Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101199416B/en
Timestamp: 2019-06-18 23:42:00
Document Index: 497130814

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'ART0', 'ART0', 'application No. 11', 'application No. 11', 'art 184']

CN101199416B - Correlation of cardiac electrical maps with body surface measurements - Google Patents
CN101199416B
CN101199416B CN 200710182138 CN200710182138A CN101199416B CN 101199416 B CN101199416 B CN 101199416B CN 200710182138 CN200710182138 CN 200710182138 CN 200710182138 A CN200710182138 A CN 200710182138A CN 101199416 B CN101199416 B CN 101199416B
CN 200710182138
CN101199416A (en
J·波拉思
M·巴-塔尔
2006-09-06 Priority to US60/824680 priority
2007-08-28 Priority to US11/845973 priority
2007-09-06 Application filed by 韦伯斯特生物官能公司 filed Critical 韦伯斯特生物官能公司
2008-06-18 Publication of CN101199416A publication Critical patent/CN101199416A/en
2012-06-13 Publication of CN101199416B publication Critical patent/CN101199416B/en
心电图与体表测量的相关性[0001] 交叉参考相关申请[0002] 本申请要求2006年9月6日提交的美国临时申请No. 60/824，680的优先权，其作为参考结合于此。 Correlation between the body surface ECG measurements [0001] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0002] This application claims priority to US September 6, 2006, filed Provisional Application No. 60 / 824,680, which is incorporated herein by reference. 技术领域[0003] 本发明涉及心律不齐的评估和治疗。 Technical Field [0003] The present invention relates to evaluation and treatment of arrhythmia. 更具体地，本发明涉及改进心脏的电子绘图， 用于在评估心律不齐及其消融治疗中使用。 More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved electronic drawing of the heart, arrhythmias and for assessing ablation are used. 背景技术[0004] 基于体表心电图（ECG)技术、用于心脏中的电位的非侵入绘图的方法是已知的。 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0004] Based on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) techniques, non-invasive methods for mapping the heart potentials are known. 这些方法将3维成像与ECG数据结合，以便产生产生心外膜表面上以及心内膜表面上电位的3维图。 The three-dimensional imaging method in conjunction with the ECG data in order to generate three-dimensional epicardial surface of the upper core and generating endocardial surface potential. [0005] 文献Modre等的“均勻节律数据的心房非侵入激活绘图（Atrial NoninvasiveActivation Mapping of Paced Rththm Data) "J.Cardiovasc. Electrophysiologyl4 :712-719, (2003 年7 月)，基于磁共振成像(MRI)和ECG 绘图数据， 描述了表面心脏模型激活时间（AT)成像方法。 . [0005] Document Modre like "atrial rhythm uniform non-invasive activation of drawing data (Atrial NoninvasiveActivation Mapping of Paced Rththm Data)" J.Cardiovasc Electrophysiologyl4: 712-719, (July 2003), based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) and ECG mapping data describing a surface heart model activation time (AT) imaging methods. 心内膜和心外膜表面都可能以这种方式绘图。 Endocardial and epicardial surfaces in this manner may drawing. AT模式与心房电位的CART0™图比较。 Compare CART0 ™ Figure AT mode with atrial potential. 外部的解剖标记在内部绘图后通过将导管端移动到在体表的标记位置，用于将CARTO数据偶合到MRI定位系统。 External anatomical landmark in the drawing to move inside the catheter tip to the body surface at the marker position, for positioning the coupling CARTO data to the MRI system via. 有人建议心房内的AT成像对于患有局灶心律失常患者的心房活性的非侵入成像是有用的。 It was suggested that AT atrium imaging for non-invasive imaging of atrial activity in patients suffering from focal arrhythmia is useful. 发明内容[0006] 在本发明的实施例中，心脏的电子图通过两种形式获取：一种相对较大侵入而另一种较少侵入。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0006] In an embodiment of the present invention, obtained by cardiac FIG electrons in two forms: a relatively large intrusion and the other less invasive. 在一个实施例中，较大侵入的图是使用导管绘图系统获取的心内膜的图。 In one embodiment, FIG intrusion is larger FIG catheter endocardial mapping of system acquisition. 多个较少侵入的图可以基于体表ECG非侵入地获取。 FIG less invasive plurality may be acquired non-invasively based body surface ECG. 可替换地或另外地，较少侵入的图可以使用心外膜的接触探测器（如穿过胸壁插入心包的导管）来获取。 Alternatively or additionally, use may be less invasive FIG epicardial contact detector (e.g., pericardium inserted through the chest wall of the catheter) to obtain. 较少侵入的图典型地显示心外膜上的电位，尽管它们也可以显示心内膜电位，如在上面提到的文献“均勻节律数据的心房非侵入激活绘图”（Modre等人）中描述的，较少侵入的图基于的是心脏外部获取的数据，其中主要感兴趣的是心外膜电位，尽管它们可以附带地包括心内膜信息。 FIG typically less invasive potential of the display on the epicardium, although they may also show endocardial potentials, as described in the above mentioned document "atrial rhythm uniform non-invasive activation of drawing data" (Modre et al.) and FIG less invasive based on data acquired outside the heart, where the main interest is epicardial potentials, although they may incidentally include endocardial information. [0007] 心内膜和心外膜电子图的特征可以使用解剖学标记和/或各图的电子特征相互配准。 [0007] characterized in endocardial and epicardial electronic map and anatomical landmarks may be used electronic features / or registered with one another in each figure. 配准的目的是建立两张图的电子特征之间的对应关系或相关性。 The purpose of registration is to establish a correspondence between the electrical characteristics of two or correlation FIG. 一旦已经建立了相关性，就可以将电子变换函数应用到随后的、重复的心外膜图，以生成心内膜图的新版本而不必重复侵入的心内膜绘图过程。 Once the correlation has been established, it may be applied to the subsequent electron transfer function, epicardial FIG repeated to generate a new version of FIG endocardium without repeating the invasive endocardial mapping procedure. [0008] 本发明的各方面使用小量的心内膜测量和相对大量的ECG通道，来产生心内膜电位的病人特定的时空图，ECG通道作为体表电位图而获取。 [0008] Aspects of the present invention uses a small amount of endocardial measurements and a relatively large number of ECG channels, to produce patient-specific spatiotemporal FIG endocardial potential, the potential of the body surface ECG channel as acquired FIG. 此外，能够估计时空的心内膜图。 In addition, space-time can be estimated endocardial FIG. [0009] 例如，本发明的方法可以用于跟随通过非侵入的或心包的方式进行心律不齐的消融治疗之后。 [0009] For example, the method of the present invention may be used to follow after ablation treatment of arrhythmias by non-invasive or pericardial manner. 在治疗之后，重复心外膜图的获取以便确定治疗是否成功可是足够的。 After treatment, repeat epicardial map of acquisition in order to determine whether the treatment is successful but adequate. 在心外膜图中观察到的改变可以投射到心内膜图上，以便验证治疗结果。 FIG epicardial observed changes may be projected onto the endocardial map, in order to validate the treatment results. [0010] 本发明的方法也可以用在能够以类似方式测量和绘制的心脏的其它属性的相关心内膜和心外膜图。 [0010] The method of the present invention may also be used in other properties can be measured and plotted in a similar manner related heart endocardial and epicardial FIG. [0011] 本发明的实施例提供一种用于生成活体对象的心脏电子图的方法，其通过将探测器（如导管）插入心脏腔室中来执行。 Example [0011] The present invention provides a method for the electronic heart of the living body of FIG generating object, which is performed by the probe (catheter) into the heart chamber. 该探测器具有至少一个电极，并可以配备有第一位置传感器。 The detector has at least one electrode, and may be equipped with a first position sensor. 电信号从来自心脏内的至少一个发射点的该至少一个电极发射，并且在至少一个接收点接收。 An electrical signal from the heart from a transmission point of the at least one electrode of the at least transmitting and receiving at least one receiving point. 典型地，存在多个发射点和接收点。 Typically, there is a plurality of transmission points and the reception point. 接收点可以在对象的内部或外部。 It can be internal or external to the receiving point in the object. 该方法还通过相对于发射点定位接收点、以及计算发射的电信号和接收的电信号之间的函数关系（如线性矩阵关系）来执行。 The method is also performed with respect to the transmission point positioning reception point, and a function (such as a linear matrix relationship) between the electrical signal and calculate the transmit electrical signals received through. 该计算可以通过确定测量的导联场矩阵（lead field matrix)、以及通过从测量的导联场矩阵计算反转的导联场矩阵来执行，该测量的导联场矩阵定义发射的电信号和接收的电信号之间的线性矩阵关系。 This calculation may be determined by measurement of the lead field matrix (lead field matrix), and is performed by calculating the inverted lead field matrix from the measured lead field matrix, the lead field matrix is ​​defined and measured electrical signals emitted linear matrix relationship between the received electrical signal. 可替换地，能够确定反转的导联场矩阵而不用明确地计算测量的导联场矩阵。 Alternatively, it is possible to determine the inverted lead field matrix without explicitly calculating measured lead field matrix. 该方法还通过在相同或其它接收点接收电生理学信号、并将反转的导联场矩阵应用到该电生理学信号以获取心内膜电子图来执行。 The method also by the same or other receiving point electrophysiological signals, and the inverted lead field matrix is ​​applied to the electrophysiological signals to obtain an electronic endocardial FIG performed. [0012] 在该方法的一个方面中，通过将接收点与第二位置传感器关联、并且读取第一位置传感器和第二位置传感器以确定其间的差别，来使接收点相对于发射点放置。 [0012] In one aspect of this method, by receiving point associated with a second position sensor, and reads a first position sensor and second position sensor to determine the difference therebetween, the reception point with respect to the emission point is placed. [0013] 根据该方法的另一方面，导管具有至少两个电极，电信号从电极的不同子集发射。 [0013] According to another aspect of the method, the catheter having at least two electrodes, the electric signal emitted from different subsets of electrodes. 