Source: http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20110173827
Timestamp: 2018-03-23 04:34:03
Document Index: 88463750

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608', 'art 608']

COORDINATE MEASUREMENT MACHINES WITH REMOVABLE ACCESSORIES - Patent application
Patent application title: COORDINATE MEASUREMENT MACHINES WITH REMOVABLE ACCESSORIES
Inventors: Brent Bailey (Winter Springs, FL, US) Brent Bailey (Winter Springs, FL, US) Marc M. Barber (Deltona, FL, US) Marc M. Barber (Deltona, FL, US) Clark H. Briggs (Deland, FL, US) Clark H. Briggs (Deland, FL, US) Paul C. Atwell (Lake Mary, FL, US) Paul C. Atwell (Lake Mary, FL, US)
Patent application number: 20110173827
1. A portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) for measuring the coordinates of an object in space, comprising: a base; a manually positionable arm portion having an opposed first end and second end, the arm portion being rotationally coupled to the base, the arm portion including a plurality of connected arm segments, each arm segment including at least one position transducer for producing a position signal; a measurement device coupled to the first end; an electronic circuit which receives the position signal from the at least one position transducer and provides data corresponding to a position of the measurement device; a probe end disposed between the measurement device and the first end, the probe end having a fastener and a first connector; and a device removably coupled to the probe end by the fastener, the device having a second connector arranged to engage the first connector when the fastener couples the device to the probe end.
2. The AACMM of claim 1 wherein: the probe end includes a first actuator and a second actuator coupled to a first controller; and the device includes a third actuator and a fourth actuator electrically coupled to a second controller.
9. The AACMM of claim 1 wherein: the probe end is rotationally coupled about an axis to the first end; and the device is disposed to rotate about the axis.
10. The AACMM of claim 1 wherein: first connector includes an electrical connector portion; and the second connector includes an electrical connector portion.
11. A portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) for measuring the coordinates of an object in space, comprising: a manually positionable arm portion having an opposed first end and second end, the arm portion including a plurality of connected arm segments, each arm segment including at least one position transducer for producing a position signal; a measurement device coupled to the first end; an electronic circuit which receives the position signal from the at least one position transducer and provides data corresponding to a position of the measurement device; a housing disposed between the first end and the measurement device; a first controller disposed within the housing; a first coupler arranged on one side of the housing; and a device removably coupled to the housing and having a handle portion, the device having a second coupler on one end arranged to engage the first coupler, thereby securing the device to the housing.
12. The AACMM of claim 11 further comprising: a first connector adjacent the first coupler and electrically coupled to the first controller; a second connector coupled to the device and electrically coupled to the first connector; and a second controller disposed within the device and electrically coupled to the first controller via the first connector and the second connector, wherein the second controller is at least partially disposed within the handle portion.
15. The AACMM of claim 11 wherein: the second coupler includes a first projection extending from the device adjacent the second connector, the first projection having an angled first surface on one side; and the first coupler is a fastener movably coupled to the housing adjacent the first connector opposite the first projection, wherein the fastener is movable between a first position and a second position to engage the first surface.
17. The AACMM of claim 16 wherein the device includes: a second surface disposed between the first projection and the second projection; and a third surface adjacent to and offset a predetermined distance from the second surface and arranged to define a gap between the third surface and the fastener.
27. A method of operating a portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine for measuring the coordinates of an object in space, comprising: providing a manually positionable arm portion having an opposed first end and second end, the arm portion including a plurality of connected arm segments, each arm segment including at least one position transducer for producing a position signal; providing a probe end for measuring the object, the probe end having a first controller, the probe end having a first electrical connector electrically coupled to the first controller and a fastener, the probe end being coupled to the first end; providing a measurement device operably coupled to probe end; receiving at an electronic circuit the position signals from the transducers; determining data corresponding to a position of the measurement device with the electronic circuit; providing a device having a second controller, the device having a second electrical connector electrically coupled to the second controller and a coupler; mechanically coupling the device to the probe end with the coupler and the fastener; electrically coupling the first electrical connector to the second electrical connector; and transmitting a first signal from the second controller to the first controller.
28. The method of claim 27 further comprising: performing a first function with the first controller when the device is coupled to the probe end; and performing a second function with the first controller in response to the first signal.
30. The method of claim 29 further comprising: providing a base coupled to the second end; and providing a third controller disposed in the base, the third controller being in bidirectional communication with the first controller and the second controller.
37. A portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) for measuring the coordinates of an object in space, comprising: a base; a manually positionable arm portion having an opposed first end and second end, the arm portion being rotationally coupled to the base, the arm portion including a plurality of connected arm segments, each arm segment including at least one position transducer for producing a position signal; a probe end coupled to the first end; an electronic circuit which receives the position signal from the at least one position transducer and provides data corresponding to a position of the probe end; and a first projector is removably coupled to the probe end, the first projector being operable to project a first information onto a first projection surface, the projected first information being indicative of a presence and location of one or more features associated with the first projection surface.
47. A removable accessory for portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) for measuring the coordinates of an object in space, the AACMM having a probe end coupled to an end of the AACMM, the probe end having a first mechanical coupler and a first electrical connector, the removable accessory comprising: a second mechanical coupler removably coupled to the first mechanical coupler; a handle portion coupled to the second mechanical coupler.
[0002] The present disclosure relates to a coordinate measuring machine, and more particularly to a portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine having a connector on a probe end of the coordinate measuring machine that allows accessory devices to be removably connected to the coordinate measuring machine.
[0006] In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) for measuring the coordinates of an object in space is provided. The AACMM includes a base. A manually positionable arm portion is provided having an opposed first end and second end, the arm portion being rotationally coupled to the base, the arm portion including a plurality of connected arm segments, each arm segment including at least one position transducer for producing a position signal. A measurement device is coupled to the first end. An electronic circuit receives the position signal from the at least one position transducer and provides data corresponding to a position of the measurement device. A probe end is disposed between the measurement device and the first end, the probe end having a fastener and a first connector. A device is removably coupled to the probe end by the fastener, the device having a second connector arranged to engage the first connector when the fastener couples the device to the probe end.
