Source: https://store.ceb.com/california-powers-of-attorney-and-health-care-directives
Timestamp: 2019-09-16 08:08:54
Document Index: 735325965

Matched Legal Cases: ['§11', '§15610', '§5', '§4', '§15630', '§4', '§5', '§6', '§6', '§443', '§7', '§1569', '§2356', '§7', '§8', '§8', '§8', '§8', '§8', '§9', '§3', '§9', '§6910', '§6552', '§2', '§2', '§4', '§4', '§4', '§4', '§4', '§5204', '§5', '§5', '§5', '§5', '§5', '§5', '§5', '§5', '§4401', '§5', '§7', '§4701', '§8', '§8', '§4305', '§11', '§11', '§11', '§11', 'arty 1', '§6910', '§6552', '§5204', '§4401', '§4701', '§4305', 'arty 10', '§4541']

California Powers of Attorney and Health Care Directives | CEB | CEB
Serve your clients better—understand all aspects of using California powers of attorney for financial management planning and health care decision planning for persons who lose capacity, including successfully drafting forms and enforcing their terms.
“ ...an invaluable resource to any attorney tasked with executing a DPOA or AHCD that will effectively meet the needs of their client, gain acceptance by third parties, and survive judicial challenges.”
Assisting clients with medical decisions, including do-not-resuscitate orders, organ donation, and end-of-life decisions
HIPAA and CMIA, and medical marijuana
Understanding the new California End of Life Option legislation
Using power of attorney for estate planning decisions when the principal loses capacity
Alternatives to using power of attorney and advanced health care directives, and ethical obligations of the attorney in drafting documents and enforcing their terms, including judicial proceedings
OnLAW ES94900
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looseleaf, updated 10/18
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On May 10, 2018, the California Supreme Court issued an order approving new Rules of Professional Conduct, which go into effect November 1, 2018, including a renumbering of the rules. The new rules are summarized in chap 3, §11.13.
A “dependent adult” is “any person between the ages of 18 and 64 years, ‘regardless of whether the person lives independently,’ who resides in this state and who has physical or mental limitations that restrict his or her ability to carry out normal activities or to protect his or her rights, including, but not limited to, persons who have physical or developmental disabilities, or whose physical or mental abilities have diminished because of age.” Welf & I C §15610.23(a). The statue was amended by Stats 2018, chap 70, §5 to include adults living by themselves. See §4.47.
Welf & I C §15630.1 was amended in 2017 (Stats 2017, chap 408 (AB 611)) and provides that a mandated reporter is authorized to not honor a power of attorney, as to an attorney-in-fact, about whom he or she made a report of suspected financial abuse of an elder or dependent adult to an adult protective services agency or a local law enforcement agency of any state. See §4.78.
The United States Supreme Court has prescribed official forms for use in representing creditors in bankruptcy proceedings. An agent may represent the creditor, but the agent must first present a properly completed and executed power of attorney in a prescribed form. These forms have been superseded by updated forms. See §5.48.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Pub L 115–97, 131 Stat 2054), signed into law on December 22, 2017, has sweeping changes relating to income taxes, but it only affects the estate, gift, and GST by an increase in the applicable exclusion amount to approximately $11.2 million for 2018 (subject to adjustment for inflation through 2025). See §§6.3–6.6, 6.8, 6.27.
Under the Tax Cut and Jobs Act (Pub L 115–97, 131 Stat 2054), the annual exclusion amount for estates is $11.18 million per individual, with portability for individuals and their spouses. See Rev Proc 2018–18, 2018–10 Int Rev Bull 392. For tax year 2018, the exemption for annual exclusion gifts stays $14,000. See §§6.2, 6.5, 6.27.
The End of Life Option Act (Health & S C §§443–443.22) was suspended pending the resolution of Ahn v Hestrin (2018) (Sup Ct, Case No. RIC 1607135). However, the court of appeals has reinstated the Act until all legal challenges to the Act have been decided. See §§7.46, 9.31–9.34.
Effective January 1, 2018, “dementia” has been replaced by “major neurocognitive disorder” in sections of the Health and Safety Code and the Probate Code. See Stats 2017, ch 122; Health & S C §1569.698; and Prob C §2356.5. See §§7.44, 8.39.
In chapter 8, these preprinted forms have been revised: the VA Advance Directive Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care and Living Will (see §8.2 for link), the CMA Advance Health Care Directive, Wallet Identification Card & Instructions (see §§8.4–8.5), the California Hospital Association (CHA) form (see §8.6), the Easily Understood Advance Healthcare Directive (Institute for Healthcare Advancement) (see §8.7), and the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) form (see §8.43).
A great need for organs currently exists in the United States. As of July 10, 2017, there were 117,216 individuals on the national organ transplantation waiting list. The Gift of Life Donation Initiative (launched in 2001 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)) includes such features as the implementation of a model donor card, donor education as part of driver education curriculum, the establishment of a national forum on donor registry options and guidelines, and a Gift of Life medal program for donor families (http://organdonor.gov). For extensive organ donation information, see §§9.44–9.64.
Many attorney-drafted and standard AHCDs and DPOAs and related documents have been revised. See §§3.40 5.48, 8.11.
In 2016, California voters approved Proposition 64, or the Control, Regulate and Tax Adult Use of Marijuana Act (AUMA), which legalized the nonmedical use of marijuana by persons 21 years of age and up and cultivation of up to six marijuana plants per residence for personal use. See a new section on the topic at §9.76B.