发射的信号可以是时分复用或频分复用的。 Time division multiplexed signal can be transmitted or frequency division multiplexing. [0014] 根据该方法的另一方面，电极是单极电极。 [0014] According to another aspect of the method, the electrode is a monopolar electrode. 可替换地，该电极可以是双极的。 Alternatively, the electrode may be bipolar. [0015] 在该方法的一个方面中，在接收点和发射点的子集之间确定阻抗。 [0015] In one aspect of the method, a subset of the reception point between the emission point and the determined impedance. [0016] 在该方法的另一方面中，从在发射点的子集中生成的电偶接收信号。 [0016] In another aspect of the method, the received signal from the galvanic point of emission generated centrally. [0017] 在该方法的另一方面中，相对于对象的呼吸周期的预定相位，执行发射电信号、接收发射的电信号、确定测量的导联场矩阵、以及计算反转的导联场矩阵。 [0017] In another aspect of the method, the phase of the respiratory cycle with respect to a predetermined object, performs transmit electrical signals, receiving electrical signals emitted, determining the measured lead field matrix, and calculating an inverted lead field matrix . [0018] 在该方法的另一方面中，相对于对象的心动周期的预定相位，执行发射电信号、接收发射的电信号、确定测量的导联场矩阵、以及计算反转的导联场矩阵。 [0018] In another aspect of the method, with respect to a predetermined phase of a cardiac cycle of the subject, to perform transmit electrical signals, receiving electrical signals emitted, determining the measured lead field matrix, and calculating an inverted lead field matrix . [0019] 该方法的一个方面包括获取胸部的解剖图像、使用该解剖图像来准备胸部的有限元素模型、以及调整该有限元素模型的参数以使计算的导联场矩阵符合测量的导联场矩阵。 [0019] An aspect of the method includes obtaining anatomical image of the chest, using the anatomic image to prepare a finite element model of the chest, and adjusting parameters of the finite element model to make the lead field matrix is ​​calculated in line with the lead field matrix measured . [0020] 该方法的另一方面，通过调节测量的导联场矩阵来计算反转的导联场矩阵。 [0020] Another aspect of the method, is calculated by adjusting the inverted lead field matrix measured lead field matrix. 通过移除反转导联场矩阵的零空间来实现规则化。 It is achieved by removing the rule of reversing lead field matrix null space. [0021 ] 本发明的其它方法提供用于实现该方法的装置。 [0021] Other methods of the present invention provides apparatus for implementing the method. 附图说明[0022] 为了更好的理解本发明，可参考通过示例方式的本发明的详细描述，其要结合以下附图阅读，其中相同的元件给定了相同的标号，并且在其中：[0023] 图1是用于关联多个电子心脏图的系统的高级图，该电子心脏图根据本发明公开的实施例来构造和实施；[0024] 图2是在图1示出的系统中使用的导管的远端的平面图；[0025] 图3是关联心内膜和心外膜电子图的系统的图示，该电子图根据本发明的可替换的实施例来构造和操作；[0026] 图4是根据本发明公开实施例的简化的胸部剖视图，示出躯干背心以及分布在胸部附近的电极；[0027] 图5是根据本发明公开的实施例的示出图4中躯干背心细节的示意图；[0028] 图6是根据本发明公开的实施例的用于关联心内膜和心外膜图的方法的流程图；[0029] 图7是根据本发明公开的实施例的图示关联心内膜和心外膜图的 BRIEF DESCRIPTION [0022] For a better understanding of the present invention, with reference to the detailed description of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which is to be read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein like elements are given the same reference numerals, and wherein: [ 0023] FIG. 1 is a high level diagram of a system for associating a plurality of electronic heart of FIG., the embodiment according to the present invention, an electronic cardiac FIG constructed and embodiments disclosed embodiment; [0024] FIG. 2 is used in the system shown in FIG. 1 a plan view of the distal end of the catheter; [0025] FIG. 3 is an illustration of a system associated endocardial and epicardial electronic map, the electronic map constructed and operated in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; [0026] FIG 4 is a sectional view of a simplified chest disclosed embodiment of the present invention, showing the torso vest, and across the electrodes near the chest; [0027] Figure 5 is 4 torso vest detail according to the illustrated embodiment of the present invention disclosure a schematic view; [0028] FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for correlating endocardial and epicardial embodiment of the present invention of FIG disclosure of embodiments; [0029] FIG. 7 is shown in association with embodiments of the disclosed embodiment of the present invention endocardial and epicardial FIG. 法的各方面的示意图；[0030] 图8是根据本发明的公开的实施例的图示用于求解正向矩阵问题的技术图；[0031] 图9是根据本发明的公开的实施例的用于通过信号注入来确定导联场矩阵的方法的流程图；以及[0032] 图10是根据本发明公开的实施例的用于开发3维病人特定的心脏电解剖模型的功能方框图。 A schematic view of the various aspects of the method; [0030] FIG. 8 is an illustration of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention for solving the technical problem of FIG forward matrix; [0031] FIG. 9 is an embodiment of the present invention are disclosed a flowchart of a method for determining a lead field matrix by signal injection; and [0032] FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of the development of three-dimensional patient-specific cardiac electrical anatomical model for an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. 具体实施方式[0033] 在下面的描述中，提出了大量具体的细节，以便彻底的理解本发明。 DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0033] In the following description, numerous specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. 然而，对本领域技术人员明显的是在没有这些具体细节的情况下可实施本发明。 However, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art without these specific details of the present invention may be practiced. 在其它实例中，众所周知的电力、控制逻辑、以及传统算法和过程的计算机程序指令的细节，没有详细地示出以便不必要地模糊本发明。 In other instances, well-known power, control logic, and the details of computer program instructions for conventional algorithms and processes have not been shown in detail in order to unnecessarily obscure the present invention. [0034] 实施例1[0035] 现在转到附图，首先参照图1，其是根据本发明的公开实施例构造和操作的系统20的图示。 [0034] Example 1 [0035] Turning now to the drawings, and first to FIG. 1, which is an illustration of the disclosed system according to an embodiment of the construction and operation of the present invention 20. 系统20用以确定探测器或导管22的位置、用于获取解剖和电子数据、以及使用导管22用于组织消融。 The system 20 for determining the position of the probe or catheter 22, and for acquiring anatomical electronic data, and for tissue ablation using the catheter 22. 在获取心内膜电子图期间，使用已知的血管内方式将导管22放入对象沈的心脏M的腔室中。 During endocardial electronic acquisition FIG manner known intravascular catheter 22 into the heart chamber M of the object in the sink. 为了获得心外膜的电子图，导管22可以经皮肤地插入包围心脏M的心包腔。 In order to obtain an electronic FIG epicardium, catheter 22 may be percutaneously inserted into the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart M. 可替换地，心外膜电子图可以非侵入地获得，如以下进一步详细描述的。 Alternatively, the electronic epicardial map may be obtained non-invasively, as described in further detail. 在美国专利No. 5，471，982,5, 391，199,6, 226，542,6, 301，496 和6，892，091 中，以及在PCT 专利公开W094/06349、W096/05768和W097/24981中描述了用于心脏绘图的示例方法和设备，这些公开作为参考结合于此。 In U.S. Patent No. 5,471,982,5, 391,199,6, 226,542,6, 301,496 and 6,892,091, and in PCT is disclosed in Patent W094 / 06349, W096 / 05768 and W097 in / 24981 describes example methods and apparatus for cardiac mapping, which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. 例如，美国公开No. 5，391，199描述了这样的导管，其包括用于测量心脏电活动的传感器、以及用于确定导管相对于外部施加磁场的位置的小型线圈。 For example, U.S. Publication No. 5,391,199 describes such a catheter for measuring cardiac electrical activity sensor, and for determining a chip coil with respect to the catheter position externally applied magnetic field. 使用这种导管，能够通过确定在多个位置处的电活动以及确定各位置的空间坐标，来在短的时间段内从一组采样的点收集数据。 Using such a catheter, it is possible by determining the electrical activity at a plurality of locations and determining the spatial coordinates of each position, to collect data from a set of sampled points within a short period of time. [0036] 现在参照图2，其是导管22(图1)的实施例的远端44的平面图。 [0036] Referring now to FIG. 2, which is a plan view of the distal end of the catheter 22 (FIG. 1) of the Example 44. 远端44包括在它的顶端48的电极46，用于测量心脏组织的电属性。 44 includes a distal electrode 46 at its tip 48 for measuring the electrical properties of the heart tissue. 电极46可以是单极的或双极的电极。 46 may be a monopolar electrode or bipolar electrode. 电极46也可以用于将电信号发送到心脏用于诊断的目的（例如，用于起博绘图），和/或用于治疗的目的（例如，用于消融有缺陷的心脏组织）。 Electrode 46 may also be used to transmit electrical signals to the heart for diagnostic purposes (e.g., for pacing the drawing), and / or destination (e.g., for ablating defective cardiac tissue) for use in therapy. 导管22的远端44可选地包括用于测量远场电信号的非接触电极M的阵列52。 The distal end 44 of catheter 22 optionally includes a non-contact electrode array 52 for measuring far field electrical signals M's. 阵列52是线性阵列，其中非接触电极M沿着远端44的纵轴线性排列。 Array 52 is a linear array, wherein the non-contact electrodes M are arranged linearly along the longitudinal axis 44 of the distal end. 导管22的远端44还包括至少一个位置传感器56，其生成用于至少确定在体内导管的位置的信号。 The distal end 44 of catheter 22 further includes at least one position sensor 56, which generates a signal for position determination of at least the catheter body. 在一些实施例中，还确定在体内导管的方向。 In some embodiments, the body further determine the direction of the catheter. 位置传感器56优选地邻近顶端48，导管22的该实施例在上面提到的美国专利No. 6，892，091中进一步描述。 