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Timestamp: 2018-09-25 08:57:08
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Draft. National emission reduction plan of major pollutants from the large combustion plants - PDF
Draft. National emission reduction plan of major pollutants from the large combustion plants
Download "Draft. National emission reduction plan of major pollutants from the large combustion plants"
Евгений Мартынский
1 Draft National emission reduction plan of major pollutants from the large combustion plants Kyiv, 2730 June October 2014
3 Contents Ukraine National emission reduction plan 1 The purpose of the document 4 2 The scope of application of the NERP Plants that can participate in NERP Plants that can not apply for participation in NERP Combustion plants not covered in 2.1 and Rules limiting the total emissions values 7 Formatted: Font color: Auto, English (United States), Pattern: Clear (White) 4 Plants operation during action of NERP 10 5 Estimated emissions and reporting on NERP Evaluation and monitoring of emissions limits Changes to NERP Reporting to the Energy Community Treaty 12 6 List of measures to be applied in order to ensure the NERP execution 13 7 Total emission ceilings, and the means of achieving the objectives as set out in the NERP 14 8 Funding measures to reduce emissions of pollutants from large combustion plants 15 Formatted: Font: 10 pt Formatted: French (France) 98 Annexes to NERP 165 3
4 1. The purpose of the document This paper outlines the National emission reduction plan of major pollutants from the large combustion plants (hereinafter - NERP) to reduce emissions from large combustion plants with a rated thermal input of 50 MW or more, which were granted permission for emissions prior to 31/12/2015. For each combustion plant included in the NERP, this document specifies the timing to achieve requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU 1 for the following pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and dust (substances in the form of suspended solids, undifferentiated by their composition). For operators that operate combustion plant and their groups, the NERP includes limits of the overall annual emissions of at least one of the following pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and dust. The current state of existing combustion plants equipment and limited financial resources of the Ukrainian power sector will not allow Ukraine to meet the requirements of Directive 2001/80/EC before the deadline In accordance with Item 11 of the Conclusions of the Ministerial Council of the Energy Community of at the request of Ukraine,the Council of Ministers will seek to review a decision based on Article 24 of the Energy Community Treaty and take into account the specific situation of the Contracting Party concerning the implementation of the acquis communautaires to reduce emissions from existing large combustion plants." This document should present the intentions of Ukraine to reduce emissions of large combustion plants to justify its request to expand the flexibility within the Energy Community. Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions 3 (Directive 2010/75/EU) introduces a number of very significant changes to the current EU legislation on integrated environmental protection and reduction of pollution. One of thethe most significant changes include substantial stricter limit values enhancement of the requirements regarding emission limit values of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust generated by the combustion plants 4. According to Directive 2010/75/EU, starting from 1 January 2016 in the EU, demands a especially stringent were increased on emission limit values that should be followed, both for Formatted: Polish (Poland) Formatted: Polish (Poland) Formatted: Polish (Poland) Formatted: Polish (Poland) Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Superscript/ Subscript, Not Highlight, Not Superscript/ Subscript, Not Superscript/ Subscript, Not Superscript/ Subscript, Not Superscript/ Subscript, Not Superscript/ Subscript 1 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (OJ L 334, , p. 17). 2 Decision of the Ministerial Council of the Energy Community. ol 24 October 2013 D/2013/05/MG-EnC 3 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (OJ L 334, , p. 17). 4 Combustion plant means any technical apparatus in which fuels are oxidised in order to use the heat thus generated (Article 3(25) of Directive 2010/75/EU). 4
5 existing new combustion plants 5 and new combustion plants, with requirements for new combustion plants those requirements being particularly stringent. A large proportion of existing combustion plants can not meet the limit emission values specified in Directive 2001/80/EC and Directive 2010/75/EU. Such plants (without development and implementation of the NERP withe the appropriate derogation mechanism) should be closed because of their failure to comply with environmental law. This, in turn, would mean reducing the current power output and reduction of energy and heat production. Therefore, the time limit of their operation is set in the period of the derogation mechanism action. The possibility to broadly use the mechanism of derogation from the requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU is extremely important for Ukraine in terms of security of supply. Participation in NERP is voluntary. The NERP includes combustion plant operators which have decided to participate in this derogation mechanism from the immediate fulfillment of the requirements on limit emission values as specified in Directive 2010/75/EU. On the other hand, Directive 2010/75/EU adopted the mechanism, by which the possibility is provided to combustion plants to use derogation that allows their deferring from the obligation to implement new requirements on emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust emissions. According to these principles, the existing combustion plants are provided with opportunity, in course of the definite period of time, to raise investments, directed on adaptation to the technical requirements, which increased so significantly (e.g., the time required for the construction of DeSOx and DeNOx