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IS 4873-1 (2008): Methods of laboratory testing of wood preservatives against fungi and borers (powder post beetles) : Part 1 Determination of threshold values of wood preservatives against fungi [CED 9: Timber and Timber Stores]
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y. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002
MANAK SHAVAN.IS 4873 (Part 1) : 2008
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METHODS OF LABORATORY TESTING OF WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST FUNGI AND BORERS (POWDER POST BEETLES)
PART 1 DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLD VALUES OF WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST FUNGI
ICS 71.
For the purpose of dec iding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with.
. The other part of the standard is: IS 4873 (Part 2) : 2008 Part 2 Determination of threshold values of wood preservatives against borers (powder post beetles)
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A. the final value. ex. additionally incorporating Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. CED 9
FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part I) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards. Based on the experience gained in the use of the standard. as a test fungi for preparation of test culture.Timber and Timber Stores Sectional Committee. the standard has been brought out in two parts in view of requests for incorporation of method of laboratory testing of wood preservatives against borers (powder post beetles). after the draft finalized by the Timber and Timber Stores Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised) ' . In its present revision. Details of preservatives . have been covered in IS 401 : 2001 'Preservation of timber . observed or calculated.Code of practice (fourth revision)'. methods of preservative treatment of timber. expressing the result of a test or analysis. etc. Fries) Murr. the first revision of the standard was brought out in 1993. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard . The standard was first published in 1968 and covered the methods for the laboratory testing of wood preservatives against fungi.
Distilled water about 9 times the volume of the blocks shall be poured into the beakers.2 The blocks shall then be dried in an oven at I OOee to I05 ee to a constant mass (WJ Twelve blocks shall be treated with each concentration of the preservative .IS 4873 (Part 1) : 2008
1 SCOPE This standard (Part I) lays down the method for the laboratory det erminatio of threshold value of wood preservatives against fungi by means of soil block and Kolle flask methods. The test blocks shall be made of sizes 19 mm x 19 mm x 19 mm with a 3. free from knots . The beaker will be taken out and covered with a lid to prevent the evaporation of the preservative solution.
.2 mm central hole on the tangential face and the feeder blocks 4 mm x 19 mm x 35 mm along the length of the grain. in g.4 Treatment Procedure The blocks. 2. The preservative solution shall then be run into the beaker completely covering the blocks . The failure to protect against decay is determined by the amount of weight loss in the treated wood block . 6 blocks shall be exposed for 14 days at 50e e except for 2 h period on each of the first nine days. when they shall be leached at room temperature.2.1 The test blocks as well as the feeder blocks shall be made from all sapwood portion of chir (Pinus roxburghii) and mango (Mangifera indica) .2. shall be placed in a' desiccator connected to a manometer and a suction pump . 2.1 Principle Blocks of wood are impregnated with d ifferent concentration of preservatives. in em' . Leaching shall start 3 days after treatment of the blocks with oil-type preservatives and 14 days after treatment with water-borne type preservatives. 2. they are exposed to the action of one or more wood destro ying fungi.2 Preparation of Test Sample 2. and
V= volume of the test block. kept in a beaker under a weight to prevent floating. A partial vacuum (60 mm mercury) shall be created in the desiccator for 30 min . and after selected period of weathering.WI)' in g. 2 SOIL BLOCK METHOD 2.5 Calculation of Retention Value The amount of preservative solution absorbed by block (retention value in g/cm') shall be calculated as follows: Retention (R)
g/cm ' (this may be converted to the units of kg/rn')
where G = mass of the treat ing solution absorbed by block (W2 . Out of the 12 treated blocks. C = mass of the preservative present in 100 g of the treating solution. The blocks shall be allowed to remain for 30 min and then taken out and weighed (W 2 ) immediately after wiping the excess of preservative. The minimum amount of preservative that completely protects the impregnated blocks against decay by a given test fungus is defined as the threshold retention for that organism. 2. The vacuum shall then be released. The mass of the treating solution absorbed (G) shall be (W2 . Six leached and six unleached test blocks shall be condit ioned at 30 e e and 70 ± 4 percent relative humidity. The treating solution prepared just prior to its use shall be poured into the globe of the separating funnel with its stem extending into the beaker containing the blocks.WJ 2. mould and stain .3 Leaching Procedure The blocks shall be kept in beakers and weighed down with glass weights . The blocks shall be removed from the beakers after a period of2 h.
