Source: http://www.freshpatents.com/-dt20130110ptan20130009377.php
Timestamp: 2013-05-20 06:10:08
Document Index: 417362210

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 66', 'art 66', 'art 66', 'art 66', 'art 66', 'art 66', 'art 66']

Vehicle Suspension And Improved Method Of Assembly n/a views for this patent on FreshPatents.comupdated 05/17/13
Patents sorted by company.	01/10/13 | Class 280 Monitor | RSS | Browse: Prev - Next Vehicle suspension and improved method of assembly Abstract: A suspension having a frame attachment portion having an opening with a spring mount positioned therein, and a first shear spring positioned between a wall of the spring mount and a side wall of the opening, and a second shear spring positioned between another wall of the spring mount and another wall of the opening. The first spring mount comprises an inboard part and an outboard part with a first through-hole positioned therein adapted to allow passage of a first connecting rod therethrough, wherein the first connecting rod connects the inboard and outboard parts together, and wherein the first shear spring is compressed between a wall of the spring mount and a wall of the opening, and wherein the second shear spring is compressed between a wall of the spring mount and a wall of the opening.
Agent: Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. - Itasca, IL, USInventors: Shawn D. Noble, Hormoz Kerendian, Ashley T. DuddingUSPTO Applicaton #: #20130009377 - Class: 280124178 (USPTO) - 01/10/13 - Class 280 Related Terms: Connecting Rod Related Patent Categories: Land Vehicles, Wheeled, Running Gear, Suspension Arrangement, Mechanical Spring Element, Elastomeric Spring, Shear ForceThe Patent Description & Claims data below is from USPTO Patent Application 20130009377, Vehicle suspension and improved method of assembly.
The present application is a continuation-in-part application of pending application Ser. No. 13/178,773 filed on Jul. 8, 2011, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety as if set forth herein.
The assignee of the present invention disclosed a vehicle suspension having shear springs and a load cushion with a continuously increasing spring rate in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/876,158 which is entitled “Suspension Assembly With Tie-Plate” and was filed on Sep. 5, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/545,828, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,052,166, which is entitled “Tie-plate and frame hanger of a suspension assembly” and was filed Aug. 22, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/334,195, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,152,195, entitled “Modular Suspension System and Components Thereof” filed on Dec. 12, 2008, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/045,069, entitled “Elastomeric Spring Vehicle Suspension” filed on Mar. 10, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,926,836, each of which is assigned to Hendrickson USA, L.L.C. This application incorporates U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/545,828, 12/334,195, and 12,876,158, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,926,836, 8,052,166, and 8,152,195 herein by reference. The present application includes improvements and advancements over the vehicle suspensions disclosed in the applications noted above.
In one aspect a suspension is provided comprising a first frame attachment portion adapted for connection to a vehicle frame rail, with a first spring module attached to the first frame attachment portion, where the first spring module has an opening defined by a top wall, a bottom wall, and first and second side walls of said first spring module. A first spring mount is positioned within the opening of the first spring module, and a first shear spring is positioned between a first side wall of the first spring mount and said first side wall of the opening of the first spring module, and a second shear spring is positioned between a second side wall of the first spring mount and said second side wall of the opening of the first spring module. The first spring mount comprises an inboard part and an outboard part separate from the inboard part, a first through-hole positioned in at least one of the inboard or outboard parts of the first spring mount adapted to allow passage of a first connecting rod therethrough, wherein the first connecting rod connects the inboard part of the first spring mount together with the outboard part of the first spring mount, and wherein the first shear spring is compressed between the first side wall of the first spring mount and the first side wall of the opening of the first spring module, and wherein the second shear spring is compressed between the second side wall of the first spring mount and the second side wall of the opening of the first spring module.
In another aspect a suspension is provided that further includes a second frame attachment portion adapted for connection to the vehicle frame rail, with a second spring module attached to the second frame attachment portion that has an opening defined by a top wall, a bottom wall, and first and second side walls of said second spring module. A second spring mount is positioned within the opening of the second spring module, and a third shear spring positioned between a first side wall of the second spring mount and a first side wall of the opening of the second spring module, and a fourth shear spring positioned between a second side wall of the second spring mount and second side wall of the opening of the second spring module. The second spring mount is comprised of an inboard part and an outboard part separate from the inboard part, a through-hole positioned in at least one of the inboard or outboard parts of the second spring mount adapted to allow passage of a second connecting rod therethrough, wherein the second connecting rod connects the inboard part of the second spring mount together with the outboard part of the second spring mount, and wherein the third shear spring is compressed between the first side wall of the second spring mount and the first side wall of the opening of the second spring module, and wherein the fourth shear spring is compressed between the second side wall of the second spring mount and the second side wall of the opening of the second spring module.
In another aspect, a shear spring is provided comprising a base and a V-shaped portion opposite the base adapted to mate with a corresponding V-shaped surface positioned on a side wall of a spring mount, and an elastomeric material positioned between the base and the V-shaped surface, and first intermediate plate positioned between the base and the V-shaped surface. The shear spring may include two or more flat intermediate plates.
providing a frame attachment portion adapted for connection to a vehicle frame rail, wherein the frame attachment portion has a first spring module attached thereto, wherein the first spring module has an opening defined by a top wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall of the first spring module;
placing a first threaded rod through a through-hole in at least one of the first part of the first spring mount or the second part of the first spring mount;
tightening the first threaded rod to draw together the first part of the first spring mount and the second part of the first spring mount, and to compress the first shear spring between the first side wall of the first spring mount and the first side wall of the opening of the first spring module, and also to compress the second shear spring between the second side wall of the first spring mount and the second side wall of the opening of the first spring module;
placing a first connecting rod through another through-hole in at least one of the first part of the first spring mount or the second part of the first spring mount; and
securing the first connecting rod to hold the first part of the first spring mount and the second part of the first spring mount together.
FIG. 8A is another perspective view of the portion of the saddle assembly shown in
FIG. 21a is a top view of an inboard saddle and an outboard saddle prior to being drawn together by two connecting rods;
FIG. 21b is a top view of the saddles in FIG. 21a after they have been drawn together by the connecting rods;
FIG. 25a is an elevation view of the vehicle suspension 50 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3;
FIG. 25b is another elevation view of the vehicle suspension 50 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3;
FIG. 31 is a perspective view of another example vehicle suspension;
FIG. 32 is a load cushion having two load cushion retainers extending from the base;
FIG. 33 is a perspective outboard view of vehicle suspension 50′ which is a modified version of vehicle suspension 50 shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 34 is an outboard view of the vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIG. 33;
FIG. 35 is a perspective inboard view of vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIGS. 33 and 34;
FIG. 36 is an inboard view of the vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIG. 35;
FIG. 37 is a perspective view of a saddle assembly shown in FIGS. 33-36;
FIG. 38 is another perspective view of the saddle assembly shown in FIG. 37;
FIG. 39 is a perspective view of a portion of the saddle assembly shown in FIGS. 37 and 38;
FIG. 39A is another perspective view of the portion of the saddle assembly shown in FIGS. 37 and 38;
FIG. 40 is a perspective view of a shear spring shown in the vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIGS. 33-36;
FIG. 41 is a side view of the shear spring shown in FIG. 40; and
FIG. 42 is another side view of the shear spring shown in FIGS. 40 and 41.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle suspension 50 having a frame attachment portion 58 that is adapted for attachment to a vehicle frame or frame rail. Vehicle suspension 50 is shown attached to a walking beam 78 positioned beneath the vehicle suspension 50. Also disclosed is a second vehicle suspension 50a having a frame attachment portion 58a that is adapted for attachment to a vehicle frame or frame rail on a side of the vehicle opposite the side to which vehicle suspension 50 is attachable to a vehicle frame or frame rail. Vehicle suspension 50a is shown attached to a walking beam 78a positioned beneath the vehicle suspension 50a. A cross tube 55 is attachable to vehicle suspensions 50 and 50a. Vehicle suspension 50 is designed to support longitudinally extending vehicle frame rails (not shown) which can be of various types that are positioned above laterally extending vehicle axles. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, components of vehicle suspension 50 and the other suspensions described herein are duplicated on each side of the vehicle as shown in FIG. 1. It will also be appreciated that vehicle wheels may be mounted to the ends of the vehicle axles in a known manner. Further, it will be appreciated that the vehicle frame rails may be connected by one or more vehicle frame cross members.
For purposes of this description, unless specifically described otherwise, hereinafter, “vehicle” refers to a vehicle or a trailer. In this way, for example, a vehicle frame refers to a vehicle frame or a trailer frame. Furthermore, for purposes of this description, the left side of a vehicle refers to a side of the vehicle on an observer\'s left-hand side when the observer faces the back of the vehicle, and the right side of the vehicle refers to a side of the vehicle on an observer\'s right-hand side when the observer faces the back of the vehicle. Furthermore still, for purposes of this description, “outboard” refers to a position further away from a center line, running from the front to the back of a vehicle, relative to “inboard” which refers to a position closer to that same center line.
FIG. 1 identifies walking beam ends 59 and 59a. In accordance with a first embodiment, frame attachment portion 58 may be attached to a frame rail on the left side of a vehicle and the frame attachment portion 58a may be attached to a frame rail on the right side of the vehicle such that the front end of the vehicle is closer to walking beam end 59 than it is to walking beam end 59a. In accordance with a second embodiment, frame attachment portion 58 may be attached to a frame rail on the right side of the vehicle and the frame attachment portion 58a may be attached to a frame rail on the left side of the vehicle, such that the front end of the vehicle is closer to walking beam end 59a than it is to walking beam end 59.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of vehicle suspension 50 (the same suspension shown in FIG. 1). Frame rail attachment holes 60 of frame attachment portion 58 are adapted for attaching frame attachment portion 58 to a vehicle frame or frame rail (not shown) using, for example, connecting rods, such as mounting bolts. Vehicle suspension 50 includes gussets 62a-f extending perpendicularly from the frame rail attachment portion 58 to provide additional support and rigidity to vehicle suspension 50.
