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Waste Classification | Municipal Solid Waste | Waste
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© Copyright State of NSW and the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW The State of NSW and the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW are pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Published by: Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW 59 Goulburn Street, Sydney PO Box A290, Sydney South 1232 Ph: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard) Ph: 131 555 (environment information and publications requests) Ph: 1300 361 967 (national parks information and publications requests) Fax: (02) 9995 5999 TTY: (02) 9211 4723 Email: info@environment.nsw.gov.au Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au ISBN 978 1 74232 507 1 DECCW 2009/806 Originally published: April 2008 This revision: December 2009
Who should use this guide? ...................................................................................................1 How to use this guide .............................................................................................................1 Other DECCW guidance on managing waste ........................................................................2 General classification principles .............................................................................................2 What to do once a waste has been classified ........................................................................3
Step 1: Is the waste ‘special waste’? ........................................................................4
Clinical and related waste.......................................................................................................4 Asbestos waste ......................................................................................................................5 Waste tyres.............................................................................................................................5
Step 2: Is the waste ‘liquid waste’? ...........................................................................6 Step 3: Is the waste ‘pre-classified’? ........................................................................7
Hazardous waste....................................................................................................................7 Restricted solid waste.............................................................................................................7 General solid waste (putrescible) ...........................................................................................7 General solid waste (non-putrescible)....................................................................................8
Step 4: Does the waste possess hazardous characteristics? ..............................11 Step 5: Determining a waste’s classification using chemical assessment.........12
Measurable properties of waste ...........................................................................................12 Test methods for determining SCC and TCLP.....................................................................12 Classifying a waste using the SCC test................................................................................13 Classifying a waste using both the SCC test and TCLP ......................................................13
Step 6: Is the waste putrescible? ............................................................................23 Appendix I: Chemical assessment ..........................................................................24
Sampling and analytical methods.........................................................................................24 Precision in chemical analyses ............................................................................................24 Who can do the chemical analysis and leaching tests?.......................................................24 Frequency of testing .............................................................................................................25 Which contaminants should be tested for? ..........................................................................25
To simplify the classification process.e. composition or quantity of the waste. Generators of waste may need to further classify their waste to meet waste tracking or dangerous goods storage and transport requirements. A full explanation of each is provided later in this document. classified as asbestos waste). Significant penalties apply (s. establish whether the waste should be classified as liquid waste. the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) has pre-classified a number of commonly generated wastes as either hazardous. Introduction Classifying wastes into groups that pose similar risks to the environment and human health facilitates their management and appropriate disposal. classification. Six waste classes are used: • • • • • • special waste liquid waste hazardous waste restricted solid waste general solid waste (putrescible) general solid waste (non-putrescible). Step 3: If not special waste (other than asbestos waste) or liquid waste.Waste Classification Guidelines Note: The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is a statutory body with specific powers under environment protection legislation. among other things. Step 2: If not special waste (other than asbestos waste). Step 1: Establish if the waste should be classified as special waste. Waste classification helps those involved in the management and treatment of waste for disposal to ensure the environmental and human health risks associated with it are managed appropriately and in accordance with the Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (the POEO Act) and its associated regulations. which carries out these waste regulation activities on its behalf. These steps are briefly outlined below. including information about the type. Under the POEO Act. including the regulation of waste. The EPA is part of the Department of Environment. Who should use this guide? This guide should be used by waste generators to classify the wastes they produce.144AA). If the waste is special waste due to its contamination with asbestos (i. it is an offence to supply false or misleading information to another person. Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 1 . continue to classify the waste in accordance with the steps below. characteristics. restricted solid or general solid waste (putrescible) or general solid waste (non-putrescible). How to use this guide This guide explains the six basic steps for classifying your waste. establish whether the waste is of a type that has been ‘pre-classified’. Climate Change and Water.
it would be desirable to separate the wastes so only the hazardous component needs to be managed as hazardous waste.Waste Classification Guidelines Step 4: If the waste is not special waste (other than asbestos waste). If you do not wish to undertake this assessment. If liquid waste is mixed with hazardous or solid waste and retains the characteristics of liquid waste specified in Step 2. Other DECCW guidance on managing waste This guide assists waste generators in classifying waste to ensure it is appropriately managed. For example.4 of the POEO Act. Note: Air pollution from gaseous emissions is regulated under Part 5. • Where practicable. the whole waste stream must be managed as special waste. If asbestos is mixed with other waste to form asbestos waste. The assessment determines whether the waste is capable of significant biological transformation. Step 5: If the waste does not possess hazardous characteristics. For example. it should be noted that: • • the steps for waste classification must be applied in the order presented once a waste’s class has been established under a particular step. Asbestos waste must then be managed to meet the management and disposal requirements of both asbestos and the other class of waste with which it is mixed (if any). the waste remains liquid waste. Climate Change and Water (DECCW). If it is not possible to separate wastes.gov.environment. do not go to the next step (unless the waste is asbestos waste). It forms part of the Waste Classification Guidelines issued by the Department of Environment. it needs to be chemically assessed to determine whether it is hazardous. • • • 2 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . Step 6: If the waste is chemically assessed as general solid waste. restricted solid or general solid waste (putrescible and non-putrescible). If the waste is not chemically assessed. the waste must continue to be assessed in accordance with these guidelines to enable the disposal of the asbestos waste at an appropriate waste facility.au/waste/envguidlns/index. Other guidance materials that may also assist in managing waste are available from DECCW’s website at www. a further assessment is available to determine whether the waste is putrescible or non-putrescible.htm. if waste tyres (special waste) are mixed with lead-acid batteries (hazardous waste). In using this guide to classify waste. the whole waste must be classified according to the highest class of waste. it is desirable to separate a mixture of wastes before classifying them separately. you must manage the waste as if it were general solid waste (putrescible). liquid waste or preclassified. if clinical and related waste (special waste) is thoroughly mixed with municipal waste (general solid waste (putrescible)). transported and disposed of. General classification principles The following principles must be applied at all times when using the step-by-step waste classification process. you must manage the waste as if it were hazardous waste. establish if it has certain hazardous characteristics and can therefore be classified as hazardous waste.nsw. The occupier of any premises dealing with waste must also comply with these laws.
