Source: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2008/01/18/E8-803/approval-and-promulgation-of-air-quality-implementation-plans-designation-of-areas-for-air-quality
Timestamp: 2018-03-23 17:25:38
Document Index: 508768860

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 70', 'arts 50', 'arts 1', 'art 1', 'art 5', 'art 1', 'art 5', 'art 5', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 58', '§\u200981', 'art 58']

This rule is effective on March 18, 2008 without further notice, unless EPA receives adverse comments by February 19, 2008. If we receive such comments, we will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register to notify the public that this direct final rule will not take effect.
3396-3405 (10 pages)
FRL-8514-7
IV. EPA's Evaluation of the Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the San Manuel, Arizona SO2 Nonattainment Area
https://www.federalregister.gov/d/E8-803 https://www.federalregister.gov/d/E8-803
EPA is taking direct final action under the Clean Air Act to approve the Final State Implementation Plan Revision, San Manuel Sulfur Dioxide Nonattainment Area, March 2007 as a revision to the Arizona state implementation plan. The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality developed this plan to maintain the sulfur dioxide national ambient air quality standards in the San Manuel, Arizona area and to request redesignation of the area to attainment. The maintenance plan contains various elements, including contingency provisions that will be implemented if measured ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide are above certain trigger levels. EPA is also approving the State of Arizona's request for redesignation of the San Manuel area from nonattainment to attainment for the sulfur dioxide standards.
EPA is taking these actions consistent with provisions in the Clean Air Act that obligate the Agency to approve or disapprove submittals of revisions to state implementation plans and requests for redesignation. The intended effect is to redesignate the San Manuel, Arizona sulfur dioxide nonattainment area to attainment, and to provide for maintenance of the standard for the ten-year period following redesignation.
Submit comments, identified by docket number EPA-R09-OAR-2006-0214, by one of the following methods:
Marty Robin, Air Planning Office, (415) 972-3961 or by e-mail at robin.marty@epa.gov.
On June 7, 2007, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (“ADEQ” or “State”) submitted to EPA Region IX its Final Arizona State Implementation Plan Revision, San Start Printed Page 3397Manuel Sulfur Dioxide Nonattainment Area, March 2007 and its request for redesignation to attainment (“San Manuel SO2 Maintenance Plan” or “submittal”). The submittal summarizes the progress the State has made in attaining the 24-hour and annual average sulfur dioxide (SO2) national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) in the San Manuel nonattainment area in Pima and Pinal Counties, Arizona (“San Manuel area”) and includes a plan to assure continued attainment of the SO2 NAAQS for at least the next 10 years. The State's June 2007 submittal also requested the withdrawal of the June 2002 Final San Manuel Sulfur Dioxide Nonattainment Area State Implementation and Maintenance Plan. The June 2007 submittal updated the SIP to account for the closure of the dominant source of SO2 emissions, the BHP Billiton copper smelter. The March 2007 SIP revision contains current information and analyses which supercede the obsolete information in the June 2002 SIP.
In today's direct final action, we are approving ADEQ's June 7, 2007 submittal as a revision to the Arizona SIP and redesignating the San Manuel area from nonattainment to attainment for the SO2 NAAQS because we find that the San Manuel SO2 Maintenance Plan meets the requirements for maintenance plans under section 175A of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and that the San Manuel area qualifies for redesignation under CAA section 107(d)(3)(E).
The following section discusses the NAAQS for SO2, CAA requirements for state implementation plans, SO2 planning in Arizona generally and in the San Manuel area more specifically, and sources of emissions in the San Manuel area.
In the early 1970s, soon after the CAA Amendments of 1970 were passed, Arizona began developing air quality regulations that applied to all Arizona primary copper smelters, including the one operating at that time in San Manuel. These regulations focused on establishing an air quality monitoring network in the areas surrounding the smelters and determining the allowable emission rates from the smelters so that the SO2 NAAQS could be attained and maintained. Arizona submitted various SIP revisions during the 1970s to establish approvable emission limits for the primary copper smelters operating in the state. On September 20, 1979, the State submitted its SIP revision to EPA which contained its multi-point rollback (MPR) technique to establish operating limitations on smelters. After EPA's proposed conditional approval on November 30, 1981 (46 FR 58098), Arizona made necessary changes which corrected identified deficiencies. EPA granted full approval of the MPR-based SIP submittal on January 14, 1983 (48 FR 1717), but was not able to grant full approval to the SO2 SIPs for six smelter areas (including San Manuel) because they lacked a strategy for addressing fugitive sources of SO2.[1]
On November 1, 2004, EPA approved several revisions to the SO2 SIP, including fugitive emissions standards, site-specific requirements, and compliance and monitoring for existing primary copper smelters. See 69 FR 63321. In that same notice, EPA promulgated a limited approval/limited disapproval of Arizona Administrative Code (AAC) R18-2-Appendix 8, which sets out procedures for calculating sulfur emissions using a sulfur balance method. ADEQ subsequently corrected the identified deficiencies and EPA approved the new version of R18-2-Appendix 8 as a SIP revision on April 12, 2006, effective June 12, 2006. See 71 FR 18624.
