Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/TWI549396B/en
Timestamp: 2020-04-02 14:07:05
Document Index: 502793125

Matched Legal Cases: ['arts\n114', 'arts\n306', 'arts\n332', 'arts\n350', 'arts\n358', 'arts\n392', 'arts\n393', 'arts\n454', 'arts\n460']

TWI549396B - System, device, and process for monitoring electrical characteristics - Google Patents
System, device, and process for monitoring electrical characteristics Download PDF
TWI549396B
TWI549396B TW101114586A TW101114586A TWI549396B TW I549396 B TWI549396 B TW I549396B TW 101114586 A TW101114586 A TW 101114586A TW 101114586 A TW101114586 A TW 101114586A TW I549396 B TWI549396 B TW I549396B
TW101114586A
TW201310836A (en
大衛 利思基
歐仁 狄傑奇
伊恩 奧普瑞
尤步東
安東尼 史卓達科
亞歷山大 伊瑞安妮可夫
貝佳納 畢隆加
崔 羅西格
沃特拉半導體公司
2011-04-25 Priority to US201161478856P priority Critical
2012-04-23 Priority to US13/453,739 priority patent/US9679885B2/en
2012-04-24 Application filed by 沃特拉半導體公司 filed Critical 沃特拉半導體公司
2013-03-01 Publication of TW201310836A publication Critical patent/TW201310836A/en
2016-09-11 Publication of TWI549396B publication Critical patent/TWI549396B/en
Systems, devices and programs for monitoring electrical characteristics
The present invention is generally directed to protection devices for powered components and systems and also to monitoring associated with such protection devices.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/478,856, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. (Attorney Docket No. VOLTP012P), the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
For example, a power supply can be connected in the form of various electronic devices and circuits to deliver power to one or more loads. When the current drawn from the power supply is significantly higher than the current at which the load is safe, there is a inherent risk that one of such devices or one of the circuits can cause a system failure. System components can overheat and even cause electrical fires. A circuit breaker, fuse or load switch can be coupled between a power supply and a powered device to provide overload protection (including protection under overcurrent conditions as described above). For example, a load switch can be turned off to disconnect the power supply from the device. This protects both the device and the power supply from fault conditions (such as short circuit circuits) that can otherwise cause damage or failure of the powered device and circuitry as well as the power supply.
In addition, manufacturing standards for modern electronic devices and systems often include power limiting and/or current limiting specifications. For example, some specifications state that certain components are not allowed to supply more than 240 volts (VA) of power. Therefore, electronic device system Manufacturers are often required to design circuits to prevent the load connected to a power supply from exceeding the applicable power limit or current limit. For systems where the current or power supplied exceeds the standard, there are deficiencies in designing and manufacturing protective devices using conventional methods.
The device, device, circuit, component, mechanism, unit, system, and program of the present invention each have several inventive aspects, and no single aspect of the present invention is solely responsible for the desired attributes disclosed herein.
According to one aspect, a system includes a power supply, a device, and a switching mechanism coupled between the power supply and the device. The switching mechanism is configured to have the power supply coupled to an open state of the device or the power supply is decoupled from the device in a closed state. The on state allows current to be transferred from the power supply to the device along a current path. A monitoring mechanism has one or more sensing inputs and a reporting output. The one or more sense inputs can be coupled to sense one of electrical characteristics at the current path. The electrical characteristic can be, for example, a current, voltage, and/or power. The monitoring mechanism is configured to provide a reporting signal at the report output in response to the sensed electrical characteristic. The report signal indicates the sensed electrical characteristics. The monitoring mechanism and the switching mechanism are integrated on a wafer.
According to another aspect, a device includes a switching mechanism and a monitoring mechanism. The switching mechanism is configured to have an open state or a closed state, wherein the open state allows a current to be delivered along a current path. The monitoring mechanism is as described above. In some embodiments, the monitoring mechanism is coupled to provide a reporting signal to a controller that is operatively Coupling to cause the switching mechanism to have an open state or a closed state. For example, the controller can be operatively coupled to cause the switching mechanism to have a closed state in response to the sensed electrical characteristic meeting or exceeding a specified threshold.
According to another aspect, a program includes: sensing an electrical characteristic at a current path at a monitoring mechanism; determining whether to cause the switching mechanism to have a closed state in response to the sensed electrical characteristic; and responding to the sensed A reporting signal is provided at the monitoring agency for electrical characteristics. In some embodiments, determining whether to cause the switching mechanism to have a closed state is based, at least in part, on a temperature. For example, the temperature can be sensed near a location of the switching mechanism or device.
According to another aspect, a program includes: sensing an electrical characteristic at a current path at a monitoring mechanism; and setting an adjustable reference electrical characteristic to provide a specified power level in response to the sensed electrical characteristic; Comparing the sensed electrical characteristics to the adjustable reference electrical characteristics; and causing the switching mechanism to be turned off in response to the sensed electrical characteristics meeting or exceeding the reference electrical characteristics.
According to another aspect, a device includes a switching mechanism and a controller. The controller includes a power measurement mechanism having: coupled to sense one of a current at a current path or a plurality of current sense inputs; and coupled to sense between the switching mechanism and a powered device One of the voltages at one of the nodes is a voltage sensing input. The power measurement mechanism is configured to measure a power based on the sensed current and the sensed voltage. The controller is operatively coupled to cause the switching mechanism to have a closed state in response to indicating one or more events of a system fault condition. The one or more events include measured power More than a specified power threshold. The controller and switching mechanism are integrated on a wafer, such as a flip chip.
According to another aspect, a program includes: sensing a first electrical characteristic at a current path; sensing a second electrical characteristic at the current path after a period of time; in response to the sensed first Determining whether the switching mechanism has a closed state in response to or exceeding a threshold value; and providing a reporting signal in response to the sensed first and second electrical characteristics, wherein the reporting signal indicates The first and second electrical characteristics that are sensed. For example, the time period is selectable or programmable.
According to another aspect, a program includes: sensing a first electrical characteristic at a current path; comparing the sensed first electrical characteristic with a first threshold and a second threshold; Sensing a second electrical characteristic at the current path when the sensed first electrical characteristic meets or exceeds the first threshold but does not meet or exceed the second threshold; when the sensed second electrical When the characteristic meets or exceeds both the first threshold and the second threshold, causing the switching mechanism to have a closed state; and when the sensed electrical characteristic does not exceed the second threshold, indicating the measured One of the first electrical characteristics of the signal. The first threshold and the second threshold are adjustable.
The details of the embodiments and the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and the following description. Various features of the subject matter of the invention may be recognized by reference to the description and the remainder of the drawings. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.
The drawings are included for purposes of illustration and are only intended to be provided for the disclosure Examples of possible structures and program steps of the inventive devices, devices, circuits, components, mechanisms, units, systems, and programs.
The same reference numbers and symbols in the various drawings indicate the same elements.
Reference is made in detail to the specific embodiments including the best mode contemplated by the inventor. Examples of such specific embodiments are shown in the drawings. Although the present invention is described in connection with the specific embodiments, it is understood that it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments described. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents of the invention and the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. In the following description, specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. The subject matter of the invention may be practiced without some or all of the specific details. In addition, well-known features are not described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention.
Systems, devices, devices, circuits, components, mechanisms, units, and programs for integrated protection and monitoring of a powered system using a device (eg, in the form of an integrated circuit (IC)) are disclosed.
In some embodiments, a current monitoring service, a voltage monitoring service, and/or a power monitoring service combined with a switching mechanism, such as a load switch, may be provided in a single wafer or package to provide enhanced protection of the powered system and Monitoring. In some embodiments, the current reporting service, voltage reporting service, and/or power reporting service and monitoring circuitry and switching mechanism are also combined in a single IC or in a single package incorporating one or more ICs to provide various services. In some embodiments, additional hardware that provides temperature sensing and reporting services may also be incorporated into this IC or package.
In some embodiments, in the more detailed description below, the same wafer can be Integrated to provide one or more monitoring mechanisms and switching mechanisms for current, voltage and/or power monitoring, and for controlling the switching mechanism to be turned on or off, a separate controller and any accompanying hardware are located outside the wafer (For example, on different wafers in the same package). In some other embodiments, the monitoring mechanism is an integrated component of the controller that integrates the monitoring mechanism and the switching mechanism in the same wafer. In this manner, a single wafer can provide enhanced protection, monitoring, and control of a powered system based on events that can indicate a system fault condition (also referred to herein as an overload condition). As described herein, for example, such enhanced protection services, monitoring services, and control services can be implemented in a single IC with or without a current reporting service, a voltage reporting service, a temperature reporting service, and/or a power reporting service.
In some embodiments, a controller having an integrated current, voltage, and/or power monitoring mechanism can be implemented to control the switching on and off of a switching mechanism in response to various events while also sensing and reporting the Switch the electrical characteristics of the mechanism. The monitoring mechanism can be configured to provide such monitoring and reporting of current, voltage, and/or power, while the controller simultaneously controls switching when certain conditions (such as overcurrent events, overvoltage events, and/or overpower events) occur. Switching of institutions. Simultaneous temperature sensing and reporting can also be provided so that high temperature events can cause the controller to shut down the switching mechanism. For example, a temperature sensor and a switching mechanism and a current monitoring mechanism can be integrated in the same wafer. In some embodiments, an overcurrent event can be detected using electrical characteristics, such as the actual current sensed in the path of the switching mechanism, the ratio of one of the sensed currents, or one of the currents. For example, a resistor can be coupled to the current path of the switching mechanism, and the voltage across the resistor can be used by The voltage monitoring mechanism measures and compares to a threshold. The power event can be detected by a power monitoring mechanism based on the actual current sensed in the path of the switching mechanism and the actual voltage sensed at the input of the powered device.