Waste Classification Guidelines • Two or more classes of waste must not be mixed in order to reduce the concentration of chemical contaminants.gov. Further guidance on immobilisation approvals is available from DECCW’s website at www. as required under the POEO Act and its associated regulations.au/waste/ immobilisation.htm A waste generator may also seek an immobilisation approval from DECCW for a waste stream or particular waste type. Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 3 . gov. Dilution of contaminants is not an acceptable waste management option.nsw.nsw.au/waste/wastetypes. A waste may be able to be immobilised so that it can be safely disposed of in an appropriate landfill. DECCW’s website has further guidance on managing specific wastes: visit www.environment.environment.htm. What to do once a waste has been classified Once a waste has been properly classified. appropriate management options for it can be considered.
4 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . Asbestos waste can only be disposed of at a waste facility that can lawfully receive asbestos and the other class of waste with which it is mixed (if any).gov. or sharps waste. being waste that has the potential to cause injury. materials or equipment laboratory specimens or cultures animal tissue. pharmaceutical. or cytotoxic waste. Clinical waste means any waste resulting from medical. nursing. drug or medicine waste.environment. The EPA may classify additional wastes as special waste from time to time by a notice published in the NSW Government Gazette. teeth and nails) bulk body fluids or blood visibly blood-stained body fluids. Special waste means any of the following: • • • clinical and related waste asbestos waste waste tyres. Generators of special waste (except asbestos mixed with other waste – see below) do not need to make any further assessment of their waste if it falls within the definitions of special wastes below.nsw. the generator must continue to assess the waste in accordance with the remainder of the steps in this guide. and includes waste containing any of the following: • • • • • human tissue (other than hair.au/waste/wastetypes. All currently gazetted special wastes are listed on DECCW’s website at www. skin penetration or other related clinical activity. drug or medicine waste means waste that has been generated by activities carried out for business or other commercial purposes and that consists of pharmaceutical or other chemical substances specified in the Poisons List made under section 8 of the Poisons and Therapeutic Goods Act 1966. infection or offence. Pharmaceutical. The potential environmental impacts of special waste need to be managed to minimise the risk of harm to the environment and human health.Waste Classification Guidelines Step 1: Is the waste ‘special waste’? ‘Special waste’ is a class of waste that has unique regulatory requirements. or pharmaceutical. dental. Clinical and related waste Clinical and related waste means: • • • • clinical waste. carcasses or other waste from animals used for medical research but does not include any such waste that has been treated by a method approved in writing by the Director-General of the Department of Health. Note: Where asbestos is mixed with other waste to form asbestos waste. Cytotoxic waste means any substance contaminated with any residues or preparations that contain materials that are toxic to cells principally through their action on cell reproduction.htm.
Sharps waste means any waste collected from designated sharps waste containers used in the course of business. drug or medicine waste generated in the home. Asbestos waste Asbestos means the fibrous form of those mineral silicates that belong to the serpentine or amphibole groups of rock-forming minerals. anthophyllite. crocidolite (blue asbestos) and tremolite. Note: Waste tyres must be tracked when transported interstate but not when transported within NSW. and to a standard specified in an EPA gazettal notice. being waste resulting from the use of sharps for any of the following purposes: • • • • human health care by health professionals and other health care providers medical research or work on cadavers veterinary care or veterinary research skin penetration or the injection of drugs or other substances for medical or non-medical reasons but does not include waste that has been treated on the site where it was generated. piercing or penetrating the skin (such as needles. including shredded tyres or tyre pieces. including actinolite. rejected or unwanted tyres.Waste Classification Guidelines It does not include pharmaceutical. Waste tyres Waste tyres means used. and that are designed for the purpose of cutting. piercing or penetrating the skin. syringes with needles or surgical instruments). commercial or community service activities. Sharps means those things: • • • that have sharp points or edges capable of cutting. Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 5 . and that have the potential to cause injury or infection. Asbestos waste means any waste that contains asbestos. chrysotile (white asbestos). amosite (brown asbestos).
6 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . If the waste meets the criteria outlined above. move to Step 3 to classify the waste.Waste Classification Guidelines Step 2: Is the waste ‘liquid waste’? If you have established that the waste is not special waste. All currently gazetted liquid wastes are listed on DECCW’s website at www. The EPA may classify additional wastes as liquid waste from time to time by a notice published in the NSW Government Gazette.environment. or becomes free-flowing at or below 60 degrees Celsius or when it is transported. If the waste does not satisfy any of these criteria. or is generally not capable of being picked up by a spade or shovel. there is no need for any further assessment.nsw. decide whether it is ‘liquid waste’.htm.au/waste/wastetypes.gov. Liquid waste means any waste that: • • • has an angle of repose of less than 5 degrees above horizontal. The waste generator may choose to separate the waste into the liquid and solid fractions so that only the solid fraction needs to be further classified in accordance with the following steps.
environment. establish whether the waste has already been classified by the EPA.nsw. Some commonly generated wastes have been pre-classified as hazardous waste.htm.gov. incontinence pads or sanitary napkins food waste Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 7 .htm. General solid waste (putrescible) The following wastes have been pre-classified by the EPA as ‘general solid waste (putrescible)’: • • • • • household waste that contains putrescible organics waste from litter bins collected by or on behalf of local councils manure and night soil disposable nappies.au/waste/wastetypes. no wastes have been pre-classified by the EPA as ‘restricted solid waste’. processing or burning of coal or coke) comprising of more than 1% (by weight) of coal tar or coal tar pitch waste lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries (being waste generated or separately collected by activities carried out for business. All currently gazetted hazardous wastes are listed on DECCW’s website at www. from which residues have not been removed by washing or vacuuming coal tar or coal tar pitch waste (being the tarry residue from the heating. 5 or 8 within the meaning of the Transport of Dangerous Goods Code.gov. 3.nsw.au/waste/wastetypes. 4. having previously contained a substance of Class 1. or a substance to which Division 6.environment. Restricted solid waste therefore only includes wastes assessed and classified as such in accordance with the procedures in Step 5 of this guide. • • • • The EPA may pre-classify additional wastes as hazardous waste from time to time by a notice published in the NSW Government Gazette. However the EPA may classify waste as restricted solid waste from time to time by a notice published in the NSW Government Gazette. general solid waste (putrescible) or general solid waste (non-putrescible). The following wastes have already been classified by the EPA. All currently gazetted restricted wastes will be listed on DECCW’s website at www. commercial or community services purposes) lead paint waste arising otherwise than from residential premises or educational or child care institutions any mixture of the wastes referred to above.Waste Classification Guidelines Step 3: Is the waste ‘pre-classified’? If the waste is neither special nor liquid waste.1 of the Transport of Dangerous Goods Code applies. Hazardous waste The following wastes have been pre-classified by the EPA as ‘hazardous waste’: • containers. Restricted solid waste Currently. Wastes that have been classified by the EPA cannot be reclassified by any other party.
