Source: http://lawsdocbox.com/Legal_Issues/74632803-Policing-and-crime-bill-delegated-powers-memorandum-memorandum-by-the-home-office.html
Timestamp: 2018-10-20 17:44:04
Document Index: 634570639

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 5', 'art 6', 'art 7', 'art 8', 'art 9', 'ART 1', 'art 1', 'art 6', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 6', 'art 2', 'art 6', 'art 1', 'ART 2', 'art 1']

POLICING AND CRIME BILL DELEGATED POWERS MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM BY THE HOME OFFICE - PDF
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1 Introduction POLICING AND CRIME BILL DELEGATED POWERS MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM BY THE HOME OFFICE 1. This Memorandum has been prepared for the Delegated Powers and Regulatory Reform Committee to assist with its scrutiny of the Policing and Crime Bill. The Bill was introduced in the House of Lords on 14 June The memorandum identifies the provisions of the Bill which confer powers to make delegated legislation. It explains in each case why the power has been taken and the nature of, and reason for, the procedure selected. The memorandum has been prepared by the Home Office and HM Treasury. 2. The Bill gives effect to the Conservative Party s manifesto commitment to finish the job of police reform. The Bill is in nine Parts: Part 1 places a duty on police, fire and ambulance services to collaborate, enables Police and Crime Commissioners ( PCCs ) to take on responsibility for fire and rescue services where a local case is made, and abolishes the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and transfers its functions to the London Fire Commissioner. It also provides for inspection of fire and rescue services. Part 2 reforms the police disciplinary and complaints systems, provides for a new system of super-complaints and confers new protections on police whistle-blowers. This Part also further strengthens the independence of HM Inspectorate of Constabulary and ensures that it is able to deliver end-to-end inspections of the police. Part 3 better enables chief officers to make the most efficient and effective use of their workforce by giving them the flexibility to confer a wider range of powers on police staff and volunteers and conferring a power on the Home Secretary to specify police ranks in regulations. This Part also strengthens the accountability and transparency of the Police Federation for England and Wales. Part 4 contains a number of reforms to police powers, including to: pre-charge bail to put a stop to people remaining on bail for lengthy periods with no independent judicial scrutiny of its continued necessity; provide for the retention of biometric material where a person has committed an offence outside of England and Wales; the powers under sections 135 and 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 to stop vulnerable people experiencing a mental health crisis being detained in police custody; to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 to ensure that 17 years olds who are detained in police custody are treated as children for all purposes; to extend the geographical reach of police enforcement powers so that they can effectively detect and investigate any offence on ships at sea; and to provide for cross-border powers of arrest. 1
2 Part 5 makes further provision in respect of the term of office of Deputy PCCs and confers a power on the Home Secretary to change the name of a police area by regulations. Part 6 amends the Firearms Acts, including to better protect the public by closing loopholes that can be exploited by criminals and terrorists and by ensuring that, through statutory guidance, robust background checks are made on the suitability of persons to hold a firearms licence or shotgun certificate. Part 7 amends the Licensing Act 2003 to make the licensing system more effective in preventing crime and disorder. Part 8 strengthens the enforcement regime for EU, UN and other financial sanctions by increasing the maximum custodial sentence on conviction for a breach offence, introducing new enforcement powers including monetary penalties, and by providing for the immediate implementation of UN-mandated sanctions. Part 9 includes miscellaneous and general provisions, including an amendment to the Sexual Offences Act 2003 to better protect children and young people from sexual exploitation. This Part also contains provision to: require arrested persons to state their nationality; for suspected foreign nationals to produce their nationality document(s) following arrest; for defendants in criminal proceedings to provide their name, date of birth and nationality to the court; to give police and immigration officers further powers to seize cancelled foreign travel documents; to provide lifelong anonymity for victims of forced marriage and to provide for statutory guidance in respect of the licensing of taxis and private hire vehicles. PART 1: EMERGENCY SERVICES COLLABORATION Schedule 1, paragraph 5 new section 4A(1) of the Fire and Rescue Act 2004: Power to provide for PCC to be fire and rescue authority Order made by statutory instrument Parliamentary procedure: Negative procedure 3. As set out within the Government s response to its consultation on emergency services collaboration, Enabling closer working between the emergency services: consultation responses and next steps published on 26 January 2016, the Government intends to enable PCCs to take on responsibility for fire and rescue services where it would be in the interests of economy, efficiency and effectiveness or public safety and where a local case is made. This builds on the Government s manifesto commitment to enable fire and police services to work more closely together and develop the role of our elected and accountable Police 2
