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4 nysdtsea unit 4 traffic control devices and laws | Traffic | Traffic Light
Unit 4 Traffic Control Devices and Laws: New York State Driver Education Classroom and In-Car Curriculum
Original Title: 4 nysdtsea unit 4 traffic control devices and laws
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Table of Contents Unit 4 Introduction.....4-4 Overview, Objectives and Words to Know Teacher Information and Resources Learning Activity 4.0: Key Words Word Wall
Part 1 Definition and Purpose of Traffic Control Devices......4-8 Video Overview 4.1: Signs, Signals and Markings Video Review 4.1 and ANSWER KEY: Signs, Signals and Markings Fact Sheet 4.1: Definition and Purpose of Traffic Control Devices Worksheet 4.1 and Answer Key: Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings Part 2 Traffic Signs.......4-26 Fact Sheet 4.2: Traffic Signs Learning Activity 4.2.1: Whiteboard Signs Activity Learning Activity 4.2.2: Signs and Signals Ball Activity
Part 3 Traffic Signals.......4-36 Fact Sheet 4.3: Traffic Signals Learning Activity 4.3: Traffic Lights Activity Part 4 Pavement Markings .....4-42 Fact Sheet 4.4: Pavement Markings Learning Activity 4.4: Pavement Markings Activity Part 5 Traffic and Vehicle Laws.... 4-56 Fact Sheet 4.5: State Specific Traffic and Vehicle Laws Part 6 Unit Review and Test....4-58 Unit 4 Review Questions Fact Sheet 4.6: Words to Know Definitions Page Worksheet 4.6 and ANSWER KEY: Unit 4 Words to Know Matchup Unit 4 Review of Objectives Unit 4 Test and ANSWER KEY
Unit 4 Introduction Lesson Content
Overview Unit 4 will introduce the student to traffic control devices, including signs, signals and pavement markings, as well as traffic laws specific to your state, including right-of-way laws, obeying a police officer and speed restrictions.
Objectives The student will: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Define and identify the purpose of traffic control devices. Recognize and identify the color, shape and meaning of traffic signs. Recognize and identify the meaning of traffic control signal lights. Recognize and identify the meaning of pavement markings. Describe state specific laws pertaining to the required response by the driver to traffic signs, signals and pavements markings and the directions of a police officer. 6. Define key words associated with the unit objectives. Words to Know Colors for Traffic Signs Red Blue Yellow Orange White Fluorescent Yellow Black Fluorescent Green Pink Brown Shapes for Traffic Signs Octagon Horizontal Rectangle Triangle Vertical Diamond Rectangle Round Crossbuck Pennant Pentagon Other Right of way rules Types of Traffic Signs Regulatory Warning Construction Guide Incident Chevron Traffic Signals Steady Red/ Yellow/ Green Flashing Red / Yellow Flashing Yellow arrow Red X and arrow Yellow X and arrow Green arrow Pedestrian lights Countdown timers Pavement Markings White Lines (solid or broken Yellow Lines Double solid yellow lines Solid yellow line with a broken yellow line (on your side of center line) Solid yellow line with a broken yellow line (on far side of center) Blue curb or red curb Lane marker arrows Multiple left turn lanes Multiple right turn lanes Shared left-turn lane Reversible lanes Reserved lanes HOV lanes
Teacher Information and Resources Slides Videos Video Review Fact Sheets PowerPoint Slides 4.1 4.42
Lesson Overview Time Frame 2 hours
4.1 Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings (13 minutes, 33 seconds) 4.1 Video Review: Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Definition and Purpose of Traffic Control Devices Traffic Signs Traffic Control Signal Lights Pavement Markings Traffic and Vehicle Laws Words to Know Definitions Page Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings Words to Know Matchup Key Words Word Wall Whiteboard Sign Activity Signs and Signals Ball Activity Traffic Lights Activity Pavement Markings Activity
Worksheets 4.1 4.2 Learning Activities 4.0 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.3 4.4
Textbooks Other Textbooks: Drive Right: Chapter 2 Responsible Driving: Chapters 2 and 3 Other Textbook: ____________________________________ Manual Unit 4 Test Obtain copies of your states driver handbook for students to use during the course. Unit 4 Test Traffic Control Devices and Laws 10 questions
Unit Objectives: Students will define the meaning of the key words in Unit 4. Lesson Content Key Words Learning Activity 4.0 Throughout the instruction of Unit 4, conduct learning activity to help students with vocabulary and spelling of key words.
Unit 4 Activity Lesson Content
Learning Activity 4.0: Key Words Word Wall
Learning Activity 4.0
Materials Needed 1. Make word cards out of paper, poster board, or card stock cut in strips. 2. Markers in various colors. 3. A space to post words (i.e., bulletin board). 4. Tape or stapler and staples to affix cards on the word wall. Learning Activity 1. As the instructor introduces new words in a unit, the instructor should post these words on the word wall. a. The instructor should remind students to use the words on the wall for recall and correct spelling. b. When an instructor poses a question and a student correctly answers the question, the instructor should allow that student to make a word strip and post the strip in the designated location on the word wall. Because this is new learning, recalling words are part of the learning process. c. Students often enjoy decorating their word with a particular flair, color, or design. 2. Words may remain posted for just the unit or remain posted throughout the course.
