Source: http://www.science.gov/topicpages/a/act+sba+regulations.html
Timestamp: 2016-10-25 19:22:36
Document Index: 231002147

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 101', '§ 108', '§ 644', 'art 134', 'art 134', '§ 121', 'art 563', 'art 563', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 1612', 'arts 900', 'art 1900', 'art 456', '§ 120', '§ 121', '§ 121', '§ 101', '§ 119', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 800', '§ 868', '§ 120', '§ 119', '§ 119', '§ 112', '§ 91', '§ 1903', 'art 202', 'art 226', '§ 261', '§ 261', '§ 261', 'art 307', 'art 1212', '§ 101', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', 'art 614', 'art 3', '§ 374', '§ 1271', '§ 107', '§ 107', '§ 107', 'art 117', 'arts 1024', '§ 1', '§ 121', '§ 121', 'art 10', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 130', '§ 130', '§ 130', '§ 130', '§ 130', '§ 124', '§ 103']

act sba regulations: Topics by Science.gov
Sample records for act sba regulations
13 CFR 101.109 - Do SBA regulations include the section headings?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Do SBA regulations include the section headings? 101.109 Section 101.109 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION Overview § 101.109 Do SBA regulations include the section headings? Yes. All SBA regulations...
13 CFR 107.1630 - SBA regulation of Brokers and Dealers and disclosure to purchasers of Leverage or Trust...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false SBA regulation of Brokers and Dealers and disclosure to purchasers of Leverage or Trust Certificates. 107.1630 Section 107.1630 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES SBA Financial Assistance for Licensees (Leverage)...
13 CFR 108.1630 - SBA regulation of Brokers and Dealers and disclosure to purchasers of Leverage or Trust...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false SBA regulation of Brokers and Dealers and disclosure to purchasers of Leverage or Trust Certificates. 108.1630 Section 108.1630 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM SBA Financial Assistance for NMVC Companies...
13 CFR 102.39 - SBA's exempt Privacy Act systems of records.
... in this part promulgated under these provisions: (1) 552a(c)(3) (Accounting of Certain Disclosures...) Investigations Division Management Information System—SBA 17, contains records gathered or created...
48 CFR 19.810 - SBA appeals.
... intent to appeal. The SBA must send the written appeal to the head of the contracting activity within 15... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false SBA appeals. 19.810....810 SBA appeals. (a) The SBA Administrator may submit the following matters for determination to...
... intent to appeal. The SBA must send the written appeal to the head of the contracting activity within 15... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false SBA appeals. 19.810....810 SBA appeals. (a) The SBA Administrator may submit the following matters for determination to...
13 CFR 120.1600 - General procedures for enforcement actions against SBA Lenders, SBA Supervised Lenders, Other...
... actions against SBA Lenders, SBA Supervised Lenders, Other Regulated SBLCs, Management Officials, Other... procedures for enforcement actions against SBA Lenders, SBA Supervised Lenders, Other Regulated SBLCs... for the enforcement actions listed in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, SBA will follow...
13 CFR 108.1810 - Events of default and SBA's remedies for NMVC Company's noncompliance with terms of Debentures.
... substantive regulation promulgated under the Act. (9) Failure to maintain diversity. You fail to maintain diversity between management and ownership as required by § 108.150. (g) SBA remedies for events of...
32 CFR 644.511 - Certificate of competency by SBA.
... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Certificate of competency by SBA. 644.511 Section... Stone § 644.511 Certificate of competency by SBA. Section 8(b)(7) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(b)(7)) authorizes the SBA to certify the competency of a small business concern as to capacity...
13 CFR 119.17 - What types of oversight will SBA provide to grantees?
... quarterly within 15 calendar days of the end of each quarter. Thereafter, grantees may request that SBA... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What types of oversight will SBA... SBA provide to grantees? (a) In addition to reports required under the Riegle Act, SBA will...
48 CFR 19.804-3 - SBA acceptance.
... C of 13 CFR part 134. ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false SBA acceptance. 19.804-3....804-3 SBA acceptance. (a) Upon receipt of the contracting agency's offer, the SBA will...
... subpart C of 13 CFR part 134. ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false SBA acceptance. 19.804-3....804-3 SBA acceptance. (a) Upon receipt of the contracting agency's offer, the SBA will...
13 CFR 121.101 - What are SBA size standards?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What are SBA size standards? 121.101 Section 121.101 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONS Size Eligibility Provisions and Standards Provisions of General Applicability § 121.101 What are SBA size standards? (a) SBA's...
78 FR 39820 - Notice Seeking Exemption Under the Small Business Investment Act, Conflicts of Interest
... Act, Conflicts of Interest Notice is hereby given that Salem Halifax Capital Partners, L.P., 2849... Conflicts of Interest of the Small Business Administration (``SBA'') Rules and Regulations (13 CFR 107.730... financing constituting a conflict of interest requiring prior SBA approval. Salem Halifax Capital...
The French Space Operations Act: Technical Regulations
Lazare, B.
The French Space Operations Act (FSOA) [1] stipulates that one of the National Technical Regulations' prime objectives is to protect people, property, public health and the environment. Compliance with these Technical Regulations has been mandatory since 10 December, 2010 for space operations by French space operators and for space operations conducted on French territory. The space safety requirements and regulations governing procedures are based on national and international best practices and experience. A critical design review of the space system and procedures shall be carried out by applicant space operators, in order to verify compliance with the Technical Regulations. An independent technical assessment of the operation is delegated to CNES. The principles applied when drafting the Technical Regulations are as follows: requirements must, as far as possible, establish the rules according to the objective to be obtained, rather than how it is to be achieved; requirements must give preference to international standards recognised as being state of the art; requirements must take previous experience into account. The Technical Regulations are divided into three sections covering requirements common to the launch, control and return of a space object. A special section will cover specific rules to be applied at the Guiana Space Centre. The main topics addressed by the Technical Regulations are: operator safety management system; study of risks to people, property, public health and the Earth's environment; impact study on the outer space environment: space debris generated by the operation; planetary protection. The first version of the Technical Regulations [2], issued in March 2011, is dedicated to unmanned space systems.
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false SBA acceptance. 619.804-3 Section 619.804-3 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF STATE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL... acceptance....
... TREASURY Office of Thrift Supervision 12 CFR Part 563e Community Reinvestment Act Regulation Hearings... financial institution's performance under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). The purpose of the hearings... better serve the goals of the Community Reinvestment Act. The hearings will be held in:...
77 FR 75521 - Community Reinvestment Act Regulations
... 1, 2005. 70 FR 44256 (Aug. 2, 2005). As explained in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of these... Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA). 70 FR 12148 (Mar. 11, 2005). See 12 U.S.C. 2808; 12 CFR 203.2(e)(1... the other federal banking agencies in its CRA rule set forth at 12 CFR part 563e. 72 FR 13429 (Mar....
78 FR 79283 - Community Reinvestment Act Regulations
... CRA purposes by the OCC, Board, and FDIC on August 2, 2005, effective September 1, 2005. 70 FR 44256... Act (HMDA). 70 FR 12148 (Mar. 11, 2005). See 12 U.S.C. 2808; 12 CFR 203.2(e)(1). On March 22, 2007... other federal banking agencies in its CRA rule previously set forth at 12 CFR 563e. 72 FR 13429 (Mar....
76 FR 79529 - Community Reinvestment Act Regulations
... adopted for CRA purposes by the OCC, Board, and FDIC on August 2, 2005, effective September 1, 2005. 70 FR... Disclosure Act (HMDA). 70 FR 12148 (Mar. 22, 2007). See 12 U.S.C. 2808; 12 CFR 203.2(e)(1). On March 22, 2007... federal banking agencies in its CRA rule set forth at 12 CFR 563e. 72 FR 13429. Pursuant to the...
... File ] System--Interior, FWS-20 (48 FR 54719, December 6, 1983); Bureau of Land Management Criminal... proposing to amend its regulations to exempt certain records in the Incident Management, Analysis and... Management, Analysis and Reporting System (IMARS) system of records. IMARS is an incident management...
77 FR 56592 - Freedom of Information Act Regulations
... Office of the Secretary 43 CFR Part 2 RIN 1093-AA15 Freedom of Information Act Regulations AGENCY: Office... Department follows in processing records under the Freedom of Information Act (``FOIA''). The revisions clarify and update procedures for requesting information from the Department and procedures that...
78 FR 6216 - Freedom of Information Act Regulations
... corrections to the final rule published on December 31, 2012 (77 FR 76898). The regulation revises the... publication on December 31, 2012, of the final rule that was the subject of FR Doc. 2012-31117, is corrected... Office of the Secretary 43 CFR Part 2 RIN 1093-AA15 Freedom of Information Act Regulations AGENCY:...
... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION 29 CFR Part 1612 Government in the Sunshine Act Regulations CFR Correction 0 In Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 900 to 1899, revised as of July 1, 2012, on page 266, in Sec....
76 FR 15236 - Freedom of Information Act Regulations
... Information Fee Schedule and Guidelines published by the Office of Management and Budget at 52 FR 10012 (Mar... Information Act (FOIA). The regulations are being revised to update and streamline the language of several... revisions to the Department's regulations under the FOIA to update and streamline the language of...
13 CFR 101.107 - What SBA forms are approved for public use?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What SBA forms are approved for public use? 101.107 Section 101.107 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION... Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3512 and see 5 CFR 1320.6) should notify SBA. Direct such comments to...
13 CFR 121.411 - What are the size procedures for SBA's Section 8(d) Subcontracting Program?
... in the Central Contractor Registration (CCR), or equivalent data base maintained or sanctioned by SBA... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONS Size Eligibility Provisions and...
76 FR 59071 - Freedom of Information Act Regulations
... follows: Authority: 50 U.S.C. 401-442; 50 U.S.C. 403a-403v; 5 U.S.C. 552; Executive Order 13392, 70 FR... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 32 CFR Part 1900 Freedom of Information Act Regulations AGENCY: Central Intelligence Agency....
78 FR 50351 - Freedom of Information Act Regulations
... compliance with, among others, the Comprehensive Plan, principals of good planning and urban design, and...; ] NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION 1 CFR Part 456 Freedom of Information Act Regulations AGENCY: National Capital Planning Commission. ACTION: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. SUMMARY: The National Capital...
76 FR 45403 - Bank Secrecy Act Regulations-Definitions and Other Regulations Relating to Prepaid Access
... regulations. See 75 FR 65806 (October 26, 2010) (Transfer and Reorganization of Bank Secrecy Act Regulations... Relating to Money Services Businesses, 74 FR 22129 (May 12, 2009), was issued before the Chapter X Final...), (c). \\16\\ 75 FR 36589. B. Prior Regulation of Stored Value In 1999, when FinCEN issued its final...
13 CFR 120.461 - What are SBA's additional requirements for SBA Supervised Lenders concerning records?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What are SBA's additional requirements for SBA Supervised Lenders concerning records? 120.461 Section 120.461 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Sba Supervised Lenders § 120.461 What are SBA's additional requirements for SBA...
13 CFR 121.105 - How does SBA define “business concern or concern”?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How does SBA define âbusiness concern or concernâ? 121.105 Section 121.105 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONS Size Eligibility Provisions and Standards Provisions of General Applicability § 121.105 How does SBA define...