[0007] According to another embodiment of the invention, an AACMM for measuring the coordinates of an object in space is provided. The AACMM includes a manually positionable arm portion having an opposed first end and second end, the arm portion including a plurality of connected arm segments, each arm segment including at least one position transducer for producing a position signal. A measurement device is coupled to the first end. An electronic circuit receives the position signal from the at least one position transducer and provides data corresponding to a position of the measurement device. A housing is disposed between the first end and the measurement device. A first controller is disposed within the housing. A first coupler is arranged on one side of the housing. A device is removably coupled to the housing and having a handle portion, the device having a second coupler on one end arranged to engage the first coupler, thereby securing the device to the housing.
[0008] According to another embodiment of the invention, a method of operating an AACMM for measuring the coordinates of an object in space is provided. The method includes providing a manually positionable arm portion having an opposed first end and second end, the arm portion including a plurality of connected arm segments, each arm segment including at least one position transducer for producing a position signal. A probe end is provided for measuring the object, the probe end having a first controller, the probe end having a first electrical connector electrically coupled to the first controller and a fastener, the probe end being coupled to the first end. A measurement device is provided that is operably coupled to probe end. An electronic circuit receives the position signals from the transducers. Data corresponding to a position of the measurement device is determined with the electronic circuit. A device is provided having a second controller, the device having a second electrical connector is electrically coupled to the second controller and a coupler. The device is mechanically coupled to the probe end with the coupler and the fastener. The first electrical connector is electrically coupled to the second electrical connector. A first signal is transmitted from the second controller to the first controller.
[0009] In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, an AACMM for measuring the coordinates of an object in space is provided. The AACMM includes a base. A manually positionable arm portion is provided having an opposed first end and second end, the arm portion being rotationally coupled to the base, the arm portion including a plurality of connected arm segments, each arm segment including at least one position transducer for producing a position signal. A probe end is coupled to the first end. An electronic circuit receives the position signal from the at least one position transducer and provides data corresponding to a position of the probe end. A first projector is removably coupled to the probe end, the first projector being operable to project a first information onto a first projection surface, the projected first information being indicative of a presence and location of one or more features associated with the first projection surface.
[0010] In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a removable accessory for an AACMM for measuring the coordinates of an object in space is provided. The AACMM includes a probe end coupled to an end of the AACMM, the probe end having a first mechanical coupler and a first electrical connector. The removable accessory includes a second mechanical coupler removably coupled to the first mechanical coupler. A handle portion is coupled to the second mechanical coupler.
[0012] FIG. 1, including FIGS. 1A and 1B, are perspective views of a portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) having embodiments of various aspects of the present invention therewithin;
[0013] FIG. 2, including FIGS. 2A-2D taken together, is a block diagram of electronics utilized as part of the AACMM of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment;
[0014] FIG. 3, including FIGS. 3A and 3B taken together, is a block diagram describing detailed features of the electronic data processing system of FIG. 2 in accordance with an embodiment;
[0015] FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the probe end of the AACMM of FIG. 1;
[0016] FIG. 5 is a side view of the probe end of FIG. 4 with the handle being coupled thereto;
[0017] FIG. 6 is a partial side view of the probe end of FIG. 4 with the handle attached;
[0018] FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial side view of the interface portion of the probe end of FIG. 6;
[0019] FIG. 8 is another enlarged partial side view of the interface portion of the probe end of FIG. 5;
[0020] FIG. 9 is an isometric view partially in section of the handle of FIG. 4;
[0021] FIG. 10 is an isometric view of the probe end of the AACMM of FIG. 1 with a laser line probe device attached;
[0022] FIG. 11 is an isometric view partially in section of the laser line probe of FIG. 10;
[0023] FIG. 12 is an isometric view of the probe end of the AACMM of FIG. 1 with another removable device attached;
[0024] FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the probe end of the AACMM of FIG. 1 with a paint spray device attached;
[0025] FIG. 14, including FIG. 14A-FIG. 14C are views of a projected image that is may be adjusted to remain aligned with a part feature as a function of the arm position and orientation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] FIG. 15, including FIG. 15A-15B are views of a surface of a part with an image projected thereon, where the projected image contains probe guidance and status information;
[0027] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an AACMM with two projectors mounted onto a probe end and a third projector mounted on another portion of the AACMM;
[0028] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another AACMM with two projectors mounted onto a probe end; and
[0029] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an AACMM with a projector mounted onto a probe end, where the projector projects an image onto a surface of a part, where the projected image contains hidden features behind the surface of the part.
[0030] Portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machines ("AACMM") are used in a variety of applications to obtain measurements of objects. Embodiments of the present invention provide advantages in allowing an operator to easily and quickly couple different measurement accessory devices to a probe end of the AACMM. Embodiments of the present invention provide further advantages in providing for integrating some level of control of the probe end with the accessory device. Embodiments of the present invention provide still further advantages in providing power and data communications to a removable accessory without having external connections or wiring.
[0031] FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate, in perspective, an AACMM 100 according to various embodiments of the present invention, an articulated arm being one type of coordinate measuring machine. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the exemplary AACMM 100 may comprise a six or seven axis articulated measurement device having a probe end 401 that includes a measurement probe housing 102 coupled to an arm portion 104 of the AACMM 100 at one end. The arm portion 104 comprises a first arm segment 106 coupled to a second arm segment 108 by a first grouping of bearing cartridges 110 (e.g., two bearing cartridges). A second grouping of bearing cartridges 112 (e.g., two bearing cartridges) couples the second arm segment 108 to the measurement probe housing 102. A third grouping of bearing cartridges 114 (e.g., three bearing cartridges) couples the first arm segment 106 to a base 116 located at the other end of the arm portion 104 of the AACMM 100. Each grouping of bearing cartridges 110, 112, 114 provides for multiple axes of articulated movement. Also, the probe end 401 may include a measurement probe housing 102 that comprises the shaft of the seventh axis portion of the AACMM 100 (e.g., a cartridge containing an encoder system that determines movement of the measurement device, for example a probe 118, in the seventh axis of the AACMM 100). In this embodiment, the probe end 401 may rotate about an axis extending through the center of measurement probe housing 102. In use of the AACMM 100, the base 116 is typically affixed to a work surface.
