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Timestamp: 2017-01-23 01:02:17
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Matched Legal Cases: ['art. 7', 'art. 62', 'art. 8', 'art. 9', 'art. 3', 'art 9', 'art. 10', 'art. 11', 'art. 22', 'art. 17', 'art. 103', 'art. 105', 'art. 123', 'art. 103', 'art 3', 'Art. 5', 'ART 1', 'ART 1']

⭐ARBITRAL AWARD. delivered by the COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT. Sitting in the following composition:
ARBITRAL AWARD. delivered by the COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT. Sitting in the following composition:
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1 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v. FIFA ARBITRAL AWARD delivered by the COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT Sitting in the following composition: President: Arbitrator: Arbitrator: Ad hoc Clerk: Mr. José María Alonso Puig, Attorney-at-law, Madrid, Spain Mr. Philippe J. Sands QC, Barrister, London, United Kingdom; Professor of Law, University College London Mr. Romano F. Subiotto QC, Solicitor-Advocate, Brussels, Belgium and London, United Kingdom Mr. Víctor Bonnín Reynés, Attorney-at-law, Madrid, Spain In the arbitral proceedings between Mohamed Bin Hammam, Qatar Represented by Mr. Stephan Netzle, Attorney-at-law, Zurich, Switzerland; Mr. Eugene D. Gulland, Attorney-at-law, Washington, USA; and Mr. Andrew Hunter QC, Barrister, London, United Kingdom and as Appellant Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Switzerland Represented by Mr. Antonio Rigozzi, Attorney-at-law, Geneva, Switzerland; Mr. William McAuliffe, Attorney-at-law, Geneva, Switzerland; and Mr. Adam Lewis QC, Barrister, London, United Kingdom as Respondent2 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page 2 I. PARTIES 1. Mr. Mohamed Bin Hammam (hereinafter, the Appellant or Mr. Bin Hammam ), a national of Qatar, was a member of FIFA's Executive Committee from 1996 and President of the Asian Football Confederation (hereinafter, the AFC ) from He was also candidate for the presidency of FIFA at the election of June 1, 2011, before deciding to withdraw from such election. He is currently banned from exercising any football-related activity as a result of the decision made by the FIFA Appeal Committee on September 15, 2011, which is subject to the current appeal (hereinafter, the Decision ). 2. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (hereinafter, the Respondent or FIFA ) is the international governing body of football, with its registered office in Zurich, Switzerland. II. BACKGROUND FACTS 3. This section summarizes the facts that the Panel has identified as most relevant, having regard to the Parties written and oral submissions and the evidence submitted and examined in the course of the proceedings. These facts are not in dispute. Additional facts in dispute are addressed, where material, in other sections of this Award. 4. In March 2011, Mr. Bin Hammam declared his candidacy for the position of FIFA President, challenging the incumbent, Mr. Joseph Blatter. The election date was set for June 1, In this connection, Mr. Bin Hammam attended a meeting in Trinidad and Tobago on May 10 and 11, The events surrounding this meeting led to the Decision. 5. After being denied a visa to the US, Mr. Bin Hammam could not attend the meeting held in Miami on May 3, 2011, of the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (hereinafter, CONCACAF ) to present his candidacy. He therefore asked to speak at a special meeting of the Caribbean Football Union (hereinafter, CFU ) in Trinidad and Tobago held on May 10-11, Mr. Jack Warner, FIFA s Vice-President and CONCACAF s President, agreed to convene3 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page 3 the meeting, informing Mr. Bin Hammam that he would have to finance all the expenses of the meeting. Mr. Bin Hammam agreed to this condition. 6. Mr. Bin Hammam wired USD 360,000 to the CFU, and later provided a supplemental payment of USD 50,000 for additional expenses. 7. Mr. Bin Hammam arrived in Port-of-Spain on May 9, On May 10, 2011, he made a 45-minute speech about his candidacy. After the speech and once Mr. Bin Hammam had left the conference room, Mr. Warner announced that there were gifts for representatives of attending associations. Mr. Bin Hammam departed Trinidad and Tobago on the evening of May 10, after attending a dinner with other participants at the earlier meeting. 8. In the afternoon of May 10, 2011, the General Secretary of the CFU, Ms. Angenie Kanhai, went to Mr. Warner s office to collect a locked suitcase, which she then took back to the Hyatt Hotel and handed over to her assistants, Mr. Jason Sylvester and Ms. Debbie Minguell. The suitcase contained a number of unmarked envelopes, each containing USD 40, Mr. Jason Sylvester and Ms. Debbie Minguell distributed the gifts during the course of the afternoon of May 10, 2011, in the hotel room that was being used as a boardroom for CFU delegates, each of whom was invited to enter the room individually. Some of the delegates were told at that time that the cash was a gift from the CFU to their national association for the development of football. This is confirmed, for example, by two letters that the representatives of Puerto Rico, Mr. Labrador, and Haiti, Mr. Jean Bart, requested for customs purposes in order to transit with the money via the US. The Panel has seen no evidence that any individuals were told in the boardroom and at that time that the source of money was other than the CFU. 10. Subsequently on May 10, 2011, Mr. Sealey, President of the Bahamas Football Federation, who was not attending the meeting, received a phone call from the Bahamas representative attending the conference, Mr. Lunn (Vice-President of the Bahamas Football Federation), informing him about the cash gifts. Mr. Sealey reported this to Mr. Chuck Blazer, CONCACAF s Secretary General. 