Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7663149?dq=7,003,515
Timestamp: 2016-05-02 01:30:16
Document Index: 686501202

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 200200037', 'Application No. 200200365', 'Application No. 200200836', 'art 1', 'Application No. 2002', 'Application No. 2008', 'Application No. 091102964', 'art 2']

Patent US7663149 - Organic light emitting device and display device using the same - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn organic compound film is composed of a hole transporting region, a first mixed region, a light emitting region, a second mixed region, and an electron transporting region that are connected to one another. With the organic compound film thus structured, the blue organic light emitting device obtained...http://www.google.com/patents/US7663149?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7663149 - Organic light emitting device and display device using the sameAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7663149 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/859,841Publication dateFeb 16, 2010Priority dateFeb 22, 2001Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN1372434A, CN100483781C, US7399991, US20020113546, US20080197769Publication number11859841, 859841, US 7663149 B2, US 7663149B2, US-B2-7663149, US7663149 B2, US7663149B2InventorsSatoshi Seo, Shunpei YamazakiOriginal AssigneeSemiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (106), Non-Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (11), Classifications (21), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetOrganic light emitting device and display device using the same
US 7663149 B2Abstract
An organic compound film is composed of a hole transporting region, a first mixed region, a light emitting region, a second mixed region, and an electron transporting region that are connected to one another. With the organic compound film thus structured, the blue organic light emitting device obtained is free from interfaces between layers which are present in the conventional laminate structure. When pigment doping is added to this device structure, a white organic light emitting device is obtained. A blue or white organic light emitting device having high light emission efficiency and long lifetime is provided by this method. When this organic light emitting device is combined with color conversion layers or color filters, a full color display device that consumes less power and lasts long can be obtained.
1. A white organic light emitting device comprising an organic compound film interposed between an anode and a cathode, the organic compound film comprising:
a first mixed region comprising the hole transporting material and a first light emitting material on the hole transporting region;
a region comprising the first light emitting material on the first mixed region;
a second mixed region comprising the first light emitting material and an electron transporting material on the light emitting region;
a second light emitting material,
wherein the second light emitting material emits light with a longer wavelength than that of light emitted from the first light emitting material.
2. A white organic light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second light emitting material is included in a part of the region comprising the first light emitting material.
3. A white organic light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second light emitting material is included in one of the first mixed region and the second mixed region.
4. A full color display device comprising:
a white organic light emitting device according to claim 3; and
5. An full color display device according to claim 4, the full color device is included in one of the group consisting of a video camera, a digital camera, a portable computer, a personal computer, and a cellular phone.
6. A white organic light emitting device according to claim 4, wherein the second light emitting material is included in the first mixed region whereas the third light emitting material is included in the second mixed region.
7. A white organic light emitting device comprising an organic compound film interposed between an anode and a cathode, the organic compound film comprising:
a second light emitting material; and
a third light emitting material,
wherein the second light emitting material emits light with a longer wavelength than that of light emitted from the first light emitting material, and
wherein the third light emitting material emits light with a longer wavelength than that of light emitted from the second light emitting material.
8. A white organic light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the second light emitting material is included in the second mixed region whereas the third light emitting material is included in the first mixed region.
9. A full color display device comprising:
a white organic light emitting device according to claim 8; and
10. An full color display device according to claim 9, the full color device is included in one of the group consisting of a video camera, a digital camera, a portable computer, a personal computer, and a cellular phone.
Since the organic light emitting device is of carrier injection type, it can be driven with a direct-current voltage and noise is hardly generated. Regarding a drive voltage, a report says that a sufficient luminance of 100 cd/m2 is obtained at 5.5 V by using a very thin film with a uniform thickness of about 100 nm for the organic compound film, choosing an electrode material capable of lowering a carrier injection barrier against the organic compound film, and further introducing the hetero structure (two-layer structure) (Reference 1: C. W. Tang and S. A. VanSlyke, “Organic electroluminescent diodes”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 51, no. 12, 913-915 (1987)).
