Source: https://quackwatch.org/cases/doj/marschall/2011-2/warrant_application/
Timestamp: 2020-05-26 08:59:33
Document Index: 355839785

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 301', '§ 331', '§ 331', '§ 33', '§ 1001', '§ 352', '§ 381', '§352', '§ 355', '§ 321', '§ 353', '§ 352', '§ 352', '§ 33', '§ 331', '§ 331', '§ 331', '§ 331', '§331', '§ 33', '§ 331', '§1001', '§ 33', '§ 33', '§ 331', '§ 1001']

Illegal HCG Seized at Naturopathic Clinic | Quackwatch
Illegal HCG Seized at Naturopathic Clinic
On March 3, 2010, federal agents searched the Natural Healing Clinic in Port Angeles, Washington, and seized computers, patient files, and dozens of boxes of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG).
The clinic’s proprietor is naturopath Richard (Rick) Marschall, whose Web site described him as “primarily a bariatric endocrinologist.” HCG cannot be legally marketed in interstate commerce as a weight-loss drug. The FDA became concerned about Marschall after intercepting a shipment of unapproved and misbranded HCG addressed to him from an overseas pharmacy. Marschall also ordered (and received) illegally manufactured HCG from a compounding pharmacy in Florida.The affidavit below, written by an FDA investigator, notes that Marschall told an FDA official that he prescribed HCG for infertility. However, his Web site stated that he used it for weight-loss. In 2011, Marschall was charged with one count of causing the introduction of misbranded drugs.
Shortly afterward, he entered a guilty plea in which he acknowledged that he had lied to the FDA. The court sentenced him to 2 years
supervised release and ordered to provide 250 hours of community service and pay a $2000 fine plus a $100 special assessment.
In 1998, the Washington State Department of Health suspended Marschall’s license for 30 months with the provision that he could continue practicing if he did not treat out-of-state patients without physically examining them and treating them in tandem with a health-care professional from the state where the patient resides. He also agreed to pay a $3,000 administrative fine and to permit a Health Department investigator to audit records and review what he was doing twice a year for a two-year period.
I, Special Agent Ken Petroff, hereby state as follows:
AFFIANT BACKGROUND
I. I am employed as a Special Agent with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI). I am responsible for investigating violations of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), 21 U.S.C. § 301 et. seq. I have received specialized training by the FDA regarding food and drug laws and investigating violations of the FDCA. I have been employed as a law enforcement officer since 1991. This affidavit is based upon my training, experience, knowledge, involvement in discussions and events more particularly described below, and the knowledge or involvement of others involved in this investigation.
2. This affidavit is submitted in support of a search warrant to be served at THE NATURAL HEALING CLINIC located at 162 S. Barr Road, Port Angeles, Washington 98362 (hereinafter, the Subject Premises). The request for authorization to conduct a search at this location is based upon the development of facts which provide probable cause to believe that evidence of DR RICHARD (RICK) MARSCHALL’s involvement in the following crimes will be located at the Subject Premises: Causing the illegal introduction in interstate commerce of misbranded drugs in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 331(a) and 333(a)(2); Receiving in interstate commerce a drug that was misbranded, and the delivery or proffered delivery thereof for payor otherwise, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 331(c) and 333(a)(2); Causing the introduction into interstate commerce of an unapproved new drug, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 33 1 (d) and 333(a)(2); and False Statements, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001.
3. RICHARD MARSCHALL is the sole proprietor of THE NATURAL HEALING CLINIC. The Subject Premises are more fully described in Attachment A of this affidavit. Because this affidavit is being submitted for the limited purpose of securing a search warrant, I have not included each and every fact known to me concerning this investigation. I have set forth only those facts which I believe are necessary to establish probable cause supporting the issuance of a search warrant.
SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION AND SUMMARY
Dr. Richard Marschall
13. DR. RICHARD MARSCHALL is a licensed naturopathic physician in the State of Washington. Under Washington state law, naturopathic physicians are allowed, among other things, to prescribe and administer prescription drugs within their practice. According to both Washington State Department of Licensing and Washington State Department of Revenue records, RICHARD MARSCHALL is the sole proprietor of the NATURAL HEALING CLINIC located at Subject Premises. MARSCHALL also advertises his naturopathy practice on two websites, www.drrickmarschall.com and http://weight-Iossdoctor.com.
14. In 1997, the State of Washington Department of Health (DOH), Naturopathy Program charged MARSCHALL with Unprofessional Conduct for diagnosing patients with “functional hypothyroidism” and prescribing prescription thyroid hormone drugs to treat this diagnosis based solely on telephone, email and mail communications, without performing any physical examinations of the patients. In July 1998, the DOH suspended MARSCHALL’s license for 30 months on the condition that he could continue practicing if he did not treat out-of-state patients without physically examining them and treating them in tandem with a health-care professional from the state where the patient resides. On MARSCHALL’s current website, he advertises that he “treats patients from all over the United States. Some patients fly in to see him and others consult with him over the phone.”
15. The current investigation has revealed that MARSCHALL has been causing the importation of misbranded and unapproved new drugs containing the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), in violation of the FDCA. HCG is the active ingredient in several FDA approved drugs, including:
a. Pregnyl®, manufactured by Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions LLC for the NDA-holder, ORGANON USA INC., is approved for prepubertal cryptorchidism (undescended testicles in children) not due to anatomical obstruction; selected cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (hypogonadism secondary to a pituitary deficiency) in males; and induction of ovulation and pregnancy in the anovulatory, infertile woman in whom the cause of anovulation is secondary and not due to primary ovarian failure, and who has been appropriately pretreated with human menotropins.
b. Ovidrel®, manufactured by EMD Serano, is a recombinant HCG indicated for the induction of final follicular maturation and early luteinization in infertile women who have undergone pituitary desensitization and who have been appropriately pretreated with follicle stimulating hormones as part of an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) program such as in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Ovidrel@ is also indicated for the induction of ovulation (01) and pregnancy in anovulatory infertile patients in whom the cause of infertility is functional and not due to primary ovarian failure.
c. Novarel®, manufactured by DRAXIS Specialty Pharmaceuticals Inc., Quebec, Canada for Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc., Parsippany, NJ 07054, is indicated for prepubertal cryptorchidism not due to anatomic obstruction, selected cases of hypo gonadotropic hypogonadism (hypogonadism secondary to a pituitary deficiency) in males, and induction of ovulation and pregnancy in the anovulatory, infertile woman in whom the cause of anovulation is secondary and not due to primary ovarian failure, and who has been appropriately pretreated with human menotropins.
