Source: http://www.govpulse.us/entries/2005/11/30/05-23387/manufactured-home-construction-and-safety-standards
Timestamp: 2015-01-31 16:08:27
Document Index: 30990528

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 3282', '§ 3282', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', 'art 3280', 'art 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', 'art:\n6', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280', '§ 3280']

govpulse | Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards
II. Analysis of Public Comments ↑
The Commenters ↑
Whole-House Ventilation Comments ↑
Comment: The current requirement for balanced mechanical ventilation systems should not be deleted. Two commenters wrote that permitting any pressure imbalance provides the opportunity for unwanted humid air infiltration and would be detrimental to homes sited in Thermal Zone I.
HUD Response: The final rule does not eliminate the requirement for balanced mechanical systems. Retention of the requirement in the final rule better ensures that unwanted air infiltration is not introduced into the home. A HUD study entitled, “Alternatives for Minimizing Moisture Problems in Hot, Humid Climates (2003)” found that the most significant factors contributing to moisture problems were pressure imbalances in a house, including imbalances caused by uneven distribution of conditioned air; duct air leakage; and leakage through building walls.
Fireblocking Comments ↑
Body and Frame Requirement Comments ↑
A. Body and Frame Requirements—Alternative Test Procedures ↑
Comment: DAPIAs should be allowed to approve alternate test methods. One commenter wrote that MHCC unanimously approved delegating approval to DAPIAs in its recommendation to HUD and still stands by that position. The commenter explained that HUD currently relies on DAPIAs to review and accept or reject all drawings, calculations, etc., supplied by the manufacturer for the home design. Another commenter stated that current regulations at §§ 3282.203(b)(11) and 3282.361(b)(2) require the homebuilder to submit reports for all tests and submit all design drawings and that § 3282.203(c) provides the necessary regulations to carry out the quality assurance manual approvals, such as review and approval of the designs, testing, etc., used by manufacturers to build according to the Construction and Safety Standards. Commenters noted that they believe this authorization to be in line with current DAPIA authority and that HUD has sufficient remedies under the regulations to deal with a DAPIA's poor performance in any area of responsibility. Two commenters also wrote that it sometimes takes an extremely long period of time for HUDto finally approve a suggested new method, thereby holding up the implementation of the material, component, or system being proposed by a manufacturer, and that DAPIAs are the most likely group to make informed decisions since they are familiar with the particular manufacturer and its design process. Another commenter wrote that “[i]n a word, the system was working fine before HUD added this pre-approval criteria to 303(g) about 10 years ago and it will work fine once this item is eliminated.” Another commenter explained that HUD should consider the changes in the law contained in the amendments made to the Act. Specifically, section 604(b)(3) of the Act calls for MHCC review of “interpretative bulletins.” Requiring HUD staff to pre-approve these test procedures could be considered equivalent to the issuance of interpretative bulletins. Another commenter wrote that HUD has interpreted § 3280.303(g) to mean that only manufacturers, not suppliers, can request such testing work be done. That has necessitated suppliers having to “recruit” cooperative manufacturers to “sponsor” the test requests for the benefit of the industry. This has caused unnecessary delay that could be eliminated by DAPIAs simply working with the technical staff of a supplier to develop a “universally acceptable” test protocol.
B. Body and Frame Requirements—Structural Design Requirements ↑
Comment: The load path for foundation and anchorage systems described in § 3280.305(e)(1) is a goodidea. One commenter wrote that the proposal for foundation and anchorage systems provides consistency within the industry.