Similarly, but adjacent to spring module 70, a spring module 70a is attached to frame rail attachment portion 58. Spring module 70a includes an opening 64a. Positioned within opening 64a are (i) at least a part of a spring mount 66a, (ii) at least a part of a shear spring 72a positioned between a first side wall of the spring mount 66a and a side wall 80a (see FIG. 4) of spring module 70a, (iii) at least a part of a shear spring 74a positioned between a second side wall of the spring mount 66a and a side wall 82a of spring module 70, and (iv) at least a part of a load cushion 76a positioned on top of spring mount 66a and beneath the top wall 84a (see FIG. 3) of spring module 70a. As used herein, where it is stated that a component is positioned within the opening, that encompasses situations where the component is not entirely positioned within the opening. Thus, components partially, but not entirely, positioned within the opening are still positioned within the opening within the meaning of this specification.
A second spring module 70a is positioned adjacent spring module 70 and is also attached to frame rail attachment portion 58. Spring module 70a includes an opening 64a. Positioned within at least a portion of opening 64a are (i) a spring mount 66a, (ii) a third shear spring 72a positioned between a first side wall of spring mount 66a and a side wall 80a of opening 64a, (iii) a fourth shear spring 74a positioned between a second side wall of the spring mount 66a and a second side wall 82a of opening 64a, and (iv) a load cushion 76a positioned on top of spring mount 66a and beneath a top wall 84a of opening 64a. FIGS. 4 and 5 are perspective views of a frame hanger portion (or more simply, a “frame hanger”) 100 that is a component of vehicle suspension 50 shown in FIGS. 1-3. Frame hanger 100 comprises frame attachment portion 58, gussets 62a-f, upper U-plates 73 and 77, and lower U-plates 75 and 79. Each of U-plates 73, 75, 77, and 79 can consist of a single plate formed from a single flat plate, or alternatively, can be fabricated from multiple flat plates. Alternately, the U-plates can be cast. Further, the entire opening 64 of spring module 70, or portions thereof, could be cast as well.
Upper U-plate 77 and lower U-plate 79 define opening 64 of spring module 70. Upper U-plate 77 includes flanges 77a and 77b and top wall 84. U-plate 79 includes side walls 80 and 82 and bottom wall 86. Preferably, a distance 101 (shown in FIG. 5) between the outer edges of flanges 77a and 77b is equal to or slightly less than a distance 102 (shown in FIG. 5) between walls 80 and 82 such that upper U-plate 77 fits between walls 80 and 82 and flanges 77a and 77b are operable as shear spring stops 84b and 84c for shear springs 72 and 74, respectively.
Similarly, upper U-plate 73 and lower U-plate 75 define opening 64a of spring module 70a. Upper U-plate 73 includes flanges 73a and 73b and top wall 84a. U-plate 75 includes side walls 80a and 82a and bottom wall 86a. Preferably, a distance 103 (shown in FIG. 5) between the outer edges of flanges 73a and 73b is equal to or slightly less than a distance 104 (shown in FIG. 5) between walls 80a and 82a such that upper U-plate 73 fits between walls 80a and 82a and flanges 73a and 73b are operable as shear spring stops 84e and 84d for shear springs 72a and 74a, respectively. Preferably, distance 101 equals distance 103, and distance 102 equals distance 104. FIG. 4 illustrates side edges 110, 110a, 110b, and 110c of side walls 80, 82, 80a, and 82a, respectively, and FIG. 5 illustrates side edges 112, 112a, 112b, and 112c of side walls 80, 82, 80a, and 82a, respectively.
It should be noted the top wall 84 of the U-plate 77 and/or the top wall 84a of U-plate 73 may include a dome-like configuration to control bulging of a progressive spring rate load cushion during loaded conditions thereby increasing the useful life of the load cushion. The load cushion may be an elastomeric progressive spring rate load cushion shaped to resemble a pyramid, and having a flattened top surface (see FIG. 14 described below). The top of the load cushion nests within the dome-like configuration during loading. The dome-like configuration may be formed in top wall 84 or 84a by a stamping or punching operation where the top wall of the plate is plastically deformed. Alternately, a dome could be cast or forged into the top wall of the opening. In addition, a domed insert (e.g., a cast or forged dome insert) could be attached (e.g., by welding or bolting) to the top wall to provide a top wall with a dome-like configuration.
Lower U-plate 79 includes a weld-slot 81 through which a weld bead (not shown) for welding lower U-plate 79 to lower U-plate 75 can reside without extending outside of weld-slot 81. In accordance with an example embodiment, the weld bead within weld-slot 81 may be the only weld bead within opening 64, such that opening 64 includes no weld beads that can act as ramps upon which shear springs 72 or 74 can ride on to avoid shear spring stops 84b or 84c, respectively.
Similarly, U-plate 75 includes a weld-slot (not shown) through which a weld bead (not shown) for welding lower U-plate 75 to lower U-plate 79 can reside without extending outside of the weld-slot within U-plate 75. In accordance with an example embodiment, the weld bead within the weld-slot within U-plate 75 may be the only weld bead within opening 64a, such that opening 64a includes no weld beads that can act as ramps upon which shear springs 72a or 74a can ride on to avoid shear spring stops 84d or 84e, respectively. Preferably, the weld-slot within U-plate 75 has the same shape and orientation as weld-slot 81 and is located closer to edge 110a of wall 86a than to edge 112b of wall 86a. FIG. 4 further illustrates a pocket 37 positioned on side wall 82a. Pocket 37 is shown in dashed lines because pocket 37 is not required for use with shears springs configured as shear springs 72, 72a, 74, 74a, and 300. Rather pocket 37 might be used with shear springs having a flat base plate without outwardly extending flanges (described below). In accordance with embodiments in which pockets are used to retain shear springs, such pockets are typically located on the opposing side walls of the spring module. Details regarding pockets are shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,926,836.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are perspective views of a saddle assembly 90 that is shown in FIGS. 1-3 and that comprises an outboard saddle 120 and an inboard saddle 130. FIGS. 8 and 8A are perspective views of outboard saddle 120. In accordance with the embodiments described herein, inboard saddle 130 may be identical to outboard saddle 120. Alternatively, inboard saddle 130 may be identical to outboard saddle 130 except that the mounting holes (e.g., mounting holes 205, 205a) into which connecting rods 146 and 146a are installed in one of those saddles may be tapped holes and the mounting holes in the other saddle may be untapped holes.
Saddles 120, 130 each include upper and bottom portions. Each upper portion of saddles 120, 130 includes two spring mount portions. Each of the two spring mount portions of saddle 120 interface to corresponding spring mount portions of saddle 130 to form respective spring mounts 66 and 66a. The bottom portion of outboard saddle 120 includes a bottom mount section 136, and the bottom portion of inboard saddle 130 includes a bottom mount section 134. Those bottom mount sections may be conical, spherical, or wedge shaped, and may form a mechanical joint when attached to a walking beam as is known in the art. Furthermore, the bottom portions of outboard saddle 120 and inboard saddle 130 may be similar to the bottom portions of saddles disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,926,836.
As shown in one or more FIGS. 6, 7, 8, and 8A, the upper portion of outboard saddle 120 is identified as upper portion 140, and the upper portion of inboard saddle 130 is identified as upper portion 142. As shown in FIG. 8 and/or FIG. 8A, upper portion 142 includes a spring mount portion 143 and a spring mount portion 145. Spring mount portion 143 includes spring mount side portions 143a and 143b and spring mount portion interface 143f. Similarly, spring mount portion 145 includes spring mount side portions 145a and 145b and spring mount portion interface 145f. Each spring mount side portion of upper portions 140 and 142 includes a pair of flanges and a tapered surface.
As shown in FIG. 8, spring mount side portion 143a includes flanges 143c and 143d and tapered surface 191a, and spring mount side portion 145b includes flanges 145c and 145d and tapered surface 191b. As shown in FIG. 8A, spring mount side portion 143b includes flanges 143e and 143g and tapered surface 191c, and spring mount side portion 145a includes flanges 145e and 145g and tapered surface 191. Each flange on the spring mount side portions include a surface that is operable as a positive-stop to restrict a shear spring from moving beyond the positive-stop as the shear spring is moving in a direction towards the positive-stops. Examples of the shear spring positive-stops on the spring mount side portions shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 includes flange surfaces 173a, 173b, 173c, 173d, 173e, 173f, 173g, 173h, 173i, and 173j. Upper portions 140, 142 of saddles 120, 130 include a number of significant advantages over the saddles and saddle assemblies shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,926,836. As one example, the upper portions 140, 142 of saddles 120, 130 are designed to be drawn together (e.g., drawn in contact with each other) by connecting rods 146 and 146a. In that way, spring mount portion interface 143f is drawn into contact with a corresponding spring mount portion interface on upper portion 140 and spring mount portion interface 145f is drawn into contact with another corresponding spring mount portion interface on upper portion 140.
In accordance with this design, the upper portions 140, 142 may serve as spring mounts. In particular, the upper portions 140, 142 include first ends 150, 152 thereof that together form first load cushion mounting surface 155 on first spring mount 66 that is adapted to have a first load cushion mounted thereon. Similarly, upper portions 140, 142 also include second ends 160, 162 thereof that together form second load cushion mounting surface 165 on second spring mount 66a that is adapted to have a second load cushion mounted thereon. Of course, while two load cushion mounting surfaces are shown, only one, or perhaps three or more load cushion mounting surfaces could be provided on the upper portions 140, 142. Thus, spring mounts 66 and 66a are integrally attached to the saddle, unlike the saddle shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,926,836. Indeed, spring mounts 66 and 66a are preferably integrally formed with the saddles 120 and 130, as shown in FIG. 6. With this design, the need for separate spring mounts is eliminated. Of course, spring mounts integral with the saddle are not required and spring mounts that are separate from the saddle may be used for particular applications, as shown for example in FIG. 27.
As mentioned above, the upper portions 140, 142 of the outboard saddle 120 and inboard 130 are connected together. As discussed in greater detail below, a threaded connecting rod may be a bolt, screw, or other suitable fastener and may be used to connect the saddles together. As illustrated in FIG. 6, one end of connecting rods 146 and 146a can be seen indicating where the connection of the saddles may be accomplished.
