Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/DE102014207507A1/en
Timestamp: 2019-11-13 03:03:59
Document Index: 3609332

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 12', 'art 12', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 12', 'art 12', 'art 12', 'art 12', 'art 12', 'art 12', 'art 12', 'art 6', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 12', 'art 12']

DE102014207507A1 - Cutting tool and method for producing a cutting tool - Google Patents
DE102014207507A1
DE102014207507A1 DE102014207507.6A DE102014207507A DE102014207507A1 DE 102014207507 A1 DE102014207507 A1 DE 102014207507A1 DE 102014207507 A DE102014207507 A DE 102014207507A DE 102014207507 A1 DE102014207507 A1 DE 102014207507A1
DE102014207507.6A
2014-04-17 Application filed by Kennametal Inc filed Critical Kennametal Inc
2014-04-17 Priority to DE102014207507.6A priority Critical patent/DE102014207507A1/en
2015-10-22 Publication of DE102014207507A1 publication Critical patent/DE102014207507A1/en
The cutting tool (2), in particular a drill carrier tool, has a monolithic base body (6) extending in an axial direction (10), which has a porous or lattice-shaped transverse structure (26) at least in a partial area, which is formed by a solid outer sheath (28). is surrounded. By this measure, the material requirement can be reduced while maintaining good mechanical properties. The porous or latticed core structure (26) is also used as a structure for the coolant transport. The base body (6) is produced in particular by means of a 3D printing process.
The invention relates to a cutting tool, in particular a rotary tool such as drills or cutters, with a monolithic base body extending in an axial direction. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a cutting tool.
Cutting tools, in particular drills usually have an axially extending clamping shank, which is followed by a usually grooved cutting part, which extends up to a front tool tip, in particular drill tip. In these cutting tools, which are also referred to as shank tools, coolant channels are often formed in the interior of the main body, as is known, for example, from US Pat EP 0 843 609 B1 can be seen.
In so-called solid carbide drills a monolithic body is formed as a sintered body. In the production of a metal powder is first prepared as sintered a green body, for example by pressing, which is then sintered. From the US 7,226,254 B2 shows a sintered base body, in which, in order to save sintered material in the region of the clamping shaft, a central recess is introduced into the green body before it is sintered. The sintered material thus obtained is used for the production of other tools.
Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to specify a cutting tool and a method for the production thereof, in which an efficient use of material with simultaneously good mechanical properties is ensured.
The object is achieved by a cutting tool with the features of claim 1. The cutting tool is in particular a rotary tool, such as a drill or a milling cutter. It comprises a monolithic base body extending in an axial direction, in which a non-solid core structure, which is surrounded by a solid outer jacket, is formed at least in an axial region extending in the axial direction. The outer sheath surrounds the non-massive core structure preferably with a constant wall thickness, for example, annular. Due to the non-massive in comparison to the massive outer shell core structure, a large part of the body is deliberately not solid, resulting in addition to saving material and a weight saving. Due to the special core structure with the massive outer shell structure at the same time a sufficiently large mechanical stability is achieved. Through the core structure while a kind of mechanical support structure is formed.
Of particular importance here is that the main body is a monolithic body. By this is meant that the main body, so in particular the combination of the core structure with the outer shell, is made of a single body, that is made of one piece and not composed of two or more parts, for example by welding, soldering, gluing or the like is.
By non-solid core structure it is generally understood that open areas are formed in the core structure in which no material is present.
The core structure is preferably either porous, lattice-shaped or bionic. Under porous is generally understood a structure in which individual pores are preferably confused, i. unstructured and undirected in the material of the core structure are formed. This can be either an open-pore structure or a structure with closed pores. In an open-pore structure, the core structure as a whole is permeable to a gas or a liquid, such as a coolant.
A lattice-like structure is understood as meaning a structure in which separate material-free regions, in particular channels, are present through partitions, usually in an ordered, for example periodic material structure. The individual channels preferably extend in the axial direction.
In contrast, a bionic structure is understood to mean an unordered, in particular non-periodic, arrangement of such partitions, in particular based on patterns from nature.
