Source: http://www.infogalactic.com/info/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union
Timestamp: 2019-08-18 22:00:05
Document Index: 17418481

Matched Legal Cases: ['sui generis', 'art[69', 'art[69', 'Art.79', 'Art.227', 'Art.198', 'Art.198', 'Art. 1']

Special member state territories and the European Union - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Several European Union member states have special territories which, for historical, geographical, or political reasons, enjoy special status within or outside the European Union. These statuses have a wide range of derogation from EU policies. Most of the territories which are outside the EU nonetheless have a special relationship with the EU.
2.3 French overseas regions
French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion are five French overseas regions which under French law are, for the most part, treated as integral parts of the Republic. The euro is legal tender and they are part of the European Union Customs Union.[6] However they are outside the Schengen Area and the VAT area.[5]
When the Rome Treaty was signed in March 1957, a total of 15 OCTs existed: French West Africa, French Equatorial Africa, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Comoros Archipelago, French Madagascar, French Somaliland, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, French Togoland, French Cameroons, Belgian Congo, Ruanda-Urundi, Trust Territory of Somalia, Netherlands New Guinea. The list was since then revised multiple times, and comprised—as noted by the Lisbon Treaty—25 OCTs in 2007. One of the French territories subsequently switched status from OMR to OCT (Saint Barthélemy), while another French territory switched from OCT to OMR (Mayotte). As of July 2014, there are still 25 OCTs (twelve with the United Kingdom, six with France, six with the Netherlands and one with Denmark)[16] of which 22 have joined OCTA.[17] The three OCTs which are not part of OCTA (British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory and South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands) do not have a permanent population.[18]
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Barthélemy, French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna are overseas collectivities (formerly referred to as overseas territories) of France, while New Caledonia is a "sui generis collectivity". Saint Barthélemy and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon use the Euro,[22][better source needed] while New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna use the CFP Franc, a currency which is tied to the euro and guaranteed by France. Natives of the collectivities are European citizens owing to their French citizenship and elections to the European Parliament are held in the collectivities.
On 22 February 2007, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin were separated from the French overseas department of Guadeloupe to form new overseas collectivities. As a consequence, their EU status was unclear for a time. While a report issued by the French parliament suggested that the islands remained within the EU as outermost regions,[7] European Commission documents listed them as being outside the European Community.[8] The legal status of the islands was clarified on the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty which listed them as outermost regions.[9] However, Saint Barthélemy ceased being an outermost region and left the EU, to become an OCT, on 1 January 2012. The change was made to facilitate trade with countries outside the EU, notably the United States,[2] and was made possible by a provision of the Lisbon Treaty which allows the European Council to change the EU status of a Danish, Dutch, or French territory on the initiative of the member state concerned.[23]
EU law, including the fundamental four freedoms, applies to Åland.[33] However, there are some derogations due to the islands' special status. Åland is outside the VAT area[5] and is exempt from common rules in relation to turnover taxes, excise duties and indirect taxation.[34] In addition, to protect the local economy, the treaty of accession allows for a concept of hembygdsrätt/kotiseutuoikeus (regional citizenship). Consequently, there are restrictions on the holding of property and real estate, the right of establishment for business purposes and limitations on who can provide services in Åland, for people not holding this status.[35] The status may be obtained by any Finnish citizen legally resident in Åland for 5 years that can demonstrate an adequate knowledge of the Swedish language.[36]
Cypriot nationality law applies to the entire island and is accordingly available to the inhabitants of Northern Cyprus and the British sovereign base areas on the same basis as to those born in the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.[47][48] Citizens of the Republic of Cyprus living in Northern Cyprus are EU citizens and are entitled to vote in elections to the European Parliament; however, elections to that Parliament are not organised in Northern Cyprus.[citation needed]