Unit Objectives, Definition and Purpose of Traffic Control Devices
Lesson Objective: Student will define and identify the purpose of traffic control devices. Lesson Content Unit Objectives Slides 4.1 and 4.2 Give an overview of what students should know and be able to do by the end of this unit. Slides 4.1 and 4.2: Title and Objectives Materials and Resources
Traffic Control Devices Video Review 4.1 Duplicate and distribute Video Review 4.1. Students should complete the worksheet as they watch the video. Slides 4.3 and 4.4 - Video 4.1 Discuss the topics covered in Video 4.1. Play Video 4.1. Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings (Time: 13 minutes 33 seconds) After viewing, review Video Review 4.1, using Answer Key to gauge students understanding of the video. Slides 4.3 and 4.4: Video 4.1 Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings Video Review 4.1 and Answer Key: Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings
Definition and Purpose of Traffic Control Devices
Video Overview 4.1
Video 4.1 Overview: Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings
Title Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings Time 13 minutes 33 seconds Topics Covered 1. Traffic signs 2. Traffic signals 3. Pavement markings 4. Rules of the road and laws Video Review 1. Have students complete a video review worksheet as they watch the video. 2. After viewing the video, review the worksheet to gauge students understanding of the video. Instructor Notes
Video Review: Signs, Signals and Markings
Video Review 4.1
Video 4.1 Review: Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings
1. What must you do before turning left at an intersection with a green light? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. What do flashing yellow lights mean? _______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. At a four-way stop intersection which vehicle should be given the right-of-way? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the meaning of a yield sign? ________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 5. What color and shape are warning signs? ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 6. What do white lines mean? _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 7. Can you cross double solid yellow lines? _____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 8. What should you do when emergency vehicles are approaching? __________________ ______________________________________________________________________
Video Review 4.1 ANSWER KEY
Video 4.1 Review: Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings ANSWER KEY
1. What must you do before turning left at an intersection with a green light? Answer: Yield to any oncoming traffic 2. What do flashing yellow lights mean? Answer: Can go through the intersection but need to look out for cars on the cross street 3. At a four-way stop intersection which vehicle should be given the right-of-way? Answer: The first car to stop is the first car to go 4. What is the meaning of a yield sign? Answer: The driver is required to yield to vehicles on the street s/he is approaching, but if no one is coming s/he can continue without making a full stop 5. What color and shape are warning signs? Answer: Yellow with black lettering and diamond shaped 6. What do white lines mean? Answer: Separate lanes going in the same direction 7. Can you cross double solid yellow lines? Answer: No, except to make a left turn off or onto the road with the double solid yellow lines 8. What should you do when emergency vehicles are approaching? Answer: Give right of way or yield to emergency vehicles and pull as far off the road as possible to the right
Lesson Content Traffic Control Devices Fact Sheet 4.1 Duplicate and distribute Fact Sheet 4.1 for students to use as a resource and study guide. Slide 4.5 Provide students with the purpose and definition of traffic control devices. Explain the communication modes of traffic control devices.
Fact Sheet 4.1: Traffic Control Devices
Slide 4.5: Traffic Control Devices
Fact Sheet 4.1 Lesson Content
Definition and Purpose of Traffic Control Devices Traffic control devices include: Traffic signs Traffic signals Pavement markings The purpose of traffic control devices is to help ensure highway safety by providing for the orderly and predictable movement of all traffic, motorized and non-motorized, throughout the highway transportation system. These devices tell drivers where they are, where they are going and how to get there. They provide information about laws, dangers and the roadway. In a work zone, the most common traffic control devices used to guide drivers safely through work zones include barricades, vertical signs, concrete barriers, barrels and cones. Communication Modes Traffic control devices communicate their message in several ways, by color, shape, words, symbols and placement to provide information. Through their messages, they direct drivers actions and provide a framework of uniform guidance.
Lesson Content Traffic Control Devices Worksheet 4.1 Duplicate and distribute Worksheet 4.1. Throughout the instruction on signs, signals and pavement markings, students should be completing the worksheet. Allow some time during these lessons for students to complete this.
Worksheet 4.1 and Answer Key: Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings
Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings Name Date
1. In the space below, draw or describe the symbol which prohibits some type of action. For example, No U-turn. 1 REGULATORY Sign 2 WARNING Sign 3 GUIDE OR INFORMATIONAL Sign
2. A) On the line below each sign, identify the type of sign using the numbers on the right.
B) Complete the signs below by adding a message commonly seen on each sign along a road and give the main color of the sign in the space to the right of each sign.
3. Using the diagrams on the right, give the color and purpose of each line marked with a letter. A. color _________________________________ purpose _______________________________ B. color _________________________________ purpose _______________________________ C. color _________________________________ purpose _______________________________ D. color _________________________________ purpose _______________________________ E. color _________________________________ purpose _______________________________ F. color _________________________________ purpose _______________________________
Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings Name ________ 4. What color are stop lines? A. YELLOW B. WHITE C. GREEN D. RED 6. Date
Worksheet 4.1 Page 2
________ 5. What color are crosswalk lines? A. YELLOW B. WHITE C. GREEN D. RED
For each color listed below, write the letter of its major classification from the list on the right and then give an example of this type of sign. CLASSIFICATION OR TYPE OF SIGN A. Construction sign B. Guide/Direction, information sign C. Incident sign EXAMPLE
COLOR 1. WHITE 2. YELLOW 3. GREEN 4. BROWN 5. RED 6. ORANGE 7. BLUE 8. FLUORESCENT PINK 9. BLACK 10. FLUORESCENT YELLOW
D. Regulatory sign ** E. Motorist services F. Warning sign ** G. Recreational and cultural information H. School zones and crossings NOTE: ** Indicates this letter may be used more than once
Worksheet 4.1 Page 3
7. Match each traffic sign on the right with the message/legend on the left. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bicycle Crossing Follow Detour to Right Divided Highway Begins Do Not Enter Right Lane Ends Lane Added No Left Turn No Parking Railroad Ahead Traffic Signal Ahead Steep Hill Ahead Slippery When Wet F. L. E. K. D. J. C. I. B. H. A. G.
Worksheet 4.1 Page 4
If you wish, color in each of the lights appropriately according to directions. 8. On the lines below write the 3 colors and meaning of each lens on the traffic signal.
9. What is the arrangement of the lights if the traffic light is placed like this? Give the color of each light on the lines in the order they appear.