In one embodiment of an integrated protection and monitor device, a monitoring mechanism is provided in combination with a switching mechanism, wherein the combination has one or more outputs. The combination typically has a power output at which the switching mechanism provides current from one or more components to one or more further components. For example, such further components can be in the form of other powered electrical devices and/or power supplies. Some embodiments have only this power output, while some other embodiments also include one or more report outputs from the integrated protection and monitor component. This output can provide a report signal indicative of one of the electrical characteristics of the protection and monitor component or one of the systems of the protection and monitor components. This characteristic can be the current traveling through the protection and monitor components, the voltage at the input or output of the protection and monitor components, or the power supplied at the power output of the protection and monitor components. Thus, a controller and a monitoring mechanism integrated with a switching mechanism can cooperate to provide power flow from a power supply to a powered device or system, and the controller controls the switching mechanism to indicate if the monitoring mechanism is traveling Stopping power flow (such as shutting off the switching mechanism) if the current through the protection and monitor components is too high, the monitored voltage at the input or output of the protection and monitor components is too high, and/or the power provided by the device is too high. . In some other embodiments, the monitoring mechanism provides a reporting service that indicates how much current travels through the protection and monitor components at any given time; how much voltage is applied to the input or output of the protection and monitor components And/or the power supplied by the protection and monitor components How big. Depending on the desired implementation, the reporting signal can be in the form of an analog current, a analog voltage, or a digital output.
Thus, in some embodiments where the monitoring mechanism cooperates with the switching mechanism to protect the system from a variety of fault conditions, the monitoring mechanism senses and reports electrical characteristics (such as current and/or power provided by the switching mechanism). In some embodiments, monitoring and reporting of such electrical characteristics can be provided by a single controller independent of the control of the switching mechanism. The information provided in the reporting signal can be further processed to optimize one of the systems including the controller and the switching mechanism.
One of the measured power, current, temperature, or voltage reporting signals, as described above, can be delivered to various components (such as a microcontroller or a comparator). For example, a comparator can be connected to compare a current report signal with a reference signal. For example, the reference signal can provide a reference current and can be generated on the wafer or generated off-chip. In this manner, for example, if the sensed current exceeds a certain threshold, but not as high as causing the controller to turn off the switching mechanism (eg, in the event of an overcurrent condition), the comparator output can go high, Causes some of the powered components to shut down and reduce heat generation in the system. Thus, in the current monitoring example, the current reporting signal can provide substantially one of the warning levels of current traveling through the switching mechanism. Depending on the desired implementation, one of the comparators or microcontrollers providing such operations can be located on or off the wafer.
In some embodiments, the reference current of one of the integrated current sense signals can be adjusted in accordance with the sensed voltage at one of the integrated protection and monitor components or at an output, such that a power limit threshold is maintained. As close as possible to a desired value (such as 240 VA). For example, as in the reference picture 3B, as described and illustrated herein, a voltage can be sensed in the current path of a switching mechanism. The reference current can be varied in response to the sensed voltage value to maintain a power threshold at 240 VA.
In some embodiments, an output can include one or more digital signals indicating when some or all of the electrical characteristics are within an acceptable level. This can be used to indicate when the voltage at the output of the integrated protection and monitor components is in an active state and if there are one or more faults. Examples of faults include over temperature events, over current events, over voltage events, and over power events.
Embodiments of systems, devices, devices, circuits, components, mechanisms, units and procedures based on one or more events indicative of a system fault condition for integrated protection and control are also disclosed, independent of whether current monitoring is also provided Reporting service. A controller and switching mechanism can be integrated on the wafer to control the switching mechanism to be turned "on" and "off" in response to a combination of one of an over-power event, an over-current event, and/or an over-temperature event, and some of the events in some embodiments. .
In some embodiments, a power measurement can be detected using a power measurement based on the voltage sensed at one of the switching mechanisms and the actual current traveling through the switching mechanism. In an alternate embodiment, the power measurement can be based on a ratio of the sensed current, for example, using the power sensor of Figure 6E, described in more detail below.
Using the disclosed embodiments, the circuit and the powered device can draw power limiting specifications (such as 240 VA) or other parameters (such as current limiting specifications that do not exceed these parameters). Some of the disclosed embodiments provide enhanced accuracy and responsiveness in controlling a switching mechanism, and thus are generally Allow more power to move from one component to another. These embodiments are also cost effective and occupy the smallest wafer area. These attributes add values to the overall system.
1A is a simplified diagram of one of the components of a system 100 incorporating an integrated protection and monitor assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. An integrated protection and monitor component 112 is coupled between a first component 102 ("component A") and a second component 106 ("component B"). For example, component A can be a power supply and component B can be a powered device or system (also referred to herein as a load). In some embodiments, component B of FIG. 1A is a simplified representation of one of a plurality of electrical devices or systems powered by component A. That is, in some embodiments, multiple components may be located "downstream" from one of the component A power supply chains, and the integrated protection and monitor component 112 acts as an intermediary to provide protection for such components. In other embodiments, both component A and component B are power supplies, as described in more detail below. Depending on the desired implementation, the integrated protection and monitor component 112 can include one or more of the following: a current monitoring mechanism, a current reporting service via a current reporting signal, a voltage monitoring mechanism, via a voltage reporting signal a voltage reporting service, a power measurement mechanism, a power reporting service, a temperature monitoring mechanism using, for example, a temperature sensor, a temperature reporting service via a temperature reporting signal, and other mechanisms as described herein, Circuits, units and services. These various mechanisms and services can be integrated into the same device (eg, in the form of a single crystal IC or a multi-chip package).
1B is one of the components of a system 150 for integrating an integrated protection and monitor component and current monitoring and reporting in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Simplify the diagram. In this particular example, integrated protection and monitor component 114 is coupled between two components (a power supply 104 and a powered device 108). The power supply 104 can be any of a variety of power sources. For example, in some embodiments, one or more lithium ion batteries can function as the power supply 104, while in other embodiments a wall supply system can be used. The power supply 104 can provide a variety of voltages (such as 5 volts or 12 volts direct current (DC)). Other higher or lower power sources can be used as the power supply 104 depending on the desired implementation. Device 108 may include one or more components and may be in the form of one of a sub-device and a component. Examples of such a device 108 include notebook computers, notepads, smart phones, and other such personal computing devices. In other embodiments, device 108 is a highly reliable system, such as a network router having one of a plurality of processing cards configured to provide routing functionality and proper backup. Devices like these include distributed computing boards and various parallel processing devices.
In FIG. 1B, integrated device 114 is coupled between power supply 104 and device 108. In one embodiment of device 114, a switching mechanism and a monitoring mechanism can be integrated on the same wafer as described in more detail below. In other embodiments, the switching mechanism and the monitoring mechanism can be separate components and located on different wafers of the same package. Various configurations of the switching mechanism and the monitoring mechanism in the integrated device 114 are described below. In this embodiment, the integrated device 114 has an output 埠 116 that provides a current reporting signal. The output port 116 can be implemented as one of the pins on the wafer and/or connected to other on-wafer and off-chip circuits. In an example, device 114 can be coupled to sense a transfer between power supply 108 and device 108. flow. The device 114 can be configured to output a current report signal in response to the sensed current. The current report signal can indicate the current supplied from the power supply 104 to the device 108.
2 is a simplified diagram of one of the components of a system of protection and monitoring devices and current monitoring and reporting 200 using a sense resistor in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In Figure 2, a separate switching mechanism 204 is illustrated. The switching mechanism 204 is coupled between the power supply 104 and the device 108. In this example, the switching mechanism 204 is represented as a transistor, such as a field effect transistor (FET). Switching mechanism 204 can be structured to have one or more of these FETs (including but not limited to LDMOS, standard MOS or GaAs), which can be configured as an N-channel or a P-channel, depending on the desired implementation. Other various types of transistors can be used to implement the switching mechanism 204, including a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). In various embodiments, any of the switching mechanism 204 and the various switching mechanisms described herein can be implemented as a single transistor or a combination of two or more transistors.
Switching mechanism 204 can have a variety of implementations depending on the application desired. For example, switching mechanism 204 can be a load switch that includes one of the transfer FETs. In other applications, the switching mechanism 204 can be implemented as a switch, such as an OR'ing switch, a circuit breaker, a fuse, or a hot swap switch. In some of these embodiments, the switching mechanism can include one or more transistors, as shown in the various figures. Although a switching mechanism 204 in the form of a single transistor is often shown in the drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other embodiments in which the switching mechanism can include more than one transistor or a plurality of switching components in addition to the transistor, and Patent application scope These alternative embodiments are intended to be covered.
Depending on the desired implementation, the current that can be transferred from power supply 104 through switching mechanism 204 to device 108 can be any suitable range. For example, in some embodiments, the switching mechanism 204 operates within the range of microamps, while in other embodiments, the switching mechanism 204 can handle currents in the range of 100 amps or more.
In FIG. 2, switching mechanism 204 is generally configured to have a power supply 104 coupled to one of the device 108 open states or a power supply 104 decoupled from device 108. That is, the switching mechanism 204 is configured to switch between an on state and an off state. The on state allows current to be passed along a current path, while the off state prevents this transfer of current. In the example of FIG. 2, this current path is defined by coupling power supply 104 to device 108 through switching mechanism 204. As described in the examples below, the switching mechanism can be turned off when an event or a combination of several events is established. One or more of these events often indicates that the power supply 104 should be disconnected from the device 108 to protect the system 200 from various system failure conditions.
In FIG. 2, a controller 208 is operatively coupled to control switching of the switching mechanism 204 between an open state and a closed state. In this example, one of the controllers 208 controls the output 212 to be coupled to the gate of the FET of the switching mechanism 204. A driver is coupled between the controller 208 and the FET gate, although not shown in some embodiments of FIG. The same applies to the diagram in which one of the drivers described below is not explicitly shown between the controller and the switching mechanism. This driver optimizes turn-on delay and speed as well as turn-off delay and speed. The controller can be operatively coupled in response to the disclosure herein One or more various events cause the switching mechanism to shut down. For example, when one of the power monitoring mechanisms separate from or integrated with the controller 208 indicates that one of the power delivered from the switching mechanism 204 to the device 108 meets or exceeds a specified power threshold (such as 240 VA), or with control The controller 208 can be grouped by a current monitoring mechanism that is detached or integrated with the controller 208 to indicate that one of the current paths along the current path between the power supply 104 and the device 108 exceeds a specified current threshold. The state causes the switching mechanism 204 to turn off and output a signal reporting one of the overload conditions. This specified threshold may indicate a system failure condition that implements any of a variety of system contents of controller 208, such as system 200 of FIG. For example, one of the devices 108 in the form of a mobile phone can be set to a threshold of a few amps, and a computing device, such as a server, can be defined or set to a threshold within a range of hundreds of amps. In another example, the specified threshold is within the range of microamps. This threshold and other thresholds as disclosed herein may be set internally or externally depending on the desired implementation.