Formaldehyde Health Notice Comments ↑
Comment: The decision to continue to post the Health Notice in each manufactured home as described in§ 3280.309 is contradictory to MHCC's recommendation. One commenter wrote that HUD rejected the proposed MHCC recommendation not to prominently display the Health Notice in each manufactured home. The commenter stated that, contrary to HUD's assertion that MHCC did not provide any data supporting its recommendation to remove the requirement, MHCC discussed this issue with HUD at MHCC meetings in 2004, and reviewed several documents related to formaldehyde. The commenter stressed that it is not recommending any changes to the current standards regarding the formaldehyde emission controls; the commenter is only recommending changes to the Health Notice. The commenter continued by stating that all of this information was considered by MHCC in coming to its decision to require that the Health Notice on formaldehyde be placed in the homeowner's packet rather than having it prominently displayed in the home.
HUD Response: HUD had not accepted for inclusion in the proposed rule MHCC's proposal to remove the requirement to temporarily post a Health Notice on formaldehyde emissions in each manufactured home (24 CFR 3280.309), because HUD has not found it supported by a sufficient factual and scientific record. As indicated in the proposed rule, a determination to discontinue the Health Notice would require a similar level of factual and scientific support that was provided to HUD when the rule was being promulgated. As also indicated in the proposed rule, HUD recognizes that improvements have been made in particleboard and plywood panel processing resulting in lower emission levels than from panels bonded with UF resin systems that were available at the time of the implementation of the Department's formaldehyde emission control requirements. HUD also recognizes that the measured formaldehyde concentration levels in manufactured homes produced since 1985 is significantly lower than in homes built prior to the implementation of the Construction and Safety Standards. HUD is also aware, however, that the sample of homes studied, as indicated in the MHRA report referenced in the comments [“Formaldehyde Concentrations in Manufactured Homes, The Current Situation”] is extremely small in comparison to the large number of homes produced during the same periodand that the sample of homes studied were subject to a variety of testing parameters and measurement methods. This leaves some question as to the statistical validity and overall confidence in the test results due to the relatively small sample size of homes evaluated. Further, even the MHRA report states: “The health consequences of various formaldehyde levels continue to be a topic of debate among researchers. Particularly, at very low concentration levels (below 0.1PPM) there is no consensus on safe levels of durations of environmental formaldehyde exposure.” However, as indicated in the preamble of the final rule on formaldehyde in 1984, there is a sector of the population that has greater sensitivity to and is at more risk of formaldehyde's irritant effects and that will react adversely to formaldehyde at extremely low levels of exposure. This includes the elderly, young children, and individuals with a history of asthma, allergies, or lung problems. The purpose of the Health Notice is to advise prospective purchasers that the home contains materials that emit formaldehyde and to describe acute symptoms that may occur under formaldehyde exposure for those individuals who may be at greater risk.
Roof Truss Testing Requirement Comments ↑
Two commenters asked specifically why the new roof truss test procedures as described in § 3280.402 are needed. The commenters wrote that they do not see any information indicating thattrusses are failing. They further inquired whether the study referred to in the proposal was conducted during the 1980s? If so, today's trusses are much improved from the trusses referred to in that study. Also, deleting the 1.75 proof tests will limit existing designs and prevent new innovative designs by increasing the top and bottom chord sizes. This deletion will create criteria that are more stringent than and inconsistent with those model building codes that require only a minimum test period of ten seconds for test loads equal to 1.5 times the design wind load. Two commenters wrote that these new criteria will create a huge backlog in truss retesting and redesign, adding to the costs that could be passed on to the consumer. Further, assuming the time frame to perform this task is set at 180 days, that is not enough time to complete the reviews, retests, and approvals. Two commenters wrote that low-sloped cathedral designs, which are common in the industry, will be eliminated. One commenter wrote that the proposed truss testing change should be returned to MHCC for further evaluation. The same commenter wrote that HUD should continue to allow the 1.75 proof load test, because the added costs of eliminating this acceptable test do not appear to be offset by safety considerations.
