 63(1), 65(4)(5), Sch. 13 is in the form in which it was originally enacted: it was not reproduced in Statutes in Force and does not reflect any amendments or repeals which may have been made prior to 1.2.1991.
F8 Words repealed by Criminal Justice Act 1987 (c. 38, SIF 39:1), s. 12(2)
F9 Words repealed by Criminal Attempts Act 1981 (c. 38, SIF 39:1), Sch. Pt. I
F10 S. 5(11) repealed (16.10.1992) by Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (c. 52), ss. 300(1), 302, Sch.1 (with Sch. 3 para. 2).
M4 1861 c. 100. Part II Offences Relating to Entering and Remaining on Property	6 Violence for securing entry.
(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, any person who, without lawful authority, uses or threatens violence for the purpose of securing entry into any premises for himself or for any other person is guilty of an offence, provided that—
[F11 (1A) Subsection (1) above does not apply to a person who is a displaced residential occupier or a protected intending occupier of the premises in question or who is acting on behalf of such an occupier; and if the accused adduces sufficient evidence that he was, or was acting on behalf of, such an occupier he shall be presumed to be, or to be acting on behalf of, such an occupier unless the contrary is proved by the prosecution.] (2) [F12 Subject to subsection (1A) above,] the fact that a person has any interest in or right to possession or occupation of any premises shall not for the purposes of subsection (1) above constitute lawful authority for the use or threat of violence by him or anyone else for the purpose of securing his entry into those premises.
F13 (3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4) It is immaterial for the purposes of this section—
(5) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding [F14 level 5 on the standard scale] or to both.
(6) A constable in uniform may arrest without warrant anyone who is, or whom he, with reasonable cause, suspects to be, guilty of an offence under this section.
(7) Section 12 below contains provisions which apply for determining when any person is to be regarded for the purposes of this Part of this Act as a displaced residential occupier of any premises or of any access to any premises [F15 and section 12A below contains provisions which apply for determining when any person is to be regarded for the purposes of this Part of this Act as a protected intending occupier of any premises or of any access to any premises.] .
F11 S. 6(1A) inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 72(2); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch.1.
F12 Words in s. 6(2) inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 72(3); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch.1.
F13 S. 6(3) omitted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 72(4) and repealed (prosp.) by 1994 c. 33, ss. 168(3), 172(2), Sch.11; S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch.1.
F14 Words substituted by virtue of Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48, SIF 39:1), s. 46
F15 Words in s. 6(7) inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 72(5); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch.1.
C5 S. 6(6), 7(11), 8(4), 9(7), 10(5) saved by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c. 60), s. 26, Sch. 2
[F16 7 Adverse occupation of residential premises.
(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section and to section 12A(9) below, any person who is on any premises as a trespasser after having entered as such is guilty of an offence if he fails to leave those premises on being required to do so by or on behalf of—
(b) an individual who is a protected intending occupier of the premises.
(2) In any proceedings for an offence under this section it shall be a defence for the accused to prove that he believed that the person requiring him to leave the premises was not a displaced residential occupier or protected intending occupier of the premises or a person acting on behalf of a displaced residential occupier or protected intending occupier.
(3) In any proceedings for an offence under this section it shall be a defence for the accused to prove—
(a) that the premises in question are or form part of premises used mainly for non-residential purposes; and
(b) that he was not on any part of the premises used wholly or mainly for residential purposes.
(4) Any reference in the preceding provisions of this section to any premises includes a reference to any access to them, whether or not any such access itself constitutes premises, within the meaning of this Part of this Act.
(5) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or to both.
(7) Section 12 below contains provisions which apply for determining when any person is to be regarded for the purposes of this Part of this Act as a displaced residential occupier of any premises or of any access to any premises and section 12A below contains provisions which apply for determining when any person is to be regarded for the purposes of this Part of this Act as a protected intending occupier of any premises or of any access to any premises.] Annotations:
F16 S. 7 substituted (3.5.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s.73; S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch.1.
8 Trespassing with a weapon of offence.
(1) A person who is on any premises as a trespasser, after having entered as such, is guilty of an offence if, without lawful authority or reasonable excuse, he has with him on the premises any weapon of offence.
(2) In subsection (1) above “weapon of offence” means any article made or adapted for use for causing injury to or incapacitating a person, or intended by the person having it with him for such use.
(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to a fine not exceeding [F17 level 5 on the standard scale] or to both.
(4) A constable in uniform may arrest without warrant anyone who is, or whom he, with reasonable cause, suspects to be, in the act of committing an offence under this section.
