Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/46/160.024-4
Timestamp: 2018-03-23 01:48:16
Document Index: 88856282

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 160', 'art 160', '§ 160', '§ 160', '§ 159', 'art 160']

46 CFR 160.024-4 - Approval and production tests. | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
CFR › Title 46 › Chapter I › Subchapter Q › Part 160 › Subpart 160.024 › Section 160.024-4
§ 160.024-4 Approval and production tests.
(a)Approval tests. The manufacturer must produce a lot of at least 100 signals from which samples must be taken for testing for approval under § 160.024-7. The approval tests are the operational tests and technical tests in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section. The approval tests must be conducted by an independent laboratory accepted by the Commandant under § 159.010 of this chapter.
(1)Lot size. For the purposes of sampling the production of signals, a lot must consist of not more than 30,000 signals. Lots must be numbered serially by the manufacturer. A new lot must be started with: (i) Any change in construction details, (ii) any change in sources of raw materials, or (iii) the start of production on a new production line or on a previously discontinued production line.
(1)Sampling procedure and accept/reject criteria. A sample of signals must be selected at random from the lot. The size of the sample must be the individual sample size in Table 160.024-4(c)(1) corresponding to the lot size. Each signal in the sample is tested as prescribed in the test procedure in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Each signal that has a defect listed in the table of defects. (Table 160.024-4(c)(2)) is assigned a score (failure percent) in accordance with the table. In the case of multiple defects, only the score having the highest numerical value is assigned to that signal. If the sum of all the failure percents (cumulative failure percent) for the number of units in the sample is less than or equal to the accept criterion, the lot is accepted. If this sum is equal to or more than the reject criterion the lot is rejected. If the cumulative failure percent falls between the accept and reject criteria, another sample is selected from the production lot and the operational tests are repeated. The cumulative failure percent of each sample tested is added to that of the previous samples to obtain the cumulative failure percent for all the signals tested (cumulative sample size). Additional samples are tested and the tests repeated until either the accept or reject criterion for the cumulative sample size is met. If any signal in the sample explodes when fired or ignites in a way that could burn or otherwise injure the person firing it, the lot is rejected without further testing. (This procedure is diagrammed in figure 160.024-4(c).)
(i)Conditioning of test specimens - water resistance. Immerse specimen horizontally with uppermost portion of the signal approximately 25 mm (1 in.) below the surface of the water for a period of 24 hours.
(ii)Firing and operating characteristics. Signals shall fire and operate satisfactorily when shot from a pistol of the type described in subpart 160.028. The parachute and pyrotechnic candle shall be ejected at approximately the maximum altitude reached by the projectile case. The parachute shall open and properly suspend the pyrotechnic candle without fouling. The pyrotechnic candle shall burn with uniform intensity and without damaging the parachute, shrouds, or leader line.
(iii)Altitude. The altitude reached by a signal is considered to be the height at which the parachute and pyrotechnic candle are ejected from the projectile case, as determined by visual observation against an object of known height, such as a tower or balloon, or by triangulation from two or more points of observation, or by other method satisfactory to the Commandant. The altitude reached shall be not less than 45 m (150 ft.).
(iv)Rate of descent. The rate of descent of a signal is considered to be the calculated average rate obtained by dividing the altitude by the time of descent to the surface. The rate of descent shall not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft.) per second.
(v)Burning time. The burning time of the pyrotechnic candle shall be obtained by stop watch measurement from the time distinct, sustained flame is emitted until it ceases. The burning time shall be not less than 30 seconds.
Table 160.024-4(c)(1) - Accept and Reject Criteria for Operational Test Lots.