11. The following morning, on May 11, 2011, when Mr. Bin Hammam had already left Trinidad and Tobago, Mr. Warner called an unexpected and unscheduled meeting that started at 8:30 a.m. (the conference was due to reconvene at 10:00 a.m.). In the course4 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page 4 of that meeting, Mr. Warner expressed his surprise to those attending that CONCACAF and FIFA had been informed about the cash gifts, adding that Mr. Bin Hammam had provided money to the CFU in lieu of any gifts, that the money had been provided for the CFU s organizational purposes, and that no effort had been made to buy votes. Mr. Warner used the following words: When President Bin Hammam asked to come to the Caribbean, he wanted to bring some silver um plaques and wooden trophies and buttons and so on, and he told me that to bring for 30 countries would be too much luggage for a private plane. I told him he need not bring anything. He said yes he want to bring something for the countries that will be equivalent to the value of the gift he would have brought. I said to him if you are bringing cash, I do not want you to give any cash to anybody, but what you do, you can give it to CFU and the CFU will give it to the members because I do not want it to even remotely appear that anyone has any obligation for you for his vote because of what gift you have given them, and he fully accepted that. I said to him also I would not even mention it but will give it to them before you leave, because Jack Warner is so unlucky the next thing you know Jack Warner keeps everything [ ] 12. On May 15, 2011, FIFA Executive member, Mr. Chuck Blazer, hired Mr. John P. Collins, an attorney, to investigate the source of the money distributed on May 10, Mr. Collins issued a report concluding that Mr. Bin Hammam had offered bribes in order to buy the votes needed to win the FIFA election: This special Bin Hammam meeting of the Caribbean Football Union ( CFU ) took place on May in Trinidad. At the meeting, Mr. Bin Hammam and Mr. Warner, caused cash payments totaling approximately US$ 1,000,000 to be paid, or attempted to be paid, to Officials (as defined in the FIFA Code of Ethics) of the FIFA Member Associations that are also members of the CFU. These cash payments directly violate Articles 10 and 11 of the FIFA Code of Ethics. Mr. Bin Hammam and Mr. Warner organized this special meeting of CFU Officials for the express purpose of allowing Mr. Bin Hammam to present his candidacy to these FIFA voting members, ask for their vote, and present his US$40,000 cash gift to each one. This gift was in addition to paying all of the travel costs for these Officials to attend this special meeting in Trinidad. The report was leaked to the media. 13. On May 24, 2011, Mr. Blazer reported to FIFA s Secretary General, Mr. Jérôme Valcke, that Mr. Bin Hammam had allegedly committed violations of the FIFA Code5 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page 5 of Ethics (hereinafter, FCE ). He asked that the FIFA Ethics Committee take action against Mr. Bin Hammam. Mr. Blazer also forwarded the report prepared by Mr. John P. Collins to Mr. Valcke. 14. The cash gifts offered on May 10, 2011, were then the object of the FIFA proceedings brought against Mr. Bin Hammam before the FIFA Ethics Committee. Other individuals have been subject to proceedings arising out of the same facts, but the Panel has not been provided with full details. 15. On May 25, 2011, the FIFA Ethics Committee invited Mr. Bin Hammam to respond in writing to the alleged charges by no later than May 27, The terms of the communication were as follows: On 24 May 2011, Mr Chick Blazer, FIFA Executive Committee Member and CONCACAF General Secretary, represented by Collins & Collins, reported to the FIFA Secretary General, Mr Jérôme Valcke, that, during the course of a special meeting of the Caribbean Football Union held on 10 and 11 May 2011, you allegedly committed several infringements to the FIFA regulations, in particular but not limited to, acts of bribery [ ] This appears to be a violation of the FIFA Statutes, the FIFA Disciplinary Code (hereinafter: FDC) and the FIFA Code of Ethics, in particular art. 7 of the FIFA Statutes, art. 62 of FDC and articles 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14 of the FIFA Code of Ethics. In this regards, we would also like to draw your attention to the fact that acts amounting to attempt (cf. art. 8 of the FDC) and intentional involvement in committing an infringement either as instigator or accomplice (cf. art. 9 of the FDC) are also punishable). 16. Mr. Bin Hammam was also invited to attend, and did attend, a hearing in Zurich on May 29, 2011, before the FIFA Ethics Committee to determine whether he should be provisionally suspended from all football-related activities. The hearing was chaired by Mr. Petrus Damaseb. The other members were Mr. Juan Pedro Damiani, Mr. Les Murray, Mr. Robert Torres and Mr. Sondre Kaafjord. Before the hearing of May 29, 2011, Mr. Bin Hammam withdrew his candidacy for the FIFA Presidency, leaving Mr. Blatter as the sole candidate. Immediately after the hearing, the FIFA Ethics Committee announced publicly its decision to suspend provisionally Mr. Bin Hammam from all football-related activities during a period of 30 days. It released its reasoned decision on June 9, 2011.6 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page On June 1, 2011, the FIFA Ethics Committee found Mr. Bin Hammam s request of May 31, 2011, to revoke these provisional measures, inadmissible. 