Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4608104B2/en
Timestamp: 2020-08-13 01:02:03
Document Index: 94928218

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'art 400', 'art 500', 'art 600', 'art 700']

JP4608104B2 - Multi-carrier modulation system and method for seamless rate adaptation - Google Patents
Multi-carrier modulation system and method for seamless rate adaptation Download PDF
JP4608104B2
JP4608104B2 JP2000604585A JP2000604585A JP4608104B2 JP 4608104 B2 JP4608104 B2 JP 4608104B2 JP 2000604585 A JP2000604585 A JP 2000604585A JP 2000604585 A JP2000604585 A JP 2000604585A JP 4608104 B2 JP4608104 B2 JP 4608104B2
JP2000604585A
JP2003522436A (en
マルコス・シー．・ザ−ネス
ダフィモ カンパニー，ビー．ヴィー． エルエルシーＤａｐｈｉｍｏ Ｃｏ． Ｂ．Ｖ．， ＬＬＣ．
1999-03-12 Priority to US60/124,222 priority
2000-03-10 Priority to PCT/US2000/006392 priority patent/WO2000054473A1/en
2000-03-10 Application filed by ダフィモ カンパニー，ビー．ヴィー． エルエルシーＤａｐｈｉｍｏ Ｃｏ． Ｂ．Ｖ．， ＬＬＣ． filed Critical ダフィモ カンパニー，ビー．ヴィー． エルエルシーＤａｐｈｉｍｏ Ｃｏ． Ｂ．Ｖ．， ＬＬＣ．
2003-07-22 Publication of JP2003522436A publication Critical patent/JP2003522436A/en
2011-01-05 Publication of JP4608104B2 publication Critical patent/JP4608104B2/en
2013-02-08 First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=27383069&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=JP4608104(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
239000000969 carriers Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
230000000051 modifying Effects 0.000 title description 56
230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 121
[Display related applications]
This specification is a co-pending provisional application and is consistently compatible with US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 124,222, filed March 12, 1999, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. (SRA) ADSL System ", US Provisional Patent Application No. 60/161/115 filed Oct. 22, 1999, title of invention" Multi-Carrier System with Application History Stored ", and Jan. 19, 2000 Claims priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 171,081, entitled “Ratelessly Adapting Rates (SRA) Multicarrier Modulation Systems and Protocols”.
The present invention relates to a communication system and method using multicarrier modulation, and more particularly, to a communication multicarrier system and method using rate adaptive multicarrier modulation.
Multi-carrier modulation (or discrete multi-tone modulation) is a communication method that is widely used for communication via a medium that is difficult to communicate. Multi-carrier modulation divides a communication frequency band into a plurality of subchannels (carriers) in which each carrier independently modulates a bit or a set of bits. The transmitter modulates an input data sequence including information bits with one or more carriers, and transmits the modulated information. The receiver demodulates all carriers to recover the transmitted information bits as an output data stream.
Multi-carrier modulation has many advantages over a single carrier. These benefits include, for example, high immunity to impulse noise, no complexity in the presence of multipath, high immunity to narrowband interference, and high data rate and bandwidth flexibility. . Multi-carrier modulation is used in many applications not only for these benefits, but also for other reasons. Such applications also include asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) systems, wireless LAN systems, power line communications systems, and other applications. ITU standard G992.2 and ANSI standard T1.413 specify standard implementation requirements for ADSL transceivers using multi-carrier modulation.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an ADSL DMT transmitter 100 conforming to a conventionally known standard. FIG. 1 shows three layers: modulation layer 110, framer / FEC layer 120, and ATM TC layer 140, described below.
The modulation layer 110 provides functions related to DMT modulation. DMT modulation is performed using an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) 112. The IDFT 112 modulates the bits from the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) encoder 114 and sends them out to the multicarrier subchannel. ADSL multicarrier transceivers modulate a number of bits on each subchannel, the number of bits depending on the signal-to-noise ratio of that subchannel and the bit error (BER) requirements of the link. For example, the requested BER is 1X10 -7 (That is, on average only 1 / 10,000,000 errors are detected), and if the signal-to-noise ratio of a particular subchannel is 21.5 dB, that subchannel can perform 4-bit modulation, 21.5 dB is 1 × 10 4QAM bits -7 This is because the signal-to-noise ratio is necessary for transmission in the BER state. Other subchannels may have different signal-to-noise ratios, so different numbers of bits are assigned to them with the same BER. The ITU and ANSI ADSL standards allow modulation up to 15 bits on a single carrier.
A table that defines how many bits are allocated to each subchannel for modulation in one DMT symbol is called a bit allocation table (BAT). The DMT symbol is a collection of analog sample signals generated on the output side of the IDFT by modulating the carrier with bits based on the BAT. The BAT is a main parameter used also in the modulation layer 110 of FIG. The BAT is used for encoding and modulation by the QAM 114 and IDFT 112 blocks. Table 1 shows an example of a BAT for a DMT system having 16 subchannels.
In the ADSL system, the DMT symbol rate is about 4 kHz. This means that a DMT symbol that modulates a new set of bits using the modulation BAT is transmitted every 250 microseconds. If Table 1 BAT, which specifies that 80 bits are modulated in one DMT symbol, is used at a DMT symbol rate of 4 kHz, the system bit rate is 320 kilobytes per second (kbps) resulting in 4000 × 80. Become. The BAT determines the data rate of the system, which depends on the transmission channel characteristics, ie the signal-to-noise ratio of each subchannel of the multicarrier system. If the channel is low noise (high SNR for each subchannel)
Since many bits are modulated on each DMT carrier, the bit rate is high. If the channel conditions are not good, the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the number of bits modulated on each DMT carrier is reduced, resulting in a lower system bit rate. As seen in Table 1, the modulation bit is zero for some subchannels. One example is a case where a narrowband interference signal (such as an AM broadcast radio wave) exists in the frequency of the subchannel, and the information bit cannot be transmitted because the SN ratio is too low in the subchannel.
The ATM TC layer 140 includes an Asynchronoous Transfer Mode Transmission Convergence (ATM TC) block 142 that converts the bits and bytes in the cell into frames.
The next layer of the ADSL system is a frame / FEC layer 120 that is functionally related to the step of preparing the bitstream for modulation shown in FIG. This layer includes an interleaving (INT) block 122, a forward error correction (FEC) block 124, a scrambler (SCR) block 126, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block 128, and an ADSL framer block 130. By performing interleaving and FEC coding, resistance to impulse noise is increased, and a coding gain can be obtained. The FEC 124 in a standard ADSL system is a Reed-Solomon (RS) code. Scrambler 126 is used to randomize the data bits. CRC 128 is used to provide error detection at the receiver. ADSL framer 130 frames the bits received from ATM framer 142. ADSL framer 130 also inserts and extracts overhead bits from module 132 for modem-to-modem overhead communication channels (known as EOC and AOC channels in the ASDSL standard).
The main parameters in the frame / FEC layer 120 include the size of the RS codeword, the size (depth) of the interleaver (measured by the number of RS codewords), and the size of the ADSL frame. As an example, the typical size of the RS code word is 216 bytes, the typical size (depth) of the interleaver is 64 code words, and the typical size of the ADSL frame is 200 bytes. . The interleaving depth may be 1, which is the same as no interleaving. As described above, in order to restore a digital signal originally prepared for communication using a transmitter, a deinterleaver that performs the reverse operation of the interleaver is used, and parameters having the same depth are set. Need to deinterleave the codewords. In the current ADSL standard, there is a fixed relationship between all parameters of the DMT system. In particular, the size of BAT, N BAT (The total number of bits in the symbol in DMT) is determined by dividing the RS codeword size by an integer, N FEC Becomes as shown in equation (1):
N FEC = SxN BAT Where S is a positive integer and is greater than zero.
Such a restriction can also be expressed as one RS codeword containing an integer value of a DMT symbol. The RS code word includes a data byte and a parity (check byte). The check byte is an overhead byte added by the RS encoder and is used by the RS decoder for bit error detection and correction. There are R check bytes in the RS codeword. Usually, the number of chuck bytes only accounts for a small percentage of the total codeword size, for example 8%. Most channel coding methods are characterized by their coding gain, defined as the improvement in system performance (denoted in dB) given by the code, compared to an uncoded system. The coding gain of the RS code word is determined by the number of check bytes and the size of the RS code word. A large R-S codeword with 16 check bytes (8% of 200 bytes) (greater than 200 bytes in a DMT ADSL system) yields 4 dB close to the maximum coding gain. If the codeword size is small and / or the percentage of check byte overhead is large (eg, over 30%), the coding gain will be very small or negative. Typically, ADSL systems are best to run RS codewords as large as possible (maximum possible value is 255 bytes) and operate at about 8% redundancy.
