Source: http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-releases-new-data-internet-access-services-3?contrast=highContrast
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Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 2', 'art 5', 'art 12', 'arts 15', 'arts 17', 'arts 1', 'arts 15', 'arts 17', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 5', 'art 6', 'art 7', 'art 8', 'art 9', 'art 10', 'art 11', 'art 12', 'art 13', 'art 14', 'art 8', 'art 9', 'art 13', 'art 15', 'art 16', 'art 17', 'art 18', 'art 19', 'art 20', 'art 21', 'art 22', 'art 23', 'art 24', 'art 25', 'art 26', 'art 27', 'art 28', 'art 29', 'art 23']

Word DocumentPDF DocumentText Document	Released: March 21, 2011
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau March 2011 This report is available for reference in the FCC's Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site at www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats. Table of Contents Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1 Connection speeds.................................................................................................................................2 Figure 1(a) Distribution of Reportable Connections by Downstream Speed ...............................2 Figure 1(b) Distribution of Reportable Connections by Upstream Speed....................................3 Figure 2(a) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed Below 3 mbps ............................................................................4 Figure 2(b) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed at Least 3 mbps but Below 6 mbps............................................5 Figure 2(c) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed at Least 6 mbps..........................................................................6 Providers by census tract by connection speed ..................................................................................7 Figure 3(a) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds.........................7 Figure 3(b) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network Capable of Delivering Service of Various Speeds......................................................................................................8 A decade of Internet access adoption. .................................................................................................9 Figure 4 Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2010 ...................................................................9 Other report highlights.......................................................................................................................10 Residential subscribership ..............................................................................................................10 Household adoption by speed tier ..................................................................................................10 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections ..................................11 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics .........................................................11 Maps of providers by census tract ..................................................................................................11 Remainder of the report.....................................................................................................................11 Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation........................................................................................13 Detailed Summary Statistics: The States .........................................................................................33 Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts ...........................................................50 Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures ..................................................................66 Technical Notes ...................................................................................................................................80 Glossary ...............................................................................................................................................83 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 i Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 Introduction. This report summarizes information about Internet access connections over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction in service in the United States on June 30, 2010, as collected by FCC Form 477. Form 477 gathers standardized information about subscribership to Internet access services in the fifty states, District of Columbia, and inhabited insular areas (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands). The information is reported by telephone companies, cable system operators, terrestrial wireless service providers, satellite service providers, and other facilities-based providers of advanced telecommunications capability.1 Notable developments during the first half of 2010 include: Fixed-location Internet access connections increased by only 1% (from 81 to 82 million) while subscribers with mobile wireless devices and data plans for full Internet access increased by 27% (from 56 million to 71 million). See Table 1. Fixed-location connections continue to dominate at speeds that meet or exceed the availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report (41 million fixed connections compared to 5 million mobile subscribers). See Table 2. The report reflects the Commission's efforts to improve the way it collects, uses, and disseminates data by focusing in detail on reported connection speeds. Before presenting that information, we note two important points about the Form 477 data. First, the data track subscribership, or adoption, of services of different speeds; they do not directly measure the availability of services of different speeds. That is, if service connections of different speeds are available to a particular consumer for purchase from one or more suppliers then only the purchased connection is counted by Form 477. Second, the reported connection speed is typically based on the advertised speed of the purchased service, such as the advertised "up to" speed of a wired service or the advertised range of "typical speeds" of a mobile wireless service. It is possible that the purchased service will not operate at its advertised speed at all times.2 This is the fourth report to include details about subscribership differences among census tracts and counties, as well as subscribership differences among the states.3 And we continue to illustrate correlations of subscribership and demographic measures. 1 See the Technical Notes and the Glossary that appear at the end of this report for more-detailed information about the Form 477 data collection and the meaning of terms used in this report. 2 The Commission is working in partnership with a third-party measurement company, SamKnows, to test actual consumer broadband speeds. See Comment Sought on Residential Fixed Broadband Services Testing and Measurement Solution, CG Docket No. 09-158, CC Docket No. 98-170, WC Docket No. 04-36, Public Notice, 25 FCC Rcd 3836 (2010). The Commission is also considering a third-party partnership for mobile broadband measurement. See Comment Sought on Measurement of Mobile Broadband Network Performance and Coverage, CG Docket No. 09-158, CC Docket No. 98-170, WC Docket No. 04-36, Public Notice, 25 FCC Rcd 7069 (2010). 3 The Form 477 program began collecting state-level data in 2000. Census tract-level data were first collected in December 2008. For an overview of program history, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) (December 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. Readers who are interested in historical trends in the Form 477 data should note the changes in reporting requirements that were effective in 2008 and earlier, in 2005. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 1 Connection speeds. The Form 477 program categorizes reportable connections into 72 speed tiers defined by eight ranges of downstream and nine ranges of upstream speed. In this overview discussion, we organize the extensive information collected for June 2010 into three groups of downstream speeds and three groups of upstream speeds. For the breakpoints between these groups, we use the Form 477-defined breakpoints that the Commission discussed as potential proxies for the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report.4 These Form 477-defined breakpoints are 3 mbps and 6 mbps for downstream speeds and 768 kbps and 1.5 mbps for upstream speeds.5 Figure 1(a) illustrates how the connections reported for June 2010 were distributed across the three ranges of downstream speed defined by breakpoints at 3 mbps and at 6 mbps. Figure 1(a) Distribution of Reportable Connections (152,920,000) by Downstream Speed as of June 30, 2010 31%
Downstream Speed 6 mbps (46,797,000 connections)3 mbps Downstream Speed < 6 mbps (13,636,000 connections)Downstream Speed < 3 mbps (92,487,000 connections)