13 CFR 121.102 - How does SBA establish size standards?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How does SBA establish size standards? 121.102 Section 121.102 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONS Size Eligibility Provisions and Standards Provisions of General Applicability § 121.102 How does SBA establish size standards?...
13 CFR 121.302 - When does SBA determine the size status of an applicant?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false When does SBA determine the size status of an applicant? 121.302 Section 121.302 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONS Size Eligibility Provisions and Standards Size Eligibility Requirements for Sba Financial Assistance §...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false When does SBA determine the size status of an applicant? 121.302 Section 121.302 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONS Size Eligibility Provisions and Standards Size Eligibility Requirements for Sba Financial Assistance §...
76 FR 40367 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Information Collection; Buy American Act-Construction
... Regulation; Information Collection; Buy American Act--Construction AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD... previously approved information collection requirement concerning the Buy American Act--Construction..., American Act--Construction (Grimberg Decision), by any of the following methods: ] Regulations.gov :...
48 CFR 2419.804-3 - SBA acceptance.
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false SBA acceptance. 2419.804-3 Section 2419.804-3 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Small Business Administration Section (8)(a) Program...
Medical loss ratio regulation under the Affordable Care Act.
The minimum medical loss ratio (MLR) regulations in the Affordable Care Act guarantee that a specific percentage of health insurance premiums is spent on medical care and specified activities to improve health care quality. This paper analyzes the regulations' potential unintended consequences and incentive effects, including: higher medical costs and premiums for some insurers; less innovation to align consumer, provider, and health plan incentives, less consumer choice and increased market concentration; and the risk that insurers will pay rebates if claim costs are lower than projected when premiums are established, despite the regulations' permitted "credibility adjustments." The paper discusses modifications and alternatives to the MLR regulations to help achieve their stated goals with less potential for adverse effects. PMID:23720876
Balancing act creating the right regulation for coal combustion waste
The December 2008 collapse of a coal ash pond in Tennessee threw safe management of coal combustion waste (CCW) into the spotlight. Millions of tons of CCW are produced in the United States each year, and a large percentage of that is recycled. The US Environmental Protection Agency is pursuing a host of initiatives that could directly or indirectly affect the disposition of CCW. States, too, are taking a look at how they regulate CCW. Among the options is the possibility of regulating CCW under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, a move that could have far-reaching implications for both the recycling and the disposal of this waste.
77 FR 74347 - Freedom of Information Act Regulations
... Information Act (FOIA) (U.S.C. 552) in the Federal Register. See 77 FR 42673, July 20, 2012. CIGIE provided..., Regulatory Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735. This regulation has not been reviewed by the Office of.... Authority: Pub. L. 110-409, 122 Stat. 4302; 5 U.S.C. App; E.O. 12600, 52 FR 23781, 3 CFR, 1987 Comp., p....
13 CFR 103.2 - Who may conduct business with SBA?
..., Participant corporation, or limited liability company, you may conduct business with SBA without a... evidence of his or her authority to act on behalf of an Applicant, Participant, or lender as a condition...
76 FR 43585 - Bank Secrecy Act Regulations; Definitions and Other Regulations Relating to Money Services...
...The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (``FinCEN''), a bureau of the Department of the Treasury (``Treasury''), is revising the regulations implementing the Bank Secrecy Act (``BSA'') regarding money services businesses (``MSBs'') to clarify which entities are covered by the definitions. The changes more clearly delineate the scope of entities regulated as MSBs, so that determining which......
13 CFR 101.101 - Who manages SBA?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Who manages SBA? 101.101 Section 101.101 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION Overview § 101.101... appoints employees necessary to implement the Small Business Act, as amended, the Small Business...
13 CFR 119.12 - What criteria will SBA use to evaluate applications for funding under the PRIME program?
... evaluate applications for funding under the PRIME program? 119.12 Section 119.12 Business Credit and...) § 119.12 What criteria will SBA use to evaluate applications for funding under the PRIME program? During... first. SBA will evaluate applications for funding in accordance with the specific goals of the Act,...
... based on expertise and ability to fulfill the purposes of the Act. (2) SBA will evaluate organizational... communication capabilities (or potential for same). SBA will also evaluate data collection capabilities... types of clients served, and the successes realized within the client's organizational goals. (3)...
13 CFR 120.1010 - SBA access to SBA Lender, Intermediary, and NTAP files.
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false SBA access to SBA Lender, Intermediary, and NTAP files. 120.1010 Section 120.1010 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Risk-Based Lender Oversight Supervision § 120.1010 SBA access to SBA...
13 CFR 120.460 - What are SBA's additional requirements for SBA Supervised Lenders?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What are SBA's additional requirements for SBA Supervised Lenders? 120.460 Section 120.460 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Sba Supervised Lenders § 120.460 What are SBA's additional requirements...
77 FR 55271 - Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z); Loan Originator Compensation
...The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection is publishing for public comment a proposed rule amending Regulation Z (Truth in Lending) to implement amendments to the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) made by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act). The proposal would implement statutory changes made by the Dodd- Frank Act to Regulation Z's current loan......
7 CFR 800.7 - Information about the Service, Act, and regulations.
... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Information about the Service, Act, and regulations... AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS Administration § 800.7 Information about the Service, Act, and regulations. Information about the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration, Service, Act,...
Regulations Under the Americans With Disabilities Act; Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. Final rule.
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC or Commission) is issuing its final rule to amend the regulations and interpretive guidance implementing Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to provide guidance on the extent to which employers may use incentives to encourage employees to participate in wellness programs that ask them to respond to disability-related inquiries and/or undergo medical examinations. This rule applies to all wellness programs that include disability-related inquiries and/or medical examinations whether they are offered only to employees enrolled in an employer-sponsored group health plan, offered to all employees regardless of whether they are enrolled in such a plan, or offered as a benefit of employment by employers that do not sponsor a group health plan or group health insurance. Published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, the EEOC also issued a final rule to amend the regulations implementing Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) that addresses the extent to which employers may offer incentives for an employee's spouse to participate in a wellness program. PMID:27192736
Boker, Steven M.
An equilibrium involves a balancing of forces. Just as one maintains upright posture in standing or walking, many self-regulatory and interpersonal behaviors can be framed as a balancing act between an ever changing environment and within-person processes. The emerging balance between person and environment, the equilibria, are dynamic and adaptive in response to development and learning. A distinction is made between equilibrium achieved solely due to a short timescale balancing of forces and a longer timescale preferred equilibrium which we define as a state towards which the system slowly adapts. Together, these are developed into a framework that this article calls Adaptive Equilibrium Regulation (ÆR), which separates a regulatory process into two timescales: a faster regulation that automatically balances forces and a slower timescale adaptation process that reconfigures the fast regulation so as to move the system towards its preferred equilibrium when an environmental force persists over the longer timescale. This way of thinking leads to novel models for the interplay between multiple timescales of behavior, learning, and development. PMID:27066197
Polypurine/polypyrimidine sequences as cis-acting transcriptional regulators.
Brahmachari, S K; Sarkar, P S; Raghavan, S; Narayan, M; Maiti, A K
Genome sequence information has generated increasing evidence for the claim that repetitive DNA sequences present within and around genes could play a important role in the regulation of gene expression. Polypurine/polypyrimidine sequences [poly(Pu/Py)] have been observed in the vicinity of promoters and within the transcribed regions of many genes. To understand whether such sequences influence the level of gene expression, we constructed several prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression vectors incorporating poly(Pu/Py) repeats both within and upstream of a reporter gene, lacZ (encoding beta-galactosidase), and studied its expression in vivo. We find that, in contrast to the situation in Escherichia coli, the presence of poly(Pu/Py) sequences within the gene does not significantly inhibit gene expression in mammalian cells. On the other hand, the presence of such sequences upstream of lacZ leads to a several-fold reduction of gene expression in mammalian cells. Similar down-regulation was observed when a structural cassette containing poly(Pu/Py) sequences upstream of lacZ was integrated into yeast chromosome V. Sequence analysis of the nine totally sequenced yeast chromosomes shows that a large number of such sequences occur upstream of ORFs. On the basis of our experimental results and DNA sequence analysis, we propose that these sequences can function as cis-acting transcriptional regulators. PMID:9185844
STENOFOLIA acts as a repressor in regulating leaf blade outgrowth
Lin, Hao; Niu, Lifang; Tadege, Million
We recently reported that the Medicago WOX gene, STENOFOLIA (STF), acts as a transcriptional repressor in regulating leaf blade outgrowth. By using the Nicotiana sylvestris bladeless lam1 mutant as a genetic tool, we showed that the WUS-box, which is conserved among WUS clade WOX genes, is partly responsible for the repressive activity of STF. All members of the modern/WUS clade genes (WUS, WOX1-WOX7) in Arabidopsis that contain intact WUS-box can substitute for STF/LAM1 function while the intermediate and ancient clade members including WOX9,WOX11 and WOX13 cannot, due to lack of the intact WUS-box. Taken together, our results reveal a conserved repression mechanism playing a central role in cell proliferation conferred to the evolutionarily dynamic WOX gene family with acquisition of a repressor domain. PMID:23603965
7 CFR 4290.507 - Violations based on false filings and nonperformance of agreements with the Secretary or SBA.
... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Violations based on false filings and nonperformance of agreements with the Secretary or SBA. 4290.507 Section 4290.507 Agriculture Regulations of the... with the Secretary or SBA. The following shall constitute a violation of this part: (a)...
7 CFR 4290.640 - Requirement to file portfolio financing reports with the Secretary (SBA Form 1031).
... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Requirement to file portfolio financing reports with the Secretary (SBA Form 1031). 4290.640 Section 4290.640 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... reports with the Secretary (SBA Form 1031). For each Financing you make (excluding guarantees), you...
... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Requirement to file portfolio financing reports with the Secretary (SBA Form 1031). 4290.640 Section 4290.640 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... reports with the Secretary (SBA Form 1031). For each Financing you make (excluding guarantees), you...
... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations based on false filings and nonperformance of agreements with the Secretary or SBA. 4290.507 Section 4290.507 Agriculture Regulations of the... with the Secretary or SBA. The following shall constitute a violation of this part: (a)...
7 CFR 868.10 - Information about the Service, Act, and regulations.
... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Information about the Service, Act, and regulations. 868.10 Section 868.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) GRAIN... § 868.10 Information about the Service, Act, and regulations. Information about the Service,...
76 FR 24027 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Information Collection; Buy American Act Certificate
... Regulation; Information Collection; Buy American Act Certificate AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD), General... previously approved information collection requirement concerning the Buy American Act certificate. Public... Comment'' screen. Please include your name, company name (if any), and ``Information Collection...
13 CFR 121.103 - How does SBA determine affiliation?
... CFR 2510.3-101(d); (ii) Employee benefit or pension plans established and maintained by the Federal... How does SBA determine affiliation? (a) * * * (7) For SBA's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR... purposes of SBA's SBIR and STTR programs....
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What are SBA's additional requirements for SBA Supervised Lenders concerning records? 120.461 Section 120.461 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Sba Supervised Lenders § 120.461 What are...
