Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8023885?dq=5,072,412
Timestamp: 2014-07-11 10:21:30
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Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'art 15', 'art 15', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'application No. 200380101286', 'application No. 2003239577', 'art 16', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 11', 'art 16', 'application No. 200380105267', 'application No. 03734136', 'application No. 03759271', 'application No. 03759271', 'application No. 200380101286', 'Application No. 200380101286', 'application No, 03814391']

Patent US8023885 - Non-frequency translating repeater with downlink detection for uplink and ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA non-frequency translating repeater (110, 210, 300) for use in a time division duplex (TDD) radio protocol communications system includes detection retransmission and automatic gain control. Detection is performed by detectors (309, 310) and a processor (313). Detection can be overridden by processor...http://www.google.com/patents/US8023885?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8023885 - Non-frequency translating repeater with downlink detection for uplink and downlink synchronizationAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8023885 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/546,242Publication dateSep 20, 2011Filing dateOct 12, 2006Priority dateMay 13, 2004Also published asCN1993904A, CN1993904B, EP1745567A2, EP1745567A4, US7233771, US20050254442, US20070066220, WO2005115022A2, WO2005115022A3Publication number11546242, 546242, US 8023885 B2, US 8023885B2, US-B2-8023885, US8023885 B2, US8023885B2InventorsJames A. Proctor, Jr., Kenneth M. Gainey, Faisal A. ShadOriginal AssigneeQualcomm IncorporatedExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (118), Non-Patent Citations (54), Referenced by (3), Classifications (16), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetNon-frequency translating repeater with downlink detection for uplink and downlink synchronizationUS 8023885 B2Abstract A non-frequency translating repeater (110, 210, 300) for use in a time division duplex (TDD) radio protocol communications system includes detection retransmission and automatic gain control. Detection is performed by detectors (309, 310) and a processor (313). Detection can be overridden by processor (313) using logic elements (314). Antennae (220, 230) having various form factors can be used to couple a base station (222) to a subscriber terminal (232) which can be located in a sub-optimal location such as deep inside a building or the like.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/127,320 filed on May 12, 2005, allowed on Sep. 21, 2006. This application is also related to and claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/570,439 filed May 13, 2004, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/570,466 filed May 13, 2004, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/570,465 filed May 13, 2004 and is further related to PCT Application PCT/US03/28558 entitled WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK WITH REPEATER FOR ENHANCING NETWORK COVERAGE, and PCT Application PCT/US03/35050 entitled WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK REPEATER WITH DETECTION, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to wireless networks and, particularly, the present invention relates to dynamic frequency and time slot detection and media access control in a non-frequency translating repeater.
Several emerging protocols and/or specifications for wireless local area networks, commonly referred to as WLANs, or wireless metropolitan area networks known as WMANs, are becoming popular including protocols such as 802.11, 802.16d/e, and related protocols also known by names such as �WiFi� or �WiMAX�, time division synchronization code division multiple access (TDS-CDMA), Personal Handy-phone Systems (PHS), and the like. Many of these protocols, such as PHS for example, are gaining popularity as a low cost alternative in developing nations for providing network access in a WMAN, or cellular-like infrastructure.
In a TDD system, receive and transmit channels are separated by time rather than by frequency and further, some TDD systems such as PHS systems and 802.16 systems, use scheduled times for specific uplink/downlink transmissions. Other TDD protocols such as 802.11 do not use scheduled time slots structured. Receivers and transmitters for TDD systems may be isolated by any number of means including physical separation, antenna patterns, frequency translation, or polarization isolation. An example of isolation using frequency translation can be found in International Patent Application No. PCT/US03/28558 entitled �WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK WITH REPEATER FOR ENHANCING NETWORK COVERAGE�, based on U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/414,888. It should be noted however, that in order to ensure robust operation, a non-frequency translating repeater in order to operate effectively must be capable of rapidly detecting the presence of a signal and operating cooperatively with the media access control and overall protocol associated with the TDD system in which it is repeating in order to effectively repeat the transmission on a timeslot.
