Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/85918992/DTC-agreement-between-Mongolia-and-Belgium
Timestamp: 2018-07-20 01:46:09
Document Index: 156082846

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 7', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 6', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 3', '§ 4', '§ 5', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2', '§ 1', '§ 2']

DTC agreement between Mongolia and Belgium | Double Taxation | Permanent Establishment
MONGOLIA(Treaty of 26.09.
Signature: 26.09.1995 Entry into force: 30.03.2000
Publication in the official gazette: 30.03.2000
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM AND MONGOLIA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME AND ON CAPITAL
The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium and the Government of Mongolia, desiring to conclude an Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital, have agreed as follows :
Article 1 Personel scope
§ 1. This Agreement shall apply to taxes on income and on capital imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.
§ 2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income and on capital all taxes imposed on total income, on total capital, or on elements of income or of capital, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.
§ 3. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are in particular :
a) in the case of Mongolia :
2° the corporate income tax, including the withholding taxes, (hereinafter referred to as "Mongolian tax").
6° the supplementary crisis contribution, including the prepayments, the surcharges on these taxes and prepayments, and the supplements to the individual income tax, (hereinafter referred to as "Belgian tax");
§ 4. The Agreement shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any significant changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws within a reasonable period of time after such changes.
§ 1. For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires :
1° the term "Mongolia" means, when used in a geographical sense, the territory of Mongolia and any
area in which the tax law of Mongolia is in force insofar as Mongolia exercises in such area, in conformity with international law, sovereign rights to exploit natural resources;
2° the term "Belgiurn" means, when used in a geographical sense, the territory of the Kingdom of Belgium, including the territorial sea and any other area within which the Kingdom of Belgium, in accordance with international law, exercises sovereign rights or its jurisdiction;
b) the terms "a Contracting State" and "the other Contracting State" mean Belgium or Mongolia as the context requires;
f) the term "intemational traffic" means any transport by a ship, aircraft or road or railway vehicle operated by an enterprise which has its place of effective management in a Contracting State, except when the ship, aircraft or road or railway vehicle is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
g) the term "competent authority" means in the case of both Contracting States, the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative;
h) the term "national of a Contracting State" means :
1° any individual possessing the nationality of that Contracting State;
2° any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in that Contracting State.
§ 2. As regards the application of the Agreement by a Contracting State any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the law of that State concerning the taxes to which the Agreement applies.
§ 1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature. But this term does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State or capital situated therein.
§ 2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows :
a) he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has a pemmanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);
§ 3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.
§ 1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the temm "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
§ 2. The term "permanent establishment" includes especially :
§ 3. Abuilding site or construction or installation project constitutes a permanent establishment only if it lasts more than six months.
§ 4. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term "permanent establishment" shall be deemed not to include :
a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
§ 5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs I and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
§ 6. An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly on behalf of that enterprise, this agent shall not be considered to be an agent of an independent status within the meaning of this paragraph.
§ 7. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
§ 1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
§ 2. The term "immovable property" shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships, aircraft, road and railway vehicles shall not be regarded as immovable property.
§ 3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.
§ 4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.
§ 1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the
§ 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently.
§ 3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
§ 4. Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be cllstomafy; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this Article.
§ 5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
§ 6. For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.
§ 7. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.
§ 1. Profits from the operation of ships, aircraft or road or railway vehicles in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
§ 2. If the place of effective management of a shipping enterprise is aboard a ship, then it shall be deemed to be situated in the Contracting State in which the home harbour of the ship is situated, or, if there is no such home harbour, in the Contracting State of which the operator of the ship is a resident.
§ 3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a j oint business or an international operating agency.
§ 1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
§ 2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State the tax so charged shall not exceed :
a) j per cent of the gross amount of the dividends if the beneficial owner is a company which holds directly or indirectly at least 10 per cent of the capital of the company paying the dividends;
§ 3. The term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares, "jouissance" shares or "jouissance" rights, mining shares, founders' shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income - even paid in the form of interest - which is treated as income from shares by the internal tax legislation of the State of which the paying company is a resident. This term means also profits distributed to their partners by joint ventures incorporated under Mongolian law.
§ 4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such pemmanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
§ 5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other
Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.
§ 1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
§ 2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest.
§ 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest shall be exempted from tax in the Contracting State in which it arises if it is :
a) interest on commercial debt-claims -including debt-claims represented by commercial paper resulting from deferred payments for goods, merchandise or services supplied by an enterprise;
b) interest paid in respect of a loan made, guaranteed or insured or a credit extended, guaranteed or insured by public entities the purpose of which is to promote the export;
c) interest on loans of any nature - not represented by bearer instruments - granted by a banking enterprise;
d) interest on deposits - not represented by bearer instruments - with a banking enterprise;
e) interest paid to the other Contracting State, a political subdivision or a local authority thereof.
§ 4. The term "interest" as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. However, the term "interest" shall not include for the purpose of this Article penalty charges for late payment nor interest regarded as dividends under the first sentence of paragraph 3 of Article 10.
