Source: http://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/law/wsr/2018/05/18-05-091.htm
Timestamp: 2019-02-22 08:27:16
Document Index: 552655359

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 98', 'art 292', 'art 75', 'art 72', 'art 75', 'art 75', 'art 75', 'art 75', 'art 75', 'art 75', 'art 75', 'art 98', 'art 98', 'art 98', 'art 98', 'art 75', 'art 75', 'art 75']

WSR 18-05-091
[Order 16-12—Filed February 21, 2018, 8:26 a.m., effective March 24, 2018]
Purpose: Ecology is adopting amendments to chapter 173-407 WAC, Greenhouse gas mitigation requirements and emissions performance standard for power plants (ecology revised the rule title in this rule making).
This rule requires power plants and units to:
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 mitigation; Part I).
Meet the greenhouse gas emissions performance standard (Part II).
Develop and implement plans or programs to reduce greenhouse gases as approved by ecology (Part II).
This rule also describes ecology's consultation with utilities and transportation commission and consumer-owned utilities (Part III).
Most of the changes in this rule making only apply to new power plants and units, and existing power plants and units that change ownership, upgrade with an increase in heat input or fuel usage, or sign a new long-term financial commitment (such as power purchase agreements and plant purchases).
Citation of Rules Affected by this Order: Amending chapter 173-407 WAC.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: Chapter 80.70 RCW for WAC 173-407-006 through 173-407-090; chapter 80.80 RCW for WAC 173-407-005, 173-407-006, and 173-407-100 through 173-407-320.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 17-20-099 on October 4, 2017.
WAC 173-407-005:
In subsection (a), change "WAC 173-407-010 through 173-407-090" to "WAC 173-407-010 through 173-407-080" to match with the sections included in Part I.
In subsection (c), change "WAC 173-407-300 through 173-407-400" to "WAC 173-407-300 through 173-407-320" to match with the sections included in Part III.
WAC 173-407-006:
Replace the "adoption date of this rule in February 2018" with "February 21, 2018," the actual rule adoption date, to make the rule easier to understand.
WAC 173-407-050(1):
Add "…" in the equation because it was mistakenly removed.
In subsection (e), move "in effect on the date in WAC 173-407-006" to directly after "Table C-1" to connect the date reference to what it applies to.
WAC 173-407-060 (1)(a):
Add "The facility does not need to submit any mitigation plan if the calculated mitigation quantity is less than or equal to zero." to provide clarification.
WAC 173-407-120 (1)(a):
Add "commercial" in front of operation to match with the defined term in WAC 173-407-110.
WAC 173-407-130(2):
Replace the "rule effective date, March 2018" with "March 24, 2018," the actual rule effective date, to make the rule easier to understand.
Replace "the day before the rule effective date, March 2018" with "March 23, 2018" to make the rule easier to understand.
WAC 173-407-130 (3)(b):
Change "sequestration method" to "sequestration methods" because we mistakenly changed the term to singular in the proposed language.
WAC 173-407-160 (formerly WAC 173-407-230):
Replace the "effective date of this rule in March 2018" with "March 24, 2018," the actual rule effective date, throughout this section to make the rule easier to understand.
In subsection (1)(c)(iv)(B), add "and produces" in front of "less than 25 MW of electricity" because it was mistakenly omitted.
WAC 173-407-200(1):
Add "to ecology" to clarify who the facility should submit the sequestration plan to.
Add "propose to" before "begin sequestration" to clarify when the facility should submit the sequestration plan.
WAC 173-407-200(2):
WAC 173-407-220:
Add "to" before "ecology" in the first paragraph of this section because it was mistakenly omitted.
In subsection (1)(b)(ii)(D), change "volume" to "quantity" to correct the wording used in the rule.
Add "Note: Ecology is the agency responsible for enforcing this section." to provide clarification that ecology is the authorizing agency for enforcing Part II of this rule.
Revise subsection (4) to read "Enforcement of a violation of notice of an order of approval must follow the requirements of chapter 70.94 RCW, as implemented by the permitting authority …." to provide clarification.
WAC 173-407-320(1):
Add "in effect at the time the long-term financial commitment is signed" to provide clarification.
Please see the concise explanatory statement for rule language changes from passive voice to active voice.
A final cost-benefit analysis is available by contacting Caroline (Ying) Sun, Department of Ecology, Air Quality Program, P.O. Box 47600, Olympia, WA 98504-7600, phone 360-407-7528, TTY 877-833-6341, email caroline.sun@ecy.wa.gov, web site https://www.ecology.wa.gov/Regulations-Permits/Laws-rules/Rulemaking/WAC-173-407-Feb17.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 2, Amended 22, Repealed 1.
Date Adopted: February 21, 2018.
((CARBON DIOXIDE MITIGATION PROGRAM, GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE STANDARD AND SEQUESTRATION PLANS AND PROGRAMS FOR THERMAL ELECTRIC GENERATING FACILITIES)) GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS AND EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR POWER PLANTS
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 08-14-011, filed 6/19/08, effective 7/20/08)
WAC 173-407-005 ((Work in unison.)) Overview.
((The requirements of this chapter, WAC 173-407-010 through 173-407-070, are based upon chapter 80.70 RCW and are separate and distinct from the requirements found in this chapter, WAC 173-407-100 through 173-407-320 that are based upon chapter 80.80 RCW. These two requirements are required to work in unison with each other in a serial manner. The first requirement is the emissions performance standard. Once that standard is met, the requirements of chapter 80.70 RCW (WAC 173-407-010 through 173-407-070) are applied.)) (1) This rule has three separate parts:
WAC 173-407-006 Adoption of federal rules.
CARBON DIOXIDE MITIGATION ((FOR FOSSIL-FUELED THERMAL ELECTRIC GENERATING FACILITIES, IMPLEMENTING CHAPTER 80.70 RCW)) REQUIREMENTS
WAC 173-407-010 Policy and purpose of Part I.
(1) ((It is the policy of the state to require mitigation of the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2))) Chapter 80.70 RCW requires mitigation of CO2 emissions from all new and certain modified fossil-fueled thermal electric generating facilities with station-generating capability of more than 25 megawatts of electricity (MWe).
(a) Emissions of other regulated air pollutants must ((be a large enough quantity to)) trigger ((those)) the requirements of chapter 173-401 WAC.
(b) For a fossil-fueled thermal electric generating ((facilities that are)) facility subject to chapter 173-401 WAC, the CO2 mitigation requirements are an applicable requirement under that regulation.
WAC 173-407-020 Definitions to Part I.
The definitions in this section are ((found in RCW 80.70.010 and apply throughout this chapter unless clearly stated otherwise. The definitions are reprinted below)) only applicable to Part I.
(("Authority" means any air pollution control agency whose jurisdictional boundaries are coextensive with the boundaries of one or more counties.))
"Carbon credit" means a verified reduction in carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalents that is registered with a state, national, or international trading authority or exchange that has been recognized by ((the council)) EFSEC.
"Cogeneration credit" means the carbon dioxide emissions that ((the council, department, or authority)) EFSEC or the permitting authority, as appropriate, estimates a stand-alone industrial and commercial facility would ((be produced)) produce on an annual basis ((by a stand-alone industrial and commercial facility)) that is equivalent in operating characteristics and output to the industrial or commercial heating or cooling process component of the cogeneration plant.
(("Council" means the energy facility site evaluation council created by RCW 80.50.030.
"Department)) "Ecology" means the department of ecology.
"Independent qualified organization" is an organization identified by ((the energy facility site evaluation council)) EFSEC as meeting the requirements of RCW 80.70.050.
(a) Projects or actions ((that are)) implemented by the certificate holder or order of approval holder, directly or through its agent, or by an independent qualified organization to mitigate the emission of carbon dioxide produced by the fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facility. This term includes, but is not limited to((,)):
(i) The use of energy efficiency measures((,));
(ii) Clean and efficient transportation measures((,));
(iii) Qualified alternative energy resources((,));
(iv) Demand side management of electricity consumption((,)); and
(v) Carbon sequestration programs((;)).
(d) Enforceable and permanent reductions in carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalents through process change, equipment shutdown, or other activities under the control of the ((applicant)) facility and approved as part of a carbon dioxide mitigation plan.
"Order of approval" means an order issued under RCW 70.94.152 with respect to a fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facility subject to ((RCW 80.70.020 (1)(b) or (d))) WAC 173-407-030.
