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HIPAA & 42 CFR, Part 2HIPAA & 42 CFR, Part 2 How do they effect you everyday?How do they effect you everyday? All photos © Gr8fulTed Productions. - ppt download
Published byEdith Crofoot
Presentation on theme: "HIPAA & 42 CFR, Part 2HIPAA & 42 CFR, Part 2 How do they effect you everyday?How do they effect you everyday? All photos © Gr8fulTed Productions."— Presentation transcript:
HIPAA & 42 CFR, Part 2HIPAA & 42 CFR, Part 2 How do they effect you everyday?How do they effect you everyday? All photos © Gr8fulTed Productions
Objectives  We want you to come out of this session with enough of a general understanding to keep you (mostly) out of trouble regarding confidentiality rules and regulation.  We want to show you some generally good ways on how to do that  We want to have fun doing.  Please ask questions if we’re not clear enough.
Agenda: 1.What 42 CFR, Part 2 and HIPAA do, who they cover, who it impacts 2.Some ways in which the two differ 3.Which of the two takes precedence and when 4.What you need to know when dealing with the judicial system 1.Civil 2.Criminal 5.Suggested form language for disclosures 6.Disclosures without patient consent
You can achieve compliance,You can achieve compliance, but not certificationbut not certification As per the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), which manages and is responsible for enforcing Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) rules, there is no company entrusted to certify individuals as “HIPAA Certified” or companies…getting “official HIPAA certification” www.hipaacertification.net This means you can become entangled!
Substance abusers, or those who have sought treatment for substance abuse, have their confidentiality protected by 42 CFR, Part 2. In some cases these regulations are more stringent than HIPAA. Confidentiality in this field is protected 2 ways: All information identifying a person as a substance abuser is confidential and may not be released without consent from the client or legal guardian (42 CFR, Part 2) All information identifying a person as a substance abuser is confidential and may not be released without consent from the client or legal guardian (42 CFR, Part 2) All personal health information—including demographic data— that is created by the provider and relates to the person’s medical or mental health, the services provided, and payment provided falls under the protection of HIPAA and may not be released without consent by the client or legal guardian. (45 C.F.R. Parts 160 and 164) All personal health information—including demographic data— that is created by the provider and relates to the person’s medical or mental health, the services provided, and payment provided falls under the protection of HIPAA and may not be released without consent by the client or legal guardian. (45 C.F.R. Parts 160 and 164)
42 CFR Covers:  Records of the identity, diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of any patient, which are maintained in connection with the performance of any program or activity relating to drug abuse, alcoholism or alcohol abuse education that is conducted, regulated or assisted by the Federal government must be confidential.
42 CFR Impacts any federally assisted program: TTTThose receiving Medicaid funds TTTThose certified for Medicare reimbursements TTTThose receiving federal pass-through dollars from the state A program is defined as: Any individual or entity that declares they/it provides and does provide alcohol/drug abuse diagnosis, treatment, counseling, or referral to treatment
42 CFR protects:  Current patients  Past patients, including deceased  Those who are applying for treatment Patient is defined as an individual who has applied for or been given diagnosis or treatment for alcohol or drug abuse at a federally assisted program
This means the patient is protected from divulging information to:  Family members  The patient’s attorney  Police (even with a search warrant, or in civil cases without additional legal requirements)  Employer Patient or legal guardian must sign a written release for these entities to acquire personal information
Key benchmark for 42 CFR, Part 2 Diagnosis and treatment:  The act or process of deciding the nature of a diseased condition by examination of the symptoms  A careful analysis of the facts meant to explain something  A decision based on such an examination or analysis General Rule: Information that identifies an individual as a patient of a program may not be used or disclosed without the patient’s signed authorization, unless an exception for the use or disclosure applies
HIPAA :  Designed to ensure maintenance of health insurance coverage when you change jobs  Administrative simplification – Healthcare processes becoming very complex – look to standardize information – make it easier  Protects privacy of health information held by health plans, health care clearinghouses and most providers, including drug & alcohol programs
HIPAA Mandates:  Patient access to records  Form and content of patient notice  Form and content of agreements with qualified service organizations  Method for revoking consent  Protocols and procedures for research  Circumstances under which past crimes may be reported
HIPAA-permitted Disclosures, Government & Other Purposes As required by other laws As required by other laws Public health activities Public health activities Victims of abuse, etc. Victims of abuse, etc. Health oversight activities Health oversight activities Workers’ compensation Workers’ compensation Law enforcement purposes Law enforcement purposes Decedents - coroners and medical examiners Decedents - coroners and medical examiners Organ procurement Research purposes, under limited circumstances Imminent threat to health or safety (to the individual or the public) Specialized government function Judicial and administrative proceedings
HIPAA vs. 42 CFR, Part 2  HIPAA: health care industry  42 CFR: drug and alcohol programs  The laws cover a lot of the same material  Some points of difference – more specific or more recent rule usually applies For treatment providers, in most cases the rules of 42 CFR Part 2 are more stringent