18. On June 28, 2011, the FIFA Ethics Committee decided to extend Mr. Bin Hammam s provisional suspension. It sent a copy of the reasoned decision to Mr. Bin Hammam on July 6, On June 29, 2011, the Freeh Group produced a Report about the events at the meeting of May 10-11, 2011, in Trinidad and Tobago. The Freeh Group Report concluded that there is compelling circumstantial evidence to suggest that the money did originate with Mr. Bin Hammam and was distributed by Mr Warner s subordinates as a means of demonstrating Mr. Warner s largesse. Two days later, the FIFA Ethics Committee s Secretary wrote to Mr. Bin Hammam, convening a hearing at FIFA s headquarters in Zurich on July 22-23, On July 12, 2011, the FIFA Ethics Committee found Mr. Bin Hammam s request to revoke the extension of the provisional measures inadmissible. 21. After the hearing of July 22-23, 2011, the FIFA Ethics Committee issued a decision in the following terms: 1. The official, Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam, is found guilty of infringement of art. 3 par. 1, par. 2 and par. 3 (General Rules), art 9 par. 1 (Loyalty and confidentiality), art. 10 par. 2 (accepting and giving gifts and other benefits) and art. 11 par. 2 (Bribery) of the FIFA Code of Ethics. 2. The official, Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam, is hereby banned from taking part in any kind of football-related activity at national and international level (administrative, sports or any other) for life as from 29 May 2011, in accordance with art. 22 of the FIFA Disciplinary Code and in connection with art. 17 of the FIFA Code of Ethics. 3. No costs are to be borne by the official, Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam. 4. The official, Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam, shall bear his own legal and other costs incurred in connection with the present proceedings. 5. This decision is sent by fax to Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam (c/o Dr Stephan Netzle and Mr Eugene Gulland) [cf. art. 103 par. 1 of the FDC]. A copy of the decision is sent to AFC. 22. This decision was communicated to Mr. Bin Hammam on August 18, 2011.7 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page Mr. Bin Hammam appealed this decision to the FIFA Appeal Committee. A hearing was held on September 15, On the same day, the Appeal Committee issued the Decision in the following terms: 1. The appeal lodged by the official, Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam, is rejected and the decision of the FIFA Ethics Committee passed on 22 and 23 July 2011 is confirmed. 2. Costs and expenses of these proceedings in the amount of CHF 3,000 are to be borne by the official, Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam, in accordance with art. 105 par. 1 of the FIFA Disciplinary Code. This amount is set off against the appeal fee of CHF 3,000 already paid by the official, Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam, in application of art. 123 par. 3 of the FIFA Disciplinary code. 3. The official, Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam, shall bear his own legal and other costs incurred in connection with the present proceedings. 4. This decision is sent by fax to Mr Mohamed Bin Hammam (c/o Dr Stephan Netzle and Mr Eugene Gulland) [cf. art. 103 par. 1 of the FDC]. A copy of the decision is sent to the Asian Football Federation. 24. On October 19, 2011, the Decision was sent to Mr. Bin Hammam. III. CAS PROCEEDINGS 25. On November 9, 2011, the Appellant filed a Statement of Appeal against the Decision with the CAS, requesting that a preliminary award be rendered on the validity of the Decision, and appointed Mr. Philippe Sands QC as arbitrator. 26. On November 10, 2011, the CAS Court Office invited the Respondent to nominate an arbitrator and to send its observations with regard to the Appellant s request for a preliminary award. 27. On November 18, 2011, the Respondent indicated its disagreement with the Appellant s proposal, and appointed Mr. Romano Subiotto QC as arbitrator. 28. On November 21, 2011, the CAS Court Office took note of the Respondent s objection and informed the Appellant that the deadline to file his appeal brief was suspended. 29. On November 24, 2011, the Appellant filed his Preliminary Appeal Brief with the CAS.8 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page On December 5, 2011, the CAS Court Office informed the Parties of the composition of the Panel, chaired by Mr. Jose Maria Alonso Puig. 31. On December 27, 2011, the CAS Court Office informed the Parties of the Panel s decision not to bifurcate the proceedings, and of the proposed timetable for the proceedings. 32. On January 2, 2012, the Appellant requested an extension until January 16, 2012, to file his complete Appeal Brief. The Panel granted the requested extension. 33. On January 5, 2012, the Respondent indicated that it would seek an extension of the deadline to file its Answer as a result of the extension just mentioned. Further, it stated that it was not available to participate in a hearing on the dates proposed by the Panel. 34. On January 16, 2012, the Appellant filed his Appeal Brief with the CAS. 35. On January 23, 2012, the CAS Court Office communicated to the Parties that the hearing would take place on April 18-19, 2012, at the CAS Headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland. 36. On January 31, 2012, the Respondent requested an extension until March 15, 2012, to file its Answer. The Secretariat of the CAS invited the Appellant to present its comments by February 3, On February 3, 2012, the Appellant stated that it did not oppose an extension until February 20, In addition, it made comments on other procedural matters, including witnesses, disclosure of documents, and the holding of a procedural conference. 