The position sensor 56 is preferably adjacent to the top 48, the catheter further described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,892,091 mentioned above in embodiment 22. [0037] 再次参照图1，导管22的远端44的电极和换能器通过电缆58，经过导管22的插入管而连接到控制处理器28 (图1)，控制处理器观控制系统20的其它元件，包括用于将信号传输到导管22的信号发生器29、图像处理器21、以及EKG处理器27。 [0037] Referring again to Figure 1, the distal end of the electrode 44 of the catheter 22 and the transducer 58 via the cable, through the insertion tube of catheter 22 is connected to the control processor 28 (FIG. 1), the control processor 20 of the control system concept other elements, including for transmitting signals to the signal generator 22 of the catheter 29, an image processor 21, processor 27 and EKG. 为了方便，控制处理器观显示为单个单元。 For convenience, the control processor concept is shown as a single unit. 然而，它可以实现为多个用以执行在此描述的不同的处理任务的处理设备。 However, it may be implemented as a plurality of processing devices to perform different processing tasks described herein. 控制处理器观确定导管22相对于心脏M的特定标记或特征的位置坐标。 View control processor determines the position coordinates with respect to a particular characteristic or mark M of the cardiac catheter 22. 控制处理器28驱动显示器40，显示器40显示身体内部的导管位置，并显示由该系统生成的功能性图。 The control processor 28 drives a display 40, the display 40 of the catheter position inside the body, and displaying of the map generated by the system. 控制处理器观还驱动消融换能器，该消融换能器一般位于导管22的顶部。 View control processor also drives the ablation transducers, the transducer ablation catheter 22 is typically located at the top. 导管22用以生成解剖图或心内膜电子图。 FIG anatomical conduit 22 to generate an electronic or endocardial FIG. 另外，导管上的各电极可以用于消融。 Further, each of the electrodes on the ablation catheter can be used. 系统20能够是CARTO™ XP EP 导航和消融系统，从Biosense Webster 公司（Diamond Canyon 路3333 号，Diamond Bar, CA 91765，美国）可得，适当地修改以实现以下进一步详细公开的本发明的某些特征。 The system 20 can be a CARTO ™ XP EP Navigation and Ablation System, from Biosense Webster, Inc. (Diamond Canyon Road, No. 3333, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA) can be obtained, appropriately modified to achieve some of the present disclosure in further detail below feature. [0038] 在本发明的一些实施例中，使用多个体表电极31能够非侵入地获得心外膜电子图，代表性地示出了三个体表电极31，该领域已知的是当使用非侵入技术时，典型地需要更大的电极阵列以便获取精确的心外膜电子图。 [0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of body-surface electrodes 31 can be obtained non-invasively epicardial electronic view representatively shows three body surface electrodes 31, known in the art that when using a non- when invasive techniques typically require a larger electrode array in order to obtain accurate epicardial electronic FIG. 电极31可以方便地安装在如任何下面的文献中描述的多电极胸面板中，这些文件的所有内容作为参考结合于此=Ransbury 等人的美国专利申请公开No. 2004/0015194 ；Sippensgroenewegen的美国专利申请公开No. 2001/0056289 ；互联网上公开的Ramanathan等人的“用于心脏电生理和心律不齐的非侵人Jll、电图成像(Noninvasive electrocardiographic Imaging Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia) (Nature Medicine)；以及上面提到的Modre等人的文献。电极31通过电缆33 连接到控制处理器28，并链接到EKG处理器27。[0039] 电极31能够可替换地内部地置于对象内。例如，它们可以是暂时地或永久地在如冠状窦或心外膜的区域内布置的食道导联或电极。[0040] 上面提到的心包内技术能够用以产生心外膜电子图。该方法仍然比上面描述的用于获得心内膜电子图的导管插入技术更少侵入。该技术使用心外膜接触探测器作为 U.S. Patent electrode 31 may conveniently be mounted in multi-electrode chest panels as described in any of the following documents, the contents of all of these documents incorporated herein by reference, et al = Ransbury Application Publication No. 2004/0015194; U.S. Patent Sippensgroenewegen of application Publication No. 2001/0056289; disclosed on the Internet Ramanathan et al., "people for non-invasive cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia Jll, electrographic imaging (noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging Electrophysiology and arrhythmia) (Nature Medicine); and the above Modre et al document mentions the electrode 33 is connected by a cable 31 to the control processor 28, and linked to the EKG processor 27. [0039] Alternatively, the electrodes 31 can be disposed within the internal objects. For example, they may be temporarily or permanently esophageal leads or electrodes, such as the region of the coronary sinus or epicardium arrangement. [0040] the above-mentioned intrapericardial technique can be used to generate an electronic epicardial FIG. than the above described method is still Electronics for obtaining endocardial FIG less invasive catheterization techniques. this technique uses a contact probe as epicardial 管22，使用已知的引入技术通过胸壁将导管22插入心包膜。[0041] 在任一情况下，心外膜电子图典型地示出心外膜上的电位，尽管它也可以示出心内膜的电位。无论如何，术语“心外膜电子图”在此使用作为从心脏外部获得的首要感兴趣的数据。[0042] 使用与显示器40链接的图像处理器21，基于解剖标记和/或该图的电子特征，来将心内膜和心外膜电子图相互配准。该配准的目的是建立两幅图的电子特征之间的变换函数，在此也称为变换式。一旦已经建立了变换式，随后获得的心外膜电子图能够变换为新版本的心内膜电子图。在一些实施例中，通过将心外膜电子图简单地在视觉上投射到心内膜电子图，变换能够生效。可替换地，数学变换可以施加到新的心外膜电子图，以便创建新版本的心内膜电子图。[0043] 在共同受让人的美国专利No. 6，650，927中公开了 Tube 22, using known techniques of introducing catheter 22 is inserted through the chest wall of the pericardium. [0041] In either case, the epicardial FIG electronic typically shows the potentials on the epicardium, although it may also show heart endometrial potential. in any event, the term "epicardial electronic map" used herein as the primary data of interest acquired from the outside of the heart. [0042] 40 using the display 21 linked image processor, based on anatomical landmarks and / or electronic features in the figure, to the endocardial and epicardial electronic coregistration FIG. the purpose of the registration is the transformation function between the two figures to establish electrical characteristics, also referred to herein transform. Once transform has been established, subsequently obtained epicardial FIG electron can be converted to the new version of the electronic endocardium FIG. in some embodiments, simply visually projected onto the electronic endocardium by electronic FIG epicardial Figure, conversion can take effect. Alternatively, the mathematical transformation can be applied to the new epicardial electronic map to create a new version of the endocardial electronic drawing. [0043] in commonly assigned US Patent No. 6,650 , 927 disclosed 一个实施例中使用的适当的配准技术，并作为参考结合于此。简要地描述该技术：[0044] 心外膜电子图和心内膜电子图能够是3维图。使用在共同受让人的申请No. 11/215，435、题目“使用生理数据的多模式图像的分割和配准（kgmentation andRegistration of Multimodal Images using Physiological Data)，，中公开的方法，能够执行这些图的配准。 A suitable registration techniques used in the embodiment, and incorporated herein by reference This technique is briefly described: [0044] FIG electronic epicardial and endocardial three-dimensional electronic drawing can be used in commonly assigned FIG. al application No. 11 / 215,435, entitled "physiological data using a multi-mode image segmentation and registration (kgmentation andRegistration of multimodal images using physiological data) ,, the method disclosed, registration can be performed with these figures. [0045] 实施例2[0046] 现在参照图3，其是根据本发明的实施例构建和操作的系统106的图示。 [0045] Example 2 [0046] Referring now to Figure 3, which is a construction and operation of the system 106 illustrated in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 系统106 类似于系统20(图1)。 System 106 is similar to system 20 (FIG. 1). 然而，对象沈现在穿上了躯干背心108，躯干背心108具有多个电极110，典型地大约在125到250个电极之间，这些电极放置在躯干背心108内以在对象沈的背心的前面、后面和侧面提供电位的测量。 However, the object is now put on the torso vest sink 108, torso vest 108 having a plurality of electrodes 110, typically between about 125-250 electrodes that are disposed within the torso vest 108 to the object in front of the sink vest, rear and side provides a measure of potential. 电极110经由导线112和电缆33连接到控制处理器28。 Electrode 110 is connected to the control processor 28 via wires 112 and cable 33. 修改了控制处理器28用于接收和处理来自躯干背心108的数据。 The control processor 28 is modified for receiving and processing data from the torso vest 108. [0047] 现在控制处理器28包括用于阻抗检测的电子电路，如在2005年1月7日提交的美国专利申请11/030，934中描述的，该申请转让给本专利申请的受让人，并且其公开作为参考结合于此。 [0047] Now the control processor 28 includes an electronic circuit for impedance detection, as described in U.S. Patent No. January 7, 2005, filed 11 / 030,934 describes, which application is assigned to the assignee of the present patent application and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 修改该系统以基于在少量心脏内的点和电极110之间的阻抗测量，产生其之间的函数关系。 Modification of this system based on impedance measurement between the electrode 110 and the point of the heart in a small amount, the relationship between its generation function. 在一个实施例中，该关系是线性多维系数矩阵，在此称为导联场矩阵。 In one embodiment, this relationship is a linear multidimensional matrix of coefficients, referred to herein as the lead field matrix. 然后建立矩阵的反转，例如在（Yoram Rudy等人的）美国专利申请公开No. 2003/012163中描述的，其公开作为参考结合于此。 Matrix inversion is then established, for example, (Yoram Rudy et al), U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/012163 described, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 在该公开内容中，反转矩阵对应于心外膜电位。 In this disclosure, the inversion matrix corresponds to epicardial potentials. 