According to the invention, the production of the cutting tool by means of a method having the features of claim 12. Thereafter, it is provided that the base body is produced by means of a 3D printing process. 3D printing processes are now used in a wide variety of application areas. In these, a powdered starting material is basically processed in layers by a laser, so that the individual powder particles connect to form a solid, rigid body in layers, for example, merge or sinter. Due to the layered, layered structure, it is possible to easily form undercuts and complex geometry structures, which was not possible or only with considerable effort in previous conventional manufacturing processes. In the present case, the powdery starting material used is a metal powder having an average particle size in the range of 10 to 50 μm, for example. In particular, the material for the metal powder is a tool steel.
Accordingly, in the present case, this special method is provided for the formation of the special non-massive core structure, which enables the generation of very fine structures.
The cutting tool is either an overall monolithic tool with a tool tip integrated in the base body or, alternatively, a so-called carrier tool consisting of a carrier formed by the main body and a cutting element preferably reversibly interchangeable.
The cutting tool generally has at its front end a tool tip which itself is designed as a cutting element or in the region of which one or more cutting elements are arranged. The term "tool tip" is therefore understood to mean generally the front-end-side end region of the cutting tool, that is to say a front end region of the cutting tool. In the embodiment as a modular carrier tool, a replaceable cutting element (cutting insert) is attached to the base body. According to a preferred variant, the tool tip itself is formed as a replaceable cutting insert. This can be reversibly and interchangeably fastened, for example by means of fasteners such as screws or alternatively by a simple twisting by clamping on the body. For this purpose, it is held in particular clamping between two holding or clamping webs of the body. Alternatively, the carrier tool is formed with plate seats for attachment of (indexable) inserts. Here, the area of the insert seats is understood as a tool tip. In a non-modular, one-piece tool with, for example, the front-ground main cutting edges, a front end region with an axial length, for example in the region of a nominal diameter, is referred to as a tool tip.
Drills and routers are generally rotary tools. By this is meant that the cutting tool rotates in operation about a central axis, which also defines a rotation axis.
Another advantage of the core structure formed centrally in the base body is that it has a lower density than the solid annular outer shell. This results in a density distribution with greater density in the outer region, which leads to a more stable concentricity, especially in rotary tools. The core structure is preferably rotationally symmetrical and preferably circular, at least rotationally symmetrical with an at least two- to sechzähligen rotary geometry formed.
In view of a particularly high mechanical rigidity of the core structure, this is expediently designed as a honeycomb structure. This is therefore a special case of the grid-shaped core structure. The individual channels are hexagonal in cross section.
In the case of a grid-shaped core structure, for example a honeycomb structure, a plurality of longitudinally extending channels are formed. In this case, a plurality is understood to mean, in particular, that at least five, preferably at least eight, or even significantly more channels are incorporated. The individual channels expediently have a maximum channel width which is less than 0.5 mm and in particular less than 0.10 mm.
In the case of a porous core structure, this expediently has a porosity in the range of 5 to 90%. Compared to a massive solid, 5 to 90% of the volume is formed by pores. Preferably, the pores have on average a pore size which is in the range of 15 to 45 microns.
Conveniently, the core structure has a circular cross-section at least in one shaft part and is formed concentrically with the particular annular outer sheath. The core structure and the outer jacket are therefore formed coaxially to the center axis and in particular the axis of rotation.
Overall, the core structure covers a range of preferably about 5 to 80% of a total cross-sectional area of the body, in a circular core structure, this has a core radius, which is preferably in the range of 50 to 90% of an outer radius of the body. On the whole, a comparatively narrow outer edge forming peripheral solid edge is preferably formed with a constant wall thickness, which, however, is sufficiently dimensioned for the required mechanical loads, for example the clamping forces during clamping of the base body. Conveniently, the proportion of the core structure varies in the axial direction. Especially The proportion of the core structure differs between a front grooved cutting part and a rear shaft part. In the front snowing part, the proportion of the core structure in the lower region, for example in the range of 5-30% and in the upper part of the shaft, for example in the range of 40-80% based on the total cross-sectional area (recesses, such as flutes do not count) total cross-sectional area).