Initially, the air quality planning area we refer to as the San Manuel SO2 nonattainment area comprised all of Pima and Pinal Counties (43 FR 8969; March 3, 1978) but at the request of the State of Arizona, the boundaries were subsequently reduced to eleven townships around the primary copper smelter located near San Manuel (44 FR 21261, April 10, 1979). In addition, four adjacent townships were designated as unclassified.[2] All but one of the townships that define the nonattainment area are located in southeastern Pinal County, with the remaining southernmost township located in neighboring Pima County. The current boundaries of the nonattainment and unclassified areas are codified at 40 CFR 81.303 and are defined as follows: “Does Not Meet Primary Standards”: T8S, R16E; T8S, R17E; T8S, R18E; T9S, R15E; T9S, R16E; T9S, R17E; T9S, R18E; T10S, R15E; T10S, R16E; T10S, R17E; T11S, R16E, and “Cannot Be Classified”: T10S, R18E; T11S, R17E; T12S, R16E; T12S, R17E.
In June of 2002, ADEQ submitted the Final San Manuel Sulfur Dioxide Nonattainment Area State Implementation and Maintenance Plan and redesignation request. Since then, the San Manuel copper smelter, the Start Printed Page 3398dominant source of emissions in the area, has permanently ceased operation. In January 2005, BHP Copper Inc. (BHP Billiton) notified ADEQ that the company intended to permanently cease operating the San Manuel smelter. As indicated in Appendix B of the current SIP submittal, in March 2005, ADEQ terminated the permit for the facility. The smelter stacks were dismantled in January 2007. The smelting facility cannot reopen without submitting New Source Review (NSR) and Title V (Part 70) permit applications to ADEQ.
Emissions inventories for the San Manuel Nonattainment Area demonstrate that, although there were other sources of SO2 emissions, the primary source of SO2 emissions in the San Manuel area while it was operating was the San Manuel smelter, which comprised more than 99.5 percent of total SO2 emissions in the nonattainment area. Data show that no other point, area, or mobile sources have contributed in the past or currently contribute to the same levels of SO2 emissions in the San Manuel Nonattainment Area as those attributed to the smelter. Figure 4.1 on page 30 of the SIP illustrates sulfur dioxide emissions levels for the San Manuel smelter from 1972 through 2005. Implementation of new emissions control technologies at the smelter in the mid 1970s and again in the late 1980s are clearly reflected in the resulting emissions reductions for these periods. Closure of the smelter reduced emissions by more than 10,000 tons of SO2 per year.
Arizona has requested that we redesignate the San Manuel SO2 nonattainment area to attainment. Any redesignation from nonattainment to attainment requires EPA to determine whether the requirements of CAA section 107(d)(3)(E) have been met. These criteria are: (1) At the time of the redesignation, we must find that the area has attained the relevant NAAQS; (2) the state must have a fully approved SIP for the area; (3) we must determine that the improvements in air quality are due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions resulting from implementation of the SIP and applicable federal regulations and other permanent and enforceable reductions; (4) the state must have met all the nonattainment area requirements applicable to the area; and (5) we must have fully approved a maintenance plan for the area under CAA section 175A.
To evaluate the State's redesignation request for the San Manuel area, we relied upon the Clean Air Act, particularly section 110 and part D (of title I), EPA's NAAQS and SIP regulations in 40 CFR parts 50 and 51, and guidance set forth in “General Preamble for the Implementation of Title I of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990” (57 FR 13498, April 16, 1992), and in the following EPA guidance documents: “Procedures for Processing Requests To Redesignate Areas to Attainment,” dated September 4, 1992, from John Calcagni, (“Calcagni Memo”), “Attainment Determination Policy for Sulfur Dioxide Nonattainment Areas,” dated January 26, 1995, from Sally L. Shaver, (“Shaver Memo”), and “Part D New Source Review (part D NSR) Requirements for Areas Requesting Redesignation to Attainment,” dated October 14, 1994, from Mary D. Nichols (“Nichols Memo”).
For the purposes of determining whether an area has attained the SO2 NAAQS, we require no fewer than two consecutive years of clean data (i.e., no violations) as recorded in AQS. In addition, to qualify for attainment determination purposes, the annual average and second-highest 24-hour average concentrations must be based upon hourly data that are at least 75 percent complete in each calendar quarter. See 40 CFR 50.4.