10. Why are the lights in traffic signals always in the same order? ___________________________________________________________________________ 11. What do these traffic lights indicate? Flashing yellow:____________________________________________
Flashing red:_______________________________________________
Worksheet 4.1 Page 5
12. For the following signs and signals, mark or color the information needed to make them correspond to the given statement. 1. 2. All traffic must stop except those going left. You may go straight or have a protected left turn.
4. Clear the intersection. All traffic must stop except for those going right.
5. Proceed straight ahead only.
6. You should slow down and be prepared to stop.
7. Do not travel in this lane.
8. Travel in this lane is permitted.
Lesson Content Traffic Control Devices Worksheet 4.1 ANSWER KEY Review the correct answers to the worksheet.
Worksheet 4.1: Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings Answer Key
Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings ANSWER KEY Name Date
Worksheet 4.1 ANSWER KEY
1. In the space below, draw or describe the symbol which prohibits some type of action. For example, No U-turn. Answer: A circle with a line through it 1 REGULATORY Sign 2 WARNING Sign 3 GUIDE OR INFORMATIONAL Sign
Green ___3___ ___2___
Yellow ___1__
Red ___2__
Yellow ___1___
3. Using the diagrams on the right, give the color and purpose of each line marked with a letter. A. color ___white__________________________ purpose __edge of roadway________________ B. color ___yellow_________________________ purpose __separates vehicles traveling in opposite directions__ C. color _white___________________________ purpose __edge of roadway_______________ D. color __white__________________________ purpose __edge of roadway_______________ E. color __white__________________________ purpose ___separates vehicles traveling in the same direction__ F. color __yellow__________________________ purpose __separates vehicles traveling in opposite directions___
Worksheet 4.1 Page 2 ANSWER KEY
Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings ANSWER KEY Name ____B___ 4. What color are stop lines? A. YELLOW B. WHITE C. GREEN D. RED Date ____B___ 5. What color are crosswalk lines? A. YELLOW B. WHITE C. GREEN D. RED
6. For each color listed below, write the letter of its major classification from the list on the right and then give an example of this type of sign. COLOR 1. WHITE 2. YELLOW 3. GREEN 4. BROWN 5. RED 6. ORANGE 7. BLUE 8. FLUORESCENT PINK 9. BLACK 10. FLUORESCENT YELLOW CLASSIFICATION OR TYPE OF SIGN D F B C. Incident sign G D. Regulatory sign ** D E. Motorist services A E C D H F. Warning sign ** G. Recreational and cultural information H. School zones and crossings NOTE: ** Indicates this letter may be used more than once Flagger ahead Hospital Be prepared to stop One-way street School crossing Wrong way Canoeing ahead A. Construction sign B. Guide/Direction, information sign EXAMPLE Do not pass Sharp turn Denver 20 miles
Worksheet 4.1 Page 3 ANSWER KEY
7. Match each traffic sign on the right with the message/legend on the left. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 J A E B G D C L I F K H Bicycle Crossing Follow Detour to Right Divided Highway Begins Do Not Enter Right Lane Ends Lane Added No Left Turn No Parking Railroad Ahead Traffic Signal Ahead Steep Hill Ahead Slippery When Wet F. L. E. K. D. J. C. I. B. H. A. G.
Worksheet 4.1 Page 4 ANSWER KEY
Signs, Signals and Pavement Markings ANSWER KEY Name Date If you wish, color in each of the lights appropriately according to directions. 8. On the lines below write the 3 colors and meaning of each lens on the traffic signal. Red Yellow Green Stop Slow down, prepare to stop Go, proceed with caution
9. What is the arrangement of the lights if the traffic light is placed like this? Give the color of each light on the lines in the order they appear. Red Yellow Green
10. Why are the lights in traffic signals always in the same order? __To assist drivers who may be color blind or whose view may be partially blocked.__ 11. What do these traffic lights indicate? Flashing yellow:___Slow down and proceed with caution.______
Flashing red:__Stop before entering the intersection and use the same procedure as at a stop sign.___
Worksheet 4.1 Page 5 ANSWER KEY
All traffic must stop except for those going right.
Proceed straight ahead only.
You should slow down and be prepared to stop.
Do not travel in this lane.
Travel in this lane is permitted.
Lesson Objective: Student will be able to recognize and identify the color, shapes, and meanings of traffic signs. Lesson Content Color and Shape of Traffic Signs Fact Sheet 4.2 Duplicate and distribute Fact Sheet 4.2 for students to use as a resource and study guide. Slide 4.6 Discuss why traffic signs are specific colors. Emphasize that the color of traffic control devices communicates substantial information, regardless of their shape, words or graphics. Slide 4.7 Discuss why traffic signs are specific shapes. Slide 4.7: Shape of Signs Slide 4.6: Color of Signs Fact Sheet 4.2: Traffic Signs Materials and Resources
Fact Sheet 4.2 Content Information
Signs are specific sizes, shapes and colors so they can be easily identified at long distances. Color of signs Red prohibitive or stop Blue motorist service signs Green guide information, such as direction or guidance signs Yellow general warning, caution Orange construction and maintenance work Shape of signs Octagon Stop Horizontal rectangle Directions Black - regulatory signs White regulatory signs Brown recreational and cultural interest Fluorescent Optic Yellow school zones, school crossings and pedestrian crossings Fluorescent Pink incident signs
Triangle Yield
Vertical rectangle Indicates law
Round Advance warning of railroad crossing Crossbuck Railroad crossing
Pentagon School Pennant Advance warning of no passing zones
Lesson Content Types of Traffic Signs Slides 4.8 and 4.9 Discuss the color, shape, and meaning of regulatory signs.
Slides 4.8 and 4.9: Regulatory Signs
Slides 4.10 through 4.12 Discuss the color, shape, and meaning of warning signs.
