Source: https://legacy.pli.edu/content/Securities_Investigations_Internal_Civil/_/N-1z141ntZ4l?ID=101373
Timestamp: 2019-05-23 14:48:26
Document Index: 511943489

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PLI: Treatises - Securities Investigations: Internal, Civil and Criminal (Second Edition)
by Steven Wolowitz, Richard M Rosenfeld, Lee H. Rubin, Mayer Brown LLP
ISBN Number: 9781402410642
Chapter 1: Overview of Federal, State and SRO Securities Enforcement Efforts: Strategies for Responding to Multiple Investigations and Related Actions
Chapter 2: Civil Enforcement of Federal Securities Laws—Substantive Violations
§ 2:2 : SEC Enforcement of Securities Regulations2-3
§ 2:3 : The Securities Act of 19332-3
§ 2:3.1 : Generally2-3
§ 2:3.2 : Section 122-3
§ 2:3.3 : Section 172-5
§ 2:4 : Securities Exchange Act of 19342-6
§ 2:4.1 : Generally2-6
§ 2:4.2 : Section 10(b)2-6
[A] : Generally2-6
[B] : Rule 10b-52-8
§ 2:4.3 : Section 13—Reporting Requirements2-9
§ 2:4.4 : Section 14(e)2-12
§ 2:5 : Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 20022-13
§ 2:6 : The Dodd-Frank Act of 20102-14
§ 2:7 : Other Securities Regulations2-14
§ 2:7.1 : Investment Advisers Act of 19402-14
§ 2:7.2 : Investment Company Act of 19402-16
§ 2:7.3 : Insider Trading Sanctions Act of 19842-16
§ 2:7.4 : Insider Trading Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 19882-16
§ 2:7.5 : Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge (STOCK) Act of 20122-17
§ 2:7.6 : Recent Insider Trading Cases2-17
§ 2:8 : Extraterritorial Application of U.S. Securities Laws2-28
§ 2:9 : Aiding and Abetting Liability Under the Securities Laws2-31
§ 2:10 : Remedies Available to the SEC2-34
§ 2:10.1 : Judicial Remedies2-35
§ 2:10.2 : Monetary Penalties2-35
§ 2:10.3 : Disgorgement2-37
§ 2:10.4 : Officer and Director Bars2-38
§ 2:10.5 : Cease-and-Desist Orders2-40
§ 2:10.6 : Section 15(c)(4) Orders2-41
§ 2:10.7 : Administrative Fines2-42
§ 2:10.8 : Company Controls2-45
§ 2:10.9 : Bonus Forfeiture2-45
§ 2:11 : Fair Funds2-45
Chapter 3: Criminal Statutes Charged in Securities Cases
§ 3:2.3 : Section 13 of the Exchange Act3-11
§ 3:2.4 : Sections 5 and 17(a) of the Securities Act3-13
§ 3:3 : Title 18 Violations3-15
§ 3:3.1 : Conspiracy3-15
§ 3:3.2 : Fraud Statutes3-16
[A] : Mail and Wire Fraud3-16
[B] : Bank Fraud3-20
[C] : Sarbanes-Oxley Additions to Fraud Statutes in Title 183-21
§ 3:3.3 : Obstruction of Justice Statutes3-23
§ 3:3.4 : Theft of Government Property3-26
Chapter 4: Organizational Sentencing Guidelines
§ 4:1 : Important Considerations Regarding “Sentencing” of Business Organizations4-1
§ 4:3 : Guidelines Implications for Securities Law Violations4-6
§ 4:3.1 : Generally4-6
§ 4:3.2 : Restitution4-7
§ 4:4 : Diminished Impact of Organizational Guidelines4-9
[A] : Historical Use of DPAs and NPAs4-14
§ 4:5 : Rise of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements4-22
§ 4:6 : Conclusion4-27
Chapter 5: The Role of Corporate Internal Investigations
§ 5:2 : The Constituencies for an Internal Investigation5-3
§ 5:3.2 : The Sarbanes-Oxley Act5-5
[A] : Generally5-5
[B] : Duties of the Audit Committee5-5
[C] : Duties of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer5-6
[D] : Duties of Auditors5-7
[E] : Duties of Lawyers5-8
§ 5:3.3 : Duties with Respect to Employees5-9
§ 5:4.3 : The SEC’s “Cooperation Initiative”5-15
[A] : Generally5-15