Powers of Attorney and Health Care Directives: Overview and International Considerations
Provision for International Health Care Instruction
Alternatives to Powers of Attorney and Advance Health Care Directives
Authorization for Care Provider to Consent to Medical or Dental Treatment of Minor (Fam C §6910)
Caregiver’s Authorization Affidavit (Fam C §6552)
§2.39
Application by Minor for Consent to Medical or Dental Care
§2.40
Order Granting Consent for Medical or Dental Care of Minor
Ethical Considerations When Drafting Powers of Attorney and Advance Health Care Directives
Declaration Regarding Mental Functions
Durable Powers of Attorney for Financial Management: The Fundamentals
Power of Attorney Is Durable
Limited Durable Power of Attorney for Management and Disposition of Specific Real Property
Introductory Clause if Power of Attorney Limited to Specific Time Period
Power of Attorney Immediately Effective and Durable, and Principal Understands Instrument
Springing DPOA
Termination of Springing DPOA on Principal’s Restoration to Capacity
§4.17
Springing DPOA and Termination of Springing DPOA on Principal’s Restoration to Capacity—Incapacity Panel
Warning Statement Required for Preprinted Forms Sold or Distributed
Acceptance by Agent
Joint Agency—Joint Action Required
§4.53
Joint Agency—Either Agent Authorized to Act Alone
§4.54
Settlement of Disputes Between Joint Agents
§4.55
Joint Agent Unable to Act
§4.60
Appointment of Successor Agent
Successor Agent’s Liability for Prior Agent’s Acts
Warning to Agent
Requirement That Agent Post Bond
Compensation of Agent—Reasonable Compensation
Compensation of Agent—Hourly Rate
Compensation of Agent—Percentage of Net Assets
Compensation of Agent—Joint Agents Serving
Revocation of DPOA
Authorization to Use Photocopies
Durable Powers of Attorney for Financial Management: Specific Clauses and Complete Forms
Authority Regarding Real Property
Authority Regarding Real Property That May Have Environmental Hazards
Authority to Invest and Reinvest
Authority to Transact Business Regarding Accounts
Authority to Transact Business Regarding Accounts (Prob C §5204)
Authorization to Maintain, Have Access to, and Remove Property From Safe Deposit Boxes
Authority to Use and Cancel Credit Cards
§5.11A
Authority Over Digital Devices, Assets, and Accounts
General Self-Dealing Authorized
Limited Self-Dealing Authorized
General Commingling of Principal and Agent’s Assets Authorized
Commingling of Specific Bank Account of Principal and Agent Authorized
Authority to Assert Attorney-Client Privilege
Authority to Collect Assets, Compromise Claims, and Litigate
Authority Regarding Government Benefits (Short Form)
Authority Regarding Public Benefits (Long Form)
Sample Request for Acknowledgment of Receipt and Acceptance of DPOA by Benefit Administrator
Authority to Deal With Employee, Retirement, and Other Benefits
Authority Regarding Principal’s Business (Short Form)
Authority Regarding Principal’s Business (Long Form)
Authority to Deal With Partnership Interests
Authority to Exercise Stock Options
§5.37
Powers Specifically Not Granted
§5.39
Authority Over Insurance
Authority Over Annuity Contracts
Nomination of Conservator of Person and Estate
Authority to Appear for Military, Charitable, or Religious Person or Spouse in Adoption Proceeding
General Administrative Authority
Certifying Power of Attorney
Attorney Certificate Regarding Limitation on Authority to Petition
Limitation on Authority to Petition for Court Enforcement of Agent’s Duties
Duty to Prepare Annual Financial Reports
Authority to Employ Professional Advisers
Springing Durable Power of Attorney for Personal Care (Separate Document)
Personal Care Provisions as Part of DPOA
Principal’s Intention to Remain in Own Home
Restriction on Sale of Home Until All Other Assets Are Depleted
§5.67
Restriction on Sale or Encumbrance of Principal’s Residence
§5.68
Authority to Dispose of Personal Effects
§5.69
General and Immediately Effective Durable Power of Attorney
§5.70
General Springing Durable Power of Attorney
§5.71
Uniform Statutory Form Power of Attorney (Prob C §4401)
§5.72
Cover Letter to Principal to Accompany DPOA Draft
Estate and Tax Planning Using Powers of Attorney
Broad Authority to Exercise Estate Planning Powers
Authority to Make Annual Gifts up to Annual Gift Tax Exclusion Amount
Authority to Make Gifts Beyond Annual Gift Tax Exclusion Amount
Powers Relating to Gifts (Long Form)
Authority to Create Special Needs Trust
Authority to Transfer Assets to and Remove Assets From Revocable Living Trust
Authority to Fund Trusts Not Created by Principal
Authority to Exercise Powers of Appointment
Authority to Prepay or Postpone Taxes and to Borrow and Grant Security Interests
Authority to Exercise Annual Withdrawal Rights
Authority to Execute Disclaimers
Authority to Make Elections and File Consents to Special-Use Valuation
Authority to Qualify for Installment Payment of Federal Estate Taxes
Conversion of Joint Tenancy Property to Community Property
Entering Into Aggregate Property Agreement
Authority to Consent to Split Gifts With Spouse
Authority to Pay Third Party Tuition and Medical Expenses
Authority to Represent Principal on Tax Matters and Sign Tax Returns
Advance Health Care Directives: The Fundamentals
07-009A
§7.9A
Physician’s Certificate of Incapacity
Ombudsman as Witness
Co-Agent Decision-Maker if Dispute
Provision for Advisory Committee
Excluding Unwanted Outsider Involvement
Resignation as Agent
Temporary Resignation as Agent
Revocation of PAHC
Advance Health Care Directives: Complete Forms and Related Documents
Statutory Form Advance Health Care Directive (Prob C §4701)
§§8.9-8.47
Designation of Agent and Successor Agents
General Statement of Agent’s Authority
Health Care Instruction—Prolong Life or Not Prolong Life
Inspection and Disclosure of Confidential Medical Information
Agent’s Authority to Sign Documents, Waivers, and Releases
Agent’s and Others’ Visitation Rights
Agent’s Authority to Act if Provider Fails to Honor Wishes of Principal
Negative Designation of Agent
No Premature Withdrawal of Treatment
Medical Directive and Release for Jehovah’s Witness Principal
Medical Directive for Christian Scientist Principal
Medical Directive for Orthodox Jewish Principal
Medical Directive for Catholic Principal
Agent’s Acceptance and Consent to Act
§8.33A
Complete Attorney-Drafted AHCD
Authorization to Release Health Information by Settlor, Principal, or Others
Authorization to Release Health Information by Trustees, Co-Trustees, Successor Trustees, and Agents