One commenter wrote that the uplift load test procedure for roof trusses as proposed in § 3280.402(e) makes it difficult to test and require a change of testing facilities. The test procedure for overload phase requirements increased to 2.5 times the new uplift load for one minute, which is an increase from the 1.75 overload factor of the current standard. Additionally, the test procedure has been revised to provide uplift to the top chord of the truss design and not the existing test set-up of inverting the truss and pushing down on the bottom chord. Truss designs may not be able to be tested due to their current configuration and may not provide flexibility in testing for the tension device placement as a 12-inch spacing might provide. Also, no testing facility that currently qualifies HUD Code home roof trusses would be capable for testing trusses as described by the revised test protocol without a lengthy process to change the test set-up. Another commenter wrote that there have been no documented truss failures due to existing design criteria since the uplift testing went into effect in 1994. The HUD proposal for testing uplift requires 1″ wide straps attached around the top chord at 6″ o.c. In some cases, truss designs with closely spaced verticals and webs will be physically impossible to test to the 6″ requirement. This requirement would limit truss design and innovation. Pulling up on straps at 12″ o.c. provides the same uplift load and similar results as pulling on the uplift straps 6″ o.c. Additionally, the proposed method requires cylinders spaced at 12″ o.c., to apply 6″ o.c. uplift strapping. This will require some truss manufacturers to redesign their current truss testing equipment, which commonly has cylinders at 24″ o.c. This retrofit will be costly and time consuming. One commenter wrote that compliance with the requirement cannot typically be achieved at panel point because of the width of connector plates. One commenter supported the conversion of the uplift test to a more reasonable appropriate uplift test. The commenter wrote that the spacing of the uplift points, however, appears to be too conservative. Instead of every 6″, itseems that every 12″ would be sufficient and be easier to convert existing testing equipment with hydraulic cylinders at 24″.
Thermal Protection Comments ↑
Comment: The focus of § 3280.504(b)(4) should be reducing air movement rather than vapor retarders. One commenter wrote that § 3280.504(b)(4) does not address any effective construction measure to reduce the larger problem of air movement into the wall cavity. In fact, the performance measure that would impact the reduction of air movement would be the use of a continuous air barrier. Homes with low permeable sheathings havebeen observed in the Gulf Coast, and they have experienced moisture problems because the wood sheathing is installed with a required gap to allow for expansion and contraction. These expansion and contraction seams should be the focus, not just vapor pressure. The much larger problem involves large pressure swings in homes where mechanical equipment is operated.
Plumbing Systems Comments ↑
Heating, Cooling, and Fuel Burning Requirement Comments ↑
HUD Response: Section 3280.709(h) of the final rule requires a corrosion-resistant water drip and collection pan to be installed under each water heater. Almost all electric or fossil fuel water heaters currently used in manufactured homes can be installed on a conventional water heater pan. Only a very small percentage of gas water heaters currently being used in manufactured homes cannot be set on a conventional pan due to an opening in the bottom of the water heater that is aligned with a hole in the bottom of the floor that draws combustion air into the appliance. Further, a drip pan could be designed to have a separate drain hole alongside the air inlet opening, which would allow those types of waterheaters to continue to be used. While the Construction and Safety Standards do require the floor decking directly under the water heater area to be moisture-resistant, the drip pan will help prevent water from collecting in the water heater compartment and circulating into surrounding areas, and being absorbed into surrounding gypsum panels, deteriorating and/or warping surrounding area floor decking, carpet, and padding. In addition, floor insulation and bottom board materials may also become saturated in surrounding areas due to the accumulation of water in the compartment, making those materials ineffective and possibly causing mold and mildew to form. The installation of the drip pan will enhance the home's durability at a minimal cost to consumers.
Electrical Systems Comments ↑
Comments Regarding Revisions to Standards Incorporated by Reference ↑
Comment: One commenter stated that the referenced standard for gas piping systems using corrugated stainless steel tubing, LC-1-1997, should be moved from the Appliances category under § 3280.703 to Ferrous Pipe and Fittings, which is a more appropriate category. In addition, this referenced standard should also include its addenda, i.e., LC-1a-1999, for completeness.
