Source: http://patents.com/us-9936401.html
Timestamp: 2018-11-16 09:53:42
Document Index: 667976425

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 11', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 03805540', 'Application No. 03805540', 'Application No. 03805540', 'Application No. 03805540', 'Application No. 03805540', 'Application No. 2500710126885', 'Application No. 200710126885', 'Application No. 200710126885', 'Application No. 200710126885', 'Application No. 200710126885', 'Application No. 200710126885', 'Application No. 200710126885', 'Application No. 200710126885', 'Application No. 201010520063', 'Application No. 201010520063', 'Application No. 201010520063', 'Application No. 201210212679', 'Application No. 201210212679', 'Application No. 201210212679', 'Application No. 03713972', 'Application No. 03713972', 'Application No. 03713972', 'Application No. 09007593', 'Application No. 09007593', 'Application No. 09007593', 'Application No. 09007593', 'Application No. 11006456', 'Application No. 11006455', 'Application No. 11006455', 'Application No. 11006455', 'Application No. 1119', 'Application No. 2746', 'Application No. 03713972', 'Application No. 201410498254', 'Application No. 09007593', 'Application No. 11006455', 'Application No. 201410498254', 'Application No. 11006456', 'Application No. 201410524847']

US Patent # 9,936,401. Systems and methods for high rate OFDM communications - Patents.com
United States Patent 9,936,401
Tzannes , et al. April 3, 2018
Tzannes; Marcos C. (Alamo, CA), Lee; Dongjun (San Francisco, CA), Cooklev; Todor (Fort Wayne, IN), Lanzl; Colin (Nashua, NH)
Family ID: 1000003210403
15/253,098
US 20160373945 A1 Dec 22, 2016
14481253 Sep 9, 2014 9450794
14280944 May 19, 2014 9461857
13838289 Mar 15, 2013 8755264
12966246 Dec 13, 2010 8416677
12642495 Dec 18, 2009 7916625
12419166 Apr 6, 2009 7804765
10382921 Mar 7, 2003 7522514
60363218 Mar 8, 2002
Current CPC Class: H04W 24/02 (20130101); H04L 1/1671 (20130101); H04L 5/0055 (20130101); H04L 5/1438 (20130101); H04L 27/2602 (20130101); H04L 27/2607 (20130101); H04L 27/2649 (20130101); H04L 69/24 (20130101); H04W 24/08 (20130101); H04W 28/18 (20130101); H04W 28/22 (20130101); H04W 84/12 (20130101); H04L 1/0028 (20130101); H04W 28/06 (20130101); H04L 5/0094 (20130101); H04L 27/2601 (20130101); H04W 28/04 (20130101)
Current International Class: H04W 24/02 (20090101); H04L 29/06 (20060101); H04L 1/00 (20060101); H04W 28/18 (20090101); H04L 27/26 (20060101); H04L 5/14 (20060101); H04L 1/16 (20060101); H04W 84/12 (20090101); H04W 24/08 (20090101); H04W 28/22 (20090101); H04W 28/06 (20090101); H04W 28/04 (20090101); H04L 5/00 (20060101)
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Primary Examiner: Baig; Adnan
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Vick; Jason H. Sheridan Ross, PC
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/481,253, filed Sep. 9, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,450,794, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/280,944, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,461,857, filed May 19, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/838,289, filed Mar. 15, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,755,264, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/966,246, filed Dec. 13, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,416,677, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/642,495, filed Dec. 18, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,916,625, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/419,166, filed Apr. 6, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,804,765, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/382,921, filed Mar. 7, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,522,514, which claims the benefit of and priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119(e) to U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/363,218, filed Mar. 8, 2002, entitled "High Rate OFDM Communication System and Method for Wireless LAN," each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
1. A transceiver usable for packet communication comprising: a receiver that receives a packet, the packet including a packet header having a signal field, the signal field including: Length information in bytes and Rate information in an OFDM symbol, the Length information and the Rate information being such that the receiver can correctly determine a packet duration, and an indication of a set of communication parameters used for transmission of the packet, and a receiver station identifier; a processor and connected memory that: decode the receiver station identifier to determine whether the receiver is an intended recipient of the packet, and do not decode a remainder of the packet when the receiver determines the receiver is not an intended recipient of the packet, wherein the receiver receives the packet at a first rate using a first cyclic prefix length and a first pilot tone allocation and receives a message comprising communication parameters which include a second cyclic prefix length and a second pilot tone allocation.
2. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the receiver enters a low power mode when the receiver determines the receiver is not the intended recipient of the packet.
3. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the receiver receives another packet at a second rate using the second cyclic prefix length and the second pilot tone allocation.
4. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein a first header field indicates the first cyclic prefix length and the first pilot tone allocation used for communication.
5. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the receiver, using the Rate and Length information, will incorrectly demodulate data symbols of the packet.
6. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the transceiver further includes a transmitter.
7. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the transceiver is or includes one or more of: a wireless transceiver, a wireless IEEE 802.11 station, a wireless IEEE 802.11 access point, a wired transceiver, a DSL modem, an ADSL modem, an xDSL modem, a VDSL modem, a multicarrier transceiver, a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a programmed microprocessor, a microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuit element(s), an ASIC, a digital signal processor, a hard-wired electronic or logic circuit and/or a programmable logic device.
8. The transceiver of claim 1, further comprising a message decoding module that decodes the message.
9. The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the transceiver achieves one or more of: power saving, processing power reduction, a data rate increase, a data rate decrease, a maximization of a data rate, an optimization of a data communication rate, a regulation of a data rate, a performance modification and/or an ability to defer communications.
10. A non-transitory computer-readable information storage media having stored thereon instructions, that when executed by one or more processors in a transceiver, cause to be performed a method for packet communication comprising: receiving, by a receiver, a packet, the packet including a packet header having a signal field, the signal field including: Length information in bytes and Rate information in an OFDM symbol, the Length information and the Rate information being such that the receiver can correctly determine a packet duration, and an indication of a set of communication parameters used for transmission of the packet, and a receiver station identifier; and decoding, by a processor and connected memory, the receiver station identifier to determine whether the receiver is an intended recipient of the packet and not decoding a remainder of the packet when the receiver determines the receiver is not an intended recipient of the packet, wherein the receiver receives the packet at a first rate using a first cyclic prefix length and a first pilot tone allocation and receives a message comprising communication parameters which include a second cyclic prefix length and a second pilot tone allocation.
11. The media of claim 10, wherein the receiver is adapted for entering a low power mode when the receiver determines the receiver is not the intended recipient of the packet.
12. The media of claim 10, wherein the receiver receives another packet at a second rate using the second cyclic prefix length and the second pilot tone allocation.
13. The media of claim 10, wherein a first header field indicates the first cyclic prefix length and the first pilot tone allocation used for communication.
14. The media of claim 10, wherein the receiver, using the Rate and Length information, will incorrectly demodulate data symbols of the packet.
15. The media of claim 10, wherein the transceiver achieves one or more of: power saving, processing power reduction, a data rate increase, a data rate decrease, a maximization of a data rate, an optimization of a data communication rate, a regulation of a data rate, a performance modification and/or an ability to defer communications.
16. The media of claim 10, wherein the transceiver is or includes one or more of: a wireless transceiver, a wireless IEEE 802.11 station, a wireless IEEE 802.11 access point, a wired transceiver, a DSL modem, an ADSL modem, an xDSL modem, a VDSL modem, a multicarrier transceiver, a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a programmed microprocessor, a microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuit element(s), an ASIC, a digital signal processor, a hard-wired electronic or logic circuit and/or a programmable logic device.
