Source: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2011-title15/html/USCODE-2011-title15-chap81.htm
Timestamp: 2019-05-21 18:56:32
Document Index: 124744111

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2', '§1', '§1', '§2', '§3', '§7', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§3', '§4', '§7', '§7024', '§7024', '§7024', '§7024', '§5511', '§101', '§1052', '§4', '§7024', '§7024', '§7024', '§7024', '§7024', '§7024', '§7024', '§7024', '§7024', '§4', '§5512', '§102', '§5513', '§103', '§5', '§1067', '§201', '§202', '§203', '§1052', '§976', '§204', '§5525', '§205', '§5526', '§206', '§207', '§5528', '§208', '§3002', '§7024', '§6', '§6', '§2', '§3', '§5543', '§4']

(6) A 1991 report entitled “Grand Challenges: High-Performance Computing and Communications” by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, outlining a research and development strategy for high-performance computing, provides a framework for a multiagency high-performance computing program. Such a program would provide American researchers and educators with the computer and information resources they need, and demonstrate how advanced computers, high-capacity and high-speed networks, and electronic data bases can improve the national information infrastructure for use by all Americans.
1998—Par. (4). Pub. L. 105–305, §2(b)(1), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: “A high-capacity and high-speed national research and education computer network would provide researchers and educators with access to computer and information resources and act as a test bed for further research and development of high-capacity and high-speed computer networks.”
Pub. L. 105–305, §1, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2919, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 5513 of this title, amending this section and sections 5502, 5503, and 5511 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Next Generation Internet Research Act of 1998’.”
Section 1 of Pub. L. 102–194 provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘High-Performance Computing Act of 1991’.”
Pub. L. 108–423, §1, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2400, provided that: “This Act [enacting subchapter III of this chapter, amending sections 205l of this title and 1862n–9 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1862n–9 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Department of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004’.”
Pub. L. 105–305, §2(a), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2919, provided that: “The Congress finds that—
“(1) United States leadership in science and technology has been vital to the Nation's prosperity, national and economic security, and international competitiveness, and there is every reason to believe that maintaining this tradition will lead to long-term continuation of United States strategic advantages in information technology;
“(2) the United States investment in science and technology has yielded a scientific and engineering enterprise without peer, and that Federal investment in research is critical to the maintenance of United States leadership;
“(3) previous Federal investment in computer networking technology and related fields has resulted in the creation of new industries and new jobs in the United States;
“(4) the Internet is playing an increasingly important role in keeping citizens informed of the actions of their government; and
“(5) continued inter-agency cooperation is necessary to avoid wasteful duplication in Federal networking research and development programs.”
Pub. L. 105–305, §3(a), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2920, provided that: “The purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1998 Amendment note above] are—
“(1) to authorize, through the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5501 et seq.), research programs related to—
“(A) high-end computing and computation;
“(B) human-centered systems;
“(C) high confidence systems; and
“(D) education, training, and human resources; and
“(2) to provide, through the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5501 et seq.), for the development and coordination of a comprehensive and integrated United States research program which will—
“(A) focus on the research and development of a coordinated set of technologies that seeks to create a network infrastructure that can support greater speed, robustness, and flexibility than is currently available and promote connectivity and interoperability among advanced computer networks of Federal agencies and departments;
“(B) focus on research in technology that may result in high-speed data access for users that is both economically viable and does not impose a geographic penalty; and
“(C) encourage researchers to pursue approaches to networking technology that lead to maximally flexible and extensible solutions wherever feasible.”
Pub. L. 105–305, §7(a), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2924, provided that: “For purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1998 Amendment note above]—
“(1) Geographic penalty.—The term ‘geographic penalty’ means the imposition of costs on users of the Internet in rural or other locations, attributable to the distance of the user from network facilities, the low population density of the area in which the user is located, or other factors, that are disproportionately greater than the costs imposed on users in locations closer to such facilities or on users in locations with significantly greater population density.
“(2) Internet.—The term ‘Internet’ means the international computer network of both Federal and non-Federal interoperable packet switched data networks.”
1998—Pub. L. 105–305, §3(b)(1), substituted “Purposes” for “Purpose” as section catchline.
Pub. L. 105–305, §3(b)(2), substituted “purposes of this chapter are” for “purpose of this chapter is” in introductory provisions.
Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 105–305, §3(b)(3), redesignated subpar. (B) as (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “establish a high-capacity and high-speed National Research and Education Network;”.
Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 105–305, §3(b)(3), (4), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and substituted “Internet” for “Network”. Former subpar. (B) redesignated (A).
Par. (1)(C) to (I). Pub. L. 105–305, §3(b)(3), (5), redesignated subpars. (D) to (I) as (C) to (H), respectively, and struck out “and” at end of par. (H).
Par. (2). Pub. L. 105–305, §3(b)(6), substituted “network research and development programs;” for “efforts.”
(1) “Director” means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
(2) “Grand Challenge” means a fundamental problem in science or engineering, with broad economic and scientific impact, whose solution will require the application of high-performance computing resources and multidisciplinary teams of researchers;
(3) “high-performance computing” means advanced computing, communications, and information technologies, including supercomputer systems, high-capacity and high-speed networks, special purpose and experimental systems, applications and systems software, and the management of large data sets;
(4) “Internet” means the international computer network of both Federal and non-Federal interoperable data networks;
(5) “Network” means a computer network referred to as the National Research and Education Network established under section 5512 of this title;
(6) “Program” means the National High-Performance Computing Program described in section 5511 of this title; and
(7) “Program Component Areas” means the major subject areas under which related individual projects and activities carried out under the Program are grouped.
(Pub. L. 102–194, §4, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1595; Pub. L. 105–305, §7(b), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2924; Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, §7024(a)(2), Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 689.)
2007—Par. (2). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(2)(A), inserted “and multidisciplinary teams of researchers” after “high-performance computing resources”.
Par. (3). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(2)(B), struck out “scientific workstations,” after “technologies, including” and “(including vector supercomputers and large scale parallel systems)” after “supercomputer systems”, substituted “applications” for “and applications”, and inserted “, and the management of large data sets” after “systems software”.
Par. (4). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(2)(C), struck out “packet switched” before “data networks”.
§5511. National High-Performance Computing Program
(a) National High-Performance Computing Program
(1) The President shall implement a National High-Performance Computing Program, which shall—
(A) provide for long-term basic and applied research on high-performance computing, including networking;
(B) provide for research and development on, and demonstration of, technologies to advance the capacity and capabilities of high-performance computing and networking systems, and related software;
(C) provide for sustained access by the research community throughout the United States to high-performance computing and networking systems that are among the most advanced in the world in terms of performance in solving scientific and engineering problems, including provision for technical support for users of such systems;
(D) provide for widely dispersed efforts to increase software availability, productivity, capability, security, portability, and reliability;
(I) provide for improving the security of computing and networking systems, including Federal systems, including providing for research required to establish security standards and practices for these systems.
(E) develop and maintain a research, development, and deployment roadmap covering all States and regions for the provision of high-performance computing and networking systems under paragraph (1)(C); and
(F) consult with academic, State, industry, and other appropriate groups conducting research on and using high-performance computing.
(B) set forth the relevant programs and activities, for the fiscal year with respect to which the budget submission applies, of each Federal agency and department, including—
(vii) the Department of the Interior;
(ix) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
(x) the National Science Foundation; and
(xi) such other agencies and departments as the President or the Director considers appropriate;
(C) describe the levels of Federal funding for the fiscal year during which such report is submitted, and the levels proposed for the fiscal year with respect to which the budget submission applies, for each Program Component Area;
(D) describe the levels of Federal funding for each agency and department participating in the Program, and for each Program Component Area, for the fiscal year during which such report is submitted, and the levels proposed for the fiscal year with respect to which the budget submission applies; and
(E) include an analysis of the progress made toward achieving the goals and priorities established for the Program and the extent to which the Program incorporates the recommendations of the advisory committee established under subsection (b).
(1) The President shall establish an advisory committee on high-performance computing, consisting of geographically dispersed non-Federal members, including representatives of the research, education, and library communities, network and related software providers, and industry representatives in the Program Component Areas, who are specially qualified to provide the Director with advice and information on high-performance computing. The recommendations of the advisory committee shall be considered in reviewing and revising the Program. The advisory committee shall provide the Director with an independent assessment of—
(D) whether the research and development undertaken pursuant to the Program is helping to maintain United States leadership in high-performance computing, networking technology, and related software; and
(2) In addition to the duties outlined in paragraph (1), the advisory committee shall conduct periodic evaluations of the funding, management, coordination, implementation, and activities of the Program. The advisory committee shall report not less frequently than once every 2 fiscal years to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on its findings and recommendations. The first report shall be due within 1 year after August 9, 2007.