ceramics. plastic. Wastes may be classified as general solid waste (putrescible) by the EPA from time to time by a notice published in the NSW Government Gazette. silviculture or horticulture building cavity dust waste removed from residential premises or educational or child care institutions. rags and oil-absorbent materials that only contain non-volatile petroleum hydrocarbons and do not contain free liquids drained motor oil containers that do not contain free liquids non-putrescible vegetative waste from agriculture. local councils from street sweepings grit. In assessing whether waste has been pre-classified as general solid waste (putrescible). sale or consumption of food but does not include grease-trap waste. the following definitions apply: Animal waste includes dead animals and animal parts and any mixture of dead animals and animal parts. being waste that is packaged securely to prevent dust emissions and direct contact • • • • • • • • • 8 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . plasterboard. from which residues have been removed by washing or vacuuming drained oil filters (mechanically crushed). All currently gazetted general solid wastes (putrescible) are listed on DECCW’s website at www. or on behalf of. preparation. previously containing dangerous goods. litter and gross pollutants collected in. stormwater treatment devices and/or stormwater management systems that have been dewatered so that they do not contain free liquids grit and screenings from potable water and water reticulation plants that have been dewatered so that they do not contain free liquids garden waste wood waste waste contaminated with lead (including lead paint waste) from residential premises or educational or child care institutions containers. such as straw.htm General solid waste (non-putrescible) The following wastes have been pre-classified as ‘general solid waste (non-putrescible)’: • • • • • glass.gov. sediment. bricks.nsw. Food waste means waste from the manufacture. concrete or metal paper or cardboard household waste from municipal clean-up that does not contain food waste waste collected by. Manure includes any mixture of manure and biodegradable animal bedding. and removed from.environment.au/waste/ wastetypes.Waste Classification Guidelines • • • animal waste grit or screenings from sewage treatment systems that have been dewatered so that the grit or screenings do not contain free liquids any mixture of the wastes referred to above. rubber.
or the construction. leaves. • and includes excavated natural material that meets such criteria for virgin excavated natural material as may be approved from time to time by a notice published in the NSW Government Gazette. refurbishment or alteration of buildings other than: – – – – • chemical works. and timber. gravel. or container reconditioning works. tree trunks. • • • • • • • • In assessing whether waste has been pre-classified as general solid waste (non-putrescible). in accordance with the criteria set out in the Biosolids Guidelines (EPA 2000) cured concrete waste from a batch plant fully cured and set thermosetting polymers and fibre-reinforcing resins fully cured and dried residues of resins. polyesters and other plastics) being waste that is packaged securely to prevent dust emissions. electricity. tunnels. paper. Garden waste means waste that consists of branches. sand. high temperature creosote (HTC). commercial. tree stumps and similar materials. the following definitions apply: Building and demolition waste means unsegregated material (other than material containing asbestos waste) that results from: • the demolition. construction. erection.Waste Classification Guidelines • synthetic fibre waste (from materials such as fibreglass. glass and metal. mining or agricultural activities. but excluding asbestos waste virgin excavated natural material building and demolition waste asphalt waste (including asphalt resulting from road construction and waterproofing works) biosolids categorised as unrestricted use. sewage. Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 9 . replacement. and includes any mixture of those materials. concrete. Virgin excavated natural material means natural material (such as clay. or mineral processing works. repair or alteration of infrastructure development such as roads. or with process residues. or waste treatment facilities. including unsegregated timber. pigmented emulsified creosote (PEC) and light organic solvent preservative (LOSP) and includes materials such as: but does not include excavated soil (for example. telecommunications and airports. grass. plants. or any other waste. or restricted use 1. glues. bricks. 2 or 3. and that does not contain sulfidic ores or soils. coatings and inks any mixture of the wastes referred to above. paints. plastics. as a result of industrial. water. soil or rock fines): • that has been excavated or quarried from areas that are not contaminated with manufactured chemicals. loppings. that may contain timber treated with chemicals such as copper chrome arsenate (CCA). soil excavated to level off a site prior to construction or to enable foundations to be laid or infrastructure to be constructed).
10 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) .nsw. pigmented emulsified creosote (PEC) and light organic solvent preservative (LOSP). and includes any mixture of those materials.Waste Classification Guidelines Wood waste means sawdust. high temperature creosote (HTC).environment. Additional wastes may be classified as general solid waste (non-putrescible) by the EPA from time to time by a notice published in the NSW Government Gazette.gov.au/waste/wastetypes. but does not include wood treated with chemicals such as copper chrome arsenate (CCA). timber offcuts.htm. wooden packaging. wooden crates. All currently gazetted general solid wastes (non-putrescible) are listed on DECCW’s website at www. wood shavings and similar materials. wooden pallets.
• • • • For further information on the test methods to establish whether the waste exhibits any of the above characteristics. Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 11 .2: Substances liable to spontaneous combustion (excluding garden waste. and all physical forms of carbon such as activated carbon and graphite) Division 4.3: Substances which when in contact with water emit flammable gases Class 5: Oxidising agents and organic peroxides Division 6. natural organic fibrous material and wood waste. please refer to the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (National Transport Commission 2008).1: Flammable solids (excluding garden waste.1: Toxic substances Class 8: Corrosive substances. and all physical forms of carbon such as activated carbon and graphite) Division 4. natural organic fibrous material and wood waste.Waste Classification Guidelines Step 4: Does the waste possess hazardous characteristics? Waste must be classified as ‘hazardous waste’ if it is a dangerous good under any of the following classes or divisions of the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (National Transport Commission 2008): • • • • Class 1: Explosives Class 2: Gases (compressed. liquefied or dissolved under pressure) Division 4.
