Source: https://philippinecivillaw.wordpress.com/2010/03/09/book-4-obligations-contracts-4/
Timestamp: 2019-02-18 19:36:39
Document Index: 169752937

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 2216', 'Art. 2217', 'Art. 2218', 'Art. 2220', 'Art. 2221', 'Art. 2222', 'Art. 2223', 'Art. 2224', 'Art. 2225', 'Art. 2231', 'Art. 2232', 'Art. 2233', 'Art. 2234', 'Art. 2235']

Book 4: Obligations & Contracts | Civil Law of the Philippines
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March 9, 2010 · 9:15 am
Title XVIII. – DAMAGES
CHAPTER 3 > OTHER KINDS OF DAMAGES
Art. 2216. No proof of pecuniary loss is necessary in order that moral, nominal, temperate, liquidated or exemplary damages, may be adjudicated. The assessment of such damages, except liquidated ones, is left to the discretion of the court, according to the circumstances of each case.
SECTION 1. – Moral Damages
Art. 2217. Moral damages include physical suffering, mental anguish, fright, serious anxiety, besmirched reputation, wounded feelings, moral shock, social humiliation, and similar injury. Though incapable of pecuniary computation, moral damages may be recovered if they are the proximate result of the defendant’s wrongful act for omission.
Art. 2218. In the adjudication of moral damages, the sentimental value of property, real or personal, may be considered.
Art. 2220. Willful injury to property may be a legal ground for awarding moral damages if the court should find that, under the circumstances, such damages are justly due. The same rule applies to breaches of contract where the defendant acted fraudulently or in bad faith.
SECTION 2. – Nominal Damages
Art. 2221. Nominal damages are adjudicated in order that a right of the plaintiff, which has been violated or invaded by the defendant, may be vindicated or recognized, and not for the purpose of indemnifying the plaintiff for any loss suffered by him.
Art. 2222. The court may award nominal damages in every obligation arising from any source enumerated in Article 1157, or in every case where any property right has been invaded.
Art. 2223. The adjudication of nominal damages shall preclude further contest upon the right involved and all accessory questions, as between the parties to the suit, or their respective heirs and assigns.
SECTION 3. – Temperate or Moderate Damages
Art. 2224. Temperate or moderate damages, which are more than nominal but less than compensatory damages, may be recovered when the court finds that some pecuniary loss has been suffered but its amount can not, from the nature of the case, be provided with certainty.
Art. 2225. Temperate damages must be reasonable under the circumstances.
SECTION 4. – Liquidated Damages
SECTION 5. – Exemplary or Corrective Damages
Art. 2231. In quasi-delicts, exemplary damages may be granted if the defendant acted with gross negligence.
Art. 2232. In contracts and quasi-contracts, the court may award exemplary damages if the defendant acted in a wanton, fraudulent, reckless, oppressive, or malevolent manner.
Art. 2233. Exemplary damages cannot be recovered as a matter of right; the court will decide whether or not they should be adjudicated.
Art. 2234. While the amount of the exemplary damages need not be proved, the plaintiff must show that he is entitled to moral, temperate or compensatory damages before the court may consider the question of whether or not exemplary damages should be awarded. In case liquidated damages have been agreed upon, although no proof of loss is necessary in order that such liquidated damages may be recovered, nevertheless, before the court may consider the question of granting exemplary in addition to the liquidated damages, the plaintiff must show that he would be entitled to moral, temperate or compensatory damages were it not for the stipulation for liquidated damages.
Art. 2235. A stipulation whereby exemplary damages are renounced in advance shall be null and void.
Filed under 18. Damages
Tagged as 18. Damages, Book 4: Obligations & Contracts