(A) identifies each element of its high-performance computing activities which contributes directly to the Program Component Areas or benefits from the Program; and
(2) The Office of Management and Budget shall review each such report in light of the goals, priorities, and agency and departmental responsibilities set forth in the annual report submitted under subsection (a)(2)(D) of this section, and shall include, in the President's annual budget estimate, a statement of the portion of each appropriate agency's or department's annual budget estimate relating to its activities undertaken pursuant to the Program.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title I, §101, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1595; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1052(k), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 719; Pub. L. 105–305, §4, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2921; Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, §7024(a)(1)(B)–(D), Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 686–689.)
Subsec. (a)(2)(A) to (F). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(1)(B)(iii), added subpars. (A) to (C) and (E), redesignated former subpars. (A) and (C) as (D) and (F), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “provide for interagency coordination of the Program; and”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(1)(B)(iv)(I), substituted “paragraph (2)(D)” for “paragraph (3)(A)” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(1)(B)(iv)(II), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “include a detailed description of the goals and priorities established by the President for the Program;”.
Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(1)(B)(iv)(III), substituted “each Program Component Area” for “specific activities, including education, research, hardware and software development, and support for the establishment of the Network”.
Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(1)(B)(iv)(IV), (V), inserted “, and for each Program Component Area,” after “participating in the Program” and “and” after “applies;”.
Subsec. (a)(3)(E), (F). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(1)(B)(iv)(VI), (VII), redesignated subpar. (F) as (E), inserted “and the extent to which the Program incorporates the recommendations of the advisory committee established under subsection (b)” after “for the Program”, and struck out former subpar. (E) which read as follows: “include the report of the Secretary of Energy required by section 5523(d) of this title; and”.
Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(1)(D)(i), substituted “Program Component Areas or” for “Program or”.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 110–69, §7024(a)(1)(D)(ii), substituted “subsection (a)(2)(D)” for “subsection (a)(3)(A)”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–305, §4(b), struck out “High-performance computing” before “advisory committee” in heading.
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology to serve as the advisory committee identified in sections 5511(b) and 5513(b) of this title and to be known as the President's Innovation and Technology Advisory Committee when so serving, see section 2(a)(iii) of Ex. Ord. No. 13539, set out as a note under section 6601 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Section 1. Establishment. There is established the “President's Information Technology Advisory Committee” (“Committee”). The Committee shall consist of not more than 30 nonfederal members appointed by the President, including representatives of the research, education, and library communities, network providers, and representatives from critical industries. Members appointed prior to June 1, 2001, shall serve until December 1, 2001, unless reappointed by the President. Members appointed or reappointed on or after June 1, 2001, shall serve for no more than 2 years from the date of their appointment, unless their period of service is extended by the President. The President shall designate two co-chairs from among the members of the Committee. A co-chair may serve for a term of 2 years or until the end of his or her service as a member of the Committee, whichever is the shorter period.
§5512. National Research and Education Network
As part of the Program, the National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, the Department of Commerce, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other agencies participating in the Program shall support the establishment of the National Research and Education Network, portions of which shall, to the extent technically feasible, be capable of transmitting data at one gigabit per second or greater by 1996. The Network shall provide for the linkage of research institutions and educational institutions, government, and industry in every State.
Federal agencies and departments shall work with private network service providers, State and local agencies, libraries, educational institutions and organizations, and others, as appropriate, in order to ensure that the researchers, educators, and students have access, as appropriate, to the Network. The Network is to provide users with appropriate access to high-performance computing systems, electronic information resources, other research facilities, and libraries. The Network shall provide access, to the extent practicable, to electronic information resources maintained by libraries, research facilities, publishers, and affiliated organizations.