3 and Crime Commissioners. Chapter 2 of Part 1 to the Bill gives effect to these proposals. 4. The Government does not intend to mandate the transfer of fire and rescue services to PCCs and the policy intention is that arrangements for PCCs seeking responsibility for their local fire and rescue authority should be locally determined. Given this approach, it is necessary to confer on the delegated powers to give effect to changes in the governance arrangements in a particular area. Accordingly, new section 4A(1) of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 ( the 2004 Act ) provides a power, by order, to create a new corporation sole as the fire and rescue authority for the area covered by the order and for the PCC for that area to be that fire and rescue authority. Before making an order under new section 4A(1), the Bill requires the Home Secretary to be satisfied that such an order would be in the interests of economy, efficiency and effectiveness, or in the interests of public safety (new section 4A(5)). Given this requirement for a PCC s proposals to meet one or other (or both) of these tests, this again necessitates leaving the implementation of changes to the governance of particular fire and rescue services to secondary legislation so that a judgement as to the efficacy of the proposals can be taken on a case-by-case basis. This is consistent with the Government s broader position in relation to the local devolution of powers as provided for in the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act New Schedule A1 to the 2004 Act (as inserted by paragraph 12 of Schedule 1 to the Bill) sets out the procedure for orders under new section 4A. Such an order may only be made if a PCC brings forward a proposal on which they have consulted locally (new section 4A(4) and paragraph 3 of new Schedule A1). Where an upper-tier local authority does not support the proposal put forward by the PCC, paragraph 4 of new Schedule A1 requires the Home Secretary to obtain an independent assessment of the proposal. 6. New sections 4B and 4D and 4G of the 2004 Act set out the further provisions that may be made by an order made under new section 4A. 7. The Government s policy is that where a PCC takes on responsibility for the governance of fire and rescue services, the area served by the new style fire and rescue authority must be coterminous with the police force area. In cases where police and fire and rescue boundaries are not coterminous, new section 4B(1) enables an order under new section 4A to amend the boundaries of the relevant fire and rescue authorities It is expected that a PCC s proposal would set out any proposed boundary changes, and the will have regard to these when considering whether it would be in the interests of economy, efficiency and effectiveness or public safety for the order to be made. The power cannot be used to alter police force areas; the procedure in section 32 of the Police Act 1996 ( the 1996 Act ) will continue to apply. 8. By virtue of new section 4D, an order under new section 4A may also make various supplementary provision, including about the delegation of functions of the new authority to a deputy PCC, the sub-delegation of functions by that deputy PCC and the delegation of functions to employees of the fire and rescue 3
4 authority. The Government considers that it is preferable to make bespoke provision in an order made under new section 4A rather that generic provision, of restricted application, on the face of the 2004 Act. 9. New section 4G of the 2004 Act particularises the transitional provision that can be made by an order under new section 4A of the 2004 Act by virtue of the existing powers in section 60(2) of the 2004 Act. This is intended to confirm that an order under section 4A can, if local arrangements should require, include provision for a PCC specified in that order to act as a shadow FRA to exercise preparatory functions in a period prior to assuming full responsibility for fire and rescue functions. Such functions may relate for example to governance matters or financial matters where the PCC may have a role in setting the fire precept that they would inherit. The powers also enable provision to be made, after the order is fully in force, for the equalisation of council tax precepts over a specified period where fire and rescue authority areas are altered by a section 4A order. This will enable council tax referendum principles to be adhered to and would avoid sudden rises in council tax bills in some areas of the new authority. 10. By virtue of section 60(5) of the 2004 Act, orders made under new section 4A(1) are subject to the negative procedure. The Government considers that the negative procedure affords an adequate level of parliamentary scrutiny. The Bill itself sets out the core element of the new governance model namely, that the PCC for a police force area becomes the fire and rescue authority for the same area. In enacting this legislation, Parliament would have approved the new governance model and the framework for PCCs to take on the functions of fire and rescue authorities, subject to local consultation and other procedures (including an independent assessment of the proposal where it is not agreed by the relevant council(s)) provided for in new Schedule A1 to the 2004 Act in any particular case. The application of the negative procedure for such orders is consistent with the existing provisions in section 2 of the 2004 Act where orders creating new combined fire and rescue are similarly subject to the negative procedure. Schedule 1, paragraph 5 new section 4C(2) of the Fire and Rescue Act 2004: Power to make schemes for the transfer of staff, property, rights and liabilities of existing fire and rescue authority to newly created fire and rescue authority Schedule 1, paragraph 5 new section 4I(1) of the Fire and Rescue Act 2004: Power to make schemes for the transfer of staff, property, rights and liabilities from a fire and rescue authority to chief constable Clause 8 new section 107EC(1) of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009: Power to make schemes for the transfer of staff, property, rights and liabilities from a fire and rescue authority to chief constable Statutory scheme 4
5 Parliamentary procedure: None 11. New section 4C(2) of the 2004 Act confers a power on the to make one or more schemes for the transfer of property, rights and liabilities from an existing fire and rescue authority to a new PCC-type fire and rescue authority created by order under section 4A. 12. New section 4I(1) of the 2004 Act confers a power on the to make one or more schemes for the transfer of property, rights and liabilities from a fire and rescue authority to the chief constable if an order is made under section 4H creating the single employer model (see below). 13. New section 107EC(1) of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 ( the 2009 Act ) enables an order under new section 107EA(2) (see below) which establishes the single employer model in a mayoral combined authority area to make provision for the making of a scheme for the transfer of property, rights and liabilities from a fire and rescue authority or the combined authority to the chief constable. 