(a) For a fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facility described ((under RCW 80.70.020 (1)(a) and (b))) in WAC 173-407-030(1), the amount of carbon dioxide emitted over a thirty-year period based on:
(i) The manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed total net station generating capability((,));
(ii) New equipment heat rate((,)); and
(iii) An assumed sixty percent capacity factor for facilities under ((the council's)) EFSEC's jurisdiction or sixty percent of the operational limitations on facilities subject to an order of approval, ((and)) taking into account any enforceable limitations on operational hours or fuel types and use((; and)).
(b) For a fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facility described ((under RCW 80.70.020 (1)(c) and (d))) in WAC 173-407-030(2), the amount of carbon dioxide emitted over a thirty-year period based on:
(i) The proposed increase in the amount of electrical output of the facility that exceeds the station generation capability of the facility prior to the ((applicant)) facility applying for certification or an order of approval ((pursuant to RCW 80.70.020 (1)(c) and (d),));
(iii) An assumed sixty percent capacity factor for facilities under ((the council's)) EFSEC's jurisdiction or sixty percent of the operational limitations on facilities subject to an order of approval, ((and)) taking into account any enforceable limitations on operational hours or fuel types and use.
WAC 173-407-030 Carbon dioxide mitigation program applicability for Part I.
(((1) Statutory authority for a carbon dioxide mitigation program. RCW 70.94.892(1) states that "For fossil-fueled electric generation facilities having more than twenty-five thousand kilowatts station generating capability but less than three hundred fifty thousand kilowatts station generation capability, except for fossil-fueled floating thermal electric generation facilities under the jurisdiction of the energy facility site evaluation council pursuant to RCW 80.50.010, the department or authority shall implement a carbon dioxide mitigation program consistent with the requirements of chapter 80.70 RCW."
(2) Statutory carbon dioxide mitigation program applicability requirements. RCW 80.70.020 describes the applicability requirements and is reprinted below:
(1) The provisions of this chapter apply to:
(a) New fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facilities with station-generating capability of three hundred fifty thousand kilowatts or more and fossil-fueled floating thermal electric generation facilities of one hundred thousand kilowatts or more under RCW 80.50.020 (14)(a), for which an application for site certification is made to the council after July 1, 2004;
(b) New fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facilities with station-generating capability of more than twenty-five thousand kilowatts, but less than three hundred fifty thousand kilowatts, except for fossil-fueled floating thermal electric generation facilities under the council's jurisdiction, for which an application for an order of approval has been submitted after July 1, 2004;
(c) Fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facilities with station-generating capability of three hundred fifty thousand kilowatts or more that have an existing site certification agreement and, after July 1, 2004, apply to the council to increase the output of carbon dioxide emissions by fifteen percent or more through permanent changes in facility operations or modification or equipment; and
(d) Fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facilities with station-generating capability of more than twenty-five thousand kilowatts, but less than three hundred fifty thousand kilowatts, except for fossil-fueled floating thermal electric generation facilities under the council's jurisdiction, that have an existing order of approval and, after July 1, 2004, apply to the department or authority, as appropriate, to permanently modify the facility so as to increase its station-generating capability by at least twenty-five thousand kilowatts or to increase the output of carbon dioxide emissions by fifteen percent or more, whichever measure is greater.
(3))) (1) New ((facilities)) facility. ((Any)) A fossil-fueled thermal electric generating facility ((is required to)) must mitigate CO2 emissions ((as described in chapter 80.70 RCW, if)) when the facility meets the following criteria:
(a) ((An)) A facility submits a notice of construction application ((was received)) after July 1, 2004;
(b) The station-generating capability is ((below 350 MWe and above 25)) between 25 MWe and 350 MWe; and
(c) The facility is not a fossil-fueled floating thermal electric generation facility ((subject to regulation by the energy facility site evaluation council)) regulated by EFSEC (100 MWe or more).
(((4))) (2) Modifying an existing fossil-fueled thermal electric generating ((facilities)) facility. A fossil-fueled thermal electric generating facility seeking to modify the facility or ((any)) an electrical generating unit((s is required to)) must mitigate the ((increase of the emission of CO2, as described in RCW 80.70.020, when the following occur)) increased CO2 emissions when the facility meets the following criteria:
(a) ((The)) A facility submits a notice of construction application ((was received)) after July 1, 2004;
(b) The unmodified station generating capability is ((more than)) between 25 MWe and ((less than)) 350 MWe;
(i) An increase in station-generating capability of ((more than)) at least 25 MWe; or
(ii) An increase in CO2 emissions output by 15((%)) percent or more;
(d) The facility ((or the modification is not under the jurisdiction of the energy facility site evaluation council.
(5))) is not a fossil-fueled floating thermal electric generation facility regulated by EFSEC (100 MWe or more).
(c) Combined cycle combustion turbine((s)) (with and without duct burners) attached to an electric generator and supplying steam to a steam turbine - electric generator;
(d) Coal gasification unit((s)), or similar device((s)), where the synthesis gas produced is used to fuel a combustion turbine, boiler or similar device used to power an electric generator or provide hydrogen for use in fuel cells; or
WAC 173-407-040 Carbon dioxide mitigation program fees under Part I.
Fees can be found in ((chapter 173-455)) WAC 173-455-050.
WAC 173-407-050 Calculating total carbon dioxide emissions to be mitigated under Part I.
(1) Step 1 ((is to calculate the total quantity of CO2. The total quantity of CO2 is referred to as the maximum potential emissions of CO2. The maximum potential emissions of CO2 is defined as)) - Calculate the annual CO2 emission rate. Calculate the annual CO2 emission rate ((is derived by)) using the following formula unless a differing analysis is necessary or appropriate for the electric generating process and type of equipment:
((Maximum potential emissions)) Annual CO2 emission rate in metric tons per year
F1 ((-n)) to Fn
Maximum design fuel firing rate in MMBtu/hour calculated as manufacturer or designer's guaranteed total net station generating capability in MWe/hour times the new equipment heat rate in ((Btu/MWe)) MMBtu/MWe. Determined based on higher heating values of fuel
K1 ((-n)) to Kn
T1 ((-n)) to Tn
Fuel to CO2 conversion factor for the supplemental fuel being evaluated in lb CO2/MMBtu for fuel ((Fn)) Fs given fuel
Hours per year supplemental fuel ((Fn)) Fs is allowed. The default is 8760 hours unless there is a limitation on hours in an order of approval
(a) When there are multiple new fossil-fueled electric generating units, the above calculation ((will)) must be performed for each unit and the ((total)) annual CO2 emission((s)) rate of all units ((will)) must be summed.
(b) ((When)) A unit or facility ((is)) allowed to use multiple fuels((,)) must use the maximum allowed hours on the highest CO2 producing fuels ((will be utilized)) for each fuel until the total of all hours per fuel add up to the allowable annual hours.
(c) ((When)) A new unit or facility ((is)) allowed to use multiple fuels without restriction in its ((approval order(s),)) order of approval must perform this calculation ((will be performed)) assuming that the fuel with the highest CO2 emission rate is used 100((%)) percent of the time.
(d) When the order of approval restricts the annual operating hours ((are restricted)) for any reason, the total of ((all T1 - n hours)) T1 to Tn equals the annual allowable hours of operation in the order of approval.
(e) Fuel to CO2 conversion factors (((derived from the EPA's AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors):
Kn lb/MMBtu
Bituminous coal, low volatility
Bituminous coal, medium volatility
Bituminous coal, high volatility
Calculate based on carbon content of the fossil fuel and application of the gross heat content (higher heating value) of the fuel
00.00))
. For K1 to Kn and Ks in the formula in subsection (1) of this section, use the CO2 emission factors for fossil fuels in 40 C.F.R. Part 98, Table C-1 (in effect on the date in WAC 173-407-006), except that the values for nonfossil fuels must be 0.00 lb/MMBtu.
(2) Step 2 - ((Insert the annual CO2 rate to)) Determine the total carbon dioxide emissions ((to be mitigated. The formula below includes specifications that are part of the total carbon dioxide definition)). You must use the following formula to determine total carbon dioxide emissions:
(3) Step 3 - Determine ((and apply)) the cogeneration credit (if any).
(a) Where the cogeneration unit or facility qualifies for cogeneration credit, the cogeneration credit is the annual CO2 emission rate (in metric tons per year) ((and is calculated as shown below or similar method)). You must use the following formula or a similar method to determine the annual CO2 cogeneration credit:
The annual CO2 cogeneration credit ((for cogeneration)) in metric tons/year((.))
