Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s?quicktabs_8=3
Timestamp: 2016-02-06 20:39:09
Document Index: 713873307

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1681', '§ 1681', '§ 1681', '§\u202f1681', '§\u202f621', '§\u202f601', '§\u202f9', '§\u202f744', '§\u202f212', '§\u202f1604', '§\u202f314', '§\u202f2416', '§\u202f6', '§\u202f506', '§\u202f153', '§\u202f312', '§\u202f412', '§\u202f811', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f41', '§\u202f1021', '§\u202f1051', '§\u202f5511', '§\u202f5561', '§\u202f601', '§\u202f611', '§\u202f1751', '§\u202f181', '§\u202f1', '§\u202f6', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f1088', '§\u202f811', '§\u202f312', '§\u202f312', '§\u202f312', '§\u202f153', '§\u202f412', '§\u202f506', '§\u202f506', '§\u202f506', '§\u202f2416', '§\u202f2416', '§\u202f2416', '§\u202f2416', '§\u202f2417', '§\u202f2416', '§\u202f2417', '§\u202f2418', '§\u202f212', '§\u202f212', 'art 30', 'art 41', 'art 171', 'art 208', 'art 211', 'art 222', 'art 225', 'art 334', 'art 364', 'art 568', 'art 570', 'art 571', 'art 717', 'art 1022', 'art 1', 'art 602', 'art 698']

15 U.S. Code § 1681s - Administrative enforcement | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
U.S. Code › Title 15 › Chapter 41 › Subchapter III › § 1681s 15 U.S. Code § 1681s - Administrative enforcement
§ 1681s.
The Federal Trade Commission shall be authorized to enforce compliance with the requirements imposed by this subchapter under the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.), with respect to consumer reporting agencies and all other persons subject thereto, except to the extent that enforcement of the requirements imposed under this subchapter is specifically committed to some other Government agency under any of subparagraphs (A) through (G) of subsection (b)(1), and subject to subtitle B of the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 [12 U.S.C. 5511 et seq.], subsection (b).[1] For the purpose of the exercise by the Federal Trade Commission of its functions and powers under the Federal Trade Commission Act, a violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce, in violation of section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)), and shall be subject to enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission under section 5(b) of that Act [15 U.S.C. 45(b)] with respect to any consumer reporting agency or person that is subject to enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to this subsection, irrespective of whether that person is engaged in commerce or meets any other jurisdictional tests under the Federal Trade Commission Act. The Federal Trade Commission shall have such procedural, investigative, and enforcement powers, including the power to issue procedural rules in enforcing compliance with the requirements imposed under this subchapter and to require the filing of reports, the production of documents, and the appearance of witnesses, as though the applicable terms and conditions of the Federal Trade Commission Act were part of this subchapter. Any person violating any of the provisions of this subchapter shall be subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act as though the applicable terms and provisions of such Act are part of this subchapter.
(1) In generalSubject to subtitle B of the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, compliance with the requirements imposed under this subchapter with respect to consumer reporting agencies, persons who use consumer reports from such agencies, persons who furnish information to such agencies, and users of information that are subject to section 1681m(d) of this title shall be enforced under—
(A) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1818), by the appropriate Federal banking agency, as defined in section 3(q) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(q)), with respect to—
any national bank or State savings association, and any Federal branch or Federal agency of a foreign bank;
any member bank of the Federal Reserve System (other than a national bank), a branch or agency of a foreign bank (other than a Federal branch, Federal agency, or insured State branch of a foreign bank), a commercial lending company owned or controlled by a foreign bank, and any organization operating under section 25 or 25A of the Federal Reserve Act [12 U.S.C. 601 et seq., 611 et seq.]; and
any bank or Federal savings association insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (other than a member of the Federal Reserve System) and any insured State branch of a foreign bank;
the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.), by the Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration with respect to any Federal credit union;
subtitle IV of title 49, by the Secretary of Transportation, with respect to all carriers subject to the jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board;
the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.) (except as provided in section 406 of that Act [7 U.S.C. 226, 227]), by the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to any activities subject to that Act;
the Commodity Exchange Act [7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.], with respect to a person subject to the jurisdiction of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;