14. Such transfer schemes essentially make provision consequential on an order made under new section 4A or 4H or new section 107EA and 107EC of the 2009 Act, as the case may be. The Government considers it appropriate that the details of transfers of staff, property, rights and liabilities, which may be very technical and complex, should be set out in a transfer scheme. There are a number of precedents for such matters to be left to delegated legislation, including in sections 300 to 302 of the Health and Social Care Act 2012 ( the 2012 Act ) and Schedule 8 to the Crime and Courts Act 2013 ( the 2013 Act ). 15. A transfer scheme made under these provisions is not subject to any parliamentary procedure (as is the case with schemes made under the 2012 Act and 2013 Act). The Government considered this appropriate given that such a scheme is directly consequential upon the provisions made in an order under new section 4A or 4H of the 2004 Act or new section 107EA and 107EC of the 2009 Act. Given the local nature of any scheme, the Government also considers that it is not necessary in this instance to provide for such schemes to be laid before parliament, their content will nonetheless be given appropriate publicity in the relevant area. Schedule 1, paragraph 5 new section 4H(1) of the Fire and Rescue Act 2004: Power to make provision about delegation of functions of fire and rescue authority to chief constable and further delegation by chief constable Order made by statutory instrument Parliamentary procedure: Negative procedure Clause 8 new section 107EA(2) of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009: Power to make provision about 5
6 delegation of fire and rescue functions of a combined authority mayor to chief constable and further delegation by chief constable Order made by statutory instrument Parliamentary procedure: Affirmative procedure 16. The Government s response to its consultation on emergency services collaboration, Enabling closer working between the emergency services: consultation responses and next steps set out the Government s intention that where a PCC takes on responsibility for their local fire and rescue service, they may additionally create a single employer for police and fire staff, facilitating the sharing of back office functions and streamlining management (the single employer model). New section 4H of the 2004 Act provides for the single employer model where a PCC has assumed responsibility for the governance of a fire and rescue authority and new section 107EA of the 2009 Act, as amended by the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016, provides for the single employer model where a mayor for the area of a combined authority (a combined authority mayor) has assumed (by exercise by the of powers under sections 105, 105A, 107D and 107F of the 2009 Act ), the functions of a fire and rescue authority and of a PCC. New sections 4H and 107EA confer a power on the to provide for the delegation of the fire and rescue functions of a PCC-type fire and rescue authority or of a combined authority mayor, as the case may be, to the chief constable of a police force for the police area which corresponds to the authority s area and for the chief constable to further delegate those functions to their officers, police civilian staff and fire and rescue staff. Orders under new section 4H of the 2004 Act are also subject to the procedure in new Schedule A1 to the 2004 Act (subject to appropriate modifications as set out in paragraph 7 of that Schedule). Orders under new section 107EA of the 2009 Act are subject to an analogous procedure as set out in new section 107EB of the 2009 Act, although there are important differences between the two sets of procedures to reflect the arrangements for combined authority mayors. As with orders made under new section 4A of the 2004 Act, the Government considers that this is an appropriate matter to be provided for in secondary legislation given the need to make bespoke provision for a given area based on proposals initiated locally by the PCC (or by a combined authority mayor) and which draws on the structure and governance arrangements for police forces and fire and rescue services which sits across two principal enactments (that is the 2004 Act and the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 ( the 2011 Act )). 17. An order under new section 4H of the 2004 Act can be combined with an order under section 4A or may be made subsequent to it. In either case, the PCC s proposal must set out why he or she considers it to be in the interests of economy, efficiency and effectiveness or public safety for the order to be made. In accordance with new Schedule A1, the PCC must also have consulted locally on their proposal. 6
7 18. In the case of an order under new section 107EA of the 2009 Act, the mayor must similarly set out why he or she considers it to be in the interests of economy, efficiency and effectiveness or public safety for the order to be made. There is no comparable duty on a mayor, as there is on a PCC, to consult relevant local authorities or the public, but in submitting a request to the to make a section 107EA order, he or she must provide a summary of the responses to any public consultation that has been carried out and of the representations (if any) which the mayor has received from the constituent members of the combined authority. 19. By virtue of section 60(5) of the 2004 Act, orders made under new section 4F(1) are subject to the negative procedure. The Government considers that the negative procedure affords an adequate level of parliamentary scrutiny. The Bill itself provides for the single employer model by establishing the principle that functions of a PCC-style fire and rescue authority may be delegated to the chief constable of the police area that corresponds to the area of the fire and rescue authority. In enacting this legislation, Parliament would have approved the single employer model and the framework for chief constables to take on certain functions of fire and rescue authorities, subject to mandatory local consultation and other procedures (including an independent assessment of the proposal where it is not agreed by the relevant council(s)) provided for in new Schedule A1 of the 2004 Act in any particular case. In these circumstances, the negative procedure affords an appropriate level of scrutiny for any order giving effect to the single employer model in any given area. The application of the negative procedure for such orders is consistent with the existing provisions in section 2 of the 2004 Act where orders creating new combined fire and rescue authorities and setting out arrangements for the exercise of their functions are similarly subject to the negative procedure. 