shall be chosen. The test blocks shall be made of the size 50 mm x 25 mm x 15 mm along the length of the grain. 2. and b) Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.1 Preparation of Test Blocks 2. place the test The test blocks shall be made from all sapwood portion of chir (Pinus roxburghii'i and mango (Mangifera indica).11 Threshold Retention
2.7 .1 Nzmm' for 60 min on two consecutive days. The test fungi given in 2. Other important wood rotting fungi may be substituted for the nontolerant organisms in special investigations.10 Calculation of Mass Loss Percentage mass loss will be calculated from the conditioned mas s of the blocks before and after testing.i .1 The test fungi which are resistant to ant iseptics.2 Conditioning of Test Blocks The procedure shalI be the same as given in 2.9 Incubation and Duration of Test The bottles containing the test blocks shall be placed in an incubator at 25 ± l oe and relative humidity 70 ± 4 percent and kept there for a period of 12 weeks. The amount of preservative 10 terms of kg/m' of wood is referred to as 'threshold retention' .Some strains of this fungus are resistant to high concentration ofarsenic. place them by retention groups into tightly fitting containers and steam at loo oe for 20 min at atmospheric pressure. caused by decay occurs.
2.2.7.1 and 2. particularly tolerant to creosote or mixture containing creosotes.
.6 Preparation of Soil Culture Bottles Sifted (sieved) air dried garden soil amounting to 125 g with pH between 5. particularly tolerant to copper and zinc compounds. by a particular fungus .7 Preparation of Test Culture After the sterilized culture bottles are thoroughly cooled. and conditioned mass of the block after test.7. 3.2 generally satisfy these factors . 2. ex Fr. Two feeder blocks are then kept on the surface of the soil. 2.7. cut the fungus inoculum (see 2. The bottles are then ready to receive the test blocks. percent where
conditioned mass of the block before test.2 For non-conifers
a) Coriolus versicolor (L.0 shall be filled (compacted by tapping) in (237 ml) aluminium screwing capped bottles.
The purpose of the test is to determine the minimum amount of preservative that is effective in preventing decay. Mass loss.
NOT E .8 Infection of Test Blocks Before putting the test blocks in the culture bottles. 2.2. Distilled water is added to this so as to obtain 130 percent of water holding capacity of soil in test bottles.1. WJ • 2. grow quickly and rapidly cause a loss in weight of test timber. and weigh them immediately if the moisture in the blocks is to be determined. free from knots and moulds . under the condition of test.1 For conifers
a) Lentinus lepideus Fr. The 'threshold value' is determined by estimating the point at which percentage weight loss not exceeding 5 percent. The blocks shall be dried in the warm air of the laboratory and then conditioned (30°C and relative humidity 70 ± 4 percent) to a constant weight (W4 ) .7.~ .IS 4873 (Part 1) : 2008 The treated blocks shall then be conditioned at 30 and 70 ± 4 percent relative humidity to a constant mass. 2.1.). of the size mentioned above. ex Fries) Murr. At the end of the incubation period the blocks shall be removed from the culture bottles. Incubate the inoculated bottles with slightly loosened lids at 27°e ± loe and 70 ± 4 percent relative humidity for approximately 3 weeks.0 and 7.1. Sterilize the prepared bottles with caps loosened at 0.) or Pycnoporus sanguineus (L. taking care not to remove the splinters of the wood . cleaned of the adhering mycelium.1) approximately 10 mm? from a not more than 3-week old culture and place on the edge of the feeder blocks.
blocks with cross-section face down on feeder blocks in previously prepared test bottles. After cooling. and b) Poria moniticola Murr.ex Murr.