N which is an ADSL frame FRAME And N is the size of the RS codeword FEC Is the specific relationship shown in equation (2):
N FEC = SXN FRAME Where R is the number of check bytes in the codeword and S is a positive integer the same as in equation (1).
It is clear that equation (3) is derived by equating the right side of equations (1) and (2) with equals;
N BAT = N FRAME + R / S.
The ADSL standard requires an integer value rate (R / S), ie DMT-symbol (N BAT ) Request an integer R-S check byte. As described above, the ADSL frame includes overhead bytes (not as part of the payload) used for communication between modems. Since the bytes in the ADSL frame used for the overhead channel cannot be used for actual communication by the user, the user data rate is reduced accordingly. The content of the information and the format of these channels are described in the ITU and ANSI standards. Several framing modes are defined in the ADSL standard. Depending on the framing mode, the overhead bytes in one ADSL frame may be more or less. For example, standard framing mode 3 has one overhead for each ADSL frame.
Equations (1), (2), and (3) show that the following conditions are required due to parameter restrictions imposed by the standard.
1. Every DMT symbol has a fixed number of overhead framing bytes added in the ADSL framer. For example, in framing mode # 3, there is one overhead framing byte for each DMT symbol.
2. There is at least one R-S check byte for each DMT symbol.
3. ITU standard G. 992.2 (8) and ITU standard G.264. 992.2 and T1413 (16), the maximum number of check bytes is the maximum value of the codeword size. 8xN for 992.2 BAT G. 16xN for 992.1 BAT Limited to
4). The ADSL modem uses the RS codeword (N FEC ) And ADSL frames (N FRAME ) Without changing the number of bytes appropriately. BAT ) Cannot change the number of bits.
Due to the above four limitations, existing ADSLs are limited in performance.
In particular, according to condition # 1, each DMT symbol has a fixed number of overhead framing bytes. Such a condition is problematic when the data rate is low and overhead framing bytes occupy a large percentage of the available throughput, resulting in a small payload. For example, if the data rate obtained by the line is 6.144 Mbps, this is approximately 192 bytes per symbol (192 × 8 × 4000 = 614400 bps) for DMT symbols. In this case, one overhead framing byte occupies 1/192 or about 0.5% of the available throughput. However, if the data rate is 128 kbps or 4 kbps per symbol, overhead framing bytes will occupy a quarter or 25% of the available throughput. This is clearly undesirable.
Condition # 2 causes the same problem as condition # 1. In this case, the RS check byte is exchanged for the overhead framing byte.
If the data rate is low due to condition # 3, a large codeword configuration cannot be adopted. An RS codeword in ADSL can have a maximum of 255 bits. The code gain is near the maximum 255 bits situational The maximum value is obtained. When the data rate is low, ie, 128 kbps or 4 bytes, the maximum codeword size is G. 8x4 = 32 bytes for G.992.2 systems, G. For 992.1 and T1.413 systems, 16x4 = 64. In this case, the code gain is substantially lower than that where the code word approaches 255 bytes.
Typically, if the data rate is low, for example 128 kbps or 4 bytes per symbol, 1 byte is used for overhead framing and 1 byte is occupied by the RS check byte according to the above conditions. Therefore, 50% of the available throughput is not used for the payload and the size of the RS codeword is up to 64 bytes, which results in almost no code gain.
Condition # 4 affects the modem's ability to adapt its communication parameters online in a dynamic manner.
G. 992.1 and T1.413 specify an online rate adaptation mechanism called Dynamic Rate Adaptation (DRA), but these standards specify that data rate changes are not seamless. Yes. Existing ADSL DMT modems typically use bit swapping and dynamic rate adaptation (DRA) as methods of online adaptation to channel changes. Bit swapping is defined in the ITU and ANSI standards as a way to modify the number of bits assigned to a specific target. Bit swapping is uninterrupted, that is, this method does not interrupt data transmission / reception. But, Some bit swapping The data rate cannot be changed. Bit swapping can only change the number of bits allocated to a carrier while keeping the data rate the same. This means that the total number of bits in the BAT (N BAT ) Is the same as changing the input item of the BAT table without increasing or decreasing.
DRA allows for changing the data rate, but it is not performed continuously. Also, DRA is very slow because it needs to install a modem in the central office (CO) to make a final decision regarding the data rate. This method (CO becomes the master) is common in ADSL modems that are configured to be serviced and managed by a telephone company.
Both bit-swapping and DRA are ANSI T1.413 and G992.1 and G.264. Use a specific protocol to handle the changes specified in 992.2. This protocol processes the parameters using messages sent over an AOC channel that is an embedded channel. This protocol is vulnerable to pulses and high noise levels. If the message breaks, the transmitter and receiver will be in a situation using different parameters (ie, BAT, data rate, RS codeword length, interleaver depth, etc.). If the two communication modems get into a situation that causes a mismatch in the communication parameters, the data will receive an error signal and the modem will eventually end up (such as completely reinitializing, etc.) to return to communication without recovery errors. ) It is required to take drastic measures. If a drastic measure such as complete re-initialization is taken, the service will be interrupted for about 10 seconds, which is the time required for the re-initialization of a standard-compliant ADSL modem.
The transceiver has both a transmitter and a receiver. The receiver has the same blocks as the transmitter shown in FIG. The receiver has a module including a decoder, a deinterleaver and a demodulator. In operation, the receiver receives analog data transmitted from the transmitter, amplifies such signals with an amplifier as necessary, removes noise components, filters the signals for separation, and analog / digital The analog signal is converted to a digital signal using a converter, and the demodulator is used to demodulate the signal to extract the received bit stream from the carrier subchannel, and the de-interleaver is used to demodulate the bit stream. In order to interleave and correct errors, FEC decoding is performed using an FEC decoder, the descrambler is used to unscramble the bitstream, and CRC is also used to detect bit errors in the bitstream. Various semiconductor chip manufacturers supply hardware and software that perform the functions of a transmitter and / or a receiver.
Thus, it is clear that there is a need to improve the DMT communication system. Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved DMT communication system that overcomes the aforementioned problems.
The principles of the present invention provide an ADSL DMT system and method that seamlessly changes the transmission bit rate during operation. The ADSL DMT system and method operates with a protocol that allows the transmission bit rate to be changed continuously during operations initiated by either the transmitter or the receiver. Also, the present ADSL DMT system and method can continuously change the transmission bit rate as the power level changes from full power to low power during operation.
One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for seamlessly changing a transmission bit rate in a multi-carrier communication system. The method includes providing a plurality of codewords having a specific codeword size and including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction. The method also includes providing an interleaving parameter for interleaving the plurality of codewords. The method further includes transmitting a first plurality of codewords at a first transmission bit rate, changing the first transmission bit rate to a second transmission bit rate, and a second plurality of codes. Transmitting a word at a second transmission bit rate, the specific interleave parameter used for the first plurality of codewords, the specific codeword size, and the specific number for forward error correction The parity bit is used for the second multiple codeword in order to change the transmission bit rate without interruption.
In certain embodiments, transmitting at a first transmission bit rate includes assigning a first number of bits to a first DMT symbol as determined by a first bit assignment table. Transmitting at the second transmission bit rate includes allocating a second number of bits to the second DMT symbol as determined by the second bit allocation table. In other embodiments, the average parity bit rate for DMT symbols transmitted at the first and second transmission rates is substantially constant. The parity bit rate is the number of parity bits in a DMT symbol divided by the total number of bits in the bit allocation table used for that DMT symbol.
Another aspect of the invention relates to another method for seamlessly changing a transmission bit rate in a multi-carrier communication system. The method includes providing a plurality of code words having a specific code word size, each code word including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction. The method also includes assigning bits of a first plurality of codewords to a carrier subchannel using a first assignment table for transmitting a codeword at a first transmission bit rate; Transmitting a plurality of codewords at a first transmission bit rate. Further, the method assigns bits of a second multiple codeword to a carrier subchannel using a second assignment table for transmitting a codeword at a second transmission bit rate; and Changing the transmission from the first transmission bit rate to the second transmission bit rate by sending a codeword. The specific codeword size and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction used when transmitting each of the first plurality of codewords change the transmission bit rate seamlessly. Used to transmit each of the multiple codewords.