16. Numerous other uses of HCG are known to occur, although the FDA has not approved any HCG drug for other uses. HCG has gained popularity as a weight loss aid despite no evidence that it is safe or effective in promoting weight loss. Indeed, the approved labeling of Pregnyl®, Ovidrel® and Novarel® all contain the following warning statement:
HCG HAS NOT BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO BE EFFECTIVE ADJUNCTVE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY. THERE IS NO SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE TIIAT IT INCREASES WEIGIIT LOSS BEYOND THAT RESULTING FROM CALORIC RESTRICTION, TIIAT IT CAUSES A MORE ATTRACTIVE OR “NORMAL” DISTRIBUTION OF FAT, OR TIIAT IT DECREASES THE HUNGER AND DISCOMFORT ASSOCIATED WITH CALORIE-RESTRICTED DIET.
18. Despite the lack of scientific evidence of safety and efficacy of using HCG for weight loss, on his website www.DRRICKMARSCHALL.com. MARSCHALL refers to himself as a “Weight-Loss Doctor” and advertises the use of HCG as a weight loss drug. MARSCHALL’S web site claims: “Patients who went through the HCG injections lost 1 pound a day and kept the weight off to 70% over the period of 1936-1956.” Another claim on this website reads: Your body will sculpt the fat from the hips, buttocks, thighs, nape of the neck, breasts and belly, leaving the healthy fat alone and giving you the body you had as a young adult.”
The First Seizure of HCG Intended for Marschall
19. In February of 2009, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers at the
International Mail facility at JFK Airport in New York detained and examined an incoming parcel from India which was addressed to RICK A. MARSCHALL at the Subject Premises. After finding the parcel contained human drugs, CBP referred the package to FDA’s New York District Office. The package contained 15 boxes of a product called HUCOG, CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN INJECTION in 5000 IU units. The labeling on the boxes revealed the HUCOG was manufactured by Techpool Bio-Pharma of China and marketed by Bharat Serums and Vaccines, Limited of India. The package indicated that it was mailed to MARSCHALL from Pratham Pharma of Mumbai, India.)1
1I was unable to find a website for Pratham Pharma while searching the Internet. I did find an Internet article on the website, behindonlinepharma.com, in which the authors, a group of investigative journalism graduate students from Columbia University in New York City, describe purchasing the drug Prozac from an Internet website. The Prozac was delivered to the authors from Pratham Pharma with the same return address (in India) as that listed on RICK MARSCHALL’S package. According to the authors, the package was shipped through India Post and the U.S. Postal Service before reaching them.
20. On approximately February 6, 2009, FDA Compliance Officer Kristen Campbell of the New York Office sent a Notice of FDA Detention to RICK A. MARSCHALL at 162 South Barr Road, Port Angeles, Washington (Subject Premises). The Detention Notice advised MARSCHALL that “A mail shipment addressed to you from a foreign country is being held by the post office at the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).” The FDA Detention Notice also stated that the Chorionic Gonadotropin was subject to refusal of admission into the United States because the article appeared to be “Misbranded” under 21 U.S.C. § 352(1)(1) and thus could be refused entry pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 381(a)(3): “The article appears to lack adequate directions for use, and does not appear to be exempt from the requirement for such directions.” (“A drug shall be deemed to be misbranded unless its labeling bears adequate directions for use.” 21 U.S.C. §352(f)(1». The Detention Notice advised MARSCHALL that if he had good reason to believe that the product complied with the law, he could discuss the matter with FDA Compliance Officer Kristen Campbell.
21. On February 17, 2009, Kristen Campbell received an email from RICKMARSCHALL@MSN.COM regarding this HCG detention. The content of the email is as follows:
I am an endocrinologist, a hormone expert. I use Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to treat infertile patients. I require it in 5,000 units ampules most of the time. Some times use 10,000 unit ampules which I can get from American pharmaceutical manufacturers. But American manufacturers do not make 5,000 unit ampules. HCG has only a 60 day shelf life so when I need 5,000 unit ampules to treat over a longer period of time I must purchase them from pharmaceutical manufacturers who make it that way and they happen to be in other countries. I have been in practice 23 years and I have a lot of experience with HCG. The HCG that l get from these suppliers works just as well as the HCG I get from US manufacturers and cost about the same.
I hope you will release my shipment soon, I have several patients in need of treatment. If I can answer any other questions you have please email me.
FDA did not release the shipment of HCG to MARSCHALL.
22. On February 19, 2009, after receiving the email from MARSCHALL, Kristen Campbell sought the advice of FDA Consumer Safety Officer Bill Nychis of FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Nychis has experience in dealing with imported HCG. Nychis advised Campbell to keep the HCG under detention since it appeared to be an unapproved new drug.
27. Neither of MARSCHALL’s websites mentions treating patients for infertility. Both websites discuss the use of HCG for weight loss.
28. MARSCHALL’s primary website states, “I am primarily a bariatric endocrinologist, though family medicine has been the backbone of my practice.” I have searched the Washington DOH website and have been unable to find a definition for a bariatric endocrinologist. The DOH website glossary does provide a definition for an endocrinologist. “An endocrinologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diseases and disorders of the endocrine system (such as thyroid diseases and diabetes).” According to the DOH, as well as MARSCHALL’s own websites, DR. MARSCHALL is a Naturopathic Doctor (NO), not a Medical Doctor (MD).
29. Soon after initiating this investigation in June of 2009, I learned that Investigator Carol Neva of DOH was also investigating DR. MARSCHALL. Investigator Neva was and is investigating MARSCHALL for prescribing HCG to a patient without a proper examination of that patient. In November of 2009, Investigator Neva and I discussed whether DR. MARSCHALL could rightfully refer to himself as an endocrinologist as he does on his website. On November 2, 2009, Carol Neva forwarded me an email from Susan Gragg, Naturopathy Program Manager at the DOH. Ms. Gragg advised that a naturopath cannot refer to himself as an endocrinologist. According to Ms Gragg, “An Endocrinologist is an MD or DO physician who is board certified either in Internal Medicine AND sub-specialty board certified in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism or sub-specialty board certified in Pediatric Endocrinology.” Ms. Gragg stated that “bariatrics” refers to the causes, preventions, and treatments of obesity. Bariatrics is not specific to a particular profession.
