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how to open a pdf file in asp.net using c# : Copy highlighted text from pdf SDK software service wpf windows azure dnn H-1297-1%20Section%20508%20Handbook0-part857
H-1297-1 Creating Section 508 Compliant Documents
1. Explanation of Material Transmitted: This handbook provides step-by-step instructions to
assist BLM employees in creating accessible documents compliant with Section 508 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. 794d). Section 508 requires the federal
government to ensure that the electronic and information technology that it develops, procures,
maintains, or uses is accessible to persons with disabilities.
2. Reports Required: None.
3. Material Superseded: None.
4. Filing Instructions: File as directed below.
Total: 108 sheets
Janine Valesco
Business, Fiscal, and Information Resources Management
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BLM Handbook
Rel. No. 1-1766
This document contains basic recommended
guidelines for development of documents and PDF
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H-1297-1 Handbook for Creating Section 508 Compliant Documents (P)
Chapter 1 - Introduction to 508 Compliance ............................................................................. 1-1
Chapter 2 - Microsoft Word Document Creation ...................................................................... 2-1
Font Group versus Style Group ................................................................................. 2-1
Tables ........................................................................................................................... 2-1
Lists ............................................................................................................................... 2-1
Fillable Forms .............................................................................................................. 2-1
Backgrounds, Fancy Borders, and Text Boxes ......................................................... 2-1
Symbols ........................................................................................................................ 2-2
Special Effects .............................................................................................................. 2-2
nd Don’
.................................................................................... 2-2
Chapter 3 - Formatting your Document .................................................................................... 3-1
Styles ............................................................................................................................. 3-1
Headings ....................................................................................................................... 3-2
Create Your Own Style Set ........................................................................................ 3-3
Sharing Style Sets ........................................................................................................ 3-6
Table of Content .......................................................................................................... 3-7
Paragraph Formatting ................................................................................................ 3-7
Bullets and Numbered Lists ...................................................................................... 3-9
Captions ..................................................................................................................... 3-10
Automatic Footnotes ................................................................................................. 3-11
Headers and Footers ................................................................................................. 3-11
Page Numbering ........................................................................................................ 3-11
Avoiding Text Boxes ................................................................................................. 3-13
Placing Text in Shapes .............................................................................................. 3-14
Insert Images and Graphics ..................................................................................... 3-14
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Alternate Text ............................................................................................................ 3-15
Optimize Images and Graphics ................................................................................ 3-16
Grouping Images and Graphics ............................................................................... 3-18
Columns ..................................................................................................................... 3-19
Strong Contrast with the Background Color ......................................................... 3-20
Tables.......................................................................................................................... 3-22
Tables are Only for Tabular Data ........................................................................... 3-22
Label the Columns .................................................................................................... 3-23
Check for Merged or Split Cells in Heading Rows ................................................ 3-23
Making a Table Look Like it has a Merged Cell .................................................... 3-24
arounds for Merged and Split Cell “Looks”
..................................... 3-24
Indicate the Header Rows......................................................................................... 3-25
Restrict the Table Cells to a Single Page ................................................................. 3-25
Attaching Alternative Text to a Table in MS Word .............................................. 3-25
Providing Unique Hyperlink Labels ........................................................................ 3-26
Forms .......................................................................................................................... 3-28
Saving as a Template and Create Editable Regions ............................................... 3-29
Chapter 4 - Is Your Document Compliant? ............................................................................... 4-1
Check Your Document For Accessibility .................................................................. 4-1
Additional Information ............................................................................................... 4-1
MS Word 508 Checklist .............................................................................................. 4-3
PDF File Creation in MS Word ............................................................................. 5-1
Converting Your Documents to Accessible PDF files .............................................. 5-1
Convert Your Document to a PDF File ..................................................................... 5-1
Chapter 6 - Excel Document Creation ....................................................................................... 6-1
Set Document Language ............................................................................................. 6-1
Change the Default Language for a Workbook ....................................................... 6-1
Provide Text Alternatives for Images and Graphical Objects ................................ 6-1
Tips for Writing Alternative Text .............................................................................. 6-1
Tips for Writing Longer Descriptions ....................................................................... 6-1
Add Alternative Text to Images and Graphical Objects ........................................ 6-2
Format Your Cells ....................................................................................................... 6-2
Named Styles ................................................................................................................ 6-2
Format a Cell with Default Named Styles ................................................................ 6-2
Other Cell Characteristics .......................................................................................... 6-3
Define Cell Names ....................................................................................................... 6-3
Create Accessible Charts ............................................................................................ 6-3
Other Chart Considerations ....................................................................................... 6-4
Use Other Content Structuring Features .................................................................. 6-5
id “F
Elements ......................................................................................... 6-5
Format of Text ............................................................................................................ 6-5