13 CFR 119.10 - Will SBA give preferential consideration to other SBA program participants?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Will SBA give preferential consideration to other SBA program participants? 119.10 Section 119.10 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM FOR INVESTMENT IN MICROENTREPRENEURS (âPRIMEâ OR âTHE ACTâ) § 119.10 Will SBA give preferential consideration...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Will SBA give preferential consideration to other SBA program participants? 119.10 Section 119.10 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM FOR INVESTMENT IN MICROENTREPRENEURS (âPRIMEâ OR âTHE ACTâ) § 119.10 Will SBA give preferential consideration...
13 CFR 112.12 - Effect on other regulations; forms and instructions.
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effect on other regulations; forms and instructions. 112.12 Section 112.12 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OF SBA-EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 § 112.12 Effect on...
76 FR 68690 - Rules and Regulations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act
... Wool Products Labeling Act, and the Fur Products Labeling Act: Final Rule, 63 FR 7508 (Feb. 13, 1998). \\2\\ Federal Trade Commission: Miscellaneous Rules: Final Rule, 63 FR 71582 (Dec. 29, 1998). \\3... and Regulations Under the Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939, Final Rule, 65 FR 75154 (Dec. 1,...
22 CFR 91.1 - Answering inquiries regarding tariff acts and customs regulations.
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Answering inquiries regarding tariff acts and... IMPORT CONTROLS § 91.1 Answering inquiries regarding tariff acts and customs regulations. In replying to inquiries received from exporters, travelers, or other interested parties, concerning tariff acts or...
14 CFR 374.3 - Compliance with the Consumer Credit Protection Act and regulations.
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Compliance with the Consumer Credit Protection Act and regulations. 374.3 Section 374.3 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) SPECIAL REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONSUMER CREDIT PROTECTION ACT WITH RESPECT TO AIR CARRIERS...
29 CFR 1903.2 - Posting of notice; availability of the Act, regulations and applicable standards.
... 29 Labor 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Posting of notice; availability of the Act, regulations and... § 1903.2 Posting of notice; availability of the Act, regulations and applicable standards. (a)(1) Each... large type, generally not less than 36 pt. (b) Establishment means a single physical location...
78 FR 29263 - Rules andRegulations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act
... Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act, 76 FR 68690 (Nov. 7, 2011). This Notice of Proposed...--Rules and Regulations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act, 24 FR 4480, 4485 (June 2... Rulemaking, 50 FR 15100 at 15101 (Apr. 15, 1985). This Notice compared the Customs regulations in 19 CFR...
13 CFR 120.541 - Time for approval by SBA.
... approve or deny the request within 15 business days of the date when SBA receives the request. If SBA is unable to approve or deny the request within this 15-day period, SBA will provide a written notice of no... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Time for approval by SBA....
77 FR 57043 - Regulations Under the Fur Products Labeling Act
... Labeling Act (``TFLA''), and, on its own initiative, deleting unnecessary requirements. \\1\\ 76 FR 13550..., most recently in 1967.\\17\\ \\16\\ 15 U.S.C. 69e(b). \\17\\ 32 FR 6023 (Apr. 15, 1967). C. TFLA In 2010....ftc.gov/opa/2011/07/regreview.shtm . \\24\\ 76 FR 13550. \\25\\ The comments, along with a transcript...
77 FR 66539 - Freedom of Information Act Regulations
... electronic records and automated searches along with paper records and manual searches. In addition, FMCS's... twenty cents per page, while document search and review charges will increase to $4.00 per each quarter... revisions read as follows: Sec. 1401.36 Freedom of Information Act fee schedules. (a) * * * (2) Search...
... from the Bureau's rulemaking authority by section 1029 of the Dodd-Frank Act). 76 FR 79442 (Dec. 21... burdens on industry. Thus, many of the rulemakings listed above involve issues that extend across two or... Bureau planned to conduct qualitative testing with industry participants as well as consumers. Each...
The Final Regulations to the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act of 1990.
American Vocational Association, Alexandria, VA.
This publication presents the final regulations to the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act of 1990. The first section is an analysis of the regulations. This analysis compares the proposed regulations to the final version and explains the differences between the two and the potential impact on program administration.…
77 FR 76898 - Freedom of Information Act Regulations
... Federal Register (77 FR 56592) and requested comments over a 60-day period ending on November 13, 2012... regulations must be based on the best available science and that the rulemaking process must allow for public.... Finally, the revisions include current cost figures to be used in calculating and charging fees...
p23/Sba1p Protects against Hsp90 Inhibitors Independently of Its Intrinsic Chaperone Activity▿ ‡
Forafonov, Fedor; Toogun, Oyetunji A.; Grad, Iwona; Suslova, Elena; Freeman, Brian C.; Picard, Didier
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 assists a subset of cellular proteins and is essential in eukaryotes. A cohort of cochaperones contributes to and regulates the multicomponent Hsp90 machine. Unlike the biochemical activities of the cochaperone p23, its in vivo functions and the structure-function relationship remain poorly understood, even in the genetically tractable model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The SBA1 gene that encodes the p23 ortholog in this species is not an essential gene. We found that in the absence of p23/Sba1p, yeast and mammalian cells are hypersensitive to Hsp90 inhibitors. This protective function of Sba1p depends on its abilities to bind Hsp90 and to block the Hsp90 ATPase and inhibitor binding. In contrast, the protective function of Sba1p does not require the Hsp90-independent molecular chaperone activity of Sba1p. The structure-function analysis suggests that Sba1p undergoes considerable structural rearrangements upon binding Hsp90 and that the large size of the p23/Sba1p-Hsp90 interaction surface facilitates maintenance of high affinity despite sequence divergence during evolution. The large interface may also contribute to preserving a protective function in an environment in which Hsp90 inhibitory compounds can be produced by various microorganisms. PMID:18362168
Auxin acts independently of DELLA proteins in regulating gibberellin levels.
Reid, James B; Davidson, Sandra E; Ross, John J
Shoot elongation is a vital process for plant development and productivity, in both ecological and economic contexts. Auxin and bioactive gibberellins (GAs), such as GA1, play critical roles in the control of elongation, along with environmental and endogenous factors, including other hormones such as the brassinosteroids. The effect of auxins, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is at least in part mediated by its effect on GA metabolism, since auxin up-regulates biosynthesis genes such as GA 3-oxidase and GA 20-oxidase and down regulates GA catabolism genes such as GA 2-oxidases, leading to elevated levels of bioactive GA 1. In our recent paper, we have provided evidence that this action of IAA is largely independent of DELLA proteins, the negative regulators of GA action, since the auxin effects are still present in the DELLA-deficient la cry-s genotype of pea. This was a crucial issue to resolve, since like auxin, the DELLAs also promote GA 1 synthesis and inhibit its deactivation. DELLAs are deactivated by GA, and thereby mediate a feedback system by which bioactive GA regulates its own level. However, our recent results, in themselves, do not show the generality of the auxin-GA relationship across species and phylogenetic groups or across different tissue types and responses. Further, they do not touch on the ecological benefits of the auxin-GA interaction. These issues are discussed below as well as the need for the development of suitable experimental systems to allow this process to be examined. PMID:21358281
TRF2 acts as a transcriptional regulator in tumor angiogenesis
Maï, Mounir El; Wagner, Kay-Dietrich; Michiels, Jean-François; Gilson, Eric; Wagner, Nicole
We recently showed that telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) regulates gene expression to promote angiogenesis. We found that TRF2 is highly expressed in tumor vessels and transcriptionally activates platelet-derived growth factor receptor β to promote endothelial cell angiogenic properties independently of its function in telomere protection. This work identifies TRF2 as a promising dual target for cancer therapy. PMID:27308469
Brightening up: the effect of the Physician Payment Sunshine Act on existing regulation of pharmaceutical marketing.
Gorlach, Igor; Pham-Kanter, Genevieve
With the passage of the Physician Payment Sunshine Act as part of the federal health care reform law, pharmaceutical manufacturers are now required to disclose a wide range of payments made by manufacturers to physicians. We review current state regulation of pharmaceutical marketing and consider how the federal sunshine provision will affect existing marketing regulation. We analyze the legal and practical implications of the Physician Payment Sunshine Act. PMID:23581674
Vapour phase hydrogenation of phenol over rhodium on SBA-15 and SBA-16.
Giraldo, Liliana; Bastidas-Barranco, Marlon; Moreno-Piraján, Juan Carlos
In the present work, mesoporous SBA-15 and SBA-16 were synthesised using classical methods, and their physicochemical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, TEM and N2 adsorption-desorption. Rhodium (Rh, 1 wt %) was loaded on the mesoporous SBA-15 and SBA-16 by an impregnation method. The Rh surface coverage, dispersion and crystallite size were determined by room temperature H2 chemisorption on reduced samples. The catalytic activity of Rh supported on mesoporous SBA-15 and SBA-16 was evaluated for the first time in the hydrogenation of phenol in vapour phase in a temperature range between 130 and 270 °C at atmospheric pressure. The reaction over Rh/SBA-15 at 180 °C produced cyclohexanone as the major product (about 60%) along with lower amounts of cyclohexanol (about 35%) and cyclohexane (about 15%). The influences of temperature, H2/phenol ratio, contact time and the nature of the solvent on the catalytic performance were systematically investigated. The Rh/SBA-16 system offered lower phenol conversion compared to Rh/SBA-15, but both have a very high selectivity for cyclohexanone (above 60%). PMID:25514052
The Fair Labor Standards Act and the Child Care Industry--What Regulations Apply.
Discusses how the federal Fair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) affects the wages and work hours of child care employees and how FLSA interacts with analogous state laws. Examines how child care centers can determine whether FLSA regulations apply to them, existing exemptions to the current act, minimum wage and overtime, whether training time is working…
77 FR 13328 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Information Collection; Davis Bacon Act-Price Adjustment (Actual...
... Regulation; Information Collection; Davis Bacon Act--Price Adjustment (Actual Method) AGENCY: Department of... (actual method). Public comments are particularly invited on: Whether this collection of information is... comments identified by Information Collection 9000- 0154, Davis Bacon Act--Price Adjustment (Actual...
78 FR 39901 - Amendments to the 2013 Mortgage Rules Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B), Real...
... Bureau issued Escrow Requirements Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z), 78 FR 4726 (Jan. 30... Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X), 78 FR 6856 (Jan. 31, 2013) (2013 HOEPA Final Rule), and Ability to Repay and Qualified Mortgage Standards Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z), 78 FR 6407...
... credit card practices. (2) The Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. 1681-1681 setting forth requirements... air carrier and foreign air carrier shall comply with the requirements of Regulation B, 12 CFR part 202, and Regulation Z, 12 CFR part 226, of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board....
... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false PCB wastes regulated under Toxic... (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE General § 261.8 PCB wastes regulated under Toxic Substance Control Act. The disposal of PCB-containing dielectric fluid and...
... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false PCB wastes regulated under Toxic... (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE General § 261.8 PCB wastes regulated under Toxic Substance Control Act. The disposal of PCB-containing dielectric fluid and...
... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false PCB wastes regulated under Toxic... (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE General § 261.8 PCB wastes regulated under Toxic Substance Control Act. The disposal of PCB-containing dielectric fluid and...
75 FR 59609 - Rescission of Regulations Under the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986
... its smokeless tobacco regulations, 16 CFR Part 307, on November 4, 1986.\\1\\ 51 FR 40015. \\1\\ The... on utilitarian items. 56 FR 11654 (Mar. 20, 1991). II. Basis for Removal of Regulations On June 22... the enactment of the Family Smoking Prevention Act. 75 FR 3665 (Jan. 22, ] 2010). The...
