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Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 92145679', 'Application No. 9295517', 'Application No. 92241473', 'Application No. 9133147', 'Application No. 92145679', 'Application No. 9295517', 'Application No. 92241473', 'Application No. 9133147', 'Application No. 53', 'Application No. 53', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 61', 'Application No. 63', 'Application No. 63', 'Application No. 63', 'Application No. 63', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 2', 'Application No. 4', 'Application No. 4', 'Application No. 63', 'Application No. 63', 'Application No. 4', 'Application No. 4', 'Application No. 4', 'Application No. 4', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08', 'Application No. 08']

Patent US5916934 - Elastomeric compounds incorporating partially coated carbon blacks - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsDisclosed are elastomeric compounds including an elastomer, a silica coated carbon black, and optionally including a coupling agent. Elastomeric compounds incorporating an elastomer and an oxidized, partially coated carbon black are also disclosed. Also disclosed are silica coated carbon black/elastomeric...http://www.google.com/patents/US5916934?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5916934 - Elastomeric compounds incorporating partially coated carbon blacksAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5916934 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/750,016PCT numberPCT/US1996/007309Publication dateJun 29, 1999Filing dateMay 21, 1996Priority dateMay 22, 1995Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA2221573A1, CA2221573C, CN1190980A, EP0827523A1, WO1996037546A1Publication number08750016, 750016, PCT/1996/7309, PCT/US/1996/007309, PCT/US/1996/07309, PCT/US/96/007309, PCT/US/96/07309, PCT/US1996/007309, PCT/US1996/07309, PCT/US1996007309, PCT/US199607309, PCT/US96/007309, PCT/US96/07309, PCT/US96007309, PCT/US9607309, US 5916934 A, US 5916934A, US-A-5916934, US5916934 A, US5916934AInventorsKhaled Mahmud, Meng-Jiao Wang, Steven R. Reznek, James A. BelmontOriginal AssigneeCabot CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (100), Non-Patent Citations (173), Referenced by (35), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElastomeric compounds incorporating partially coated carbon blacks
US 5916934 AAbstract
Disclosed are elastomeric compounds including an elastomer, a silica coated carbon black, and optionally including a coupling agent. Elastomeric compounds incorporating an elastomer and an oxidized, partially coated carbon black are also disclosed. Also disclosed are silica coated carbon black/elastomeric formulations using a variety of elastomers useful in a variety of product applications.
1. An elastomeric compound comprising:an elastomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, poly chloroprene, natural rubber, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, styrene butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, polyacrylic rubber, polyepichlorohydrin, ethylene vinyl acetate and blends of the foregoing; and a silica coated carbon black, and wherein at least a portion of said silica coated carbon black has an organic group attached thereto, and is optionally treated with a silane coupling agent. 2. The elastomeric compound of claim 1 wherein said silica coated carbon black is present in an amount of from between about 10 and 300 parts per hundred parts of said elastomer.
3. The elastomeric compound of claim 2 wherein said silica coated carbon black is present in an amount of from between about 100 and 200 parts per hundred parts of said elastomer.
4. The elastomeric compound of claim 1 wherein said silica coated carbon black is present in an amount of from between about 10 and 150 parts per hundred parts of said elastomer.
5. The elastomeric compound of claim 4 wherein said silica coated carbon black is present in an amount of from between about 20 and 80 parts per hundred parts of said elastomer.
6. An article of manufacture formed from the elastomeric compound of claim 1.
7. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into weatherstripping.
8. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into coolant hose.
9. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into hydraulic hose.
10. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into fuel hose.
11. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into an engine mount.
12. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into a bushing.
13. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into a power belt.
14. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into a conveyor belt.
15. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into a power transmission belt.
16. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into a seal.
17. The article of claim 6 wherein said elastomeric compound is formed into a gasket.
18. An elastomeric compound comprising an elastomer and a silica coated carbon black, wherein said carbon black is at least partially coated with silica, andwherein at least a portion of said silica coated carbon black has an organic group attached thereto, and is optionally treated with a silane coupling agent. 19. The elastomeric compound of claim 18, wherein said elastomer is selected from the group consisting of solution SBR, natural rubber, functional solution SBR, emulsion SBR, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and blends of any of the foregoing.
20. The elastomeric compound of claim 18, wherein said silica coated carbon black contains between about 0.5% and about 10% silicon, by weight.
21. The elastomeric compound of claim 20, wherein said silica coated carbon black contains between about 2% and about 6% silicon, by weight.
