Source: https://www.laptboard.org/index.cfm/rules/practiceact
Timestamp: 2018-07-20 14:34:17
Document Index: 362589431

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 2402', '§ 2403', '§ 2404', '§ 2405', '§ 2406', '§ 2407', '§ 2408', '§ 2409', '§ 2410', '§ 2411', '§ 2411', '§ 2411', '§ 2412', '§ 2413', '§ 2414', '§ 2415', '§ 2416', '§ 2417', '§ 2418', '§ 2419', '§ 2420', '§ 2421', '§ 2422', '§ 2423', '§ 2424']

Chapter 29. Louisiana Physical Therapy Practice Act
Louisiana Revised Statutes 37:2401-37:2424
This Chapter may be cited as the "Louisiana Physical Therapy Practice Act".
§ 2402. Purpose and Intent
A. This Chapter is enacted for the purpose of protecting the public health, safety, and welfare, and to provide for state administrative control, supervision, licensing, and regulation of the practice of physical therapy in Louisiana.
B. It is the intent of this Chapter that only individuals who meet and maintain prescribed standards of competence and conduct may engage in the practice of physical therapy as authorized by this Chapter. This Chapter shall be liberally construed to promote the public interest and to accomplish the purposes stated herein.
§ 2403. Physical therapy board; composition
A. The Louisiana Physical Therapy Board, hereinafter referred to as the "board", is hereby created within the Department of Health and Hospitals. The board shall be domiciled in Lafayette Parish.
B. The board shall consist of seven members who shall be appointed by the governor as follows: (1) Two members shall be physical therapists who possess an unrestricted license to practice physical therapy and who have been practicing in the state for no less than three years. (2) One member shall be a physical therapist who possesses an unrestricted license to practice physical therapy and has been practicing in the state for no less than three years and shall be appointed from a list of names submitted by the Louisiana Hospital Association. (3) Two members shall be physical therapists who possess an unrestricted license to practice physical therapy and have been practicing in the state for no less than three years and shall be appointed from a list of names submitted by the Louisiana Physical Therapy Association. (4) One member shall be a physical therapist assistant who possesses an unrestricted license to assist in the practice of physical therapy as a physical therapist assistant and who has been practicing in the state for no less than three years. (5) One member shall be a physician who possesses an unrestricted license to practice medicine in the state and who specializes in the practice of orthopedic surgery or the practice of physiatry and shall be appointed from a list of names submitted by the Louisiana State Medical Society.
F. No person shall be appointed to the board if they have served for more than two consecutive three year terms.
§ 2404. Board meetings; quorum; officers; compensation
A. The board shall meet at least semiannually, on a date and at a time and place as it may designate, which shall include at least a meeting in January of each year to elect a chairman and secretary-treasurer from its membership. All meetings shall be held at the call of the chairman or at a call of a quorum of members upon not less than ten days written notice, unless such notice is waived. The presence of any member at any such meeting of the board shall constitute a waiver of notice thereof by such member. Notice shall comply with the provisions of R.S. 42:7.
B. Any four members of the board shall constitute a quorum for any business before the board.
C. Each board or committee member shall be entitled to a per diem of one hundred fifty dollars for attendance at board meetings or other official board approved business or activities, plus reimbursement of actual expenses reasonably necessary for attending board or committee meetings or for representing the board or participating in an official board approved activity. Board employees shall be entitled to reimbursement of actual expenses reasonably necessary for participating in or carrying out an official board approved activity.