78 FR 8963 - Update of Existing Privacy Act-NASA Regulations
... document contains corrections to the final regulations (NASA-2012-0005), which were published in the Federal Register of Thursday, October 4, 2012 (77 FR 60620). The regulations relate to requests to access... SPACE ADMINISTRATION 14 CFR Part 1212 RIN 2700-AD86 Update of Existing Privacy Act--NASA...
... SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONS Size Eligibility Provisions and Standards Provisions of General....S.C.A. 1141j) whose size does not exceed the size standard established by SBA for other similar... business concern if a substantial portion of its assets and/or liabilities are the same as those of...
43 CFR 5441.1-3 - SBA set-aside sales.
... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false SBA set-aside sales. 5441.1-3 Section 5441.1-3 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) CONDUCT OF SALES Advertised Sales §...
... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false SBA set-aside sales. 5441.1-3 Section 5441.1-3 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) CONDUCT OF SALES Advertised Sales §...
13 CFR 120.1722 - SBA's offset rights.
... offset rights. SBA shall have the right to offset any amount owed by Lender to SBA, including, without limitation, an offset against CSA's obligation to pay Lender pursuant to any Section 504 First Mortgage...
13 CFR 101.102 - Where is SBA's Headquarters located?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Where is SBA's Headquarters located? 101.102 Section 101.102 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION Overview § 101.102 Where is SBA's Headquarters located? The Headquarters of SBA is at 409...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Time for approval by SBA. 120.541 Section 120.541 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Servicing, Liquidation and Debt Collection Litigation of 7(a) and 504 Loans Sba's Purchase of A Guaranteed Portion § 120.541 Time for approval by SBA....
13 CFR 120.601 - SBA Secondary Market.
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false SBA Secondary Market. 120.601... Market Fiscal and Transfer Agent (fta) § 120.601 SBA Secondary Market. The SBA secondary market (“Secondary Market”) consists of the sale of Certificates, representing either a fractional undivided...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false SBA Secondary Market. 120.601... Market Fiscal and Transfer Agent (fta) § 120.601 SBA Secondary Market. The SBA secondary market (“Secondary Market”) consists of the sale of Certificates, representing either the entire guaranteed...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false SBA Secondary Market. 120.601... Market Fiscal and Transfer Agent (fta) § 120.601 SBA Secondary Market. The SBA secondary market (“Secondary Market”) consists of the sale of Certificates, representing either the entire guaranteed...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false SBA Secondary Market. 120.601... Market Fiscal and Transfer Agent (fta) § 120.601 SBA Secondary Market. The SBA secondary market (“Secondary Market”) consists of the sale of Certificates, representing either a fractional undivided...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false SBA Secondary Market. 120.601... Market Fiscal and Transfer Agent (fta) § 120.601 SBA Secondary Market. The SBA secondary market (“Secondary Market”) consists of the sale of Certificates, representing either a fractional undivided...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Who manages SBA? 101.101 Section... Who manages SBA? (a) An Administrator, appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, manages SBA. The Administrator— (1) Is responsible to the President and Congress for...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Who manages SBA? 101.101 Section... Who manages SBA? (a) An Administrator, appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, manages SBA. The Administrator— (1) Is responsible to the President and Congress for...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Who manages SBA? 101.101 Section... Who manages SBA? (a) An Administrator, appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, manages SBA. The Administrator— (1) Is responsible to the President and Congress for...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Who manages SBA? 101.101 Section... Who manages SBA? (a) An Administrator, appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, manages SBA. The Administrator— (1) Is responsible to the President and Congress for...
13 CFR 120.463 - Regulatory accounting-What are SBA's regulatory accounting requirements for SBA Supervised Lenders?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Regulatory accounting-What are SBA's regulatory accounting requirements for SBA Supervised Lenders? 120.463 Section 120.463 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Sba Supervised Lenders §...
75 FR 40754 - Government in the Sunshine Act Regulations of the National Science Board
... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 45 CFR Part 614 RIN 3145-AA53 Government in the Sunshine Act Regulations of the National Science Board AGENCY: National Science Board (NSB), National Science Foundation (NSF). ACTION: Direct final...
The National Labor Relations Act and the Regulation of Public Employee Collective Bargaining
McCann, Walter; Smiley, Stafford
The arguments for and against federal assumption of the responsibility for regulating the relationship between public employers and public employees are analyzed. It is suggested that the National Labor Relations Act should be extended to include them, thereby imposing upon them a duty to bargain collectively. Available from: the Harvard…
78 FR 70515 - Petition To Promulgate Standards for Bears Under the Animal Welfare Act Regulations
...; ] DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 9 CFR Part 3 Petition To Promulgate Standards for Bears Under the Animal Welfare Act Regulations AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of petition. SUMMARY: We are notifying the public that the Animal and...
75 FR 14547 - Tribal Consultation on Draft Buy Indian Act Regulations
... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Indian Affairs 48 CFR Chapter 14 RIN 1076-AE95 Tribal Consultation on Draft Buy Indian Act Regulations AGENCY: Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior. ACTION: Notice of tribal consultation...
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Compliance with the Consumer Credit... OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) SPECIAL REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONSUMER CREDIT PROTECTION ACT WITH RESPECT TO AIR CARRIERS AND FOREIGN AIR CARRIERS § 374.3 Compliance with the...
Regulating the regulator: Numb acts upstream of p53 to control mammary stem and progenitor cell
Faraldo, Marisa M.
In this issue, Tosoni et al. (2015. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201505037) report that cell fate determinant and tumor suppressor Numb imposes asymmetric cell divisions in mammary stem cells by regulating p53. Numb thereby restricts mammary stem cell expansion and controls the proliferation and lineage-specific characteristics of their progeny. PMID:26598611
21 CFR 1271.10 - Are my HCT/P's regulated solely under section 361 of the PHS Act and the regulations in this part...
... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Are my HCT/P's regulated solely under section 361..., AND CELLULAR AND TISSUE-BASED PRODUCTS General Provisions § 1271.10 Are my HCT/P's regulated solely.../P is regulated solely under section 361 of the PHS Act and the regulations in this part if it...
Industry invites regulation: the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.
Barkan, I D
Ending its 27-year stranglehold on proposals for federal pure food and drug legislation, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and its companion bill, the Meat Inspection Act, on June 30, 1906. An unprecedented convergence of consumer, scientific, and industrial support in 1906 prompted such action; most industries even planned for it, hoping regulation would restore the competitiveness of their products on weak foreign and domestic markets. The ways in which these interests converged, and the reasons therefore, suggest a change in their relationships to each other and with the federal government as America headed into the twentieth century. Images p21-a p21-b PMID:3881052
13 CFR 107.1230 - Draw-downs by Licensee under SBA's Leverage commitment.
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Draw-downs by Licensee under SBA's... Commitments by Sba to Reserve Leverage for A Licensee § 107.1230 Draw-downs by Licensee under SBA's Leverage... for a draw against SBA's Leverage commitment, you authorize SBA, or any agent or trustee...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Draw-downs by Licensee under SBA's... Commitments by Sba to Reserve Leverage for A Licensee § 107.1230 Draw-downs by Licensee under SBA's Leverage... for a draw against SBA's Leverage commitment, you authorize SBA, or any agent or trustee...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Draw-downs by Licensee under SBA's... Commitments by Sba to Reserve Leverage for A Licensee § 107.1230 Draw-downs by Licensee under SBA's Leverage... for a draw against SBA's Leverage commitment, you authorize SBA, or any agent or trustee...
The Maharashtra Felling of Trees (Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 1988 (No. 26 of 1989), 5 August 1989.
Among other things, this Act amends the Maharashtra (India) Felling of Trees (Regulation) Act, 1964, to authorize the Tree Officer to order the planting of trees in any land (other than government-designated drought land) that he thinks does not contain an adequate number of trees. Owners and occupiers of the land must comply with the order, after being given a reasonable opportunity to be heard. If they do not comply, they can be charged for expenses incurred in having the trees planted. In 1989 the government of West Bengal enacted The Indian Forest (West Bengal Amendment) Act, 1989 (No. 22 of 1988) (Calcutta Gazette, Extraordinary, Part III, 3 February 1989). This Act increases the punishment for various infractions of the Indian Forest Act, 1927, as applied to West Bengal and inserts new language relating to the power of officers to stop and search vehicles; the ability of the state government to seize contraband and related tools, vehicles, boats, and cattle; and punishment for abetting offenses delineated by the Act. PMID:12344326
... based on expertise and ability to fulfill the purposes of the Act. (2) SBA will evaluate organizational structure, financial stability, financial management systems, personnel capacity, and electronic... types of clients served, and the successes realized within the client's organizational goals. (3)...
77 FR 75362 - Nondiscrimination in Federally Assisted Programs or Activities of SBA-Effectuation of the Age...
... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 13 CFR Part 117 Nondiscrimination in Federally Assisted Programs or Activities of SBA--Effectuation of the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as Amended CFR Correction 0 In Title 13 of the Code...
78 FR 21180 - Announcement of the 2013 SBA-Visa Export Video Contest Under the America COMPETES Reauthorization...
... available to support small business exporters. The Cosponsors are looking for creative videos from small... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office SMALL BUSINESS... Act of 2011 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The U.S....
78 FR 45842 - Amendments to the 2013 Mortgage Rules Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act (Regulation...
... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION 12 CFR Parts 1024 and 1026 RIN 3170-AA37 Amendments to the 2013 Mortgage Rules Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act (Regulation X) and the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z) Correction...
26 CFR 1.706-2T - Temporary regulations; question and answer under the Tax Reform Act of 1984.
... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Temporary regulations; question and answer under the Tax Reform Act of 1984. 1.706-2T Section 1.706-2T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Partnerships § 1.706-2T Temporary regulations; question and answer under the Tax Reform Act of 1984. Question...
... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Temporary regulations; question and answer under the Tax Reform Act of 1984. 1.706-2T Section 1.706-2T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE...-2T Temporary regulations; question and answer under the Tax Reform Act of 1984. Question 1:...
HIPAA Mental Health Parity Act--IRS. Notice of proposed rulemaking by cross-reference to temporary regulations.
Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, the IRS is issuing temporary regulations relating to mental health parity requirements imposed on group health plans. These requirements were added to the Internal Revenue Code by section 1532 of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. The IRS is issuing the temporary regulations at the same time that the Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor and the Health Care Financing Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services are issuing substantially similar interim final regulations relating to mental health parity requirements added by the Mental Health Parity Act of 1996 to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the Public Health Service Act. The temporary regulations provide guidance to employers and group health plans relating to the new mental health parity requirements. The text of those temporary regulations also serves as the text of these proposed regulations. PMID:10179306
13 CFR 107.115 - 1940 Act and 1980 Act Companies.
.... 107.115 Section 107.115 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS... Companies. A 1940 Act or 1980 Act Company is eligible to apply for an SBIC license, and an existing Licensee is eligible to apply for SBA's approval to convert to a 1940 Act or 1980 Act Company. In either...
... § 121.102 How does SBA establish size standards? (a) SBA considers economic characteristics comprising... from other industries, growth trends, historical activity within an industry, unique factors...