38. On February 6, 2012, the Respondent responded to the Appellant s letter of February 3, 2012, indicating that the other procedural matters raised by the Appellant would be addressed in a letter on February 8, On February 8, 2012, the Respondent filed its comments on the procedural matters raised by the Appellant on February 3, On the same day, the CAS Secretariat indicated that the Panel had decided to grant the Respondent an extension to file its Answer until February 27, 2012, and the Respondent requested a short extension beyond February 27, on the grounds that one of the Respondent s representatives had suffered an accident.9 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page On February 9, 2012, the Appellant responded to the Respondent s comments on the procedural issues and its request for an additional extension. 41. On February 10, 2012, the CAS Secretariat informed the Parties that the Panel had rejected the Respondent s request for an additional short extension to file its Answer. 42. On February 13, 2012, the Respondent submitted a letter challenging a number of the Appellant s assertions. 43. On February 27, 2012, the Respondent filed its Answer. 44. On March 7, 2012, the Appellant requested that the Panel adopt a number of procedural measures regarding certain evidence submitted by the Respondent in its Answer. 45. On March 7, 2012, the Respondent responded to the Appellant s proposed procedural measures regarding certain evidence produced by the Respondent in its Answer. 46. On March 8, 2012, the CAS Secretariat indicated that the Panel would address certain issues in due course, and invited the Parties to refrain from commenting further on these procedural issues. 47. On March 13, 2012, the CAS Secretariat indicated that the Panel had decided to grant the Appellant seven days to file witness statements and explain the relevance of the documents which it requested to be disclosed. The letter further communicated the Panel s decision that, upon receipt of said communication, the Respondent would be given seven days to present additional witnesses if it deemed it necessary and to set out its position as regards the Appellant s request for disclosure. 48. On March 20, 2012, the Appellant filed its response to the Panel s letter of March 13. It (i) explained why each of the items of the requested disclosure were relevant to the issues in its appeal; (ii) noted that it would present its Appeal first and that its presentation would not involve the submission of new witness statement evidence, thus demonstrating its case on the basis of the Appeal record and the materials referred to in the Appeal Brief; (iii) stated that FIFA s Answer included new witness statements purporting to address the substance of the allegations against Mr. Bin Hammam and extensive new FGI Reports, and asserted that this was procedurally improper; and (iv) reiterated that any witness upon whom FIFA wished to rely as a material part of the case should be available at the hearing in order to give the10 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page 10 Appellant the opportunity to test the evidence by cross examination, and inviting the Panel to give no weight to the evidence provided by any witness, who did not attend the hearing. 49. On March 30, 2012, the Respondent filed its Response to the Panel s letter of 13 March of It (i) stated that, if the Appellant wished to base its case only on the materials referred to in the Appeal Brief to the exclusion of that provided by the Respondent, then such a decision should be considered as a deliberate procedural choice; (ii) noted that it failed to understand the Appellant s arguments as to the admissibility of new evidence and referred to various authorities regarding Article R57 of the Code of Sports-related Arbitration (hereinafter, the CAS Code ); (iii) confirmed that it had made all necessary arrangements to ensure that all the witnesses would be present at the hearing dates fixed by the Panel; and (iv) indicated that the Panel, in the absence of any agreement between the Parties, should adopt necessary procedural directions as to the organization of the hearing. 50. On April 4, 2012, the CAS Secretariat informed the Parties of the Panel s decision on the Appellant s Request for document disclosure, and requested the Respondent to comply with the Panel s request to disclose certain documents. Further, the CAS Secretariat notified the Parties that the Panel had admitted the witness statements filed by the Respondent on February 27, 2012, and the new documents filed by the Appellant on March 20, 2012, giving the Respondent a deadline of April 12, 2012 to file new documents if it deemed it necessary. It provided information on the list of witnesses called by the Panel to attend the hearing, and indicated that the Panel would decide on the costs of arbitration, including any costs related to the Appellant s Request for Disclosure, at a later stage. On the same date, the CAS Secretariat corrected its previous communication and clarified one of the categories of documents to be disclosed. 51. On April 4, 2012, the Appellant submitted a letter addressing certain issues relating to the organization of the hearing. 