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Ubbl Part Vii | Wall | Door
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PART IV : CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Requirements by Laws
For the purpose of this Part, every
building or compartment shall be
regarded according to its use or
intended use as falling within one
of the purpose groups set out in
the Fifth Schedule to these Bylaws
and, where a building is divided
into compartments, used or
intended to be used for different
the purpose group of each
compartment shall be determined
Provided that where the whole or
part of a building or compartment,
as the case may be, is used or
intended to be used for more than
one purpose, only the main
purpose of use of that building or
compartment shall be taken into
account in determining into which
purpose group it falls.
Sketch/Dimension
135. Rules
In this Part(a) the height of a building, or of
such of a building as described in
by-law 215 means the
height of such building or part,
measured from the mean level of
the ground adjoining the
outside of the external walls of
the building to the level of half
vertical height of the roof to the
building or part, or to the top of
the walls of the parapet (if any),
whichever is the higher;
(b) the area of:
(i) any stories of a building or
compartment shall be taken to be
the total area in that
stories bounded by the finished
inner surfaces of the enclosing
walls or, of any side
where there is no enclosing wall,
by the outermost edge of the floor
(ii) any room or garage shall be
taken to the total area of its floor
inner finished surfaces of the
walls forming the room or garage;
(iii) any part of a roof shall be
taken to be the actual visible area
of such part
measured on a plane parallel to
the pitch of the roof;
(c) the cubic capacity of a building
or compartment shall be
ascertained by measuring the
volume of space contained within(i) the finished inner surfaces of
the enclosing walls or, on any side
enclosing walls, a plane extending
vertically above the outermost
edge of the floor on
(ii) the upper surface of its lowest
(iii) in the case of a building or of
a compartment which extends to
a roof, the under
surface of the roof or, in the case
of any other compartments, the
under surface of the
ceiling of the highest stories
within the compartment, including
the space occupied by
any other walls, or any shafts,
ducts or structure within the
space to be so measured.
Any building, other than a single
stories building, of a purpose
group specified in the Fifth
these By-laws and which has(a) any stories the floor area of
that- (i) no such compartment has any stories the floor area of which exceeds the area specified as relevant to that building. by means of compartment walls or compartment floors or both. and (ii) no such compartment has a cubic capacity which exceeds that specified as so relevant to that building. Provided that if any building is provided with an automatic sprinkler installation which complies with the relevant recommendations of Sketch/Dimension Remarks . or (b) a cubic capacity which exceeds that specified as so relevant shall be so divided into compartments. By Laws compartm ent floors. Requirements by Laws which exceeds that specified as relevant to a building of that purpose group and height.No .
Floor in building exceeding 30 meters in height to be construct ed as compartm ent floor In any building which exceeds 30 meters in height. other than a floor which is either within a maisonette or a mezzanine floor shall be constructed as a compartment floor.C Rules for Automatic Sprinkler Installation. The following areas or uses shall be separated from the other areas of the occupancy in which they are located by fire resisting construction of elements of structure of a FRP to be determined by the local authority based on the degree of fire hazard: (a) boilers room and associated Sketch/Dimension Remarks . any floor which is more than 9 meters above floor level which separates one stories from another stories. Separatio n of fire risk areas. 139.No .O. 29th edition. this-law has effect in relation to that building as if the limits of dimensions specified are doubled. By Laws Requirements by Laws the F. 137.
No . (d) storage areas of materials in quantities deemed hazardous. 140. (e) flammable liquids stores. (e) liquefied petroleum gas storage areas. (f) linen rooms. By Laws Requirements by Laws fuel storage areas. All building in excess of 7000 cubic meters shall abut upon a street or road or open space of not less Sketch/Dimension Remarks . Fire appliance access. (c) repair shops involving hazardous processes and materials. (b) laundries. (g) transformer rooms and substations.
Separatin g walls. By Laws Requirements by Laws than 12 meters width and accessible to fire brigade appliances. The proportion of the building abutting the street. if the pipe- Sketch/Dimension Remarks . (2) Nothing in this by-law shall prohibit – (a) the passage through a separating wall of pipe. road or open space shall be in accordance with the following scale: Volume of building in cubic meter Minimum proportions of perimeter of building 7000 to 28000 one-sixth 28000 to 56000 one-fourth 56000 to 84000 one-half 84000 to 112000 three-fourths 112000 to above island site 141.No . (1) Subject to the exceptions specified in paragraph (2) no openings shall be made in any separating wall which forms a complete vertical wall separating any buildings.