As to the light emission efficiency, for example, the lowest required efficiency (equals to power efficiency, the unit thereof is 1 m/W) is proposed for each of the primary three colors of light in full color display (Reference 2: Yoshiharu Sato, “Journal of Organic Molecules and Bioelectronics Division of The Japan Society of Applied Physics”, vol. 11, no. 1, 86-99 (2000)). According to Reference 2, there are many reports in which a green light emitting device and a blue light emitting device exhibit light emission efficiency exceeding their respective required values. On the other hand, the light emission efficiency of red light emitting device falls far below its required value. Accordingly, under the present circumstances, low light emission efficiency of red light emitting device is the stumbling block to a full color display device by the separate formation method.
Blue organic light emitting devices have made an exponential advance in recent years as a result of development of a distyryl arylene-based blue light emitting material. The material makes it possible for the luminance to achieve a half-life of 20 thousand hours when the initial luminance is set to 100 cd/m2 and the device is driven with a constant current (Reference 3: Masatoshi Aketagawa, “Monthly Display, October 1998, Special Issue on Organic EL Display, 100-104”).
The problem of short lifetime is more serious for white organic light emitting devices. A report says that, except one sample, the half-life of the luminance of white organic light emitting devices formed from low molecular weight materials is on the order of several tens hours when the initial luminance is set to 100 cd/m2 and the devices are driven with a constant current (Reference 4: Yasuhisa Kishikami, “Monthly Display”, Sep. 2000, 20-25).
The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is therefore to provide a blue or white organic light emitting device with high light emission efficiency and long lifetime. Another object of the present invention is to provide a full color display device which has higher efficiency, longer lifetime, and better productivity than conventional ones by combining the above organic light emitting device with the CCM method or the CF method.
Further, a single hetero structure, in which a hole transporting layer formed of an aromatic diamine compound and an electron transporting light emitting layer formed of tris (8-quinolinolate)-aluminum (hereinafter referred to as Alq) are layered as the organic compound film, is adopted to improve the carrier recombination efficiency exponentially. This is explained as follows.
Applications of similar laminate structures are employed for conventional blue organic light emitting devices and white organic light emitting devices. For example, the basic structure of blue organic light emitting devices is a double hetero structure in which a light emitting layer is sandwiched between a hole transporting layer and an electron transporting layer as shown in Reference 3. White organic light emitting devices often use a laminate structure that has a blocking layer, except for the case in which pigment is dispersed in a single layer of a high molecular weight material. In other words, the laminate structure with a blocking layer is employed when a low molecular weight material is used (Reference 5: Junji Kido, Masato Kimura, Katsutoshi Nagai, “Multilayer White Light-Emitting Organic Electroluminescent Device”, Science, vol. 267, no. 3, 1332-1334 (1995)). A blocking layer means a layer formed of a material that has a large difference in energy between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) (hereinafter referred to as excitation energy level) and that has a function of preventing transmission of holes or electrons and of preventing diffusion of molecular exciton.
Although there is no clear theory that explains the mechanism of this degradation, a report says that lowering of luminance can be limited by inserting a hole injection layer between an anode and a hole transporting layer and by ac driving at square wave instead of dc driving (Reference 6: S. A. VanSlyke, C. H. Chen, and C. W. Tang, “Organic electroluminescent devices with improved stability”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 69, no. 15, 2160-2162 (1996)). This is experimental verification to the idea that lowering of luminance can be limited by avoiding accumulation of charges through insertion of a hole injection layer and ac driving.
The hole injection material and the electron injection material are capable of lowering the barrier in injecting carriers from electrodes to on organic compound film. Accordingly, the hole injection region and the electron injection region have an effect of making movement of carriers from the electrodes to the organic compound film smooth to prevent accumulation of charges. In order to avoid forming the impurity layer as described above, an injection material is formed into a film before or after an organic compound film with no interval.
FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing evaporation apparatus;
FIG. 24 is a diagram showing concrete organic compound evaporation sources.
Modes of carrying out the present invention will be described below. Generally, it is sufficient if either an anode or a cathode of an organic light emitting device is transparent to take emitted light out. In an organic light emitting device of this embodiment mode, a transparent anode is formed on a substrate to take out light through the anode. However, the present invention is also applicable to other structures and a transparent cathode may be formed on a substrate to take out light through the cathode or light may be taken out from the opposite side of the substrate.