The State of Arizona began ambient SO2 monitoring in the San Manuel area as early as 1969. [3] Over time, an extensive monitoring network was developed with more than eighteen stationary and mobile monitoring sites. This ambient SO2 network, comprised of EPA, state, and facility monitors, was developed as the result of extensive efforts to identify maximum ambient impact areas using diffusion modeling, monitored atmospheric dispersion parameters, citizen observations, and ambient SO2 concentrations.
Further refinement of the monitoring network was required by the adoption of the MPR rules that established stack emissions limits for the smelter in 1979 based on permanent controls. Placement of additional monitors was accomplished with EPA consultation to further evaluate ambient impacts. Following implementation of continuous emissions control technology and compliance with emissions limits as defined in AAC R18-2-715(F) at the San Manuel smelter, the number of permanent monitors was gradually reduced to a network of four: LDS Church, Townsite, Dorm Site, and Hospital. These were all high impact ambient monitor sites found to be representative of air quality for the area. The Dorm Site and Hospital monitors were primarily fugitive impact sites. The Townsite and the LDS Church site were primarily stack impact sites. The Townsite monitor was the “limiting site” for the original MPR analysis. [4] These monitoring site decisions were made by ADEQ in accordance with EPA guidance.
Following the shutdown of smelting operations in 1999, the facility-operated Townsite, Dorm Site, and Hospital monitors were closed. ADEQ continues to operate a monitor at the LDS Church site. Table 1 summarizes ambient SO2 air quality monitoring from 1997 to 2005. Start Printed Page 3399
Table 1.—Summary of San Manuel, Sulfur Dioxide Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Data, 1997-2005 (in μg/m3)
[Primary NAAQS: Annual average 80 μg/m3 [0.030 ppm], 24-hour average 365 μg/m3 [0.14 ppm]: 3-hour 1300 μg/m3 [0.5 ppm]]
Site or city
Max value 3-hr average
Max value 24-Hour average
Data recovery * (valid hourly samples)
2005: LDS Church 5 16 8 8,716
2004: LDS Church 4 26 9 8,742
2003: LDS Church 4 15 8.5 8,711
2002: LDS Church (opened 3/02) 4 24 8 6,827
LDS Church (closed 10/99) 9 204.5 56.5 6,121
Townsite 4 272.5 63 n/a
Dorm Site 4 258.5 53 n/a
Hospital 8 416 111.5 n/a
LDS Church 21 487.5 88 8,469
Townsite 8 406.5 93 8,656
Dorm Site 8 258.5 98.5 8,714
Hospital 11 464 184 8,642
LDS Church 12 252 63 8,589
Townsite 33 313.5 93 8,725
Dorm Site 11 386 66.5 8,751
Hospital 32 654.5 180 8,742
* Note: Does not include Golf Course site for 1997 (site closed August 1997). Townsite, Dorm Site, and Hospital data are as contained in BHP's monthly reports. The facility reported zero concentrations for the period 2000-2001 at the Townsite, Dorm Site, and Hospital locations. LDS Church site data for 2002-2005 were obtained from ADEQ Annual Reports. LDS Church site data for 1997-1999 were calculated from data in EPA's Air Quality System Report (October 3, 2006) by multiplying sulfur dioxide values in parts per million by 2620 to convert to micrograms per cubic meter.
After reviewing the historic ambient SO2 monitoring data, EPA concludes the data was collected in accordance with EPA guidelines. The monitoring sites were found to be representative of air quality for the area. As required for redesignation, the nonattainment area has recorded more than eight current, consecutive quarters of quality-assured monitoring data that is free of NAAQS violations.
ADEQ had included monitoring data in Chapter 3 of the SIP. ADEQ's review of historic ambient SO2 monitoring data in the San Manuel area collected by ADHS, BAQC, and ADEQ confirms that the primary SO2 NAAQS has not been violated since 1979 and the secondary SO2 NAAQS has not been violated since 1985.
In the San Manuel SIP submittal, ADEQ proposes to close the San Manuel SO2 monitoring site effective December 31, 2007. Federal regulations at 40 CFR 58.14 allows sites to be closed under specific circumstances. ADEQ believes that the closure of the San Manuel SO2 site meets these criteria. Specifically, the option under 40 CFR 58.14(c)(3) allows for discontinuation of a monitor within an attainment, nonattainment, or maintenance area, “* * * provided the monitor has not measured violations of the applicable NAAQS in the previous five years, and the approved SIP provides for a specific, reproducible approach to representing the air quality of the affected county in the absence of actual monitoring data.” This position is supported with the information provided below.
Monitoring data for 2002 through 2006 indicate that maximum ambient concentrations were three percent or less of the NAAQS for the 3-hour standard; five percent or less of the NAAQS for the 24-hour standard; and less than seven percent of the NAAQS for the annual standard. Following the shutdown of the San Manuel ambient SO2 monitor, ADEQ will continue to demonstrate attainment and maintenance of the SO2 NAAQS through updates to the emissions inventory as described in the San Manuel SO2 Maintenance Plan, March 2007. Analyses contained in the SIP demonstrate that, although there were other sources of SO2 emissions, the San Manuel copper smelter, which permanently closed in 2005, was the primary emissions source in the nonattainment area and comprised more than 99.5 percent of total emissions while it was operating. The more than 99 percent emissions reduction due to the closure of the smelter corresponds to a greater than 92 percent reduction in 3-hour average and 24-hour average ambient SO2 concentrations.