§ 2405. Powers and duties of the board; limitation
A. The responsibility for enforcement of the provisions of this Chapter is hereby vested in the board, which shall have all the powers, duties, and authority specifically granted by or necessary for the enforcement of this Chapter, including: (1) Establishing rules and procedures for granting licenses, and the requirements therefor, to persons governed by this Chapter, including imposing limitations as to the number of times an examination may be taken and the conditions upon which reexamination may be had, which conditions shall be determined by the board. (2) Issuing licenses to those possessing the necessary qualifications therefor, and taking appropriate administrative action to regulate the practice of physical therapy in the state. (3) Adopting a seal which shall be affixed to all licenses. (4) Adopting rules necessary for the efficient operation of the board in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act, R.S. 49:950 et seq. (5) Keeping a record of all meetings of the board. (6) Publishing and making available a register of all persons licensed under this Chapter, including the name and current address of each licensee. (7) Updating its records annually. (8) Establishing by rule the standards of practice. (9) Reporting annually to the governor and to the presiding officer of each house of the legislature on the condition of the practice of physical therapy in the state, making recommendations for improvement of the practice of physical therapy or the operation of the board, and submitting a record of the proceedings of the board during the year, together with the names of all physical therapists and physical therapist assistants to whom the board issued licenses during the year.
B. The board may: (1) Authorize any member of the board to make any affidavit necessary for the issuance of any injunction or other legal process authorized under this Chapter. (2) Employ counsel to carry out the provisions of this Chapter, if the fees of the counsel and the costs of all proceedings, except criminal prosecutions, are paid by the board out of its own funds. (3) Employ inspectors, special agents, and investigators. (4) Issue subpoenas to require attendance, testimony, and the production of documents to enforce the laws and rules relative to the practice of physical therapy and to secure evidence of violations thereof. (5) Employ an executive director and necessary clerical assistance to carry out the administrative work of the board, fix the compensation thereof, and incur other necessary expenses. (6) Administer oaths in the taking of testimony upon any matters appertaining to the duties of the board. (7) Establish requirements for continuing education by licensees and continuing education course review and approval as the board deems appropriate. (8) Seek injunctive relief to prohibit any person from practicing physical therapy as defined in this Chapter without being licensed as provided herein. (9) Issue cease and desist orders to licensees and other persons or entities who are engaged in any activity, conduct, or practice constituting a violation of any provision of this Chapter or board rule. As to licensees, in addition to the injunctive relief provided for in this Chapter, the failure to comply with a cease and desist order may also be made the basis of disciplinary action. (10) Conduct disciplinary proceedings pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act and impose sanctions on the practice of licensees who have violated this Chapter, the rules of the board, or standards of practice. Sanctions may be imposed by means of voluntary consent orders or by decisions of the board. (11) Require that all costs of board proceedings relating to a specific disciplinary case, including the members' per diem and expenses, the cost of investigators, stenographers, attorney fees, and other reasonably associated costs be reimbursed to the board as a part of a consent order or board decision in that proceeding. (12) Adopt by rule a Patients' Bill of Rights. (13) Appoint licensees or members of the public as Advisory Committee members or to other committees which may be deemed useful in meeting the responsibilities of the board. (14) Adopt by reference all or part of the following codes, guides, and standards of the American Physical Therapy Association: Code of Ethics, Guide for Professional Conduct, Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant, and Guide for Conduct of the Physical Therapist Assistant, except when such are in conflict with this Chapter or the rules of the board. C. The board shall not have authority to expand the practice of physical therapy.
§ 2406. Immunity from personalliability; boards and others; confidentiality
A. There shall be no liability on the part of and no action for damages against: (1) Any member of the board, its agents, employees, attorneys, or any member of a committee appointed or designated by the board, for any action undertaken or performed by such person within the scope of the duties, powers, and functions of the board or such committee when such person is acting without malice and in the reasonable belief that the action taken by him is warranted. (2) Any person or health care entity providing information or reports to the board, its agents or employees, or to a committee appointed or designated by the board, without malice and in the reasonable belief that such information is accurate, including information or reports required by the provisions of R.S. 37:1745.14. Such immunity from liability shall additionally be in accordance with the provisions of R.S. 37:1745.16.
B. Information or reports concerning or relating to improper conduct by or the impairment of a licensed physical therapist or physical therapist assistant provided to the board or gathered by the board through investigation, including in compliance with the provisions of R.S. 37:1745.14, shall be, in accordance with the provisions of R.S. 37:1745.15, confidential.