22. The elastomeric compound of claim 18 further comprising a coupling agent.
23. The elastomeric compound of claim 22, wherein said coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of silane coupling agents, zirconate coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, nitro coupling agents, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
24. The elastomeric compound of claim 23, wherein said coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane, 3-thiocyanatopropyl-triethoxy silane, γ-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxy silane, zirconium dineoalkanolatodi(3-mercapto) propionato-O, N,N'-bis(2-methyl-2-nitropropyl)-1,6-diaminohexane and mixtures of the foregoing.
25. A method for improving the hysteresis of an elastomeric compound comprising compounding an elastomeric compound as defined in claim 18, wherein said silica coated carbon black imparts to the elastomer higher loss tangent at low temperature and a lower loss tangent at high temperature, compared to an uncoated carbon black.
26. The elastomeric compound of claim 1, further comprising silica.
27. The elastomeric compound of claim 1, further comprising carbon black, silica, or combinations thereof.
28. The elastomeric compound of claim 18, wherein said organic group is Ar--Sn --Ar' or Ar--Sn --Ar", wherein Ar and Ar' are independently arylene groups, Ar" is an aryl, and n is 1 to 8.
29. The elastomeric compound of claim 1, further comprising a carbon black having an organic group attached thereto.
30. The elastomeric compound of claim 1, further comprising carbon black.
31. The elastomeric compound of claim 1, wherein said elastomeric composition further comprises a carbon black having an organic group attached thereto, silica, carbon black, or mixtures thereof.
32. A formulation for making an elastomeric composition, comprising an elastomer and a silica coated carbon black, wherein at least a portion of said silica coated carbon black has an organic group attached thereto, and is optionally treated with a silane coupling agent.
33. The formulation of claim 32, further comprising a coupling agent.
This application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Nos. 08/446,140, filed May 22, 1995 now abandoned, and 08/528,896, filed Sep. 15, 1995 now abandoned, and is a National Phase Application of PCT/US96/07309, filed May 21, 1996.
The present invention relates to novel elastomeric compounds exhibiting improved hysteresis properties. More particularly, the invention relates to novel elastomeric compounds incorporating silica coated carbon blacks.
Carbon blacks are generally produced in a furnace-type reactor by pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock with hot combustion gases to produce combustion products containing particulate carbon black. Carbon black exists in the form of aggregates. The aggregates, in turn are formed of carbon black particles. However, carbon black particles do not generally exist independently of the carbon black aggregate. Carbon blacks are generally characterized on the basis of analytical properties, including, but not limited to particle size and specific surface area; aggregate size, shape, and distribution; and chemical and physical properties of the surface. The properties of carbon blacks are analytically determined by tests known to the art. For example, nitrogen adsorption surface area (measured by ASTM test procedure D3037-Method A) and cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide adsorption value (CTAB) (measured by ASTM test procedure D3765 09.01!), are measures of specific surface area. Dibutylphthalate absorption of the crushed (CDBP) (measured by ASTM test procedure D3493-86) and uncrushed (DBP) carbon black (measured by ASTM test procedure D2414-93), relates to the aggregate structure. The bound rubber value relates to the surface activity of the carbon black. The properties of a given carbon black depend upon the conditions of manufacture and may be modified, e.g., by altering temperature, pressure, feedstock, residence time, quench temperature, throughput, and other parameters.
When the silica is chemically coupled to the elastomer, certain performance characteristics of the resulting elastomeric composition are enhanced. When incorporated into vehicle tires, such elastomeric compounds provide improved hysteresis balance. However, elastomer compounds containing silica as the primary reinforcing agent exhibit low thermal conductivity, high electrical resistivity, high density and poor processibility.
It is an object of the present invention to provide novel elastomeric compounds exhibiting improved hysteresis balance. It is another object to provide an elastomeric compound incorporating silica coated carbon blacks. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an elastomeric compound incorporating silica coated carbon blacks, wherein the carbon black may be efficiently coupled to the elastomer with a coupling agent. Such a carbon black may be employed for example, in tire compounds, industrial rubber products and other rubber goods. It is a further object of the present invention to provide silica coated carbon black/elastomeric formulations using a variety of elastomers useful in a variety of product applications. Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and claims.
The present invention is directed to an elastomeric compound including an elastomer and a silica coated carbon black, and optionally including a coupling agent. The silica coated carbon black imparts to the elastomer improved hysteresis compared to an uncoated carbon black. The invention is also directed to silica coated carbon black/elastomeric formulations using a variety of elastomers useful in a variety of product applications.