Prior to Cypriot accession to the EU in 2004, EU law did not apply to the sovereign bases.[49] This position was changed by the Cypriot accession treaty and EU law, while still not applying in principle, applies to the extent necessary to implement a protocol attached to that treaty.[50] This protocol applies EU law relating to the Common Agricultural Policy, customs, indirect taxation, social policy and justice and home affairs to the sovereign base areas. The sovereign base authorities have also made provision for the unilateral application of directly applicable EU law.[51] The UK also agreed in the Protocol to keep enough control of the external (i.e. off-island and northern Cyprus) borders of the sovereign bases to ensure that the border between the sovereign bases and the Republic of Cyprus can remain fully open and will not have to be policed as an external EU border. Consequently, the sovereign bases will become a de facto part of the Schengen Area if and when Cyprus implements it. The bases are already de facto members of the eurozone due to their previous use of the Cypriot pound before it was replaced by the euro in 2008.[52]
As pointed out above, inhabitants of the sovereign bases have never been entitled to British citizenship or to the European Union citizenship that would go with it.[53] Just under half of the population of the sovereign base areas are Cypriots, the rest are British military personnel, support staff and their dependants.[54] In a declaration attached to the Treaty of Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus of 1960 the British government undertook not to allow new settlement of people in the sovereign base areas other than for temporary purposes.[55]
The United Nations buffer zone between north and south Cyprus ranges in width from a few metres in central Nicosia to several kilometres in the countryside. While it is nominally under the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, it is effectively administered by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). The population of the zone is 8,686 (as of October 2007), and one of the mandates of UNFICYP is "to encourage the fullest possible resumption of normal civilian activity in the buffer zone".[56] Article 2.1 of the Cyprus Protocol[46] allows the European Council to determine to what extent the provisions of EU law apply in the buffer zone.[57]
The Faroe Islands are not part of the EU, and they have not been part of the EU since Denmark joined the community in 1973. Danish citizens residing on the islands are not considered citizens of a member state within the meaning of the treaties or, consequently, citizens of the European Union.[58] However, Faroese may become EU citizens by changing their residence to the Danish mainland.
The Faroe Islands are not part of the Schengen Area, and Schengen visas are not valid. However, the islands are part of the Nordic Passport Union and the Schengen Agreement provides that travellers passing between the islands and the Schengen Area are not to be treated as passing the external frontier of the Area.[59] This means that there is an identity check at air or boat travel to the islands where Nordic citizens on intra-Nordic travel need no passport, only showing the ticket plus identity card.[60]
Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula and overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar, sharing a border with Spain to the north. It is part of the EU, having joined the European Economic Community under the United Kingdom in 1973. Article 355(3) (ex Article 299(4)) applies the treaty to "the European territories for whose external relations a Member State is responsible", a provision which in practice only applies to Gibraltar. Although it is part of the EU, Gibraltar is outside the customs union and VAT area and is exempted from the Common Agricultural Policy; it does not form part of the Schengen Area.[61] As a separate jurisdiction to the UK, Gibraltar's government and parliament are responsible for the transposition of EU law into local law. There is no option for Gibraltar to cancel their EU membership separately from the UK, as it is bound to the same destiny as the UK chooses.[62] If the UK at some point of time decides to adopt the euro, it is unclear if Gibraltar along the way would also be forced to adopt the euro.
Owing to a declaration lodged by the United Kingdom with the EEC in 1982, Gibraltarians were to be counted as British nationals for the purposes of Community law. This was notwithstanding that they were not all, at the time, British citizens but many were British Overseas Territories citizens. As such Gibraltarians have enjoyed European Union citizenship from its creation by the Maastricht Treaty. Since 21 May 2002, all Gibraltarians have been granted the right to register a full British citizenship, while those who previously held a British Overseas Territory citizenship automatically were converted now to have a full British citizenship. Any child born in Gibraltar after 21 May 2002 will automatically become a British citizen, if just one of its parents is a British citizen or a Gibraltarian resident.[53]
Like the UK, Gibraltar does not form part of the Schengen Area and, as a result, the border between Spain and Gibraltar is an external Schengen border through which Spain is legally obliged to perform full entrance and exit controls. However Gibraltar does participate in certain police and judicial cooperation aspects of the Schengen acquis in line with the UK's request to participate in the same measures.[63]