F17 Words substituted by virtue of Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48, SIF 39:1), s. 46
C6 S. 6(6), 7(11), 8(4), 9(7), 10(5) saved by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c. 60), s. 26, Sch. 2
9 Trespassing on premises of foreign missions, etc.
(1) Subject to subsection (3) below, a person who enters or is on any premises to which this section applies as a trespasser is guilty of an offence.
(2) This section applies to any premises which are or form part of—
(a) the premises of a diplomatic mission within the meaning of the definition in Article 1(i) of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations signed in 1961 as that Article has effect in the United Kingdom by virtue of section 2 of and Schedule 1 to the M5 Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964;
[F18 (aa) the premises of a closed diplomatic mission;] (b) consular premises within the meaning of the definition in paragraph 1(j) of Article 1 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations signed in 1963 as that Article has effect in the United Kingdom by virtue of section 1 of and Schedule 1 to the M6 Consular Relations Act 1968;
[F19 (bb) the premises of a closed consular post;] (c) any other premises in respect of which any organisation or body is entitled to inviolability by or under any enactment; and
(d) any premises which are the private residence of a diplomatic agent (within the meaning of Article 1(e) of the Convention mentioned in paragraph (a) above) or of any other person who is entitled to inviolability of residence by or under any enactment.
[F20 (2A) In subsection (2) above—
“the premises of a closed diplomatic mission” means premises which fall within Article 45 of the Convention mentioned in subsection (2) (a) above (as that Article has effect in the United Kingdom by virtue of the section and Schedule mentioned in that paragraph) ; and
“the premises of a closed consular post” means premises which fall within Article 27 of the Convention mentioned in subsection (2) (b) above (as that Article has effect in the United Kingdom by virtue of the section and Schedule mentioned in that paragraph) ;] (3) In any proceedings for an offence under this section it shall be a defence for the accused to prove that he believed that the premises in question were not premises to which this section applies.
(4) In any proceedings for an offence under this section a certificate issued by or under the authority of the Secretary of State stating that any premises were or formed part of premises of any description mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (d) of subsection (2) above at the time of the alleged offence shall be conclusive evidence that the premises were or formed part of premises of that description at that time.
(5) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding [F21 level 5 on the standard scale] or to both.
(6) Proceedings for an offence under this section shall not be instituted against any person except by or with the consent of the Attorney General.
(7) A constable in uniform may arrest without warrant any one who is, or whom he, with reasonable cause, suspects to be, in the act of committing an offence under this section.
F18 S. 9(2)(aa) inserted by Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987 (c. 46, SIF 68:1), s. 7(1)(a)
F19 S. 9(2)(bb) inserted by Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987 (c. 46, SIF 68:1), s. 7(1)(b)
F20 S. 9(2A) inserted by Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987 (c. 46, SIF 68:1), s. 7(2)
F21 Words substituted by virtue of Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48, SIF 39:1), s. 46
C7 S. 6(6), 7(11), 8(4), 9(7), 10(5) saved by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c. 60), s. 26, Sch. 2
M5 1964 c. 81. M6 1968 c. 18. 10 Obstruction of court officers executing process for possession against unauthorised occupiers.
(1) Without prejudice to section 8(2) of the M7 Sheriffs Act 1887 but subject to the following provisions of this section, a person is guilty of an offence if he resists or intentionally obstructs any person who is in fact an officer of a court engaged in executing any process issued by the High Court or by any county court for the purpose of enforcing any judgment or order for the recovery of any premises or for the delivery of possession of any premises.
(2) Subsection (1) above does not apply unless the judgment or order in question was given or made in proceedings brought under any provisions of rules of court applicable only in circumstances where the person claiming possession of any premises alleges that the premises in question are occupied solely by a person or persons (not being a tenant or tenants holding over after the termination of the tenancy) who entered into or remained in occupation of the premises without the licence or consent of the person claiming possession or any predecessor in title of his.
(3) In any proceedings for an offence under this section it shall be a defence for the accused to prove that he believed that the person he was resisting or obstructing was not an officer of a court.
(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding [F22 level 5 on the standard scale] or to both.
(5) A constable in uniform or any officer of a court may arrest without warrant anyone who is, or whom he, with reasonable cause, suspects to be, guilty of an offence under this section.
(6) In this section “officer of a court” means—
(a) any sheriff, under sheriff, deputy sheriff, bailiff or officer of a sheriff; and
(b) any bailiff or other person who is an officer of a county court within the meaning of the M8 County Courts Act 1959.
F22 Words substituted by virtue of Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48, SIF 39:1), s. 46
C8 S. 6(6), 7(11), 8(4), 9(7), 10(5) saved by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c. 60), s. 26, Sch. 2
M7 1887 c. 55. M8 1959 c. 22. F23 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F23 S. 11 repealed by Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c. 60, SIF 95), s. 119(2), Sch. 7 Pt. I