In an expedient embodiment, the core structure has a cross-sectional area which changes in the axial direction. Due to the special manufacturing process of 3D printing basically any structures can be formed. In the present case, this is exploited to the effect that a geometry of the core structure which is specially adapted to the basic body geometry is produced in different axial sections of the basic body. By varying the cross-sectional geometry, the mechanical properties can also be suitably adjusted at defined axial positions. In particular, highly stressed subregions are taken into account, for example by increasing the wall thickness of the solid outer shell in these subregions.
In a particularly expedient development, it is provided that massive struts are introduced in the direction of the center axis in the core structure, thereby achieving an additional improvement in rigidity. Such struts are expediently curved, for example, sickle-shaped, to initiate, for example, occurring at cutting edges, increased mechanical stresses in the body interior of the body. Conveniently, so many struts are introduced, as distributed around the circumference cutting are formed. In the case of two peripheral cutting edges, the two struts preferably merge into one another in the center axis and, for example, are wound overall in an approximately S-shape. The struts form, for example, a kind of spokes and spoked wheel. The struts have basically a wall thickness which is significantly greater than the normal wall thickness of the latticed core structure. It is for example a multiple of the normal wall thickness. Also preferably varies the wall thickness of the struts depending on their radial position, preferably continuously.
The main body usually has a shaft part as a clamping shank, with which it is clamped in a clamping device of a machine tool. The center axis of the cutting tool is oriented exactly coaxial with a rotational axis of the machine tool. To the shaft part is followed in the axial direction forward to a front cutting part, which is usually provided with flutes. These are either rectilinear or coiled running. In an expedient embodiment, the core structure is guided further from the shaft part into the cutting part, so that a continuous core structure is formed. In the shaft part, the core structure preferably has a circular cross-sectional geometry, which is converted into a changed geometry in the cutting part.
Conveniently, the core structure in the region of the grooved cutting part is elongated and formed transversely in a central region of the base body. Furthermore, it has widenings on both sides to the middle region. It is therefore considered a total of approximately bone-like in cross-section. Their opposite end regions are crowned or rounded, so that in particular the radially outer course of the core structure runs concentrically with the outer shell.
In a particularly expedient embodiment, the core structure is designed to be suitable for coolant line and extends from a rear end to a front end of the main body. For this purpose, a particularly conventional, standardized coolant connection is expediently formed at the rear end of the main body. This typically has a transverse groove into which a coolant is fed from the machine tool.
At the front end is either a coolant outlet from the body or a coolant transfer at an interface to a tool tip, in which then the coolant can be continued.
The cutting tool is formed on the whole in appropriate training as a carrier tool with at least one attachable to the main body cutting element, in particular a tool tip or cutting inserts. The main body is preferably made of a tool steel. In contrast, the cutting element is made of a harder material, for example of solid carbide or ceramic. It is fastened in particular as a reversibly detachable insert on the base body.
Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. These show partly in simplified representations:
1 A side view of a cutting tool designed as a modular carrier tool,
2 a sectional view through the cutting tool according to 1 along the section line AA,
3 a sectional view through the cutting tool according to 1 along the section line CC,
4 a sectional view through the cutting tool along the section line BB,
5 a sectional view of a grid-shaped core structure,
6 a sectional view of a bionic core structure in the region of the section line AA according to 1 such as
7 a sectional view of a bionic core structure in the region of the section line BB according to 1 ,
That in the 1 illustrated cutting tool 2 is designed as a modular drill tool. It has a tool tip 4 as a cutting element made of solid carbide or ceramic, which frontendseitig on a base body 6 reversibly attached exchangeable. Under tool tip in the present case is generally the front end-side end portion of the cutting tool 2 understood, so a front end portion of the cutting tool. In the embodiment of 1 This is through the interchangeable tool tip 4 educated. In a carrier tool with insert seats for fastening (indexable) inserts as cutting elements, the area of the insert seats is understood as a tool tip. In a non-modular, one-piece tool, a front end portion having an axial length becomes, for example, in the range of a nominal diameter of the cutting tool 2 referred to as a tool tip. In the embodiment of 1 is the tool tip 4 as a reversibly exchangeable insert between two clamping or holding webs 7 of the basic body 6 trapped.