20. By virtue of section 117(2) of the 2009 Act, orders under new section 107EA are subject to the affirmative procedure. This higher level of scrutiny reflects differences between the PCC and mayoral models, particularly the procedure for making section 107EA orders as compared with that applicable for orders made under section 4H of the 2004 Act, for example the absence of a statutory duty to consult. It also reflects the contrast between the detail in the Bill for arrangements for the new PCC-style FRA model see in particular new Schedule A2 to the 2004 Act (inserted by section 4L(1)) and new section 4D - and that in the 2009 Act for arrangements where a combined authority is conferred functions, including where a combined authority mayor exercises PCC and or fire functions. The application of the affirmative procedure for such orders is therefore consistent with the existing provisions in Part 6 of the 2009 Act where orders creating new combined authorities and conferring powers on a mayor are similarly subject to the affirmative procedure. Schedule 1, paragraph 5 - new section 4K(1) of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004: Power to make provision amending Part 2 of the Police Reform Act 2002, in respect of police officers and police staff where fire and rescue functions are delegated to chief constable for police area 7
8 Parliamentary procedure: Order made by statutory instrument Affirmative procedure Schedule 1, paragraph 5 - new section 4K(2) of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004: Power to make provisions in regard to the handling of complaints and conduct matters etc in relation to fire staff where fire and rescue functions are delegated to chief constable for police area Parliamentary procedure: Order made by statutory instrument Negative procedure Schedule 1, paragraph 5 - new section 4K(4) of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004: Power to amend Part 2 of the Police Reform Act 2002 consequential on any provision made under section 4I(2) Parliamentary procedure: Order made by statutory instrument Affirmative procedure Clause 8 - new section 107EE(1) of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009: Power to make provision amending Part 2 of the Police Reform Act 2002, in respect of police officers and police staff where fire and rescue functions are delegated to chief constable for police area Parliamentary procedure: Order made by statutory instrument Affirmative procedure Clause 8 - new section 107EE(2) of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009: Power to make provisions in regard to the handling of complaints and conduct matters etc in relation to fire staff where fire and rescue functions are delegated to chief constable for police area Parliamentary procedure: Order made by statutory instrument Affirmative procedure 8
9 Clause 8 - new section 107EE(4) of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009: Power to amend Part 2 of the Police Reform Act 2002 consequential on any provision made under section 107EE(2) Parliamentary procedure: Order made by statutory instrument Affirmative procedure 21. As described above, new section 4H of the 2004 Act (and new section 107EA of the 2009 Act) provides for the single employer model under which a PCC (or combined authority mayor) may delegate functions of a PCC-type fire and rescue authority to the chief constable of a police force for the police area which corresponds to the authority s area and for the chief constable to further delegate those functions to their officers and both police and fire and rescue staff. Where such an order has been made and the PCC (or mayor) is operating under the single employer model, it is intended that the complaints procedures for the police should, so far as possible, also apply to fire and rescue staff in the same way as they apply to police staff. 22. New section 4K(1) confers a power on the Home Secretary to amend Part 2 of the Police Reform Act 2002 ( the 2002 Act ) as a consequence of an order being made under section 4F of the 2004 Act that would enable the delegation of any fire and rescue authority related functions to police officers and police staff. Such consequential amendments might include, for example, expanding the definition of serious injury in section 29(1) of the 2002 Act to reflect the differing nature of a serious injury when police officers and staff undertake a fire and rescue authority-related function. 23. New section 4K(2) enables the Home Secretary by order to make provision for the handling of complaints about fire and rescue service authority staff so that the approach broadly mirrors, with any necessary modifications, that of the complaints procedure for police officers and police staff under Part 2 of the 2002 Act. This applies to staff transferred to a chief constable under a scheme made under new section 4I(1) or members of staff appointed by a chief constable under new section 4I(4). 24. New section 4K(4) enables the Home Secretary to make any necessary amendments to Part 2 of the 2002 Act as a consequence of an order made under new section 4K(2). Such amendments might include an extension to the Independent Police Complaints Commission s ( IPCC ) functions under section 10 of the 2002 Act and an expansion of the list of persons to whom the IPCC must send its annual report (section 11(6) of that Act). 25. Before exercising these powers, the Home Secretary must consult the Police Advisory Board, the IPCC, persons considered by the Home Secretary to represent the views of PCCs and fire and rescue authorities, and other persons considered appropriate (see new section 4K(5)). 9
