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18 Reference values for illumination
The binding DIN and EN standards are published by Beuth Verlag, Berlin.
Basic illumination standards
“Light and lighting – Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements”
“Light and lighting – Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires – Part 2: Presentation of data for indoor and outdoor work places”
“Light and lighting – Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires – Part 3: Presentation of data for emergency lighting of work places”
“Light and lighting – Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires – Part 4: LED lamps, modules and luminaires”
“Angewandte Lichttechnik – Notbeleuchtung”
“Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)”
“Luminaires – Part 1: General requirements and tests”
“Provisions for the erection of low-voltage electrical installations”
Standards for outdoors
“Light and lighting - Sports lighting”
“Light and lighting - Lighting of work places,
Part 2: Outdoor work places”
“Road lighting”
“Lighting of pedestrian crossings with additional lighting”
“Lighting of road tunnels and underpasses”
“Technical rules for work places”
“Daylight in interiors”
“Lighting with artificial light”
Part 1: Indoor work places”
“Energy performance of buildings – Energy requirements for lighting”
Rule BGR 131 adopted by German statutory accident insurance institutions
“Natural and artificial work place lighting”
DIN EN 12464-2 · Outdoor work places
“Light and lighting - Lighting of work places, Part 2”
Type of area for the visual task or activity
General traffic areas for outdoor work places
Footpaths, for pedestrians only 5 0.25 50 —
Traffic areas for slowly moving vehicles (max. 10 kph) 10 0.40 50 —
Regular vehicular traffic (max. 40 kph), pedestrian passages 20 0.40 45 —
Loading and unloading points, vehicle turning points 50 0.40 50 —
Industrial installations and storage areas
Brief handling of large components and raw materials, loading and unloading of bulky goods 20 0.25 50 20
Constant handling of large components and raw materials, loading and unloading of freight, operating areas of cranes, open loading platforms 50 0.40 50 20
Reading labels, covered loading platforms, use of tools 100 0.60 45 40
Demanding work in the fields of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and inspections 200 0.50 45 60
Railway areas for light railways, trams, very small railways, underground railways
Tracks in passenger transport areas, sidings 10 0.25 50 20
Footpaths 20 0.40 50 20
Access tunnels 50 0.40 50 20
Stairs in small and medium-sized railway stations 50 0.40 45 40
Stairs in large railway stations 100 0.50 45 40
Uncovered platforms, local and regional traffic 15 0.25 50 20
Uncovered platforms, long-distance traffic 50 0.40 45 20
Covered platforms, regional traffic and long-distance traffic with small numbers of passengers 50 0.40 45 40
Covered platforms, long-distance traffic 100 0.50 45 40
Car parks for shops, terraced houses and
apartment blocks, parking areas for bicycles 5 0.25 55 —
Car parks for department stores, office buildings,
factories, sports facilities and multi-purpose halls 10 0.25 50 —
Car parks for schools, churches, large shopping centres,
large sports facilities and multi-purpose halls 20 0.25 50 —
DIN EN 12464-1 · Indoor work places
“Light and lighting - Lighting of work places, Part 1”
Type of indoor room, area for the visual task or activity
Office work 500 19 0.4
Meeting rooms 300 19 0.6
Reception desk 300 22 0.6
Archives 200 25 0.4
Entrance halls 100 22 0.4
Cloakrooms 200 25 0.4
Waiting rooms 200 22 0.4
Cash desks and counters 300 22 0.6
Canteens 200 22 0.4
Kitchens 500 22 0.6
Rest areas 100 22 0.4
Dressing rooms and washrooms, toilets, bathrooms 200 25 0.4
Mail rooms, switchboard workplaces 500 19 0.6
Storage rooms ( Ē = 200 lx if permanently occupied ) 100 25 0.4
Shipping and packaging areas 300 25 0.6
Traffic zones and general areas
Traffic areas and corridors 100 28 0.4
Stairs 100 25 0.4
Escalators, moving walkways 100 25 0.4
Counter areas, station concourses 200 28 0.5
Fully enclosed platforms (small number of persons) 100 — 0.4
Fully enclosed platforms (large number of persons) 200 — 0.5
Elevators (in front of the elevator Emin = 200 lx) 100 25 0.4
Loading ramps, loading zones 150 25 0.4
Lanes 75 25 0.4
Car parks and parking spaces 75 25 0.4
Entrances and exits during the night 75 25 0.4
Entrances and exits during the day 300 25 0.4
Counters 300 25 0.6
Maintained illuminance according to DIN EN 13201
Lighting values for roads with traffic according to ME and CE illumination classes
ME 1 2.0 0.4 0.7 10 0.5 CE 1 30 0.4
ME 2 1.5 0.4 0.7 10 0.5 CE 2 20 0.4
ME 3a 1.0 0.4 0.7 15 0.5 CE 3 15 0.4
ME 3b 1.0 0.4 0.6 15 0.5
ME 3c 1.0 0.4 0.5 15 0.5
ME 4a 0.75 0.4 0.6 15 0.5 CE 4 10 0.4
ME 4b 0.75 0.4 0.5 15 0.5
ME 5 0.5 0.35 0.4 15 0.5 CE 5 7.5 0.4
ME 6 0.3 0.35 0.4 15 0.5
Maintained illuminance of the average luminance on the carriageway, below which illuminance must not fall at any time.