[B] : Cooperation Tools5-15
[C] : SEC’s Use of DPAs and NPAs5-16
§ 5:4.4 : Waiver of Privilege and Work Product Protection5-17
[A] : Generally5-17
[B] : Confidentiality Agreements and Collateral Proceedings5-18
§ 5:4.5 : The Benefits of a Robust Internal Investigation5-19
§ 5:5 : Department of Justice Guidance Relating to Internal Investigations5-20
§ 5:5.1 : Generally5-20
§ 5:5.2 : The Filip Memorandum5-20
§ 5:5.3 : The DOJ and the SEC Resource Guide to the FCPA5-22
§ 5:5.4 : DOJ’s Corporate Compliance Counsel5-24
§ 5:5.5 : Information Relevant to Earning Cooperation Credit5-25
[A] : Generally5-25
[B] : “Relevant Facts”5-25
[C] : “Core” Privileged Information5-26
§ 5:5.6 : The Yates Memorandum5-27
§ 5:5.7 : Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements in Criminal Actions5-27
[A] : Generally5-27
[B] : Deutsche Bank AG5-29
[C] : Lending Processing Services Inc.5-30
§ 5:5.8 : Independent Corporate Monitors5-30
[A] : Generally5-30
§ 5:5.9 : Federal Sentencing Guidelines5-32
§ 5:6 : FINRA Guidance As It Relates to Internal Investigations5-34
§ 5:6.1 : Generally5-34
§ 5:6.2 : The Benefits of “Extraordinary Cooperation”5-35
§ 5:6.3 : What Is “Extraordinary Cooperation”?5-36
[A] : Generally5-36
[B] : Self-Reporting of Violations5-37
[C] : Extraordinary Steps to Correct Deficient Procedures and Systems5-37
[D] : Extraordinary Remediation to Customers5-37
[E] : Providing Substantial Assistance to FINRA Investigations5-38
§ 5:7 : State Investigations and Internal Investigations5-38
§ 5:7.1 : The Martin Act5-39
§ 5:7.2 : Martin Act Investigations5-39
§ 5:8 : Conclusions—The Role of the Internal Investigation5-40
Chapter 6: Conducting Internal Investigations
§ 6:3 : Gathering Relevant Facts6-12
§ 6:3.1 : Planning Phase6-12
§ 6:3.3 : Document Review and Organization6-15
[D] : Witness Warnings6-17
[D][1] : Upjohn Warning6-17
[E] : Note-Taking and Interview Memoranda6-21
§ 6:5.2 : Contents of a Written Report6-31
Chapter 7: Attorney-Client and Work Product Considerations in Internal Investigations
§ 7:2 : The Attorney-Client Privilege7-3
§ 7:2.1 : Elements Generally7-3
[A] : Applicable Law of Privilege/Choice of Law7-3
[B] : Objective—Full and Frank Communication7-3
[C] : Elements of Privilege7-3
[D] : Privilege Applied to Corporation7-4
[E] : For the Purpose of Receiving or Providing Legal Advice: Role of Lawyer7-4
[F] : Privilege Applied to Third-Party Consultants7-5
[G] : Burden of Proof7-5
[H] : For the Purpose of Providing Legal Advice: Primary Purpose7-6
§ 7:2.2 : Application to Internal Investigations7-7
§ 7:5.2 : Employee Interviews7-14
§ 7:5.3 : Former Employee Interviews7-17
§ 7:6 : Waiver and Exceptions: General Principles7-18
§ 7:6.1 : Waiver of Attorney-Client Privilege7-18
§ 7:6.2 : Waiver of Work Product Material7-19
§ 7:6.3 : “Crime-Fraud” Exception to Privilege7-20
§ 7:6.4 : Extent of Waiver7-21
[A] : Partial Waiver7-21
[B] : Successors in Interest7-21
§ 7:6.5 : Corporate Clients and Authority to Waive7-22
§ 7:6.6 : Waiver Issues Concerning Investigative Reports7-24
§ 7:7 : Intentional Selective Waiver of the Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product Protection7-26
§ 7:7.1 : Selective Waiver of Attorney-Client Privilege7-26
§ 7:7.2 : Selective Waiver of Work Product Protection7-28
§ 7:8 : Federal Rule of Evidence 5027-30
§ 7:9 : Cooperation with Government Investigations and Disclosure of Protected Material7-36