[0032] Each bearing cartridge within each bearing cartridge grouping 110, 112, 114 typically contains an encoder system (e.g., an optical angular encoder system). The encoder system (i.e., transducer) provides an indication of the position of the respective arm segments 106, 108 and corresponding bearing cartridge groupings 110, 112, 114 that all together provide an indication of the position of the probe 118 with respect to the base 116 (and, thus, the position of the object being measured by the AACMM 100 in a certain frame of reference--for example a local or global frame of reference). The arm segments 106, 108 may be made from a suitably rigid material such as but not limited to a carbon composite material for example. A portable AACMM 100 with six or seven axes of articulated movement (i.e., degrees of freedom) provides advantages in allowing the operator to position the probe 118 in a desired location within a 360° area about the base 116 while providing an arm portion 104 that may be easily handled by the operator. However, it should be appreciated that the illustration of an arm portion 104 having two arm segments 106, 108 is for exemplary purposes, and the claimed invention should not be so limited. An AACMM 100 may have any number of arm segments coupled together by bearing cartridges (and, thus, more or less than six or seven axes of articulated movement or degrees of freedom).
[0033] The probe 118 is detachably mounted to the measurement probe housing 102, which is connected to bearing cartridge grouping 112. A handle 126 is removable with respect to the measurement probe housing 102 by way of, for example, a quick-connect interface. The handle 126 may be replaced with another device (e.g., a laser line probe, a bar code reader), thereby providing advantages in allowing the operator to use different measurement devices with the same AACMM 100. In exemplary embodiments, the probe housing 102 houses a removable probe 118, which is a contacting measurement device and may have different tips 118 that physically contact the object to be measured, including, but not limited to: ball, touch-sensitive, curved and extension type probes. In other embodiments, the measurement is performed, for example, by a non-contacting device such as a laser line probe (LLP). In an embodiment, the handle 126 is replaced with the LLP using the quick-connect interface. Other types of measurement devices may replace the removable handle 126 to provide additional functionality. Examples of such measurement devices include, but are not limited to, one or more illumination lights, a temperature sensor, a thermal scanner, a bar code scanner, a projector, a paint sprayer, a camera, or the like, for example.
[0034] As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the AACMM 100 includes the removable handle 126 that provides advantages in allowing accessories or functionality to be changed without removing the measurement probe housing 102 from the bearing cartridge grouping 112. As discussed in more detail below with respect to FIG. 2, the removable handle 126 may also include an electrical connector that allows electrical power and data to be exchanged with the handle 126 and the corresponding electronics located in the probe end 401.
[0035] In various embodiments, each grouping of bearing cartridges 110, 112, 114 allows the arm portion 104 of the AACMM 100 to move about multiple axes of rotation. As mentioned, each bearing cartridge grouping 110, 112, 114 includes corresponding encoder systems, such as optical angular encoders for example, that are each arranged coaxially with the corresponding axis of rotation of, e.g., the arm segments 106, 108. The optical encoder system detects rotational (swivel) or transverse (hinge) movement of, e.g., each one of the arm segments 106, 108 about the corresponding axis and transmits a signal to an electronic data processing system within the AACMM 100 as described in more detail herein below. Each individual raw encoder count is sent separately to the electronic data processing system as a signal where it is further processed into measurement data. No position calculator separate from the AACMM 100 itself (e.g., a serial box) is required, as disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,402,582 ('582).
[0036] The base 116 may include an attachment device or mounting device 120. The mounting device 120 allows the AACMM 100 to be removably mounted to a desired location, such as an inspection table, a machining center, a wall or the floor for example. In one embodiment, the base 116 includes a handle portion 122 that provides a convenient location for the operator to hold the base 116 as the AACMM 100 is being moved. In one embodiment, the base 116 further includes a movable cover portion 124 that folds down to reveal a user interface, such as a display screen.
[0037] In accordance with an embodiment, the base 116 of the portable AACMM 100 contains or houses an electronic data processing system that includes two primary components: a base processing system that processes the data from the various encoder systems within the AACMM 100 as well as data representing other arm parameters to support three-dimensional (3-D) positional calculations; and a user interface processing system that includes an on-board operating system, a touch screen display, and resident application software that allows for relatively complete metrology functions to be implemented within the AACMM 100 without the need for connection to an external computer.
[0038] The electronic data processing system in the base 116 may communicate with the encoder systems, sensors, and other peripheral hardware located away from the base 116 (e.g., a LLP that can be mounted to the removable handle 126 on the AACMM 100). The electronics that support these peripheral hardware devices or features may be located in each of the bearing cartridge groupings 110, 112, 114 located within the portable AACMM 100.
[0039] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of electronics utilized in an AACMM 100 in accordance with an embodiment. The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 includes an electronic data processing system 210 including a base processor board 204 for implementing the base processing system, a user interface board 202, a base power board 206 for providing power, a Bluetooth module 232, and a base tilt board 208. The user interface board 202 includes a computer processor for executing application software to perform user interface, display, and other functions described herein.
[0040] As shown in FIG. 2, the electronic data processing system 210 is in communication with the aforementioned plurality of encoder systems via one or more arm buses 218. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2, each encoder system generates encoder data and includes: an encoder arm bus interface 214, an encoder digital signal processor (DSP) 216, an encoder read head interface 234, and a temperature sensor 212. Other devices, such as strain sensors, may be attached to the arm bus 218.