In another embodiment, the method comprises interleaving the first and second multiple codewords based on specific interleave parameters. The specific interleave parameter used to interleave the first multiple codewords is the same as the specific interleave parameter used to interleave the second multiple codewords. In another embodiment, the method further comprises interleaving the first and second multiple codewords based on specific interleave parameters. The specific interleave parameter used to interleave the first multiple codewords is the same as the specific interleave parameter used to interleave the second multiple codewords. In another embodiment, transmitting at the first transmission bit rate comprises assigning a first number of bits to a first DMT symbol as determined by a first bit assignment table. Transmitting at the second transmission bit rate includes allocating a second number of bits to a second DMT symbol as determined by a second bit allocation table. In another embodiment, the average value of the parity bit rate for DMT symbols transmitted at the first and second transmission rates is substantially constant.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to another method for seamlessly changing a reception bit rate in a multi-carrier communication system. The method includes providing a plurality of codewords each having a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction and having a codeword size. The method also includes receiving a first plurality of codewords from a carrier subchannel at a first reception bit rate, and demodulating the bits of the first plurality of codewords using a first allocation table. Is included. The method further includes changing reception from the first received bit rate to the second received bit rate, receiving a second multiple codeword from the carrier subchannel at a second received bit rate, and And demodulating the bits of the second plurality of codewords using the second allocation table. The specific interleave parameter, the specific codeword size, and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction used in demodulating each of the first plurality of codewords are uninterrupted in reception bit rate. In order to change, it is used when demodulating each of the second plurality of codewords. In some embodiments, the average parity bit rate for DMT symbols received at the first and second receive rates is substantially constant.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to another method for seamlessly changing a transmission bit rate in a multi-carrier system. The method includes providing a plurality of codewords having a specific codeword size and including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction. The method also includes providing specific deinterleave parameters. The method further includes receiving a first plurality of codewords at a first reception bitrate, changing the first reception bitrate to a second reception bitrate, and changing the first plurality of codewords to the first reception. Receiving at two receiving bit rates. The specific interleave parameter, the specific codeword size, and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction used for the first plurality of codewords change the reception bit rate seamlessly. Used for multiple codewords.
In an embodiment, receiving at the first reception bit rate includes demodulating a first number of bits of a first DMT symbol as determined by a first bit allocation table. The step of receiving at the second reception bit rate includes the step of demodulating the second number of bits of the second DMT symbol as determined by the second bit allocation table. Furthermore, in another embodiment, the average value of the parity bit rate for DMT symbols received at the first and second reception rates is substantially constant.
In still another aspect, the present invention relates to a multicarrier system that changes the transmission bit rate without interruption. Such multi-carrier systems include an encoder that produces a plurality of codewords having a specific codeword size and including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction. The multicarrier system also includes an interleaver associated with the encoder, which interleaves the plurality of codewords based on specific interleave parameters. The multicarrier system further comprises a modulator associated with the interleaver. The modulator assigns each interleaved codeword to the carrier subchannel for transmission at the first transmission bit rate, and changes the bit assignment for transmission at the second transmission bit rate. The specific interleave parameter, the specific codeword size, and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction are not changed even after the modulator has changed the bit allocation to transmit at a second transmission bit rate. Thus, the transmission bit rate can be changed without interruption.
In one embodiment, the modulator transmits a first DMT symbol having a first number of bits determined by a first bit allocation table at a first transmission bit rate and a second bit allocation table. A second DMT symbol having a second number of bits determined by is transmitted at a second transmission bit rate. In another embodiment, the modulator transmits a first DMT symbol at a first transmission bit rate and a second DMT symbol at a second transmission bit rate. In this embodiment, the average value of the parity bit rate for the DMT symbols transmitted at the first and second transmission rates is substantially constant.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a receiver in a multicarrier communication system that continuously changes a reception bit rate. The receiver operates at a first received bit rate to produce a first plurality of interleaved codewords and changes operation to a second received bit rate to produce a second plurality of interleaved codewords. A demodulator is provided. Each codeword has a specific codeword size and includes a specific number of parity bits for error correction. The receiver also includes a deinterleaver associated with the demodulator that deinterleaves the first and second multiple interleaved codewords based on specific interleave parameters. Yes. In addition, such a receiver includes a decoder that cooperates with the demodulator to receive and decode the first and second multiple interleaved codewords. In order to seamlessly change the received bit rate, the specific interleaving parameter used for deinterleaving the first plurality of interleaved codewords is a specific interleaving used for deinterleaving the second plurality of interleaved codewords. The specific codeword size used for decoding the first multiple deinterleaved codeword and the specific number of parity bits for error correction are the same as the second multiple deinterleave It is the same as the specific codeword size and the specific number of parity bits for error correction used to decode the finished codeword.
In one embodiment, the demodulator receives a first DMT symbol at the first received bit rate and receives a second DMT symbol at the second received bit rate, wherein the first DMT symbol is The second DMT symbol has a second number of bits determined by a second bit allocation table. In another embodiment, the average value of the parity bit rate for DMT symbols received by the demodulator at the first and second reception rates is substantially constant.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for modulating data in a multi-carrier communication system. The method includes providing a stream of digital subscriber line (DSL) codewords, each having a specific number of bits, for transmission to a receiver. The method also comprises modulating a codeword stream to form a discrete multitone symbol having a number of bits determined by the transmission rate capability of the multicarrier communication system. . In this method, the number of bits in the DSL codeword is a non-integer multiple of the number of bits in the DMT symbol.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for continuously changing a transmission rate in a multicarrier communication system. The method includes providing a plurality of codewords having a specific codeword size and including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction. The method includes: transmitting a first plurality of codewords at a first transmission bit rate; changing the first transmission bit rate to a second transmission bit rate; and Transmitting at a second transmission bit rate. In order to seamlessly change the transmission bit rate, the specific codeword size and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction used in the first plurality of codewords are used for the second plurality of codewords. used.
In still another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for continuously changing a reception rate in a multicarrier communication system. The method includes providing a plurality of codewords having a specific codeword size and including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction. The method also includes receiving a first plurality of codeword bits at a first reception bit rate using a first allocation table, and using the second allocation table to determine the first reception bit rate. Changing to a second received bit rate; and receiving bits of a second plurality of codewords at the second received bit rate. In order to seamlessly change the reception rate, the specific codeword size used for the first multiple codewords and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction are for the second multiple codewords. The number of bits used in the first allocation table is different from the number of bits in the second allocation table.
In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for seamlessly changing a transmission bit rate. This method uses a multi-carrier communication system that includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter and the receiver have a first bit allocation table for transmitting a plurality of codewords having a specific codeword size and including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction at a first transmission rate; And using specific interleaving parameters to interleave the plurality of codewords. The method includes transmitting a message to change the transmission bit rate from the first transmission bit rate to the second transmission bit rate. The method also includes the step of using a second bit allocation table at the receiver and the transmitter to perform transmission at the second transmission bit rate. The method further includes using the second bit allocation table in synchronization between the receiver and the transmitter. The method also includes the specific interleave parameter, the specific codeword and the specific number for forward error correction used to transmit the codeword at the first transmission bit rate in order to continuously change the reception rate. And transmitting the code word at the second transmission bit rate using the same parity bit.
In one embodiment, the message includes the second bit rate allocation table. In another embodiment, the receiver transmits the message to the transmitter. In another embodiment, the method further comprises storing a bit allocation table in a transmitter and a receiver, and the message is stored in the second bit rate allocation table. Is used as In still another embodiment, the transmitter transmits the message to the receiver. In another embodiment, the synchronizing step includes sending a flag signal. In another embodiment, the flag signal is a predetermined signal. In another embodiment, the predetermined signal is a synchronization symbol with a predetermined phase displacement. In another embodiment, the predetermined signal is an inverted sync signal.
In another embodiment, the method further comprises: using the first bit allocation table to transmit a plurality of DMT symbols at the first transmission bit rate; and Switching to the second bit allocation table for transmission at two transmission bit rates. In this embodiment, the second bit allocation table is used for communication starting from one of the predetermined DMT symbols after the transmission of the flag signal. In another embodiment, the predetermined DMT symbol is an initial flag signal after transmission of the flag signal. In another embodiment, the transmitter transmits the flag signal to the receiver. In still another embodiment, the receiver transmits the flag signal to the transmitter. Furthermore, in another embodiment, each bit allocation table specifies the transmission power level of each carrier channel. In yet another embodiment, each bit allocation table specifies the allocation of bits to carrier subchannels for each delay path in a multicarrier system having multiple latency paths.