Slides 4.10 through 4.12: Warning Signs
Slide 4.13 Discuss the color, shape, and meaning of railroad crossing warning signs.
Slide 4.13: Railroad Crossing Warning Signs
Fact Sheet 4.2 continued Content Information
Signs are specific sizes, shapes and colors so they can be easily identified at long distances. Regulatory signs tell the driver about specific laws that a driver must obey. They regulate the speed and movement of traffic. These signs are usually rectangle in shape and have a color pattern of red/white, white/black or red/white/black.
Warning signs tell a driver of possible danger (road, environmental and traffic conditions) that is a short distance ahead to allow the driver time to safely minimize risk. These signs are mostly diamond shape and have a yellow/black color pattern. Some warning signs such as school zones, school crossing and pedestrian crossings may be fluorescent optic yellow.
A chevron sign is a type of warning sign, which means sharp curve. Railroad crossing warning signs caution the driver to slow down, look and listen for a train or railroad vehicle and be prepared to stop if a train is approaching. A white, Xshaped sign with Railroad Crossing printed on it is located at the railroad crossing. A driver must wait for a train that is approaching the intersection and remain behind the stop line.
Lesson Content Types of Traffic Signs Slides 4.14 and 4.15 Discuss the color, shape, and meaning of construction zone signs.
Slides 4.14 and 4.15: Construction Zone Signs
Slides 4.16 and 4.17 Discuss the color, shape, and meaning of guide signs. Explain the route numbering system and emphasize that east-west routes have even numbers and north-south routes have odd numbers. Describe the difference between interstate spurs and loops. Slides 4.18 and 4.19 Discuss the color, shape, and meaning of incident signs.
Slides 4.16 and 4.17: Guide Signs
Slides 4.18 and 4.19: Incident Signs
Construction zone signs alert drivers to construction zones ahead. They are rectangle or diamond shape and orange in color.
Guide signs guide drivers to their destination by identifying routes well in advance and can come in a variety of shapes and colors. Green signs give information on miles, route markers and destinations. Brown signs mark cultural points of interest and recreational areas. Blue signs provide information on services, such as hospital, police, fuel, food, and lodging.
Route numbering the interstate system features unique shield-shaped signs, which are blue on bottom with a red band across the top. The primary route number is either a single or double digit number. East-west routes have even numbers and north-south routes have odd numbers. Many non-interstate routes use a similar system. Interstate Route US Route State Route
Interstate spurs and loops a loop bypasses cities and meets the primary route at both ends and features a three-digit route number that begins with an even number. A spur is a short route that connects with a primary route at only one end and features a three-digit route number that begins with an odd number.
Incident signs or temporary traffic control signs are temporary and let drivers know when they should be prepared to stop or when roadways are closed or detoured due to a road user incident, natural disaster, hazardous material spill, or other unplanned incident. These signs are fluorescent pink with black lettering.
Lesson Content Traffic Signs Learning Activity 4.2.1 Conduct learning activity to gauge student understanding of traffic signs.
Learning Activity 4.2.1: Whiteboard Sign Activity
Learning Activity 4.2.1
Topic Identifying Traffic Signs
Whiteboard Sign Activity
Information New drivers must learn to quickly identify the color and shape and know the meanings of the many traffic signs that are found on the nations highways. Materials Needed 1. White board and markers in the color of all 10 traffic signs (use black for both black signs and white signs). Red, yellow, green, black, white, blue, brown, fluorescent yellow, fluorescent pink and orange. Learning Activity 1. The instructor will distribute 10 markers to 10 students. They will go the board and write the color of the marker on the board. For white have the student use black and write the word white in hollow block letters. Those 10 students will pass their marker on to another student that will go to the board and write the meaning of that particular color used for a traffic sign. 2. This activity can be used for the traffic sign shapes. Instructor should guide the students to draw the shape in an appropriate color (example: if the student draws the octagon on the board the student should use only the red marker. If the student draws a diamond on the board the student could use yellow, orange, fluorescent yellow or fluorescent pink). 3. Students may use their textbook if needed. Acceptable answers: Red stop, dont, prohibited Yellow caution, general warning Green information, guide, direction Black regulatory, rules, laws White regulatory, rules, laws Blue motorist services Brown recreation, cultural interest Fluorescent yellow extra attention Orange construction or danger Fluorescent pink incident management Octagon stop Triangle yield Round RRX ahead Crossbuck youre at the RR tracks Vertical rectangle - regulatory, rules, laws Horizontal rectangle info., guide, direction Diamond advanced warning Pennant no passing zone Pentagon - school Square use the meaning of its color
Lesson Content Traffic Signs Learning Activity 4.2.2 Conduct learning activity to gauge student understanding of traffic signs and signals.