Annual heat energy supplied by the cogeneration plant to the "steam host" per the contract or other binding obligation/agreement between the parties in MMBtu/yr as substantiated by an engineering analysis((.))
The time weighted ((average CO2 emission rate constant)) fuel to CO2 conversion factor for the cogeneration plant in lb CO2/MMBtu supplied. The time weighted average is calculated similarly to the above method described in subsection (1) of this section((.))
Efficiency of new boiler that would provide the same quantity of thermal energy. Assume n = 0.85 unless ((applicant)) facility provides information supporting a different value((.))
(4) Step 4 - ((Apply the mitigation factor.
(a) RCW 80.70.020(4) states that "Fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facilities that receive site certification approval or an order of approval shall provide mitigation for twenty percent of the total carbon dioxide emissions produced by the facility."
(b))) Determine the mitigation quantity. Determine the CO2 emissions mitigation quantity ((is determined by)) using the following formula:
((CO2rate
The annual maximum CO2 emissions from the generating facility in tons/year))
(5) Additional restrictions for a modification((s)) to an existing facility not involving ((installation of)) installing new generating units. Calculate the CO2 mitigation quantity ((of CO2 to be mitigated is calculated by the same methods used for the new generating units)) using the method in subsections (1) through (4) of this section with the following restrictions:
(a) The quantity of CO2 subject to mitigation is ((only that)) limited to the emissions resulting from the modification and does not include the ((CO2)) emissions occurring prior to the modification;
(c) The annual CO2 emission((s)) rate (CO2rate) in subsection (1) of this section is the difference between the premodification condition and the postmodification condition, but using the like new heat rate for the combustion equipment; and
(d) ((The)) A facility may use a cogeneration credit ((may be used, but)) only if it is a new cogeneration credit((, not a cogeneration agreement or arrangement)) established ((prior to)) after July 1, 2004((, or used in a prior CO2 mitigation evaluation)).
WAC 173-407-060 Carbon dioxide mitigation plan requirements and options under Part I.
(1) ((Once the total carbon dioxide emissions mitigation quantity is calculated, what is next?)) Mitigation plan requirements.
(a) The facility must mitigate ((that level of carbon dioxide)) the quantity of CO2 emissions((. A)) determined by WAC 173-407-050 (4) or (5) as applicable. The facility must have an approved CO2 mitigation plan ((is required and must be approved)) as part of the order of approval. ((RCW 80.70.020 (2)(b) states that "For fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facilities not under jurisdiction of the council, the order of approval shall require an approved carbon dioxide mitigation plan." A mitigation plan is a proposal that includes the process or means to achieve carbon dioxide mitigation through use of mitigation projects or carbon credits (RCW 80.70.010).
(2) What are the mitigation plan options? The options are identified in RCW 80.70.020(3), which states that ")) The facility does not need to submit any mitigation plan if the calculated mitigation quantity is less than or equal to zero.
(2) Mitigation plan options. An applicant for a fossil-fueled thermal electric generation facility ((shall)) must include one or a combination of the following ((carbon dioxide)) CO2 mitigation options as part of its mitigation plan:
(c) Investment in applicant-controlled ((carbon dioxide)) CO2 mitigation projects, including combined heat and power (cogeneration).(("))
(3) ((What are the requirements of the payment to a third party option? The payment to a third party option requirements are found in RCW 80.70.020 (5) and (6). Subsection (5) identifies the mitigation rate for this option and describes the process for changing the mitigation rate. Subsection (6) describes the payment options.)) Requirements of the payment to a third-party option.
(a) The initial mitigation rate is $1.60 per metric ton of ((carbon dioxide)) CO2 to be mitigated. ((If there is)) For a cogeneration plant, the monetary amount is based on the difference between twenty percent of the total carbon dioxide emissions and the cogeneration credit. This rate will change when ((the energy facility site evaluation council)) EFSEC adjusts it through the process described in RCW 80.70.020 (5)(a) and (b)((. The total payment amount = mitigation rate x mitigation quantity)).
(b) An applicant may choose between a lump sum payment ((or)) and partial payments over a period of five years. ((The lump sum payment is described in RCW 80.70.020 (6)(a) and (b).))
(i) The applicant must pay the lump sum payment amount ((is the mitigation quantity multiplied by the per ton mitigation rate. The entire payment amount is due)) to the independent qualified organization no later than one hundred twenty days after the start of commercial operation.
((The alternative to a one-time payment is a partial payment described in RCW 80.70.020 (6)(c). Under this alternative,)) (ii) The applicant must make partial payments to the independent qualified organization in five equal payments over five years. The applicant must pay the first twenty percent of the total payment ((is due)) to the independent qualified organization no later than one hundred twenty days after the start of commercial operation. An applicant must make a payment of the same amount (or an adjusted amount if the rate is changed under RCW 80.70.020 (5)(a)) ((is due on)) by the anniversary date of the initial payment for the next four consecutive years. ((In addition, the applicant is required to)) The facility must provide a letter of credit or comparable security for the remaining 80((%)) percent at the time of the first payment. The letter of credit ((())or comparable security(())) must ((also)) include possible rate changes.
(4) ((What are the requirements of the permanent carbon credits option? RCW 80.70.030 identifies the criteria and specifies that these credits cannot be resold without approval from the local air authority having jurisdiction or ecology where there is no local air authority. The)) Requirements of the permanent carbon credits option. The applicant must acquire permanent carbon credits equaling the mitigation quantity as calculated in WAC 173-407-050(4), unless the power plant permanently ceases operation. The permanent carbon credits must meet the following criteria ((of RCW 80.70.030(1) are as follows)):
(a) Credits must derive from real, verified, permanent, and enforceable ((carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide)) CO2 or CO2 equivalents emission mitigation not otherwise required by statute, regulation, or other legal requirements;
(b) The credits must be acquired after July 1, 2004; ((and))
(c) The credits may not have been used for other ((carbon dioxide)) CO2 mitigation projects; and
(5) ((What are the requirements for the applicant controlled mitigation projects option? RCW 80.70.040 identifies the requirements for applicant controlled mitigation projects. Subsections (1) through (5) specify the criteria.)) Applicant controlled mitigation projects option. The facility may invest directly in mitigation projects. The permitting authority cannot require the direct investment cost of the applicant controlled mitigation project, including funds used for selection, monitoring, and evaluation of mitigation projects ((cannot be required by ecology or the local authority)), to exceed the cost of ((making a lump sum)) the total payment to a third party per WAC 173-407-060(3).
(a) ((Implemented through mitigation projects)) Conducted directly by((,)) or under the control of((,)) the order of approval holder.
(b) Approved by the permitting authority ((having jurisdiction or the department where there is no local air authority and incorporated)) and included as a condition of the ((proposed)) order of approval.
(c) ((Fully in place within a reasonable time)) Operational within one year after the start of commercial operation. Failure to implement an approved mitigation plan is subject to enforcement under ((chapter 70.94 RCW)) WAC 173-407-080.
WAC 173-407-070 Carbon dioxide mitigation option statement and mitigation plan approval under Part I.
(1) ((Applicants must provide the department or authority with a statement selecting the mitigation option(s) at the time the application is submitted.)) The notice of construction application to the permitting authority must indicate the selected mitigation option(s).
(2) Applicants ((choosing to use the)) using payment to an independent qualified organization (a third party) or the permanent carbon credit option must provide ((the department or the authority, as appropriate, with)) the documentation to the permitting authority to show how the applicant will satisfy the requirements ((will be satisfied)) before the permitting authority can issue an order ((or)) of approval ((will be issued)).
(3) Applicants ((seeking to use)) using the ((applicant)) facility controlled mitigation project((s)) option must submit the entire mitigation plan to the ((department or the)) permitting authority. The ((department or authority having jurisdiction)) permitting authority will review the plan((. Under RCW 70.94.892 (2)(b), the review criteria is based on whether the mitigation plan is consistent)) for consistency with the requirements of Part I of this chapter (( 80.70 RCW)).
(4) Upon completing the review ((phase)), the ((department or the authority having jurisdiction)) permitting authority must approve or deny the mitigation plan.
(5) An approved mitigation plan((s)) must become part of the order of approval.
WAC 173-407-080 Enforcement under Part I.
