Source: https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/06/02/E6-8575/listing-of-color-additives-exempt-from-certification-mica-based-pearlescent-pigments
Timestamp: 2015-11-29 01:37:56
Document Index: 260803415

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 73', '§ 73', 'art 73', '§ 71', '§ 71', '§ 71', 'art 73', '§ 73', '§ 73']

Publication Date: Friday, June 02, 2006
Dates: This rule is effective July 5, 2006. Submit written or electronic objections and requests for a hearing by July 3, 2006. See section VIII of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document for information on the filing of objections.
71 FR 31927
-31929 (3 pages)
Docket No. 1998C-0790
Document Number: E6-8575
Shorter URL: https://federalregister.gov/a/E6-8575 Related Topics
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the color additive regulations to provide for the safe use of titanium dioxide coated mica-based pearlescent pigments as color additives in food. This action is in partial response to a petition filed by EM Industries, Inc.
This rule is effective July 5, 2006. Submit written or electronic objections and requests for a hearing by July 3, 2006. See section VIII of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document for information on the filing of objections.
You may submit written or electronic objections and requests for a hearing, identified by Docket No. 1998C-0790, by any of the following methods:
Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name and Docket No(s). and Regulatory Information Number (RIN) (if a RIN number has been assigned) for this rulemaking. All objections received will be posted without change to http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/default.htm, including any personal information provided. For detailed instructions on submitting objections, see the “Objections” heading of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document.
In a notice published in the Federal Register of September 25, 1998 (63 FR 51359), FDA announced that a color additive petition (CAP 8C0262) had been filed by EM Industries, Inc., 7 Skyline Dr., Hawthorne, NY 10532 (now EMD Chemicals, Inc.). The petition proposed to amend the color additive regulations to provide for the safe use of synthetic iron oxide and mica to color food and to provide for the safe use of titanium dioxide to color food at levels higher than the current limit. At the time of the filing of the petition, FDA considered the pigments that are the subjects of this petition to be color additive mixtures of synthetic iron oxide, mica, and titanium dioxide. During its subsequent review of the petition, the agency determined that these pigments are composite pigments, not color additive mixtures. Therefore, the agency published an amended filing notice in the Federal Register of June 21, 1999 (64 FR 33097), to indicate that the petition proposed to amend the color additive regulations to provide for the safe use of composite pigments prepared from synthetic iron oxide, mica, and titanium dioxide to color food. This final rule is a partial response to the petition and addresses only the composite pigments prepared from mica and titanium dioxide to color food. The remaining composite pigments containing synthetic iron oxide included in the petition remain under review.
The petitioner is seeking approval for a maximum use level of the resulting pigments of up to 1.25 percent by weight in food. The categories of food identified in the petition to which mica-based pearlescent pigments would be added are cereals, confections and frostings, gelatin desserts, hard and soft candies (including lozenges), nutritional supplement tablets and gelatin capsules, and chewing gum.
The subject color additive is manufactured by preparing a suspension of mica platelets, then adding a solution of soluble salts of titanium and a basic solution to precipitate titanium hydroxide onto the mica platelets. These particles are then heated (calcined) at temperatures up to 900 °C. During the calcination, titanium hydroxide is converted into titanium dioxide. The agency has reviewed the relevant data and information in the petition relating to the manufacture and identity of the subject color additive (Ref. 1), and to the proposed uses of and estimated exposure to the subject color additive (Refs. 2, 3, and 4).
In a final rule published in the Federal Register of October 24, 2002 (67 FR 65311), the agency listed the color additives based on titanium or iron salts and mica platelets for use in contact lenses in § 73.3128 (21 CFR 73.3128). In the same final rule, the agency collectively identified these color additives as mica-based pearlescent pigments. In addition, in the Federal Register of July 22, 2005 (70 FR 42271), the agency published a final rule to amend the color additive regulations to provide for the use of mica-based pearlescent pigments as color additives, in amounts up to 3 percent by weight, in ingested drugs by adding § 73.1128 (21 CFR 73.1128). To be consistent with these actions, the agency is using the same name for the color additive that is the subject of the present rule.
To evaluate the safety of the proposed use of titanium dioxide coated mica-based pearlescent pigments for coloring food, the agency reviewed the toxicological data and information submitted in the petition as well as other information contained in agency files (Ref. 5).
To determine whether a color additive in food is safe under its proposed conditions of use, FDA considers the projected human dietary intake of the additive, toxicological data on the additive, and other relevant information (such as published literature) available to the agency. FDA compares an individual's estimated daily intake (EDI) of the additive from all sources to an acceptable daily intake (ADI) established by toxicological data. The EDI is determined by projections based on the amount of the additive proposed for use in particular foods and on data regarding the amount consumed from all sources of the additive. The agency commonly uses the EDI of the additive from consumption of food at the 90th percentile as a measure of high chronic dietary intake.