With respect to the application of EU law to Gibraltar, the governments of Spain and the United Kingdom made the following Declaration which is appended (as Declaration 55) to the Treaty on European Union: "The Treaties apply to Gibraltar as a European territory for whose external relations a Member State is responsible. This shall not imply changes in the respective positions of the Member States concerned."[64]
Heligoland is an island of Germany situated 70 km (43 mi) off the German north-western coast. It is part of the EU, but is excluded from the customs union and the VAT area.[5]
Mount Athos is an autonomous monastic region of Greece. Greece's EU accession treaty provides that Mount Athos maintains its centuries-old special legal status,[65] guaranteed by article 105 of the Greek Constitution. It is part of the customs union but outside the VAT area.[5] Notwithstanding that a special permit is required to enter the peninsula and that there is a prohibition on the admittance of women, it is part of the Schengen Area.[66] The monastery has certain rights to house monks from countries outside the EU. A declaration attached to Greece's accession treaty to the Schengen Agreement states that Mount Athos's "special status" should be taken into account in the application of the Schengen rules.[67]
Cambodia (gained independence from France in 1953), no Community treaty applied there, besides ECSC preferences[68]
Laos (gained independence from France in 1954), no Community treaty applied there, besides ECSC preferences[68]
Vietnam (gained independence from France in 1954), no Community treaty applied there, besides ECSC preferences[68]
Tunisia (gained independence from France in 1956), no Community treaty applied there, besides ECSC preferences[68]
Morocco (gained independence from France in 1956), no Community treaty applied there, besides ECSC preferences[68]
Guinea (gained independence from France in 1958), had OCT status[69]
Cameroon (French-administered part gained independence from France in 1960 along with some of UK-administered parts); had OCT status for the French part[69]
Togo (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Mali (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Senegal (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Madagascar (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
DR Congo (gained independence from Belgium in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Somalia (Italian-administered part gained independence from Italy in 1960 along with UK-administered part); had OCT status for the Italian part[69]
Benin (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Niger (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Burkina Faso (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Ivory Coast (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Chad (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Central African Republic (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Congo (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Gabon (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Mauritania (gained independence from France in 1960), had OCT status[69]
Burundi (gained independence from Belgium in 1962), had OCT status[69]
Rwanda (gained independence from Belgium in 1962), had OCT status[69]
Netherlands New Guinea (transferred from the Netherlands to UN in 1962, later merged with Indonesia), had OCT status[69]
Suriname (gained independence from the Netherlands in 1975), had OCT status,[68][70][71] EURATOM application unsure.[72]
Algeria (gained independence from France in 1962), had a status similar to OMR[73]
Bahamas (gained independence from the UK in 1973), had OCT status[74]
Grenada (gained independence from the UK in 1973), had OCT status[74]
Comoros (gained independence from France in 1975), had OCT status[69]
Seychelles (gained independence from the UK in 1976), had OCT status[74]
French Somaliland (gained independence from France as Djibouti in 1977), had OCT status[69]
Solomon Islands (gained independence from the UK in 1976), had OCT status[74]
Tuvalu (gained independence from the UK in 1978), had OCT status[74]
Dominica (gained independence from the UK in 1978), had OCT status[74]
Saint Lucia (gained independence from the UK in 1979), had OCT status[74]
Kiribati (gained independence from the UK in 1979), had OCT status[74]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (gained independence from the UK in 1979), had OCT status[74]
Zimbabwe (gained de jure independence from the UK in 1980), no Community treaty applied there, besides ECSC preferences[68][75]
Vanuatu (gained independence from the UK and France in 1980), generally had OCT status [76]
Belize (gained independence from the UK in 1981), had OCT status[74]
Antigua and Barbuda (gained independence from the UK in 1981), had OCT status[74]
Saint Kitts and Nevis (gained independence from the UK in 1983), had OCT status[74]
Brunei (gained independence from UK in 1984), had OCT status[74]
Hong Kong (sovereignty transferred from the UK to China in 1997), no Community treaty applied there,[75] besides ECSC preferences[68]
Macao (sovereignty transferred from Portugal to China in 1999), EURATOM was applicable,[77] besides the ECSC preferences[68]
Timor-Leste (East Timor) (gained independence from Indonesia in 2002), no Community treaty applied there [78]
Saar (merged with West Germany on 1 January 1957), was fully part of the Community as French-administered European territory [79]
