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Final draft ETSI EN V1.7.0 ( ) - PDF
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1 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Harmonized European Standard Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); 5 GHz high performance RLAN; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
2 2 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Reference REN/BRAN Keywords access, broadband, LAN, layer 1, radio, regulation, testing 650 Route des Lucioles F Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: Fax: Siret N NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other documents is available at If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute All rights reserved. DECT TM, PLUGTESTS TM, UMTS TM and the logo are Trade Marks of registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPP TM and LTE are Trade Marks of registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
3 3 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Contents Intellectual Property Rights... 7 Foreword... 7 Introduction Scope References Normative references Informative references Definitions, symbols and abbreviations Definitions Symbols Abbreviations Technical requirements specifications Environmental profile Centre frequencies Definition Limits Conformance Nominal Channel Bandwidth and Occupied Channel Bandwidth Definition Limits Conformance RF output power, Transmit Power Control (TPC) and power density Definitions RF Output Power Transmit Power Control (TPC) Power Density Limits RF output power and power density at the highest power level RF output power at the lowest power level of the TPC range Conformance Transmitter unwanted emissions Transmitter unwanted emissions outside the 5 GHz RLAN bands Definition Limits Conformance Transmitter unwanted emissions within the 5 GHz RLAN bands Definition Limits Conformance Receiver spurious emissions Definition Limits Conformance Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Introduction Applicable frequency range DFS operational modes DFS operation DFS technical requirements specifications Channel Availability Check Definition Limit Conformance... 20
4 4 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Off-Channel CAC (Off-Channel Channel Availability Check) (optional) Definition Limit Conformance In-Service Monitoring Definition Limit Conformance Channel Shutdown Definition Limit Conformance Non-Occupancy Period Definition Limit Conformance Uniform Spreading Definition Limit Void Adaptivity (Channel Access Mechanism) Definition Requirements & limits Frame Based Equipment Load Based Equipment Short Control Signalling Transmissions Definition Limits Conformance User Access Restrictions Definition Requirement Testing for compliance with technical requirements Conditions for testing Normal and extreme test conditions Test sequences and traffic load General test transmission sequences Test transmission sequences for DFS tests Test channels Antennas Integrated and dedicated antennas Transmit operating modes Operating mode 1 (single antenna) Operating mode 2 (multiple antennas, no beamforming) Operating mode 3 (multiple antennas, with beamforming) Presentation of equipment Testing of host connected equipment and plug-in radio devices The use of a host or test jig for testing plug-in radio devices Testing of combinations Interpretation of the measurement results Essential radio test suites Product information Carrier frequencies Test conditions Test methods Conducted measurement Radiated measurement Occupied Channel Bandwidth Test conditions Test method Conducted measurement... 33
5 5 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Radiated measurement RF output power, Transmit Power Control (TPC) and power density Test conditions Test method Conducted measurement Radiated measurement Transmitter unwanted emissions outside the 5 GHz RLAN bands Test conditions Test method Conducted measurement Radiated measurement Transmitter unwanted emissions within the 5 GHz RLAN bands Test conditions Test method Conducted measurement Radiated measurement Receiver spurious emissions Test conditions Test method Conducted measurement Radiated measurement Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Test conditions Selection of radar test signals Test set-ups Test method Conducted measurement Radiated measurement Adaptivity (channel access mechanism) Test conditions Test method Conducted measurements Generic test procedure for measuring channel/frequency usage Radiated measurements Annex A (normative): Annex B (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (HS-RTT) Test sites and arrangements for radiated measurements B.1 Test sites B.1.1 Open air test sites B.1.2 Anechoic chamber B General B Description B Influence of parasitic reflections B Calibration and mode of use B.2 Test antenna B.3 Substitution antenna Annex C (normative): General description of measurement C.1 Conducted measurements C.2 Radiated measurements C.3 Substitution measurement Annex D (normative): Annex E (informative): DFS parameters Guidance for testing IEEE n Devices E.1 Introduction... 76
6 6 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) E.2 Possible Modulations E.2.1 Guidance for Testing E Modulation Used for Conformance Testing E.3 Possible Operating Modes E.3.1 Guidance for Testing Annex F (informative): Application form for testing F.1 Information as required by EN (V1.7.1), clause F.2 Additional information provided by the manufacturer F.2.1 Modulation: F.2.2 Duty Cycle F.2.3 About the UUT F.2.4 List of ancillary and/or support equipment provided by the manufacturer Annex G (informative): Annex H (informative): The EN title in the official languages Bibliography History... 90
7 7 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for members and non-members, and can be found in SR : "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to in respect of standards", which is available from the Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the Web server ( Pursuant to the IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR (or the updates on the Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This final draft Harmonized European Standard (EN) has been produced by Technical Committee Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN), and is now submitted for the standards One-step Approval Procedure. The present document has been produced by in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued under Directive 98/34/EC [i.1] as amended by Directive 98/48/EC [i.1]. The title and reference to the present document are intended to be included in the publication in the Official Journal of the European Union of titles and references of Harmonized Standard under the Directive 1999/5/EC [1]. See article 5.1 of Directive 1999/5/EC [1] for information on presumption of conformity and Harmonised Standards or parts thereof the references of which have been published in the Official Journal of the European Union. The requirements relevant to Directive 1999/5/EC [1] are summarised in annex A. Proposed national transposition dates Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 3 months after publication 6 months after doa 18 months after doa Introduction The present document is part of a set of standards developed by and is designed to fit in a modular structure to cover all radio and telecommunications terminal equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive [1]. The modular structure is shown in EG [i.3].
