Source: http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1&num=0&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2019-01-16 10:47:56
Document Index: 750940361

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1', '§1', '§3', '§2', '§4', '§215', '§4', '§4', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§201', '§14101', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§401', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§305', '§211', '§2', '§1', '§211', '§6', '§3', '§2', '§14102', '§3', '§568', '§2', '§102', '§2', '§2', '§2', '§2']

[USC03] 15 USC 1: Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty
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15 USC 1: Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty Text contains those laws in effect on January 15, 2019
(July 2, 1890, ch. 647, §1, 26 Stat. 209 ; Aug. 17, 1937, ch. 690, title VIII, 50 Stat. 693 ; July 7, 1955, ch. 281, 69 Stat. 282 ; Pub. L. 93–528, §3, Dec. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1708 ; Pub. L. 94–145, §2, Dec. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 801 ; Pub. L. 101–588, §4(a), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2880 ; Pub. L. 108–237, title II, §215(a), June 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 668 .)
1975-Pub. L. 94–145 struck out from first sentence two provisos granting anti-trust exemption to State fair trade laws.
1974-Pub. L. 93–528 substituted "a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding one million dollars if a corporation, or, if any other person, one hundred thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding three years" for "a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding fifty thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year".
1937-Act Aug. 17, 1937, inserted two provisos.
Pub. L. 107–72, §4, Nov. 20, 2001, 115 Stat. 650 , provided that: "This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on September 30, 2001."
Pub. L. 94–145, §4, Dec. 12, 1974, 89 Stat. 801 , provided that: "The amendments made by sections 2 and 3 of this Act [amending this section and section 45 of this title] shall take effect upon the expiration of the ninety-day period which begins on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 1975]."
Pub. L. 114–44, §1, Aug. 6, 2015, 129 Stat. 472 , provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Need-Based Educational Aid Act of 2015'."
Pub. L. 111–30, §1, June 19, 2009, 123 Stat. 1775 , provided that: "This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004 Extension Act'."
Pub. L. 110–327, §1, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3566 , provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Need-Based Educational Aid Act of 2008'."
Pub. L. 110–6, §1, Feb. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 61 , provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Antitrust Modernization Commission Extension Act of 2007'."
Pub. L. 108–237, title II, §201, June 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 665 , provided that: "This title [amending this section and sections 2, 3, and 16 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 16 of this title] may be cited as the 'Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004'."
Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title IV, §14101, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1921 , provided that: "This title [amending sections 3, 12, 27, and 44 of this title, section 225 of Title 7, Agriculture, section 1413 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and section 2135 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 30 and 31 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 8 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 15 of this title and section 41309 of Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the 'Antitrust Technical Corrections Act of 2002'."
Pub. L. 107–72, §1, Nov. 20, 2001, 115 Stat. 648 , provided that: "This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Need-Based Educational Aid Act of 2001'."
Pub. L. 105–297, §1, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2824 , provided that: "This Act [enacting section 26b of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 26b of this title] may be cited as the 'Curt Flood Act of 1998'."
Pub. L. 105–43, §1, Sept. 17, 1997, 111 Stat. 1140 , provided that: "This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes below] may be cited as the 'Need-Based Educational Aid Antitrust Protection Act of 1997'."
Pub. L. 105–26, §1, July 3, 1997, 111 Stat. 241 , provided that: "This Act [amending sections 37 and 37a of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 37 of this title] may be cited as the 'Charitable Donation Antitrust Immunity Act of 1997'."
Pub. L. 104–63, §1, Dec. 8, 1995, 109 Stat. 687 , provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 37 and 37a of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 37 of this title] may be cited as the 'Charitable Gift Annuity Antitrust Relief Act of 1995'."
Pub. L. 101–588, §1, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2879 , provided: "That this Act [amending this section and sections 2, 3, 15a, and 19 of this title and repealing section 20 of this title] may be cited as the 'Antitrust Amendments Act of 1990'."
Pub. L. 98–544, §1, Oct. 24, 1984, 98 Stat. 2750 , provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 34 to 36 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 34 of this title] may be cited as the 'Local Government Antitrust Act of 1984'."
Pub. L. 97–290, title IV, §401, Oct. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 1246 , provided that: "This title [enacting section 6a of this title and amending section 45 of this title] may be cited as the 'Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act of 1982'."
Pub. L. 96–493, §1, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2568 , provided: "That this Act [enacting section 26a of this title] may be cited as the 'Gasohol Competition Act of 1980'."