FDA estimates the EDI of mica-based pearlescent pigments from all the petitioned uses in food (except nutritional supplements in tablet and gelatin capsule form) for consumers aged 2 years or more at the 90th percentile to be 0.86 grams per person per day (g/p/d) (Ref. 3). The agency also considered the exposure to the color additive from its uses in ingested drugs, nutritional supplements in tablet and gelatin capsule form, and contact lenses. The estimated intake of the pigments from their use in ingested drugs and nutritional supplements is approximately one-eighth of the intake from their proposed use in food (Ref. 4). The exposure to the components of mica-based pearlescent pigments from the use of the pigments in contact lenses is negligible compared to the intake from their use in ingested drugs or food (Ref. 5).
As part of the FDA's safety evaluation, the agency selected a life-time rodent bioassay submitted with the petition as the pivotal study. During the study, a blend of two titanium dioxide-coated mica-based pearlescent pigments was fed to rats at levels up to 5 percent in the feed for up to 2 years (Ref. 5). The agency determined that the results of the study showed no indications of adverse effects in rats from the prolonged consumption of the pigments at any of the doses tested. FDA concluded that the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) based on the highest dose tested in this study is over 3,000 mg/kg body-weight/day. By applying a 100-fold safety factor to this NOEL, the agency calculated the ADI for titanium dioxide-coated mica-based pearlescent pigments for a 60 kg human as 1.8 g/p/d. Therefore, taking into account the available safety information, and the conservative estimates of intake of the additives, the agency concludes that the proposed use of titanium dioxide-coated mica-based pearlescent pigments to color food is safe.
Based on the data and information in the petition and other relevant material, FDA concludes that the petitioned use of mica-based pearlescent pigments prepared from titanium salts and mica to color food is safe. The agency further concludes that the additive will achieve its intended technical effect, and is suitable for use in coloring food. The agency also concludes that 21 CFR part 73 of the color additive regulations should be amended as set forth in this document. In addition, based upon the factors listed in § 71.20(b) (21 CFR 71.20(b)), the agency concludes that certification of these titanium dioxide-coated mica-based pearlescent pigments is not necessary for the protection of the public health.
In accordance with § 71.15 (21 CFR 71.15), the petition and the documents that FDA considered and relied upon in reaching its decision to approve the petition are available for inspection at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition by appointment with the information contact person (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT). As provided in § 71.15, the agency will delete from the documents any materials that are not available for public disclosure before making the documents available for inspection.
The agency has previously considered the environmental effects of this rule as announced in the notice of filing and amended filing notice for CAP 8C0262 (63 FR 51359 and 64 FR 33097). No new information or comments have been received that would affect the agency's previous determination that there is no significant impact on the human environment and that an environmental impact statement is not required.
1. Memorandum from Jensen, Chemistry Review Team, Division of Product Manufacture and Use, to Orstan, Division of Petition Control, January 22, 1999.
2. Memorandum from Lee, Chemistry Review Group, Division of Petition Review, to Orstan, Regulatory Group II, Division of Petition Review, April 16, 2003.
3. Memorandum from Lee, Chemistry Review Group, Division of Petition Review, to DeLeo, Regulatory Group II, Division of Petition Review, March 1, 2005.
4. Memorandum from Lee, Chemistry Review Group, Division of Petition Review, to Orstan, Regulatory Group II, Division of Petition Review, January 30, 2003.
5. Memorandum from Park, Toxicology Review Group I, Division of Petition Review, to DeLeo, Division of Petition Review, December 14, 2005.
Therefore, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) and under the authority delegated to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, 21 CFR part 73 is amended as follows:
2.Section 73.350 is added to subpart A to read as follows: § 73.350 Mica-based pearlescent pigments.
(a) Identity. (1) The color additive is formed by depositing titanium salts onto mica, followed by heating to produce titanium dioxide on mica. Mica used to manufacture the color additive shall conform in identity to the requirements of § 73.1496(a)(1).
(c) Uses and restrictions. (1) The substance listed in paragraph (a) of this section may be safely used as a color additive in amounts up to 1.25 percent, by weight, in the following foods:
(i) Cereals.
(ii) Confections and frostings.
(iii) Gelatin desserts.
(iv) Hard and soft candies (including lozenges).
(v) Nutritional supplement tablets and gelatin capsules.
(vi) Chewing gum.
[FR Doc. E6-8575 Filed 6-1-06; 8:45 am]