Learning Activity 4.2.2: Signs and Signals Ball Activity
Learning Activity 4.2.2
Topic Identifying Traffic Signs and Signals
Signs and Signals Ball Activity
Information New drivers must learn to quickly identify and know the meanings of the many traffic signs and signals that are found on the nations highways. Materials Needed 1. One nerf or indoor soccer ball or similar. 2. Label the ball via marker or computer generated graphics with various traffic signs and signals. Learning Activity 1. Toss the ball to a student. 2. The student catches the ball. 3. The student is to identify the sign or signal closest to their index finger. 4. The student may return the ball to the teacher or may toss the ball to a classmate for the activity to continue. 5. Once students are familiar with the signs and signals, extend their learning by having the student explain the meaning of the sign or signal or the associated rule of the road as well as the identification of the sign
Lesson Objective: Student will be able to recognize and identify the meaning of traffic control signal lights. Lesson Content Traffic Signals Fact Sheet 4.3 Duplicate and distribute Fact Sheet 4.3 for students to use as a resource and study guide. Slides 4.20 through 4.22 Discuss the various traffic signals found on roadways. Emphasize to students the importance of obeying a traffic control officer. Slides 4.20 through 4.22: Traffic Signals Fact Sheet 4.3: Traffic Signals Materials and Resources
Fact Sheet 4.3 Content Information
Traffic signals are lights that tell drivers when or where they should stop and go and who should be given the right-of-way. Traffic lights are usually at intersections and are always in the same order, red, yellow and green from top to bottom to assist drivers who may be color blind or whose view may be partially blocked. It is important that drivers understand the meaning of each color and symbol, and respond correctly. Traffic control can also be provided by law enforcement, highway personnel or school crossing guards in special situations. Drivers must obey directions from these persons. Steady RED indicates moving traffic shall stop prior to the stop line, pedestrian crosswalk, or roadway edge line and remain stopped as long as the signal is red. When turning right at an intersection, if there is no sign prohibiting a right turn on a red light, drivers may turn after stopping and checking for traffic and pedestrians. Some states allow a left turn on red in certain situations. Check your state law on this maneuver. Steady YELLOW indicates the traffic light is about to change to red. Drivers should clear the intersection by slowing down and coming to a complete stop, if safe to do so and if traffic flow to the rear allows. If drivers are in the intersection or too close to stop safely when the yellow light comes on, they may continue safely through the intersection. Steady GREEN indicates traffic shall go through the intersection if it is clear to do so. Drivers must yield to emergency vehicles and other roadway users as required by law. Drivers may turn left at a green light, but only when the intersection is clear. Drivers must yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians before turning. Flashing RED indicates traffic shall stop before entering the intersection and use the same procedure as a driver would at a stop sign by yielding to other vehicles and pedestrians before proceeding. Flashing YELLOW indicates a need to slow down and proceed with caution. RED arrow indicates traffic direction. Drivers may not go in the direction of the arrow. YELLOW arrow indicates the green arrow is ending and drivers should be prepared to stop for any traffic. Sometimes a left turn light will display a yellow flashing arrow. Drivers may proceed into the left turn without stopping but must yield to oncoming traffic if present. GREEN arrow indicates drivers can safely turn in the direction of the arrow if the intersection is clear. When the arrow is green, oncoming or crossing traffic should have a red light and yield to the drivers turning action.
Lesson Content Pedestrian Signals Slide 4.23 Discuss pedestrian signals found at intersections.
Slide 4.23: Pedestrian Signals
Fact Sheet 4.3 continued Content Information
Drivers must yield to pedestrians at all times. Even if they are not in a crosswalk. At intersections drivers may find pedestrian signals, which indicate when it is safe for pedestrians to cross. Drivers may also find signs at mid-block crosswalks, which require drivers to yield as they would at an intersection. Countdown timers indicate how much time is left for pedestrians to cross the street and many emit audible beeps to correspond with the countdown. Walk signal means pedestrians may proceed across the street. Flashing dont walk signal means pedestrians already in the street may continue walking across the street, others should not start. Steady dont walk signal means pedestrians should not enter the street, unless traffic is clear. In some states pedestrians may walk on the dont walk signal provided the traffic is clear. All drivers should be alert to pedestrians at all times.
Lesson Content Traffic Signs Learning Activity 4.3 Conduct learning activity to gauge student understanding of traffic signals.
Learning Activity 4.3: Traffic Lights Activity
Topic Identifying Traffic Signals
Information New drivers must learn to identify and know the meanings of traffic signals that are found on the nations highways. Materials Needed 1. White, magnetic, dry marker board. 2. An abundance of cardboard circles representing the lens in a traffic light with magnets on the back. Colors and styles: red, yellow, green, arrows, Xs, and walk and dont walk pedestrian lights. Learning Activity 1. The instructor will create a variety of scenarios or procedures for a driver to follow at a traffic light. Write them out in advance on index cards. Examples: This light hangs above a right turn bay and directs the driver to proceed if clear. This light is posted at the corner of an intersection and directs a pedestrian to walk across the street. This light hangs above a traffic lane that prohibits use by traffic in your direction. This light is lit when a driver may proceed with caution on a 2-lane, 2-way street. 2. The instructor will draw several blank traffic lights on the marker board. (Single lens, 3-lens, 4-lens, 5-lens, pedestrian lights, etc.) 3. The instructor will provide a container with a number of cardboard circles representing the lens in a traffic light. 4. The instructor or student can select an index card, read the scenario and pick a student to display the correct traffic light by sticking the colored circles on the board in the correct traffic light. 5. This activity can be conducted in groups, pairs, or individuals.
Lesson Objective: Student will recognize and identify the meaning of pavement markings. Lesson Content Pavement Markings Yellow Lines Fact Sheet 4.4 Duplicate and distribute Fact Sheet 4.4 for students to use as a resource and study guide. Slides 4.24 through 4.26 Provide students with the definition and overview of pavement markings. Discuss the meaning of yellow lines on the roadway and provide examples. Slides 4.24 through 4.26: Yellow Lines Fact Sheet 4.4: Pavement Markings Materials and Resources
Pavement Markings - Yellow Lines
Fact Sheet 4.4 Content Information
Pavement markings are usually lines, arrows, symbols or words painted yellow or white on the roadway to give a driver directions or warnings. Lines can be solid, broken, single or double. Pavement markings - yellow lines Yellow lines separate traffic moving in opposite directions. Solid yellow center lines indicate two-way traffic moving in opposite direction with no passing allowed. Always keep to the right of the yellow line. Broken yellow center line means passing is permitted in either direction. Passing should only be done when the way ahead is clear, sightlines are not obstructed and the law allows. Broken yellow lines alongside a solid yellow line means passing is permitted on the side with the broken line. Passing is not permitted on the side with the solid line. Double solid yellow lines means passing is not permitted in either direction but crossing the lines is permitted when making a left turn. Solid yellow lines also mark the left edge on divided highways and one-way roads.