[0041] Also shown in FIG. 2 are probe end electronics 230 that are in communication with the arm bus 218. The probe end electronics 230 include a probe end DSP 228, a temperature sensor 212, a handle/LLP interface bus 240 that connects with the handle 126 or the LLP 242 via the quick-connect interface in an embodiment, and a probe interface 226. The quick-connect interface allows access by the handle 126 to the data bus, control lines, and power bus used by the LLP 242 and other accessories. In an embodiment, the probe end electronics 230 are located in the measurement probe housing 102 on the AACMM 100. In an embodiment, the handle 126 may be removed from the quick-connect interface and measurement may be performed by the laser line probe (LLP) 242 communicating with the probe end electronics 230 of the AACMM 100 via the handle/LLP interface bus 240. In an embodiment, the electronic data processing system 210 is located in the base 116 of the AACMM 100, the probe end electronics 230 are located in the measurement probe housing 102 of the AACMM 100, and the encoder systems are located in the bearing cartridge groupings 110, 112, 114. The probe interface 226 may connect with the probe end DSP 228 by any suitable communications protocol, including commercially-available products from Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. that embody the 1-Wire® communications protocol 236.
[0042] FIG. 3 is a block diagram describing detailed features of the electronic data processing system 210 of the AACMM 100 in accordance with an embodiment. In an embodiment, the electronic data processing system 210 is located in the base 116 of the AACMM 100 and includes the base processor board 204, the user interface board 202, a base power board 206, a Bluetooth module 232, and a base tilt module 208.
[0043] In an embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the base processor board 204 includes the various functional blocks illustrated therein. For example, a base processor function 302 is utilized to support the collection of measurement data from the AACMM 100 and receives raw arm data (e.g., encoder system data) via the arm bus 218 and a bus control module function 308. The memory function 304 stores programs and static arm configuration data. The base processor board 204 also includes an external hardware option port function 310 for communicating with any external hardware devices or accessories such as an LLP 242. A real time clock (RTC) and log 306, a battery pack interface (IF) 316, and a diagnostic port 318 are also included in the functionality in an embodiment of the base processor board 204 depicted in FIG. 3.
[0044] The base processor board 204 also manages all the wired and wireless data communication with external (host computer) and internal (display processor 202) devices. The base processor board 204 has the capability of communicating with an Ethernet network via an Ethernet function 320 (e.g., using a clock synchronization standard such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1588), with a wireless local area network (WLAN) via a LAN function 322, and with Bluetooth module 232 via a parallel to serial communications (PSC) function 314. The base processor board 204 also includes a connection to a universal serial bus (USB) device 312.
[0045] The base processor board 204 transmits and collects raw measurement data (e.g., encoder system counts, temperature readings) for processing into measurement data without the need for any preprocessing, such as disclosed in the serial box of the aforementioned '582 patent. The base processor 204 sends the processed data to the display processor 328 on the user interface board 202 via an RS485 interface (IF) 326. In an embodiment, the base processor 204 also sends the raw measurement data to an external computer.
[0046] Turning now to the user interface board 202 in FIG. 3, the angle and positional data received by the base processor is utilized by applications executing on the display processor 328 to provide an autonomous metrology system within the AACMM 100. Applications may be executed on the display processor 328 to support functions such as, but not limited to: measurement of features, guidance and training graphics, remote diagnostics, temperature corrections, control of various operational features, connection to various networks, and display of measured objects. Along with the display processor 328 and a liquid crystal display (LCD) 338 (e.g., a touch screen LCD) user interface, the user interface board 202 includes several interface options including a secure digital (SD) card interface 330, a memory 332, a USB Host interface 334, a diagnostic port 336, a camera port 340, an audio/video interface 342, a dial-up/cell modem 344 and a global positioning system (GPS) port 346.
[0047] The electronic data processing system 210 shown in FIG. 3 also includes a base power board 206 with an environmental recorder 362 for recording environmental data. The base power board 206 also provides power to the electronic data processing system 210 using an AC/DC converter 358 and a battery charger control 360. The base power board 206 communicates with the base processor board 204 using inter-integrated circuit (I2C) serial single ended bus 354 as well as via a DMA serial peripheral interface (DSPI) 356. The base power board 206 is connected to a tilt sensor and radio frequency identification (RFID) module 208 via an input/output (I/O) expansion function 364 implemented in the base power board 206.
[0048] Though shown as separate components, in other embodiments all or a subset of the components may be physically located in different locations and/or functions combined in different manners than that shown in FIG. 3. For example, in one embodiment, the base processor board 204 and the user interface board 202 are combined into one physical board.
[0049] Referring now to FIGS. 4-9, an exemplary embodiment of a probe end 401 is illustrated having a measurement probe housing 102 with a quick-connect mechanical and electrical interface that allows removable and interchangeable device 400 to couple with AACMM 100. In the exemplary embodiment, the device 400 includes an enclosure 402 that includes a handle portion 404 that is sized and shaped to be held in an operator's hand, such as in a pistol grip for example. The enclosure 402 is a thin wall structure having a cavity 406 (FIG. 9). The cavity 406 is sized and configured to receive a controller 408. The controller 408 may be a digital circuit, having a microprocessor for example, or an analog circuit. In one embodiment, the controller 408 is in asynchronous bidirectional communication with the electronic data processing system 210 (FIGS. 2 and 3). The communication connection between the controller 408 and the electronic data processing system 210 may be wired (e.g. via controller 420) or may be a direct or indirect wireless connection (e.g. Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11) or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In the exemplary embodiment, the enclosure 402 is formed in two halves 410, 412, such as from an injection molded plastic material for example. The halves 410, 412 may be secured together by fasteners, such as screws 414 for example. In other embodiments, the enclosure halves 410, 412 may be secured together by adhesives or ultrasonic welding for example.
