Source: https://www.youscribe.com/catalogue/documents/ressources-professionnelles/bourse-et-finance/public-comment-egrpra3-american-bankers-insurance-association-541171
Timestamp: 2020-01-25 02:09:16
Document Index: 301275390

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 14', 'art 208', 'art 343', 'art 536', 'art 14', 'art 208', 'art 343', 'art 536', 'art 14', 'art 536', 'art 343', 'art 208', 'arts 14', '§ 14', '§ 14', '§ 305', '§ 1831']

Public Comment EGRPRA3, American Bankers Insurance Association - Bourse et finance
Public Comment EGRPRA3, American Bankers Insurance Association
1120 Connecticut avenue, NWWashington, DC 20036 202-663-5163AMERICAN BANKERS Fax: 202-828-4546INSURANCE ASSOCIATIONwww.thcabia.comA 1&nx ifthAMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIA1ION ABIA Officers Directors October 4, 2004 President,Thomas D. MumBancorpSouth Insurance Services Public Information Room Mr. Robert E. Feldman Vice President Office of the Comptroller of the Executive Secretary Thomas} CookCurrency Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation National City Insurance Groupth 250 E Street, S.W., Mailstop 1-5 550 17 Street, N.W. TreasurerPaul G. Petrylak Washington, D.C. 0418 Washington, D.C. 20429 Chase Insurance GroupAttention: Docket No. 0418 Attention: EGRPRA Burden Roger M. BeverageOklahoma Bankers Association Reduction Comment James R. BieryPennsylvania Bankers AssociationMs. Jennifer J. Johnson Regulation Comments John 1 BinderSecretary Office of Thrift Supervision Minnesota LifeBoard of Governors of the Federal 1700 G Street, N.W. Gary BurscvichAssurant Solutions Reserve Washington, D.C. 20552 W. GrecnagcBelva System Attention: Docket No. 2004-35 Bank of America20th Street and Constitution Avenue, Timothy J. King N.W. KeyBankWashington, D.C. 20551 Alan F. LiebowitzOMNIA Life (Bermuda) Ltd. Attention: Docket No. R-1206 Andrea J. LoughryMiller Loughryv Insurance Services, Inc. Re: EGRPRA Review Of Consumer Protection: Account/Deposit Michael 1). Moore Relationships And Miscellaneous Rules I iuntington ...
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1120 Connecticut avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 202-663-5163  Fax: 202-828-4546  www.thcabia.com
AMERICAN BANKERS INSURANCE ASSOCIATION  An e 1&nx ifth AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIA1ION ABIA Officers & Directors Octob 4, 2004 er President  Thomas D. Mum , BancorpSouth Insurance Services  Public Information Room Mr. Robert E. Feldman Vice President  Off he Com Thomas} Cook  Crirceen coyf tptroller of the F E e x d e e c r u a t l i v D e e S p e o c s r it e t I a n r s y u rance Corporation National City Insurance Group  u Treasurer  250 E Street, S.W., Mailstop 1-5 550 17 Street, N.W. Paul G. Petrylak  Chase Insurance Group  Washington, D.C. 0418 Washington, D.C. 20429 1 Roger M. Beverage  Attention: Docket No. 04 8 Attention: EGRPRA Burden Oklahoma Bankers Association  Reduction Comment James R. Biery  Pennsylvania Bankers Association  Ms. Jennifer J Johnson Regulation Comments . John 1'. Binder  Minnesota Life  Secretary Office of Thrift Supervision r B vich  AGsasuyranutr sScolutions  RBeosaerrdv oe f Governors of the Federal 1 W 7 a 0 s 0 h i G n g S t t o re n, e t, D . N C . . W 2 . 0 552 Belva W. Grecnagc  s Bank of America  2 S 0 y th t e St m r eet and Constitu ion Attention: Docket No. 2004-35 t Avenue, Timothy J. King  KeyBank  N.W. Alan F. Liebowitz  Washington, D.C. 20551 OMNIA Life (Bermuda) Ltd.  Attention: Docket No. R-1206 Andrea J. Loughry  Miller & Loughryv Insurance &  Services, Inc.  Re:	EGRPRA Review Of Consumer Protection: Account/Deposit Michael 1). Moore  Relationships And Miscellaneous Rules I iuntington Insurance Services  Paula Nelson  Dear Sir or Madam: Transamerica Capital, Inc.  Richard I.. Spickard  PNC: Insurance Senices, Inc.  The American Bankers Insurance Association' appreciates the opportunity Steven C. Terry  l burdens associat IN laitbieornnaila BInasnukr  ance Agency/I libernia  tdoi sccloomsumree nat nodn ctohnes cuommerp piarontceec tion regulation pred wiltgh attheed ibnys utrhaen fceed searlael s omu John M. Wepler  banking agencies in response to Section 305 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act 2 Marsh, Berry & Company, Inc.  I.. Gary Wright  Farmers & Merchants Bank  Staff Beth L. Climo Executive Director E. Kenneth Reynolds, CFP 9 Managing Director ' The American Bankers Insurance Association is a separately chartered trade association and non-AsKseovciiant eA .D iMreccKtoerc hnie profit affiliate of the American Bankers Association. ABIA's mission is to serve as a forum for long-term national strategy among banking organizations on insurance matters, to propose VAaslericei atGe. DBiarreton legislation and regulations that permit banking organizations to participate fully in the business of so ctor insurance, to protect all existing insurance powers of banking organizations, and to monitor insurance developments at the state level with the support of the nationwide network of state banking associations. 2 j The insurance sales and consumer protection regulation has been codified at 12 C.F.R. Part 14 (national banks); 12 C.F.R. Part 208 (state member banks); 12 C.F.R. Part 343 (state non-member banks); and 12 C.F.R. Part 536 (savings associations). Section 305 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act added a new Section 47 to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, which may be found at 12 U.S.C. 1831x.