FIG. 7 further illustrates the threaded shank portions of connecting rods 146 and 146a. The threaded portion of the connecting rod 146 can be seen extending through the saddles 120, 130 and with nut 204 attached to the threaded portion so as to connect the saddles together. Similarly, the threaded portion of the connecting rod 146a can be seen extending through the saddles 120, 130 and with nut 204a attached to the threaded portion so as to connect the saddles together.
Similarly, upper portions 140, 142 also include second ends 160, 162 thereof that together form a second V-shaped side wall 190a of the spring mount 66a, that is adapted to contact and compress a second shear spring having a corresponding V-shaped top surface (also not shown, but see below). While V-shaped side walls 190 and 190a are disclosed, the saddles could be designed such that only ends 150 and 152 or ends 160 and 162 include a V-shaped side wall. Again, with the design shown in FIG. 6, the need for a separate spring mount to contact a shear spring is eliminated.
Furthermore, upper portion 142 of inboard saddle 130 includes positive-stops 171a, 171c, 171e, and 171g. Similarly, upper portion 140 of outboard saddle 120 includes positive-stops 171b, 171d, 171f, and 171h. Each of the foregoing positive-stops extends upward above load cushion mounting surfaces 155, 165, and is operable to prevent vehicle suspension 50 from having a longer than desired stroke. Those positive-stops are most-likely put into use when load cushions are not mounted to saddle assembly 90 or if the load cushion(s) mounted to saddle assembly 90 are compressed to a level below the upper surfaces of the positive-stops. During such use, the positive-stops can contact top walls 84 and 84a so as to limit the stroke of vehicle suspension 50. Furthermore still, as shown in FIG. 8 and/or FIG. 8A, upper portion 142 of inboard saddle 130 includes positive-stops 171w, 171x, 171y, and 171z. Each of the foregoing positive-stops, as well as similarly positioned positive-stops on upper portion 140 of outboard saddle 120, is operable to prevent vehicle suspension 50 from having a longer than desired stroke. The positive-stops 171w, 171x, 171y, and 171z are most-likely put into use during a rebound motion of vehicle suspension 50. During such use, the positive-stops can contact bottom walls 86 and 86a so as to limit the stroke of vehicle suspension 50. FIG. 8 and/or FIG. 8A further illustrates surface 155a which provides one half of load cushion mounting surface 155 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and surface 165a which provides one half of load cushion mounting surface 165 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Thus, surface 155a is part of an inboard part 66b of first spring mount 66 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and surface 165a is part of inboard part 66c of second spring mount 66a shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
FIG. 8 also illustrates tapered surface 191a that forms one half of V-shaped wall 190a at end 162 of saddle assembly 90, and tapered surface 191b that forms one half of V-shaped wall 190b shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Further, through-hole 205 is shown in inboard part 66b of first spring mount 66 which comprises half of spring mount 66, and through-hole 205a is shown in inboard part 66c of second spring mount 66a which comprises half of second spring mount 66a. As can be seen from FIGS. 7 and 8, connecting rod 146 extends through through-hole 205 and connecting rod 146a extends through through-hole 205a. FIG. 8A also illustrates tapered surface 191 that forms one half of V-shaped wall 190 at end 152 of saddle assembly 90, and tapered surface 191c that forms one half of V-shaped wall 190c shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
The frame hanger 100 of vehicle suspension 50 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 may comprise cast or fabricated metal or composite material, including iron, steel, or aluminum. As shown in FIG. 4, frame hanger 100 is fabricated with gussets 62a-f, and sheet steel may be used to make frame attachment portion 58. Frame hanger 100 could also be cast with any suitable castable material. Similarly, the saddles may comprise cast or fabricated metal or composite material. Depending on the application, the metal may, for example, be nodular ductile iron (or more simply, ductile iron), steel, such as a high strength low alloy steel, or aluminum. Typically, high strength low alloy steels are a preferred material to use for the frame hanger and the saddle, although aluminum is often desired when weight considerations are of greater importance.
FIGS. 9 and 13 are perspective views of a shear spring 300, which is sometimes referred to as a V-spring. Any of the shear springs disclosed in the example embodiments, such as shear springs 72, 72a, 74, and 74a, may be arranged as shear spring 300. As shown in FIG. 9, shear spring 300 includes a base plate 302, a V-shaped plate 310, and an intermediate plate 312. V-shaped plate 310 results in shear spring 300 having a V-shaped wall 310a that is adapted to contact a corresponding V-shaped side wall of a spring mount. Shear spring 300 includes an elastomeric section 306 between base plate 302 and intermediate plate 312, and an elastomeric section 308 between intermediate plate 312 and V-shaped plate 310. Alternatively, the shear spring could be made without one or more of plates 302, 310, and 312. For example, the shear spring could be all elastomer, have a base plate 302 without plates 310 and 312, have base plate 302 and plate 312 but no intermediate plate 312, etc. Furthermore, base plate 302 could also be V-shaped like plates 310 and 312 such that all three plates are V-shaped. In such a case, the side wall of the opening contacting base plate 302 could also have a corresponding V-shape. Moreover, the shear spring 300 is shown having the geometry of a preferred embodiment. It will be appreciated that the base plate 302 may not even include a plate as noted above. Further, the base or base plate 302 of the shear spring 300 could also be affixed to the side walls of the opening in the spring module using fasteners, bolts, etc. in a known and conventional manner. Thus, the shear spring is not required to have, but may have, the geometry shown in FIGS. 9-13.
FIGS. 10 and 11 are elevational views of shear spring 300. Shear spring 300 has a free-state vertical offset 301 between its end plates (i.e., base plate 302 and V-shaped plate 310). Preferably, the free-state vertical offset 301 is equal to half the vertical travel of vehicle suspension 50. This is done to minimize a couple induced in shear spring 300 by virtue of the compression load acting on shear spring 300 applied at both end plates. A couple is a moment induced when equal and opposing forces are acting on a body but are not collinear. The effect of the couple on shear spring 300 is to induce rotation within the spring that could cause the spring to rotate within a spring module sufficiently enough to relieve the shear spring\'s compression and put the elastomeric sections (e.g., elastomeric sections 306 and 308) into tension. Offsetting both endplates of shear spring 300 by a distance equal to half of the suspension\'s vertical travel results in couples at the fully stroked and rebound conditions being equal but opposite in direction (the magnitude of these couples is half that of a spring with no offset or an offset equal to that of the vertical travel of vehicle suspension 50).
A shear spring is typically constructed from relatively flat first and second end plates with an elastomer connected between them. This spring will then have compressive and shear rates corresponding to the chosen material, cross-section, and thickness of elastomer. If one were to insert a third plate between the first and second end plates; such that, it subdivides the elastomer thickness into two separate, but not necessarily equal, thickness; the spring\'s compressive rate would increase while the shear rate would not be affected. Because the spring\'s plates are all relatively flat, the spring\'s shear rates in mutually perpendicular directions are the same.
In accordance with the disclosed embodiments, shear spring 300 may be constructed of elastomeric sections 306 and 308 bonded to plates 302, 310, and 312. Elastomeric sections 306 and 308 may comprise an elastomeric material (i.e., an elastomer) such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, styrene butadiene, synthetic polyisoprene, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, polyacrylic rubber, high-density polyethylene, thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic olefin (TPO), urethane, polyurethane, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or some other type of elastomer. In this regard and in particular, elastomeric sections 306 and 308 may comprise an elastomer defined as American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) D2000 M4AA 717 A 13 B13 C12 F17 K11 Z1 Z2. In this case, Z1 represents natural rubber and Z2 represents a durometer selected to achieve a desired shear rate. The selected durometer may be based on a given predefined scale, such as the Shore A scale, the ASTM D2240 type A scale, or the ASTM D2240 type D scale. In a preferred embodiment, in accordance with the Shore A scale, Z2, for example, is preferably 70±5. In another embodiment, in accordance with the Shore A scale, Z2 is, for example, within the range of 50 to 80. Other examples of Z2 and ranges for Z2 are also possible.
FIGS. 14 and 15 are perspective views of an example load cushion 400 for use in vehicle suspension 50. FIG. 16 is an elevation view of load cushion 400 and FIGS. 17 and 18 are top and bottom plan views, respectively, of load cushion 400. Any of the load cushions disclosed in the example embodiments, such as load cushions 76 and 76a, may be arranged as load cushion 400.
Load cushion retainer 410 includes a load cushion retainer grip (or more simply, a grip) 414, a load cushion retainer shaft (or more simply, a shaft) 415, and a load cushion retainer disc (or more simply, a disc) 416. The shaft 415 extends between an outer surface 402a (see, FIG. 15) of base 402 and a retention surface 411 of disc 416. Grip 414 extends away from disc 416 from a portion of disc 416 opposite retention surface 411. The diameters of grip 414, shaft 415, and disc 416 may be different. For example, and as shown in FIG. 15, a diameter of shaft 415 is smaller than a diameter of disc 416, and a diameter of grip 414 is generally smaller (although not necessarily smaller) than the diameters of shaft 415 and disc 416.
FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating an alternative load cushion 400a. Any of the load cushions disclosed in the example embodiments, such as load cushions 76 and 76a, may be arranged as load cushion 400a. Load cushion 400a includes a base 402a, a load cushion portion 404a, a mounting extension 406a, and a mounting extension 408a. Base 402a, load cushion portion 404a, and mounting extension 408a are the same as base 402, load cushion portion 404, and mounting extension 408, respectively, of load cushion 400. Load cushion portion 404a is positioned between mounting extensions 406a and 408a and, as shown in FIG. 19, above base 402a. A load cushion retainer 417, integral with load cushion 400a, extends from mounting extension 406a. Load cushion retainer 417 includes a load cushion retainer grip (or more simply, a grip) 418, a load cushion retainer shaft (or more simply, a shaft) 413, and a load cushion retainer disc (or more simply, a disc) 412. Shaft 413 extends between an outer surface 403a of base 402a and a retention surface 419 of disc 412. Grip 418 extends away from disc 412 from a portion of disc 412 opposite retention surface 419. The foregoing components of load cushion retainer 417 may be configured similar to like named components of load cushion retainer 410 shown in FIG. 14.