((Applicants or facilities)) A facility violating the ((carbon dioxide)) CO2 mitigation program requirements ((are)) is subject to the enforcement provisions of chapter 70.94 RCW.
GREENHOUSE ((GASES)) GAS EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE STANDARD AND SEQUESTRATION PLANS AND PROGRAMS ((FOR BASELOAD ELECTRIC GENERATION FACILITIES IMPLEMENTING CHAPTER 80.80 RCW))
WAC 173-407-100 Policy and purpose of Part II.
((It is the intent of)) The legislature((, under chapter 80.80 RCW, to establish)) established statutory goals for the statewide reduction of greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions. The legislature further intends by chapter 80.80 RCW to authorize immediate actions in the electric power generation sector for the reduction of greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions.
WAC 173-407-110 Definitions to Part II and Part III.
"Average available greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions output" means the level of greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions as surveyed and determined by the energy policy division of the department of ((community, trade, and economic development)) commerce under RCW 80.80.050.
"Baseload electric generation" means electric generation from a power plant that is designed and intended to provide electricity at an annualized plant capacity factor of at least sixty percent. ((For a cogeneration facility, the sixty percent annual capacity factor applies to only the electrical production intended to be supplied for sale.)) For purposes of Part II and Part III of this rule, "designed" means originally specified by the design engineers for the power plant or generating units (such as simple cycle combustion turbines) installed at a power plant; and "intended" means allowed for by the current permits for the power plant, recognizing the capability of the installed equipment or intent of the owner or operator of the power plant at the time of original permitting.
(("Baseload electric cogeneration facility" means a cogeneration facility that provides baseload electric generation.))
(("Commission" means the Washington utilities and transportation commission.))
(("Department" or)) "Ecology" means the department of ecology.
"Greenhouse ((gases")) gas" or "GHG" includes carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
"Permanent sequestration" means the retention of greenhouse gases in a containment system using a method that is in accordance with standards approved by ((the department)) ecology and that creates a high degree of confidence that substantially ninety-nine percent of the greenhouse gases will remain contained for at least one thousand years.
"Power plant" means a facility for the generation of electricity that is permitted as a single plant by ((the energy facility site evaluation council or a local jurisdiction)) a jurisdiction inside or outside the state. A power plant may be comprised of one or more individual electrical generating units, each unit of which can be operated or owned separately from the other units.
"Regulated greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions" is the mass of carbon dioxide emitted plus the mass of nitrous oxide emitted plus the mass of methane emitted. Regulated greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions include carbon dioxide produced by a sulfur dioxide control system such as a wet limestone scrubber system.
(c) By-products of pulping or wood manufacturing processes((,)) including, but not limited to, bark, wood chips, sawdust, and lignin in spent pulping liquors; ((or))
(a) For a topping-cycle cogeneration facility, the use of reject heat from a power production process in sufficient amounts ((in)) to support a thermal application or process to conform to the requirements of the operating standard; or
"Sequestration program" means a comprehensive plan describing how a baseload electric generation plant's owner or operator will demonstrate compliance with the emissions performance standard at start of commercial operation and continuing unchanged into the future. The program is a description of how the facility meets the emissions performance standard based on the characteristics of the baseload electric generation facility or unit or by sequestering greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions to meet the emissions performance standard with the sequestration starting on or before the start of commercial operation.
"Total energy output" of a ((topping cycle)) cogeneration facility or unit is the sum of the useful electrical power output and useful thermal energy output.
(a) That is made available to and used in an industrial or commercial process (minus any heat ((contained)) in condensate return and/or makeup water);
(b) That is used in a heating application (e.g., space heating, domestic hot water heating); ((or))
WAC 173-407-120 ((Facilities subject to the)) Greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions performance standard applicability for Part II.
(((1) This rule is applicable to all baseload electric generation facilities and units and baseload electric cogeneration facilities and units that:
(a) Are new and are permitted for construction and operation after June 30, 2008, and that utilize fossil fuel or nonrenewable fuels for all or part of their fuel requirements.
(b) Are existing and that commence operation on or before June 30, 2008, when the facility or unit's owner or operator engages in an action listed in subsection (3) or (4) of this section.
(2) This rule is not applicable to any baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit that is designed and intended to utilize a renewable fuel to provide at least ninety percent of its total annual heat input.
(3) A baseload electric generation facility or an individual electric generating unit at a baseload electric generation facility is required to meet the emissions performance standard in effect when:
(a) The new baseload electric generation facility or new electric generating unit at an existing baseload electric generation facility is issued a notice of construction approval or a site certification agreement;
(b) The existing facility or a unit is upgraded; or
(c) The existing facility or a unit is subject to a new long-term financial commitment.
(4) A baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit is required to meet the emissions performance standard in effect when:
(a) The new baseload electric cogeneration facility or new baseload electric cogeneration unit is issued a notice of construction approval or a site certification agreement;
(b) The existing facility or unit is upgraded; or
(c) The existing facility or unit is subject to a change in ownership.
(5) A new baseload electric generation facility or unit or new baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit becomes an existing baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit the day it commences commercial operation.)) (1) Starting July 1, 2008, a baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit located in Washington is subject to the GHG EPS each time it meets one of the following conditions:
WAC 173-407-130 Emissions performance standard under Part II.
(((1) Beginning July 1, 2008, all baseload electric generation facilities and units and baseload electric cogeneration facilities and units subject to WAC 173-407-120 are not allowed to emit to the atmosphere regulated greenhouse gases at a rate greater than one thousand one hundred pounds per megawatt-hour, annual average.
(3) All baseload electric cogeneration facilities and units in operation on or before June 30, 2008, and operating exclusively on natural gas, waste gas, a combination of natural and waste gases, or a renewable fuel, are deemed to be in compliance with the emissions performance standard until the facility or unit is subject to a new ownership interest or is upgraded. For purposes of this section, exclusive use of renewable fuel shall mean at least ninety percent of total annual heat input by a renewable fuel.
(4) Compliance)) (1) A baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit must comply with the GHG EPS in subsection (2) of this section in effect at the time when the facility or unit triggers the applicability in WAC 173-407-120.
(3) A facility may comply with the ((emissions performance standard may be)) GHG EPS through the use of:
(a) ((Use of)) Fuel((s)) and power plant design((s that comply with the emissions performance standard without need for greenhouse gases emission controls)); or
(b) ((Use of greenhouse gases)) GHG emission control((s)) and ((greenhouse gases)) sequestration methods meeting the requirements of WAC 173-407-220 or 173-218-115, as appropriate.
(((5) The greenhouse gases emissions performance standard in subsection (1) of this section applies to all baseload electric generation for which electric utilities enter into long-term financial commitments on or after July 1, 2008.))
WAC 173-407-140 Calculating greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions and determining compliance for a baseload electric generation ((facilities)) facility or unit under Part II.
(1) The owner or operator of a baseload electric generation facility or unit ((that)) must collect the following data to demonstrate compliance with the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS in WAC 173-407-130(((1) shall collect the following data)):
(a) ((Fuels and fuel feed stocks.
(i) All fuels and fuel feed stocks used to provide energy input to the baseload electric generation facility or unit.
(ii) Fuel usage and heat content, which are to be monitored, and reported as directed by WAC 173-407-230.)) The usage and heat content of fuels and fuel feed stocks that provide energy input to the baseload electric generation facility or unit. The facility must monitor and report these data as directed by WAC 173-407-160.
(b) Electrical output in MWh as measured and recorded per WAC ((173-407-230)) 173-407-160.
(c) Regulated ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions in pounds/MMBtu from the baseload electric generation facility or unit as monitored, reported and calculated in WAC ((173-407-230)) 173-407-160.
(d) Adjustment((s)) for use of renewable resources. If the owner or operator of a baseload electric generation facility or unit adjusts its ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions to account for the use of renewable resources, ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions are reduced based on the ratio of the annual heat input from ((all fuels and fuel feed stocks)) renewable resources and the annual heat input from ((use of nonrenewable)) all fuels and fuel feed stocks. ((Such)) The facility owner or operator must base this adjustment ((will be based)) on records of fuel usage and representative heat contents approved by ecology.