17. A method for packet communication by a transceiver comprising: receiving, by a receiver, a packet, the packet including a packet header having a signal field, the signal field including: Length information in bytes and Rate information in an OFDM symbol, the Length information and the Rate information being such that the receiver can correctly determine a packet duration, and an indication of a set of communication parameters used for transmission of the packet, and a receiver station identifier; and decoding, by a processor and connected memory, the receiver station identifier to determine whether the receiver is an intended recipient of the packet and not decoding a remainder of the packet when the receiver determines the receiver is not an intended recipient of the packet, wherein the receiver receives the packet at a first rate using a first cyclic prefix length and a first pilot tone allocation and receives a message comprising communication parameters which include a second cyclic prefix length and a second pilot tone allocation.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the receiver is adapted for entering a low power mode if the receiver determines the receiver is not the intended recipient of the packet.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the transceiver achieves one or more of: power saving, processing power reduction, a data rate increase, a data rate decrease, a maximization of a data rate, an optimization of a data communication rate, a regulation of a data rate, a performance modification and/or an ability to defer communications.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the transceiver is or includes one or more of: a wireless transceiver, a wireless IEEE 802.11 station, a wireless IEEE 802.11 access point, a wired transceiver, a DSL modem, an ADSL modem, an xDSL modem, a VDSL modem, a multicarrier transceiver, a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a programmed microprocessor, a microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuit element(s), an ASIC, a digital signal processor, a hard-wired electronic or logic circuit and/or a programmable logic device.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 DATARATE Coding Rate Bits per Subcarrier (Mbps) (R) (N_BPSC) 6 1/2 1 9 3/4 1 12 1/2 2 18 3/4 2 24 1/2 4 36 3/4 4 48 2/3 6 54 3/4 6
The Bit Allocation Table (BAT)--the bit allocation table in multicarrier modulation systems specify the number of bits modulated on each carrier, which are also referred to as subchannels, subcarriers, tones or bins, in a multicarrier modulation system. The 802.11a/g transceivers use the same number of bits on all subchannels, which is the simplest type of bit allocation table. Since wireless communications experience multipath, the communications channel is not flat in frequency, which means that different subcarriers will have different signal to noise ratios (SNRs). Therefore, in order to achieve a constant bit error rate (BER) on all carriers, a bit allocation table is used so that carriers with a higher SNR modulate more bits than carriers with a lower SNR. This process is often referred to as "bit loading." Bit loading and the use of a bit allocation table has been used in ADSL multicarrier communication systems for years. For example, ITU standards G.992.1 and G.992.2, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, are international ADSL standards that specify communication using bit loading and bit allocation tables. Bit loading also enables using constellation sizes much higher than 64 QAM (6 bit) which is the maximum constellation size of standard 802.11a/g systems. Bit loading constellations that modulate up to 15 bits, or more, can be used, if supported by the channel, thereby achieving significant data rate improvements.
Coded modulation parameters--systems that use coded modulation techniques, such as trellis coded modulation and turbo coded modulation, achieve much higher coding advantages than systems that do not combine modulation and forward error correction encoding. However, coded modulation schemes do not encode all information bits and therefore coded modulation must be combined with bit loading in multipath channels in order to achieve the coding gain benefits.
Variable cyclic prefix length--the cyclic prefix (CP) is used in multicarrier systems to combat multipath. In general, as long as the impulse response of the channel is less than the CP length, there will be no inter-symbol interference (ISI) or inter-channel (ICI) interference due to the channel multipath. However, since the CP is a redundant cyclic extension added to every communication symbol, the CP also results in a data rate loss. The 802.11a/g standards use a fixed CP with a length of 0.8 microseconds, which is 20% of the symbol length. Therefore, the addition of the CP results in a 20% data rate reduction. This is a good tradeoff if the channel is approximately the same length as a CP. However, if the channel is much shorter, e.g., only 0.1 microseconds, then it makes sense to decrease the CP length to 0.1 microseconds in order to get a 19% data rate improvement. Likewise, if the channel is much longer than 0.8 microseconds, the CP should be extended to match the length of the channel because significant levels of ISI and ICI will probably greatly reduce the achievable data rate.
Variable pilot tone allocation--standard 802.11a/g receivers use four fixed pilot tones that are spread across the transmission frequency band. This is necessary in 802.11a/g systems since the transmitter does not know which portions of the frequency bands are in deep nulls due to multipath. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of this invention, the receiver can communicate to the transmitter which carrier should be used for pilot tones. Since the receiver can determine which carriers have a high SNR, the receiver can instruct the transmitter to place pilot tones on those high SNR carriers. In fact, in many cases, a single high SNR carrier is sufficient to be used for all timing recovery requirements thereby allowing the system to transmit data on the three carriers that the 802.11a/g systems use for pilot tones. This also provides a data rate increase when compared to standard 802.11a/g systems.