HUD Response: The final rule does not contain the reference standard for corrugated stainless steel tubing for use in gas piping systems, as the publication that was proposed to be included in the standards incorporated by reference was not available.
Other Public Comments ↑
Comments of the Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee ↑
Comment: Additional Testing is not needed for critical connections when engineering calculations are provided.
HUD Response: Please refer to the above discussion in Body and Frame Requirement Comments, Part B-3. Suitable load tests are now an alternative to engineering calculations rather than a mandatory provision in the final rule.
III. Section-by-Section Revisions ↑
A. Whole-House Ventilation ↑
B. Firestopping ↑
C. Body and Frame Requirements ↑
D. Subpart E—Testing ↑
E. Subpart F—Thermal Protection ↑
F. Subpart G—Plumbing Systems ↑
The final rule amends § 3280.607(a) by requiring the use of restricted flow faucets and showerheads and by adding a paragraph (b) to require the use of low water consumption water closets. This will conserve water and help assure continued availability of adequate water supplies, as well as reduce wastewater flows. The final rule will also include requirements for low consumptionwater closets (1.6 gallons per flush), and clarify that showerheads and faucets are also to meet updated requirements (maximum flow rate of 2.5 gallons per minute) for water conservation as required by the Energy Policy Act of 1992.
G. Subpart H—Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems ↑
H. Subpart I—Electrical Systems ↑
I. Revisions to Standards Incorporated by Reference (Reference Standards) ↑
IV. Findings and Certifications ↑
Regulatory Planning and Review ↑
Environmental Review ↑
Impact on Small Entities ↑
HUD, in cooperation with MHCC, previously conducted an economic cost impact analysis for this rule. A copy of the economic analysis is available forpublic inspection and copying between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. weekdays at the Regulations Division, Office of General Counsel, Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street, SW., Room 10276, Washington, DC 20410-0500. The economic analysis previously concluded the potential cost impact, based on a per home cost, to be approximately $77.28 to retailers and $96.60 to purchasers or an estimated annual cost impact of $13,137,600 to retailers and $16,422,000 to purchasers. This is based on an estimated annual production rate of 170,000 manufactured homes per year. HUD now estimates that the annual projected cost impacts indicated in the proposed rule have been reduced by more than 40 percent in the final rule, as a result of the removal of the revisions to the truss testing procedures from the final rule. Further, the final cost estimates would be even lower today based on present annual production rates, which range between 130,000 and 140,000 homes per year. In addition, the cost of the paperwork burden associated with this rule is estimated to be approximately $112,000 for the entire industry, which is less than an additional $1.00 per unit. Additional information about the paperwork burden can be found in the Paperwork Reduction Act section of the preamble. This does not represent a significant economic effect on either an industry-wide or on a per-unit basis.
Executive Order 13132, Federalism ↑
V. Incorporation by Reference ↑
The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance number for ManufacturedHousing Construction and Safety Standards is 14.171.
List of subjects in 24 cfr part 3280 ↑
Part 3280—manufactured home construction and safety standards ↑
2. In § 3280.4(b), revise the address for HUD User and add the following organizations to the list in alphabetical order to read as follows:
§ 3280.4
3. In § 3280.103, revise paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§ 3280.103
(b)Whole-house ventilation. Each manufactured home must be provided with whole-house ventilation having a minimum capacity of 0.035 ft
4. In § 3280.202, revise the definition of “Limited combustible” and the definition of “Noncombustible material” to read as follows:
§ 3280.202
5. In § 3280.203, revise paragraph (a) introductory text to read as follows:
§ 3280.203
(a)Establishment of flame spread rating. The surface flame spread rating of interior-finish material must not exceed the value shown in § 3280.203(b) when tested by Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, ASTM E84-01, 2001, or Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials NFPA 255, 1996, except that the surface flame spread rating of interior-finish materials required by § 3280.203(b)(5) and (6) may be determined by using the Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, ASTM E 162-94. However, the following materials need not be tested to establish their flame spread rating unless a lower rating is required by the standards in this part:
6. Revise § 3280.206 to read as follows:
§ 3280.206
(a)General. Fireblocking must comply with the requirements of this section. The integrity of all fireblocking materials must be maintained.
