Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US20080089053?dq=5008718
Timestamp: 2016-07-28 00:07:15
Document Index: 127202999

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

Patent US20080089053 - Lighting device and method of making same - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA lighting device comprising a light emitter chip, a reflective cup and a lumiphor positioned between the chip and the cup. Also, a lighting device comprising a light emitter chip, a wire bonded to a first surface of the chip and a lumiphor which faces a second surface of the chip. Also, a lighting device...http://www.google.com/patents/US20080089053?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20080089053 - Lighting device and method of making sameAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20080089053 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/870,679Publication dateApr 17, 2008Filing dateOct 11, 2007Priority dateOct 12, 2006Also published asCN101558501A, CN101558501B, EP2074665A2, US8994045, WO2008045927A2, WO2008045927A3Publication number11870679, 870679, US 2008/0089053 A1, US 2008/089053 A1, US 20080089053 A1, US 20080089053A1, US 2008089053 A1, US 2008089053A1, US-A1-20080089053, US-A1-2008089053, US2008/0089053A1, US2008/089053A1, US20080089053 A1, US20080089053A1, US2008089053 A1, US2008089053A1InventorsGerald NegleyOriginal AssigneeLed Lighting Fixtures, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (29), Referenced by (173), Classifications (16), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetLighting device and method of making same
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0109] The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. However, this invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. As used herein the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. [0110] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. [0111] The expression “lighting device”, as used herein, is not limited, except that it is capable of emitting light. That is, a lighting device can be a device which illuminates an area or volume, e.g., a structure, a swimming pool or spa, a room, a warehouse, an indicator, a road, a parking lot, a vehicle, signage, e.g., road signs, a billboard, a ship, a toy, a mirror, a vessel, an electronic device, a boat, an aircraft, a stadium, a computer, a remote audio device, a remote video device, a cell phone, a tree, a window, an LCD display, a cave, a tunnel, a yard, a lamppost, or a device or array of devices that illuminate an enclosure, or a device that is used for edge or back-lighting (e.g., back light poster, signage, LCD displays), bulb replacements (e.g., for replacing AC incandescent lights, low voltage lights, fluorescent lights, etc.), lights used for outdoor lighting, lights used for security lighting, lights used for exterior residential lighting (wall mounts, post/column mounts), ceiling fixtures/wall sconces, under cabinet lighting, lamps (floor and/or table and/or desk), landscape lighting, track lighting, task lighting, specialty lighting, ceiling fan lighting, archival/art display lighting, high vibration/impact lighting—work lights, etc., mirrors/vanity lighting, or any other light emitting device. [0112] The present invention further relates to an illuminated enclosure (the volume of which can be illuminated uniformly or non-uniformly), comprising an enclosed space and at least one lighting device according to the present invention, wherein the lighting device illuminates at least a portion of the enclosure (uniformly or non-uniformly). [0113] The present invention is further directed to an illuminated area, comprising at least one item, e.g., selected from among the group consisting of a structure, a swimming pool or spa, a room, a warehouse, an indicator, a road, a parking lot, a vehicle, signage, e.g., road signs, a billboard, a ship, a toy, a mirror, a vessel, an electronic device, a boat, an aircraft, a stadium, a computer, a remote audio device, a remote video device, a cell phone, a tree, a window, an LCD display, a cave, a tunnel, a yard, a lamppost, etc., having mounted therein or thereon at least one lighting device as described herein. [0114] The expression “illumination” (or “illuminated”), as used herein when referring to a solid state light emitter, means that at least some current is being supplied to the solid state light emitter to cause the solid state light emitter to emit at least some light. The expression “illuminated” encompasses situations where the solid state light emitter emits light continuously or intermittently at a rate such that a human eye would perceive it as emitting light continuously, or where a plurality of solid state light emitters of the same color or different colors are emitting light intermittently and/or alternatingly (with or without overlap in “on” times) in such a way that a human eye would perceive them as emitting light continuously (and, in cases where different colors are emitted, as a mixture of those colors). [0115] The expression “excited”, as used herein when referring to a lumiphor, means that at least some electromagnetic radiation (e.g., visible light, UV light or infrared light) is contacting the lumiphor, causing the lumiphor to emit at least some light. The expression “excited” encompasses situations where the lumiphor emits light continuously or intermittently at a rate such that a human eye would perceive it as emitting light continuously, or where a plurality of lumiphors of the same color or different colors are emitting light intermittently and/or alternatingly (with or