78 FR 44685 - Amendments to the 2013 Mortgage Rules Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation...
... Final Rule), 78 FR 6407 (Jan. 30, 2013). \\2\\ Mortgage Servicing Rules Under the Real Estate Settlement... Final Rules), 78 FR 10695 (Feb. 14, 2013) (Regulation X), 78 FR 10901 (Feb. 14, 2013) (Regulation Z). \\3\\ Amendments to the 2013 Escrows Final Rule under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z), 78 FR 30739 (May...
78 FR 13298 - Notice of Retrospective Review of the Americans With Disabilities Act Regulations for Over-the...
... Statement in the Federal Register published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT... Act Regulations for Over-the-Road Bus Operators; Request for Comments AGENCY: Office of the Secretary...) implementing regulations for over-the-road bus (OTRB) operators. The DOT will review regulations specified...
Revision of Department of Justice Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act Regulations and Implementation of Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996--DoJ. Proposed Rule.
This document sets forth proposed revision of the Department's regulations under both the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and the Privacy Act of 1974. The FOIA and Privacy Act regulations have been streamlined and condensed, in accordance with the principles of the National Performance Reviews. With more "user-friendly" language wherever possible. These revisions also reflect the principles established by President Clinton and Attorney General Reno in their FOIA Policy Memoranda of October 4, 1993. The new statement of discretionary disclosure policy will supercede the existing regulation regarding discretionary access to records of historical interest. Additionally, the regulations have been updated to reflect developments in the case law and to include updated cost figures to be used in calculating and charging fees. These proposed revisions also contain new provisions implementing the Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996. PMID:10169840
Bernis, Cyril; Swift-Taylor, Beth; Nord, Matthew; Carmona, Sarah; Chook, Yuh Min; Forbes, Douglass J.
The nuclear import receptors importin β and transportin play a different role in mitosis: both act phenotypically as spatial regulators to ensure that mitotic spindle, nuclear membrane, and nuclear pore assembly occur exclusively around chromatin. Importin β is known to act by repressing assembly factors in regions distant from chromatin, whereas RanGTP produced on chromatin frees factors from importin β for localized assembly. The mechanism of transportin regulation was unknown. Diametrically opposed models for transportin action are as follows: 1) indirect action by RanGTP sequestration, thus down-regulating release of assembly factors from importin β, and 2) direct action by transportin binding and inhibiting assembly factors. Experiments in Xenopus assembly extracts with M9M, a superaffinity nuclear localization sequence that displaces cargoes bound by transportin, or TLB, a mutant transportin that can bind cargo and RanGTP simultaneously, support direct inhibition. Consistently, simple addition of M9M to mitotic cytosol induces microtubule aster assembly. ELYS and the nucleoporin 107–160 complex, components of mitotic kinetochores and nuclear pores, are blocked from binding to kinetochores in vitro by transportin, a block reversible by M9M. In vivo, 30% of M9M-transfected cells have spindle/cytokinesis defects. We conclude that the cell contains importin β and transportin “global positioning system”or “GPS” pathways that are mechanistically parallel. PMID:24478460
Carbon material formation on SBA-15 and Ni-SBA-15 and residue constituents during acetylene decomposition.
Chiang, Hung-Lung; Wu, Trong-Neng; Ho, Yung-Shou; Zeng, Li-Xuan
Carbon materials including carbon spheres and nanotubes were formed from acetylene decomposition on hydrogen-reduced SBA-15 and Ni-SBA-15 at 650-850°C. The physicochemical characteristics of SBA-15, Ni-SBA-15 and carbon materials were analyzed by field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectrometry, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). In addition, the contents of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the tar and residue and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaust were determined during acetylene decomposition on SBA-15 and Ni-SBA-15. Spherical carbon materials were observed on SBA-15 during acetylene decomposition at 750 and 850°C. Carbon filaments and ball spheres were formed on Ni-SBA-15 at 650-850°C. Raman spectroscopy revealed peaks at 1290 (D-band, disorder mode, amorphous carbon) and 1590 (G-band, graphite sp(2) structure)cm(-1). Naphthalene (2 rings), pyrene (4 rings), phenanthrene (3 rings), and fluoranthene (4 rings) were major PAHs in tar and residues. Exhaust constituents of hydrocarbon (as propane), H2, and C2H2 were 3.9-2.6/2.7-1.5, 1.4-2.8/2.6-4.3, 4.2-2.4/3.2-1.7% when acetylene was decomposed on SBA-15/Ni-SBA-15, respectively, corresponding to temperatures ranging from 650 to 850°C. The concentrations of 52 VOCs ranged from 9359 to 5658 and 2488 to 1104ppm for SBA-15 and Ni-SBA-15 respectively, at acetylene decomposition temperatures from 650 to 850°C, and the aromatics contributed more than 87% fraction of VOC concentrations. PMID:24858051
The Arabidopsis LYST INTERACTING PROTEIN 5 Acts in Regulating Abscisic Acid Signaling and Drought Response.
Xia, Zongliang; Huo, Yongjin; Wei, Yangyang; Chen, Qiansi; Xu, Ziwei; Zhang, Wei
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are unique endosomes containing vesicles in the lumens and play essential roles in many eukaryotic cellular processes. The Arabidopsis LYST INTERACTING PROTEIN 5 (LIP5), a positive regulator of MVB biogenesis, has critical roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, whether the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling is involved in LIP5-mediated stress response is largely unknown. Here, we report that LIP5 functions in regulating ABA signaling and drought response in Arabidopsis. Analyses of a LIP5 promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct revealed substantial GUS activity in whole seedlings. The expression of LIP5 was induced by ABA and drought, and overexpression of LIP5 led to ABA hypersensitivity, enhanced stomatal closure, reduced water loss, and, therefore, increased drought tolerance. On the contrary, LIP5 knockdown mutants showed ABA-insensitive phenotypes and reduced drought tolerance; suggesting that LIP5 acts in regulating ABA response. Further analysis using a fluorescent dye revealed that ABA and water stress induced cell endocytosis or vesicle trafficking in a largely LIP5-dependent manner. Furthermore, expression of several drought- or ABA-inducible marker genes was significantly down-regulated in the lip5 mutant seedlings. Collectively, our data suggest that LIP5 positively regulates drought tolerance through ABA-mediated cell signaling. PMID:27313589
The Arabidopsis LYST INTERACTING PROTEIN 5 Acts in Regulating Abscisic Acid Signaling and Drought Response
13 CFR 121.604 - Are 8(a) BD Participants considered small for purposes of other SBA assistance?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Are 8(a) BD Participants considered small for purposes of other SBA assistance? 121.604 Section 121.604 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONS Size Eligibility Provisions and...
... considered small for purposes of other SBA assistance? 121.604 Section 121.604 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONS Size Eligibility Provisions and Standards Size Eligibility Requirements for the 8(a) Business Development Program § 121.604 Are 8(a)...
Identification of trans-acting factors regulating SamDC expression in Oryza sativa
Basu, Supratim; Roychoudhury, Aryadeep; Sengupta, Dibyendu N.
Highlights: • Identification of cis elements responsible for SamDC expression by in silico analysis. • qPCR analysis of SamDC expression to abiotic and biotic stress treatments. • Detection of SamDC regulators using identified cis-elements as probe by EMSA. • Southwestern Blot analysis to predict the size of the trans-acting factors. - Abstract: Abiotic stress affects the growth and productivity of crop plants; to cope with the adverse environmental conditions, plants have developed efficient defense machinery comprising of antioxidants like phenolics and flavonoids, and osmolytes like polyamines. SamDC is a key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in plants. In our present communication we have done in silico analysis of the promoter region of SamDC to look for the presence of different cis-regulatory elements contributing to its expression. Based on the presence of different cis-regulatory elements we completed comparative analysis of SamDC gene expression in rice lamina of IR-29 and Nonabokra by qPCR in response to the abiotic stress treatments of salinity, drought, cold and the biotic stress treatments of ABA and light. Additionally, to explore the role of the cis-regulatory elements in regulating the expression of SamDC gene in plants we comparatively analyzed the binding of rice nuclear proteins prepared from IR-29 and Nonabokra undergoing various stress treatments. The intensity of the complex formed was low and inducible in IR-29 in contrast to Nonabokra. Southwestern blot analysis helped in predicting the size of the trans-acting factors binding to these cis-elements. To our knowledge this is the first report on the comprehensive analysis of SamDC gene expression in rice and identification of the trans-acting factors regulating its expression.
The European "clinical trial" regulation; relationship with the Jardé Act: a Giens workshop.
Lemaire, François; Marchenay, Brigitte; Chassany, Olivier; Barthélémy, Philippe; Bouzzagou, Mohamed; Comet, Denis; Delval, Cécile; Dubray, Claude; Fouret, Cécile; Frija-Orvoen, Elisabeth; Gambotti, Laetitia; Lamarque, Véronique; d'Orsay, Geneviève; Plattner, Valérie; Sibenaler, Claire; Roux, Jacques; Thoby, Frédérique
In May 2014, the European Union Parliament and Council published a new regulation on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use, which is designed to replace Directive 2001/20/EC. It will not come into effect until 2016. Nevertheless, it is essential to examine its relationship with national legislation, i.e. the Jardé Act, whose implementation has been delayed pending publication of the European regulation. The Giens workshop identified and examined the various issues that this relationship is bound to raise. In particular, it looked at trial methodology assessment procedures, the working relationship between the French National Agency of Drug Safety and Health Products (Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé, ANSM) and ethics committees during the authorization application evaluation phase, review of post-authorization/registration studies on medicinal products and medical devices, and data transparency. PMID:25679191
Lettice, Laura A; Horikoshi, Taizo; Heaney, Simon J H; van Baren, Marijke J; van der Linde, Herma C; Breedveld, Guido J; Joosse, Marijke; Akarsu, Nurten; Oostra, Ben A; Endo, Naoto; Shibata, Minoru; Suzuki, Mikio; Takahashi, Eiichi; Shinka, Toshikatsu; Nakahori, Yutaka; Ayusawa, Dai; Nakabayashi, Kazuhiko; Scherer, Stephen W; Heutink, Peter; Hill, Robert E; Noji, Sumihare
Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is a common limb malformation in human. A number of polydactylous mouse mutants indicate that misexpression of Shh is a common requirement for generating extra digits. Here we identify a translocation breakpoint in a PPD patient and a transgenic insertion site in the polydactylous mouse mutant sasquatch (Ssq). The genetic lesions in both lie within the same respective intron of the LMBR1/Lmbr1 gene, which resides approximately 1 Mb away from Shh. Genetic analysis of Ssq reveals that the Lmbr1 gene is incidental to the phenotype and that the mutation directly interrupts a cis-acting regulator of Shh. This regulator is most likely the target for generating PPD mutations in human. PMID:12032320
Lettice, Laura A.; Horikoshi, Taizo; Heaney, Simon J. H.; van Baren, Marijke J.; van der Linde, Herma C.; Breedveld, Guido J.; Joosse, Marijke; Akarsu, Nurten; Oostra, Ben A.; Endo, Naoto; Shibata, Minoru; Suzuki, Mikio; Takahashi, Eiichi; Shinka, Toshikatsu; Nakahori, Yutaka; Ayusawa, Dai; Nakabayashi, Kazuhiko; Scherer, Stephen W.; Heutink, Peter; Hill, Robert E.; Noji, Sumihare
Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is a common limb malformation in human. A number of polydactylous mouse mutants indicate that misexpression of Shh is a common requirement for generating extra digits. Here we identify a translocation breakpoint in a PPD patient and a transgenic insertion site in the polydactylous mouse mutant sasquatch (Ssq). The genetic lesions in both lie within the same respective intron of the LMBR1/Lmbr1 gene, which resides ≈1 Mb away from Shh. Genetic analysis of Ssq reveals that the Lmbr1 gene is incidental to the phenotype and that the mutation directly interrupts a cis-acting regulator of Shh. This regulator is most likely the target for generating PPD mutations in human. PMID:12032320
Knowledge of the animal welfare act and animal welfare regulations influences attitudes toward animal research.