3 ALTERNATIVE METHOD AGAR-BLOCK (KOLLE-FLASK) METHOD
3.7.2 The tolerant fungus shall always be included in testing any preservative.
SHEU.6 Infection of Test Blocks The blocks shall be exposed to fungal attack by placing them aseptically in the flask in which there are actively growing cultures of the test fungi. 12th Main HAL /I Stage.3 Treatment Procedure The procedure shall be the same as given in 2.
C. B. 3.Bhopal ForestResearchInstitute.New Delhi Directorateof Standardization. so that the blocks come in contact with the aerial mycelium of the fungus and not the medium itself into which some of the preservative might otherwise leach out.8 Calculation of Mass Loss The procedure shall be the same as given in 2. DIRECTOR
SHRI S.New Delhi Engineer-in-Chief's Branch. DIRECTOR
Bangalore 560008)
AndamanChamber of Commerce & Industries. PADMANAIlHAN (Alternate)
.7. R. Army Headquarters.3 and 2. D!REcroR GENEJW. the flask shall be laid flat so that the medium is retained by the ridge in the neck of the flask.IS 4873 (Part I) : 2008 3. Bangalore Central Building Research Institute. 3.
DR K.1. Sterile water should be added aseptically in the neck of the flask to maintain the ideal condition for test. 3.R (Altemate)
SHIU SAlIAN BHAJANKA SECRETARY [Alternate)
PRINCIPAL CHIEF CONSERVA"lOROF PRINcIPAL CIIIEF DRS. Bangalore IndianCouncil of ForestryResearch and Education.4 Test Fungi The test fungi shall be the same as given in 2. uKsHMANA A. 3.9 Threshold Retention The procedure shall be the same as given in 2. After sterilization.10 . Pour about 60 ml of this into each flask (Kolle-flask). Sterile water should be poured over the cotton wool pad in the neck of the flask in order to maintain the ideal conditions for fungal growth in the flask. New Delhi Federationoflndian Plywood & Panel Industry .9. Kolkata Bambooand Cane TechnologyCentre. then plug with cotton wool and sterilize by autoclaving at 0.4.\ Nzmrn' (120°C) for a period of 20 min. Not more than two blocks shall be placed in each flask.5 Medium for Growing Culture A nutrient medium consisting of20 g of agar and 20 g of malt extract in a litre of distilled water shall be prepared. The medium is inoculated with test fungus within 6 days after preparation of the flask.
CoNsBtvATOR Of FORESTS
(Altemate)
S. New Delhi DirectorateGeneralof Supplies & Disposals. CED 9
Representativets)
SHRJ SIIYAM SUNDER (ChairmJlll)
In personal capacity (2989 /D. KUSHAUJ'PA (Alterna/e)
DIRECTOR DIRECTOR GENElW. 3. NEG!
DR VIMAL K01lllVAL
PREsmerr
DIRECTORGENEJW.Raipur ForestDepartment. SAHA
SHRI N. Dehra Dun IndianAcademyof Wood Science. New Delhi ForestDepartment.11. Roorkee DirectorateGeneral of Civil Aviation .Bangalore
SHRJ HARISH KHArrAN PROJECT COORDINATOR SHRJ A. The blocks should be placed on rings or frames made ofthin glass rod.7 Incubation and Duration of Test The procedure shall be the same as given in 2. 3.
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Timber and Timber Stores Sectional Committee. Guwahati BambooSociety oflndia. Dehra Dun Indian PlywoodIndustriesResearch & Training Institute.
HlREMATIi
SHRI S.(Alt ernate)
DEPlIlY INSPECfOR GENERAL Of DrRECfOR
SHRJ V. BASu (Alternate)
SHRI H. RAWAT (Alternate)
DIRECfOR DIRECfOR
OIRECfOR GENERAL OIREcroR GENERAL
SHRI JAYDEEP CHIll. RANGARAJAN (Alternate)
REPRESENTAllVE
DIRECfOR SHRI B. Grading and Testing Subcommittee. S ANKARA KJuSIINAN COL
Y. PAr-. RA O (Alternate)
DlRE CfOR DR GNAN AHARAN
SHRJ K . 1.