[0050] The handle portion 404 also includes buttons or actuators 416, 418 that may be manually activated by the operator. The actuators 416, 418 are coupled to the controller 408 that transmits a signal to a controller 420 within the probe housing 102. In the exemplary embodiments, the actuators 416, 418 perform the functions of actuators 422, 424 located on the probe housing 102 opposite the device 400. It should be appreciated that the device 400 may have additional switches, buttons or other actuators that may also be used to control the device 400, the AACMM 100 or vice versa. Also, the device 400 may include indicators, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), sound generators, meters, displays or gauges for example. In one embodiment, the device 400 may include a digital voice recorder that allows for synchronization of verbal comments with a measured point. In yet another embodiment, the device 400 includes a microphone that allows the operator to transmit voice activated commands to the electronic data processing system 210.
[0051] In one embodiment, the handle portion 404 may be configured to be used with either operator hand or for a particular hand (e.g. left handed or right handed). The handle portion 404 may also be configured to facilitate operators with disabilities (e.g. operators with missing finders or operators with prosthetic arms). Further, the handle portion 404 may be removed and the probe housing 102 used by itself when clearance space is limited. As discussed above, the probe end 401 may also comprise the shaft of the seventh axis of AACMM 100. In this embodiment the device 400 may be arranged to rotate about the AACMM seventh axis.
[0052] The probe end 401 includes a mechanical and electrical interface 426 having a first connector 429 (FIG. 8) on the device 400 that cooperates with a second connector 428 on the probe housing 102. The connectors 428, 429 may include electrical and mechanical features that allow for coupling of the device 400 to the probe housing 102. In one embodiment, the interface 426 includes a first surface 430 having a mechanical coupler 432 and an electrical connector 434 thereon. The enclosure 402 also includes a second surface 436 positioned adjacent to and offset from the first surface 430. In the exemplary embodiment, the second surface 436 is a planar surface offset a distance of approximately 0.5 inches from the first surface 430. As will be discussed in more detail below, this offset provides a clearance for the operator's fingers when tightening or loosening a fastener such as collar 438. The interface 426 provides for a relatively quick and secure electronic connection between the device 400 and the probe housing 102 without the need to align connector pins, and without the need for separate cables or connectors.
[0053] The electrical connector 434 extends from the first surface 430 and includes one or more connector pins 440 that are electrically coupled in asynchronous bidirectional communication with the electronic data processing system 210 (FIGS. 2 and 3), such as via one or more arm buses 218 for example. The bidirectional communication connection may be wired (e.g. via arm bus 218), wireless (e.g. Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11), or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In one embodiment, the electrical connector 434 is electrically coupled to the controller 420. The controller 420 may be in asynchronous bidirectional communication with the electronic data processing system 210 such as via one or more arm buses 218 for example. The electrical connector 434 is positioned to provide a relatively quick and secure electronic connection with electrical connector 442 on probe housing 102. The electrical connectors 434, 442 connect with each other when the device 400 is attached to the probe housing 102. The electrical connectors 434, 442 may each comprise a metal encased connector housing that provides shielding from electromagnetic interference as well as protecting the connector pins and assisting with pin alignment during the process of attaching the device 400 to the probe housing 102.
[0054] The mechanical coupler 432 provides relatively rigid mechanical coupling between the device 400 and the probe housing 102 to support relatively precise applications in which the location of the device 400 on the end of the arm portion 104 of the AACMM 100 preferably does not shift or move. Any such movement may typically cause an undesirable degradation in the accuracy of the measurement result. These desired results are achieved using various structural features of the mechanical attachment configuration portion of the quick connect mechanical and electronic interface of an embodiment of the present invention.
[0055] In one embodiment, the mechanical coupler 432 includes a first projection 444 positioned on one end 448 (the leading edge or "front" of the device 400). The first projection 444 may include a keyed, notched or ramped interface that forms a lip 446 that extends from the first projection 444. The lip 446 is sized to be received in a slot 450 defined by a projection 452 extending from the probe housing 102 (FIG. 8). It should be appreciated that the first projection 444 and the slot 450 along with the collar 438 form a coupler arrangement such that when the lip 446 is positioned within the slot 450, the slot 450 may be used to restrict both the longitudinal and lateral movement of the device 400 when attached to the probe housing 102. As will be discussed in more detail below, the rotation of the collar 438 may be used to secure the lip 446 within the slot 450.
[0056] Opposite the first projection 444, the mechanical coupler 432 may include a second projection 454. The second projection 454 may have a keyed, notched-lip or ramped interface surface 456 (FIG. 5). The second projection 454 is positioned to engage a fastener associated with the probe housing 102, such as collar 438 for example. As will be discussed in more detail below, the mechanical coupler 432 includes a raised surface projecting from surface 430 that adjacent to or disposed about the electrical connector 434 which provides a pivot point for the interface 426 (FIGS. 7 and 8). This serves as the third of three points of mechanical contact between the device 400 and the probe housing 102 when the device 400 is attached thereto.
[0057] The probe housing 102 includes a collar 438 arranged co-axially on one end. The collar 438 includes a threaded portion that is movable between a first position (FIG. 5) and a second position (FIG. 7). By rotating the collar 438, the collar 438 may be used to secure or remove the device 400 without the need for external tools. Rotation of the collar 438 moves the collar 438 along a relatively coarse, square-threaded cylinder 474. The use of such relatively large size, square-thread and contoured surfaces allows for significant clamping force with minimal rotational torque. The coarse pitch of the threads of the cylinder 474 further allows the collar 438 to be tightened or loosened with minimal rotation.