Pub. L. 94–435, §1, Sept. 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 1383 , provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 15c to 15h, 18a, and 66 of this title, amending sections 12, 15b, 16, 26, and 1311 to 1314 of this title, section 1505 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section 1407 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8, 15c, 18a, and 1311 of this title] may be cited as the 'Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976'."
Pub. L. 94–145, §1, Dec. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 801 , provided: "That this Act [amending this section and section 45 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Consumer Goods Pricing Act of 1975'."
Pub. L. 93–528, §1, Dec. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1706 , provided: "That this Act [amending this section and section 2, 3, 16, 28, and 29 of this title, section 401 of Title 47, Telecommunications, and sections 43, 44, and 45 of former Title 49, Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 29 of this title] may be cited as the 'Antitrust Procedures and Penalties Act'."
Pub. L. 94–435, title III, §305(a), Sept. 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 1397 , added immediately following the enacting clause of act July 2, 1890, the following: "That this Act [this section and sections 2 to 7 of this title] may be cited as the 'Sherman Act'."
Pub. L. 108–237, title II, §§211–214, June 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 666 , 667, as amended by Pub. L. 111–30, §2, June 19, 2009, 123 Stat. 1775 ; Pub. L. 111–190, §§1–4, June 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 1275 , 1276, provided that:
"(a) In General.-Except as provided in subsection (b), the provisions of sections 211 through 214 of this subtitle [this note] shall cease to have effect 16 years after the date of enactment of this Act [June 22, 2004].
"(b) Exceptions.-With respect to-
"(1) Antitrust division.-The term 'Antitrust Division' means the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division.
"(2) Antitrust leniency agreement.-The term 'antitrust leniency agreement,' or 'agreement,' means a leniency letter agreement, whether conditional or final, between a person and the Antitrust Division pursuant to the Corporate Leniency Policy of the Antitrust Division in effect on the date of execution of the agreement.
"(3) Antitrust leniency applicant.-The term 'antitrust leniency applicant,' or 'applicant,' means, with respect to an antitrust leniency agreement, the person that has entered into the agreement.
"(4) Claimant.-The term 'claimant' means a person or class, that has brought, or on whose behalf has been brought, a civil action alleging a violation of section 1 or 3 of the Sherman Act [15 U.S.C. 1, 3] or any similar State law, except that the term does not include a State or a subdivision of a State with respect to a civil action brought to recover damages sustained by the State or subdivision.
"(5) Cooperating individual.-The term 'cooperating individual' means, with respect to an antitrust leniency agreement, a current or former director, officer, or employee of the antitrust leniency applicant who is covered by the agreement.
"(6) Marker.-The term 'marker' means an assurance given by the Antitrust Division to a candidate for corporate leniency that no other company will be considered for leniency, for some finite period of time, while the candidate is given an opportunity to perfect its leniency application.
"(7) Person.-The term 'person' has the meaning given it in subsection (a) of the first section of the Clayton Act [15 U.S.C. 12(a)].
"(a) In General.-Subject to subsection (d), in any civil action alleging a violation of section 1 or 3 of the Sherman Act [15 U.S.C. 1, 3], or alleging a violation of any similar State law, based on conduct covered by a currently effective antitrust leniency agreement, the amount of damages recovered by or on behalf of a claimant from an antitrust leniency applicant who satisfies the requirements of subsection (b), together with the amounts so recovered from cooperating individuals who satisfy such requirements, shall not exceed that portion of the actual damages sustained by such claimant which is attributable to the commerce done by the applicant in the goods or services affected by the violation.
"(b) Requirements.-Subject to subsection (c), an antitrust leniency applicant or cooperating individual satisfies the requirements of this subsection with respect to a civil action described in subsection (a) if the court in which the civil action is brought determines, after considering any appropriate pleadings from the claimant, that the applicant or cooperating individual, as the case may be, has provided satisfactory cooperation to the claimant with respect to the civil action, which cooperation shall include-
"(3)(A) in the case of a cooperating individual-
"(c) Timeliness.-The court shall consider, in making the determination concerning satisfactory cooperation described in subsection (b), the timeliness of the applicant's or cooperating individual's cooperation with the claimant.
