Source: https://brevets-patents.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/2236417/summary.html
Timestamp: 2020-02-26 13:07:08
Document Index: 392935567

Matched Legal Cases: ['arts\n2', 'arts\n3', 'arts60', 'arts\n21', 'art\n21', 'art\n21', 'art\n2', 'art\n2', 'art\n2', 'art\n2', 'art\n21', 'art\n21']

Patent 2236417 Summary - Canadian Patents Database
Canadian Patents Database / Patent 2236417 Summary
(11) CA 2236417
COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR CURING A RESORCINOL RESIN
COMPOSITION ET PROCEDE DE DURCISSEMENT D'UNE RESINE RESORCINOL
B32B 21/00 (2006.01)
C08G 14/06 (2006.01)
C08K 5/21 (2006.01)
C08K 5/353 (2006.01)
C09J 161/34 (2006.01)
PHILLIPS, EARL K. (United States of America)
GARWOOD, ARTHUR J. (United States of America)
DETLEFSEN, WILLIAM D. (United States of America)
MOMENTIVE SPECIALTY CHEMICALS INC. (United States of America)
BORDEN CHEMICAL, INC. (United States of America)
PCT/US1996/017899
WO1997/018251
60/006,590 United States of America 1995-11-13
A catalyst curing system or hardener for resorcinolic resins, such as
resorcinol-formaldehyde or phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resins
including methylolurea. The methylolurea may be used in combination with
oxazolidine in ratios ranging to 5:95 to 95:5, by molar basis.
The hardener cross-links the resin which permits reduction or "fuming" of
formaldehyde as well as control of gel times of the resulting
adhesive. The hardener of the present invention if of particular utility in
adhesives for use in the forest products industry.
L'invention se rapporte à un système de durcissement par catalyseur s'appliquant à des résines résorcinoliques telles que des résines résorcinol-formaldhéhyde ou phénol-résorcinol-formaldéhyde renfermant de la méthylolurée. La méthylolurée peut être utilisée en combinaison avec l'oxyzolidine dans des rapports compris entre 5:95 et 95:5, par base molaire. L'agent du durcissement réticule la résine qui permet la réduction ou le "fumage" du formaldhéhyde ainsi que la régulation des temps de gélification de l'adhésif obtenu. L'agent de durcissement de la présente invention est notamment utile dans les adhésifs qui sont utilisés dans l'industrie des produits forestiers.
1. A composition of matter comprising a slurry of dimethylolurea and
oxazolidine in
combination with a resorcinolic resin, wherein the ratio of dimethylolurea to
oxazolidine is
from 5:95 to 95:5, by molar basis.
2. The composition of claim 1 further including fillers.
3. The composition of claim 1 further including flow modifiers.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the resorcinolic resin is a resorcinol
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the resorcinolic resin is a phenol-
6. A hardener for resorcinolic resins comprising dimethylolurea and
oxazolidine in slurry
form wherein the ratio of dimethylolurea to oxazolidine is from 5:95 to 95:5,
by molar basis.
7. A wood product comprising wood particles which are adhered to each other by
adhesive composition comprising a resorcinolic resin and a hardener, wherein
the hardener
consists of oxazolidine and methylolurea in slurry form wherein the ratio of
dimethylolurea to
oxazolidine is from 5:95 to 95:5, by molar basis.
8. The wood product of claim 7 wherein the wood particles are wood chips.
9. The wood product of claim 7 wherein the wood particles are wood veneers.
10. The wood product of claim 7 wherein the wood particles are strands.
11. A wood product comprising a woodjoint which woodjoint is filled with an
composition comprising a resorcinolic resin and a hardener, wherein the
hardener consists of
oxazolidine and methylolurea in slurry form wherein the ratio of
dimethylolurea to oxazolidine
is from 5:95 to 95:5, by molar basis.
12. The wood product of claim 11 wherein the wood product is a fingerjointed
13. The wood product of claim 11 wherein the wood product is a laminated beam.
14. The wood product of claim 11 wherein the wood product is an I-beam.
15. The wood product of claim 11 wherein the wood product is a lumber flange
a web member selected from the group consisting of oriented strand board,
16. The wood product of claim 11 wherein the wood product is a laminated
flange joined to a web member selected from the group consisting of oriented
strand board,
lumber and plywood.