Concrete shapes of the organic compound evaporation source a 1116, the organic compound evaporation source b 1117, and the organic compound evaporation source c 1118 are shown in FIG. 24. There is a case in which a cell is used or a conductive heat generator is used, and the case of using the conductive heat generator is shown in FIG. 24. In short, the container a 1112, the container b 1113, and a container c 2411 are formed of the conductive heat generator, and the container a 1112 containing the hole transporting material 1121, the container b 1113 containing the electron transporting material 1122, the container c 2411 containing the blue light emitting material are sandwiched by an electrode a 2401, an electrode b 2402, and an electrode c 2403, respectively. Then, the container a 1112, the container b 1113, and a container c 2411 are heated for evaporation by flowing current. A shutter c 2412 for the organic compound evaporation source c 1118 is also shown here.
All of the organic light emitting devices described in ‘Summary of the Invention’ can be manufactured by application of this method. For instance, in manufacturing a device as FIG. 5B which includes a blue light emitting material as a guest in relation to a host material, an evaporation source for evaporation of the host material may be added to the components of FIG. 11B. The host material is used for forming the mixed region and forming the light emitting region whereas the light emitting material is evaporated in a minute amount to dope the host material during evaporation of the host material (during formation of the light emitting region).
Materials most widely used as the hole transporting material are aromatic amine-based (namely, those having a benzene ring-nitrogen bond) compounds. Of them, particularly widely used are: 4,4′-bis(diphenylamino)-biphenyl (hereafter, TAD); its derivative, namely, 4,4′-bis[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenyl-amino]-biphenyl (hereafter, TPD); and 4,4′-bis-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]-biphenyl (hereafter, α-NPD). Also used are star burst aromatic amine compounds, including: 4,4′, 4″-tris (N, N-diphenyl-amino)-triphenyl amine (hereafter, TDATA); and 4,4′, 4″-tris [N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenyl-amino]-triphenyl amine (hereafter, MTDATA).
Metal complexes are often used as the electron transporting material. Examples thereof include: metal complexes having quinoline skeleton or benzoquinoline skeleton, such as the aforementioned Alq, tris (4-methyl-8-quinolinolate) aluminum (hereafter, Almq), and bis (10-hydroxybenzo[h]-quinolinate) beryllium (hereafter, Bebq); and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolate) 4-hydroxy-biphenylil)-aluminum (hereafter, BAlq) that is a mixed ligand complex. The examples also include metal complexes having oxazole-based and thiazole-based ligands such as bis[2-(2-hydroxypheyl)-benzooxazolate]zinc (hereafter, Zn(BOX)2) and his [2-(2-hydroxypheyl)-benzothiazolate]zinc (hereafter, Zn(BTZ)2). Other materials that are capable of transporting electrons than the metal complexes are: oxadiazole derivatives such as 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (hereafter, PBD) and 1,3-bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-il]benzene (hereafter, OXD-7); triazole derivatives such as 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,2,4-triazole (hereafter, TAZ) and 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(4-ethylpheyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,2,4-triazole (hereafter, p-EtTAZ); and phenanthroline derivatives such as bathophenanthroline (hereafter, BPhen) and bathocuproin (hereafter, BCP).
Materials effective as the light emitting material are various fluorescent pigments, in addition to the aforementioned metal complexes including Alq, Almq, BeBq, BAlq, Zn(BOX)2, and Zn(BTZ)2. Examples of fluorescent pigments include 4,4′-bis(2,2-diphenyl-vinyl)-biphenyl (hereafter, DPVBi) that is blue, and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (hereafter, DCM) that is reddish orange. Triplet light emission materials may also be used and the mainstream thereof are complexes with platinum or iridium as central metal. Known triplet light emission materials include tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium (hereafter, Ir(ppy)3) and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H, 23H-porphyrin-platinum (hereafter, PtOEP).
This embodiment shows a specific example of a device with a structure in which a hole injection region is inserted between an anode 501 and an organic compound film 502 in the blue organic light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 5A.
