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1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO First edition Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 4: Dilutors Appareils volumétriques à piston Partie 4: Diluteurs Reference number ISO :2002(E) ISO 2002
3 Contents Page 1 Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Principle of operation Adjustment Metrological performance requirements User information Marking... 4 Bibliography... 6 ISO 2002 All rights reserved iii
4 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 8655 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 48, Laboratory glassware and related apparatus, Subcommittee SC 1, Volumetric instruments. ISO 8655 consists of the following parts, under the general title Piston-operated volumetric apparatus: Part 1: Terminology, general requirements and user recommendations Part 2: Piston pipettes Part 3: Piston burettes Part 4: Dilutors Part 5: Dispensers Part 6: Gravimetric methods for the determination of measurement error The following part is under preparation: Part 7: Non-gravimetric methods for the determination of measurement error iv ISO 2002 All rights reserved
5 Introduction ISO 8655 addresses the needs of: suppliers, as a basis for quality control including, where appropriate, the issuance of supplier's declarations; test houses and other bodies, as a basis for independent certification; users of the equipment, to enable routine checking of accuracy. The tests specified should be carried out by trained personnel. ISO 2002 All rights reserved v
7 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO :2002(E) Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 4: Dilutors 1 Scope This part of ISO 8655 specifies metrological requirements, maximum permissible errors, requirements for marking and information to be provided for users, for dilutors with a sample uptake capacity (In) from 5 µlto 10mland a diluent capacity (Ex) from 50µl to 100 ml. They are designed to deliver the sample and diluent together in measured proportion and measured volume. NOTE General requirements and definitions of terms for piston-operated volumetric apparatus are given in ISO Conformity testing (type evaluation) of piston-operated volumetric apparatus is given in ISO Alternative test methods such as photometric and titrimetric methods will be the subject of a future Part 7 to ISO For all other tests (e.g. quality assurance by the supplier, analytical and measuring equipment quality assurance by the user) see ISO or alternative test methods. For safety requirements of electrically powered piston dilutors, see IEC Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 8655 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods ISO :2002, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 1: Terminology, general requirements and user recommendations ISO :2002, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 6: Gravimetric methods for the determination of measurement error 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 8655, the terms and definitions given in ISO apply. ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1
8 4 Principle of operation A dilutor is designed to aspirate accurately a measured volume of a sample liquid and to deliver it together with an accurately measured volume of diluent. Dilutors may be operated manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically and may be hand-held, bottle-top mounting or free-standing bench-top apparatus. They can also be automated analyser's components. The drive components may be integral with, or manually separable from the volumetric measuring components (change-over units). Prior to delivery of diluent, the diluent piston system is charged by aspiration of diluent from a reservoir. After airbubble-free filling of the system, diluent is drawn into the volume measuring cylinder by the diluent piston, either directly, via the uptake and delivery probe, or indirectly, from a reservoir until a volume controlling limit is reached. A measured volume of sample is then aspirated into the uptake and delivery probe. The uptake of sample may be controlled by a second limit to the movement of the diluent piston, or it may involve a second, dedicated, cylinder and piston with valves. During delivery, the sample volume in the uptake and delivery probe is expelled, followed by the measured quantity of diluent. Key 1 Volume of diluent 2 Piston for sample uptake Figure 1 Schematic drawing of a dilutor 5 Adjustment 5.1 A dilutor shall be adjusted by its supplier for the uptake and delivery of its stated volumes and for the standard reference temperature of 20 C, using grade 3 water as specified in ISO If the dilutor is designed to have its factory preset adjustment altered by the user, the design shall prevent unintentional readjustment. If the user readjusts the dilutor, it shall be clearly and unequivocally indicated on the outside of the dilutor that readjustment has been effected, for example by means of a mark, a broken seal, or a label affixed by the user. 5.3 Type testing of the adjustment shall satisfy the performance requirements specified in clause 6 when the dilutor is tested in accordance with ISO ISO 2002 All rights reserved