SHRJ K. KRISHNAN (Alterna te)
DlRE CfOR
SHRI H. KAPADIA
JVOC Road.ANGIA SECRETARY(Alternate)
PRINCIPAL CIUEF CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS PRl!'iCIPAL CIIlEF CONSERVATOR OF FoRESTS PRINCIPAL CHIEF CoNSERVATOR OF FORESTS PRINCIPAL CHIEF CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS
SHRI V. Gwalior Ministryof Environment& Forest.Bangalore ForestDepartment. New Delhi Directorateof Standardization. Peechi KuttyFlush Doors & Furnitures Co Pvt Ltd. SAmI. Bangalore Kerala Forest ResearchInstitute. Roy CHOWDHURY
Scientist 'E' (CEO). Kanpur DirectorateGeneral of Civil Aviation.Gandhinagar ForestDepartment..IS 4873 (Part 1) : 2008
Repres entative ts)
Institute of WoodScience & Technology. New Delhi ForestDepartment. K. Chennai Ministryof Defence. Kolkata ASCU Hickson Limited. HARSH (Alternate)
. Dehra Dun ForestResearchInstitute(PathologyDivision). S. Raipur Forest Research Institute(Forest ProductsDivision). Scientist ' F' & Head (CEO) [RepresentingDirector General (Ex-officio)]
Member Secretary SHRI J. DAMODARAN
BIS DirectorateGeneral
SHRI A.S. Kolkata BoraxMorarji. Preservation. Coil Building MaterialsTechnologyPromotionCouncil. CED 9 : 1
Organization Representattvets)
Institute of WoodScience & Technology . Bangalore
DR R. New Delhi Rubber Board. Bangalore AndamanTimberIndustries.. GovernmentofChhattisgarh. Konayarn KarnatakaState ForestIndustriesCorporation Ltd. K. V. P. Seasoning. New Delhi DirectorateGeneralof Supplies & Disposals. Basaveshwaranagar. UVCE Layout. BIS
Timber Terminology. C. JAm
SHIU VIMAL KOrnrYAL (Alternate)
DR A. Roorkee Central Mining ResearchStation (CSIR). III Stag e. New Delhi Central Building ResearchInstitute. DebraDun
(Con ven er)
SHRI HARISH KHMrAN
SHRI Rxnv AGARWAL SHRI J.K. Dhanbad Controllerateof QualityAssurance.Mumbai In personal capacity (606 B. Conversion. G. DehraDun
\"lM CO Limited. SHUKLA DRN .New Delhi Federationoflndian Plywood& Panel Industry. SHrVA PRAKAsH (Alternate)
CHIEF ExEClJ11VE OmCER
Timber Development Association of India. Bangalore 5600 79. I Block.Dehra Dun ForestDepartmen t.
Bangalore IndianPlywoodIndustries.P. Dehra Dun 248006. K . Bangalore KarnatakaState ForestIndustriesCorporation. Shimla IndianCouncilof ForestryResearchand Education.4NAGING D!REcroR ExEcunvE DnlEcroR (Alternate) SHRI B. KOHLI (Alternate} SHRI G.Tillicherry U. BHASKAR NAYAR SIIRI V. Z. Bangalore IndianRubber WoodTask Force. MAlllEWS SIIRI M. Phase II Vasant Vihar. Kottayarn SivakasiChamberofMatch Industries.Sivakasi SouthernVeneers& WoodWorksLtd. M.HIREMAllf SHRI S. Dharwar HimachalPradeshState ForestCorporation. Jorhat Rubber ResearchInstituteofIndia.-'oN SINGH M. KAMAL (Alternate) SHRJ C. BENIPAL
SHRI K.Research & TrainingInstitute.4NABHAN SHRJ S.4NDEV (Alternate) SHRI NIRMAL UPIUTI DR KISIlAN KUMAR (Alternate) DR SADHANA TRlPAl1ll SIIRI AzMAL SAMANI (Alternate) SHRI Y ASH KAJ. BHATIA SHRI S. ForestCorporation. MA1lIEW (Alternate)
REPRESeIT!JlVE
SHRI V. SHIVA PRAKASH (Alternate)
REPRESeITATIVE (Alternate)
SHRI K. Lucknow In personalcapacity (Clo American Connexion.. DUBEY
DR BIPIN BEHARJ DIRECTOR GENERAl. G. M. Bangalore KeralaForestResearchInstitute. VENUGOPAL NAIDU (Alternate ) SHRI S.DehraDun ForestResearchInstitute(WoodPreservation) . Chennai Madhya PradeshRajya VanVikasNigam Ltd. Z. Kolkata Officeof Development Commissioner(Handicrafts). PADM.New Delhi Ministryof Railways(Representedby ROSa). S. KAMAL (Alternate) SHRJ K. S. DIRECTOR (PHYSICAL) 0EPurY DIRECJOR