10 26. New section 107EE(1), (2) and (4) of the 2009 Act contain equivalent ordermaking powers where the single employer model operates in an area with a combined authority mayor exercising fire and rescue functions and the functions of a PCC. 27. Taken together, these powers will enable the framework for the investigation of complaints etc against police officers in Part 2 of the 2002 Act to be applied with the necessary modifications to fire and rescue authority staff operating under the direction and control of a chief constable under the single employer model. The new sections to be inserted into the 2004 and 2009 Acts establish the principle that, in such cases, the framework in Part 2 of the 2002 Act is to apply, accordingly the Government is satisfied that the necessary amendments to that Part and its application to fire and rescue authority staff is an appropriate matter to be left to secondary legislation. 28. By virtue of section 60(4) of the 2004 Act, the powers in new section 4K(1) and (4) of that Act are subject to the affirmative procedure as befitting Henry VIII powers of this kind. The prospective amendments to Part 2 of the 2002 Act, for example extending the functions of the IPCC, are significant and it is therefore appropriate that both Houses should be afforded the opportunity to debate and approve such changes. 29. By virtue of section 60(5) of the 2004 Act, the power in new section 4I(2) of that Act is subject to the negative procedure. Given that such an order must make corresponding or similar provision to that set out in Part 2 of the 2002 Act, rather than establish a wholly different complaints framework for fire and rescue staff, the Government considers that the negative procedure affords an appropriate level of parliamentary scrutiny. This order-making power is analogous to those in section 26C of the 2002 Act (which relates to National Crime Agency officers), section 28 of the Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 (which relates to officers of HM Revenue and Customs) and section 41 of the Police and Justice Act 2006 (which relates to immigration officers). These powers are similarly exercisable subject to the negative resolution procedure. 30. By virtue of section 117(2) of the 2009 Act, orders under new section 107EE(1), (2) and (4) are all subject to the affirmative procedure. This higher level of scrutiny in the case of a section 107EE(2) order reflects differences in the procedure for making section 107EA orders as compared with that applicable to orders under section 4H of the 2004 Act, in particular the absence of a statutory duty to consult. The application of the affirmative procedure for such orders is also consistent with the existing provisions in Part 6 of the 2009 Act where orders creating new combined authorities are similarly subject to the affirmative procedure. Schedule 1, paragraph 5 new section 4L(2) of the Fire and Rescue Act 2004: Power to apply local policing provisions to Fire and Rescue Authority created under new section 4A 10
11 Order made by statutory instrument Parliamentary procedure: Affirmative procedure where amending or repealing primary legislation, otherwise negative procedure Clause 8 - new section 107EF(1) and (4) of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009: Power to apply local policing provisions to Fire and Rescue Authority created under new section 107EA Order made by statutory instrument Parliamentary procedure: Affirmative procedure 31. New section 4L(1) of, and new Schedule A2 to, the 2004 Act apply legislation relating to PCCs to a PCC-style FRA. While new Schedule A2 applies, with necessary modifications, the key provisions in the 1996 Act and 2011 Act, it is likely to be necessary to apply, with modifications, other relevant legislation. Accordingly, new section 4L(2) of the 2004 Act confers power on the Secretary of State to apply (with or without modifications) or to make provisions corresponding or similar to any provisions of a local policing enactment in relation to a new PCC-style FRA. This includes a power to apply or make provision corresponding or similar to any provisions made by an order or regulations (subsection (3)) and to make consequential amendments, revocations or repeals to any enactment (subsection (4)). These powers are required to enable the to apply provisions (in addition to those covered in new Schedule A2) that currently apply to a PCC in relation to their policing functions to a PCC acting as a fire and rescue authority. The provisions to be made by such an order are essentially consequential upon the new governance and single employer models provided for on the face of the Bill and are therefore considered to be matters which may be appropriately left to secondary legislation. 32. New section 107EF(1) and (4) confer equivalent order-making powers in the context of the operation of the single employer model by the mayor of a combined authority. 33. By virtue of section 60(4) and (5) of the 2004 Act, the powers in new section 4K(2) and (4) of that Act is subject to the affirmative procedure where regulations amend or repeal primary legislation (as befitting Henry VIII powers of this kind), but in any other case are subject to the negative procedure. Given the provision made in the Bill for the key modifications and amendments (see new Schedule A2 to the 2004 Act and paragraphs 77 and 81 of Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the Bill), the consequential nature of the provisions that may be made by an order under new section 4K and the fact that such an order would be applying, with any necessary modifications, provision already set out in primary legislation (principally the 2011 Act), the Government considers that the negative procedure affords an adequate level of parliamentary scrutiny where no textual amendments to primary legislation are being made. 11
12 34. By virtue of section 117(2) of the 2009 Act, orders under new section 107EF(1), and (4) of that Act are all subject to the affirmative procedure. This higher level of scrutiny in the case of a section 107EF order reflects differences in the procedure for making section 107EA orders as compared with that applicable to orders under section 4H of the 2004 Act, in particular the absence of a statutory duty to consult and the existing different legislative model for combined authority mayors. The application of the affirmative procedure for such orders is also consistent with the existing provisions in Part 6 of the 2009 Act where orders creating new combined authorities are similarly subject to the affirmative procedure. Clause 10(1): Power to make schemes for the transfer of staff, property, rights and liabilities from the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority to the London Fire Commissioner Statutory scheme Parliamentary procedure: None 35. Clause 10 confers a power on the to make one or more schemes for the transfer of property, rights and liabilities of London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority ( LFEPA ) to the London Fire Commissioner. 