Requirement to Have Agent Under Power of Attorney Execute HIPAA and CMIA Release
Authorization to Release Health Information to Health Care Agent
Agent Authorized to Direct or Consent to DNR Orders
Third Party Acceptance of Powers of Attorney and Health Care Directives
Affidavit (Prob C §4305)
Third Parties Directed to Accept Agent’s Signature and Acts
Enforcement and Damages for Noncompliance
Release of Information to Agent Authorized and Privilege Waived
Third Parties Held Harmless
Sample Letter From Principal’s Attorney to Third Party
Letter to Doctor Concerning AHCD
Letter to Nursing Home Administrator Concerning AHCD
Letter to Residential Care Facility for Elderly (RCFE) Concerning AHCD
§11.44
Sample Petition to Compel Third Party to Honor Agent’s Authority to Arrange for Disposal of Principal’s Remains as Authorized in Advance Health Care Directive
§11.45
Sample Order to Compel Third Party to Honor Agent’s Authority to Arrange for Disposal of Principal’s Remains as Authorized in Advance Health Care Directive
§11.56
Sample Petition to Compel Third Party to Honor Agent’s Authority and for Attorney Fees and Costs
§11.57
Sample Petition to Compel Accounting by Attorney-in-Fact, Award Attorney Fees, Remove Attorney-in-Fact, and Recognize Successor
Sample Order to Compel Accounting by Attorney-in-Fact, Award Attorney Fees, Remove Attorney-in-Fact, and Recognize Successor
Max K. Riederer von Paar
1. Common Terms Used in Durable Powers of Attorney for Financial Management 1.3
2. Common Terms Used in Advance Health Care Directives and Powers of Attorney for Health Care 1.4
1. History and Background 1.5
2. Statutory Source of Power of Attorney Law and Health Care Decisions Law 1.6
3. Relation to General Law of Agency 1.7
E. Capacity 1.8
F. Coordination of Durable Powers of Attorney and Advance Health Care Directives 1.9
II. OVERVIEW OF DURABLE POWERS OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
A. Power of Attorney Requirements 1.10
B. Validity of Prior Documents 1.11
C. The Agent
1. Multiple and Successor Agents 1.12
2. Standard of Care 1.13
3. Rights and Duties 1.14
a. General Powers and Rights 1.15
b. Powers That Must Be Specifically Granted 1.16
c. Duties 1.17
D. Modification and Revocation 1.18
E. Relationship With Third Party 1.19
F. Judicial Proceedings; Permission to Disobey Principal 1.20
G. Use in Other States 1.21
III. OVERVIEW OF ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVES 1.22
A. Requirements for Execution 1.23
B. Duration of Validity 1.24
C. Validity of Documents Drafted Before July 1, 2000 1.25
D. The Agent 1.26
1. Agent’s Authority 1.27
2. Limitations on Agent’s Authority 1.28
3. Agent’s Liability 1.29
E. Revocation 1.30
F. Relationship With Third Parties 1.31
G. Judicial Proceedings 1.32
H. Out-of-State Documents 1.33
IV. OVERVIEW OF POWERS OF ATTORNEY FOR PERSONAL CARE 1.34
V. INTERNATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 1.35
A. Recognition by United States of Powers of Attorney Drafted in Other Countries 1.36
B. Recognition by Foreign Jurisdictions of Powers of Attorney Drafted in United States 1.37
C. Practical Considerations When Drafting Powers of Attorney for International Clients 1.38
D. Form: Provision for International Health Care Instruction 1.39
VI. SAFEKEEPING AND TRANSFER OF DOCUMENTS
A. Where Client Should Keep Originals and Copies 1.40
B. Documents Deposited With Attorney 1.41
II. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT (DPOA) AND ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVE (AHCD)
A. DPOA Advantages and Disadvantages
1. DPOA Advantages 2.2
2. DPOA Disadvantages 2.3
B. AHCD and Power of Attorney for Health Care (PAHC) Advantages and Disadvantages 2.4
1. AHCD and PAHC Advantages 2.5
2. AHCD and PAHC Disadvantages 2.6
III. WHEN DPOA OR AHCD IS NOT REASONABLE OR LEGAL OPTION 2.7
IV. ALTERNATIVES TO DPOA AND AHCD
A. Alternative Devices to DPOA 2.8
1. Revocable Living Trusts 2.9
a. Compared With DPOA 2.10
b. Coordinating DPOA With Revocable Living Trust 2.11
2. Conservatorship of the Estate 2.12
a. Compared With DPOA 2.13
b. Interaction of Conservator and Agent
(1) Agent Accountable to Conservator 2.14
(2) Avoiding Potential Conflicts Between Agent and Conservator 2.15
(3) Personal Care Decisions 2.16
3. Joint Tenancy 2.17
a. Compared With DPOA 2.18
b. Problems With Joint Tenancy 2.19
a. Spouse or Domestic Partner and Agent Compared 2.20
b. Coordination of DPOA, Community Property, and Conservatorship 2.21
5. Bank Accounts, Safe Deposit Boxes, and Similar Services 2.22
B. Alternative Devices to AHCD
1. Conservatorship of the Person 2.23
a. Medical Treatment Under Conservatorship
(1) Conservatee’s Capacity for Informed Consent 2.24
(2) Conservatee’s Lack of Capacity 2.25
(3) Conservatee’s Belief in Prayer for Healing 2.26
(4) Conservator’s Limited Authority 2.27
b. Disadvantages of Conservatorship 2.28
c. Interaction Between Conservator and Agent 2.29
2. Court-Ordered Health Care Decisions for Adult Without Conservator 2.30
3. Ability of Spouse to Make Health Care Decisions 2.31
4. Surrogate Designation 2.32
5. Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) 2.32A
V. HEALTH CARE AND PERSONAL CARE DECISIONS FOR MINORS 2.33
A. Parent’s or Legal Guardian’s Authority to Delegate Decisions for Medical or Dental Care 2.34
B. Form: Authorization for Care Provider to Consent to Medical or Dental Treatment of Minor (Fam C §6910) 2.35
C. Voluntary Caregiver’s Authority to Enroll Minor in School and Authorize Medical Care 2.36
D. Form: Caregiver’s Authorization Affidavit (Fam C §6552) 2.37
E. Application by Minor for Court Consent to Medical or Dental Care 2.38
1. Form: Application by Minor for Consent to Medical or Dental Care 2.39
2. Form: Order Granting Consent for Medical or Dental Care of Minor 2.40
F. Instances in Which Minor’s Consent Alone Is Sufficient
1. Minor of Certain Age and for Certain Treatments 2.41
2. Emancipated Minor 2.42
Sarah A. Kirland
I. OVERVIEW 3.1
A. Sources of Authority 3.2
1. Discipline by State Bar 3.3
2. Civil Liability for Malpractice 3.4
III. ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP
A. Identifying Client 3.5
B. Creation of Attorney-Client Relationship 3.6
C. Written Representation Agreement 3.7
D. Joint Representation 3.8
E. Representing Principal 3.9
1. Advising Agent That He or She Is Not Client 3.10
2. Payment of Attorney Fees 3.11
IV. DUTIES AND LIMITATIONS
A. Duties to Client 3.12
1. Duty of Loyalty 3.13
2. Duty to Keep Client Confidences 3.14