The cutting tool 2 and thus also the basic body 6 as well as the tool tip 4 each extend along a central axis 8th from a rear end in an axial direction 10 to a front end. The center axis 8th at the same time defines an axis of rotation about which the cutting tool rotates in a rotational direction D during operation.
The main body 6 in turn is divided into a rear shaft part 12 with which the cutting tool 2 is held clamped in operation in a clamping part of a machine tool. To the shaft part 12 closes in the axial direction 10 one with flutes 14 provided cutting part 16 at. The flutes 14 run in the exemplary embodiment helically. The frontal tool tip 4 has main cutting edges 18 on, on the peripheral side usually in each case a secondary cutting edge 20 pass. These are in the cutting part 16 continued.
At the minor cutting edge 20 closes against the direction of rotation a Stützfase 24 at.
As follows from the 2 to 5 is explained, it is at the base body 6 around a monolithic body 6 however, which is not formed of a solid solid material, but rather at least in axial sub-areas of a non-massive core structure 26 having. In the shaft part 12 this is viewed in cross-section as a circular structure, as this particular 2 results. The core structure 26 in the shaft part 12 is preferably formed with a constant radius R 1 . It preferably extends at least almost over the entire length of the shaft part 12 in the manner of a cylinder. This cylindrical core structure 26 is from an outer jacket 28 surrounded, which - except for an incorporated from the outside flattening 30 - Is formed annular. The outer jacket 28 has a radius R 2 . The radius R 1 of the core structure 26 is preferably about 50 to 90% of outer radius R 2. The core structure 26 has a core cross-sectional area A1 and the cutting tool 2 a total cross-sectional area A2. This is defined by the area of the outer shell 28 is enclosed, including the surface of the outer shell 28 ,
At the rear end of the shaft part 12 this is optionally completed with a formed of solid material Stirnendplatte, ie the non-massive core structure 26 becomes only inside the shaft part 12 formed, without that it is recognizable from the back star side. In this massive Stirnendplatte a coolant transfer point is suitably formed and incorporated. In particular, a transverse groove with through holes to the core structure 26 introduced.
Similarly, in the embodiment, the core structure 26 also in the axial direction 10 in the end region of the shaft part 12 from a massive partition wall 32 limited, by the at least one, in the embodiment, two openings 34 passed through. Alternatively, the core structure 26 also completely and without intermediate wall 32 from the shaft part 12 in the cutting part 6 carried out. An intermediate wall 32 is especially in cutting tools 2 provided without internal coolant supply. A coolant supply is basically via the breakthroughs 34 in the cutting part 16 allows.
In the front area of the cutting tool 2 , ie in the area of the tool tip 4 is at least one exit point 35 designed for coolant or lubricant. Preferably, several exit points 35 formed, which are oriented for example on cutting areas, are formed in a front end face or are formed circumferentially. The exit point 35 may be formed in a conventional manner as a bore. However, it is preferably likewise embodied by means of the 3D printing method and has a complex geometry. The core structure 26 is preferably for the formation of the exit point 35 led to the outside. In the embodiment of 1 is an example of an exit point 35 in a peripheral wall 36 formed in the region of the tool tip and in particular as a porous structure. The exit point 35 is in the embodiment generally in the holding webs 7 integrated.
In the cutting part 16 itself becomes the core structure 26 continued ( 4 ). Because of the flutes 14 and the thereby changed circumferential geometry of the body 6 is cross-sectional geometry of the core structure 26 also adapted, in particular such that they are everywhere in about the same wall thickness of the outer shell 28 is enclosed. In particular, the core structure 26 in the cutting part 16 elongated and has a central region 37 on, which at both ends in widening 38 passes. These have on their outer edge an arcuate contour, so that they are concentric with the circumferential line of the body 6 run.
The core structure 26 is preferably formed homogeneously and uniformly over its entire cross-sectional area A1. Alternatively, additional struts may be formed in a manner not shown here. Separate coolant channels are in the embodiment of the 1 expediently not formed.