Metzger, Mitchell M
Recent public-opinion polls indicate that Americans have shown a decline in support for animal experimentation, and several reports suggest a relationship between people's knowledge of animal welfare regulations and their attitudes toward animal research. Therefore, this study was designed to assess respondent's knowledge of several provisions in the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) and Animal Welfare Regulations (AWR), and determine whether exposure to elements of this legislation would influence an individual's attitudes toward the use of animals in research. A survey was used to assess knowledge of animal research regulations and attitudes toward animal research from a sample of individuals recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing marketplace. Results from study 1 confirmed the hypothesis that respondents had little knowledge of various federal regulations that govern animal research activities. Data from study 2 revealed that exposure to elements of the AWA and AWR influenced participants' attitudes toward the use of animals in research. These results suggest that providing information to the general public about the AWA and AWR that protect laboratory animals from abuse and neglect may help alleviate concerns about using animals in research settings. PMID:25651094
Knowledge of the Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations Influences Attitudes toward Animal Research
Recent public-opinion polls indicate that Americans have shown a decline in support for animal experimentation, and several reports suggest a relationship between people's knowledge of animal welfare regulations and their attitudes toward animal research. Therefore, this study was designed to assess respondent's knowledge of several provisions in the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) and Animal Welfare Regulations (AWR), and determine whether exposure to elements of this legislation would influence an individual's attitudes toward the use of animals in research. A survey was used to assess knowledge of animal research regulations and attitudes toward animal research from a sample of individuals recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing marketplace. Results from study 1 confirmed the hypothesis that respondents had little knowledge of various federal regulations that govern animal research activities. Data from study 2 revealed that exposure to elements of the AWA and AWR influenced participants’ attitudes toward the use of animals in research. These results suggest that providing information to the general public about the AWA and AWR that protect laboratory animals from abuse and neglect may help alleviate concerns about using animals in research settings. PMID:25651094
Shu, R; Wong, W; Ma, Q H; Yang, Z Z; Zhu, H; Liu, F J; Wang, P; Ma, J; Yan, S; Polo, J M; Bernard, C C A; Stanton, L W; Dawe, G S; Xiao, Z C
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is best known for its involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We have previously demonstrated that APP intracellular domain (AICD) regulates neurogenesis; however, the mechanisms underlying AICD-mediated regulation of neuronal differentiation are not yet fully characterized. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches, we found that AICD is specifically recruited to the regulatory regions of several microRNA genes, and acts as a transcriptional regulator for miR-663, miR-3648 and miR-3687 in human neural stem cells. Functional assays show that AICD negatively modulates neuronal differentiation through miR-663, a primate-specific microRNA. Microarray data further demonstrate that miR-663 suppresses the expression of multiple genes implicated in neurogenesis, including FBXL18 and CDK6. Our results indicate that AICD has a novel role in suppression of neuronal differentiation via transcriptional regulation of miR-663 in human neural stem cells. PMID:25695604
Identification of trans-acting factors regulating SamDC expression in Oryza sativa.
Basu, Supratim; Roychoudhury, Aryadeep; Sengupta, Dibyendu N
Abiotic stress affects the growth and productivity of crop plants; to cope with the adverse environmental conditions, plants have developed efficient defense machinery comprising of antioxidants like phenolics and flavonoids, and osmolytes like polyamines. SamDC is a key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in plants. In our present communication we have done in silico analysis of the promoter region of SamDC to look for the presence of different cis-regulatory elements contributing to its expression. Based on the presence of different cis-regulatory elements we completed comparative analysis of SamDC gene expression in rice lamina of IR-29 and Nonabokra by qPCR in response to the abiotic stress treatments of salinity, drought, cold and the biotic stress treatments of ABA and light. Additionally, to explore the role of the cis-regulatory elements in regulating the expression of SamDC gene in plants we comparatively analyzed the binding of rice nuclear proteins prepared from IR-29 and Nonabokra undergoing various stress treatments. The intensity of the complex formed was low and inducible in IR-29 in contrast to Nonabokra. Southwestern blot analysis helped in predicting the size of the trans-acting factors binding to these cis-elements. To our knowledge this is the first report on the comprehensive analysis of SamDC gene expression in rice and identification of the trans-acting factors regulating its expression. PMID:24530223
76 FR 39007 - Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Regulations- Definition of “Indian Tribe”
... Office of the Secretary of the Interior 43 CFR Part 10 RIN 1024-AD98 Native American Graves Protection... regulations implementing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) removes the... implementation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, including the issuance...
13 CFR 120.413 - Advertisement of relationship with SBA.
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Advertisement of relationship with SBA. 120.413 Section 120.413 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders Participation Criteria § 120.413 Advertisement of relationship with SBA. A Lender may refer in its advertising to its participation...
13 CFR 108.1720 - Characteristics of SBA's guarantee.
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Characteristics of SBA's guarantee. 108.1720 Section 108.1720 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM SBA Financial Assistance for NMVC Companies (Leverage)...
13 CFR 120.464 - Reports to SBA.
...: (1) Annual Report. Within three months after the close of each fiscal year, each SBA Supervised Lender must submit to SBA two copies of an annual report including audited financial statements as prepared by a certified public accountant in accordance with § 120.463. Specifically, the annual...
77 FR 25779 - SBA Council on Underserved Communities
... ADMINISTRATION SBA Council on Underserved Communities AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice... location, date, time, and agenda for the first meeting of the SBA Council on Underserved Communities Advisory Council. The meeting will be open to the public. DATES: The meeting will be held on Monday, May...
... prepared by a certified public accountant in accordance with § 120.463. Specifically, the annual report... by or against the SBA Supervised Lender, or against any officer, director or employee of the SBA... to be a true, accurate, and complete representation of the financial condition and...
13 CFR 120.1721 - SBA's right to investigate.
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false SBA's right to investigate. 120.1721 Section 120.1721 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS... right to investigate. SBA may undertake such investigation as it deems necessary to determine whether...
13 CFR 130.810 - SBA review authority.
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false SBA review authority. 130.810 Section 130.810 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS § 130.810 SBA review authority. (a) Site visits. The AA/SBDCs, or a representative, on notice...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false SBA review authority. 130.810 Section 130.810 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS § 130.810 SBA review authority. (a) Site visits. The AA/SBDCs, or a representative, on notice...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false SBA review authority. 130.810 Section 130.810 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS § 130.810 SBA review authority. (a) Site visits. The AA/SBDCs, or a representative, on notice...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false SBA review authority. 130.810 Section 130.810 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS § 130.810 SBA review authority. (a) Site visits. The AA/SBDCs, or a representative, on notice...
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false SBA review authority. 130.810 Section 130.810 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS § 130.810 SBA review authority. (a) Site visits. The AA/SBDCs, or a representative, on notice...
Tritium removal from tritiated water by organic functionalized SBA-15
Taguchi, A.; Kato, Y.; Akai, R.; Torikai, Y.; Matsuyama, M.
The recovery of tritium from tritiated water is important for reducing tritium emissions to the environment and for recycling tritium. Meso-porous silicas (SBA-15) were modified by -COOH, -SO{sub 3}H and -NH{sub 2} groups and their tritium adsorption ability from tritiated water under solid-liquid sorption was investigated. The adsorption abilities and separation factor of organic functionalized SBAs were comparable to those of bare SBA. The desorption of water from bare SBA and -COOH functionalized SBA were studied by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy using D{sub 2}O as a probe molecule. An interaction was observed for D{sub 2}O with -COOH group where the hydrogen bonds became weaker than D{sub 2}O with bare SBA. (authors)
... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Are my HCT/P's regulated solely under section 361... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION HUMAN CELLS,...
... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Are my HCT/P's regulated solely under section 361... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION HUMAN CELLS,...
MecA Protein Acts as a Negative Regulator of Genetic Competence in Streptococcus mutans
Tian, Xiao-Lin; Dong, Gaofeng; Liu, Tianlei; Gomez, Zubelda A.; Wahl, Astrid; Hols, Pascal
Streptococcus mutans develops competence for genetic transformation through a complex network that receives inputs from at least two signaling peptides, competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) and sigX-inducing peptide (XIP). The key step of competence induction is the transcriptional activation of comX, which encodes an alternative sigma factor, SigX (σX), controlling the expression of late competence genes essential for DNA uptake and recombination. In this study, we provide evidence that MecA acts as a negative regulator in the posttranslational regulation of SigX in S. mutans. Using luxAB transcriptional reporter strains, we demonstrate that MecA represses the expression of late competence genes in S. mutans grown in a complex medium that is subpermissive for competence induction by CSP. The negative regulation of competence by MecA requires the presence of a functional SigX. Accordingly, inactivation of MecA results in a prolonged competence state of S. mutans under this condition. We have also found that the AAA+ protease ClpC displays a similar repressing effect on late competence genes, suggesting that both MecA and ClpC function coordinately to regulate competence in the same regulatory circuit in S. mutans. This suggestion is strongly supported by the results of bacterial two-hybrid assays, which demonstrate that MecA interacts with both SigX and ClpC, forming a ternary SigX-MecA-ClpC complex. Western blot analysis also confirms that inactivation of MecA or ClpC results in the intracellular accumulation of the SigX in S. mutans. Together, our data support the notion that MecA mediates the formation of a ternary SigX-MecA-ClpC complex that sequesters SigX and thereby negatively regulates genetic competence in S. mutans. PMID:24039267
Preparation, characterization, and luminescence of (SBA-15) immobilized pepsin
Zhai, Qing-Zhou; Sun, Si-Jia
SBA-15 mesoporous silica was synthesized by hydrothermal method and its surface was methylated by treatment with methyltrimethoxysilane. Pepsin was immobilized on the obtained materials giving host-guest composite materials (SBA-15)-pepsin and (methylated SBA-15)-pepsin. The optimum conditions for preparation of these materials were established. Methylated SBA-15 (M-SBA-15) has improved immobilization efficiency of enzyme compared to initial SBA-15 silica. It was shown that with the gradual increase of NaCl solution ionic strength the immobilized amount of enzyme was reduced. Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the host frameworks in the prepared host-guest composite materials are intact and the ordered structure was retained. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed fibrous morphologic characteristics of the SBA-15 and the immobilized pepsin composite materials. The average particle diameter of (SBA-15)-pepsin composite was 338 ± 10 and 343 ± 10 nm for (M-SBA-15)-pepsin. The low temperature N2 adsorption-desorption study at 77 K showed that the pore sizes and specific surface areas of the host-guest composite materials were smaller than those before the introduction of the enzyme, suggesting that the immobilized enzyme occupied a definite position in the host material pore channels. The UV-vis solid diffuse reflectance and luminescence studies showed that the enzyme was successfully immobilized on to the host material and that after the immobilization of enzyme on SBA-15 the conformation of pepsin macromolecule has not been changed.
