Source: http://revisedacts.lawreform.ie/eli/2006/act/29/revised/en/html
Timestamp: 2020-05-29 07:55:05
Document Index: 290464060

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 2', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 2', 'art 14']

Power pursuant to section exercised (21.11.2008) by Sea Pollution (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2006 (Part 2) (Commencement) Order 2008 (S.I. No. 120 of 2008).
2. The 21st day of November, 2008 is appointed as the day on which Part 2 of the Sea Pollution (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2006 (No. 29 of 2006) comes into operation.
Power pursuant to section exercised (14.06.2007 and 8.12.2006) by Sea Pollution (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2006 (Commencement) Order 2006 (S.I. No. 605 of 2006).
2. The 8th day of December 2006 is appointed as the day on which Part 1, Part 3 (other than sections 20 to 33, the second, third and fourth definitions in section 34 (c), and section 35) and Part 4 of the Sea Pollution (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2006 (No. 29 of 2006) come into operation.
3. The 14th day of June 2007 is appointed as the day on which sections 20 to 33, the second, third and fourth definitions in section 34 (c), and section 35 of the Sea Pollution (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2006 (No. 29 of 2006) come into operation.
Interpretation( Part 2 ).
“charterer” includes bareboat charterer;
“Convention” means the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage 2001, done at London on 23 May 2001;
( a) any court or tribunal that under the law of that State Party has jurisdiction to determine liability in respect of pollution damage incurred, and to award compensation therefore, or
( b) any court or tribunal that under the law of that State Party has jurisdiction to—
of a court or tribunal referred to in paragraph (a) ;
“Council Regulation” means Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 1 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters;
( a) in the case of a harbour to which the Harbours Acts 1946 to 1976 apply, a harbour authority within the meaning of those Acts,
( b) in the case of a harbour under the control of a company established pursuant to section 7 of the Harbours Act 1996, the company concerned,
( c) in the case of a fishery harbour centre to which the Fishery Harbour Centres Act 1968 applies, the Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources,
( d) in the case of a harbour under the control of a local authority, the local authority concerned,
( e) in the case of a harbour under the management of Iarnród Éireann — Irish Rail, that body;
( a) a person duly appointed under section 14 ;
( b) a member of the Permanent Defence Forces holding commissioned rank, while in uniform;
( c) a member of the Garda Síochána, while in uniform;
( d) as respects the harbour of which he or she is the harbour master, a person duly appointed to be the harbour master by the harbour authority concerned;
“judgment” means a decision of a Convention court made in accordance with the provisions of the Convention awarding compensation to a person in respect of pollution damage incurred by him or her;
“master” in relation to a ship, includes the manager or the operator or both;
“Member State” means a Member State of the European Communities, other than the State and Denmark;
“prescribed” means prescribed by order or regulations made by the Minister under this Part;
(2) ( a) A reference in this Part to the State includes a reference to—
(iii) subject to paragraph (b) , any area lying within a line, every point of which is 200 nautical miles from the baselines for the purposes of the Maritime Jurisdiction Acts 1959 to 1988, and the waters above it.
( b) Nothing in paragraph (a) (iii) shall be construed as constituting a claim by the State to any area that—
3.— (1) In this Part, except where the context otherwise requires— ...
( a) declare that any state specified in the order is a State Party to the Convention and such an order shall be evidence that that State is a State Party to the Convention,
( b) make a declaration for the purposes of Article 7.15 of the Convention,
( c) prescribe fees payable pursuant to section 9 (8) .
“1976 Convention” means the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, done at London on 19 November 1976;
“1996 Protocol” means the Protocol to the 1976 Convention, done at London on 2 May 1996.
(4) ( a) For the purpose of the limits of liability specified in Articles 6 and 7 (as amended) of the 1976 Convention, the value in the currency of the State of the unit of account specified in that Convention shall be taken to be the value, ascertained in accordance with Article 8 (as amended) of that Convention, in that currency of such a unit of account on the relevant day specified in that said Article or, if its value on that day cannot be so ascertained, its value in that currency on the latest day before such day on which it can be so ascertained.
( b) For the purposes of this section a certificate purporting to be signed by an officer of the F2 [ Central Bank of Ireland ] and stating that—
Substituted (1.10.2010) by Central Bank Reform Act 2010 (23/2010), s. 15(14) and sch. 2 part 14 item 23, S.I. No. 469 of 2010.