然而在系统106中，矩阵的反转对应于心内膜的电导，其对于现有技术是先进的。 However, in the system 106, the inversion matrix corresponding to the conductance of the endocardium, which is advanced with respect to the prior art. 在过去，还不可能可靠地评估外部测量和心内膜电位之间的传递函数。 In the past, not been possible to reliably evaluate the transfer function between external measurements and endocardial potentials. 这是因为电场横跨心肌内的纤维肌组织。 This is because the electric field across the fibrous muscle tissue within the myocardium. 如上面提到的，这样的组织的量和方向在个体中变化。 As mentioned above, the amount and direction of such changes in tissue in an individual. 可替换地，在系统106的一些实施例中，导联场矩阵和它的反转可以涉及基于心外膜的电导的图。 Alternatively, in some embodiments of system 106, the lead field matrix, and it may involve reversing the conductance based on the epicardium. 以下，进一步详细讨论导联场矩阵的反转。 Hereinafter, we discussed further inverted lead field matrix detail. [0048] 可以只使用一个心内的点。 [0048] can be used only within a heart point. 接收点或多个接收点能够在对象内部或外部。 Receiving a plurality of reception point or points can be internal or external to the subject. 例如， 一个或更多食道导联冠状窦电极、心外的或甚至心肌内电极能够用作各接收点。 For example, one or more esophageal leads coronary sinus electrodes, outside the heart, or even myocardial electrodes can be used as each reception point. [0049] 现在参照图4，其是根据本发明的公开实施例的显示躯干背心108的胸部114以及分布在胸部周围的电极Iio的简化剖视图。 [0049] Referring now to FIG. 4, which is a simplified cross-sectional view and Iio distributed around the chest electrodes 108, 114 of the display chest vest torso embodiments disclosed embodiment of the present invention. 图4也显示右心房116，并且包括三个心内膜点118、120、122。 Figure 4 also shows a right atrium 116, and includes three endocardial points 118, 120. 如下面解释的，在位于心内膜点118、120、122的导管电极和电极110之间进行了阻抗测量。 As explained below, between the catheter electrode and the endocardial electrode 110 is located in the point 118, the impedance measurement is performed. 在一些实施例中，也在心外放置的电极（未在图4中显示）和电极110之间测量阻抗。 In some embodiments, the electrodes can be placed outside the heart (not shown in FIG. 4) and the measuring impedance between the electrodes 110. [0050] 现在参照图5，其是根据本发明的公开实施例的图示躯干背心108(图3)的细节的示意图。 [0050] Referring now to FIG. 5, which is a schematic diagram illustrating details of the torso vest 108 (FIG. 3) in accordance with the disclosed embodiment of the present invention. 构建躯干背心108以包括分布式压力点，其可与电极110符合。 Torso vest constructed to include distributed stress points 108, which may conform to the electrode 110. 然而，这样的符合是为了方便，并且不是基本的。 However, such compliance is to facilitate, and not essential. 该压力点1¾通过柔软的齿槽1¾连接，具有预定的自由度。 The pressure points are connected by a flexible alveolar 1¾ 1¾, having a predetermined degree of freedom. 齿槽1¾导致躯干背心108更紧密地符合胸部114的几何形状（图4)。 1¾ cause cogging torso vest 108 to more closely conform to the geometry of the thorax 114 (FIG. 4). 躯干背心108 包括至少一个位置传感器128，该位置传感器1¾是包括电极110的坐标系统中的参照点。 Torso vest 108 includes at least one position sensor 128, the position sensor is a reference point 1¾ electrode 110 in the coordinate system. 参照共同受让的美国专利申请公开No. 2004/0068178中的位置系统，教导了这样的位置传感器的使用，其公开作为参考结合于此。 Referring to commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication 2004/0068178 location in the system. No., teaches the use of such position sensors, which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. 位置传感器1¾使得电极110的位置在医疗过程期间能够被跟踪、并且通过差异计算能够被关联到心脏内的电极。 1¾ electrode position such that the position sensor 110 can be tracked during a medical procedure, and by calculating the difference can be associated to the electrode within the heart. 传感器128的位置不是基本的，只要电极110能够相对于心脏内各点放置。 The position sensor 128 is not essential, as long as the electrodes 110 can be disposed with respect to each point within the heart. [0051] 现在参照图6，其是根据本发明的可替换的实施例的用于关联心内膜和心外膜图的方法的流程图。 [0051] Referring now to Figure 6, which is a flowchart of a method associated with FIG endocardial and epicardial according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. 在图6中描述的许多过程步骤的顺序是示例性的，并且能够改变，这将对本领域技术人员来说是明显的。 Many of the sequence of process steps described in FIG. 6 are exemplary, and can change, which the present art will be apparent to the art. [0052] 在开始步骤130，对象穿上躯干背心108，并且连接到控制处理器观（图3)。 [0052] Beginning at step 130, the object put on the torso vest 108, and is connected to the control processor concept (FIG. 3). 如在上面提到的美国专利申请公开No. 2003/0120163中描述的，获取了体表心外膜电子图。 As mentioned above in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0120163 described, the acquired electronic epicardial surface in FIG. [0053] 在步骤132，将导管插入心脏，并且相对于使用躯干背心108(图幻上的电极110，获取了有限阻抗图。典型地，少量的点如心内膜点118、120、122(图4)被用以获取该有限阻抗图。[0054] 在步骤134，获得了心脏的解剖图像。这能够在执行了初始步骤130和步骤132的相同时间段期间预获取或获得。实际上，如果病人在计算机断层成像（CT)、心肌灌注SPECT 期间，穿着体表电极的“背心”，那么使用已知的技术例如超声成像，能够可选地以接近实时地获得解剖图像的获取。然而，如上所述获取的阻抗数据可能经常足以发展出通常的身体模型，并且还从通常的身体模型发展出病人特定的模型。[0055] 在步骤136，应用在上面提到的美国专利申请公开No. 2003/0120163中描述的矩阵求解技术，在心动周期中的不同点确定了心内膜点118、120、122和每个电极110之间的电导，以生成 [0053] In step 132, a catheter inserted into the heart, and with respect to the use of the torso vest 108 (FIG electrode 110 on magic, the finite impedance acquired in FIG. Typically, a small number of endocardial points 118, 120 as the point ( FIG. 4) is used to acquire the limited impedance map. [0054] in step 134, an anatomic image of the heart is obtained. this initial step can be performed in a pre-acquired or acquired during the same time period in step 130 and 132. in fact, If the patient in computed tomography (CT), during myocardial perfusion SPECT, wearing body surface electrode "vest", then using known techniques such as ultrasound imaging, can optionally be at near real-time access to anatomical images. However, impedance data acquired as described above may often be sufficient to develop a general body model, and also developed a patient-specific model from a general body model. [0055] in step 136, the application referred to above in U.S. Patent application Publication No. 2003/0120163 matrix solution technique described in different points in the cardiac cycle determines the conductance between the endocardial points 118, 120 and each electrode 110, to generate 抗图。[0056] 在步骤138，在开始步骤130和步骤132中产生的图被组合，并与在步骤134中获得的解剖图像配准。该步骤将体表图转换为具体的组合心内膜图。[0057] 步骤140是可选的。在一些应用中，获得关于心脏腔室的部分信息是重要的。在步骤140中，图被分割以产生一个或更多区域图。用于分割图像并产生部分数据的图像处理技术在本领域中是众所周知的，并且任何适合的方法可以应用于该步骤。[0058] 在步骤142，通常地开展对心脏的消融治疗，然后，在步骤144，通过重复在开始步骤130和步骤132、136、138中描述的绘图和处理，通过获得新的详细心内膜图来验证消融。 用于评估消融的技术是已知的，并且在例如共同受让的申请No. 11/357，512，题目为“通过定步的损害评估（Lesion Assessment bypacing) ”中描述，其公开作为参考结合于此。[0059] 在最后的步骤146， Anti FIG. [0056] In step 138, are combined in FIG step 132 begins at step 130 is generated, and the anatomical image registration obtained in step 134. This step converts the surface view of a particular combination of heart FIG film. [0057] step 140 is optional. in some applications, partial information is obtained about the heart chamber is important. in step 140, FIG divided regions to generate one or more FIG. for dividing and generating image data of the image processing section are well known in the art, and any suitable method may be applied to this step. [0058] in step 142, typically to carry out ablation of the heart, then, at step 144, by repeating the process described in the drawing and 132,136,138 steps 130 and begins by obtaining a new detailed endocardial ablation to verify FIG. technique for assessing ablation are known, and for example, in commonly assigned application No. 11 / 357,512, entitled "damage assessment (Lesion assessment bypacing) by pacing" is described, which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. [0059] in a final step 146, 过一次或更多次上面详述的过程，获得了在开始步骤130中描述的新的体表心外膜电子图。然后，使用相同的解剖图像和在步骤132和134中获得的有限阻抗图，来产生了一幅或更多新的结合的心内膜图，用于长期监视。如上面提到的，新的图能够可选地分割。虽然在准备第一电子图时，背心的各电极通常将不与它们的位置符合，但是不论如何该过程是有效的，只要能够确定背心电极相对于心内点的相对位置。[0060] 一般操作[0061] 现在参照图7，其是根据本发明的公开实施例的进一步图示参照图6描述的方法的实现细节的示意图。 Once or more times the process detailed above, to obtain a new body surface epicardial described in FIG electronic start step 130. Then, using the same anatomic image and limited impedance obtained in steps 132 and 134 to produce one or more new combined endocardial Fig for long-term monitoring. as mentioned above, the new map can optionally be divided. while each of the first electronic FIG preparation, vests electrodes will generally not comply with their position, but no matter how the process is effective, as long as can be determined vest electrodes relative position with respect to the center point. [0060] general procedure [0061] Referring now to Figure 7, which is according to the present schematic implementation details of the methods described further illustrated with reference to an embodiment of the disclosed invention 6. 示出了对象148的胸部的剖视图，穿着具有电极152的多电极胸部面板150。 It shows a cross-sectional view of the chest of the object 148, wearing electrode 152 having a multi-electrode chest panel 150. 