equipment). Another rationale for the mechanism of derogation is to enjoy by existing installation a temporary exemption from having obligation to comply with new emission requirements, in cases where additional upgrade of installation is not feasible (e.g., having in view the plants decommissioning). Ukraine became the member of the Energy Community Treaty as of 01/02/2011, which encourages the country to fulfill the requirements for combustion plants regulated by statements of Directive 2001/80/EC, starting from 31/12/2017. However, the current state of existing combustion plants equipment and limited financial resources of the Ukrainian power sector will not allow Ukraine to meet the requirements of Directive 2001/80/EC before the deadline, not even talking about the implementation of Directive 2010/75 before 31/12/2015. Therefore, following the principles of Directive 2010/75/EU, in accordance with the terms of 5 Directive 2010/75 / EU does not define the terms "new plant" or "existing plant", however, it makes a clear distinction between the two categories of plants in accordance with the date on which the permit was issued to them in Article 30. The first category of plants is subject to implementation of limit emission values in Part 1 of Annex V to Directive 2010/75 / EU and the second one is the subject of more stringent Part 2 of that Annex. The date of distinction between the plants, subject to Part 2 (to which more stringent emission limit values are applied) and the plants, subject to Part 1 (which enables to implement less stringent emission limit values) is thus the 7 January 2013, when they become new plants.the concepts of an existing and a new combustion plant are not legal concepts in the light of Directive 2010/75/EU. The existing combustion plants may be considered those combustion plants for which an emission permit was granted before 31 December The plants for which an emission permit was granted or which were put into operation after those dates, shall be the new plants. 5
6 Article 32 of the Directive it will be allowed for existing combustion plants in Ukraine to work with a derogation from the emission requirements set out in Part 1 of Annex V to Directive 2010/75/EU, between January 1, 2020, to comply with the time specified by this Directive no later than 31 December A large proportion of existing combustion plants can not meet the value of emission standards specified in Directive 2010/75/EU. Such plants (without implementation of the derogation mechanism) should be closed because of their failure to comply with emission standards. This, in turn, would mean reducing the current (electric and thermal) power output and reduction of energy production. Therefore, the time limit of their operation is set in the period of the derogation mechanism action. Possibility to use mechanism of derogation from the requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU is extremely important not only in terms of taking into account the interests of operators of equipment, but also in terms of security of supply. The NERP for Ukraine shall take effect on January 1, 2018 and is valid until December 31, Plants included in the NERP shall provide linear decrease in gross pollutant emissions from all combustion plants Ukraine each year, beginning on January 1, 2018 until December 31, 2033 during the term of the NERP and fulfill obligations to comply with the limit emission values under Directive 2010/75 / EU after the timing defined in the plan. The combustion plant must be able to operate during the NERP term until the specified period, complying with the limit emission values under Directive 2010/75 / EU under the permit, valid for December 31, Upon termination of the NERP period, the combustion plants that used the effect of this mechanism must comply with the emission limit values set out in Directive 2010/75 / EU.This document is a national plan to reduce emissions of major pollutants from large combustion plants (hereinafter - NERP), and concerns emission reduction targets for existing combustion plants with a rated thermal input of 50 MW or more, which were granted permission for emissions before 31/12/2015. For each combustion plant included in NERP, this document specifies the timing to achieve requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU for the following pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and dust. For operators that operate combustion plant and their groups, NERP includes limits of the overall annual emissions of at least one of the following pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and dust. National emissions reduction plan (or Transitional national plan) is a flexible mechanism that makes it possible to delay the need to enforce existing combustion plants to fulfill the emission limit values of SO2, NOx and dust under Directive 2010/75/EU specified in Part 1 of Annex V thereto. 6
7 Participation in NERP is voluntary and is a subject to the conditions as specified in Directive 2010/75/EU and in Commission s Decision 2012/115/EU of 10 February 2012 concerning NERP 6 (Decision). NERP includes combustion plant operators which have decided to participate in this derogation mechanism from the immediate fulfillment of the requirements on emissions limit values. Rules of participation in NERP further described herein. National emissions reduction plan shall enter into force on 1 January 2016 and is valid until December 31, Units included in NERP should provide in aggregate a linear decrease in gross emissions of pollutant(s) from all combustion plants in Ukraine every year starting from 01/01/2020 until 31/12/2033, during the term of the plan, and to fulfill obligations to comply with the emission limit values as stated in Directive 2010/75/EU in terms defined by the Plan. Combustion plant must have a possibility to work during the term of NERP to a certain time in compliance with the emission limit values stated in a permit issued on 31 December Upon termination of NERP, combustion plants, which used the application of this derogation mechanism, have to comply with the emission standards on general principles referred to in Directive 2010/75/EU. 2. The scope of application of the NERP application The basis for the development of NERP principles is governed by Article 32 of Directive 2010/75/EU and Decision 2012/115/EU Plants that can participate in NERP Below the basic rules on the conditions for participation in the NERP are presented. Formatted: Font: Bold Formatted: Font: Bold In NERP, the following combustion plants canould participate: existing plants with the installed thermal capacity of at least 50 MW which were granted with the permit on emissions before 31 December In addition, in accordance with Article 29 of Directive 2010/75/EU, in NERP may participate only combustion plants in general, whose boilers are connected to common stack, or all boilers in accordance with Article 29 (2) of the Directive. 