With the permanent closure of the San Manuel smelter, no major point sources exist in the nonattainment area. Sulfur dioxide emissions in 2017 are projected to be less than 0.5 percent of 1997 and 1998 total nonattainment area emissions, a period in which the San Manuel smelter was operating full time.
Arizona does not anticipate any substantial increase in existing point source emissions between now and 2017 for the nonattainment area. Should any growth occur due to construction of additional SO2 point sources, the ADEQ, Pinal County Air Quality Control District (PCAQCD), and Pima County Department of Environmental Quality (PDEQ) permit programs limit all emissions as part of construction of new point sources or upgrading of existing sources. ADEQ commits to re-establish an appropriate network before any major source of SO2 begins operations in the San Manuel planning area.
Maintenance of the SO2 NAAQS in San Manuel area will be tracked through updates to the emissions inventory and permit applications received for SO2 emitting sources.
Therefore, ADEQ has demonstrated, and we concur, that the closure of the San Manuel SO2 site meets the criteria set forth in 40 CFR 58.14.[5] We also Start Printed Page 3400conclude that the area has attained the SO2 NAAQS.
Under CAA section 107(d)(3)(E)(ii), the SIP for the San Manuel area must be fully approved under CAA section 110(k) of the Act. We examined the applicable SIP for Arizona and also looked at the disapprovals listed in 40 CFR 52.125 and have determined that no disapprovals listed remain relevant to the applicable SIP. Arizona has a fully approved SIP with respect to SO2 in the San Manuel area.
CAA section 107(d)(3)(E)(iii) requires that EPA determine that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions resulting from implementation of the SIP and/or applicable federal measures. As shown in Table 1, as required for redesignation, the nonattainment area has recorded more than eight current, consecutive quarters of quality-assured, violation-free data. Monitoring data for 1997 through 1999, while the San Manuel smelter was still operating, indicate that maximum ambient concentrations were less than 55 percent of the NAAQS for the 3-hour standard, less than 59 percent of the NAAQS for the 24-hour standard, and less than 33 percent of the NAAQS for the annual standard.
Closure of the smelter in 1999 further reduced emissions and resultant ambient SO2 concentrations. Monitoring data for 2004 through 2005 indicate that maximum ambient concentrations were two percent of the NAAQS for the 3-hour standard and less than three percent for the 24-hour standard; and less than seven percent of the NAAQS for the annual standard. Monitoring network data for the period 1997 through 2005 are presented in Table 1. Closure of the smelter has resulted in permanent and enforceable emissions reductions, as required by the CAA.
Under CAA section 107(d)(3)(E)(v), we must determine whether the State of Arizona has met all requirements under section 110 and under part D (of title I) of the CAA applicable to the San Manuel SO2 nonattainment area.
CAA section 110 contains the general requirements for SIPs (enforceable emissions limits, ambient monitoring, permitting of new sources, adequate funding, etc.). EPA's guidance for implementing section 110 of the Act is discussed in the General Preamble to Title I (57 FR 13498, April 16, 1992). Over the years, we have approved Arizona's SIP as meeting these basic requirements. The SIP includes enforceable emission limitations; requires monitoring, compiling, and analyzing of ambient air quality data; requires preconstruction review of new major stationary sources and major modifications to existing ones; provides for adequate funding, staff, and associated resources necessary to implement its requirements; and requires stationary source emission monitoring and reporting.
Before an area can be redesignated to attainment, it must have fulfilled the applicable requirements under part D (of title I). For this area, the relevant requirements are found in subparts 1 and 5 of part D. Subpart 1 of part D specifies the basic requirements applicable to all nonattainment areas. Subpart 5 sets out additional provisions for areas designated nonattainment for SO2. As discussed below, EPA finds that Arizona has met the requirements of subpart 1 of part D, specifically sections 172(c) and 176, and subpart 5 as applicable for the San Manuel SO2 nonattainment area.
EPA has interpreted the requirements of CAA sections 172(c)(2) (reasonable further progress—RFP), 172(c)(6) (other measures), and 172(c)(9) (contingency measures) as not relevant to a redesignation request because they only have meaning for an area that is not attaining the standard (see the General Preamble and the Calcagni Memo), and as discussed above in section IV.A. of this notice, we find that the San Manuel area is attaining the SO2 standard. Furthermore, the State has not sought to exercise options that would trigger section 172(c)(4) (identification of certain emissions increases). Thus, this provision is not relevant to this redesignation request. The other provisions under 172(c) are discussed below.