without overlap in “on” times) in such a way that a human eye would perceive them as emitting light continuously (and, in cases where different colors are emitted, as a mixture of those colors). [0116] The expression “the first lumiphor surrounds the first solid state light emitter chip”, and the like, as used herein, means that the first lumiphor encompasses the first solid state light emitter chip three-dimensionally (and is not necessarily in contact with the first solid state light emitter chip), i.e., in order for light emitted by the first solid state light emitter chip to escape the lighting device, such light must pass through the first lumiphor. [0117] The expression “mounted on”, as used herein, means that the first structure which is “mounted on” a second structure can be in contact with the second structure, or can be separated from the second structure by one or more intervening structures (each side, of opposite sides, of which is in contact with the first structure, the second structure or one of the intervening structures). [0118] The expression “in contact with”, as used in the present specification (including in the preceding paragraph), means that the first structure which is “in contact with” a second structure can be in direct contact with the second structure, or can be separated from the second structure by one or more intervening structures (i.e., in indirect contact), where the first and second structures, and the one or more intervening structures each have at least one surface which is in direct contact with another surface selected from among surfaces of the first and second structures and surfaces of the one or more intervening structures. [0119] When an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to herein as being “on” or extending “onto” another element, it can be directly on or extend directly onto the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to herein as being “directly on” or extending “directly onto” another element, there are no intervening elements present. Also, when an element is referred to herein as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to herein as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. [0120] A statement herein that two components in a device are “electrically connected,” means that there are no components electrically between the components, the insertion of which materially affect the function or functions provided by the device. For example, two components can be referred to as being electrically connected, even though they may have a small resistor between them which does not materially affect the function or functions provided by the device (indeed, a wire connecting two components can be thought of as a small resistor); likewise, two components can be referred to as being electrically connected, even though they may have an additional electrical component between them which allows the device to perform an additional function, while not materially affecting the function or functions provided by a device which is identical except for not including the additional component; similarly, two components which are directly connected to each other, or which are directly connected to opposite ends of a wire or a trace on a circuit board or another medium, are electrically connected. [0121] Although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, sections and/or parameters, these elements, components, regions, layers, sections and/or parameters should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention. [0122] Furthermore, relative terms, such as “lower” or “bottom” and “upper” or “top,” may be used herein to describe one element's relationship to another elements as illustrated in the Figures. Such relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures. For example, if the device in the Figures is turned over, elements described as being on the “lower” side of other elements would then be oriented on “upper” sides of the other elements. The exemplary term “lower”, can therefore, encompass both an orientation of “lower” and “upper,” depending on the particular orientation of the figure. Similarly, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would then be oriented “above” the other elements. The exemplary terms “below” or “beneath” can, therefore, encompass both an orientation of above and below. [0123] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. It will also be appreciated by those of skill in the art that references to a structure or feature that is disposed “adjacent” another feature may have portions that overlap or underlie the adjacent feature. [0124] As noted above, in some aspects, the present invention provides a lighting device which comprises at least a first solid state light emitter chip and at least a first phosphor. In some embodiments, the lighting devices further comprise at least one reflective cup and/or at least one wire. [0125] Any desired solid state light emitter chip or chips, e.g., an LED chip or LED chips, can be employed in accordance with the present invention. Persons of skill in the art are aware of, and have ready access to, a wide variety of such solid state light emitter chips. Such solid state light emitter chips include inorganic and organic light emitters, a variety of each of which are well-known in the art (and therefore it is not necessary to describe in detail such devices, and/or the materials out of which such devices are made). [0126] Where more than one solid state light emitter chips are present, the respective solid state light emitter chips can be similar to one another, different from one