CA 02236417 1998-OS-O1
WO 97/18251 PCT/LIS96/17899
The present invention is directed to a catalyst curing system and method of
the same to reduce emissions or "fuming" of formaldehyde in resorcinol-
formaldehyde or phenol-
resorcinol-formaldehyde resins. The present invention replaces a portion of
oxazolidine, normally
used for crosslinking of a resorcinol or phenol-resorcinol resin with a class
normally called methylolureas, which are reaction products of formaldehyde and
urea chemicals.
Resorcinol-formaldehyde and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resins are used as
adhesives, such as in the wood products industry, to manufacture a variety of
laminated wood items. They are noted for their excellent exterior bonding
properties, and their
ability to fully crosstink and cure at temperatures as low as 6tfF. The latter
is important since
most items produced with these adhesives in the wood products industry do not
lend themselves
to heated cure because of size or geometry. Both of these resins are
manufactured with a
deficiency of formaldehyde. to prevent premature and uncontrolled cure or
gelation of the resin.
In use they are catalyzed by adding a sufficient amount of additional
reactant. normally
formaldehyde in potymer form called paraformaldehyde, which causes the
adhesive to thicken and
gel, and eventually cure completely at room temperature. A major drawback to
catalysis is the off-gassing, or "fuming", of formaldehyde vapors from the
adhesive while it is
being used to manufacture a wood article. Plant workers may be exposed to
these vapors, and this
may pose a significant health risk under current OSHA regulations. One means
of alleviating the
problem of formaldehyde exposure in the workplace is the use of a methylene
donor, or
crosslinking went. that does not release formaldehyde gas. One such material
is a class of
compounds known as oxazolidines. These compounds are the reaction product of
and certain amino alcohols. When mixed with resorcinol or phenol-resorcinol
resin they release
formaldehyde to the resin for curing. but do not release a discernible amount
of formaldehyde gas
to the atmosphere. This makes them preferable to formaldehyde solution or
paraiormaldehyde as
crosslinkers for the adhesives. The oxazolidines have two maior drawbacks that
widespread acceptance in the marketplace. however. First. the gel times
CA 02236417 1998-OS-O1 , ,
WO 97/18251 PCT/US96J17899
oxazolidines are generally much shorter than those obtained with conventional
catalyst. This limits the plants that can use the oxazolidine catalyst to
those with fast article
assembly, such as wood I-beam processes. Secondly, the oxazolidine is much
than formaldehyde solution or paraformaldehyde. Some plants that would like to
have the low
"filming" properties of the oxazolidine catalyzed glue are unwilling to pay
the additional price for
For these reasons there is a long felt need for an improved low "fuming"
system for resorcinol and phenol-resorcinol resins. The improvement should
inherent in the oxazolidine catalyst, namely, too rapid gelation and cure, and
high cost. The
improvement should lead to better control of cure time and lower cost, while
maintaining the low
"fuming" attribute of oxazolidine catalyst.
Qbjects of the Invention
it is an object of the invention to provide an unproved low "fuming" catalyst
for resorcinol and phenol-resorcinol resin systems.
i5 It is a further object of the invention to provide methods of curing
.resorcinol and
phenol-resorcinol resin systems where too rapid gelation and cure, and high
cost, are avoided.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide improved adhesives
products employing them which have superior properties, e.g., bonding
It is another object of the invention to provide adhesive compositions which
low fuming characteristics.
These and other objects will be more fully understood in conjunction with the
following description of the invention.