In FIG. 2, the system fault condition can be any of a variety of faults, such as a short circuit or one or more components of device 108 becoming fatigued and failing to operate. In one example, the known system 200 typically draws 10 amps of current between the power supply 104 and the device 108. In this example, controller 208 is configured to shut down the threshold of switching mechanism 204 to a threshold of about 15 amps, which indicates that one of the short circuit or component failures may have occurred. Thus, in this embodiment, the current provided between the power supply 104 and the device 108 can fluctuate to about 14 amps without causing the controller 208 to turn off the switching mechanism 204.
In another example, when device 108 is implemented as a system comprising one of a plurality of components, setting threshold 208 to turn off the threshold of switching mechanism 204 can be defined at an appropriate level to prevent multiple within the system. The assembly overheats and causes the overall system 200 to malfunction. Setting the threshold to an appropriate level may also be desirable to simply prevent the device 108 from pulling down the power supply 104 in the event that, for example, the power supply 104 is used to power other components or devices in a larger network.
In FIG. 2, the controller 208 incorporates a current monitoring mechanism configured with one of two current sensing inputs connected along a current path. In this example, the current sense inputs 216a and 216b are coupled to opposite sides of a sense resistor 220 coupled between the power supply 104 and the switching mechanism 204. The sense resistor 220 can be an external sense resistor or it can be an internal sense resistor (eg, integrated into one of the devices 112 of FIG. 1A or the device 114 of FIG. 1B), wherein the switching mechanism 204 can also be integrated And controller 208. The sense resistor 220 can have a suitable resistance to provide a voltage in response to current delivered from the power supply 104 through the switching mechanism 204 to the device 108. Thus, in this example, the current sense inputs 216a and 216b are coupled to sense a voltage across the resistor 220 representing the current that is passed from the power supply 108 to the device 108 along the current path when the switching mechanism 204 is turned on. .
In FIG. 2, the controller 208 also has a current report output 224. In some embodiments, a current monitoring mechanism incorporated in the controller 208 is configured to sense current along the current path by the current sensing inputs 216a and 216b. A current monitoring mechanism of controller 208 is configured to generate an electrical response in response to current sensed at the current sensing inputs 216a and 216b Flow report signal. This report signal is provided at the current report output 224. The current report signal generally indicates the sensed current supplied from power supply 104 to device 108. As described above, the current monitoring mechanism of controller 208 is configured to sense current along a current path between power supply 104 and device 108 and output a current reporting signal while the controller provides overcurrent protection to include The other capabilities of the switching mechanism 204 are turned off when this overcurrent event is identified. One or more monitoring mechanisms may be incorporated in controller 208 and may be configured to provide other services in parallel, including power sensing and temperature sensing, as described in more detail below.
The various current reporting signals, temperature reporting signals, and power reporting signals provided in the embodiments disclosed herein may be additional components integrated with the various systems illustrated in the figures and the systems depicted in the figures. One of the external components is sensed and processed in an appropriate form. For example, the current report signal can indicate a range of current values or current values for a period of time. In another example, the current report signal can be a voltage signal that includes a voltage value or a voltage range measured over a period of time. The voltage signal can be referred to ground or another convenient voltage. For example, in FIG. 2, current reporting output 224 can be coupled to an input terminal on a wafer or an off-chip resistor. When a circuit in controller 208 provides a current signal to output 224, one of the voltages across the resistor can be measured and compared to a threshold. The resistance of the resistor and the voltage at the output terminal of the external resistor can be set to provide the desired accuracy and voltage range. In another example, a current reporting signal in the form of a digital signal is provided by digital hardware and software components positioned internally or externally with respect to the particular unit and system of FIG.
3A is a simplified diagram of one of the components of an integrated protection and monitor component 302 and integrated current monitoring and temperature sensing system 300 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 3A, a controller 304 can include an integrated current monitoring mechanism that is configured and coupled to provide one of the current sensing and reporting services in a manner different from the controller 208 of FIG. In this example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the controller 304 has a first current sense input 306 coupled to a node between the power supply 104 and the switching mechanism 204, and coupled to the switching mechanism 204 and the device. A second current sense input 307 at one of the nodes 108. In comparison to FIG. 2, current sensing inputs 306 and 307 are used, and the current monitoring mechanism of controller 304 is configured to sense the current supplied from power supply 104 to device 108 without using a sense resistor. . For example, a first voltage can be sensed at a node between the power supply 104 and the switching mechanism 204, and a second voltage can be sensed at a node between the switching mechanism 204 and the device 108. In response to the sensed voltages, the integrated current monitoring mechanism of controller 304 can output a suitable current reporting signal at a current reporting output 埠 308.
In FIG. 3A, the controller 304 is configured to provide additional services to control switching of the switching mechanism 204 in addition to controlling the current sensing and reporting services of the integrated current monitoring mechanism. For example, in FIG. 3A, controller 304 has a temperature sensing input 309 coupled to a temperature sensor 312, which in this example is close to one or more of switching mechanisms 204. Positioned by the crystal. In this manner, temperature sensor 312 monitors the temperature of switching mechanism 204 and provides the monitored temperature of switching mechanism 204 to temperature sensing input 309 of controller 304. In some other embodiments, temperature sensing The 312 is located adjacent the device 108 and may or may not be located adjacent to the switching mechanism 204. In this manner, the switching mechanism 204 can be turned "on" or "off" by the controller 304 in response to the sensed temperature of the device 108 rather than the temperature of the switching mechanism 204. Depending on the desired implementation, the temperature sensor 312 can be located on or off the wafer relative to the integrated protection and monitor device 302. The controller 304 is operatively coupled to cause the switching mechanism 204 to turn off in response to the sensed temperature at the sensor 312. For example, controller 304 can be configured to turn off switching mechanism 204 when the monitored temperature at sensor 312 meets or exceeds a specified threshold corresponding to one of the over temperature events. This temperature sensing service can be provided simultaneously with the generation and delivery of the overcurrent protection and current reporting signals at the output port 308 as described above. The sensed temperature from temperature sensor 312 can also be reported in the form of a temperature report signal at output 316. In some examples, when the temperature report signal is a voltage signal, the report signal can be translated into a digital word or scaled to a more desirable voltage range and delivered to one of the output pins of the wafer. The temperature reporting signal can be provided simultaneously with the control operation of the controller 304 based on the sensed temperature.
3B is a simplified diagram of one component of an integrated protection and monitor component 350 for power measurement based monitoring and switching control in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 3B, a controller 358 has an output coupled to a driver 366 that controls the on/off of the switching mechanism 204. Here, the controller 258, the driver 366, and the switching mechanism 204 are integrated in the same device 350 (eg, in the same wafer).
In FIG. 3B, in this example, the controller 358 includes configured to The integrated power measurement mechanism 370 is provided by the power measurement service to determine whether an over-power event (which indicates that excessive power is drawn through the switching mechanism 204) has occurred. The power measurement mechanism 370 has a current sense input 374 coupled to a node in a current path between a power supply and the switching mechanism 204. The power sensing mechanism 370 has a voltage sense input 378 coupled to sense one of the voltages Vout at a node between the switching mechanism 204 and the powered device. The current Iout passing through the switching mechanism 204 can be sensed using inputs 374 and 378. The power measurement mechanism 370 is configured to measure a power based on the sensed current and the sensed voltage. The power measurement mechanism 370 can calculate a power (Pout = Vout x Iout) and cause the Pout to be compared with a specified power threshold to determine whether an over-power event has occurred (ie, when Pout meets or exceeds the specified threshold) When the value is). Pout generally represents the power supplied from the switching mechanism 204 to the device (load). One of the power report signals may be provided at an output port 372 indicating Pout, which may be implemented as one of the pins on the wafer and/or connected to one of the other on-wafer and off-chip circuits.
In FIG. 3B, the driver 366 is operatively coupled to drive the gate of one of the FETs of the switching mechanism 204 in response to a control output from one of the controllers 358 indicating whether the switching mechanism 204 is turned "on" or "off". Various implementations of driver 366 are possible. For example, driver 366 can be structured as a single transistor, a series of two or more transistors, a current source, a capacitor, and combinations of such circuit elements. In this and some other embodiments, switching mechanism 204 can be driven by driving the gate to ground or to another voltage, such as the gate source voltage of the FET of switching mechanism 204, depending on the desired implementation. Shut down. Change the voltage at the gate to this one The entire voltage limits the current that is passed through the transistor. In some embodiments, the gate of switching mechanism 204 can be slowly charged or discharged to limit the turn-on time and turn-off time of switching mechanism 204. In some embodiments where it is desirable to control the response of the switching mechanism 204 when turned "on" or "off", a current source can be used as a driver by charging or discharging the gate of the transistor of the switching mechanism 204 using a known current. One implementation of 366. In some embodiments, a capacitor can also be coupled between the current source and the transistor to change timing. The controller 358 can be configured to control the switching mechanism on/off when the power measured by the power measurement mechanism 370 exceeds a specified threshold (indicating an overpower event). Accordingly, the controller 358 can turn off the switching mechanism 204 when the calculated power meets or exceeds a threshold (such as 240 VA). The circuitry implementing power measurement mechanism 370 can be integrated with switching mechanism 204 (e.g., fabricated on the same die as the switching mechanism and on the same wafer as the switching mechanism).
In FIG. 3B, in some embodiments, the controller 358 can turn the switching mechanism 204 on/off based only on the power measured by the power measurement mechanism 370. In some other implementations, the controller 358 is configured to measure power based on one or more other parameters as discussed herein, such as current sensed temperature measurements and/or temperature sense measurements. It is determined whether or not the switching mechanism is turned off. Thus, a current monitoring mechanism and/or temperature monitoring mechanism can be combined with power monitoring mechanism 370 in controller 358, depending on the desired implementation. For example, when the power calculation by the power measurement mechanism 370 is slower than desired, current sensing of the overcurrent event can also be performed within the controller 358, in which case the controller 358 is configured to This current exceeds The switching mechanism 204 is turned off when a current threshold is specified.