(2) By January 31st of each year, the owner or operator of ((each)) a baseload electric generation facility or unit subject to the ((monitoring and)) compliance demonstration requirements of Part II and Part III of this rule ((will)) must:
(a) Use the data collected under subsection (1) of this section to calculate the pounds of regulated ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions emitted per MWh of electricity produced during the prior calendar year by dividing the total regulated ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions in pounds by the total ((MWh)) electricity produced in MWh in that year; and
WAC 173-407-150 Calculating greenhouse ((gases)) gas emissions and determining compliance for a baseload electric cogeneration ((facilities)) facility or unit under Part II.
(1) ((To use this section for determining compliance with the greenhouse gases emissions performance standard,)) This section applies to a facility ((must have)) or unit certified to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (((FERC))) under the provisions of 18 C.F.R. Part 292, Subpart B as a qualifying cogeneration facility (in effect on the date in WAC 173-407-006).
(2) The owner or operator of a baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit that must demonstrate compliance with the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS in WAC 173-407-130(((1) shall)) must collect the following data:
(i) All fuels and fuel feed stocks used to provide energy input to the baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit.
(ii) Fuel and fuel feed stocks usage and heat content, which are to be monitored, and reported as directed by WAC 173-407-230.)) The usage and heat content of fuels and fuel feed stocks that provide energy input to the baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit. The facility or unit owner or operator must monitor and report these data as directed by WAC 173-407-160.
(c) All useful thermal energy and useful energy used for nonelectrical generation uses in MMBtu must be converted to units of ((megawatts energy equivalent (MWeq))) MWheq by using the conversion factor of 3.413 million British thermal units per megawatt hour (MMBtu/MWh).
(d) Regulated ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions in pounds/MMBtu from ((the)) a baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit as monitored, reported and calculated in WAC ((173-407-230)) 173-407-160.
(e) Adjustments for use of renewable resources. If the owner or operator of a baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit adjusts its ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions to account for the use of renewable resources, the ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions are reduced based on the ratio of the annual heat input from ((all fuels and fuel feed stocks)) renewable resources and the annual heat input from use of ((nonrenewable)) all fuels and fuel feed stocks. ((Such)) The owner or operator must base this adjustment ((will be based)) on records of fuel usage and representative heat contents approved by ecology.
(3) Bottoming-cycle cogeneration facilities. Ecology and the facility must jointly develop the formula to determine compliance of a bottoming-cycle cogeneration facility or unit with the ((emissions performance standard will be jointly developed by ecology and the facility)) GHG EPS. To the extent possible, ecology and the facility must base the facility-specific formula ((must be based)) on the one for topping-cycle facilities identifying the amount of energy converted to electricity, thermal losses, and energy from the original fuel(s) used to provide useful thermal energy in the industrial process. Ecology and the facility must ensure that the formula ((should be)) is specific to the ((installed)) equipment installed, ((other)) thermal energy uses ((in the facility)), and specific operating conditions of the facility.
(4) Topping-cycle cogeneration facilities. To demonstrate compliance with the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS, a topping-cycle facility or unit must:
(c) Determine the annual regulated ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions produced in pounds.
(5) By January 31st of each year, the owner or operator of ((each)) a baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit subject to the ((monitoring and)) compliance demonstration requirements of Part II and Part III of this rule ((will)) must:
(a) Calculate the pounds of regulated ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions emitted per MWh of electricity produced during the prior calendar year by dividing the ((regulated greenhouse gases)) total regulated GHG emissions in pounds by the sum of the electricity produced in MWh and thermal energy output in MWheq ((produced)) in that year; and
WAC 173-407-200 Requirements for and timing of sequestration plan or sequestration program submittals under Part II.
(1) The owner or operator of a facility or unit that does not meet the applicable EPS in WAC 173-407-130 must submit a sequestration plan ((for a source that)) to ecology when they propose to begin((s)) sequestration after the start of commercial operation ((shall be submitted when)) and engage in an action listed in (a) through (d) of this subsection:
(a) ((A site certification application is submitted to EFSEC for a new baseload electric generation facility or baseload electric cogeneration facility or new unit at an existing baseload electric generation facility or baseload electric cogeneration facility;
(b) A site certification application is submitted to EFSEC for an upgrade to an existing baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit that has a site certificate and the upgrade is not an exempt upgrade;
(c))) The owner or operator of a new facility or unit submits a notice of construction application ((is submitted to ecology or a local authority for a new baseload electric generation facility or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit at a baseload electric generation facility or baseload electric cogeneration facility)) to the permitting authority;
(((d))) (b) The owner or operator of an existing facility or unit submits a notice of construction application ((is submitted to ecology or a local)) to the permitting authority for an upgrade ((to an existing baseload electric generation facility or unit or an existing baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit)) and the upgrade is not ((an)) exempt ((upgrade));
(((e) A baseload electric generation)) (c) The owner or operator of a facility or unit ((or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit enters)) signs a new long-term financial commitment with an electric utility to provide baseload power and the facility or unit does not comply with the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS in effect at the time the new long-term financial commitment occurs; or
(((f))) (d) A qualifying new ownership interest ((change)) occurs and the facility or unit does not comply with the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS in effect at ((the)) that time ((the change in ownership occurs)).
(2) The owner or operator of a facility or unit that does not meet the applicable GHG EPS in WAC 173-407-130 must submit a sequestration program ((for a source that)) to ecology when they propose to begin((s)) sequestration on or before the start of commercial operation ((is required to be submitted when)) and engage in an action listed in the following subsections:
(a) ((A site certification application is submitted to EFSEC for new baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit;
(c))) The owner or operator of a new facility or unit submits a notice of construction application ((is submitted to ecology or a local authority for a new baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit)) to the permitting authority;
(((d))) (b) The owner or operator of an existing facility or unit submits a notice of construction application ((is submitted to ecology or a local)) to the permitting authority for an upgrade ((to an existing baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit)) and the upgrade is not an exempt upgrade;
(((e) A baseload electric generation)) (c) The owner or operator of a facility or unit ((or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit enters)) signs a new long-term financial commitment with an electric utility to provide baseload power if the facility or unit does not comply with the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS in effect at the time the new long-term financial commitment occurs; or
(((f))) (d) A qualifying new ownership interest ((change)) occurs and the facility or unit does not comply with the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS in effect at ((the time the change in ownership occurs)) that time.
WAC 173-407-210 Types of permanent sequestration under Part II.
((Specific)) (1) Requirements for permanent geologic sequestration of ((greenhouse gases can be found)) GHG are in WAC 173-218-115.
(2) Requirements for ((approval of sequestration plans or sequestration programs for other ())permanent nongeologic(() types of permanent)) sequestration ((containment systems)) of GHG are ((found)) in WAC 173-407-220.
WAC 173-407-220 Requirements for nongeologic permanent sequestration plans and sequestration programs under Part II.
((In order to meet the emissions performance standard, all)) A baseload electric generation ((facilities or individual units)) facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit that ((are)) is subject to ((this rule, and must)) Part II and Part III of this chapter and proposes to use nongeologic sequestration of ((greenhouse gases)) GHG to meet the ((emissions performance standard, will)) GHG EPS must submit a sequestration plan((s)) or sequestration program((s)) for approval to ((EFSEC or)) ecology((, as appropriate)).
(1) A sequestration plan((s)) and sequestration program((s)) for nongeologic sequestration of GHG must include:
(a) Financial requirements. As a condition of plant operation, each owner or operator of a ((baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration)) facility or unit ((utilizing nongeologic sequestration as a method to comply with the emissions performance standard in WAC 173-407-130 is required to)) must provide ((a)) letters of credit sufficient to ensure successful implementation, closure, and post-closure activities identified in the sequestration plan or sequestration program((, including construction and operation of necessary equipment, and any other significant costs)).
(i) The owner or operator of a proposed sequestration project ((shall)) must establish a letter of credit to cover all expenses for construction and operation of necessary equipment, and any other significant costs. The owner or operator must revise the cost estimate for the sequestration project ((shall be revised)) annually to include any changes in the project and ((to include)) cost changes due to inflation.
(ii) Closure and post-closure financial assurances. The owner or operator ((shall)) must establish a closure and a post-closure letter of credit to cover all closure and post-closure expenses, respectively. The owner or operator must designate ecology or EFSEC, as appropriate, as the beneficiary to carry out the closure and post-closure activities. The value of the closure and post-closure accounts ((shall)) must cover all costs of closure and post-closure care identified in the closure and post-closure plan. The owner or operator must revise the closure and post-closure cost estimates ((shall be revised)) annually to include any changes in the sequestration project and ((to include)) cost changes due to inflation. The obligation to maintain the account for closure and post-closure care survives the termination of any permits and the cessation of injection. The requirement to maintain the closure and post-closure accounts is enforceable regardless of whether the requirement is a specific condition of the permit.