§ 7:9.1 : Background: Government Requests for Privilege Waivers7-36
§ 7:9.2 : Recommendations7-38
Chapter 8: Defending Federal Grand Jury Investigations
§ 8:9 : Returning an Indictment8-13
§ 8:12.1 : Preparation8-24
[B] : Advice of Rights8-26
Chapter 9: Defending an SEC Investigation
§ 9:2 : Initial Stages of an Investigation9-5
§ 9:2.1 : Early Contacts with Enforcement Division9-5
[A] : Market Intelligence and Whistleblower Program9-6
[B] : The Investigation Begins9-8
§ 9:2.2 : The Decision Whether to Cooperate9-11
§ 9:2.3 : Public Disclosure and Trading Restrictions9-18
§ 9:3 : Document Production and Testimony9-19
§ 9:3.1 : Staff Requests for Documents and Other Records9-19
§ 9:3.2 : Interaction with Other Counsel9-22
§ 9:3.3 : Preparation for Investigative Testimony9-23
§ 9:3.4 : Conduct of Investigative Testimony9-24
§ 9:3.5 : Subpoena Enforcement9-27
§ 9:3.6 : Ongoing Attention to the Cooperation and Seaboard Process9-29
§ 9:3.7 : Foreign Assistance9-30
§ 9:4 : The Wells Process and Possible Settlement9-30
§ 9:4.1 : The Staff’s Wells Notice9-30
§ 9:4.2 : The Wells Submission9-32
§ 9:4.3 : Settlement Discussions9-33
§ 9:5 : Transitioning to Litigation9-39
§ 9:5.1 : Civil Actions in U.S. District Court9-39
§ 9:5.2 : SEC Administrative Proceedings9-40
§ 9:6 : Conclusion9-46
Chapter 10: Cooperation in SEC and DOJ Cases
§ 10:2 : Cooperating with the SEC: Lessons from the Years Since the Seaboard Report10-5
§ 10:2.1 : Generally10-5
[C] : Dynegy10-11
[J] : American International Group (AIG)10-17
[S] : Ralph Lauren Corporation10-24
[T] : PBSJ Corporation10-25
[U] : Nortek, Inc.10-26
§ 10:2.3 : Summary of Lessons Learned and Guidance Going Forward10-27
§ 10:3 : Cooperating with the Department of Justice: Lessons from the Years Since the Thompson Memorandum10-29
§ 10:3.1 : Generally10-29
§ 10:3.2 : Selected Enforcement Actions Since the Release of the Thompson, McNulty, Filip, and Yates Memoranda10-33
[A] : Generally10-33
[B] : Agreements Governed by the Thompson Memorandum10-34
[B][1] : Banco Popular de Puerto Rico10-34
[B][2] : Bank of New York10-35
[B][3] : Symbol Technologies, Inc.10-36
[B][4] : Bristol-Myers Squibb10-37
[B][5] : Computer Associates10-37
[B][6] : Riggs Bank10-38
[C] : Agreements Governed by the McNulty Memorandum10-40
[C][1] : El Paso Corporation10-40
[C][2] : Baker Hughes10-41
[D] : Agreements Governed by the Filip Memorandum10-42
[D][1] : Fiat S.p.A.10-42
[D][2] : UBS AG10-43
[D][3] : General Reinsurance Corporation10-44
[D][4] : Wachovia Bank, N.A.10-45
[D][5] : Tyson Foods, Inc.10-46
[D][6] : Biomet10-47
[D][7] : Barclays Bank PLC10-48
[D][8] : Hewlett-Packard10-49
[D][9] : SunTrust Mortgage Inc.10-50
[E] : Agreements Governed by the Yates Memorandum10-51
[E][1] : Swisher Hygiene, Inc.10-51
[E][2] : North American Health Care Inc.10-52
§ 10:3.3 : Summary of Lessons Learned and Guidance Going Forward10-53
§ 10:4 : Conclusion10-55
Chapter 11: The SEC’s Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations
§ 11:1.1 : Authority11-3
[A] : Investment Adviser/Investment Examination Program11-5
[B] : Broker-Dealer and Exchange Examination Program11-5
[C] : Clearance and Settlement Examination Program11-6
[D] : FINRA and Securities Industry Oversight Examination Program11-6
[E] : Technology Controls Program11-6
[F] : Office of Risk and Strategy11-6
[G] : Office of Chief Counsel11-6