As a threshold matter, we wish to commend the federal banking agencies for the manner in which the insurance sales disclosure and consumer protection regulation was promulgated. In particular, the federal banking agencies delayed the effective date of the regulation at the request of ABIA in order to give depository institutions adequate time to prepare for compliance. Additionally, the federal banking agencies responded to a series of questions posed by ABIA regarding the operation of the regulation, and even issued further clarification regarding the application of the regulation to renewals. These actions significantly facilitated our understanding of, and our compliance with, the regulation. On the other hand, as we noted in our comment letter on the proposed regulation, we believe that the federal banking agencies should narrow the scope of the regulation by excepting certain insurance products from the disclosure requirements imposed by the regulation. Such a revision not only would ensure that the regulation is targeted to insurance products with the potential for consumer confusion, but actually would reduce the potential for consumer confusion, and would reduce the compliance burden imposed on depository institutions. Our Proposal Insurance Products That Lack Investment Features Should Be Excluded From The Disclosure Requirements Imposed By The Regulation The term "insurance" is not defined in Section 305 of GLBA or the insurance sales disclosure and consumer protection regulation. Instead, the federal banking agencies have decided to look to conventional definitions, judicial interpretations and other federal laws to determine what is or is not an insurance product. The practical effect of this decision is that the regulation applies to a wide range of insurance products, even those that present little, if any, potential for consumer confusion with deposit or savings products. ABIA acknowledges that it is difficult to define the term insurance. Therefore, we do not advocate the inclusion of a specific definition of the term in the regulation. However, we do propose that the regulation be modified to provide that certain products are NOT insurance for purposes of the disclosure requirements imposed by the regulation. Since it is generally recognized that a regulatory agency responsible for implementing a statute may define an undefined term, it is clear that the federal banking agencies have the power to determine what is NOT insurance for purposes of the disclosure requirements. More specifically, we propose that the federal banking agencies determine that the disclosure requirements do not apply to insurance products that present little, if any, potential for consumer confusion. 3 The legislative history 3 The regulation requires institutions to provide consumers with written and oral insurance disclosures and credit disclosures, and to obtain an acknowledgment of these disclosures. These requirements appear in 12 C.F.R. Part 14.40 (national banks); 12 C.F.R. Part 208.84 (state member banks); 12 C.F.R. Part 343.40 (state non-member banks); and 12 C.F.R. Part 536.40 (savings associations).
accompanying Section 305 of GLBA indicates that many of the provisions in the section were based upon the Interagency Statement on Retail Sales of Nondeposit Investment Products. 4 That Statement was issued to help consumers distinguish between deposit products and non-deposit investment products, such as annuities and mutual funds. It is, however, difficult to imagine a situation in which a consumer could confuse products such as credit insurance, property and casualty insurance, long-term health care insurance, employee benefit products, and term life insurance with savings and deposit products. Such forms of insurance have no principal and interest features. They require a consumer to pay a fee, or premium, in exchange for some monetary benefit in the event of a specified occurrence. Therefore, providing the disclosure statements to consumers in connection with the sale of these forms of insurance actually may cause consumer confusion, and definitely adds to the compliance burden of depository institutions.