(b) The application for approval of a sequestration plan or sequestration program ((shall)) must include ((()), but is not limited to(())), the following:
(i) A current site map showing the boundaries of the permanent sequestration project containment system(s) and all areas where ((greenhouse gases will be stored)) the system(s) will store GHG.
(B) A description of the ((facilities)) facility or unit and place of ((greenhouse gases)) GHG containment ((system)) system(s);
(C) A complete site description ((of the site,)) including, but not limited to, the terrain, the geology, the climate (including rain and snowfall expected), and any land use restrictions that exist at the time of the application or ((will be placed upon)) the applicant will place on the site in the future;
(D) The proposed calculated maximum ((volume of greenhouse gases to be sequestered)) quantity of sequestered GHG and areal extent of the location where the ((greenhouse gases will be stored)) facility will store GHG using a method acceptable to and filed with ecology; and
(E) Evaluation of the quantity of sequestered ((greenhouse gases)) GHG and their physical or chemical forms that may escape from the containment ((system)) system(s) at the proposed project.
(iii) A public safety and emergency response plan for the proposed project. The plan ((shall)) must detail the safety procedures concerning the sequestration project containment system and residential, commercial, and public land use within one mile, or as necessary to identify potential impacts, of the outside boundary of the project area.
(iv) A ((greenhouse gases)) GHG loss detection and monitoring plan for all parts of the sequestration project. The approved ((greenhouse gases)) GHG loss detection and monitoring plan ((shall)) must address identification of potential release to the atmosphere.
(v) A detailed schedule of annual benchmarks for sequestration of ((greenhouse gases)) GHG.
(vii) Any other information that ((the department)) ecology deems necessary to make its determination.
(((vii) A closure and post-closure plan.))
(c) Monitoring plan. In order to monitor the effectiveness of the implementation of the sequestration plan or sequestration program, the owner or operator ((shall)) must submit a detailed monitoring plan that will ensure detection of failure of the GHG sequestration method to place the ((greenhouse gases)) GHG into a sequestered state. The monitoring plan ((will)) must be sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that the sequestration provided by the project meets the definition of permanent sequestration. The monitoring ((shall)) must continue for the longer of twenty years beyond the end of GHG placement of the greenhouse gases into a sequestration containment system, or twenty years beyond the date ((upon which it is)) determined by ecology that all of the ((greenhouse gases)) GHG have achieved a state ((at which)) that they are now stably sequestered in that environment.
(d) If the sequestration plan or sequestration program fails to sequester ((greenhouse gases)) GHG as provided in the plan or program, the owner or operator of the baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit is no longer in compliance with the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS.
(a) Public notice. Ecology will make a public notice ((shall be made)) only after the owner or operator of the facility submits all information required by ((the permitting authority has been submitted and after)) ecology and ecology makes all applicable preliminary determinations((, if any, have been made)). The ((applicant or other initiator of the action)) owner or operator of the facility or unit must pay the cost of providing public notice. Public notice ((shall)) must include analyses of the effects on the local, state and global environment in the case of failure of the sequestration plan or sequestration program. The owner or operator of the facility must make the sequestration plan or sequestration program ((must be)) available for public inspection in at least one location near the proposed project.
(i) The public comment period must be ((at least)) thirty days ((long)) or ((may be)) longer as specified in the public notice.
(iii) Ecology ((shall)) must make no final decision on any sequestration plan or sequestration program until the public comment period has ended and ((any)) ecology has considered all comments received during the public comment period ((have been considered)).
(c) Public ((hearings)) hearing(s).
(i) Ecology ((will)) must hold a public hearing within the ((thirty-day)) public comment period. Ecology will determine the location, date, and time of the public hearing.
(ii) Ecology must provide at least thirty days prior notice of ((a)) the hearing on a sequestration plan or sequestration program.
WAC 173-407-230 Emissions and electrical production monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements under Part II.
(1) Monitoring and recordkeeping requirements. ((For all)) A baseload electric generation ((facilities)) facility or unit((s)) and baseload electric cogeneration ((facilities or units subject to WAC 173-407-120,)) facility or unit required to meet GHG EPS in WAC 173-407-130 must monitor and report the following parameters ((shall be monitored and reported)) as explained below:
(a) Electrical output in MWh: Electrical output as measured at the point of connection with the local electrical distribution network or transmission line, as appropriate. ((Measurement will be)) The facility will measure on an hourly or daily basis and ((recorded)) the measurements in a form suitable for ((use in calculating)) calculations to determine compliance with ((the greenhouse gases emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS;
(b) Useful thermal energy output in MWHeq: Quantity of energy supplied to nonelectrical production ((uses)) determined by monitoring both the energy supplied and the unused energy returned by the thermal energy user or uses. The facility can accomplish required monitoring ((can be accomplished)) through:
(iii) ((Measurements will be)) Each facility will measure on an hourly or daily basis and ((recorded)) record the measurements in a form suitable for ((use in calculating)) calculations to determine compliance with the ((greenhouse gases emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS.
(c) Regulated ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions.
(i) The regulated ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions are the emissions of regulated ((greenhouse gases)) GHG from the main plant exhaust stack and any bypass stacks or flares. ((For baseload electric generation facilities or units and baseload electric cogeneration facilities or units utilizing)) A facility or unit using CO2 controls and sequestration to comply with the ((greenhouse gases emissions performance standard,)) GHG EPS must include direct and fugitive CO2 emissions from the CO2 separation and compression process ((are included)).
(ii) Carbon dioxide (((CO2))).
(A) ((For baseload electric generation facilities or units and baseload electric cogeneration facilities or units)) A facility or unit subject to WAC ((173-407-120, producing)) 173-407-130, with a net output rating of 25 MW or more of electricity, must monitor CO2 emissions ((will be monitored)) by a continuous emission monitoring system meeting the requirements of 40 C.F.R. ((Sections)) 75.10 and 75.13 and 40 C.F.R. Part 75, Appendix F((.)), except under (c)(i)(A)(I) and (II) of this subsection (federal rules in effect on the date in WAC 173-407-006):
(I) If allowed by the requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 72, a facility may estimate CO2 emissions through fuel carbon content monitoring and methods meeting the requirements of 40 C.F.R. ((Sections)) 75.10 and 75.13 and 40 C.F.R. Part 75, Appendix G (federal rules in effect on the date in WAC 173-407-006).
(B) ((For baseload electric generation facilities or units and baseload electric cogeneration facilities or units)) A facility or unit subject to WAC ((173-407-120 producing)) 173-407-130, with a net output of less than 25 MW of electricity, ((the owner or operator may either utilize a)) must use one of the following three methods:
(I) Continuous emission monitoring system meeting the requirements of 40 C.F.R. ((Sections)) 75.10 and 75.13 and 40 C.F.R. Part 75, Appendix F((, or use)) (federal rules in effect on the date in WAC 173-407-006);
(II) Fuel carbon content monitoring and methods meeting the requirements of 40 C.F.R. ((Sections)) 75.10 and 75.13 and 40 C.F.R. Part 75, Appendix G (federal rules in effect on the date in WAC 173-407-006); or
(C) When the monitoring data from a continuous emission monitoring system does not meet the completeness requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 75, Subpart D, the ((baseload electric generation)) facility ((operator)) owner or operator ((will)) must substitute data according to the process in 40 C.F.R. Part 75, Appendix C (in effect on the date in WAC 173-407-006).
(D) A facility or unit must install continuous emission monitors for CO2 ((will be installed)) under (c)(ii) of this subsection at a location meeting the requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 75, Appendix A. The CO2 and flow monitoring equipment must meet the quality control and quality assurance requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 75, Appendix B (in effect on the date in WAC 173-407-006).
(A) ((For baseload electric generation facilities or units or baseload electric cogeneration facilities or units subject to)) A facility or unit that triggers the applicability in WAC 173-407-120 ((producing)) prior to March 24, 2018, and produces 25 MW or more of electricity((,)) must determine the N2O emissions ((shall be determined)) as follows:
(I) For the first year of operation, facility owner or operator will estimate N2O emissions ((are estimated by use of emission factors as published by the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal Department of Energy's Energy Information Agency,)) using the emission factors from 40 C.F.R. Part 98, Table C-2 or other authoritative source as approved by ecology ((for use by the facility)).