another or any combination. [0127] Representative examples of suitable LEDs are described in: [0128] (1) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/753,138, filed on Dec. 22, 2005, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—003 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/614,180, filed Dec. 21, 2006; [0129] (2) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/794,379, filed on Apr. 24, 2006, entitled “Shifting Spectral Content in LEDs by Spatially Separating Lumiphor Films” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—006 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/624,811, filed Jan. 19, 2007; [0130] (3) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,702, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—009 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/751,982, filed May 22, 2007; [0131] (4) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/808,925, filed on May 26, 2006, entitled “solid state Light Emitting Device and Method of Making Same” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Neal Hunter; attorney docket number 931—010 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/753,103, filed May 24, 2007; [0132] (5) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/802,697, filed on May 23, 2006, entitled “Lighting Device and Method of Making” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—011 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/751,990, filed May 22, 2007; [0133] (6) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/839,453, filed on Aug. 23, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—034 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; [0134] (7) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/857,305, filed on Nov. 7, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—027 PRO, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; [0135] (8) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/851,230, filed on Oct. 12, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—041 PRO, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. [0136] In some embodiments, the solid state light emitter chip comprises a substrate made of sapphire (e.g., a sapphire based InGaN chip, in which, for example, a GaN-based LED structure is grown on a sapphire chip). Such an solid state light emitter chip is especially suitable for use as a lateral (non-vertical) chip (i.e., a chip in which the positive and negative electrical connections are not made on opposite sides of the chip, e.g., they are both made on one side of the chip), as typical phosphors for making “phosphor converted” LEDs (PC-LEDs) have an index of refraction similar to that of the sapphire substrate. In such embodiments, it is believed that owing to the fact that the phosphor has a similar index of refraction as the sapphire, the extraction (with minimal reflection) is improved (for the blue light). The reflection coefficient, R, is equal to (n1 2−n2 2)/(n1 2+n2 2), where the total reflection is the square of this coefficient (e.g., R2+T2=1, assuming no absorption). [0137] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first solid state light emitter chip has a first solid state light emitter chip first surface and a first solid state light emitter chip second surface, and the first solid state light emitter chip first surface and the first solid state light emitter chip second surface are on opposite sides of the first solid state light emitter chip. By “opposite” is meant that a first plane, which includes at least three points on the first surface, and a second plane, which includes at least three points on the second surface, define an angle of not more than 20 degrees (i.e., a line on the first plane which is perpendicular to a line along which the first plane intersects, if at all, the second plane, and a line on the second plane which is also perpendicular to that line, define an angle of not more than 20 degrees). [0138] The expression “lumiphor”, as used herein, refers to any luminescent element, i.e., any element which includes a luminescent material. [0139] The lumiphor or lumiphors can individually be any lumiphor, a wide variety of which are known to those skilled in the art. For example, the one or more luminescent materials in the lumiphor can be selected from among phosphors, scintillators, day glow tapes, inks which glow in the visible spectrum upon illumination with ultraviolet light, etc. The one or more luminescent materials can be down-converting or up-converting, or can include a combination of both types. For example, the first lumiphor can comprise one or more down-converting luminescent materials. [0140] The (or each of the) lumiphor(s) can, if desired, further comprise one or more highly transmissive (e.g., transparent or substantially transparent, or somewhat diffuse) binder, e.g., made of epoxy, silicone, glass, metal oxide or any other suitable material (for example, in any given lumiphor comprising one or more binder, one or more phosphor can be dispersed within the one or more binder). In general, the thicker the lumiphor, the lower the weight percentage of the phosphor can be, i.e., depending on the overall thickness of the lumiphor, the weight percentage of the phosphor could be generally any value, e.g., from 0.1 weight percent to 100 weight percent (e.g., a lumiphor formed by subjecting pure phosphor to a hot isostatic pressing procedure). [0141] The (or each of the) lumiphor(s) can, independently, further comprise any of a number of well-known additives, e.g., diffusers, scatterers, tints, etc. [0142] Representative examples of