( a) of an Irish ship, or
( b) of a ship registered in a state that is not a State Party,
( a) has a gross tonnage greater than 1,000, and
( b) does not have on board a certificate issued by the Minister under this section,
( a) is located in the State,
( b) has a gross tonnage greater than 1,000, and
( c) does not have on board a certificate that complies with, and is issued in accordance with Article 7 of the Convention,
( d) the judgment has been affirmed or varied on appeal by the Convention court hearing such appeal, and—
(6) A final judgment in respect of which an order under subsec tion (5) has been made shall, to the extent to which the enforcement of that judgment is authorised by the enforcement order, be of the same force and effect as if the judgment were a judgment of the High Court.
11.— The Council Regulation and the European Communities (Civil and Commercial Judgments) Regulations 2002 (S.I. No. 52 of 2002) apply in respect of a judgment of a court or tribunal of a Member State other than a court or tribunal of a territory of a Member State to which the Council Regulation does not apply.
(2) ( a) Where, on an application for an order under section 10 , it is shown that, in accordance with the law of the State Party in which the judgment was given, interest on a sum, the payment of which is provided for in the judgment, is recoverable under the judgment at a particular rate or rates and from a particular date or time, then the order, if made, shall provide that—
(i) the person by whom that sum is payable shall also be liable to pay the interest on it apart from any interest on costs recoverable by virtue of subsection (1) , in accordance with the particulars noted in the order, and
( b) Where the judgment debtor has limited his or her liability in accordance with the applicable limitation regime in force pursuant to Article 6 of the Convention the aggregate of the interest payable by virtue of this subsection and the amount of compensation payable by the judgment debtor in respect of the incident concerned shall not exceed the maximum amount of compensation payable under that Article in respect of any one incident caused by bunker oil carried on board the ship concerned.
( a) a duly certified copy of the judgment to which the application relates;
( b) in the case of a judgment that was given in default of appearance or defence, a duly certified copy of the document that establishes that the party in default was duly served with the document instituting the proceedings to which the judgment relates, or had notice of the proceedings or the document; and
( b) a document purporting to be a copy of a document specified in subsection (1) (b) shall be deemed to be duly certified if it purports to be certified by a person, who in relation to the Convention court concerned, performs functions the same as or similar to those performed in relation to a court in this State by the registrar or clerk of it, as being a true copy of such document.
( a) stop any ship,
( b) board any ship,
( c) inspect and examine the ship,
( d) inspect and take copies of, or extracts from, the ship’s log (if any) and the ship’s manifest (if any) and any other records or documents on board the ship relating to the ship, its owner, bareboat charterer (if any), or master,
( e) require the master or any member of the crew of the ship to furnish him or her with such information or documents and give such assistance as he or she may reasonably require for the purpose of carrying out functions under this Part,
( f) detain a ship in accordance with section 15 .
( a) obstructs or interferes with an inspector in the performance of his or her functions under this Part, or
( b) fails or refuses to comply with a requirement of an inspector under subsection (4) ,
15.— (1) Where an inspector, in exercise of the powers conferred on him or her by this Part, has detained a ship and the persons on board the ship at a port or other place in the State because of his or her suspicion that an offence under section 9 or 14 has been committed, the inspector shall (unless proceeding under subsection (2) ), as soon as may be, apply to a judge of the District Court for an order authorising the continued detention of the ship and those persons. The judge may grant an order authorising such detention for a period of 48 hours if he or she is satisfied that the applicant inspector has such a suspicion.