Alternatively, the communication system may not have any carriers dedicated as pilot tones, i.e., all carriers that are modulated are modulated with information bits. In this case, a carrier that carries information bits may be used to perform "decision-directed" timing recovery algorithms. For example, a carrier that is used for this type of decision-directed algorithm will often carry fewer bits than actually possible at the specified BER in order to provide a reference signal with a high SNR.
Fine gains per carrier--Fine gains are used in ADSL standards such as G.992.1 to equalize the BER across all the carriers when bit loading is used. Fine gains are small adjustments in the transmit power level that enable a subchannel to achieve the BER required by the system based on the specific measure of SNR.
The station 520, in cooperation with the ER detection module 640, detects the ER-enable bit in the packet sent from the access point 540, and determines that the packet is an ER packet and, with the cooperation of the STA ID de/encoder 650, decodes the RX STA ID bits in the extended header field and determines that the received packet is not intended for this particular station. The station 520 then sets the NAV, and related counters, based on the "spoofed" RATE, LENGTH information contained in the SIGNAL Field, as discussed below.
The legacy station 530 sets the NAV, and related counters, based on the "spoofed" RATE/LENGTH information contained in the SIGNAL Field as discussed below allowing correct legacy operation of the 802.11a medium occupancy algorithms. Using the spoofed RATE and LENGTH information, the legacy station 530 will incorrectly demodulate the data symbols, since the station does not know the optimized communication parameters, until eventually a CRC error will cause the packet to be ignored.
The station 510 detects the ER-enable bit, with the cooperation of the ER detection module, determines this is an ER packet and decodes, with the cooperation of the STA ID de/encoder 650, the RX ST ID bits in the extended header field to determine that the packet is not intended for itself. The station 510 then sets the NAV, and related counters, based on the "spoofed" RATE, LENGTH information contained in the SIGNAL Field as discussed below. Since the station 510 knows that this packet is not intended for itself, the station 510 does not even have to decode the packet. An additional benefit of this method is that when this happens, a station can detect very early that it is not the intended recipient of the packet and therefore the station does not need to decode the remainder of the packet. This will save, for example, power in the station since the station will not consume the processing power to decode the remainder of the packet and therefore the station may, for example, go into the low power mode.
When a legacy station receives an ER packet, such as in communication paths 3 and 6, the legacy station must be able to determine the duration of the packet, i.e., the time required for packet transmission, based on the standard 802.11a header contained in the first symbol of the ER packet header, which every station can correctly decode. Thus, for the legacy station, R1-R4 bits, which do not have any meaning to the ER-capable RX STA, must be set to one of the legitimate patterns used in the 802.11a standard, shown in Table 1. Additionally, the LENGTH field must be filled in conjunction with the RATE field in a way that the required time for packet transmission that the legacy RX STA would calculate based on the "spoofed" RATE and LENGTH parameters would coincide with the one that is needed by the ER RX STA using optimized communication parameters. This will guarantee that the legacy station will correctly set its network allocation vector (NAV) and other related counters so the accurate operation of the contention algorithm for the medium access will be maintained.
A ER-capable RX STA will also exploit the spoofed RATE, LENGTH information shown in the SIGNAL field when the packet is not intended for its reception, such as in cases 2 and 5. Once the ER-capable RX STA recognizes that the reserved bit R is turned on, the ER-capable RX STA examines the extended SIGNAL symbol and, based on the RX STA ID, determines that this packet is not intended for itself. Based on the `spoofed` RATE and LENGTH information in the SIGNAL Field, the RX STA sets the counters related with virtual carrier sense algorithm in exactly the same manner as the legacy station and may then enter the power saving mode.
Moreover, the disclosed methods can also be readily implemented in software, stored on an information storage media or computer-readable storage medium, such as a hard drive, memory or optical, magnet or magneto-optic disc, executed on programmed general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a microprocessor, or the like. In these instances, the systems and methods of this invention can be implemented as program embedded on personal computer such as JAVA.RTM. or CGI script, as a resource residing on a server or graphics workstation, as a routine embedded in a dedicated communication system, or the like. The communication system can also be implemented by physically incorporating the system and method into a software and/or hardware system, such as the hardware and software systems of a communications transceiver.
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