Reasonably available control measures. Under CAA section 172(c)(1), reasonably available control measures (RACM), which include requirements for reasonably available control technology (RACT), are required for existing sources in nonattainment areas. In 1983, we approved the State's submittal of A.A.C. R9-3-315, a predecessor to the State's current smelter rules codified at A.A.C. R18-2-715. See 48 FR 1717 (January 14, 1983). This rule limited stack emissions from primary copper smelters, including the smelter which was located in the San Manuel area. We concluded, however, that the control strategy for SO2 in Arizona's six SO2 nonattainment areas was incomplete due to the failure to address fugitive emissions problems. See 48 FR 1717 (January 14, 1983) and 40 CFR 52.125(a)(1).
In 1998, 2003, and 2006, the State submitted amended rules (AAC R18-2-715 (sections F, G, and H), R18-2-715.01, R18-2-715.02, and R18-2-Appendix 8).[6] These rules address both fugitive and stack emissions from smelters and, in approving the rules, we found that the amended rules met the RACT requirement under CAA sections 172(c)(1) and 191(b). See 69 FR 26789 at 26788 (May 14, 2004), 69 FR 63321 (November 2, 2004), and 71 FR 18624 at 18625 (April 12, 2006). Furthermore, because the area has attained the standard, no further demonstration that RACM has been implemented need be submitted by the State.
NSR permit program. Section 172(c)(5) requires new source review (NSR) permits for the construction and operation of new and modified major stationary sources located in nonattainment areas. ADEQ is the agency responsible for implementing the nonattainment area NSR permit program in the San Manuel area. Under ADEQ's rules, all new major sources and modifications to existing major Start Printed Page 3401sources are subject to the NSR requirements of these rules.
We have not yet fully approved the ADEQ NSR rules.[7] We have, however, determined that an area being redesignated from nonattainment to attainment does not need to have an approved NSR program prior to redesignation, provided that the area demonstrates maintenance of the standard without nonattainment NSR in effect.[8] We have determined that the maintenance demonstration for San Manuel does not rely on nonattainment NSR.
Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) is the permitting program that applies in attainment areas. PSD was established to preserve air quality in areas that are meeting the NAAQS. The PSD program requires new or reconstructed major stationary sources or major modifications to existing major stationary sources to undergo preconstruction review and to apply best available control technology. In addition, sources are required to review air quality and other impacts, which includes analysis of PSD increment consumption and undertake preconstruction modeling ADEQ has an EPA-approved PSD permitting program AAC R18-2-406 for all criteria pollutants except respirable particulate matter (PM10). See 48 FR 19878 (May 3, 1983). The federal PSD program for PM10 was delegated to the State on March 12, 1999. ADEQ's partially-approved, partially-delegated PSD program will apply automatically to new major sources or major modifications to existing sources of SO2 in the San Manuel area once the area is redesignated to attainment.[9]
Compliance with section 110(a)(2). Under section 172(c)(7), plan provisions submitted to satisfy part D must meet the applicable provisions of section 110(a)(2) of the CAA. As noted in section IV.B. above, the San Manuel portion of the Arizona SIP meets these requirements.
Section 176(c) of the CAA requires states to establish criteria and procedures to ensure that federally supported or funded projects conform to the air quality planning goals in the applicable SIP. The requirement to determine conformity applies to transportation plans, programs, and projects developed, funded or approved under title 23 U.S.C. or the Federal Transit Laws (“transportation conformity”) as well as to all other federally supported or funded projects (“general conformity”). Because EPA does not consider SO2 a transportation-related pollutant, only the requirements related to general conformity apply to the San Manuel SO2 area. The State of Arizona adopted general conformity criteria and procedures as a revision to the Arizona SIP. EPA approved Arizona's general conformity SIP on April 23, 1999 (64 FR 19916). Thus, the requirements of CAA section 176 have been satisfied.
Subpart 5 of part D contains additional provisions for areas designated nonattainment for SO2. Under CAA section 191(b), States with existing nonattainment areas for the primary SO2 NAAQS where those areas lack fully approved SIPs, including part D plans, must submit implementation plans meeting the requirements of subpart 1 of part D. As discussed in section IV.D.2.a of this notice, the State of Arizona has met the requirements of subpart 1 of part D for the San Manuel area. Under CAA section 192(b), such areas were required to meet the primary SO2 NAAQS as expeditiously as possibly but no later than November 15, 1995. As discussed in section IV.A of this notice, the San Manuel SO2 nonattainment area met the primary SO2 standards well before the applicable attainment date of November 15, 1995 and has continued to attain since then.