4 The Commission benchmarked broadband as a transmission service that enables an end user actually to download Internet content at 4 megabits per second (mbps) and to upload Internet content at 1 mbps over the service provider's network. See Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket Nos. 09-137, 09-51, Report, 25 FCC Rcd 95560, 9563, para. 11 (2010) (Sixth Broadband Deployment Report). 5 See Sixth Broadband Deployment Report, 25 FCC Rcd at 9568, para. 20. As explained there, the Commission decided to evaluate the evidence of broadband availability using the Form 477-defined speed breakpoints of 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 2 At mid-year 2010, 60% of reportable connections (or 92.5 million connections) were slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction, 9% (or 13.6 million connections) were at least 3 mbps in the downstream direction but slower than 6 mbps, and 31% (or 46.8 million connections) were at least 6 mbps in the downstream direction.6 By comparison to revised data for December 2009 that were filed after our most recent report was released, mobile wireless connections slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction increased by 24% (from 52.9 million to 65.7 million connections) between December 2009 and June 2010 while the number of fixed connections slower than 3 mbps decreased by 1% (from 27.1 million to 26.8 million connections). Total (fixed and mobile) connections slower than 3 mbps downstream increased by 16% (or 12.5 million connections) over the six months while connections of all reportable speeds increased by 12% (or 16.4 million connections). Figure 1(b) illustrates how the connections reported for June 2010 were distributed across the three ranges of upstream speed defined by breakpoints at 768 kbps and at 1.5 mbps. Figure 1(b) Distribution of Reportable Connections (152,920,000) by Upstream Speed as of June 30, 2010 18%
Upstream Speed 1.5 mbps (28,360,000 connections)768 kbps Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (27,651,000 connections)Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (96,909,000 connections)
6 Our narrative discussion of the speeds of all reportable connections (fixed and mobile) is summarized more concisely in Chart 1. Chart 2 provides connection-speed detail for fixed connections. Chart 5 provides connection-speed detail for mobile wireless connections. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 3 At mid-year 2010, 63% of reportable connections (or 96.9 million connections) were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction, 18% (or 27.7 million connections) were at least 768 kbps in the upstream direction but slower than 1.5 mbps, and 19% (or 28.4 million connections) were at least 1.5 mbps in the upstream direction. By comparison to the revised data that were filed for December 2009 after our most recent report was released, mobile wireless connections slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction increased by 22% (from 49.7 million to 60.8 million connections) between December 2009 and June 2010 while the number of fixed connections slower than 768 kbps decreased by 2% (from 36.7 million to 36.1 million connections). Total (fixed and mobile) connections slower than 768 kbps upstream increased by 12% (or 10.5 million connections) over the six months while connections of all reportable speeds increased by 12% (or 16.4 million connections). In Figures 2(a) 2(c), we sequentially review the upstream speeds of the connections that fall into each of the three downstream-speed groupings that we illustrated in Figure 1(a). Figure 2(a) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (92,487,000) with Downstream Speed Below 3 mbps as of June 30, 2010 0%
Downstream Speed < 3 mbps -- Upstream Speed 1.5 mbps (740,000 connections)
Downstream Speed < 3 mbps -- 768 Upstream Speed <1.5 mbps (8,574,000 connections)
Downstream Speed < 3 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (83,173,000 connections)
U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 4 At mid-year 2010, about 54% of reportable connections (or 83.2 million connections) were slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction and also slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. Additionally, about 6% of reportable connections (or 9.3 million connections) were fast enough in the upstream direction (at least 768 kbps) but too slow in the downstream direction (less than 3 mbps) to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. Figure 2(b) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (13,636,000) with Downstream Speed at Least 3 mbps but Below 6 mbps as of June 30, 2010 1%
3 mbps Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed 1.5 mbps (1,366,000 connections)
3 mbps Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- 768 Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (5,217,000 connections)
3 mbps Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (7,053,000 connections)
At mid-year 2010, about 5% of reportable connections (or 7.1 million connections) were at least 3 mbps but below 6 mbps in the downstream direction and were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. These purchased connections are too slow in the upstream direction to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 5 Figure 2(c) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (46,797,000) with Downstream Speed at Least 6 mbps as of June 30, 2010 9%
Downstream Speed 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed 1.5 mbps (26,254,000 connections)
Downstream Speed 6 mbps -- 768 Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (13,860,000 connections)
Downstream Speed 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (6,683,000 connections)
At mid-year 2010, about 4% of reportable connections (or 6.7 million connections) were at least 6 mbps in the downstream direction and were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. These purchased connections also are too slow in the upstream direction to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. In sum, 69% of reportable Internet access service connections (or 106.2 million connections) in June 2010 were too slow in both the downstream and upstream directions, or too slow in a single direction, to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. About 54% of reportable connections (or 83.2 million connections) were too slow in both directions, about 6% (or 9.3 million connections) were too slow in the downstream direction only, and about 9% (or 13.7 million connections) were too slow in the upstream direction only. By comparison, revised data that were filed for December 2009 after our previous report was released show that 69% of total reportable connections (or 94.3 million connections) in December 2009 were too slow in both the downstream and upstream directions, or too slow in a single direction, to meet that broadband availability benchmark. About 53% (or 72.0 million connections) were too slow in both directions, about 6% (or 8.0 million connections) were too slow in the downstream direction only, and about 11% (or 14.4 million connections) were too slow in the upstream direction only. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 6 Providers by census tract by connection speed. In earlier reports in which we summarized Form 477 data through June 2008, we included summary statistics for the percentage of 5-digit geographical ZIP Codes in which differing numbers of providers (zero providers, one provider, two providers, etc.) had customers for their reportable connections.7 The ZIP Code-based data did not include information about the speeds of the connections that were purchased in particular ZIP Codes. However, the census tract-level information collected on Form 477 since December 2008 does include the speeds of purchased fixed-location connections.8 In Figure 3(a), we use that information to estimate the percentages of households located in census tracts where zero, one, two, or three or more providers reported residential fixed-location connections of several different speeds at mid-year 2010.9 Figure 3(a) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds as of June 30, 2010 100
Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. 7 For the most recent such report, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2008 (July 2009) (June 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. 8 Mobile wireless providers report the number of service subscriptions they have sold, and the speeds of those service subscriptions, at the state level only. For individual census tracts, they report the speeds of mobile wireless service subscriptions that they offer for sale that is, the capability of the network that they operate in the census tract. 9 A provider who reports residential connections of a particular speed in a particular census tract may or may not offer service of that speed everywhere in the census tract. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 7 In Figure 3(b), we estimate the percentages of households in census tracts where providers reported residential fixed-location connections of different speeds or operated a mobile wireless network capable of sending or receiving data at the indicated speeds. Figure 3(b) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network Capable of Delivering Service of Various Speeds as of June 30, 2010 100