心脏内导管IM放置在心脏腔室156内。 IM intracardiac catheter placed within the heart chamber 156. 导管IM具有位置传感器158和多个电极160。 IM catheter having a position sensor 158 and a plurality of electrodes 160. 发生器162刺激电极160。 Generator 162 stimulation electrode 160. 信号在电极152被检测并被传导至接收器164。 The signal electrode 152 is detected and transmitted to the receiver 164. 链接到接收器164的处理器166然后确定腔室156和电极152之间的电导，并产生有限心内膜电导图。 Link to the receiver 164 the processor 166 then determines the conductance between the chamber 156 and the electrode 152, and a limited endocardial conductance map. 将意识到：与电极152的数量相比，相对少的电极160，并且因此相对少的心脏内的点被用来获得电导或阻抗测量。 It will be appreciated: compared to the number of electrode 152, electrode 160 is relatively small, and therefore relatively few points within the heart is used to obtain the conductance or impedance measurements. [0062] 现在能够在从腔室156的心内膜表面上的点168发射出来的信号和由电极152接收的信号之间建立矩阵关系。 [0062] matrix relationship can now be established between the signals emitted from points 168 on the endocardial surface of the chamber 156 and the signal received by the electrode 152. 在导管插入过程期间参照位置传感器158，确定了点168的精确的相对位置。 During catheterization the reference position sensor 158, determines the exact relative position of the point 168. 通过反转矩阵，使用下面和在上面提到的文献（Rudy等人的）中公开的各种技术，一旦在电极152处的信号已知，就可以在点168处计算腔室156内的电位。 By inverting the matrix, using the following documents mentioned above, and (Rudy et al.) Disclosed various techniques, you can calculate the potential at the point 168 of the chamber 156 once the signal at a known electrode 152 . 通过在心动周期和呼吸周期期间的不同的时间以及再次在收回导管之后执行该计算，能够生成腔室156的时间变化的心内膜电子图。 Different times during the cardiac cycle and the respiratory cycle and endocardial electronic chamber 156 in FIG time the calculation is performed again after withdrawing the catheter can be generated. 通过测量多电极胸部面板中的信号以及将它们用作为相同调整的矩阵的系数并重复矩阵反转、或直接将它们施加到之前反转的矩阵，就能够在将来的时间段重新生成该图。 By measuring the signal in the multi-electrode chest panel, and use them as a coefficient matrix, and repeating the same adjusted matrix inversion, or applying them directly to the previously inverted matrix, it is possible to rebuild the future time period in FIG. [0063] 该方法因.此涉及来自导管的顶端的信息综合。 [0063] due to the method. This information relates to the synthesis from the tip of the catheter. 首先，将测量的心内膜电位添加到导联场矩阵（有时候称为“测量的导联场矩阵”）的各元素。 First, measured endocardial potentials are added to the lead field matrix elements (sometimes referred to as a "measured lead field matrix") is. 其次，使用在导管的顶端和背心的电极之间得到的阻抗测量来更新导联场矩阵。 Secondly, between the electrodes to give the catheter tip used in the impedance measurements and vests lead field matrix is ​​updated. 当导管被移动时，它的位置被连续地跟踪，为心内膜电位和导联场矩阵积聚了更多测量。 When the catheter is moved, its position being tracked continuously, more measurements accumulated endocardial potential, and lead field matrix. 这些测量被用以渐进地改进导联场矩阵的反转求解。 These measurements are used to solve for incremental improvement of inverted lead field matrix. [0064] 建立从腔室156的心内膜表面上的点168发射的信号和由电极152接收的信号之间的可靠线性矩阵关系，对获得不时能够重新生成并与之前的实例进行比较的适当心内膜(或心外膜）电子图是基本的。 [0064] establish a reliable linear matrix relationship between the received signal and the signal emitted by the electrodes 152 from the point 168 on the endocardial surface of the chamber 156, can be obtained from time to time to be regenerated and compared with previous examples appropriate endocardial (or epicardial) of the basic electronic FIG. 已知为“反演问题”的这个问题在固有地存在空间不定性方面已知是复杂的。 Aspect known as "inverse problem" of the problem in the space of uncertainty is inherently known to be complex. 在过去，施加到心内膜电位的数学过程趋于产生差的图像分辨率。 In the past, mathematical process is applied to endocardial potentials tended to produce poor image resolution. 在使用心外膜电位求解反演问题交付了合理的结果时，应用到心内膜会导致涂抹的图像。 When using epicardial potential to solve the inverse problem delivered reasonable results, apply to the endocardial lead to smear the image. 该问题还被在病人中变化的心脏肌肉的纤维结构而一一步复杂。 The issue has also been a change in a patient's heart muscle fiber structure and a complicated step. 处理这个需要张量阻抗模型， 其不能容易地从MRI或CT扫描估计。 This process requires tensor impedance model that can not be easily estimated from MRI or CT scan. [0065] 正演问题[0066] “正演问题”是对于给定的电源分布，在具有给定的电的和介电的特性（传导率） 的介质中发现电位的过程。 [0065] The forward problem [0066] The "forward problem" is the power for a given distribution, the potential is found during a given medium having electrical and dielectric properties (conductivity) of. 该问题导致具有唯一解的线性矩阵方程：[0067] This problem results in a linear matrix equation with a unique solution: [0067]
)[0068] 其中A是传递矩阵（导联场矩阵），无是电流源或心内膜或心外膜电位或跨膜电位，以及ί是在体表背心测量的电位的阵列，即体表电位图。 ) [0068] where A is the transfer matrix (lead field matrix), are current sources or no endocardial or epicardial potentials or transmembrane potentials, and is an array ί vest body surface potential measured, i.e., body potential map. 基于模型的方法[0069] 在一种方法中，特征化了普通的人体组织传导率和MR/CT模型的分割。 Model-based methods [0069] In one method, the feature of the common dividing human tissue conductivity and MR / CT model. 使用有限元素方法（FEM)解算器计算了导联场矩阵。 Lead field matrix is ​​calculated using the finite element method (FEM) solver. 机械或电子模型具有一些自由度来表示影响矩阵A的关键因素（？），即，[0070] Mechanical or electronic models have some degree of freedom to represent the key factors affecting the matrix A (?), That is, [0070]
[0071] 关键因素（7)能够是器官的几何位置或大小，以及观察域内的各种组织的比例。 [0071] The key elements (7) can be the geometrical position or size ratio of organs, tissues and various observation domain. 器官和组织的传导率在个体病人中不同。 Conductivity in different organs and tissues of individual patients. 例如，光纤方向影响心肌中的传导率张量的方向。 For example, the fiber orientation in a direction of myocardial conductivity tensor. 通过特征化在导联场矩阵中反映的这些差异来改进并完成病人特定的模型。 These differences are reflected in by the features of the lead field matrix to improve and complete the patient specific model. [0072] 通过注入的信号完成的测量被用以最优化关键因素（7 )，使得FEM解法变为：[0073] [0072] By measuring the signal injection is completed to optimize the key factors (7), so that the FEM solution becomes: [0073]
[0074] 其中：力是注入到导管中的电流，该导管放置在位置ρ处（在参照坐标系中，在该时间接地）。 [0074] wherein: the force is a current injected into the catheter, the catheter is placed at the position ρ (in the reference coordinate system, grounded at that time). ^1(P)是点源Vf的由FEM解算器计算的阻抗矩阵。 ^ 1 (P) is the impedance matrix calculated by the FEM solver Vf of the point source. 对于一组机械的或电子的模型参数（；^)，值&是指示接收位置组中所测量的电压的向量。 For a set of mechanical or electronic model parameters (; ^), the voltage value of the vector is & Group received measured position indicated. 测量可以是阻抗测量。 Impedance measurements can be measured. 可替换地，它们可以是基于来自电偶的各信号的导联场矩阵的测量。 Alternatively, they may be based on measurements of the lead field matrix from each signal galvanic couples. 这样的偶极可以通过在导管中建立两个相邻的电极之间的差别来产生。 Such dipoles may be generated by establishing the difference between two adjacent electrodes in the catheter. 如果各电极适当地排列，那么偶极能够在三个正交方向中定向。 If the respective electrodes are arranged appropriately, then the dipoles can be oriented in three orthogonal directions. 由方程4给出了用于测量的阻抗G)的最优化。 Given G optimized for the impedance measurement) by Equation 4. [0075] [0075]
[0076] 用于该组参数的选择包括器官大小、传导率、光纤方向以及各向异性比率。 [0076] for selecting the set of parameters include organ size, conductivity, fiber direction, and anisotropy ratio. 已知的最优化搜索算法能够用以确定用于该组参数Cp~)的值，例如遗传算法、仿真退火、以及神经网络或其混合。 Known optimization search algorithms can be used to determine the set of parameters Cp ~) values, such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, neural networks, or mixtures thereof. 在D. Farina,0. Skipa、C. Kaltwasser、0. D ο ssel 和WR Bauer 的“基T-Miftft.(Optimazation-basedreconstruction of depolarisation of the heart) " (Proc. Computer in Cardiology，芝加哥，美国，2004，31，1四_132)中公开了这样的最优化的示例。 In D. Farina, 0. Skipa, C. Kaltwasser, 0. D ο ssel and WR Bauer "base T-Miftft. (Optimazation-basedreconstruction of depolarisation of the heart)" (Proc. Computer in Cardiology, Chicago, USA, 2004,31,1 four _132) discloses an example of such optimization. [0077] 当施加到导联场矩阵时，偶极产生的电位起到与单电压源相同的作用。 [0077] When applied to the lead field matrix, potentials dipoles single voltage source plays the same role. 在一些情况下，将心脏电活动描述为一组在心肌上传播的偶极是更方便的，在该心肌中，密度和方向参数随着心动周期变化。 In some cases, the cardiac electrical activity is described as a set of dipoles spread over the myocardium is more convenient, in the myocardium, the density and orientation parameters as cardiac cycle. [0078] 使用该组参数、—ρ~),能够校准FEM模型，以便精确地表示病人的解剖结构。 [0078] Using this set of parameters, -ρ ~), to calibrate the FEM model in order to accurately represent the patient's anatomy. 从心脏内部产生信号给出关于心肌的属性的重要信息，即关于光纤方向的假设的正确性。 An important attribute information signal is given on the myocardium from inside the heart, i.e. assumptions about the correctness of the direction of the optical fiber. 该信号也能够展现其它的诊断信息。 The signal can also show other diagnostic information. 