Maintained illuminance of the average degree of illuminance on the carriageway, below which illuminance must not fall at any time.
Total uniformity, relationship between the lowest luminance (or degree of illuminance) and the average value on the surface of the carriageway.
Longitudinal uniformity, relationship between the lowest and the highest luminance on the centre line of a traffic lane.
Increase in threshold value, measure of the loss of visibility of a visual object as a result of physiological glare caused by excessively bright luminaires.
Environment illuminance ratio to improve spatial orientation, so that the areas beside the carriageway, if not illuminated themselves, are still recognisable.
In DIN EN 13201-2 the pedestrian crossing is treated in the appendix, and at the same time reference is made to the national standards of individual countries.For Germany, compliance with the guidelines for the construction and equipment of pedestrian crossings (R-FGÜ 2001) and DIN 67523 “Lighting of pedestrian crossings (sign 293 of the German road traffic ordinance StVO) with additional lighting is required:If the existing road lighting does not reach the values required in the standards, additional, permanent illumination must be installed.For the uniform evaluation of the illumination in the region of pedestrian crossings, a rectangular horizontal evaluation field is agreed.
• Maintained illuminance of at least 30 lx (average vertical illuminance) must be reached on the centre axis at defined points at a height of 1 m.
• The value must not fall below 4 lx (minimum vertical illuminance) at any of the evaluation points defined in the evaluation field, or in the waiting zone at a distance of 1 m from the road.
The illumination must illuminate the pedestrian crossing and the adjacent waiting zones “in the respective direction of travel” – illumination directly over the centre axis of the crossing is not permitted. A light colour that differs from the general road lighting increases attention.Unlike road lighting, the illumination at the pedestrian crossing must not be switched off during the hours of darkness. 100 m before and after the pedestrian crossing, the luminance of the road must be at least 0.3 cd/m2. If required, the level of existing road lighting must be raised accordingly. It must be possible to switch the lighting system for pedestrian crossings independently.
for pedestrian and cyclist areas according to lighting classes S and A
Degree of horizontal illuminance (Eh)
Class Average degree of illuminance
Ēh [lx] Minimum degree of illuminance
S3 7.5 1.5
S5 3 0.6
S6 2 0.6
S7 Indeterminate requirement Indeterminate requirement
Semi-spherical degree of illuminance (Ehs)
Ēhs [lx] Total uniformity
A1 5 0.15
A2 3 0.15
A3 2 0.15
A4 1.5 0.15
A5 1 0.15
A6 Indeterminate requirement Indeterminate requirement
according to illumination classes ES and EV
Semi-cylindrical (Ehz) and vertical (Ev) degree of illuminance
Class Ehz [lx] Class Ev [lx]
ES2 7.5 EV2 3
ES3 5 EV3 1.5
ES5 2 EV5 0.6
ES6 1.5 EV6 —
ES8 0.75
ES9 0.5
DIN EN 12193 · Sports lighting
DIN EN 12193 Sports lighting defines the minimum lighting requirements in tables for all sports. Apart from the tabular information, the standard specifies further quality requirements for each sport:for the colour rendering of the lamps and the reference areas which apply for all requirements in the table. It also defines grid points for the reference areas where calculation or measuring points are to be located.
The reference areas assigned to each sport are divided into
• Principal area PA and
• Total area TA
The requirements concerning the degree of illuminance and its uniformity apply mainly to the principal area of the sport.
Three illumination classes
A soccer game by a youth team needs less light than a game by the national team. For the various requirements of the players as well as for the spectators, DIN EN 12193 has introduced three illumination classes: The higher the competition level and the further the spectators are from the events on the field, the higher the illumination class must be.
Illumination class I
Top competitions, top performance training; spectators: long distance from the sports event
Illumination class II
Medium level competitions, medium performance training; spectators: medium distance from the sports event
Illumination class III
Simple competitions (usually without spectators), general training, general school and amateur sports
Degree of horizontal illuminance
Athletics I 500 0.7 50
II 200 0.5 55
III 100 0.5 55
Tennis I 500 0.7 50
II 300 0.7 50
III 200 0.6 55
Soccer I 500 0.7 50
II 200 0.6 50
III 75 0.5 55
facilities I 500 0.7 50
III 200 0.5 55
General sports halls
Soccer I 750 0.7
II 500 0.7
Riding I 500 0.7
II 300 0.6
Tennis I 750 0.7
III 300 0.5
platform diving I 500 0.7
Uniform illumination of the hall is important for a good view of the entire playing field. Special features of the individual types of sports must be taken into account. For school sports with training, maintained illuminance of 200 lx and uniformity of 0.5 are generally required.
Electrical safety, protection classes, safety classes Definitions