[0058] To couple the device 400 to the probe housing 102, the lip 446 is inserted into the slot 450 and the device is pivoted to rotate the second projection 454 toward surface 458 as indicated by arrow 464 (FIG. 5). The collar 438 is rotated causing the collar 438 to move or translate in the direction indicated by arrow 462 into engagement with surface 456. The movement of the collar 438 against the angled surface 456 drives the mechanical coupler 432 against the raised surface 460. This assists in overcoming potential issues with distortion of the interface or foreign objects on the surface of the interface that could interfere with the rigid seating of the device 400 to the probe housing 102. The application of force by the collar 438 on the second projection 454 causes the mechanical coupler 432 to move forward pressing the lip 446 into a seat on the probe housing 102. As the collar 438 continues to be tightened, the second projection 454 is pressed upward toward the probe housing 102 applying pressure on a pivot point. This provides a see-saw type arrangement, applying pressure to the second projection 454, the lip 446 and the center pivot point to reduce or eliminate shifting or rocking of the device 400. The pivot point presses directly against the bottom on the probe housing 102 while the lip 446 is applies a downward force on the end of probe housing 102. FIG. 5 includes arrows 462, 464 to show the direction of movement of the device 400 and the collar 438. FIG. 7 includes arrows 466, 468, 470 to show the direction of applied pressure within the interface 426 when the collar 438 is tightened. It should be appreciated that the offset distance of the surface 436 of device 400 provides a gap 472 between the collar 438 and the surface 436 (FIG. 6). The gap 472 allows the operator to obtain a firmer grip on the collar 438 while reducing the risk of pinching fingers as the collar 438 is rotated. In one embodiment, the probe housing 102 is of sufficient stiffness to reduce or prevent the distortion when the collar 438 is tightened.
[0059] Embodiments of the interface 426 allow for the proper alignment of the mechanical coupler 432 and electrical connector 434 and also protects the electronics interface from applied stresses that may otherwise arise due to the clamping action of the collar 438, the lip 446 and the surface 456. This provides advantages in reducing or eliminating stress damage to circuit board 476 mounted electrical connectors 434, 442 that may have soldered terminals. Also, embodiments provide advantages over known approaches in that no tools are required for a user to connect or disconnect the device 400 from the probe housing 102. This allows the operator to manually connect and disconnect the device 400 from the probe housing 102 with relative ease.
[0060] Due to the relatively large number of shielded electrical connections possible with the interface 426, a relatively large number of functions may be shared between the AACMM 100 and the device 400. For example, switches, buttons or other actuators located on the AACMM 100 may be used to control the device 400 or vice versa. Further, commands and data may be transmitted from electronic data processing system 210 to the device 400. In one embodiment, the device 400 is a video camera that transmits data of a recorded image to be stored in memory on the base processor 204 or displayed on the display 328. In another embodiment the device 400 is an image projector that receives data from the electronic data processing system 210. In addition, temperature sensors located in either the AACMM 100 or the device 400 may be shared by the other. It should be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention provide advantages in providing a flexible interface that allows a wide variety of accessory devices 400 to be quickly, easily and reliably coupled to the AACMM 100. Further, the capability of sharing functions between the AACMM 100 and the device 400 may allow a reduction in size, power consumption and complexity of the AACMM 100 by eliminating duplicity.
[0061] In one embodiment, the controller 408 may alter the operation or functionality of the probe end 401 of the AACMM 100. For example, the controller 408 may alter indicator lights on the probe housing 102 to either emit a different color light, a different intensity of light, or turn on/off at different times when the device 400 is attached versus when the probe housing 102 is used by itself. In one embodiment, the device 400 includes a range finding sensor (not shown) that measures the distance to an object. In this embodiment, the controller 408 may change indicator lights on the probe housing 102 in order to provide an indication to the operator how far away the object is from the probe tip 118. This provides advantages in simplifying the requirements of controller 420 and allows for upgraded or increased functionality through the addition of accessory devices.
[0062] Referring to FIGS. 10-11, embodiments of the present invention provide advantages to camera, signal processing, control and indicator interfaces for a laser line probe (LLP) scanning device 500. The LLP 500 includes an enclosure 502 with a handle portion 504. The LLP 500 further includes an interface 426 on one end that mechanically and electrically couples the LLP 500 to the probe housing 102 as described herein above. The interface 426 allows the LLP 500 to be coupled and removed from the AACMM 100 quickly and easily without requiring additional tools. Adjacent the interface 426, the enclosure 502 includes a portion 506 that includes an optical device 510, such as a laser device for example, and a sensor 508. The sensor 508 may be charged-coupled device (CCD) type sensor or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) type sensor for example. In the exemplary embodiment, the optical device 510 and sensor 508 are arranged at an angle such that the sensor 508 may detect reflected light from the optical device 510 at a desired focal point. In one embodiment, the focal point of the optical device 510 and the sensor 508 is offset from the probe tip 118 such that the LLP 500 may be operated without interference from the probe tip 118. In other words, the LLP 500 may be operated with the probe tip 118 in place. Further, it should be appreciated that the LLP 500 is substantially fixed relative to the probe tip 118 and forces on the handle portion 504 may not influence the alignment of the LLP 500 relative to the probe tip 118. In one embodiment, the LLP 500 may have an additional actuator (not shown) that allows the operator to switch between acquiring data from the LLP 500 and the probe tip 118.
[0063] The optical device 510 and sensor 508 are electrically coupled to a controller 512 disposed within the enclosure 502. The controller 512 may include one or more microprocessors, digital signal processors, memory and signal conditioning circuits. Due to the digital signal processing and large data volume generated by the LLP 500, the controller 512 may be arranged within the handle portion 504. The controller 512 is electrically coupled to the arm buses 218 via electrical connector 434. The LLP 500 further includes actuators 514, 516 which may be manually activated by the operator to initiate operation and data capture by the LLP 500.