A PHS system, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, is a TDD system with designated control timeslots for the uplink and the downlink on a designated frequency channel having a bandwidth of 300 KHz and a plurality of traffic time slots each of which may be assigned to another frequency carrier within a 20 MHz bandwidth. For each connection established within a PHS system, the uplink and downlink operate on the same frequency carrier and �channel�, however the uplink and downlink occupy different time slots. Of further interest are TDD systems operating under the 802.16 standards and protocols which, as will be appreciated, use a known frequency channel for all time slots.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, in various exemplary and alternative exemplary embodiments, the present invention extends the coverage area in a wireless environment such as a WLAN environment, and, broadly speaking, in any time division duplex system including IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, PHS, and TDS-CDMA, with a dynamic frequency detection method and repeating method which can perform in systems using scheduled uplink and downlink timeslots or unscheduled random access, for example, as used in 802.11 based systems. Further, an exemplary repeater can operate in synchronized TDD systems such as 802.16 and PHS systems where the uplink and downlink repeating direction can be determined by a period of observation or by reception of broadcast system information. An exemplary WLAN non-frequency translating repeater allows two or more WLAN nodes typically having non scheduled transmissions, or synchronous and scheduled units such as a subscriber unit and a base station unit to communicate by synchronizing to a control slot interval or any regular downlink interval on, for example, a narrow band downlink control channel as in a PHS system, and repeat a wider bandwidth set of carrier frequencies to a wideband repeated downlink. In other systems such as in 802.16 systems, the control time slot detection bandwidth will be the same as the repeated bandwidth. On the uplink side, the repeater preferably monitors one or a number of slots for transmission on the subscriber side by performing wideband monitoring, and when an uplink transmission is detected, the received signal can be repeated on the uplink channel toward the base station equipment. In accordance with a various exemplary embodiments, the repeater will preferably provide a direct repeating solution where the received signal is transmitted on essentially the same time slot including any repeater delay.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now to FIG. 1, an exemplary non-frequency translating repeater 110 is shown. The repeater 110 can include a control terminal 111 connected to the repeater 110 through a communication link such as a link 112 which can be a RS-232 connection or the like for conducting serial communication for various purposes such as to configure the repeater 110, collect various metrics, or the like. It will be appreciated that in a production model of the repeater 110, such a connection will not likely be used since the configuration will be completed during manufacturing or the repeater 110 will be automatically configured under control of, for example, a microprocessor, controller, or the like. The repeater 110 system may also include an external antenna 120 for communicating with one side of a TDD repeater connection such as a base station 122 through a wireless interface 121. It will be appreciated that the base station 122 can refer to any infrastructure node capable of serving multiple subscribers, such as a PHS cell station (CS), or the like. The antenna 120 can be coupled to the repeater 110 through a connection 114 which can be accomplished using a direct coupled connection such as by using a coaxial cable and SMA connector or other direct connection as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
It will also be appreciated that in some embodiments the antennas 120 and 130 may be directional antennae and may also be integrated into a single package with repeater circuitry associated with the repeater 110 such that, for example, one side of the package can be directed in one direction such as toward a base station and the other side of the package or enclosure can be directed in another direction such as toward a subscriber or the like when mounted in a window or an external wall of a structure. Further, the antennae 120 and 130 may be directed or omni-directional in their radiation pattern. For a personal internet (PI) repeater, it is expected that one antenna will be mounted outside of a building, and the other antenna will be situated inside of the building. The PI repeater may also be situated inside of the building. It will also be appreciated that many different form factors can be used to accomplish the proper placement and configuration. For example, cross-polarized antennae can be used such as cross-polarized patch antennae, planar antennae, strip antennae or the like can be used as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. Further, two such antennae can be used, one for input and one for output or the like as will be appreciated. In a typical scenario, one of the antennae 120 and 130, in the present example the antenna 120, can be defined as the �donor� antenna, that is, the antenna coupled to the base station 122.
Further, in accordance with an exemplary PHS based embodiment, a typical base station 222 can support a number of channels, typically 4 channels including a control channel having a bandwidth of 300 KHz. The remaining traffic channels each may be assigned to another frequency carrier within a 20 MHz bandwidth and provide a duplex communication link between the base station 222 and a plurality of subscriber terminals 232. For each connection established within a PHS system, the uplink and downlink operate on the same frequency carrier and paired uplink/downlink time slot �channel�, however the uplink and downlink occupy different time slots as will be described in greater detail in connection with FIG. 7.