suitable lumiphors are described in the patent applications referred to above and incorporated herein by reference, and in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/839,453, filed on Aug. 23, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—034 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/843,243, filed Aug. 22, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference. [0143] As noted above, in some embodiments according to the present invention, one or more lumiphors are spaced from one or more solid state light emitter chips. Representative examples of spacings, and relative spacings based on geometrical considerations, are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/753,138 (discussed above), filed on Dec. 22, 2005, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—003 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/614,180, filed Dec. 21, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference. [0144] In addition, as noted above, in some embodiments according to the present invention, a size of a surface (or surfaces) of a lumiphor (or more than one lumiphor) which faces (in parallel or not in parallel) a surface (or surfaces) of an solid state light emitter chip (or more than one solid state light emitter chip) relative to the facing area of the solid state light emitter chip surface is as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/753,138 (discussed above), filed on Dec. 22, 2005, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—003 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/614,180, filed Dec. 21, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference. For example, in some embodiments, the surface area of the illumination surface of the solid state light emitter which faces the luminescent element is much smaller than the surface area of the luminescent element which faces the solid state light emitter, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/753,138, filed on Dec. 22, 2005. [0145] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first lumiphor first surface and the first lumiphor second surface are on opposite sides of the first lumiphor. Similar to above, by “opposite” is meant that a first plane, which includes at least three points on the first surface, and a second plane, which includes at least three points on the second surface, define an angle of not more than 20 degrees (i.e., a line on the first plane which is perpendicular to a line along which the first plane intersects, if at all, the second plane, and a line on the second plane which is also perpendicular to that line, define an angle of not more than 20 degrees). [0146] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first solid state light emitter chip second surface is in contact with the first lumiphor. [0147] The reflective cup can be of any desired shape, size and material. Persons of skill in the art are aware of, and have ready access to, a wide variety of such suitable shapes, sizes and materials for the reflective cup. [0148] The wire can be any suitable wire, suitable for conducting electricity, a wide variety of which are well-known to those skilled in the art. For example, a suitable wire can be copper wire of an appropriate gauge. [0149] The lighting devices of the present invention can be arranged, mounted and supplied with electricity in any desired manner, and can be mounted on any desired housing or fixture. Skilled artisans are familiar with a wide variety of arrangements, mounting schemes and power supplying apparatuses, and any such arrangements, schemes and apparatuses can be employed in connection with the present invention. [0150] For example, persons skilled in the art are very familiar with a variety of suitable leadframes, some of which comprise a pair of leads, one of which is integral with a reflective cup (as discussed above) which is in contact with a first region of the solid state light emitter chip (i.e., either its anode or its cathode), the other lead being connected to a wire (as discussed above) which is connected to a second region of the solid state light emitter chip (either its anode and cathode, whichever is not in the first region of the solid state light emitter chip). [0151] In addition, any desired circuitry can be employed in order to supply energy to the lighting devices according to the present invention. Representative examples of circuitry which may be used in practicing the present invention is described in: [0152] (1) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,753, filed on Dec. 21, 2005, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley, Antony Paul van de Ven and Neal Hunter; attorney docket number 931—002 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/613,692, filed Dec. 20, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference; [0153] (2) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/798,446, filed on May 5, 2006, entitled “Lighting Device” (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—008 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/743,754, filed May 3, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference; [0154] (3) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/809,959, filed on Jun. 1, 2006, entitled “Lighting Device With Cooling” (inventors: Thomas G. Coleman, Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven attorney docket number 931—007 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/626,483, filed Jan. 24, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference; [0155] (4) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/809,595, filed on