§ 2407. Practice of physical therapy defined
A. When used in this Chapter, the following words and phrases shall have the following meaning, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise: (1) "Initial physical therapy evaluation" means the physical therapy assessment and resulting interpretation of a patient's condition through use of patient history, signs, symptoms, objective tests, or measurements to determine neuromusculoskeletal and biomechanical dysfunctions to determine the need for physical therapy. The conclusions of such initial physical therapy evaluation may be reported to the patient and may be used to establish treatment goals. The results of an initial physical therapy evaluation or physical therapy consultation shall be reported to the referring or treating physician, dentist, chiropractor, or podiatrist. (2) "Physical therapist" includes equally physiotherapist, physical therapist, and P.T. and is a person who is a graduate of an accredited school of physical therapy, which school, at the time of graduation was approved by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education or the board and who practices physical therapy as defined in this Chapter. (3) "Physical therapist assistant" includes equally physical therapist assistant, physiotherapist assistant, and P.T.A., and is a person who is a graduate of an accredited school of physical therapist assisting, which school, at the time of graduation, was approved by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education or the board. A physical therapist assistant assists in the practice of physical therapy in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, and works under the supervision of a physical therapist by performing such patient-related activities assigned by a physical therapist which are commensurate with the physical therapist assistant's education, training, and experience. (4) "Physical therapy", noun and adjective, means equally physiotherapy and physical therapy. (5) "Practice of physical therapy" is the health care profession practiced by a physical therapist licensed under this Chapter and means the holding out of one's self to the public as a physical therapist and as being engaged in the business of, or the actual engagement in, the evaluation and treatment of any physical or medical condition to restore normal function of the neuromuscular and skeletal system, to relieve pain, or to prevent disability by use of physical or mechanical means, including therapeutic exercise, mobilization, passive manipulation, therapeutic modalities, and activities or devices for preventative, therapeutic, or medical purposes, and further shall include physical therapy evaluation, treatment planning, instruction, consultative services, and the supervision of physical therapy supportive personnel, including physical therapist assistants.
B. As used in this Chapter, "physical therapy" does not include the use of roentgen rays and radium, isotopes, and ionizing radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
C. In seeking and receiving reimbursement for services, an initial physical therapy evaluation as defined in this Chapter shall be considered a physical therapy diagnosis and shall not constitute the practice of medicine.
D. Words used in one gender apply also to the other, except as otherwise clearly indicated by the context.
§ 2408. License required; limitations
A. No person shall practice, or in any way hold himself out, or designate himself, as a physical therapist or a physical therapist assistant unless licensed by the board.
B. A person employed as a physical therapist or a physical therapist assistant by the United States government, or any department, agency, or bureau thereof, shall not be required to obtain a license under the provisions of this Chapter. However, such person may engage in the practice of physical therapy outside the course and scope of such federal employment only after obtaining a license in accordance with this Chapter. C. A license issued pursuant to this Chapter does not authorize the diagnosis of disease.
§ 2409. Qualifications for license; physical therapists
To qualify for a license as a physical therapist, an applicant shall: (1) Be at least twenty-one years of age. (2) Be a citizen of the United States or have obtained legal authority to work in the United States, and have proper documentation evidencing this fact. (3) Be of good moral character. (4) Have paid all fees required by this Chapter. (5) Have graduated from a school of physical therapy, which school, at the time of such graduation, was approved by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education or the board. (6) Pass an examination to the satisfaction of the board as provided for in R.S. 37:2414.
§ 2410. Qualifications for License; Foreign Graduates
A graduate of a school of physical therapy outside of the United States may qualify for a license as a physical therapist upon compliance with the provisions of R.S. 37:2409(1), (2), (3), (4), and (6) as well as with all of the following provisions:
(1)	(a)	Provides satisfactory evidence of successful completion of a foreign physical therapy education curriculum that is substantially equivalent to the requirements for physical therapists educated in accredited physical therapy schools located within the United States.
(b)	A graduate of a foreign physical therapy education curriculum shall establish substantial equivalence by presenting documentation satisfactory to the board of the successful completion of all of the following:
i)	A foreign physical therapy education curriculum accredited by a board-approved accrediting agency containing courses which prepared the applicant to work as a physical therapist and that is recognized by the educational regulatory authority where the school is located.
ii)	A credential evaluation as directed by the board that determines that the candidate has met uniform criteria for educational requirements as further established by board rule.
iii)	Any additional education as required by the board.
(2)	Provides proof of identity in the form of a valid drivers license and social security card, passport, as additionally provided by the board.
(3)	Provides documentation satisfactory to the board of verification of any and all professional or trade licenses, certifications, and permits, past or present, held in any country, province, or state, including the United States, as required by the board.
(4)	Achieves a passing score on a board-approved English proficiency examination if the applicant’s native language is not English.
(5)	Completes supervised clinical practice requirements as defined by board rule.
(6)	Meets all additional requirements established by board rule.
§ 2411. Qualifications for license; physical therapist assistant
To be qualified for a license as a physical therapist assistant, an applicant shall: (1) Be at least nineteen years of age. (2) Be of good moral character. (3) Have paid all fees required by this Chapter. (4) Have graduated from an accredited school of physical therapist assisting, which school, at the time of such graduation, was approved by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education or the board. However, the board shall not require an applicant to have completed a course of training in excess of that required for an associate degree. (5) Pass an examination to the satisfaction of the board as provided for in R.S. 37:2414
§ 2411.1. Physical Therapist Assistant; Foreign Graduates
A graduate of a school of physical therapy assisting outside of the United States may qualify for a license as a physical therapy assistant upon compliance with the provisions of R.S. 37:2411(1), (2), (3), and (5), as well as with all of the following provisions:
(1)	(a)	Provides satisfactory evidence of successful completion of a foreign physical therapy assistant education curriculum that is substantially equivalent to the requirements for physical therapy assistants educated in accredited physical therapy schools located within the United States.
(b)	A graduate of a foreign physical therapy assistant education curriculum shall establish substantial equivalence by presenting documentation satisfactory to the board of the successful completion of all of the following:
i)	A foreign physical therapy assistant education curriculum accredited by a board-approved accrediting agency containing courses which prepared the applicant to work as a physical therapist assistant and that is recognized by the educational regulatory authority where the school is located.
ii)	A credentials evaluation as directed by the board that determines that the candidate has met uniform criteria for educational requirements as further established by board rule.
(2)	Provides indisputable proof of identity as specified by the board.
(3)	Provides documentation satisfactory to the board of verification of all professional or trade licenses, certifications, and permits, past or present, held in any country, province, or state, including the United States, as required by the board.
(4)	Achieves a passing score on board-approved English proficiency examinations if the applicant's native language is not English.
§ 2411.2. Physical Therapist Assistant; Military Training
An applicant who has completed a United States armed services program of training not accredited by a national accreditation agency approved by the board may qualify for a license as a physical therapist assistant upon compliance with the provisions of R.S. 37:2411(1), (2), (3), and (5), as well as with both of the following provisions:
(1)	(a)	Provides satisfactory evidence of successful completion of a United States armed services program of training that is substantially equivalent to the requirements for physical therapist assistants educated in an accredited entry-level program as determined by the board.
(b)	A physical therapist assistant trained in the United States armed services shall establish substantial equivalence by presenting documentation satisfactory to the board of the successful completion of all of the following:
i)	A United States armed services program of training accredited by a board-approved accrediting agency containing courses which prepared the applicant to work as a physical therapist assistant.
(2)	Meets all additional requirements established by board rule.
§ 2412. License reciprocity
In its discretion, the board may waive examination, and may license an applicant who is licensed and in good standing under the laws of another state, territory, or district, if the requirements for licensing of physical therapists or physical therapist assistants were, at the date of licensing therein, substantially equal to the requirements then or subsequently in force in Louisiana, and if the state, territory, or district from whence the applicant comes accords a similar licensing privilege without examination to licensees under this Chapter.