52. On April 7, 2012, the Respondent requested guidance and clarification regarding the Panel s decision on document production and the witnesses called to attend the hearing. It also commented on the Appellant s procedural proposals of April 4, 2012.11 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page On April 10, 2012, the Respondent notified the Panel of its views on its compliance with the disclosure of documents ordered on April 4, On April 11, 2012, the CAS Secretariat notified the Parties regarding the Panel s decision to reject the documents submitted with the Appellant s communication of April 4, 2012; to declare that it would not admit any new documents, unless they were expressly requested pursuant to Article R44.3 of the CAS Code, apart from the documents which the Respondent could submit on April 12, 2012; and to provide further clarifications as regards the witnesses testimonies. The notification indicated that the Panel would admit the witnesses requested by the Appellant in its submission of March 13, 2012, using its power under Article R44.3 of the CAS Code. 55. On the same day, the Respondent provided information on the attendance of witnesses, and indicated that Mr. Blazer would not appear at the hearing because the object of this arbitration overlapped with a pending lawsuit in the Supreme Court of Bahamas. 56. Further, on the same day, the Appellant submitted a letter stating that no FIFA witness evidence should be given any evidentiary weight unless FIFA made the individual available for cross-examination. 57. On April 12, 2012, the CAS Secretariat informed the Parties that the Panel invited the Respondent to submit all documents available to it concerning the selection and appointment of the FIFA Ethics and Appeal Committees, and provided further information on the attendance of witnesses in response to the Parties communications dated April 11, On the same day, the Respondent produced the documents requested by the Panel, and the rebuttal documents allowed by the Panel. It also provided further information on the attendance of witnesses, the list of results from the IT search and a copy of the s corresponding to said list. Further, the Respondent provided information about the witnesses that had confirmed their attendance at the hearing and provided an estimate of the time it would need for examination. Finally, it confirmed that Mr. Johnson would be unable to participate due to medical reasons and that Mr. Warner had not provided any response to the request for his attendance. 59. On April 13, 2012, the Appellant reiterated its position that it required an opportunity to test the evidence of any witness requested by the Appellant.12 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page On April 14, 2012, the Respondent affirmed that the Panel had already ruled on the issue addressed by the Appellant in its letter of April 13, 2012, as regards the examination of the witnesses. 61. On April 16, 2012, the CAS Secretariat sent the Parties the Order of Procedure for their signature, informed them of the Panel s decision concerning the documents submitted by the Respondent on April 12, 2012, and specified that the Panel would issue further instructions regarding the Parties communications concerning the examination of the witnesses in due course. 62. On April 17, 2012, the Appellant returned a signed copy of the Order of Procedure, subject to a number of reservations regarding the proposed procedure for the hearing. The Respondent signed the Order of Procedure on April 18, On April 18 and 19, 2012, the hearing was held at the CAS Headquarters. The Parties counsel were present and the following persons were examined during the hearing: - Mr. Blatter (by video), FIFA President. - Mr. Flynn (in person), member of the Freeh Group. - Mr. Joseph (by phone), former President of the Grenada Football Association. - Mr. Hinds (by phone), General Secretary of the Barbados Football Association. - Mr. Forde (by phone), Executive member of the Barbados Football Association. - Mr. Klass (in person), former President of the Guyana Football Federation - Ms. Kanhai (in person), former Secretary General of the CFU. - Mr. Lunn (in person), Executive Vice-President of the Bahamas Football Association. - Mr. Sealey (in person), President of the Bahamas Football Association. - Mr. Sabir (in person), Secretary General of the Bermuda Football Association. 64. During the hearing, the Panel and the Respondent unsuccessfully tried to contact Mr. Frederick, former first Vice-President of the Cayman Islands Football Association. At the end of the first day of the hearing, the Respondent informed the Panel that Mr. Frederick had contacted them to inform them that he would not appear to the hearing.13 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page The Panel and the Parties also agreed to the filing of post-hearing briefs. 66. The Parties confirmed that their right to be heard had been fully respected. 67. On April 20, 2012, the Respondent requested the CAS Secretariat to provide a copy of the audio recording of the hearing. 68. On April 24, 2012, the CAS Secretariat sent a copy of the requested recording to the Parties and to the Panel. 69. On May 1, 2012, the Respondent informed that the Parties had agreed upon a proposed extension of one week to file the post-hearing submissions, initially scheduled by May 3, 2012, as well as a similar extension for the Appellant to provide copies of the English language translations of the Swiss law decisions submitted during the hearing on April 19, On May 2, 2012, the CAS Secretariat acknowledged receipt of the Respondent s communication and confirmed, on behalf of the Panel, that the deadline to provide post-hearing submissions had been extended until May 10, On May 10, 2012, both Parties filed their respective post-hearing submissions. 72. On May 18, 2012, the Appellant objected to the Respondent s post-hearing submission on the grounds that it went beyond the Panel s instructions given at the hearing, as it included a new legal opinion and five new documentary exhibits. 