8 8 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) 1 Scope The present document applies to 5 GHz high performance wireless access systems (WAS) including RLAN equipment which is used in wireless local area networks. Such networks provide high speed data communications in between devices connected to the wireless infrastructure. The present document also applies to ad-hoc networking where these devices communicate directly with each other, without the use of a wireless infrastructure. The present document also describes spectrum access requirements to facilitate spectrum sharing with other equipment. 5 GHz high performance wireless access systems (WAS) including RLAN equipment are further referred to as RLAN equipment in the present document. The spectrum usage conditions for this RLAN equipment are set in the ECC Decision (04)08 [5] and the Commission Decision 2005/513/EC [6] as amended by the Commission Decision 2007/90/EC [7]. The equipment is intended to operate in the frequency ranges MHz to MHz and MHz to MHz which have been allocated by WRC-03 to the mobile service on a primary basis for the implementation of WAS/RLANs covered by the present document. The present document is intended to cover the provisions of article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive [1], which states that: " radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference". 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE Directive). [2] TR (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 1". [3] TR (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 2". [4] CISPR ( Ed. 3.1 Consolidated Edition with am1): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus". [5] ECC/DEC/(04)08 ECC Decision of 9 July 2004 on the harmonised use of the 5 GHz frequency bands for the implementation of Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLANs) (30/10/2009). [6] Commission Decision 2005/513/EC of 11 July 2005 on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of wireless access systems including radio local area networks (WAS/RLANs).
9 9 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) [7] Commission Decision 2007/90/EC of 12 February 2007 amending Decision 2005/513/EC on the harmonized use of radio spectrum in the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLANs). [8] Void. [9] IEEE Std : "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications". [10] IEEE Std n -2009: "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and Metropolitan networks - Specific requirements-part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput". 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] [i.2] [i.3] Directive 98/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 July 1998 amending Directive 98/34/EC laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations. IEEE Std ac : "Draft Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and Metropolitan networks - Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications. Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput for Operation in Bands below 6 GHz". EG (V2.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); A guide to the production of Harmonized Standards for application under the R&TTE Directive". 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in the R&TTE Directive [1] and the following apply: 5 GHz RLAN bands: total frequency range that consists of 2 sub-bands: MHz to MHz; and MHz to MHz adaptive equipment: equipment operating in an adaptive mode adaptive mode: mechanism by which equipment can adapt to its environment by identifying other transmissions present in the band ad-hoc mode: operating mode in which an RLAN device establishes a temporary wireless connection with other RLAN devices without a controlling network infrastructure antenna array: two or more antennas connected to a single device and operating simultaneously antenna assembly: combination of the antenna (integral or dedicated), its coaxial cable and if applicable, its antenna connector and associated switching components NOTE 1: This term (antenna assembly) refers to an antenna connected to one transmit chain.