§ 2413. Application for license
A. An applicant for a license as a physical therapist or a physical therapist assistant shall file a written application on forms provided by the board, together with the required license fee. In addition to meeting all other application requirements provided by this Chapter or board rules the applicant shall present evidence satisfactory to the board of his qualifications as required under this Chapter.
B. In order to determine an applicant's suitability for licensing, the board may require applicants for initial licensure to furnish a full set of fingerprints to facilitate a criminal background investigation. The board shall submit it to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a national criminal history background check. The Louisiana State Police shall report the result of the criminal history background check to the board which may use that information to determine the applicant's moral character and suitability for licensing. C. In addition to the fees authorized by this Chapter, the board may require the applicant to reimburse the board or the law enforcement agency for the expense of fingerprinting and facilitating the criminal background check.
§ 2414. Examination
The board shall provide for the examination of applicants for licensing as physical therapists or physical therapist assistants under such terms and conditions as it may determine. The examination shall test the applicant's knowledge of such subjects as the board may deem useful in determining the applicant's fitness to practice physical therapy and may include demonstrations and written and oral tests.
§ 2415. Issuance of license; updating contact information
A. If an applicant meets the requirements of this Chapter, the board shall issue the applicant a license to practice physical therapy.
B. Each licensee is responsible for reporting a name change and changes in business and home address, telephone numbers, and e-mail address to the board within thirty days of such change.
§ 2416. Emergency Exemptions
No license is required by this Chapter under the following circumstances: (1) A physical therapist who is licensed in a jurisdiction of the United States and who enters this state to provide physical therapy during a declared local, state, or national disaster or emergency. This exemption applies for no longer than sixty days following the declaration of the emergency. In order to be eligible for this exemption the physical therapist shall notify the board of his intent to practice within the state. (2) A physical therapist licensed in a jurisdiction of the United States who is forced to leave his residence or place of employment due to a declared local, state, or national disaster or emergency and as a result of such displacement seeks to practice physical therapy. This exemption applies for no more than sixty days following the declaration of the emergency. In order to be eligible for this exemption the physical therapist shall notify the board of his intent to practice within the state. (3) A physical therapist assistant who is licensed in a jurisdiction of the United States and is assisting a physical therapist engaged specifically in activities related to Paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Subsection.
§ 2417. License renewal
A. A license issued under the provisions of this Chapter shall be renewed by its holder in accordance with the rules of the board.
B. Any license not renewed in accordance with the rules of the board shall automatically expire at the end of its term, after which the licensee shall not practice in Louisiana.
C. An expired license may be reinstated upon application to the board by the licensee with a satisfactory explanation for the failure to renew and the payment of both the renewal fee and reinstatement fee. The denial of such application is subject to review by the courts.
§ 2418. Authority to practice as a physical therapist or physical therapist assist
A. A physical therapist or physical therapist assistant licensed in Louisiana is authorized to practice physical therapy as defined in this Chapter. A physical therapist is responsible for managing all aspects of the physical therapy care of each patient.
B. (1) Without prescription or referral, a physical therapist may perform an initial evaluation or consultation of a screening nature to determine the need for physical therapy and may perform physical therapy or other services provided in Subsection C of this Section.
(2) (a) For the treatment of a condition within the scope of physical therapy, other than under the circumstances provided for in Subsection C of this Section, a physical therapist may implement physical therapy treatment with or without a prescription or referral of a person licensed to practice medicine, surgery, dentistry, podiatry, or chiropractic if the physical therapist meets one of the following criteria:
(i) The physical therapist has a doctorate degree in physical therapy from an accredited institution.
(ii) The physical therapist has five years of licensed clinical practice experience.
(b) If, after thirty calendar days of implementing physical therapy treatment pursuant to this Paragraph, the patient has not made measurable or functional improvement, the physical therapist shall refer the patient to an appropriate healthcare provider. The board shall take appropriate disciplinary action against any physical therapist who fails to refer a patient pursuant to this Paragraph.
(3) No physical therapist shall render a medical diagnosis of disease.
(4) (a) The provisions of this Section shall not be construed to have any effect on the provisions of R.S. 23:1121 or R.S.23:1203.1.
(b) The provisions of this Section shall not be construed to have any effect on the monetary limit provided for in R.S. 23:1142.
C. Physical therapy services may be performed without a prescription or referral under any of the following circumstances:
(1) To a child with a diagnosed developmental disability pursuant to the child's plan of care.
(2) To a patient of a home health care agency pursuant to the patient's plan of care.
(3) To a patient in a nursing home pursuant to the patient's plan of care.
(5) To an individual for a previously diagnosed condition or conditions for which physical therapy services are appropriate after informing the health care provider rendering the diagnosis. The diagnosis shall have been made within the previous ninety days. The physical therapist shall provide the health care provider who rendered such diagnosis with a plan of care for physical therapy services within the first fifteen days of physical therapy intervention.
D. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to create liability of any kind for the health care provider rendering the diagnosis pursuant to Paragraph (C)(5) of this Section for a condition, illness, or injury that manifested itself after such diagnosis or for any alleged damages as a result of physical therapy services performed without a prescription or referral from a person licensed to practice medicine, surgery, dentistry, podiatry, or chiropractic.
E. Physical therapy services performed without a prescription or referral from a person licensed to practice medicine, surgery, dentistry, podiatry, or chiropractic shall not be construed to mandate coverage for physical therapy services under any health care plan, insurance policy, or workers' compensation plan or circumvent any requirement for preauthorization of services in accordance with any health care plan, insurance policy, or workers' compensation plan.
F.(1) A person licensed under this Chapter as a physical therapist assistant shall perform treatments only under the direction and supervision of a licensed physical therapist. The duties assigned to the physical therapist assistant shall be commensurate with the physical therapist assistant's education, training, and experience. (2) Notwithstanding any provision of law or rule to the contrary, the supervision requirements of a physical therapist assistant shall only be the following: (a) It is the responsibility of each physical therapist to determine the number of physical therapist assistants he can supervise safely; however, in no case shall the number of individuals supervised by a physical therapist exceed five individuals, nor exceed the following limitations as to supervised personnel; (i) No more than four physical therapist assistants or technicians or any combination thereof. (ii) No more than two provisional licensees. (iii) No more than five students. (b) A supervising physical therapist is responsible for and shall participate in the patient's care. (c) A supervising physical therapist shall be readily accessible by beeper or telephone and available to the patient by the next scheduled treatment session upon request of the patient or physical therapist assistant. (d) A physical therapist assistant's duties shall not include interpretation or implementation of referrals or prescriptions, performance of evaluations, or the determination or major modification of treatment programs. (e) A supervising physical therapist shall hold documented conferences with the physical therapist assistant regarding the patient. The physical therapist is responsible for determining the frequency of the conferences consistent with accepted standards of practice; however, such conference shall occur at least every sixth treatment day or every thirty days, whichever occurs first. (f) A supervising physical therapist shall treat and reassess the patient at least every sixth treatment day or every thirty days, whichever occurs first. (g) a supervising physical therapist shall treat the patient for his final treatment session when feasible and write a discharge summary. (3) A physical therapist assistant shall in no way hold himself out to be a physical therapist and shall make known to patients his title as a licensed physical therapist assistant. (4) Notwithstanding any rule or regulation to the contrary, for the purposes of supervision of physical therapist assistants by a physical therapist, a nursing home as defined by R.S. 40:2009.2(1) shall not be defined as a place of residence or as a home health setting. Any rule or regulation to the contrary shall be null and void. Supervision requirements for a physical therapist assistant performing treatments in a nursing home shall be consistent regardless of whether the patient is in a skilled or non-skilled nursing bed.
§ 2419. Use of titles and terms; restrictions
A. The board shall determine by rule the appropriate use of professional credentials by licensees.
B. No person or business entity, its employees, agents, or representatives shall use in connection with that person's name or the name or activity of the business, the words "physical therapy", "physical therapist", "physiotherapy", "physiotherapist", "registered physical therapist", "licensed physical therapist", "doctor of physical therapy", the letters "PT", "DPT", "LPT", "RPT", or any other words, abbreviations, or insignia indicating or implying directly or indirectly that physical therapy is provided or supplied, unless such services are provided by or under the direction of a physical therapist licensed pursuant to this Chapter.