U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 8 Internet access adoption. The Commission has systematically collected, compiled, and published data about the adoption of fixed-location Internet access connections faster than 200 kbps in at least one direction for more than a decade. Figure 4 illustrates the adoption of fixed-location Internet access connections (that is, all reportable connections except mobile wireless connections) since 1999.10 Figure 4 Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2010 90,000
00 001 01 002 002 003 003
n 2005 c 2005 n 2006
Dec 1999Ju
Dec 20 Ju
Dec 2 Ju
Dec 20 Jun 2009
Dec 20 Jun 2010
Between June 2000 and June 2010, total (business and residential) reportable fixed-location connections grew from 4 million connections to 82 million connections at a compound annual growth rate of 35% per year. Between June 2000 and June 2010, residential fixed-location connections grew from 3 million connections to 75 million connections at a compound annual growth rate of 37% per year. Between June 2000 and June 2010, household adoption which we track in Figure 4 by comparing the number of residential fixed-location connections to the number of households increased from 3 connections per 100 households to 63 connections per 100 households.11,12 10 Reportable connections for December 1999 through June 2005 are summarized in our report High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2008 (July 2009), Tables 1 and 2, available in Excel format at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. The more recent data are discussed later in this report. 11 We also show total (including business as well as residential) fixed-location connections per 100 population in Figure 4, which is a statistic routinely reported by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This ratio incorporates connections to business locations into a comparison to persons. A more accurately U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 9 Other report highlights. Residential subscribership Residential fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction increased by 2% during the first half of 2010, to 75 million. See Table 3. Reported residential mobile wireless service subscribers with mobile devices and data plans for full Internet access increased by 27%, to 55 million, during the first half of 2010. See Table 3. The reported data show a substantial increase between December 2009 and June 2010 in the number of residential fixed-location connections that are at least 6 mbps downstream and 1.5 mbps upstream (from 11 million to 22 million) and also a substantial increase in the number of connections that are at least 10 mbps downstream and 1.5 mbps upstream (from 10 million to 22 million). See Chart 12. However, the increases appear to be anomalies caused by inconsistent reporting by at least one filer, and revisions of the 2009 data are pending.13 Household adoption by speed tier As a national average in June 2010, there were 33 residential fixed-location connections per 100 households for connections with speeds that were reported to be at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream. That was about half as large as the ratio for residential fixed-location connections of any reportable speed.14 See Tables 15 and 16. measured indicator of this type would include only connections to residential locations, but OECD does not have comprehensive, consistent information about residential connections in the member countries. (We note that the ratio of accurately measured residential fixed-location connections to population has a maximum value for any given country and point in time the value when every household is connected if we assume that no household would have more than one fixed connection to its premises. For the United States in June 2010, for example, the maximum value would be 38 because there were about 119.7 million households in the United States and inhabited insular areas and a population of about 313.2 million.) 12 For consistency of presentation, we include only mid-year ratios in Figure 4. We calculated total fixed connections per 100 population using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for the United States and Puerto Rico which are as of July 1 each year and Census 2000 population for the remaining inhabited insular areas. We calculated residential fixed connections per 100 households using U.S. household estimates from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS) for July of each year and Census 2000 households for the inhabited insular areas. (The CPS also estimates U.S. households for March and November of each year.) 13 Relevant charts and tables in earlier Internet Access Services reports will be updated when revised 2009 data are received, and the revised data will supersede the 2009 data presented here. Reports for 2009 data are available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. 14 Increases over time in the ratio of residential fixed-location connections to households indicate that increasing shares of households are connected at home. The ratio is somewhat different from the "take rate" of offered service because, as discussed in connection with Figure 3(a), some households are located in areas where apparently no fixed-location service is offered (as none is purchased). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 10 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections We estimate the share of households with fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction in individual census tracts and counties as of June 30, 2010. Our estimates continue to indicate that there are substantial areas of relatively low and relatively high household adoption around the national average. See Charts 15 and 16. For both census tracts and counties, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of households with reportable fixed-location Internet access connections. These results suggest that some filers are not accurately assigning customer connections to census tracts, and anecdotal evidence supports that conclusion.15 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership, or adoption, rates and demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household density, education, age, and race. The data indicate that some demographic variables are correlated with the adoption of Internet access service. See Charts 17-29. Maps of providers by census tract Maps depict the number of providers of reportable connections by census tract. These maps are similar to previously published maps of providers by ZIP Code, but differ in important respects. In particular, instead of a single map combining providers of connections over all technologies and to both residential and business end users, now separate maps depict: (1) providers of total (combined residential and business) reportable fixed-location connections, (2) providers of residential reportable fixed-location connections, (3) providers of residential fixed-location connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, and (4) providers making reportable mobile wireless service available.16 Remainder of the report. The remainder of the report consists of tables, charts, and maps that highlight different aspects of Internet access service subscriptions. This information is organized into four sections, as described below. As always, publicly accessible data that are too voluminous to include in this report are available online at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation. Tables 1-14 and Charts 1-14 focus in order on: number of connections, speed of connections, technology of connections, and number of providers. Detailed Summary Statistics: The States. Tables 15-24 present comparable information for the individual states and our estimates of the shares of households that are connected at different speeds. 15 For example, while contacting Form 477 filers with questions about reported data, FCC staff continue to find situations in which all connections reported for a county have been assigned to a single, anomalous census tract. 16 As discussed in the Technical Notes, a mobile wireless provider should only report service availability in census tracts where the provider operates a network capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 11 Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts. Charts 15-16 and Tables 25-29 present information about differences among counties and census tracts. This section concludes with two maps that illustrate differences among census tracts in the estimated share of connected households and the four maps (discussed above) that illustrate providers by census tract. Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures. Charts 17-29 present details of the correlations observed between the estimated share of connected households and demographic measures. * * * * We invite users of this information to suggest improvements in the data analysis by using the attached customer response form or e-mailing comments to IATDreports@fcc.gov for subject: June 2010 Internet services data, and to participate in proceedings the Commission undertakes to improve the data collection. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 12 Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation Contents of this section Number of connections Table 1 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010....................................15 Table 2 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 ..............15 Table 3 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010.................15 Table 4 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 .........................................................................................................15 Speed of connections Chart 1 Distribution of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010.....................................................................................................................16 Chart 2 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010 ............................................................................................................17 Chart 3 Distribution of Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010 ............................................................................................................18 Chart 4 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................19 Chart 5 Distribution of Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................20 Table 5 Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2010....................21 Table 6 Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2010.....................................................................................................................22 Technology of connections Table 7 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010...........23 Chart 6 Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 ..............................................................23 Table 8 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010..........................................................................................................................24 Chart 7 Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 ...........................................24 Connections by speed and technology Table 9 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010.................................................................................................25 Chart 8 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2010 ...................................................................................25 Table 10 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010.................................................................................................26 Chart 9 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2010 ...................................................................................26 Chart 10 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2010 (Shares of selected technologies) ......................................................................................27 Chart 11 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (Net adds for selected technologies)..................................................................................27 U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 13
Chart 12 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds) .......................................................28 Table 11 Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition) as of June 30, 2010 ............................................................................................................29 Chart 13 Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology as of June 30, 2010 ............................................................................................................29 Table 12 Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2010.....................................30 Table 13 Residential Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2010 ..................31 Number of providers Table 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 .......................................................32 Chart 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction: Selected Technologies 2006-2010 .........................................32 U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 14
Table 1 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 64,992 82,525 100,986
116,663 136,540
Total Fixed 53,975 60,238 65,681
78,268 80,698
Mobile Wireless1 11,017 22,288 35,305
38,395 55,842
Table 2 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 31,120
46,697 Total Fixed 30,987
41,362 Mobile Wireless1 133
5,335 Table 3 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 50,941 58,344 66,173
100,781 117,438
Total Fixed 49,784 55,652 60,628
71,700 73,985
Mobile Wireless1 1,157 2,692 5,545
29,081 43,454
Table 4 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 29,127
43,358 Total Fixed 29,013
39,033 Mobile Wireless1 114
4,325 1 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 15
< 3 mbps; 60.5%
>= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 8.9%
>= 6 mbps; 30.6%
Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 83,173
6,683 96,909
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 8,574
13,860 27,651
At least 1.5 mbps 740
26,254 28,360
Total 92,487
46,797 152,920
Percentages Less than 768 kbps 54.4
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 5.6
9.1 18.1
30.6 100.0
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 16
< 3 mbps; 32.8%
>= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 14.7%
>= 6 mbps; 52.5%
Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 22,532
6,664 36,111
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 3,695
12,858 21,338
At least 1.5 mbps 575
23,384 24,295
Total 26,803
42,906 81,744
Percentages Less than 768 kbps 27.6
8.2 44.2
15.7 26.1
28.6 29.7
Total 32.8
52.5 100.0
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 17
< 3 mbps; 57.0%
>= 6 mbps; 34.1%
Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 68,473
6,588 81,209
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 5,708
12,805 22,896
At least 1.5 mbps 237
25,067 26,408
Total 74,419
44,460 130,513
Percentages Less than 768 kbps 52.5
5.0 62.2
34.1 100.0
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 18
< 3 mbps; 31.4%
>= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 13.8%
>= 6 mbps; 54.8%
Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 20,216
6,569 32,794
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 3,314
12,375 19,887
At least 1.5 mbps 83
22,266 22,543
Total 23,613
41,209 75,224
Percentages Less than 768 kbps 26.9
8.7 43.6
16.5 26.4
Total 31.4
54.8 100.0
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 19
< 3 mbps; 92.3%
>= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 2.3%
>= 6 mbps; 5.5%
Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 60,640
19 60,798
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 4,879
1,002 6,313
At least 1.5 mbps 165
2,870 4,066
Total 65,684
3,891 71,177
Percentages Less than 768 kbps 85.2
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 6.9
Total 92.3
5.5 100.0
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 20
7 Table 5 Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2010 (In thousands) Downstream Speed Greater At least At least At least 3 At least 6 At least At least than 200
Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 9,083
% Residential 70
Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 18,239
% Residential 78
% Residential 92
At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Total Connections #
% Residential 23
% Residential 5
At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Total Connections *
Total Total Connections 27,324
% Residential 75
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 21
8 Table 6 Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2010 (In thousands) Downstream Speed Greater At least At least At least 3 At least 6 At least At least than 200
Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 1,678
% Residential 88
Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 2,345
Total Total Connections 4,024
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 22
Table 7 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 64,992 82,525 100,986
aDSL 22,584 25,413 27,793
30,618 30,972
sDSL 337 345 320
Other Wireline 472 545 622
Cable Modem 29,173 31,982 34,404
41,722 43,162
FTTP1 547 894 1,281
3,543 3,975
Satellite 495 572 669
990 1,116
Fixed Wireless 361 483 587
Mobile Wireless2 11,017 22,288 35,305
Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 23
Table 8 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 50,941 58,344 66,173
aDSL 20,152 22,768 24,962
27,029 27,389
sDSL 103 105 105
Other Wireline 9 13 12
Cable Modem 28,388 31,118 33,336
40,122 41,481
FTTP1 444 764 1,153
3,344 3,754
Satellite 382 456 530
668 767
Fixed Wireless 301 424 523