10 10 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) NOTE 2: The gain of an antenna assembly (G) in dbi, does not include the additional gain that may result out of beamforming. available channel: channel identified as available for immediate use as an Operating Channel NOTE: Usable Channels whose nominal bandwidth falls completely within the band MHz to MHz can be considered as Available Channels without further testing. beamforming gain: additional (antenna) gain realized by using beamforming techniques in smart antenna systems NOTE: Beamforming gain as used in the present document, does not include the gain of the antenna assembly. burst: period during which radio waves are intentionally transmitted, preceded and succeeded by periods during which no intentional transmission is made channel: minimum amount of spectrum used by a single RLAN device NOTE: An RLAN device is permitted to operate (transmit/receive) in one or more adjacent or non-adjacent channels simultaneously. EXAMPLE: For the purpose of the present document, an IEEE n [10] device operating in a 40 MHz mode may be considered as operating in 2 adjacent 20 MHz channels simultaneously. channel plan: combination of the centre frequencies and for each of the centre frequencies, the declared nominal bandwidth(s) clear channel assessment: mechanism used by an equipment to identify other transmissions in the channel combined equipment: any combination of non-radio equipment that requires a plug-in radio device to offer full functionality dedicated antenna: antenna external to the equipment, using an antenna connector with a cable or a wave-guide and which has been designed or developed for one or more specific types of equipment NOTE: It is the combination of dedicated antenna and radio equipment that is expected to be compliant with the regulations. energy detect: mechanism used by an adaptive system to determine the presence of another device operating on the channel based on detecting the signal level of that other device environmental profile: range of environmental conditions under which equipment within the scope of the present document is required to comply with the provisions of the present document Frame Based Equipment (FBE): equipment where the transmit/receive structure is not directly demand-driven but has fixed timing NOTE: I.e. it may be altered by configuration changes but there is always a minimum Idle Period following a transmit period host equipment: any equipment which has complete user functionality when not connected to the radio equipment part and to which the radio equipment part provides additional functionality and to which connection is necessary for the radio equipment part to offer functionality integral antenna: antenna designed as a fixed part of the equipment (without the use of an external connector) which cannot be disconnected from the equipment by a user with the intent to connect another antenna NOTE: An integral antenna may be fitted internally or externally. In the case where the antenna is external, a non-detachable cable or wave-guide can be used. Listen Before Talk (LBT): mechanism by which an equipment applies clear channel assessment (CCA) before using the channel Load Based Equipment (LBE): equipment where the transmit/receive structure is not fixed in time but demand-driven manufacturer: company that has manufactured the equipment and who submits it for test
11 11 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) NOTE: Alternatively, the importer or any other person or entity that submits the equipment for test can be considered as the manufacturer for the purpose of the present document. master mode: mode which relates to the DFS functionality where the RLAN device uses a Radar Interference Detection function and controls the transmissions of RLAN devices operating in slave mode NOTE: In this mode it is able to select a channel and initiate a network by sending enabling signals to other RLAN devices. An RLAN network always has at least one RLAN device operating in master mode when operating in the bands MHz to MHz and MHz to MHz. multi-radio equipment: radio, host or combined equipment using more than one radio transceiver operating channel: Available Channel on which the RLAN has started transmissions NOTE: An Operating Channel becomes again an Available Channel if the RLAN stopped all transmissions on that channel and no radar signal was detected by the In-Service Monitoring. plug-in radio device: radio equipment module intended to be used with or within host, combined or multi-radio equipment, using their control functions and power supply receive chain: receiver circuit with an associated antenna NOTE: Two or more receive chains are combined in a smart antenna system. RLAN devices: 5 GHz high performance wireless access systems (WAS) including RLAN equipment simulated radar burst: series of periodic radio wave pulses for test purposes slave mode: mode which relates to the DFS functionality where the transmissions of the RLAN are under control of an RLAN device operating in master mode NOTE: An RLAN device in slave mode may use a Radar Interference Detection function. smart antenna systems: equipment that combines multiple transmit and/or receive chains with a signal processing function to increase the throughput and/or to optimize its radiation and/or reception capabilities NOTE: E.g. techniques such as spatial multiplexing, beamforming, cyclic delay diversity, MIMO, etc. stand-alone radio equipment: equipment that is intended primarily as communications equipment and that is normally used on a stand-alone basis sub-band: portion of the 5 GHz RLAN bands (see definition for "5 GHz RLAN bands") total occupied bandwidth: total of the Nominal Channel Bandwidths in case of simultaneous transmissions in adjacent or non-adjacent channels NOTE: The Total Occupied Bandwidth may change with time/payload. transmit chain: transmitter circuit with an associated antenna NOTE: Two or more transmit chains are combined in a smart antenna system. Transmit Power Control (TPC): technique in which the transmitter output power is controlled resulting in reduced interference to other systems unavailable channel: channel which cannot be considered by the RLAN device for a certain period of time (Non Occupancy Period) after a radar signal was detected on that channel unusable channel: channel from the declared channel plan which may be declared as permanently unavailable due to one or more radar detections on the channel
