Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US6107963?dq=6233682
Timestamp: 2017-03-27 13:56:55
Document Index: 58899670

Matched Legal Cases: ['art. 2', 'art 101', 'art; 8', 'art; 8', 'art; 256', 'art; 9264', 'art; 2', 'art; 1', 'art; 16', 'art; 579', 'art 101']

Patent US6107963 - Adaptive array antenna - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn adaptive antenna includes a buffer for storing sample data obtained by sampling a receive signal, an information storage part for storing a plurality of sets of coefficients, an evaluation part for calculating an evaluation value of the result obtained by the coefficient and the sample data, a selection...http://www.google.com/patents/US6107963?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6107963 - Adaptive array antennaAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6107963 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/442,637Publication dateAug 22, 2000Filing dateNov 18, 1999Priority dateNov 20, 1998Fee statusPaidPublication number09442637, 442637, US 6107963 A, US 6107963A, US-A-6107963, US6107963 A, US6107963AInventorsShinichiro Ohmi, Hiroshi Oue, Hideki NakaharaOriginal AssigneeMatsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (6), Referenced by (39), Classifications (5), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAdaptive array antenna
US 6107963 AAbstract
An adaptive antenna includes a buffer for storing sample data obtained by sampling a receive signal, an information storage part for storing a plurality of sets of coefficients, an evaluation part for calculating an evaluation value of the result obtained by the coefficient and the sample data, a selection part for selecting two or more sets of coefficients in order of decreasing evaluation, an exchanging part for exchanging a part of coefficients between the selected sets of coefficients to generate a new set of coefficients, a changing part for changing a part of coefficients of the selected sets with random numbers to generate a new sets of coefficients, a reproduction part for reproducing the selected sets of coefficients as they are, and a determination part for outputting the result obtained by the set of coefficients with the highest evaluation value after the information storage part, the evaluation part, the selection part, the exchanging part, the changing part, and the reproduction part repeats respective operation once or more.
1. An adaptive array antenna for varying directivity by weighting receive signals so as to remove an undesired signal from the receive signals, comprisinga plurality of array antenna elements for receiving signals; a weighting control part for receiving the signals from said plurality of array antenna elements, and calculating weight information including a plurality of element weights for use in weighting the receive signals so as to remove the undesired signal; a weighting part for receiving said weight information from said weighting control part, and weighting the signals from said plurality of array antenna elements; and a summer for combining all signals from said weighting part; said weighting control part comprising:a buffer for storing sample data obtained by sampling the signals from said plurality of array antenna elements; an evaluation part for performing array combining operation by multiplying said sample data by each of a plurality of possible weight information for each component corresponding to each of said array antenna elements and combining multiplication results, and for calculating an evaluation value representing a degree of removal of the undesired signal by the possible weight information from each of combined results; a selection part for selecting some of the plurality pieces of possible weight information in order of decreasing degree of evaluation; an exchanging part for exchanging one or more element weights included the selected plurality pieces of possible weight information to generate new possible weight information; a changing part for changing one or more element weights included in the selected plurality pieces of possible weight information with a random number to generate new possible weight information; a reproduction part for copying the selected weight information to generate new possible weight information; an information storage part for storing the possible weight information generated by said exchanging part, said changing part, and said reproduction part, and supplying the possible weight information to said evaluation part; and a determination part for calculating said weight information from the possible weight information with a most effective evaluation value among the selected possible weight information; wherein of said plurality pieces of possible weight information, only the plurality pieces of possible weight information with which the undesired signal can be removed more effectively are selected, exchanged, changed, reproduced, and reevaluated repeatedly for a predetermined number of times so as to be renewed from an initial state, and then only the possible weight information with which the undesired signal can be removed most effectively is determined as said weight information by said determination part. 2. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid information storage part has the plurality pieces of possible weight information each of which is predetermined to have different directivities in the initial state, and supplies the plurality pieces of possible weight information to said evaluation part before the receive signals are supplied. 3. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid information storage part stores said weight information previously used corresponding to each of a plurality of transmitting stations, and when the transmitting station is changed, loads said weight information stored therein corresponding to the transmitting station at present as new possible weight information. 4. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid array antenna elements are structured by combining a plurality of sets of two array antenna elements arranged symmetrically in line with respect to a predetermined origin; said information storage part, said selection part, said exchanging part, said changing part, and said reproduction part use the possible weight information including only the element weights corresponding to one of said two array antenna elements in the set, and said evaluation part and said determination part use the possible weight information including all values obtained by multiplying every X-coordinate value by every Y-coordinate value, said X-coordinate and Y-coordinate values arbitrarily selected from the values of said plurality of X-coordinates and Y-coordinates and the corresponding plurality of X-coordinates and Y-coordinates having the conjugate complex relation therewith so that combinations of said X-coordinate and Y-coordinate values vary one another, as the element weights. 5. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereineach of said array antenna elements is arranged on coordinates of a combination of any of a plurality of X-coordinates and Y-coordinates on an X-axis and a Y-axis orthogonal to each other at a predetermined origin and a corresponding plurality of X-coordinates and Y coordinates having a conjugate complex relation therewith, said information storage part, said selection part, said exchanging part, said changing part, and said reproduction part use the possible weight information including only values of the plurality of X-coordinates and Y-coordinates on said X-axis and said Y-axis as the element weights, and said evaluation part and said determination part uses the possible weight information including all values obtained by multiplying every X-coordinate value by every Y-coordinate value, said X-coordinate and Y-coordinate values arbitrarily selected from the values of said plurality of X-coordinates and Y-coordinates and the corresponding plurality of X-coordinates and Y-coordinates having the conjugate complex relation therewith so that combinations of said X-coordinate and Y-coordinate values vary one another, as the element weights. 6. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid changing part adds a random number generated in a predetermined range to one or more element weights included in the selected plurality of pieces of weight information, and generates new possible weight information. 7. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 6, whereinsaid changing part changes the range of random numbers to be generated under predetermined condition. 8. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 7, whereinsaid changing part changes the range of random numbers to be narrower as said evaluation value is higher, and to be broader as said evaluation value is lower. 9. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 7, wherein,said changing part changes the range of random numbers so as to be narrower as the number of operations by said information storage part, said evaluation part, said selection part, said exchanging part, said changing part, and said reproduction part is larger, and to be broader as the number of operation is smaller. 10. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid evaluation part finds a squared error between a distance from signal point coordinates calculated from the result of said array combining operation to an origin and a predetermined value, and calculates a higher evaluation value as the squared error is lower. 11. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid evaluation part finds a distance between signal point coordinates calculated from the result of said array combining operation and signal point coordinates at transmission, and calculates a higher evaluation value as the distance is shorter. 12. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid evaluation part has signal point coordinates for training in advance, finds a distance between signal point coordinates calculated from the result of said array combining operation and the signal point coordinates for training, and calculates a higher evaluation value as the distance is shorter. 13. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 11, whereinsaid evaluation part finds a distance between signal point coordinates in which real and imaginary components of the signal point coordinates calculated from the result of said array combining operation are taken as positive and signal point coordinates in a first quadrant at transmission, and calculates a higher evaluation value as the distance is shorter. 14. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 13, whereinwhen a plurality of signal point coordinates are present in the first quadrant at transmission, said evaluation part finds each squared error between an absolute value of the real component of the signal point coordinates calculated from the result of said array combining operation and each of the real component of said plurality of signal point coordinates, and multiplies all squared errors; finds each squared error between an absolute value of the imaginary component of the signal point coordinates calculated from the result of said array combining operation and each of the imaginary component of said plurality of signal point coordinates; multiplies all squared errors; and calculates a higher evaluation value as a value obtained by combining the multiplied squared errors is smaller. 15. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, wherein,said evaluation part performs the array combining operation for each of plurality of pieces of sample data with different sample timings, and calculates the evaluation value by combining a plurality of results of the array combining operation. 16. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid determination part calculates said weight information from the possible weight information with a second-highest evaluation value among the selected plurality of pieces of possible weight information. 17. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid exchanging part fixes the element weights to be exchanged to values corresponding to any predetermined one of the antenna elements. 18. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid exchanging part determines the element weights to be exchanged at random. 19. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid exchanging part fixes ranks of the evaluation values corresponding to the weight information including the element weights to be exchanged to a predetermined set of the ranks. 20. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid exchanging part randomly determines ranks of the evaluation values corresponding to the weight information including the element weights to be exchanged. 21. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid exchanging part exchanges either real components or imaginary components of the element weights. 22. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid changing part changes either real components or imaginary components of the element weights with a random number. 23. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid evaluation part calculates the evaluation values of the plurality of pieces of possible weight information in parallel operation. 24. The adaptive array antenna according to claim 1, whereinsaid weight information includes the plurality of element weights corresponding to said array antenna elements and further a rotator for providing a restriction to phase rotation for the plurality of element weights as the element weight, and the evaluation part performs the array combining operation by multiplying said sample data by the possible weight information for each component corresponding to each of said array antenna elements, then multiplying each of multiplication results by the rotator and combining multiplication results. Description
In comparison, LMS requires less amount of operation but with lower accuracy, while RLS requires more amount of operation with higher accuracy. To compare the amounts of operation required for weight renewal processing, assume that the number of antenna elements is 8, and each amount of operation for addition and subtraction for 16 bits is 1. The amounts of operation for 16 bits are 16 for multiplication and 32 (16×2=32) for division. The amounts of operation for the complex number are: 2 for addition and subtraction each; 66 (16+16+1+16+16+1=66) for multiplication; and 132 (66×2=132) for division.
