Source: https://www.tobaccocontrollaws.org/legislation/compare/smokefree/187
Timestamp: 2020-02-25 05:10:59
Document Index: 336573592

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8']

This definition does not align with the FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines. It is narrower and does not include areas used commonly by the workers in the course of their employment and instead includes only those areas that are used solely or principally for work. Also, the definition does not explicitly include duties of employment for voluntary work. A definition of “workplace” should be provided in accordance with the FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines.
The definitions of “public service vehicle,” “aircraft, and “railway” (see below) together align with the definition of “public transport” provided in the FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines.
Although this term is not defined, a definition is not strictly necessary because the term is not used. The law’s smoke free measures provide that “smoking shall not be permitted in . . . the premises or buildings or parts thereof specified . . .” rather than, for example, “no person shall be exposed to second hand smoke in enclosed public places.”
The Notification includes the term “public place” but fails to define this term. The lack of a clear definition may cause an unclear understanding of the terms included in the Act and may hamper compliance with FCTC Art. 8 obligations. The law should provide a definition of “public place” in accordance with the definition in the FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines.
Although this term is not defined, a definition is not strictly necessary because the prohibition on smoking applies to the smoking of tobacco or any other substance. A definition of “tobacco products” is, therefore, not necessary for interpretation and enforcement of the law.
The terms “indoor” or “enclosed” are not defined by the law. Having no definition for this key term may make interpretation of substantive provisions difficult, which can hamper application and implementation of FCTC Art. 8 and the FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines. For example, the law lists places where smoking is prohibited specifying, in some instances, that smoking is prohibited in the “indoor” or “enclosed” parts of those places. Therefore, for interpretation of the law, a definition of “indoor” and “enclosed” should be provided.
The Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act imposes a duty on the manager of every place and on the operator of every vehicle specified as smoke free to display a sufficient number of notices of adequate size in conspicuous places indicating that the place or vehicle is smoke free. If convicted of a violation of this duty, managers and operators are subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.
Alternatively, pursuant to the Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) (Composition of Offences) Regulations, the Director-General has the discretion to “compound” any offense under the Act. In doing so, the person in violation agrees to pay a sum not exceeding $500 in exchange for having any further proceedings related to the offense dropped. For those managers and operators who violate the duty to post signs, current regulations set the amount offered to compound offenses at $200 for a first offense, and at $500 for second and subsequent offenses.
Section 48(1) of the Air Navigation Order imposes a duty to post notices indicating where smoking is prohibited in the aircraft. A notice must be visible from each passenger seat within the aircraft. Any individuals who are convicted of violating this provision are subject to a fine not exceeding $20,000 for a first offense; and to a fine of $40,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 15 months, or both, for a second or subsequent offense.
These provisions align with FCTC Art. 8 and the FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines in that they provide for a range of penalties and increased fines for repeat offenses.
There is no duty imposed upon business owners, employers, or supervisors to remove ashtrays from the premises. To align with FCTC Art. 8 and the FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines, the law should impose a duty upon the owner, manager, or other person in charge of the premises to remove ashtrays from the premises.
The Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act imposes a duty on the manager of any place or the operator of any vehicle specified as smoke free to take several steps to warn any person who smokes in violation of the law. First, the manager or operator must ask the individual to cease smoking immediately and to notify him of the penalty for failure to comply. Second, if the person fails to stop smoking, the manager or operator must ask the individual to leave immediately. Third, if the individual refuses to leave, the manager or operator may then seek the assistance of the police or other authorized officers.
Managers and operators who fail to take these steps and are convicted of the offense may be subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 for the first offense, and a fine not exceeding $2,000 for a second or subsequent conviction.
Alternatively, pursuant to the Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) (Composition of Offences) Regulations, the Director-General has the discretion to “compound” any offense under the Act. In doing so, the person in violation agrees to pay a sum not exceeding $500 in exchange for having any further proceedings related to the offense dropped. For those managers and operators who violate the duty to take steps to require a person to stop smoking, current regulations set the amount offered to compound offenses at $200 for a first offense, and at $500 for second and subsequent offenses.
The Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act implies a duty on smokers not to smoke where prohibited because the law imposes a fine for smoking in a place or vehicle that has been specified as smoke free. A fine not exceeding $1,000 is imposed on those convicted of such an offense.
Alternatively, pursuant to the Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) (Composition of Offences) Regulations, the Director-General has the discretion to “compound” any offense under the Act. In doing so, the person in violation agrees to pay a sum not exceeding $500 in exchange for having any further proceedings related to the offense dropped. Current regulations set the amount offered to compound offenses at $200.
Section 67 of the Railways Act imposes a duty on individuals not to smoke or chew any tobacco products in areas of the train where it is prohibited. Those in violation are subject to a fine not exceeding $20 for each offense. Any individual who persists using tobacco after being warned by a railway official or another passenger may be removed by any official from the train in addition to incurring the fine.
In addition, Sec. 6 of the Rapid Transit Systems Regulations imposes a duty on individuals not to smoke or carry any lighted tobacco products where expressly prohibited by notice. An individual may be removed from the rapid transit system for violating this regulation. Any individual convicted of violating the no smoking regulation is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000. Alternatively, pursuant to the Rapid Transit Systems Act, the offense may be compounded by the Chief Executive of the Land Transport Authority, in which case the person in violation agrees to pay one half of the prescribed fine in exchange for having further proceedings dropped.
Section 48(2) of the Air Navigation Order imposes a duty on individuals not to smoke in compartments of aircraft which have been designated as no-smoking areas. Any individual who is convicted of violating this provision is subject to a fine not exceeding $100,000 or to imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both.
The provisions under the Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act and the Air Navigation Order align with FCTC Art. 8 and the FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines in that they provide for a range of penalties and increased fines for repeat offenses. However, the penalties in the Railways Act do not align with FCTC Art. 8 and the FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines. FCTC Art. 8 Guidelines para. 32 provides that Parties should specify fines that are sufficiently large to deter violations. The fine imposed for violating the Railways Act’s restrictions on smoking may not exceed $20, which is a much lower amount than the other penalties. Singapore should consider whether a fine of up to $20 is sufficient to deter an individual from abiding by the smoking restrictions on trains. In addition, the Rapid Transit Systems Act should provide for a range of penalties and higher fines for repeat violations.
Individuals who are aggrieved by the smoking of another person in a smoke free place may lodge a complaint with the manager of that place. The manager then has a duty to take all reasonable steps to investigate the complaint and, if the complaint is found to be true, to take all steps as specified above (e.g., asking person to stop smoking, asking person to leave the premises if he fails to stop smoking, etc.).
Managers who fail to investigate such complaints may be subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 for a first offense, and a fine not exceeding $2,000 for a second or subsequent conviction.