THE SECOND SEIZURE OF HCG INTENDED FOR MARSCHALL
30. In June or July of 2009, a second package of HCG mailed from Pratham Pharma in Mumbai, India, and addressed to RICK A. MARSCHALL at the Subject Premises was stopped and examined by CBP at JFK Airport in New York. The package contained 15 boxes of OVIDAC, CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN INJECTION, HCG 5000 IU. OVIDAC is manufactured by Cadila Healthcare Limited of India and marketed by German Remedies (a division of Cadila Healthcare Limited) of Mumbai, India. Once again, the package was referred to the FDA’s New York: District Office.
31. On July 2, 2009, FDA Compliance Officer Helen Jacobs sent a Notice of FDA Detention to RICK MARSCHALL at the Subject Premises. The Detention Notice advised MARSCHALL that his shipment of Chorionic Gonadotropin was being detained because “The article appears to be a new drug without an approved new drug application.” Pursuant to 21 U .S.C. § 355, “No person shall introduce or deliver for introduction into interstate commerce any new drug, unless an approval of [a new drug application] is effective with respect to such drug.” The Detention Notice advised MARSCHALL that ifhe had good reason to believe that the product complied with the law, he could discuss the matter with Compliance Officer Helen Jacobs.
32. On July 14, 2009, Helen Jacobs received an email from the address RICKMARSCHALL@MSN.COM which read as follows:
Helen Jacobs, Compliance Officer
This letter is regarding a 15 piece shipment of 5,000 units of chorionic gonadotropin (cg). I currently purchase CG in 10,000 unit amounts from 4 different American pharmaceutical companies who ONL Y manufacture CG in this amount for the treatment of certain patients. I would be happy to provide you with evidence of these purchases if necessary. I must prescribe CG in 5,000 unit doses to other patients but these amounts can only be purchased from companies outside the U.S. This is the only prescription medicine I purchase outside of the United States but it is necessary for my patients. Please release this purchase and consider keeping this letter on file for future purchases if possible.
33. After receiving MARSCHALL’S email, Helen Jacobs contacted Bill Nychis of FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research for advice. Nychis explained that the FDA approved products which contain HCG are utilized to promote ovulation induction, and therefore increase the chances of pregnancy. The drug Pregnyl® is FDA approved and contains HCG. In an email to Jacobs on July 14, 2009, Nychis stated, It Pregnyl consists of a lyophilized powder and a sterile diluent for reconstitution prior to injection. It is FDA’s position that the lyophilized powder is not an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), but a finished drug product. If DR. MARSCHALL wishes to import a similar product, it must be the subject of an approved New Drug Application (NDA). Consequently, if such product does not have NDA approval, we can detain it as an unapproved new drug. In the world of perfonnance enhancing drugs, HCG is increasingly used in combination with various anabolic, androgenic steroid (AAS) cycles. Unapproved HCG is also imported and used for weight loss.”
34. I have checked the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research database for approved New Drug Applications (NDA’s) for both HUCOG and OVIDAC and have found that neither drug has received FDA approval.
TRASH SEARCHES CONDUCTED
AT MARSCHALL’S RESIDENCE AND CLINIC
35. MARSCHALL’s residence is located at 196 S. Barr Road in Port Angeles. The residence sits directly behind (just west of) the NATURAL HEALING CLINIC. Murrey’s Olympic Disposal of Port Angeles is the trash collection service in the area where the clinic is located. According to Customer Information records obtained from Murrey’s, the trash collection account at 196 S. Barr Road in Port Angeles, Washington, is in the name of RICK MARSCHALL with a phone number of (360) 457-1515. The trash collection account at the Subject Premises, is in the name of NATURAL HEALING, with a phone number of (360) 457-1515.
36. On July 30, 2009, I observed the trash collector from Murrey’s pick up the trash from THE NATURAL HEALING CLINIC at the Subject Premises and the MARSCHALL residence at 196 S. Barr Road in Port Angeles, WA. The trash from the two locations was not separated from each other, but was not intermingled with trash from any other locations. Among other items in the trash, I found a foil and plastic package for HUCOG, 5000 IU, CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN INJECTION. The lyophilized powder of HCG had been removed but the small vial of Sodium Chloride for injection was intact. HUCOG is the same product seized by CBP and detained by FDA at JFK Airport in February of 2009. I also found an empty cardboard box and package insert for OVIDAC HCG 5000 IU, CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN INJECTION. OVIDAC is the same product seized by CBP and detained by FDA at JFK Airport in July of 2009.
37. On January 14, ,2010, I conducted another trash search at the NATURAL HEALING CLINIC and the MARSCHALL residence. On this occasion, I rode with the Murrey’s Disposal driver and observed him place plastic trash bags from the NATURAL HEALING CLINIC into a trash barrel. We then backed into the driveway of 196 S. Barr Road, and I observed the driver place plastic trash bags from the MARSCHALL residence into a separate trash barrel. I searched the contents of both barrels. In the trash collected from the NATURAL HEALING CLINIC, I found some empty cardboard boxes bearing the name GBTRX, INC of Boca Raton, Fl. There were adhesive labels on the boxes containing the following information:
KRS GLOBAL BIOTECHNOLOGY INC. (GBTRX)
791 Park of Commerce Blvd, Boca Raton, Ft 33487
RICK MARSHALL [sic]
162 S. Barr Rd. Port Angeles, WA 98362
HCG 5000 IU INJECTABLE
I also found an empty cardboard box of OVIDAC HCG 5000 IU, CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN INJECTION. I found an empty glass vial of OVIDAC CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN INJECTION with an accompanying small glass vial of Sodium Chloride for injection. The OVIDAC packaging is identical to what I found when searching the trash from both MARSCHALL’s residence and THE NATURAL HEALING CLINIC on July 30, 2009. This would indicate that MARSCHALL has been able to successfully obtain the unapproved and misbranded foreign HCG drugs despite the two Detention Notices he received from FDA.