Credit Insurance Credit insurance, in particular, does not have the characteristics of a deposit product or an investment product. 5 Deposit and investment products involve the placement of a sum of money by a consumer with an institution in exchange for a certificate or some security that promises a rate of return on the funds, or has the potential for earning some return. In contrast, credit insurance involves the payment of a fee by a borrower in exchange for a promise by an insurance company to pay off the balance of a loan in the event a borrower dies or becomes disabled. Credit insurance, therefore, cannot be confused easily with a deposit or investment product. Additionally, lenders already provide consumers a disclosure in connection with credit insurance sales. Regulation Z, which implements the Truth-in-Lending Act (TILA), provides that the cost of credit insurance may be excluded from the required TILA disclosure if a lender separately discloses to the consumer that the insurance coverage is not required, provides the consumer with information about the cost of the insurance, and obtains an affirmative written request from the consumer to purchase the insurance. This existing TILA disclosure ensures that consumers are fully aware of the nature and terms of credit insurance.
Fixed Rate Annuities We also recommend that the regulation be modified to exclude fixed rate annuities from the investment risk disclosure. 6 Again, neither Section 305 nor the regulation defines what constitutes an "investment risk." In the context of insurance, however, the term has been defined to be "the possibility of a reduction
4 The Report accompanying the House version of Section 305 notes that "...Many of the provisions of this section are based on the Interagency Statement on Retail Sales of Non-deposit Products...." House Report 106-74, Part I, 106"' Congress, 1" Session, page 143. We define credit-related insurance to include credit life, health, accident or disability insurance and credit unemployment insurance. 6 12 C.F.R. Part 14.40(a)(3) (national banks); 12 C.F.R. Part 536.40(a)(3) (savings associations); 12 C.F.R. Part 343.40(a)(3) (state non-member banks); and 12 C.F.R. Part 208.84(a)(3) (state member banks).
in value of an insurance instrument resulting from a decrease in the value of the assets incorp 7 o rated in the investment portfolio underlying the insurance instrument." Fixed rate annuities present no such risk to a policyholder. A fixed-rate annuity is a contract between a policymaker and an insurer that requires a policyholder to pay either a lump sum or periodic payments to the insurer to establish the principal upon which the insurer guarantees the policyholder a fixed rate of return. In other words, with a fixed rate annuity, a policyholder faces no possibility of a reduction in the value of the contract; the return to the policyholder is guaranteed. The investment risk, if any, rests with the insurance company, which issues the guarantee. Therefore, making the investment risk disclosure to consumers can be confusing and misleading as to the actual type of risk associated with a fixed rate annuity. Furthermore, should an insurance company become insolvent, state guaranty funds would step in to protect annuity policies up to a certain amount (as much as $400,000 for individuals). Additionally, when Section 305 was enacted, Congress clearly signaled that the investment risk disclosure was required only in connection with variable annuities, not fixed annuities. The relevant part of Section 305 reads as follows: (A) IN GENERAL. - Requirements that the following disclosures be made orally and in writing before the completion of the initial sale ... (i) UNINSURED STATUS. (ii) INVEST MENT RISK. -In the case of a variable annuity or other insurance product which involves an investment risk, that there is an investment risk associated with the product, including possible loss of value. ... (emphasis added) Clearly, if Congress intended the disclosure to apply to fixed rate annuities, it would have said so. Since it did not, the federal banking agencies should not require the investment risk disclosure in connection with fixed rate annuities. A more detail discussion of this issue is contained in the attached brief, which ABIA submitted to the federal banking agencies on April 16, 2002. Conclusion ABIA appreciates the opportunity to propose the exclusion of certain insurance products from the disclosure requirements imposed by the insurance sales disclosure and consumer protection regulation. We believe such an exclusion is not only consistent with the intent of the regulation, but also will reduce consumer confusion and the compliance burden on depository institutions. Sincerely,
Barron's Dictionary of Insurance Terms.