In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for seamlessly entering a second power mode from a first power mode. This method uses a multi-carrier communication system that includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter and the receiver are for transmitting a plurality of codewords having a specific codeword size and including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction at a first transmission rate in a first power mode. The first bit allocation table is used. The plurality of codewords have a specific codeword size and include a plurality of codewords including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction in order to transmit at a first transmission rate in a first power mode. A bit allocation table and specific interleaving parameters are provided for interleaving the plurality of codewords. Such a method includes storing a second bit allocation table in the receiver and the transmitter for transmitting a codeword at the second transmission bit rate in the second power mode. The method also includes the step of using the second bit allocation table in synchronization between the receiver and the transmitter, and the second bit allocation table for transmitting the codeword. Steps to enter the two power mode. In order to seamlessly change the power mode, the specific interleave parameter, the specific codeword, and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction used to transmit a codeword in the first power mode are: It is also used for transmitting codewords in the second power mode.
In one embodiment, the synchronizing step includes sending a flag signal. In another embodiment, the flag signal is a predetermined signal. In another embodiment, the predetermined signal is a synchronization symbol with a predetermined phase displacement. In still another embodiment, the predetermined signal is an inverted synchronization symbol. In another embodiment, the transmitter transmits the flag signal to the receiver. In another embodiment, the receiver transmits the flag signal to the transmitter. In yet another embodiment, the second power mode is a low power mode.
In another embodiment, the method further comprises allocating zero bits to the carrier signal such that a transmission bit rate is about zero kilobits per second in the low power mode. In another embodiment, the method further comprises transmitting a pilot tone to restore timing when operating in the low power mode.
In yet another embodiment, the method further comprises using the first bit allocation table to transmit a plurality of DMT symbols in the first power mode, and converting the plurality of DMT symbols to the second Switching to the second bit allocation table for transmission in power mode. The second bit allocation table is used for communication starting from one of the predetermined DMT symbols after the transmission of the flag signal. In another embodiment, the predetermined DMT symbol is an initial flag signal after transmission of the flag signal.
In another embodiment, the second power mode is a full power mode. Furthermore, in another embodiment, the first power mode is a full power mode, and the second power mode is a low power mode. In still another embodiment, the first power mode is a low power mode, and the second power mode is a full power mode.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, a transceiver including a transmitter and receiver as shown in FIG. 1 above may be used. ADSL systems typically include both a transmitter and a receiver for each communication in a specific direction. In the following description, the ADSL DMT transmitter receives a digital input and transmits an analog signal via a communication line such as a twisted wire pair. Such transmission can occur over other types of lines, fiber optic cables, and / or media including wireless connections. To use the transmitted signal, the second transceiver on the remote side of the communication line includes a receiver for converting the received analog signal into a stream of digital signals for use in a device such as a computer or digital television. In two-way communication using a pair of transceivers, each transceiver has a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter transmits information to the other receiver, and the receiver receives information from the other transmitter. To do.
The present invention describes a DMT system that has the ability to seamlessly adapt the bit rate of the system online. Such a DMT system also provides a robust yet fast protocol for performing the aforementioned seamless adaptations. Furthermore, the DMT system provides a framing and encoding method that reduces overhead compared to conventional DMT. This new framing and encoding method allows a system with the ability to perform rate adaptation seamlessly.
The modem data rate is preferably changed after processing because the channel characteristics change or the application running on ADSL changes. Examples of changes in channel characteristics include changes in line noise, changes in the degree of interference with other services in the same line or bundle, changes in the level and radio frequency interference signal intrusion, and changes in line due to temperature changes. Changes in impedance, changes in the state of equipment connected to the line (phone goes from on-hook to off-hook, or vice versa), etc. Examples of application changes include changing the PC to power down mode, changing the user from Internet browsing to two-way video conferencing, or changing the user from Internet browsing to Internet browsing. This includes the change to voice communication (Voice) via DSL without accompanying. It is highly preferred that the data rate change in such a case be performed in a seamless manner, i.e. without data bit errors or without service interruption. However, the DMT ADSL modem specified by the standard of the prior art cannot continuously adapt the data rate.
Condition # 4 above cannot change the size of the BAT without modifying the RS coding, interleaving and framing parameters. BAT and N BAT Can be changed during operation, i.e. if more or fewer bits are allocated to the carrier in the DMT symbol, the data rate can be changed. Condition # 4 is the number of bits N in BAT BAT Is changed, the size of the RS codeword (and thus the interleaving parameter) must also be changed. Changing interleaving and coding parameters online requires re-initialization of the interleaver. Reinitializing the interleaver will always “erase” the interleaving memory. If the memory is erased, a data error occurs, and transmission is not continuous.
In order to make the DMT ADSL system perform continuous data rate changes, the present invention relates to:
1. A more efficient data framing and encoding method that allocates smaller overhead data per DMT symbol, thereby speeding up the user bit rate;
2. Providing a new ADSL system with the ability to dynamically adapt data rates in a seamless manner online (ie, in operation); and
3. Providing a robust yet fast new protocol to perform such a seamless adaptation, so that the data rate can be changed well even in the presence of high levels of noise.
Framing with a certain percentage of overhead
In one embodiment, a framing method for reducing overhead (not payload) data in a DMT ADSL system is described. FIG. 2 shows a diagram 200 representing an ADSL frame and RS codeword that includes at least one framing overhead byte 202, one or more payload bytes 204, and one or more check bytes 206. This framing method also enables seamless data rate adaptation. As mentioned above, existing ADSL systems impose restrictions and requirements on ADSL frames, RS codewords and DMT symbols. A system constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention separates ADSL frames and RS codewords from DMT symbols. Such separation allows the system to have small overhead data for each DMT symbol and to perform rate changes seamlessly online. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, an ADSL frame and The RS code words have the same length and are configured to be aligned (see FIG. 2). Such RS codewords are made large enough to maximize the coding gain. The size of the RS codeword (and thus the ADSL frame) can be set at the start or in advance. The ADSL frame includes a fixed value R-S check byte and an overhead framing byte. These parameters can also be set at the start or in advance.
Unlike conventional DMT symbols, DMT symbols generated based on the principles of the present invention are ADSL frames and RS code word Are not aligned. Also, the number of bits in the DMT symbol is determined solely by the data rate requirements and configuration and is independent of RS codeword size, interleaver depth, and ADSL frame size. The number of bits in the DMT symbol determines the modem's data rate regardless of other framing, coding or interleaving restrictions. Since overhead bytes are added at the ADSL frame layer, DMT symbol Does not need to contain a fixed number of overhead bytes. For example, when the data rate is low, such as 128 kbps, overhead bytes remain low. In particular, this framing method allocates a fixed percentage of overhead data to the data stream rather than a fixed number of overhead bytes. This ratio does not change even if the modem data rate changes (similar to existing ADSL modems). Consider an example of a framing method compliant with a conventional standard below.
Prior art example # 1
The line capacity is 192 bytes (6.144 Mbps) per DMT symbol. The codeword size, which includes 16 check bytes and 1 overhead framing byte (assuming ANSIT 1.413 framing mode # 3), is 192. The total number of framing overhead per DMT symbol (ie, check bytes + overhead framing bytes) is 16 + 1 = 17, so the framing overhead is 8.8% of the available throughput resulting from 17/192. .
Prior art example # 2
The line capacity is 4 bytes (128 kbps). The code word is composed of 16 DMT symbols, that is, 16 × 4 = 64 bytes. Also, there are 16 RS check bytes (1 check byte for each DMT) and 1 overhead framing byte (assuming ANSIT 1.413 framing mode # 3). The total number of framing overhead (check bytes + overhead framing bytes) per DMT symbol is 1 + 1 = 2, so the framing overhead is 50% of the available throughput resulting in 2/4. This is very inefficient.
An example embodiment of the framing method of the present invention results in the following, called the Constant Percentage Overhead Method:
This is exactly the same as the example of processing conforming to the standard (example # 1 of the prior art). The codeword size, DMT symbol size and overhead are the same. Thus, the framing overhead is also 8.8% of the available throughput, which is the result of 17/192.
The line capacity is 4 bytes (128 kbps). The codeword is constructed independently of the DMT symbol and can therefore be set to 192 bytes (as an example). This is also the size of the ADSL frame. We use 16 R-S bytes and one overhead framing byte per codeword or ADSL frame. There are 192/4 = 48 DMT symbols in one codeword. The total number of overheads per 48 DMT symbols (check bytes + overhead framing bytes) is 1 + 16 = 17 bytes, ie 17/48 = 0.35 bytes per DMT symbol. The framing overhead is 8.8% of the available throughput resulting in 0.35 / 4.