West Berlin (merged with West Germany on 3 October 1990), was subject to the full application of the treaties[80]
Outside the Schengen area. Special rules on work permit.[81]
Outside Norwegian VAT area[82]
Outside Swiss VAT area[citation needed]
Iceland Partial Unclear No Yes No No Yes[83] No, ISK
Liechtenstein Partial Unclear No Yes No, Swiss–Liechtenstein VAT area No, Swiss–Liechtenstein customs territory Yes[83] No, CHF
Norway, except: Partial Unclear No Yes No No Yes[83] No, NOK
Svalbard Partial Unclear No No[81] No, VAT free[82] No No[83][84] No, NOK
Switzerland, except: Partial Unclear Participating associated state[85] Yes No, Swiss–Liechtenstein VAT area No, Swiss–Liechtenstein customs territory Yes[86] No, CHF
Samnaun Partial Unclear Participating associated state[85] Yes No, VAT free No, Swiss–Liechtenstein customs territory Yes[86] No, CHF
This table summarises the various components of EU laws applied in the EU member states and their sovereign territories. Member states that do not have special-status territories are not included (as there the EU law applies fully with the exception of the opt-outs in the European Union and states under a safeguard clause or transitional period). Some territories of EFTA member states also have a special status in regard to EU laws applied as is the case with some European microstates.[87]
except: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Set to implement later[88] Yes Yes Yes Yes
UN Buffer Zone With exemptions Yes ? Yes No No Yes Yes[89] With exemptions[90] Yes
Northern Cyprus Suspended No No Yes No No No No[91] No[92] No, TRY
except: Yes[93] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes DKK (ERM II)
Greenland Minimal (OCT)[16] ? No[94] Yes No No No No[91] Partial[95] DKK (ERM II)
Faroe Islands No No No[96] No No No No No[91] Minimal (FTA)[87][97] DKK (ERM II)
Åland Islands With exemptions Yes Yes[98] Yes Yes Yes No Yes[91] With exemptions Yes
French Guiana With exemptions (OMR) Yes Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No, VAT free Yes[91] Yes Yes
Guadeloupe With exemptions (OMR) Yes Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No, low rate VAT Yes[91] Yes Yes
Martinique With exemptions (OMR) Yes Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No, low rate VAT Yes[91] Yes Yes
Réunion With exemptions (OMR) Yes Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No, low rate VAT Yes[91] Yes Yes
Mayotte With exemptions (OMR) Yes Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No, VAT free Yes[91] Yes Yes
Saint Martin With exemptions (OMR)[101] Yes Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No, low rate VAT Yes[91] Yes Yes[102]
Saint Barthélemy Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No No Partial[95] Yes[102]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No No[91] Partial[95] Yes[102]
Wallis and Futuna Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No No[91] Partial[95] XPF, pegged to EUR
French Polynesia Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No No[91] Partial[95] XPF, pegged to EUR
New Caledonia Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes Yes Yes[99] No[100] No No[91] Partial[95] XPF, pegged to EUR
French Southern and Antarctic Lands Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes Yes No[103] No[100] No No[91] Partial[95] Yes[104]
Clipperton Island ? ? Yes[105] Yes[104] No[103] No[100] ? ? ? Yes[104]
23x15px Büsingen am Hochrhein Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[106] No No[91] Yes Yes
23x15px Heligoland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No[91] Yes Yes
Mount Athos Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No, VAT free[5] Yes[91] Yes Yes
Livigno Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No[91] Yes Yes
23x15px Campione d'Italia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[106] No No[91] Yes No, CHF[40]
Bonaire Minimal (OCT)[16] ? No[107] Yes Yes No[100] No No[6] Partial[95] No, USD[108]
Saba Minimal (OCT)[16] ? No[107] Yes Yes No[100] No No[6] Partial[95] No, USD[108]
Sint Eustatius Minimal (OCT)[16] ? No[107] Yes Yes No[100] No No[6] Partial[95] No, USD[108]
Curaçao Minimal (OCT)[16] ? No[109] Yes Yes No[100] No No[6] Partial[95] No, ANG[110]
Sint Maarten Minimal (OCT)[16] ? No[109] Yes Yes No[100] No No[6] Partial[95] No, ANG[110]
Aruba Minimal (OCT)[16] ? ?[96][111] Yes Yes No[100] No No[6] Partial[95] No, AWG
Azores Yes (OMR) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Madeira Yes (OMR) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Canary Islands With exemptions (OMR) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No, VAT free Yes Yes Yes
Ceuta With exemptions Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial[113] No No Minimal (FTA)[87][114] Yes
Melilla With exemptions Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial[113] No No Minimal (FTA)[87][114] Yes
except: Yes[93] Yes Yes Yes Yes Police and judicial cooperation only[115] Yes Yes Yes No, GBP
Gibraltar With exemptions[116] Yes[116] Yes[96] Yes[117] Yes[118] Police and judicial cooperation only[115] No No With exemptions No, GIP
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Minimal[119] Yes[120] No[96] No No[121] Set to implement later[88] Yes[124] Yes[6] With exemptions[125] Yes[126]
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Minimal (OCT)[16] Yes[127] Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, SHP