First, for LMS, in the above equations (1), the amounts of operation are 546 (2+(66+2)×8=546) for e(n), 800 ((2+66+16+16)--8=800) for w(n), and 1346 (546+800=1346) in total.
Next, for RLS, in the above equations (2), the amounts of operation are: 5953 (8×8×(66+2)+8×(66+2)+1+8×132=5953) for k(n), 4352 (8×8×66+8×8×2=4352) for P(n), 546 (2+(66+2)×8=546) for e(n), and 544 (8×(66+2)=544) for w(n), and 11395 (546+5953+4352+544=11395) in total.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an adaptive array antenna capable of adaptive control with small amount of operation and high accuracy within a short period of time through the use of a so-called genetic algorithm, in which convergence to solution is faster than in the LMS algorithm.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an adaptive array antenna of one embodiment of the present invention;
In step S520, the evaluation part 101 calculates errors between the absolute values of the real and imaginary parts of the arithmetic value and the real and imaginary parts of two signal point coordinates, cos(π/8)+i×sin(π/8) and sin(π/8)+i×cos(π/8) in the first quadrant in octonary PSK.
That is, I1[k][n] represents the squared error between the absolute value of the real part of the arithmetic value of array combining operation and the real part of the signal point coordinates cos(π/8)+i×sin(π/8). Q2[k][n] represents the squared error between the absolute value of the imaginary part of the arithmetic value and the imaginary part of the same signal point coordinates.
Similarly, I2[k][n] represents the squared error between the absolute value of the real part of the arithmetic value and the real part of the signal point coordinates sin(π/8)+i×cos(π/8), while Q1[k][n] represents the squared error between the absolute value of the imaginary part of the arithmetic value and the imaginary part of the same signal point coordinates.
In the algorithm of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the amounts of operation are: 4 (1×4=4) in the reproduction part; 8 (1×2×4=4) in the changing part; 8 (1×8=8) in the exchanging part; 256 (1(parity check)×16×16=256) in the selection part; 9264 ((66+2)×8+2+33)×16=9264) in the evaluation part, and 9540 (4+8+8+256+9264=9540) in total.
As described above, the reproduction part, the changing part, the exchanging part, the selection part, and the evaluation part in the present invention can perform parallel processing for each of 16 pieces of weight information. In parallel processing, the amounts of operations are: 1 (1×1=1) in the reproduction part; 2 (1×2=2) in the changing part; 1 (1×1=1) in the exchanging part; 16 (1(parity check)×16=16) in the selection part; 579 ((66+2)×8+2+33=579) in the evaluation part; and 599 (1+2+1+16+579=599) in total. Therefore, the algorithm of the present invention allows operation not only faster than RLS, but approximately 2.3 times as fast as LMS.
That is, I1[k][n] represents the squared error between the absolute value of the real part of the arithmetic value of filter operation and the real part of the signal point coordinates cos(π/8)+i×sin(π/8). Q2[k][n] represents the squared error between the absolute value of the imaginary part of the arithmetic value and the imaginary part of the same signal point coordinates.
Although the operation of the evaluation part 101 in QPSK is different from that in octonary PSK in the present embodiment, the operation in QPSK may be equal to that in octonary PSK. As shown in FIG. 2, however, only one signal point is found in the first quadrant in QPSK, and its coordinates are given by sin(π/4)+i×cos(π/4).
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