12 12 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) usable channel: any channel from the declared channel plan, which may be considered by the RLAN for possible use, unless it is precluded by either: 1) the intended outdoor usage of the RLAN; or 2) previous detection of a radar on the channel (Unavailable Channel or Unusable Channel); or 3) national regulations; or 4) the restriction to only operate in the band MHz to MHz for RLAN devices without a radar detection capability. 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: A AC T ch B Ch r D dbm DC E E o f c G GHz Hz khz L MHz ms MS/s mw n P H P L Pburst PD P d R R ch R o S0 T0 T1 T2 T3 W x Y Measured power output Alternating Current Number of active transmit chains Radar burst period Channel in which radar test signals are inserted to simulate the presence of a radar Measured power density db relative to 1 milliwatt Direct Current Field strength Reference field strength Carrier frequency Antenna gain GigaHertz Hertz kilohertz Radar burst length MegaHertz millisecond Mega Samples per second milliwatt Number of channels Calculated e.i.r.p. at highest power level Calculated e.i.r.p. at lowest power level RMS (mean) power over the transmission burst Calculated power density Detection Probability Distance Number of active receive chains Reference distance Signal power Time instant Time instant Time instant Time instant Radar pulse width Observed duty cycle Beamforming (antenna) gain
13 13 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ACK Acknowledgement BIT Burst Interval Time CAC Channel Availability Check CCA Clear Channel Assessment CISPR International Special Committee on Radio Interference (Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques) CSD Cyclic Shift Diversity db/div db per division DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power e.r.p. effective radiated power EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility HT20 High Throughput in a 20 MHz channel HT40 High Throughput in a 40 MHz channel IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers LBT Listen Before Talk MCS Modulation Coding Scheme MIMO Multiple Input, Multiple Output NACK Not Acknowledged PPB Pulses Per Burst ppm parts per million PPS Pulses Per Second PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment RBW Resolution Bandwidth RF Radio Frequency RLAN Radio Local Area Network RMS Root Mean Square TL Threshold Level TPC Transmit Power Control Tx Transmit, Transmitter UUT Unit Under Test VBW Video Bandwidth WAS Wireless Access Systems WRC-03 World Radiocommunications Conference Technical requirements specifications 4.1 Environmental profile The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the equipment, which shall be stated by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply in any of the operating modes with all the technical requirements of the present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the stated operational environmental profile. Where multiple combinations of radio equipment and antenna (antenna assemblies) are intended, each combination shall comply with all the technical requirements of the present document. 4.2 Centre frequencies RLAN equipment typically operates on a fixed frequency. The equipment is allowed to change its normal operating frequency when interference is detected, or to prevent causing interference into other equipment or for frequency planning purposes.
14 14 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Definition The centre frequency is the centre of the channel declared by the manufacturer as part of the declared channel plan(s) Limits The actual centre frequency for any given channel declared by the manufacturer shall be maintained within the range f c ± 20 ppm Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause shall be carried out. 4.3 Nominal Channel Bandwidth and Occupied Channel Bandwidth Definition The Nominal Channel Bandwidth is the widest band of frequencies, inclusive of guard bands, assigned to a single channel. The Occupied Channel Bandwidth is the bandwidth containing 99 % of the power of the signal. NOTE: A device is permitted to operate in one or more adjacent or non-adjacent channels simultaneously. When equipment has simultaneous transmissions in adjacent channels, these transmissions may be considered as one signal with an actual Nominal Channel Bandwidth of "n" times the individual Nominal Channel Bandwidth where "n" is the number of adjacent channels. When equipment has simultaneous transmissions in non-adjacent channels, each power envelope shall be considered separately Limits The Nominal Channel Bandwidth shall be at least 5 MHz at all times. The Occupied Channel Bandwidth shall be between 80 % and 100 % of the declared Nominal Channel Bandwidth. In case of smart antenna systems (devices with multiple transmit chains) each of the transmit chains shall meet this requirement. NOTE: During an established communication, a device is allowed to operate temporarily in a mode where its Occupied Channel Bandwidth may be reduced to as low as 40 % of its Nominal Channel Bandwidth with a minimum of 4 MHz Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause shall be carried out to determine the occupied channel bandwidth. 4.4 RF output power, Transmit Power Control (TPC) and power density Definitions RF Output Power The RF Output Power is the mean equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) during a transmission burst.