[H] : Steering Committees11-6
[A] : “Sweep” Exams11-8
[C] : Risk-Based Exams11-9
[D] : “Presence” Exams11-9
[E] : Never-Before Examined Advisers Initiative11-10
[F] : Never-Before Examined Investment Companies Initiative11-10
[G] : Oversight Exams11-11
§ 11:2.2 : Process11-11
[A] : Before the Visit11-11
[B] : On-Site Visit11-13
[C] : Exit Interviews/Closure Notification11-13
§ 11:3.2 : The Examination11-15
§ 11:4.1 : Common Deficiencies in Compliance Programs11-18
§ 11:4.2 : Current OCIE Examination Initiatives11-19
[A] : Retail Investors, Including Seniors and Those Saving for Retirement11-20
[B] : Compliance Risks in Critical Market Infrastructure11-22
[C] : FINRA and MSRB11-22
[D] : Cybersecurity11-22
[E] : Anti-Money Laundering11-23
§ 11:4.3 : Historical Registrant-Specific Examination Priorities11-23
[A] : Broker-Dealers11-23
[B] : Investment Advisers/Investment Companies11-24
Chapter 12: FINRA Investigations
[C] : Sweeps12-10
[D] : Referrals As Sources of Investigations12-11
[E] : Insider Trading Investigations12-12
[F] : Investigative Powers of FINRA12-13
[F][1] : Use of FINRA Rule 8210 to Obtain Documents and Testimony12-13
[F][2] : “On the Record” Testimony12-14
[G] : Wells Submissions12-14
§ 12:3.3 : Disciplinary Proceedings12-15
[A] : Generally12-15
[B] : Sanctions and Penalties for Violations12-18
[C] : Cooperation12-18
Chapter 13: Cross-Border Regulation of the Financial Markets; and Appendix 13A
§ 13:2.3 : Formal Mechanisms of Cooperation13-5
[A] : Multilateral Organizations13-5
[C] : Market Manipulation13-18
[D] : FCPA13-19
§ 13:2.7 : Cross-Border Regulatory Cooperation13-21
§ 13:2.8 : Obstacles to Cross-Border Securities Regulation13-22
§ 13:3 : U.K. Financial Conduct Authority—A European Regulator’s Approach to Cross-Border Regulation13-24
§ 13:3.1 : Background and Approach to Regulation13-24
§ 13:3.2 : Enforcement Policy, Powers, and Procedures13-27
[A] : Authority to Investigate and Prosecute13-27
[B] : Investigative and Enforcement Process13-29
§ 13:3.3 : Cross-Border Cooperation and Collaboration in Investigations and Enforcement13-31
[A] : Methods of Cross-Border Cooperation13-31
[B] : FSA v. Amro International SA and Creon Management SA13-33
§ 13:3.4 : Restrictions on Cooperation—Confidentiality of Information Provided to the FCA and Legal Privilege13-36
§ 13:3.5 : Cross-Border Collaboration13-37
§ 13:4 : Looking Ahead and Conclusion13-38
Chapter 14: Enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Other Anti-Bribery Laws
[A][2] : Domestic Concerns14-5
§ 14:2.3 : Facilitation Payments14-11
§ 14:2.4 : Affirmative Defenses14-12
§ 14:2.5 : Statute of Limitations14-12
§ 14:2.6 : DOJ Opinion Process14-14
§ 14:2.7 : Penalties14-15
§ 14:2.8 : Consultants, Agents, and Other Third-Party Intermediaries: Managing the Risks of Liability for the Conduct of Others Under a Willful Blindness Theory14-16
§ 14:3 : Mergers & Acquisitions14-19
§ 14:4 : FCPA Enforcement Activity and Developments14-20
§ 14:4.1 : Whistleblower Rules Under the Dodd-Frank Act14-20
§ 14:4.2 : Review of Enforcement Actions14-21
[A] : Generally14-21
§ 14:5 : Overview of FCPA Compliance Practice14-23
§ 14:5.1 : Generally14-23
§ 14:5.2 : Sources of Guidance14-24
Chapter 15: Dealing with Parallel Actions
§ 15:2 : Statutes of Limitations15-7
§ 15:3 : Use of Information Across Proceedings15-10
§ 15:3.1 : Disclosure of DOJ Involvement15-10