the Federal securities laws, and any other laws that are subject to the jurisdiction of the Securities and Exchange Commission, with respect to a person that is subject to the jurisdiction of the Securities and Exchange Commission; and
(1) Authority of StatesIn addition to such other remedies as are provided under State law, if the chief law enforcement officer of a State, or an official or agency designated by a State, has reason to believe that any person has violated or is violating this subchapter, the State—
may bring an action to enjoin such violation in any appropriate United States district court or in any other court of competent jurisdiction;
(B) subject to paragraph (5), may bring an action on behalf of the residents of the State to recover—
damages for which the person is liable to such residents under sections 1681n and 1681o of this title as a result of the violation;
in the case of a violation described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3) of section 1681s–2(c) of this title, damages for which the person would, but for section 1681s–2(c) of this title, be liable to such residents as a result of the violation; or
damages of not more than $1,000 for each willful or negligent violation; and
(2) Rights of Federal regulatorsThe State shall serve prior written notice of any action under paragraph (1) upon the Bureau and the Federal Trade Commission or the appropriate Federal regulator determined under subsection (b) of this section and provide the Bureau and the Federal Trade Commission or appropriate Federal regulator with a copy of its complaint, except in any case in which such prior notice is not feasible, in which case the State shall serve such notice immediately upon instituting such action. The Bureau and the Federal Trade Commission or appropriate Federal regulator shall have the right—
(A) Violation of injunction requiredA State may not bring an action against a person under paragraph (1)(B) for a violation described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3) of section 1681s–2(c) of this title, unless—
the person has been enjoined from committing the violation, in an action brought by the State under paragraph (1)(A); and
the person has violated the injunction.
For the purpose of the exercise by any agency referred to in subsection (b) of this section of its powers under any Act referred to in that subsection, a violation of any requirement imposed under this subchapter shall be deemed to be a violation of a requirement imposed under that Act. In addition to its powers under any provision of law specifically referred to in subsection (b) of this section, each of the agencies referred to in that subsection may exercise, for the purpose of enforcing compliance with any requirement imposed under this subchapter any other authority conferred on it by law.
Notwithstanding any power granted to any Federal agency under this subchapter, the deference that a court affords to a Federal agency with respect to a determination made by such agency relating to the meaning or interpretation of any provision of this subchapter that is subject to the jurisdiction of such agency shall be applied as if that agency were the only agency authorized to apply, enforce, interpret, or administer the provisions of this subchapter [2] The regulations prescribed by the Bureau under this subchapter shall apply to any person that is subject to this subchapter, notwithstanding the enforcement authorities granted to other agencies under this section.
The Commission,[3] in consultation with the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal banking agencies, and the National Credit Union Administration, shall develop a model form and model procedures to be used by consumers who are victims of identity theft for contacting and informing creditors and consumer reporting agencies of the fraud.
If the Bureau determines that a person described in paragraph (9) of section 1681s–2(a) of this title has not met the requirements of such paragraph, the Bureau shall take action to ensure the person’s compliance with such paragraph, which may include issuing model guidance or prescribing reasonable policies and procedures, as necessary to ensure that such person complies with such paragraph.
(Pub. L. 90–321, title VI, § 621, as added Pub. L. 91–508, title VI, § 601, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1134; amended Pub. L. 98–443, § 9(n), Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1708; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, § 744(l), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 102–242, title II, § 212(c), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2300; Pub. L. 102–550, title XVI, § 1604(a)(6), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4082; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, § 314, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §§ 2416–2418, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–450 to 3009–452; Pub. L. 105–347, § 6(6), Nov. 2, 1998, 112 Stat. 3211; Pub. L. 106–102, title V, § 506(a), (b), Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1441, 1442; Pub. L. 108–159, title I, § 153, title III, § 312(e)(2), title IV, § 412(e), title VIII, § 811(f), Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 1966, 1993, 2003, 2012; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1088(a)(2)(A)–(C), (10), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2087, 2088.)
[1]  So in original.[2]  So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.[3]  So in original. Probably should be “Bureau,”.