Section 107(d)(3)(E)(iv) of the Act makes EPA approval of a maintenance plan meeting the requirements of section 175A another prerequisite to redesignation. Under section 175A, a maintenance plan must provide for maintenance of the NAAQS for at least 10 years after redesignation, and include any additional control measures as may be necessary to ensure such maintenance. The Calcagni Memo contains EPA guidance on the contents of maintenance plans submitted for the purposes of meeting section 175A. Generally, such plans should address the following five topics: The attainment emissions inventory, maintenance demonstration, monitoring network, verification of continued attainment, and a contingency plan. Maintenance plans are to contain such contingency provisions as EPA deems necessary to assure the prompt correction of a violation of the NAAQS that occurs after redesignation. The contingency measures must include, at a minimum, a requirement that the state will implement all control measures contained in the nonattainment SIP prior to redesignation.
Lastly, under CAA Section 175A(b), states are required to submit a subsequent maintenance plan eight years after redesignation providing for maintenance of the NAAQS for an additional 10-year period beyond the initial 10-year maintenance period. ADEQ has made a commitment to submit a subsequent maintenance plan to EPA eight years into the initial 10-year maintenance period (see page 15 of the submitted plan) and thereby satisfies the requirements of Section 175A(b).
As required in the Calcagni memo as one of the core provisions necessary to ensure maintenance of the relevant NAAQS in an area seeking redesignation from nonattainment to attainment, the San Manuel Maintenance Plan includes an emissions inventory for point sources, area sources, and mobile sources for 1997 through 2005 as well as a projection of emissions to 2017. Start Printed Page 3402
Table 2.—San Manuel Nonattainment Area SO2 Emissions and Emissions Projections, All Sources (Tons): 1997-2017
Area and mobile
1997 30 11482 11512
1998 30 10409 10439
1999 38 3625 3663
2000 36 0.7 36.7
2001 33 0.9 33.9
2002 26 0.3 26.3
2003 n/a 0.2 ≥0.2
2004 n/a 0.7 ≥0.7
2005 27 0.6 27.6
2010 29 4.3 33.3
2015 30 4.3 34.3
2017 31 4.3 35.3
Note: Sulfur dioxide emissions in 2017 are projected to be less than 0.5 percent of 1997 and 1998 total nonattainment area emissions, a period in which the San Manuel smelter was operating full time.
Based on our review of the submitted plan, we conclude that the current and projected emissions inventories are based on reasonable methods and assumptions and are comprehensive and accurate.
EPA allows states to demonstrate maintenance of the NAAQS by either showing that future emissions of a pollutant or its precursors will not exceed the level of the attainment inventory, or by modeling to show that the future mix of sources and emission rates will not cause a violation of the NAAQS.[10] When ADEQ first submitted a maintenance plan for the San Manuel area in 2002, the plan contained a modeling exercise. In January 2005, BHP Copper Inc. (BHP Billiton) notified ADEQ of the company's intent to permanently cease operations and remove all equipment and buildings at their San Manuel smelting facility. In March 2005, ADEQ terminated the permit for the facility. Closure of the smelter reduced SO2 emissions in the San Manuel area by more than 10,000 tons per year. Based on monitored data, the area had already attained the SO2 ambient air quality standards. Annual ambient concentrations measured from 1997 through 1999 were less than 42 percent of the NAAQS and maximum 24-hour concentrations were less than 59 percent of the NAAQS.[11] ADEQ subsequently withdrew the 2002 maintenance plan, but included the modeling exercise in Appendix A of the current submittal. Since the modeling exercise demonstrated that the area could maintain the standard while the smelter was operating, we concur with the state that maintenance of the standard will continue since the smelter is no longer operating.
In addition, the projected inventory from the San Manuel SO2 Maintenance Plan shows that emissions in the area are estimated to remain well below attainment period levels in 2017, the 10th year after redesignation. Although there is slight growth in total emissions from 2005 to 2017, projected 2017 emissions are 0.3 percent of 1998 emissions levels, due largely to the cessation of smelter operations. Therefore, we conclude that the San Manuel SO2 maintenance plan contains an adequate maintenance demonstration.
Once an area has been redesignated, in accordance with 40 CFR Part 58, the State is required to continue operation of an appropriate air quality monitoring network to verify the attainment status of the area. The maintenance plan should contain provisions for continued operation of air quality monitors that will provide such verification.
EPA allows a state to discontinue a monitor within a nonattainment or maintenance area provided the monitor has not measured violations of the applicable NAAQS in the previous five years, and the approved SIP provides for a specific, reproducible approach to representing the air quality of the affected area in the absence of actual monitoring data. Because the primary source of SO2 emissions in the nonattainment area permanently closed and recorded air quality data for 2002 through 2005 indicate that maximum ambient concentrations are less than seven percent of the primary and secondary NAAQS, ADEQ intends to discontinue monitoring at this site.