13 CFR 124.205 - Can an applicant ask SBA to reconsider SBA's initial decision to decline its application?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Can an applicant ask SBA to... DETERMINATIONS 8(a) Business Development Applying to the 8(a) Bd Program § 124.205 Can an applicant ask SBA to... raised in the initial decline, the applicant can ask for reconsideration as if it were an initial decline....
13 CFR 103.3 - May SBA suspend or revoke an Agent's privilege?
... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false May SBA suspend or revoke an Agent... STANDARDS FOR CONDUCTING BUSINESS WITH SBA § 103.3 May SBA suspend or revoke an Agent's privilege? The Administrator of SBA or designee may, for good cause, suspend or revoke the privilege of any Agent to...
Eya 1 acts as a critical regulator for specifying the metanephric mesenchyme.
Sajithlal, Gangadharan; Zou, Dan; Silvius, Derek; Xu, Pin-Xian
Although it is well established that the Gdnf-Ret signal transduction pathway initiates metanephric induction, no single regulator has yet been identified to specify the metanephric mesenchyme or blastema within the intermediate mesoderm, the earliest step of metanephric kidney development and the molecular mechanisms controlling Gdnf expression are essentially unknown. Previous studies have shown that a loss of Eya 1 function leads to renal agenesis that is a likely result of failure of metanephric induction. The studies presented here demonstrate that Eya 1 specifies the metanephric blastema within the intermediate mesoderm at the caudal end of the nephrogenic cord. In contrast to its specific roles in metanephric development, Eya 1 appears dispensable for the formation of nephric duct and mesonephric tubules. Using a combination of null and hypomorphic Eya 1 mutants, we now demonstrated that approximately 20% of normal Eya 1 protein level is sufficient for establishing the metanephric blastema and inducing the ureteric bud formation but not for its normal branching. Using Eya 1, Gdnf, Six 1 and Pax 2 mutant mice, we show that Eya 1 probably functions at the top of the genetic hierarchy controlling kidney organogenesis and it acts in combination with Six 1 and Pax 2 to regulate Gdnf expression during UB outgrowth and branching. These findings uncover an essential function for Eya 1 as a critical determination factor in acquiring metanephric fate within the intermediate mesoderm and as a key regulator of Gdnf expression during ureteric induction and branching morphogenesis. PMID:16018995
Polycomb Group Protein Pcgf6 Acts as a Master Regulator to Maintain Embryonic Stem Cell Identity
Yang, Chao-Shun; Chang, Kung-Yen; Dang, Jason; Rana, Tariq M.
The polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is a multi-subunit complex that plays critical roles in the epigenetic modulation of gene expression. Here, we show that the PRC1 component polycomb group ring finger 6 (Pcgf6) is required to maintain embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity. In contrast to canonical PRC1, Pcgf6 acts as a positive regulator of transcription and binds predominantly to promoters bearing active chromatin marks. Pcgf6 is expressed at high levels in ESCs, and knockdown reduces the expression of the core ESC regulators Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. Conversely, Pcgf6 overexpression prevents downregulation of these factors and impairs differentiation. In addition, Pcgf6 enhanced reprogramming in both mouse and human somatic cells. The genomic binding profile of Pcgf6 is highly similar to that of trithorax group proteins, but not of PRC1 or PRC2 complexes, suggesting that Pcgf6 functions atypically in ESCs. Our data reveal novel roles for Pcgf6 in directly regulating Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Lin28 expression to maintain ESC identity. PMID:27247273
Epithelial IL-1R2 acts as a homeostatic regulator during remission of ulcerative colitis
Mora-Buch, R; Dotti, I; Planell, N; Calderón-Gómez, E; Jung, P; Masamunt, M C; Llach, J; Ricart, E; Batlle, E; Panés, J; Salas, A
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease that may undergo periods of activity followed by remission. We aimed to identify the endogenous regulatory mechanisms that may promote disease remission. Transcriptional and protein analysis of the intestinal mucosa revealed that the IL-1 decoy receptor, interleukin-1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2), was upregulated in remission compared with active UC and controls. We identified epithelial cells as being responsible for increased IL-1R2 production during remission. Expression of IL1R2 was negatively regulated by Wnt/beta-catenin signals in colonic crypts or epithelial stem cell cultures; accordingly, epithelial stem cells upregulated IL-1R2 upon differentiation. Blocking IL-1R2 in isolated colonic crypt cultures of UC patients in remission and T-cell cultures stimulated with biopsy supernatant from UC patients in remission boosted IL-1β-dependent production of inflammation-related cytokines. Finally, IL1R2 transcription was significantly lower in patients that relapsed during a 1-year follow-up period compared with those in endoscopic remission. Collectively, our results reveal that the IL-1/IL-1R2 axis is differentially regulated in the remitting intestinal mucosa of UC patients. We hypothesize that IL-1R2 in the presence of low concentrations of IL-1β may act locally as a regulator of intestinal homeostasis. PMID:26530134
Hassan, B. A.; Bermingham, N. A.; He, Y.; Sun, Y.; Jan, Y. N.; Zoghbi, H. Y.; Bellen, H. J.
Drosophila atonal (ato) is the proneural gene of the chordotonal organs (CHOs) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the larval and adult photoreceptor organs. Here, we show that ato is expressed at multiple stages during the development of a lineage of central brain neurons that innervate the optic lobes and are required for eclosion. A novel fate mapping approach shows that ato is expressed in the embryonic precursors of these neurons and that its expression is reactivated in third instar larvae (L3). In contrast to its function in the PNS, ato does not act as a proneural gene in the embryonic brain. Instead, ato performs a novel function, regulating arborization during larval and pupal development by interacting with Notch.
Enhancer of zeste acts as a major developmental regulator of Ciona intestinalis embryogenesis
Le Goff, Emilie; Martinand-Mari, Camille; Martin, Marianne; Feuillard, Jérôme; Boublik, Yvan; Godefroy, Nelly; Mangeat, Paul; Baghdiguian, Stephen; Cavalli, Giacomo
ABSTRACT The paradigm of developmental regulation by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins posits that they maintain silencing outside the spatial expression domains of their target genes, particularly of Hox genes, starting from mid embryogenesis. The Enhancer of zeste [E(z)] PcG protein is the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex, which silences its targets via deposition of the H3K27me3 mark. Here, we studied the ascidian Ciona intestinalis counterpart of E(z). Ci-E(z) is detected by immunohistochemistry as soon as the 2- and 4-cell stages as a cytoplasmic form and becomes exclusively nuclear thereafter, whereas the H3K27me3 mark is detected starting from the gastrula stage and later. Morpholino invalidation of Ci-E(z) leads to the total disappearance of both Ci-E(z) protein and its H3K27me3 mark. Ci-E(z) morphants display a severe phenotype. Strikingly, the earliest defects occur at the 4-cell stage with the dysregulation of cell positioning and mitotic impairment. At later stages, Ci-E(z)-deficient embryos are affected by terminal differentiation defects of neural, epidermal and muscle tissues, by the failure to form a notochord and by the absence of caudal nerve. These major phenotypic defects are specifically rescued by injection of a morpholino-resistant Ci-E(z) mRNA, which restores expression of Ci-E(z) protein and re-deposition of the H3K27me3 mark. As observed by qPCR analyses, Ci-E(z) invalidation leads to the early derepression of tissue-specific developmental genes, whereas late-acting developmental genes are generally down-regulated. Altogether, our results suggest that Ci-E(z) plays a major role during embryonic development in Ciona intestinalis by silencing early-acting developmental genes in a Hox-independent manner. PMID:26276097
Aurora-A acts as a tumor suppressor and regulates self-renewal of Drosophila neuroblasts
Wang, Hongyan; Somers, Gregory W.; Bashirullah, Arash; Heberlein, Ulrike; Yu, Fengwei; Chia, William
The choice of self-renewal versus differentiation is a fundamental issue in stem cell and cancer biology. Neural progenitors of the Drosophila post-embryonic brain, larval neuroblasts (NBs), divide asymmetrically in a stem cell-like fashion to generate a self-renewing NB and a Ganglion Mother Cell (GMC), which divides terminally to produce two differentiating neuronal/glial daughters. Here we show that Aurora-A (AurA) acts as a tumor suppressor by suppressing NB self-renewal and promoting neuronal differentiation. In aurA loss-of-function mutants, supernumerary NBs are produced at the expense of neurons. AurA suppresses tumor formation by asymmetrically localizing atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), an NB proliferation factor. Numb, which also acts as a tumor suppressor in larval brains, is a major downstream target of AurA and aPKC. Notch activity is up-regulated in aurA and numb larval brains, and Notch signaling is necessary and sufficient to promote NB self-renewal and suppress differentiation in larval brains. Our data suggest that AurA, aPKC, Numb, and Notch function in a pathway that involved a series of negative genetic interactions. We have identified a novel mechanism for controlling the balance between self-renewal and neuronal differentiation during the asymmetric division of Drosophila larval NBs. PMID:17182870
Xu, Jie; Ding, Zhiwen; Vizcay-Barrena, Gema; Shi, Jianxin; Liang, Wanqi; Yuan, Zheng; Werck-Reichhart, Danièle; Schreiber, Lukas; Wilson, Zoe A; Zhang, Dabing
Mature pollen is covered by durable cell walls, principally composed of sporopollenin, an evolutionary conserved, highly resilient, but not fully characterized, biopolymer of aliphatic and aromatic components. Here, we report that ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) acts as a master regulator coordinating pollen wall development and sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome-wide coexpression analysis revealed 98 candidate genes with specific expression in the anther and 70 that showed reduced expression in ams. Among these 70 members, we showed that AMS can directly regulate 23 genes implicated in callose dissociation, fatty acids elongation, formation of phenolic compounds, and lipidic transport putatively involved in sporopollenin precursor synthesis. Consistently, ams mutants showed defective microspore release, a lack of sporopollenin deposition, and a dramatic reduction in total phenolic compounds and cutin monomers. The functional importance of the AMS pathway was further demonstrated by the observation of impaired pollen wall architecture in plant lines with reduced expression of several AMS targets: the abundant pollen coat protein extracellular lipases (EXL5 and EXL6), and CYP98A8 and CYP98A9, which are enzymes required for the production of phenolic precursors. These findings demonstrate the central role of AMS in coordinating sporopollenin biosynthesis and the secretion of materials for pollen wall patterning. PMID:24781116
PKR is activated by cellular dsRNAs during mitosis and acts as a mitotic regulator
Kim, Yoosik; Lee, Jung Hyun; Park, Jong-Eun; Cho, Jun; Yi, Hyerim; Kim, V. Narry
dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme well known for its roles in immune response. Upon binding to viral dsRNA, PKR undergoes autophosphorylation, and the phosphorylated PKR (pPKR) regulates translation and multiple signaling pathways in infected cells. Here, we found that PKR is activated in uninfected cells, specifically during mitosis, by binding to dsRNAs formed by inverted Alu repeats (IRAlus). While PKR and IRAlu-containing RNAs are segregated in the cytosol and nucleus of interphase cells, respectively, they interact during mitosis when nuclear structure is disrupted. Once phosphorylated, PKR suppresses global translation by phosphorylating the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). In addition, pPKR acts as an upstream kinase for c-Jun N-terminal kinase and regulates the levels of multiple mitotic factors such as CYCLINS A and B and POLO-LIKE KINASE 1 and phosphorylation of HISTONE H3. Disruption of PKR activation via RNAi or expression of a transdominant-negative mutant leads to misregulation of the mitotic factors, delay in mitotic progression, and defects in cytokinesis. Our study unveils a novel function of PKR and endogenous dsRNAs as signaling molecules during the mitosis of uninfected cells. PMID:24939934
Gamma-aminobutyric acid acts as a specific virulence regulator in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Dagorn, Audrey; Hillion, Mélanie; Chapalain, Annelise; Lesouhaitier, Olivier; Duclairoir Poc, Cécile; Vieillard, Julien; Chevalier, Sylvie; Taupin, Laure; Le Derf, Franck; Feuilloley, Marc G J
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is widespread in the environment and can be used by animal and plants as a communication molecule. Pseudomonas species, in particular fluorescent ones, synthesize GABA and express GABA-binding proteins. In this study, we investigated the effects of GABA on the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While exposure to GABA (10 µM) did not modify either the growth kinetics or the motility of the bacterium, its cytotoxicity and virulence were strongly increased. The Caenorhabditis elegans 'fast killing test' model revealed that GABA acts essentially through an increase in diffusible toxin(s). GABA also modulates the biofilm formation activity and adhesion properties of PAO1. GABA has no effect on cell surface polarity, biosurfactant secretion or on the lipopolysaccharide structure. The production of several exo-enzymes, pyoverdin and exotoxin A is not modified by GABA but we observed an increase in cyanogenesis which, by itself, could explain the effect of GABA on P. aeruginosa virulence. This mechanism appears to be regulated by quorum sensing. A proteomic analysis revealed that the effect of GABA on cyanogenesis is correlated with a reduction of oxygen accessibility and an over-expression of oxygen-scavenging proteins. GABA also promotes specific changes in the expression of thermostable and unstable elongation factors Tuf/Ts involved in the interaction of the bacterium with the host proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that GABA is a physiological regulator of P. aeruginosa virulence. PMID:23154974
Hypothalamic Neuropeptide 26RFa Acts as an Incretin to Regulate Glucose Homeostasis.