Beth Climo Executive Director
AMERICAN BANKERS  INSURANCE ASSOCIATION  An NItEE SNx A.NIF.RICAN BANREBS.15SOCIATION Beth L. Climo Executive Director bc1imc a aba.com
1120 Connecticut Avenue, NW Wa,hington, DC 20036 202-663-5163 Fax: 202-828-4546 www.thcabia.com
April 16, 2002 J. Virgil Mattingly, Jr. Carolyn J. Buck General Counsel Chief Counsel Board of Governors of the Office of Thrift Supervision Federal Reserve System 1700 G Street, NW 20 i and C Streets, NW Washington, DC 20552 Washington, DC 20551 Julie L. Williams William F. Kroener, III First Senior Deputy Comptroller and General Counsel Chief Counsel Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 550 17`' Street, NW 250 E Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20429 Washington, DC 20219 Dear Sir or Madam: During the past few months, the American Bankers Insurance Association (ABIA) has met with personnel from each of your agencies to discuss what we believe to be an inaccurate and misleading "investment risk" disclosure under the agencies' Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) section 305 rules in the case of fixed-rate annuities. We thank you for the time and attention of your agencies on this issue and appreciate the sympathetic reception we believe we have received to our concerns. Now, ABIA officially requests a clarification of the bank-insurance rules issued under section 305 of GLBA regarding the applicability of the "investment risk"/"may lose value" disclosure to fixed-rate annuities and similar products that carry no investment risk. As we have discussed, the section 305 rules require that the various disclosures be made "except to the extent the disclosure would not be accurate." While it is our legal opinion that the "investment risk" disclosure of section 305 is NOT accurate in the case of fixed-rate annuities and therefore need not be given, we are reluctant to provide such advice to our members since the agencies' earlier Interagency Statement on Retail Sales of Nondeposit Investment Products and certain pronouncements thereunder suggest the contrary. Section 305 provides consumer protections, including certain disclosures, for bank sales of insurance. It is contrary to that consumer protection objective to provide a disclosure that is inaccurate and misleading. As described in the enclosed analysis, we believe it is inaccurate, misleading and confusing to customers in the case of fixed-rate annuities to represent that "there is an investment risk associated with the product, including possible loss of value" when, in fact, that is not the case. Indeed, most fixed-rate annuities offered in today's bank insurance marketplace have contractually guaranteed rates of return.
Further, providing such an inaccurate disclosure for products where there is no "investment risk (e.g., fixed-rate annuities) lessens the consumer protection " value of the disclosure with respect to products that have "investment risk" (e.g., variable annuities) by failing to assist consumers in distinguishing the relative risks of these products. Thus, we believe it is imperative that the agencies make clear that the "investment risk" disclosure is not required in connection with sales of fixed-rate annuities or other products that have no investment risk.
James T. McIntyre, Jr., Esq. Chrys D. Lemon, Esq.
INVESTMENT RISK ASSOCIATED WITH FIXED-RATE ANNUITIES
The federal consumer protection regulations issued pursuant to Section 305 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act' require a "covered person" (a depository institution or a person selling on its behalf) to provide consumers with certain disclosures in connection with the sale of an insurance product or annuity. One of the disclosures a covered person must provide is the following disclosure concerning investment risk: "In the case of an insurance product or annuity that involves an investment risk, there is investment risk associated with the product, including the possible loss of value." 2 (emphasis added) This disclosure must be made "except to the extent the disclosure would not be accurate." 3 The American Bankers Insurance Association (ABIA) believes it would 4 not be accurate to disclose that fixed-rate annuities involve an investment risk. Moreover, the plain language of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act states that the investment risk disclosure is required only in connection with variable annuities. Nevertheless, since this is an important issue for ABIA and because earlier regulatory pronouncements suggest such a disclosure must be provided, we respectfully request that the federal financial regulators clarify that the investment risk disclosure is not required in connection with the sale of fixed-rate annuities or other types of products that have no investment risk, such as single-premium whole life or term life insurance products.
