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Subscriber unit for managing dual wireless communication links - IPR LICENSING, INC.
United States Patent 9420632
A technique for communication with a local area network (LAN) via a wireless connection determines whether a first short-range, high-speed, wireless communication path is available and connects to the LAN using a longer range, lower speed wireless communication path if the short-range, high-speed wireless communication path is not available. The low-range, high-speed wireless communication path is a wireless communication path is a wireless LAN connection such as an IEE 802.11-compliant wireless LAN and the long-range, low-sped wireless communication mode is a cellular CDMA-type connection. Determining whether the first IEEE 802.11 mode is available can be done by detecting a beacon signal, or transmitting a probe request message and detecting a probe response message in response to the probe request, indicating the presence or availability of the short-range, high-speed wireless communication path. Alternatively, the availability of short-range, high-speed wireless communication path can be detected by simply detecting activity on it.
Gorsuch, Thomas E. (Merritt Island, FL, US)
13/753149
IPR LICENSING, INC. (Wilmington, DE, US)
H04M1/00; H04B7/26; H04L12/28; H04W48/18; H04W88/06; H04W72/02
455/553.1, 455/552.1
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This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/615,098 filed Nov. 9, 2009; which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/326,809 filed Jan. 6, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,616,970 issued Nov. 10, 2009. U.S. application Ser. No. 11/326,809, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,616,970 issued Nov. 10, 2009 is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/358,082 filed Feb. 3, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,013,162 issued Mar. 14, 2006 and a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/341,528 filed Jan. 13, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,024,222 issued Apr. 4, 2006, U.S. application Ser. No. 10/358,082 filed Feb. 3, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,013,162 issued Mar. 14, 2006 and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/341,528 filed Jan. 13, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,024,222 issued Apr. 4, 2006, are both continuations of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/400,136 filed Sep. 21, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,526,034 issued Feb. 25, 2003. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated by reference herein.
1. A subscriber unit comprising: a processor configured to select, based on a presence of first user data, a subset of a plurality of code division multiple access (CDMA) physical channels available for transmission of user data from the subscriber unit to a cellular network; a cellular transceiver configured to use the selected subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels to transmit the first user data from the subscriber unit to the cellular network; and an IEEE 802.11 transceiver, wherein the processor is further configured to maintain a communication session with the cellular network when the plurality of CDMA physical channels are not in use for the transmission of user data from the subscriber unit to the cellular network, and while the IEEE 802.11 transceiver transmits second user data to an IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network.
2. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the first user data and the second user data are transmission control protocol and Internet protocol (TCP/IP) packet data.
3. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the communication session is a transmission control protocol (TCP) layer session, an Internet protocol (IP) layer session, or a network layer session.
4. The subscriber unit of claim 1, further comprising: a detector configured to detect the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network; and a circuit configured to select the IEEE 802.11 transceiver in response to the detector detecting the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network.
5. The subscriber unit of claim 4, wherein the detector is configured to detect a beacon frame or a probe response frame received by the IEEE 802.11 transceiver from the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network.
6. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the selected subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels comprises a first CDMA physical channel having first transmission parameters and a second CDMA physical channel having second transmission parameters, and wherein the first transmission parameters differ from the second transmission parameters.
7. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the cellular transceiver is further configured to transmit the first user data to the cellular network via a sub-frame that includes a sequence number and a data portion.
8. The subscriber unit of claim 7, wherein the cellular transceiver is further configured to receive an indication of a missing sub-frame and to retransmit the missing sub-frame.
9. The subscriber unit of claim 7, wherein the sub-frame further includes an indication of a position of the sub-frame within a frame.
10. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the second user data is communicated to the Internet via the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network, and not via the cellular network.
11. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the IEEE 802.11 transceiver is configured to connect automatically to the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network when such a connection is possible.
12. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the selected subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels includes two or more CDMA physical channels.
13. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to select the subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels based on a size of the first user data.
14. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to select the subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels based on a desired data transfer rate.
15. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the cellular transceiver is further configured to loop back synchronous data bits to the processor to enable the processor to maintain the communication session with the cellular network.
16. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of CDMA physical channels available for transmission of user data from the subscriber unit to a cellular network is defined at least by a CDMA code.
17. The subscriber unit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of CDMA physical channels available for transmission of user data from the subscriber unit to a cellular network are orthogonal to each other.