§ 5. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
§ 6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a political subdivision, a local authority or a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is bome by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
§ 7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debtclaim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable in the Contracting State in which the interest arises according to the laws of that State.
§ 1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable in that other State.
§ 2. However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the royalties is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 5 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties.
§ 3. The term "royalties" as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films and films or tapes for television or radio broadcasting, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.
§ 4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein,or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
§ 5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a political subdivision, a local authority or a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
§ 6. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the
beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the lastmentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable in the Contracting State in which the royalties arise, according to the laws of that State.
§ 1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
§ 2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may he taxed in that other State.
§ 3. Gains from the alienation of ships, aircraft or road or railway vehicles operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships, aircraft or road or railway vehicles shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
§ 4. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
§ 1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State. However, in the following circumstances such
income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State :
b) if his stay in the other Contracting State is for a period or periods exceeding in the aggregate 183 days within any twelve-month period; in that case, only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
§ 2. The term "professional services" includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.
§ 1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 16, 18, 19 and 20, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived there from may be taxed in that other State.
§ 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the firstmentioned State if :
a) the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve-month period commencing or ending in the taxable period concerned, and
b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of an employer who is not a resident of the other State, and
c) the remuneration is not home by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.
§ 3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship, aircraft or road or railway vehicle operated in international traffic, may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
§ 1. Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors or a similar organ of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
§ 2. Remuneration derived by a person referred to in paragraph I from the company in respect of the discharge of day-to-day functions of a managerial or technical nature and remuneration received by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of his personal activity as a partner of a company, other than a company with share capital, which is a resident of the other Contracting State, may be taxed in accordance with the provisions of Article 15, as if such remuneration were remuneration derived by an employee in respect of an employment and as if references to the "employer" were references to the company.
§ 1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State
as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
§ 2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsman in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsman himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsman are exercised.
§ 3. The provisions of paragraphs I and 2 shall not apply if the activities exercised by an entertainer in a Contracting State are substantially supported from public funds of the other Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof In such case, income derived from such activities shall be taxable only in that other Contracting State.
§ 1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19, pensions and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State.
§ 2. However, pensions and other allowances, periodic or non periodic, paid under the social security legislation of a Contracting State may be taxed in that State. This provision also applies to pensions and allowances paid under a public scheme organised by a Contracting State in order to supplement the benefits of that legislation.
a) Remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local
authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
1° is a national of that State : or
§ 3. The provisions of Articles 15, 16 and 18 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof.
§ 4. The provisions of paragraph I shall also apply to remuneration paid by a Contracting State to an individual in respect of an activity exercised in the other Contracting State within the framework of cooperation agreements concluded between both Contracting States.
§ 1. Any remuneration paid to professors and other teachers who are residents of a Contracting State and who are present in the other Contracting State for the purpose of teaching or carrying on scientific research at a university or other officially recognized educational institution shall be exempt from tax in that other State for a period not exceeding two years from the date of arrival of these persons in that other State.
§ 2. A student, business apprentice or trainee who is, or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State, a resident of the other Contracting State and who is temporarily present in the firstmentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training shall be exempt in that State on the following payments or income received or derived by him for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training :
a) payments which he receives from sources outside the first-mentioned State;
b) grants, scholarships or awards which he receives from the Government or a scientific, educational or cultural organization of a Contracting State;
c) remuneration which he derives from an employment exercised in the first-mentioned State in connection with his education or training and during the normal duration of this education or training, if such remuneration does not exceed in any calendar year 120 000 Belgian francs or the equivalent of that amount in the currency of Mongolia at the official exchange rate.
§ 1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall be taxable only in that State.
§ 2. The provisions Of paragraph I shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State,
carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
§ 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs I and 2. items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not deak-[]ith in the foregoing articles of the Agreement and arising in the other Contracting State may also be taxed in that other State.
§ 1. Capital represented by immovable property referred to in Article 6, owned by a resident of a Contracting State and situated in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
§ 2. Capital represented by movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or by movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, may be taxed in that other State.
§ 3. Capital represented by ships, aircraft and road or railway vehicles operated in international traffic, and by movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships, aircraft or road or railway vehicles, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
§ 4. All other elements of capital of a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.
§ 1. In the case of Mongolia, double taxation shall be avoided as follows :
a) Where a resident of Mongolia derives income or owns capital which, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed in Belgium, Mongolia shall allow :
Such deduction in either case shall not, however, exceed that part of income tax or capital tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable, as the case may be, to the income or the capital which may be taxed in Belgium.
a) shall take into account, in addition to the Belgian tax on such dividends, the Belgian corporate income tax due in respect of the profits out of which the dividends were paid.
b) Where a company which is a resident of Mongolia derives dividends from a company which is a resident of
Belgium and the Mongolian company owns directly or indirectly at least 10 per cent of the capital of the Belgian company, the deduction mentioned in 1° of sub-paragraph;
§ 2. In the case of Belgium, double taxation shall be avoided as follows :
a) Where a resident of Belgium derives income or owns elements of capital which are taxed in Mongolia in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement, other than those of paragraph 2 of Article 10, of paragraphs 2 and 7 of Article 11 and of paragraphs 2 and 6 of Article 12, Belgium shall exempt such income or such elements of capital from tax but may. in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income or capital of that resident, apply the rate of tax which would have been applicable if such income or elements of capital had not been exempted.