(b)Fireblocking materials. Fireblocking must consist of the following materials:
(c)Fireblocking locations.(1) Fireblocking must be installed in concealed spaces of stud walls, partitions, and furred spaces at the floor and ceiling levels. Concealed spaces must not communicate between floor levels. Concealed spaces must not communicate between a ceiling level and a concealed roof area, or an attic space.
(3) Fireblocking must be installed around the openings for pipes, vents,and other penetrations in walls, floors, and ceilings of furnace and water heater spaces. Pipes, vents, and other penetrations that cannot be moved freely within their opening are considered to be fireblocked. Materials used to fireblock heat producing vent penetrations must be noncombustible or limited combustible types.
7. In § 3280.207, revise paragraph (a)(4) introductory text to read as follows:
§ 3280.207
8. In § 3280.303, paragraph (g) is revised to read as follows:
§ 3280.303
(g)Alternative test procedures. In the absence of recognized testing procedures either in the Standards in this part or in the applicable provisions of those standards incorporated in this part by reference, the manufacturer electing this option must develop or cause to be developed testing procedures to demonstrate the structural properties and significant characteristics of the material, assembly, subassembly component, or member, except for testing methods involving one-piece metal roofing as would be required in § 3280.305(c)(1)(iii). Such testing procedures become part of the manufacturer's approved design. Such tests must be witnessed by an independent licensed professional engineer or architect or by a recognized testing organization. Copies of the test results must be kept on file by the manufactured home manufacturer.
§ 3280.304
Aluminum ↑
Steel ↑
Wood and Wood Products ↑
Fasteners ↑
Unclassified ↑
10. In § 3280.305:
Old paragraphNew paragraph
§ 3280.305
(A)North Roof Load Zone. The following counties in each of the following states are deemed to be within the North Roof Load Zone:
Alaska—All Counties ↑
(B)Middle Roof Load Zone. The following counties in each of the following states are deemed to be within the Middle Roof Load Zone:
(C)South Roof Load Zone. The states and counties that are not listed for the North Roof Load Zone in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(A) of this section, or the Middle Roof Load Zone in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(B) of this section, are deemed to be within the South Roof Load Zone.
(e)Fastening of structural systems.(1) Roof framing must be securely fastened to wall framing, walls to floor structure, and floor structure to chassis, to secure and maintain continuity between the floor and chassis in order to resist wind overturning, uplift, and sliding, and to provide continuous load paths for these forces to the foundation or anchorage system. The number and type of fasteners used must be capable of transferring all forces between elements being joined.
(j)Welded connections.(1) All welds must be made in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design, AISC-S335, 1989; the Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, AISI, 1996; and the Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members, SEI/ASCE 8-02, 2002.
11. In § 3280.306, revise paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows:
§ 3280.306
(b)Contents of instructions.(1) The manufacturer must provide printed instructions with each manufactured home that specify the location and required capacity of stabilizing devices on which the home's design is based. The manufacturer must identify by paint, label, decal stencil, or other means: the location of each column support pier location required along the marriage line(s) of multi-section manufactured homes; each pier location required along the perimeter of the home; each required shear wall pier support; and any other special pier support locations specified in the manufacturer's printed instructions. Such identifications must be visible after the home is installed. The manufacturer must provide drawings and specifications, certified by a registered professional engineer or architect, that indicate at least one acceptable system of anchoring, including the details or required straps or cables, their end connections, and all other devices needed to transfer the wind loads from the manufactured home to an anchoring or foundation system.