9 6 Metrological performance requirements The conformity test (type evaluation) specified in ISO evaluates the total system of the dilutor, comprising the piston units and valves, drive, uptake and delivery probe and tubes and, if applicable, the change-over unit (see clause 4). The conformity test shall be carried out in accordance with ISO by the supplier, prior to the issuance of a supplier's declaration of conformity, or a test house or other authorized body, prior to the issuance of a certificate of conformity. For conformity tests, the maximum permissible errors of Tables 1 and 2 shall apply. If a supplier's declaration or a certificate of conformity is issued, it shall be stated precisely which specific components have been tested. The use of substitute tubing involves alteration of the system type-tested and this may invalidate the supplier's or third party certified volumetric performance. Table 1 Maximum permissible errors of sample uptake Nominal volume Maximum permissible systematic error Maximum permissible random error µl ± % a ± µl b ± % c ± µl 5 3,0 0,15 2 0,1 10 2,0 0,2 0,8 0, ,0 0,4 0,8 0, ,8 0,9 0,4 0, ,5 1,5 0,2 0, ,0 2,0 0,2 0, ,8 4,0 0,2 1, ,6 6,0 0,15 1,5 a Expressed as the deviation of the mean of a tenfold measurement from the nominal volume or from the selected volume (see ISO :2002, 8.4). b Expressed as the coefficient of variation of a tenfold measurement (see ISO :2002, 8.5) c Expressed as the repeatability standard deviation of a tenfold measurement (see ISO :2002, 8.5). Table 2 Maximum permissible errors of diluent Nominal volume Maximum permissible systematic error Maximum permissible random error ml ± % a ± µl b ± % ± µl c 0,05 1,8 0,9 0,6 0,3 0,1 1,5 1,5 0,5 0,5 0,2 1,0 2,0 0,4 0,8 0,5 0,8 4,0 0,2 1,0 1 0,6 6,0 0,2 2,0 2 0,6 12,0 0,2 4,0 5 0,6 30 0,15 7,5 10 0,6 60 0, , ,15 37,5 50 0, , , , a Expressed as the deviation of the mean of a tenfold measurement from the nominal volume or from the selected volume (see ISO :2002, 8.4). b Expressed as the coefficient of variation of a tenfold measurement (see ISO :2002, 8.5). c Expressed as the repeatability standard deviation of a tenfold measurement (see ISO :2002, 8.5). ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3
10 For nominal volumes of sample uptake greater than 1ml, the maximum permissible errors of diluent specified in Table 2 shall apply. For the maximum permissible errors of dilutors with intermediate nominal volumes between those given in Tables 1 and 2, the absolute values for the next greater nominal volume shall apply. In the conformity test, the maximum permissible errors for the nominal volumes in Tables 1 and 2 apply to every selectable volume throughout the useful volume range of the dilutor; i.e. the maximum permissible systematic errors of the sample uptake of a dilutor with a useful volume range from 10 µl to 100 µl are ± 1,5 µl and the maximum permissible random errors are ± 0,2 µl for every selected volume. If the dilutor is manufactured with a single cylinder or with two identical cylinders alternatively used for sample uptake and/or delivery of diluent, the most stringent maximum permissible errors of Tables 1 and 2 for each volume shall be applied. 7 User information Each dilutor shall be accompanied by a user information in accordance with ISO :2002, clause 6. The instructions for use shall contain information regarding at least the following items: a) adjustment of sample and diluent channel (Ex or In) and reference temperature ( 20 C); b) nominal volumes of sample and diluent channels; where this is not practicable [clause 8, item b)], information shall be provided to enable the nominal volume to be correctly identified from markings on the appropriate unit or module; c) smallest sample and diluent volume which can be delivered observing the maximum permissible errors in accordance with clause 6; d) correct handling; e) information regarding the care, cleaning and maintenance; f) advice about air-bubble-free filling; g) contents of the apparatus package including accessories. The following information should preferably also be included: h) systematic and random error of measurement with reference to the procedures for their testing by the user in this part of ISO 8655 and in ISO (if included, the systematic and random error of measurement shall be specified at the nominal volume, at 50 % of the nominal volume, and either at 10 % of the nominal volume or at the smallest volume observing the maximum permissible errors specified in this part of ISO 8655). If applicable, information shall be provided regarding the purpose and procedure for user adjustment. If the dilutor cannot properly be used as delivered, detailed information concerning the required additional parts and a recommendation as to where to acquire them, shall be included. 8 Marking The following data shall be permanently marked on each dilutor: a) nominal volume of sample and diluent channel; where this is not practicable due to a modular design, the volumetric modules shall be marked either with their nominal volumes or information to enable the user to obtain the nominal volume from the user information [see clause 7, item b)]; b) supplier s name and/or trademark; c) supplier s apparatus name; d) unit of measurement; e) serial number of the dilutor. 4 ISO 2002 All rights reserved
11 The following information should preferably also be permanently marked: f) abbreviation for the adjustment and the reference temperature 20 C ; g) reference to this part of ISO 8655, i.e. ISO Where appropriate, a conformity mark may be affixed to the dilutor. ISO 2002 All rights reserved 5
12 Bibliography [1] IEC , Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements 6 ISO 2002 All rights reserved
14 ICS Price based on 6 pages ISO 2002 All rights reserved
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