36. Such transfer schemes essentially make provision consequential on the provisions in clause 10 of, and Schedule 2 to, the Bill which abolish the LFEPA and establish the London Fire Commissioner in its place. The Government considers it appropriate that the details of transfers of staff, property, rights and liabilities, which may be very technical and complex, should be set out in a transfer scheme. There are a number of precedents for such matters to be left to delegated legislation, including in sections 300 to 302 of the Health and Social Care Act 2012 and Schedule 8 to the Crime and Courts Act A transfer scheme made under these provisions is not subject to any parliamentary procedure. The Government considered this appropriate given that such a scheme is directly consequential upon the provisions made on the face of the Bill. Given that the impact of any scheme is confined to London, the Government also considers that it is not necessary in this instance to provide for such schemes to be laid before parliament, their content will nonetheless be given appropriate publicity in London. Clause 11(2) new section 28(A7)(e) of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004: Power to specify additional functions of a PCC-style fire and rescue authority which are not subject to inspection Order made by statutory instrument 12
13 Parliamentary procedure: Negative procedure 38. The 2004 Act provides powers to inspect FRAs. In particular, section 28 provides for the appointment of inspectors, assistant inspectors and other officers and confers powers on them to obtain information about the manner of discharge of functions by FRAs. 39. Clause 11(2) inserts new subsections (A1) to (A9) into section 28 of the 2004 Act. These new subsections provide for a new method of appointment of inspectors ( English inspectors ), assistant inspectors and other officers for England. The subsections also introduce a requirement on the English inspectors to inspect and report on the efficiency and effectiveness of FRAs in England. New subsection (A6) provides that when carrying out an inspection under subsection (A3), an English inspector must not review or scrutinise decisions made, or other action taken, by an FRA created by an order under new section 4A of the 2004 Act (as inserted by Schedule 1 to the Bill) in connection with the discharge of an excluded function. (New section 4A provides for the creation of PCC-style FRAs.) New subsection (A7) sets out the relevant excluded functions, namely the functions of preparing a fire and rescue plan and a fire and rescue statement (within the meaning of new Schedule A2), the functions that an authority has in its capacity as a major precepting authority for the purposes of Part 1 of the Local Government Finance Act 1992, the function of appointing a chief finance officer under new section 4D(4), where functions of the authority have been delegated to a chief constable under an order under new section 4H, and the functions conferred on the authority by section 4J(4) and (5). In addition, paragraph (e) of new subsection (A7) further provides that the may specify additional functions or additional functions of a description specified as excluded functions for the purposes of subsection (A6). 40. Subsection (6) of clause 11 further amends the modifications of section 28 of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 (see paragraph 8(2) of new Schedule A2 to the 2004 Act, as inserted by Schedule 1 to the Bill) to provide that the references in subsection (6) of that section are to the functions of the relevant FRA that are excluded functions for the purposes of section 28(A6) of this Act. The effect of this provision is that responsibility for scrutinising the excluded functions of a PCC-style FRA will rest with the Police and Crime Panel. 41. As indicated in paragraph 4 above, the Government does not intend to mandate the transfer of fire and rescue services to PCCs and the policy intention is that arrangements for PCCs seeking responsibility for their local FRA should be locally determined. There is a requirement that before an order under new section 4A is made establishing a PCC as the FRA for an area, that the Home Secretary is satisfied that making the order would be in the interests of economy, efficiency and effectiveness, or in the interests of public safety (new section 4A(5)). This requirement for a PCC s proposals to meet one or other (or both) tests necessitates leaving the implementation of changes to the governance of particular fire and rescue services to secondary legislation as stated in paragraph 4 above. The policy intention is that the excluded functions of a fire and rescue authority created by an order under new section 4A are those strategic functions which a PCC has not delegated in exercise of the power in new section 4D(10), 13
14 or where functions have been delegated to a chief constable under new section 4H, those functions which the PCC has not delegated in exercise of the power in new section 4H(1). However, where the PCC has not delegated functions connected with the operation of the fire and rescue service, those functions are to be subject to inspection and so are not to be excluded functions. This policy intention necessitates enabling additional functions to be specified in secondary legislation, consequential on a section 4A or 4H order, to reflect local arrangements for the delegation of functions. The intention is also to exclude functions of the PCC which are not currently set out in primary legislation, but will be provided for within the section 4A order establishing the PCC as an FRA. For example, where the PCC has not delegated the function of approving a contract for services or equipment over a specified limit, the specified limit or the nature of the retained function may vary according to local arrangements. 42. By virtue of section 60(5) of the 2004 Act, orders made under new section 28(A7)(e) will be subject to the negative procedure. The principle that certain functions of a PCC-style FRA are not to be subject to inspection will have been established in primary legislation. Moreover, the key statutory strategy functions of a PCC-style FRA which are to constitute excluded functions are similarly to be set out in primary legislation. Given these factors, the Government considers that the negative procedure provides an appropriate level of parliamentary scrutiny in respect of regulations specifying any additional excluded functions. As described above, there is also a close connection between orders made under new section 28(A7)(e) and those made under new section 4A which are also to be subject to the negative procedure. PART 2: POLICE COMPLAINTS, DISCIPLINE AND INSPECTION Chapter 1: Police complaints Clause 12 - new section 13A(6) of the Police Reform Act 2002: Power to make provisions in connection with the giving and withdrawal of notices by the local policing body to the chief officer under section 13A(1) regarding the exercise of complaints-related functions. Parliamentary procedure: Negative resolution 43. Clause 12 inserts new section 13A into the 2002 Act which enables local policing bodies (that is, PCCs, the Mayor s Office for Policing and Crime ( MOPAC ) and the Common Council of the City of London) to take on certain functions in relation to complaints against the police. New section 13A(1) of the 2002 Act provides for the mechanism by which a local policing body may assume certain such functions. That mechanism takes the form of the local policing body giving notice to the chief officer that it (rather than the chief officer) is to take on responsibility for the exercise of certain functions in relation to the complaints system. 14