This embodiment shows a specific example of a device with a structure in which an electron injecting region is inserted between a cathode 513 and an organic compound film 512 in the blue organic light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 5B.
First, the hole transporting region 514 consisting solely of TPD is formed to a thickness of 30 nm. Then, evaporation of BAlq as a host material to the light emitting material is started also at an evaporation rate of 3 Å/s with keeping the evaporation rate of TPD at 3 Å/s. In other words, the first mixed region 517 containing TPD and BAlq at a ratio of 1:1 is formed by coevaporation. The first mixed region is 10 nm in thickness.
As the light emitting region 515 is completed, evaporation of perylene is ended and evaporation of BAlq is still continued. Simultaneously, evaporation of Alq that is an electron transporting material is started at an evaporation rate of 3 Å/s. In other words, the second mixed region 518 containing BAlq and Alq at a ratio of 1:1 is formed by coevaporation. The second mixed region is 10nm in thickness.
As the second mixed region 518 is completed, evaporation of BAlq is ended and evaporation of Alq is continued to form the electron transporting region 516 with a thickness of 30 nm. Further, as an electron injecting material, Li(acac) is formed into a film with a thickness 2 nm to be an electron injecting region.
This embodiment shows a specific example of the white organic light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 6A.
First, the hole transporting region 504 consisting solely of α-NPD is formed to a thickness of 30 nm. Then, evaporation of Zn(BTZ)2 as a blue light emitting material (actually the color is bluish white that is more white than blue) is started at an evaporation rate of 3 Å/s with keeping the evaporation rate of α-NPD at 3 Å/s. In other words, the first mixed region 507 containing α-NPD and Zn(BTZ)2 at a ratio of 1:1 is formed by coevaporation. The first mixed region is 10 nm in thickness.
This embodiment shows a specific example of the white organic light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 7.
First, the hole transporting region 504 consisting solely of α-NPD is formed to a thickness of 30 nm. Then, evaporation of S-DPVBi as a blue light emitting material is also started at an evaporation rate of 3 Å/s with keeping the evaporation rate of α-NPD at 3 Å/s. In other words, the first mixed region 507 containing α-NPD and S-DPVBi at a ratio of 1:1 in terms of evaporation rate is formed by coevaporation. The first mixed region is 10 nm in thickness. At this point, as a second light emitting material 701, about 0.5 wt % of N,N′-dimethylquinacridone (referred to “Dmq”) which is a green fluorescent pigment is added.
This embodiment shows a specific example of a device with a structure in which an electron injecting region is inserted between a cathode 803 and an organic compound film 802 in the blue organic light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 8A.
This embodiment shows a specific example of the white organic light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 9B.
This embodiment shows a specific example of the white organic light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 10.
Next, after a hole transporting region 804 is formed, evaporation of BAlq that is an electron transporting material is also started at an evaporation rate of 3 Å/s with keeping the evaporation rate of α-NPD. Thus formed by coevaporation is a mixed region 806 in which the ratio of α-NPD to BAlq in terms of evaporation rate is 1:1. The thickness of the region 806 is set to 30 nm.
This embodiment describes a display device that includes an organic light emitting device according to the present invention. FIGS. 13A and 13B are sectional views of an active matrix display device that uses an organic light emitting device of the present invention.
The pixel portion 1311 is a region for displaying an image. A plurality of pixels are placed on the substrate, and each pixel is provided with a TFT 1302 for controlling a current flowing in the organic light emitting device (hereinafter referred to as current controlling TFT), a pixel electrode (anode) 1303, an organic compound film 1304 according to the present invention, and a cathode 1305. Although only the current controlling TFT is shown in FIG. 13A, each pixel has a TFT for controlling a voltage applied to a gate of the current controlling TFT (hereinafter referred to as switching TFT).
A drain of the current controlling TFT 1302 is electrically connected to the pixel electrode 1303. In this embodiment, a conductive material having a work function of 4.5 to 5.5 eV is used as the material of the pixel electrode 1303 and, therefore, the pixel electrode 1303 functions as the anode of the organic light emitting device. A light-transmissive material, typically, indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, or a compound of these (ITO, for example), is used for the pixel electrode 1303. On the pixel electrode 1303; the organic compound film 1304 is formed.