38. The packaging of HCG from KRS GLOBAL BIOTECHNOLOGY of Florida indicates that MARSCHALL may have found a domestic source of HCG. It is also reasonable to believe that MARSCHALL wanted to find a domestic supplier of HCG in order to avoid having any more of his foreign HCG orders detained by FDA.
39. On its website, WWW.GBTRX.COM. GLOBAL BIOTECHNOLOGY is described as a “compounding pharmacy.” Traditionally, a true compounding pharmacy basically provides drugs in specific dosages or delivery methods which are customized for a specific patient who is unable, for some medical reason, to take a commercially available approved drug product in its original form. However, according to information I obtained from consultations with FDA experts on the matter, I have learned that there are compounding pharmacies which illegally obtain finished foreign drugs (such as HCG) and re-package or re-label the drugs for sale in the United States. Unless the HCG which was contained in the empty GLOBAL BIOTECHNOLOGY boxes found during the most recent trash search was compounded from an FDA approved drug, it appears that RICK MARSCHALL ordered an unapproved, misbranded version of HCG from GLOBAL BIOTECHNOLOGY.
INTERVIEW OF A PATIENT WHO OBTAINED HCG FROM MARSCHALL
40. On October 8, 2009, I spoke with DOH Investigator Carol Neva. Neva has initiated a DOH investigation into MARSCHALL for the improper prescribing of HCG. Neva told me that a patient of MARSCHALL’s had obtained a prescription for HCG for weight loss. On January 8,2010, I interviewed the patient who requested anonymity. The patient will be referred to as Source 1.
41. Source I told me he/she was referred to DR. MARSCHALL by a friend who had been prescribed HCG by MARSCHALL for the purpose of losing weight. The friend told Source I that he/she had lost 25 pounds while using HCG. Source 1 called MARSCHALL’S office and MARSCHALL conducted a “phone consultation.” MARSCHALL asked about Source 1’s medical history and any medications Source 1 was taking. Source I paid $500 by credit card to MARSCHALL and was sent a weight loss kit. The kit consisted of one vial labeled as HCG (a clear liquid), needles for injection, 3 bottles of supplements/vitamins, and an unknown substance which was kept in Source l’s freezer.
42. Source 1 stated he/she self injected the HCG for three days then stopped the program. Source 1 noticed no changes in his/her weight as a result of the HCG use. Source 1 sold the remainder of the weight loss kit to a co-worker. This co-worker’s mother is a Registered Nurse in the State of Washington who eventually sent the vial of HCG to Investigator Neva, prompting the Washington DOH investigation.
43. Source 1 told me MARSCHALL never told hirn/her that HCG is primarily a drug used to treat infertility in women. Source 1 also stated that MARSCHALL never mentioned the possibility of any side effects from using the drug. I have checked the websites of the three FDA-approved drugs which contain HCG: Novarel, Ovidre1, and Pregnyl. The website for each drug states that these drugs should only be prescribed by physicians experienced or thoroughly familiar with infertility treatments. In addition, the websites for Novarel and Pregnyl list adverse reactions possible from the use of their drugs. These adverse reactions include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome which is a serious medical problem that can happen when the ovaries are overstimulated. There is also the possibility of rupturing ovarian cysts which can result in internal bleeding.
44. Source I reiterated that he/she never had a face to face meeting with MARSCHALL. This is the same conduct for which MARSCHALL was disciplined by DOH in 1998.
45. On February 9, 2010, I met with Investigator Neva and took custody of the vial of HCG which had been received by Source I. The glass vial contains a clear liquid and bears a label which reads:
DR. RICK MARSCHALL, TELEPHONE 360-457-1515
MEDICATION: HCG 10,000 IU LOT # 204127
INJECT .15 ML UNDER SKIN DAILY. SKIP EVERY 7TH DAY
The label bears the name of Source 1 and the date 2112/09. This label is covering what appears to be the original label on the vial which has a green border. The words “chorionic gonado” are legible on the original label. I have sent this vial to FDA’s Forensic Chemistry Center for analysis.
FEDERAL VIOLATIONS OF LAW
46. Based on the inserts contained with the packages of HUCOG and OVIDAC which MARSCHALL attempted to import, the articles appear to meet the FDA definition of a drug at 21 U.S.C. § 321(g). Both inserts contain statements that the HCG (either HUCOG or OVIDAC) is used in the treatment of infertility, a recognized medical condition. Likewise, MARSCHALL’s website clearly indicates he uses HCG as a weight-loss treatment, and makes no mention of treating children with undescended testicles or woman for infertility, or any other condition for which any HCG drug has been approved. On the “Services” link of his primary website, MARSCHALL lists numerous services he provides at TIIE NATURAL HEALING CLINIC, including Artery Chelation Therapy, Gluten Intolerance, Weight-Loss Doctor, and others. The treatment of infertility is not listed among the services offered by MARSCHALL.
47. Injectable HCG used to treat prepubertal cryptorchidism, infertility, or as a weight loss treatment is not safe to use except under the supervision of a licensed practitioner, and is thus a prescription drug as defined at 21 U.S.C. § 353(b).
48. As previously noted, it is impossible to write adequate directions for a layperson to use a prescription drug, and thus, absent a statutory or regulatory exemption, all prescription drugs are misbranded pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 352(f)(1). Unapproved new drugs are not exempt from the application of 21 U.S.C. § 352(f)(1). Thus, the Indian and Chinese HCG that MARSCHALL attempted to import, as well as the foreign HCG that he appears to have succeeded in illegally importing, are misbranded drugs, since they are prescription drugs lacking adequate directions for use.
49. As previously explained, 21 U.S.C. § 33 1 (a) prohibits the introduction or delivery for introduction into interstate commerce of any drug that is misbranded. Similarly, 21 U.S.C. § 331(c) prohibits the receipt in interstate commerce of any drug that is misbranded and the delivery or proffered delivery thereof for pay or otherwise. The causing of both of these acts is also prohibited under 21 U.S.C. § 331. There is probable cause to believe DR. RICK MARSCHALL violated 21 U.S.C. § 331(a) by causing the introduction into interstate commerce, from India to the U.S., of misbranded drugs. The HUCOG and OVIDAC ordered from India by MARSCHALL were misbranded in that they lacked adequate directions for use. Likewise, there is probable cause to believe MARSCHALL violated 21 U.S.C. § 331(c) by receiving in interstate commerce misbranded drugs (HUCOG and OVIDAC) and delivering those drugs to the two patients described above, as well as others. His website and the trash most recently recovered from his property provide probable cause that he continues to offer misbranded drugs for sale to patients.