"(d) Cooperation After Expiration of Stay or Protective Order.-If the Antitrust Division does obtain a stay or protective order in a civil action based on conduct covered by an antitrust leniency agreement, once the stay or protective order, or a portion thereof, expires or is terminated, the antitrust leniency applicant and cooperating individuals shall provide without unreasonable delay any cooperation described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) that was prohibited by the expired or terminated stay or protective order, or the expired or terminated portion thereof, in order for the cooperation to be deemed satisfactory under such paragraphs.
"(e) Continuation.-Nothing in this section shall be construed to modify, impair, or supersede the provisions of sections 4, 4A, and 4C of the Clayton Act [15 U.S.C. 15, 15a, 15c] relating to the recovery of costs of suit, including a reasonable attorney's fee, and interest on damages, to the extent that such recovery is authorized by such sections.
"Nothing in this subtitle [subtitle A (§§211–215) of title II of Pub. L. 108–237, amending this section and sections 2 and 3 of this title and enacting this note] shall be construed to-
[ Pub. L. 111–190, §6, June 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 1276 , provided that: "The amendments made by section 1 [amending section 211 of Pub. L. 108–237, set out above] shall take effect immediately before June 22, 2010."]
[ Pub. L. 111–30, §3, June 19, 2009, 123 Stat. 1775 , provided that: "The amendment made by section 2 [amending section 211(a) of Pub. L. 108–237, set out above] shall take effect immediately before June 22, 2009."]
Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, subtitle D, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1856 , as amended by Pub. L. 110–6, §2, Feb. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 61 , provided that:
"The duties of the Commission are-
"(a) Number and Appointment.-The Commission shall be composed of 12 members appointed as follows:
"(b) Ineligibility for Appointment.-Members of Congress shall be ineligible for appointment to the Commission.
"(c) Term of Appointment.-
"(1) In general.-Subject to paragraph (2), members of the Commission shall be appointed for the life of the Commission.
"(2) Early termination of appointment.-If a member of the Commission who is appointed to the Commission as-
"(d) Quorum.-Seven members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may conduct meetings.
"(e) Appointment Deadline.-Initial appointments under subsection (a) shall be made not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 2, 2002].
"(f) Meetings.-The Commission shall meet at the call of the chairperson. The first meeting of the Commission shall be held not later than 30 days after the date on which all members of the Commission are first appointed under subsection (a) or funds are appropriated to carry out this subtitle, whichever occurs later.
"(g) Vacancy.-A vacancy on the Commission shall be filled in the same manner as the initial appointment is made.
"(h) Consultation Before Appointment.-Before appointing members of the Commission, the President, the majority and minority leaders of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the minority leader of the House of Representatives shall consult with each other to ensure fair and equitable representation of various points of view in the Commission.
"(i) Chairperson; Vice Chairperson.-The President shall select the chairperson of the Commission from among its appointed members. The leaders of Congress from the opposing party of the President shall select the vice chairperson of the Commission from among its remaining members.
"(a) Pay.-
"(1) Nongovernment employees.-Each member of the Commission who is not otherwise employed by a government shall be entitled to receive the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5 United States Code, as in effect from time to time, for each day (including travel time) during which such member is engaged in the actual performance of duties of the Commission.
"(2) Government employees.-A member of the Commission who is an officer or employee of a government shall serve without additional pay (or benefits in the nature of compensation) for service as a member of the Commission.
"(b) Travel Expenses.-Members of the Commission shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code.
"(a) Staff.-
"(1) Appointment.-The chairperson of the Commission may, without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 of title 5 of the United States Code (relating to appointments in the competitive service), appoint and terminate an executive director and such other staff as are necessary to enable the Commission to perform its duties. The appointment of an executive director shall be subject to approval by the Commission.
"(2) Compensation.-The chairperson of the Commission may fix the compensation of the executive director and other staff without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5 of the United States Code (relating to classification of positions and General Schedule pay rates), except that the rate of pay for the executive director and other staff may not exceed the rate of basic pay payable for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5 United States Code, as in effect from time to time.
"(b) Experts and Consultants.-The Commission may procure temporary and intermittent services of experts and consultants in accordance with section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code.
"(a) Hearings and Meetings.-The Commission, or a member of the Commission if authorized by the Commission, may hold such hearings, sit and act at such time and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence, as the Commission considers to be appropriate. The Commission or a member of the Commission may administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses appearing before the Commission or such member.
"(b) Official Data.-The Commission may obtain directly from any executive agency (as defined in section 105 of title 5 of the United States Code) or court information necessary to enable it to carry out its duties under this subtitle. On the request of the chairperson of the Commission, and consistent with any other law, the head of an executive agency or of a Federal court shall provide such information to the Commission.