(3) Where an inspector, pursuant to an order under subsection (1) , continues to detain a ship and the persons on board the ship at a port or other place in the State, an inspector may bring the master and any other persons on board the ship, against whom proceedings for an offence under section 9 or 14 (6) have been or are about to be instituted, before a judge of the District Court and such judge shall—
(4) Where an order is made under subsection (2) or (3) , a judge of the District Court or, as may be appropriate, the judge of the court adjudicating upon proceedings referred to in those subsections or that has adjudicated upon such proceedings, may by order direct an inspector to release the ship to which the order applies, subject to the giving of security, by or on behalf of the defendant, that in the opinion of the judge concerned would be adequate to provide for the payment of—
( a) in circumstances where—
( b) where the ship concerned is detained under section 15 (2) or 15 (3) the court shall by order direct an inspector to further detain the ship at a specified place in the State until such fine and costs (if any) are paid, and the inspector shall comply with such order;
(i) the payment in whole or in part of any moneys given as security in accordance with section 15 (4) , or
17.— (1) ( a) A person guilty of an offence under section 9 is liable—
( b) A person guilty of an offence under this Part (other than section 9 ) is liable—
(2) Section 13 of the Criminal Procedure Act 1967 shall apply in relation to an offence under this Part as if, in lieu of the penalties specified in subsection (3)( a) of that section, there were specified therein the penalties provided for in subsection (1) (a) (i) . The reference in section 13(2)( a) of the Criminal Procedure Act 1967 to the penalties provided for by subsection 3 of that section shall be construed and have effect accordingly.
(2) Notwithstanding section 10(4) of the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act 1851, summary proceedings for an offence under this Part may be instituted—
“Act of 1991” means the Sea Pollution Act 1991;
“Act of 1999” means the Sea Pollution (Amendment) Act 1999.
( a) in subsections (1) and (2) by substituting “as soon as possible” for “as soon as may be”,
( d) by inserting the following after subsection (3):
( e) in subsection (5) by substituting “operator, local authority or Irish ship concerned” for “operator or local authority concerned”.
( a) an oil pollution emergency plan, and
( b) a hazardous and noxious substances pollution emergency plan.
(2) ( a) The operator of an offshore unit or oil handling facility shall, in relation to the unit or handling facility concerned, have in place an oil pollution emergency plan.
( b) The operator of a hazardous and noxious substances handling facility shall, in relation to the handling facility concerned, have in place a hazardous and noxious substances pollution emergency plan.
( c) The master, or such other person as may have charge, of a relevant Irish ship shall ensure that there is on board the ship an oil pollution emergency plan and a hazardous and noxious substances pollution emergency plan in relation to the ship. Each such plan shall be in the English language.
( d) The master, or such other person as may have charge, of a ship registered in a country, other than the State, which is a party to the Convention shall ensure that there is on board the ship—
( e) Where the Minister has made regulations under paragraph ( f), the master, or such other person as may have charge, of a ship to which such regulations apply shall ensure that there is on board the ship—
( f) (i) In respect of a ship registered in a country which is not a party to the Convention, the Minister may by regulations require the master, or such other person as may have charge, of the ship, while that ship is in the State to have on board the ship—
( g) Paragraphs ( d), ( e) and ( f) apply only to a ship which is—
(3) ( a) Each local authority of which a requirement is made under section 2(3) shall, in relation to the area of seashore to which the requirement relates, have in place an oil pollution emergency plan.
( b) Each local authority of which a requirement is made under section 2(3A) shall, in relation to the area of seashore to which the requirement relates, have in place a hazardous and noxious substances pollution emergency plan.
( a) enter at any time a relevant facility or ship, or any part thereof, for the purpose of exercising any powers conferred on him or her by this section,
( b) make inspections and carry out such tests as he or she thinks fit in relation to the carrying on of any activities in a relevant facility or ship, including the monitoring and assessment of the effects on the marine environment of such activities,
( c) make such inspections and carry out such tests in a relevant facility or ship as he or she thinks fit for the purposes of monitoring and assessing the effects on the marine environment of any oil pollution incident or a pollution incident by hazardous and noxious substances,
( d) require any person in a relevant facility or ship to produce to him or her such documents, records or materials as are in that person’s possession or control relating to any plan which is required to be kept on board the relevant facility or ship and to give to him or her such information as he or she may reasonably require in respect of such documents, records or materials, or
( e) require any person holding any position of authority or responsibility in relation to the implementation of any plan referred to in paragraph ( d) to give to him or her such information as he or she may reasonably require in relation to the procedures employed or steps taken to ensure the carrying out of and compliance with such plan.
( a) a harbour;
( b) an offshore unit;
( c) an oil handling facility;
( d) a hazardous and noxious substances handling facility;
( e) a relevant Irish ship;
( f) a ship to which one or more of paragraphs ( d), ( e) and ( f) of section 3(2) applies.”.