In some embodiments, as described above, an overcurrent event can be detected using one of the actual current measurements based on Vout and passing through the switching mechanism 204. In an alternate embodiment, the power measurement may be based on, for example, using a ratio of sensed currents of one of the current report signals provided by a current mirror mechanism as described below with reference to FIG.
3C is a simplified diagram of one of the components of system 380 incorporating one of integrated protection and monitor components 392 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In one example, the integrated device 392 can include a hot plug device coupled between components 384 and 388 as described in more detail below. Moreover, in this example, the integrated protection and monitor member 392 has one of the inputs in the form of an on/off switch 393. The on/off switch is coupled to a switching mechanism (such as mechanism 204 of Figures 3A and 3B) to provide manual or other means of off-chip control to turn the switching mechanism on or off independently of any monitoring as described herein. . The on/off switch 393 can be implemented as one of the pins on the integrated wafer including the switching mechanism.
3D is a simplified diagram of one of the components of a system incorporating one of the integrated protection and monitor components 390 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 3D, switching mechanism 204 is implemented to include a reverse current transistor 204a coupled in series with a forward current transistor 204b, both coupled between components 384 and 388. For example, transistors 204a and 204b can be both P-channel or N-channel MOSFETs. The back-to-back switches 204a and 204b can cooperate to provide reverse current protection, i.e., to prevent current "Irev" from flowing back from component 388 when the transistors 204a and 204b are in the off state. Component 384. The reverse current transistor 204a has a reverse body connection with respect to the body connection of the forward current transistor 204b.
In FIG. 3D, a controller 394 has two outputs 396a and 396b coupled to control the on/off of transistors 204a and 204b, respectively. Here, the controller 394 and the switching mechanism 204 are integrated in the same device 390 (eg, on the same wafer). In FIG. 3D, the controller outputs 396a and 396b are operatively coupled to drive the transistor by measuring a current, voltage, power, and temperature mechanism 398 in response to indicating whether the switching mechanism 204 is turned "on/off". The gates of 204a and 204b. In this example, current monitoring services, voltage monitoring services, power monitoring services, and temperature monitoring services, often implemented in separate mechanisms, are incorporated into a single mechanism 398 that is integrated with controller 394.
In FIG. 3D, the controller 394 has a first sense input 397a coupled to a node between the switching mechanism 204 and the component 388 to sense a forward current Iout passing through the switching mechanism 204 and is available at Iout. In the opposite direction, one of the reverse currents Irev is passed. In this manner, controller 394 is operatively coupled to turn off load switch 204 in response to Iout exceeding a specified threshold or Irev exceeding a specified threshold. In some embodiments, controller 394 is also operatively coupled as coupled to first sense input 397a at a node between component 384 and switching mechanism 204, as further described herein with respect to various embodiments. Or the monitored voltage at a second sense input 397b exceeds a threshold, if the monitored temperature exceeds a threshold and/or the measured power exceeds a threshold, the switching mechanism is turned off 204. For example, the power measurement in the embodiment of Figure 3D can be based on Iout Or Irev.
In some embodiments, only coupling mechanism 398 to sense Iout causes controller 394 to turn off one of the transistors of switching mechanism 204 when Iout exceeds a specified forward current threshold. In some other implementations, only coupling mechanism 398 senses Irev and turns off one of the transistors of switching mechanism 204 when Irev exceeds a specified reverse current threshold.
3E is a simplified diagram of one of the components of a redundant system having redundant common power sources in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In this embodiment, an integrated protection and monitor unit (IPAMD) 328 protects one of the power domains including one or more power supplies 332. In this example, each power supply 332 has one input coupled to one of the respective IPAMDs 328, and each power supply 332 has one of the inputs coupled to one of the respective IPAMDs 336. The outputs of the IPAMDs 336 are coupled to a component C, which may be a load in the form of a powered device or system.
In FIG. 3E, each IPAMD 328 can be implemented to protect a respective power supply 332 of one of the power domains in accordance with various embodiments disclosed herein. For example, an IPAMD 328 can be implemented as a hot plug device or with 240 VA power protection as described above with reference to Figure 3B. An IPAMD 336 can be used to perform an OR operation protection on individual power supplies or individual stages of a multi-stage power supply. A fault in any of the power supplies or stages of a single multi-stage power supply 332 can be detected by its respective IPAMD 336, and the unit can be turned off to prevent the system from malfunctioning.
In the example of FIG. 3E, a power supply 320 and a redundant component A and B in the form of a power supply 324 each have an output coupled to a respective IPAMD 340. In this In the example, IPAMD 340 provides an "or" operational function. The outputs of the IPAMD 340 are coupled to the inputs of the IPAMD 328. In one example, power supplies 320 and 324 can be in the form of AC to DC sources, while power supply 332 is a post regulator to deliver a particular voltage for a particular load in the system.
In some embodiments, each of the power supplies 332 is a full power supply. In some other embodiments, each power supply 332 is a branch of a single power supply. For example, the power supplies 332 can have a respective "OR" phase (referring to a particular phase of a multi-stage regulator).
In an alternate embodiment shown in FIG. 3E, instead of directly coupling the output of IPAMD 340 to all inputs of IPAMD 328, the output of IPAMD 340 is coupled to one of the additional intermediate IPAMD shared inputs (not shown in FIG. 13), The output of this additional intermediate IPAMD is coupled to all inputs of IPAMD 328. In this alternative embodiment, similar to FIG. 3E, there are redundant voltage regulator modules or stages in the form of redundant power supplies 320 and 324 and power supply 332, as well as additional protection of the intermediate IPAMD.
4A is a simplified diagram of one of the components of an integrated protection and monitor component 400 for current monitoring and reporting in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 4A, switching mechanism 204 is integrated with a controller 404 and a driver 408 in a unit (eg, on the same wafer). In this example, the controller 404 includes a current monitoring mechanism 412 that is configured to provide current sensing and current reporting services. That is, the current monitoring mechanism 412 has a first input 414a coupled to a node between the power supply and the switching mechanism 204 and a second node coupled between the switching mechanism 204 and the powered device. Enter 414b. These current sensing inputs 414a and 414b are coupled Combines sensing current supplied from the power supply to the device. The current monitoring mechanism 412 is configured to generate a current report signal indicative of the current sensed across the switching mechanism 204.
In FIG. 4A, driver 408 is coupled between controller 404 and the gate of one of the switching mechanisms 204. The driver 408 is operatively coupled to drive the gate of the switching mechanism 204 in response to a control from one of the outputs of the controller 404 indicating whether the switching mechanism 204 is turned "on" or "off". The driver 408 can form one of the integrated components of the controller 404, or in some embodiments, the driver 408 can be a separate component as depicted in Figure 4A. In this example, driver 408, controller 404, and switching mechanism 204 are fabricated on the same die. For example, when the switching mechanism 204 is implemented as a FET, the driver 408 can be implemented as an analog or digital buffer. In other embodiments, when the switching mechanism 204 is implemented as a BJT, the driver 408 can be implemented as a base current driver.
4B is a simplified diagram of one component of an integrated protection and monitor component 450 for current monitoring integrated with a switching mechanism in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In the example of FIG. 4B, the switching mechanism 204 and the current monitoring mechanism 458 are integrated in a unit (such as a single wafer) as compared to FIG. 4A, but a controller 454 and driver 408 are not part of the unit ( That is, outside the wafer). In this example, similar to the current monitoring mechanism 412 of FIG. 4A and as generally described above, the current monitoring mechanism 458 is also configured to provide current sensing. The current monitoring mechanism 458 provides a current reporting signal at an output 460 to the controller 454 such that the controller 454 can determine whether to use the driver 408 to turn the switching mechanism off or on in response to the current reporting signal. 204.
In FIG. 4B, as in FIG. 4A, the driver 480 is also coupled between the controller 454 and the gate of one of the switching mechanisms 204. As illustrated, the driver 408 can be external to the integrated protection and monitor component 450, or in other examples, the driver 408 can form an integrated component of the device 450. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4B, the current monitoring mechanism 458 and the switching mechanism 204 are fabricated on the same substrate, and the controller 454 and the driver 408 are fabricated on a different substrate. In some embodiments, the device 450 can be packaged with a controller 454 and a driver 408.
5 is a simplified diagram of one component of a current monitoring and reporting device 500 having a current mirroring mechanism in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 5, device 500 includes an embodiment of a current monitoring mechanism (such as current monitoring mechanism 412 of FIG. 4A or current monitoring mechanism 458 of FIG. 4B) as described above. In this example, the current monitoring mechanism includes a current mirror circuit implemented with two FETs 504 and 508 and an amplifier 512. In this embodiment, the FETs 504 and 508 are configured as P-channel FETs. In other embodiments, the FETs in device 500 can alternatively be configured as N-channel FETs. Here, the current mirror circuit includes a reference FET 504 that matches the FET of the switching mechanism 204 (eg, by fabricating the reference FET 504 on a substrate identical to the FET of the switching mechanism 204). For example, the reference FET 504 can have a channel structure and configuration similar to the FET of the switching mechanism 204.
In the example of FIG. 5, the reference FET 504 is smaller than the switching mechanism 204. This ratio can be relative to the FET of the reference FET 504 and the switching mechanism 204. Face to reality. For example, the switching mechanism 204 FET has a relative ratio of one of the ratios of the reference FETs 504 that are "N" times. This "N" value can represent the relative amount of the gate length of the respective FET. The relative current densities of the FETs of reference FET 504 and switching mechanism 204 are similar by using the matched FETs in this example. However, a smaller ratio of reference FET 504 results in a current passing through reference FET 504 that is significantly less than the current delivered through switching mechanism 204.
In FIG. 5, the gate of reference FET 504 is coupled to the gate of the FET of switching mechanism 204. In this manner, the gate potentials of reference FET 504 and switching mechanism 204 are the same, and the similar channel structure of reference FET 504 and switching mechanism 204 FET allows the resistance of the respective FETs to track each other throughout temperature changes and fabrication procedures.