Lesson Content Pavement Markings White Lines and Arrows Slides 4.27 and 4.28 Discuss the meaning of white lines on the roadway and provide examples.
Slides 4.27 and 4.28: White Lines
Fact Sheet 4.4 continued Content Information
Pavement Markings - White Lines
Pavement markings - white lines and arrows White lines separate lanes of traffic going in the same direction. Broken white lines may be crossed with caution (lane change). Solid white lines designate turn lanes and prevent lane changes near intersections. Solid white lines mark the right edge of the roadway. Stop lines, crosswalks and parking spaces are marked by white lines. White arrows on the roadway indicate the direction traffic is flowing and can also indicate the turn allowed from a traffic lane or turn lane.
Lesson Content Pavement Markings Shared Left-turn Lanes Slide 4.29 Provide the definition of shared left-turn lanes and discuss why and how drivers should use them.
Slide 4.29: Shared Left-turn Lanes
Pavement Markings Shared Left-turn Lanes Shared Left-turn Lanes Used to make a left turn in either direction. Located in the middle of the roadway on many urban and suburban streets where it is difficult to make a left turn safely. In some states these lanes can also be used by drivers who want to make left turns from a driveway/parking lot, or side street onto a roadway to wait and merge into a gap in traffic. Check your state law. Has a solid yellow line and a broken yellow line on each side with white left-turn arrows on the pavement between the yellow lines. The solid yellow centerlines means drivers cannot use the center lane for passing. The broken yellow centerlines show that vehicles traveling in either direction may use the center lane only to make left turns. The lane may be used by vehicles traveling in either direction when turning left from the roadway. When using a shared left-turn lane do not move into the lane too soon. The longer drivers stay in the lane, the more likely they are to meet someone coming in the opposite direction. Watch for vehicles pulling out of entrances and side streets and do not use a shared leftturn lane for anything but turning left. Sometimes shared left-turn lanes at intersections become a left turn lane for one-way traffic only so oncoming traffic cannot enter the shared left-turn lane too close to the intersection, as shown in the second graphic below.
Lesson Content Pavement Markings Reversible Lanes Slides 4.30 and 4.31 Provide the definition of reversible lanes and discuss why and how drivers should use them.
Slide 4.30 and 4.31: Reversible Lanes
Pavement Markings Reversible Lanes
Reversible lanes Used in some areas where the shared center turn lane becomes a reversible lane during rush hours. Carries traffic in opposite directions at different times. Marked with double broken yellow lines with signals above the lanes to designate traffic flow. Improves the flow of traffic by changing the direction of travel within lanes. Before entering the lane, check to see that it can be used at that time. A GREEN arrow means drivers are permitted to drive in that lane. A RED X means the lane is closed to drivers. Never drive in a lane under a red X signal. A steady YELLOW X indicates the driver should safely vacate this lane because it will soon be controlled by a red X. A flashing YELLOW X means the lane is for turning left only.
Lesson Content Pavement Markings Reserved Lanes Slide 4.32 Provide the definition of reserved or restricted lanes and discuss why and how drivers should use them.
Slide 4.32: Reserved or Restricted Lanes
Pavement Markings Reserved or Restricted Lanes
Reserved or restricted lanes On some roadways, one or more lanes may be reserved for special vehicles (i.e., buses, bicycles, high occupancy vehicles). Marked by special signs stating the lane is reserved for special use and often have a white diamond on the sign or painted on the road surface. Transit or bus means the lane is for bus use only. Bicycle means the lane is reserved for bicyclists only. HOV signs or markings mean High Occupancy Vehicles and indicate lanes reserved for vehicles with two or more people in them. Signs may indicate how many people must be in the vehicle, as well as the days and hours, which apply to the lane use.
Lesson Content Other Pavement Markings Slides 4.33 and 4.34 Discuss other pavement markings you may find on the roadway, including railroad crossings, school crossings, handicapped parking, multiple turn lanes, and adjoining lanes.
Slides 4.33 and 4.34: Other Pavement Markings
Learning Activity 4.4 Conduct learning activity to gauge student understanding of pavement markings.
Learning Activity 4.4: Pavement Markings Activity
Other Pavement Markings Railroad crossings Railroad crossings are marked by an X and two Rs on each side of the roadway to warn drivers that a railroad crossing is ahead.
School zones A school zone is marked by the word SCHOOL painted on the roadway. Drivers should watch for children in the area when they see this marking. Handicapped parking Parking spaces reserved for vehicles with handicapped drivers or passengers are marked with the handicapped parking symbol and vertical lines between handicapped parking spaces. Lines may be white, yellow or blue. There may also be signs that say Handicapped Parking Only. It is illegal to park in this space without the proper permit or plate. Curb markings Curbs along a road may be painted to warn that parking is not permitted. No-parking zones are usually near intersections, pedestrian crosswalks and fire hydrants. The markings may be yellow, white, red or blue and are usually accompanied by signs indicating the meaning. White stop only long enough to pick up or drop off passengers. Yellow stop only long enough to load or unload. Stay with the car. Red fire hydrant, do not stop, stand, or park. Blue parking is reserved for persons with disabilities Multiple turn lanes Two or more lanes turning in the same direction. Lanes for turning left or right are marked with a white arrow pointing either to the left or right, indicating which lane a driver should turn from and follow through the intersection.
Identifying Pavement Markings
Pavement Markings Activity
Information New drivers must learn to identify and know the meanings of pavement markings that are found on the nations highways. Materials Needed 1. Text book. 2. State driving manual. 3. Yellow, white (black), blue, and red dry markers. 4. Dry marker board or poster board. Learning Activity 1. Each student will be instructed to draw a pavement marking on the board, in the correct color, from the textbook, state driving manual, or a home town situation they are familiar with. No duplicates are allowed therefore they must observe what other students are drawing. 2. When finished, other students will be allowed to go to the marker board and make any necessary corrections to the drawings. 3. The instructor should then make all corrections the students do not detect. 4. The instructor will then write out the meaning of each pavement marking directly below the drawing. 5. Students will then be instructed to draw the sign that accompanies the pavement marking in the correct color and in the correct position near the pavement marking.