In accordance with some protocols, such as 802.16, the subscriber terminal 232 may periodically receive an OFDMA Power Control Information Element containing an 8-bit quantized signed value indicating a change in power level in 0.25 dB increments as will be appreciated. Because of the likelihood of power control associated with the subscriber terminal 232, the automatic gain control setting of the repeater 210 needs to be held to as constant a level as possible. Any gain provided to the �input� antenna of the repeater 210 needs to be passed through to the power amplifier in a consistent manner. In order to prevent saturation of the power amplifier, coarse corrections, such as corrections in 10 dB steps, or the like, could be made on a periodic basis to reestablish an acceptable power baseline. Adjustment in this manner should not be a problem so long as the rate of coarse power level adjustment is much lower than the 30 dBs/second power control adjustment rate at the base station 222. The repeater 210 could, for example, adjust the gain in 10 dB increments once per minute without serious disruption to the overall system based power control scheme. It should be noted that the specific implementation of the automatic gain control (AGC) loop can be decided in connection with a particular application or set of requirements for a particular customer or the like. On the downlink, the signal is not power controlled, but rather the subscriber terminal 232 periodically reports the measured RSSI and its variance to the base station 222 quantized in 1 dB increments ranging, for example, from 40 dBm to −123 dBm. It is expected that the received signal strength to be well within this quantization range wherever the repeaters are deployed.
It is envisioned the exemplary repeaters will have specifications similar to existing repeaters, such as for IS-2000 systems. The repeaters can take various forms including for example, a same frequency indoor repeater, an outdoor infrastructure repeater, which is a high power repeater used to fill in poor or problem coverage areas in a outdoor installation such as in an alleyways or to selectively extend coverage beyond the current coverage areas. The outdoor infrastructure repeater can be deployed on top of buildings, on cell towers, or the like. Further an exemplary repeater can include an indoor distribution system where significant distances must be spanned between the repeater and the antenna coupled to the base station for use in subways and parking garages. Still further, an exemplary repeater can include a fiber optic repeater system with relatively short fiber distances to achieve �deep� in-building coverage. It is believed that long fiber optic distances will cause system level problems with the operation of the repeater systems described herein.
RSSI _ ⁡ ( n ) = 1 W ⁢ ∑ t = n - W + 1 n ⁢ RSSI ⁡ ( n ) Equation ⁢ ⁢ ( 1 ) where W is the number of samples. The index n denotes the discrete time interval during which the RSSI signal 402 and 405 are sampled and can be set, for example, to a sampling period of 1/25th of the duration of the minimum T/R-TG of 5 μs in order to accurately determine the subframe timing. With a 5 μs minimum T/R-TG, the sampling frequency should be at a rate of 5.0 MHz. Alternatively, in order to emphasize more recent samples, a windowing function using an exponential forgetting factor can be used which can be expressed as:
λ = ⅇ - 1 f s ⁢ t c Equation ⁢ ⁢ ( 3 ) The beginning of the downlink and the uplink frame is typically marked by a rise in the filtered RSSI values. Thus, one way to detect the start of a subframe is to look for several consecutive increases in the filtered RSSI. That is, if the sign associated with RSSI(n)− RSSI(n−1) is positive for several consecutive samples, then we know that we are at the beginning of a subframe. It is also known that the total duration of the frame is 5 ms, including the transmission gaps, and this knowledge can be used to validate the total length the two transmission gaps and the downlink and uplink subframes. Similarly, when the sign associated with RSSI(n)− RSSI(n−1) is negative for several consecutive samples, the end of a subframe is indicated.
s ⁡ ( n + 1 ) = { ws ⁡ ( n ) + ( 1 - w ) ⁢ d ⁡ ( n )  d ⁡ ( n )  > 0 s ⁡ ( n )  d ⁡ ( n )  = 0 Equation ⁢ ⁢ ( 4 ) where d(n) is the direction in which the downlink subframe start timing is adjusted, and w is the memory factor associated with the start time s(n). It should be noted that d(n) is defined by the formula:
d ⁡ ( n ) = - sign ⁡ [ ∑ k = - N N - 1 ⁢ f ⁡ ( RSSI _ ⁡ ( n + k ) , RSSI _ ⁡ ( n + k - 1 ) ) ] Equation ⁢ ⁢ ( 5 ) where N is the number of samples to either side of the start timing of the frame, and
f ⁡ ( a , b ) = { + 1 , b - a > threshold - 1 , else Equation ⁢ ⁢ ( 6 ) The threshold in Equation 6 should be large enough such that only significant increases in RSSI(n) associated with the start of a downlink subframe are assigned a positive value. With reference to FIG. 4, the threshold 403 can represent a baseline threshold value.