缺血的、疤痕和扩张相关（stent-related)组织可以具有原理正常传导率的显著偏差。 Ischemia, scarring and expansion-related (stent-related) organizations can have significant deviations from normal principles conductivity. 该方法的增加的好处是心肌阻抗的视觉图，其自身可以具有诊断价值。 The method of increasing the benefits of cardiac impedance visual map, which itself may be of diagnostic value. 另外地或可替换地，导管可以心外放置，并且信号注入的方法施加到心外导联。 Additionally or alternatively, the catheter may be placed outside the heart, and the method of signal injection applied to epicardial leads. 当以这种方式执行该过程时，可以基于外部的读数，来生成心脏的心外膜的电子图。 When the process is performed in this manner, it may be based on external readings, to generate an electronic heart epicardium FIG. 以下的讨论关注于心内膜图生成，但已作必要的修正，可应用到心外膜图生成。 The following discussion focuses on the endocardial map generation, but already mutatis mutandis, be applied to the epicardium map generation. 如果期望，在此公开的原理，可以应用到建立将涉及心外膜电位的矩阵转换到心内膜信号。 If desired, the principles disclosed herein, may be applied to establish the transformation matrix relates epicardial potentials to endocardial signals. [0079] 可替换地，电流能够通过两个相邻的心内电极注入，因此模拟电流偶极。 [0079] Alternatively, the current through the two electrodes implanted adjacent the heart, thereby simulating current dipole. 以这种方式，导联场矩阵A的一些矩阵元素能够直接测量。 In this manner, a number of matrix elements of the lead field matrix A can be measured directly. 该过程能够用以更新原始的导联场矩阵， 或它能够用以构建导联场矩阵A而不用任何MRI或CT数据组。 This process can be used to update the original lead field matrix, or it can be used to construct the lead field matrix A without any MRI or CT data set. 在任一情况下，使用这样的信号产生了体表电位图（BSPM)，该信号使用注入的电流而不使用从生物电源出现的电流偶极。 In either case, the signal generated using such surface potential diagram (BSPM), which signal current is injected using a current dipole without using power from a biological occurrence. [0080] 对反演问题的数学求解被呼吸劣化。 [0080] mathematics solving the inverse problem of the respiratory deterioration. 这能够通过门控在呼吸周期中的一个点（例如结束呼气）处的数据收集而最小化。 This can be minimized by gating a point (e.g., end expiration) in the data collected at the breathing cycle. 但是所期望的是，整个呼吸周期中的数据，以及构建依赖呼吸的导联场矩阵，对于呼吸周期的相位来校正该导联场矩阵。 However, it is desirable, in the data throughout the respiratory cycle, and constructing a respiration dependent lead field matrix, the phase of the respiratory cycle to correct the lead field matrix. 当完成这个时对反演问题的求解的质量改进相当多。 Upon completion of this quality when solving the inverse problem of considerable improvement. [0081] 发明人已经公开了如何克服矩阵反转中固有的技术困难。 [0081] The inventors have disclosed how to overcome technical difficulties inherent in the matrix inversion. 通过将不同组合的信号典型地注入到位于心脏腔室中的相对少的源中，并且测量在接收点的信号，而能够一列一列精确地确定导联场矩阵。 By different combinations of the signals typically injected into the heart chamber positioned relatively few sources, and the measurement signal reception point, but can be a one to accurately determine the lead field matrix. 使用与矩阵中存在的未知系数一样多的心脏内电极的不同组合，来重复该计算。 As the coefficient matrix used in the presence of an unknown number of different combinations of intracardiac electrodes, the calculation is repeated. 当然，系数的数量依赖于心脏内的源和外部的导联的数量。 Of course, the number of coefficients depends on the number of sources and external leads within the heart. [0082] 如果使用了多电极导管，例如PENTARAY™高密度绘图导管（从BiosenseWebster 公司可得），当导管固定时，在许多点测量了心内膜电位。 [0082] If a multi-electrode catheter, for example, high density mapping catheter PENTARAY ™ (available from BiosenseWebster Corporation), when the catheter is fixed, the number of points measured endocardial potentials. 这允许躯干背心测量快速地完成。 This allows the torso vest measure quickly completed. [0083] 现在参照图8，其是根据本发明的公开实施例的图示用于展开正向矩阵的技术的图示。 [0083] Referring now to FIG. 8, which is a technique to expand the forward matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention are disclosed for illustration. 在图8的上部中的矩阵表格182中图示了方程1。 A matrix table of FIG. 8 in the upper portion 182 is illustrated in Equation 1. 使用心脏184的腔室内的两个或更多的源例如电极160(图7)，注入了电子信号。 Two or more sources using a chamber of the heart 184, for example, electrode 160 (FIG. 7), electrons injected signal. 如图8的上部中图示的，该信号表示为向量186，其对应于图的上部中的向量188。 Illustrated in the upper portion of FIG 8, the signal represented as a vector 186, which corresponds to the upper portion of vector 188 in FIG. 表示为向量190、并对应于图的上部中的向量192 的多个阻抗测量，在各源和躯干194的多条外部导联例如电极152(图7)之间得到。 Represented as a vector 190 and the vector corresponding to the top of the figure a plurality of impedance measurement 192, obtained between the electrode 152 (FIG. 7) in each of the plurality of sources and a torso outer leads 194, for example. 这允许建立导联场矩阵198的一列196。 This allows for the establishment of a lead field matrix of 196,198. 在图8的示例中，列196是导联场矩阵198的最左列200。 In the example of FIG. 8, the column 196 is the leftmost column of the lead field matrix to 200,198. 通过重复地改变源信号的位置，或在多元件绘图导管的情况中变化源信号的组合，而创建并求解了矩阵方程。 By repeatedly changing the position of the source signal, or a combination of a change in the case where the source signal is a multi-element mapping catheter, the matrix equation is created and solved. 同时，以极大的精度确定了导联场矩阵198的系数，噪声由相对大幅度的注入信号淹没。 At the same time, with great accuracy of determining the coefficients of the lead field matrix 198, the noise of a relatively substantial submerged injection signal. [0084] 现在参照图9，其是根据本发明的公开实施例的图示上述用于通过信号注入来确定测量的导联场矩阵的方法流程图。 [0084] Referring now to FIG. 9, which is a flowchart of a method for determining the above-described lead field matrix by signal injection as measured in accordance with the illustrated embodiment of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention. 在初始步骤202，通过应用躯干背心、和插入链接到位置传感器例如系统106(图幻的心脏绘图导管，来使病人做准备。期望绘图导管具有多个电极。当能够使用足够的源时，当不用在心脏内额外导航导管时这加速该过程。需要得到以便确定导联场矩阵的测量的数量被记录。[0085] 接下来，在步骤204，选择了至少两个心脏内源导联的组合。借助系统106的位置处理工具，精确得知这些源相对于心脏解剖的参照特征的位置。[0086] 如对本领域技术人员明显的是，在步骤204中，也可以使用单极导联，同时在导联场矩阵的计算中进行适当调整。[0087] 接下来在步骤206，使用电流源插入电子信号以创建电偶。用于该信号的合适的值在I-IOOkHz为Ι-lOmA。该信号可以是恒电压或恒电流信号。[0088] 接下来在步骤208，记录了在步骤206中选择的源导联和每个躯干背心的导联之间的 At initial step 202, by applying a torso vest and inserting a link to a position sensor such as system 106 (FIG magic cardiac mapping catheter, to prepare the patient. Catheter having a plurality of drawing electrodes is desirable. When sufficient sources can be used, when this speeds up the process when no additional navigate the catheter within the heart. require measurements to determine the number of lead field matrix is ​​recorded. [0085] Next, at step 204, the selected combination of at least two intracardiac source leads by means of the position of the process tool 106 of the system, the exact location of the source relative to the known reference characteristics of cardiac anatomy. [0086] as apparent to those skilled in the art that, in step 204, unipolar leads may also be used, while appropriately adjusted in calculating the lead field matrix. [0087] Next at step 206, a current source is inserted into an electronic signal to create an electrical coupling. suitable values ​​for the Ι-lOmA I-IOOkHz in the signal. the signal may be a constant voltage or constant current signals. [0088] Next, at step 208, between the selected record in step 206 and the source lead each lead torso vest 抗测量。可以使用共同受让的美国专利申请公开No. 2007/0060832，题目为“皮肤阻抗检测（Detection of skin Impedance) ”的技术来测量阻抗，在此通过引用并入该申请公开。在使用电偶的实施例中，在躯干背心导联确定了偶极位置和方向。[0089] 现在控制进行到判定步骤210，其中确定是否需要更多的测量。如果在决定步骤210的确定是肯定的，那么控制返回到步骤204来选择另一个源。[0090] 如果在决定步骤210的确定是否定的，那么控制进行到最后步骤212。矩阵方程被求解并且导联场矩阵值被报告。[0091] 如上面提到的，图8和图9中描述的测量相对于呼吸周期被门控。此外，它们相对于心动周期被门控。通过在周期中的不同点重复测量，能够以任何期望的时空分辨率，来获得时间变化的病人特定的导联场矩阵组。[0092] 将从有限元素模型的考虑回想起参数最优化是必 Anti measurements can be used commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0060832, entitled "skin impedance detection (Detection of skin Impedance)" technique to measure the impedance, which is incorporated herein by this reference discloses In use galvanic embodiment, the torso vest leads determining the position and orientation of the dipole. [0089] control now proceeds to decision step 210 where it is determined if more measurements. If the determination at decision step 210 is affirmative , then control returns to step 204 to select another source. [0090] If the determination at decision step 210 is negative, then control proceeds to final step 212. the matrix equation is solved and the lead field matrix values ​​are reported. [0091 ] as mentioned above, the measurement described in FIGS. 9 and FIG. 8 with respect to the respiratory cycle is gated. in addition, they are gated to the cardiac cycle is repeated at various points in the measurement cycle, it can be in any desired spatial and temporal resolution, to obtain patient-specific lead field matrices of time. [0092] consider the finite element model of the recall parameter optimization will be necessary 须的。在执行最后的步骤212之后，并且一旦可靠的导联场矩阵可用，就能够应用最优化算法来在方程3中建立符合实际导联场矩阵的参数（：^)，同时大大地减少了最终的病人特定的有限元素模型中的模型错误。然后有更大的信心来能够展开反演问题的求解。最后，能够从少量最初的心脏内测量产生描绘病人的心脏中的电生理学的接近完美的图像，而没有由呼吸周期引起的伪像。能够不时地重复这些“4D”图像例如来评估治疗。应当注意到，在随后的时间段中的接收点不需要与原始时间段中的接收点相同，只有例如通过参照坐标系，它们相对于原始传输点或原始接收点的相对位置是可识别的。 . Shall after performing a final step 212, and once a reliable lead field matrix is ​​available, it is possible to apply an optimization algorithm to establish parameters meet the actual lead field matrix in equation 3 (: ^), while greatly reducing the model error the final patient-specific finite element model and then have more confidence to be able to expand solve the inverse problem. Finally, can produce close to the electrophysiology of the heart patient depicted in a small amount from the initial measurement of the heart perfect image without causing artifacts by breathing cycle. these can be repeated from time to time "4D", for example, to evaluate the image treatment. It should be noted that the receiving points in a subsequent time period need not receive the original period the same point, for example, only by reference coordinate system, with respect to their original relative location of the original transmission point or the reception point is identifiable. 将反转的导联场矩阵应用到新的接收点保持有效。 The inverted lead field matrix to the new receiving points remains valid. [0093] 实施例3[0094] [0093] Example 3 [0094]