50. The Chinese and Indian drug products also meet the definition of new drugs, since these drugs are not generally recognized as safe and effective for the uses described in their labeling. Thus, when MARSCHALL ordered these drugs from India, he caused the introduction into interstate commerce of unapproved new drugs, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §331(d).
51. Based on the evidence gathered in this investigation, there is probable cause to believe RICK MARSCHALL has committed these violations with the intent to defraud and/or mislead the Food and Drug Administration and Customs authorities, as well as at least two of his patients. As previously described, on February 17, 2009, in an email response to the first FDA detention notice, MARSCHALL claimed to be “an endocrinologist, a hormone expert” using the HCG to “treat infertile patients;” that he needed these drugs in 5000 unit ampules; and no U.S. FDA-approved HCG drug comes in 5000 IU vials. As previously noted, according to the DOH Naturopathy Program, a naturopathic doctor (ND) cannot refer to himself as an endocrinologist (which is an MD or DO who is board certified in Internal Medicine and sub-specialty board certified in Endocrinology). Furthermore, based on information obtained from MARSCHALL’S own website, it appears the intended use of the HCG was not for infertility trea1ment but for weight loss. Source I told me he/she purchased the HCG from MARSCHALL in 2009, and it was understood that he/she had received the HCG for the purpose of losing weight. There is probable cause to believe that MARSCHALL made the misrepresentations to mislead FDA in an attempt to facilitate the successful introduction of unapproved, misbranded new drugs into the United States. I believe this conduct constitutes felony violations of 21 U.S.C. §§ 33 I (a), (c), and (d).
52. On his website, www.drrickmarschall.com. MARSCHALL claims to be a “bariatric endocrinologist.” There is probable cause to believe this misleading claim is made to persuade potential patients that MARSCHALL holds specialized training in endocrinology. It is reasonable to believe that an overweight person seeking assistance in losing weight would consider MARSCHALL’S false claim of being an endocrinologist as a material fact to consider when seeking professional assistance. This conduct also supports felony violations of 21 U.S.C. §§ 331 (a) (c) and (d).
53. Likewise, MARSCHALL’s misrepresentations to FDA Compliance Officer Kristen Campbell in February of 2009, claiming to be “an endocrinologist, a hormone expert” importing HCG to treat infertility, were materially false statements made to a member of the executive branch of the federal government acting in their official capacity, about a matter within the jurisdiction of the FDA, and thus, false statements in violation of 18 U.S.C. §1001.
54. Based upon the facts set forth in this affidavit, I submit that probable cause exists to search the premises described in Attachment A for the fruits, evidence, and instrumentalities of crimes, specifically, violations of the following statutes:
a. 21 U.S.C. § 33 1 (a) – Causing the introduction into interstate commerce of a misbranded drug.
b. 21 U.S.C. § 33 1 (c) – The receipt in interstate commerce of a misbranded drug and the delivery of such drug for pay.
c. 21 U.S.C. § 331(d) – Causing the introduction into interstate commerce of an unapproved new drug.
d. 18 U.S.C. § 1001 – False Statements
SEARCH AND/OR SEIZURE OF DIGITAL DEVICES
55. As set forth above and in Attachment B to this Affidavit, I seek permission to search for and seize evidence, fruits and instrumentalities of the above-referenced crimes that might be found on the Subject Premises, in whatever form they are found. It has been my experience that it is common for people who import and distribute unapproved drugs to use digital devices2 to communicate with suppliers of these drugs and to place orders for these drugs. In this instance, DR. RICK MARSCHALL has communicated with FDA by email using the account. RlCKMARSCHALLrli)MSN.COM. MARSCHALL is also maintaining two websites: WWW.DRRICKMARSCHALL.COM and http://WEIGHT-LOSSDOCTOR.COM. Itis likely that MARSCHALL uses his own computer to maintain these websites and to communicate with suppliers of HCG and potential patients. Due to my training and experience, I know that the ordering and shipping of products is facilitated by the use of computers. As a result, one form in which these items maybe found is as electronic evidence stored on a digital device.
2The term “digital devices” is used in this Affidavit to refer to any electronic system or device capable of storing and/or processing data in digital form, including but not limited to central processing units, laptops or notebook computers, personal digital assistants, wireless communication devices such as telephone paging devices, beepers, and mobile telephones; peripheral input/output devices such as cameras, keyboards, printers, scanners, plotters, monitors, and drives intended for removable media. related communications devices such as modems, cables, and connections, and electronic storage media such as hard disk drives, floppy disks, compact discs, thumb drives, DVDs, flash drives and memory chips; and security devices necessary to access data on a digital device such as flash drives containing encryption keys, key fobs displaying periodically changing codes used to access a computer or cards and card readers without which a computer might be inaccessible.
56. Based on my training and experience and my consultation with FDA/Office of Criminal Investigations Special Agent Robert B1enkinsop, who has approximately eight years of specialized training and experience in searching for electronic evidence, I know that every type and kind of information, data, record, sound or image can exist and be present as electronically stored information on any of a variety of computers, computer systems, digital devices, and other electronic storage media. I also know that electronic evidence can be moved easily from one digital device to another. As a result, I believe that electronic evidence may be stored on any digital device present at the search site.
57. Based on my training and experience, and my consultation with SA Blenkinsop, I know that in some cases the items set forth in Attachment B may take the form of files, documents, and other data that is user-generated and found on a digital device. In other cases, these items may take the form of other types data – including in some cases autonomous device-generated data – found on a digital device.