73. On May 23, 2012, the Respondent declared that there was no valid basis for the Appellant s objection to its post hearing submission, given that it had proved that the circumstances in this case were exceptional, justifying permission for its approach pursuant to Article R56 of the CAS Code, and considering that its right of defense would be infringed if the Panel was to deny it an opportunity to answer the new points which had been raised by the Panel s questions in the hearing. 74. On May 25, 2012, the CAS Secretariat informed the Parties, on behalf of the Panel, that, following the Parties latest correspondence on the Respondent s post-hearing submission, the Panel considered that such submission did not go beyond the instructions given at the hearing and that it had therefore decided to admit it. 75. By letter dated July 17, 2012, the Respondent submitted a request to (i) introduce new evidence (a Report by PricewaterhouseCoopers (hereinafter, PWC ) dated July 13, 2012) and (ii) stay the arbitration proceedings. The Appellant, by letter of the same14 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page 14 date, objected to the Respondent s requests. The Panel carefully reviewed the material and decided to reject the request, for the following reasons: i. The Respondent s submission was made two days before the date of notification of the present award (at a time when the parties had already been informed of the date of notification) and well after the evidentiary proceedings had been closed. The Panel notes that the investigations addressed in the PWC Report relating to Mr. Bin Hammam s personal accounts could have been performed earlier in the framework of the FIFA disciplinary proceedings that led to the dispute being heard by this Panel. Accordingly it cannot be said that there were exceptional circumstances within the meaning of Article R56 of the CAS Code that might entitle the Respondent to introduce new evidence. ii. iii. iv. The PWC Report refers to certain AFC transactions, accounting practices and contracts negotiated while Mr. Bin Hammam served as president of the AFC. These matters do not appear to be directly in issue in relation to the facts that surrounded the Congress held in Trinidad and Tobago of May 10-11, As a result, the Panel considers that the material contained in the Report is unlikely to have an impact on the assessment of the facts before it. The Panel notes that the Respondent refers to a bank transfer of USD 1 million, the same amount that is the subject of these proceedings, and that is said to correspond approximately to USD 40,000 paid to each of 25 CFU officials. The Panel reviewed the material set out in the PWC Report and accompanying documents, including alleged movements in, and the balance of, Mr. Bin Hammam s personal account and concludes that such amount cannot prima facie be considered as having any relationship with the monies offered on May 10, The Panel further notes that the Respondent did not submit direct evidence related to the present case, but only materials that are tendered to justify a stay in order to allow it to be able to obtain further evidence that is directly related to this case. The Panel considers that it would not be appropriate to further delay these proceedings on the basis of evidence tendered on the basis of a mere suspicion or possibility that new evidence may be found.15 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page In sum, the Panel rejects the Respondent s requests to admit the PWC Report and accompanying documents as new evidence and to stay the arbitration proceedings, because the conditions of Article R56 of the CAS Code are not met, the PWC Report does not have prima facie a relationship with the dispute before this Panel, and because the Respondent s request for a stay has been made on the basis of a mere suspicion. 77. In the event new evidence relating to the PWC Report or to any other kind of evidence related to the present case is discovered and without prejudice to the principle of res judicata and other principles of applicable law, it would still be possible to re-open this case. IV. OUTLINE OF THE PARTIES POSITIONS 78. The following summaries are indicative of the Parties respective positions, and are not intended to provide an exhaustive or comprehensive account of every contention put forward by the Parties. The Panel wishes to make it clear that it has carefully considered and taken into account in its discussions and subsequent deliberations the complete record before it, including all pleadings, evidence and arguments submitted by the Parties. 1. The Appellant 79. The Appellant challenges the Decision. 80. He alleges that FIFA has disregarded the principle of due process in reaching its decision to sanction him. 81. The Appellant submits that, from the very beginning of the proceedings (i.e. the letter dated July 14, 2011, to the FIFA Ethics Committee), he demanded that the FIFA Ethics and Appeal Committees should apply the standards of due process as guaranteed in the European Convention of Human Rights (hereinafter, ECHR ), Swiss law and general principles of sports law. However, the Appellant alleges that this request was rejected. 82. The Appellant affirms that the standards of due process must be applied because of (i) the nature of the gravity of the allegation made in this case, (ii) the extremely severe consequences arising from a public finding of bribery by a body such as FIFA,16 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page 16 including a life ban from all football activities and the destruction of the reputation of the accused, and (iii) the fact that the consequence of the proceeding against Mr. Bin Hammam was that the incumbent president won the election unopposed. 83. The Appellant considers that the principle of due process set forth in the ECHR applies to FIFA, even if it is not a state, since it is the private regulator of football in many countries that are signatories of the ECHR, including Switzerland, where FIFA is based. The Appellant states that the European Court of Human Rights has ruled that a private body, such as FIFA, that undertakes the role of a tribunal to the exclusion of state courts, must comply with Article 6 ECHR. In this case, FIFA took a decision affecting Mr. Bin Hammam s civil rights, and adjudicated on a criminal charge, namely bribery. Thus, FIFA is bound to apply ECHR principles. 84. Further, the Appellant alleges that CAS jurisprudence has long recognized that it must apply the standards of the ECHR. Moreover, it considers that the relevant provisions of the ECHR form part of the lex sportiva or lex ludica recognized by the CAS. Therefore, by rejecting the principles of Article 6, the FIFA Ethics and Appeal Committees committed a grave violation of the principles of the lex sportiva which CAS jurisprudence demands that they apply. 85. The Appellant considers that FIFA s status as a private body under Swiss law is not an argument to avoid the application of ECHR principles. The Appellant points out that Switzerland is a party to the ECHR, so Swiss Courts are bound to apply ECHR jurisprudence. Further, the Appellant states that FIFA is an association under Swiss law, and, consequently, its Statutes of Association must comply with mandatory rules of law, which include those set out in the ECHR. Finally, the Appellant states that FIFA occupies a dominant position and its exercise of the right to adjudicate the case against Mr. Bin Hammam is a use of its dominant position, so it must exercise its right reasonably, proportionately and complying with the principles of due process. 86. The Appellant alleges that the following principles that are part of the due process have been infringed by the FIFA: 1.1. Independence and impartiality 87. The Appellant states that the bodies that purported to adjudge the charges against Mr. Bin Hammam were not independent or impartial.17 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page The Appellant states that the FIFA Ethics and Appeal Committees are appointed by the FIFA Executive Committee, chaired by Mr. Blatter, and composed of his close associates, who deal with the compensation of the committee members and its staff. 89. The Appellant considers that the FIFA Ethics Committee lacked impartiality because it was chaired by Judge Damaseb, who had made strong findings and expressed strident conclusions about the guilt of the Appellant in the motivated decision affirming the provisional ban of Mr. Bin Hammam. Judge Damaseb also participated in a media conference announcing the provisional ban immediately after the May 29, 2011, hearing in a manner that suggested his alignment with the FIFA Secretariat. 90. Accordingly, the Appellant considers that Judge Damaseb had already made up his mind affirming the provisional ban. Further, he associated himself with the FIFA Secretariat when he appeared with the FIFA General Secretary, Mr. Valcke, at the media conference on May 29, 2011, when the ban was announced, and expressed his silent assent while the FIFA General Secretary boasted of having received new evidence supposedly confirming the guilt of Mr. Bin Hammam. 91. Further, the Appellant stresses that the impartiality of Judge Damaseb was at issue in this case in light of the circumstances identified above, and points to several judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in which judges had formerly decided pretrial issues. Further, the Appellant asserts that the FIFA Ethics Committee decided the case based on the personal conviction of its members and that Judge Damaseb had already expressed his personal conviction. Thus, the Appellant submits that Judge Damaseb should have stepped aside. 92. The Appellant submits that the FIFA Appeal Committee procedure did not cure this defect, since it simply stated that it was not persuaded of the concurrence of bias, and in any event the decision issued by the FIFA Appeal Committee cured any error committed by the FIFA Ethics Committee Failure to specify charges 93. The Appellant asserts that he was not informed properly of the case against him. In the Appellant s view, FIFA never provided him with a pre-hearing statement of the charges against him that unambiguously explained (i) the specific instances in which his particular conduct is alleged to have violated FIFA rules, (ii) the supporting18 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page 18 evidence, and (iii) the proposed interpretation of the rules on which the accusations were based. Instead, FIFA made broad assertions about the Appellant s conduct at the CFU meeting in Trinidad and Tobago on May 10, The Appellant argues that due process requires that an accusation be specified before the hearing. This did not happen because the FIFA Ethics Committee decision explained for the first time in the course of the proceedings the evidence and interpretations of the rules on which the FIFA Ethics Committee relied upon, and how these interpretations applied to the charges. Moreover, the Appellant should have been given notice of those interpretations to enable him to counter them before the issuance of the FIFA Ethics Committee decision Reliance on unreliable witness evidence not tested by cross-examination 94. The Appellant states that a basic principle of due process is the right of an accused to have the opportunity to test the evidence of any material witness against him, and the decision made in this case violated this principle. 