The Federal Trade Commission Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is act Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, 38 Stat. 717, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 41 et seq.) of chapter 2 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 58 of this title and Tables.
The Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b)(1), is title X of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1955. Subtitles B (§§ 1021–1029A) and E (§§ 1051–1058) of the Act are classified generally to parts B (§ 5511 et seq.) and E (§ 5561 et seq.), respectively, of subchapter V of chapter 53 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of subtitles B and E to the Code, see Tables.
Sections 25 and 25A of the Federal Reserve Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii), are classified to subchapters I (§ 601 et seq.) and II (§ 611 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 6 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.
The Federal Credit Union Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), is act June 26, 1934, ch. 750, 48 Stat. 1216, which is classified generally to chapter 14 (§ 1751 et seq.) of Title 12. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1751 of Title 12 and Tables.
The Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(E), is act Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, 42 Stat. 159, which is classified to chapter 9 (§ 181 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 181 of Title 7 and Tables.
The Commodity Exchange Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(F), is act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, 42 Stat. 998, which is classified generally to chapter 1 (§ 1 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1 of Title 7 and Tables.
In subsec. (b)(1)(D), “part A of subtitle VII of title 49” substituted for “the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 App. U.S.C. 1301 et seq.)” and “that part” substituted for “that Act” on authority of Pub. L. 103–272, § 6(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1378, the first section of which enacted subtitles II, III, and V to X of Title 49.
2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(10)(A), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which related to enforcement by Federal Trade Commission.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(10)(B), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to enforcement under section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, the Federal Credit Union Act, subtitle IV of title 49, part A of subtitle VII of title 49, and the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(10)(C), in introductory provisions, inserted “and the Federal Trade Commission” before “or the appropriate” and before “or appropriate” in two places.
Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(2)(C), in introductory provisions, substituted “provide the Bureau” for “provide the Commission”.
Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(2)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted “upon the Bureau” for “upon the Federal Trade Commission” and “The Bureau” for “The Federal Trade Commission”.
Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(10)(D), inserted “, the Federal Trade Commission,” before “or the appropriate” in two places.
Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(2)(C), substituted “complaint of the Bureau” for “complaint of the Commission”.
Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(2)(A), substituted “If the Bureau” for “If the Federal Trade Commission”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(10)(E), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which related to prescription of regulations by certain Federal banking agencies, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Board of the National Credit Union Administration.
Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(10)(F), substituted “the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal banking agencies,” for “the Federal banking agencies”.
Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(2)(C), substituted “the Bureau” for “the Commission”.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(2)(C), substituted “the Bureau” for “the Commission” in two places.
Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(2)(B), substituted “Bureau” for “FTC” in heading.
2003—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108–159, § 811(f), substituted “25A” for “25(a)”.
Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 108–159, § 312(e)(2)(A), substituted “described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3) of section 1681s–2(c)” for “of section 1681s–2(a)”.
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 108–159, § 312(e)(2)(B)(ii), substituted “certain violations” for “violation of section 1681s–2(a)(1)” in heading.
Subsec. (c)(5)(A), (B). Pub. L. 108–159, § 312(e)(2)(B)(i), substituted “described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3) of section 1681s–2(c)” for “of section 1681s–2(a)(1)”.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–159, § 153, added subsec. (f).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 108–159, § 412(e), added subsec. (g).
1999—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 106–102, § 506(b), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: “Neither the Commission nor any other agency referred to in subsection (b) of this section may prescribe trade regulation rules or other regulations with respect to this subchapter.”
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–102, § 506(a)(1), struck out at the end “Notwithstanding the preceding, no agency referred to in subsection (b) of this section may conduct an examination of a bank, savings association, or credit union regarding compliance with the provisions of this subchapter, except in response to a complaint (or if the agency otherwise has knowledge) that the bank, savings association, or credit union has violated a provision of this subchapter, in which case, the agency may conduct an examination as necessary to investigate the complaint. If an agency determines during an investigation in response to a complaint that a violation of this subchapter has occurred, the agency may, during its next 2 regularly scheduled examinations of the bank, savings association, or credit union, examine for compliance with this subchapter.”