Mounting load cushion 400a to load cushion mounting surface 155 or 165 of inboard and outboard saddles 120, 130 may include positioning shaft 415a into a recess on a load cushion mounting surface, such as either of recesses 421 and 423 on load cushion mounting surface 165 (shown in FIGS. 6 and 7), or either of recesses 420 and 422 on load cushion mounting surface 155 (shown in FIGS. 6 and 7). After shaft 415a is positioned or while shaft 415a is being positioned within a saddle assembly recess of either the inboard or outboard saddle, shaft 413 is positioned within another saddle assembly recess on the same load cushion mounting surface that includes the saddle assembly recess in which shaft 415a was or is being positioned. Grips 414a and 418 may be pushed or pulled for enabling easier installation of shafts 413 and 415a into respective recesses.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view illustrating an alternative load cushion 400b. Any of the load cushions disclosed in the example embodiments, such as load cushions 76 and 76a, may be arranged as load cushion 400b. Load cushion 400b includes a base 402b, a load cushion portion 404b, a mounting extension 406b, and a mounting extension 408b. Base 402b, load cushion portion 404b, and mounting extension 406b are the same as base 402, load cushion portion 404, and mounting extension 406, respectively, of load cushion 400. Load cushion portion 404b is positioned between mounting extensions 406b and 408b and, as shown in FIG. 20, above base 402b. Mounting extension 406b includes a mounting hole 407b. Similarly, mounting extension 408b includes a mounting hole 409. Mounting load cushion 400b to load cushion mounting surface 155 or 165 of inboard and outboard saddles 120, 130 may include aligning mounting holes 407b and 409 with a respective saddle assembly recess of either of load cushion mounting surface 155 or 165. A fastener separate from load cushion 400b, such as a bolt, a screw, a cotter pin, or some other type of fastener, can be inserted into mounting hole 407 and into a saddle assembly recess, such as one of saddle assembly recesses 420, 421, 422, or 423 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Alternatively, a saddle to which load cushion 404b is to be mounted may include a tapped or non-tapped hole to which the separate fastener can be installed for retaining load cushion 404 at mounting extension 406b. That tapped or non-tapped hole may be a through-hole. The opposite saddle may include a similarly configured tapped or non-tapped hole to which another separate fastener can be installed for retaining load cushion 404 at mounting extension 408b. Alternately, as shown in FIG. 32, load cushion 400c having base 402c may include a first load cushion retainer 430 comprising a first load cushion 430 extending from base 402c as well as a second load cushion retainer 440 also extending from base 402c. Load cushions 400, 400a, 400b, and 400c preferably have a continuously increasing spring rate as an applied load increases and a continuously decreasing spring rate as an applied load decreases. Thus, the example vehicle suspensions, described herein, that use any of load cushions 400, 400a, 400b, and 400c can advantageously have a continuously increasing spring rate as an applied load increases and a continuously decreasing spring rate as an applied load decreases. Load cushions 400, 400a, 400b, and 400c act in compression and do not undergo tensile loading, so load cushions 400, 400a, 400b, and 400c also have increased fatigue life over other springs (for example, elastomer springs) that are subjected to such loading.
In accordance with example embodiments, each load cushion 400, 400a, 400b, and 400c is an elastomeric progressive spring rate load cushion shaped to resemble a pyramid. In one respect, the base and load cushion portion of load cushions 400, 400a, 400b, and 400c are made of elastomer and do not include any plates or any bonding agents for bonding plates to elastomer. In another respect, the base of load cushions 400, 400a, 400b, and 400c may include a plate (which can be referred to as a base plate) made of any of a variety of suitable materials, including, but not limited to, iron, steel, aluminum, plastic, and a composite material. As an example, the base plate can comprise a plate having a thickness between a range of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 0.25 inches (6.35 mm). The base plate can be encapsulated in elastomer and/or bonded to the load cushion portion using a bonding agent. The base plate dimensions and shape can be varied to any dimension or shape desired for packaging, weight, and aesthetics. Preferably, each load cushion base is dimensioned to (i) match the top surface of a spring mount described herein, such as spring mount 66 or 66a, (ii) locate mounting holes and/or load cushion retainer for securing the load cushion base to the spring mount, and (iii) minimize overall mass.
FIGS. 21a and 21b are top views of inboard saddle 130 and outboard saddle 120. FIG. 21a shows inboard saddle 130 and outboard saddle 120 before a first connecting rod 146 and a second connecting rod 146a are used to draw inboard saddle 130 and outboard saddle 120 together. FIG. 21a shows connecting rod 146 extending through the inboard saddle and the outboard saddle with end 212 and nut 214 that will be tightened against the inboard saddle and outboard saddle to draw them together into contact. Similarly FIG. 21a shows connecting rod 146a extending through inboard saddle 130 and outboard saddle 120 with end 212a and nut 214a that will be tightened against the inboard saddle and the outboard saddle to draw them together into contact. Preferably, the ends 212 and 212a of connecting rods 146 and 146a are located within the outboard saddle such that the opposing ends of those connecting rods will not be in positions in which the opposing ends can make contact with tires or wheels that attach to axles connected to vehicle suspension 50.
FIGS. 21a and 21b illustrate shear spring 72 adjacent to first ends 150 and 152, and shear spring 74a adjacent to second ends 160 and 162. Shear spring 72 has V-shaped wall 310a adapted to contact the V-shaped side wall 190 of spring mount 66 (see FIGS. 6 and 7), wherein the shear spring 72 is positioned between side wall 80 of the opening of the first spring module and the V-shaped side wall 190. Prior to shear spring 72 being placed under a compression load by side wall 80 and V-shaped wall 190, the distance between V-shaped plate 310 of shear spring 72 and intermediate plate 312 of shear spring 72 is denoted by the letter “A,” and the distance between intermediate plate 312 of shear spring 72 and base plate 302 of shear spring 72 is denoted by the letter “B.”
Similarly, FIGS. 21a and 21b illustrate shear spring 74a adjacent to second ends 160 and 162. Shear spring 74a has a V-shaped wall 310a adapted to contact the V-shaped side wall 190a of spring mount 66a (see FIGS. 6 and 7), wherein the shear spring 74a is positioned between side wall 82a of the opening of the second spring module and the V-shaped side wall 190a. Prior to shear spring 74a being placed under a compression load by side wall 82a and V-shaped wall 190a, the distance between V-shaped plate 310 of shear spring 74a and intermediate plate 312 of shear spring 74a is denoted by the letter “C,” and the distance between intermediate plate 312 of shear spring 74a and base plate 302 of shear spring 74a is denoted by the letter “D.”
FIG. 21b shows inboard saddle 130 and outboard saddle 120 after nuts 214 and 214a have been tightened onto connecting rods 146 and 146a to draw inboard saddle 130 and outboard saddle 120 into contact with each other. While tightening nuts 214 and 214a onto connecting rods 210 and 210a together they also serve to cause (i) shear spring 72 to be compressed between V-shaped side wall 190 and side wall 80 of the opening of the first spring module 70, and (ii) shear spring 74a to be compressed between V-shaped side wall 190a and side wall 82a of the opening of the second spring module 70a. The tapered surfaces of the V-shaped side wall 190 contact and compress shear spring 72 by a wedging action in which the elastomeric sections 306 and 308 of shear spring 72 are compressed. Similarly, the tapered surfaces of the V-shaped side wall 190a contact and compress shear spring 74a by a wedging action in which the elastomeric sections 306 and 308 of shear spring 74a are compressed. As shown and described herein, the V-shaped surface of the shear spring 72 contacts a corresponding V-shaped side wall 190 during compression, wherein the surfaces are preferably shown to be linear and in contact along nearly the entire surface of the shear spring. It will be noted that it is not necessary, although desirable, that the entire V-shaped surface of the shear spring 72 is in contact with the V-shaped wall 190 during compression. Moreover, it is possible that one or both of the contacting surfaces could be curvilinear provided that the surfaces provide a wedging action that serves to compress the shear spring 72. For example, the surfaces of the V-shaped wall 190 and the shear spring 72 do not necessarily need to be linear as shown in the above Figures, although linear surfaces are preferred.
As shown in FIG. 21b, the elastomeric sections 306 and 308 of shear spring 72 are compressed such that the distance between V-shaped plate 310 and intermediate plate 312 (denoted as A′) is less than distance A shown in FIG. 21a, and the distance between intermediate plate 312 and base plate 302 (denoted as B′) is less than distance B shown in FIG. 21a. Similarly, the elastomeric sections 306 and 308 of shear spring 74a are compressed such that the distance between V-shaped plate 310 and intermediate plate 312 (denoted as C′) is less than distance C shown in FIG. 21a, and the distance between intermediate plate 312 and base plate 302 (denoted as D′) is less than distance D shown in FIG. 21a. Thus, with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, vehicle suspension 50 may be assembled by using a method including the steps of (i) providing a frame attachment portion 58 adapted for connection to a vehicle frame rail having a spring module 70 attached to the frame attachment portion 58 wherein the spring module 70 has an opening 64 defined by a top wall 84, a bottom wall 86, and first and second side walls 80, 82 of the spring module, (ii) positioning a first part 66b of a first spring mount 66 within the opening 64, (iii) positioning a first shear spring 72 between a first tapered surface of the first spring mount 66 and a first side wall 80 of the opening 64 of the first spring module 70, (iv) positioning a second shear spring 74a between a second tapered surface of the first spring mount 66 and second side wall 82 of the opening 64 of the first spring module 70, (v) positioning a second part of the first spring mount 66 within the opening 64, (vi) placing a first threaded connecting rod 164 through a through-hole in at least one of the first part of the first spring mount 66 or the second part of the first spring mount 66, and (vii) tightening the first threaded connecting rod 164 to draw together the first part of the first spring mount 66 and the second part of the first spring mount 66, and to compress the first shear spring 72 between the first side wall 190 of the first spring mount 66 and the first side wall 80 of the opening 64 of the first spring module 70, and also to compress the second shear spring 74a between the second side wall 190b of the first spring mount 66 and the second side wall 82 of the opening 64 of the first spring module 70.