a. Avoiding Representation of Adverse Interests Generally 3.15
b. Concurrent Representation of Multiple Parties 3.16
c. Distinguishing Potential and Actual Conflict 3.17
d. Informed Written Consent Required 3.18
e. Representing Client With Interests Adverse to Former Client 3.19
4. Duty to Act Competently 3.20
B. Duty to Client With Limited Mental Capacity 3.21
1. California Law 3.22
a. Estate Planning Documents 3.23
b. Protecting Client From Abuse, Undue Influence, or Fraud 3.24
c. California State Bar Formal Opinion No. 89–112 3.25
2. ABA Model Rules 3.26
C. Duty to Maintain Documents 3.27
V. DETERMINING MENTAL CAPACITY OF CLIENTS 3.28
A. Lawyer’s Obligation to Determine Client’s Capacity 3.29
B. Standards and Tests for Legal Capacity
1. Due Process in Competence Determinations Act 3.30
a. Evidence to Support Finding of Unsound Mind or Incapacity 3.31
b. Ability to Communicate Decision and Understand Its Consequences 3.32
2. Specific Statutes Regarding Capacity 3.33
a. Capacity to Contract, Convey, or Make Agency Appointments 3.34
b. Capacity to Manage Personal and Financial Affairs and to Make Medical Decisions 3.35
C. Attorney Assessment of Client Capacity 3.36
1. Evaluation Under Statutory Standards 3.37
2. Mental Status Assessment 3.38
D. Form: Declaration Regarding Mental Functions 3.39
E. Form: Capacity Declaration—Conservatorship (Judicial Council Form GC-335) 3.40
Susan A. Katzen
II. TYPES OF POWERS OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
A. Durable Versus Nondurable Powers of Attorney
1. Discussion 4.2
2. Form: Power of Attorney Is Durable 4.3
B. General Versus Limited Powers of Attorney
1. General Power of Attorney 4.4
2. Limited (or Special) Power of Attorney 4.5
3. Limited Power of Attorney Forms
a. Form: Limited Durable Power of Attorney for Management and Disposition of Specific Real Property 4.6
b. Form: Introductory Clause if Power of Attorney Limited to Specific Time Period 4.7
C. Immediately Effective Versus Springing DPOA
1. Immediately Effective DPOA
a. Discussion 4.8
b. Form: Power of Attorney Immediately Effective and Durable, and Principal Understands Instrument 4.9
2. Springing (Contingent, Standby, or Conditional) DPOA 4.10
a. Triggering Event 4.11
(1) Physician Statement 4.12
(2) Third Person or Incapacity Panel 4.13
b. Practical Problems 4.14
c. Form: Springing DPOA 4.15
d. Form: Termination of Springing DPOA on Principal’s Restoration to Capacity 4.16
e. Form: Springing DPOA and Termination of Springing DPOA on Principal’s Restoration to Capacity—Incapacity Panel 4.17
D. Statutory, Printed, and Attorney-Drafted DPOAs 4.18
1. California Statutory Form DPOA 4.19
2. Preprinted DPOA Forms 4.20
3. Practical Problems in Using Statutory Form or Preprinted Forms 4.21
4. Form: Warning Statement Required for Preprinted Forms Sold or Distributed 4.22
III. REQUIREMENTS FOR EXECUTION
A. Execution of DPOA Generally 4.23
1. Notary or Witness Requirements 4.24
2. Recordable Format 4.25
B. Execution Requirements if Power to Petition Is Limited 4.26
C. Requirements for Execution of California Uniform Statutory Form DPOA 4.27
D. Execution of Joint DPOA 4.28
E. Review and Execution of New DPOA by Principal 4.29
F. Execution of Documents by Agent
1. Acceptance by Agent 4.30
2. Form: Acceptance by Agent 4.31
3. Signing as Agent 4.32
IV. THE PRINCIPAL
A. Eligibility of Principal to Execute DPOA
1. Individuals 4.33
2. Fiduciaries 4.34
3. Agent’s Delegation to Secondary Agents 4.35
B. Establishing Capacity of Principal at Execution of DPOA to Prevent Later Challenge 4.36
V. THE AGENT
A. Eligibility to Serve as Agent 4.37
B. Selection of Agent 4.38
1. Spouse or Domestic Partner 4.39
2. Adult Children 4.40
3. Friend 4.41
4. Professional Adviser 4.42
5. Corporate Agent 4.43
6. Private Professional Fiduciary 4.44
7. Nonresident Agent 4.45
8. Problem of Prohibited Transferees as Agents 4.46
a. Care Custodian as Prohibited Transferee 4.47
b. Exceptions to Prohibited Transferee Rule 4.48
9. Multiple Agents 4.49
a. Authority to Act 4.50
b. Disagreement, Incapacity, or Death 4.51
c. Form: Joint Agency—Joint Action Required 4.52
d. Form: Joint Agency—Either Agent Authorized to Act Alone 4.53
e. Form: Settlement of Disputes Between Joint Agents 4.54
f. Form: Joint Agent Unable to Act 4.55
10. Different Agents for Different Tasks 4.56
11. Successor Agents 4.57
a. Agent May Appoint Successor Agent 4.58
b. Exculpating Clause 4.59
c. Form: Appointment of Successor Agent 4.60
d. Form: Successor Agent’s Liability for Prior Agent’s Acts 4.61
C. Duty and Standard of Care; Authority to Act
1. Educating and Protecting Agent 4.62
a. Standard of Care 4.63
b. Duty to Act 4.64
c. Right to Resign 4.65
3. Form: Warning to Agent 4.66
4. Explicit Duties of Agent 4.67
5. Specific Prohibitions for Agents 4.68
6. Duty to Third Persons 4.69
7. Practical Considerations Related to Agent’s Standard of Conduct
a. Limiting Agent’s Liability 4.70
b. Specific Provisions Clarifying Agent’s Duties 4.71
8. Authorizing Specific Acts
a. Acts That Must Be Expressly Authorized 4.72
b. Acts That Should Be Expressly Authorized 4.73
(1) Self-Dealing 4.74
(2) Commingling 4.75
9. Authority to Obtain Confidential Information 4.76
10. Civil Actions for Financial Abuse of Elderly: Remedies Under Elder Abuse and Dependent Adult Civil Protection Act (EADACPA) 4.77
11. Reporting Financial Abuse of Elderly Under EADACPA 4.78
D. Bond 4.79
E. Form: Requirement That Agent Post Bond 4.80
F. Reasonable Compensation 4.81
1. Form: Compensation of Agent—Reasonable Compensation 4.82
2. Form: Compensation of Agent—Hourly Rate 4.83
3. Form: Compensation of Agent—Percentage of Net Assets 4.84
4. Form: Compensation of Agent—Joint Agents Serving 4.85
VI. TERMINATION OF DPOA
A. Methods of Termination
1. Revocation by Principal 4.86
2. Form: Revocation of DPOA 4.87
3. Expiration of Agent’s Term or Extinction of Subject of Instrument 4.88
4. Agent’s Death 4.89
5. Agent’s Resignation 4.90
6. Agent’s Incapacity to Act 4.91
7. Dissolution or Annulment; Effect of Legal Separation or Termination of Domestic Partnership 4.92
8. Principal’s Incapacity to Contract Terminates Nondurable Power of Attorney 4.93
9. Restoration to Capacity and the Springing DPOA 4.94
10. Principal’s Death 4.95
11. Revocation by Court Order 4.96
B. Practical Problems Related to Termination of DPOA
1. Capacity to Revoke 4.97
2. Loss of Instrument 4.98
3. Duties of Terminated Agent 4.99
4. Protection of Agent Who Acts in Good Faith Reliance on Terminated DPOA 4.100
VII. USE OF DPOA