[0064] In other embodiments of the present invention, the device 600 (FIG. 12) coupled to the AACMM 100 may include a functional device 602. Depending on the type of device 600, the functional device 602 may be a still camera, a video camera, a bar-code scanner, thermal scanner, a light source (e.g. a flashlight), or an image projector. In one embodiment, the functional device 602 may include a retroreflector holder such as that described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,804,602 entitled "Apparatus and Method for Relocating an Articulating-Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine" which is incorporated herein in its entirety. In yet another embodiment, the functional device 602 may include an ultrasonic probe such as that described in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,412,880 entitled "Method of Constructing a 3-Dimensional Map of a Measurable Quantity Using Three Dimensional Coordinate Measuring Apparatus" which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The device 600 includes an interface 426 allowing a device to be electrically and mechanically coupled to the probe housing 102. Device 600 further includes a controller electrically connected to the functional device 602. The controller is arranged in asynchronous bidirectional communication with the electronic data processing system 210. The bidirectional communication connection may be wired (e.g. via arm bus 218), wireless (e.g. Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11). In one embodiment, the communications connection is a combination of wired and wireless connections wherein a first signal type is transmitted via a wired connection via controller 420 and a second signal type is transmitted via a wireless connection. In an embodiment wherein the functional device 602 includes multiple functions such as an image projector and a laser line probe, The image (e.g. CAD) data may be sent via a wireless connection to the image projector while the data acquired by the LLP image sensor is sent via a wired connection. It should be appreciated that the integration of these devices may provide advantages in allowing the operator to acquire measurements faster and with a higher degree of reliability. For example, with the still camera or video camera device attached, the operator may record an image or images of the object being measured with the device. These images may be displayed on display 328 or incorporated into an inspection report for example. In one embodiment, the operator may place graphical markers on the displayed image to define measurement points via the user interface board 202. In this way, the operator can later recall the marked up image from memory and quickly see where to make measurements. In other embodiments, a video is captured of the object being measured. The video is then replayed via the user interface board 202 to assist the operator in repeating multiple measurements on the next object to be inspected or as a training tool for new operators.
[0065] In yet another embodiment, the device may be a paint spray device 700 (FIG. 13). The paint spray device 700 includes an interface 426 that electrically and mechanically couples the paint spray device 700 to the probe housing 102. In this embodiment, the device 700 includes a controller arranged in communication with electronic data processing system 210. The communication connection may be wired (e.g. via arm bus 218), wireless (e.g. Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11), or a combination of wired and wireless connections. The device 700 controller receives a signal from the electronic data processing system 210 and selectively sprays one or more colors from one or more spray nozzles 702 that are each connected to a reservoir 704 (e.g. red, green, blue) each with a single color of paint. It should be appreciated that the spray nozzles 702 may also be an inkjet type of spray mechanism that deposits droplets of paint, ink, pigments or dies onto a surface. The inkjet nozzles may include but are not limited to continuous inkjets, thermal inkjets, and piezoelectric inkjets Since the electronic data processing system 210 knows the position and orientation of the probe housing 102, the device may receive commands to spray a particular color at a particular location to match a desired image stored in memory. Thus, an image or picture may be reproduced by the device 700 as the operator moves the device 700 across the desired surface (e.g. a wall). This embodiment may also provide advantages in manufacturing environments to create layout markings on an article, such as sheet metal for example.
[0066] It should be appreciated that while FIG. 13 illustrates the reservoirs 704 as being external to the AACMM 100, this is for exemplary purposes and the claimed invention should not be so limited. In one embodiment, the reservoirs 704 are disposed in the handle of the device 700. In another embodiment, the reservoirs 704 are arranged in the base 116 and conduits extend through the arm 104 providing a system with no external wiring, tubes or conduits.
[0067] Referring now to FIG. 12 and FIG. 14-18, an embodiment is shown of a device 600 incorporating one or more image projectors 602. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, one or more relatively small, commercially available projectors (e.g., "ultra miniature" or "pico" projectors) 604 may be mounted to, connected with, or otherwise attached to the probe end 401 of AACMM 100 or at other various positions thereon (e.g. opposite the handle, on an arm segment). In FIG. 14A-14D, the projector 604 is shown mounted to the device 600 adjacent to the handle 126. However, the projector 604 may be mounted anywhere on the AACMM 100, and may be mounted to a laser line probe, if utilized in conjunction with the AACMM 100. The projector 604 may contain some amount of processing capability. In an embodiment, the projector 604 is connected with, or in communication with, the electronic data processing system 210. As such, the projector 604 may be provided with visual guidance information or data (e.g., an image 606) that the projector 604 then projects onto the part or object 608 to be measured or otherwise worked on by an operator of the AACMM 100, as shown in "Position 1" of FIG. 14B.
[0068] Once the orientation of the part 608 is aligned within the coordinate system of the AACMM 100, the scale of the projected image 606 and its perspective can be synchronized to the movement of the AACMM 100 using the positional data of the arm 104. The image 606 projected on the part 608 can be adjusted by a processor associated with the projector 604 or via the electronic data processing system 210 as a function of the position of the probe end 401, such that as the device 600 is moved, the image 606 projected on the part 608 is stationary, changing both in scale and orientation to present a stable image to the operator. This can be seen in "Position 2" of FIG. 14C. As an example, a colored (e.g. green) circle 610 could be projected to align with a hole 612 in the part to be measured. As the probe angle or distance relative to the part 608 is changed, the position of the circle 610 in the projected image 606 changes, yet the circle 610 remains "locked" in position over the hole 612, and remains the same size as the hole 612. This is comparable to locking on and tracking a target. An advantage of this configuration is that the operator does not need to look away from the part 608 at a computer screen, user interface or other visual display as the operator moves the AACMM 100.
[0069] Using projected imagery on the part 608 as opposed to simple grid lines in the prior art provides a wide range of projected information options, including but not limited to: (1) Color control--a red circle may change to green after completing a measurement successfully. The color of the marker or graphics may change to provide the highest visibility (contrast) for the color of the part 608. (2) Animations--markers, arrows, or other indicators may flash, changing frequency, alternately changing colors to start or finish an operation. (3) Text--messages, data, or dimensions can be projected on the part. A digital read-out normally displayed on the computer screen can be projected on the part 608. (4) CAD images--can be overlaid on parts, with notes, dimensions or other information. Features to be measured can be sequentially highlighted with color or animation. (5) Photographs--actual images of the part (as designed) can be projected onto the part to be measured, immediately indicating anything that is different, such as a missing hole or a feature in the wrong location. ("Projection with Guidance"; see FIG. 15A). (6) Range Indicator--for non-contact devices like LLP500, range indicators 614 can be projected onto the part surface 608. These can be animated, colored, and include text and/or data.