"(c) Facilities and Support Services.-The Administrator of General Services shall provide to the Commission on a reimbursable basis such facilities and support services as the Commission may request. On request of the Commission, the head of an executive agency may make any of the facilities or services of such agency available to the Commission, on a reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis, to assist the Commission in carrying out its duties under this subtitle.
"(d) Expenditures and Contracts.-The Commission or, on authorization of the Commission, a member of the Commission may make expenditures and enter into contracts for the procurement of such supplies, services, and property as the Commission or such member considers to be appropriate for the purpose of carrying out the duties of the Commission. Such expenditures and contracts may be made only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts.
"(e) Mails.-The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the United States.
"(f) Gifts, Bequests, and Devises.-The Commission may accept, use, and dispose of gifts, bequests, or devises of services or property, both real and personal, for the purpose of aiding or facilitating the work of the Commission. Gifts, bequests, or devises of money and proceeds from sales of other property received as gifts, bequests, or devises shall be deposited in the Treasury and shall be available for disbursement upon order of the Commission.
Pub. L. 105–271, Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2386 , as amended by Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title IV, §14102(e), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1922 , known as the Year 2000 Information and Readiness Disclosure Act, provided for the free disclosure and exchange of information about computer processing problems, solutions, test practices and test results, and related matters in connection with the transition to the year 2000.
Pub. L. 107–72, §3, Nov. 20, 2001, 115 Stat. 648 , provided that:
"(1) In general.-The Comptroller General shall conduct a study of the effect of the antitrust exemption on institutional student aid under section 568 of the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 (15 U.S.C. 1 note) [Pub. L. 103–382, see below].
"(2) Consultation.-The Comptroller General shall have final authority to determine the content of the study under paragraph (1), but in determining the content of the study, the Comptroller General shall consult with-
"(3) Matters studied.-
"(A) In general.-The study under paragraph (1) shall-
"(ii) identify trends in undergraduate costs of attendance and institutional undergraduate grant aid among participating institutions, including-
"(iii) to the extent useful in determining the effect of the antitrust exemption under section 568 of the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 (15 U.S.C. 1 note), examine-
"(B) Assessment.-
"(i) In general.-The study under paragraph (1) shall assess what effect the antitrust exemption on institutional student aid has had on institutional undergraduate grant aid and parental contribution to undergraduate costs of attendance.
"(ii) Changes over time.-The assessment under clause (i) shall consider any changes in institutional undergraduate grant aid and parental contribution to undergraduate costs of attendance over time for institutions of higher education, including consideration of-
"(1) In general.-Not later than September 30, 2006, the Comptroller General shall submit a report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives that contains the findings and conclusions of the Comptroller General regarding the matters studied under subsection (a).
"(2) Identifying individual institutions.-The Comptroller General shall not identify an individual institution of higher education in information submitted in the report under paragraph (1) unless the information on the institution is available to the public.
"(c) Recordkeeping Requirement.-
"(1) In general.-For the purpose of completing the study under subsection (a)(1), a participating institution shall-
"(A) collect and maintain for each academic year until the study under subsection (a)(1) is completed-
"(2) Non-participating institutions.-Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require an institution of higher education that does not participate under the antitrust exemption under section 568 of the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 (15 U.S.C. 1 note) to collect and maintain data under this subsection."
Pub. L. 103–382, title V, §568(a)–(d), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4060 , 4061, as amended by Pub. L. 105–43, §2(a), Sept. 17, 1997, 111 Stat. 1140 ; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §102(a)(3), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1618 ; Pub. L. 107–72, §2, Nov. 20, 2001, 115 Stat. 648 ; Pub. L. 110–327, §2, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3566 ; Pub. L. 114–44, §2, Aug. 6, 2015, 129 Stat. 472 , provided that:
"(a) Exemption.-It shall not be unlawful under the antitrust laws for 2 or more institutions of higher education at which all students admitted are admitted on a need-blind basis, to agree or attempt to agree-
"(b) Limitations.-Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to-
"(d) Expiration.-Subsection (a) shall expire on September 30, 2022."
[ Pub. L. 105–43, §2(b), Sept. 17, 1997, 111 Stat. 1140 , provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 568(a)–(d) of Pub. L. 103–382, set out above] shall take effect immediately before September 30, 1997."]