C. No person or business entity shall advertise or otherwise promote another person as being a "physical therapist" or "physiotherapist" unless the individual so advertised or promoted is licensed as a physical therapist under this Chapter. No person or business entity shall offer, provide, or bill any other person for "physical therapy" or "physiotherapy" unless the individual performing those services is licensed pursuant to this Chapter.
D. A physical therapist assistant shall use the letters "PTA" immediately following his name to designate licensure under this Chapter.
E. No person shall use the title "physical therapist assistant", the letters "PTA", or any other words, abbreviations, or insignia in connection with that person's name to indicate or imply, directly or indirectly, that the person is a physical therapist assistant unless the person is licensed as a physical therapist assistant pursuant to this Chapter.
§ 2420. Disciplinary actions
A. After due notice and hearing, the board may refuse to license any applicant, or may refuse to renew the license of any person, or may restrict, suspend, or revoke any license upon proof that the person has: (1) Practiced physical therapy in violation of the provisions of this Chapter, the rules of the board, or standards of practice. (2) Attempted to or obtained a license by fraud or misrepresentation. (3) Committed repeated acts of negligence or incompetence in the practice of physical therapy. (4) Been convicted of a felony in the courts of any state, district, territory, or country. Conviction, as used in this Paragraph, shall include a plea or verdict of guilty, an admission or finding of guilt, or a plea of nolo contendere. (5) Been habitually intemperate or abused controlled dangerous substances as defined by federal or Louisiana law. (6) Had his license to practice physical therapy revoked or suspended, or has had other disciplinary action taken against him, or has had his application for a license refused, revoked, or suspended by the authorities of another state, district, territory, or country. (7) Been found guilty of unprofessional conduct or sexual misconduct, including but not limited to departure from, or failure to conform to, the minimal standards of acceptable and prevailing physical therapy practice, in which proceeding actual injury to a patient need not be established. (8) Engaged directly or indirectly in the division, transferring, assigning, rebating, or refunding of fees received for professional service with a referring practitioner or any relative or business associate of that referring practitioner. However, nothing in this Paragraph shall be construed as prohibiting the members of any properly organized business entity recognized by law and comprised of physical therapists from dividing that amount of fees received for professional services among themselves as they determine by contract necessary to defray their joint operating expenses.
B. Any action of the board taken under this Section shall be subject to notice requirements and hearing, adjudication, and appeal proceedings in accordance with the rules adopted by the board and the Administrative Procedure Act.
C. Refusal to grant a license for failure to pass the licensing examination required by the board shall not require notice and a hearing.
§ 2421. Violations; penalties
A. No person shall: (1) Sell or falsely obtain or furnish any physical therapy diploma or license, or aid or abet therein. (2) Practice physical therapy without a lawfully issued, current, and valid license, except as otherwise provided in this Chapter. (3) Use in connection with his name any designation tending to imply that he is a licensed physical therapist or a physical therapist assistant unless duly licensed to practice under the provisions of this Chapter.
B. Any person who, or legal entity which, commits or assists in the commission of any violation listed in Subsection A of this Section, or any legal entity which knowingly employs a person who engages in, or which legal entity otherwise facilitates or assists in the unlicensed practice of physical therapy shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned for not less than thirty days nor more than six months, or both, and, in addition, a board licensee may have his license restricted, suspended, or revoked by the board. Each violation shall constitute a separate offense, and, for such additional violations, at the discretion of the court, such person or legal entity may be subject to a fine of not less than five hundred dollars or imprisonment of not less than six months, or both.