58. Based on my training and experience, and my consultation with SA Blenkinsop, I believe that if digital devices are found on the Subject Premises, there is probable cause to believe that the items set forth in Attachment B will be stored in those digital devices for a number of reasons, including but not limited to the following:
a. Once created, electronically stored information (“ESI”) can be stored for years in very little space and at little or no cost. A great deal of electronic information is created, and stored, moreover, even without a conscious act on the part of the device operator. For example, files that have been viewed via the Internet are sometimes automatically downloaded into a temporary Internet directory or “cache,” without the knowledge of the device user. The browser often maintains a fixed amount of hard drive space devoted to these files, and the files are only overwritten as they are replaced with more recently viewed Internet pages or if a user takes steps to delete them. ESI that is so created and stored may include relevant and significant evidence regarding criminal activities, but also, and just as important, may include evidence of the identity of the device user, and when and how the device was used. Most often, some affirmative action is necessary to delete ESI. And even when such action has been deliberately taken, ESI can often be recovered, months or even years later, using forensic tools. This is so because when a person “deletes” a file on a device, the data contained in the file does not actually disappear; rather, that data remains on the storage medium until it is overwritten by new data. As a result, deleted files, or remnants of deleted files, may reside in free space or slack space – that is, in space on the storage medium that is not currently being used by an active file – for long periods of time before they are overwritten. In addition, a computer’s operating system may also keep a record of deleted data in a “swap” or “recovery” file.
b. Wholly apart from data created directly (or indirectly) by user-generated files, digital devices – in particular, a computer’s internal hard drive – contain electronic evidence of how a digital device has been used, what it has been used for, and who has used it. This evidence can take the form of operating system configurations, artifacts from operating systems or application operations, file system data structures, and virtual memory “swap” or paging files. Computer users typically do not erase or delete this evidence, because special software is typically required for that task. However, it is technically possible for a user to use such software to delete this type of information and, the use of such special software may itself result in ESI that is relevant to the criminal investigation.
59. In addition, based on my training and experience, and my consultation with
SA Blenkinsop, I believe that although some of the items described in Attachment B to this Affidavit might be found in the form of user-generated data (e.g., discrete word processing, picture and movie “files”), digital devices can contain other forms of electronic evidence as well, including but not limited to the following:
a. Forensic evidence of how a digital device was used, the purpose of its use, and when it was used. For example, data on a digital device or electronic storage medium not currently associated with any file can provide evidence of a file that was once on the storage medium, but has since been deleted or edited (e.g., an earlier version of a document). Virtual memory paging systems can leave traces of information on the electronic storage medium that show what tasks and processes were recently active. Web browsers, e-mail programs, and chat programs store configuration information on the storage medium that can reveal information such as online nicknames and passwords. Operating systems can record additional information such as whether peripherals or Universal Serial Bus (“USB”) flash storage devices or other external storage media were attached, and the times the digital device was in use. Computer file systems can record information about the dates files were created and the sequence in which they were created.
b. Forensic evidence on a digital device can also indicate who used or controlled it. This “user attribution” evidence is analogous to the search for “indica of occupancy” when executing a search warrant at a residence. For example, registry information, configuration files, user profiles, e-mail, e-mail address books, “chat,” instant messaging logs, photographs, and correspondence (and the data associated with the foregoing, such as file creation and last accessed dates) may be evidence of who used or controlled the digital device or storage medium at a relevant time.
c. A person with appropriate familiarity with how digital devices work can, after examining the kind of forensic evidence that-is described above in its proper context, draw conclusions about how a particular digital device was used, the purpose of its use, who used it, and when.
d. Moreover, the process of identifying the exact files, blocks, registry entries, logs, or other forms of forensic evidence on a digital device that are necessary to draw accurate conclusions is a dynamic process. Although it is possible to specify in advance with particularity a description of the records to be sought, forensic evidence of the type set forth above is not always data that can be identified in advance. Whether ESI on a digital device is evidence may depend on other information stored’ on the digital device and determining how the particular digital device behaves. Therefore, contextual information necessary to understand the evidence described in Attachment B also falls within the scope of the warrant.
e. Further, in finding evidence of how a digital device was used, the purpose of its use, who used it, and when, sometimes it is necessary to establish that a particular thing is not present. For example, although there is no specific evidence concerning the use of malicious software in this investigation, it is possible that such software can be installed on a computer, often without the computer user’s knowledge, that can in turn make the computer accessible by others, sometimes without the knowledge of the computer owner. Also, the presence or absence of counter-forensic programs (and associated data) that are designed to eliminate data may be relevant to establishing the user’s intent. To investigate the crimes described in this warrant, it may be necessary to investigate whether any such malicious software is present, and, if so, whether the presence of that malicious software might explain the presence of other items found on the digital device and/or electronic storage medium.
60. For the reasons set forth above, and as further described in Attachment B to this Affidavit, I seek permission to locate not only user-generated data (e.g., word processing, picture and movie files) that might serve as direct evidence of the crimes set forth above, but also for evidence that establishes how a digital device was used, the purpose of its use, who used it, and when.
61. In addition, based on my training and experience and that of SA Blenkinsop, I know that in most cases it is impossible to successfully conduct a complete, accurate, and reliable search for electronic evidence stored on a digital device during the physical search of a search site. This is true for a nunber of reasons, including but not limited to the following:
a. Technical Requirements: Searching digital devices for criminal evidence is a highly technical process requiring specific expertise and a properly controlled environment. The vast array of digital hardware and software available requires even digital experts to specialize in particular systems and applications, so it is difficult to know before a search which expert is qualified to analyze the particular system( s) and electronic evidence found at a search site. As a result, it is not always possible to bring to the search site all of the necessary personnel, technical manuals, and specialized equipment to conduct a thorough search of every possible digital device/system present. In addition, electronic evidence search protocols are exacting scientific procedures designed to protect the integrity of the evidence and to recover even hidden, erased, compressed, password-protected, or encrypted files. Since ESI is extremely vulnerable to inadvertent or intentional modification or destruction (both from external sources or from destructive code embedded in the system such as a “booby trap”), a controlled environment is often essential to ensure its complete and accurate analysis.
b. Volume of Evidence: The volume of data stored on many digital devices is typically so large that it is impossible to search for criminal evidence in a reasonable period of time during the execution of the physical search ofa search site. A single megabyte of storage space is the equivalent of 500 double-spaced pages of text. A single gigabyte of storage space, or 1,000 megabytes, is the equivalent of 500,000 double­spaced pages of text. Storage devices capable of storing sixty gigabytes of data are now commonplace in desktop computers. Consequently, each non-networked, desktop computer found during a search can easily contain the equivalent of 30 million pages of dat~ whic~ if printed out, would completely fill a 20′ x 24′ x 10′ room to the ceiling. Just duplicating a single, sixty megabyte hard drive under laboratory conditions in a manner that ensures that an accurate mirror image has been made takes at a minimum several hours and, in certain cases, can take up to a full day to complete.