23.— Section 25 of the Act of 1991 is amended in subsection (1A) (inserted by section 5( b) of the Act of 1999)—
( a) by inserting “or hazardous and noxious substances handling facility” after “oil handling facility”, and
( b) in paragraph ( b) by inserting “or pollution incident by hazardous and noxious substances” after “oil pollution incident”.
( a) in both subsections (1)( a) and (3)( a) by inserting “or a hazardous and noxious substances pollution emergency plan” after “oil pollution emergency plan”,
( b) in both subsections (1)( b) and (3)( b) by inserting “or a pollution incident by hazardous and noxious substances” after “oil pollution incident”, and
( c) by substituting the following for subsection (2):
( a) give a direction in writing to the operator of an offshore unit, oil handling facility or hazardous and noxious substances handling facility or to the master, or such other person as may have charge, of a relevant Irish ship requiring the operator, master or other person concerned to make such modifications or alterations to either or both an oil pollution emergency plan and a hazardous and noxious substances pollution emergency plan in respect of the offshore unit, handling facility or relevant Irish ship, as the case may be, under the control of the operator, or the master or such other person, as the Minister deems appropriate, or
( b) in relation to an offshore unit, oil handling facility, hazardous and noxious substances handling facility or relevant Irish ship, give a direction (in writing or otherwise) to the operator of such offshore unit or handling facility or to the master, or such other person as may have charge, of a relevant Irish ship, as the case may be, to do or refrain from doing anything, the doing or refraining from doing of which is, in the opinion of the Minister, necessary or expedient for the purposes of responding to an oil pollution incident or a pollution incident by hazardous and noxious substances in or on the offshore unit, handling facility or relevant Irish ship concerned.”.
25.— The Act of 1991 is amended by substituting the following for section 13 (inserted by section 7( a) of the Act of 1999):
( a) resulting in a discharge, in the State or a prescribed area, of hazardous and noxious substances or a pollutant or, in the event that a regulation has been made under section 10, a quantity of a pollutant in excess of that permitted under such a regulation, from a ship, or
( b) giving rise to circumstances from which it is reasonable to infer that there is likely to be such a discharge, in the State or a prescribed area, from a ship,
( a) on receipt of a report under subsection (1) or (2),
( b) on being informed of an incident resulting in a discharge, in the harbour concerned, of hazardous and noxious substances or a pollutant or, in the event that a regulation has been made under section 10, a quantity of a pollutant in excess of that permitted under such a regulation, or the existence of circumstances from which it is reasonable to infer that there is likely to be a discharge of hazardous and noxious substances or a pollutant or quantity of a pollutant in excess of that permitted under section 10 in the harbour, or
( c) on observing an incident referred to in paragraph ( b), or hazardous and noxious substances or a pollutant or, in the event that a regulation has been made under section 10, a quantity of a pollutant in excess of that permitted under such a regulation in the sea, within the harbour,
26.— The Act of 1991 is amended by substituting the following for section 13A (inserted by section 7( b) of the Act of 1999):
( a) resulting in a discharge, outside the State or a prescribed area, of oil or hazardous and noxious substances from a ship, or
( b) giving rise to circumstances from which it is reasonable to infer that there is likely to be such a discharge, outside the State or a prescribed area, from a ship,
27.— The Act of 1991 is amended by substituting the following for section 13B (inserted by section 7( b) of the Act of 1999):
( a) resulting in a discharge of oil or hazardous and noxious substances in the State or a designated area, or
( b) giving rise to circumstances from which it is reasonable to infer that there is likely to be such a discharge in the State or a designated area,
( a) the placing, at such places in the State as may be specified therein, of such equipment and materials to be used in connection with the removal, degrading or disposal of discharges into the sea or onto land as may be specified in the plan,
( b) the training of such persons or classes of persons as may be specified in the plan in the use of equipment and materials to which paragraph ( a) applies, and generally in the carrying out of operations to prevent and minimise damage in the State resulting from discharges from ships, offshore units or handling facilities,
( c) the conducting of exercises by such persons or classes of persons and at such intervals as are specified in the plan to ensure the greater effectiveness of measures taken to prevent or minimise damage in the State resulting from discharges from ships, offshore units or handling facilities,
( d) the maintenance and improvement of co-operation and communication between persons required to comply with such provisions of the plan as are specified in a direction of the Minister under subsection (3), and
( e) the co-ordination of the activities of persons to whom paragraph ( d) applies, when carrying out operations to prevent and minimise damage in the State resulting from discharges from ships, offshore units or handling facilities.