arv of the invention
We have discovered that replacement of a portion of the oxazolidine normally
for crosslinking of a resorcinol or phenol-resorcinol resin leads to improved
adhesive, while substantially reducing the cost of the adhesive. The
replacement material for the
oxazolidine is the class of compounds normally called methyiolureas, i.e.,
reaction products of
formaldehyde and urea chemicals. These compounds do not "fume" formaldehyde,
function as methylene donors for resorcinol or phenol-resorcinol resin, though
the reactivity is
such that room temperature cure of the resin cannot be achieved with
canventional resin
WO 97!18251 PCT/US96/17899
technology. There appears to be a synergy developed with the mixture of
oxazolidine and
methyiolurea wherein the gluing performance is enhanced, and cost is
There are two cnajor types of wood products that use room temperature curing
resorcinol or phenol-resorcinol adhesives. These are flat laminated beams,
where lumber of
various dimensions is laminated into structural load-bearing members, and wood
I-beams, where
lumber, plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and oriented strandboard (OSB)
are glued into
composite structural members. The assembly of flat laminated beams requires
that have a working life, or pot-life, of 120-240 minutes. This working life
is achieved with
paraformaldehyde catalysts by using a moderated paraformaldehyde with reduced
Wood I-beams however, are assembled by machine, and the adhesive is usually
mixed immediately prior to application. This operation actually benefits from
the use of a short
working life and fast gel time adhesive. An oxazolidine catalyst works very
well in the I-beam
application, aside from the high cost of the adhesive. When an amount of
oxazolidine suffcient
to cause complete crosslink cure of the resin is used, the working life of the
adhesive mix is
IS usually 60 minutes or less. This is too short for use in the flat beam
laminating process, where
the beam is often assembled and clamped by hand. It is not possible to extend
of the oxazolidine catalyzed adhesive by merely reducing the level of
catalyst, since an amount
sufficient to cause complete crossiink cure of the resin is necessary. Other
methylene donors such
as nitro alcohols and hexamethylenetetramine (hexa) have been used in the past
as crosslinkers for
resorcinol or phenol-resorcinol resin. They are not used to any great degree
in wood bonding
because of poor bonding performance or high cost. In the case of hexa, ammonia
during the curing process, and is emitted from the glue.
By using a catalyst composed of a mixture where part of the oxazolidine is
by methylolurea, several improvements are realized. Working life of the
proportional to the amount of methylolurea substituted for oxazolidine. This
greatly improves the
bonding performance of the adhesive when doing flat beam laminating, as
working life up to 180
' minutes is easily achieved. Methylolurea does not emit a volatile gas when
it functions as a
methylene donor to the resin, thus noxious emissions are minimized.
Methylolurea is inexpensive,
on the order of $0.10/Ib., compared to $1.50/lb. or higher for oxazolidine.
Laboratory tests have demonstrated the superior bonding performance of the
oxazoiidine/methylolurea mixture when compared to oxazolidine alone.
SUBSTCfUTE SHEET (RULE 2~
CA 02236417 1998-OS-O1 ,
WO 97/18251 PCT/US96/I7899
~~rief Description of thg Drawina~
Fig. 1 illustrates the effect of monomethylolurea substitution level in FM-
7210 on '
the 2I~C gel time of LT-5210/FM-7210 when modified with Potassium Phosphate
buffer salts.
The resin to slurry mix ratio was 2.5 to 1, by weight.
Fig. 2 illustrates the effect of mixed adhesive pH on the 21°C get
LT-5210/FM-7340 when modified with Potassium Phosphate buffer salts. The resin
to hardener
mix ratio was 2.5 to l, by weight.
Fig. 3a illustrates the effect of mixed pH on the Z1~C gel time of LT-
5210!100%
methylolurea when modified with Potassium Phosphate buffer salts. The resin to
methyIolurea
mix ratio was 100 to 32 parts, by weight.
Fig. 3b is an enlarged scheme of Fig. 3a at an absicca from pH = 10.8 to 12.5.
netailed De~cripr;nn of t_he Invention and Exam
The preferred method of using the invention is to replace a portion of the
oxazolidine in a hardener, intended to be used with a resorcinol or phenol-
resorcinol resin, with
methylolurea. Such a catalyst is designed to contain a certain amount of
equivalence, on a molar basis. The substitution of methylolurea for a portion
of the oxazolidine
is done so as to retain the overall formaldehyde equivalence of the catalyst
solution. This catalyst
solution may then be used as-is to catalyze a resin, or it may be used to
compound a liquid
"slurry" catalyst which in turn is used to catalyze a resin.
In the preferred method the methylolurea is formed in situ from formaldehyde
urea. This is done by making a mixture of oxazolidine with 50 % formaldehyde
solution, urea,
and caustic soda solution. As stated previously, the amount of formaldehyde in
equal to the formaldehyde equivalence of the oxazolidine that is being
replaced. A slight excess
amount of urea is used, above that necessary to form methyiolurea, so as to
shift the equilibrium .
and minimize free formaldehyde in the solution. Caustic sodium hydroxide is
added to adjust pH
to the range of 9-11, which is conducive to the formation of methylolurea.
This solution is
essentially odor free and can be used as a catalyst for resin. In the
preferred method, however,
this solution is mixed with fillers and flow modifiers to produce a "slurry"
catalyst which can be
used with on-demand meter-mix equipment, as is normally done in wood products
plants. This
slurry is metered and mixed with a metered amount of resorcinol or phenol-
resorcinol resin to
yield an adhesive mix that is used to bond wood.