See 12 C.F.R. Parts 14; 208; 343; and 536. See, e.g., 12 C.F.R. § 14.40(a)(3). See, e.g., 12 C.F.R. § 14.40(a).
SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS To require that covered persons make the investment risk disclosure in connection with the sale of fixed-rate annuities fails to distinguish the different risks inherent in fixed-rated annuities and variable annuities and misleads consumers with respect to the type of risk actually associated with fixed-rate annuities. Such an interpretation also is contrary to the plain language of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, in which Congress said that the consumer protection regulations only require that the investment risk disclosure be provided "[i]n the case of a variable annuity or other insurance product which involves an investment risk "s (emphasis added) The legislative history confirms this plain reading of the statute. Not all annuities have investment risk. The term "investment risk" characterizes a policyowner's risk of losing all or part of the principal invested in an annuity and/or accumulated income because of market fluctuations. (The annuity "may lose value " , including the loss of principal.) In the case of annuity products, such risk is associated only with variable annuities, for which part (if not all) of a policyowner's return on his or her investment is directly related to how the policyowner invests the principal and earnings from the annuity, which could include a loss of principal. Fixed-rate annuities typically have guaranteed minimum returns together with guaranteed return of principal features; accordingly, they have no investment risk. Consequently, the only risk the consumer faces is insolvency risk (the issuer experiencing financial difficulties and being unable to meet its contractual obligations). ANALYSIS What is "investment risk?" The term "investment risk" is not defined in statute, but the United States Supreme Court has said that under a fundamental canon of statutory construction, "unless ot"he 6 rw T i h s e e c d o ef m in m ed o , n words will be interpreted as taking their ordinary, contemporary, common meaning. meaning of "investment risk" is "the risk arising out of price fluctuations for a whole securities market, for an industrial group, or for an individual security, regardless of the financial abi1'ty of particular issuers to pay the promised or expected investment returns."i (emphasis added) Within the context of insurance and annuities, investment risk has been defined as "the possibility of a reduction in value of an insurance instrument resulting from a decrease in the value of the assets incorporated in the investment portfolio underlying the insurance instrument."s Investment risk is only a very small subset of the universe of risk. Distinctions between how types of risk are characterized are important in the financial world. For example, both variable annuities and fixed-rate annuities are subject to "insolvency risk." "Insolvency risk," which is also commonly referred to as "financial risk" or "repayment (credit) risk," is very different from "investment risk." Insolvency risk has been defined as the risk that "arises because the issuers of investments may run into financial difficulties and not be able to live up to their promises or expectations." In the annuities context, insolvency risk is the risk to a policyowner that an annuity provider will be unable to satisfy future guaranteed annuity payments because it is experiencing financial difficulties. Barron's also lists several other types of risks that contribute to the universe of financial risk but that are not considered to be investment risk. They include:
° "Fixed-rate annuities" are sometimes called "fixed annuities." 5 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act § 305, adding section 47(c)(1)(A)(ii) to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. § 1831x(c)(1)(A)(ii)). 6 Perrin v. United States, 444 U.S. 37, 42 (1979); see FDIC v. Meyer, 510 U.S. 471, 476 (1994). 7 G. Victor Hallman & Jerry S. Rosenbloom, Personal Financial Planning 186 (5` 6 ed. 1993) [hereinafter "Hallman & Rosenbloom"]. s Barron's Dictionary of Insurance Terms 4` 00). 9 Hallman & Rosenbloo m, supra note 7, at ( 18 s 6 e . d. 20
  actuarial risk (the "risk an insurance underwriter covers in exchange for premiums, such as the risk of premature death");   exchange risk (the "chance of loss on foreign currency exchange");   inflation risk (the "chance that the value of assets or of income will be eroded as inflation shrinks the value of a country's currency");   interest rate risk (the "possibility that a fixed-rate debt instrument will decline in value as a result of a rise in interest rates");   inventory risk (the "possibility that price changes, obsolescence, or other factors will diminish the value of inventory");   liquidity risk (the "possibility that an investor will not be able to buy or sell a commodity or security quickly enough or in sufficient quantities because buying or selling opportunities are limited");   political risk (the "possibility of nationalization or other unfavorable government action"); and   underwriting risk (the "risk taken by an investment banker that a new issue of securities purchased outright will not be bought by the public and/or that the market price will drop during the offering period"). io
Barron's Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms 5 th ed. 1998).