EPA concurs with ADEQ's decision to discontinue SO2 monitoring in the San Manuel area. Since the main source of SO2 emissions has been permanently shut down and dismantled there is no longer any reason to monitor for this pollutant at this time. Section 7.2 of the SIP states that ADEQ commits to reestablishing an appropriate SO2 monitoring network in the San Manuel area before any future major source of SO2 begins operations in the San Manuel planning area.
ADEQ intends to track the progress of the San Manuel SO2 Maintenance Plan through implementation and enforcement of the monitoring, reporting, and certification procedures to which permitted sources are subject under AAC R18-2-306 and R18-2-309. ADEQ anticipates no relaxation of any implemented control measures used to attain and maintain the ambient air quality standards.
Maintenance of the SO2 NAAQS in San Manuel area will be tracked through updates to the emissions inventory and permit applications received from SO2 emitting sources. The projected inventory from the San Manuel SO2 Maintenance Plan shows that emissions in the area are estimated to remain well below attainment period levels in 2017, the 10th year after redesignation. Although there is slight growth in total emissions from 2005 to 2017, projected 2017 emissions are 0.3 percent of 1998 emissions levels, due largely to the cessation of smelter operations. The PCAQCD and PDEQ have authority for sources under their jurisdiction.
Considered together, the submitted plan and relevant state and local EPA-approved regulations adequately provide for verification of continued attainment of the SO2 NAAQS in the San Manuel area. Start Printed Page 3403
Section 175A(d) of the CAA requires that maintenance plans include contingency provisions to promptly correct any violation of the NAAQS that occurs after redesignation of the area. The Calcagni memo provides additional guidance, noting that although a State is not required to have fully-adopted contingency measures that will take effect without further action by the State in order for the maintenance plan to be approved, the maintenance plan should ensure that the contingency measures are adopted expediently once they are triggered. Specifically, the maintenance plan should clearly identify the measures to be adopted, include a schedule and procedure for adoption and implementation of the measures, and contain a specific time limit for action by the State. In addition, the State should identify specific indicators, or triggers, that will be used to determine when the contingency measures need to be implemented.
The only threat to the SO2 NAAQS in this planning area is from new sources. Because the primary source of SO2 emissions in the San Manuel area is permanently closed, measures to ensure continued attainment of the SO2 NAAQS are PSD permitting requirements. Any new source proposing to operate in the San Manuel area is subject to the provisions of A.A.C. R18-2-403, “Permits for Sources Located in Nonattainment Areas,” and those in A.A.C. R18-2-406, “Permit Requirements for Sources Located in Attainment and Unclassified Areas.” With our redesignation of San Manuel, they will only be subject to A.A.C. R18-2-406. These programs address NSR and PSD requirements applicable to SO2 sources. Under the PSD program, new major stationary or major modifications to existing major sources are required to undergo preconstruction review before the facility is constructed, modified, or reconstructed, and to apply Best Available Control Technology (BACT). If a new source is not a major source, it may still be required to obtain a permit under minor source permitting rules at AAC R18-2-Article 3.[12]
Upon review of the contingency plan summarized above, we find that ADEQ has established a workable contingency plan for the San Manuel area. Since ADEQ anticipates no relaxation of any implemented control measures, and commits to submit to us any changes to rules or emission limits applicable to SO2 sources, as well as committing to maintain the necessary resources to promptly correct any violations of the SO2 NAAQS that occur after the redesignation of the San Manuel area to attainment, the State thereby satisfies the requirements of CAA section 175A(d).
As noted previously, CAA section 175A(b) requires states to submit a subsequent maintenance plan revision eight years after the redesignation request is approved by EPA. The subsequent maintenance plan is to provide for maintenance of the NAAQS for an additional 10 years following the first 10-year maintenance period. ADEQ has made a commitment to submit a subsequent maintenance plan to EPA eight years into the initial 10-year maintenance period (see page 15 of the submitted plan) and thereby satisfies CAA section 175A(b).
ADEQ's Final State Implementation Plan Revision, San Manuel Sulfur Dioxide Nonattainment Area, March 2007 adequately addresses the five basic topics that maintenance plans should address, including attainment inventory, maintenance demonstration, monitoring network, verification of continued attainment, and contingency plan, and also provides for submittal of a subsequent maintenance plan. Therefore, we approve the San Manuel SO2 Maintenance Plan as a revision to the Arizona SIP and thereby satisfy the related redesignation criteria of CAA section 107(d)(3)(E)(iv).
As authorized under section 110(k)(3) of the Act, EPA is approving the Final State Implementation Plan Revision, San Manuel Sulfur Dioxide Nonattainment Area, March, 2007 as submitted by ADEQ on June 7, 2007, as a revision to the Arizona SIP. In so doing, we find that the maintenance plan meets the requirements for such plans under CAA section 175A.