DIRECJOR
DIRECIUR
REPRESeITAllVE
SHRJ P. Bhopal Ministryof Environment & Forests. P. NewDelhi RegionalResearchLaboratory. Dehra Dun Indian Instituteof Technology. 214. A. Uttaranchaly
DR S. New Delhi IndianPlywoodIndustriesResearch & Training Institute . New Delhi National TestHouse. DehraDun Gurdit Institute Pvt Limited. Bangalore IndianPlywoodIndustriesResearch& TrainingInstitute. S. SHYAMA SUNDER
SIIRI S.K. DehraDun ForestResearchInstitute(WoodAnatomy). DehraDun ForestResearchInstitute(WoodSeasoning).4NGrrA GUPTA DR P. J. K. Hxarss
SEl'IlOR MANAGEIl DRSAnsH KUMAR
. KRISHNAN (Alternate) SHRJ A. K. C.4NKARA KRIsHNA COL Y.Kottayam Instituteof WoodScience & Technology (WoodProperties& Uses Division). K. P. Peechi Kutty FlushDoors & FurnituresCo Pvt Ltd. BISWAS DRSMER CHAND (Alternate) DR (MRS) S.IS 4873 (Part 1) : 2008
ForestResearchInstitute (Systemaic BotanyBranch).
1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization. Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. IV Cross Road. NAGPUR.22542315 {2832 9295.LT. 23233375. JAIPUR. BHOPAL.bis. BANGALORE. COIMBATORE. Standards arc also reviewed periodically. a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed.in Regional Offices: Central Eastern Northern Southern Western : Manak Bhavan. KANPUR. Andheri (East) MUMBAI 400093 Telephones 2323 76 17 { 2323 3841 2337 8499. Campus. FARIDABAD. Road.org. PATNA.23379120 . Sector 34-A.{ 260 3843 2609285 2254 1216. BHUBANESHWAR. BIS. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. . This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc: No. 2832 7858 28327891 . CHANDIGARH 160022 : C. RAJKOT. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications) .
Printed at Simco Printing Press. in the course of implementing the standard . No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. type or grade designations. This does not preclude the free use. LUCKNOW . Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. V. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg NEW DELHI 110002 : 1/14 C. CHENNAI 600113 : Manakalaya. 2337 8561 { 23378626. VISAKHAPATNAM. marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. if the review indicates that changes are needed. Marol. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. such as symbols and sizes. New Delhi 110002 Telephones: 2323 0131.23239402 website : www. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of "BIS Catalogue ' and 'Standards: Monthly Additions '. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Delhi
. E9 MillC. CED 9 (7379). GUWAHATI. PUNE. Kankurgachi KOLKATA 700054 : SCO 335-336.LP. of necessary details. it is taken up for revision .28327892
Branches : AHMEDABAD. GHAZIABAD. Date of Issue Text Affected
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan. PARWANOO.IT Scheme VII M. 2254 1442 { 22542519.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act. HYDERABAD.
IS 14443 1997IS SP 21-2005IS 15202 2 2012IS 10701 2012IS 710 1976 RA 2004IS 4990-2011IS 303 1989C 695D 5304D 5304IS1734 Parts 1 to 20Qatar National Construction Standards 2010 ContentsKenya Planning and Building Regulations 2009Nigeria National Building Code 2006EN ISO 1518EN ISO 1518Loan CalculatorAnabasisThe Jungle BookAesop's FablesRamayanaSri Chanakya Niti-sastra - DhevagiThe Works of AristotleDhammapada
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