280 or 8 First 8 ( 2) 400
less. Second 16 100 500
Third 24 200 600
Fourth 32 300 700
Fifth 40 500 800
Sixth 48 700 900
Seventh 56 950 951
281 to 13 First 13 0 400
500. Second 26 100 600
Third 39 300 800
Fourth 52 500 1,000
Fifth 65 700 1,100
Sixth 78 1,000 1,200
Seventh 91 1,350 1,351
501 to 20 First 20 0 500
1,200. Second 40 300 800
Third 60 600 1,000
Fourth 80 800 1,300
Fifth 100 1,100 1,500
Sixth 120 1,400 1,700
Seventh 140 1,850 1,851
1,201 to 32 First 32 100 700
3,200. Second 64 400 1,000
Third 96 800 1,300
Fourth 128 1,200 1,700
Fifth 160 1,700 2,000
Sixth 192 2,100 2,300
Seventh 224 2,550 2,551
More 50 First 50 200 900
than Second 100 700 1,400
3,201. Third 150 1,300 1,900
Fourth 200 1,900 2,500
Fifth 250 2,500 2,900
Sixth 300 3,100 3,300
Seventh 350 3,750 3,751
Table 160.024-4(c)(2)
a. Failure to fire (when attributable to the primer and not to the malfunction of the pistol) 100
b. Failure to eject projectile contents 100
c. Failure to ignite pyrotechnic candle 75
d. Failure of parachute to open completely 75
e. Complete carrying away or destruction of parachute 75
f. Altitude less than 70 pct of that required 100
g. Altitude at least 70 pct but less than 80 pct of that required 75
h. Altitude at least 80 pct but less than 90 pct of that required 50
i. Altitude at least 90 pct but less than 100 pct of that required 25
j. Average rate of descent greater than 4 times maximum permitted 100
k. Average rate of descent less than 4 but greater than 3 times maximum permitted 75
l. Average rate of descent less than 3 but greater than 2 times maximum permitted 50
m. Average rate of descent less than twice but greater than maximum permitted 25
n. Burning time less than 70 pct of that required 100
o. Burning time at least 70 pct but less than 80 pct of that required 75
p. Burning time at least 80 pct but less than 90 pct of that required 50
q. Burning time at least 90 pct but less than 100 pct of that required 25
(1)Luminous intensity. The luminous intensity of each pyrotechnic candle tested shall be measured by a visual photometer or equivalent photometric device while the specimen is supported in a horizontal position and the photometer is at right angles to the axis of the specimen. Visual luminous intensity readings shall be observed and recorded at approximately 5-second intervals during the burning of the specimen. The minimum photometric distance shall be 3 m (10 ft.). Recording photometers shall have a chart speed of at least 10 cm (4 in.) per minute. The luminous intensity of the specimen shall be computed as the arithmetical average of the readings recorded. The average luminous intensity of a specimen shall be not less than 20,000 candela.
(2)Elevated temperature, humidity, and storage. Place specimen in a thermostatically controlled even-temperature oven held at 75 °C. with not less than 90 percent relative humidity for 72 hours. Remove specimen and store at room temperature (20° to 25 °C.) with approximately 65 percent relative humidity for 10 days. If for any reason it is not possible to operate the oven continuously for the 72-hour period, it may be operated at the required temperature and humidity for 8 hours out of each 24 during the 72-hour conditioning period. (Total of 24 hours on and 48 hours off.) The signal shall not ignite or decompose during this conditioning. The signal shall fire and operate satisfactorily following this conditioning.
(3)Spontaneous ignition. Place the specimen in a thermostatically controlled even-temperature oven held at 75 °C. with not more than 10% relative humidity for 48 consecutive hours. The signal shall not ignite or undergo marked decomposition.
(4)Chromaticity. The color of the burning signal must be vivid red as defined by Sections 13 and 14 of the “Color Names Dictionary.” Two identical test plates of white cardboard about 30 cm × 60 cm (12″ × 24″) are used. Except for a negligible amount of stray daylight, the first test plate is illuminated by light from the specimen placed at a distance of about 1.5 cm (5 ft.). The second test plate is illuminated only by light from an incandescent lamp operated at a color temperature close to 2,848° K at a distance of about 30 cm (1 ft.). The first plate is viewed directly, the second through combinations of lovibond red, yellow, and blue glasses selected so as to approximate a chromaticity match. By separating the test plates by a wide unilluminated area (subtending at the observer about 45°), it is possible to make accurate determinations of chromaticity in terms of the 1931 CIE Standard Observer and Coordinate System, in spite of fluctuations in luminous intensity of the specimen by factors as high as 2 or 3. The CIE coordinates are converted to the Munsell notation which is cross-referenced to the color name in Section 13 of the “Color Names Dictionary” (see the discussion in section 10 of “the Universal Color Language”).
[CGD 76-048a, CGD 76-048b, 44 FR 73071, Dec. 17, 1979, as amended by USCG-2014-0668, 79 FR 58285, Sept. 29, 2014]
46 CFR 160.024-3 — Materials, Workmanship, Construction, and Performance Requirements.