[0070] The AACMM 100 may also use the projector 604 to provide guidance to the operator as illustrated in FIG. 15A. The projector 604 generates an image on the part 608 highlighting the feature 612 where the measurements are to be taken with circle 610, while also overlaying indicators 616 where the measurement device 118 should acquire the measurement points. Textual instructions 618 may also be projected and overlaid on the part 608. After taking a measurement of a part or object 608, or a complete set of measurements of the part 608, an indicator 620 of the results can be projected directly onto the part 608 as illustrated in FIG. 15B. This may be used to highlight certain features of the part that are within tolerance and/or outside of tolerance. For a surface scan, high and low points may be color coded and projected directly onto the part 608. For dimensioned feature measurements, a graphical or textual indicator 622 can be projected on the part 608 notifying the operator whether features are in and/or out of tolerance. As discussed above, this provides advantages in decreasing the amount of time needed for inspection of the part 608 since the operator does not need to look away to a computer terminal or user interface.
[0071] The projector 604 may also be used to illuminate the working area by projecting white light and the size and shape of the illumination can be controlled. In addition, the area of illumination may be locked while the device 600 is moved because the spotlight location and size can be controlled using the positional data of the probe end 401. If the device 600 is oriented such that the projector 604 cannot illuminate any of the part 608 (e.g., when pointing at the ceiling), then the projector 604 may automatically turn off or go to black.
[0072] Referring to FIGS. 16-17, in accordance with embodiments of another aspect of the present invention, multiple projectors 604, 624, 626 may be used with AACMM 100. An embodiment is the projector 624 points at a wall 628 or work surface. Here the projector 624 may be attached to a movable (e.g. swivel) mount on a fixed (non-moving) portion of the AACMM 100, such as on the base 116 for example. The image 630 from projector 624 may display the same information or different information as from the projector 604 mounted on the probe end 401. The image 630 may be for observation by a second party, or it may serve to replicate the on-board application software display or an ancillary computer display. In this manner, data may be made larger i.e., increased coverage area), or the data may be projected onto a surface 628 that is more easily viewed by the operator during the measurement session.
[0073] In addition, multiple projectors 604, 626 mounted on the probe end 401 of AACMM 100 may increase surface area coverage or coverage of 3D profiles, thus accommodating relatively greater movement of the probe end 401 without losing image coverage. The image contours can be adjusted to the contours of the part 608.
[0074] Referring to FIG. 18, in accordance with embodiments of another aspect of the present invention, an AACMM 100 with a projector 604 mounted thereon may provide visual task guidance to the operator. Such visual task guidance may be in the form of visualization of features of objects or items that are hidden from view by a surface or other type of obstruction (e.g., a wall or human skin). For example, the projector 604 may project CAD data, CAT scan data, laser scan data, or other data on various surfaces 632 that have one or more objects 634, 636 or items behind the surface 632 that need to be accessed and worked on. However, it is important that the worker identify the precise location of these objects so that no damage is caused to other objects or to reduce that amount of time wasted trying to locate these hidden objects 634, 636. The surface 632 may be a surface of a wall, an assembly, a human body, or other types of surfaces that hide features or objects to be worked on.
[0075] FIG. 18 shows the example of an image 638 projected onto a wall surface 632. Behind the wall surface 632 are various items such as studs 634, plumbing pipes 636, and electrical wiring. However, the worker may not know what is positioned behind the wall surface 632 and/or does not know the positioning of these items behind the wall surface 632. It would be advantageous to provide the worker with an image of the items behind the wall surface 632 and the location of 3 those items. Generally, this information about the hidden features is available as, e.g., CAD data.
[0076] In another application, the AACMM 100 may be used in an operating room for example. A doctor may use a portable AACMM to determine the location for making an incision or finding a tumor, correlating the position of the probe or measurement device 118 with 3D data from Computer Axial Tomography data. In this case, the projector 604 may project an image on the patient, providing markers or actual replication of CAT scan imagery to guide the surgeon. Surgery performed remotely by manually operated robots may use projection systems in the same way as described above.
[0077] In applications where an AACMM is used in a manufacturing environment, the projector 604 may provide guidance for a variety of operations requiring positioning that is driven from 3D CAD or image files. This includes, for example: drilling holes for rivets, instruments, accessories; applying decals or adhesive backed stripes to cars, planes, busses or large parts; painting letters, details or images; grinding/sanding surfaces or welds until they conform to drawing requirements; and locating studs or structural members behind sheathing for nail or screw locations.
[0078] Embodiments of this aspect of the present invention provide for visualization of hidden features such as pipes, wiring, ducts, or other objects under walls, bulkheads, floors or behind locked doors helps to determine where cuts can be safely made. These embodiments also provide for projected visualization and guidance for drilling, cutting and access to critical components of explosive ordinance (e.g., when 3D CAD data of the device is available).
[0079] According to embodiments of this aspect of the present invention, a projection system for an AACMM projects guidance and part data (e.g., structural CAD data) onto a surface of a part. It also may be used to project images of what is inside walls, structures, or the human body for use in building modification, surgery or other invasive procedures. One or more miniature projectors attached to the arm can project images or data on a part or surface or provide guidance to the operator. The arm/projector combination may provide visualization of features hidden by walls, inside the human body, inside explosive devices, etc. When a 3D record (e.g., CAD drawing, CAT scan, etc.) of the object exists the projector and arm combination can project an image that shows the location of features, as if seeing through the wall.
[0080] While the invention has been described with reference to example embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, the use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Furthermore, the use of the terms a, an, etc. do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item.
2010-10-14 Coordinate measurement machine with improved joint
2011-12-15 Coordinate measurement machine with improved joint
2010-11-11 Coordinate measuring machine with rotatable grip
2012-01-26 Coordinate measuring machine with rotatable grip
2010-12-30 Coordinate measurement machine with vibration detection