6 Commission Implementing Decision (2012/115/EU) of 10 February 2012 laying down rules concerning the transitional national plans referred to in Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions (OJ L 52, , p. 12). 7 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 10 February 2012 laying down rules concerning the transitional national plans referred to in Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions Decision 2012/115/EU (OJ L 52/12, ). 7
8 When preparing this document, a common stack approach as used in accordance with the provisions of Directive 2001/80/EC and Directive 2010/75/EUCombustion plants can apply to participate in NERP according to the interpretation of Article 3 (25) and Article 29 of Directive 2010/75/EU. For example, when a group of boilers that forms a combustion plant, in accordance with the provisions of Directive 2010/75/EU, discharge flue gas into the atmosphere through a common stack, the submittalapplication for participation may cover the whole combustion plant (the whole group of boilers). 2.2 Plants that can not apply for participation in NERP Plants that use the derogation from the requirements due to the limitation of the term of service (Article 33 of Directive 2010/75 / EU), i.e. those plants for which the operator agrees, in a written declaration submitted to the competent authority no later than the 31 December 2015, not to operate the plant over 40,000 operating hours, starting from the 1 January 2018 but not later than the 31 December Combustion plants belonging to one of five groups of plants referred to in 2 nd paragraph of Article 32 (1) of Directive 2010/75/EU and Decision 2012/115/EU, namely: 1. Plants that use the derogation from the requirements due to the limitation of the term of service (Article 33 of Directive 2010/75/EU), i.e. those plants for which: a) combustion plant whose operator in a written declaration submitted at the latest by 1 January 2016 to the competent authority notifies the termination of operation of the plant after maximum 40,000 hours, starting from 1 January 2020 and ending no later than December 31, 2033, b) combustion plant operator will present each year to the competent authority records on working hours from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2033, 2.3. Combustion plants not covered in 2.1 and 2.2 Combustion plants not covered in 2.1 and 2.2, must comply with the emission limit values in accordance with Directive 2010/75 / EU, starting on January 1, The new plants must comply with the requirements of Chapter III and Annex V of Directive 2010/75 / EU, starting on January 1, 2018 Formatted: Polish (Poland) Formatted: Polish (Poland) Formatted: Polish (Poland) Formatted: Polish (Poland) Formatted: Polish (Poland) c) emission limit values of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust, as set out in the resolution on the combustion plant applicable on 31 December 2015, respectively, are observed at least for the lifetime remaining for combustion plants. 2. Combustion plants operating within refineries firing low calorific gases from the gasification of refinery residues or the distillation and conversion residues from the refining of crude oil for own consumption, alone or with other fuels; 8
9 3. Also, plants which are not operated by a refinery operator, but are located within the refinery and use the above-mentioned fuels. 4. Combustion plants for which Article 35 applies of Directive 2010/75/EU, which simultaneously fulfill the following conditions: a) total nominal heat output is not exceeding 200 MW; b) permit on emissions is issued before 31 December 2015; c) at least 50% of the plants useful heat, as a moving average over a period of 5 years, comes in the form of steam or hot water to the public network for district heating; and d) the emission limit values of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust laid down in the permit applicable at 31 December 2015 are kept up to a certain time, when the combustion plant reaches requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU, but not later than 31 December Combustion plants which were granted an exemption from fulfilling the requirements referred to in Article 32 of Directive 2010/75/EU, for a period of hours, starting from 01/01/2020 and ending at 12/31/2033. This applies to plants that were commissioned before 31 December They are not required to meet the requirements of Directive 2001/80/EC for a period of 40,000 hours. At the end of this period, these combustion plants should be decommissioned Combustion plants not covered in 2.1 and 2.2 Combustion plants not covered in 2.1 and 2.2, including new plants, shall comply with the requirements of Directive 2010/75 on 31/12/ Rules limiting the total emissions values Formatted: Font color: Auto, English (United States), Pattern: Clear (White) Total emissions limit values are set out in accordance with the principles and provisions of Directive 2010/75/EU determined based on the average number of flue gas emissions during years , multiplied by the appropriate emission limit values. For 2020 emission standard limit is calculated in accordance with Annex C, which is included in the Annex to Decision 2012/115/EU. For 2033 emission standard limit is calculated in accordance with Appendix D, which is included in the Annex to Decision 2012/115/EU. Limit values for 2023, 2026, 2029 and 2032 should be set out so as to provide a linear reduction of total emissions between 2020 and 2033 for operators and their groups. Emission limit values for each operator or their groups are given in Appendix 2. Limit value for each operator contributes to the overall emissions limit for all group NERP members (Table 1). 9