Variable annuities: the policyowner is subject to some investment risk. Variable annuities subject the policyowner to investment risk, because some of the policyowner's funds are allocated to one or more separate accounts, which bear the risk of the underlying investments held in the account. Those funds are subject to the sole investment authority of the policyowner; the insurer has no investment authority and no obligation with respect to the management of those funds. With respect to those funds, an owner of a variable annuity has the ability to: choose from among several different investment funds [(sub-accounts)] with regard to where he or she wishes to place the annuity premiums. The annuity owner also usually has the option of moving the annuity contributions and/or cash values among the various investment funds offered at reasonable intervals.... Thus, under this kind of annuity the annuity owner has considerable investment flexibility among the various annuity funds offered.... [W]ith variable annuities the investment risks also reside with the annuity owner. In other words, with the flexibility goes the risk." (emphasis added) Consequently, a policyowner bears the potential risk of loss of principal from investing in a fluctuating market, such as the stock market - that is, investment risk. If the separate account performs poorly, the policyowner risks losing earnings and potentially the principal. 12 Fixed-rate annuities: the policyowner does not face investment risk because the return on the annuity is not subject to market fluctuations. A fixed-rate annuity is a contract between a policyowner and an insurer that requires a policyowner to pay either a lump sum or periodic payments to the insurer to establish the "principal," from which the insurer guarantees the policyowner a fixed rate of return.' 3 The insurer allocates all of the principal invested by the policyowner to a general account, and, in return, makes guaranteed periodic payments to the annuitant out of the insurer's earnings from its investment portfolio held in the general account. In a fixed-rate annuity: the cash value accumulation (or the annuity income) is a stated dollar amount that is guaranteed by the insurance company and on n osenbloom, su note 7, at 391. 2 I H d. a llatm 3a9n3 .& R pra 13 David Shapiro & Thomas F. Streiff, Annuities 3-4 (1997).
which (or with respect to the annuity income) the insurer pays a specified or determinable rate of interest. In effect, it is a fixed-dollar, guaranteed-principal kind of investment medium that is in some ways analogous to CDs. The investment authority and investment risk are on the insurance company because it is the insurer that guarantees the cash value (or annuity income) and specifies the interest rate currently being paid on cash value 14 accumulations.
Consequently, unlike variable annuities, fixed-rate annuities have no "investment risk," because the payout is guaranteed by the insurer/issuer as part of its general account obligations. In summary, a fixed-rate annuity, with its guaranteed payout, is distinguishable from a variable annuity. While both are subject to insolvency risk, only variable annuities pose investment risk to the annuity purchaser. This distinction is one of the principal differences between fixed-rate annuities and variable annuities.
The Gramm Leach-Bliley Act's plain language requires the investment risk disclosure only for variable annuities. The provision in the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act that directed the federal financial regulators to issue consumer protection regulations indicates that Congress understood that only variable annuities are subject to investment risk. Specifically, Congress directed the federal agencies to include in the consumer protection regulations only the following disclosure concerning investment risk: "In the case of a variable annuity or other insurance product which involves an investment risk, that there is an investment risk associated with the product, including possible loss of value.." 17 (emphasis added) The House Report on H.R. 10 confirms that Congress intended that the investment risk disclosure only be provided for variable annuities: Section 307 [codified as Section 305 in the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act] directs the Federal banking regulators to issue final consumer protection regulations.... Such regulations shall include: Oral and written disclosures stating that the applicable insurance product is not FDIC insured; in the case of a variable annuity, that the product may involve an investment risk and may lose value .... 16 (emphasis added) Congress, accordingly, was cognizant of the important differences in the principal types of risks actually associated with variable annuities and fixed-rate annuities. If Congress had wanted fixed-rate
4 Hallman & Rosenbloo m, supra note 7, at 391. 5 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act  305, adding  47(c)(l)(A)(ii) to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C.  1831x(c)(1)(A)(ii)). 6 H.R. Rep. No. 106-74, Part III, commentary on Sec. 307.