c. Hidden or Obfuscated Evidence. It is possible that digital device users can conceal data within the devices through a number of methods, including the use of innocuous or misleading filenames and extensions. For example, files with the extension “.jpg” often are image files; however, a user can easily change the extension to “.txt” to conceal the image and make it appear as though the file contains text. Similarly, users can encode communications to avoid using key words that would be consistent with the criminal activity. Users also can attempt to conceal ESI by using encryption technologies. For example, some encryption systems require that a password or device, such as a “dongle” or “keycard,” be used to obtain a readable form of the data. In addition users can conceal electronic evidence within another seemingly unrelated and innocuous file using a process known as “steganography.” For example, by using steganography, a user can conceal text in an image file in such a way that it cannot be read when the image file is opened using ordinary means. As a result, law enforcement personnel may have to search all the stored data to determine which particular files contain items that may be seized pursuant to the warrant. This sorting process can take a substantial amount of time, depending on the volume of data stored and other factors.
d. Deleted or Downloaded Files. Digital devices allow suspects to
delete files to attempt to evade detection or to take other steps designed to frustrate law enforcement searches for information. However, searching authorities can recover electronic files or remnants of such files months or even years after they have been downloaded onto a hard drive, deleted, or viewed via the Internet. When a person “deletes” a file on a home computer, for example, the data contained in the file do not actually disappear; rather, the data remain on the hard drive until they are overwritten by new data. As a result, deleted files, or remnants of deleted files, may reside in free or “slack” space (Le., in space on the hard drive that is not allocated to an active file or that is unused after a file has been allocated to a set block of storage space) for long periods of time before they are overwritten. A device’s operating system may also keep a record of deleted data in a swap or recovery file. Similarly, files that have been viewed via the Internet are automatically downloaded into a temporary Internet directory or cache. The browser typically maintains a fixed amount of drive space devoted to these files, and the files are only overwritten as they are replaced with more recently viewed Internet pages. Thus, the ability to retrieve the residue of an electronic file from a hard drive depends less on when the file was downloaded or viewed than on a particular user’s operating system, storage capacity, and computer habits.
e. Search Techniques. Because of the above-described technical requirements, volume of evidence, and the ability of suspects to delete, download, hide and/or obfuscate evidence, the analysis of ESI may necessitate any or all of several different digital forensics techniques. Such techniques may include, but are not limited to, surveying various file “directories” and the individual files they contain (analogous to looking at the outside of a file cabinet for the pertinent files in order to locate the evidence and instrumentalities authorized for seizure by the warrant); “opening” or reading the first few “pages” of such files in order to determine their precise contents; “scanning” storage areas to discover and possibly recover recently deleted data; scanning storage areas for deliberately hidden files; and performing electronic “keyword” searches through all electronic storage areas to determine whether occurrances of language contained in such storage areas exist that are related to the subject matter of the investigation.
62. Based on the evidence I have uncovered during the course of this investigation, as well as my training and experience and consultation with SA Blenkinsop, I believe there is a low risk of destruction of the ESI for which there is probable cause. I have no reason to believe that DR. MARSCHALL is intentionally destroying the ESI we seek to search and seize. I have made no prior efforts to seize the ESI through other judicial means. However, based on the facts described above, in particular DR. MARSCHALL’s efforts to circumvent the FDCA importation requirements and apparent success in acquiring misbranded drugs from other sources, I believe that the risk of destruction of the ESI we seek would substantially increase ifhe were made aware of our investigation.
63. In accordance with the information in this affidavit, law enforcement personnel will execute the search of digital devices seized pursuant to this warrant as follows:
a. The search of digital devices authorized pursuant to this warrant will not be performed by law enforcement personnel who are assigned investigatory responsibilities in this case. That search, and the seizure therefrom of ESI that falls within the scope of Attachment B to this affidavit will be performed, instead, by a separate ESI Filter Team.” The ESI Filter Team will be comprised of one or more law enforcement personnel who have received training commensurate to the task. The ESI Team will not be involved directly in the investigation of the case for which the instant warrant is authorized.
b. I recognize that THE NATURAL HEALING CLINIC is a functioning company and that a seizure and removal of the business’s computer network may have the unintended and undesired effect of limiting the clinic’s ability to provide service to its legitimate customers who are not engaged in fraudulent activity. In response to these concerns, the agents who execute the search will take an incremental approach to minimize the inconvenience to THE NATURAL HEALING CLINIC’s customers and to minimize the need to seize equipment and data. This incremental approach, which will be explained to the ESI Filter Team before the search is executed, will include the procedures outlined in this affidavit.
c. Upon securing the search site, the ESI Filter Team will conduct an initial review of any digital devices/systems to determine whether the ESI contained therein can be searched and/or duplicated on site in a reasonable amount of time and without jeopardizing the ability to accurately preserve the data.
d. The ESI Filter T earn will attempt to create an electronic “image” of all computers that are likely to store the data described in the warrant. Generally speaking, imaging is the taking of a complete electronic picture of the computer’s data, including all hidden sectors and deleted files. Imaging a computer permits the agents to obtain an exact copy of the computer’s stored data without actually seizing the computer hardware. The ESI Filter Team will then conduct an off-site search for the computer files described in the warrant from the image copy at a later date.
e. If based on their training and experience, and the resources available to them at the search site, the ESI Filter Team determines it is not practical to make an on-site search; or to make an on-site copy of the ESI within a reasonable amount of time and without jeopardizing the ability to accurately preserve the data, then the digital devices will be seized and transported to an appropriate law enforcement laboratory for review and to be forensically copied (“imaged,”) as appropriate. If employees of THE NATURAL HEALING CLINIC so request the ESI Filter Team, to the extent practicable, will attempt to provide the employees with copies of any files not within the scope of the warrant that may be necessary or important to the continuing function of the clinic’s legitimate business, prior to leaving the business. If, after inspecting the computers, the ESI Filter Team determines that some or all of this equipment is no longer necessary to retrieve and preserve the evidence, the government will return it as soon as possible, but in any event, no later than 60 days after the date of seizure.