Pavement Markings Activity continued
left/right turn bay
passing permitted on drivers side
passing permitted for oncoming traffic fire lane
shared left turn lane
restricted or reserved lane
Traffic and Vehicle Laws
Lesson Objective: Student will describe state specific vehicle laws including the required response by the driver to the directions of a police officer, traffic signs, signals and markings. Lesson Content Traffic and Vehicle Laws Fact Sheet 4.5 Develop Fact Sheet 4.5 using the guidance given to the right. Duplicate and distribute Fact Sheet 4.5 for students to use as a resource and study guide. States Vehicle Code and/or Driver Manual Duplicate and distribute appropriate sections of the states vehicle code and/or driver manual to explain laws. States Vehicle Code and/or Driver Manual Fact Sheet 4.5: Traffic and Vehicle Laws Materials and Resources
State Specific Traffic and Vehicle Laws
Fact Sheet 4.5 Content Information
During this session, the discussion of traffic laws, signs, signals and pavement markings will be limited to those which, in the normal course of events, would likely be encountered during the first one or two hours of in-car instruction. It is critical that the student better understand that the purpose of traffic laws is to enable highway users to better predict what other users are going to do. Deliberate or inadvertent failure to follow the rules lessens ones ability to predict actions and increases the chance of a collision. Review your states vehicle law with students. Put emphasis on obeying traffic control devices and police officers. The following are some topics to discuss: Police officers Traffic control devices Pavement markings Traffic signs Backing Lane selection Yielding to pedestrians Right of way Rules for school buses & crossing guards Positioning for and while turning Preparing to move vehicle Electronic signal/hand/arm communication Speed restrictions Stopping at signal lights and stop signs Where to stop at intersections Stop line Crosswalks marked or unmarked Edge of intersection
Student will evaluate their knowledge of the content presented in Unit 4 through review questions, key word matchup worksheet and unit test. Lesson Content Review Questions Review Questions Ask review questions to summarize discussion on Unit 4. Unit 4 Review Questions Materials and Resources
1. What are regulatory signs? Give a few examples. Answer: tell the driver about specific laws they must obey; examples: stop sign, yield sign, do not enter, one-way, no turn on red, do not pass, no left turn. 2. What are warning signs? Give a few examples. Answer: tell a driver of possible danger ahead; examples: curve ahead, t-intersection, lane ends, pedestrian crossing, share the road with bicycles, deer crossing, stop sign ahead, ramp speed, railroad crossing, no passing zone. 3. What are guide signs? Give a few examples. Answer: guide drivers to their destination by identifying routes in advance; examples: mile marker, city and street names, exit signs. 4. What are construction zone signs and what color and shape are they? Answer: alert drivers to construction zones ahead, rectangle or diamond shape, orange and black in color. 5. What type of pavement marking tells you when you are allowed to pass another vehicle? Answer: white or yellow broken lines 6. What are white lines used for? Answer: separate lanes of traffic going in the same direction, designate turn lanes, mark the right edge of the roadway, used for arrows to indicate the direction traffic is flowing and which direction you may turn 7. What does a red X in a reversible lane mean? Answer: the lane is closed to traffic going in your direction 8. What does HOV mean? Answer: High Occupancy Vehicles, lanes reserved for vehicles with 2 or more people 9. What do the three colors on a traffic signal indicate? Answer: stop, go and slow, prepare to stop 10. What is the purpose of a shared left-turn lane? Answer: making left turns from either direction in the middle of a roadway where it is difficult to make a left turn safely
Lesson Content Words to Know Review Fact Sheet 4.6 Duplicate and distribute Fact Sheet 4.6. Use the definitions page as a resource for teaching and for the students as a resource and study guide. Worksheet 4.6 Duplicate and distribute. Have students complete the worksheet. Review the answers.
Fact Sheet 4.6: Unit 4 Words to Know Definitions Page
Worksheet 4.6 and Answer Key: Unit 4 Words to Know Matchup
Unit 4 Words to Know Definitions Page
Fact Sheet 4.6 Content Information
Chevron Warning sign, similar to a sideways V or the greater than or less than math symbol > and means sharp curve. Construction zone signs Alert drivers to construction zones ahead, rectangular and diamond in shape, orange and black in color. Crossbuck X shape used for railroad crossing sign Guide signs Guide drivers to their destinations by identifying routes well in advance. Consist of information, cultural points and services and come in a variety of shapes and colors, including green, brown, and blue. HOV High occupancy vehicle, lane reserved for vehicles with two or more people. Incident signs Temporary Traffic Control (TTC) signs that let you know when you should be prepared to stop or when roadways are closed or detoured due to a road user incident, natural disaster, hazardous material spill, or other unplanned incident. These signs are fluorescent pink with black lettering. Regulatory signs Tell the driver about specific laws to obey and regulate the speed and movement of traffic. They are rectangle in shape and can be red/white, white/black or red/white/black in color. Reserved lanes Lanes reserved for special vehicles (i.e., buses, bicycles, high occupancy vehicles) and are marked by special signs, often with a white diamond on the sign or painted on the road surface. Reversible lanes Carries traffic in different directions at different times and are marked with double-dashed yellow lines with signals above the lanes to designate traffic flow. Shared left-turn lane Used for making left turns from either direction in the middle of the roadway where it is difficult to make a left turn safely. Traffic control devices Help ensure highway safety by providing for the orderly and predictable movement of all traffic, motorized and non-motorized, throughout the highway transportation system. These devices tell drivers where they are, where they are going and how to get there. They provide information about laws, dangers and the roadway. Warning signs Tells a driver of a possible danger a short distance ahead and allows the driver time to safely minimize risk. Mostly diamond shape and yellow/black color, some signs, such as school zones, school crossing and pedestrian crossings are fluorescent optic yellow.
