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Overview of Hotel Fire Safety Requirements - PDF
Download "Overview of Hotel Fire Safety Requirements"
Steven Stanley Hopkins
1 Overview of Hotel Fire Safety Requirements in the Fire Code Susan Clarke, P.Eng. Office of the Fire Marshal - January 10,
2 Agenda Regulation History - Hotels Fire Code Overview (Parts 1 to 8) Defined terms Requirements for hotels Part 9 Retrofit Principles of Life Safety Application of Section 9.9 Hotels Compliance with Part 9 OFM Hotel Web Site 2
3 Regulatory History - Hotels Pre-July 30, 1998 Hotels were regulated by the Hotel Fire Safety Act (HFSA) and Regulation 640 Ontario Fire Code (OFC) did not apply 3
4 Regulatory History - Hotels July 30, 1998 The OFC was amended to incorporate the HFSA and Regulation 640 by reference in Article Remainder of the OFC still did not apply to hotels 4
5 Regulatory History - Hotels May 3, 2006 O. Reg. 144/06 was filed amending the OFC to consolidate fire safety requirements for hotels revisions to Parts 1 to 6 new Part 9 retrofit requirements for hotels 5
6 O. Reg. 144/06 January 1, 2007 O.Reg. 144/06 came into force Hotels are subject to the requirements of the Fire Code Many of the old HFSA and Regulation 640 requirements are similar to those contained in the Fire Code New retrofit requirements to be phased in over a 5 year period 6
7 Fire Code Table of Contents Part 1 - Application and Definitions Part 2 - Building and Occupant Fire Safety Part 3 - Property Protection for Industrial and Commercial Occupancies Part 4 - Flammable and Combustible Liquids Part 5 - Hazardous Materials, Processes and Operations Part 6 - Fire Protection Equipment Part 7 - Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Fire Emergency Systems in High Buildings Part 8 - Demolition Part 9 - Retrofit 7
8 Overview of Code Changes Specific to Hotels New defined terms (Part 1) New requirements (Parts 2 and 6) Retrofit requirements for existing hotels (new Section 9.9) Compliance dates specific to hotel requirements (Section 9.1) 8
9 Review of Some Defined Terms - January 10,
10 Owner Any person, firm or corporation having control over any portion of the building or property under consideration and includes the persons in the building or property 10
11 Chief Fire Official Municipal Fire Chief or members of the fire department appointed by the Municipal Fire Chief, or Person appointed by the Fire Marshal under Subsection of the Fire Code 11
12 Approved Approved by the Chief Fire Official (CFO) 12
13 Building Height The number of storeys between the roof and the floor of the first storey Building height is 6 storeys 13
14 Building Area The greatest horizontal area of a building above grade within outside surface of exterior walls (or within outside surface of exterior walls and the centreline of firewalls) firewall exterior walls Building Area = A 1 (or A 2 if A 2 > A 1 ) 2 nd floor (A 2 ) 1 st floor (A 1 ) 14
15 Total Area The total area of all floors above and below grade, including mezzanines and penthouses, measured between the inside surfaces of exterior walls or between the inside surfaces of exterior walls and the inside surfaces of firewalls 2 nd floor (A 2 ) Total area = A 1 + A 2 1 st floor (A 1 ) 15
16 Fire Separation A construction assembly that acts as a barrier against the spread of fire, and may or may not have a fire-resistance rating or fire-protection rating fire separations 16
17 Fire-Resistance Rating The time in hours that a material or assembly will withstand the passage of flame and the transmission of heat fire separations 17
18 Closure A device or assembly for closing an opening in a fire separation 18
19 Fire-Protection Rating The time that a closure will withstand the passage of flame 19
20 Hotel Floor areas, a floor area or part of floor area containing 4 or more suites that provide sleeping accommodation for the travelling public or for recreational purposes 20
21 Hotel Establishment A building containing a hotel and all subsidiary occupancies that are operated in connection with the hotel and includes all connected or adjacent buildings that are operated in connection with the hotel 21
22 Guest suite A single room or series of rooms of complementary use providing sleeping accommodation for the travelling public or for recreational purposes in a hotel establishment 22
23 Travel Distance The distance from any point in a floor area to an exit measured along the path of exit travel When floor areas are subdivided into rooms used singly or into suites of rooms and served by public corridors or exterior passageways, the distance shall be measured from the door of the rooms or the suites to the nearest exit. D = travel distance to closest exit 23
24 The Fire Code Applies to Hotels (Examples: Parts 1 to 8) - January 10,