12. In § 3280.401, revise paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:
§ 3280.401
(a)Proof load tests. Every structural assembly tested must be capable of sustaining its dead load plus superimposed live loads equal to 1.75 times the required live loads for a period of 12 hours without failure. Tests must be conducted with loads applied and deflections recorded in1/4design live load increments at 10-minute intervals until 1.25 times design live load plus dead load has been reached. Additional load shall then be applied continuously until 1.75 times design live load plus dead load has been reached. Assembly failure shall be considered as design live load deflection (or residual deflection measured 12 hours after live load removal) that is greater than the limits set in § 3280.305(d), rupture, fracture, or excessive yielding. Design live load deflection criteria do not apply when the structural assembly being evaluated does not include structural framing members. An assembly to be tested shall be of the minimum quality of materials and workmanship of the production. Each test assembly, component, or subassembly shall be identified as to type and quality or grade of material. All assemblies, components, or subassemblies qualifying under this test shall be subject to a continuing qualification testing program acceptable to HUD.
(b)Ultimate load tests. Ultimate load tests must be performed on a minimum of three assemblies or components to generally evaluate the structural design. Every structural assembly or component tested must be capable of sustaining its total dead load plus the design live load increased by a factor of safety of at least 2.5. A factor of safety greater than 2.5 shall be used when required by an applicable reference standard in § 3280.304(b)(1). Tests shall be conducted with loads applied and deflections recorded in 1/4 design live load increments at 10-minute intervalsuntil 1.25 times design live load plus dead load has been reached. Additional loading shall then be applied continuously until failure occurs, or the total of the factor of safety times the design live load plus the dead load is reached. Assembly failure shall be considered as design live load deflection greater than the limits set in § 3280.305(d), rupture, fracture, or excessive yielding. Design live load deflection criteria do not apply when the structural assembly being evaluated does not include structural framing members. Assemblies to be tested shall be representative of average quality or materials and workmanship of the production. Each test assembly, component, or subassembly shall be identified as to type and quality or grade of material. All assemblies, components, or subassemblies qualifying under this test shall be subject to a periodic qualification testing program acceptable to HUD.
13. In § 3280.403, revise paragraph (b), paragraph (d)(2), and paragraph (e) to read as follows:
§ 3280.403
(b)Standard. All primary windows and sliding glass doors shall comply with AAMA 1701.2-95, Voluntary Standard Primary Window and Sliding Glass Door for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, except the exterior and interior pressure tests must be conducted at the design wind loads required for components and cladding specified in § 3280.305(c)(1).
(e)Certification. All primary windows and sliding glass doors to be installed in manufactured homes must be certified as complying with AAMA 1701.2-95. This certification must be based on tests conducted at the design wind loads specified in § 3280.305(c)(1).
14. In § 3280.404, revise paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§ 3280.404
(b)Performance. Egress windows including auxiliary frame and seals, if any, shall meet all requirements of AAMA 1701.2-95, Voluntary Standard Primary Window and Sliding Glass Door for Utilization in Manufactured Housing and AAMA Standard 1704-1985, Voluntary Standard Egress Window Systems for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, except the exterior and interior pressure tests for components and cladding must be conducted at the design wind loads required by § 3280.305(c)(1).
15. In § 3280.405, revise paragraphs (b), (c) and (e) to read as follows:
§ 3280.405
(b)Performance requirements. The design and construction of exterior door units must meet all requirements of AAMA 1702.2-95, Voluntary Standard Swinging Exterior Passage Door for Utilization in Manufactured Housing.
(c)Materials and methods. Any material or method of construction shall conform to the performance requirements as outlined in paragraph (b) of this section. Plywood shall be exterior type and preservative treated in accordance with NWWDA I.S.4-81, Water Repellent Preservative Non-Pressure Treatment for Millwork.
(e)Certification. All swinging exterior doors to be installed in manufactured homes must be certified as complying with AAMA 1702.2-95, Voluntary Standard Swinging Exterior Passage Door for Utilization in Manufactured Housing.