15 15 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Transmit Power Control (TPC) Transmit Power Control (TPC) is a mechanism to be used by the RLAN device to ensure a mitigation factor of at least 3 db on the aggregate power from a large number of devices. This requires the RLAN device to have a TPC range from which the lowest value is at least 6 db below the values for mean e.i.r.p. given in table 1 for devices with TPC Power Density The Power Density is the mean Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (e.i.r.p.) density during a transmission burst Limits The limits below are applicable to the system as a whole and in any possible configuration. This includes smart antenna systems (devices with multiple transmit chains). In case of multiple (adjacent or non-adjacent) channels within the same sub-band, the total RF output power of all channels in that sub-band shall not exceed the limits defined below. In case of multiple, non-adjacent channels operating in separate sub-bands, the total RF output power in each of the sub-bands shall not exceed the limits defined below RF output power and power density at the highest power level TPC is not required for channels whose nominal bandwidth falls completely within the band MHz to MHz. For devices with TPC, the RF output power and the power density when configured to operate at the highest stated power level of the TPC range shall not exceed the levels given in table 1. Devices are allowed to operate without TPC. See table 1 for the applicable limits in this case. Table 1: Mean e.i.r.p. limits for RF output power and power density at the highest power level Frequency range Mean e.i.r.p. limit [dbm] Mean e.i.r.p. density limit [dbm/mhz] [MHz] with TPC without TPC with TPC without TPC to /23 (see note 1) 10 7/10 (see note 2) to (see note 3) 27 (see note 3) 17 (see note 3) 14 (see note 3) NOTE 1: The applicable limit is 20 dbm, except for transmissions whose nominal bandwidth falls completely within the band MHz to MHz, in which case the applicable limit is 23 dbm. NOTE 2: The applicable limit is 7 dbm/mhz, except for transmissions whose nominal bandwidth falls completely within the band MHz to MHz, in which case the applicable limit is 10 dbm/mhz. NOTE 3: Slave devices without a Radar Interference Detection function shall comply with the limits for the band MHz to MHz RF output power at the lowest power level of the TPC range For devices using TPC, the RF output power during a transmission burst when configured to operate at the lowest stated power level of the TPC range shall not exceed the levels given in table 2. For devices without TPC, the limits in table 2 do not apply. Table 2: Mean e.i.r.p. limits for RF output power at the lowest power level of the TPC range Frequency range Mean e.i.r.p. [dbm] MHz to MHz MHz to MHz 24 (see note) NOTE: Slave devices without a Radar Interference Detection function shall comply with the limits for the band MHz to MHz.
16 16 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause shall be carried out. 4.5 Transmitter unwanted emissions Transmitter unwanted emissions outside the 5 GHz RLAN bands Definition These are radio frequency emissions outside the 5 GHz RLAN bands Limits The level of unwanted emission shall not exceed the limits given in table 3. Table 3: Transmitter unwanted emission limits outside the 5 GHz RLAN bands Frequency range Maximum power Bandwidth 30 MHz to 47 MHz -36 dbm 100 khz 47 MHz to 74 MHz -54 dbm 100 khz 74 MHz to 87,5 MHz -36 dbm 100 khz 87,5 MHz to 118 MHz -54 dbm 100 khz 118 MHz to 174 MHz -36 dbm 100 khz 174 MHz to 230 MHz -54 dbm 100 khz 230 MHz to 470 MHz -36 dbm 100 khz 470 MHz to 862 MHz -54 dbm 100 khz 862 MHz to 1 GHz -36 dbm 100 khz 1 GHz to 5,15 GHz -30 dbm 1 MHz 5,35 GHz to 5,47 GHz -30 dbm 1 MHz 5,725 GHz to 26 GHz -30 dbm 1 MHz Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause shall be carried out Transmitter unwanted emissions within the 5 GHz RLAN bands Definition These are radio frequency emissions within the 5 GHz RLAN bands.