May 31, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF LIGHTING” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—018 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/755,162, filed May 30, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference; [0156] (5) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/844,325, filed on Sep. 13, 2006, entitled “BOOST/FLYBACK POWER SUPPLY TOPOLOGY WITH LOW SIDE MOSFET CURRENT CONTROL” (inventor: Peter Jay Myers; attorney docket number 931—020 PRO), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/854,744, filed Sep. 13, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference. [0157] The lighting devices of the present invention can be electrically connected (or selectively connected) to any desired power source, persons of skill in the art being familiar with a variety of such power sources. [0158] In some embodiments of the present invention, the lighting devices further comprise an encapsulant region. Persons of skill in the art are familiar with, and have easy access to, a wide variety of materials which are suitable for use in making an encapsulant region for a packaged LED, and any such materials can, if desired, be employed. For example, two well-known representative classes of materials out of which the encapsulant region can be constructed include epoxies and silicones. [0159] Persons of skill in the art are also familiar with a wide variety of suitable shapes for the encapsulant region, and the encapsulant region(s) in the device according to the present invention can be of any such shape. Persons of skill in the art are also familiar with various ways to make a packaged device incorporating the various elements described herein in connection with the present invention. Accordingly, further description of materials for use in making the encapsulant region, shapes for the encapsulant region and methods of making the devices described herein is not needed. [0160] In some embodiments according to the present invention, a highly translucent or highly transparent (e.g., a structure which passes at least 80%, or at least 90%, of the incident light) material (e.g., a material which is used as an encapsulant in LED packaging) is positioned between the solid state light emitter chip and a second lumiphor (and/or one or more region of the first lumiphor). For example, persons of skill in the art are familiar with a wide variety of suitable materials, e.g., one or more silicone materials. [0161] The lighting devices according to the present invention can be made by any suitable process, a variety of which will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the information provided herein. [0162] For example, the following is a description of a representative method for making a lighting device according to the present invention. [0163] A leadframe may be made in any conventional configuration using any conventional techniques. The leadframe is preferably made of metal and may be stamped and optionally post-plated. The leadframe may also undergo optional ultrasonic or other cleaning. The leadframe includes the first and second leads and reflective elements (“cups”) for a plurality of LEDs. The reflective elements may be polished or plated to increase their reflectivity. [0164] Next, a first lumiphor composition (comprising binder and luminescent material) is deposited in each of the reflective cups to fill approximately one-third of the depth of the reflective cups, to form first lumiphors in each cup. [0165] Next, for each cup, one or more solid state light emitter chips are placed in the lumiphor composition, either while the first lumiphor composition is curing or after the lumiphor composition has cured (in which case regions must be formed in the cured first lumiphor composition to accommodate the solid state light emitter chips) such that substantially the entireties of all of the surfaces of the solid state light emitter chips, except for their top surfaces, is in contact with the first lumiphor (formed of the first lumiphor composition). [0166] Next, a clear fill composition (e.g., consisting essentially of an epoxy-based, silicone-based, glass-based and/or metal oxide-based material) is deposited in each of the cups to substantially fill the cups, and the clear fill composition is allowed to cure to form a clear fill region. [0167] Next, a second lumiphor composition (which may be the same or different from the first lumiphor composition) is deposited above the entirety of the cured clear fill composition in order to form second lumiphors above each cup. [0168] Next, the leadframe subassembly is inverted and register portions of the leadframe subassembly are inserted into mold cavities formed in a mold. [0169] Next, one or more encapsulant compositions are deposited in the mold to form one or more encapsulant regions. The lighting device can thus consist of a single encapsulant region or multiple encapsulant regions, e.g., as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/802,697, filed on May 23, 2006, entitled “Lighting Device and Method of Making” (inventor: Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—011 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/751,990, filed May 22, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference. [0170] Next, the nearly finished leadframe structure is ejected from the mold. An optional post-cure step may then be performed followed by an optional cleaning/deflash step. [0171] Next, singulation is performed, in which the bars are cut away from the finished leadframe assembly. [0172] Persons of skill in the art can