10 Combustion plant may participate in NERP for the following pollutants: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust. For the purpose of calculating the limit values of total emissions for the period , for energy companies limit the amount of emissions from combustion plant was laid out according to the type of fuel and thermal input rate of combustion plants as of 31 December 2012, the combined aggregate per one stack through to which these boilers discharge the flue gases. Limit load reductions for individual combustion plants should be set based on multiplying the average number of flue gases and the accepted norms of emission limits. In addition, the following assumptions are made: Average number of flue gas from a source refers to the work during the period ; for the period from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2033 an average flow of flue gases should be taken into consideration. Emission limit value for the purposes of calculating the ceiling in 2020 must be introduced in accordance with Annex C, which is included in the Annex to Decision 2012/115/EU. Emission limit values for the purpose of calculating the limits in the year 2033 must be introduced in accordance with Appendix D, which is included in the Annex to Decision 2012/115/EU. Emission limit values for should be set so as to provide a linear reduction between and Emission levels for 2020 and 2033 is calculated as follows: Emissions ceiling limit (Mg/year) = the average generation of flue gas (nm 3 /year) x emission limit values (mg/nm 3 )/10 9 At the stage of calculating ceilings of emissions for the NERP purposes, total thermal input rate of the combustion plant should be taken into account. For plants that burn several types of fuel, emission rates are calculated by summing the standards (norms) for these fuels, multiplied by a weighting factor based on the maximum contribution of thermal power for the fuel to the total thermal input rate of combustion plant. For each type of fuel, the rate is calculated by setting the total thermal capacity of the entire combustion plant. For the purpose of calculation, into account should be taken the average (mean) amount of fuel in for a given plant. For the purpose of calculations, light-up fuel should not be taken into account. 10
11 Consumption of the flue gas is calculated using the method based on data on the weight of the fuel burned and its calorific value. After the calculation of flue gas generated per unit of the chemical energy, contained in fuel, for each source the specified volume of flue gas emitted should be indicated. Average generation of flue gas (nm 3 /year) = M fuel (Mg/year) x W cf (GJ/Mg) x V fg (nm 3 /GJ) where: M fuel (Mg/year) is the average (mean) amount of fuel burned during ; W cf (GJ/Mg) is the average heating value during ; V fg (nm 3 /GJ) - the values of specific volume of flue gas (nm 3 /GJ). The average amount of fuel used is calculated as the sum of the annual amounts of this type of fuel used, divided by the number of years considered. Due to the similar chemical composition and heating value of fuel combusted in the following sources were standardized indicators rated to the values for the volume of flue gas (V fg ), which were taken to be as follows: nm 3 /GJ for coal, nm 3 /GJ for lignite, biomass, coal fines and other solid fuels with a calorific value less than 16,000 kj/kg; nm 3 /GJ for liquid and gaseous fuels nm 3 /GJ for natural gas in gas turbines nm 3 /GJ for gas after the steel furnaces and blast furnace gas. For plants burning multiple fuels, flue gas volumes for individual fuels should be combined. 3. Approach to determining emission volumes in Possible specific fuel consumption (b) were determined for every 1 kwh of electricity released in It was assumed that for new coal-fired thermal power plants, it will be 330 g/kwh, and for the existing renovated ones : 370 g/kwh. 2. The heat of fuel combustion (LHV) is assumed to be 5500 kcal/kg (23.03 MJ/kg). 3. The specific volume of dry flue gas (FG) Vfg is 8,405 m3/kg coal. The specific volume of 11 Formatted: Font color: Auto, English (United States), Pattern: Clear (White)
12 dry FG is calculated as Vfg (m 3 /kg) = LHV (MJ/kg) х (stat. coefficient) (m 3 /kg) 4. The emission limit values (ELV) for sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the year 2033 in coalfired new combustion plants will be 150 mg/m3 and in the reconstructed ones: 200 mg / m3. The dust emission limit values for new combustion plants will be 10 mg/m3, and for reconstructed ones ; 20 mg/m3. 5. The specific mass emissions of pollutant b (pol) b(pol) (g/kg) = ELV (mg/m 3 ) х Vfg (m 3 /kg) / The specific fuel consumption for 1 kwh released b(nat) is determined as b(nat) (kg/kwh) = b (kg/kwh) х 29,31 (MJ/kg) / LHV (LJ/kg) 7. The specific pollutant emission for 1 kwh released b(p): b(p) (g/kwh) = b(pol) (item 5) х b(nat) (item 6). The value of the specific emissions per 1 kwh of electricity released for the existing combustion plants under Directive 2010/75 / EU in the year 2033 is given in Table 1. Table 1. Specific emissions of pollutants, g/kwh Fuel Heat capacity, MW Pollutant Emission limit value, mg/nm3 Specific emission Coal SOx 400 1, ,2 > ,8 Coal NOx 300 1,2 > ,8 Coal Dust 30 0, ,05 > ,04 Natural gas > 50 NOx 100 0,4 Liquid fuel SO > Liquid fuel NOx 450 1, ,8 > Рідке паливо Пил 30 0, ,05 > ,04 Formatted: Russian (Russia) Formatted: Font: Bold Formatted: French (France) Formatted: French (France) Formatted: French (France) 12
