Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8054452?dq=5435091
Timestamp: 2013-12-05 21:45:02
Document Index: 65372542

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 10', 'art 14', 'art 14', 'art 14', 'art 14', 'art 14', 'art 14']

Patent US8054452 - Spectroscopic detector and method for determining the presence of blood and ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Advanced Patent Search | Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsThe invention relates to a detector for measuring scattered light in liquids having a housing, a transparent, flexible tube for transporting liquid through the housing, a light emitter, and a light detector. Two parallel surfaces are formed in the housing, between which the tube is arranged such that...http://www.google.com/patents/US8054452?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8054452 - Spectroscopic detector and method for determining the presence of blood and biological marker substances in liquidsPublication numberUS8054452 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/306,088PCT numberPCT/EP2007/005631Publication dateNov 8, 2011Filing dateJun 26, 2007Priority dateJun 29, 2006Also published asCN101479595A, CN101479595B, DE102006029899A1, DE102006029899B4, EP2032967A1, US8269953, US20090279071, US20120062869, WO2008000433A1Publication number12306088, 306088, PCT/2007/5631, PCT/EP/2007/005631, PCT/EP/2007/05631, PCT/EP/7/005631, PCT/EP/7/05631, PCT/EP2007/005631, PCT/EP2007/05631, PCT/EP2007005631, PCT/EP200705631, PCT/EP7/005631, PCT/EP7/05631, PCT/EP7005631, PCT/EP705631, US 8054452 B2, US 8054452B2, US-B2-8054452, US8054452 B2, US8054452B2InventorsItka Bado, Michael Herrenbauer, Ulrich MoisslOriginal AssigneeFresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbhPatent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (15), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSpectroscopic detector and method for determining the presence of blood and biological marker substances in liquidsUS 8054452 B2Abstract The invention relates to a detector for measuring scattered light in liquids having a housing, a transparent, flexible tube for transporting liquid through the housing, a light emitter, and a light detector. Two parallel surfaces are formed in the housing, between which the tube is arranged such that two opposing tube walls are formed in a planar parallel manner. The light emitter is arranged in such a way that the optical axis thereof is perpendicular to the parallel surfaces of the first tube wall, and the light detector is adjacent to the light emitter, the optical axes of the light emitter and light detector forming an angle smaller than 90�. The invention also relates to a method for detecting the presence of blood and for the quantitative determination of biological marker substances, especially bilirubin, in solution, and to a device for treating blood containing the detector.
1. A device for measuring stray light in liquids comprising:
wherein the first optical axis and the second optical axis form an angle of less than about 90�,
wherein the at least one flattened portion of the tube wall comprises a first wall adjacent to the light emitter and the light detector, and a second wall spaced away from the light emitter and the light detector, the first wall and the second wall being parallel to each other, and
wherein the second wall further comprises a reflective surface facing the light emitter and the light detector.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first optical axis and the second optical axis form an angle of about 35 to about 55�.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first optical axis and the second optical axis form an angle of about 45�.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the intersection of the first optical axis and the second optical axis is located in an area extending from a media boundary between the at least one flattened portion of the tube wall and the liquid and up to about 0.5 mm into the liquid.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the intersection of the first optical axis and the second optical axis is located on a media boundary between the at least one flattened portion of the tube wall and the liquid.
6. The device of claims 1, wherein the at least one flat surface of the casing is adjacent to the second wall and further comprises a reflective surface facing the light emitter and the light detector.
7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a light-transmissive glass pane disposed between the tube and the light emitter and the light detector.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the light emitter emits light with a wavelength of about 400 to 700 nm.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the light detector comprises a light conductor or a light diode.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein the light detector comprises a spectrometer connected with a light conductor.
11. The device of claim 1, further comprising an analysis unit connected to the light detector, the analysis unit calculating a wavelength-dependent signal change function from a wavelength-dependent measuring signal and a wavelength-dependent reference signal, forming a convolution integral from the signal change function for a defined wavelength range, and determining the presence of blood in the liquid on the basis of the value of the convolution integral.
12. An apparatus for blood treatment comprising a blood treatment unit, a blood circuit connected with the blood treatment unit, and a dialysis liquid circuit connected with the blood treatment unit, whereby the dialysis liquid circuit comprises a tube system and the device of claim 1.
13. A method for the detection of a substance in solution comprising:
using a flexible light transmissive tube having a tube wall and a casing having at least one flat surface,
fitting the flexible light transmissive tube in the casing such that at least one portion of the tube wall is pressed against the at least one flat surface and is thereby flattened,
receiving a liquid through the light transmissive tube,
emitting light through the tube along a first optical axis from a light emitter, wherein the first optical axis is substantially perpendicular to the at least one flattened portion of the tube wall,
receiving light through the tube along a second optical axis at a light detector, wherein the first optical axis and the second optical axis form an angle of less than about 90�,
measuring the received light as a wavelength-dependent measuring signal,
calculating a wavelength-dependent signal change function from the wavelength-dependent measuring signal and a wavelength-dependent reference signal,
determining the presence of the substance on the basis of the value of the convolution integral,
wherein the substance is chosen from the group consisting of blood, hemoglobin, marker substances, and air,
wherein the at least one flattened portion of the tube wall comprises a first wall adjacent to the light emitter and the light detector, and a second wall spaced away from the light emitter and the light detector, the first wall and the second wall being parallel to each other, and wherein the second wall further comprises a reflective surface facing the light emitter and the light detector.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the substance is blood.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the substance is hemoglobin.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the substance is marker substances.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the substance is air and the solution is an optically dense solution.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein the steps of calculating a wavelength-dependent signal change function, forming a convolution integral, and determining the presence of the substance are performed by an analysis unit. Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a 371 national phase application of PCT/EP2007/000433 filed Jun. 26, 2007, claiming priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2006 029 899.3 filed Jun. 29, 2006.