According to a first embodiment, the core structure is 26 formed as a porous structure. According to a second, in 5 illustrated embodiment is the core structure 26 in contrast, designed as a grid-like, in particular honeycomb-like structure. This has a plurality of individual in the axial direction 10 extending channels 40 on. In the 5 are shown schematically rectangular channels. The individual channels 40 are each by partitions 42 separated from each other. The partitions 42 preferably have only a small material thickness of, for example, less than 0.3 and in particular less than 0.15 mm. The individual channels 40 have a channel width W of usually less than 0.5 mm.
Further alternatives for the core structure 26 are in the 6 and 7 shown. In these embodiments, the core structure is 26 formed as a so-called bionic structure, in which - in contrast to the lattice-like structure according to 5 - the individual partitions 42 are disordered and follow no pattern, at least no periodic pattern.
In principle, there is the possibility that the different structures are combined with one another and, for example, are formed next to one another within a sectional plane. Alternatively, the structure varies in the axial direction 10 ,
Due to the special manufacturing process almost any combinations and variations are possible. In particular, are in the cutting part 16 and shank part 12 different structures, which differ in particular with regard to their porosity. For example, the cutting part points 16 a higher porosity than the shaft part 12 on or vice versa.
The production of the basic body 6 takes place with the help of a so-called 3D printing process. In this process, a metal powder is treated successively and thus position by laser treatment according to the desired cross-sectional geometry of the respective layer and fused or sintered into a coherent, monolithic part body. The respective cross-sectional contour of a respective layer is predetermined by the laser. Due to this 3D printing process, almost any and also complex and in particular also variable cross-sectional geometries can be formed. In particular, this is the to the 2 to 5 described core structure 26 with the massive surrounding outer jacket 28 educated. By this manufacturing process is the entire body 6 So formed as a one-piece, monolithic body. If necessary, this can be subjected to finishing processing after the 3D printing process.
The main body 6 consists preferably of a tool steel according to the DIN EN 10027 , for example with the material number 1.2709 and / or 1.2344.
EP 0843609 B1 [0002]
US 7226254 B2 [0003]
DIN EN 10027 [0053]
Cutting tool ( 2 ), in particular rotary tools such as drills or cutters, with an axial direction ( 10 ) extending monolithic body ( 6 ), characterized in that the basic body ( 6 ) at least in a sub-area a non-massive core structure ( 26 ) formed by a solid outer shell ( 28 ) is surrounded.
Cutting tool ( 2 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the core structure ( 26 ) is formed, optionally or in combination porous, latticed or bionic.
Cutting tool ( 2 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the core structure ( 26 ) is formed as a honeycomb structure.
Cutting tool ( 2 ) with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a porous core structure ( 26 ) has a porosity in the range of 5 to 90% and that in the case of a latticed core structure ( 26 ) has a plurality of longitudinally extending channels having a channel width (W) less than 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.10 mm.
Cutting tool ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core structure ( 26 ) has a circular cross-section.
Cutting tool ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core structure ( 26 ) 5 to 80% of a total cross-sectional area (A2) of the main body ( 6 ) covered.
Cutting tool ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core structure ( 26 ) in the axial direction ( 10 ) have different cross-sectional areas (A1).
Cutting tool ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the basic body ( 6 ) a shank part ( 12 ) and a front cutting part ( 16 ) each with a core structure ( 26 ) and the core structure ( 26 ) in particular starting from the shaft part ( 12 ) in the cutting part ( 16 ) is continued.
Cutting tool ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a grooved cutting part ( 16 ) and the core structure ( 26 ) in the region of the cutting part ( 16 ) across a central area ( 36 ) and on both sides of the central region ( 37 ) Broadening ( 38 ) having.
Cutting tool ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core structure ( 26 ) is designed to conduct coolant.
Cutting tool ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a carrier tool with a on the base body ( 6 ) fastenable cutting element ( 4 ), where the basic body ( 6 ) is made of a tool steel.
Method for producing a cutting tool, in particular a rotary tool such as a drill or a milling cutter, having an axial direction ( 10 ) extending monolithic body ( 6 ), characterized in that the basic body ( 6 ) is produced by means of a 3D printing process.
DE102014207507.6A 2014-04-17 2014-04-17 Cutting tool and method for producing a cutting tool Pending DE102014207507A1 (en)
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