13 8. By multiplying the corresponding values of specific emissions (Table 1) by the volume of electricity supply given in Appendix 1, we obtain the value of gross emissions from thermal power plants, which are presented in the Table in Annex 3 to the draft NERP. For the CHP, which simultaneously release electrical and thermal energy, the value of specific pollutant emissions (g / kwh of electricity released) must be multiplied by 1.5. The combustion plants included in the NERP must ensure linear decrease in total gross pollutant emissions from large combustion plants Ukraine each year, starting on January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2033 during the NERP term and for compliance with the obligations of emission limit values as defined in Directive 2010/75 / EC within the terms stated in the Plan. Formatted: Font: Not Bold, English (United States) Formatted: Font: Not Bold, English (United States) Formatted: Font: Not Bold, English (United States) 4. Plants operation during action of NERP Combustion plants covered by NERP should not follow obligation to observe the emission limit values during the period , laid down in Directive 2001/80/EC and Directive 2010/75/EU (Part I of Schedule Annex V). These plants must comply with the emission limit values of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and dust laid down in the permit for emissions, which is valid until December 31, In addition, the plants have to ensure the compliance with the maximum annual gross emissions (SO 2, NOx and dust) at the national level in accordance with the limits established in the NERP for at all combustion plants of Ukraine in aggregate, as discussed in NERP, by the implementation period (2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032 and 2033). The rules that establish a basis for developing NERP and conditions for participation therein do not imply any restrictions on plants which were granted with permit on derogation from the requirements. Thus, the position was adopted, making the use of certain deviations arising from the Treaty of Accession 8 which does not exclude the possibility of participating in NERP, even where deviations from the Contract shall apply to nitrogen oxides. In this case, to establish emission standards can be guided by the rule, according to which the use of derogation under this Agreement shall not deteriorate the legal status of a legal entity from the use of derogation from the Treaty concerning the possibility of using flexible instruments provided for by Directive 2010/75/EU. 8 Treaty of Accession of 16 April 2003 (OJ L 236, , p. 17). 13
14 Participation in NERP does not require termination of the plant operation after the NERP implementation term if this plant is brought in31 December 2033, or its re-registration and compliance with requirements of Directive 2010/75/EUgulations, such as those used for the new plants as specified in Part II of Annex V of Directive 2010/75/EU. 5. Estimated emissions and reporting on NERP Formatted: Font color: Auto, English (United States), Pattern: Clear (White) 5.1 Evaluation and monitoring of emissions limits According to the principles of Article 41 of Directive 2010/75/EU relevant rules of implementation should be adopted, i.e. the principles of Decision 2012/115/EU concerning the transitional national plans, including rules of setting emission limits and appropriate monitoring and reporting. Basing on the analysis of these policies and the requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU, estimation of the emissions should be acceptable for a wider group of entities involved in NERP. In absence of the detailed rules in Directive 2010/75/EU and Decision 2012/115/EU, assessment principles, rules and scope of evaluation shall be governed by the relevant rules of domestic national law. In light of these rules: Accounting of annual emissions of pollutants shall be performed in accordance with the calculation of the limit of total emissions. The volume of emissions is calculated based on the amount of burned fuel, quantity of flue gases emitted, calculated on the basis of the same factors as for the calculation of limiting emissions and establishing actual average concentrations of emissions. Moreover, the actual concentration are determined for: plants with continuous control of emissions based on monthly average concentrations, averaged for one year, plants without constant monitoring, from periodic measurements. for the metering of emissions, all primary fuels burned by the plant must be taken into account in a given year. The volume of burned fuel is determined on the basis of reports on fuel consumption, and its quality is determined on the basis of reports of CO2 emissions in this financial year. scope of fuel burned is based on reports of CO 2 emissions in a given year. Accounting of the gross emissions of pollutants from the large combustion plants in the current year is performed according to the state accounting form 2ТП air. Formatted: Indent: Left: 0 cm Additional (supporting) fuel is not taken into account for accounting scope of emissions. Emissions ceiling and actual emissions are determined with an accuracy of 0.01 mg. 14
15 Verification of the amount of emissions is carried out each year during the term of NERP, by comparing reports of emissions from combustion plants of the operator or of a group of operators, based on the ceiling for emissions for the operator or the group of operators. In order to fulfill its obligations under limitation of total emissions, operators, or their group, during the year may exchange the amount of emissions between each other, subject that the national gross emission level, as set out in NERP is not exceeded. It is not allowed to transfer part of the scope of emissions for the next reporting year, or earlier use in reporting years to further use in subsequent years. Failure to comply with requirements for emissions ceiling in the base year should be penalized, or administrative sanctions should be provided in the case of such violation. 