15 44. New section 13A(6) enables the Home Secretary to make regulations about the giving and withdrawing of these notices. 45. The regulations will specify the process for the giving and withdrawing of the notices. It is envisaged that the regulations will set out who must be consulted before a notice can be given, for example, the chief officer. The regulations may also specify the minimum notice period before the withdrawal of a notice takes effect and any minimum intervals between the giving and withdrawal of a notice. These provisions will ensure that there is adequate time for a chief officer to put in place alternative arrangements to discharge the functions which are to revert to the force and to prevent the local policing body continually changing its position on those complaints related functions that it will exercise rather than the chief officer. 46. Given the procedural nature of the matters to be addressed in these regulations, the Government considers that they are properly a matter for secondary legislation. The regulation-making power also affords the flexibility to amend the procedures, for example the list of consultees or the specified minimum interval between the giving and withdrawal of a notice, in the light of experience with the operation of these new arrangements. 47. By virtue of section 105(2) of the 2002 Act, this power will be subject to the negative procedure. Given the procedural nature of the regulations and the duty to consult the Police Advisory Board for England and Wales (by virtue of section 63 of the 1996 Act) and take into account any representations it makes and others (see section 24 of the 2002 Act), the negative procedure is considered to provide an appropriate level of scrutiny. Clause 14(3) revised section 20(4)(d) of the Police Reform Act 2002: Power to specify additional matters in respect of which complainant must be kept properly informed Clause 14(7) revised section 21(9)(c) of the Police Reform Act 2002: Power to specify additional matters in respect of which an interested person must be kept properly informed Parliamentary procedure: Negative resolution 48. Clause 14(3) replaces the existing section 20(4) of the 2002 Act. The revised provision places a duty on the IPCC or the appropriate authority (namely the chief officer or local policing body) to keep a complainant properly informed, while the complaint is being handled and subsequently, of the matters listed in revised section 20(4). Those matters include the progress of the handling of the complaint and its outcome, any right to apply for a review of the outcome, and any other matters specified in regulations made by the. 15
16 49. Clause 14(7), which replaces the existing section 21(9) of the 2002 Act, makes similar provision in respect of interested persons (for example, the next of kin of a person who died following contact with the police) in relation to a complaint, conduct matter or death or serious injury ( DSI ) matter. 50. New section 20(4) replaces the provisions in the current system of complaints. Currently, the appropriate authority is required to contact the complainant at five specific stages (see existing section 20(4)) where there is an investigation into a complaint. There are also various notification duties on the appropriate authority when a complaint is not investigated (see Part 1 of Schedule 3 to the 2002 Act). New section 20(4) consolidates and simplifies these existing measures regarding when a complainant needs to be informed about his/her complaint. New section 21(9) similarly consolidates and simplifies existing provisions regarding when interested persons need to be informed about the progress of the handling of complaints, conduct matters and DSI matters and their outcome. Taken together, these provisions create a less prescriptive complaints system. 51. Whilst the core requirements regarding those matters about which a complainant must be kept informed will continue to be set out in primary legislation, these regulation-making powers afford the flexibility to add to this list of matters in the light of changing circumstances and the operation of the reformed complaints system. Before exercising these powers, the Home Secretary will be required to consult the bodies specified in section 24 of the 2002 Act and the Police Advisory Board for England and Wales (by virtue of section 63 of the 1996 Act) and take into consideration any representations made by that Board. 52. By virtue of section 105(2) of the 2002 Act, these powers will be subject to the negative procedure. Given the core elements of the duty to keep a complainant and interested persons informed will be set out in primary legislation and these powers can only be exercised so as to add to the matters about which the complainant and interested persons must be kept informed about, the negative procedure is considered to provide an appropriate level of scrutiny. Schedule 5, paragraph 6(3) new paragraph 6(2D) of Schedule 3 to the Police Reform Act 2002: Power to specify exceptions to the duty to investigate certain complaints Parliamentary procedure: Negative resolution 53. Paragraph 6(3) of Schedule 5 to the Bill, which inserts new sub-paragraphs (2A) to (2E) into paragraph 6 of Schedule 3 to the 2002 Act, places a new duty on appropriate authorities to take reasonable and proportionate action (see new paragraph 6(2A) of Schedule 3 to the 2002 Act) to resolve a complaint. This replaces the existing provisions which require the appropriate authority to 16