18. A method for use in a subscriber unit, the method comprising the subscriber unit: selecting, based on a presence of first user data, a subset of a plurality of code division multiple access (CDMA) physical channels available for transmission of user data from the subscriber unit to a cellular network; using the selected subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels to transmit the first user data to the cellular network; and maintaining a communication session with the cellular network when the plurality of CDMA physical channels are not in use for the transmission of user data from the subscriber unit to the cellular network, and while transmitting second user data to an IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first user data and the second user data are transmission control protocol and Internet protocol (TCP/IP) packet data.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the communication session is a transmission control protocol (TCP) layer session, an Internet protocol (IP) layer session, or a network layer session.
21. The method of claim 18, further comprising the subscriber unit: detecting the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network; and selecting the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network in response to detecting the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein detecting the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network comprises receiving a beacon frame or a probe response frame from the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network.
23. The method of claim 18, wherein the selected subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels comprises a first CDMA physical channel having first transmission parameters and a second CDMA physical channel having second transmission parameters, wherein the first transmission parameters differ from the second transmission parameters.
24. The method of claim 18, further comprising the subscriber unit: transmitting the first user data to the cellular network via a sub-frame that includes a sequence number and a data portion.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising the subscriber unit: receiving an indication of a missing sub-frame from the cellular network; and retransmitting the missing sub-frame.
26. The method of claim 24, wherein the sub-frame further includes an indication of a position of the sub-frame within a frame.
27. The method of claim 18, wherein the second user data is communicated to the Internet via the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network, and not via the cellular network.
28. The method of claim 18, further comprising the subscriber unit: automatically connecting with the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network when such a connection is possible.
29. The method of claim 18, wherein the selected subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels includes two or more CDMA physical channels.
30. The method of claim 18, wherein the selecting a subset further comprises the subscriber unit: selecting the subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels based on a size of the first user data.
31. The method of claim 18, wherein the selecting a subset further comprises the subscriber unit: selecting the subset of the plurality of CDMA physical channels based on a desired data transfer rate.
32. The method of claim 18, further comprising the subscriber unit: looping back synchronous data bits to the subscriber unit to enable the subscriber unit to maintain the communication session with the cellular network.
33. The method of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of CDMA physical channels available for transmission of user data from the subscriber unit to a cellular network is defined at least by a CDMA code.
34. The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality of CDMA physical channels available for transmission of user data from the subscriber unit to a cellular network are orthogonal to each other.
Unfortunately, in wireless environments, access to channels by multiple subscribers is expensive and there is competition for them. Whether the multiple access is provided by the traditional Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) using analog modulation on a group of radio carriers, or by newer digital modulation schemes that sharing of a radio carrier using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), the nature of the cellular radio spectrum is such that it is a medium that is expected to be shared. This is quite dissimilar to the traditional environment for data transmission, in which the wireline medium is relatively inexpensive to obtain, and is therefore not typically intended to be shared.
It would therefore be desirable to have a device which can automatically select the cheaper and faster W-LAN when possible, e.g., when within its range, and to resort to the long range cellular network when access to the W-LAN is not possible or practical. Previously, two devices would have been required, one for accessing the WLAN and one for accessing the long range network. At best, these two devices could fit into two slots in, for example, a laptop computer, requiring the user to select, either through software or hardware, which device, and hence, which network to access. The user might typically then have to disconnect one of the devices to install the other, and manually reconfigure the computer.
In one embodiment, the first wireless communication path comprises a wireless LAN connection, preferably using carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSWCA), preferably according to the IEEE 802.11 specification. The second wireless communication path comprises a cellular connection. Access costs associated with the first wireless communication path are smaller than access costs associated with the second wireless communication path. Preferably, access to the first wireless communication path is essentially free, excluding expenses such as set-up and maintenance costs, while access to the second wireless communication path can be subscription-based.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system in which a portable device such as a laptop computer making use of a protocol converter according to the invention to connect to a computer network over a wireless cellular link.
The channels 30 represent one or more relatively slower communication channels, such as operating at a 9.6 kbps rate typical of voice grade communication. These communications channels may be provided by a single wide bandwidth CDMA carrier such as having a 1.25 MegaHertz bandwidth, and then providing the individual channels with unique orthogonal CDMA codes. Alternatively, the multiple channels 30 may be provided by single channel communication media such as provided by other wireless communication protocols. However, what is important is that the net effect multiple channels 30 represent multiple communication channels that may be adversely effected by significant bit error rates that are unique to each link 30.
It should be understood that another assumption is that the individual channels 30-1, 30-2 . . . 30-N may experience different bit error rate levels both over time and in an average sense. Although each of the channels 30 may operate quite similarly, given the statistical nature of errors, identical behavior of all of the channels 30 is not assumed. For example, a specific channel 30-3 may receive severe interference from another connection in a neighboring cell, and be capable of providing only a 10−3 bit error rate whereby other channels 30 may experience very little interference.