In addition, the disclosed vehicle suspension construction also provides significant advantages for servicing and disassembling the vehicle suspensions. For example, if a shear spring needs to be replaced, the serviceman can gradually decompress the shear spring (e.g., reduce the compressive forces acting on the shear springs) within the vehicle suspension by loosening the nuts or connecting rods that were used do draw spring mount portions together to form a spring mount, in a staged and staggered method. The following examples of staged and staggered shear spring decompression methods are applicable to vehicle suspension 50 using two connecting rods 146 and 146a. First example of staged and staggered method to decompress shear springs:
Step A2—Turn connecting rod 146a or nut 214a X number of degrees in a direction that causes nut 214a to move away from end 212a. Step A3—Repeat steps A1 and A2 until the shear springs retained by saddle assembly 90 are decompressed.
Step B2—Turn connecting rod 146a or nut 214a (X times 2) number of degrees in a direction that causes nut 214a to move away from end 212a. Step B3—Turn connecting rod 146 or nut 214 (X times 2) number of degrees in a direction that causes nut 214 to move away from end 212.
Staged and staggered methods may also be used to place shear spring in compression. The following examples of staged and staggered shear spring compression methods are applicable to vehicle suspension 50 using two connecting rods 146 and 146a. First example of staged and staggered method to compress shear springs:
Step C2—Turn connecting rod 146a or nut 214a X number of degrees in a direction that causes nut 214a to move towards end 212a. Step C3—Repeat steps C1 and C2 until the shear springs retained by saddle assembly 90 are compressed as desired.
Step D2—Turn connecting rod 146a or nut 214a (X times 2) number of degrees in a direction that causes nut 214a to move towards end 212a. Step D3—Turn connecting rod 146 or nut 214 (X times 2) number of degrees in a direction that causes nut 214 to move towards end 212.
In the example embodiments described herein, threaded connecting rods 146 and 146a may be arranged in any one of a variety of configuration. Preferably, the connecting rods are M-20×1.5, class 10.9, bolts with sufficient threads to allow for each bolt to pass through both the inboard and outboard saddles and to engage corresponding nuts when the shear springs to be compressed via tightening of the bolts are in an uncompressed state. A shank of each bolt may, for example, be threaded from the bolt head to the shank end opposite the bolt head. Alternatively, each connecting rod could, for example, comprise a different type of bolt, or a screw, or some other suitable fastener. For instance, each connecting rod could be a rod with two threaded ends or a rod threaded from end to end. In this regard, inboard and outboard parts of the saddle could be drawn together to compress a set of shear springs by installing the threaded connecting rod into a hole tapped into one of the inboard and outboard parts of the saddle and using a nut on the opposite end of the connecting rod, or by using a respective nut threaded onto opposite ends of the threaded connecting rod. Also, each connecting rod could itself be round, square, or of some other geometric shape.
FIG. 22 is a view of the outboard side of vehicle suspension 50 having a line 23-23 extending through shear spring 74a, first side wall 80a of the second opening 64a, and V-shaped side wall 190a of spring mount 66a. FIG. 23 is a cross sectional top view of vehicle suspension 50 along line 23-23 shown in FIG. 22. In particular, shear spring 74a is shown in compression between side wall 80a and V-shaped side wall 190a of the second spring mount 66a. The V-shaped wall 310a of shear spring 74a is in contact with V-shaped side wall 190a and shear spring 74a is wedged against side wall 80a. Base plate 302 of shear spring 74 abuts side wall 80a. Frictional forces acting on shear spring 74a, side wall 80a, and V-shaped side wall 190a provide a primary means to prevent lateral movement of shear spring 74a. Base plate 302 includes flange 304 that extends from an end of base plate 302 in a direction away from the V-shaped plate 310. Similarly flange 305 extends from another end of base plate 302 in a direction away from V-shaped plate 310. In this manner, flanges 304 and 305 and side wall 80a can secondarily restrict lateral movement of the shear spring 74. For example, side wall 112c can restrict lateral movement of shear spring 74 when flange 304 is in contact with side wall 112c, and side wall 110c can restrict lateral movement of shear spring 74 in an opposite direction when flange 305 is in contact with side wall 110c. FIG. 24 is a bottom view of vehicle suspension 50 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, where the flanges 304 and 305 of the shear springs are shown extending beyond the spring modules that comprise those shear springs. In particular, flanges 304 and 305 of shear spring 74a are shown as extending beyond side edges 110c and 112c of side wall 82a, and flanges 304 and 305 of shear spring 72 are shown as extending beyond side edges 110 and 112 of side wall 80.
FIGS. 25a and 25b are elevational views of vehicle suspension 50 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
FIG. 26 illustrates an alternate embodiment showing vehicle suspension 450 having a frame attachment portion 458 attached to spring module 470, and having a single opening 464 defined by top wall 470a, side walls 470b and 470c, and bottom wall 470d. Shown positioned within opening 464 are first shear spring 72, second shear spring 74, and load cushion 76 which are the same as the shear springs and load cushion described in FIGS. 1-25 above. Also shown is spring mount 466 which includes separate inboard and outboard spring mount portions. A connecting rod 465 is used to draw the inboard and outboard spring mount portions of spring mount 466 together and to compress shear springs 72 and 74 between spring mount 466 and side walls 470c and 470b, respectively, of spring module 470. Drawing the inboard and outboard spring mount portions form V-shaped walls that abut the V-shaped walls of shear springs 72 and 74.
Spring module 453 includes a pair of shear springs 300 (as described above) that are retained in compression between opposing side walls of spring module 453 and a spring mount 459. Spring module 453 further includes a load cushion 454 that may be configured like any of load cushions 400, 400a, and 400b shown in one or more of FIGS. 14-20. Spring mount 459 may be configured like spring mount 766, described below with respect to FIG. 29, in that spring mount 459 may include a mounting bracket similar to mounting bracket 770 of spring mount 766. A threaded connecting rod 146e and nut 457 may be used to attach saddle 480 to the mounting bracket of spring mount 459.
Similarly, spring module 455 includes a pair of shear springs 300 (as described above) that are retained in compression between opposing side walls of spring module 455 and a spring mount 460. Spring module 455 further includes a load cushion 456 that may be configured like any of load cushions 400, 400a, and 400b shown in one or more of FIGS. 14-20. Spring mount 460 may be configured like spring mount 766, described below with respect to FIG. 29, in that spring mount 460 may include a mounting bracket similar to the mounting bracket 770 of spring mount 766. A threaded connecting rod 146f and nut 458 may be used to attach saddle 480 to the mounting bracket of spring mount 460.
FIG. 28 illustrates an alternate vehicle suspension 550 having frame rail attachment portion 558 attached to first spring module 70 and second spring module 70a having shear springs, spring mounts and load cushions constructed in the same manner as described above with respect to FIGS. 1-25. Vehicle suspension 550 further includes a third spring module 570 adjacent to the second spring module 70a, wherein the shear springs, load cushion, and spring mount with spring module 570 are also constructed in the same manner as described above with respect to FIGS. 1-25.
FIG. 30 illustrates vehicle suspension 850. Vehicle suspension 850 comprises a saddle assembly similar to the saddle assembly 90 of vehicle suspension 50, shear springs similar to the shear spring 300 described above, and load cushions similar to any of the load cushions 400, 400a, and 400b described above. Vehicle suspension 850 has some notable differences when compared to vehicle suspension 50. Those differences include: (i) frame rail attachment portions 858 and 858a have geometries that differ from the geometries of frame rail attachment portions 58 and 58a, (ii) the set of gussets including gussets 854a, 854b, 854c, 854d, 854e, 854f, 854g, and 854h have geometries that differ from the geometries of set of gussets including gussets 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e, and 62f, and (iii) vehicle suspension 850 includes frame hanger attachment portion strengtheners, such as strengtheners 856a and 856b, on an inboard side of its frame rail attachment portions.
Furthermore, a filler plate 883 is attached between adjacent spring modules 70b and 70c of vehicle suspension 850, and a filler plate 884 is attached between spring modules 70d and 70e of vehicle suspension 850. Each side wall of a lower U-plate that is adjacent to filler plates 883 or 884 and that forms a part of an openings of spring modules 70b, 70c, 70d, or 70e may include 2 weld-slots through which weld beads for welding that side wall to the adjacent filler plate. Each of those weld-slots may have the size and shape of weld-slot 81 described above.
Frame hanger attachment portion strengtheners are typically used in embodiments in which the distances between the tops of the spring module (e.g., tops 855, 855a) and the top edge of the frame attachment portions (e.g., edges 857), and the distance between spring module tops 855c, 855d and the top edge 857a, exceed a given threshold distance.
In FIG. 30, the top edges 857 and 857a are straight, and walking beam ends 859 and 859a are identified. In accordance with a first embodiment in which vehicle suspension 850 is installed in a vehicle, walking beam end 859 is closer to a front end of the vehicle than walking beam end 859a. In accordance with a second embodiment in which vehicle suspension 850 is installed in a vehicle, walking beam end 859a is closer to the front end of the vehicle than walking beam end 859.
FIG. 31 illustrates vehicle suspension 860, which is the same as vehicle suspension 850 shown in FIG. 30, except that frame rail attachment portions 868 and 868a have geometries that differ from the geometries of frame rail attachment portions 858 and 858a. Those geometries may differ, at least in part, because the geometries have different patterns and/or quantities of frame rail attachment holes between the frame hanger attachment portion strengtheners and the top edges of the frame hanger attachment portions.
In FIG. 31, the top edges 867 and 867a are straight, and walking beam ends 859 and 859a are identified. In accordance with a first embodiment in which vehicle suspension 860 is part of a vehicle, walking beam end 859 is closer to a front end of the vehicle than walking beam end 859a. In accordance with a second embodiment in which vehicle suspension 860 is part of a vehicle, walking beam end 859a is closer to the front end of the vehicle than walking beam end 859.
FIG. 33 is a perspective outboard view of vehicle suspension 50′ which is a slightly modified version of the vehicle suspension 50 shown in FIGS. 1-3. In FIGS. 33-36, the same numerals will be used to identify the same or similar components of the vehicle suspension 50 in FIG. 1, and different numerals or prime numbers will be used to denote differences between the vehicle suspension 50 shown in FIGS. 1-3 and the vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIGS. 33-36.
The vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIGS. 33-36 may be used as a substitute for the vehicle suspension 50 or vehicle suspension 50a shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, the vehicle suspension 50′ has a frame attachment 58 that is adapted for attachment to a vehicle frame or frame rail. Vehicle suspension 50′ is could be attached to walking beam 78 positioned beneath the vehicle suspension 50 in FIG. 1. In addition, vehicle suspension 50′ could also be substituted for vehicle suspension 50a as it is adapted for attachment to a vehicle frame or frame rail on a side of the vehicle opposite the side to which vehicle suspension 50 is attachable to a vehicle frame or frame rail, with the term vehicle including a motorized vehicle or trailer.
Vehicle suspension 50′ includes frame rail attachment holes 60 of frame attachment portion 58 that are adapted for attaching frame attachment portion 58 to a vehicle frame or frame rail (not shown) using, for example, connecting rods, such as mounting bolts. Vehicle suspension 50′ includes gussets 62a-f extending perpendicularly from the frame rail attachment portion 58 to provide additional support and rigidity to vehicle suspension 50′.
A spring module 70 is attached to frame rail attachment portion 58. Spring module 70 includes an opening 64. Positioned within opening 64 are (i) at least a part of a spring mount 66′, (ii) at least a part of a first shear spring 72′ positioned between a first side wall of the spring mount 66′ and a side wall 80 of spring module 70, (iii) at least a part of a second shear spring 74′ positioned between a second side wall of the spring mount 66′ and a second side wall 82 of spring module 70, and (iv) at least a part of a load cushion 76 positioned on top of spring mount 66′ and beneath the top wall 84 of spring module 70.
Similarly, but adjacent to spring module 70, a spring module 70a is attached to frame rail attachment portion 58. Spring module 70a includes an opening 64a. Positioned within opening 64a are (i) at least a part of a spring mount 66a′, (ii) at least a part of a shear spring 72a′ positioned between a first side wall of the spring mount 66a′ and a side wall 80a of spring module 70a, (iii) at least a part of a shear spring 74a′ positioned between a second side wall of the spring mount 66a′ and a side wall 82a of spring module 70a, and (iv) at least a part of a load cushion 76a positioned on top of spring mount 66a′ and beneath the top wall 84a of spring module 70a. Vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIG. 33 further includes a through-hole 910 and a through-hole 910a that extend through both the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ of saddle assembly 90′. The upper portions of the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ are connected together and form spring mounts 66′ and 66a′. The outboard saddle 120′ and the inboard saddle 130′ may be drawn together in the same manner described above in the description of FIGS. 21a and 21b using threaded rods 146 and 146a shown in FIG. 6. The threaded rods may be a bolt, screw, or other suitable fastener and may be used to connect the saddles together. Alternately, the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ may be drawn together using a press, such as a pneumatic or hydraulic press, or weighted device.
Once the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ are drawn together and connected by threaded rods 146 and 146a, then connecting rods 922 and 924 which are positioned on the sides of through hole 910 are used to hold the inboard and outboard portions of spring mount 66′ together, and connecting rods 922a and 924a which are positioned on the sides of through hole 910a are used to hold the inboard and outboard portions of spring mount 66a′ together. Connecting rods 922, 924, and 922a and 924a are shown in FIG. 33-36 as threaded bolts that extend all the way through the outboard saddle 120′ and the inboard saddle 130′. Nuts are used on the inboard side of the saddle assembly 90′; however, the nuts could also be used on the outboard side of the saddle assembly 90′. In addition, connecting rods 922, 924, and 922a and 924a could also extend through either outboard saddle 120′ or inboard saddle 130′ and thread into a tapped hole in the other saddle, and therefore do not need to extend through both outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′.
Furthermore, the connecting rods 922, 924, and 922a and 924a are shown as threaded in FIGS. 33-36, but are not required to be. For example, the connecting rods 922, 924, and 922a and 924a could comprise a non-threaded rod held in place by a cotter pin in a manner similar to rod 63 that holds load cushion 76 in position on spring mount 66′ with cotter pin 65 or rod 63a that holds load cushion 76a in position on spring mount 66a′ with cotter pin 65a. Moreover, connecting rods are not required to have round cross-section, but the connecting rods could also have an oval, square, rectangular, polygonal, or other geometric cross-section. In a preferred embodiment the connecting rods may comprise an M20 fine pitch fastener 10.9 class or grade.
As shown in FIGS. 33-36, after connecting rods 922, 924, and 922a and 924a have connected the outboard saddle 120′ and 130′ together, the threaded rods 146 and 146a used to drawn the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ together may be removed. Alternatively, the threaded rods 146 and 146a may remain in place. In addition, while two connecting rods are used in connection with a spring mount, it is possible to include only one connecting rod or additional connecting rods as desired, provided that they provide sufficient strength to hold outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ together during operation.
An additional difference between vehicle suspension 50′ and vehicle suspension 50 is that vehicle suspension 50′ includes gusset spacer 67 positioned between gussets 62c and 62d that provides additional strength and rigidity to the vehicle suspension 50′. However, gusset spacer 67 could also be used on vehicle suspension 50 if desired.
FIG. 34 shows an outboard view of vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIG. 33. Spring module 70 is shown attached to frame rail attachment portion 58. Spring module 70 includes an opening 64. Positioned within at least a portion of opening 64 are (i) a spring mount 66′, (ii) a shear spring 72′ positioned between a first side wall of spring mount 66′ and a first side wall 80 of opening 64, (iii) a shear spring 74′ positioned between a second side wall of spring mount 66′ and a side wall of 82 of opening 64, and (iv) a load cushion 76 positioned on top of spring mount 66′ and beneath a top wall 84 of opening 64.
A second spring module 70a is positioned adjacent spring module 70 and is also attached to frame rail attachment portion 58. Spring module 70a includes an opening 64a. Positioned within at least a portion of opening 64a are (i) a spring mount 66a′, (ii) a third shear spring 72a′ positioned between a first side wall of spring mount 66a′ and a side wall 80a of opening 64a, (iii) a fourth shear spring 74a′ positioned between a second side wall of the spring mount 66a′ and a second side wall 82a of opening 64a, and (iv) a load cushion 76a positioned on top of spring mount 66a′ and beneath a top wall 84a of opening 64a. Connecting rods 922 and 924 are shown positioned on the sides of through hole 910 and are used to hold the inboard and outboard portions of spring mount 66′ together, and connecting rods 922a and 924a are shown positioned on the sides of through hole 910a and are used to hold the inboard and outboard portions of spring mount 66a′ together.
FIG. 35 is a perspective inboard view of vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIGS. 33 and 34. Vehicle suspension 50′ includes frame rail attachment holes 60 of frame attachment portion 58 that are adapted for attaching frame attachment portion 58 to a vehicle frame or frame rail (not shown) using, for example, connecting rods, such as mounting bolts. Vehicle suspension 50′ includes gussets 62a-f extending perpendicularly from the frame rail attachment portion 58 to provide additional support and rigidity to vehicle suspension 50′.
A spring module 70 is attached to frame rail attachment portion 58. Spring module 70 includes an opening 64. Positioned within opening 64 are (i) at least a part of a spring mount 66′, (ii) at least a part of a first shear spring 72′ positioned between a first side wall of the spring mount 66′ and a side wall 80 of spring module 70, (iii) at least a part of a second shear spring 74′ positioned between a second side wall of the spring mount 66′ and a second side wall of spring module 70, and (iv) at least a part of a load cushion 76 positioned on top of spring mount 66′ and beneath the top wall 84 of spring module 70.
Similarly, but adjacent to spring module 70, a spring module 70a is attached to frame rail attachment portion 58. Spring module 70a includes an opening 64a. Positioned within opening 64a are (i) at least a part of a spring mount 66a′, (ii) at least a part of a shear spring 72a′ positioned between a first side wall of the spring mount 66a′ and a side wall 80a of spring module 70a, (iii) at least a part of a shear spring 74a′ positioned between a second side wall of the spring mount 66a′ and a side wall 82a of spring module 70a, and (iv) at least a part of a load cushion 76a positioned on top of spring mount 66a′ and beneath the top wall 84a of spring module 70a. Vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIG. 35 further includes a through-hole 910 and a through-hole 910a that extend through both the outboard saddle 120′ (shown in FIG. 33) and inboard saddle 130′ of saddle assembly 90′. The upper portions of the outboard saddle 120′ (shown in FIG. 33) and inboard saddle 130′ are connected together. The outboard saddle 120′ and the inboard saddle 130′ may be drawn together in the same manner described above in the description of FIGS. 21a and 21b using threaded rods 146 and 146a shown in FIG. 6. The threaded rod may be a bolt, screw, or other suitable fastener and may be used to connect the saddles together.
Once the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ are drawn together and connected by threaded rods 146 and 146a, then connecting rods 922 and 924 which are positioned on the sides of through hole 910 are used to hold the inboard and outboard portions of spring mount 66′ together, and connecting rods 922a and 924a which are positioned on the sides of through hole 910a are used to hold the inboard and outboard portions of spring mount 66a′ together. Connecting rods 922, 924, and 922a and 924a are shown in FIG. 33-36 as threaded bolts that extend all the way through the outboard saddle 120′ and the inboard saddle 130′. Nuts 923 and 925, and 923a and 925a are shown used on the inboard side of the saddle assembly 90′; however, the nuts could also be used on the outboard side of the saddle assembly 90′. In addition, connecting rods 922, 924, and 922a and 924a could also extend through either outboard saddle 120′ or inboard saddle 130′ and thread into a tapped hole in the other saddle, and therefore do not need to extend through both outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′.
FIG. 36 shows an inboard view of vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIGS. 33-35. Spring module 70 is shown attached to frame rail attachment portion 58. Spring module 70 includes an opening 64. Positioned within at least a portion of opening 64 are (i) a spring mount 66′, (ii) a shear spring 72′ positioned between a first side wall of spring mount 66′ and a first side wall 80 of opening 64, (iii) a shear spring 74′ positioned between a second side wall of spring mount 66′ and a side wall of 82 of opening 64, and (iv) a load cushion 76 positioned on top of spring mount 66′ and beneath a top wall 84 of opening 64.