From Example # 1 and Example # 2, it is clear that the principles of the present invention provide a way to achieve a fraction of the available throughput framing overhead regardless of data rate or line capability. In these examples, the framing overhead was 8.8% for both 6 Mbps and 128 kbps.
System for seamless rate adaptation (SRA)
Another advantage of the framing method described in the present invention is that it enables seamless online rate adaptation. Seamless rate adaptation (SRA) is achieved by changing the DMT symbol BAT, ie, the number of bits allocated for each subchannel in a multicarrier system. As described above, changing the BAT changes the number of bits per DMT symbol, thereby changing the data bit rate of the system. In certain embodiments, the size of the DMT symbol changes without changing the RS coding, interleaving and framing parameters. This is possible because the constant percentage overhead framing method described above removes the limitations imposed by the prior art on the relationship between DMT symbols and RS codewords or ADSL frames. Since the RS coding and interleaving parameters do not change, the interleaver erasure and other problems associated with changing the parameters associated with these functions do not occur. The transceiver can adapt the data rate without error or service interruption. The only parameter that needs to be changed is BAT.
This BAT must be changed at both the transmitter and the receiver at exactly the same time, ie with respect to the exact same DMT symbol. If the transmitter begins to use a new BAT for transmission before the receiver does, the data will not be demodulated correctly and a bit error will occur. Also, the same error occurs if the receiver starts using a new BAT before the transmitter does. For this reason, communication using a new BAT for transmission / reception needs to be synchronized in the transmitter and the receiver. In certain embodiments, the principles of the present invention provide a protocol that allows synchronized transmission by using a new BAT.
It is also very important that this protocol is very robust in the presence of channel noise. For example, if such a protocol fails and the receiver cannot switch to a new BAT at the same time as the transmitter, a bit error occurs and communication is interrupted. In addition, if the transmitter and receiver use different BATs, it is very difficult to reconstruct an error-free link without performing a connection reinitialization that causes up to 10 seconds of service interruption. is there.
Since operation at a new data rate is performed instantaneously, it is also very important to perform transmission between BATs at high speed. As an example, at a constant data rate, when the S / N ratio of the channel suddenly decreases, the number of bits that cause an error increases. Since many bits are received in error, the data rate needs to be changed. In such a situation, it is desirable to change the data rate as soon as possible to get out of the situation where bits are received in error. As another example, the data rate can be changed by changing the application being transmitted over the ADSL link. For example, if one user browses the Internet and then another user wants to make a voice call on the data bit stream using the Voice over DSL capability of the ADSL connection, It is necessary to change the data rate of the system instantaneously in order to adapt to another call.
From such requirements, it is clear that the SRA protocol needs to provide:
a. How to synchronize transmitter and receiver communications for a new BAT;
b. Be able to perform robust transitions for new data rates;
c. Be able to move quickly to the new data rate.
The principles of the present invention provide two protocols that meet these requirements for seamless rate adaptation. This protocol is called normal SRA and fast SRA protocol.
Normal SRA (NASAR) protocol
Either the transmitter or the receiver can initiate the normal SRA (NASAR) protocol.
NASAR protocol initiated by the receiver
An NSRA initiated by the receiver includes the following steps:
1. During initialization, the transmitter and receiver exchange information indicating their maximum and minimum data rate capabilities. This corresponds to the minimum and maximum values of the number of bits per DMT symbol.
2. In operation, the receiver decides whether to increase or decrease the data rate.
3. If the new data rate is within the rate capability of the transmitter, the receiver proceeds to step 4.
4). The receiver sends a new BAT and a new data rate to the transmitter using the AOC or EOC channel. This corresponds to an “NSAR request” by the receiver.
5. The transmitter receives an “NSAR request”.
6). The transmitter uses an inverted synchronization symbol as a flag to inform the receiver that a new BAT is being used. The new BAT is used for transmission on the first frame after a fixed number of frames of inverted sync symbols. This inverted sync symbol acts as a rate adaptation message “SRA Go” sent by the transmitter.
7). The receiver detects an inverted sync symbol (“SRA Go”) and the new BAT is used for reception on the first frame after a fixed number of frames of the inverted sync symbol.
FIG. 4 shows a flowchart 400 representing an embodiment of a bit rate change process by normal SRA (NASAR) communication initiated by a receiver in accordance with the principles of the present invention. In FIG. 4, the steps described in execution boxes 410 to 470 correspond to the above description.
The NASAR protocol initiated by the transmitter
The NSRA initiated by the transmitter includes the following steps:
1. During initialization, the transmitter and receiver exchange information indicating maximum and minimum capabilities regarding the data rate. This corresponds to the minimum and maximum values of the number of bits per DMT symbol.
2. The transmitter decides whether to increase or decrease the data rate.
3. If the desired data rate is within the rate capability of the receiver, the transmitter proceeds to step 4.
4). The transmitter sends the new desired data rate to the receiver using the EOC or EOC channel. This is the “NSAR Request (NSAR Request)” message.
5. The receiver receives the NSAR request message. If the channel can support the new data rate, the receiver proceeds to step 6. If the channel cannot support the new data rate, the receiver sends an “SRA Deny” message back to the transmitter using the EOC or EOC channel.
6). The receiver sends a new BAT to the transmitter using the EOC or EOC channel based on the new bit rate. This corresponds to a “NSRA Grant” request by the receiver.
7). The transmitter receives an “NSRA Grant” request.
8). The transmitter uses the inverted sync symbol as a flag to inform the receiver that a new BAT is being used. The new table is used for transmission on the first frame after a fixed number of frames of inverted sync symbols. This inverted sync symbol acts as a rate adaptation message “SRA Go” sent by the transmitter.
9. The receiver detects an inverted sync symbol (“SRA Go”) and the new table is used for reception on the first frame after a fixed number of frames of the inverted sync symbol.
FIG. 5 shows a flowchart 500 representing an embodiment of a bit rate change process by normal SRA (NASAR) communication initiated by a transmitter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the steps described in execution boxes 510 to 590 correspond to the above description.
Rate adaptation requires only changing the number of bits in the DMT symbol by changing the BAT, and does not require changing the RS codeword size, interleaver depth, or ADSL frame size. Such changes can be performed without disrupting the data flow or causing data errors.
This protocol of the present invention is faster than traditional rate adaptation methods because it does not require a long handshake between the transmitter and receiver to approve new communication parameters and rates. Since the data rate capability is known in advance and processed during setup, long handshake is not required. Also, other parameters (such as RS codeword length, interleaver depth, etc.) do not change during data rate changes using the new framing method.
This protocol of the present invention is more robust than conventional rate adaptation techniques because it does not use an EOC or AOC channel to send the “SRA Go” message to synchronize the transition to the new data rate. In conventional rate adaptation techniques, messages sent over an EOC or AOC channel are easily corrupted by line noise. These overhead channels are multiplexed into the data stream at the framer and transmitted on a number of DMT subchannels defined by quadrature amplitude modulation. Pulse noise or other noise that occurs in the line can easily cause bit errors in AOC channel messages, which can be lost. If the “SRA Go” message is destroyed and not received at the receiver, the receiver does not know whether the SRA request has been granted. On the other hand, the transmitter assumes that an “SRA Go” message has been received and switches to a new data rate and transmission parameters. A receiver that has not received a grant message does not know when to switch to the new rate. Thus, the modems are not synchronized and a data error occurs.
Unlike conventional rate adaptation techniques, the protocol of the present invention is robust because it does not send "SRA Go" messages via EOC or AOC messages that are susceptible to corruption.
Instead, rate adaptation requests are exchanged via inverted sync symbols. The synchronization signal is defined by ANSI and ITU standards as a non-data carrying DMT symbol transmitted every 69 symbols.
This synchronization signal is configured by modulating all DMT carriers having a predetermined PN sequence using basic AQPSK (2-bit QAM) modulation. This signal, used throughout the modem initialization process, has special autocorrection properties that enable detection of sync and inverted sync signals even in very noisy environments. The inverted synchronization signal is a synchronization signal obtained by shifting the phase information of the QAM signal by 180 degrees. For messages going to SRA, other phase displacement (other than 180 degrees) synchronization signals can also be used. Using such a synchronization signal for the “SRA Go” message makes the rate adaptation protocol resistant even in noisy environments.