Elastomeric compounds having desirable hysteresis and other properties may be obtained by compounding an elastomer with a silica coated carbon black.
The silica coated carbon blacks may be obtained by coating a silicon oxide compound onto at least a portion of the carbon black aggregate. Any carbon black may be used.
The carbon black may be fully or partially coated with a silicon oxide compound by a number of different methods. One such method is taught in Japanese (Kokai) patent application No. HEI 5(1993)-178604. To prepare the silica coated carbon black, an organo-silicate such as tetraethylorthosilicate, or a silane such as tetraethoxysilane, may be diluted with a solvent such as methanol to produce a silicon compound solution having a concentration of between about 1 and 20% by weight of the silicon compound. Another solution is made by adding 5-20% of a 28% aqueous ammonia solution to ethanol.
A carbon black is then slowly added to the ammonia solution, while continuously stirring the mixture. Simultaneously, the silicon compound solution is added dropwise to the ammonia solution. After up to several hours of this operation, the silica coated carbon black is extracted, filtered and dried.
A carbon black coated with silica, thus made, is expected to impart advantages over carbon black, silica, or mixtures thereof in an elastomer. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that such a silica coated carbon black would have more functional groups, specifically silanols, on its surface, allowing for greater interaction with a coupling agent, thereby improving hysteresis when compounded with an elastomer compared to uncoated carbon black. The silica coated carbon black is also expected to impart significant advantages over silica in an elastomer. Accordingly, less coupling agent would be required, resulting in reduced compounding costs.
Elastomeric compounds incorporating a silica coated carbon black as disclosed above may be additionally compounded with one or more coupling agents to further enhance the properties of the elastomeric compound. Coupling agents, as used herein, include, but are not limited to, compounds that are capable of coupling fillers such as carbon black or silica to an elastomer. Useful coupling agents include, but are not limited to, silane coupling agents such as bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (Si-69), 3-thiocyanatopropyl-triethoxy silane (Si-264, from Degussa AG), γ-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxy silane (A189, from Union Carbide Corp., Danbury, Conn.); zirconate coupling agents, such as zirconium dineoalkanolatodi(3-mercapto) propionato-O (NZ 66A, from Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc., of Bayonne, N.J.); titanate coupling agents; nitro coupling agents such as N,N'-bis(2-methyl-2-nitropropyl)-1,6-diaminohexane (Sumifine 1162, from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Japan); and mixtures of any of the foregoing. The coupling agents may be provided as a mixture with a suitable carrier, for example X50-S, a mixture of Si-69 and N330 carbon black, available from Degussa AG.
The silica coated carbon blacks incorporated in the elastomeric compound of the present invention may be oxidized and/or combined with a coupling agent. Suitable oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to, nitric acid and similar compounds. Coupling agents include, but are not limited to, any of the coupling agents set forth above.
The partially coated embodiments of the present invention may further have an organic group attached. One process for attaching an organic group to the carbon black involves the reaction of at least one diazonium salt with a carbon black in the absence of an externally applied current sufficient to reduce the diazonium salt. That is, the reaction between the diazonium salt and the carbon black proceeds without an external source of electrons sufficient to reduce the diazonium salt. Mixtures of different diazonium salts may be used. This process can be carried out under a variety of reaction conditions and in any type of reaction medium, including both protic and aprotic solvent systems or slurries.
The diazonium salt may be prepared prior to reaction with the silica coated carbon black or, more preferably, generated in situ using techniques known in the art. In situ generation also allows the use of unstable diazonium salts such as alkyl diazonium salts and avoids unnecessary handling or manipulation of the diazonium salt. In particularly preferred processes, both the nitrous acid and the diazonium salt are generated in situ.
A diazonium salt, as is known in the art, may be generated by reacting a primary amine, a nitrite and an acid. The nitrite may be any metal nitrite, preferably lithium nitrite, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, or zinc nitrite, or any organic nitrite such as for example isoamylnitrite or ethyinitrite. The acid may be any acid, inorganic or organic, which is effective in the generation of the diazonium salt. Preferred acids include nitric acid, HNO3, hydrochloric acid, HCl, and sulfuric acid, H2 SO4.
The reaction between a diazonium salt and a silica coated carbon black forms a silica coated carbon black having an organic group attached to the carbon black. The diazonium salt may contain the organic group to be attached to the silica coated carbon black. It may be possible to produce the carbon black products by other means known to those skilled in the art.