Falkland Islands Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, FKP
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, GBP
British Antarctic Territory Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, GBP[129]
Bermuda Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, BMD
Cayman Islands Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, KYD
Anguilla Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, XCD
Montserrat Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, XCD
British Virgin Islands Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, USD
Turks and Caicos Islands Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, USD
British Indian Ocean Territory Minimal (OCT)[16] ? Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, GBP, USD[130]
Pitcairn Islands Minimal (OCT)[16] Yes[131] Yes[96][128] Yes No No No No Partial[95] No, NZD
Isle of Man Minimal[132] Yes[133] Partial[96][132] Partial[134] No No[115] Yes[124] Yes[6] Minimal (FTA)[87][135] No, GBP
Sark Minimal[132] Yes[136] Partial[96][132] Partial[134] No No[115] No, VAT free[124] Yes[6] Minimal (FTA)[87][135] No, GBP
Jersey Minimal[132] Yes[137] Partial[96][132] Partial[134] No No[115] No, VAT free[124] Yes[6] Minimal (FTA)[87][135] No, GBP
Legend for the "Application of EU law" column: Full or with exemptions.[138] — Minimal or none. Not part of the EU territory.
↑ 2.0 2.1 AFP (29 October 2010). "La collectivité de Saint-Barthélémy obtient un nouveau statut européen". Ministère de l’Outre-Mer (in French). Retrieved 8 April 2011. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 3.0 3.1 "Council Directive 2013/61/EU of December 2013" (PDF). 2013-12-17. Retrieved 2014-01-01. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Europe's outermost regions and the single market". European Commission. 24 April 2014. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 Article 6 of Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 (as amended) on the common system of value added tax (OJ L 347, 11.12.2006, p. 1) Eur-lex.europa.eu.
↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 Article 3(1) of Council Regulation 2913/92/EEC of 12 October 1992 establishing the Community Customs Code (as amended) (OJ L 302, 19.10.1992, p. 1-50) Eur-lex.europa.eu. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "customs" defined multiple times with different content
↑ 7.0 7.1 Rapport d'information n° 329 (2004–2005) de MM. Jean-Jacques Hyest, Christian Cointat et Simon Sutour, fait au nom de la commission des lois, déposé le 10 mai 2005. (French)
↑ 8.0 8.1 "Guidelines on Trading with the European Community (EC)" (PDF). January 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "COUNCIL DECISION 2013/755/EU of 25 November 2013: On the association of the overseas countries and territories with the European Union ('Overseas Association Decision')" (PDF). Official Journal of the European Union. 19 December 2013. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 16.18 16.19 16.20 16.21 16.22 16.23 16.24 16.25 16.26 "EU relations with Overseas Countries and Territories". European Commission. 4 June 2014. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "OCT_list" defined multiple times with different content
↑ 17.0 17.1 "A new member for OCTA: Bermuda joins the association of overseas countries and territories". OCTA. 2 July 2014. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 18.0 18.1 "Organisation: OCTA". OCTA. Retrieved 4 July 2014. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "French Southern and Antarctic Lands". The Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 8 February 2010. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 25.0 25.1 "Schurende rechtsordes: Over juridische implicaties van de UPG-status voor de eilandgebieden van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)" (PDF) (in Dutch). Eerstekamer.nl. 19 June 2008. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 26.0 26.1 "Economische gevolgen van de status van ultraperifeer gebied voor de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba / SEOR" (PDF) (in Dutch). Eerstekamer.nl. 19 June 2008. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Kamerstuk 31954+31958 D: BRIEF VAN DE MINISTER VAN BINNENLANDSE ZAKEN EN KONINKRIJKSRELATIES" (in Dutch). Overheid.nl. 9 March 2012. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "COUNCIL DECISION 2014/137/EU of 14 March 2014: On relations between the European Union on the one hand, and Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark on the other" (PDF). Official Journal of the European Union. 15 March 2014. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Protocol: Setting out the fishing opportunities and financial contribution provided for in the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community (1) on the one hand, and the Government of Denmark and the Home Rule Government of Greenland (2), on the other hand" (PDF). Official Journal of the European Union. 23 October 2012. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 40.0 40.1 "Comune di Campione d'Italia" (Italian). Retrieved 2009-01-12. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> "... pur essendo territorio italiano Campione è doganalmente ed economicamente svizzero. Così pure la moneta e la rete telefonica. ("... although essentially Italian territory, Campione is customs-wise and economically Swiss. Also the currency and the telephone network.")