readily perform any of the steps described above, and/or known variations thereof. In addition, several of the steps described above are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/802,697, filed on May 23, 2006, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/751,990, filed May 22, 2007 (both discussed above). [0173] In general, light of any number of colors can be mixed in the lighting devices according to the present invention, e.g., by selecting specific solid state light emitter chips and luminescent materials. Representative examples of blends of light colors are described in: [0174] (1) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,555, filed Dec. 21, 2005, entitled “Lighting Device and Lighting Method” (inventors: Antony Paul Van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—004 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/613,714, filed Dec. 20, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference; [0175] (2) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/752,556, filed on Dec. 21, 2005, entitled “SIGN AND METHOD FOR LIGHTING” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—005 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/613,733, filed Dec. 20, 2006, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference; [0176] (3) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/793,524, filed on Apr. 20, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—012 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/736,761, filed Apr. 18, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference; [0177] (4) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/793,518, filed on Apr. 20, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—013 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/736,799, filed Apr. 18, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference; [0178] (5) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/793,530, filed on Apr. 20, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Gerald H. Negley and Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—014 PRO) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/737,321, filed Apr. 19, 2007, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference; [0179] (6) U.S. Pat. No. 7,213,940, issued on May 8, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—035 NP), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; [0180] (7) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,134, filed on Dec. 1, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—035 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; [0181] (8) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,986, filed on Dec. 7, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—053 PRO), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; [0182] (9) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/857,305, filed on Nov. 7, 2006, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING METHOD” (inventors: Antony Paul van de Ven and Gerald H. Negley; attorney docket number 931—027 PRO, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference; and [0183] (10) U.S. Patent Application No. 60/891,148, filed on Feb. 22, 2007, entitled “LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHODS OF LIGHTING, LIGHT FILTERS AND METHODS OF FILTERING LIGHT” (inventor: Antony Paul van de Ven; attorney docket number 931—057 PRO, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. [0184] Embodiments in accordance with the present invention are described herein with reference to cross-sectional (and/or plan view) illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments of the present invention. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a molded region illustrated or described as a rectangle will, typically, have rounded or curved features. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. [0185] FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a representative example of an embodiment according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a lighting device 20 comprising a first LED chip 21 (in this case, a lateral, i.e., non-vertical, chip), a first lumiphor 22, a second lumiphor 23, a leadframe which comprises a first lead 24 and a second lead 25. The first lead 24 includes a reflective cup 26. A first wire 27 connects the first lead 24 to a first region of the LED chip 21, and a second wire 28 connects the second lead 25 to a second region of the LED chip 21. [0186] The first LED chip 21 has a first LED chip first surface 28 and a first LED chip second surface 29, the first LED chip first surface 28 and the first LED chip second surface 29 being on opposite sides of the first LED chip 21. [0187] The first lumiphor 22 comprises a first lumiphor first surface 30 and a first lumiphor second surface 31, the first lumiphor first surface 30 and the first lumiphor second surface 31 being on opposite sides of the first lumiphor 22. [0188] The first LED chip first surface 28 faces the second lumiphor 23, The first LED chip second surface 29 faces and is in contact with (i.e., in direct contact with) the first lumiphor first surface 30. [0189] The first lumiphor second surface 31 is in contact with (i.e., in direct contact with) the reflective cup 26. [0190] As shown in FIG. 2, the second lumiphor 23 is spaced from the first LED chip first surface 28. [0191] The embodiment depicted in FIG. 2 further comprises a clear fill region 32. [0192] The first lumiphor 22 is thus positioned between the first LED chip 21 and the reflective cup 26. [0193] FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a representative