Standards for Uses and Disclosures HIPAA or 42 CFR?  Apply whichever standard is more restrictive (usually 42 CFR, Part 2)  Standards that provide greater privacy protections  Exceptions: Disclosures to the individual whose health information is at issue Disclosures to the individual whose health information is at issue Disclosures to federal Department of Health and Human Services for HIPAA compliance determinations Disclosures to federal Department of Health and Human Services for HIPAA compliance determinations
Disclosures: HIPAA42 CFR, Part 2Rule to Follow Release, transfer, provision of access to, or divulging information in any other manner outside the entity (organization). A communication of patient identifying information, the affirmative verification of another person’s communication of patient identifying information, or the communication of any information from the record of a person who has been identified as a alcohol or drug abuser. 42 CFR, Part 2
Uses and Disclosure Standards: HIPAA42 CFR, Part 2Rule to Follow Entity may not use or disclose Personal Health Information (PHI) except as permitted or required under the regulations. PHI may be used or disclosed only as permitted by the regulations and may not be used in any civil, criminal, administrative or legislative proceedings. Court orders must be signed by a judge in order to have records released in a court of law. 42 CFR, Part 2
Treatment: HIPAA42 CFR, Part 2Rule to Follow Entity may use or disclose PHI to carry out treatment. No disclosures are allowed to outside providers without consent by patient. 42 CFR, Part 2
Payments: HIPAA42 CFR, Part 2Rule to Follow PHI may be released to provide or obtain reimbursement for health care services No disclosures are allowed to external sources without consent by patient. 42 CFR, Part 2
Judicial & Administrative Proceedings: HIPAA42 CFR, Part 2Rule to Follow No authorization required to disclose information in the course of a judicial or administrative proceeding. Information may be disclosed only under a unique court order meeting requirements of 42 CFR Part 2. A subpoena is not sufficient. Both the court order and a subpoena must be issued to compel disclosure. 42 CFR, Part 2
Right To Access: HIPAA42 CFR, Part 2Rule to Follow Individuals have the right to inspect and obtain copies of their information for as long as the information is maintained, except for: A. Psychotherapy notes B. Information compiled for civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding C. Information substance to CLIA Regulations do not prohibit patient access to records, including opportunity to inspect and copy any records maintained about the patient. The program is not required to obtain written authorization in order to provide access to patient. HIPAA
The first step is a consent form with language fitting both regulations:  Elements Patient name Patient name Meaningful and specific description of information Meaningful and specific description of information Specific name or general description of Persons authorized to disclose Specific name or general description of Persons authorized to disclose Name of individual or organization to receive Name of individual or organization to receive Purpose of disclosure Purpose of disclosure Expiration date/ event (no longer than reasonably necessary for purpose Expiration date/ event (no longer than reasonably necessary for purpose  Required statements: Right to revoke Right to revoke Whether authorization is a condition of treatment Whether authorization is a condition of treatment 42 CFR Part 2 re-disclosure statement 42 CFR Part 2 re-disclosure statement  Obtain appropriate signature or signatures copy to individual
Patient Authorization/Consent  Statement to accompany disclosure  This information has been disclosed to you from records protected by Federal confidentiality rules (42 CFR Part 2). The Federal rules prohibit you from making any further disclosure of this information unless further disclosure is expressly permitted by the written consent of the person to whom it pertains or is otherwise permitted by 42 CFR part 2. A general authorization for the release of medical or other information is NOT sufficient for this purpose. The Federal rules restrict any use of the information to criminally investigate or prosecute any alcohol or drug abuse patient.
Court Orders  HIPAA’s More Permissive Provisions won’t work here  Subpoena alone is not sufficient  Court Order, including search warrant, alone not sufficient  Satisfactory Assurances?  Nope
Court Orders: Civil  Motion for Release of Records filed in court Fictitious name or Fictitious name or Sealed proceeding Sealed proceeding  Notice to patient and provider Opportunity to respond Opportunity to respond  Hearing  Criteria for order Other ways of obtaining information not available or effective Other ways of obtaining information not available or effective Public interest and need for disclosure outweigh injury to patient, physician-patient, and treatment Public interest and need for disclosure outweigh injury to patient, physician-patient, and treatment
Court Orders: Civil  Confidential communications Necessary to protect against an existing threat, including child abuse Necessary to protect against an existing threat, including child abuse Necessary to prosecute a serious crime, or Necessary to prosecute a serious crime, or Door opened Door opened  Content of Order Limit disclosure to essential Limit disclosure to essential Limit recipients Limit recipients  Court Order alone is not sufficient Subpoena is required, also Subpoena is required, also
Court Order: Criminal  Motion, Notice, and Hearing like Civil Court Order  Criteria Extremely serious crime Extremely serious crime Reasonable likelihood of substantial value Reasonable likelihood of substantial value Other ways of obtaining info not effective Other ways of obtaining info not effective Public interest weighing Public interest weighing Independent representation for record holder Independent representation for record holder Same criteria for confidential communications Same criteria for confidential communications  Content of order Limit disclosure to essential Limit disclosure to essential Limit recipients Limit recipients  Order alone is not sufficient Subpoena is required Subpoena is required
Are there disclosures permittedAre there disclosures permitted without consent?without consent?