which cannot be disposed of and must be treated. Where a waste generator does not wish to undertake this chemical assessment.05 if the pH of the waste sample is less than 5. the waste must be managed as if it were hazardous waste. Chemical assessment may not be necessary where the waste generator knows the processes which produced the waste and the maximum possible levels of contaminants it contains. expressed as milligrams per litre (mg/L).05 if the pH of the waste sample is greater than 5. expressed as milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) the leachable concentration of any chemical contaminant using the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP).0. The chemical assessment process is based around the waste’s potential to release chemical contaminants into the environment through contact with liquids.Waste Classification Guidelines Step 5: Determining a waste’s classification using chemical assessment Waste generators should chemically assess their waste to determine its classification where: • • the waste is not special waste. they are strongly encouraged to seek expert help. Bottle Leaching Procedure (Australian Standard 1997a) AS 4439. Test methods for determining SCC and TCLP The reference test methods for determining both the SCC and TCLP values are as described in the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. either from a laboratory that specialises in waste analysis or someone specialising in waste management issues. 12 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . or both. IVA and IVB. or 2.3–1997: Wastes. Measurable properties of waste The two measurable properties of chemical contaminants used to classify waste are: • • the specific contaminant concentration (SCC) of any chemical contaminant in the waste.epa. mainly water. the generator must ensure that the reasons for not undertaking the chemical assessment are documented and records of the decision retained for three years. Information on sampling and analytical methods is provided in Appendix I. II. The generator must be certain that the waste can be classified without SCC and/or TCLP testing (see below).1–1999: Wastes. IIIB.93 ± 0.88 ± 0. Sediments and Contaminated Soils – Preparation of Leachates. which leads to the production of leachates.2–1997: Wastes. Zero Headspace Procedure (Australian Standard 1997b). Sediments and Contaminated Soils – Preparation of Leachates. Preliminary Assessment (Australian Standard 1999b) AS 4439. Physical/Chemical Methods (USEPA 1986) and Updates I.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/sw846. The standard pH for the leaching solutions used must be either 4. The following procedures for leachate preparation are recommended: • • • AS 4439. Where waste generators are unsure of the appropriate sampling or analytical methods for a particular waste.0. and the composition of the waste is not known. In these cases. liquid waste. available at www. a waste pre-classified by the EPA or a waste possessing hazardous characteristics. Sediments and Contaminated Soils – Preparation of Leachates.htm. IIIA.
Waste Classification Guidelines To determine the pH of the waste sample. EPA authorisation to use an alternative must be sought in writing and will only be provided with adequate justification for the proposed variation. the sample standard deviation and the 95% UCL of the mean concentration is calculated for each contaminant to ensure that the 95% UCL for the mean concentration is less than or equal to the SCC or TCLP limit value specified for that contaminant. the waste must be classified as hazardous waste. If any of the SCC or TCLP threshold values specified in Table 2 are exceeded for restricted solid waste. Based on SCC alone. Note: For waste assessment and classification. It is important to note that wherever an EPA approval has been given for the immobilisation of the contaminant(s). Classifying a waste using both the SCC test and TCLP To establish the waste’s classification using both SCC and TCLP. the test value for each contaminant must be less than or equal to the contaminant threshold (CT) value specified for that contaminant in Table 1 for it to fall into the following classes: • • general solid waste ≤ CT1 restricted solid waste ≤ CT2. The SCC test acts as an initial screening test for the classification of a waste. Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 13 . Note: For waste assessment and classification. Classification General solid waste Restricted solid waste Hazardous waste SCC value ≤ SCC1 ≤ SCC2 > SCC2 TCLP value ≤ TCLP1 ≤ TCLP2 > TCLP2 If any of the SCC or TCLP threshold values specified in Table 2 are exceeded for general solid waste. use the test method specified in Clause 7. For further assistance. If a waste’s SCC test value exceeds the contaminant threshold value set for general solid waste (CT1). a TCLP test is necessary to determine the leachable concentration and class of waste. further assessment using the TCLP test may be used. it is recommended that the sample mean. the test values for each chemical contaminant must be compared with the threshold values set in Table 2. contact DECCW’s Waste Management Section. Detailed interpretative guidance regarding the use of both SCC and TCLP values to establish a waste’s classification is provided in Table 3. the sample standard deviation and the 95% upper confidence limit (UCL) of the mean concentration is calculated for each contaminant to ensure that the 95% UCL for the mean concentration is less than or equal to the CT limit value specified for that contaminant. In some instances the EPA may permit the use of leachates with a pH different from those specified above. it is recommended that the sample mean.3–1997 (above). An example might be the testing of a non-putrescible waste for disposal into a monofill or monocell which it can be shown will not be penetrated by acidic leachate or groundwater. Where the contaminant threshold value set for restricted solid waste (CT2) is exceeded. Classifying a waste using the SCC test The first test that should be used to chemically assess waste is the specific contaminant concentration (SCC) test.5 (Selection of Leaching Fluid) of AS 4439. the waste must be classified as restricted solid waste. the waste can be classified according to its TCLP test results alone.
vanadium and zinc have not been listed with values in this table and need not be tested for. iron.6 60 600 3000 40 14 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . barium.8 20 20 10 2000 120 4 100 4000 4000 4000 4000 70 320 200 86 150 10 14 172 2. copper. boron.1-Dichloroethylene Dichloromethane 2.4-Dichlorobenzene 1.2-Dichloroethane 1.2-Dichlorobenzene 1. manganese.Waste Classification Guidelines Table 1: Contaminant threshold values (CT1 & CT2) for classifying waste by chemical assessment without the leaching (TCLP) test For disposal requirements for organic and inorganic chemical contaminants not listed below.4 240 2400 12000 160 69377-81-7 94-75-7 95-50-1 106-46-7 107-06-2 75-35-4 75-09-2 121-14-2 See below5 100-41-4 108-39-4 95-48-7 106-44-5 1319-77-3 56-23-5 108-90-7 67-66-3 2921-88-2 71-43-2 50-32-8 CAS Registry Number CT1 (mg/kg) 100 10 0. Maximum values of specific contaminant concentration (SCC) for classification without TCLP General solid waste1 Contaminant Arsenic Benzene Benzo(a)pyrene2 Beryllium Cadmium Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chlorpyrifos Chromium (VI)3 m-Cresol o-Cresol p-Cresol Cresol (total) Cyanide (amenable) Cyanide (total) 2.2 80 80 40 8000 480 16 400 16000 16000 16000 16000 280 1280 800 344 600 40 56 688 10. chromium (0 and III oxidation states). contact DECCW. Aluminium.4-D 1.4-Dinitrotoluene Endosulfan5 Ethylbenzene Fluoride Fluroxypyr 4 Restricted solid waste CT2 (mg/kg) 400 40 3. cobalt.