if the opening is fitted with a door which has in respect of separating walls FRP of not less than required in this Part. and (iii) is fire stopped where it passes through the wall.No . a junction with a roof shall be carried above the upper surface of the roof to a distance of not less than 225 millimeters measured at right angles to such upper surface. By Laws Requirements by Laws (i) is not a flue pipe. (ii) has a diameter not exceeding 25 millimeters if it is made of combustible material or 150 millimeters. if it is made of non-combustible materials. or (b) an opening in a separating wall which is necessary as a means of escape from fire. (1) If any external wall is carried Sketch/Dimension Remarks . (3) Any separating wall which forms.
such external wall and separating wall shall be bonded together or the junction of such walls shall be fire-stopped. or is situated within a distance of 1 meter from any point on the relevant boundary or is a wall of a building which exceeds 15 meters in height shall(a) be constructed wholly of non- Sketch/Dimension Remarks .No . (2) Subject to the provisions relating to small garages and open car parks. External walls. any side of a building shall comply with any relevant requirements relating to the permitted limits of unprotected areas specified in the Sixth Schedule to these Bylaws unless the building is so situated that such side might consist entirely of any unprotected area. By Laws 142. Requirements by Laws across the end of a separating wall. (3) Any external wall which constitutes.
in either case. that building does not exceed 18 meters in height. By Laws Requirements by Laws combustible materials apart from any external cladding which complies with by-law 144 or any internal lining which complies with these By-laws. and (ii) an external wall of a building or part of Purpose Group III which consists of flats or maisonettes if that building has Sketch/Dimension Remarks . and (b) be so constructed as to attain ant FRP required by this Part without assistance from any combustible material permitted by this Part: Provided that the requirements of this Part shall not apply to(i) an external wall of a building which is within the limits of size indicated by the letter "x" in Part 1 of the Ninth Schedule to these By-laws or an external wall of a building which is not divided into compartments and is within the limits of size indicated by the letter "z" in Part 2 of the Ninth Schedule if.No .
(2) Any cladding on any external wall situated 1.2 meters from any point on the relevant boundary. and external wall which is required to be constructed of non-combustible materials shall comply with the provisions of paragraph (3) of bylaw 142 as to non-combustibility. 144. if such cladding is situated less than 1. any structure carrying. shall have a surface complying with the requirements for Class O specified in by-law 204.No . Any beam or column forming part of. Beam or column. (1) Any cladding on any external walls. By Laws Requirements by Laws not more than three stories or that part is separated as described in by-law 135 and does not exceed 18 meter in height. 143. Cladding on external wall. if Sketch/Dimension Remarks .2 meters or more from the relevant boundary shall.
and (b) any reference to the Six Schedule to these By-laws shall be construed as referring to the Sketch/Dimension Remarks . have a surface complying with the requirements specified for Class O in by-law 204 except that any part of such cladding below the height of 18 meters from the ground may consist of timber of not less than 10 millimeters finished thickness or of a material having a surface which. By Laws Requirements by Laws the building is more than 18 meters in height. when tested in accordance with BS 476: Part 6: 1968.No . has an index of performance not exceeding twenty. For the purpose of by-laws 142 to 146(a) any part of a roof shall be deemed to be part of an external wall of side of a building if it is pitched to an angle 700 or more to the horizontal and adjoins a space within the building to which persons have access not limited to the purpose of maintenance or repair. Reference to Sixth Schedule. 145.
Part III or Part IV of the Schedule. By Laws Requirements by Laws provisions of Part 1 of the Schedule together with. 146. Relevant boundary. in the application of the provisions of this Part to any external wall of any building to be erected which faces an external wall of such other building – (a) the relevant boundary shall be a notional boundary passing Sketch/Dimension Remarks . other than a detached building which consists only of a garage or of an open car park. at the option of the persons intending to erect the building. If any building is to be erected on land occupied with any other building. either the provisions of Part II.No . or two or more detached buildings are to be erected on land in common occupation and either of those buildings is within Purpose Group I or III.
Constructi on of separatin g walls. excluding any surface finish to a wall which complies with the requirements of these By-laws and the required FRP for the wall shall be obtained Sketch/Dimension Remarks . shall be constructed wholly of noncombustible materials. and (b) if such other building is an existing it shall be deemed to be (a building to be) erected on the site which it occupies. 147. By Laws Requirements by Laws between those buildings and such boundary must be capable of being situated in such a position as to enable the external walls of those buildings to comply with the requirements of this Part. other than a wall separating buildings not divided into compartments within the limits of size indicated by the letter "x" in Part I of the Ninth Schedule to these By-laws.No . being of the same purpose and having the same unprotected areas and fire resistance as the existing building. (1) Any separating wall.
No . a separating wall which is required to be constructed of noncombustible materials shall be itself comply with the requirements of paragraph (1) as to noncombustibility. and any structure carrying. 148. Special requireme nts as to compartm ent walls and compartm (1) No opening shall be made in any compartment wall or compartment floor with the exception of any one or more of the following: (a) an opening fitted with a door which complies with the Sketch/Dimension Remarks . By Laws Requirements by Laws without assistance from such noncombustible material. (2) Any beam or column forming part of.