Unit 4 Words to Know Matchup
Directions: Match the clues on the left with the words in the list on the right. Place the matching letter in the blank to the left of the number. ________ 1. Signs that tell a driver of a possible danger a short distance ahead and allows the driver time to safely minimize risk. ________ 2. Pavement markings that separate traffic moving in opposite directions. ________ 3. Signs that help drivers get to their destination by identifying routes well in advance. ________ 4. Lanes that change the direction of travel. ________ 5. Lines, arrows, symbols or words painted yellow or white on the roadway to give a driver directions or warnings. ________ 6. Signs that tell the driver about specific laws that a driver must obey. ________ 7. Indicates traffic must stop before entering the intersection and yield to other vehicles and pedestrians before proceeding. ________ 8. Signs that are temporary and let you know when you should be prepared to stop or detour due to an unplanned event. ________9. Indicates a need to slow down and proceed with caution. A. Construction zone signs B. Flashing red signal
C. Flashing yellow signal D. E. Guide signs Incident signs
Reversible lanes Shared left-turn lanes
_______ 10. Signs that are rectangle or diamond shape and orange in color with black lettering. _______ 11. Pavement markings that separate traffic going in the same direction. _______ 12. Lane located in the middle of the roadway for making left turns by vehicles traveling in either direction. _______ 13. Lanes specially marked for certain types of vehicles.
K. Warning signs
L. White line
M. Yellow line
Directions: Match the clues on the left with the words in the list on the right. Place the matching letter in the blank to the left of the number.
____K___1.
Signs that tell a driver of a possible danger a short distance ahead and allows the driver time to safely minimize risk.
A. Construction zone signs B. Flashing red signal C. Flashing yellow signal D. Guide signs E. Incident signs F. Pavement markings
____M___2. Pavement markings that separate traffic moving in opposite directions. ____D___3. ____I___4. ____F___5. Signs that help drivers get to their destination by identifying routes well in advance. Lanes that change the direction of travel. Lines, arrows or words painted yellow or white on the roadway to give a driver directions or warnings. Signs that tell the driver about specific laws that a driver must obey. Indicates traffic must stop before entering the intersection and yield to other vehicles and pedestrians before proceeding. Signs that are temporary and let you know when you should be prepared to stop or detour due to an unplanned event. Indicates a need to slow down and proceed with caution.
____G___6. ____B___7.
G. Regulatory signs
____E___8.
H. Reserved lanes
____C___9.
____A___10. Signs that are rectangle or diamond shape and orange in color with black lettering. ____L___11. Pavement markings that separate traffic going in the same direction. ____J___12. Lane located in the middle of the roadway for making left turns by vehicles traveling in either direction. ____H__13. Lanes specially marked for certain types of vehicles.
Lesson Content Unit Review and Test Slide 4.42 Discuss what the students have learned by the end of this unit.
Slide 4.42: Unit Review
Reading Assignment Assign students the reading material for the next unit. Students might begin reading after they have completed the Unit 4 Test.
Other Textbooks: Drive Right: Chapters 5, 6 and 9 Responsible Driving: Chapters 4, 5, 7, 8 and 12 Other Textbook: _______________ _____________________________
Unit 4 Test Duplicate and distribute the Unit 4 Test. Collect and grade the test. After returning tests to the students, review the answers and clarify any confusion.
Unit 4 Test, page 4-66
In this unit, you learned the following: The purpose of traffic control devices. How to recognize and identify the color, shape and meaning of traffic signs. How to recognize and identify the meaning of traffic control signal lights. How to recognize and identify the meaning of pavement markings. How to describe state specific laws pertaining to the required response by the driver to traffic signs, signals and pavement markings and the directions of a police officer. Key words associated with the unit objectives.
Select the best answer and place the appropriate letter (A, B, C, or D) on the line provided. _______1. The primary purpose of traffic laws are to: A. Get poor drivers off the road B. Collect revenue C. Better enable highway users to predict the actions of other users D. Slow traffic through neighborhoods _______ 2. Right-of-way laws are written: A. As guidelines for determining legal fault B. In terms of who has the right-of-way C. In terms of who must yield the right-of-way D. To allow one driver automatically to go ahead _______ 3. Which line is used to mark the right edge of a road? A. Broken yellow line B. Broken white line C. Solid yellow line D. Solid white line _______ 4. What must you do at a flashing yellow light? A. Slow down and proceed with caution B. Be ready for traffic light ahead C. Stop and wait until light stops flashing D. Stop and proceed only when clear _______ 5. The purpose of a diamond-shaped yellow sign with black markings is to: A. Guide drivers to rest areas. B. Warn of hazards ahead. C. Provide route information. D. Indicate a lower speed limit
_______ 6. A flashing red light at an intersection means that you must: A. Stop and wait until it stops flashing. B. Stop only if there is cross traffic. C. Slow down and proceed with caution. D. Make a complete stop and proceed when the way is clear. _______ 7. The purpose of traffic signs are A. To direct, to decide, to stop. B. To observe, to direct, to guide. C. To stop, to warn, to decide. D. To regulate, to warn, to guide. _______ 8. What type of sign is this? A. Warning sign B. Guide sign C. Regulatory sign D. Construction sign _______ 9. What is the meaning of this sign? A. Sharp curve B. Sharp right turn C. Stay to the right D. Merging traffic _______10. What does this traffic signal indicate? A. All traffic must stop except those going left B. All traffic must stop except those going right C. All traffic must stop D. All traffic may proceed through the intersection
Unit 4 Test Page 2
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