3.1.4.2-Tetrachloroethane 1.2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethylene Toluene 1.4.1.2-Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene 2.6-Trichlorophenol CT1 (mg/kg) 100 4 4000 N/A 7 Restricted solid waste CT2 (mg/kg) 400 16 16000 N/A 7 CAS Registry Number 78-93-3 See below6 100 40 40 N/A7 N/A7 288 60 20 N/A7 N/A7 N/A7 20 100 60 128 10 200 26 14 288 600 24 10 8000 40 400 160 160 N/A7 N/A7 1152 240 80 N/A7 N/A7 N/A7 80 400 240 512 40 800 104 56 1152 2400 96 40 32000 160 100-42-5 107534-96-3 634-66-2 630-20-6 79-34-5 127-18-4 108-88-3 71-55-6 79-00-5 79-01-6 95-95-4 88-06-2 108-95-2 1918-02-1 See below8 1336-36-3 98-95-3 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 15 .1.1.2.2.Waste Classification Guidelines Maximum values of specific contaminant concentration (SCC) for classification without TCLP General solid waste1 Contaminant Lead Mercury Methyl ethyl ketone Moderately harmful pesticides6 (total) Molybdenum Nickel Nitrobenzene C6-C9 petroleum hydrocarbons C10-C36 petroleum hydrocarbons Phenol (non-halogenated) Picloram Plasticiser compounds8 Polychlorinated biphenyls Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (total) Scheduled chemicals Selenium Silver Styrene (vinyl benzene) Tebuconazole 1.1-Trichloroethane 1.4Tetrachlorobenzene 1.5-Trichlorophenol 2.1.
Cypermethrin (52315-07-08). Imidacloprid (138261-41-3). Deltamethrin (52918-63-5). There may be a need for the laboratory to concentrate the sample to achieve the TCLP limit value for benzo(a)pyrene with confidence. DECCW may consider other methods if it can be demonstrated that these methods yield the same information. Profenofos (41198-08-7). Carboxin (5234-68-4). Thiabendazole (148-79-8). Permethrin (52645-53-1). 7. 3. Fluazifop-P-butyl (79241-46-6). Simazine (122-34-9). Cyhalothrin (68085-85-8). Thiodicarb (59669-26-0) and Thiram (137-26-8). Emamectin benzoate (137515-75-4 & 155569-91-8). 2-octylthiazol-3-one (26530-20-1).Thiamethoxam (153719-23-4). Analysis for cyanide (amenable) is the established method for assessing potentially leachable cyanide. Oxyfluorfen (42874-03-3). Fludioxonil (131341-86-1). Cyfluthrin (68359-37-5). N/A means not applicable. Fipronil (120068-37-3). CT1 (mg/kg) 40 4 1000 Restricted solid waste CT2 (mg/kg) 160 16 4000 CAS Registry Number 55335-06-3 75-01-4 1330-20-7 5. Endosulfan (CAS Registry Number 115-29-7) means the total of Endosulfan I (CAS Registry Number 959-98-8). Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintozene) (82-68-8). Ethion (563-12-2). 16 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . 2. Fenitrothion (122-14-5). Paraquat dichloride (1910-42-5). Glyphosate (1071-83-6). Values are the same for both general solid waste (putrescible) and general solid waste (non-putrescible). Propargite (2312-35-8). Plasticiser compounds means the total of di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (CAS Registry Number 117-81-7) and di-2-ethyl hexyl adipate (CAS Registry Number 103-23-1) contained within a waste. Endosulfan II (CAS Registry Number 891-86-1) and Endosulfan sulfate (CAS Registry Number 1031-07-8). Methyl chlorpyrifos (5598-13-0).Waste Classification Guidelines Maximum values of specific contaminant concentration (SCC) for classification without TCLP General solid waste1 Contaminant Triclopyr Vinyl chloride Xylenes (total) Notes 1. Azoxystrobin (131860-33-8). because these contaminants are only assessed using SCC see Table 2 for SCC criteria. 6. Dichlofluanid (1085-98-9). Difenoconazole (119446-68-3). 3-Methyl-4-chlorophenol (59-50-7). Malathion (Maldison) (121-75-5). Dichlorvos (62-73-7). Parathion methyl (298-00-0). 8. Bifenthrin (82657-04-3). Prometryn (7287-19-6). Indoxacarb (173584-44-6). Diquat dibromide (85-00-7). N-Methyl pyrrolidone (872-50-4). These limits apply to chromium in the +6 oxidation state only. Metalaxyl-M (70630-17-0). Copper naphthenate (1338-02-9). Fenthion (5538-9). Methidathion (950-37-8). Brodifacoum (56073-10-0). Metalaxyl (57837-19-1). The following moderately harmful pesticides (CAS Registry Number) are to be included in the total values specified: Atrazine (1912-24-9). 4. Dimethoate (60-51-5).
copper. barium.2 30 2 2. contact DECCW. Maximum values for leachable concentration and specific contaminant concentration when used together General solid waste1 Leachable concentration Specific contaminant concentration Restricted solid waste Leachable concentration Specific contaminant concentration Contaminant Arsenic Benzene Benzo(a)pyrene Beryllium Cadmium Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chlorpyrifos Chromium (VI)6 m-Cresol o-Cresol p-Cresol Cresol (total) Cyanide (amenable)7.57 167 102 4.2 52 2002 200 200 200 2 2 2 108-39-4 95-48-7 106-44-5 1319-773 3.8 20 800 800 800 800 14 64 40 17.Waste Classification Guidelines Table 2: Leachable concentration (TCLP) and specific contaminant concentration (SCC) values for classifying waste by chemical assessment For disposal requirements for organic and inorganic chemical contaminants not listed below.52 0.4Dichlorobenzene 1.4-D 1.1-Dichloroethylene Dichloromethane 3 TCLP1 (mg/L) 5.72 8.2Dichlorobenzene 1.3 2 94-75-7 95-50-1 106-46-7 107-06-2 75-35-4 75-09-2 7.0 5 1.8 34.04 1.62 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 17 .4 SCC2 (mg/kg) 2000 72 23 400 400 72 14400 864 30 7600 28800 28800 28800 28800 1200 23600 1440 620 1080 72 100 1240 CAS Registry Number 71-43-2 50-32-8 0. vanadium and zinc have not been listed with values in this table and need not be tested for.5 1900 7200 7200 7200 7200 300 5900 360 155 270 18 25 310 TCLP2 (mg/L) 20 2 0. manganese. Aluminium. iron. boron. 8 Cyanide (total)7 2. cobalt.16 4 4 2 400 24 0.5 2 56-23-5 108-90-7 67-66-3 2921-882 1002 6 2 0.5 2 4 SCC1 (mg/kg) 500 18 10 100 100 18 3600 216 7.2Dichloroethane 1.02 0.52 0.02 0. chromium (0 and III oxidation states).