(c) Network characteristics
The Network shall—
(1) be developed and deployed with the computer, telecommunications, and information industries;
(2) be designed, developed, and operated in collaboration with potential users in government, industry, and research institutions and educational institutions;
(3) be designed, developed, and operated in a manner which fosters and maintains competition and private sector investment in high-speed data networking within the telecommunications industry;
(4) be designed, developed, and operated in a manner which promotes research and development leading to development of commercial data communications and telecommunications standards, whose development will encourage the establishment of privately operated high-speed commercial networks;
(5) be designed and operated so as to ensure the continued application of laws that provide network and information resources security measures, including those that protect copyright and other intellectual property rights, and those that control access to data bases and protect national security;
(6) have accounting mechanisms which allow users or groups of users to be charged for their usage of copyrighted materials available over the Network and, where appropriate and technically feasible, for their usage of the Network;
(7) ensure the interoperability of Federal and non-Federal computer networks, to the extent appropriate, in a way that allows autonomy for each component network;
(8) be developed by purchasing standard commercial transmission and network services from vendors whenever feasible, and by contracting for customized services when not feasible, in order to minimize Federal investment in network hardware;
(9) support research and development of networking software and hardware; and
(10) serve as a test bed for further research and development of high-capacity and high-speed computing networks and demonstrate how advanced computers, high-capacity and high-speed computing networks, and data bases can improve the national information infrastructure.
(d) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency responsibility
As part of the Program, the Department of Defense, through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, shall support research and development of advanced fiber optics technology, switches, and protocols needed to develop the Network.
(e) Information services
The Director shall assist the President in coordinating the activities of appropriate agencies and departments to promote the development of information services that could be provided over the Network. These services may include the provision of directories of the users and services on computer networks, data bases of unclassified Federal scientific data, training of users of data bases and computer networks, access to commercial information services for users of the Network, and technology to support computer-based collaboration that allows researchers and educators around the Nation to share information and instrumentation.
(f) Use of grant funds
All Federal agencies and departments are authorized to allow recipients of Federal research grants to use grant moneys to pay for computer networking expenses.
Within one year after December 9, 1991, the Director shall report to the Congress on—
(1) effective mechanisms for providing operating funds for the maintenance and use of the Network, including user fees, industry support, and continued Federal investment;
(2) the future operation and evolution of the Network;
(3) how commercial information service providers could be charged for access to the Network, and how Network users could be charged for such commercial information services;
(4) the technological feasibility of allowing commercial information service providers to use the Network and other federally funded research networks;
(5) how to protect the copyrights of material distributed over the Network; and
(6) appropriate policies to ensure the security of resources available on the Network and to protect the privacy of users of networks.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title I, §102, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1598.)
§5513. Next Generation Internet
The National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the National Institutes of Health, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology may support the Next Generation Internet program. The objectives of the Next Generation Internet program shall be to—
(1) support research, development, and demonstration of advanced networking technologies to increase the capabilities and improve the performance of the Internet;
(2) develop an advanced testbed network connecting a significant number of research sites, including universities, Federal research institutions, and other appropriate research partner institutions, to support networking research and to demonstrate new networking technologies; and
(3) develop and demonstrate advanced Internet applications that meet important national goals or agency mission needs, and that are supported by the activities described in paragraphs (1) and (2).
(b) Duties of Advisory Committee
The President's Information Technology Advisory Committee (established pursuant to section 5511(b) of this title by Executive Order No. 13035 of February 11, 1997 (62 F.R. 7131), as amended by Executive Order No. 13092 of July 24, 1998), in addition to its functions under section 5511(b) of this title, shall—
(1) assess the extent to which the Next Generation Internet program—
(A) carries out the purposes of this chapter; and
(B) addresses concerns relating to, among other matters—
(i) geographic penalties (as defined in section 7(1) of the Next Generation Internet Research Act of 1998); 1
(ii) the adequacy of access to the Internet by Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Hispanic Serving Institutions, and small colleges and universities (whose enrollment is less than 5,000) and the degree of participation of those institutions in activities described in subsection (a) of this section; and
(iii) technology transfer to and from the private sector;
(2) review the extent to which the role of each Federal agency and department involved in implementing the Next Generation Internet program is clear and complementary to, and non-duplicative of, the roles of other participating agencies and departments;
(3) assess the extent to which Federal support of fundamental research in computing is sufficient to maintain the Nation's critical leadership in this field; and
(4) make recommendations relating to its findings under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3).
The Advisory Committee shall review implementation of the Next Generation Internet program and shall report, not less frequently than annually, to the President, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, and the Committee on Science, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on its findings and recommendations for the preceding fiscal year. The first such report shall be submitted 6 months after October 28, 1998, and the last report shall be submitted by September 30, 2000.