(II) For succeeding years, facility operator or owner will estimate N2O emissions ((will be estimated through use of)) using generating unit specific emission factors derived ((through use of)) from emissions testing using ecology or ((Environmental Protection Agency)) EPA approved methods. Facility owner or operator must derive the emission factor ((shall be derived)) through testing N2O emissions from the stack at varying loads and through at least four separate test periods spaced evenly throughout the first year of commercial operation.
(B) ((For baseload electric generation facilities or units or baseload electric cogeneration facilities or units subject to)) A facility or unit that triggers the applicability in WAC 173-407-120 ((producing)) prior to March 24, 2018, and produces less than 25 MW of electricity((,)) will estimate the annual N2O emissions ((will be estimated by use of emission factors as published by the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal Department of Energy's Energy Information Agency,)) by the emission factors from 40 C.F.R. Part 98, Table C-2 or other authoritative source as approved by ecology ((for use by the facility)).
(A) ((For baseload electric generation facilities or units or baseload electric cogeneration facilities or units subject to)) A facility or unit that triggers the applicability in WAC 173-407-120 ((producing)) prior to March 24, 2018, and produces 25 MW or more of electricity((,)) must determine the CH4 emissions ((shall be determined)) as follows:
(I) For the first year of operation, the facility owner or operator will estimate CH4 emissions ((are estimated by use of emission factors as published by the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal Department of Energy's Energy Information Agency,)) using the emission factors from 40 C.F.R. Part 98, Table C-2 or other authoritative source as approved by ecology ((for use by the facility)).
(II) For succeeding years, the facility owner or operator will estimate CH4 emissions ((will be estimated through use of plant)) using generating unit specific emission factors derived ((through use of)) from emissions testing using ecology or ((Environmental Protection Agency)) EPA approved methods. The facility owner or operator must derive the emission factor ((shall be derived)) through testing CH4 emissions from the stack at varying loads and through at least four separate test periods spaced evenly through the first year of commercial operation.
(B) ((For baseload electric generation facilities or units or baseload electric cogeneration facilities or units subject to)) A facility or unit that triggers the applicability in WAC 173-407-120 ((producing)) prior to March 24, 2018, and produces less than 25 MW of electricity((.)) will estimate the annual CH4 emissions ((will be estimated by use of emission factors as published by the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal Department of Energy's Energy Information Agency,)) by the emission factors from 40 C.F.R. Part 98, Table C-2 or other authoritative source as approved by ecology ((for use by the facility)).
(i) Facility owner and operator must monitor fossil fuel usage ((will be monitored)) by measuring continuous fuel volume or weight as appropriate for the fuel used. ((Measurement will be)) Facility owner and operator must measure on an hourly or daily basis and ((recorded)) record the measurements in a form suitable for use in calculating ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions.
(ii) Facility owner or operator must monitor renewable ((energy)) fuel usage ((will be monitored)) by measuring continuous fuel volume or weight as appropriate for the fuel used. ((Measurement will be)) Facility owner or operator must measure on an hourly or daily basis and ((recorded)) record the measurements in a form suitable for use in calculating ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions.
(v) Facility owner or operator must test heat content of fossil fuels ((shall be tested)) at least once per calendar year. The owner or operator of the ((baseload electric generation)) facility or unit ((shall)) must submit a proposed fuel content monitoring program to ecology for ((ecology)) approval. Upon request and submission of appropriate documentation of fuel heat content variability, ecology may allow a source to:
(B) ((Utilize representative heat content for the renewable energy source instead of the periodic monitoring of heat content required above.
(iv))) Use the representative heat content for the fuel instead of the periodic monitoring of heat content.
(vi) Facility owner or operator must test renewable ((energy)) fuel heat content ((will be tested)) monthly or with a different frequency approved by ecology. ((A)) The facility owner or operator must base the different frequency ((will be based)) on the variability of the heat content of the renewable ((energy)) fuel.
(A) If ((the baseload electric generation facilities or units or baseload electric cogeneration facilities or units subject to WAC 173-407-120)) a facility or unit using a mixture of renewable and fossil fuels ((do)) does not adjust their ((greenhouse gases)) GHG emissions by accounting for the heat input from renewable ((energy)) fuels, ecology does not require monitoring of the heat content of the renewable ((energy)) fuels ((is not required)).
(B) Upon request and with appropriate documentation, ecology may allow a source to ((utilize)) use representative heat content for the renewable ((energy source)) fuel instead of the periodic monitoring of heat content required above.
(2) Reporting requirements. Facility owner or operator must report the results of the monitoring required by this section ((shall be reported)) to ecology and the permitting authority annually.
(a) ((Facilities)) Facility or unit((s)) subject to the reporting requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 75. Facility owner or operator must report annual emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 ((will be reported)) that occurred in the previous calendar year and supporting information to ecology and the ((air quality permitting authority with jurisdiction over the facility)) permitting authority by January 31st of each calendar year ((for emissions that occurred in the previous calendar year)). The ((report may be)) facility owner or operator may submit the report as an Excel™ or CSV format copy of the report submitted to EPA per 40 C.F.R. Part 75 with ((the)) N2O and CH4 emissions ((for N2O and CH4)) appended to the report.
(b) ((For facilities)) Facility or unit((s)) not subject to the reporting requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 75((,)). Facility owners or operators must report annual emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 that occurred in the previous calendar year and supporting information ((will be reported)) to ecology and the ((air quality permitting authority with jurisdiction over the facility)) permitting authority by January 31st of each calendar year ((for emissions that occurred in the previous calendar year)).
WAC 173-407-240 Enforcement of the emissions performance standard under Part II.
(1) ((Any power plant)) A baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration facility or unit subject to WAC ((173-407-120 that does not)) 173-407-130 that fails to meet the ((emissions performance standard on schedule shall)) applicable GHG EPS or any implementation schedules and requirements in a sequestration plan or program may be subject to enforcement ((under)) using the enforcement criteria and procedures specified in chapter 70.94 RCW.
(a) Financial penalties, which ((shall)) may be assessed after ((any year of)) a failure to meet a sequestration benchmark ((established)) in the sequestration plan or sequestration program. Each pound of ((greenhouse gases)) GHG above the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS will constitute a separate violation, as averaged on an annual basis;
(2) If a new, modified or upgraded ((baseload electric generation facility or unit or baseload electric cogeneration)) facility or unit fails to meet a sequestration plan or sequestration program benchmark on schedule, a revised sequestration plan or sequestration program ((will be required to)) must be submitted no later than one hundred fifty calendar days after the due date established under subsection (3)(c) of this section for reporting the failure. The revised sequestration plan or sequestration program ((is to)) must be submitted to ecology ((or EFSEC, as appropriate,)) for approval.
(a) The owner or operator of a facility or unit operated under an approved sequestration plan or sequestration program shall have the burden of proving to ecology((, EFSEC, or the decision-making authority)) in an enforcement action that failure to meet a sequestration benchmark was unavoidable. This demonstration ((shall)) must be a condition to ((obtaining)) obtain relief under (d), (e), and (f) of this subsection.
(b) Failure to meet a sequestration benchmark determined to be unavoidable under the procedures and criteria in this section ((shall)) must be excused and not subject to financial penalty.
(c) Failure to meet a sequestration benchmark ((shall)) must be reported as part of the routine sequestration monitoring reports or by January 31st of the year following the calendar year during which the event occurred ((or as part of the routine sequestration monitoring reports)). Upon request by ecology, the ((owner(s) or operator(s))) owner or operator of the sequestration project ((source(s) shall)) must submit a full written report including the known causes, the corrective actions taken, and the preventive measures to be taken to minimize or eliminate the chance of recurrence.
(d) Failure to meet a sequestration benchmark due to startup or shutdown conditions ((shall)) must be considered unavoidable provided the source reports as required under (c) of this subsection((, and)). The owner or operator of the sequestration project must adequately demonstrate((s)) that the failure to meet a sequestration benchmark could not ((have been)) be prevented through careful planning and design and if a bypass of equipment occurs, ((that such)) and the bypass is necessary to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage.