FIELD OF INVENTION The invention concerns a detector and the detection of blood and biological marker substances in optically dense and clear liquids or in secondary liquids used in blood purification machines.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION To ensure patient safety, a blood detector must be used when using a membrane filter for blood purification to prevent critical patient conditions caused by risks such as possible blood loss, membrane rupture of the filter, mistaking of connections or hemolysis.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One aspect of the present invention is to provide a detector for detection of blood in a secondary circuit flowing over the filter and containing an optically dense suspended solution. It should also be possible, where appropriate, to detect blood, especially in an optically clear solution.
The present invention provides a detector for measuring stray light in liquids, comprising a casing, a light-transmissive, flexible tube for transporting liquids conducted through the casing, a light emitter, and a light detector. Two essentially flat surfaces are formed by the casing, between which surfaces the tube is arranged such that two juxtaposed tube walls are formed to be essentially flat. The light emitter with its optical axis is arranged to be perpendicular to the flat surfaces beside the first tube wall and adjacent to said first tube wall, whereby the optical axes of the light emitter and light detector form an angle that is smaller than 90�.
The detector according to the present invention can also be used in optically dense liquids. According to the present invention, an optically dense liquid is defined as a light-impermeable liquid. An optically clear liquid is defined as a liquid with high transmission of visible light. Light-transmissive is defined where at least a part of the radiated light can permeate the entire tube diameter and the liquid contained in the tube, when the light is radiated from one side of the tube. In light-impermeable liquids, virtually no light passes through the tube diameter and the liquid contained in the tube, i.e. transmission does not occur. According to the present invention, the term �liquid� refers in particular to solutions and suspensions.
The light detector is preferably located with its optical axis at an angle of 45� to the optical axis of the light emitter. The light detector absorbs the reflected or diffused light and analyzes the signal. The light detector preferably comprises a light conductor that absorbs the light and a spectrometer connected with the light conductor. The light is, for example, conducted over a light-wave conductor into a micro-spectrometer, in which the wavelength spectrum is absorbed.
Δ ⁢ ⁢ S ⁡ ( λ ) = Δ ⁢ ⁢ S = log ⁡ ( I ⁡ ( λ ) referencevalue I ⁡ ( λ ) measuredvalue ) ⁢ ⁢ λ = wavelength , I = intensity ( 1 ) The analysis unit then generates a convolution integral, beginning with a wavelength λ0 of the signal change function ΔS(λ) over a defined wavelength range, e.g. from λ0 to λ1. The convolution function according to (2) is e.g.:
ψ ⁡ ( x ) = ( a b ⁢ ( π ) c ) � ( d - ( x j ) f ) � ⅇ - ( x j ) g h ( 2 ) where x=λ−λ0 and a, b, c, d, f, g, h and j are selected constants.
Δ ⁢ ⁢ S ⁡ ( λ ) = log ⁡ ( I ⁡ ( λ ) LED ⁢ ⁢ white & ⁢ green I ⁡ ( λ ) LED ⁢ ⁢ white ) ( 3 ) For the signal value I(λ)LED white, a saved reference value can advantageously also be used.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the detector according to the present invention in cross-section, whereby a measurement in optically dense solution is shown.
FIG. 9 shows the change of the measuring signal in optically dense solution (�reference signal�) by induction of hemoglobin (�measuring signal with hemoglobin�).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the detector 8 according to the invention in a view diagonal to the flow direction of the liquid 10. A casing 12 is formed by a main casing part 14 and a casing lid 16, which serves for simple insertion of a tube 18 into the casing 12 and as a measuring background. When tube 18 is inserted, the casing lid 16 is fastened with tightly sealing effect on the main casing part 14.
The light detector 28 is adjacent to the first channel surface 32, whereby a light channel extending from channel 20 through the main casing part 14 is formed here by a second shutter 36 together with the second recess 26. This light detector 28 is positioned adjacent to the light emitter 24, whereby the optical axes extending through the two shutters 30 and 36 and through the first and second recesses 22 and 26 advantageously form an angle of approximately 45�. In FIG. 1, the optical axes that also represent the light beams, are shown as arrows extending from light emitter 26 and light detector 28, which intersect at the media boundary between the first tube wall 38 and the liquid 10 or a few tenths of a millimeter behind the media boundary within the liquid 10.
FIG. 3 b shows a further embodiment with two light emitters of different irradiation wavelengths (e.g. green). In addition to the first light emitter 24, there is a second light emitter 48, which is mounted in a third recess 50 in the main casing part 14. The recess 50 opens from the outside of the main casing part 14 and extends over a further narrowed third shutter 52 for the ray beam of the light emitter 48 through the main casing part 14 and also ends in channel 20. The light beam and the optical axis of the second light emitter 48, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3 a, advantageously form an angle of 45� with the axis of the first light emitter 24, whereby other angles are also possible and merely depend on the volume geometry of the light emitters or detectors used. The two axes intersect at the media boundary between the first tube wall 38 and the liquid 10 or a few tenths of a millimeter behind the media boundary within the liquid 10.
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