There are authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this section—
(1) for the Department of Energy, $22,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 and $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2000;
(2) for the National Science Foundation, $25,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 and $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, as authorized in the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1998;
(3) for the National Institutes of Health, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 and $7,500,000 for fiscal year 2000;
(4) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2000; and
(5) for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 and $7,500,000 for fiscal year 2000.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title I, §103, as added Pub. L. 105–305, §5, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2921; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1067(20), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 775.)
Section 7(1) of the Next Generation Internet Research Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B)(i), probably means section 7(a)(1) of Pub. L. 105–305, which is set out as a note under section 5501 of this title.
1999—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted “Committee on Armed Services of the House” for “Committee on National Security of the House”.
(1) the National Science Foundation shall provide computing and networking infrastructure support for all science and engineering disciplines, and support basic research and human resource development in all aspects of high-performance computing and advanced high-speed computer networking;
(2) to the extent that colleges, universities, and libraries cannot connect to the Network with the assistance of the private sector, the National Science Foundation shall have primary responsibility for assisting colleges, universities, and libraries to connect to the Network;
(3) the National Science Foundation shall serve as the primary source of information on access to and use of the Network; and
(4) the National Science Foundation shall upgrade the National Science Foundation funded network, assist regional networks to upgrade their capabilities, and provide other Federal departments and agencies the opportunity to connect to the National Science Foundation funded network.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, §201, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1599.)
As part of the Program described in subchapter I of this chapter, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall conduct basic and applied research in high-performance computing, particularly in the field of computational science, with emphasis on aerospace sciences, earth and space sciences, and remote exploration and experimentation.
From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the purposes of the Program $72,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; $107,000,000 for fiscal year 1993; $134,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; $151,000,000 for fiscal year 1995; and $145,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, §202, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1600.)
As part of the Program described in subchapter I of this chapter, the Secretary of Energy shall—
(A) the provision of high-performance computing systems that are among the most advanced in the world in terms of performance in solving scientific and engineering problems; and
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, §203, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1600; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1052(j), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 719; Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, §976(b), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 903.)
(A) conduct basic and applied measurement research needed to support various high-performance computing systems and networks;
(B) develop and propose standards and guidelines, and develop measurement techniques and test methods, for the interoperability of high-performance computing systems in networks and for common user interfaces to systems; and
(C) be responsible for developing benchmark tests and standards for high-performance computing systems and software; and
(A) evaluate the impact of Federal procurement regulations that require that contractors providing software to the Federal Government share the rights to proprietary software development tools that the contractors use to develop the software; and
(B) determine whether such regulations discourage development of improved software development tools and techniques.
(2) The Secretary of Commerce shall, within one year after December 9, 1991, report to the Congress regarding the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1).
From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated—
(1) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the purposes of the Program $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1993; $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; $6,000,000 for fiscal year 1995; and $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1996; and
(2) to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the purposes of the Program $2,500,000 for fiscal year 1992; $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1993; $3,500,000 for fiscal year 1994; $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1995; and $4,500,000 for fiscal year 1996.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, §204, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1601.)
§5525. Environmental Protection Agency activities
As part of the Program described in subchapter I of this chapter, the Environmental Protection Agency shall conduct basic and applied research directed toward the advancement and dissemination of computational techniques and software tools which form the core of ecosystem, atmospheric chemistry, and atmospheric dynamics models.
From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Environmental Protection Agency for the purposes of the Program $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; $5,500,000 for fiscal year 1993; $6,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; $6,500,000 for fiscal year 1995; and $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, §205, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1602.)
§5526. Role of Department of Education
As part of the Program described in subchapter I of this chapter, the Secretary of Education is authorized to conduct basic and applied research in computational research with an emphasis on the coordination of activities with libraries, school facilities, and education research groups with respect to the advancement and dissemination of computational science and the development, evaluation and application of software capabilities.
From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Education for the purposes of this section $1,500,000 for fiscal year 1992; $1,700,000 for fiscal year 1993; $1,900,000 for fiscal year 1994; $2,100,000 for fiscal year 1995; and $2,300,000 for fiscal year 1996.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, §206, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1602.)
(2) computer systems the function, operation, or use of which are those delineated in paragraphs (1) through (5) of section 2315(a) of title 10.1
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, §207, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1602.)