17 17 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Limits NOTE: dbc is the spectral density relative to the maximum spectral power density of the transmitted signal. Figure 1: Transmit spectral power mask The average level of transmitter unwanted emissions within the 5 GHz RLAN bands shall not exceed the limit of the mask provided in figure 1 or the limit for unwanted emissions provided in table 3, whichever is the higher. It has to be noted that the mask is only applicable within the band of operation. Beyond the band edges the requirements of clause apply. In case of smart antenna systems (devices with multiple transmit chains) each of the transmit chains shall meet this requirement. For transmitter unwanted emissions within the 5 GHz RLAN bands, simultaneous transmissions in adjacent channels may be considered as one signal with an actual Nominal Channel Bandwidth of "n" times the individual Nominal Channel Bandwidth where "n" is the number of adjacent channels used simultaneously. For simultaneous transmissions in multiple non-adjacent channels, the overall transmit spectral power mask is constructed in the following manner. First, a mask as provided in figure 1 is applied to each of the channels. Then, for each frequency point, the highest value from the spectral masks of all the channels assessed shall be taken as the overall spectral mask requirement at that frequency Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause shall be carried out. 4.6 Receiver spurious emissions Definition Receiver spurious emissions are emissions at any frequency when the equipment is in receive mode.
18 18 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Limits The spurious emissions of the receiver shall not exceed the limits given in table 4. Table 4: Spurious radiated emission limits Frequency range Maximum power Measurement bandwidth 30 MHz to 1 GHz -57 dbm 100 khz 1 GHz to 26 GHz -47 dbm 1 MHz Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause shall be carried out. 4.7 Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Introduction An RLAN shall employ a Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) function to: detect interference from radar systems (radar detection) and to avoid co-channel operation with these systems; provide on aggregate a near-uniform loading of the spectrum (Uniform Spreading). The DFS function as described in the present document is not tested for its ability to detect frequency hopping radar signals. Whilst the DFS function described in this clause defines conditions under which the equipment may transmit, transmissions are only allowed providing they are not prohibited by either the Medium Access Protocol requirement in clause 4.8 or the Adaptivity requirement in clause Applicable frequency range Radar detection is required when operating on channels whose nominal bandwidth falls partly or completely within the frequency ranges MHz to MHz or MHz to MHz. This requirement applies to all types of RLAN devices regardless of the type of communication between these devices. Uniform Spreading is required across the frequency ranges MHz to MHz and MHz to MHz. Uniform Spreading is not applicable for equipment that only operates in the band MHz to MHz DFS operational modes Within the context of the operation of the DFS function, an RLAN device shall operate as either a master or a slave. RLAN devices operating as a slave shall only operate in a network controlled by an RLAN device operating as a master. A device which is capable of operating as either a master or a slave shall comply with the requirements applicable to the mode in which it operates. Some RLAN devices are capable of communicating in ad-hoc manner without being attached to a network. Devices operating in this manner on channels whose nominal bandwidth falls partly or completely within the range MHz to MHz or MHz to MHz shall employ DFS and shall be tested against the requirements applicable to a master.
19 19 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) DFS operation The operational behaviour and individual DFS requirements that are associated with master and slave devices are as follows: Master devices: a) The master device shall use a Radar Interference Detection function in order to detect radar signals. The master device may rely on another device, associated with the master, to implement the Radar Interference Detection function. In such a case, the combination shall comply with the requirements applicable to a master. b) A master device shall only start operations on Available Channels. At installation (or reinstallation) of the equipment, the RLAN is assumed to have no Available Channels within the band MHz to MHz and/or MHz to MHz. In such a case, before starting operations on one or more of these channels, the master device shall perform either a Channel Availability Check or an Off-Channel CAC to ensure that there are no radars operating on any selected channel. If no radar has been detected, the channel(s) becomes an Available Channel(s) and remains as such until a radar signal is detected during the In-Service Monitoring. The Channel Availability Check or the Off-Channel CAC may be performed over a wider bandwidth such that all channels within the tested bandwidth become Available Channels. NOTE 1: The initial Channel Availability Check may be activated manually at installation or reinstallation of the equipment. c) Once the RLAN has started operations on an Available Channel, then that channel becomes an Operating Channel. During normal operation, the master device shall monitor all Operating Channels (In-Service Monitoring) to ensure that there is no radar operating within these channel(s). If no radar was detected on an Operating Channel but the RLAN stops operating on that channel, then the channel becomes an Available Channel. NOTE 2: An RLAN is allowed to start transmissions on multiple (adjacent or non-adjacent) Available Channels. In this case all these channels become Operating Channels. d) If the master device has detected a radar signal on an Operating Channel during In-Service Monitoring, the master device shall instruct all its associated slave devices to stop transmitting on this channel which becomes an Unavailable Channel. For devices operating on multiple (adjacent or non-adjacent) Operating Channels simultaneously, only the Operating Channel containing the frequency on which radar was detected shall become an Unavailable Channel. e) An Unavailable Channel can become a Usable Channel again after the Non-Occupancy Period. A new Channel Availability Check or an Off-Channel CAC is required to verify there is no radar operating on this channel before it becomes an Available Channel again. f) In all cases, if radar detection has occurred, then the channel containing the frequency on which radar was detected becomes an Unavailable Channel. Alternatively the channel may be marked as an Unusable Channel. Slave devices: a) A slave device shall not transmit before receiving an appropriate enabling signal from an associated master device. b) A slave device shall stop its transmissions on a channel whenever instructed by a master device. The slave device shall not resume any transmissions on this channel until it has received an appropriate enabling signal from an associated master device. c) A slave device which is required to perform radar detection (see table D.2, note 2), shall stop its own transmissions on an Operating Channel if it has detected a radar on that channel. That Operating Channel becomes an Unavailable Channel for the slave device. It shall not resume any transmissions on this Unavailable Channel for a period of time equal to the Non-Occupancy Period. A Channel Availability Check or an Off-Channel CAC is required by the slave device to verify there is no radar operating on this channel before the slave may use it again.