FIGS. 37 and 38 are perspective views of a saddle assembly 90′ that is shown in FIGS. 33-36 and that comprises an outboard saddle 120′ and an inboard saddle 130′. FIGS. 39 and 39A are perspective views of inboard saddle 130′. In accordance with the embodiments described herein, inboard saddle 130′ may be identical to outboard saddle 120′. Alternatively, inboard saddle 130′ may be identical to outboard saddle 120′ except that the mounting holes 910 and 910a through which threaded rods 146 and 146a are installed in one of those saddles may be tapped holes and the mounting holes in the other saddle may be untapped holes. Similarly, holes for connecting rods 922 and 924, or 922a or 924a may also extend all the way through, or may comprise tapped holes.
Saddles 120′, 130′ each include upper and bottom portions. Each upper portion of saddles 120′, 130′ includes two spring mount portions. Each of the two spring mount portions of saddle 120′ interface to corresponding spring mount portions of saddle 130′ to form respective spring mounts 66′ and 66a′. The bottom portion of outboard saddle 120′ includes a bottom mount section 136′, and the bottom portion of inboard saddle 130 includes a bottom mount section 134′. Those bottom mount sections may be conical, spherical, or wedge shaped, and may form a mechanical joint when attached to a walking beam as is known in the art. Furthermore, the bottom portions of outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ may be similar to the bottom portions of saddles disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,926,836.
As shown in one or more of FIGS. 37, 38, 39, and 39A, the upper portion of outboard saddle 120′ is identified as upper portion 140′, and the upper portion of inboard saddle 130′ is identified as upper portion 142′. As shown in FIG. 39 and/or FIG. 39A, upper portion 142′ includes a spring mount portion 143′ and a spring mount portion 145′. Spring mount portion 143′ includes spring mount side portions 143a′ and 143b′ and spring mount portion interface 143f. Similarly, spring mount portion 145′ includes spring mount side portions 145a′ and 145b′ and spring mount portion interface 145f. Each spring mount side portion of upper portions 140′ and 142′ includes a pair of flanges and a tapered surface.
As shown in FIG. 39, spring mount side portion 143a′ includes flanges 143c′ and 143d′ and tapered surface 191a′, and spring mount side portion 145b′ includes flanges 145c′ and 145d′ and tapered surface 191b′. As shown in FIG. 39A, spring mount side portion 143b′ includes flanges 143e′ and 143g′ and tapered surface 191c′, and spring mount side portion 145a′ includes flanges 145e′ and 145g′ and tapered surface 191′.
Upper portions 140′, 142′ of saddles 120′, 130′ include a number of significant advantages over the saddles and saddle assemblies shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,926,836. As one example, the upper portions 140′, 142′ of saddles 120′, 130′ may be drawn together (e.g., drawn in contact with each other) by threaded rods 146 and 146a (shown in FIGS. 21a and 21b). Of course, a press such as a pneumatic or hydraulic press could be used to draw the upper portions 140′ and 142′ together. In that way, spring mount portion interface 143f is drawn into contact with a corresponding spring mount portion interface on upper portion 140′ and spring mount portion interface 145f is drawn into contact with another corresponding spring mount portion interface on upper portion 140′.
In accordance with this design, the upper portions 140′, 142′ may serve as spring mounts. In particular, the upper portions 140′, 142′ include first ends 150′, 152′ thereof that together form first load cushion mounting surface 155′ on first spring mount 66′ that is adapted to have a first load cushion mounted thereon. Similarly, upper portions 140′, 142′ also include second ends 160′, 162′ thereof that together form second load cushion mounting surface 165′ on second spring mount 66a′ that is adapted to have a second load cushion mounted thereon. Of course, while two load cushion mounting surfaces are shown, only one, or perhaps three or more load cushion mounting surfaces could be provided on the upper portions 140′, 142′ in a manner similar to FIG. 28. Thus, spring mounts 66′ and 66a′ are integrally attached to the saddle, unlike the saddle shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,926,836. Indeed, spring mounts 66′ and 66a′ are preferably integrally formed with the saddles 120′ and 130′, as shown in FIG. 33. With this design, the need for separate spring mounts is eliminated. Of course, spring mounts integral with the saddle are not required and spring mounts that are separate from the saddle may be used for particular applications, as shown for example in FIG. 27.
As mentioned above, the upper portions 140′, 142′ of the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard 130′ are connected together. As discussed in greater detail below, a connecting rod may be a bolt, screw, threaded or unthreaded, or other suitable fastener and may be used to connect the saddles together. As illustrated in FIGS. 37 and 38, connecting rods 922 and 924, and connecting rods 922a, and 924a show where the connection of the saddles may be accomplished. Although two connecting rods 922 and 924 are shown for spring mount 66′, it is possible to use only a single connecting rod, or additional connecting rods as desired.
FIG. 38 further illustrates the threaded shank portions of connecting rods 922 and 924, and 922a and 924a, with nuts 923 and 925, and nuts 923a and 925a attached to connect the saddles together. As noted above, the connecting rods do not need to be threaded, but could instead be a threadless rod held in place with a cotter pin or other suitable holding device.
Depending on the application, the disclosed vehicle suspension 50′ may not utilize load cushions on the top surface of the spring mounts, and thus the load cushion mounting surfaces 155′ and 165′ may not be necessary. However, even in the absence of load cushion mounting surfaces, with the design of the saddle assembly 90′ shown in FIGS. 38 and 39, the upper portions 140′, 142′ may still serve as a spring mount. In particular, the upper portions 140′, 142′ include first ends 150′, 152′ thereof that together form a first V-shaped side wall 190′ of spring mount 66′, that is adapted to contact and compress a first shear spring having a corresponding V-shaped surface (not shown, but see below).
Similarly, upper portions 140′, 142′ also include second ends 160′, 162′ thereof that together form a second V-shaped side wall 190a′ of the spring mount 66a′, that is adapted to contact and compress a second shear spring having a corresponding V-shaped top surface (also not shown, but see below). While V-shaped side walls 190′ and 190a′ are disclosed, the saddles could be designed such that only ends 150′ and 152′ or ends 160′ and 162′ include a V-shaped side wall. Again, with the design shown in FIG. 33, the need for a separate spring mount to contact a shear spring is eliminated.
As described above, there are two openings (64 and 64a) in vehicle suspension 50′. The saddle assembly 90′ also includes a third V-shaped wall 190b′ positioned between side walls 190′ and 190a′, as well as a fourth V-shaped wall 190c′ opposite from V-shaped wall 190b′ and between side walls 190′ and 190a′. V-shaped walls 190b′ and 190c′, along with side walls 82 and 80a, respectively (of spring modules 70 and 70a shown in FIGS. 33-36) are also adapted to contact and compress additional shear springs having corresponding V-shaped surfaces (not shown, but see below).
FIG. 39 and/or FIG. 39A further illustrates surface 155a′ which provides one half of load cushion mounting surface 155′ shown in FIGS. 37 and 38, and surface 165a′ which provides one half of load cushion mounting surface 165′ shown in FIGS. 37 and 38. Thus, surface 155a′ is part of an inboard part 66b′ of first spring mount 66′ shown in FIGS. 37 and 38, and surface 165a′ is part of inboard part 66c′ of second spring mount 66a′ shown in FIGS. 37 and 38.
FIG. 39 also illustrates tapered surface 191a′ that forms one half of V-shaped wall 190a′ at end 162′ of saddle assembly 90′, and tapered surface 191b′ that forms one half of V-shaped wall 190b′ shown in FIGS. 37 and 38. Further, through-hole through-holes 922b and 924b are shown positioned about through-hole 910 that allow connecting rods 922 and 924 to pass through, and through-holes 922d and 924d are shown positioned about through-hole 910a that allow connecting rods 922a and 924a to pass through.
FIG. 39A also illustrates tapered surface 191′ that forms one half of V-shaped wall 190′ at end 152′ of saddle assembly 90′, and tapered surface 191c′ that forms one half of V-shaped wall 190c′ shown in FIGS. 37 and 38.
FIG. 40 is a perspective view of shear spring 300′, which is sometimes referred to as a V-spring. The shear springs 72′, 72a′, 74′, and 74a′ shown in FIGS. 33-36 may be arranged as shear spring 300′ shown in FIGS. 40-42. Shear spring 300′ is similar to shear spring 300 shown in FIGS. 9-13 as it includes a base plate 302 and a V-shaped plate 310. However, shear spring 300′ includes first intermediate plate 315 and second intermediate plate 317, which are shown as flat plates in FIGS. 40-42. However, it is also possible to include only a first intermediate plate that is flat, two intermediate plates that are V-shaped, or one V-shaped intermediate plate and one flat intermediate plate.
In shear spring 300′, V-shaped plate 310 results in shear spring 300′ having a V-shaped wall 310a that is adapted to contact a corresponding V-shaped side wall of a spring mount, although the surface of V-shaped wall 310a could be V-shaped even in the absence of V-shaped plate 310. Shear spring 300′ includes an elastomeric section 306 between base plate 302 and first intermediate plate 315, an elastomeric section 308 between first intermediate plate 315 and second intermediate plate 317, and an elastomeric section 318 between second intermediate plate 317 and V-shaped plate 310. Of course, the shear spring could be made without one or more of plates 302, 315, 317, and 312. For example, the shear spring could be all elastomer, have a base plate 302 without intermediate plates 315 and 317; have base plate 302 and plate 310 but no intermediate plates, etc. Furthermore, base plate 302 could also be V-shaped like plate 310, and all plates 302, 315, 317, and 310 could be V-shaped. In such a case, the side wall of the opening contacting base plate 302 could also have a corresponding V-shape.
Moreover, the shear spring 300′ is shown having the geometry of a preferred embodiment. It will be appreciated that the base plate 302 may not even include a plate as noted above. Further, the base or base plate 302 of the shear spring 300′ could also be affixed to the side walls of the opening in the spring module using fasteners, bolts, etc. in a known and conventional manner. Thus, the shear spring is not required to have, but may have, the geometry shown in FIGS. 40-42.