[0095] 方程5中的符号与方程4相同。 [0095] Equation 5, the same symbols and Equation 4. 由方程4描述的基于模型的最优化技术，现在直接应用来确定反转的导联场矩阵Zf，而不用明确地计算导联场矩阵自身。 4 by a model-based optimization techniques described equation, now directly applied to determine the inverted lead field matrix of Zf, and without explicitly calculating the lead field matrix itself. [0096] 实施例4[0097] 现在参照图10，其是根据本发明的公开实施例的用于开发3维病人特定的心脏电解剖模型的方法的功能方框图。 [0096] Example 4 [0097] Referring now to FIG. 10, which is a functional block diagram of a method for developing a 3-dimensional patient-specific cardiac electrical anatomical model of the disclosed embodiment of the present invention. 该功能图能够通过规范化系统106(图3)并应用上面参照实施例1、2、3公开的技术和装置、以及使用参照图9描述的方法来实现。 The functional diagram can be applied above and the techniques and apparatus disclosed with reference to Examples 1, 2 embodiment, and using the method described with reference to FIG 9 is achieved by normalization system 106 (FIG. 3). [0098] 最初，在功能组216中使用传统的3维解剖成像模态，来准备3维解剖的病人模型214，这与步骤134(图6)类似，但通常延伸到心脏自身之外的胸部器官和组织。 [0098] Initially, the feature set 216 in a conventional 3-dimensional anatomic imaging modalities, to prepare 3-dimensional anatomical patient model 214, which is step 134 (FIG. 6) is similar to, but usually extends to the outside of the heart itself chest organs and tissues. 功能组218 展开了在具有对象的身体中具有已知的坐标的电子信号的矩阵，其在功能块219中与模型214合并。 Function matrix set 218 launched an electronic signal having known coordinates of an object in the body, combined with the model 214 in function block 219. [0099] 在功能组220中，如在实施例1中描述的在心脏导管插入期间产生了电子解剖图。 [0099] functional group 220, such as electrons generated during the anatomy described in Example 1 is inserted in the cardiac catheter. 该图可以使用CARTO XP EP导航和消融系统（从Biosense Webster公司，3333 Diamond Canyon Road Diamond Bar, CA 91765 可得）获得。 This figure can be used CARTO XP EP Navigation and Ablation System (from the company Biosense Webster, 3333 Diamond Canyon Road Diamond Bar, CA 91765 available) available. [0100] 在导管插入期间，在功能组222中应用了参照图9描述的方法。 [0100] During the catheterization, in functional group 222 applying the method described with reference to FIG. 在功能块2¾中计算了测量阻抗阵列。 Calculating the measured impedance array 2¾ in function block. 该阵列在块226中应用。 The array in the block 226 is applied. 该阵列用以改进功能块226的模型214，因此影响模型228。 The array models 214 for improving the function block 226, thus affecting the model 228. 模型2¾然后被用以在功能块230中求解反演问题和最优化FEM参数（方程3、4、5)。 Model for 2¾ solving the inverse problem is then in function block 230 and the optimization FEM parameters (Equations 3, 4). 典型地，以下描述的反演问题可以在经由功能组222的数据的影响之前，最初在块230中求解，并且在功能块232中产生了最初的电子解剖图像。 Before Typically, the inverse problem described below may affect the function of the data set 222 via the initially solving in block 230, and generates an initial electronic image anatomical function block 232. 在最初的求解中，在功能块232中可以开发初步的心内膜电位以及可选的心外膜电位的电子解剖图像组。 In the first solving, in a function block 232 to develop an electronic image of the anatomy group preliminary endocardial potentials and optionally epicardial potentials. 随后，在包括功能组222的好处后，在功能块234中生成了改进的图像。 Subsequently, after including the benefits of functional group 222, improved images are generated in functional block 234. 由功能组222提供的数据的另一效果是，在功能块236中计算导联场矩阵。 Another effect of the data provided by functional group 222 is calculated in function block 236 the lead field matrix. 这可以重复地与在功能块224中测量的矩阵比较，并应用来使用用来求解方程3、4、5的最优化算法来改进FEM。 This can be compared to the matrix measured in functional block 224 is repeated, and the application used for solving an optimization equation 3,4,5 algorithms to improve FEM. [0101] 图10中描述的系统操作能够通过确定呼吸参数r(t)，用以确定在心动周期CC (t) 期间导联场矩阵对运动的依赖。 [0101] Figure 10 illustrates operation of the system can be determined by determining respiratory parameters r (t), to determine the dependency of the lead field matrix on motion during cardiac cycle CC (t). 该技术最终加速了导管插入过程，改进了心律不齐和梗塞形成的诊断，并改进了介入治疗的结果。 The technique ultimately speeds up the catheter insertion process, improved diagnostic infarction and arrhythmia, and to improve the results of interventional therapy. [0102] 反演问题[0103] 使用图6和图7中描述的方法和系统的主要目的在于，基于少量心脏内电位和许多体表测量计算心肌中的电源，其已知为“反演问题”。 [0102] The main object of the methods and systems described in FIGS. 6 and 7 of the inverse problem [0103] FIG said cardiac power calculation potential a small amount, and many of the heart based on body surface measurements, which is known as "inversion problem . " 在方程1中，测量的信号S是已知的。 In Equation 1, the measurement signal S is known. 如上所述，导联场矩阵A可以通过使用病人的MRI或CT扫描求解几个正演计算来计算。 As described above, the lead field matrix A can be solved several forward calculations is calculated by using the patient MRI or CT scan. 然后描述源的向量^从下面的方程确定：[0104] Vector described was then determined from the following sources ^ equation: [0104]
[0105] 数学地，发现导联场矩阵A的反转Α—1是必要的。 [0105] Mathematically, found inverted lead field matrix A Α-1 is necessary. 不幸的是，该问题是不适定(ill-posed)的。 Unfortunately, the problem is ill-posed (ill-posed) of. 矩阵A具有非零的零空间，即能够发现不同的向量ί，其属于该零空间并导致小于噪声的电位L向量i和零空间外的向量的每个线性组合导致相同的电位&并且因此是方程1的解。 The matrix A has a nonzero null space, i.e., different vectors can be found ί, which belong to the null space vector and a linear combination of each lead is outside the potential is less than the noise vector L i and zero result in the same space and thus are potential & solving equations 1. 此外，由于未知的个体的传导率，矩阵A的系数具有一些不确定。 Further, since the conductivity of an unknown individual, the coefficient matrix A has some uncertainty. [0106] 规则化的求解[0107] 规则化是广泛描述的用于反演问题的方法，其中丢弃了反转的零空间。 [0106] Solving the rules of [0107] a method for the inverse problem of the rule is broadly described, wherein the inversion null space discarded. 最通常使用的方法是具有为零的TiWlonov新因子的TiWlonov规则化，其选择具有最小范数（最小可能的源）的解。 The method most commonly used is the regularization TiWlonov having TiWlonov new factor of zero that selects the solution with the smallest norm (smallest possible source). [0108] 当根据上述各方法确定导联场效应时，有两种主要因子改进反转的质量。 [0108] When it is determined according to the respective field effect leads method, there are two major factors to improve the quality of inversion. 第一，由于注入信号的幅度而改进了信噪比。 First, due to the injection of the amplitude of the signal to noise ratio is improved. ECG跨膜电位在IOmV的数量级并且持续时间相对短， 而生成的信号在伏的数量级并且持续时间长的多。 ECG transmembrane potential and the number of stages in the signal generated volts and much longer in duration IOmV magnitude and of relatively short duration. 因此，平均技术能够用以进一步提高信噪比。 Accordingly, the average technology to further improve SNR. 幅度的两个数量级的改进容易实现。 Two orders of magnitude improvement easily achieved. 这允许较少能量的特征值有意义地参与到解中，并且最后改进观察的心内膜电位的可靠性。 This allows less energy eigenvalues ​​to participate meaningfully in the solution, and finally improve the reliability of the endocardial potentials observed. 第二，当使用更大量的心脏内的源时，改进了矩阵的质量。 Second, when a greater amount of sources within the heart, improving the quality of the matrix. 为此，使用多元件绘图导管是期望的，以及使用具有大量接收电极的躯干背心。 To this end, a multi-element mapping catheter is desirable and a torso vest having large number of receiving electrodes. [0109] 本领域技术人员将意识到：本发明不限于以上已经特定示出和描述的。 [0109] Those skilled in the art will recognize that: the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described herein. 相反，本发明的范围包括不在现有技术中的、以上描述的各种特征的组合和子组合及其变化和修改， 其可由本领域技术人员通过阅读之前的描述想到。 Rather, the scope of the present invention includes not in the prior art, variations and combinations and subcombinations of the various features and modifications described above, which may occur to those skilled in the art by reading the foregoing description.