f. In order to examine the ESI in a forensically sound manner, the ESI Filter Team will produce a complete forensic image, if possible and appropriate, of any digital device that is found to contain data or items that fall within the scope of Attachment B of this Affidavit. The ESI Filter Team, exclusively, will review the forensic image/s, and/or the seized digital device/so The ESI Filter Team, exclusively, will segregate, from among the ESI contained in the forensic image/s, and/or on the digital devices, the items and data authorized to be seized under the terms of Attachment B to this affidavit and copy that ESI, only, to separate storage media. The ESI Filter Team will provide to investigating agents only the ESI as is authorized to be seized under the terms of Attachment B to this affidavit. The ESI Filter Team is authorized to provide such ESI immediately upon its discovery, but will also – as set forth above – electronically copy that ESI, only, to separate electronic storage media and provide the separate electronic storage media containing the ESI to the investigating agents. The ESI Filter Team will not transmit to the investigatory team ESI to which it has gained access only because the ESI Filter Team was required to segregate siezable from nonseizable(if when that information is not within the scope of the warrant. The United States forswears reliance on the ”plain view” doctrine in the execution of this warrant.
g. In order to search fully for the items identified in the warrant, the ESI Filter Team may examine all of the data contained in the forensic image/s and/or on the digital devices to view their precise contents and determine whether the data fall within the list of items to be seized pursuant to the warrant. In addition, the ESI Filter Team may search for and attempt to recover deleted, hidden, or encrypted data to determine whether the data fall within the list of items to be seized pursuant to the warrant.
h. The search techniques that will be used will be those methodologies, techniques and protocols as may reasonably be expected to find, identify, segregate and/or duplicate the items authorized to be seized pursuant to Attachment B to this affidavit. These methodologies, techniques, and protocols may include the use of a “hash value” library to exclude normal operating system files that do not need to be further searched. SA Blenkinsop has informed me that he will only use these hash value libraries to exclude known files, and not in an attempt to locate evidentiary ESI.
i. If, after conducting its examination, the ESI Filter Team determines that any digital device is an instrumentality of the criminal offenses referenced above, the government may seek an additional order from the issuing judicial officer authorizing the retention of such items/s, as necessary to, among other things, preserve the instrumentality evidence for trial, ensure the chain of custody, and litigate the issue of forfeiture.
j. Unless the government seeks an additional order of authorization from the issuing judicial officer, the government will return any digital device that has been forensically copied, that is not an instrumentality of the crime, and that may be lawfully possessed by the person/entity from whom it was seized, to the person/entity from whom it was seized within 60 days of seizure.
64. Unless the government seeks and obtains an order for an extension of time, the government shall provided the issuing judicial officer with a return, within 60 days of seizure, that includes a sworn certificate that:
a. discloses what ESI it has obtained;
b. certifies what ESI it has returned;
c. certifies it has returned the actual digital device(s) seized, except those that the judicial officer has by an additional order authorized may be retained;
d. certifies it has destroyed any copy made of the ESI that is outside the scope of the warrant.
65. The government may seek an additional order authorizing the retention of the complete forensic image of any digital device/s seized under justifiable circumstances, including, but not limited to the following:
a. It is not possible, with a reasonable degree of certainty, for the ESI Filter Team to segregate all of the evidence that falls within the scope of Attachment B from the forensic image, in its entirety.
b. Data from among the ESI may later be needed as evidence in a trial or another proceeding, in which case the authenticity and the integrity of the evidence and the government’s forensic methodology may be contested. A complete forensic image may be required to resolve those issues.
c. Destruction of all or any portion of a forensic image could create an opportunity for a defendant to claim, (even falsely), that the ESI that was destroyed included evidence that was exculpatory. Preservation of the forensic image, in its entirety, would permit access by the defendant to such material, and also allow the government, through an additional warrant if necessary, to investigate such a claim.
d. The case is one in which a defendant could suggest in his defense that the presence of inculpatory evidence was the result of the independent actions of another (such as a computer “hack,” or infection by a malicious computer virus or other “malware”), in which case it may be necessary to investigate such an explanation by, among other thirigs, re-examining the complete forensic image for evidence of that explanation. Preservation of the forensic image, in its entirety, would permit the government, through an additional warrant if necessary, to investigate such a claim.
e. The investigation is not yet complete, and it is not possible to predict all possible defendants against whom evidence found on the digital device might be used. That evidence might be used against persons who have no possessory interest in the digital device, or against persons yet unknown. In any case, currur-+ently known and unknown defendants might be entitled, in discovery, to a complete copy of the ESI contained on or in the digital device. Retention of a complete image assures that it will be available to all parties, including those known now and those later identified.
66. In order to search for ESI that falls within the list of items to be seized pursuant to Attachment B to this Affidavit, law enforcement personnel will seize and the ESI Filter Team will search the following items (heretofore and hereinafter referred to as “digital devices), subject to the procedures set forth above:
a. Any digital device capable of being used to commit, further, or store evidence of the offense(s) listed above;
b. Any digital device used to facilitate the transmission, creation, display, encoding or storage of data, including word processing equipment, modems, docking stations, monitors, printers, cameras, plotters, encryption devices, and optical scanners;
c. Any magnetic, electronic or optical storage device capable of storing da~ such as floppy disks, hard disks, tapes, CD-ROMs, CD-R, CD-RWs, DVDs, optical disks, printer or memory buffers, smart cards, PC cards, memory calculators, electronic dialers, electronic notebooks, and personal digital assistants;
d. Any documentation, operating logs and reference manuals regarding the operation of the digital device, or software;
e. Any applications, utility programs, compilers, interpreters, and other software used to facilitate direct or indirect communication with the device hardware, or ESI to be searched;
f. Any physical keys, encryption devices, dongles and similar physical items that are necessary to gain access to the digital device, or ESI; and
g. Any passwords, password files, test keys, encryption codes or other information necessary to access the digital device or ESI.
67. Because of the ongoing nature of the investigation, the disclosure of the contents of this affidavit will jeopardize the progress of the investigation. Accordingly, I request that the Court issue an order that the search warrant and the affidavit in support of application for the search warrant and all attachments be filed under seal until further order from the Court.
Ken Petroll, Affiant
SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to before me this 1 day of March 2010.
This page was revised on January 22, 2012.