EPA is also approving the State of Arizona's request for redesignation of the San Manuel area from nonattainment to attainment for the SO2 NAAQS based on our conclusion that all of the redesignation criteria in CAA section 107(d)(3)(E) have been satisfied. Specifically, we find that (1) the San Manuel area has attained the SO2 NAAQS; (2) Arizona has a fully approved SIP for the San Manuel area; (3) the improvements in air quality in the San Manuel area are due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions resulting from the permanent closure of the smelter and from implementation of EPA's Title V permit conditions; (4) Arizona has met all of the nonattainment area requirements applicable to the San Manuel area; and (5) the State's submitted maintenance plan meets all relevant CAA requirements and is being approved in this notice.
EPA is finalizing this action without proposing it in advance because the Agency views this action as noncontroversial and anticipates no adverse comments. However, in the Proposed Rules section of this Federal Register, we are simultaneously proposing approval of the same maintenance plan and request for redesignation of the San Manuel, AZ SO2 area. If we receive adverse comments by February 19, 2008, we will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register to notify the public that the direct final approval will not take effect and we will address the comments in a subsequent final action based on the proposal. If we do not receive timely adverse comments, the direct final approval will be effective without further notice on March 18, 2008. This will approve the redesignation request and maintenance plan submitted by Arizona on June 7, 2007.
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), this action is not a “significant regulatory action” and therefore is not subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget. For this reason, this action is also not subject to Executive Order 13211, “Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use” (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001). This action merely approves state law as meeting Federal requirements and imposes no additional requirements beyond those imposed by state law. Accordingly, the Administrator certifies that this rule will not have a significant economic Start Printed Page 3404impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). Because this rule approves pre-existing requirements under state law and does not impose any additional enforceable duty beyond that required by state law, it does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4). This rule also does not have tribal implications because it will not have a substantial direct effect on one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000). This action also does not have Federalism implications because it does not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999). This action merely approves a state rule implementing a Federal standard, and does not alter the relationship or the distribution of power and responsibilities established in the Clean Air Act. This rule also is not subject to Executive Order 13045 “Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks” (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), because it approves a state rule implementing a Federal standard.
Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by March 18, 2008. Filing a petition for reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule does not affect the finality of this rule for the purposes of judicial review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review may be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or action. This action may not be challenged later in proceedings to enforce its requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).)
2. Section 52.120 is amended by adding paragraph (c)(140) to read as follows:
4. In § 81.303 the table entitled “Arizona—SO
1. “Fugitive” in this context refers to emissions that could not reasonably pass through a stack, chimney, vent or a functionally equivalent opening.
2. Following the enactment of the 1990 CAA Amendments, the San Manuel area was classified by operation of law as nonattainment for the primary SO2 standards, effective on November 15, 1990.
3. Sulfur Dioxide Monitoring Network Study, Arizona State Department of Health, Environmental Health Services, Division of Air Pollution Control, 1969.
4. See Ultimate Sulfur Dioxide Limits for Arizona Copper Smelters, Moyers and Peterson, September 14, 1979.
5. EPA sets out requirements for ambient air quality surveillance in 40 CFR part 58. After the closure of the San Manuel SO2 monitoring site, ADEQ will continue to monitor SO2 emissions at several other sites within the state. For more information about the air monitoring system in place in Arizona, the reader may wish to consult the State of Arizona Air Monitoring Network Plan For the Year 2007 submitted by ADEQ to EPA. This report can be found on Arizona's Web site at http://www.azdeq.gov/​environ/​air/​monitoring/​download/​airmonitoring.pdf.
6. A more extensive summary of the regulatory history of copper smelters in Arizona is included in EPA's proposed action on these rules. See 69 FR 26786 (May 14, 2004).
7. ADEQ's NSR rules are included in the preconstruction review and permitting provisions of AAC, Title 18, Chapter 2, Articles 3 and 4. EPA approved an earlier version of ADEQ's NSR requirements (AAC R9-3-302) on May 5, 1982 (47 FR 19328) and August 10, 1988 (53 FR 30200).
8. See memorandum from Mary Nichols dated October 14, 1994 (“Part D New Source Review (part D NSR) Requirements for Areas Requesting Redesignation to Attainment.”)
9. PSD also applies to new major sources or major modifications in Pima County. One township of the nonattainment area is in the Pima County. The federal PSD program applies with Pima County. See 40 CFR 52.144; 48 FR 19878 (May 3, 1983). PDEQ was delegated authority for the federal PDS program in 1994.
10. See Calcagni Memo., at p. 9.
11. See page 8 of Appendix A of ADEQ's submittal.
12. Pima and Pinal counties have their own air pollution control agencies and have jurisdiction over stationary sources of air pollutants within their counties, except for refineries, copper smelters, coal-fired power plants, Portland cement plants, or portable sources that will operate in multiple counties. These sources must obtain permits from ADEQ. Facilities located on most Indian lands in Arizona are under the jurisdiction of U.S. EPA.
[FR Doc. E8-803 Filed 1-17-08; 8:45 am]