↑ "European small exclaves: Campione d'Italia". Municipality of Campione d'Italia. Retrieved 20 January 2015. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "CAMPIONE D'ITALIA - Italy in Switzerland ENCLAVES". This other world. Retrieved April 2014. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Skoutaris, Nikos. "On Citizenship and Donkeys in Cyprus". Citizenship in Southern Europe. CITSEE. Retrieved 5 January 2013. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "First Report on the implementation of the provisions of Protocol No 3 to the 2003 Act of Accession on the Sovereign Base Areas of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Cyprus". Brussels: European Commission. 19 April 2010. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 53.0 53.1 British Overseas Territories Act 2002.
↑ "Akrotiri". CIA World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 5 January 2013. approximately 15,700 live on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 7,700 Cypriots, 3,600 Service and UK-based contract personnel, and 4,400 dependents <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Declaration by Her Majesty's Government Regarding the Administration of the Sovereign Base Areas" (PDF). Treaty of Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus. 1960. p. 111. Retrieved 5 January 2013. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "UNFICYP – Civil Affairs". United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-15. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Spørgsmål og svar". www.eu-oplysningen.dk (in Danish). Danish Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 May 2006. Retrieved 21 June 2015. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Pas". atlantic.fo (in Danish). Atlantic Airways. Retrieved 21 June 2015. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Gibraltar news from Panorama (last weeks stories): Safeguarding Gibraltar's position in Europe". Panorama. 23 February 2004. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Monks see Schengen as Devil's work". British Broadcasting Corporation. 26 October 1997. Retrieved 2007-10-14. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 68.5 68.6 68.7 68.8 European Coal and Steel Community Treaty, Art.79: Each High Contracting Party binds itself to extend to the other Member States the preferential measures which it enjoys with respect to coal and steel in the non-European territories subject to its jurisdiction
↑ 69.00 69.01 69.02 69.03 69.04 69.05 69.06 69.07 69.08 69.09 69.10 69.11 69.12 69.13 69.14 69.15 69.16 69.17 69.18 69.19 69.20 69.21 Annex IV: Overseas countries and territories
↑ 74.00 74.01 74.02 74.03 74.04 74.05 74.06 74.07 74.08 74.09 74.10 74.11 74.12 1973 revision of ANNEX IV
↑ 75.0 75.1 According to Art.227 (EEC) and Art.198 (EURATOM) these Treaties shall not apply to those overseas countries and territories having special relations with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland which are not listed in Annex IV to the EEC Treaty. Zimbabwe and Hong Kong are not listed in the annex.
↑ 81.0 81.1 Norway and Iceland Schengen association agreement Article 14
↑ 82.0 82.1 Svalbard treaty
↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 European Economic Area agreement
↑ 85.0 85.1 Document 32014D0954, Council of the European Union. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
↑ 86.0 86.1 Through multiple sectoral agreements
↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 87.4 87.5 87.6 List of free trade agreements
↑ 88.0 88.1 Akrotiri and Dhekelia, and Cyprus should implement together the Schengen area.[122] As of 2011 the target is for 2016.[123]
↑ 91.00 91.01 91.02 91.03 91.04 91.05 91.06 91.07 91.08 91.09 91.10 91.11 91.12 91.13 91.14 91.15 91.16 91.17 91.18 91.19 Information for Businesses/01 Customs and fiscal territories/index.jsp The customs and fiscal territories of the European Community
↑ 93.0 93.1 Opt-outs in force for some treaty provisions and legislations
↑ 95.00 95.01 95.02 95.03 95.04 95.05 95.06 95.07 95.08 95.09 95.10 95.11 95.12 95.13 95.14 95.15 95.16 95.17 95.18 95.19 95.20 95.21 95.22 95.23 95.24 2002325EN.003301.html Treaty Establishing the European Community, part four
↑ 96.00 96.01 96.02 96.03 96.04 96.05 96.06 96.07 96.08 96.09 96.10 96.11 96.12 96.13 96.14 96.15 96.16 96.17 96.18 EURATOM Treaty Art.198d
↑ Lauri Hannikainen; Frank Horn (1997). Autonomy and Demilitarisation in International Law: The Åland Islands in a Changing Europe. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 94. ISBN 978-90-411-0271-3. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 99.00 99.01 99.02 99.03 99.04 99.05 99.06 99.07 99.08 99.09 99.10 Part of the Outre-Mer electoral constituency.