A. Availability of Documents 4.101
B. Use of Photocopies 4.102
C. Form: Authorization to Use Photocopies 4.103
D. Timely Recording of DPOA 4.104
E. Multistate Considerations 4.105
II. DRAFTING CLAUSES FOR SPECIFIC ASSETS AND ISSUES
1. Discussion 5.2
2. Form: Authority Regarding Real Property 5.3
3. Form: Authority Regarding Real Property That May Have Environmental Hazards 5.4
1. Authority to Invest and Reinvest 5.5
2. Form: Authority to Invest and Reinvest 5.6
C. Accounts, Safe Deposit Boxes, and Credit Cards
1. Authority to Make Transactions Regarding Accounts, Safe Deposit Boxes, and Credit Cards 5.7
2. Authority Over Digital Devices, Assets, and Accounts 5.7A
3. Form: Authority to Transact Business Regarding Accounts 5.8
4. Form: Authority to Transact Business Regarding Accounts (Prob C §5204) 5.9
5. Form: Authorization to Maintain, Have Access to, and Remove Property From Safe Deposit Boxes 5.10
6. Form: Authority to Use and Cancel Credit Cards 5.11
7. Form: Authority Over Digital Devices, Assets, and Accounts 5.11A
D. Specific Agent Issues
1. Property Previously Belonging to Agent 5.12
2. Self-Dealing and Commingling 5.13
a. Form: General Self-Dealing Authorized 5.14
b. Form: Limited Self-Dealing Authorized 5.15
c. Form: General Commingling of Principal and Agent’s Assets Authorized 5.16
d. Form: Commingling of Specific Bank Account of Principal and Agent Authorized 5.17
E. Litigation Authority
1. Authority to Assert Attorney-Client Privilege 5.18
2. Form: Authority to Assert Attorney-Client Privilege 5.19
3. Form: Authority to Collect Assets, Compromise Claims, and Litigate 5.20
F. Government Benefits
1. Qualification for Public Medical Benefits 5.21
2. Form: Authority Regarding Government Benefits (Short Form) 5.22
3. Form: Authority Regarding Public Benefits (Long Form) 5.23
G. Employee and Retirement Benefits
1. Authority to Deal With Employee, Retirement, and Other Benefits 5.24
2. Effective Use of Power 5.25
3. Form: Sample Request for Acknowledgment of Receipt and Acceptance of DPOA by Benefit Administrator 5.26
4. Institution-Provided DPOA 5.27
5. Cautions in Using Pre-2012 Statutory Form Power of Attorney 5.28
6. Form: Authority to Deal With Employee, Retirement, and Other Benefits 5.29
H. Business, Partnership, and Stock Interests
1. Operation of Principal’s Business 5.30
2. Form: Authority Regarding Principal’s Business (Short Form) 5.31
3. Form: Authority Regarding Principal’s Business (Long Form) 5.32
4. Authority to Represent Partner 5.33
5. Form: Authority to Deal With Partnership Interests 5.34
6. Form: Authority to Exercise Stock Options 5.35
I. Insurance and Annuities
1. Life Insurance Policies 5.36
2. Form: Powers Specifically Not Granted 5.37
3. Other Types of Insurance 5.38
4. Form: Authority Over Insurance 5.39
5. Annuities 5.40
6. Form: Authority Over Annuity Contracts 5.41
J. Support for Persons Dependent on Principal
1. Providing Support for Others 5.42
2. Form: Providing Support for Others 5.43
K. Nomination of Conservator of Person or Estate
1. Nominating Conservator of Person and Estate 5.44
2. Form: Nomination of Conservator of Person and Estate 5.45
L. Appearance for Military, Charitable, or Religious Person in Adoption Proceedings
1. Discussion 5.46
2. Form: Authority to Appear for Military, Charitable, or Religious Person or Spouse in Adoption Proceeding 5.47
M. Representation of Creditor in Bankruptcy Proceedings 5.48
A. Form: General Administrative Authority 5.49
B. Revocation and Amendment
1. Provision for Revocation and Amendment 5.50
2. Form: Revocation and Amendment 5.51
C. Certifying Power of Attorney
1. Certification 5.52
2. Form: Certifying Power of Attorney 5.53
D. Limiting Authority to Petition Court 5.54
1. Form: Attorney Certificate Regarding Limitation on Authority to Petition 5.55
2. Form: Limitation on Authority to Petition for Court Enforcement of Agent’s Duties 5.56
E. Reports 5.57
1. Form: Duty to Prepare Annual Financial Reports 5.58
2. Form: Duty to Report 5.59
F. Hiring Professional Advisers
1. Employing Professional Advisers 5.60
2. Form: Authority to Employ Professional Advisers 5.61
IV. PROVISIONS REGARDING PRINCIPAL’S PERSONAL CARE AND RESIDENCE
A. Personal Care Decisions and Durable Powers of Attorney 5.62
B. Form: Springing Durable Power of Attorney for Personal Care (Separate Document) 5.63
C. Individual Personal Care Provisions
1. Form: Personal Care Provisions as Part of DPOA 5.64
2. Form: Principal’s Intention to Remain in Own Home 5.65
3. Form: Restriction on Sale of Home Until All Other Assets Are Depleted 5.66
4. Form: Restriction on Sale or Encumbrance of Principal’s Residence 5.67
5. Form: Authority to Dispose of Personal Effects 5.68
V. SAMPLES OF COMPLETE FORMS
A. Form: General and Immediately Effective Durable Power of Attorney 5.69
B. Form: General Springing Durable Power of Attorney 5.70
C. Form: Uniform Statutory Form Power of Attorney (Prob C §4401) 5.71
D. Form: Cover Letter to Principal to Accompany DPOA Draft 5.72
I. CONSIDERATIONS IN USING DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY (DPOA) FOR ESTATE PLANNING
A. Introduction 6.1
B. Need for Increased Planning Flexibility 6.2
1. Estate and Gift Tax 6.3
a. Estate Tax 6.4
b. Gift Tax 6.5
2. Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax 6.6
3. Income Tax Basis 6.7
C. Cost Constraints 6.8
D. Safety 6.9
E. Drafting Protections: Scope of Agent’s Authority 6.10
F. Coordinating DPOA With Other Estate Planning Documents 6.11
1. Will 6.12
2. Revocable Trust 6.13
3. Gifting Authority
a. DPOA or Revocable Living Trust 6.14
b. Survivor’s Trust 6.15
4. Power of Attorney for Health Care 6.16
5. Conservatorship 6.17
II. ESTATE AND TAX PLANNING THROUGH USE OF DPOA
A. California Statutory Limitations for Estate Planning Powers
1. Express Authorization 6.18
2. Using Separate DPOA for Estate and Tax Planning 6.19
3. Estate Planning Powers in DPOAs Executed Before January 1, 1995 6.20
4. Form: Broad Authority to Exercise Estate Planning Powers 6.21
B. Potential Tax and Creditor Problems in Creation and Use of DPOA 6.22
1. Principal Liable for Capital Gains and Gift Tax 6.23
2. Agent’s Potential Liability
a. Agent as Holder of General Power of Appointment 6.24
b. Power to Amend Trust: Agent’s Possible Tax Consequences 6.25
c. Avoiding Tax and Creditor Consequences to Agent 6.26
III. SPECIFIC GIFT AND ESTATE TAX PLANNING POWERS OF AGENT
A. Gifts 6.27
1. Qualifying Cash Gifts for Annual Gift Tax Exclusion 6.28
2. Noncash Gifts, Gifts Over Annual Exclusion Amount, and Charitable Gifts 6.29