95. The Appellant asserts that, at the preliminary suspension hearing of May 29, 2011, the FIFA Ethics Committee conducted a secret evidentiary hearing with Mr. Blazer and Mr. Collins, and then relied upon their evidence, which was not tested by the Appellant. In addition, the Appellant challenges the FIFA Ethics Committee decision, on the grounds that it placed any reliance upon a statement of Mr. Jack Warner, at the ex parte meeting. In this regard, the Appellant states that such an evidence was unreliable because it contradicted other statements made by the same witness, and because such evidence which the FIFA Ethics Committee relied upon had not been tested (despite of Mr. Bin Hammam s objection to proceed without testing the evidence). Further, the Appellant asserts that there was no attempt by FIFA to make Mr. Warner available at the FIFA Appeal Committee. 96. Finally, the Appellant states that the FIFA Ethics Committee decision also relies on the various out-of-court statements of Mr. Blazer, despite the fact that his testimony has been condemned as false and fabricated by the New York Federal Court. The Appellant alleges that he objected to such an approach on the basis that there should be a genuine cross-examination of Mr. Blazer with respect to his extensive financial transactions with the CFU and Mr. Warner. However, the Appellant objects that when these subjects were treated during a phone interview (because an arrangement for19 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page 19 videoconference with counsel of Mr. Bin Hammam in the same room as Mr. Blazer could not be made), the FIFA Appeal Committee prevented that line of inquiry and ruled that it would not accept any further documentation or other evidence about such transactions. 97. For these reasons, the Appellant asserts that the FIFA Ethics and Appeal Committees based their decisions on untested evidence, resulting in an infringement of the principles reflected in Article 6 ECHR Application of an erroneous standard of proof effectively shifting the burden to the accused 98. The Appellant complains about the standard of proof applied in this case by the FIFA Ethics and Appeal Committees, on the grounds that they applied a subjective, unreviewable standard. In this regard, the Appellant enumerates four reasons why the FIFA Committees behavior violated his fundamental rights: o The FIFA Committees misapplied Article 97 of the FIFA Disciplinary Code (hereinafter, FDC ), because this article refers to absolute discretion in referring to independence from outside influence, not to the standard of proof. o Until the FIFA Ethics Committee issued its decision, it was assumed that FIFA would apply a strict standard of proof, since Mr. Blatter had publicly stated that nobody is guilty until a judge has found him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. o The minimum standard of proof in CAS cases involving serious sanctions has been described as a comfortable satisfaction that the evidence established guilt. o FIFA s acceptance of absolute discretion and personal convictions as an evidentiary standard of proof is contrary to the standards of due process, since it disregards that FIFA has the burden of proof under both Articles 99 FDC and 6(2) ECHR, which was transferred to Mr. Bin Hammam, as demonstrated by findings based on speculation, inferences and observations that Mr. Bin Hammam should have offered exculpatory evidence.20 CAS 2011/A/2625 Mohamed Bin Hammam v/ FIFA Page The multiple leaks of confidential information prejudiced Mr. Bin Hammam s right to a fair hearing 99. The Appellant has objected to the leaks to the media of selected information and evidence, such as the Collins Report, the Freeh Group Report and quotes from FIFA insiders stating that the investigative reports confirmed the inevitability of Mr. Bin Hammam s conviction and lifetime ban The Appellant states that the FIFA Ethics Committee dismissed complaints about the leaks and that the FIFA Appeal Committee also dismissed Mr. Bin Hammam s appeal about the leaks. This was done on the basis that he failed to establish that FIFA was the source of the leaks, that there was any evidence that the leaks had influenced one or more members of the FIFA Ethics Committee, and because there was no evidence that Mr. Bin Hammam was prejudiced by the leaks Further, the Appellant asserts that he was prejudiced by the leaks in another way. He asserts that the FIFA Ethics Committee criticized him for not attending the hearing and drawing adverse inferences. However, the reason for such absence was Mr. Bin Hammam s concerns about giving more information that could be selectively leaked to his detriment. If FIFA had followed its own rules to protect the confidentiality of information, the Appellant s rights would have not been impaired The wrong application of its owns rules 102. The Appellant further criticizes FIFA s arbitrary, inconsistent and unprincipled approach to its own rules First, FIFA charged Mr. Bin Hammam with violations of Article 62 FDC, even though the FDC allegedly does not apply to him since he is not within any category of persons subject to the FDC, pursuant to Article 3 FDC. He cannot be considered an official pursuant to the definition under Article 5 FDC. The Appellant, however, considers that the reasoning followed by the FIFA Ethics Committee to find him subject to the FDC rationae personae was tortuous. The Appellant considers that the FDC was not intended to govern high ranking officials of FIFA, who are governed by the FCE Second, the Appellant complains about the broad interpretation that FIFA has adopted of Articles 9 and 10 FCE, which apply only while officials are performing their duties. In the Appellant s view, he was not performing any of his duties when he travelled to View more
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