WO 97/18251 PCTlUS96/I7899
In a preferred method the replacement of oxazolidine with methyiolurea amounts
~ from about 20% to about 70% replacement of oxazolidine with methylolurea
equivalence in the catalyst solution, with 40% replacement being the most
noting however, that the preferable and most preferable embodiments of
percentage replacement
5 of oxazolidine with an methylolurea may vary depending on pH. This
substituted catalyst solution
is then used in place of oxazolidine to produce a slurry catalyst. An adhesive
mix is made with
this slurry catalyst and a resorcinol or phenol-resorcinol resin. The mix
ratio of the slurry catalyst
to resin is sufficient to provide an amount of formaldehyde equivalence to
assure complete
crosslink cure of the resin. This ratio is in the range of 1.5:1 to 3.5 : 1,
resinalurry, and most
IO typically 2 : 1 to 3 : l, resin: slurry, by volume.
Typical f llers used in slurry hardeners include clays, nutshell flours, and
wood flours. The fillers generally provide a certain amount of gap-filling
character and tllixotropy
to the adhesive or glue. Slurry flow modifiers include such things as
dispersants and surfactants
which tend to lower slurry viscosity and make it easier to pump.
The invention is specific in the allowable resin types, namely, resorcinol
formaldehyde or phenol-resorcinol formaldehyde polymers or modifications of
these polymers
through use of tannins, cresols, xyienols, lignins, or other materials that
could result in terms of
equivalent wood product gluing. The invention does include all forms of these
resins that are
suitable for wood gluing processes, including but not limited to flat
laminated beams, wood
I-beams, fingerjointing, veneer lamination, general millwork, or specialty
products made with
wood chips, veneers, flakes, strands, or fibers. These resins may be alkaline,
neutral pH, or
acidic, and may be considered resoles, or novolacs. The class of compounds
oxazoiidines may be any reaction product of an aldehyde and any aminohydroxy
yields saturated heterocyclic compounds capable of functioning as methylene
donors during
polymer resin cure. The class of compounds known as methylolurea would include
product of an aldehyde and urea that is capable of functioning as a methylene
donor during
> polymer resin cure. These reaction products include, but are not limited to,
mono-, di-, and
polyfunctional methylolureas, and any urea/aidehyde polymer or oligomer that
has methylol
functionality or available methylene equivalents.
The methylolurea may be formed in situ with the oxazolidine or amino alcohol
present, as outlined in the preferred method, or it may be added, as a
previously prepared or
purchased chemical or material. While sodium hydroxide is a ed in the
preferred method, any
WO 97/I8251 PCT/US96/17899
alkaline pH modifier may be used in the manufacture of methylolurea. The
methylolurea/oxazolidine mixture may be used as a catalyst for the polymer
resin by itself, or as
a component of a hardener mixture or slurry. The methylolurea and oxazolidine
mixed with the polymer resin as separate components to achieve the same end
result, that is, the
adhesive mix composed of resin, crosslinking catalyst, and optional fillers or
The permissible ratio of substitution of methyiolurea for oxazoIidine is 5 :
95 to 95
5 on a formaldehyde functionality basis. The permissible ratio of
methylolurea/oxazolidine
catalyst to resorcinol or phenol-resorcinol resin is any amount of catalyst
sufficient to cause
complete crosslink cure of the resin. Generally this amount is that necessary
to give an overall
molar ratio of moles of aldehyde functionality : moles of resorcinol or phenol-
resorcinol of about 1
Following are examples of the invention. The catalyst system is sometimes
described as a "hardener" in that it causes the resin to crosslink into an
infusible product.
A solution of methylolurea was prepared by dissolving 200 grams of urea in 150
grams water, adding 100 grams 50 % formaldehyde solution, and adjusting pH
with 1 gram of
50 %n sodium hydroxide solution. This was then used as catalyst to determine
gel time with a
phenol-resorcinol resin (Borden Cascophen~ LT-5210). A comparison was made to
the same resin
catalyzed with an oxazolidine (Zoldine~ ZT-55) slurry.