The organic group may be an aliphatic group, a cyclic organic group, or an organic compound having an aliphatic portion and a cyclic portion. As discussed above, the diazonium salt employed can be derived from a primary amine having one of these groups and being capable of forming, even transiently, a diazonium salt. The organic group may be substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched. Aliphatic groups include, for example, groups derived from alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates. Cyclic organic groups include, but are not limited to, alicyclic hydrocarbon groups (for example, cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls), heterocyclic hydrocarbon groups (for example, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, and the like), aryl groups (for example, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and the like), and heteroaryl groups (imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, furyl, indolyl, and the like). As the steric hinderance of a substituted organic group increases, the number of organic groups attached to the carbon black from the reaction between the diazonium salt and the carbon black may be diminished.
When the organic group is substituted, it may contain any functional group compatible with the formation of a diazonium salt. Preferred functional groups include, but are not limited to, R, OR, COR, COOR, OCOR, carboxylate salts such as COOLi, COONa, COOK, COO- NR4 +, halogen, CN, NR2, SO3 H, sulfonate salts such as SO3 Li, SO3 Na, SO3 K, SO3 - NR4 +, OSO3 H, OSO3 - salts, NR(COR), CONR2, NO2, PO3 H2, phosphonate salts such as PO3 HNa and PO3 Na2, phosphate salts such as OPO3 HNa and OPO3 Na2, N═NR, NR3 + X-, PR3 + X-, Sk R, SSO3 H, SSO3 - salts, SO2 NRR', SO2 SR, SNRR', SNQ, SO2 NQ, CO2 NQ, S-(1,4-piperazinediyl)-SR, 2-(1,3-dithianyl) 2-(1,3-dithiolanyl), SOR, and SO2 R. R and R', which can be the same or different, are independently hydrogen, branched or unbranched C1 -C20 substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon, e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl. The integer k ranges from 1-8 and preferably from 2-4. The anion X- is a halide or an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid. Q is (CH2)w, (CH2)x O(CH2)z, (CH2)x NR(CH2)z, or (CH2)x S(CH2)z, where w is an integer from 2 to 6 and x and z are integers from 1 to 6.
Specific organic groups having an ionizable functional group forming an anion (and their corresponding primary amines) are p-sulfophenyl (p-sulfanilic acid), 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl (2-hydroxy-5-amino-benzenesulfonic acid), and 2-sulfoethyl (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid). Other organic groups having ionizable functional groups forming anions may also be used.
Aromatic sulfides encompass another group of preferred organic groups. Carbon black products having aromatic sulfide groups are particularly useful in rubber compositions. These aromatic sulfides can be represented by the formulas Ar(CH2)q Sk (CH2)r Ar' or A--(CH2)q SK (CH2)r Ar" wherein Ar and Ar' are independently substituted or unsubstituted arylene or heteroarylene groups, Ar" is an aryl or heteroaryl group, k is 1 to 8 and q and r are 0-4. Substituted aryl groups would include substituted alkylaryl groups. Preferred arylene groups include phenylene groups, particularly p-phenylene groups, or benzothiazolylene groups. Preferred aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl and benzothiazolyl. The number of sulfurs present, defined by k preferably ranges from 2 to 4. Preferred carbon blacks are those having an attached aromatic sulfide organic group of the formula --(C6 H4)--Sk --(C6 H4)--, where k is an integer from 1 to 8, and more preferably where k ranges from 2 to 4. Particularly preferred aromatic sulfide groups are bis-para-(C6 H4)--S2 --(C6 H4)-- and para-(C6 H4)--S2 --(C6 H5). The diazonium salts of these aromatic sulfide groups may be conveniently prepared from their corresponding primary amines, H2 N--Ar--Sk --Ar'--NH2 or H2 N--Ar--Sk --Ar". Preferred groups include dithiodi-4,1-phenylene, tetrathiodi-4,1-phenylene, phenyldithiophenylene, dithiodi-4,1-(3-chlorophenylene), --(4-C6 H4)--S--S--(2-C7 