↑ 100.00 100.01 100.02 100.03 100.04 100.05 100.06 100.07 100.08 100.09 100.10 100.11 100.12 100.13 100.14 100.15 100.16 100.17 100.18 Schengen Borders Code Article (21)
↑ "Treaty of Lisbon, Article 2, points 287 and 293". Retrieved 2008-01-31. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 102.0 102.1 102.2 summaries/economic and monetary affairs/institutional and economic framework/l25042 en.htm Agreements concerning the French territorial communities
↑ 103.0 103.1 Not part of any of the eight European Parliament electoral constituencies in the French Republic.
↑ 104.0 104.1 104.2 Art. 1-1-6°, Loi n°55-1052 du 6 août 1955 portant statut des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises et de l'île de Clipperton.
↑ 106.0 106.1 Together with Switzerland
↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius: Inherited status as non-member from the Netherlands Antilles.
↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 Article 16 of the law on the monetary system BES Dutch: Wet geldstelsel BES stipulates the use of the Netherlands Antillean guilder as official tender until the official introduction of the US Dollar, probably on 1-1-2011.
↑ 109.0 109.1 "Rijkswet aanpassing rijkswetten, nr. 3 MEMORIE VAN TOELICHTING" (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 November 2010. (...) van het Verdrag tot oprichting van de Europese Gemeenschap voor Atoomenergie (Euratom) (Tr. 1957, 92). Dit verdrag geldt niet voor Curaçao en Sint Maarten. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 110.0 110.1 The Netherlands Antillean guilder will be replaced by the Caribbean guilder, possibly on 1-1-2012
↑ 113.0 113.1 The full Schengen acquis applies to all Spanish territories, but there are border checks on departure from Ceuta and Melilla to Spain or other Schengen countries, because of specific arrangements for visa exemptions for Moroccan nationals resident in the provinces of Tetuan and Nador.[43][112]
↑ 114.0 114.1 Protocol 2 concerning Ceuta and Melilla to the Treaty of Accession of Spain and Portugal
↑ 115.0 115.1 115.2 115.3 115.4 Council Decision of 29 May 2000 concerning the request of the United Kingdom, Council Decision of 22 December 2004 on the putting the request into effect Article 5(2) states that Police and Judicial Co-operation measures should apply to Gibraltar. Article 5(1) states that the UK should make additional notification about the measures that would apply to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. No such notification is made so far.[citation needed]
↑ 116.0 116.1 Consolidated version of the European Communities Act (1972–18) (Gib.), as amended up to September 2009 contains detailed list of exemptions. For the enforceability of EU law in local courts see s. 3.
↑ Part of the South West England electoral constituency.
↑ There were reports that it was possible for all Cypriots from Northern Cyprus, or UN Buffer Zone or Akrotiri and Dekhelia to vote, but they had to travel to a voting station in the South.[citation needed]
↑ "Foreign Minister says Cyprus not to join Schengen before 2010". Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Berlin. Retrieved 3 February 2010. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Cyprus to be evaluated for Schengen". Famagusta Gazette. 2 December 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2012. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 124.0 124.1 124.2 124.3 Council directive on the common system of value added tax
↑ In a declaration attached to the Treaty of Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus of 1960 the British government undertook not to allow new settlement of people in the sovereign base areas other than for temporary purposes, meaning at present, free movement of people is limited.
↑ 128.00 128.01 128.02 128.03 128.04 128.05 128.06 128.07 128.08 128.09 128.10 128.11 2002325EN.015901.html EEC Treaty - OCT Annex
↑ 132.0 132.1 132.2 132.3 132.4 132.5 Protocol No 3 on the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man to the Act of Accession 1972
↑ 134.0 134.1 134.2 See Guernsey passport, Jersey passport, Manx passport and above.
↑ 135.0 135.1 135.2 Crown dependencies' Relationship with the European Union
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