The fast SRA (FSRA) protocol seamlessly changes the data rate on the line faster than the NSRA protocol. This is important for certain applications where activation and deactivation are instantaneous and channel changes occur suddenly. In the FSRA protocol, "Stored BATs (stored BATs)" is used to speed up the SRA handshake and to enable rapid switching of data rates. Unlike the profile used in G992.2, the stored BAT does not include RS coding and interleaving parameters. This is because these parameters become ineffective when the rate is changed using a certain percentage of overhead framing.
BATs are exchanged using NSRA as described in the previous section. Once the one time NSRA is finished and a BAT based on that particular channel or application condition is stored on both sides of the transceiver, the FSRA protocol is stored to perform rate adaptation online at high speed. BAT can be used. Stored BATs are labeled only to let both the transmitter and receiver know which table will be used for the other party without actually sending the information again. For example, the stored BATs may be numbered. The transmitter or receiver needs to inform the other end of the transceiver which BAT table number is used for the next communication. Either the transmitter or the receiver can initiate FSRA.
FSAR started by receiver
A receiver-initiated FSAR includes the following steps:
1. The receiver decides whether to increase or decrease the data rate.
2. If the stored BAT meets the new channel and / or application requirements, the receiver proceeds to step 3. If no storage BAT matches the condition, NSRA is started (as described above).
3. The receiver sends a message to the transmitter to identify which storage BAT is used for communication based on the new channel and / or application conditions. This corresponds to “FSRA Request” by the receiver.
4). The transmitter receives the “FSRA request”.
5. The transmitter uses the inverted synchronization symbol as a flag to inform the receiver that the storage BAT requested for transmission is used. The stored BAT is used for transmission on the first frame after a fixed number of frames of the inverted synchronization symbol. This inverted synchronization symbol corresponds to the rate adaptation message “SRA Go” sent by the transmitter.
6). The receiver detects an inverted synchronization symbol (“SRA Go”) and the new BAT is used for reception on the first frame after a fixed number of frames of the inverted synchronization symbol.
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart 600 representing an embodiment of a bit rate change process by high-speed SRA (FASAR) communication initiated by a transmitter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. In FIG. 6, the steps described in execution boxes 610 to 660 correspond to the above description.
FSAR started by transmitter
The transmitter-initiated FSAR includes the following steps:
1. The transmitter decides whether to increase or decrease the data rate.
2. If the stored BAT meets the new channel and / or application requirements, the transmitter proceeds to step 3. If no storage BAT matches the condition, NSRA is started (as described above).
3. The transmitter sends a message to the receiver to identify which storage BAT is used for communication based on the new new channel and / or application conditions. This corresponds to a “FSRA request” by the transmitter.
4). The receiver receives a “FSRA request”.
5. The receiver returns a “FSRA Grant” message to the transmitter to grant permission to the “FSRA request”.
6). The transmitter receives “FSRA Grant”.
7). The transmitter uses the inverted synchronization symbol as a flag to inform the receiver that the storage BAT requested for transmission is used. The identified BAT is used for transmission on the first frame after a certain number of frames of the inverted sync symbol. This inverted synchronization symbol corresponds to the rate adaptation message “SRA Go” sent by the transmitter.
8). The receiver detects an inverted synchronization symbol (“SRA Go”) and the new BAT is used for reception on the first frame after a fixed number of frames of the inverted synchronization symbol.
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart 700 representing an embodiment of a bit rate change process by high-speed SRA (FASAR) communication initiated by a transmitter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. In FIG. 7, the steps described in execution boxes 710 to 780 correspond to the above description.
The FASAR protocol can be run very quickly. Such a protocol only requires the exchange of two messages (FSRA grant and FSRA request) and an inverted synchronization symbol. FSRA is faster than NSRA because BAT is stored and does not need to be exchanged. The FSRA protocol, like the NSRA protocol, uses an inverted synchronization signal for “SRA Go”, so it is robust even in a noisy environment.
Use the SRA protocol for power management (entering and exiting low power mode)
Full power mode is used during normal operation of the transceiver. The low power communication mode is used to save transceiver power when there is no need to transmit data on the line. Many modems have a low power mode or "sleep mode" that allows the transceiver to operate at a very low power level when communication demands are low. Also, many modems have a protocol that allows them to enter and exit the low power mode at high speed, so there is no inconvenience to the user as the modem transitions to the low power mode. The SRA protocol provided by the present invention is used to enter and exit the low power mode at high speed and seamlessly.
This is a low power mode with a very low data rate (eg, 32 kbps). Only some of the subchannels are used. In order to maintain the timing of the loop, a pilot tone may be transmitted.
This low power mode has a data rate of substantially 0 kbps, i.e. no subchannel is modulating the data. Data connection is not maintained. In this case, a pilot tone may be transmitted in order to maintain the loop timing.
At both low data rate LPM and zero data rate LPM, the synchronization symbols sent every 69 symbols in normal full power mode may be on or off. If a synchronization symbol is also sent during the low power mode, the receiver can use the synchronization symbol to monitor channel changes and other variations on the line. However, sending synchronization symbols every 69 symbols can cause non-stationary crosstalk and can be detrimental to other signals on the same telephone line or in the same wire bundle. If no sync symbol is sent during the low power mode, there will be no steady interference on the telephone line or wire bundle. In this case, however, the channel cannot be monitored by the synchronization signal.
Enter low power mode using FRSA
1. Transition to low power mode initiated by the receiver
The receiver initiates a transition to low power mode using the FSRA protocol initiated by the receiver. The receiver that has started the transition to the low power mode uses the storage BAT corresponding to the low power mode. The storage BAT table for the low power mode enables either a low data rate LPM or a zero data rate LPM. This low power mode BAT may be pre-defined by the system, or may be replaced and stored using an NSRA process. In any case, the receiver uses the FSRA protocol initiated by the receiver to specify the low power mode BAT and to switch synchronously to using that BAT for communication.
2. Transition to low power mode initiated by transmitter
There are two ways to transition to low power mode using the transmitter initiated FSRA protocol. In one embodiment, the transmitter uses the entire FSRA process initiated by the transmitter and requests migration. As in the case of the transition to the low power mode initiated by the receiver, the transmitter that transitions to the low power mode uses the storage BAT for the low power mode. The storage BAT table for the low power mode can be enabled at either a low data rate LPM or a zero data rate LPM. This low power mode BAT can be pre-defined by the system or can be exchanged and stored using the NSRA process. In either case, the transmitter uses the FSRA protocol initiated by the transmitter to specify the low power mode BAT and simultaneously switch to that BAT for communication.
As a second embodiment, there is a method in which the transmitter directly moves to step 7 of the FSRA protocol started by the above-described transmitter and transmits an inverted synchronization symbol indicating the transition to the low power mode. The receiver detects inversion synchronization and transitions to the low power mode. In this case, since the FRSA request has not been transmitted by the transmitter, the receiver recognizes that the synchronization symbol received without the FSRA request indicates that the transmitter is entering the low power mode. The low power mode BAT (predefined by the system) or identified and pre-stored so that both transmitter and receiver use BAT. In the second embodiment, in step 7, the transmitter is different from the signal predefined by the transmitter and receiver to be a signal used to enter low power mode without FSRA. Send a signal. For example, the transmitter may transmit a synchronization symbol whose phase is rotated 45 degrees instead of the inverted (180 degrees) synchronization symbol. The synchronization symbol whose phase is rotated 45 degrees is transmitted to the low power mode by the transmitter using the storage BAT corresponding to the low power mode on the first frame after a certain number of frames after the 45 degrees rotation of the inverted symbol. Indicates that it is going.
In the second embodiment explained The transmitter-initiated transition to low power mode has the advantage that there is no need to create an inversion channel for the transition. An inversion channel is defined as a communication channel in the opposite direction, i.e., here the communication channel used to send FRSA messages from the receiver to the transmitter. The inversion channel is advantageous because it is already in a low power mode without a data connection. If the transmission data is not ready, the transmitter can simply transition to a low power mode. This is an important power saving technique because the transmitter consumes most of the power because it is needed to transmit the signal over the line. The transmitter initiated low power mode transition is also useful when running a “soft modem” (PC host based). When running a soft modem, the host processor executes the modem transceiver function and many other PC applications simultaneously. If the host processor has to perform other tasks that do not allow the operation of the ADSL transmitter, the processor will promptly reduce the transmitter power by sending an inverted sync symbol or a sync symbol rotated 45 degrees. Move to rate. Thereafter, the host processor resource can be used by the other task. The ADSL transmitter does not send a signal to the line (0 kbps).