H4 NS), --(4-C6 H4)--S--S--(4-C6 H4)--OH, --6-(2-C7 H3 NS)--SH, --(4-C6 H4)--CH2 CH2 --S--S--CH2 CH2 --(4-C6 H4)--, --(4-C6 H4)--CH2 CH2 --S--S--S--CH2 CH2 --(4-C6 H4)--, --(2-C6 H4)--S--S--(2-C6 H4)--, --(3-C6 H4)--S--S--(3-C6 H4)--, --6-(C6 H3 N2 S), --6-(2-C7 H3 NS)--S--NRR' where RR' is --CH2 CH2 OCH2 CH2 --, --(4-C6 H4)--S--S--S--S--(4-C6 H4)--, --(4-C6 H4)--CH═CH2, --(4-C6 H4)--S--SO3 H, --(4-C6 H4)--SO2 NH--(4-C6 H4)--S--S--(4-C6 H4)--NHSO2 --(4-C6 H4)--, --6-(2-C7 H3 NS)--S--S-2-(6-C7 H3 NS)--, --(4-C6 H4)--S--CH2 --(4-C6 H4)--, --(4-C6 H4)--SO2 --S--(4-C6 H4)--, --(4-C6 H4)--CH2 --S--CH2 --(4-C6 H4)--, --(3-C6 H4)--CH2 --S--CH2 --(3-C6 H4)--, --(4-C6 H4)--CH2 --S--S--CH2 --(4-C6 H4)--, --(3-C6 H4)--CH2 --S--S--CH2 --(3-C6 H4)--, --(4-C6 H4)--S--NRR' where RR' is --CH2 CH2 OCH2 CH2 --, --(4-C6 H4)--SO2 NH--CH2 CH2 --S--S--CH2 CH2 --NHSO2 --(4-C6 H4)--, --(4-C6 H4)-2-(1,3-dithianyl), and --(4-C6 H4)--S--(1,4-piperizinediyl)--S--(4-C6 H4)--.
Another preferred set of organic groups which may be attached to the carbon black are organic groups having an aminophenyl, such as (C6 H4)--NH2, (C6 H4)--CH2 --(C6 H4)--NH2, (C6 H4)--SO2 --(C6 H4)--NH2. Preferred organic groups also include aromatic sulfides, represented by the formulas Ar--Sn --Ar' or Ar--Sn --Ar", wherein Ar and Ar' are independently arylene groups, Ar" is an aryl, and n is 1 to 8. Methods for attaching such organic groups to carbon black are discussed in U.S. patent applications Ser. Nos. 08/356,660, 08/572,525, and 08/356,459, the disclosures of which are fully incorporated by reference herein.
d) modified silica, for example, having an attached organic group; and/or
Examples of silica include, but are not limited to, silica, precipitated silica, amorphous silica, vitreous silica, fumed silica, fused silica, silicates (e.g., aluminosilicates), and other Si-containing fillers such as clay, talc, wollastonite, and the like. Silicas are commercially available from such sources as Cabot Corporation under the Cab-O-Sil� tradename, PPG industries under the Hi--Sil and Ceptane tradenames, Rhone-Poulence under the Zeosil tradename; and Degussa AG under the Ultrasil and Coupsil tradenames.
Any suitable elastomer may be compounded with the silica coated carbon blacks to provide the elastomeric compounds of the present invention. Such elastomers include, but are not limited to, homo- or co-polymers of 1,3 butadiene, styrene, isoprene, isobutylene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, ethylene, and propylene, preferably wherein the glass transition temperature (Tg) as measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) ranges from about -120� C. to about 0� C. Examples include, but are not limited to, SBR, natural rubber and its derivatives such as chlorinated rubber, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, poly(styrene-co-butadiene), and blends of any of the foregoing. SBRs include, but are not limited to, solution SBR, functional solution SBR, emulsion SBR, and combinations of any of the foregoing.
The silica coated carbon black of the invention may also be used with synthetic rubbers such as: copolymers of from about 10 to about 70 percent by weight of styrene and from about 90 to about 30 percent by weight of butadiene such as copolymer of 19 parts styrene and 81 parts butadiene, a copolymer of 30 parts styrene and 70 parts butadiene, a copolymer of 43 parts styrene and 57 parts butadiene and a copolymer of 50 parts styrene and 50 parts butadiene; polymers and copolymers of conjugated dienes such as polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polychloroprene, and the like, and copolymers of such conjugated dienes with an ethylenic group-containing monomer copolymerizable therewith such as styrene, methyl styrene, chlorostyrene, acrylonitrile, 2-vinyl-pyridine, 5-methyl 2-vinylpyridine, 5-ethyl-2-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, alkyl-substituted acrylates, vinyl ketone, methyl isopropenyl ketone, methyl vinyl either, alphamethylene carboxylic acids and the esters and amides thereof such as acrylic acid and dialkylacrylic acid amide; also suitable for use herein are copolymers of ethylene and other high alpha olefins such as propylene, butene-1 and pentene-1.