This embodiment shows an active matrix display device as an example of a display device that includes an organic light emitting device according to the present invention. Unlike Embodiment 8, in the display device of this embodiment, light is taken out from the opposite side of a substrate on which an active device is formed (hereinafter referred to as upward emission). FIG. 16 is a sectional view thereof.
In this embodiment, the distance between 1620 and the organic compound film is larger than in Embodiment 8. Therefore colors of light might be mixed when 1602 is formed simply by patterning (could be affected by light emitted from adjacent pixels). A black matrix 1621 is therefore employed in this embodiment to lessen the influence of light emitted from adjacent pixels.
This embodiment describes a passive matrix display device as an example of a display device that includes an organic light emitting device of the present invention. FIG. 17 is a top view of the display device and FIG. 17B is a sectional view taken along the line P-P′ of FIG. 17A.
In the display device structured as above in accordance with the present invention, the pixel portion 1714 is composed of the scanning lines 1702, the data lines 1703, the banks 1704, and the organic compound film 1703. Therefore the display device can be manufactured by a very simple process.
Any of organic light emitting-devices according to the present invention can be used as the organic light emitting device included in the display device of this embodiment.
This embodiment shows an example of attaching a printed wiring board to the display device shown in Embodiment 10 to make the device into a module.
In a module shown in FIG. 18A, a TAB tape 1804 is attached to a substrate 1801 (here including a pixel portion 1802 and wiring lines 1802 a and 1803 b), and a printed wiring board 1805 is attached to the substrate through the TAB tape 1804.
This embodiment shows an example of attaching a printed wiring board to the display device shown in Embodiment 8, 9, or 10 to make the device into a module.
This embodiment shows an example of a display device in which an organic light emitting device is driven at a constant voltage in accordance with digital time gray scale display. The display device of the present invention can provide uniform images in digital time gray scale display and therefore is very useful.
This embodiment describes an active matrix constant current driving circuit that is driven by flowing a constant current into an organic light emitting device of the present invention. The circuit structure of the driving circuit is shown in FIG. 23.
The capacitor storage 2312 is formed between the gate and the source of Tr1. The capacitor storage 2312 is provided to maintain the gate-source voltage (VGS) of Tr1 more securely, but it is not always necessary.
The display devices of the present invention which have been described in the embodiments above have advantages of low power consumption and long lifetime. Accordingly, electric appliances that have those display devices as their display units or the like can operate consuming less power than conventional ones and are durable. These advantages are very useful especially for electric appliances that use batteries for power supply, such as portable equipment, because low power consumption leads directly to conveniences (batteries die less frequently).
FIG. 21D shows an image reproducing device equipped with a recording medium. The device is composed of a main body 2101 d, a recording medium (such as CD, LD, or DVD) 2102 d, operation switches 2103 d, a display unit (A) 2104 d, and a display unit (B) 2105 d. The display unit (A) 2104 d mainly displays image information whereas the display unit (B) 2105 d mainly displays text information. By using display devices of the present invention as the display unit (A) 2104 d and the display unit (B) 2105 d, the image reproducing device consumes less power and can be light-weight as well as durable. This image reproducing device equipped with a recording medium may be a CD player, a game machine, or the like.
FIG. 22B shows audio (specifically, car audio), which is composed of a main body 2201 b, a display unit 2202 b, and operation switches 2203 b and 2204 b. By using a display device of the present invention as the display unit 2202 b, the audio can be light-weight, and consumes less power. Although car audio is taken as an example in this embodiment, it may be home audio.
It is effective to give the electric appliances shown in FIGS. 21A to 21F and FIGS. 22A and 22B a function of modulating the luminance of emitted light in accordance with the brightness of the surroundings where the electric appliances are used by providing the electric appliances with photo sensors as measures to detect the brightness of the surroundings. A user can recognize image or text information without difficulties if the contrast ratio of the luminance of emitted light to the brightness of the surroundings is 100 to 150. With this function, the luminance of an image can be raised for better viewing when the surroundings are bright whereas the luminance of an image can be lowered to reduce power consumption when the surroundings are dark.
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