1. 一种用于产生活体对象的心脏的电子图的方法，其中所述活体对象的心脏插有具有第一定位传感器和至少一个电极的导管，包括以下步骤：从在心脏内的多个发射点的所述电极发射电信号；在所述对象外部的多个接收点接收所述发射的电信号；相对于所述发射点定位所述接收点；确定测量的导联场矩阵，以定义所述发射的电信号和所述接收的电信号之间的线性矩阵关系；根据所述测量的导联场矩阵来计算反转的导联场矩阵；在所述接收点接收电生理学信号；以及将所述反转的导联场矩阵应用到所述电生理学信号，以获取心内膜电子图。 1. A method for producing an electronic map of the heart for the living body object, wherein the object is the heart of the living body inserted catheter having a first location sensor and at least one electrode, comprising the steps of: transmitting from a plurality within the heart the electrodes emit an electrical signal point; receiving at a plurality of points of the object receiving the electrical signals emitted outside; positioned with respect to the transmission point of the reception point; determining measured lead field matrix to define the said linear matrix relationship between the electrical signals and said received electrical signal transmitted; calculated inverted lead field matrix in accordance with said measured lead field matrix; receiving electrophysiological signals at the reception point; and said inverted lead field matrix to the electrophysiological signals to obtain an electronic endocardium FIG.
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中通过确定所述接收点和所述发射点的子集之间的阻抗，来执行所述接收所述发射的电信号的步骤。 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein by determining the impedance between the receiving points and subsets of said transmission points, performing the step of receiving the emitted electrical signal.
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中通过测量由在所述发射点的子集中生成的电偶产生的信号，来执行所述接收所述发射的电信号的步骤。 The method according to claim 1, wherein the sub-point signal generated centrally produced by galvanic emitted by the measurement, to perform the step of receiving the emitted electrical signal.
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中相对于所述对象的呼吸周期的预定相位来执行所述发射电信号、接收所述发射的电信号、确定测量的导联场矩阵、以及计算反转的导联场矩阵的步骤。 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined phase relative to the respiratory cycle of the subject performs the transmit electrical signals, receiving said emitted electrical signals, determining a measured lead field matrix, and calculating the inverse step lead field matrix in turn.
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中相对于所述对象的心动周期的预定相位来执行所述发射电信号、接收所述发射的电信号、确定测量的导联场矩阵、以及计算反转的导联场矩阵的步骤。 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined phase of the cardiac cycle with respect to the object to perform the transmit electrical signals, receiving said emitted electrical signals, determining a measured lead field matrix, and calculating the inverse step lead field matrix in turn.
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：获取所述对象的胸部的解剖图像；使用所述解剖图像准备具有各参数的所述胸部的有限元素模型，所述有限元素模型具有计算的导联场矩阵；以及调整所述各参数以使所述计算的导联场矩阵符合所述测量的导联场矩阵。 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of: acquiring breast anatomical image of the object; using the anatomical image preparing a finite element model of the thorax of parameters, said finite element model having lead field matrix is ​​calculated; and adjusting the parameters so that the lead field matrix is ​​calculated lead field matrix conforms to the measurements.
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述计算反转的导联场矩阵的步骤包括：通过移除所述反转导联场矩阵的零空间来规则化所述测量的导联场矩阵。 7. The method according to claim 1, the step of the lead field matrix inversion wherein said calculating comprises: by removing a null space of said inverted lead field matrix to the rules of the measured lead field matrix.
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述导管具有至少两个电极，并且通过使用所述电极的不同子集将所述电信号时分复用来执行发射电信号。 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said conduit has at least two electrodes, said electrodes and by using different subsets of the electrical signal to perform time-division multiplexing transmitting electrical signals.
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述导管具有至少两个电极，并且通过使用所述电极的不同子集将所述电信号频分复用来执行发射电信号。 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said conduit has at least two electrodes, said electrodes and by using different subsets of the electrical signal is used to perform frequency-division multiplexing transmitting electrical signals.
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述电极是单极电极。 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said electrode is a monopolar electrode.
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述电极是双极电极。 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein said electrode is a bipolar electrode.
12. 一种用于成像活体对象中的心脏的系统，包括：成像设备；信号发生器；以及链接到穿在所述对象上的躯干背心的处理器，所述躯干背心包括第一位置传感器和多个接收器，所述处理器链接到所述成像设备、所述信号发生器以及链接到适于插入所述心脏的绘图导管，所述绘图导管具有绘图电极，所述处理器操作用于读取第一位置传感器，以相对于所述接收器定位所述绘图电极，所述处理器操作用于使所述信号发生器将电信号顺序地发送到所述绘图电极，并且所述绘图电极从所述心脏中的不同发射点顺序地发生电信号，其中所述发射的电信号经由所述接收器传递到所述处理器，以作为接收的电信号，所述处理器还操作用于确定测量的导联场矩阵，该测量的导联场矩阵定义在其各自的位置处的所述发射的电信号和所述接收的电信号之间的线性矩阵关 12. An imaging subject in the living body of the cardiac system, comprising: an imaging apparatus; signal generator; and a processor linked to an object worn on the torso vest, a trunk vest comprises a first position sensor and a plurality of receivers, the processor linked to said imaging device, linked to said signal generator and adapted for insertion into the drawing heart catheter, said catheter having a drawing electrode drawing, the processor is operative to read taking a first position sensor, relative to the said drawing electrode positioning receiver, the processor is operative to cause the signal generator to transmit electrical signals to the electrodes sequentially drawing, and the drawing electrode from of the heart different points occur sequentially transmit electrical signals, wherein said transmission is transmitted to said processor via said receivers as received electrical signals, said processor is further operable to determine measurements the lead field matrix, linear matrix leads off between the electric signals of the measured field matrix defined at the position of their respective emission and reception of the electrical signal 系，所述处理器还操作用于根据所述测量的导联场矩阵来计算反转的导联场矩阵，并应用所述反转的导联场矩阵来处理在所述接收器接收的所述对象的电生理学信号，以根据所述电生理学信号来生成心内膜电子图，并且将所述心内膜电子图显示在所述成像设备上。 System, the processor further operable for lead field matrix is ​​calculated according to the measured inverted lead field matrix, and apply the lead field matrix to said inversion processing in said receiver receives the electrophysiological signal of said object to be generated based on the electronic drawing endocardial electrophysiology signal, and the endocardial FIG displayed on the electronic imaging device.
13.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中所述绘图导管具有至少两个绘图电极，并且所述信号发生器操作用于通过将所述电信号顺序地传送给所述绘图电极的不同子集，来产生所述发射的电信号。 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said drawing electrode drawing conduit having at least two, and the signal generator operable by transmitting the electrical signal sequentially to different subsets of said drawing electrode to generate said electrical signal transmission.
14.如权利要求12所述的系统，处理器操作用于在所述对象的呼吸周期的预定相位处确定所述测量的导联场矩阵。 14. The system of claim 12, the processor is operable at a predetermined phase of a respiratory cycle of the subject measured to determine the lead field matrix.
15.如权利要求12所述的系统，处理器操作用于在所述对象的心动周期的预定相位处确定所述测量的导联场矩阵。 15. The system of claim 12, the processor is operable at a predetermined phase of a cardiac cycle of the object to determine the measured lead field matrix.
16.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中所述处理器操作用于接受所述对象的胸部的解剖图像，并且使用所述解剖图像来准备具有各参数的所述胸部的有限元素模型，所述有限元素模型具有计算的导联场矩阵，以及调整所述各参数以使所述计算的导联场矩阵符合所述测量的导联场矩阵。 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is operative for receiving the chest anatomical image of the object, and using the anatomic image to prepare a finite element model of said thorax having parameters of the said finite element model having a calculated lead field matrix and adjusting said parameters so that the calculated lead field matrix to comply with the lead field matrix measured.
17.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中所述处理器操作用于通过移除所述反转导联场矩阵的零空间规则化所述测量的导联场矩阵，来计算所述反转的导联场矩阵。 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is operative to lead field matrix null space of the measuring rule the inverted lead field matrix by removing, calculating a reversed the lead field matrix.
CN 200710182138 2006-09-06 2007-09-06 Correlation of cardiac electrical maps with body surface measurements CN101199416B (en)
US60/824680 2006-09-06
US11/845973 2007-08-28
CN101199416A CN101199416A (en) 2008-06-18
CN101199416B true CN101199416B (en) 2012-06-13
JP5306617B2 (en) 2013-10-02