§ 15:3.2 : Discovery15-10
§ 15:3.3 : Sharing of SEC Investigative Material15-11
§ 15:3.4 : Access to SEC Files and FOIA Requests15-13
§ 15:3.5 : Requesting Information from Government Investigations15-14
§ 15:3.6 : Grand Jury Secrecy and Criminal Procedure Rule 6(e)(3)15-15
§ 15:3.7 : Remedies for Government Misconduct15-15
§ 15:4 : Waiver of Privilege15-17
§ 15:4.1 : Generally15-17
§ 15:4.2 : Waiver Demands by the SEC and DOJ15-18
[A] : The Legislative Response—The Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act and the Proposed Attorney-Client Privilege Protection Act15-19
[B] : The DOJ’s Revised Approach—The Filip Memo15-20
[C] : The SEC15-22
§ 15:4.3 : Scope of the Waiver15-23
§ 15:4.4 : Potential Waiver Assertions by Defendants—SEC v. Gupta15-25
§ 15:5 : Fifth Amendment Considerations15-26
§ 15:6 : Stays of Parallel Proceedings15-27
§ 15:7 : Proceedings to Block Agency Actions—Gupta v. SEC15-30
§ 15:7.1 : Administrative Adjudication15-32
§ 15:8 : Effects on Later Proceedings15-35
§ 15:8.1 : Disclosure of Evidence at Trial15-35
§ 15:8.2 : Settlement Agreements15-35
§ 15:8.3 : Disclosure of Facts Underlying SEC Settlements15-36
§ 15:8.4 : Collateral Estoppel15-39
Chapter 16: Representing Individuals in Securities Investigations
§ 16:2 : Types of Investigations16-4
§ 16:2.1 : Generally16-4
§ Figure 16-1 : The Spectrum of Culpability16-10
§ 16:3.3 : Is There a Parallel Criminal Investigation?16-12
[A] : Generally16-12
[B] : “Subjects” and “Targets”16-13
§ 16:3.4 : Interacting with Other Private Counsel16-14
[A] : Generally16-14
[C] : Counsel for Other Individuals16-18
§ 16:4 : Investigation16-20
§ 16:4.1 : Generally16-20
§ 16:4.2 : Client Interviews16-20
§ 16:4.3 : Witness Interviews16-22
§ 16:4.4 : Document Review16-23
§ 16:4.5 : Precedent Sources16-23
§ 16:5 : Process Violations16-23
§ 16:5.1 : Generally16-23
§ 16:5.2 : False Statements and Perjury16-24
§ 16:5.3 : Obstruction of Justice16-25
§ 16:5.4 : Zar Warnings16-27
§ 16:5.5 : Reporting Obligations Under SEC Professional Conduct Rules16-27
§ 16:6 : Production of Documents16-28
§ 16:6.1 : Document Preservation16-28
[A] : Maintain Record of Legal Advice16-28
[B] : Maintain Record of All Steps Taken16-29
[C] : Third Parties16-29
§ 16:6.2 : Personal Versus Corporate Records16-29
§ 16:6.3 : Objections to Subpoenas16-30
§ 16:6.4 : Doe Immunity16-32
§ 16:6.5 : Preserving the Confidentiality of Documents Produced to the Government16-34
[A] : Generally16-34
[B] : Grand Jury Proceedings16-34
[C] : SEC Enforcement Investigations16-35
§ 16:7 : Testimony16-36
§ 16:7.1 : Generally16-36
§ 16:7.2 : Right to Representation16-37
§ 16:7.3 : Privileges16-38
[A] : Generally16-38
[B] : Fifth Amendment16-39
[C] : Attorney-Client16-42
§ 16:7.4 : Immunity16-43
§ 16:7.5 : Use Immunity: “Queen for a Day”16-44
§ 16:7.6 : Obtaining the Transcript16-45
§ 16:8 : Cooperation16-46
§ 16:8.1 : Generally16-46
§ 16:8.2 : Corporate-Government Cooperation: Employee Beware16-47
§ 16:8.3 : Types of Cooperation16-50
§ 16:8.4 : Securing Cooperation Benefits16-51
§ 16:9 : Legal Fees16-53
§ 16:9.1 : Indemnification and Advancement of Fees16-53
§ 16:9.2 : Insurance Coverage16-54
§ 16:10 : Charging Your Client16-55
§ 16:10.1 : Indictment16-55
§ 16:10.2 : The Wells Process16-57
§ 16:10.3 : Settling with the SEC16-59
§ 16:11 : Available Sanctions Against Individuals16-62