Waste Classification Guidelines Maximum values for leachable concentration and specific contaminant concentration when used together General solid waste1 Leachable concentration Specific contaminant concentration Restricted solid waste Leachable concentration Specific contaminant concentration Contaminant 2.4-Dinitrotoluene Endosulfan9 Ethylbenzene Fluoride Fluroxypyr Lead Mercury Methyl ethyl ketone Moderately harmful pesticides11(total) Molybdenum Nickel Nitrobenzene C6-C9 petroleum hydrocarbons13 C10-C36 petroleum hydrocarbons13 Phenol (nonhalogenated) Picloram Plasticiser compounds15 Polychlorinated biphenyls12 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (total)16 Scheduled chemicals17 Selenium TCLP1 (mg/L) 0.6 12 4 N/A12 N/A12 2073 440 2400 < 50 800 108-95-2 1918-021 See below15 1336-363 N/A12 12 < 50 50 N/A12 4 < 50 200 See below17 18 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) .414 3 1 N/A12 N/A12 518 110 600 < 50 200 57.68 108 1080 10000 75 1500 50 7200 250 TCLP2 (mg/L) 0.132 3 3010 15010 2 52 0.8 800 N/A12 SCC2 (mg/kg) 18.52 12 120 600 8 20 0.2 2 SCC1 (mg/kg) 4.7 432 4320 40000 300 6000 200 28800 1000 CAS Registry Number 121-14-2 See below9 100-41-4 6937781-7 2002 N/A12 78-93-3 See below11 510 2 10 1000 1050 72 20 8 8 N/A 12 4000 4200 288 2600 40000 98-95-3 22 N/A 12 650 10000 N/A12 N/A12 14.
1.2 1800 2.72 14.2 18 14400 72 75 7.2.8 57. 3. TCLP1 (mg/L) 5.2 518 1080 43. See Hazardous Waste Management System: Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste – Toxicity Characteristics Revisions. Final Rule (USEPA 1990) for TCLP levels.2Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethylene Toluene 1. 19 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) .4.52 400 22 2 0.4Tetrachlorobenzene 1.22 0.Waste Classification Guidelines Maximum values for leachable concentration and specific contaminant concentration when used together General solid waste1 Leachable concentration Specific contaminant concentration Restricted solid waste Leachable concentration Specific contaminant concentration Contaminant Silver Styrene (vinyl benzene) Tebuconazole 1.8 200 100. There may be a need for the laboratory to concentrate the sample to achieve the TCLP limit value for benzo(a)pyrene with confidence.4 0.8 7200 127-18-4 108-88-3 71-55-6 79-00-5 79-01-6 95-95-4 88-06-2 5533506-3 75-01-4 1330-207 1.32 46.1Trichloroethane 1.1.2. 2.2Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene 2.8 2073 4320 172.8 5.2 187.6Trichlorophenol Triclopyr Vinyl chloride Xylenes (total) Notes 1.02 310 6.2 79-34-5 0.8 72 57600 288 300 28.4.6 120 4.8 2 1600 8 8 0.414 30 2 25.3.2Tetrachloroethane 1.1.1.5 SCC1 (mg/kg) 180 108 230 18 TCLP2 (mg/L) 20 12 25.22 5018 2 Values are the same for general solid waste (putrescible) and general solid waste (nonputrescible).6 2 SCC2 (mg/kg) 720 432 920 72 CAS Registry Number 100-42-5 10753496-3 634-66-2 102 360 40 1440 630-20-6 1.5Trichlorophenol 2.1.
The results of total petroleum hydrocarbons (C10-C36) analyses are reported as a sum of the relevant three fractions. 20 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . diesel C12-C18. Endosulfan (CAS Registry Number 115-29-7) means the total of Endosulfan I (CAS Registry Number 959-98-8). Prior to TPH (C10-C36) analysis. Brodifacoum (56073-10-0). Imidacloprid (138261-41-3). you are advised to treat the extract that has been solvent exchanged to hexane with silica gel as described in USEPA Method 1664A (USEPA 1999). 11. Calculated from Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (NHMRC 1994) The following moderately harmful pesticides (CAS Registry Number) are to be included in the total values specified: Atrazine (1912-24-9). Final Rule (USEPA 1990) Plasticiser compounds means the total of di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (CAS Registry Number 117-81-7) and di-2-ethyl hexyl adipate (CAS Registry Number 103-23-1) contained within a waste. Difenoconazole (119446-68-3). Calculated from Hazardous Waste: Identification and Listing – Proposed Rule (USEPA 1995) Calculated from ‘Beryllium’ in The Health Risk Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites (DiMarco & Buckett 1996) These limits apply to chromium in the +6 oxidation state only. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and scheduled chemicals are assessed using SCC1 and SCC2. Fipronil (120068-37-3). Oxyfluorfen (42874-03-3). Approximate range of petroleum hydrocarbon fractions: petrol C6-C9. Carboxin (5234-68-4). Indoxacarb (173584-44-6). 2-octylthiazol-3-one (26530-20-1). Metalaxyl-M (70630-17-0). Taken from the Land Disposal Restrictions for Newly Identified and Listed Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Soil: Proposed Rule (USEPA 1993) Analysis for cyanide (amenable) is the established method used to assess the potentially leachable cyanide. Fluazifop-P-butyl (79241-46-6). 6. C15-C28 and C29-C36. Fenthion (5538-9). Moderately harmful pesticides. Paraquat dichloride (1910-42-5). polychlorinated biphenyls. DECCW may consider other methods if it can be demonstrated that these methods yield the same information. Please note that hydrocarbons are defined as molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. 