5.2 Changes to NERP The suspension or closing of the operation of the plant, which is covered by NERP or exclusion of such a plant by the requirements of the principles of Directive 2010/75/EU, does not provide for an increase in the total annual gross emissions. In this case, an updated list of the plants involved in NERP is necessary, as well as the updated data on limit values of all pollutants. In the event of termination of operation of the combustion plant or boiler of the combustion plant, correction of emissions ceiling should be performed, registered for this combustion plant within the power company. Application of the combustion plant operator for inclusion in the NERP shall not exclude the possibility possibility of removing from the list after installation settings after submission of the basic conditions for the use of mechanisms of derogation of the requirements. Thus, combustion plants should be excluded from the NERP after the competent authority has been notified by the combustion plant operator about the decision. The decision to use alternative mechanisms regarding the NERP derogation can be taken during a period when NPSV is evaluated of the Energy Community Secretariat, ie until the end of derogation from the requirements under NERP should not preclude the possibility of extraction procedures for the plants, as set out in Article 33 or Article 35 of Directive 2010/75/EU, after the submittal of the general conditions for the use of these mechanisms on the derogation. Combustion plants in this case should be excluded from NERP, after the competent authority has been notified by the operator of the plant on its decision on derogation, as stated in Article 33 or Article 35 of Directive 2010/75/EU. The decision to use by the operator of the combustion plant any alternative mechanism of derogation from NERP can be taken at a time when NERP is subjected for assessment of the Energy Community Secretariat. 15
16 In the period of NERP action, combustion plant may be excluded from NERP by the decision of the operator. Readiness to refuse from participation in NERP should be reported to the Ministry of Environment before 01 June of the year preceding the year of the when the plant does not wish to participate in NERP. Exiting the NERP means that the operation of the plant will be in accordance with the principles of the Directive 2010/75/EU, without any derogation. This plant shall be required to comply with the emission limit values in accordance with Part 1 of Annex V of Directive 2010/75/EU. The plant, which was excluded from NERP by decision of operator, or some other reason, may not re-join the NERP. Data on emissions limit values fro the operatorsing ceilings by energy companies, lists of combustion plants involved in NERP, as well as data on the operator of combustion plants, Is a subject for annual renewal. Change of the operator of any combustion plant which participates in NERP does not release a new owner from the obligations to obey NERP for this combustion plant 5.3 Reporting to the Energy Community Treaty It is planned to draw up an annual report on implementation of the NERP and to send it to the Energy Community Treaty within 12 months of the end of the year covered by the report. The report will contain: Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Not Italic a list of the participating plants; a comparison between the emission ceilings and actual emissions for the year; a description of any penalties imposed on plants that failed to comply with their obligations; a description of any investments made in flue gas cleaning equipment in the participating plants; a list of the plants excluded from the NERP and the reasons for exclusion; a list of updated technical data and ceilings for plants remaining in the NERP; a summary. 6. List of measures to be applied in order to ensure the NERP execution After the NERP term implementation is finished, From 31 December 2033,combustion plants participating in the NERP will have to comply with the standards laid down in Annex V to Directive 2010/75/EU. These standards will be transposed into Ukrainian law by means of an amendment to the provisions on emission standards for large combustion plants. These provisions will lay down: 16
17 1. Standards for emissions into the air from plants of gases or dust, differing according to the type of activity, the technological process or technical operation, the date of entry into operation of the plant, the date of closure or the further total period of operation. 2. Situations justifying transitional derogations from the standards and the limits on derogations. 3. Conditions for emission standards to be deemed to have been met. 4. Requirements concerning the use of specific technical solutions to ensure that emissions are reduced. 5. Procedures in the event of disruption in technological processes or technical operations relating to the running of the installation. 6. Types of disruption requiring the installation to be shut down. 7. Preventive measures to be taken by the installation operator. 8. Cases in which the installation operator should inform the provincial environmental protection inspector of disruptions, the deadline for such notification and the form it must take. While the NERP is in force and after it has come to an end, the participating combustion plants will be required to comply with all other provisions of Ukrainian law, in particular those laid down in the Environmental Protection Act of Ukraine and its implementing regulations. Such plants will also be required to comply with the operating conditions laid down in the permits. In accordance with these provisions, the integrated permits will have to include detailed operating conditions for each plant participating in the NERP. The Environmental Protection Act lays down detailed rules on the liability of installation operators who fail to comply with the integrated permit conditions. Such plants will also be required to comply with the operating conditions laid down in the emission permits. In accordance with these provisions, the emission permits will have to include detailed operating conditions for each plant participating in the NERP. The Environmental Protection Act lays down detailed rules on the liability of plant operators who fail to comply with the emission permit conditions. Any party operating the plant that requires an emission permit must comply not only with the emission requirements laid down therein and environmental protection requirements based on best available techniques, as well as environmental quality standards but also the emission standards laid down in the applicable provisions on installation emission standards. These requirements will thus also have to be met by plants participating in the NERP. The applicable provisions include specific rules on liability in the event of failure to comply with the environmental protection requirements. There are three different types of liability civil, criminal and administrative. The forms of liability in this field are set out in particular in the Environmental Protection Act. With regard to administrative liability in respect of combustion plants, the provisions include rules under which the installation may be shut down and fines 17