P r P s = 10 ⁢ log 10 ⁡ ( P t ⁢ r r - n P t ⁢ r s - n ) = - 3 ⁢ n Equation ⁢ ⁢ ( 8 ) With a third order path loss, the store-and-forward repeater thus provides 9 dB of gain in the received SNR. Table 1 indicates the required SNR levels and the number of bits per block for different modulation rate and coding schemes associated with the IEEE 802.16 standard. For the three lowermost modulation schemes, the block size improves by a factor of 2 to 3 with the 9 dB improvement in link budget, meaning that in spite of having to transmit the packet twice, there is a net improvement in the throughput although margin and with increased delay. Table 1 indicates the improvement in the block size for different modulation and code rate schemes. The block size improvement ratio, for example, is the increase in the number of bits occupied in the block if 9 dB is added to the link budget. It should also be noted that with a higher order path loss, an even greater improvement in the throughput is expected.
P ′ ⁡ ( r ) = P 1 ⁡ ( r 2 ) - n Equation ⁢ ⁢ ( 10 ) If we wish the received power at the input antenna to the repeater to be the same as the power at the input antenna to the base station, then the ratio in transmit power levels becomes:
P 1 P o = 2 - n = - 3 ⁢ n ⁢ ⁢ dB Equation ⁢ ⁢ ( 11 ) Thus the total power required to reach the repeater at the same receiver sensitivity is −3n dB as much. By breaking up the signal path into two segments, the total transmit power of the subscriber terminal and the repeater station is −3n+3 dB relative to the direct transmission. With a 3rd order path loss, a total of −6 dB lower total transmit power level is required. The 3rd order path loss combined with the repeater antenna's better isolation from neighboring base stations means that significantly lower out of cell interference is generated with the uplink repeater placed half way between the subscriber and base stations.
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No. 11/339,838, now U.S. Patent No. 7,230,935.53Written Opinion-PCT/US05/016592, International Search Authority-US, Jun. 28, 2006.54Written Opinion�PCT/US05/016592, International Search Authority�US, Jun. 28, 2006.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8537789 *May 22, 2008Sep 17, 2013Harris CorporationMobile ad-hoc network providing communication latency reduction features and related methodsUS8649418Feb 8, 2013Feb 11, 2014CBF Networks, Inc.Enhancement of the channel propagation matrix order and rank for a wireless channelUS20080108355 *May 4, 2007May 8, 2008Fujitsu LimitedCentralized-scheduler relay station for mmr extended 802.16e system* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification455/7, 455/16, 455/11.1International ClassificationH04B7/155, H04W88/04, H04B7/15, H04B7/26, H04L12/28, H04B7/14, H04B3/36, H04L12/56Cooperative ClassificationH04W88/04, H04B7/1555, H04B7/2606European ClassificationH04B7/155F3, H04B7/26B2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 2, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: WIDEFI, INC., FLORIDAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PROCTOR, JAMES A., JR.;GAINEY, KENNETH M.;SHAD, FAISAL M.;REEL/FRAME:020891/0977;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050615 TO 20060726Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PROCTOR, JAMES A., JR.;GAINEY, KENNETH M.;SHAD, FAISAL M.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050615 TO 20060726;REEL/FRAME:020891/0977Jan 2, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED, CALIFORNIAFree format text: NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT EFFECTIVE AS OF OCTOBER 26, 2007;ASSIGNOR:WIDEFI, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020317/0300Effective date: 20071220Owner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED,CALIFORNIAFree format text: NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT EFFECTIVE AS OF OCTOBER 26, 2007;ASSIGNOR:WIDEFI, INC.;REEL/FRAME:20317/300Nov 29, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WIDEFI, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020177/0065Effective date: 20071026Owner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED,CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WIDEFI, INC.;REEL/FRAME:20177/65RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google