1. LT-5210 resin 100 partsno gel overnight
Methvlolurea sin. 32 arts
2. LT-5210 resin 100 partsno gel overnight '
MethvIolurea sln. 82 arts
3. LT-5210 resin I00 parts60 minute gel [a?
ZT-55 slurr (80%) 40 arts
These data show that methyiolurea solution is not a very effective
catalyst for phenol-resorcinol resin when used alone. The data also indicate
the expected gel time
of the resin when catalyzed with oxazoiidine crosslinker.
WO 97/18251 PCT/US96/17899
Ex~~~le 2
Catalyst slurries were made with an oxazolidine (Zoldine~ ZT-55) and different
substitution levels of methylolurea (MU). These were then mixed with a phenol-
(Cascophen~ LT-5210) for gel time determination.
1. ZT-55 oxazoiidine slurry 1 part
LT-5210 resin 2.5 parts
21 C el time 63 minutes
2. ZT-55 (60%)lMU (40%) I part
IO 21 ~C el time 100 minutes
3 . ZT-55 (50 % )/MU (50 % 1 part
21~C ei time 129 minutes
4. ZT-55 (40 % )/MU (60 %) 1 part
21~C eI time 149 minutes
As illustrated in Fig. I, these data show that there is a proportional
increase in gei
time as the oxazolidine is replaced with methylolurea in the adhesive mix. All
gels were
equivalent in hardness, and gave no indication of having insufficient
crossiinking.
Examn~e 3
The adhesive mixes from Example 2 were subjected to testing as per
ASTM D2559-90, standard specification for Adhesives For Structural Laminated
For Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions_ The glued beams were
at 70-75°F. Block shear specimens were tested for compression strength
and percent wood
failure, and delamination was determined after cyclic delamination testing. In
the case of the block
shear tests, high breaking strength and high wood failure are desirable,
indicating that the glued
wood and not the cured glue is failing in the destructive testing. A low value
in the delamination
test is desirable, indicating that the glued wood specimen is resisting the
effects of cyclic soaking
and drying. '
Adhesive Mix Shear Wood Failure DeIamination
( si) (%) (%)
I . 100 % oxazolidine 1551 si 88 % 6.63 %
2. 60 % oxazolidinel40 1515 si 92 % I .83 %
% MU
3. 50 % oxazolidine/50 1466 si 89 % 1.53
4. 4U % oxazoiidine/60 1563 si 91 % 0.93 %
The shear breaking strength mainly reflects the breaking strength of the wood
percent wood failure is good. The minimum shear strength allowed is 1075 psi
average, arid all
i0 four adhesives exceeded this. The depth of adhesive penetration of the
control adhesive, I00%
oxazolidine, was not as good as the adhesives containing the methylolurea
replacement for portions
of the oxazolidine. This is reflected minimally in the percent wood failure,
and dramatically in
the average percent delamination.
Exam llz a 4
The four adhesive mixes described in Example 2 were glued again in the same
manner as described in Example 3. We used the same resin lot (a phenol
resorcinol resin (Borden
Cascophenm LT-5210)) and slurry samples that were used in the foregoing
Example 2. The only
variables were those associated with the method itself, and of the wood that
was used and the
resulting products were again tested in accordance with ASTM D-2559-90.
Resin: Inventive Hardener Mix Ratios - 2.5 : 1
Resin: Control Borden, Inc.'s (FM-7210) Hardener Mix Ratio - 2.5 : 1
Mixed glue temperatures - 70'F
Douglas fir wood temperature - 70-75 ° F
Glue spread - 65 lbs. per thousand square feet
Assembly times - 10 minutes
Cure temperatures - 70-75'F
Cure time - overnight
Post cure times at 70-75"F - 7 days
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26}
Block shear specimens were tested for compression shear strength and
percent wood failure {%WF). The durability was determined by a cyclic
vacuum pressure delamination test. The percent delamination following
cyclic exposure was determined.
Adhesive Mix SpecimensShear % WF Specimens%
(psi)* Deiamination**
100% oxazolidine 20 1356 72 3 7.33
60 % oxazoIidine/4020 1484 84 3 0.87
50 % oxazolidine/5020 1272 85 3 1.27
40% oxazolidine/60%20 1242 85 3 1.87
* The minimum required
is 1075 psi
** The maximum allowable
avers a % deiamination
is 5.0%
The % WF was again clearly better in all inventive versions than with the
control hardener.
The durability tests again showed all inventive versions to be superior to
the control under room temperature curing conditions.