18 may be imposed, for example, for failure to comply with the integrated permits in terms of the quantities or types of gases or dust released into the air. These fines are subject to the same enforcement procedures as tax debts. Procedures for the issue of such decisions by the local environmental protection inspector may be launched at the inspector's own initiative. Therefore, the above-mentioned measures will be able to be applied to all combustion plants covered by the NERP in order to ensure that those plants comply, by 31 December 2033 at the latest, with the emission limit values as set out in Annex V to Directive 2010/75/EU. In Ukraine, control of compliance with the environmental requirements, including the conditions as set out in integrated permits, is entrusted to specialised environmental inspection authorities. 7. Total emission ceilings, and the means of achieving the objectives as set out in the NERP Implementation of the NERP will lead to a very significant reduction in the emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust for the group of all participating plants. Implementation of both the current objectives of the NERP and the main objective, namely adaptation of plants to the requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU, shall be a combination of control monitoring and technical measures involving retrofitting of the combustion plants. As regards the technical measures for achieving the objectives of the NERP, the following are envisaged: modernization of existing combustion plants to improve energy efficiency of fuel; modernization of installations for dust cleaning of flue gases; co-firing of biomass with solid fuel (coal) in boilers; the use of the full technical capabilities of existing and planned for construction the flue gas desulphurization plants (increasing operating time of combustion plants with flue gas desulphurization, full and effective use of these facilities) construction of additional desulfurization facilities: o o for the units with thermal input of 50 to<r 500 MW coal should be used with low sulfur content, or build a semi-dry or wet flue gas desulfurization, depending on specific conditions facilities for thermal power P> 500 MW it is advisable to use a wet install desulphurization of flue gases 18
19 improving fuel combustion to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and dust collecting systems modernization (regime-technological measures - speed supply air and fuel, low emission burners, flue gas recirculation and a combination thereof); Recommendations for building CFB boilers; construction of flue gas cleaning plants from nitrogen oxides technology of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) depending on the individual termsscr and SNCR. co-combustion of biomass with traditional solid fuel (coal) in the boilers, retrofitting of the existing boilers, involving adaptation of incinerator furnaces to 100% biomass incineration. Table 12 presents an overview of emission ceilings for all participants in the NERP for the period (Table B.3 in Decision 2012/115/EU). Table 1. Combined emission ceilings [Mg] for NERP participants combustion plants in Ukraine (tons) SO NOx Dust SO Nox Dust
20 8. Funding measures to reduce emissions of pollutants from large combustion plants This section contains cost estimates for installation of gas cleaning equipment for large combustion plants. These data are based on estimates for installation of modern gas cleaning equipment and are the "upper bound" costs that the large combustion plant operators must bear to ensure compliance with the requirements of Directive 2010/75 / EU. Initial data for calculating the cost of gas-cleaning equipment for energy combustion plants operating for the output of electrical energy at condensation thermal plants is presented in Table 3. For the CHP, these values should be increased by 1.5. Table 3. Assessment of specific capital costs of establishing modern gas cleaning equipment at condensing units Pollutant Cost, /kw of electric capacity SO NO x Dust Table 4 shows the estimated specific capital costs for construction of gas-cleaning plants per 1 ton of steam per hour (1 Gcal / h) Table 4. Evaluation of specific capital costs for installation of modern gas cleaning equipment on steam boilers Pollutant Cost, /t h of steam SO NO x Пил , Not Highlight Formatted: Line spacing: At least 0 pt, Pattern: Clear (White), Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Normal, Level 1, Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Normal, Level 1, Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight 20
21 Table 5 shows the forecast growth in capacity of desulfurization and denitrification installations at coal thermal power plants under the NERP. 8.1 GW of modernized coal units at condensing thermal power plants have to be equipped with modern desulfurization and denitrification installations. Table 5. Forecast growth of gas cleaning equipment capacity at existing coal-fired thermal power plants Formatted: Indent: First line: 0 cm Formatted... Formatted: Font: Bold, English (United States) Formatted... Year DeSOx, GW 0, DeNOx, GW 0, In case if the wet limestone desulfurization is installed at all facilities, the total cost is 1.62 billion. Whereas, installing modern facilities denitrification installations using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) costs about 6.5 billion. The dust cleaning system which complies with ceiling output concentration of 50 mg/m3 is usually included in the scope of reconstruction of boilers and turbines. Evaluation of specific costs for such reconstruction is about 300 / kw of electrical power. For coal-fired CHP (0.33 GW), which will be reconstructed and run until 2033, some 100 million have to be invested in desulfurization and 40 million in denitrification. For gas-and-oil fired boilers installed at condensation TPP and CHP to be in compliance with Directive 2010/75/EU, technological measures have to be implemented to reduce NOx (speed air supply, low-emission