( a) by inserting “or hazardous and noxious substances” after “discharge of oil”, and
( b) by substituting “, oil handling facility or hazardous and noxious substances handling facility,” for “or oil handling facility,”.
( a) in subsection (4) by substituting “ship;” for “ship.” in paragraph ( h) and by inserting the following after paragraph ( h):
“( i) the establishment and maintenance of a temporary exclusion zone around a maritime casualty or an offshore unit, oil handling facility or hazardous and noxious substances handling facility.”,
( b) in subsection (10), in the definition of “substance other than oil”, by inserting “, and includes hazardous and noxious substances” after “legitimate uses of the sea”.
( a) by inserting, before the definition of “discharge”, the following definitions:
“‘AFS Convention’ means the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems done at London on 5 October 2001;
‘anti-fouling system’ means a coating, paint, surface treatment, surface, or device that is used on a ship to control or prevent attachment of unwanted organisms;
‘ballast water management’ means mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological processes, either singularly or in combination, to remove, render harmless, or avoid the uptake or discharge of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens within ballast water and sediments;
‘BWM Convention’ means the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’Ballast Water and Sediments 2004 done at London on 13 February 2004;”,
( b) in the definition of “discharge” by substituting “sewage, garbage, substances subject to control by Annex VI to the MARPOL Convention, anti-fouling systems or ships’ ballast water and sediments” for “sewage or garbage”,
( c) by inserting, after the definition of “discharge”, the following definitions:
“‘harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens’ means aquatic organisms or pathogens which, if introduced into the sea, including estuaries, or into fresh water courses, may create hazards to the environment, human health, property or resources, impair biological diversity or interfere with other legitimate uses of such areas;
‘hazardous and noxious substances’ means any substance other than oil which, if introduced into the marine environment, is likely to create a hazard to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities or to interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea;
‘hazardous and noxious substances handling facility’ means a facility where hazardous and noxious substances are loaded into or unloaded from ships;
‘hazardous and noxious substances pollution emergency plan’ in relation to a harbour, offshore unit, oil handling facility, hazardous and noxious substances handling facility, Irish ship or an area of seashore in whole or in part within the functional area, or contiguous to the functional area, of a local authority, means a plan for the prevention and minimisation of damage arising out of a pollution incident by hazardous and noxious substances approved by the Minister under section 2 of the Sea Pollution (Amendment) Act 1999;”,
( d) by inserting, after the definition of “related interests”, the following definition:
“‘sediments’ means matter settled out of ballast water within a ship;”.
( a) by substituting the following for the definition of “the Convention”:
“‘Convention’ means the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation 1990, done at London on 30 November 1990 together with the Protocol done at London on 15 March 2000;”,
( b) by inserting the following after the definition of “harbour authority”:
“‘hazardous and noxious substances’ means any substance other than oil which, if introduced into the marine environment, is likely to create a hazard to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities or to interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea;
‘hazardous and noxious substances pollution emergency plan’ in relation to a harbour, offshore unit, oil handling facility, hazardous and noxious substances handling facility, Irish ship or an area of seashore in whole or in part within the functional area, or contiguous to the functional area, of a local authority, means a plan for the prevention and minimisation of damage arising out of a pollution incident by hazardous and noxious substances approved by the Minister under section 2 of this Act;”,
( c) in the definition of “oil pollution emergency plan” by inserting “, relevant Irish ship” after “oil handling facility”,
( d) by inserting the following after the definition of “oil pollution incident”:
“‘pollution incident by hazardous and noxious substances’ means any occurrence or series of occurrences having the same origin, including fire or explosion, which results or may result in a discharge, release or emission of hazardous and noxious substances and which poses or may pose a threat to the marine environment in the State, or to the coastline or related interests of one or more states, and which requires emergency action or immediate response;”,
( e) by inserting the following after the definition of “the Principal Act”:
“‘Protocol’ means the Protocol specified in the definition of ‘Convention’;
‘relevant Irish ship’ means an Irish ship which is—
( a) an oil tanker of not less than 150 tons gross tonnage, or
( b) a ship other than an oil tanker of not less than 400 tons gross tonnage;”.