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–102, § 506(a)(2), added subsec. (e) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (e). Text read as follows: “The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may issue interpretations of any provision of this subchapter as such provision may apply to any persons identified under paragraph (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (b) of this section, or to the holding companies and affiliates of such persons, in consultation with Federal agencies identified in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (b) of this section.”
1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–347 struck out “or (e)” after “subject to subsection (d)” in introductory provisions.
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2416(b)(1), which directed the amendment of subsec. (a) by inserting heading “Enforcement by Federal Trade Commission” before “Compliance with the requirements”, was executed by making the insertion after “(a)”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 104–208, § 2416(a). See below.
Pub. L. 104–208, § 2416(a), inserted “(1)” after “(a)” and added pars. (2) to (4).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2416(b)(2), inserted heading and in introductory provisions substituted “Compliance with the requirements imposed under this subchapter with respect to consumer reporting agencies, persons who use consumer reports from such agencies, persons who furnish information to such agencies, and users of information that are subject to subsection (d) or (e) of section 1681m of this title shall be enforced under—” for “Compliance with the requirements imposed under this subchapter with respect to consumer reporting agencies and persons who use consumer reports from such agencies shall be enforced under—”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2417(2), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).
Pub. L. 104–208, § 2416(c), inserted at end “Notwithstanding the preceding, no agency referred to in subsection (b) of this section may conduct an examination of a bank, savings association, or credit union regarding compliance with the provisions of this subchapter, except in response to a complaint (or if the agency otherwise has knowledge) that the bank, savings association, or credit union has violated a provision of this subchapter, in which case, the agency may conduct an examination as necessary to investigate the complaint. If an agency determines during an investigation in response to a complaint that a violation of this subchapter has occurred, the agency may, during its next 2 regularly scheduled examinations of the bank, savings association, or credit union, examine for compliance with this subchapter.”
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2417(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d).
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2418, added subsec. (e).
1995—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 104–88 substituted “Secretary of Transportation, with respect to all carriers subject to the jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board” for “Interstate Commerce Commission with respect to any common carrier subject to those Acts”.
1992—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 102–550 substituted semicolon for period at end.
1991—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–242, § 212(c)(2), inserted at end “The terms used in paragraph (1) that are not defined in this subchapter or otherwise defined in section 3(s) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(s)) shall have the meaning given to them in section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C. 3101).”
Pub. L. 102–242, § 212(c)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, in the case of:
“(B) member banks of the Federal Reserve System (other than national banks), by the Federal Reserve Board; and
“(C) banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (other than members of the Federal Reserve System), by the Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.”
1989—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–73 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “section 5(d) of the Home Owners Loan Act of 1933, section 407 of the National Housing Act, and sections 6(i) and 17 of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (acting directly or through the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation), in the case of any institution subject to any of those provisions;”.
1984—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–443 substituted “Secretary of Transportation” for “Civil Aeronautics Board”.
This is a list of parts within the Code of Federal Regulations for which this US Code section provides rulemaking authority.This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing Office].It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site.12 CFR - Banks and Banking12 CFR Part 30 - SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS STANDARDS12 CFR Part 41 - FAIR CREDIT REPORTING12 CFR Part 171 - FAIR CREDIT REPORTING12 CFR Part 208 - MEMBERSHIP OF STATE BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (REGULATION H)12 CFR Part 211 - INTERNATIONAL BANKING OPERATIONS (REGULATION K)12 CFR Part 222 - FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V)12 CFR Part 225 - BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y)12 CFR Part 334 - FAIR CREDIT REPORTING12 CFR Part 364 - STANDARDS FOR SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS12 CFR Part 568 - SECURITY PROCEDURES12 CFR Part 570 - SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS GUIDELINES AND COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES12 CFR Part 571 - FAIR CREDIT REPORTING12 CFR Part 717 - FAIR CREDIT REPORTING12 CFR Part 1022 - FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V)
16 CFR - Commercial Practices16 CFR Part 1 - GENERAL PROCEDURES16 CFR Part 602 - FAIR AND ACCURATE CREDIT TRANSACTIONS ACT OF 200316 CFR Part 698 - MODEL FORMS AND DISCLOSURES