Mobile Wireless2 1,157 2,692 5,545
Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 24
Table 9 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 31,120
41,362 aDSL 5,403
6,277 sDSL 5
13 Other Wireline 121
178 Cable Modem 22,708
30,616 FTTP1 2,694
4,186 Satellite #
# Fixed Wireless 54
91 Power Line and Other 1
1 Mobile Wireless2 133
5,335 # = Rounds to Zero. 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 8
by Technology as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 25
Table 10 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 29,127
39,033 aDSL 4,613
5,560 sDSL 1
2 Other Wireline 10
19 Cable Modem 21,776
29,398 FTTP1 2,571
3,977 Satellite 0
0 Fixed Wireless 42
77 Power Line and Other 1
1 Mobile Wireless2 114
4,325 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 9
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 26
in 2,056
Jun 2006 to
Jun 2007 to
Jun 2008 to
Jun 2009 to
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 27
Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 28
Table 11 Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition) as of June 30, 2010 (In thousands) At Most Over 200 kbps 200 kbps Upstream or Upstream and
less than at least 768 kbps 768 kbps Technology Downstream Downstream Total aDSL 4,033
27,471 sDSL 30
65 Other Wireline 3
54 Cable Modem 1,068
42,178 FTTP 18
4,181 Satellite 697
787 Fixed Wireless 123
483 Mobile Wireless 21,083
55,289 Power Line and Other 3
6 Total 27,057
130,513 # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 13
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 29
16 Table 12 Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2010 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Download Download Download Download Download
than than than than than at least 25 Technology 768 kbps 768 kbps Subtotal 768 kbps 1.5 mbps 3 mbps 6 mbps 10 mbps 25 mbps mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 1,046 1,275
8,979 1,752
Cable Modem 121 836
2,603 11,400
FTTP 5 1
Fixed Wireless 37 20
Mobile Wireless * *
1,601 3,891
Total 9,083 10,164
13,599 17,185
Percentages aDSL 3.4 4.1
29.2 5.7
11.6 3.9
Cable Modem 0.3 1.9
5.9 26.0
FTTP 0.1 0.0
Fixed Wireless 6.7 3.7
16.4 3.0
Total 5.9 6.6
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 30
17 Table 13 Residential Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2010 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Download Download Download Download Download
than than than than than at least 25 Technology 768 kbps 768 kbps Subtotal 768 kbps 1.5 mbps 3 mbps 6 mbps 10 mbps 25 mbps mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 1,004 1,203
7,828 1,555
Cable Modem 111 834
2,251 11,122
FTTP 4 1
Fixed Wireless 34 19
1,232 3,250
Total 6,360 6,441
11,604 16,039
Percentages aDSL 3.7 4.4
Cable Modem 0.3 2.0
5.3 26.4
Fixed Wireless 7.0 3.9
16.4 2.8
Total 4.9 4.9
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 31
Table 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun aDSL 833 858 864
sDSL 256 257 242
Other Wireline 246 256 246
Cable Modem 254 279 282
FTTP 187 222 251
Fixed Wireless 452 505 484
Mobile Wireless 19 24 19
Power Line and Other 6 6 6
Total 1,327 1,396 1,374
1,549 1,521
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 32
Detailed Summary Statistics: The States Contents of this section Residential subscribership rates Table 15 Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 kbps up) .................34 Table 16 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................35 End users of connections Table 17 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................36 Connections by speed and technology Table 18 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................37 Table 19 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream) .................................30 Table 20 Percentage of Connections by Download Speed by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................41 Connections for selected technologies Table 21 ADSL Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................43 Table 22 Cable Modem Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................45 Number of providers Table 23 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................47 Reported availability for selected technologies Table 24 Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State as of June 30, 2010: xDSL Availability Where ILECs Offer Local Telephone Service and Cable Modem Availability Where Cable Systems Offer Cable TV Service.....................................................................................................49 U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 33
Table 15 Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 up and households, in thousands) Subscribership State Connections Households Ratio Alabama 337
0.18 Alaska *
0.00 Arizona 926
0.38 Arkansas 177
0.15 California 4,773
0.38 Colorado 919
0.46 Connecticut 628
0.46 Delaware 207
0.60 District of Columbia 131
0.48 Florida 2,592
0.35 Georgia 989
0.27 Guam *
* Idaho 72
0.12 Illinois 1,499
0.31 Indiana 713
0.29 Iowa 174
0.15 Kansas 243
0.22 Kentucky 471
0.27 Louisiana 428
0.25 Maine 81
0.15 Maryland 1,268
0.59 Massachusetts 1,634
0.64 Michigan 1,320
0.35 Minnesota 735
0.36 Mississippi 117
0.11 Missouri 442
0.19 Montana 110
0.28 Nebraska 212
0.30 Nevada 344
0.34 New Hampshire 272
0.53 New Jersey 2,163
0.68 New Mexico 198
0.26 New York 3,187
0.43 North Carolina 389
0.10 North Dakota 76
0.29 Northern Mariana Isl *
* Ohio 586
0.13 Oklahoma 311
0.21 Oregon 663
0.44 Pennsylvania 2,187
0.44 Puerto Rico *
* South Carolina 279
0.16 South Dakota 91
0.29 Tennessee 696
0.28 Texas 1,793
0.20 Utah 357
0.40 Vermont 122
0.49 Virgin Islands 0
0.00 Virginia 1,519
0.50 Washington 1,270
0.49 West Virginia 210
0.28 Wisconsin 461
0.21 Wyoming 78
0.36 Total 39,033
0.33 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 34
Table 16 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction and households, in thousands) Subscribership State Connections Households Ratio Alabama 980
0.52 Alaska 171
0.68 American Samoa *
* Arizona 1,566
0.64 Arkansas 549
0.48 California 8,798
0.70 Colorado 1,361
0.69 Connecticut 1,024
0.73 District of Columbia 177
0.66 Florida 5,106
0.70 Georgia 2,095
0.57 Guam *
* Idaho 323
0.56 Illinois 3,040
0.63 Indiana 1,446
0.58 Iowa 740
0.62 Kansas 696
0.63 Kentucky 943
0.55 Louisiana 948
0.56 Maine 368
0.68 Maryland 1,542
0.71 Massachusetts 1,962
0.76 Michigan 2,281
0.60 Minnesota 1,321
0.65 Mississippi 478
0.44 Missouri 1,357
0.57 Montana 232
0.59 Nebraska 447
0.63 Nevada 616
0.61 New Hampshire 404
0.79 New Jersey 2,501
0.78 New Mexico 418
0.55 New York 5,201
0.71 North Carolina 2,395
0.64 North Dakota 164
0.63 Northern Mariana Isl *
* Ohio 2,877
0.63 Oklahoma 764
0.53 Oregon 964
0.63 Pennsylvania 3,328
0.68 Puerto Rico 471
0.37 Rhode Island 291
0.71 South Carolina 1,030
0.58 South Dakota 182
0.57 Tennessee 1,336
0.53 Texas 5,309
0.59 Utah 586
0.65 Vermont 171
0.69 Virgin Islands 13
0.33 Virginia 1,985
0.65 Washington 1,748
0.67 West Virginia 374
0.50 Wisconsin 1,400
0.63 Wyoming 131
0.60 Total 75,224
0.64 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 35
Table 17 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Connections Percentages State Residential Business Residential Business Total Alabama 1,716
1,941 Alaska 340
390 American Samoa 1
2 Arizona 2,610
3,017 Arkansas 995
1,137 California 16,553
19,253 Colorado 2,329
2,736 Connecticut 1,728
2,006 Delaware 413
478 District of Columbia 363
615 Florida 8,402
9,768 Georgia 3,922
4,599 Guam 32
40 Hawaii 681
761 Idaho 559
654 Illinois 5,496
6,464 Indiana 2,350
2,747 Iowa 1,100
1,288 Kansas 1,150
1,372 Kentucky 1,521
1,730 Louisiana 1,893
2,168 Maine 529
597 Maryland 2,742
3,234 Massachusetts 3,196
3,678 Michigan 3,433
4,185 Minnesota 2,111
2,533 Mississippi 1,051
1,170 Missouri 2,305
2,741 Montana 392
454 Nebraska 665
814 Nevada 1,224
1,411 New Hampshire 590
679 New Jersey 4,340
5,052 New Mexico 731
851 New York 8,933
10,345 North Carolina 3,896
4,555 North Dakota 264
311 Northern Mariana Isl 5
6 Ohio 4,422
5,235 Oklahoma 1,514
1,749 Oregon 1,671
1,940 Pennsylvania 5,339
6,172 Puerto Rico 705
800 Rhode Island 468
542 South Carolina 1,627
1,884 South Dakota 293
340 Tennessee 2,329
2,734 Texas 10,818
12,893 Utah 1,029
1,226 Vermont 245
286 Virgin Islands 44
50 Virginia 3,472
4,215 Washington 3,071
3,673 West Virginia 598
681 Wisconsin 2,083
2,460 Wyoming 224
262 Total 130,513
152,920 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 36
22 Table 18 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line
Total Alabama 498
California 4,456
Colorado 658
Florida 2,006
Illinois 1,537
Indiana 725
Louisiana 397
Minnesota 611
Missouri 811
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 37
23 Table 18 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Power Other Cable Fixed Mobile Line State ADSL SDSL Wireline Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless and Other
Total Nevada 232
North Carolina 985
Ohio 1,145
Oklahoma 361
Oregon 362
Pennsylvania 1,187
South Carolina 437
Texas 2,797
Wisconsin 615
Total 30,739
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 38