To Change the Text Size for a Default Named Style ................................................ 6-5
Use Sufficient Contrast ............................................................................................... 6-6
Avoid Using Color Alone ............................................................................................ 6-6
Navigational Instructions ........................................................................................... 6-6
Accessibility Checker .................................................................................................. 6-6
To Evaluate PDF Accessibility in Adobe Acrobat Professional .............................. 6-7
Excel 508 Checklist ...................................................................................................... 6-8
Chapter 7 - Multimedia Creation ............................................................................................... 7-1
Multimedia 508 Checklist ........................................................................................... 7-1
Chapter 8 - PowerPoint Creation, Preparing Accessible Presentations ................................... 8-1
Create a New Presentation ......................................................................................... 8-1
Properties ..................................................................................................................... 8-1
Set Document Language ............................................................................................. 8-2
Create Accessible Templates ...................................................................................... 8-3
Slide Layouts ................................................................................................................ 8-4
Adding New Layouts and Placeholders .................................................................... 8-5
Use Built-In Layout and Styling Features................................................................. 8-6
Use Built-In Slide Layouts .......................................................................................... 8-6
Customize Using Master Slides ................................................................................. 8-6
Columns of Text .......................................................................................................... 8-6
Slide Design .................................................................................................................. 8-7
Fonts and Font Size ..................................................................................................... 8-8
Use of Color and Contrast .......................................................................................... 8-8
Set a Logical Tab Order ............................................................................................. 8-8
Tips for Setting a Logical
Tab Orde
for "Floating" Objects ............................ 8-9
Use Slide Notes ........................................................................................................... 8-9
Add Alternative Text to Images and Objects ......................................................... 8-10
How to Group Small Graphics/Images ................................................................... 8-12
Header Rows on Tables ............................................................................................ 8-12
Specify Colum Information in Tables ..................................................................... 8-13
Add alt text for Tables: ............................................................................................. 8-13
Avoid Using Blank Cells to Format Tables ............................................................. 8-14
Ensure that all Slides Have Unique Titles ............................................................... 8-14
Use Hyperlink Text that is Meaningful ................................................................... 8-14
To Change the Text of a Hyplerink ......................................................................... 8-15
Include Closed Captions for any Audio or Video ................................................... 8-15
Ensure that the Reading Order of Each Slide is Logical ....................................... 8-15
Increase Visibility for Colorblind Viewers ............................................................. 8-16
Animations and Transitions ..................................................................................... 8-16
Convert PowerPoint to Other Formats ................................................................... 8-16
PowerPoint 508 Checklist ......................................................................................... 8-18
Chapter 9 - PDF Checking and Problem Solving ...................................................................... 9-1
PDF Document Properties .......................................................................................... 9-1
508 Compliance Check ............................................................................................... 9-1
Avoid Scanned Documents ......................................................................................... 9-3
Adding Tags to Your Document ................................................................................ 9-5
Checking Your Document for Accessibility .............................................................. 9-6
Reflow .......................................................................................................................... 9-6
Read Aloud................................................................................................................... 9-6
Forms ............................................................................................................................ 9-7
Chapter 10 - Tips and Tricks on Correcting Errors in a PDF file ......................................... 10-1
Tables - Summaries Failed ....................................................................................... 10-1
Tables - Headers Failed ............................................................................................ 10-1
Regularity Failed ....................................................................................................... 10-1
Add New Tags to the Table ...................................................................................... 10-5
Touchup Reading Order in a PDF file .................................................................... 10-7
Using the Touch Up Reading Order Tool to Add Alternate Text ........................ 10-8
To Correct Reading Order ....................................................................................... 10-8
Correct Out of Order Tags ..................................................................................... 10-10
Setting Content to Background ............................................................................. 10-11
Changing Content Tags .......................................................................................... 10-11
List Errors ................................................................................................................ 10-11
Annotation Errors ................................................................................................... 10-13
Tagged Form Fields ................................................................................................ 10-13
Tab Order ................................................................................................................ 10-13
Encoding Errors ...................................................................................................... 10-13
Using the Acrobat XI Pro Accessibility Checker ................................................. 10-14
Appendix 1 - Font Index .......................................................................................................... A1-1
Appendix 2 - Symbol Shortcuts ............................................................................................... A2-1
Chapter 1 - Introduction to 508 Compliance
Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 508) requires the federal government to
ensure that the electronic and information technology that it develops, procures, maintains, or
uses is accessible to persons with disabilities. Section 508 Standards are part of the Federal
Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and address access for people with physical, sensory, or
cognitive disabilities. They contain technical criteria specific to various types of technologies
and performance-based requirements, which focus on functional capabilities of covered
products. Specific criteria cover hardware, software applications and operating systems, web-
based information and applications, computers, telecommunications products, video and multi-
media, and self-contained closed products.