20 20 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) DFS technical requirements specifications Table 5 lists the DFS related technical requirements and their applicability for every operational mode. If the RLAN device is capable of operating in more than one operational mode then every operating mode shall be assessed separately. Requirement Table 5: Applicability of DFS requirements Master DFS Operational mode Slave without radar detection (see table D.2, note 2) Slave with radar detection (see table D.2, note 2) Channel Availability Check Not required (see note 2) Off-Channel CAC (see note 1) Not required (see note 2) In-Service Monitoring Not required Channel Shutdown Non-Occupancy Period Not required Uniform Spreading Not required Not required NOTE 1: Where implemented by the manufacturer. NOTE 2: A slave with radar detection is not required to perform a CAC or Off-Channel CAC at initial use of the channel but only after the slave has detected a radar signal on the Operating Channel by In-Service Monitoring. The radar detection requirements specified in clauses to assume that the centre frequencies of the radar signals fall within the central 80 % of the Occupied Channel Bandwidth of the RLAN channel (see clause 4.3) Channel Availability Check Definition The Channel Availability Check (CAC) is defined as a mechanism by which an RLAN device checks channels for the presence of radar signals. This mechanism is used for identifying Available Channels. There shall be no transmissions by the device within the channels being checked during this process. If no radars have been detected on a channel, then that channel becomes an Available Channel. NOTE: For devices that support multiple Nominal Channel Bandwidths, the Channel Availability Check may be performed once using the widest Nominal Channel Bandwidth. All narrower channels within the tested bandwidth become Available Channels providing no radar was detected Limit The Channel Availability Check shall be performed during a continuous period in time (Channel Availability Check Time) which shall not be less than the value defined in table D.1. During the Channel Availability Check, the RLAN shall be capable of detecting any of the radar test signals that fall within the ranges given by table D.4 with a level above the Radar Detection Threshold defined in table D.2. The minimum required detection probability is defined in table D Conformance Conformance tests for this requirement are defined in clause
21 21 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Off-Channel CAC (Off-Channel Channel Availability Check) (optional) Definition Off-Channel CAC is defined as an optional mechanism by which an RLAN monitors channel(s), different from the Operating Channel(s), for the presence of radar signals. The Off-Channel CAC may be used in addition to the Channel Availability Check defined in clause , for identifying Available Channels. Off-Channel CAC is performed by a number of non-continuous checks spread over a period in time. This time, which is required to determine the presence of radar signals, is defined as the Off-Channel CAC Time. If no radars have been detected in a channel, then that channel becomes an Available Channel Limit Where implemented, the Off-Channel CAC Time shall be declared by the manufacturer. However, the declared Off-Channel CAC Time shall be within the range specified in table D.1. During the Off-Channel CAC, the RLAN shall be capable of detecting any of the radar test signals that fall within the ranges given by table D.4 with a level above the Radar Detection Threshold defined in table D.2. The minimum required detection probability is defined in table D Conformance Conformance tests for this requirement are defined in clause In-Service Monitoring Definition The In-Service Monitoring is defined as the process by which an RLAN monitors each Operating Channel for the presence of radar signals Limit The In-Service Monitoring shall be used to monitor each Operating Channel. The In-Service-Monitoring shall start immediately after the RLAN has started transmissions on a channel. During the In-Service Monitoring, the RLAN shall be capable of detecting any of the radar test signals that fall within the ranges given by table D.4 with a level above the Radar Detection Threshold defined in table D.2. The minimum required detection probability associated with a given radar test signal is defined in table D Conformance Conformance tests for this requirement are defined in clause Channel Shutdown Definition The Channel Shutdown is defined as the process initiated by the RLAN device on an Operating Channel after a radar signal has been detected during the In-Service Monitoring on that channel. The master device shall instruct all associated slave devices to stop transmitting on this channel, which they shall do within the Channel Move Time. Slave devices with a Radar Interference Detection function, shall stop their own transmissions on an Operating Channel within the Channel Move Time upon detecting a radar signal within this channel.