25 Qualifications of Fire Alarm System Technicians Applies to persons conducting annual tests and inspections, or repairing or altering a fire alarm system Technicians must complete a fire alarm training program acceptable to Fire Marshal, i.e. Canadian Fire Alarm Association (CFAA) Electrical Contractors Association (ECAO) Technicians must be able to show proof of completion of training program (i.e. certificate or ID card) 25
26 Owner s Responsibility Owner shall ensure that any person conducting annual tests, annual inspections, repairs or alterations to a fire alarm system has completed an acceptable fire alarm training program 26
27 Part 4 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Subsection general fire prevention and protection requirements wherever flammable liquids are used or stored Subsection spill control procedures Subsection ventilation requirements Section 4.2 storage and handling requirements in various occupancies 27
28 Section 5.6 Compressed Gas Cylinders Cylinders of compressed gases must be properly handled and maintained Indoor storage of flammable compressed gas in cylinders must be stored in proper room in limited quantities 28
29 Hotel Specific Revisions to Existing Parts of Fire Code. - January 10,
30 Furniture in Corridors Furniture is permitted in corridors serving guest suites if: Egress not obstructed, and Furniture is noncombustible, solid wood, or approved by CFO 30
31 Receptacles Waste containers in public washrooms and other public areas of hotel establishments shall be: Noncombustible with selfclosing covers, or Approved 31
32 Fire Safety Planning Employees in a hotel establishment shall be instructed on: Emergency procedures Use of fire fighting equipment 32
33 Fire Safety Planning Sufficient supervisory staff shall be available to carry out fire safety plan duties in hotel establishments Supervisory staff shall be on duty whenever the building is occupied, if building is higher than 3 storeys, or has a total area greater than 4000 m² 33
34 Fire Emergency Procedures Emergency procedures, location of exits and fire safety rules shall be posted on inside of each guest suite door Approved fire safety plan shall be posted in main reception area 34
35 Fire Drills Hotel establishments shall have fire drills for supervisory staff every 12 months every 3 months in a high-rise* building Fire drills shall be held for all employees every 12 months *Note: High-rise building has floor containing residential occupancy more than 18 m above grade 35
36 Smoke Alarms Requirement to maintain smoke alarms extends to smoke alarms in guest suites 36
37 Standpipe and Hose Systems Standpipe and hose systems shall not be shutdown, disconnected, or otherwise impaired unless the CFO is notified in accordance with an approved schedule 37
38 Standpipe and Hose Systems The flow and pressure for standpipe and hose systems shall be tested to verify water supply meets original design: Conducted annually At highest most remote hose valve or connection 38
39 Automatic Sprinkler System Valves, including sprinkler water supplies, shall not be shutdown, disconnected, or otherwise impaired without notifying the CFO 39
40 Fire Pumps Testing and inspections of fire pumps shall be done at least monthly in buildings containing a hotel 40
41 Reminder! Parts 1 to 8 of the Fire Code apply to hotels! 41
42 Part 9 Retrofit - January 10,
43 Purpose To provide a minimum level of life safety in specified existing buildings 43
44 Principles of Life Safety Life safety within buildings is provided through application of the following principles: Containment Means of egress Fire detection and alarm Fire suppression 44
45 Containment Structural integrity of buildings under fire conditions for a specified time Boundaries to limit fire growth and smoke spread Separation of different occupancies and tenancies from each other 45
46 Means of Egress Escape routes for occupants during a fire emergency Protected exits and access to exits Marking and illumination of exits and access to exits 46
47 Fire Detection and Alarm Automatic early fire detection Early warning to occupants of fire condition Supervisory staff notification Fire department notification 47
48 Fire Suppression Manual and automatic systems to control/extinguish fire Access for fire fighting 48
49 Retrofit Section 9.9 Hotels - January 10,
50 Section 9.9. Contents Subsections Application Containment Means of Egress Fire Alarm and Detection Suppression 50
51 Application of Section 9.9 Hotels Section 9.9 applies to every hotel establishment (exceptions will be discussed) 51
52 Application of Section 9.9 Hotels Section 9.9 (Hotels) does not apply to buildings or parts thereof that satisfy the requirements of the Building Code as it read on or after July 1, 1993 (See Article ) 52
