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1 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR First edition Systems and software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) Part 5-6-2: Systems engineering Management and engineering guide: Generic profile group: Basic profile Ingénierie des systèmes et du logiciel Profils de cycle de vie pour très petits organismes (TPO) Partie 5-6-2: Ingénierie des systèmes Guide d ingénierie et de gestion: Groupe de profil générique: Profil basique Reference number ISO/IEC TR :2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014
2 ISO/IEC TR :2014(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO s member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel Fax Web Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved
3 ISO/IEC TR :2014(E) Contents Page Foreword...iv Introduction...v 1 Scope Fields of application Target Audience Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols and abbreviated terms Naming, diagramming and definition conventions Abbreviated Terms Systems Thinking Overview Project Management (PM) process PM purpose PM objectives PM input products PM output products PM internal products PM roles involved PM diagram System Definition and Realization (SR) process SR purpose SR objectives SR input products SR output products SR internal products SR roles involved SR diagram Roles Product description System tools requirements System tools requirements overview Project Management process System Definition and Realization process...50 Annex A (informative) Systems Engineering Deployment Packages...51 Annex B (informative) Mapping between the objectives of ISO/IEC TR and ISO/ IEC 15288: Bibliography...58 ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved iii
4 ISO/IEC TR :2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software and systems engineering. The full list of parts of ISO/IEC is available here. iv ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved
5 ISO/IEC TR :2014(E) Introduction Very Small Entities (VSEs) around the world are contributing to valuable products and services. For the purpose of ISO/IEC 29110, a Very Small Entity (VSE) is an enterprise, an organization, a department or a project having up to 25 people. Since many VSEs develop and/or maintain system elements and software components used in systems, or sold to be used by others, a recognition of VSEs as suppliers of high quality products is required. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook report (2005) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) constitute the dominant form of business organization in all countries world-wide, accounting for over 95 % and up to 99 % of the business population depending on country. The challenge facing OECD governments is to provide a business environment that supports the competitiveness of this large heterogeneous business population and that promotes a vibrant entrepreneurial culture. From studies and surveys conducted, it is clear that the majority of International Standards do not address the needs of VSEs. Implementation of and conformance with these standards is difficult, if not impossible. Subsequently VSEs have no, or very limited, ways to be recognized as entities that produce quality systems/system elements including software in their domain. Therefore, VSEs are often cut off from some economic activities. It has been found that VSEs find it difficult to relate International Standards to their business needs and to justify the application of standards to their business practices. Most VSEs can neither afford the resources, in terms of number of employees, expertise, budget and time, nor do they see a net benefit in establishing systems or software lifecycle processes. To rectify some of these difficulties, a set of guides has been developed according to a set of VSE characteristics. The guides are based on subsets of appropriate standards processes, activities, tasks, and outcomes, referred to as Profiles. The purpose of a profile is to define a subset of International Standards relevant to the VSEs context; for example, processes, activities, tasks, and outcomes of ISO/IEC [2] for software; and processes, activities, tasks, and outcomes of ISO/IEC 15288[3] for systems; and information products (documentation) of ISO/IEC/IEEE [4] for software and systems. VSEs can achieve recognition through implementing a profile and by being audited against ISO/IEC specifications. The ISO/IEC series of standards and technical reports can be applied at any phase of system or software development within a lifecycle. This series of standards and technical reports is intended to be used by VSEs that do not have experience or expertise in adapting/tailoring ISO/IEC or ISO/IEC to the needs of a specific project. VSEs that have expertise in adapting/tailoring ISO/IEC or ISO/IEC are encouraged to use those standards instead of ISO/IEC ISO/IEC is intended to be used with any lifecycles such as: waterfall, iterative, incremental, evolutionary or agile. ISO/IEC series, targeted by audience, has been developed to improve system or software and/or service quality, and process performance. See Table 1. ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved v
6 ISO/IEC TR :2014(E) Table 1 ISO/IEC target audience ISO/IEC Title Target audience Part 1 Overview VSEs and their customers, assessors, standards producers, tool vendors and methodology vendors. Part 2 Framework Standards producers, tool vendors and methodology vendors. Not intended for VSEs. Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Certification and Assessment guide VSEs and their customers, assessors, accreditation bodies. Profile specifications Standards producers, tool vendors and methodology vendors. Management and VSEs and their customers. engineering guide If a new profile is needed, ISO/IEC and ISO/IEC TR can be developed without impacting existing documents. ISO/IEC TR [5] defines the terms common to the Set of ISO/IEC Documents. It introduces processes, lifecycle and standardization concepts, the taxonomy (catalogue) of ISO/IEC profiles and the ISO/IEC series. It also introduces the characteristics and requirements of a VSE, and clarifies the rationale for specific profiles, documents, standards and guides. ISO/IEC [6] introduces the concepts for systems and software engineering standardized profiles for VSEs. It establishes the logic behind the definition and application of profiles. It specifies the elements common to all profiles (structure, conformance, assessment) of ISO/IEC profiles. ISO/IEC TR [7] defines the process certification scheme, assessment guidelines and compliance requirements needed to meet the purpose of the defined Profiles. ISO/IEC TR also contains information that can be useful to developers of certification and assessment methods and developers of certification and assessment tools. ISO/IEC TR is addressed to people who have direct relation with the assessment process, e.g. the auditor, certification and accreditation bodies and the sponsor of the audit, who need guidance on ensuring that the requirements for performing an audit have been met. ISO/IEC m provides the specification for all profiles in one profile group that are based on subsets of appropriate standards elements. This part of ISO/IEC provides a management and engineering guide for each Profile in one profile group. Figure 1 describes the ISO/IEC International Standards (IS) and Technical Reports (TR) within the framework of reference. Overview, assessment guide, management and engineering guide are published as Technical Reports (TR). The Framework and taxonomy document, profile specifications and certification schemes are published as International Standards (IS). vi ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved
7 ISO/IEC TR :2014(E) Figure 1 ISO/IEC Series ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved vii
8 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR :2014(E) Systems and software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) Part 5-6-2: Systems engineering Management and engineering guide: Generic profile group: Basic profile 1 Scope 1.1 Fields of application This part of ISO/IEC is applicable to Very Small Entities (VSEs). VSEs are enterprises, organizations, departments or projects having up to 25 people. The lifecycle processes described in the set of International Standards (IS) and Technical Reports (TR) are not intended to preclude or discourage their use by organizations bigger than VSEs. This part of ISO/IEC provides the management and engineering guide to the Basic Profile described in ISO/IEC through Project Management and System Definition and realization processes. This part of ISO/IEC is a standalone guide; it is not intended for a VSE to use the standardized profile to implement this part of ISO/IEC This part of ISO/IEC applies for non-critical systems development projects. The system development should fulfil the project requirements and the system description. Using this part of ISO/IEC 29110, a VSE can obtain benefits in the following aspects: An agreed set of project requirements (technical part of contract) and expected products are agreed by the Acquirer. A disciplined management process, that provides project visibility and corrective actions of project problems and deviations, is performed. A systematic System Definition and Realization process, that satisfies Acquirer needs and ensures quality products, is followed. VSEs developing software that is part of a larger system, and for stand-alone software products and services, are encouraged to use the management and engineering guide of the Basic Profile (ISO/IEC [9] ). 1.2 Target Audience This part of ISO/IEC is targeted at VSEs who do not develop critical systems and do not have experience with SE process planning and implementation using ISO/IEC It is intended to be used with any processes, techniques and methods that enhance the VSE s Stakeholder satisfaction and productivity. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved 1
9 ISO/IEC TR :2014(E) ISO/IEC TR , Software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) Part 1: Overview 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC TR :2011 and the following apply. 3.1 acquirer stakeholder that acquires or procures a product or service from a supplier Note 1 to entry: Other terms commonly used for an acquirer are buyer, customer, owner, or purchaser. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15288:2008] 3.2 critical system those items (e.g. functions, parts, software, characteristics, processes) having significant effect on the product realization and use of the product including safety, performance, form, fit, function, producibility, service life, etc. that require specific actions to ensure they are adequately managed Note 1 to entry: Examples of critical items include safety critical items, fracture critical items, mission critical items, key characteristics, etc. [SOURCE: (AS/EN/JIS Q) 9100:2009] 3.3 disposed system system that has been transformed (i.e. state change) by applying the disposal process Note 1 to entry: A systems approach considers the total system and the total lifecycle of the system. This includes all aspects of the system and the system throughout its life until the day users depose of the system and the external enterprises complete the handling of the disposed system products. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15288:2008, modified] 3.4 operator entity that performs the operations of a system Note 1 to entry: The role of operator and the role of user may be vested, simultaneously or sequentially, in the same individual or organization. Note 2 to entry: An individual operator combined with knowledge, skills and procedures may be considered as an element of the system. Note 3 to entry: In the context of this specific definition, the term entity means an individual or an organization. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15288:2008] 3.5 Systems Engineering Plan SEP top level plan for managing the SE effort which, as such, defines how the project will be organized, structured, and conducted and how the total engineering process will be controlled to provide a product that satisfies stakeholder requirements Note 1 to entry: Also called Systems Engineering Management Plan (SEMP). [SOURCE: INCOSE:2010] 2 ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved