Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5236469?dq=7,321,221
Timestamp: 2015-01-30 19:42:07
Document Index: 379641131

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2']

Patent US5236469 - Oxygenated analogs of botanic seed - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn analog of botanic seed is disclosed which comprises a plant embryo preferably encapsulated, or at least in contact with, a hydrated oxygenated gel. The gel can be oxygenated by passing oxygen gas through a gel solution before curing the gel or by exposing the gel to oxygen gas after curing. The gel...http://www.google.com/patents/US5236469?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5236469 - Oxygenated analogs of botanic seedAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5236469 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/604,656Publication dateAug 17, 1993Filing dateOct 26, 1990Priority dateOct 26, 1990Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS5451241, US5486218Publication number07604656, 604656, US 5236469 A, US 5236469A, US-A-5236469, US5236469 A, US5236469AInventorsWilliam C. Carlson, Jeffrey E. Hartle, Barbara K. BowerOriginal AssigneeWeyerhaeuser CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (72), Referenced by (33), Classifications (13), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetOxygenated analogs of botanic seedUS 5236469 AAbstract An analog of botanic seed is disclosed which comprises a plant embryo preferably encapsulated, or at least in contact with, a hydrated oxygenated gel. The gel can be oxygenated by passing oxygen gas through a gel solution before curing the gel or by exposing the gel to oxygen gas after curing. The gel is preferably oxygenated by adding to an uncured gel solution a suitably stabilized emulsion of a perfluorocarbon compound or a silicon oil, which compounds are capable of absorbing large amounts of oxygen, and are non-toxic and inert. An analog of botanic see can further comprise an outer shell at least partially surrounding the gel and embryo, thereby forming a capsule. The outer shell preferably is shaped to aid the radicle of a germinating embryo in protrusively rupturing the capsule, thereby facilitating successful germination and minimizing incidence of seedling malformation. Other shell materials are selected to provide requisite rigidity to the capsule while imparting minimal restriction to successful germination.
We claim: 1. An analog of a botanic seed comprising totipotent plant tissue encapsulated in a hydrated gel, the hydrated gel having molecular oxygen absorbed therein at a concentration that is higher than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure, the gel including a perfluorocarbon oxygen carrier compound.
10. An analog of botanic seed comprising totipotent plant tissue encapsulated in a hydrated gel., the hydrated gel having molecular oxygen absorbed therein at a concentration that is hither than a concentration of molecular oxygen that would otherwise be absorbed from the atmosphere by said hydrated gel at standard temperature and pressure, wherein the gel includes an oxygen carrier compound that is a silicone oil.
11. An analog of a botanic seed comprising:a unit of plant embryonic tissue; and a hydrated gel in surrounding relationship to the unit of plant embryonic tissue, the gel including an oxygen-absorbing compound selected from a group consisting of perfluorocarbons and silicone oils. 12. An analog of botanic seed as recited in claim 11 wherein the oxygen-absorbing compound is a suitably stabilized emulsion of a perfluorocarbon.
13. An analog of a botanic seed comprising:a plant embryo; a hydrated oxygenated gel encapsulating the plant embryo; emulsified droplets of a perfluorocarbon compound suspended in the gel as an oxygen carrier; and a surfactant in the gel serving to keep the emulsified droplets in suitably stabilized suspension in the gel. 14. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 13 wherein the gel includes plant nutrients
21. An analog of a botanic seed as recited in claim 19 wherein the first end of the shell is weaker than the second end against a protrusive force so as to allow the radicle to grow preferentially from the gel through the first end when the embryo is germinating.
As used herein, an "oxygenated" gel has a concentration of oxygen therein that is higher than the concentration of oxygen at standard temperature and pressure that would be present in the gel as a result only of absorption from the atmosphere An "oxygen-carrying" gel as used herein is one that has any extraneously-added oxygen-absorbing or oxygen-carrying substances.
An alternative oxygen-absorbing compound that can be incorporated as an emulsion into a hydrated gel is a silicone oil. Silicone oils are available in a number of viscosity values, where oils having a viscosity within the range of about 0.65 to about 15 centipoise are preferred. These oils, like PFCs, are nonpolar, colorless, odorless, non-toxic, heat-stable, chemically inert, and have high oxygen solubility values. In fact, some silicone oils have higher oxygen solubilities than many PFCs. Emulsifying a silicone oil in a gel solution is performed in substantially the same way as emulsifying a PFC. As with PFCs, a surfactant is generally required to achieve a suitably stable emulsion of silicone oil. Also, the concentration of silicone oil in a gel is generally about 25% w/v or less.
For purposes of comparison, FIG. 5 shows a germination pattern closely resembling that of a natural seed. In the first, or leftmost, image, an analog of botanic seed 100 is comprised of an embryo 12, having a radicle 48 and cotyledons 49, and a hydrogenated oxygenated gel capsule 101 in surrounding relationship to the embryo 12. In the second image, the radicle 132 has burst from the capsule 134. In the third image a root 136 is shown penetrating the soil surface 102 and the cotyledons 138 have elongated. The capsule 140 has a certain strength, such as a surface strength, sufficient to prevent the cotyledons 138 from rupturing the capsule 140 during elongation while allowing the capsule to be pushed ahead of the growing cotyledons 138. In the fourth image, the root 142 and cotyledons 144 have grown longer. The capsule 146 remains attached to the cotyledons 144 while allowing them to elongate naturally without malforming. In the fifth image, the seedling 148 has soil surface 102. Finally, in the rightmost image, the capsule 152 has fallen off the cotyledons 154 in a manner similar to a seed husk of a natural seed. The seedling 156 appears normal and has excellent prospects for future growth.
Treatment (2): Capsules lacking embryos were formed an EPA '141, after which each capsule was cut in half, an embryo inserted therein with the radicle end positioned relatively close to the outer surface of the capsule compared with the shoot, then the capsule halves were pressed together around the embryo to reseal.
TABLE II______________________________________               % Germinants % Germinants     % Normal  w/Swollen    w/SwollenTreatment Germinants               Hypocotyle   Cotyledons______________________________________1   (Agar con-         90%        0%        0%    trol)2   (Alginate  8%       36%        0%    control)3              0%       91%        47%4             61%       37%        26%5             20%       75%        3%______________________________________
Treatment (6): As shown in FIG. 8, rigid shells 180 were made by cutting a 4 mm diameter clear plastic drinking straw to 8 mm lengths. After sterilization, each shell 180 was oriented horizontally and filled about half full with nutrient agar medium 181, leaving a flat agar surface 182 inside each shell extending the length of the shell. One end 183 of each shell was sealed by dipping to a depth of 4 mm in paraffin 184, thereby causing the paraffin 184 to occupy about half the air space inside the shell. An embryo 185 was placed on the agar surface 182 (or "shelf") inside each shell, with the radicle 186 pointing toward the open end 187, which was left exposed to the atmosphere. The resulting capsules 188 were placed on their sides on a nutrient agar surface during germination. Treatment (7): As in Treatment (6) except that, after placing an embryo on the "shelf" in each capsule, the open capsule ends were partially sealed using PARAFILM in the same manner as described in Treatment (3).
TABLE III______________________________________                            %   %        %        %      Embryos                                   %   Normal   Swollen  Swollen                            Com-   Cotyle-   Germi-   Hypo-    Cotyle-                            pletely                                   donsTreatment   nants    cotyle   dons   Trapped                                   Trapped______________________________________1 (Control)   72%      22%      6%      0%     0%2       39%      44%      11%     6%    78%3        6%      78%      45%    28%    61%4       72%      17%      0%     17%    61%5       12%      45%      0%     39%    61%6       50%      34%      6%      6%    61%7       34%      45%      6%     11%    79%______________________________________
(e) Partially sealing the radicle-end of the capsules with PARAFILM resulted in lower average lengths of hypocotyls and radicles (data not shown), probably demonstrating a slight negative effect of partial (although not excessive) physical obstruction of the radicle until it penetrated the opening in the PARAFILM
TABLE V______________________________________              2 Week %          5 Week %   2 Week %   Growing   5 Week %                                Growing   Normal     Thru      Normal  ThruTreatment   Germinants Capsule   Germinants                                Capsule______________________________________1       6%         34%        0%     17%2       0%         28%       12%     89%3       0%         61%        0%     67%4       12%        56%       28%     50%5       6%         62%       23%     78%6 (Control)   84%        --        88%     --______________________________________
TABLE VI______________________________________                                   %  %        % That   %      %       Germina-  Normal   Grew     Radicle                           Hypocotyl                                   tionTreat- Germi-   Thru     Germina-                           Germina-                                   Hyp. &amp;ment   nants    Capsule  tion   tion    Rad.______________________________________1 (Con-  92%      --       --     --      --trol2       7%      28%      17%    92%     17%3      17%      37%      45%    97%     45%4      46%      87%      87%    100%    87%5 (Con-  88%      --       --     --      --trol)6       3%      24%      21%    100%    21%7       9%      24%      56%    94%     56%8      30%      55%      59%    92%     59%9 (Con-  92%      --       --     --      --trol)10      9%      37%      40%    95%     40%11      3%      12%      15%    54%     15%12     32%      70%      71%    98%     71%13 (Con-  32%      --       --     --      --trol)14      3%      28%      30%    100%    30%15     10%      34%      35%    100%    35%16     21%      42%      47%    100%    47%______________________________________
TABLE VII______________________________________                                   %  %        %        %      %       Germina-  Normal   Growth   Radicle                           Hypocotyl                                   tionTreat- Germi-   Thru     Germina-                           Germina-                                   Hyp. &amp;ment   nants    Capsule  tion   tion    Rad.______________________________________1      56%      94%      94%    100%    94%2      70%      86%      86%    97%     86%3       0%       0%       0%     0%      0%4      15%      57%      59%    100%    59%5      24%      35%      47%    89%     35%6 (Con-  100%     --       --     --      --trol)______________________________________
TABLE VIII______________________________________                                   %  %        %        %      %       Germina-  Normal   Growth   Radicle                           Hypocotyl                                   tionTreat- Germi-   Thru     Germina-                           Germina-                                   Hyp. &amp;ment   nants    Capsule  tion   tion    Rad.______________________________________1      69%      92%      95%    100%    97%2      35%      70%      77%    100%    77%3      61%      81%      86%    100%    86%4      34%      56%      56%    100%    56%5      29%      60%      65%    100%    56%6 (Con-  97%      --       --     --      --trol)______________________________________
TABLE IX______________________________________                                   %  %        %        %      %       Germina-  Normal   Growth   Radicle                           Hypocotyl                                   tionTreat- Germi-   Thru     Germina-                           Germina-                                   Hyp. &amp;ment   nants    Capsule  tion   tion    Rad.______________________________________1      35%      82%      82%    100%    82%2      27%      52%      49%    100%    49%3      18%      36%      36%     97%    36%4       6%      19%      20%     95%    20%5       9%      28%      28%    100%    28%6       6%      34%      34%    100%    34%7 (Con-  94%      --       --     --      --trol)______________________________________
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Sci. 16:387 391 (1986).* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5486218 *Jun 1, 1993Jan 23, 1996Weyerhaeuser CompanyOxygenated analogs of botanic seedUS5564224 *Apr 18, 1995Oct 15, 1996Weyerhaeuser CompanyPlant germinants produced from analogs of botanic seedUS5572827 *May 5, 1995Nov 12, 1996Ball Horticultural CompanyMethod for applying hydrogel coatings to embryonic plantsUS5641425 *Sep 8, 1994Jun 24, 1997Multiform Desiccants, Inc.Mixture of a metal and a salt contained in an emulsionUS5687504 *Mar 31, 1995Nov 18, 1997Weyerhaeuser CompanyManufactured seed cotyledon restraintUS5746937 *Jun 14, 1996May 5, 1998Multiform Desiccants, Inc.Emulsification and transferringUS5930949 *Sep 29, 1997Aug 3, 1999Takii Shubyo Kabushiki KaishaHydration of seeds with partially hydrated super absorbent polymer particlesUS6112457 *Nov 6, 1997Sep 5, 2000Agritecno Yazaki Co. 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