In FIG. 5, the current monitoring mechanism further includes an FET 508. An amplifier 512, such as an operational amplifier, has an output coupled to one of the gates of FET 508. The FET 508 is coupled to cooperate with the amplifier 512 to maintain the voltage across the source and drain of the reference FET 504 the same as the source and drain of the FET across the switching mechanism 204. In particular, the amplifier 512 has an input coupled to one of the nodes between the reference FET 504 and the FET 508. The amplifier 512 has a second input coupled to one of the output voltages Vout indicative of a voltage at a node between the switching mechanism 204 and a powered device 108. The output of amplifier 512 is coupled to the gate of FET 508 to drive the gate voltage of FET 508. The reference FET 504 has an input coupled to one of the input voltages Vin representing one of the voltages between the power supply 104 and the switching mechanism 204. The amplifier 512 cooperates with the FET 508 to drive the input of the reference FET 504 Exit to the output voltage Vout. By switching the voltage across the source and drain of the reference FET 504 to the same voltage as the source and drain of the FET across the switching mechanism 204, and the reference FET 504 is known to have a ratio of x1 and the switching mechanism 204 has a ratio of xN, and the current supplied through reference FET 504 and output at 埠 516 typically has the same ratio of 1/N as the current reporting signal. That is, the current report signal output at 埠 516 will generally be proportional to one of the output currents Iout provided by the pass switching mechanism 204 divided by the proportional ratio N.
Returning to Figures 4A and 4B, this proportional current provided as a current reporting signal can be used by controller 404 or controller 454 to determine whether to switch off switching mechanism 204 via driver 408. That is, in an example, a threshold can be set such that when the proportional current output from 埠 516 of FIG. 5 meets or exceeds the threshold, the controller 404 or 454 is triggered to cause the switching mechanism 204 to close. Broken. This comparison can be performed on a proportional output current or a processed version of one of the output currents. In some examples, the output current from 埠 516 can be mirrored, scaled, or otherwise processed and then provided to a current comparator for comparison with a threshold current.
In FIG. 4A, the inclusion of controller 404 can be implemented in a wafer having a size that is significantly smaller than, for example, the embodiment of one of the external sensing resistors for current monitoring shown in system 200 of FIG. The current monitoring mechanism 412 and the integrated protection and monitor device 400 of the switching mechanism 204 and the driver 408. Thus, in some embodiments, the use of the integrated unit 400 can result in significant savings in wafer area.
Various components can be configured to receive and process report letters as disclosed herein number. Further processing of such reporting signals may provide additional control and operation of the systems described herein as well as further systems and components. 6A-6F are simplified diagrams of components for processing and using report signals in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, the various components and switching mechanisms of Figures 6A-6F can be integrated on a wafer. In some embodiments, one or more of such components may be integrated into, for example, a flip-chip form of controller unit as described in more detail below, which may be integrated with a switching mechanism.
For example, FIG. 6A shows microcontroller 604 coupled to sense, for example, one of the current reporting signals received from current monitoring mechanism 458 of FIG. 4B. For example, microcontroller 604 of FIG. 6A can function as at least one component of controller 454 of FIG. 4B. The microcontroller 604 of Figure 6A is configured to output a control signal based on the received report signal. In this example, the reporting signal can be an analog current signal, an analog voltage signal, and a digital signal or other form of communication. When the reporting signal is an analog signal, the microcontroller 604 can incorporate an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter at the input that receives the reporting signal. Control signals output from microcontroller 604 can be provided to the switching mechanism as well as various other devices, mechanisms, and components in a larger system. In this manner, for example, when the input report signal indicates that a system fault condition has occurred, the microcontroller 604 is configured to cause the switching mechanism to transition to the off state and communicate this condition to further devices, mechanisms, and components via control signals. . For example, the control signal can indicate that such additional devices, mechanisms, and configurations are turned off to prevent further damage or overheating of system components.
In FIG. 6B, another further component that can be coupled to receive the report signal is a comparator 608. In this example, comparator 608 has a coupling to sense A first input of the test report signal and a second input coupled to a reference value. For example, when the report signal is in the form of an analog current, the reference value can be in the form of a reference current. In FIG. 6B, the comparator 608 is configured to compare the report signal to the reference value and output a control signal (eg,) based on the comparison to cause the switching mechanism to turn off. This control signal can be used in a similar manner for similar purposes as described above with reference to microcontroller 604. Moreover, in Figure 6B, the control signal can be delivered to an additional processing unit that includes a further microcontroller. These processing units can be coupled to control various additional devices, mechanisms, and components in an electronic system or device.
Additional capabilities can be expected, such as voltage mode current reporting. For example, a current signal can be delivered to a resistor to generate a voltage; therefore, the voltage can be scaled to a useful level. This resistor can be internal or external. In some embodiments, this voltage can be provided to an analog buffer or amplifier. For example, Figure 6C shows resistor 612 coupled to receive a report signal. For example, resistor 612 can be used to report that the signal is in the form of an analog current. In this case, resistor 612 will generate a voltage V across the resistor in response to the analog current. This voltage V can be compared to a specified threshold (such as a reference voltage) to further control the dimensions as described above with reference to Figures 6A and 6B. The resistor 612 has an input terminal 612a coupled to receive a report signal and coupled to ground in this example or to a different voltage reference output terminal 612b in other examples.
In another example, FIG. 6D shows one of filters 616 coupled to sense a report signal. The filter 616 is configured to determine a difference in the report signal and output a control signal based on the determined difference. For example, a filter 616 can be configured to provide analog filtering, wherein the report signal indicates that one of the sharp load spikes will generate a control signal to cause a first action or event to occur, wherein one of the currents indicated by the report signal is slower or Increasing or decreasing will result in a control signal associated with a second event or action output by filter 616.
In FIG. 6E, in another example, a power sensor 620 has a first input coupled to receive a report signal and coupled to sense a voltage (such as Vout of FIG. 5) (ie, a switching mechanism) A second input of one of the voltages at 204 at a node between the powered device 108. In this example, the power sensor 620 is configured to determine a power signal based on the report signal and the output voltage and to output a control signal based on the determined power signal. For example, power sensor 620 can be configured to multiply a current value represented by the report signal by the Vout voltage and output the power calculation as a power signal. The resulting power signal can be used by the controller to, for example, turn off the switching mechanism when determining that the sensed power represented by the power signal meets or exceeds a specified threshold, as described in more detail below. The control signal can include, for example, digital form information indicating that certain devices or components of the system can be powered down when the calculated power signal exceeds a certain level. In this example of FIG. 6E, both the control signal and the power signal generated by the power sensor 620 are provided at a separate output port for further processing.
In FIG. 6F, in another example, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 624 is coupled to sense a signal in one of the analog forms. The A/D converter 624 is configured to convert such a ratio report signal into a digital output signal for further processing. For example, the digital output signal can be provided to one A one-step processor, such as microcontroller 604 of Figure 6A, performs further decisions.
Any of the various components illustrated in Figures 6A-6F can be integrated with the various other components described above, including the monitoring mechanisms, controllers, and/or switching mechanisms of Figures 1-5. In some embodiments, the components of Figures 6A-6F are not integrated with such other components and implemented in separate units or wafers in a system. The integration or non-integration of the components of Figures 6A-6F will depend on the desired implementation of the various devices and systems that may include such components.
7 is a simplified flow diagram of one of the procedures 700 for current monitoring and reporting associated with a protection and monitor device in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 7, the routine 700 begins at block 704 where one or more monitoring mechanisms (such as a current monitoring mechanism) as described above sense an electrical characteristic (such as along a power supply and a device) The current between a current path). The process 700 proceeds from block 704 to simultaneously processing blocks 708 and 712. In block 708, a hardware (such as a comparator in the controller) is configured to check the current path provided between the power supply and the device by comparing the sensed current to a reference current. Whether the current has an overcurrent event. In conjunction with this check, the controller's current monitoring mechanism is configured to output a current report signal in block 712 in response to the sensed current in block 704. As described above, this current report signal indicates the sensed current and can be provided to various components for additional determination and operation. For example, as described above with respect to FIG. 6, the current report signal can be provided to a microcontroller 604, and the microcontroller can generate a suitable control signal in block 716 to cause the switching mechanism to turn off.
In FIG. 7, when a current monitoring mechanism checks an overcurrent event in block 708 while providing a current reporting signal in block 712, the controller can individually determine whether to cause the switching mechanism in response to the sensed current. Shut down. Moreover, while monitoring in block 708 and providing a current reporting signal in block 712, the controller can also provide additional services, such as temperature sensing, as disclosed herein. For example, the controller can be coupled to a temperature sensor as described above to determine if the temperature of the switching mechanism has exceeded a specified threshold indicative of an overheating event, the controller can cause the switching in an overheating condition The organization is shut down. Achieving this temperature threshold may also indicate that excess power is dissipated.
8A is a simplified flow diagram of one of the programs 800 for integrated protection, monitoring, and control based on power measurement, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, simultaneous reporting of signals may be omitted, and in some other embodiments, signals may be reported simultaneously.
In FIG. 8A, routine 800 begins in block 804 where a voltage and a current are sensed/determined as described above. For example, in Figure 3B, Vout and Iout can be sensed as described above. Alternatively, the sensed current may be a scaled version of one of Iout as described above with respect to FIG.
In FIG. 8A, routine 800 proceeds from block 804 to block 808 to calculate the power Pout at block 808 based on the sensed voltage and current. For example, Pout can be determined by power measurement mechanism 370 of FIG. 3B. In another example, the Pout calculation can be based on a current report signal and a sensed voltage Vout by the power sensor 620 of FIG. 6E, wherein the determined Pout value is output in the form of a power signal. In block 812, the calculated Pout is compared With a specified threshold. When Pout does not meet or exceed the threshold, routine 800 returns to block 804. When Pout meets or exceeds the threshold, routine 800 proceeds to block 816 where an integrated protection and monitor component (such as device 112 of FIG. 1A) can disconnect components 102 and 106 from each other. For example, controller 358 of FIG. 3B can be instructed to turn off switching mechanism 204 by outputting a control signal from power sensor 620 in FIG. 6E.