The BLM no longer prints many of its documents, but posts them to the internet. While
documents are now much more accessible, and it is a very cost effective and an environmentally
responsible way to distribute information, individual authors now assist in carrying out the
requirements to ensure Section 508 compliance. This handbook provides step-by-step
instructions to assist BLM employees in creating accessible documents compliant with Section
Thanks to the National Wildfire Coordinating Group for all of their work on this document.
508 Compliance is a web-based standard by which documents, video, multimedia, and
websites are developed to allow equal access to information for all individuals with sensory
impairments. Individuals with visual or hearing impairments can then use assistive
technology software to interpret the content and provide either screen captions or have the
content read out loud to the user.
Section 508 requires that when any federal agencies develop, procure, maintain, or use
electronic information technology, any person with a disability has access to and use of
information, and data that is comparable to the access and use by federal employees who are
not individuals with disabilities.
How does this law impact my program?
All federal agencies are required to ensure that their websites and the contents are
compliant with Section 508 of the Act.
Video that appears on government websites must be captioned for the deaf and hard
PDF documents and forms on government websites must be accessible to blind and low
vision individuals, both government employees and the general public.
Chapter 2 - Microsoft Word Document Creation
Following are some of the most common mistakes made when converting documents to
PDF. Avoid these mistakes to save time and frustration:
A. Font Group versus Style Group
Figure 1 - Home Tab Ribbon Bar
Avoid using the Font Group on the Home tab of the ribbon bar to change the font, size, color,
etc. The Styles group allows the document to maintain formatting required for Adobe Acrobat
to interpret the documents structure when converting to PDF. Styles also are instrumental in
developing the Table of Contents (TOC) which allows for easy navigation in MS Word and
Bookmarks in PDF. This is probably the most important step you will take in creating
accessible MS Word documents. If you use the Font window to change a Style it will break the
formatting. For more information visit Chapter 3A,
If constructed incorrectly, tables can be very time intensive to fix in PDF. Please read the
section on tables and learn the proper way to create them. For more information visit Chapter
Lists are also very time intensive to fix in PDF. Always use the Paragraph Group List
formats when creating bulleted or numerical lists. For more information visit Chapter 3H,
D. Fillable Forms
The only way to create a 508 compliant fillable PDF form is to create the fillable areas in the
Adobe Acrobat PDF. Fillable areas created in other programs will not transfer when
converted to PDF. For more information visit Chapter 3GG,
E. Backgrounds, Fancy Borders, and Text Boxes
Backgrounds, fancy borders, and text boxes are visually appealing, but can cause many
difficulties when trying to create a 508 compliant PDF. When converted to PDF, backgrounds,
fancy borders, and often text boxes are read as images and text in text boxes will not read.
Anything read as an image will require alt text within the PDF or have to be converted to
backgrounds. For more information visit Chapter 3M
Avoiding Text Boxes
Special Characters using fonts such as Wingdings are likely to fail. They throw encoding
errors which are very hard to fix in PDF. Instead, on the Insert Tab use Symbols utilizing a
standard font, or Alt + Keys to create special characters such as check boxes, etc. If you get
encoding errors in your PDF, you
ve used the wrong type of characters. For more
information visit Appendix 2,
G. Special Effects
Remove any drop shadows, glows, bevels, etc. from any text that is not inside a shape and that
will be converted to PDF for electronic web submission. Sorry.
H. Additional
1. Include alternative text for all graphics/images. Summaries have to be done in the PDF as
they do not stay when documents are converted to PDF.
2. Include appropriate keywords, document titles, and subject under properties.
3. Number your pages using the automated
4. Use page breaks to start a new page instead of hitting return till you reach a new page.
5. Put periods or commas at the end of each list item. This may not be grammatically
correct, but assistive technology needs the period or comma to recognize and pause at
the end of a line of text. Otherwise, all list text would read in a continuous, non-stop
6. Optimize and reduce graphic file size and dimensions in MS Word. See
7. Use an Underscore or Dash between words in a filename, never spaces. Spaces show
up as %20 symbols when uploaded to a website.
1. Write-protect the document.
2. Put any personal information in the document.
3. Use a period, slash, or other special characters (!, @, #, $, %, ^, &, *, etc.) when creating
filenames. Periods are reserved for file extensions and are automatically appended to the
end of a filename. Slashes indicate directory structure.
4. Underline text
it can make reading difficult for some.
5. Use all caps in body text.
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