( a) in subsections (1) and (4) of section 10, paragraphs ( a) and ( b) of section 11, subsections (1)( a) and (3) of section 12 and sections 13(6), 14(1) and 19( b), by substituting “sewage, garbage, substances subject to control by Annex VI to the MARPOL Convention, anti-fouling systems or ships’ ballast water and sediments” for “sewage or garbage”,
( b) in section 12(2)( a), by substituting “sewage, garbage, substances subject to control by Annex VI to the MARPOL Convention, anti-fouling systems and ships’ ballast water and sediments” for “sewage and garbage”,
( c) in paragraphs ( d) and ( g) of subsection (2) of section 21 and section 25(1)( a) by substituting “sewage, garbage, substances subject to control by Annex VI to the MARPOL Convention or anti-fouling systems” for “sewage or garbage”, and
( d) in section 28( a) by inserting “, the AFS Convention, the BWM Convention” after “MARPOL Convention”.
( a) a harbour authority within the meaning of section 2 of the Harbours Act 1946,
( b) a company within the meaning of section 2, or
( c) the servants or agents of an authority or company to which paragraph ( a) or ( b) relates,
for the recovery of damages in respect of any injury to persons, damage to property or other loss alleged to have been caused or contributed to by a failure to perform or to comply with any of the functions conferred on them under the Dangerous Substances Act 1972.”.
Section 7 (2) .
( a) loss or damage caused outside the ship by contamination resulting from the escape or discharge of bunker oil from the ship, wherever such escape or discharge may occur, provided that compensation for impairment of the environment other than loss of profit from such impairment shall be limited to costs of reasonable measures of reinstatement actually undertaken or to be undertaken; and
( b) the costs of preventive measures and further loss or damage caused by preventive measures.
( a) to pollution damage caused:
( b) to preventive measures, wherever taken, to prevent or minimize such damage.
( c) the damage was wholly caused by the negligence or other wrongful act of any Government or other authority responsible for the maintenance of lights or other navigational aids in the exercise of that function.
( a) name of ship, distinctive number or letters and port of registry;
( b) name and principal place of business of the registered owner;
( e) name and principal place of business of insurer or other person giving security and, where appropriate, place of business where the insurance or security is established;
( f) period of validity of the certificate which shall not be longer than the period of validity of the insurance or other security.
3. ( a) A State Party may authorize either an institution or an organization recognized by it to issue the certificate referred to in paragraph 2. Such institution or organization shall inform that State of the issue of each certificate. In all cases, the State Party shall fully guarantee the completeness and accuracy of the certificate so issued and shall undertake to ensure the necessary arrangements to satisfy this obligation.
( b) A State Party shall notify the Secretary-General of:
( c) The institution or organization authorized to issue certificates in accordance with this paragraph shall, as a minimum, be authorized to withdraw these certificates if the conditions under which they have been issued are not maintained. In all cases the institution or organization shall report such withdrawal to the State on whose behalf the certificate was issued.
1. Where an incident has caused pollution damage in the territory, including the territorial sea, or in an area referred to in article 2( a)(ii) of one or more States Parties, or preventive measures have been taken to prevent or minimise pollution damage in such territory, including the territorial sea, or in such area, actions for compensation against the shipowner, insurer or other person providing security for the shipowner’s liability may be brought only in the courts of any such States Parties.
( a) where the judgment was obtained by fraud; or
( b) where the defendant was not given reasonable notice and a fair opportunity to present his or her case.
( a) signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval;
( a) in the definition of “registered owner” in article 1(4), references to a State shall be construed as references to such a territorial unit;
( b) references to the State of a ship’s registry and, in relation to a compulsory insurance certificate, to the issuing or certifying State, shall be construed as referring to the territorial unit respectively in which the ship is registered and which issues or certifies the certificate;
( c) references in this Convention to the requirements of national law shall be construed as references to the requirements of the law of the relevant territorial unit; and
( d) references in articles 9 and 10 to courts, and to judgments which must be recognized in States Parties, shall be construed as references respectively to courts of, and to judgments which must be recognized in, the relevant territorial unit.
( a) inform all States which have signed or acceded to this Convention of:
( b) transmit certified true copies of this Convention to all Signatory States and to all States which accede to this Convention.