53 Exemption Section 9.9 does not apply to a hotel establishment where every building that contains a hotel is: one storey in building height, and not more than 300 m² in building area 53
54 Section 9.9 applies to all buildings since 4 or more guest suites individual cottages at least one building has a minimum 4 guest suites and exceeds one storey
55 Section 9.9 applies to all buildings since 400 m² and 4 guest suites individual cottages at least one building has a minimum 4 suites and exceeds 300 m² in building area
56 Section 9.9 does not apply here 3 guest rooms individual cottages as no building contains 4 or more suites (i.e. not a hotel)
57 Section 9.9 does not apply here 300 m² and 4 guest suites individual cottages as no building exceeds one storey or 300 m² in building area (Note: facility still meets definition of a hotel establishment)
58 Section 9.9 Does Not Apply To any building, or part of building, regulated by Section 9.2, 9.3, 9.5 or 9.6 on December 31, 2006 provided the use of the building is unchanged since that date To a major occupancy in a hotel building that is not under the control of the hotel operator provided the life safety of hotel occupants is not affected 58
59 Some Examples of Excluded Buildings Detached building such as: Staff house at a resort regulated by Section 9.3 or 9.5 B & B regulated by Section
60 Example of major occupancy not under the control of the hotel owner hotel restaurant hotel suites Section 9.9 is applicable hotel suites hotel suites hotel suites hotel suites Section 9.9 is not applicable leased office space by ABC Ltd hotel administration/services Section 9.9 is applicable
61 regardless of the exceptions Smoke alarms in guest suites, Major occupancy separations, and Smoke control measures still apply to all hotel establishments! 61
62 Example of exception applied to major occupancy not under the control of the hotel owner major occupancy fire separations are applicable hotel restaurant hotel suites hotel suites hotel suites hotel suites hotel suites leased office space by ABC Ltd hotel administration/services smoke control measures are applicable
63 Compliance with Part 9 Retrofit. - January 10,
64 Compliance Options Acceptable Solutions Division B Prescriptive requirement, or Approved alternative, or Life Safety Study Or Alternative Solution (Div A, Div B, Div C) 64
65 Acceptable Solutions Compliance Part 9 Compliance with Part 9 may be achieved by satisfying requirements within a specified compliance period (as prescribed in Subsection ), or implementing an approved Life Safety Study in accordance with Subsection Part 9 does not apply to buildings or parts thereof that satisfy the requirements of the Building Code (Note: for hotels, this means the Building Code as it read on or after July 1, 1993) 65
66 Acceptable Solutions Life Safety Study A proposal to the Chief Fire Official (CFO) that: identifies items not meeting retrofit describes how an acceptable level of life safety can otherwise be achieved indicates a time schedule to implement the provisions (note: no restrictions on compliance time) is prepared by an Architect or Engineer Must be approved by the CFO [see Clause (1)(b)] 66
67 Acceptable Solutions Alternative Compliance A requirement in Part 9 is deemed to be complied with where it is approved by the Chief Fire Official and will provide protection for life safety similar to the protection provided by the requirement 67
68 Compliance with Division B Article , Div. A Complying with acceptable solutions, or By using alternative solutions that Achieve the level of performance req d by applicable acceptable solution Do not contravene any other provision of Division B Have been approved and implemented (SS , Division C) 68
69 Alternative Solutions Division C, SS Must be submitted to Chief Fire Official for review and approval Supporting documentation (areas and level of performance) Additional check, inspection, test, maintenance or operational requirements, including commissioning Professional Engineer and/or Architect Maintain Records on site 69
70 O. Reg. effective date Compliance Dates (Section ) Requirements in Section 9.9 came into force on Jan. 1, 2007 for all hotel establishments The requirements of Section 9.9 have a 5-year phased in compliance schedule for specific requirements as prescribed in Section
71 July All Hotels Compliance by January 1, 2008: Prepare and retain an audit of existing building fire safety features including: - fire containment/control - fire detection - fire suppression - egress See (2)(a) 71
72 Building Audit The hotel owner must prepare and retain an audit of existing building fire safety features pertaining to: Fire Containment/Construction Fire Detection Fire Suppression Egress 72
73 Audit Guidelines Two hotel Audit Guidelines developed by OFM: One is comprehensive for all hotel establishment buildings The other is a condensed version specific only to small one-storey buildings 73