b) Subject to the provisions of Belgian law regarding the deduction from Belgian tax of taxes paid abroad, where a resident of Belgium derives items of his aggregate income for Belgian tax purposes which are dividends taxable in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 10, and not exempt from Belgian tax according to subparagraph c) hereinafter, interest taxable in accordance with paragraph 2 or 7 of Article 11, or royalties taxable in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 6 of Article 12, the Mongolian tax levied on that income shall be allowed as a credit against Belgian tax relating to such income. Belgium shall also allow against its tax a credit with respect to dividends and interest which are derived from investment directly connected with development projects in Mongolia and which are included in the aggregate income for Belgian tax purposes of its residents, when these items of income may be taxed in Mongolia according to the provisions of the Agreement and the general law of Mongolia but are exempted under special and temporary mesures designed to promote the economic development of Mongolia and agreed upon by the competent authorities of both Contracting States. Such credit shall amount to 10 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends or the interest but in either case shall not exceed that part of the Belgian income tax, as computed before the credit is given, which is attributable to these items of income taxable in Belgium and shall only apply for the first ten years for which the Agreement is effective. However, the competent authorities of the Contracting States may consult each other to determine whether this period shall be extended or not.
c) Dividends within the meaning of paragraph 3 of Article 10, derived by a company which is a resident of Belgium from a company which is a resident of Mongolia, shall be exempt from the corporate income tax in Belgium under the conditions and within the limits provided for in Belgian law.
d) Where, in accordance with Belgian law, losses incurred by an enterprise carried on by a resident of Belgium in a permanent establishment situated in Mongolia, have been effectively deducted from the profits
of that enterprise for its taxation in Belgium, the exemption provided for in subparagraph a) shall not apply in Belgium to the profits of other taxable periods attributable to that establishment to the extent that those profits have also been exempted from tax in Mongolia by reason of compensation for the said losses.
§ 1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
§ 2. The taxation on a permanent establishment |hich an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.
§ 3. Except where the provisions of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11, or paragraph 6 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shalt, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State. Similarly, any debts of an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable capital of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been contracted to a resident of the first-mentioned State.
§ 4. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the firstmentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.
§ 5. Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as preventing Belgium :
a) from taxing the profits attributable to a permanent establishment in Belgium of a company which is a resident of Mongolia at the rate of tax provided by the Belgian law, provided that this rate does not exceed the maximum rate applicable to the profits of companies which are residents of Belgium;
b) from imposing its withholding tax on dividends derived from a holding which is effectively connected with a permanent establishment maintained in Belgium by a company which is a resident of Mongolia.
§ 6. The provisions of this Article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.
§ 1. Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident, or if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 24, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.
§ 2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent
authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Agreement.
§ 3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Agreement.
§ 4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall agree on administrative measures necessary to carry out the provisions of the Agreement and particularly on the proofs to be famished by residents of either Contracting State in order to benefit in the other State from the exemptions or reductions in tax provided for in the Agreement.
§ 5. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall communicate directly with each other for the application of the Agreement.
§ 1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Agreement or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Agreement insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Agreement, in particular for the prevention of fraud or evasion of such taxes. The exchange of information is not restricted by Article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Agreement. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.
§ 2. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation :
§ 1. Each of the Contracting States shall endeavour to collect, as if it were its own tax, any tax referred to in Article 2, which has been imposed by the other Contracting State and the collection of which is necessary to ensure that any exemption or reduction of tax granted under this Agreement by that other State shall not be enjoyed by persons not entitled to such benefits.
§ 2. The provisions of this Article shall in no case be construed so as to impose on the requested State the obligation to apply any means of enforcement which are not authorised by its laws or by those of the other Contracting State or to take measures which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).
Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of a diplomatic mission or consular
post under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
§ 1. This Agreement shall be ratified and the instruments of ratification shall be exchanged at Ulaanbaatar as soon as possible.
§ 2. The Agreement shall enter into force on the fifteenth day after the date of the exchange of the instruments of ratification and its provisions shall have effect :
a) respect to taxes due at source on income credited or payable on or after January 1 of the year next following the year in which the instruments of ratification have been exchanged;
b) respect to other taxes charged on income of taxable periods beginning on or after January 1 of the year next following the year in which the instruments of ratification have been exchanged;
c) with respect to taxes on capital charged on elements of capital existing on January I of any year following the year in which the instruments of ratification have been exchanged.
This Agreement shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Agreement, through diplomatic channels, by giving to the other Contracting State, written notice of termination not later than the 30th June of any calendar year from the fifth year following that in which the instruments of ratification have been exchanged. In the event of termination before July I of such year, the Agreement shall cease to have effect :
DONE in duplicate at Brussels, this 26 th of September, in the English language.
Minister of Finance, Ph. MAYSTADT
For the Government of Mongolia :
Minister of Extemal Affairs, TS. GOMBOSUREN
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