1 So in original. Section 2315 of title 10 does not contain a subsec. (a).
§5528. Fostering United States competitiveness in high-performance computing and related activities
(1) High-performance computing and associated technologies are critical to the United States economy.
(2) While the United States has led the development of high-performance computing, United States industry is facing increasing global competition.
(3) Despite existing international agreements on fair competition and nondiscrimination in government procurements, there is increasing concern that such agreements are not being honored, that more aggressive enforcement of such agreements is needed, and that additional steps may be required to ensure fair global competition, particularly in high-technology fields such as high-performance computing and associated technologies.
(4) It is appropriate for Federal agencies and departments to use the funds authorized for the Program in a manner which most effectively fosters the maintenance and development of United States leadership in high-performance computers and associated technologies in and for the benefit of the United States.
(5) It is appropriate for Federal agencies and departments to use the funds authorized for the Program in a manner, consistent with the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.), which most effectively fosters reciprocal competitive procurement treatment by foreign governments for United States high-performance computing and associated technology products and suppliers.
The Director shall submit an annual report to Congress that identifies—
(A) any grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or cooperative research and development agreement (as defined under section 3710a(d)(1) of this title) made or entered into by any Federal agency or department for research and development under the Program with—
(i) any company other than a company that is either incorporated or located in the United States, and that has majority ownership by individuals who are citizens of the United States; or
(ii) any educational institution or nonprofit institution located outside the United States; and
(B) any procurement exceeding $1,000,000 by any Federal agency or department under the Program for—
(i) unmanufactured articles, materials, or supplies mined or produced outside the United States; or
(ii) manufactured articles, materials, or supplies other than those manufactured in the United States substantially all from articles, materials, or supplies mined, produced, or manufactured in the United States,
(2) Consolidation of reports
The report required by this subsection may be included with the report required by section 5511(a)(3)(A) 1 of this title.
(c) Application of Buy American Act
This chapter does not affect the applicability of chapter 83 of title 41 to procurements by Federal agencies and departments undertaken as a part of the Program.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, §208, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1603; Pub. L. 110–69, title III, §3002(c)(6), Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 587.)
Section 5511(a)(3)(A) of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), was redesignated section 5511(a)(2)(D) of this title by Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, §7024(a)(1)(B)(ii), (iii)(II), Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 687.
In subsec. (b)(1)(B), “chapter 83 of title 41” substituted for “title III of the Act of March 3, 1933 (41 U.S.C. 10a–10d; popularly known as the Buy American Act) as amended by the Buy American Act of 1988” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.
In subsec. (c), “chapter 83 of title 41” substituted for “title III of the Act of March 3, 1933 (41 U.S.C. 10a–10d; popularly known as the Buy American Act), as amended by the Buy American Act of 1988,” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.
2007—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 110–69 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to review of Supercomputer Agreement.
For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under subsec. (b)(1) of this section is listed on page 185), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
The term “Center” means a High-End Software Development Center established under section 5542(d) of this title.
(2) High-end computing system
The term “high-end computing system” means a computing system with performance that substantially exceeds that of systems that are commonly available for advanced scientific and engineering applications.
(3) Leadership System
The term “Leadership System” means a high-end computing system that is among the most advanced in the world in terms of performance in solving scientific and engineering problems.
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Energy, acting through the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy.
(Pub. L. 108–423, §2, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2400.)
(d) High-End Software Development Center
As part of the program carried out under this subchapter, the Secretary shall establish at least 1 High-End Software Development Center.
A Center shall concentrate efforts to develop, test, maintain, and support optimal algorithms, programming environments, tools, languages, and operating systems for high-end computing systems.
In soliciting proposals for the Center, the Secretary shall encourage staffing arrangements that include both permanent staff and a rotating staff of researchers from other institutions and industry to assist in coordination of research efforts and promote technology transfer to the private sector.
(4) Use of expertise
The Secretary shall use the expertise of a Center to assess research and development in high-end computing system architecture.
The selection of a Center shall be determined by a competitive proposal process administered by the Secretary.
(Pub. L. 108–423, §3, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2400.)
§5543. Authorization of appropriations
In addition to amounts otherwise made available for high-end computing, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subchapter—
(Pub. L. 108–423, §4, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2402.)