24 Table 19 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line
Total Alabama 42
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 39
25 Table 19 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line
Total Nevada 36
Total 6,277
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 40
26 Table 20 Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and % over 200 kbps % at least 768 kbps % at least 3 mbps % at least 6 mbps % at least 10 mbps State Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Alabama 86.0 72.2 33.8 22.5 5.1 Alaska 87.2 77.9 28.9 12.7 6.5 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 89.1 72.9 34.7 31.5 22.5 Arkansas 89.8 76.2 26.5 17.0 14.7 California 88.2 75.7 32.7 25.8 16.6 Colorado 90.0 76.8 36.8 34.1 25.0 Connecticut 89.6 76.6 39.0 33.7 24.1 Delaware 87.4 73.7 50.9 46.0 41.8 District of Columbia 78.7 61.7 32.2 25.1 16.1 Florida 88.6 81.1 43.3 34.9 20.5 Georgia 86.4 75.1 37.4 25.8 16.0 Guam * * * * * Hawaii 94.2 85.4 51.4 8.4 1.0 Idaho 86.3 70.2 33.9 11.3 3.2 Illinois 90.1 78.7 36.6 26.4 17.9 Indiana 87.1 73.9 35.6 25.9 20.0 Iowa 89.5 75.4 49.9 27.8 7.0 Kansas 86.7 75.1 37.1 26.3 15.9 Kentucky 88.6 80.1 42.2 26.3 20.7 Louisiana 88.1 80.4 30.5 21.0 14.3 Maine 84.6 77.2 55.0 36.5 6.3 Maryland 85.1 72.3 46.0 39.6 34.9 Massachusetts 87.8 77.0 49.2 43.6 38.4 Michigan 84.9 71.9 37.4 31.8 11.2 Minnesota 88.5 75.6 38.5 33.3 20.2 Mississippi 90.2 63.2 23.7 12.0 2.9 Missouri 87.6 77.7 31.9 21.8 6.8 Montana 75.4 51.7 29.0 24.0 1.9 Nebraska 83.0 65.8 41.5 28.8 4.0 U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 41
27 Table 20 - Continued Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and % over 200 kbps % at least 768 kbps % at least 3 mbps % at least 6 mbps % at least 10 mbps State Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Nevada 90.3 80.4 37.3 30.0 20.0 New Hampshire 85.8 73.1 54.8 45.1 34.9 New Jersey 86.3 73.6 50.0 45.2 41.9 New Mexico 84.0 64.6 29.7 23.5 3.2 New York 86.8 76.2 50.7 42.6 37.6 North Carolina 83.5 71.0 44.6 32.2 5.7 North Dakota 80.0 56.9 42.3 26.5 22.1 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 83.2 68.2 38.4 28.3 5.8 Oklahoma 91.5 85.3 34.8 20.4 16.0 Oregon 91.0 80.2 44.6 38.5 26.2 Pennsylvania 86.9 75.1 45.7 35.0 29.3 Puerto Rico 88.2 74.6 21.4 1.4 0.1 Rhode Island 89.0 79.6 53.8 49.3 43.8 South Carolina 81.7 67.3 39.0 29.3 8.0 South Dakota 76.9 55.2 43.1 26.8 24.4 Tennessee 84.7 69.5 35.9 28.3 17.5 Texas 89.0 79.3 34.0 24.2 8.2 Utah 91.0 78.3 33.7 28.2 20.9 Vermont 84.6 74.7 48.5 35.0 13.7 Virgin Islands 85.7 57.7 * * * Virginia 84.3 70.3 42.5 34.9 28.9 Washington 90.4 79.3 43.2 38.1 30.3 West Virginia 88.0 81.1 42.1 27.2 19.0 Wisconsin 89.2 78.5 44.9 30.9 6.5 Wyoming 81.4 54.2 36.1 28.8 1.6 Total 87.4 75.5 39.5 30.6 19.4 * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 42
28 Table 21 ADSL Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Alabama 269
California 4,002
4,755 4,617
Florida 1,723
2,045 2,005
Georgia 1,009
1,361 1,240
Illinois 1,094
1,419 1,503
385 421
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 43
29 Table 21 - Continued ADSL Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Nevada 168
New York 1,003
1,169 1,122
Ohio 753
1,034 1,069
Pennsylvania 871
1,209 1,231
Tennessee 348
Texas 1,733
2,475 2,608
29,964 30,198
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 44
30 Table 22 Cable Modem Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Alabama 311
Arizona 761
992 1,044
California 2,957
3,799 3,990
Florida 1,939
2,631 2,825
Illinois 1,042
1,625 1,591
Indiana 490
Maryland 637
1,159 1,291
Michigan 1,019
622 666
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 45
31 Table 22 - Continued Cable Modem Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Nevada *
New Hampshire 202
New Jersey 1,312
1,586 1,637
New York 2,765
3,548 3,749
1,266 1,344
Ohio 1,185
1,627 1,705
1,492 1,800
517 555
Texas 1,692
2,214 1,971
Virginia 893
941 1,096
Total 29,173
38,190 40,251
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 46
32 Table 23 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line
State ADSL SDSL Wireline Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless and Other Total Alabama 27 11
Alaska 12 4
Arizona 23 9
Arkansas 20 7
California 32 17
Colorado 34 12
Connecticut 7 9
Delaware 6 6
District of Columbia 10 8
Florida 28 18
Georgia 35 16
Idaho 25 7
Illinois 60 22
Indiana 37 13
Iowa 125 36
Kansas 42 16
Kentucky 27 10
Louisiana 19 9
Maine 13 11
Maryland 14 12
Massachusetts 13 11
Michigan 41 21
Minnesota 59 23
Mississippi 20 7
Missouri 39 16
Montana 24 10
Nebraska 34 8
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 47
33 Table 23 - Continued Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line
State ADSL SDSL Wireline Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless and Other Total Nevada 19 10
New Hampshire 13 9
New Jersey 17 14
New Mexico 21 7
New York 43 18
North Carolina 25 9
North Dakota 29 10
Ohio 40 19
Oklahoma 40 10
Oregon 43 14
Pennsylvania 36 14
Rhode Island 6 7
South Carolina 23 7
South Dakota 29 8
Tennessee 27 13
Texas 69 26
Utah 16 11
Vermont 10 6
Virginia 28 17
Washington 28 10
West Virginia 10 6
Total 872 250
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 48
Table 24 Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State as of June 30, 2010 xDSL Availability Where ILECs Cable Modem Availability Where Cable
State Offer Local Telephone Service Systems Offer Cable TV Service Alabama 80 93 Alaska 74 * American Samoa * 0 Arizona 87 99 Arkansas 80 69 California 90 99 Colorado 90 97 Connecticut * 100 Delaware * 99 District of Columbia * * Florida 91 98 Georgia 94 92 Guam * * Hawaii * * Idaho 82 98 Illinois 87 97 Indiana 82 97 Iowa 88 93 Kansas 85 96 Kentucky 84 93 Louisiana 84 94 Maine 76 96 Maryland * 99 Massachusetts * 100 Michigan 75 96 Minnesota 89 97 Mississippi 78 91 Missouri 82 95 Montana 81 84 Nebraska 87 96 Nevada 90 * New Hampshire 77 98 New Jersey 86 100 New Mexico 88 89 New York 79 99 North Carolina 90 94 North Dakota 89 92 Northern Mariana Isl * * Ohio 86 98 Oklahoma 80 93 Oregon 84 97 Pennsylvania 79 96 Puerto Rico * * Rhode Island * * South Carolina 86 95 South Dakota 82 84 Tennessee 84 98 Texas 82 97 Utah 92 90 Vermont 82 71 Virgin Islands * 0 Virginia 67 98 Washington 84 97 West Virginia 67 90 Wisconsin 83 97 Wyoming 81 84 Total 84 97 * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: This table summarizes responses to Form 477 questions about service availability, as opposed to subscribership. xDSL includes both asymmetric and symmetric DSL. Each state-specific estimate is a weighted average of the availability percentages that ILECs or cable system operators report for the areas they serve. Reported xDSL availability is weighted by ILEC end-user switched access lines and VoIP lines. Reported cable modem availability is weighted by cable TV subscribers. The weighted averages include ILECs or cable system operators that report no availability. Figures are presented to the nearest percent. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and II; Warren Communications News, Inc., Television & Cable Factbook: Online (Cable General Information, February 2010). U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 49
Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts Contents of this section All counties Chart 15 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of June 30, 2010 ............................................................................................................51 Table 25 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2010 ............................................................................................................52 All census tracts Chart 16 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of June 30, 2010 ............................................................................................................53 Table 26 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2010 ............................................................................................................54 Table 27 Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................55 Counties and census tracts in individual states Table 28 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) ........................................................................................................56 Table 29 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) .......................................................................................................58 Maps: Residential subscription ratios by census tract Map 1 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 .............................................60 Map 2 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 768 kbps Downstream and 200 kbps Upstream per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010.............................61 Maps: Number of providers by census tract Map 3 Providers of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 .................................................................................62 Map 4 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 .................................................................63 Map 5 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 ..........................................64 Map 6 Providers of Mobile Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 .................................................................................65 U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 50
