Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7032432?dq=5,960,411
Timestamp: 2014-07-11 05:07:34
Document Index: 788101168

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

Patent US7032432 - Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having liquid ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsAn apparatus 10,70 and method is provided that includes a spatial array of unsteady pressure sensors 15�18 placed at predetermined axial locations x1�xN disposed axially along a pipe 14 for measuring at least one parameter of a saturated vapor/liquid mixture 12, such as steam, flowing in the pipe...http://www.google.com/patents/US7032432?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7032432 - Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having liquid droplets suspended in a vapor flowing in a pipeAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7032432 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/376,427Publication dateApr 25, 2006Filing dateFeb 26, 2003Priority dateJan 23, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2489429A1, CA2489429C, CN103364488A, EP1546662A1, US7337075, US20040016284, US20060260384, WO2003091671A1Publication number10376427, 376427, US 7032432 B2, US 7032432B2, US-B2-7032432, US7032432 B2, US7032432B2InventorsDaniel L. Gysling, Douglas H. LooseOriginal AssigneeCidra CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (60), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (50), Classifications (28), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetApparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having liquid droplets suspended in a vapor flowing in a pipeUS 7032432 B2Abstract An apparatus 10,70 and method is provided that includes a spatial array of unsteady pressure sensors 15�18 placed at predetermined axial locations x1�xN disposed axially along a pipe 14 for measuring at least one parameter of a saturated vapor/liquid mixture 12, such as steam, flowing in the pipe 14. The pressure sensors 15�18 provide acoustic pressure signals P1(t)�PN(t) to a signal processing unit 30 which determines the speed of sound amix propagating through of the saturated vapor/liquid mixture 12 in the pipe 14 using acoustic spatial array signal processing techniques. The primary parameters to be measured include vapor/liquid concentration (i.e., steam wetness or steam quality), vapor/liquid mixture volumetric flow, mass flow, enthalpy, density and liquid droplet size. Frequency based sound speed is determined utilizing a dispersion model to determine the parameters of interest.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the dispersion model is: a mix ⁡ ( ω ) = a f ⁢ 1 1 + φ p ⁢ ρ p ρ f ⁡ ( 1 + ω 2 ⁢ ρ p 2 ⁢ v p 2 K 2 ) wherein amix is the speed of sound propagating through the mixture, af is the speed of sound propagating through the gas, K is a proportionality constant, ω is frequency in rad/sec, φp is the volumetric phase fraction of the liquid droplets, ρp is the density of the liquid droplets, υvp is the volume of individual liquid droplets, and ρf is the density of the gas.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/359,785, filed Feb. 26, 2002; and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/349,716, filed Jan. 23, 2003, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/351,232, filed Jan. 23, 2002; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/359,785, filed Feb. 26, 2002; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/375,847, filed Apr. 24, 2002; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/425,436, filed Nov. 12, 2002; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/426,724, filed Nov. 15, 2002, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
k r ≡ ( ω a mix ) ⁢ 1 1 + M x and k l ≡ ( ω a mix ) ⁢ ⁢ 1 1 - M x Eq . ⁢ 2 where amix is the speed of sound of the mixture in the pipe, ω is frequency (in rad/sec), and Mx is the axial Mach number of the flow of the mixture within the pipe, where:
ρ mix = ∑ i = 1 N ⁢ ϕ i ⁢ ρ i 1 ρ mix ⁢ a mix 2 = ∑ i = 1 N ⁢ ϕ i ρ i ⁢ a i 2 ∑ i = 1 N ⁢ ϕ i = 1 For one-dimensional waves propagating within a vacuum backed conduit (or a conduit immersed in large volume of low impedance fluid such as air at atmospheric conditions), the compliance introduced by the pipe (in this case a circular pipe of modulus E, radius R and wall thickness t) reduces the measured sound speed from the infinite dimensional sound speed. The effect of the conduit is given by the following relationship:
1 ρ mix ⁢ c measured 2 = 1 ρ mix ⁢ c mix 2 + σ where σ ≡ 2 ⁢ R Et Utilizing the relations above, the speed at which sound travels within the piping system of a representative vapor/liquid mixture as a function of vapor/liquid mass ratio. The effect of increasing liquid fraction, i.e. decreasing vapor/liquid ratio, is to decrease the sound speed. Physically, adding liquid droplets effectively mass loads the mixture, while not appreciably changing the compressibility of the air. Over the parameter range of interest, the relation between mixture sound speed and vapor/liquid ratio is well behaved and monatomic.
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