§ 2422. Cease and desist orders; injunction; attorney fees; costs
A. In addition to or in lieu of the criminal penalties or administrative remedies or sanctions provided in this Chapter or board rule, the board may issue an order to any licensee or other person or entity engaged in any activity, conduct, or practice constituting a violation of any provision of this Chapter or board rule, other than a person holding a license as a health care provider from another Louisiana licensing board, directing such person or entity to forthwith cease and desist from such activity, conduct, or practice. Such order shall be issued in the name of the state of Louisiana, under the official seal of the board. With regard to a person licensed as a health care provider by another Louisiana licensing board, notification of suspected violations of this Chapter or of board rules shall be sent to the director of the board which issued a license to that person for review and response to the Louisiana Physical Therapy Board from that licensing board.
B. If the person or entity to whom the board directs a cease and desist order does not cease and desist the prohibited activity, conduct, or practice within three business days from receipt of such cease and desist order, the board, through its proper officer or agent, may seek and cause to issue in any court of competent jurisdiction and venue a writ of injunction, including a temporary restraining order, enjoining any such person or entity from engaging in the proscribed activity, conduct, or practice.
C. In a suit for an injunction, the board may demand of the defendant reasonable attorney fees, associated investigative and administrative expenses, and the costs of court. The judgment for attorney fees, expenses, and costs may be rendered in the same judgment in which the injunction is made absolute.
D.(1) Upon proper showing by the board that such person or entity has engaged in any activity, conduct, or practice prohibited by this Chapter or board rule, the court shall issue a temporary restraining order enjoining the person or entity from engaging in such unlawful activity, conduct, or practice pending the hearing on a preliminary injunction, and, in due course, a permanent injunction shall be issued after a hearing, commanding the cessation of the unlawful activity, conduct, or practice complained of, all without the necessity of the board having to give bond as ordinarily required in such cases. (2) A temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction, or permanent injunction issued pursuant to this Section shall not be subject to being released upon bond.
E. The trial of the proceeding for injunction shall be summary and by the judge without a jury.
§ 2423. Exemptions; prohibitions
A. This Chapter does not restrict a person licensed under any other law of this state from engaging in the profession or practice for which that person is licensed if that person does not represent, imply, or claim that he is a physical therapist or a provider of physical therapy.
B. A person who is not licensed as a physical therapist or a physical therapist assistant in accordance with this Chapter may be employed in a hospital, institution, clinic, physician's office, or athletic training room to administer treatment under the direction and supervision of a licensed physician; however, the treatment administered shall not be identified as physical therapy, and further provided that such person administering such treatment shall not hold himself out, nor be held out by others as a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant.
C. No provision in this Chapter shall preclude either physical therapists or other health care providers from billing for or being reimbursed for physical medicine procedures, therapy treatments, or physical modalities which they are licensed to perform and which fall within their respective scope of practice. D. Physical therapists may not profess to provide "spinal manipulation" or "spinal adjustment" or use these terms for advertising purposes. However, this Chapter shall preclude other health care providers from professing the practice of physical therapy and from the use of the terms "physical therapy", "P.T.", or "physiotherapy" for advertising purposes unless licensed under this Chapter.
§ 2424. Fees; Receipts and Disbursements
A.	The board may establish and collect fees, which shall be deposited into the treasury of the board. The fees shall be established by rule adopted in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, R.S. 49:950 et seq., and shall not exceed the schedule provided for in Subsections C and D of this Section.
B.	All board expenses and compensation of board members and employees shall be paid out of board funds only, and shall not be charged to the state. The financial records of the board shall be subject to an annual audit.
C.	Fees assessed by the board shall not exceed the following amounts:
(1)	Application fee	$400.00
(2)	Reinstatement fee	$200.00
(3)	Annual license renewal fee	$200.00
(4)	License verification fee	$ 50.00
(5)	Duplicate wall license fee	$ 50.00
(6)	Duplicate wallet license fee	$ 50.00
D.	(1)	Fees assessed by the board to a course or activity sponsor for board review of a course or activity of continuing education shall not exceed two-hundred fifty dollars.
(2)	Fees assessed by the board on a licensee for review of a course or activity of continuing education shall not exceed twenty dollars. This fee shall apply only if a licensee intends to earn continuing education credit for a course or activity in which the sponsor has not sought review or obtained approval by the board.