Although FIG. 8A has been described and illustrated as a sequence of processing blocks, those skilled in the art will appreciate that such blocks are often performed simultaneously. For example, in some embodiments, the voltage may be continuously or repeatedly sensed in block 804 over time without waiting for other operations to be performed, such as power calculations and comparisons in blocks 808 and 812. Current. Because the voltages and/or currents can be continuously sensed in block 804, the determinations in block 808 and the blocks in block 812 can be performed continuously or repeatedly at the same time and concurrently with continuous sensing in block 804. Comparison of operations.
8B is a simplified flow diagram of one of the programs 850 for integrated protection, monitoring, and control based on voltage measurement and current measurement in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 8B, routine 850 begins at block 854 where a voltage (such as Vin or Vout) and a current (such as Iout) as sensed herein are sensed/determined as described herein.
In Figure 8B, routine 850 proceeds from block 854 to block 858 where a reference current I ref is set such that I ref * (input or output voltage level) = one of the systems (specifically, powered components) Power level. For example, if the desired power level is 240 VA and Vin or Vout is changed, then I ref can be changed to maintain the 240 VA power level. In block 862, the sensed current of block 854 is compared to I ref . In block 866, the routine 850 returns to block 854 when the sensed current does not meet or exceed I ref . When the sensed current meets or exceeds I ref , routine 850 proceeds to block 874 where the switching mechanism is turned off as explained in the various embodiments above.
As with Figure 8A, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the processing blocks of Figure 8B are often performed simultaneously. In some embodiments, the sense voltage is continuously or repeatedly repeated in block 854 over time without waiting for other operations to be performed, such as setting a reference current in block 858 and comparing the current in block 862. / or current. The operations including the settings in block 858 and the comparison in block 862 may be performed continuously or repeatedly while being concurrent with each other and with continuous sensing in block 854.
Depending on the desired implementation, the various devices, devices, circuits, components, mechanisms, and/or units described herein can be fabricated such that they share the same substrate (eg, on the same die or wafer). In an alternate embodiment, such devices, devices, circuits, components, mechanisms, and/or units can be fabricated on different substrates (eg, on different wafers). In various embodiments, such devices, devices, circuits, components, mechanisms, and/or units can be disposed in the same or different packages. For example, in FIG. 4A, an integrated controller 404 and switching mechanism 204 fabricated on a first die can be interconnected with a power supply as described above and disposed in the same package. In some embodiments, various additional electronic components (such as those depicted in Figures 6A-6F) can be integrated (produced) on the same die as current monitoring mechanism 412 and switching mechanism 204. In another example, one of the controllers shown in Figures 2 through 4 can be implemented as other devices in the embodiments described herein. A discrete controller that separates components, circuits, switches, mechanisms, and components.
In some embodiments, various devices, devices, circuits, components, mechanisms, switching mechanisms (such as a load switch) and/or units can be integrated and packaged as a flip chip circuit (IC). The flip chip IC can incorporate other integrated circuits and/or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices and circuits, depending on the desired implementation. The flip chip IC can be connected to external circuitry and/or other wafers or wafers having solder bumps deposited onto the flip chip contact pads.
Depending on the particular implementation, the response to possible system failure conditions can be changed. For example, in some embodiments, once an overcurrent event, an overvoltage event, an overpower event, and/or an over temperature event is detected by one or more monitoring mechanisms, a controller turns off the switching mechanism. In some embodiments, one of the output signals is output from a monitoring mechanism, for example, by a filter process. Such a filter can be coupled to receive the report signal (such as a current report signal) and filter the report signal prior to delivery to the controller. In other embodiments, the filter is incorporated in the controller. The controller determines whether the shutdown switching mechanism can be based on the controller performing various electrical operations (including but not limited to filtering) on the reporting signal. For example, when first detecting an overcurrent event indicating a possible overload condition, the controller can be programmed to wait and check for a certain delay period (eg, about a few microseconds or milliseconds) to see if it still exists. Current event. In some embodiments, there may be two or more specified thresholds that are met before the controller determines that a system fault condition is present and the switching mechanism is turned off. For example, when the monitored electrical characteristics (eg, voltage, current, and/or power) meet or exceed a first threshold but do not meet or exceed a second At the threshold, the controller can be configured to generate a warning signal without shutting down the switching mechanism. In this example, the controller does not turn off the switching mechanism until the magnitude of the monitored electrical characteristic exceeds both the first threshold and the second threshold.
In some embodiments, one of the integrated protection and monitor components (IPAMD) monitoring mechanisms, as described herein, actively monitors electrical characteristics (such as continuous delivery from a switching mechanism to a load (such as component 388 in FIG. 3D). ) voltage, current and/or power) (included during startup and/or reset IPAMD). For example, if the power delivered at any time meets or exceeds a first threshold (such as 240 VA), the controller of the IPAMD initiates a fault timer with a user programmable timeout. For example, the IPAMD can be configured to have more than one selectable timeout period. An external resistor can be coupled to one of the wafers that implements the IPAMD to program the timeout period. In some embodiments, if the power drawn by the load exceeds the first threshold over the entire timeout period, the amount of power drawn is less than a second threshold (which may be similar to a programmable Setting), the switching mechanism is turned off at the end of the timeout period. If the overpower event is terminated before terminating the timeout period, the timer will be reset and the controller will not respond to the overpower event to turn off the switching mechanism. In some examples, the switching mechanism will not be turned off unless the voltage, current, and/or power drawn by the load at some point during the timeout period exceeds both the first threshold and the second threshold. In some examples, the shutdown occurs in response to the voltage, current, and/or power drawn over the entire timeout period exceeding two thresholds or exceeding some of the specified fractions. In some other embodiments, both the first threshold and the second threshold are exceeded The switch mechanism is turned off, regardless of the arbitrary timeout period. As described above, reporting a signal from one of the IPAMD outputs may indicate whether the first threshold and/or the second threshold have been met or exceeded at any given time.
In some embodiments, the IPAMD can be configured to provide a number of moderate timeout periods that are stylized by an external resistor. For example, if the load current in the path of the switching mechanism exceeds a first threshold within the entire timeout period, but the load current magnitude is less than a second threshold, then one of the timeout periods is selected The switching mechanism is turned off at the end, and the current reporting signal will indicate a modest fault condition. The first threshold and/or the second threshold can be externally programmed via a resistor connected to one of the pins on the wafer having IPAMD. In some embodiments, the control current assists in operating the threshold adjustment as further described herein. For example, the current threshold can be changed during operation of the IPAMD.
Some embodiments of the IPAMD and procedures disclosed herein may incorporate various additional services, including self-diagnosis and thermal device protection during startup. Using a self-diagnostic program, IPAMD attempts to determine if the switching mechanism is shorted or has failed. For example, in Figure 5, the circuits can be combined to check Vin and Vout at startup. During startup, if it is proposed to turn off the switching mechanism and have a significant voltage Vout, the self-diagnostic program can determine that there is a switching mechanism shorted or other fault. In some embodiments, a self-diagnostic program can be executed each time the IPAMD is restarted.
In some embodiments, one of the startup procedures for IPAMD is provided. Figure 8C is a simplified flow diagram of one of the startup procedures 875 for an IPAMD in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. In an example, IPAMD can be grouped State initiates a start sequence only when certain previous conditions are met. For example, in block 876, it is determined whether a bias power supply voltage (such as 3.3 volts) on one of the pins of the merged IPAMD chip is above a bias undervoltage lockout level (UVLO). For example, the bias power supply voltage can be delivered to the wafer for powering to an internal control circuit, such as one of the IPAMD controllers and/or monitoring mechanisms. Another condition that can be checked in block 876 is whether an input voltage (Vin) (such as 12 volts) from a first component (such as one of the power supplies 104 of FIG. 1B) to an IPAMD is higher than an input voltage. UVLO. In this example, in block 876, the IPAMD proceeds to block 880 only when the bias voltage and input voltage are greater than the respective UVLO. Otherwise, block 876 is repeated. In some other examples, proceeding to program 876 to block 880 requires only one of the conditions of block 876 to be satisfied.
The IPAMD can be configured to perform one or more inspection operations in block 880 to ensure that there are no faults. Inspection of block 880 may include, for example, detecting possible shorts across the switching mechanism and detecting possible leakage across a capacitor containing a soft-start capacitor. In one example, if one of the switching mechanisms passes the FET short circuit, one of the nodes at the output of the IPAMD may not be discharged when Vin is supplied. In this example, in block 882, if one or more of the inspections of block 880 fail (eg, there is a short across the switching mechanism and/or the soft-start capacitor is not discharging), then routine 875 is in block 883. termination.
In Figure 8C, one way to detect a switching mechanism short in block 880 is to discharge any charge at the output of the IPAMD (i.e., at a node between the IPAMD output and a powered component). In some embodiments, the IPAMD will remain discharged for a specified period of time. In some In an embodiment, in block 880, the IPAMD can check for possible shorts across the switching mechanism by determining if the IPAMD output voltage Vout is below an internally defined reference voltage on the wafer (such as 8 volts). Vout refers to the voltage at a node between the IPAMD and a powered component, such as device 108 of Figure 1B. If Vout is not lower than the reference value, a potential switching mechanism will be temporarily shorted, and the current reporting signal will indicate an overload condition. The overload condition can be latched and maintained until the IPAMD is restarted. Returning to block 882, if a potential switching mechanism short circuit or other fault is not detected, power is typically supplied to IPAMD in block 890.
For example, the switching mechanism short circuit test of block 880 can be deactivated or enabled by providing an appropriate input to one of the control pins on the wafer. In some embodiments, the discharge of the soft-start capacitor can be performed during each restart. The IPAMD can be integrated with additional circuitry to discharge a discharge capacitor connected between the switching mechanism and ground to provide a repeatable soft start waveform. In some embodiments, the IPAMD uses an integrated resistive element to discharge the discharge capacitor during each restart. Once the initial restart, the IPAMD will start a timer and discharge for a period of time. At the end of this time period, the IPAMD will check if the voltage across the discharge capacitor is below a soft start threshold (such as 0.4 volts). If this condition is met, the IPAMD will be ready to start. If the voltage across the discharge capacitor is not below the soft start threshold, the IPAMD can turn off the switching mechanism and report an overload condition with the current report signal.