16. In § 3280.406, revise the introductory text in paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§ 3280.406
(b)Testing. Testing must be conducted in accordance with the Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Levels from Wood Products Under Defined Test Conditions Using a Large Chamber, ASTM E 1333-96, with the following exceptions:
17. In § 3280.504, revise paragraph (a)(1) and paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§ 3280.504
(a)Ceiling vapor retarders.(1) In U o Value Zones 2 and 3, ceilings must have a vapor retarder with a permeance of not greater than 1 perm (as measured by ASTM E 96-95 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials) installed on the living space side of the roof cavity.
(b)Exterior walls.(1) Exterior walls must have a vapor retarder with a permeance no greater than 1 perm (dry cup method) installed on the living space side of the wall; or
(3) Wall cavities must be constructed so that ventilation is provided to dissipate any condensation occurring in these cavities; or
(4) Homes manufactured to be sited in “humid climates” or “fringe climates” as shown on the Humid and Fringe Climate Map in this paragraph are permitted to have a vapor retarder specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section installed on the exterior side of the wall insulation or be constructed with an external covering and sheathing with a combined permeance of not greater than 1.0 perms, provided the interior finish and interior wall panel materials have a combined permeance of not less than 5.0 perms. The following need not meet the minimum combined permeance rating of not less than 5.0 perms for interior finish or wall panel materials:
[The GPO has not yet made images accessible. Image ER30NO05.067] (5) The following areas of local governments (counties or similar areas, unless otherwise specified), listed by state are deemed to be within the humid and fringe climate areas shown on the Humid and Fringe Climate Map in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, and the vapor retarder or construction methods specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this section may be applied to homes built to be sited within these jurisdictions:
Alabama ↑
Hawaii ↑
18. In § 3280.508, revise paragraphs (a), (b), and (e) to read as follows:
§ 3280.508
19. In § 3280.510, add paragraph (d) to read as follows:
§ 3280.510
20. In § 3280.604, revise paragraph (b)(2) and the table following paragraph (b)(2) to read as follows:
§ 3280.604
Ferrous Pipe and Fittings ↑
Nonferrous Pipe and Fittings ↑
Plastic Pipe and Fittings ↑
Performance Requirements for Air Admittance Valves for Plumbing Drainage Systems, Fixture and Branch Devices—ASSEStandard #1051, 1990 Revised: 1996/ANSI 1998.
Plumbing Fixtures ↑
21. In § 3280.607, add new paragraph (a)(6), redesignate paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) through (v) as paragraphs (b)(2)(iv) through (vi), respectively, add new paragraph (b)(2)(iii), and revise paragraph (c)(6)(iv) to read as follows:
§ 3280.607
(6)Water conservation. All lavatory faucets, showerheads, and sink faucets must not exceed a flow of 2.5 gallons per minute (gpm).
(iv)Electrical. Wiring must comply with the National Electrical Code NFPA 70-1996, Section 680G.
22. In § 3280.703, revise the table following the introductory text to read as follows:
§ 3280.703
Appliances ↑
Nonferrous Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings ↑
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes—ASTM B251-93.
23. In § 3280.704, revise paragraph (b)(5)(i) to read as follows:
§ 3280.704
(5)LP-gas safety devices.(i) DOT containers must be provided with safety relief devices as required by the regulation of the U.S. Department of Transportation. ASME containers must be provided with relief valves in accordance with subsection 2.3.2 of NFPA 58-2001, Standard for the Storage and Handling Liquefied Petroleum Gases. Safety relief valves must have direct communication with the vapor space of the vessel.