Permitted Disclosure—No Consent  Medical emergency Immediate threat to health and in need of treatment Immediate threat to health and in need of treatment Cannot disclose to family w/o consent but medical personnel can disclose Cannot disclose to family w/o consent but medical personnel can disclose  Crimes on the premises – staff can call police, regardless of whether on or off premises, e.g. counselor on way home is accosted by patient – but only basic facts. Limited to circumstances, but can disclose: Patient name Patient name Patient status Patient status Address or last known location Address or last known location
Permitted Disclosure—No Consent  Internal communications Staff within a program can share information on a need to know basis Staff within a program can share information on a need to know basis Staff may share information with a supervising or billing agency Staff may share information with a supervising or billing agency Important to define scope of program – who exactly is a member of the program? Important to define scope of program – who exactly is a member of the program?  Administration/Qualified Service Organization Agreement Written agreement between program and an outside agency that provides supportive service (cannot have agreement between 2 agencies where both are subject to 42 CFR) Written agreement between program and an outside agency that provides supportive service (cannot have agreement between 2 agencies where both are subject to 42 CFR)  May not enter into QSO with law enforcement without consent
Permitted Disclosure—No Consent  Outside auditors, central registries and researchers – funders, licensing agencies permitted to audit, provided there is a signed agreement regarding redisclosure  May not redisclose patient identities in any manner  Communications that do not disclose patient-identifying information, e.g. aggregate data about patients  Research – No identifying information and must either have a consent (which can be unwieldy) or a waiver from an Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Mandatory Disclosure: No Consent  State child abuse and neglect reporting laws Report according to state law Report according to state law Does not cover release of records Does not cover release of records  Other Disclosures? Vulnerable Adult Abuse Vulnerable Adult Abuse Gunshot wound or burn Gunshot wound or burn Birth of child Birth of child Public Health Crisis Public Health Crisis Attended or unattended death Attended or unattended death
Audit & Evaluation Activities  Disclosure is permissible if recipients agree in writing on redisclosure restrictions Person who conducts an audit or evaluation on behalf of federal, state, or local agencies providing financial assistance to the program or authorized by law to regulate the program’s activities Person who conducts an audit or evaluation on behalf of federal, state, or local agencies providing financial assistance to the program or authorized by law to regulate the program’s activities Third party payer Third party payer Peer review organization Peer review organization Otherwise qualified to conduct audit/evaluation activities (on premises only) Otherwise qualified to conduct audit/evaluation activities (on premises only) Special rules for Medicaid/Medicare audits (42 C.F.R. 2.53(c)) Special rules for Medicaid/Medicare audits (42 C.F.R. 2.53(c))
Audit, Evaluation, & Oversight  Key Factors for 42 CFR compliance Get statement in writing on redisclosure restriction operations Get statement in writing on redisclosure restriction operations Feds and state should provide in request for disclosure Feds and state should provide in request for disclosure Some organizations may rise to level of BA (e.g., accreditation organizations) Some organizations may rise to level of BA (e.g., accreditation organizations) Third party payer disclosures could fall in here Third party payer disclosures could fall in here  Do you need to identify patient status?
Qualified Service Organizations  Person that provides services to a program that has entered into a written agreement acknowledging it is bound by 42 CFR Part 2 and will resist judicial disclosure (other than as permitted)  Examples (operational services to organization, not program to program for substance abuse treatment) Data processing Data processing Bill collecting Bill collecting Dosage preparation Dosage preparation Laboratory Analysis Laboratory Analysis Professional services (legal, medical, accounting) Professional services (legal, medical, accounting) Services to prevent, treat child abuse, including training on nutrition and child care or individual and group counseling Services to prevent, treat child abuse, including training on nutrition and child care or individual and group counseling
QSOs and Business Associates  Identify QSO status  Identify Business Associate status e.g., laboratory analysis would fall under treatment e.g., laboratory analysis would fall under treatment Written Agreement Written Agreement  Bound by 42 CFR Part 2 disclosure and judicial resistance provisions Other Business Associate provisions Other Business Associate provisions
42 CFR, Part 2 and Minors:  If a minor has legal capacity to consent under State law, no other consent is required  If parental consent is required, need both consents  In states requiring parental consent Minor must consent to disclosure to parent or Minor must consent to disclosure to parent or Provider must decide minor lacks capacity to make rational choice Provider must decide minor lacks capacity to make rational choice  Criteria for Examining lack of capacity Extreme youth Extreme youth Presence of mental or physical condition Presence of mental or physical condition Minor’s situation poses substantial threat to life and well-being of minor Minor’s situation poses substantial threat to life and well-being of minor Communicating can reduce that threat Communicating can reduce that threat
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