(e) ((Maintenance.)) Failure to meet a sequestration benchmark due to scheduled maintenance ((shall)) must be considered unavoidable if the source reports as required under (c) of this subsection, and adequately demonstrates that the excess emissions could not ((have been)) be avoided through reasonable design, better scheduling for maintenance or through better operation and maintenance practices.
(f) Failure to meet a sequestration benchmark due to upsets ((shall)) must be considered unavoidable provided the source reports as required under (c) of this subsection, and adequately demonstrates that:
(ii) The event was not of a recurring pattern ((indicative of)) that indicated inadequate design, operation, or maintenance; and
(4) Enforcement for permit violations. (((a))) Enforcement of ((an ecology or local air agency permitting authority notice of construction will take place under the authority)) a violation of an order of approval must follow the requirements of chapter 70.94 RCW, as implemented by the permitting authority. Enforcement of an ecology approved sequestration plan or sequestration program ((will)) must be in accordance with this section.
(((b) Enforcement of any part of an EFSEC site certification agreement will proceed in accordance with RCW 80.50.150.))
LONG-TERM FINANCIAL COMMITMENTS; ((RELATIONSHIP OF ECOLOGY AND THE WUTC; AND RELATIONSHIP OF ECOLOGY AND THE GOVERNING BOARDS OF)) ECOLOGY'S CONSULTATION WITH UTC AND CONSUMER-OWNED UTILITIES ((UNDER CHAPTER 80.80 RCW))
WAC 173-407-300 Procedures for determining compliance with the emissions performance standard of a long-term financial commitment ((and addressing electricity from unspecified sources and specified sources)) under Part II.
(((1) The following procedures are adopted by the department to be utilized by the department under RCW 80.80.060 and to be available to and utilized by the governing boards of consumer-owned utilities pursuant to RCW 80.80.070 when evaluating a potential long-term financial commitment when the long-term financial commitment includes electricity from unspecified sources, electricity from one or more specified sources, and/or provisions to meet load growth with electricity from unspecified and/or specified sources.
(2) For each year of a long-term financial commitment for electric power, the regulated greenhouse gases emissions from specified and unspecified sources of power are not to exceed the emissions performance standard in WAC 173-407-130(1), in effect on the date the long-term contract is executed. The emissions performance standard for a long-term financial commitment for electricity that includes electricity from specified and unspecified sources is calculated using a time-weighted average of all sources of generation and emissions in the years in which they are contributing electricity and emissions in the commitment. Each source's proportional contribution to emissions per each MWh delivered under the contract is added together and summed for each year and divided by the number of years in the term of the commitment.
(3) An extension of an existing long-term financial commitment is treated as a new commitment, not an extension of an existing commitment.
(4) Annual and lifetime calculations of greenhouse gases emissions.
(a) The annual average emissions shall be calculated, for every year of the contract, using the formula in subsection (5) of this section. The calculation of the pounds of greenhouse gases per megawatt-hour is based upon the delivered electricity, including the portion from specified and unspecified sources, of the total portfolio for the year for which the calculation is being made.
(b) The average greenhouse gases emissions per MWh of the power supply portfolio over the life of the long-term financial commitment is compared to the emissions performance standard. The calculation of the pounds of greenhouse gases per MWh is based on the expected annual delivery contracted or expected to be supplied by each specified and unspecified source's portion of the total portfolio of electricity to be provided under the contract for the year for which the calculation is being made.
(c) Default values adopted in this procedure shall be used for each source unless actual emissions are known or specified by the manufacturer. A default greenhouse gases emissions value of an average pulverized coal plant per WAC 173-407-300 (5)(b) shall be used for unspecified sources in the procedure.
(5) The annual average calculation shall be performed using the regulated greenhouse gases emissions factors as follows:
(a) For a specified source, utilize the manufacturer's emissions specification or the measured emission rate for a specified generator. When there is no available information on greenhouse gases emissions from a specified source, utilize the following:
(i) Combined cycle combustion turbines that begin operation after July 1, 2008 = 1,100 lbs/MWh or as updated by rule in 2012 and every five years thereafter.
(ii) Steam turbines using pulverized coal = 2,600 lbs/MWh minus the amount of greenhouse gases permanently sequestered by the facility on an annual basis divided by the MWhs generated that year.
(iii) Integrated gasification combined cycle turbines = 1,800 lbs/MWh minus the amount of greenhouse gases permanently sequestered by the facility on an annual basis divided by the MWhs generated that year.
(iv) Simple cycle combustion turbines = 1,800 lbs/MWh minus the amount of greenhouse gases permanently sequestered by the facility on an annual basis divided by the MWhs generated that year.
(v) Combined cycle combustion turbines that begin operation before July 1, 2008 = 1,100 lbs/MWh.
(b) Electricity from unspecified sources = 2,600 lbs/MWh.
(c) Renewable resources = 0 lbs/MWh.
(F1 x MWh1)
(F2 x MWh2)
(F3MWh3)
(Fn x MWhn)
Average emissions in lb/MWh
Regulated greenhouse gases emissions factor in lb/MWh
Total MWh purchased or generated by the utility's own generation capacity during the year
Total MWh from all source types for that year))
WAC 173-407-310 ((Relationship of ecology and Washington utilities and transportation commission)) Ecology's consultation with UTC under Part II.
(1) ((The Washington utilities and transportation commission (commission) shall consult with ecology to apply the procedures adopted by the department to verify the emissions of greenhouse gases from baseload electric generation under RCW 80.80.040.)) On request for assistance from the UTC, ecology ((shall)) must report to ((the commission)) UTC whether baseload electric generation will comply with the ((greenhouse gases emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS for ((the duration of)) the period that the investor-owned utility contracts for the baseload electric generation ((is supplied to the electrical company. (RCW 80.80.060(7).))).
(2) Ecology's consultation with ((the commission)) UTC includes:
(a) ((In assisting the commission to apply the emissions verification procedures adopted, ecology will compare the commission's procedures to the ecology procedures found in WAC 173-407-130, 173-407-140, and 173-407-230.)) Assist UTC to apply the conditions in WAC 173-407-300, 480-100-405, and 480-100-415.
(b) ((In consulting with the commission to)) Determine if a long-term financial commitment for baseload electric generation meets the ((greenhouse gases emissions performance standard, ecology shall consider whether the commitment meets WAC 173-407-300)) GHG EPS based on the conditions in WAC 173-407-300, 173-407-140, 173-407-150, and 173-407-160.
(3) ((When conducting the consultation and reporting processes, ecology will conclude this process of consultation and assistance)) Ecology will provide a report within thirty days of receiving all necessary information ((from the commission to determine compliance)), unless UTC grants additional time.
WAC 173-407-320 ((Relationship of ecology and the governing boards of)) Ecology's consultation with consumer-owned utilities under Part II.
(1) ((RCW 80.80.070(2) requires)) The governing boards of consumer-owned utilities ((to "review and make a determination on any long-term financial commitment by the utility, pursuant to this chapter and after consultation with the department,)) may consult with ecology to determine whether the baseload electric generation ((to be)) supplied under ((that)) a long-term financial commitment complies with the ((greenhouse gases emissions performance standard established under RCW 80.80.040." During this consultation process, ecology shall assist the governing boards with the utilization of the method in WAC 173-407-300 to determine whether the long-term financial commitment for baseload electric generation meets the emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS in WAC 173-407-130 in effect at the time the long-term financial commitment is signed.
(2) Ecology's assistance will be limited to ((that assistance necessary)) providing technical support for the board to interpret, clarify or otherwise determine that the proposed long-term financial commitment for baseload electric generation will comply with the ((emissions performance standard)) GHG EPS.
(((2) RCW 80.80.070(5) also requires)) (3) The governing board((s)) of consumer-owned utilities ((to ")) must apply the ((procedures adopted by the department)) conditions in WAC 173-407-300, 173-407-140, 173-407-150, and 173-407-160 to verify the emissions of ((greenhouse gases)) GHG from baseload electric generation ((under RCW 80.80.040," and allow them to ")).
(4) The governing board may request assistance from ((the department in doing so." The procedures adopted by the department to be utilized by the governing boards are found in WAC 173-407-300. Ecology shall provide consultation or further assistance to the governing boards of a consumer-owned utility to apply such procedures if the governing board makes such a request.
(3))) ecology in performing the analyses in subsection (3) of this section.
(5) Ecology will ((conclude this process of consultation and assistance)) provide technical support within thirty days of receiving all necessary information unless the governing board ((requesting the assistance)) grants additional time.
173-407-230
173-407-160