Prévost, Gaëtan; Jeandel, Lydie; Arabo, Arnaud; Coëffier, Moïse; El Ouahli, Mariama; Picot, Marie; Alexandre, David; Gobet, Françoise; Leprince, Jérôme; Berrahmoune, Hind; Déchelotte, Pierre; Malagon, Maria; Bonner, Caroline; Kerr-Conte, Julie; Chigr, Fatiha; Lefebvre, Hervé; Anouar, Youssef; Chartrel, Nicolas
26RFa is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that promotes food intake. 26RFa is upregulated in obese animal models, and its orexigenic activity is accentuated in rodents fed a high-fat diet, suggesting that this neuropeptide might play a role in the development and maintenance of the obese status. As obesity is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes, we investigated whether 26RFa may be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In the current study, we show a moderate positive correlation between plasma 26RFa levels and plasma insulin in patients with diabetes. Plasma 26RFa concentration also increases in response to an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, we found that 26RFa and its receptor GPR103 are present in human pancreatic β-cells as well as in the gut. In mice, 26RFa attenuates the hyperglycemia induced by a glucose load, potentiates insulin sensitivity, and increases plasma insulin concentrations. Consistent with these data, 26RFa stimulates insulin production by MIN6 insulinoma cells. Finally, we show, using in vivo and in vitro approaches, that a glucose load induces a massive secretion of 26RFa by the small intestine. Altogether, the present data indicate that 26RFa acts as an incretin to regulate glucose homeostasis. PMID:25858563
Neuropeptide Y acts in the paraventricular nucleus to suppress sympathetic nerve activity and its baroreflex regulation.
Cassaglia, Priscila A; Shi, Zhigang; Li, Baoxin; Reis, Wagner L; Clute-Reinig, Nicholas M; Stern, Javier E; Brooks, Virginia L
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a brain neuromodulator that has been strongly implicated in the regulation of energy balance, also acts centrally to inhibit sympathetic nerve activity (SNA); however, the site and mechanism of action are unknown. In chloralose-anaesthetized female rats, nanoinjection of NPY into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) dose-dependently suppressed lumbar SNA (LSNA) and its baroreflex regulation, and these effects were blocked by prior inhibition of NPY Y1 or Y5 receptors. Moreover, PVN injection of Y1 and Y5 receptor antagonists in otherwise untreated rats increased basal and baroreflex control of LSNA, indicating that endogenous NPY tonically inhibits PVN presympathetic neurons. The sympathoexcitation following blockade of PVN NPY inhibition was eliminated by prior PVN nanoinjection of the melanocortin 3/4 receptor inhibitor SHU9119. Moreover, presympathetic neurons, identified immunohistochemically using cholera toxin b neuronal tract tracing from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), express NPY Y1 receptor immunoreactivity, and patch-clamp recordings revealed that both NPY and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) inhibit and stimulate, respectively, PVN-RVLM neurons. Collectively, these data suggest that PVN NPY inputs converge with α-MSH to influence presympathetic neurons. Together these results identify endogenous NPY as a novel and potent inhibitory neuromodulator within the PVN that may contribute to changes in SNA that occur in states associated with altered energy balance, such as obesity and pregnancy. PMID:24535439
Cis-acting elements in its 3' UTR mediate post-transcriptional regulation of KRAS.
Kim, Minlee; Kogan, Nicole; Slack, Frank J
Multiple RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation through recognition motifs in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target genes. The KRAS gene encodes a key signaling protein, and its messenger RNA (mRNA) contains an exceptionally long 3' UTR; this suggests that it may be subject to a highly complex set of regulatory processes. However, 3' UTR-dependent regulation of KRAS expression has not been explored in detail. Using extensive deletion and mutational analyses combined with luciferase reporter assays, we have identified inhibitory and stabilizing cis-acting regions within the KRAS 3' UTR that may interact with miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, such as HuR. Particularly, we have identified an AU-rich 49-nt fragment in the KRAS 3' UTR that is required for KRAS 3' UTR reporter repression. This element contains a miR-185 complementary element, and we show that overexpression of miR-185 represses endogenous KRAS mRNA and protein in vitro. In addition, we have identified another 49-nt fragment that is required to promote KRAS 3' UTR reporter expression. These findings indicate that multiple cis-regulatory motifs in the 3' UTR of KRAS finely modulate its expression, and sequence alterations within a binding motif may disrupt the precise functions of trans-regulatory factors, potentially leading to aberrant KRAS expression. PMID:26930719
Brown, D. E.; Rashotte, A. M.; Murphy, A. S.; Normanly, J.; Tague, B. W.; Peer, W. A.; Taiz, L.; Muday, G. K.
Polar transport of the plant hormone auxin controls many aspects of plant growth and development. A number of synthetic compounds have been shown to block the process of auxin transport by inhibition of the auxin efflux carrier complex. These synthetic auxin transport inhibitors may act by mimicking endogenous molecules. Flavonoids, a class of secondary plant metabolic compounds, have been suggested to be auxin transport inhibitors based on their in vitro activity. The hypothesis that flavonoids regulate auxin transport in vivo was tested in Arabidopsis by comparing wild-type (WT) and transparent testa (tt4) plants with a mutation in the gene encoding the first enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase. In a comparison between tt4 and WT plants, phenotypic differences were observed, including three times as many secondary inflorescence stems, reduced plant height, decreased stem diameter, and increased secondary root development. Growth of WT Arabidopsis plants on naringenin, a biosynthetic precursor to those flavonoids with auxin transport inhibitor activity in vitro, leads to a reduction in root growth and gravitropism, similar to the effects of synthetic auxin transport inhibitors. Analyses of auxin transport in the inflorescence and hypocotyl of independent tt4 alleles indicate that auxin transport is elevated in plants with a tt4 mutation. In hypocotyls of tt4, this elevated transport is reversed when flavonoids are synthesized by growth of plants on the flavonoid precursor, naringenin. These results are consistent with a role for flavonoids as endogenous regulators of auxin transport.
Neuropeptide Y acts in the paraventricular nucleus to suppress sympathetic nerve activity and its baroreflex regulation
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a brain neuromodulator that has been strongly implicated in the regulation of energy balance, also acts centrally to inhibit sympathetic nerve activity (SNA); however, the site and mechanism of action are unknown. In chloralose-anaesthetized female rats, nanoinjection of NPY into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) dose-dependently suppressed lumbar SNA (LSNA) and its baroreflex regulation, and these effects were blocked by prior inhibition of NPY Y1 or Y5 receptors. Moreover, PVN injection of Y1 and Y5 receptor antagonists in otherwise untreated rats increased basal and baroreflex control of LSNA, indicating that endogenous NPY tonically inhibits PVN presympathetic neurons. The sympathoexcitation following blockade of PVN NPY inhibition was eliminated by prior PVN nanoinjection of the melanocortin 3/4 receptor inhibitor SHU9119. Moreover, presympathetic neurons, identified immunohistochemically using cholera toxin b neuronal tract tracing from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), express NPY Y1 receptor immunoreactivity, and patch-clamp recordings revealed that both NPY and α–melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) inhibit and stimulate, respectively, PVN–RVLM neurons. Collectively, these data suggest that PVN NPY inputs converge with α-MSH to influence presympathetic neurons. Together these results identify endogenous NPY as a novel and potent inhibitory neuromodulator within the PVN that may contribute to changes in SNA that occur in states associated with altered energy balance, such as obesity and pregnancy. PMID:24535439
Brown, D E; Rashotte, A M; Murphy, A S; Normanly, J; Tague, B W; Peer, W A; Taiz, L; Muday, G K
Polar transport of the plant hormone auxin controls many aspects of plant growth and development. A number of synthetic compounds have been shown to block the process of auxin transport by inhibition of the auxin efflux carrier complex. These synthetic auxin transport inhibitors may act by mimicking endogenous molecules. Flavonoids, a class of secondary plant metabolic compounds, have been suggested to be auxin transport inhibitors based on their in vitro activity. The hypothesis that flavonoids regulate auxin transport in vivo was tested in Arabidopsis by comparing wild-type (WT) and transparent testa (tt4) plants with a mutation in the gene encoding the first enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase. In a comparison between tt4 and WT plants, phenotypic differences were observed, including three times as many secondary inflorescence stems, reduced plant height, decreased stem diameter, and increased secondary root development. Growth of WT Arabidopsis plants on naringenin, a biosynthetic precursor to those flavonoids with auxin transport inhibitor activity in vitro, leads to a reduction in root growth and gravitropism, similar to the effects of synthetic auxin transport inhibitors. Analyses of auxin transport in the inflorescence and hypocotyl of independent tt4 alleles indicate that auxin transport is elevated in plants with a tt4 mutation. In hypocotyls of tt4, this elevated transport is reversed when flavonoids are synthesized by growth of plants on the flavonoid precursor, naringenin. These results are consistent with a role for flavonoids as endogenous regulators of auxin transport. PMID:11402184