Elastomeric compositions also include vulcanized compositions (VR), thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), and thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO). TPV, TPE, and TPO materials are further classified by their ability to be extruded and molded several times without loss of performance characteristics.
Formulation of the silica coated carbon blacks of the present invention with elastomers are contemplated to have advantages not realized when such elastomers are formulated with conventional carbon blacks. Set forth below in Table 1 is a list of certain of the elastomers which are particularly useful for industrial rubber applications; and preferred loading ratios with the silica coated carbon blacks of the present invention, designated as parts of carbon black per hundred parts of elastomer (PHR); contemplated benefits obtained by such composition compared to the same composition employing a conventional carbon black; and useful industrial applications for each composition corresponding, where applicable, to the contemplated benefit obtained with such composition. In addition to EPDM and peroxide cured elastomers, advantages for this silica coated carbon black would also be expected in elastomers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen. Examples of elastomers containing non-hydrogen groups would include but not be limited to NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), XNBR (carboxylic-acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated-acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), CR (chloroprene rubber), ECO (ethylene oxide-chloromethyl oxirane), GPO (polypropylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether), PPO (polypropylene oxide), CSM (chloro-sulfonyl-polyethylene), CM (chloro-polyethylene), BIIR (bromo-isobutene-isoprene rubber), CIIR (chloroisobutene-isoprene rubber), ACM (copolymers of ethyl or other acrylate and small amount of vulcanizable co-monomer), and AEM (copolymers of ethyl or other acrylate and ethylene).
The contemplated benefits obtained with the compositions set forth in Table 1 are characterized by expected properties compared to the same composition made with conventional (non-silica coated) carbon black. Evaluation of these properties for a given silica coated carbon black/elastomer composition is done by conducting comparative tests. Most of the properties set forth in Table 1 are determined by routine tests known to those skilled in the art. Other tests are briefly described below:
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________                              FIELD OFPOLYMER  LOADING           BENEFITS UPON FORMING                              APPLICATION__________________________________________________________________________Ethylene  50-250 PHR           INCREASED UHF HEATING RATES                              WEATHERSTRIPPropylene Diene    100-200 PHR           INCREASED TEAR STRENGTH                              WEATHERSTRIPMonomer (EPDM)  REDUCED IRIDESCENCE                              WEATHERSTRIP           IMPROVED HEAT AGING RESISTANCE                              HOSE           HIGHER ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY                              HOSE           INCREASED ELONGATION @ GIVEN                              HOSE           HARDNESS           LONGER FATIGUE LIFE                              ENGINE MOUNTS           LOWER SPRING RATIO FOR A GIVEN                              ENGINE MOUNTS           TAN &#948;           IMPROVED RESILENCE ENGINE MOUNTSPoly-Chloroprene     10-150 phr           LOWER SPRING RATIO FOR A GIVEN                              ENGINE MOUNTS(NEOPRENE)    20-80 phr           TAN &#948;           IMPROVED GLYCOL RESISTANCE                              SEALS           IMPROVED RESILENCE SEALS, HOSE           LOWER HEAT BUILD-UP                              BELTSNatural Rubber     10-150 phr           LOWER SPRING RATIO FOR A GIVEN                              ENGINE MOUNTS(NR)     20-80 phr           TAN &#948;           HIGHER CUT/CHIP RESISTANCE                              BELTSHydrogenated     10-150 phr           LOWER SPRING RATIO FOR A GIVEN                              ENGINE MOUNTSNitrile Butadiene    20-80 phr           TAN &#948;Rubber          INCREASED HIGH TEMP TEAR                              MOUNTS, SEALS(HNBR)          RESISTANCE           IMPROVED RESILIENCE                              SEALS, HOSE           LOWER HEAT BUILD-UP                              BELTSStyrene Butadiene     10-150 phr           HIGHER CUT/CHIP RESISTANCE                              BELTSRubber(SBR)Ethylene Vinyl     10-150 phr           IMPROVED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES                              HOSEAcetate(EVA)__________________________________________________________________________
&#945;=(150� C.-80� C.)/(t150 -t80)  � C./s!
Tread compounds produced with the present elastomeric compounds incorporating a silica coated carbon black but without a coupling agent, provide improved dynamic hysteresis characteristics. However, elastomeric compounds incorporating a partially coated carbon black and a coupling agent demonstrate further improved characteristics.
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