15. Malathion (Maldison) (121-75-5). N-Methyl pyrrolidone (872-50-4). Emamectin benzoate (137515-75-4 & 155569-91-8). Prometryn (7287-19-6). Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintozene) (82-68-8). No TCLP analysis is required. and lubricating oils above C18. Permethrin (52645-53-1). Thiodicarb (59669-26-0) and Thiram (137-26-8). Fludioxonil (131341-86-1). Diquat dibromide (85-00-7). Simazine (122-34-9). 14. 13. Glyphosate (1071-83-6). Ethion (563-12-2). Azoxystrobin (131860-33-8). petroleum hydrocarbons. Thiabendazole (148-79-8). Laboratory results are reported as four different fractions: C6-C9. Fenitrothion (122-14-5).Thiamethoxam (153719-23-4). Where the presence of other materials that will interfere with the analysis may be present. 10. cleanup may be necessary to remove non-petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. Methyl chlorpyrifos (5598-13-0). Propargite (2312-35-8). Dimethoate (60-51-5). Bifenthrin (82657-04-3). 3-Methyl-4-chlorophenol (59-50-7). Cypermethrin (52315-07-08). 12. Dichlorvos (62-73-7). Cyhalothrin (68085-85-8). 9. Metalaxyl (57837-19-1). 5. such as oils and fats from food sources. kerosene C10C18. Profenofos (41198-08-7). Methidathion (950-37-8). 7. Deltamethrin (52918-63-5). Cyfluthrin (68359-37-5).Waste Classification Guidelines 4. Copper naphthenate (1338-02-9). Endosulfan II (CAS Registry Number 891-86-1) and Endosulfan sulfate (CAS Registry Number 1031-07-8). 8. Dichlofluanid (1085-98-9). Proposed level for phenol and toluene in Hazardous Waste Management System: Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste – Toxicity Characteristics Revisions. C10-C14. Parathion methyl (298-00-0).
1. Calculated from Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (WHO 1993) Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 21 .4Trichlorobenzene (120-82-1). as follows: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (total) CAS Registry PAH name Number PAH name Acenaphthene 83-32-9 Chrysene Acenaphthylene 208-96-8 Dibenzo(a. Hexachlorobenzene (118-74-1). Gamma-BHC (Lindane) (58-89-9). 2. Alpha-BHC (319-84-6).5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Delta-BHC (319-86-8). Endrin aldehyde (742193-4).Waste Classification Guidelines 16.2. The following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CAS number) are assessed as the total concentration of 16 USEPA Priority Pollutant PAHs. 18. Endrin (72-20-8).4. 1. Heptachlor epoxide (1024-57-3). salts and esters (9376-5). 2. Hexachlorophene (70-30-4). Heptachlor (76-44-8). Chlordane (57-74-9).h)anthracene Anthracene 120-12-7 Fluoranthene Benzo(a)anthracene 56-55-3 Fluorene Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8 Indeno(1.4.3. Beta-BHC (319-85-7). Pentachloronitrobenzene (82-68-8).5Tetrachlorobenzene (95-94-3).6 Tetrachlorophenol (58-90-2). Pentachlorobenzene (60893-5). The following Scheduled Chemicals (CAS Registry Number) are to be included in the total values specified: Aldrin (309-00-2). Dieldrin (60-57-1). DDD (72-54-8).2. Pentachlorophenol (87-86-5). Isodrin (465-73-6).2.3-cd)pyrene Benzo(b)fluoranthene 205-99-2 Naphthalene Benzo(ghi)perylene 191-24-2 Phenanthrene Benzo(k)fluoranthene 207-08-9 Pyrene CAS Registry Number 218-01-9 53-70-3 206-44-0 86-73-7 193-39-5 91-20-3 85-01-8 129-00-0 17.4. DDE (72-55-9). DDT (50-29-3).
TCLP test values > TCLP 2 2. 3. TCLP1 < TCLP test values ≤ TCLP2 and SCC test values > SCC2 and DECCW approves immobilisation3 Without DECCW approval of immobilisation. SCC test values ≤ CT1 2. TCLP test values ≤ TCLP1 and SCC test values ≤ SCC1 3. See also the general waste classification principles on page 2 for other criteria that must be satisfied before the waste can be classified. TCLP1 < TCLP test values ≤ TCLP2 and SCC test values ≤ SCC2 3.TCLP test values ≤ TCLP2 and SCC1 < SCC test values ≤ SCC2 4.Waste Classification Guidelines Table 3: Summary of criteria for chemical assessment to determine waste classification Waste classification1 General solid waste Criteria2 for classification by chemical assessment (any of the alternative options given) 1. Information about the construction and operation of a monofill/monocell is available in the Draft Environmental Guidelines for Industrial Waste Landfilling (EPA 1998). TCLP test values ≤ TCLP1 and SCC test values > SCC1 and DECCW approves immobilisation3 Without DECCW approval of immobilisation. classify as restricted solid or hazardous (as applicable) TCLP test not required Comments TCLP test not required Restricted solid waste 1. SCC test values ≤ CT2 2. In certain cases DECCW will consider specific conditions. classify as hazardous Hazardous waste 1. such as segregation of the waste from all other types of waste in a monofill or monocell in order to achieve a greater margin of safety against a possible failure of the immobilisation in the future. 22 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . TCLP test values ≤ TCLP2 and SCC test values > SCC2 and no DECCW approval for immobilisation Notes: 1. These criteria apply to each toxic and ecotoxic contaminant present in the waste (see Tables 1 and 2). 2.