example of a second embodiment according to the present invention. The lighting device 33 depicted in FIG. 3 is similar to the lighting device 20 depicted in FIG. 2, except that: the shape of the first lumiphor 34 in the device in FIG. 3 differs from the shape of the first lumiphor 22 in the device in FIG. 2; the shape of the clear fill region 35 in the device in FIG. 3 differs from the shape of the clear fill region 32 in the device in FIG. 2; and the device in FIG. 3 does not include a second lumiphor (the device in FIG. 2 includes a second lumiphor 23). [0197] Other elements are similar, and like elements are identified with like reference numbers. Referring to FIG. 3, the first lumiphor 34 surrounds the first LED chip 21. The first LED chip first surface 28 faces a first region of the first lumiphor 34 and the first LED chip second surface 29 faces a second region of the first lumiphor 34. [0198] FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a representative example of a third embodiment according to the present invention. The lighting device 36 depicted in FIG. 4 is similar to the lighting device 20 depicted in FIG. 2, except that: the shape of the first lumiphor 37 in the device in FIG. 4 differs from the shape of the first lumiphor 22 in the device in FIG. 2; and the device in FIG. 4 does not include a second lumiphor (the device in FIG. 2 includes a second lumiphor 23) or a clear fill region (the device in FIG. 2 includes a clear fill region 32). [0201] Other elements are similar, and like elements are identified with like reference numbers. Referring to FIG. 4, the first lumiphor 37 surrounds the first LED chip 21, which is embedded in the first lumiphor 37. The first LED chip first surface 28 faces a first region of the first lumiphor 37 and the first LED chip second surface 29 faces a second region of the first lumiphor 37. [0202] Comparative testing was conducted, comparing the efficacy of a first Example of a lighting device (according to the present invention) with a first Comparative Example of a lighting device. [0203] The first Example of a lighting device was constructed as depicted in FIG. 2. The first LED chip was a lateral 5 mm blue chip (TG chip), the first lumiphor contained luminescent material in an amount of about 10 percent by weight, and the second lumiphor contained luminescent material in an amount of about 25 percent by weight. [0204] The first Comparative Example of a lighting device was constructed as depicted in FIG. 1. The first LED chip was a 5 mm vertical blue chip, and the lumiphor contained luminescent material in an amount of about 7 percent by weight. [0205] Energy (about 30 mA�about 3.15 volts−about 63 mW input power) was delivered to both devices. It was observed that the lighting device according to the first Example provided an efficacy of about 93 lumens/watt, whereas the lighting device according to the first Comparative Example provided an efficacy of about 72 lumens/watt. [0206] The present invention is further directed to an illuminated enclosure, comprising an enclosed space and at least one lighting device as described herein, wherein the lighting device illuminates at least a portion of the enclosure. [0207] The present invention is further directed to an illuminated surface, comprising a surface and at least one lighting device as described herein, wherein if the lighting device is illuminated, the lighting device would illuminate at least a portion of the surface. [0208] The present invention is further directed to an illuminated area, comprising at least one item selected from among the group consisting of a swimming pool, a room, a warehouse, an indicator, a road, a vehicle, a road sign, a billboard, a ship, a boat, an aircraft, a stadium, a toy, a computer, a remote audio device, a remote video device, a cell phone, a tree, a window, and a lamppost, having mounted therein or thereon at least one lighting device as described herein. [0209] Any two or more structural parts of the lighting devices described herein can be integrated. Any structural part of the lighting devices described herein can be provided in two or more parts. Similarly, any two or more functions can be conducted simultaneously, and/or any function can be conducted in a series of steps. [0210] Furthermore, while certain embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated with reference to specific combinations of elements, various other combinations may also be provided without departing from the teachings of the present invention. Thus, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular exemplary embodiments described herein and illustrated in the Figures, but may also encompass combinations of elements of the various illustrated embodiments. [0211] Many alterations and modifications may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art, given the benefit of the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it must be understood that the illustrated embodiments have been set forth only for the purposes of example, and that it should not be taken as limiting the invention as defined by the following claims. The following claims are, therefore, to be read to include not only the combination of elements which are literally set forth but all equivalent elements for performing substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain substantially the same result. The claims are thus to be understood to include what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptually equivalent, and also what incorporates the essential idea of the invention. 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