The transmitter and receiver initiated protocol described above allows the communication system to enter a low power mode in each direction (upstream and downstream directions) separately or together. In the above case, the case of one direction has been described. This protocol can also be combined to achieve a transition in both directions simultaneously. For example, a customer premise transceiver (CPT) is designed so that when the PC is in a low power mode, the CPT is also. This CPT uses the transition to the low power mode initiated by the receiver first to bring the downstream direction (direction from the central office (CO) to the CPT) into the low power mode. The CPT then uses the transmitter-initiated transition to the low power mode to place the upstream direction (the direction from the CPT to the central office (CO)) into the low power mode.
Escape from low power mode
1. Escape from low power mode initiated by receiver
According to the SRA protocol, there are two embodiments of what the receiver can use to get out of the low power mode. The first one In this embodiment, if the low power mode still has at least a slow data connection in the reverse direction (low data rate LPM), then the receiver initiates the exit from the low power mode. Can be implemented using the NSRA or FSRA protocol. This is necessary because the receiver must be able to send an SRA request back to the transmitter with the BAT used. If the transmitter does not turn off the synchronization symbol in the low power mode, the NSRA or FSRA protocol is used as described above. If the transmitter turns off the synchronization symbol while in the low power mode, "SRA Go" is transmitted by the transmitter by turning the synchronization symbol back on. The receiver detects the presence of a synchronization symbol (with or without inversion) as a flag for synchronizing data rate changes.
In the second embodiment, there is no data connection in the reverse direction (zero data rate LPM). The receiver first begins in the reverse direction “escape from the low power mode initiated by the transmitter” (escape by performing what will be described below). This enables data connection in the reverse direction. The receiver uses the NSPA or FSRA protocol initiated by the receiver to get out of the low power mode in its direction. As described above, if the transmitter turns off the synchronization symbol while in the low power mode, “SRA Go” is transmitted by the transmitter by turning the synchronization symbol back on. The receiver detects the presence of a synchronization symbol (with or without inversion) as a flag for synchronizing data rate changes.
2. Escape from low power mode initiated by transmitter
According to the SRA protocol, there are two embodiments of what the transmitter can use to get out of the low power mode. In the first embodiment, the transmitter uses the entire FSRA or NSRA process initiated by the transmitter and requests a transition. This requires a data connection (low data rate LPM) in both directions, allowing protocol messages to be exchanged. If the transmitter did not turn off the synchronization symbol in the low power mode, such as an exit from the low power mode initiated by the receiver, the NSRA or FSRA protocol is used as described above. If the transmitter turns off the synchronization symbol while in the low power mode, the transmitter transmits “SRA Go” by turning the synchronization symbol back on. The receiver detects the presence of a synchronization symbol (with or without inversion) as a flag for synchronizing data rate changes.
In the second embodiment, the transmitter can get out of low power mode by going directly to step 7 of the FSRA protocol initiated by the transmitter. The transmitter sends an inverted sync symbol to indicate that it has left the low power mode. This requires sending a synchronization symbol during the low power mode. This protocol does not require a low data rate LPM. The receiver detects the inverted sync symbol and exits the low power mode. The receiver is configured to recognize that an inverted synchronization symbol received without an FSRA request indicates that the transmitter has exited the low power mode. The BAT in full power mode is identified and stored in advance so that both the transmitter and receiver have a BAT in the connection. For example, the BAT used when exiting the low power mode is defined by the system to be initialized to the last full power connection BAT. Alternatively, the transmitter transmits a signal that is different from the signal predefined by the transmitter and receiver to be a signal used to transition to a low power mode without FSRA. The transmitter may transmit a synchronization symbol whose phase is rotated 45 degrees instead of the inverted (180 degrees) synchronization symbol. When the receiver detects that the phase of the sync symbol is rotated 45 degrees, the receiver will store the stored BAT corresponding to the full power mode on the first frame after a certain number of frames after 45 degrees rotation of the inverted symbol. To detect that the transmitter is transitioning from the low power mode. If the transmitter turns off the synchronization symbol while in the low power mode, "SRA Go" is transmitted by the transmitter by turning the synchronization symbol back on. The receiver detects the presence of a synchronization symbol (with or without inversion) as a flag for synchronizing data rate changes.
Although the BAT is defined throughout this description as a table for identifying the number of bits allocated to each subchannel, the BAT includes other parameters related to bit allocation for the subchannels of a multicarrier system. You may go out. Examples of additional parameters include fine gain (Fine Gain) for each subchannel defined in ANSI and ITU standards. In this case, if the BAT is exchanged in the NSRA protocol or stored in the FSRA protocol, the BAT also has a fine gain value for each subchannel.
Seamless rate adaptation systems and associated protocols apply to DMT systems that implement dual (or multiple) delay paths. A double delay system is defined in the ITU and ANSI standards as a DMT system that indicates two data streams with different specifications in the framer / FEC block. FIG. 3 shows a standard ADSL DMT system 300 that implements a double delay path as an example of a system with multiple delays. The system 300 includes three layers: a modulation layer 310, a framer FEC layer 320, and an ATM TC layer 340 that are similar but not the same as the three layers described in FIG. 1 above.
The modulation layer 310 provides functions related to DMT modulation. This DMT modulation is performed using an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) 112. The IDFT 112 modulates bits from a quadrature amplitude modulation encoder 314 into a multicarrier subchannel. The function of the modulation layer 310 is similar to the modulation layer 110 of FIG. 1, but differs in that the modulation layer 310 has multiple inputs whereas there is only a single input.
The framer / FEC layer 320 shown in FIG. 3 has two paths. This layer is the same block as shown in the framer / FEC layer 120 of FIG. 1, ie, interleaving (INT) block 122, forward error correction (FEC) block 124, scrambler (SCR) block 126, cyclic redundancy. It includes a check (CRC) block 128 and an ADSL framer block 130. In addition, this layer includes a second forward error correction (FEC) block 124 ', a scrambler (SCR) block 126', a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block 128 'and an ADSL framer block 130', respectively. Has a second pass. The framer / FEC layer 320 provides functions related to the preparation of a bitstream for modulation.
Since the lower path does not interleave the data stream, the new lower path through the Reamer / FEC layer 320 has a different delay value than the original upper path corresponding to that of FIG. Double delay is used to send different application bitstreams with different delay requirements via the ADSL DMT modem. For example, an application that may have a large delay (eg, video on demand) may transmit with interleaving over the higher delay path above, Small delay For applications that require it (eg voice), it should be transmitted without interleaving over the lower delay path below.
The ATM TC layer 340 includes an ATM TC block 342 having a plurality of input / output terminals that convert the bits and bytes in the cell into frames for each path.
The seamless rate adaptation system and method of the present invention applies even to systems with double delay or multiple delays. For double delay, the FEC and interleaving parameters for both paths are independent of the DMT symbol size. The BAT includes the data rate for each delay path separately from the number of bits allocated to each subchannel. When seamless rate adaptation is done using the FSRA and NSRA protocols, the BAT also indicates the data rate for each delay path. For example, a double delay system is operating at 1.536 Mbps on an interleaved path (upper path with higher delay) and 256 kbps on an uninterleaved path (lower path with lower delay), and SRA starts If so, the SRA protocol identifies a new BAT that includes the number of bits per subchannel and a new data rate for each delay path. When the DMT symbol rate is 4 kHz, the system operates at 1.536 Mbps + 256 kbps = 1.92 Mbps, and the total number of bits per symbol is 1792000/4000 = 448. BAT indicates that for each symbol, 1536000/4000 = 386 bits are assigned to the interleaved path, and 256000/4000 = 64 bits are assigned to the non-interleaved path. For example, when SRA is performed, the new data rate of the interleaved path is 1.048 Mbps (1048000/4000 = 262 bits per symbol), and the new data rate of the non-interleaved path is 128 kbps (128000/4000 = DMT symbols). This allows the total throughput rate to be 1.176 kbps (or the total number of bits per DMT symbol is 294). NSRA and FSRA protocols combined with the framing methods described herein can make such data rate changes seamlessly in both delay paths. It is also possible not to change the data rate of both paths. For example, a path with a small delay of 256 kbps carries voice data (multiple calls) that cannot operate at a low rate, and it is preferable to keep the data rate constant, but a path of 1.536 Mbps It can carry Internet access data that can operate at low data rates.
In this example, the data rate of the path with a small delay is maintained at 256 kbps during SRA, but the data rate of the path with a large delay is changed.
Although the present invention has been disclosed in connection with an ADSL system, it can be applied to any system that uses multi-carrier modulation.