In some embodiments, the checking operation of block 880 described above is performed during each restart. This check ensures proper IC before starting configuration. During each restart, after the bias voltage is active, the IPAMD will check for other fault conditions as described above. If a fault is identified, the IPAMD will report the fault using a current report signal. The fault condition will be latched until restarted.
Returning to block 876, in some embodiments, the IPAMD is initiated when a different set of conditions are met: the bias voltage, the input voltage, and the soft-start capacitor voltage are higher than the respective UVLO; as described above with reference to Figure 3C The /off switch is receiving an appropriate enable signal; and other startup check operations as described herein are completed without detecting an overload condition.
Figure 9 shows a circuit 900 that can be used in some embodiments to drive a switching mechanism. As shown in Figures 1A and 1B, the circuit can be incorporated into an integrated protection and monitor device. For example, the circuit of Figure 9 can be included in one of the controllers shown in Figure 3A or Figure 3B.
Figure 9 shows the coupling circuit to provide the Vin (as in this example + 12V), one power supply and one of the voltage (represented by one having a capacitance C of the capacitor 901) between a device powered by a N An example of one of the switching mechanisms 204 in the form of a channel MOSFET. As shown in FIG. 9, a current source 902 is provided and coupled between 1 microamperes and 20 microamperes in this example, and a charge pump 903 has a coupling to receive one of Vin inputs and coupled to one One of the clamp circuits 904 outputs. Depending on the desired implementation, the charge pump 903 can be configured to be powered by any of a variety of supply voltages. The clamp circuit 904 at the output of the charge pump 903 is configured to clamp a charge pump input voltage below a specified value, which can be set to achieve long term reliability of the circuit. The clamp circuit 904 has one of the gates of the MOSFET coupled to the switching mechanism 204. A shunt regulator 906 can be coupled in parallel with capacitor 901. The shunt regulator 906 is coupled to regulate the voltage of the gate of the MOSFET that drives the switching mechanism 204. A switching switch 908 is operatively coupled to turn the MOSFET of the mechanism 204 on or off. That is, when the MOSFET is turned off, the switch 908 connects the gate of the MOSFET to its source. The MOSFET can be turned on by connecting the gate of the MOSFET to the shunt regulator 906. The shunt regulator 906 can be programmed and tailored to maximize the performance of the switching mechanism 204.
An alternative circuit embodiment of Figure 9 is shown in Figure 10. In one embodiment, a Css capacitor 1004 is charged during startup using a constant current source 1008 that provides a current Iss. In this example, the voltage at a soft start (SS) node 1012 will rise linearly in the relationship of Equation 1 until the gate source voltage of the FET of switching mechanism 204 reaches a voltage V.
In this example, the FET depicted by switching mechanism 204 is a pass FET. The transfer FET operates as a source follower during startup. As a result, the voltage Vout at the output node 1020 of the integrated protection and monitor device will follow the linear and monotonic voltage ramps generated on the SS node 1012. Therefore, Equation 1 can be used to calculate a soft start time (Tss).
For Css values greater than a certain capacitance, Tss is mainly defined by the value of Css and the gate charging current Iss. In this example, Equation 1 is rearranged and the last gate source voltage is replaced with 12V, and Equation 2 is obtained for Tss.
If the load at node 1020 is primarily the bulk capacitance Cout 1016 at startup, then Vout at node 1020 will essentially rise as the voltage of Css rises. As mentioned earlier, the pass FET is operated as a voltage follower during startup; therefore, its gate source voltage is essentially constant during startup, resulting in an approximately constant Cout charge current. The magnitude of this current can be calculated as follows:
From Equation 3, it can be seen that the increasing Tss causes the Cout charging current to decrease. To achieve a successful start, the Css value is preferably chosen in such a way that 12 V x I IN does not exceed the 240 VA protection threshold. Combining Equation 2 with Equation 3, a relationship between Css and Cout can be derived for a successful start.
If both the capacitive load component and the resistive load component are present on the 12 V output, Equation 5 (modified Equation 3) can be used to calculate the magnitude of the Cout charge current.
Combining Equation 2 with Equation 5, a relationship between Css and Cout can be derived for a successful start (in the case where both the capacitive load component and the resistive load component are present on the 12 V output) (see equation) 6).
To achieve reliable low loss operation of the pass FET, the integrated protection and monitor device monitors the value of the gate source voltage of the pass FET. For example, the gate source voltage UVLO can be enabled for approximately 400 milliseconds. This has an upper limit on Css and Tss.
If the pass FET gate source voltage cannot be higher than the gate source voltage UVLO threshold during startup or at any time thereafter below the gate source voltage UVLO threshold, the integrated protection and monitor device can Ascertaining this severe fault, the transfer FET is latched off and a system fault condition is reported. This latched fault condition can be maintained until restarted.
Current limiting can be achieved using circuit 1100 of FIG. In Figure 11, circuit 1100 represents an example of an integrated protection and monitor component having one of the current monitoring mechanisms that provide overcurrent sensing and current reporting. In this example, voltage Vin is supplied to the integrated protection and monitor device from a first component, such as a power source, and voltage Vout is provided from the integrated protection and monitor device to a second component (eg, A powered device). In this example, the circuit 1100 includes a switching mechanism 1104 in the form of an N-MOSFET and a reference N-MOSFET 1108 (which is a proportional version of the N-MOSFET of the switching mechanism 1104) as generally explained above with reference to FIG. The circuit 1100 is configured to turn the switching FET 1104 on or off to selectively allow current to pass between the first component and the second component, as generally described above. In this example, the configuration drives the current densities of both the switching FET 1104 and the reference FET 1108 to be substantially equal. In Figure 11, the gates of the respective FETs 1104 and 1108 are coupled to each other, as are the drains of the respective FETs 1104 and 1108. An amplifier 1110 has one of the sources coupled to the switching FET 1104 A first input 1113, a second input 1114 coupled to one of the sources of the reference FET 1108, and a current mirror one output 1115 coupled to one of the more detailed descriptions below. This configuration of the amplifier 1110 in combination with the current source 1116 is such that the voltages at the sources of both the switching FET 1104 and the reference FET 1108 are equal.
In Fig. 11, a specified voltage threshold is implemented in the form of an adjustable reference current 1112 "I current limit ". In other embodiments, the specified current threshold is a set reference current. In some embodiments (such as the example of FIG. 11), the reference current 1112 is scaled to maintain a power that is substantially close to one of the power limit thresholds that is undesirable. For example, the reference current 1112 can fluctuate in response to a change in the input or output voltage level such that I current limit * (Vin or Vout) = the desired power level of one of the powered components at the Vout node. For example, if the desired power level is 240 VA and Vin or Vout is changed, the current threshold can be changed to maintain the 240 VA power level.
In FIG. 11, the current supplied by the source of the reference FET 1108 switches the proportionality of the current supplied at the source of the FET 1104, and uses a current source 1116 and a current source 1120 in this example. A simplified representation of one of the current mirroring mechanisms is mirrored. That is, the source current of the reference FET 1108 is mirrored using a current mirroring mechanism and provided to node 1124 and compared to reference current 1112. In one embodiment, the reference current 1112 is configured to provide a current value corresponding to a power threshold of one of the Vout shutdown switching mechanisms measured at a given time. This can be done using different technologies. In one example of a technique, a power threshold Plimit can be set to 240 VA, and known integrated reporting and monitor components will operate at approximately 12 V. Thus, in this example, a nominal voltage V NOM is 12 V. A current I NOM is (P limit /V NOM )×(1/N), where N is the switching mechanism FET to reference FET ratio. (V NOM /Vout) × I NOM = I current limit , where I current limit is therefore the current indicating the power level at which the switching mechanism is desired to be turned off. In an example of a second technique, an approximation is used to calculate I current limit . In particular, I current limit = I NOM - K × (Vout - V NOM ), which is relatively accurate when Vout is close to V NOM . The constant K can be set based on the calibration of the circuit, and K x (Vout - V NOM ) is a correction term that is proportional to the difference between Vout and V NOM . This second technique can be used in embodiments where it is desirable to subtract two signals instead of dividing them (eg, using the first technique).
In FIG. 11, when the mirror current provided by current source 1120 meets or exceeds reference current 1112 (both provided to node 1124), one of comparators 1128 having one of the inputs coupled to node 1124 outputs an indication node 1132. One of the overload conditions is a current reporting signal. In some alternative embodiments, the reference current 1112 and the mirror current from current source 1120 can be individually provided to respective resistors to produce a corresponding voltage. The outputs of the respective resistors can be coupled to a voltage comparator so that the voltages can be compared to determine if an overload condition has occurred. In various embodiments, overload conditions can be communicated to other devices and circuits (such as controller 404 of FIG. 4A) to cause the switching mechanism to turn off. By the same token, controller 404 can cause the switching mechanism to turn "on" when the reporting signal at node 1132 indicates that there is no more overload condition. Any of the various switching mechanism embodiments described herein can be controlled in such a manner.
Although the subject matter of the invention has been specified with reference to a particular embodiment of the invention The form and details of the disclosed embodiments may be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Of course, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments depicted. In addition, although the various advantages and aspects of the subject matter of the present invention have been discussed herein with reference to the various embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the invention should not be limited. To be precise, the scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the scope of the accompanying claims.