The input frame 50 is first divided into a set of smaller pieces 54-1, 54-2. The size of the individual pieces 54 are chosen based upon the optimum subframe size for each of the channels 30 available. For example a bandwidth management function may make only a certain number of channels 30 available at any time. A subset of the available channels 30 is selected, and then the optimum number of bits for each subframe intended to be transmitted over respective one of the channels, is then chosen.
Thus, as illustrated in the figure, a given frame 54-1 may be divided into pieces associated with four channels. At a later time, there may be nine channels 30 available for a frame, with different optimum subframe sizes for the piece 54-2.
The sequence numbers 58d of the remaining frames 56 are then stripped off and used to determine whether any subframes 56 are missing. Missing subframes 56 can be detected by comparing the received sequence numbers 58d. If a sequence number is missing, it is assumed that the associated subframe 56 was not received properly. It should be understood that appropriate buffering of data and subframes 56 is typically required in order to properly receive the subframes 56 and determine if there are any missing sequence numbers depending upon the transmission rates, number of channels 30 and propagation delays in effect.
Once all of the subframes 56 are received, the position number 58a is used to arrange the data from the subframes 56 in the proper order to construct the output received frame 60.
FIG. 5 illustrates a short range, high speed wireless LAN (W-LAN) overlapping with a longer range, lower speed wireless cellular communication network (“long range network”). Specifically, within the longer range, lower speed system, which may be a digital cellular mobile telephone system, there are multiple long range regions or “cells” 601 and 603 which provide coverage throughout a given physical area. The range or coverage for each cell 601, 603 is on the order of, for example, greater than one mile radius.
Because communication within the short range wireless LAN 613A or 613B is faster and less expensive as compared to the long range network, it is desirable to communicate using the short range path, i.e., the W-LAN protocol, rather than the more costly long range network, when a user's computer terminal 615 is within range of a WLAN base station 611, i.e., within the region of coverage 613A, 613B.
On the other hand, it is desirable that a terminal such as terminal 617, which is not within range of a wireless LAN base station 611, automatically communicate through the long range network's base station 605. Thus it is a primary feature of the present invention that a terminal such as 615 or 617 detects the presence or availability of a wireless LAN hub 611A or 611B, such as an IEEE 802.11-compliant W-LAN hub. This can be done in several ways. For example, IEEE 802.11 specifies that a beacon frame should be transmitted at regular intervals. A terminal 615, 617 can detect the beacon frame by waiting a minimum period of time equal to the beacon interval. See, for example, Geier, J., Wireless LANs, pages 137 and 149, (Macmillan Technical Publishing, 1999), incorporated herein by reference, which describes how a W-LAN beacon signal is formatted.
The subscriber unit 101 itself preferably consists of an interface 120, a CDMA protocol converter 130 that performs various functions including spoofing 132 and bandwidth management 134 as described earlier, a CDMA transceiver 140, a W-LAN protocol converter 230, a W-LAN transceiver 240, a W-LAN detection circuit 201, path selection switches 211A, 211B, and a subscriber unit antenna 150. The various components of the subscriber unit 101 may be realized in discrete devices or as an integrated unit. For example, an existing conventional computer interface 120 such as the PCMCIA, ISA bus, PC1 bus, or any other computer interface may be used together with existing transceivers 140, 240. In this case, the unique functions are provided entirely by the protocol converters 130, 230 which may be sold as separate devices, the W-LAN detection circuit 201 and the mode selection switches 211A, 211B.
Continuing to refer to FIG. 6 briefly, in the long range, lower data rate mode, the spoofing function 132 involves having the CDMA transceiver 140 loop back synchronous data bits to spoof the terminal equipment 110 into believing that a sufficiently wide wireless communication link 160 is continuously available. However, wireless bandwidth is allocated only when there is actual data present from the terminal equipment to the CDMA transceiver 140. Therefore, the network layer need not allocate the assigned wireless bandwidth for the entirety of the communications session.
That is, when data is not being presented upon the terminal equipment to the network equipment, the bandwidth management function 134 deallocates initially assigned radio channel bandwidth 160 and makes it available for another transceiver and another subscriber unit 101.
If, on the other hand, a W-LAN is detected, switches 211A and 211B are switched to the position shown to utilize the W-LAN protocol converter 230 and transceiver 240, which are preferably IEEE 802.11-compliant. Note that the path switches 211A; 211B may be implemented in software or hardware, or a combination of hardware and software. Other functions may also be implemented in hardware and/or software which may further be shared by the W-LAN and CDMA sections where appropriate.
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