during composting (for the purpose of stabilisation). Conditioners and Mulches (Australian Standard 2003a). timber.5 milligrams O2 per hour per gram of total organic solids at 20 degrees Celsius. birds and rodents). garden trimmings.Waste Classification Guidelines Step 6: Is the waste putrescible? Where chemical assessment of a waste results in classification of the waste as general solid waste. or has been treated by composting for at least 14 days. the temperature of the organics fraction does not exceed a self-heating temperature of 40 degrees Celsius. • • Non-putrescible materials typically do not: • • • Wastes that are generally not classified as putrescible include soils. forestry and crop materials. agricultural. when tested in accordance with the test method in Appendix K of AS 4454–2003: Composts. during which time the temperature of the organic waste must have been greater than 40 degrees Celsius and the average temperature greater than 45 degrees Celsius. the waste must be classified as ‘general solid waste (putrescible)’. or has been subjected to and has met the requirements of alternative tests approved by the EPA from time to time by notice published in the NSW Government Gazette and published on DECCW’s website. further assessment may be undertaken to determine whether the waste can be classified as ‘general solid waste (putrescible)’ or ‘general solid waste (non-putrescible)’. Soils. Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 23 . birds and rodents). and natural fibrous organic and vegetative materials. General solid waste may only be classified as non-putrescible if: • • • • it does not readily decay under standard conditions. the mass of volatile solids in the organic waste has been reduced by at least 38%. or is such that. or in the case of biologically treated putrescible wastes. Note: Output from Alternative Waste Technology facilities (AWTs) that requires disposal must be assessed in accordance with the above to determine its putrescibility. or has a specific oxygen uptake of less than 1. Where a waste generator does not wish to undertake further assessment of the waste in accordance with this step. does not emit offensive odours and does not attract vermin or other vectors (such as flies. readily decay under standard conditions emit offensive odours attract vermin or other vectors (such as flies.
or separating portions of waste that contain high levels of contaminants from the rest. It is recommended that the upper limit of the combined confidence interval of sampling and analysis (at a probability of 95%) is used for comparison with the maximum values specified in Tables 1 and 2. If unsure of the appropriate sampling or analytical methods for a particular waste. it is essential that the sampling regime and analytical method used ensure the results are representative of all components and their variability in the waste. or both. Who can do the chemical analysis and leaching tests? It is strongly recommended that analytical laboratories accredited by the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) are used to perform these analyses and tests. sampling is relatively straightforward and useful guidance can be found in the following Australian Standards: • • AS 1199. This approach should give the assessor confidence that a correct classification has been made. In such situations. either from a laboratory that specialises in waste analysis or an appropriately qualified person specialising in such waste management issues. it is not possible to recommend sampling methods for all waste types. foundry sand. 24 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . furnace slag or mining waste. It is more difficult to accurately sample waste that consists of many different types of waste materials or has chemical contaminants that are not distributed evenly throughout the batch. While the following is provided as a guide.0–2003: Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attributes – Introduction to the ISO2859 Attribute Sampling System (Australian Standard 2003b) AS 1141. Appropriate sampling depends on how consistent any tested property is throughout a batch of waste.Waste Classification Guidelines Appendix 1: Chemical assessment Sampling and analytical methods Sampling identifies the average levels of contaminants in the waste being assessed. contact DECCW’s Waste Management Section for advice.0–1999: Methods for Sampling and Testing Aggregates (Australian Standard 1999a) is useful for sampling wastes such as aggregates. waste generators are strongly encouraged to seek expert help. Precision in chemical analyses It is important that the test methods and instruments used in analysing a waste are capable of measuring the concentration of each chemical contaminant with enough confidence to assure correct classification. keeping different waste types separate. Since most incorrect chemical assessments of waste are due to poor sampling. If accredited laboratories are not available locally. can be of great benefit. Where the property being tested for is highly consistent throughout the waste. It is the waste generator’s responsibility to ensure that the sampling and analytical methods used are appropriate for the contaminants they are testing for.
Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) 25 .Waste Classification Guidelines Frequency of testing There may be situations in which frequent testing of the waste for an initial period establishes that the characteristics of the waste are consistent enough to give the waste generator confidence to reduce the frequency of testing. On the other hand. It is the responsibility of the waste generator to ensure that frequency of testing provides representative samples for all contaminants in that waste. some waste streams may show such large variations in properties that every load of waste would need to be tested before classification. If a waste contains chemical contaminants that are not in these tables. Which contaminants should be tested for? Tables 1 and 2 in this guidance note list the chemical contaminants that are used in the classification of wastes. contact DECCW’s Waste Management Section for advice.
Environmental Guidelines: Use and Disposal of Biosolids Products. B Markey and H Hill (eds). Geneva 26 Part 1: Classifying waste (December 2009) . NSW Environment Protection Authority. South Australian Health Commission. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Standards Australia. 1986 and Updates I. Preliminary Assessment. 5. Soils. AS 4439. P and Buckett. No.Waste Classification Guidelines References Australian Standard 1997a. Vol. 60. Standards Australia Sydney Australian Standard 2003b. 58. Hazardous Waste: Identification and Listing – Proposed Rule. Proceedings of the Third National Workshop on the Health Risk Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites. 66445. AS 4439. Sediments and Contaminated Soils – Preparation of Leachates. NSW Environment Protection Authority. Land Disposal Restrictions for Newly Identified and Listed Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Soil – Proposed Rule. IIIA.epa. KJ 1996. Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. No. 61. Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail. 245. SW– 846. Sediments and Contaminated Soils – Preparation of Leachates. Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM. Conditioners and Mulches. II. Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. Federal Register. 48103–48106. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods.0–1999: Methods for Sampling and Testing Aggregate. Contaminated Sites Monograph Series No.2–1997: Wastes.3–1997: Wastes. Washington DC USEPA 1995. Sydney Australian Standard 1999a. Standards Australia. Sydney Australian Standard 1997b. USEPA Method 1664A: n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Melbourne NHMRC 1994. available at www. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Sydney EPA 2000. Hazardous Waste Management System: Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste – Toxicity Characteristics Revisions. Zero Headspace Procedure.htm USEPA 1990. Sydney Australian Standard 1999b. Federal Register. AS 1141. AS 4454–2003: Composts. Sediments and Contaminated Soils – Preparation of Leachates. Washington DC WHO 1993. Sydney Australian Standard 2003a. 55.0–2003: Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attributes – Introduction to the ISO2859 Attribute Sampling System. Vol. Standards Australia. Washington DC USEPA 1999. AS 1199. Revision A. United States Environmental Protection Agency. ‘Beryllium’ in A Langley. IIIB. Standards Australia. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Standards Australia Sydney DiMarco. 176. National Health and Medical Research Council. IVA and IVB. Federal Register. No. Final Rule. Third Edition. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. World Health Organisation. Adelaide EPA 1998. Vol. Sydney National Transport Commission 2008. The Health Risk Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites. Bottle Leaching Procedure. Canberra USEPA 1986. 7th edition. Washington DC USEPA 1993. AS 4439. Draft Environmental Guidelines for Industrial Waste Landfilling.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/sw846.1–1999: Wastes.
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