3. Form: Authority to Make Annual Gifts up to Annual Gift Tax Exclusion Amount 6.30
4. Form: Authority to Make Gifts Beyond Annual Gift Tax Exclusion Amount 6.31
5. Form: Powers Relating to Gifts (Long Form) 6.32
B. Special Needs Trusts
1. Amending Trust to Create Special Needs Trust 6.33
2. Form: Authority to Create Special Needs Trust 6.34
C. Moving Assets to or From Trusts
1. Authority to Transfer Assets to or Remove Assets From Trusts 6.35
2. Form: Authority to Transfer Assets to and Remove Assets From Revocable Living Trust 6.36
D. Funding Trust Not Created by Principal
1. Authority to Fund Trusts Not Created by Principal 6.37
2. Form: Authority to Fund Trusts Not Created by Principal 6.38
1. Exercise of Powers of Appointment 6.39
2. Form: Authority to Exercise Powers of Appointment 6.40
F. Miscellaneous Tax Provision
1. Authority to Prepay or Postpone Taxes and to Borrow for Purposes of Tax Planning 6.41
2. Form: Authority to Prepay or Postpone Taxes and to Borrow and Grant Security Interests 6.42
G. Withdrawal Rights From Trusts
1. Authority to Exercise Annual “5 or 5” Power 6.43
2. Form: Authority to Exercise Annual Withdrawal Rights 6.44
1. Use of Disclaimers 6.45
2. Legal Requirements for Disclaimer
a. Federal Requirements for Qualified Disclaimer 6.46
b. California Requirements 6.47
3. Form: Authority to Execute Disclaimers 6.48
I. Farm and Business Interests
1. Qualification for Special-Use Valuation of Farm and Business Interests 6.49
2. Form: Authority to Make Elections and File Consents to Special-Use Valuation 6.50
J. Family-Owned Businesses
1. Family-Owned Business Deduction [Deleted] 6.51
2. Form: Authority to Take Family-Owned Business Deduction [Deleted] 6.52
K. Installment Payment of Federal Estate Taxes
1. Qualification for Installment Payment of Federal Estate Taxes 6.53
2. Form: Authority to Qualify for Installment Payment of Federal Estate Taxes 6.54
L. Transmutation
1. Conversion of Separate Property to Community Property 6.55
2. Form: Conversion of Joint Tenancy Property to Community Property 6.56
M. Aggregate Property Agreements
1. Entering Into Aggregate Property Agreement 6.57
2. Form: Entering Into Aggregate Property Agreement 6.58
N. Splitting Gifts With Spouse
1. Consent to Split Gifts With Spouse 6.59
2. Form: Authority to Consent to Split Gifts With Spouse 6.60
O. Tuition and Medical Expenses
1. Payment of Tuition and Medical Expenses 6.61
2. Form: Authority to Pay Third Party Tuition and Medical Expenses 6.62
P. Execution of Tax Returns and Representation on Other Tax Matters
1. Authority to Sign Tax Returns 6.63
2. Other Tax Matters Requiring Power of Attorney 6.64
3. Tax Matters Not Requiring Power of Attorney 6.65
4. IRS Power of Attorney Procedures
a. Types of Documents IRS Accepts and Other Required Procedures 6.66
b. IRS Form 2848 6.67
c. Power of Attorney Other Than IRS Form 2848 6.68
d. Filing Forms With IRS 6.69
e. Resubmission of Power of Attorney Forms After 3 Years 6.70
f. Substitution, Delegation, or Revocation of Power 6.71
5. Form: Authority to Represent Principal on Tax Matters and Sign Tax Returns 6.72
A. Preliminary Considerations 7.1
B. California’s Natural Death Act 7.2
C. Definitions of Common Health Care Planning Terms 7.3
D. Attorney’s Role
1. Defining Client’s Wishes on Health Care Issues 7.4
2. Advising Client After Execution of Health Care Documents 7.5
E. Distinguishing Between an Advance Health Care Directive (AHCD) and a Power of Attorney for Health Care (PAHC) 7.6
F. Types of Advance Health Care Directives 7.7
G. AHCD Agent’s Relationship With Agent Under DPOA 7.8
H. Capacity for Health Care Decision Making
1. “Capacity” Defined 7.9
2. Form: Physician’s Certificate of Incapacity 7.9A
3. Principal’s Rights 7.10
4. Agent’s Rights 7.11
I. Federal Protection of Right to Execute Advance Directive for Health Care 7.12
II. CONTENTS AND PROCEDURES
A. Basic Considerations 7.13
B. HIPAA Concerns 7.14
C. Contents and Execution Requirements 7.15
a. Statutory Requirements 7.16
b. Oral Acknowledgment May Be Permissible 7.17
2. Notarization 7.18
1. Proper Witnesses 7.19
2. Ombudsman as Witness 7.20
3. Form: Ombudsman as Witness 7.21
E. The Agent
1. Who May Serve 7.22
2. Selection 7.23
3. Multiple Agents and Decision-Makers
a. Multiple Agents 7.24
b. Form: Co-Agent Decision-Maker if Dispute 7.25
c. Single Agent With Advisers 7.26
d. Form: Provision for Advisory Committee 7.27
e. Excluding Involvement of Outside Organizations or Government Officials 7.28
f. Form: Excluding Unwanted Outsider Involvement 7.29
a. Procedures 7.30
b. Form: Resignation as Agent 7.31
c. Form: Temporary Resignation as Agent 7.32
F. Expiration 7.33
1. Procedures and Effect 7.34
2. Form: Revocation of PAHC 7.35
H. Execution in Another State 7.36
III. AGENT’S AUTHORITY
A. General Principles 7.37
1. Right to Receive Information 7.38
2. Right to Receive Compensation 7.39
3. Health Care Decisions by Surrogate 7.40
B. Presumptive Validity of AHCD 7.41
C. Limitations on Agent
1. Principal Has Capacity 7.42
2. Express Limitations in Document 7.43
a. Limitation on Placing Principal in a Facility and on Authorizing Convulsive Treatment, Psychosurgery, Sterilization, or Abortion 7.44
b. Specific Limitations on Execution and Use of PAHC 7.45
c. Prohibitions Against Mercy Killing, Assisted Suicide, and Euthanasia 7.46
D. Relationship to Conservator of the Person 7.47
E. Relationship to Surrogate 7.48
F. Medical Experimentation 7.49
G. Withholding or Withdrawing Medical Treatment
1. In General 7.50
2. Use of Detailed Forms 7.51
3. Artificially Administered Nutrition and Hydration 7.52
H. Postmortem Authority 7.53
1. Disposition of Remains 7.54
a. Agent Not Responsible for Funeral Expenses 7.55
b. Principal’s Killer Loses Rights Over Disposition of Remains 7.56
2. Authorize Autopsy 7.57
3. Anatomical Gifts 7.58
a. Agent’s Authorization to Make Anatomical Gift 7.59
b. Making Anatomical Gift 7.60
c. Revoking or Amending Anatomical Gift
(1) By Donor or by Agent Under Power of Attorney 7.61
(2) By Other Third Parties 7.62
d. Written Refusal to Make Anatomical Gift 7.63
4. Duty to Inform Individuals of Principal’s Death 7.63A
IV. RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS 7.64
A. Law Limits Health Care Professional’s Liability 7.65
B. Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment 7.66
C. Form: Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) [Deleted] 7.67
D. Health Care Providers’ Penalties for Violating Health Care Decisions Act 7.68
V. DOCUMENT REGISTRATION