102‧‧‧First component
106‧‧‧second component
108‧‧‧Devices
112‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts
114‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor components/integrated devices
116‧‧‧ Output埠
204‧‧‧Switching mechanism / load switch
204a‧‧‧Reverse current transistor / back to back switch
204b‧‧‧Forward current transistor / back to back switch
208‧‧‧ controller
212‧‧‧Control output
216a‧‧‧current sensing input
216b‧‧‧current sensing input
220‧‧‧Sensor Resistors
224‧‧‧current report output埠
302‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts
306‧‧‧First current sensing input
307‧‧‧Second current sensing input
308‧‧‧ Current report output埠
309‧‧‧Temperature Sensing Input
312‧‧‧ Temperature Sensor
316‧‧‧ Output埠
320‧‧‧Power supply
324‧‧‧Power supply
328‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts
332‧‧‧Power supply
336‧‧‧Integrated protection and surveillance
340‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts
350‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts
358‧‧‧ Controller
366‧‧‧ drive
370‧‧‧Power measurement mechanism
372‧‧‧ Output埠
378‧‧‧Voltage sensing input
380‧‧‧ system
384‧‧‧Component A
388‧‧‧Component B
390‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts
392‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts
393‧‧‧ switch
394‧‧‧ Controller
396a‧‧‧ output
396b‧‧‧ output
397a‧‧‧first sensing input
397b‧‧‧Second Sensing Input
398‧‧‧current, voltage, power and temperature monitoring agencies
400‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts/integrated unit
404‧‧‧ Controller
408‧‧‧ drive
412‧‧‧ Current monitoring agency
414a‧‧‧First Input/Current Sensing Input
414b‧‧‧second input
450‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts
454‧‧‧ Controller
458‧‧‧current monitor parts
460‧‧‧ input
500‧‧‧ Current monitoring and reporting device
504‧‧‧Reference field effect transistor
508‧‧ ‧ field effect transistor
512‧‧Amplifier
516‧‧‧埠
604‧‧‧Microcontroller
608‧‧‧ comparator
612‧‧‧Resistors
612a‧‧‧Input terminal
612b‧‧‧Output terminal
616‧‧‧ filter
620‧‧‧Power Sensor
624‧‧‧ Analog to Digital (A/D) Converter
901‧‧‧ capacitor
902‧‧‧current source
903‧‧‧Charge pump
904‧‧‧Clamp circuit
906‧‧ ‧ shunt regulator
1000‧‧‧ Circuit
1004‧‧‧ capacitor
1008‧‧‧current source
1012‧‧‧ nodes
1016‧‧‧ overall capacitance
1020‧‧‧ nodes
1100‧‧‧ Circuitry
1104‧‧‧Switching mechanism / switching field effect transistor
1108‧‧‧Reference N-MOSFET/Reference FET
1110‧‧‧Amplifier
1112‧‧‧Reference circuit
1113‧‧‧ first input
1114‧‧‧ second input
1115‧‧‧ output
1116‧‧‧current source
1120‧‧‧current source
1124‧‧‧ nodes
1128‧‧‧ comparator
1132‧‧‧ nodes
Iout‧‧‧ forward current
Irev‧‧‧reverse current
Iss‧‧‧ Current
1A is a simplified diagram of one of the components of a system 100 incorporating an integrated protection and monitor assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
1B is a simplified diagram of one of the components of one of the systems 150 for integrated monitoring and reporting of current monitoring and reporting in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
2 is a simplified diagram of one of the components of a system for monitoring and monitoring a device and current monitoring and reporting using a sensing resistor in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
3A is a simplified diagram of one of the components of an integrated protection and monitor device and integrated current monitoring and temperature sensing system 300 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
3B is a simplified diagram of one of the components of an integrated protection and monitor component 350 based on power measurement for switching control in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
3C is a simplified diagram of one of the components of a system 380 incorporating an integrated protection and monitor device in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
3D is a simplified diagram of one of the components of a system incorporating one of the integrated protection and monitor components 390 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
3E is a simplified diagram of one of the components of a redundant system having redundant common power sources in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
4A is a simplified diagram of one of the components of an integrated protection and monitor component 400 for current monitoring and reporting in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
4B is a simplified diagram of one component of an integrated protection and monitor component 450 for current monitoring integrated with a switching mechanism in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
5 is a simplified diagram of one component of a current monitoring and reporting device 500 having a current mirroring mechanism in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
6A-6F are simplified diagrams of one of the components for processing and using a report signal in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
7 is a simplified flow diagram of one of the procedures 700 for current monitoring and reporting associated with a protection and monitor device in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
8A is a simplified flow diagram of one of the programs 800 for integrated protection, monitoring, and control based on power measurements in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
8B is a simplified flow diagram of one of the programs 850 for integrated protection, monitoring, and control based on voltage and current measurements in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 8C is a simplified flow diagram of one of the startup programs 875 for an integrated protection and monitor device in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
9 is a simplified diagram of a circuit 900 for driving a switching mechanism in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a simplified diagram of a circuit 1000 for driving a switching mechanism in accordance with one or more further embodiments of the present invention.
11 is a simplified diagram of a circuit 1100 for performing a current limit in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
204‧‧‧Switching mechanism
400‧‧‧Integrated protection and monitor parts
A system for monitoring electrical characteristics, comprising: a power supply; a device; a switching mechanism coupled between the power supply and the device, the switching mechanism configured to have the power supply system Coupled to an open state of the device or the power supply is decoupled from the device in a closed state that allows current to be transferred from the power supply to the device along a current path; and a monitoring mechanism Having one or more sense inputs coupled to sense an electrical characteristic at the current path, the one or more sense inputs configured to respond to the sensed electrical Providing a report signal at the report output, the report signal indicating the sensed electrical characteristic, integrating the monitoring mechanism and the switching mechanism on a wafer, the monitoring mechanism comprising a reference transistor, the reference transistor Matching a transistor of the switching mechanism, the reference transistor is configured to cause the monitoring mechanism to output the reporting signal with reference to the sensed electrical characteristic.
In the system of claim 1, the electrical characteristic is a current, a voltage, or a power.
In the system of claim 1, the monitoring mechanism is coupled to provide the reporting signal to a controller operatively coupled to cause the switching mechanism to have the open state or the closed state, the controller being operated Coupling in response to the sensed electrical characteristic meeting or exceeding A reference signal is provided responsive to the sensed electrical characteristic and one of the thresholds is specified to cause the switching mechanism to have the closed state, the reference signal being a current signal.
In the system of claim 1, the one or more sensing inputs of the monitoring mechanism include a first sensing input coupled between the power supply and the switching mechanism, and coupled to the switching mechanism and the device A second sensing input between.
The system of claim 1, further comprising: a sense resistor coupled to the current path, the one or more sense inputs of the monitoring mechanism comprising a first terminal coupled to the sense resistor And a first input and a second input coupled to one of the second terminals of the sensing resistor, the sensing resistor being coupled between the power supply and the switching mechanism.
The system of claim 1, further comprising: a controller having a temperature sensing input coupled to sense a temperature, the controller being operatively coupled to cause a response to the sensed temperature The switching mechanism has the closed state.
In the system of claim 1, the power supply is a battery, an AC to DC converter, or a DC to DC converter.
A device for monitoring electrical characteristics, comprising: a switching mechanism configured to have an open state or a closed state, the open state permitting current to flow along a current path; and a monitoring mechanism having a Or a plurality of sensing inputs and a report output, the one or more sensing inputs being coupled to sense the current path An electrical characteristic, the monitoring mechanism configured to provide a report signal at the report output in response to the sensed electrical characteristic, the report signal indicating the sensed electrical characteristic, integrating the monitoring on a wafer And a switching mechanism comprising a reference transistor, the reference transistor matching a transistor of the switching mechanism, the reference transistor being configured to cause the monitoring mechanism to reference the sensed electrical characteristic And the report signal is output.
The device of claim 8 wherein the report signal indicates a current value, a voltage value, or a power value.
A device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising: a microcontroller coupled to sense the report signal, the microcontroller being configured to output a control signal based on the report signal.
The device of claim 8, further comprising: a comparator coupled to sense the report signal, the comparator configured to compare the report signal with a reference value and responsive to the report signal and the reference value A comparison is made to output a control signal.
The device of claim 8, further comprising: a resistor coupled to receive the report signal, an analog or digital filter coupled to sense the report signal, the filter configured to filter the Reporting a signal and outputting a control signal based on the filtered signal, or an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter coupled to sense the report signal, the A/D converter being configured to report the report The signal is converted into a digital output signal.
The device of claim 8, further comprising: a power sensor having a first input coupled to sense the report signal and coupled to sense that the switching mechanism is coupled to a node of a component a second input of an output voltage, the power sensor configured to determine a power signal based on the report signal and the output voltage and to output a control signal based on the determined power signal.
The device of claim 8, further comprising: a driver coupled between a controller and the switching mechanism, the driver being operatively coupled to cause the switching mechanism to have the open state or the closed state.
The device of claim 8, the current monitoring mechanism comprising: the reference transistor having a proportional ratio with respect to the switching mechanism transistor, the report signal indicating that one of the proportional ratios relative to the sensed electrical characteristic is pressed The electrical characteristics of the proportional adjustment.
The device of claim 8 further comprising: a controller operatively coupled to cause the switching mechanism to have the closed state in response to the scaled electrical characteristic; and a temperature sensor Configuring to sense a temperature, the controller has a temperature sensing input coupled to the temperature sensor, integrating or integrating the temperature sensor with the switching mechanism.
The device of claim 8 wherein the switching mechanism comprises a field effect transistor (FET) or a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).
For the device of claim 8, the switching mechanism is a load switch, "Or" an operation switch, a circuit breaker, a fuse, and a hot-swap switch.
A program for monitoring electrical characteristics, comprising: sensing an electrical characteristic at a current path between a power supply and a device at a monitoring mechanism, a switching mechanism coupled to the power supply and the device Between the switching mechanisms configured to have the power supply coupled to one of the device's open states or the power supply decoupled from the device, the open state allows current to flow along the current path The power supply is delivered to the device, the monitoring mechanism is integrated with the switching mechanism, the monitoring mechanism includes a reference transistor, the reference transistor is matched with a transistor of the switching mechanism; in response to the sensed Determining whether the switching mechanism is caused to have the closed state; and in response to the sensed electrical characteristic, providing a reporting signal at the monitoring mechanism, the reporting signal indicating the sensed electrical characteristic, the reference transistor Configuring to cause the monitoring mechanism to output the report signal with reference to the sensed electrical characteristic; and determining whether to cause the response in response to a temperature The switching mechanism having a closed state.
TW101114586A 2011-04-25 2012-04-24 System, device, and process for monitoring electrical characteristics TWI549396B (en)
US201161478856P true 2011-04-25 2011-04-25
US13/453,739 US9679885B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2012-04-23 Integrated protection devices with monitoring of electrical characteristics
TW201310836A TW201310836A (en) 2013-03-01
TWI549396B true TWI549396B (en) 2016-09-11
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2012-04-19 WO PCT/US2012/034262 patent/WO2012148774A2/en active Application Filing
2012-04-23 US US13/453,739 patent/US9679885B2/en active Active
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