to County Households as of June 30, 2010
tan 6%
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 51
36 Table 25 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2010 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 5 than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50 than 60 than 80 than 0 and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no more more more more more more more more more than than than than than than than than 100% or Technology Zero than 5%
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 80% 100% more aDSL 1.1
20.1 8.0
sDSL 82.1
Other Wireline 94.6
Cable Modem 14.4
FTTP 64.9
Fixed Wireless 51.6
14.1 22.0
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 52
to Tract Households as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 53
38 Table 26 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2010 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 5 than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50 than 60 than 80 than 0 and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no more more more more more more more more more than than than than than than than than 100% or Technology Zero than 5%
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 80% 100% more aDSL 6.1
sDSL 94.5
Other Wireline 99.1
Cable Modem 6.3
16.5 14.1
FTTP 81.8
Satellite 46.0
Fixed Wireless 86.2
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 54
39 Table 27 Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Number of Providers Seven or Technology Zero One Two Three Four Five Six More aDSL 6.1
11.1 2.0
aDSL and/or Cable Modem and/or FTTP 1.2
34.8 14.5
Any Technology 0.8
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 55
40 Table 28 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Counties Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Alabama 67 0 0
Georgia 159 0 12
Illinois 102 0 1
Mississippi 82 0 0
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 56
41 Table 28 - Continued Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Counties Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Nevada 17 0 0
Total 3,232 4 15
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 57
42 Table 29 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Tracts Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Alabama 1,081 2 6
American Samoa 21 7 8
Arizona 1,107 16 13
Arkansas 624 1 1
California 7,049 42 15
Florida 3,153 11 4
Georgia 1,618 7 66
Illinois 2,964 19 14
Indiana 1,412 4 6
Iowa 793 2 1
Kentucky 994 1 7
Louisiana 1,106 7 5
Maine 344 0 1
Maryland 1,216 7 4
Michigan 2,716 15 9
Minnesota 1,300 6 2
Mississippi 605 0 2
Missouri 1,320 10 1
Montana 270 6 2
Nebraska 503 4 0
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 58
43 Table 29 - Continued Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Tracts Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Nevada 487 8 5
New Mexico 456 17 7
New York 4,898 100 6
North Carolina 1,555 2 8
Northern Mariana Isl 21 1 0
Ohio 2,934 13 8
Oklahoma 990 4 6
Pennsylvania 3,134 35 34
Puerto Rico 823 9 49
South Carolina 867 4 2
South Dakota 235 17 1
Tennessee 1,261 8 4
Texas 4,388 23 40
Utah 496 7 6
Virginia 1,530 5 6
Washington 1,318 2 5
West Virginia 466 1 5
Wisconsin 1,320 8 3
Total 66,287 510 375
7,430 8,995
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 59
by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 60
per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 61
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 62
Providers of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 63
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 64
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 65
Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures Contents of this section Household income Chart 17 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2010 .....................................................67 Chart 18 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2010 .....................68 Household density Chart 19 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2010.....................................................69 Chart 20 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2010.....................70 Education Chart 21 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of June 30, 2010 .................71 Chart 22 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2010 ........................................................................................72 Age Chart 23 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Average Age in Deciles as of June 30, 2010........................................73 Chart 24 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2010 .......................................................................................74 Race Chart 25 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share White Alone in Deciles as of June 30, 2010...................................75 Chart 26 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2010 ............................................................................................................76 Technology and household density Chart 27 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of June 30, 2010.....................................................................................................................77 Income and household density Chart 28 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2010.....................................................................................................................78 Chart 29 Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density..............................................................79 U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 66
by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 67
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2010
ershi 0.5rib
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 68
by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 69
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 70
by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 71
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 72
50 Chart 23
by Average Age in Deciles as of June 30, 2010
Lower Average Age Counties Ranked by Average Age, in Deciles Higher Avergage Age
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 73
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2010
atio Q3
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 74
by Share White Alone in Deciles as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 75
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2010
sher 0.5
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 76
Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 77
Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 78
Tract Data as of June 30, 2010
Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 79
Technical Notes General Detailed information about FCC Form 477 reporting requirements is available at http://www.fcc.gov/form477/. Wherever a number of providers is cited in this report, multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user that is, in at least one direction at transfer rates ("speeds") above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about connections in 72 speed tiers (nine upstream tiers and eight downstream) defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. "End users" are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For Form 477 purposes, the facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. The mutually exclusive Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ("aDSL" in this report), symmetric Digital Subscriber Line ("sDSL"), other wireline, cable modem, optical fiber to the end-user premises ("FTTP"), satellite, fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), mobile wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), electric power line, and all other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over time). In the Form 477 data collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture are reported in the aDSL category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other copper-based connections, not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user location. Ethernet connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline category if the connection terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates over fiber. Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable modem category. Wireless ISPs ("WISPs") report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the shared premises connection is included. Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the connection to that location. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 80 Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage-residential connections information reported on Form 477. Census tracts Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed-location Internet access connections must report connection counts and percentage residential information at the census tract level of detail. Because of the inherent mobility of their service, facilities-based mobile wireless providers do not report subscriber counts by census tract. Instead, they report the census tracts in the state that best represent the areas where service is available over the provider's own network, for each of the speed tiers in which the provider offers service. For the 2000 decennial census, the Census Bureau assigned a default census tract code of 000000 to some coastal and Great Lakes water and territorial sea. These default-code tracts are not included in the statistics presented in this report, which therefore summarize data for 66,287 census tracts. According to GeoLytics, Inc. estimates for 2009, fewer than 200 census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the "zero" column. Decline in reported mobile wireless connections between June 2008 and December 2008 Changed reporting instructions starting in December 2008 caused a one-time decrease in the reported number of mobile wireless Internet access service connections, from about 60 million in June 2008 to about 25 million in December 2008. For reporting periods through June 30, 2008, Form 477 had instructed mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers whose mobile device (such as a wireless modem laptop card, smartphone, or handset) was capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. The Commission found these instructions insufficiently precise to enable it to determine, from the reported data, the number of subscribers making regular use of Internet access service above 200 kbps as part of their mobile service package. Starting with the December 31, 2008 data, therefore, Form 477 requires mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers that have a capable device (as discussed above) for which the subscription includes a data plan for transferring, on a monthly basis, either a specified or an unlimited amount of data to and from Internet sites of the subscriber's choice, and excluding subscribers whose choice of content is restricted to only customized-for-mobile content (for example, text and multimedia messaging, or the capacity to download ringtones and games). Starting with the December 31, 2008, data, providers also must report, explicitly and separately, total subscribers with a device capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps, irrespective of the service plan purchased. The number of such devices reported for December 2008 was about 86 million. That figure is not directly comparable to mobile wireless connections reported for June 2008 or earlier reporting periods, however, because individual providers to a varying and largely unknown degree included or excluded subscribers with service plans for less than full Internet access in the earlier data. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 81 Finally, the Form 477 modifications adopted for the December 31, 2008, and later, data specify how mobile wireless providers should distinguish between residential subscribers and other subscribers, and some of these providers consequently reported a larger share of residential subscribers than they had reported for earlier dates. Ratios of residential fixed-location connections to households that exceed 100% Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, information about connections over fixed-location technologies must be reported for individual census tracts. This allows us to estimate the share of households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number of households. In the year-end 2009 data, we continue to find "outlier" estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual census tracts. Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated ratios are themselves estimates (for 2010, from GeoLytics, Inc.), which could have an independent effect. Maps showing number of providers by census tract Readers of previous reports in this series may note certain differences in the provider-count maps in this report as compared to maps for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates, which showed the number of providers by 5-digit geographical ZIP Code. The ZIP Code-based maps counted (at the holding company level) each provider with any fixed-location connections (wired, terrestrial fixed wireless, or satellite) reported for the ZIP Code and also any mobile wireless service provider who listed the ZIP Code as part of its service area. By contrast, in this report we provide separate maps for providers (counted at the holding company level) of fixed-location connections and for mobile wireless providers. Also, we present maps showing the number of providers that reported any residential fixed-location connections, thereby excluding any providers of exclusively business fixed-location connections in the census tract. Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per 1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership, or adoption, rates) are not comparable to ZIP Code-based maps developed from FCC Form 477 data for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates because numbers of connections were never reported for individual ZIP Codes. Readers should note that these two maps (1) exclude all connections identified as business connections and (2) necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census tracts). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 82 Glossary Term Definition aDSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other. Cable modem service A service which offers customers access to the Internet over a cable system. Downstream speed Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user. End users Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based provider Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. Fixed wireless A radio communication service between specified fixed points. Fixed-location technologies All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless. FTTH or FTTP Fiber to the Home (Premises): A network access architecture in which optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer's home (premises). Internet access service Service that provides end users access to the Internet. ISPs Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide Internet access service (see above). iVoIP Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol: A service that enables real-time, two-way voice communications; requires a broadband connection from the user's location; requires Internet-protocol compatible customer premises equipment; and permits users generally to receive calls that originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls to the public switched telephone network. Mobile wireless service A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations. Mobile wireless provider Provider of mobile wireless service (see above). Other wireline All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies; Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples. Power line Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines. Satellite communications A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays and their associated uplinks and downlinks. sDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 83 Speed tiers Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Upstream speed Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet. Wi-Fi hotspot Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless network. A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users can gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the Internet. Wireless service Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers. Wireless service provider Provider of wireless service (see above). Wireless Any means of electronic data transfer using electromagnetic means, most telecommunications commonly radio waves. WISP Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access to the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for unlicensed use. WLAN Wireless local area network: A WLAN uses radio waves to connect user devices to a local area network (LAN), thereby extending an existing wired LAN. . U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 84 Customer Response Publication: Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 You can help us provide the best possible information to the public by completing this form and returning it to the Industry Analysis and Technology Division of the FCC's Wireline Competition Bureau. 1. Please check the category that best describes you: ____ press ____ current telecommunications carrier ____ potential telecommunications carrier ____ business customer evaluating vendors/service options ____ consultant, law firm, lobbyist ____ other business customer ____ academic/student ____ residential customer ____ FCC employee ____ other federal government employee ____ state or local government employee ____ Other (please specify) 2. 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