Exam lie 5_
Expansion of Example 2 data to include methylolurea up to the 90% replacement
In preparation for a further laboratory gluing series, six fresh experimental
were prepared. The methyiolurea substitution levels were 40, 50, 60, 70, 80
and 90% of the
oxazolidine (Zoldine ZT-5~) level normally found in Borden, Inc.'s FM-7210
hardener. The
21 °C gel times were determined as described in Example 2. The control
mix data shown below
was from Example 2 and was not repeated. These data again show the
proportional increase in
gel time as the oxazolidine is replaced with methylolurea in the adhesive mix.
WO 97/I825i PCT/US96/i7899
1. ZT-5~ oxazoiidine slurry I part
2. ZT-55 (GO%a)/MU (40%) L part
2I~C el time 104 minutes
3 . ZT-55 (50 % )/MU (50 %a 1 part
2I ~C el time I26 minutes
4. ZT- (40%)JMU (70%) 1 part
LT-5210 resin 2.5 pans
2I~C el time I59 minutes
5. ZT-5~ (40 %}/MU (60 % ) 1 part
2i~C sei time 2II minutes
6. ZT-55 (20%}/MU (80%) I part
21 ~C ei time 303 minutes
7. ZT-~5 (10%)/MU (90%) I part
21 ~C gel time 486 minutes
Examples 6-8 report data summary from use of the inventive hardener in I joist
structural fingerjoint apptications.
Resin (LT-5210 Phenol Resorcinol}: Inventive Hardener Mix Ratio -
2.65 : 1
Resin (LT-5210 Phenol Resorcinol): Control (Borden, Inc.'s FM-6210)
Hardener Mix Ratio - 2.8 : 1
Mixed glue temperatures - 84°F
OSB web and Douglas ftr LVL flange temperatures - 81-84~F ,
Glue spread - 1400 grams per 1000 lineal inches
Assembly times - less than 30 seconds
Oven cure temperatures - li0-130~F'
Oven dwell time - 30-60 minutes
Post cure times at 70-80'F - 0 minutes and 15 hours
' The usual test for composite wood I joists is a bending test where an eight
foot length is stressed in bending until the specimen breaks. The total load
(psi) at the time of breaking is determined. The value is typically expressed
in terms of a safety factor. The usual specification is that the safety factor
must meet or exceed 2.3, or 2.3 times the design load in bending for the
particular constructions.
The average safety factor found for 10 specimens was 3.0
* The normal average safety factor range for LT-5210 or FM-b210 at a
commercial facility is 2.9 -3.2
The wood failure was judged to be better than normal. Safety factors were .
in the normal range.
xam ie~7
Resin (LT-5210 Phenol Resorcinol): Inventive Hardener Mix Ratios -
2 .4. : ~ I and 2. 8 : 1
Resin (LT-5210 Phenol Resorcinol): Control FM-7210 Hardener Mix
Ratio - 2.8 : 1
Mixed glue temperatures - 73°F
OSB web and Douglas fir LVL flange wood temperatures - 83-85°F
Glue spread - was not measured, but appeared normal
Assembly times - less than 5 minutes
Oven cure temperatures - 100-110'F
Oven dwell time - 2 hours
Post cure times at 70-80~F - 3 days
Testing: SUBSTITUTE SHEET tRULE 26)
Same testing as described in Example 6.
Ex erimental Control
FM-7340 FM-7210
I-Joists S ecimensLoad ( Safe FactorS ecimensLoad ( Safet Factor
si) si)
9.5 W cli 26 7493 3.33 14 7798 3.47
18 inch 30 I 1702 * 15 11222
No statistical differences were found in strength and wood failure factors.
ple 8~ RPSOrcinol formaldehyde resin with inventive hardener
Resin (FJ-3030, resorcinol formaldehyde): Inventive Hardener Mix Ratio -
2.36 : 1
Resin {FT-3030, resorcinol formaldehyde: Control (Borden, Inc.'s
IS FM-7210) Hardener Mix Ratio - 2.3 : 1
Mixed glue temperature - 70°F
2x4 inch, 24000F SPF lumber temperatures - 63-65 °
Fingerjoint Cure temperatures achieved - 210~F and above
Post cure times at 70-80'F - 30-40 minutes
The typical test for structural fingerjoints is a tension test where a 6 foot
piece with single fingerjoint in the middle is stressed in tension until
failure. The load (psi) at the time of breaking is determined. The safety
factor criteria will depend upon the species, size and grade of lumber being
joined. The percent wood failure {% WF) in the ftngerjoint area is also
determined. SUSST1TUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Inventive Control
hardener hardener
Specimens% WF Load Safety Specimens% WF Load Safety
( si) Factor Factor
50 98 6410 3.24 29 98 6596 3.33
The effect of pH on the gel time of a phenol-resorcinol resin (LT-5210) with
hardener of the invention (resinalurry hardener mix ratio for all mixes of
this example was 2.5 to
1 part, by weight, respectively) is shown in the following Table, and
graphically in Fig. 2.