Although the invention has been disclosed and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. You should understand that you can do it.
The objects and features of the present invention can be understood more clearly with reference to the drawings described below. The drawings need not be scaled or emphasized to illustrate the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a known ADSL DMT transmitter that is compliant with the standard.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of an ADSL frame and RS codeword.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a dual delay ADSL DMT transmitter
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating one embodiment of a processing process when a receiver initiates a normal seamless rate adaptation (NSRA) communication bit rate change in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a processing process when a transmitter initiates a normal seamless rate adaptation (NSRA) communication bit rate change in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a processing process when a receiver initiates a fast seamless rate adaptation (FSRA) communication bit rate change in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating one embodiment of a processing process when a transmitter initiates a fast seamless rate adaptation (FSRA) communication bit rate change in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
A method for seamlessly changing a transmission bit rate in multi-channel transmission, the method comprising:
Providing a plurality of codewords each having a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction and having a specific codeword size;
A codeword is transmitted at a first transmission bit rate for a carrier frequency subchannel, and a first multiple codeword is transmitted using a first allocation table for identifying a first bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel . Assigning bits;
Transmitting the first plurality of codewords at a first transmission bit rate;
A codeword is transmitted at a second transmission bit rate for a carrier frequency subchannel, and a second multiple codeword is transmitted using a second allocation table for identifying a second bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel . Assigning bits; and changing the transmission from the first transmission bit rate to the second transmission bit rate by sending the second plurality of codewords;
The specific codeword size used in transmitting each of the first plurality of codewords and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction change the transmission bit rate in a seamless manner. Used to transmit each of multiple codewords,
The method of claim 1, further comprising interleaving the first and second multiple codewords based on specific interleave parameters, to interleave the first multiple codeword. The specific interleaving parameter used is the same as the specific interleaving parameter used to interleave the second multiple codewords;
The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting at the first transmission bit rate comprises assigning a first number of bits to a first DMT symbol as determined by a first bit assignment table; Transmitting at a second transmission bit rate comprises allocating a second number of bits to a second DMT symbol as determined by a second bit allocation table;
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the average value of the parity bit rate for DMT symbols transmitted at the first and second transmission rates is constant, and the parity bit rate is the number of parity bits in the DMT symbol. Divided by the total number of bits in the bit allocation table used for
Providing a plurality of codewords each having a codeword size, each including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction;
Receiving a first plurality of codewords from a carrier frequency subchannel at a first receive bit rate;
Demodulating the bits of the first plurality of codewords using a first allocation table identifying a first bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel ;
Changing reception from the first reception bit rate to the second reception bit rate;
Receiving a second plurality of codewords from the carrier frequency subchannel at a second received bit rate;
Demodulating the bits of the second multi-codeword using a second allocation table identifying a second bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel ;
Interleaving the first and second multiple codewords based on specific interleaving parameters;
The specific interleave parameter, the specific codeword size, and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction used when demodulating each of the first plurality of codewords change the reception bit rate without interruption. Used to demodulate each of the second plurality of codewords,
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of deinterleaving the first and second multiple codewords based on specific deinterleave parameters.
The specific deinterleave parameter used to deinterleave the first multiple codeword is the same as the specific deinterleave parameter used to deinterleave the second multiple codeword;
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the average value of the parity bit rate for DMT symbols received at the first and second reception rates is constant, and the parity bit rate is the number of parity bits in the DMT symbol. Divided by the total number of bits in the bit allocation table used for
A method for seamlessly changing a transmission rate in a multi-carrier communication system, the method comprising:
(i) providing a plurality of codewords having a specific codeword size and including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction;
Transmitting a first plurality of codewords at a first transmission bit rate according to a first allocation table identifying a first bit allocation for a carrier frequency subchannel ;
Changing the first transmission bit rate to a second transmission bit rate; and a second transmission bit rate according to a second allocation table identifying a second bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel. Transmitting a second plurality of codewords;
The specific codeword size and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction used for the first multiple codeword are used for the second multiple codeword to seamlessly change the transmission bit rate. That
A method for seamlessly changing a reception rate in a multi-carrier communication system, the method comprising:
Receiving a first plurality of codeword bits at a first received bit rate using a first allocation table identifying a first bit allocation for a carrier frequency subchannel ;
Changing the first received bit rate to a second received bit rate using a second allocation table identifying a second bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel ; and bits of a second multi-codeword Receiving at the second received bit rate; and
The specific codeword size used for the first multiple codewords and the specific number of parity bits for forward error correction are used for the second multiple codewords and are in the first allocation table The number of bits is different from the number of bits in the second allocation table in order to continuously change the reception rate,
A multi-channel transceiver that can continuously change the transmission bit rate,
Means for providing a plurality of codewords each comprising a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction and having a specific codeword size;
A codeword is transmitted at a first transmission bit rate for a carrier frequency subchannel , and a first plurality of codewords are transmitted using a first allocation table for identifying a first bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel . Means for assigning bits;
Means for transmitting the first plurality of codewords at a first transmission bit rate;
A codeword is transmitted at a second transmission bit rate for a carrier frequency subchannel, and a second multiple codeword is used using a second allocation table to identify a second bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel . Means for allocating bits; and means for changing transmission from the first transmission bit rate to the second transmission bit rate by sending the second plurality of codewords;
Multi-channel transceiver characterized by
11. The multi-channel transceiver of claim 10, further comprising means for interleaving the first and second multiple codewords based on specific interleave parameters, wherein the first multiple codeword is used for interleaving. The specific interleaving parameter is the same as the specific interleaving parameter used to interleave the second plurality of codewords;
11. The multi-channel transceiver of claim 10, wherein the means for transmitting at the first transmission bit rate comprises means for assigning a first number of bits to a first DMT symbol as determined by a first bit assignment table; Means for transmitting at said second transmission bit rate comprises means for assigning a second number of bits to a second DMT symbol as determined by a second bit assignment table;
13. The multi-channel transceiver of claim 12, wherein the average value of the parity bit rate for DMT symbols transmitted at the first and second transmission rates is constant, and the parity bit rate is the number of parity bits in the DMT symbol. Divided by the total number of bits in the bit allocation table used for the DMT symbol;
A multi-channel transceiver that can continuously change the reception bit rate,
Means for providing a plurality of codewords each having a codeword size, each including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction;
Means for receiving a first plurality of codewords from a carrier frequency subchannel at a first reception bit rate;
Means for demodulating the bits of the first plurality of codewords using a first allocation table identifying a first bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel ;
Means for changing reception from the first reception bit rate to the second reception bit rate;
Means for receiving a second plurality of codewords from the carrier subchannel at a second reception bit rate;
Means for demodulating the bits of the second plurality of codewords using a second allocation table identifying a second bit allocation for the carrier frequency subchannel ;
Means for interleaving the first and second multiple codewords based on specific interleaving parameters;
15. The multi-channel transceiver of claim 14, further comprising means for deinterleaving the first and second multiple codewords based on specific deinterleave parameters,
16. The multi-channel transceiver of claim 15, wherein the average value of the parity bit rate for DMT symbols received at the first and second reception rates is constant, and the parity bit rate is the number of parity bits in the DMT symbol. Divided by the total number of bits in the bit allocation table used for the DMT symbol;
A multi-channel transceiver capable of seamlessly changing the transmission rate,
means for providing a plurality of codewords having (i) a specific codeword size and including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction;
Means for transmitting a first plurality of codewords at a first transmission bit rate according to a first allocation table identifying a first bit allocation for a carrier frequency subchannel ;
Means for changing the first transmission bit rate to a second transmission bit rate; and
Means for transmitting a second plurality of codewords at the second transmission bit rate according to a first allocation table identifying a second bit allocation for a carrier frequency subchannel ;
A multi-channel transceiver that can change the reception rate seamlessly,
Means for receiving bits of a first plurality of codewords at a first reception bit rate using a first allocation table identifying a first bit allocation for a carrier frequency subchannel , wherein the first plurality of codes Means (i) having a specific codeword size and (ii) including a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction;
Means for changing the first received bit rate to a second received bit rate using a second allocation table identifying a second bit allocation for a carrier frequency subchannel ; and Means for receiving at a second reception bit rate, wherein the second plurality of codewords (i) have a specific codeword size and (ii) include a specific number of parity bits for forward error correction Means,
JP2000604585A 1999-03-12 2000-03-10 Multi-carrier modulation system and method for seamless rate adaptation Expired - Lifetime JP4608104B2 (en)
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