74 July All Hotels Compliance by July 1, 2008: Provide sufficient combustion air for fuel-fired appliance rooms Install smoke alarms in each guest suite See (2)(b) 74
75 All Hotels Compliance by January 1, 2010: Fire separate corridors serving guest suites Provide self-closing devices on interior guest suite entry doors See (2)(c) and (3) 75
76 All Hotels Compliance by January 1, 2010: Sprinklers in linen and refuse chutes At least two exits on floor areas of buildings exceeding 2 storeys Minimum distance separating exits See (2)(c) and (4)(c) 76
77 All Hotels Compliance by January 1, 2010: Fire detectors at top of elevator shafts and exit stairs Sprinklers in lieu of required fire detectors See (2)(c) and (4)(c) 77
78 All Hotels Compliance by January 1, 2012: Rated fire separation between major occupancies Fire dampers in ducts at fire separations, except in existing noncombustible ducts See (2)(d) and (4)(d) 78
79 All Hotels Compliance by January 1, 2012: Fire separation of vertical service spaces Smoke control measures in high buildings See (2)(d) and (4)(d) 79
80 All Hotels Compliance by January 1, 2012: Restrictions on use of dead-end corridors Voice communication system in high buildings See (2)(d) and (4)(d) 80
81 All Hotels Compliance by January 1, 2012: Access routes for fire fighting Firefighters elevator Emergency power supply to be standardized See (2)(d) and (4)(d) 81
82 Additional Impact Items for Pre- Sept. 1, 1971 Hotels Compliance by January 1, 2010: Separate hotel building from connected adjacent buildings Fire separate each guest suite from adjacent areas on same floor See (2)(c) and (4)(c) 82
83 Pre-Sept. 1, 1971 Hotels (continued) Compliance by January 1, 2010: Subdivide floor area with rated fire separation (for reduced minimum distance between exits) Limit maximum travel distance to an exit See (2)(c) and (4)(c) 83
84 Pre-Sept. 1, 1971 Hotels (continued) Compliance by January 1, 2010: Exit stairway to lead to a safe outside area Requirements for an exit through lobby Restrict use of exterior exit stairways and fire escapes above the 6 th storey See (2)(c) and (4)(c) 84
85 Pre-Sept. 1, 1971 Hotels (continued) Compliance by January 1, 2012: Floor assemblies to be fire separations Fire-rate floor assemblies in buildings to various fire-resistance rating based on storeys See (2)(d) and (4)(d) 85
86 Pre-Sept. 1, 1971 Hotels (continued) Compliance by January 1, 2012: Install smoke detectors in guest suite corridors in 4 storey combustible buildings Sprinkler combustible buildings if 5 storeys or over See (2)(d) and (4)(d) 86
87 Pre-Sept. 1, 1971 Hotels (continued) Compliance by January 1, 2012: Requirements for interconnected floor spaces Limits on lengths of dead-end corridors Standpipe and hose system in buildings over 3 storeys See (2)(d) and (4)(d) 87
88 Compliance Dates for Section 9.9 (some examples) Building audit Section 9.9 Requirements Smoke alarms in guest suites, etc. Self-closers on doors in fire separations, fire separation of corridors, etc. Voice communication systems, firefighters elevators, etc. Jan Jan July Jan Fire Code applies to hotels many requirements in Section 9.9 came into force
89 Existing For purposes of Section 9.9, the term existing means in existence on January 1, 2007 Applies to systems, materials and construction (i.e. walls and floors) Note: Does not limit the application of Section 9.9 to buildings in existence on this date 89
90 1994 Building Code Where the Building Code is referenced in Section 9.9, it means the 1994 edition of the Building Code 90
91 OFM Website for Hotel Owners See at: Hotel/Default.asp - January 10,
92 Provides: Link Link to to the the Fire Fire Code on on E-Laws A A Road Map to to the the Fire Fire Code, which includes an an explanation of of the the Fire Fire Code brief brief description of of contents of of the the Fire Fire Code and and how how they they are are applicable to to hotels Some definitions in in the the Fire Fire Code
93 Accesses: Communiques related to to hotels Q and and A s A s related to to hotels, i.e. i.e. Am Am I I a hotel? Does Does the the fire fire Code apply to to my my hotel? Etc. Etc.
94 Accesses: Graph showing examples of of requirement compliance times 4 Tables showing detailed compliance times of of requirements
95 Accesses Information Sessions, which includes :: Two Two types of of sessions (Overview or or Comprehensive) Booking sessions Scheduled information sessions
96 Accesses OFM Contact Information on on telephone queries web web queries (includes electronic form)
97 Additional Tools Explanatory Notes provides explanation or additional information on various Section 9.9 Articles Hotel Building Audit Guidelines Self-Guided Tour modules covering hotel requirements in the Fire Code 97
98 Questions? thank you! 98