burners, flue gas recirculation, etc.). This will require some 76 million. for gas-and-oil fired boilers at condensing TPP (3.8 GW), and 129 million at gas CHP (4.3 GW). Total demand for funds invested in gas cleaning systems reaches billion. Funding sources of environmental measures in the energy sector include: - Public funds - Payment returns to the power plants (over 770%) for emissions aimed at environmental projects Own funds of enterprises and investment funds - International loans It should be noted that billion. is required for construction of new coal-fired thermal power plants where the specific capital investments are of 1800 / kw. New coal CHP need some 4.6 billion. Thus, the total cost of a large-scale modernization of the Ukrainian power system will exceed 23.5 billion. Estimated reduction of total emissions under the NERP for the energy companies and large combustion plants operators is shown below at Diagrams 1 and Formatted: Normal, Level 1 Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Normal, Level 1 Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted... Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted... Formatted... Formatted... Formatted... Formatted... Formatted... Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted... Formatted: Line spacing: At least 0 pt, Pattern: Clear (White) Formatted... Formatted Annexes to NERP 21
22 Annex 1 Forecasted energy production in Ukraine Ukraine National emission reduction plan Annex 12 Environmental effects of the application of the NERP implementation Annex 23 Emission ceilings [Mg] of total pollutant emissions for operators of the large combustion plants Annex 43 List of large combustion plants in Ukraine with at least 50 MW of heat capacity (basic data) Annex 54 List of large combustion plants in Ukraine with at least 50 MW of heat capacity covered by the National emission reduction plan (basic data) 22
23 Annex 1 to the National emissions reduction plan Forecasted energy production in UkraineEnvironmental effects of implementing the NERP 23
24 Below the charts are given showing the reduction in gross emissions of pollutants during the implementation of the National emission reduction plan. This document laid the sharp reduction at the end of 2033, compared with 2020 emissions. The value of total emissions in 2033 is based on compliance with the requirements of Directive 2010/75EU. As a result of introduction of the clean coal technologies in the energy sector of Ukraine, total sulfur dioxide emissions is planned to reduce by almost fifty times (Figure 1). The level of total emissions in 2020 is defined as the average over the period Because of the large capital costs of the construction of desulphurization facilities and their long construction time, commissioning should be expect no earlier than in The value of total emissions by the end of 2033 is calculated based on the emission limit values from Directive 2010/75EU and output forecast and installed capacity of power system of Ukraine, according to the Energy Strategy. Figure 1. Ceiling values of total SO 2 emissions for large combustion plants. Formatted: Normal, Justified SO2 Emission in Ukraine SO2 Emission Combustion installations included in NERP should during this period to achieve the emission limit values of SO 2, set out in a given Directive. In the intervening years between 2020 and 2033 linear decrease is planned of total gross emissions of sulfur dioxide from combustion plants in Ukraine. This will be implemented through the construction of desulphurization facilities, construction of new power plants, gas cleaning systems equipped with modern flue gas cleaning systems and via closure of existing combustion plants, for which the deadline of operating hours is set. The level of total emissions of nitrogen oxides in 2020 is based on the average emission in the period As the majority of boilers in power sector of Ukraine has a liquid slag removal, this restricts the use of primary measures to decrease generation of nitrogen oxides. Given the lack of experience in construction and operation of the combustion plants with Formatted: Justified 24
25 selective catalytic reduction and high capital costs, reduction of nitrogen oxides should be expected not earlier than in Figure 2 shows the ceiling values of nitrogen oxides emissions for all combustion plants for the NERP duration. Figure 2. Ceiling values of total NOx emissions for large combustion plants NOx Emission in Ukraine NOx Emission Combustion installations included in NERP should during this period to achieve the emission limit values of NOx, set out in Directive2010/75/EU. In the intervening years between 2020 and 2033 linear decrease is planned of total gross emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion plants in Ukraine. This will be implemented through the construction of DeNOx facilities at existing combustion plants, construction of new power plants, equipped with modern flue gas cleaning systems and via closure of existing combustion plants, for which the deadline of operating hours is set. Existing combustion plants in Ukraine were equipped only with dust cleaning systems. During the replacement will be carried out of the existing dust collectors with new with the output dust concentrations below 50 mg/nm3, as required by Directive 2001/80/EC. Therefore, the level of dust emissions in 2020 is defined as one third of the average for the period In 2033, all combustion plants shall comply with the requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU. During the period of implementation of NERP, gross dust emissions will be reduced by 19 times, as shown in Figure 3. It will be implemented through the construction of modern dedusting installation, by using wet desulphurization units, and input into degree of fineness of dust cleaning, construction of new power plants, equipped with modern gas cleaning systems and through the closure of existing combustion plants for which the limit is specified for their lifetime of hours. Thus, the execution of the National emissions reduction plan will allow to significantly reduce emissions of SO 2 and NOx and to reduce their negative environmental Formatted: Justified 25
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