Source: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v2_cou_pe_rule14
Timestamp: 2020-07-11 19:54:22
Document Index: 689388260

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 21', '§ 29', '§ 27', '§ 172', '§ 22', '§ 28', '§ 11', '§ 114']

Peru’s IHL Manual (2004) states: “The Principle of Proportionality establishes that the use of methods and means of warfare must not be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.”
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 21; see also §§ 29.i.(1) and 75.c.
The manual further states: “The rule of proportionality must be respected. According to this rule, all unnecessary suffering and damage must be avoided. It also prohibits all forms of violence that are not absolutely necessary to make the enemy submit.”
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 27.a.(4).
The manual also states: “Attacks are considered to be indiscriminate … if they violate the rule of proportionality.”
In the immediate vicinity of the operations of the land forces, the bombardment of cities, towns, villages, habitations and buildings is legitimate, provided there is a reasonable presumption that the military concentration is important enough to justify the bombardment, taking into account the danger to which the civil population will be exposed.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 172.f.
Peru’s IHL and Human Rights Manual (2010) states: “The Principle of Proportionality establishes that the use of methods and means of warfare must not be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.”
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 22 p. 224.
The manual also states: “The rule of proportionality must be respected, according to which unnecessary suffering and damage must be avoided. It also prohibits all forms of violence that are not absolutely necessary to make the enemy submit.”
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 28(4), p. 237.
In its Glossary of Terms, the manual also states: “Proportionality. The term defines the principle designed to limit the harm caused by military operations. Proportionality requires that the effect of the means and methods of warfare employed not be disproportionate in relation to the military advantage sought.”
In a section entitled “Armed conflicts and the right to legitimate defence”, the manual further states:
The principles of Military Necessity and Proportionality apply to all armed conflicts and require that the use of force by the State, if not prohibited in any other way by International Humanitarian Law, does not exceed in terms of intensity or in terms of the means employed what is necessary to repel an armed attack against the State and to re-establish its security.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 11(b), p. 304; see also § 114(b), p. 305.
3. Directs an attack by any means in the knowledge that such an attack will cause incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects which would be excessive in relation to the concrete military advantage anticipated.
Peru, Code of Military and Police Justice, 2006, Article 95(3).
For the purposes of the present decree, the following terms are defined as:
b. Incidental (collateral) damage: Unintentional consequence of military operations which may result in harming civilians or damaging civilian objects and whose qualification as excessive can be determined by assessing military necessity and proportionality in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.
Peru, Decree on the Use of Force by the Armed Forces, 2010, Article 3(b).
The Decree also states:
The following principles are recognized by the norms of international humanitarian law as applying before, during and after the use of force:
e. Proportionality … authorizes a military operation when it is foreseeable that it will not cause incidental injury to the civilian population or incidental damage to civilian objects that would be excessive in relation to the anticipated concrete military advantage.
Peru, Decree on the Use of Force by the Armed Forces, 2010, Article 7(e).
3. Carries out an attack by any means and in a way which may surely be expected to cause incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects that is disproportionate to the concrete military advantage anticipated.
Peru, Military and Police Criminal Code, 2010, Article 91(3).