Mix H 21 C Gel tune {minutes)
8.20 62
8.46 68
9.17 104
9.8 L 175
The effect of pH on gel time of phenol-resorcinol resin (LT-5210) with I00%
methylolurea solution as hardener (at a resin: hardener mix ratio of 100 parts
to 32 parts, by
weight, respectively for all mixes of this example) is as follows:
Mix H 2IC Gel time (hours)
9.00 23.9
11.10 9.5
11.68 4.6
12.2 0.7
These values are shown graphically in Figs. 3a and 3b.
le T -7 a
Four experimental slurries having 40 to 70% methyloIurea substituted for '
oxazolidine were tested with LT-5210 resin. The resin : slurry hardener mix
ratio was 2.5 : 1,
by weight. Four specimens were prepared using maple wood. The layups and
testing were in
conformance with the ASTM D 3535-90 Standard. Two specimens each were placed
respective environments after loading to the required compression stress
condition in special jigs.
After one week the specimens were removed from the respective environmental
jigs. The gluelines were closely observed, using a magnifier, for deformation
(creep). The total
deformation shall not exceed 0.139 inches for both test specimens and each
variable combination.
Measured Creep,
Experimental slurry i60F Condition80 Condition
hardener Specimen
ambient humidit90 % Rel. Humidit
1. ZT-55 (60 % )/MU I 0 0
(40 % )
ZT-55 (60%)/MU (40%) 2 0 0
2. ZT-55 (50%)/MU 1 0 0
ZT-55 (50%}/MU (50%) 2 0 0
I5 3. ZT-55 (40%)/MU I 0 0
ZT-55 (40%)/MU (60%) 2 0 0
4. ZT-55 (30 % )/MU 1 0 0.025
(70 % )
ZT-55 (30%)/MU (70%) 2 0.005 0.005
The four experimental adhesive mixes described in Example 5 were glued in a
similar manner as described in Example 3. We used the same resin lot that was
two gluing series. In this series the density of the Douglas fir was limited
to a specific gravity
range of approximately 0.43 to 0.48. Testing was in accordance with ASTM D
2559-90 Standard ,
for phenol-formaldehyde resorcinol and resorcinol formaldehyde resins.
Conditians:
Resin : Experimental Hardener Mix Ratios - 2.5 : 1 by weight
Resin : Control FM-7210 Hardener Mix Ratio - 2.5 : 1 by weight
Mixed glue temperatures - 70°
Douglas fir wood temperatures - 70-75 °
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2~
WO 97/18251 PCT/LJS96/I7899
Glue spread - 65 Ibs. per thousand square feet
= Assembly times - 10 minutes
Cure temperatures - 70-75~F
Cure time - clamped for overnight
Post cure times at 70-75 ° F - 7 days
percent wood failure (%WF). The durability was determined by a cyclic
pressure delamination test. The percent delamination following cyclic
i0 exposure was determined.
Adhesive Mix S ecimensShear % WF S ecimens% Delamination
100 % oxazolidine 20 1484 90 3 0.2
60% oxazolidine 20 1499 94 3 0
50 % oxazolidine 20 1508 94 3 0.33
40 % oxazolidine 20 1392 96 3 0.87
30% oxazolidine 20 1436 96 3 0.6
average % deiamination
The % WF was again better in all experimental versions than with the
A stock dimethyiolurea chemical was utilized in combination with Borden Resin
WS 421-126. This resin has no gel without adding a crosslinker. The following
10 g dimethyiolurea; SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26~
CA 02236417 1998-OS-O1 . .
WO 97J18251 PCT/US96/17899
SO g WS 421-126.