§ 16:11.1 : Cease-and-Desist Orders16-62
§ 16:11.2 : Financial Remedies: Disgorgement and Fines16-62
[A] : Disgorgement16-62
[B] : Fines16-63
§ 16:11.3 : Director and Officer Bars16-65
§ 16:11.4 : Criminal Penalties16-65
[A] : Imprisonment16-65
[B] : Financial Sanctions16-66
Chapter 17: Communicating with the Company’s Auditor in a Securities Investigation
§ 17:2 : Reasons for Disclosures to the Company’s Auditor17-2
§ 17:3.2 : Disclosure to the Company’s Auditor Does Not Typically Constitute Waiver17-8
[A] : Cases Following Merrill Lynch17-10
[B] : The Deloitte Case Finds No Waiver17-12
§ 17:4 : Waiver of Attorney-Client Privilege17-16
§ 17:5 : Practical Precautions to Protect Against Waiver17-16
Chapter 18: Employment Issues in Securities Investigations
§ 18:1 : Overview18-3
§ 18:2.2 : Monitoring Employee Computer, Phone, Email, and Social Media Usage18-3
[B][2] : The Consent Exception18-8
[B][3] : Business Extension Exception18-10
[B][4] : The Service Provider Exception18-12
[C] : State Statutory Considerations18-13
[D] : State Common Law Invasion of Privacy Claims18-13
[E] : Social Media Monitoring18-17
[F] : Practical Tips for Electronic Monitoring18-22
§ 18:2.3 : Video Surveillance18-23
§ 18:2.4 : Polygraph Tests18-28
§ 18:2.5 : The Use of Pretext18-29
§ 18:3 : The Effect of the Fair Credit Reporting Act Upon Workplace Investigations18-31
§ 18:3.1 : Generally18-31
§ 18:3.2 : Consumer Report Versus Investigative Consumer Report18-32
§ 18:3.3 : FACTA Investigations into Employee Misconduct18-32
§ 18:3.4 : Non-FACTA Investigations18-33
§ 18:3.5 : Adverse Action Procedures18-36
§ 18:3.6 : Employers’ Certifications to Consumer Reporting Agencies18-37
§ 18:3.7 : Risks of Noncompliance18-37
§ 18:3.8 : State and Local Laws18-38
§ 18:4 : The Employee’s Duty to Cooperate18-38
§ 18:4.1 : Generally18-38
§ 18:4.2 : The Government’s Perspective on Cooperation18-39
§ 18:4.3 : Representation of the Employee18-40
§ 18:4.4 : Employee Representation Rights18-42
[A] : Weingarten Rights18-42
[B] : Investigative Interviews in the Non-Union Workplace18-43
§ 18:5 : Indemnification and Advancement of Attorneys’ Fees During an Investigation18-45
§ 18:5.1 : Generally18-45
§ 18:5.2 : As Set Forth by the Documents Concerning Corporate Governance18-45
§ 18:5.3 : As Set Forth by State Statutes18-46
§ 18:5.4 : As Potentially Limited by Sarbanes-Oxley18-48
§ 18:5.5 : Prosecutorial Considerations18-51
§ 18:6 : Termination or Suspension of Employees for Wrongdoing18-53
§ 18:7 : Protection of Whistleblowers from Retaliation18-56
§ 18:7.1 : Whistleblower Protection Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act18-56
§ 18:7.2 : Covered Employers18-57
§ 18:7.3 : Covered Employees18-59
[A] : Employees Based Outside of the United States18-60
[B] : Employers Based Outside of the United States18-62
[C] : Independent Contractors18-63
[D] : Security Analysts18-64
§ 18:7.4 : Protected Activity18-64
§ 18:7.5 : Remedies18-69
§ 18:7.6 : Individual Liability18-71
§ 18:7.7 : Whistleblower Protection Under the Dodd-Frank Act18-72
§ 18:7.8 : Compliance Programs18-76
Appendix C1: Remarks by Deputy Attorney General—Revisions to Corporate Charging Guidelines
Appendix C2: Press Release—Revisions to Corporate Charging Guidelines
Peter J. Romatowski, Partner, Jones Day; former Chief of Securities and Commodity Frauds Unit, U.S. Attorneys’ Office, Southern District of New York