17 categorise a complaint as suitable for local resolution, local investigation or disapplication. 54. New paragraph 6(2C) of Schedule 3 to the 2002 Act specifies the circumstances in which the appropriate authority must, in order to comply with its duty to take reasonable and appropriate action to resolve a complaint, investigate the complaint on its own behalf. The circumstances specified by sub-paragraph (2C) are that there is an indication that: (i) a person serving with the police may have committed a criminal offence, or behaved in a manner that would justify the bringing of disciplinary proceedings; or (ii) there may have been the infringement of a person s Article 2 (right to life) or 3 (prohibition of torture) rights under the European Convention on Human Rights. 55. However, there will be cases where, despite the application of sub-paragraph (2C), an investigation will not be an appropriate response. For example, if an individual raises a complaint relating to a matter which is substantially the same as a separate complaint on the same matter which has already been investigated to an outcome. 56. Whilst the overarching duty on the appropriate authority to take reasonable and proportionate action to resolve a complaint will always remain, the regulationmaking power in new paragraph 6(2D) of Schedule 3 to the 2002 Act will allow the to specify the circumstances in which the appropriate authority does not have to conduct an investigation in order to comply with this overarching duty, even when the threshold to do so has been met. Leaving such matters to secondary legislation ensures that there is flexibility to vary the circumstances where the duty to investigate does not apply in the light of experience in operating the reformed complaints system. 57. By virtue of section 105(2) of the 2002 Act, this power is subject to the negative procedure. Given that the duty on the appropriate authority to take reasonable and proportionate action to resolve a complaint will remain, and the complainant has a right of review at the outcome of his/her complaint if he/she believes the outcome was not reasonable and proportionate, the negative procedure is considered to provide an appropriate level of scrutiny. Schedule 5, paragraphs 10(2), 13(2) and 14(2) paragraphs 5(1A), 14(1A) and 14D(1A) of Schedule 3 to the Police Reform Act 2002: Power to require the IPCC to determine that it is necessary for a complaint, recordable conduct matter or DSI matter concerning a chief officer or the Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis to be investigated Parliamentary procedure: Negative resolution 58. Under the existing system, the appropriate authority (the chief officer or local policing body) is required to refer certain complaints and recordable conduct 17
18 matters, and all death and serious injury (DSI) matters, to the IPCC. The IPCC must then determine whether or not it is necessary for the complaint or matter to be investigated and, if it decides that it is necessary, determine the form of investigation. However, there is no requirement for the appropriate authority to refer a complaint or recordable conduct matter which concerns a chief officer, or the Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, to the IPCC, simply because the complaint or matter concerns such a person. Furthermore, although the appropriate authority may voluntarily choose to refer such a complaint or matter to the IPCC, there is no requirement for the IPCC to always investigate it (although the IPCC could choose to conduct an independent investigation following such a referral). The same applies regarding DSI matters. 59. Where an appropriate authority does not refer a complaint or recordable conduct matter to the IPCC, it usually investigates itself, appointing a chief officer of a different police force as the investigator. New paragraphs 5(1A), 14(1A) and 14D(1A) of Schedule 3 to the 2002 Act will enable the to require the IPCC to investigate all, or descriptions of, complaints, recordable conduct matters and DSI matters concerning a chief officer or the Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis. Regulations may also provide that the investigation is not to take the form of an investigation by the appropriate authority on its own behalf. The intention is that regulations will, at least initially, limit this to complaints and recordable conduct matters where there is an allegation of misconduct or gross misconduct, with the aim being to increase transparency in the process for handling allegations relating to chief officers. It will prevent a situation where a chief officer investigates a complaint or matter which concerns the conduct of another chief officer. 60. Alongside this, the Government intends to amend the regulations made under paragraphs 4 and 13 of Schedule 3 to the 2002 Act to mandate the referral of all complaints and recordable conduct matters concerning allegations of misconduct or gross misconduct of chief officers to the IPCC. 61. By virtue of section 105(2) of the 2002 Act, these regulation-making powers are subject to the negative procedure. Any regulations made under the new paragraphs 5(1A), 14(1A), and 14D(1A) of Schedule 3 of the 2002 Act would be subject to consultation with the IPCC and the representative bodies for chief officers and PCCs (see section 24 of the 2002 Act) and the Police Advisory Board for England and Wales (by virtue of section 63(3) of the 1996 Act). Given these consultation requirements and the procedural nature of the regulations, the Government is satisfied that the negative procedure affords an adequate level of parliamentary scrutiny. Schedule 5, paragraph 15(9) new paragraph 15(10) of Schedule 3 to the Police Reform Act 2002: Power to specify exceptions to the duty to notify complainants and interested parties of the IPCC s determination on the form of investigation and the reasons for it. Schedule 5, paragraph 37(8) New paragraph 26(5B) of Schedule 3 to the 2002 Act: Power to specify exceptions to duty to notify various parties of the Mode of Investigation determination for a re-investigation following a review. 18
Bail report. Pre-charge bail an exploratory study
Bail report Pre-charge bail an exploratory study College of Policing Limited Leamington Road Ryton-on-Dunsmore Coventry CV8 3EN Publication date: September 2016 College of Policing Limited (2016) This
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND LICENSING (SCOTLAND) BILL INTRODUCTION POLICY MEMORANDUM 1. This document relates to the Criminal Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Bill introduced in the Scottish Parliament on 5 March