FIG. 41 is a plan view of shear spring 300′ comprising base plate 302, V-shaped plate 310, first intermediate plate 315, and second intermediate plate 317. Base plate 302 includes a first flange 304 extending from a first end thereof away from V-shaped plate 310 and a second flange 305 extending from a second end thereof also away from V-shaped plate 310. Base plate 302 is adapted to contact a first side wall of a spring module opening of a vehicle suspension (for example, side wall 80 of opening 64 in the spring module of vehicle suspension 50′ in FIGS. 33-36). Frictional forces acting on shear spring 300′, a side wall of a spring module opening, and a V-shaped side wall of a spring mount provide a primary means to prevent lateral movement of shear spring 300′. The first flange 304 and the second flange 305 of base plate 302 are designed to extend beyond first and second side edges of a side wall of a spring module opening to secondarily restrict lateral movement of shear spring 300′ with respect to vehicle suspension 50′.
Intermediate plates 315 and 317 provides additional resistance to lateral forces acting on shear spring 300′, such as lateral forces in a direction from V-shaped plate 310 to base plate 302. Intermediate plates 315 and 317 are shown as flat plates parallel to base plate 302. However, intermediate plate 312 could have a larger or smaller angle for the V-shape as desired.
The V-shaped plate 310 may be bent from straight plates. Since V-shaped plate 310 has a V-shape, V-shaped plate 310 has an angle that is less than 180 degrees. FIG. 41 illustrates an included angle 311 formed by V-shaped plate 310. The included angle 311 may be a number of degrees that fall within any of a plurality of angle ranges including, but not limited to, the angle ranges of (i) 90° to 179°, (ii) 90° to 170°, or (iii) 115° to 125°. In accordance with that latter range, the included angle 311 may, for example, be 115°, 116°, 117°, 118°, 119°, 120°, 121°, 122°, 123°, 124°, 125° or some non-whole number angle between any two of those listed angles.
FIG. 42 is aside view of shear spring 300′. Shear spring 300′ has a free-state vertical offset 301′ between its end plates (i.e., base plate 302 and V-shaped plate 310). Preferably, the free-state vertical offset 301 is equal to half the vertical travel of vehicle suspension 50′ shown in FIGS. 33-36. This is done to minimize a couple induced in shear spring 300′ by virtue of the compression load acting on shear spring 300′ applied at both end plates. A couple is a moment induced when equal and opposing forces are acting on a body but are not collinear. The effect of the couple on shear spring 300′ is to induce rotation within the spring that could cause the spring to rotate within a spring module sufficiently enough to relieve the shear spring\'s compression and put the elastomeric sections (e.g., elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318) into tension. Offsetting both endplates of shear spring 300′ by a distance equal to half of the suspension\'s vertical travel results in couples at the fully stroked and rebound conditions being equal but opposite in direction (the magnitude of these couples is half that of a spring with no offset or an offset equal to that of the vertical travel of vehicle suspension 50′).
In accordance with the disclosed embodiments shown in FIGS. 33-42, shear spring 300′ may be constructed of elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318 bonded to plates 302, 315, 317, and 310. Elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318 may comprise an elastomeric material (i.e., an elastomer) such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, styrene butadiene, synthetic polyisoprene, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, polyacrylic rubber, high-density polyethylene, thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic olefin (TPO), urethane, polyurethane, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or some other type of elastomer. In this regard and in particular, elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318 may comprise an elastomer defined as American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) D2000 M4AA 717 A13 B13 C12 F17 K11 Z1 Z2. In this case, Z1 represents natural rubber and Z2 represents a durometer selected to achieve a desired shear rate. The selected durometer may be based on a given predefined scale, such as the Shore A scale, the ASTM D2240 type A scale, or the ASTM D2240 type D scale. In a preferred embodiment, in accordance with the Shore A scale, Z2, for example, is preferably 70±5. In another embodiment, in accordance with the Shore A scale, Z2 is, for example, within the range of 50 to 80. Other examples of Z2 and ranges for Z2 are also possible.
In another respect, elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318 may comprise a viscoelastomeric material that (i) has elastic characteristics when the shear spring 300 is under a load within a given range and when that load is removed, and (ii) has non-elastic characteristics (for example, does not return to an original non-loaded shape) if the applied load exceeds the greatest load of the given range. The given range may extend from no load to a maximum expected load plus a given threshold. The given threshold accounts for possible overloading of shear spring 300. As an example, the viscoelastomeric material may comprise amorphous polymers, semi-crystalline polymers, and biopolymers. Other examples of the viscoelastomeric material are also possible.
In accordance with the example embodiments, elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318 may also comprise one or more fillers. The filler(s) may optimize performance of elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318. The fillers may include, but are not limited to, wax, oil, curing agents, and/or carbon black. Such fillers may optimize performance by improving durability and/or tuning elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318 for a given shear load and/or a given compressive load applied to elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318. Improving durability through the use of fillers may include, for example, minimizing a temperature rise versus loading characteristic of elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318 and/or maximizing shape retention of elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318.
Shear spring 300′ may be formed, for example, by inserting the plates 302, 315, 317, and 310 into a mold (not shown). The plates may each be coated with a coating material. As an example, the coating material may comprise a material comprising zinc and phosphate, modified with calcium. The coating material may have a coating weight of 200-400 milligrams per square foot. Other examples of the coating material are also possible. A bonding agent may be applied to the coated plates for bonding the plates 302, 315, 317, and 310 to elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318. As an example, the bonding agent may comprise Chemlok® manufactured by the Lord Corporation, Cary, N.C., USA. Other examples of the bonding agent are also possible. Applying the coating material and/or applying the bonding agent may occur prior to, during, and/or after insertion of the plates 302, 315, 317, and 310 into the mold. After applying the coating material and the bonding agent, the elastomeric material (while in a pourable form) may be inserted into the mold to form the elastomeric sections 306, 308, and 318.
In a preferred embodiment, any exposed portion of the plates 302, 315, 317, and 310 (for example, a portion of the plates not covered by the elastomeric material) is protected against corrosion by a means other than the elastomeric material. In other embodiments, some exposed portions of the plates 302, 315, 317, and 310, (e.g., the edges of the plates) may not be protected against corrosion, whereas any other exposed portions of the plates are protected against corrosion.
The plates 302, 315, 317, and 310 can be made of any of a variety of suitable materials, including, but not limited to, iron, steel, aluminum, plastic, a composite material, or some other material. The plates 302, 315, 317, and 310 may be fully, or at least substantially, encapsulated in elastomer to further enhance their corrosion resistance and friction at the mating suspension members. As an example, plates 302, 315, 317, and 310 can comprise plates having a thickness between a range of 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to 0.25 inches (6.35 mm).
The vehicle suspension 50′ can be initially drawn together in the same manner as the method of assembly of vehicle suspension 50 described above. Therefore, with reference to FIGS. 33-36, vehicle suspension 50′ may be assembled by using a method including the steps of (i) providing a frame attachment portion 58 adapted for connection to a vehicle frame rail having a spring module 70 attached to the frame attachment portion 58 wherein the spring module 70 has an opening 64 defined by a top wall 84, a bottom wall 86, and first and second side walls 80, 82 of the spring module, (ii) positioning a first part of a first spring mount 66′ within the opening 64, (iii) positioning a first shear spring 72′ between a first tapered surface of the first spring mount 66′ and a first side wall 80 of the opening 64 of the first spring module 70, (iv) positioning a second shear spring 74′ between a second tapered surface of the first spring mount 66′ and second side wall 82 of the opening 64 of the first spring module 70, (v) positioning a second part of the first spring mount 66′ within the opening 64, (vi) placing a first threaded connecting rod 164 (see FIGS. 21a and 21b) through a through-hole in at least one of the first part of the first spring mount 66′ or the second part of the first spring mount 66′, and (vii) tightening the first threaded rod 146 (see FIGS. 21a and 21b) to draw together the first part of the first spring mount 66′ and the second part of the first spring mount 66′, and to compress the first shear spring 72′ between the first side wall of the first spring mount 66′ and the first side wall 80 of the opening 64 of the first spring module 70, and also to compress the second shear spring 74′ between the second side wall of the first spring mount 66′ and the second side wall 82 of the opening 64 of the first spring module 70. The shear springs 72a′ and 74a′ are compressed between spring mount 66a′ and walls 80a and 82a in a similar manner using threaded rod 146a. However, the method of assembly of vehicle suspension 50′ differs from that of vehicle suspension 50 in that the saddle assembly 90′ includes additional through holes for connecting outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ using connecting rods 922 and 924, as well as 922a and 924a. After the threaded rods 146 and 146a are used to draw and connects the outboard saddle together (as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 21a and 21b) and described above, then connecting rods 922 and 924 positioned about through-hole 910 are used to further secure the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ together, and connecting rods 922a and 924a positioned about through-hole 910a are used to further secure the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ together. At this point, the threaded rods 146 and 146a may be, but are not required to be, removed, leaving connecting rods 922 and 924, and 922a and 924a securing outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ together. FIGS. 33-36 shows vehicle suspension 50′ with threaded rods 146 and 146a removed from through-holes 910 and 910a of vehicle suspensions 50′.
The use of two connecting rods 922 and 924 for spring mount 66′, and two connecting rods 922a and 924a for spring mount 66a′ may provide for additional holding strength that is greater than using a single threaded rod 146 or 146a for each spring mount.
One benefit of using connecting rod 922 or 924 after threaded rod 146 has been used to draw the outboard saddle 120′ together with inboard saddle 130′ is that it may be shorter than threaded rod 146, as the length of connecting rod 922 or 924 need only be long enough for attachment of a nut or other securing device after the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ have been drawn together. By contrast, the threaded rod 146 must be long enough to extend through outboard saddle 130′ and inboard saddle 120′ before they are drawn together, resulting in a potentially undesirable protrusion of threaded rod 146 extending from the vehicle suspension.
Moreover having two connecting rods in each spring mount provides a redundancy in the vehicle suspension, in that if one rod were to fail, the other connecting rod would still hold the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ together. Where two springs are used with two connecting rods per spring mount, then there would be four connecting rods holding the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ together. In this case, if one of the connecting rods failed, then there would still be three connecting rods holding the outboard saddle 120′ and inboard saddle 130′ together.
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