24. In § 3280.705, revise paragraphs (b)(3), (b)(4), (c)(2), (l)(1), (l)(2)(ii), and (l)(3) to read as follows:
§ 3280.705
25. In § 3280.706, revise paragraph (b)(3) to read as follows:
§ 3280.706
26. In § 3280.707, revise paragraph (f) to read as follows:
§ 3280.707
(f)Oil-fired heating equipment. All oil-fired heating equipment must conform to Liquid Fuel-burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicles, UL 307A—1995, with 1997 revisions, and be installed in accordance with Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning Equipment, NFPA 31-1997. Regardless of the requirements of the above-referenced standards, or any other standards referenced in this part, the following are not required:
27. In § 3280.709, add paragraph (h) to read as follows:
§ 3280.709
(h) A corrosion resistant water drip collection and drain pan must beinstalled under each water heater that will allow water leaking from the water heater to drain to the exterior of the manufactured home, or to a drain.
28. In § 3280.714, revise paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows:
§ 3280.714
29. In § 3280.715, revise paragraph (c), the introductory text of paragraph (e), and paragraph (e)(1) to read as follows:
§ 3280.715
(c)Joints and seams. Joints and seams of sheet metal and factory-made flexible ducts, including trunks, branches, risers, crossover ducts, and crossover duct plenums, shall be mechanically secured and made substantially airtight. Slip joints in sheet metal ducts shall have a lap of at least one inch and shall be mechanically fastened. Tapes or caulking compounds shall be permitted to be used for sealing mechanically secure joints. Sealants and tapes shall be applied only to surfaces that are dry and dust-, dirt-, oil-, and grease-free. Tapes and mastic closure systems for use with factory-made rigid fiberglass air ducts and air connectors shall be listed in accordance with UL Standard 181A-1994, with 1998 revisions. Tapes and mastic closure systems used with factory-made flexible air ducts and air connectors shall be listed in accordance with UL Standard 181B-1995, with 1998 revisions.
(e)Registers and grilles. Fittings connecting the registers and grilles to the duct system must be constructed of metal or material that complies with the requirements of Class 1 or 2 ducts under UL 181-1996 with 1998 revisions, Factory Made Air Ducts and Connectors. Air supply terminal devices (registers) when installed in kitchen, bedrooms, and bathrooms must be equipped with adjustable closeable dampers. Registers or grilles must be constructed of metal or conform with the following:
30. In § 3280.801, revise paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:
§ 3280.801
31. In § 3280.803, redesignate the receptacle/cap illustration and caption that follows paragraph (g) to the end of paragraph (f), and revise the redesignated caption following the redesignated illustration, paragraph (k)(1), the introductory text of paragraph (k)(3), and paragraphs (k)(3)(ii) and (k)(3)(iii) to read as follows:
§ 3280.803
32. In § 3280.804, revise paragraph (a) and the first sentence of paragraph (k) to read as follows:
§ 3280.804
33. In § 3280.805, revise paragraph (a)(3)(iv) to read as follows:
§ 3280.805
34. In § 3280.806, revise paragraph (a)(2) and paragraph (d)(9) to read as follows:
§ 3280.806
35. In § 3280.807, revise paragraph (c) to read as follows:
§ 3280.807
36. In § 3280.808, revise paragraphs (a), (m), (o), and (q), remove paragraph (r), and re-designate paragraph (s) as paragraph (r), to read as follows:
§ 3280.808
37. In § 3280.811, revise the introductory text of paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§ 3280.811
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Publishing Agency:Department of Housing and Urban Development
Page: 72024-72052 (29 pages)
William W. Matchneer III, Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street, SW., Room 9162, Washington DC 20410; telephone (202) 708-6401 (this is not a toll-free number). Persons with hearing or speech impairments may access this number via TTY by calling the toll- free Federal Information Relay Service at (800) 877-8389.
24 CFR 3280.309
69 FR 70016
: Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (12/01/2004)
42 U.S.C. 5401
71 FR 19638: Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards Technical Correction (04/17/2006)
75 FR 34064: Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, Test Procedures for Roof Trusses (06/16/2010)
75 FR 39871: Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (07/13/2010)