A. State Registry System 7.69
B. Form: Registration of Written Advance Health Care Directive (Secretary of State Form SFL-461) 7.70
C. Alternate Registry Services
1. DocuBank 7.71
2. Legal Directives, LLC 7.72
VI. LIMITING COURT ENFORCEMENT
A. Limiting Power to Petition 7.73
B. Practical Considerations 7.74
C. Form: Limitation on Authority to Petition for Court Enforcement of Agent’s Duties 7.75
VII. SUMMARY OF HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 1996 (HIPAA) AND CALIFORNIA’S CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION ACT (CMIA) 7.76
A. Some Basic Terms and Requirements
1. Covered Entities 7.77
2. Protected Health Information 7.78
3. Written Authorization for Use or Disclosure 7.79
4. Disclosure Limited to “Minimum Necessary” 7.80
5. Required Notice to Patient 7.81
6. Privacy Official 7.82
B. HIPAA and Health Care Agents
1. Agents’ Problems Under HIPAA 7.83
2. Practical Suggestions 7.84
C. Resources 7.85
I. OVERVIEW 8.1
II. INTRODUCTION TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVES 8.2
A. Form: Statutory Form Advance Health Care Directive (Prob C §4701) 8.3
B. Form: Advance Health Care Directive (California Medical Association) 8.4
C. Form: California Medical Association Wallet Identification Card 8.5
D. Form: Advance Health Care Directive (California Hospital Association) 8.6
E. Form: Easily Understood Advance Health Care Directive (Institute for Healthcare Advancement) 8.7
F. Form: Advance Health Care Directive for Persons With Developmental Disabilities (Coalition for Compassionate Care) 8.7A
G. Psychiatric Advance Health Care Directive
1. Use of Psychiatric Advance Health Care Directive 8.7B
2. Form: Psychiatric Advance Health Care Directive 8.7C
III. ATTORNEY-DRAFTED FORM 8.8
A. Form: Designation of Agent and Successor Agents 8.9
B. Form: Nomination of Conservator of Person and Estate 8.10
C. Form: General Statement of Agent’s Authority 8.11
D. Form: When Agent’s Authority Becomes Effective 8.12
E. Form: Health Care Instruction—Prolong Life or Not Prolong Life 8.13
F. Form: Inspection and Disclosure of Confidential Medical Information 8.14
G. Form: Agent’s Authority to Sign Documents, Waivers, and Releases 8.15
H. Form: Agent’s and Others’ Visitation Rights 8.16
I. Form: Organ Donation 8.17
J. Form: Disposition of Remains 8.18
K. Form: Autopsy Authorization 8.19
L. Form: Administrative Provisions 8.20
M. Additional or Alternative Statements of Desires
1. Form: Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment 8.21
2. Form: Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease 8.22
3. Form: Participation in Medical Research 8.23
4. Form: Agent’s Authority to Act if Provider Fails to Honor Wishes of Principal 8.24
5. Form: Negative Designation of Agent 8.25
6. Form: No Premature Withdrawal of Treatment 8.26
7. Medical Directives Based on Religious Beliefs
a. The Issue 8.27
b. Form: Medical Directive and Release for Jehovah’s Witness Principal 8.28
c. Form: Medical Directive for Christian Scientist Principal 8.29
d. Form: Medical Directive for Orthodox Jewish Principal 8.30
e. Form: Medical Directive for Catholic Principal 8.31
N. Form: Agent’s Acceptance and Consent to Act 8.32
O. Form: Physician’s Acknowledgment 8.33
P. Form: Complete Attorney-Drafted AHCD 8.33A
Q. Form: One-Page Attorney-Drafted AHCD 8.33B
A. Introduction to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (CMIA) Release Forms 8.34
1. Form: Authorization to Release Health Information by Settlor, Principal, or Others 8.35
2. Form: Authorization to Release Health Information by Trustees, Co-Trustees, Successor Trustees, and Agents 8.36
3. Form: Requirement to Have Agent Under Power of Attorney Execute HIPAA and CMIA Release 8.37
4. Form: Authorization to Release Health Information to Health Care Agent 8.38
B. Request Regarding Resuscitative Measures
1. Statutory Authority 8.39
2. Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) 8.39A
3. Reliance by Health Care Providers 8.40
4. Practical Issues 8.41
5. Form: Agent Authorized to Direct or Consent to DNR Orders 8.42
6. Form: Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) 8.43
C. Anatomical Gifts
1. Issues to Discuss With Clients 8.44
2. Relevant Statutory Provisions 8.45
3. California Anatomical Gift Donor Registration (The Living Bank) 8.46
4. Form: Anatomical Gifts 8.47
D. Living Will 8.48
Health Care Decisions: The Legal and Medical Environments
A. Introduction 9.1
B. Problems Presented by Medical Technology 9.2
C. Role of Attorneys 9.3
II. LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
A. Right to Refuse Medical Treatment 9.4
1. Cruzan, First Supreme Court Case 9.5
2. Federal Law 9.6
3. Common Law Rights 9.7
4. Health Care Decisions Law 9.8
5. California Constitution 9.9
B. Right of Competent Persons to Refuse Medical Treatment 9.10
1. Right to Refuse Treatment; Informed Consent 9.11
2. Right to Refuse Mechanical Respiration 9.12
3. Right to Refuse Artificial Nutrition and Hydration 9.13
C. Right of Incompetent Persons to Refuse Medical Treatment 9.14
1. Proportionate-Treatment Test 9.15
2. Surrogate Decision-Maker’s Rights 9.16
3. Conservator’s Broad Discretion
a. Conservatee in Persistent Vegetative State
(1) California Law 9.17
(2) Limitations on Broad Discretion and Practice Considerations for California Attorneys 9.18
(3) Terri Schiavo Case 9.19
(a) Litigation 9.20
(b) Legislation and Further Litigation 9.21
(c) Lesson of Schiavo Case 9.22
b. Conservatee Conscious but Unable to Understand or Speak 9.23
4. Independent Counsel for Proposed Conservatee 9.24
5. Protection Under Health Care Decisions Law 9.25
D. Right to Demand Medical Treatment 9.26
E. Protection From Criminal or Civil Liability of Health Care Providers 9.27
a. Liability for Following Direction Regarding Care 9.28
b. Liability for Failing to Follow Direction Regarding Care 9.29
2. Statutes 9.30
F. Assisted Suicide 9.31
1. California Cases 9.32
2. Federal Cases 9.33
3. California Statutes and the End of Life Option Act 9.34
4. Laws of Other States 9.35
a. Oregon Law 9.36
b. Oregon’s Experience Under the Law 9.37
c. Washington’s Law 9.37A
d. Montana’s Law 9.37B
e. Vermont’s Law 9.37C
f. New Mexico’s Morris v Brandenburg 9.37D
5. Federal Legislation 9.38
6. Laws of Other Countries 9.39
7. Physician-Assisted Suicide 9.40
8. Federal Directive to Pursue Disciplinary Action Against Physicians Who Act Under Oregon’s Assisted Suicide Law 9.41
III. MEDICAL ENVIRONMENT
A. Introduction 9.42
1. Brain Death 9.43
2. Organ Donation 9.44
a. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act 9.45
b. California’s Passage of Anatomical Gift Act 9.46
c. Definition of Anatomical Gift 9.47
d. Persons Authorized to Make Anatomical Gift
(1) During Lifetime 9.48
(2) After Death 9.49
e. Making Anatomical Gift 9.50
f. Donor Registries 9.51
g. Where Gifts Can Be Made 9.52
h. Revoking or Amending Anatomical Gift
(1) By Donor or Agent Under Power of Attorney 9.53
(2) By Donor Alone 9.54
(3) By Other Third Parties 9.55
i. Refusing to Make Anatomical Gift 9.56
(1) Making Refusal 9.57
(2) Amending or Revoking Refusal 9.58
j. Preclusive Effect of Anatomical Gift 9.59
k. Emergency Personnel Must Reasonably Search for Documents Concerning Anatomical Gift 9.60
l. Authorized Examination by Agents or Others 9.61
m. Medical Viability and Other Concerns With UAGA 9.62
n. Case Highlighting Concerns With Anatomical Gifting 9.63
o. Attorney Considerations in Advising Clients About Organ Donation 9.64
3. Persistent Vegetative State (Irreversible Coma) 9.65
4. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 9.66
a. Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Policy During and After Surgery 9.67
b. Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Policy in Residential Care Facilities 9.68
5. Do-Not-Transfer and Do-Not-Hospitalize Orders 9.69
6. Mechanically Assisted Respiration 9.70
7. Artificial Nutritional Support
a. Types of Artificial Nutritional Support 9.71
b. Decision to Withdraw Artificial Nutritional Support 9.72
8. Maintenance Dialysis 9.73
9. Medicalization of Marijuana 9.74
a. Medical Necessity Defense and Controlled Substances Act 9.75
b. Constitutional Rights and Controlled Substances Act 9.76
c. Rohrabacher-Farr Medical Marijuana Amendment 9.76A
d. Recreationalization of Marijuana in California 9.76B
IV. DUTY TO EDUCATE 9.77
Robert S. Kosloff
II. THIRD PARTY ACCEPTANCE OF DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT (DPOA)
A. Legal Duty 10.2
B. Aids to Acceptance by Third Parties 10.3
1. General Suggestions 10.4
2. Better Communication 10.5
3. Drafting Solutions 10.6
C. Particularly Troublesome Third Parties
1. Banks 10.7
a. Bank Accounts 10.8
b. Safe Deposit Boxes 10.9
c. Online Banking 10.9A
2. Title Companies 10.10
3. Brokerage Firm or Stock Transfer Agents 10.11
D. Attorney-Drafted Forms to Aid DPOA Acceptance by Third Parties
1. Form: Affidavit (Prob C §4305) 10.12
2. Form: Third Parties Directed to Accept Agent’s Signature and Acts 10.13
3. Form: Enforcement and Damages for Noncompliance 10.14
4. Form: Release of Information to Agent Authorized and Privilege Waived 10.15
5. Form: Third Parties Held Harmless 10.16
6. Form: Sample Letter From Principal’s Attorney to Third Party 10.17
E. Last Straw: Legal Proceeding to Enforce Power of Attorney 10.18
III. THIRD PARTY ACCEPTANCE OF ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVE
A. Introduction 10.19
B. Types of Health Care Documents 10.20
C. Third Party’s Legal Duty
1. Third Parties May Not Legitimately Refuse to Honor AHCD 10.21
2. Limitation of Liability 10.22
3. Patient’s Protected Health Information (PHI); HIPAA and CMIA Considerations 10.22A
D. Aids to Acceptance of AHCD 10.23
E. Legal Proceedings to Enforce AHCD 10.24
F. Letters to Various Entities
1. Form: Letter to Doctor Concerning AHCD 10.25
2. Form: Letter to Nursing Home Administrator Concerning AHCD 10.26
3. Form: Letter to Residential Care Facility for Elderly (RCFE) Concerning AHCD 10.27
I. INTRODUCTION: GENERAL CONCEPTS 11.1
A. Probate Court Is Court of General Jurisdiction 11.2
B. Powers of Attorney Versus Non-Health-Care Issues 11.3
A. Avoiding Conflicts 11.4
B. Whether to File 11.5
C. Choice of Court and Proceeding 11.6
1. Appointment of Conservator With Power to Revoke or Amend 11.7
2. Challenge to Agent’s Amendment of Trust 11.8
3. Civil Action for Damages for Agent’s Wrongdoing 11.9
4. Injunction 11.10
5. Jury Trial 11.11
6. Agent’s Authority to Bind Principal to Arbitration 11.12
D. Ethics, Duty, and Privilege 11.13
1. Attorney-Client Privilege 11.14
2. Conflict of Interest 11.15
E. Evidentiary Issues 11.16
F. Issues Regarding Incapacity 11.17
1. Proving Deficits and Incapacity Under DPCDA 11.18
2. Presumptions Under DPCDA Affecting Capacity to Contract 11.19
3. Proving Incapacity Under the Health Care Decisions Law 11.20
III. PROCEDURAL CONSIDERATIONS
A. Applicable Law 11.21
1. Subject Matter Jurisdiction 11.22
2. Personal Jurisdiction 11.23
C. Nondurable Powers 11.24
D. Venue 11.25
E. Standing 11.26
1. Statutory Notice Requirements 11.27
2. Notice Under California Rules of Court 11.28
G. Miscellaneous Procedural Provisions 11.29
H. Guardian Ad Litem 11.30
I. Contents of Petition 11.31
J. Discovery, Law and Motion, and Trials 11.32
K. Obtaining Medical Information Under HIPAA and CMIA 11.33
L. Expenses and Attorney Fees 11.34
1. Reimbursement for Expenses and Attorney Fees 11.35
2. Award of Attorney Fees 11.36
M. Costs 11.37
N. Appeals 11.38
O. Representation by Counsel 11.39
IV. ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVES
A. Temporary Orders 11.40
B. Petition Regarding Advance Health Care Directives 11.41
C. No Direct Authority to Compel Recognition 11.42
D. Terminating Life Support 11.43
E. Form: Sample Petition to Compel Third Party to Honor Agent’s Authority to Arrange for Disposal of Principal’s Remains as Authorized in Advance Health Care Directive 11.44
F. Form: Sample Order to Compel Third Party to Honor Agent’s Authority to Arrange for Disposal of Principal’s Remains as Authorized in Advance Health Care Directive 11.45
V. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL CARE POWERS
1. Temporary Orders 11.46
2. Petitions Under Prob C §4541 11.47
a. Determining Whether Power Is in Effect or Has Terminated 11.48
b. Passing on Prior or Proposed Acts of Agent 11.49
c. Compelling Agent to Submit Accounts or Reports 11.50
d. Revoking Agent’s Authority 11.51
e. Approving Agent’s Resignation 11.52
3. Lack of Express Remedies Section 11.53
B. Types of Petitions Challenging Agent’s Actions 11.54
C. Refusal to Recognize Financial Management and Personal Care Powers 11.55
VI. SAMPLE PETITIONS AND ORDER
A. Form: Sample Petition to Compel Third Party to Honor Agent’s Authority and for Attorney Fees and Costs 11.56
B. Form: Sample Petition to Compel Accounting by Attorney-in-Fact, Award Attorney Fees, Remove Attorney-in-Fact, and Recognize Successor 11.57
C. Form: Sample Order to Compel Accounting by Attorney-in-Fact, Award Attorney Fees, Remove Attorney-in-Fact, and Recognize Successor 11.58