BWG-I.9 minutes, no formaldehyde odor.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data were generated to examine more
closely the contribution of methylolureas (which replace a portion of the
oxazolidine in the slurry
catalyst system of the invention) toward the catalyzation of Cascophen~ LT-
52I0Q phenol
resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF~ resin. Two levels of catalyst additions were
investigated as shown
in the following Table. In DSC, the peak areas are a direct measure of the
heat of chemical
reaction, or total exotherm in Joules/gram (J/g). These data indicate that
formaldehyde donated
IO by the methylolureas is a major contributor to total exotherm, as well as
affecting the physical
nature of the cured plug after the run (systems 1,5). Oxazolidine alone
(systems 2,3 and 6,7) gave
earlier onset and peak temperatures. Addition of monomeric urea tended to slow
down reactivities
(systems 4,8 vs systems 3,7). In summary the data indicates that when present,
methylolureas are
important contributors to the reactivity of a PRF adhesive system.
IS TABLE
DSC results for mixes containing 50g of Cascophen~ LT-5210Q with various
levels of catalysts.
WS-554-I03B is a catalyst blend comprised of 60% Angus Zoldine~ ZT-55 and 40%
methylolurea. 20°C/min scan rate.
System Catalyst Exotherm Peak OnsetSample
(J/g) (C} ( Characteristics
C) After Run
20 1. l6.lg WS-544-103B 11I 96.5 64.6 Hard rubbery
2. i6. ig ZT-5~ 93 ~ 85.4 58.3 Hard/brittle
3. l6.Ig 29% ZT-55' 42 91.0 6I.8 Soft rubber
4. 16.6e 29%a ZT-55/38% 40 93.9 63.3 Soft rubber
urea'-
S. 6.6g WS-544-1038 79 97.7 67.0 Soft robber
25 6. 6.6g ZT-~5 65 85.3 59.6 Rubbery
7. 6.6g 29 % ZT-553 20 87.0 --- Liquid
8. 6.6g 29 % ZT-55/38 19 87.3 60.8 Liquid
% urea''
WO 97/18251 PCTlUS96117899
,, 'Provides the amount of ZT-55 in I6.6g of WS-544-103B.
ZProvides the amount of ZT-55 and urea in 16.6g of WS-544-103B
3Provides the amount of ZT-55 in 6.6g of WS-544-103B.
' 4Provides the amount of ZT-55 and urea in 6.6g of WS-544-103B.
Although the preceding description has emphasized the use of the novel
of this invention, in the context of resins or adhesives for the forest
products industry, e.g., LVL
and OSB, it is by no means limited to this utility but may be utilized
wherever resorcinolic resins
are utilized where control of cure time andlor cost is a consideration.
Although we have disclosed
a binary system of a hardener including methylolureas and oxazolidine, it
should be apparent that
others skilled in the art would readily find obvious modifications by
including nitroaIkanes,
nitroalcohols and alkyiene amines or their precursors with the hardener
disclosed by the present
Sorry, the representative drawing for patent document number 2236417 was not found.
Forecasted Issue Date 2005-03-22
(86) PCT Filing Date 1996-11-12
(87) PCT Publication Date 1997-05-22
(85) National Entry 1998-05-01
Examination Requested 2001-08-20
(45) Issued 2005-03-22
Expired 2016-11-14
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DETLEFSEN, WILLIAM D.
GARWOOD, ARTHUR J.
PHILLIPS, EARL K.
Cover Page 2005-02-17 1 32
Description 1998-05-01 17 755
Abstract 1998-05-01 1 51
Claims 2003-05-22 2 54
Claims 1998-05-01 2 56
Drawings 1998-05-01 2 38
Cover Page 1998-08-31 1 39
Claims 2004-01-20 2 49
Assignment 1998-05-01 3 101
PCT 1998-05-01 8 279
Correspondence 1998-07-21 1 28
Assignment 1999-05-25 14 717
Prosecution-Amendment 2001-08-20 1 31
Assignment 2002-06-28 4 184
Assignment 2002-10-30 13 578
Assignment 2002-11-28 23 1,132
Assignment 2002-12-03 17 535
Prosecution-Amendment 2003-05-22 3 98
Prosecution-Amendment 2003-08-28 2 50
Prosecution-Amendment 2004-01-20 4 94
Assignment 2004-10-28 18 719
Correspondence 2004-12-03 1 12
Correspondence 2004-12-30 1 29
Assignment 2005-06-22 42 1,684
Assignment 2005-06-23 61 3,584
Assignment 2009-04-29 3 145
Assignment 2010-04-30 17 734
Assignment 2012-06-18 20 816
Assignment 2013-04-04 11 377