22 22 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) The aggregate duration of all transmissions of the RLAN device on this channel during the Channel Move Time shall be limited to the Channel Closing Transmission Time. The aggregate duration of all transmissions shall not include quiet periods in between transmissions. NOTE: For equipment having simultaneous transmissions on multiple (adjacent or non-adjacent) operating channels, only the channel(s) containing the frequency on which radar was detected is subject to the Channel Shutdown requirement. The equipment is allowed to continue transmissions on other Operating Channels Limit The Channel Move Time shall not exceed the limit defined in table D.1. The Channel Closing Transmission Time shall not exceed the limit defined in table D Conformance Conformance tests for this requirement are defined in clause Non-Occupancy Period Definition The Non-Occupancy Period is defined as the time during which the RLAN device shall not make any transmissions on a channel after a radar signal was detected on that channel. NOTE 1: For equipment having simultaneous transmissions on multiple (adjacent or non-adjacent) operating channels, only the channel(s) containing the frequency on which radar was detected is subject to the Non- Occupancy Period requirement. The equipment is allowed to continue transmissions on other Operating Channels. NOTE 2: After the Non-Occupancy Period, the channel needs to be identified again as an Available Channel before the RLAN device may start transmitting again on this channel Limit The Non-Occupancy Period shall not be less than the value defined in table D Conformance Conformance tests for this requirement are defined in clause Uniform Spreading Definition The Uniform Spreading is a mechanism to be used by the RLAN to provide, on aggregate, a uniform loading of the spectrum across all devices. The Uniform Spreading is limited to the channels being declared as part of the channel plan. NOTE: The required spreading may be achieved by various means. These means include network management functions controlling large numbers of RLAN devices as well as the channel selection function in an individual RLAN device.
23 23 Final draft EN V1.7.0 ( ) Limit Each of the declared Channel Plans (see clause 3.1) shall make use of at least 60 % of the spectrum available in the applicable sub-band(s). Each of the Usable Channels shall be used with approximately equal probability. RLAN equipment for which the declared channel plan includes channels whose nominal bandwidth falls completely or partly within the band MHz to MHz may omit these channels from the list of Usable Channels at initial power up or at initial installation. Channels being used by other RLAN equipment may be omitted from the list of Usable Channels. 4.8 Void 4.9 Adaptivity (Channel Access Mechanism) Definition Adaptivity is an automatic channel access mechanism by which a device avoids transmissions in a channel in the presence of transmissions from other RLAN systems in that channel. NOTE: Adaptivity is not intended to be used as an alternative to DFS to detect radar transmissions, but to detect transmissions from other RLAN systems operating in the band. DFS requirements are covered by clause Requirements & limits This requirement applies to all equipment within the scope of the present document. The present document defines 2 types of Adaptive equipment: Frame Based Equipment and Load Based Equipment. Whilst the mechanisms described in this clause define conditions under which the equipment may transmit, transmissions are only allowed providing they are not prohibited by any of the DFS requirements in clause Frame Based Equipment Frame Based Equipment shall comply with the following requirements: 1) Before starting transmissions on an Operating Channel, the equipment shall perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) check using "energy detect". The equipment shall observe the Operating Channel(s) for the duration of the CCA observation time which shall be not less than 20 µs. The CCA observation time used by the equipment shall be declared by the manufacturer. The Operating Channel shall be considered occupied if the energy level in the channel exceeds the threshold corresponding to the power level given in point 5 below. If the equipment finds the Operating Channel(s) to be clear, it may transmit immediately (see point 3 below).
TS 102 724 V1.1.1 (2012-10) Technical Specification Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Harmonized Channel Specifications for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency band 2 TS 102