No . (c) an opening for a ventilation duct. Requirements by Laws requirements of by-law 162 and has FRP which not less than – (i) in the case of a wall separating a flat or maisonette from any space in common use giving access to that flat or maisonette. (b) an opening for an protected shaft. By Laws ent floors. if any space surrounding the duct is fire-stopped and the duct is fitted with an automatic fire damper in accordance with Australian Standard 1682 and 1668 Part I . or (ii) in any other case. half hour. the FRP required by the provisions of these BY-laws in respect of the wall or floor. other than a duct in.1974 or its equivalent where it passes through the wall Sketch/Dimension Remarks . or consisting of. a protected shaft.
or any external wall. such structures shall be bonded together at the junction or the junction shall be fire-stopped. (3) Where any compartment wall forms a junction with a roof. By Laws Requirements by Laws or floor which fire damper shall have not less than required FRP of the material of the compartment wall or floor through which it passes. such Sketch/Dimension Remarks . separating wall or enclosing a protected shaft. (d) an opening for a pipe which complies with the requirements of paragraph (2) by-law 141.No . (e) an opening for a refuse chute having a FRP of at least one hour and having a close-fitting door situated in an external wall of the chamber having a FRP of half-hour. (2) Where the compartment wall or compartment floor forms a junction with any structure comprising any other compartment walls.
appliance ventilation duct or duct encasing one or more flue pipes forms part of a Sketch/Dimension Remarks . shall be separated from that compartment floor or that compartment wall and from each compartment adjoining that wall or floor by noncombustible construction having FRP of not less than half the minimum FRP required by these By-laws in respect of that compartment wall or compartment floor through which such chimney. (5) If any chimney. appliance ventilation duct or duct encasing one or more flue pipes passes through a compartment floor or compartment wall(a) any flue in chimney. or (c) the space within the duct encasing the flue pipe or pipe. or (b) the passage in the appliance ventilation duct. By Laws Requirements by Laws wall shall be carried to the under surface of the roof covering. duct or pipe passes. (4) Where any chimney.No .
(6) Any compartment wall or compartment floor which is required by these By-laws to have FRP hour or more shall.No . shall be separated from any compartment adjoining that wall by non-combustible construction which will. at any level. (b) any surface finish to a wall or ceiling which complies with the requirements of by-laws 204 shall. By Laws Requirements by Laws compartment wall(a) any flue in the chimney. Sketch/Dimension Remarks . or (c) any ceiling which complies with the description specified in the Ninth Schedule to these By-laws. or (c) the space within the duct encasing the flue pipe or pipes. excluding(a) any floor finish. or (b) the passage in the appliance ventilation duct. have FRP of not less than half the minimum FRP required by these By-laws in respect of the compartment wall at the level.
shall itself comply with the provisions of paragraph (6) as to noncombustibility.No . (7) Any beam or column forming part of. 149. apart from any ceiling. By Laws Requirements by Laws be constructed wholly of noncombustible materials and. (1) No protected shaft shall be constructed for use for any purposes additional to those Sketch/Dimension Remarks . and structure carrying. Protected shafts. any compartment wall or compartment floor which is required to be constructed of noncombustible materials. Openings in external located vertically above one another shall be protected by approved flame barriers either extending 750 millimeters beyond the exterior wall in the plane of the floor or by vertical panels not less than 90 millimeters in height. the required FRP of the wall or floor shall be obtained without assistance from any noncombustible material. Horizontal and vertical barriers at the external walls. 150.
or both. (2) Subject to the provisions of this Part. with the exception of any external surface finish which complies with the requirements of by-law 204 relating to wall surfaces. any protected shaft shall be completed enclosed. and any beam or column forming part of that structure and any structure carrying such protecting structure shall be constructed of non-combustible materials throughout. or as sanitary accommodation or washrooms.No . By Laws Requirements by Laws specified in this Part other than for the accommodation of any pipe or duct. (3) Any protecting structure which is required to have a FRP of one hour or more. (4) Any wall. floor or other structure enclosing a protected shaft but not only being a protecting structure may contain such openings as shall be in Sketch/Dimension Remarks .
or contains a ventilating duct. (c) if the protected shaft contains a lift. such lift shafts shall be provided with vents of not less than 0. Ventilatio n to lift shafts. an opening which complies with the provisions of bylaw 162. and (d) if the protected shaft serves as.No . By Laws Requirements by Laws accordance with other provisions of these Bylaws. (b) an opening fitted with a fireresisting door which complies with the provisions of by-law 162. an inlet to or outlet from the duct or an opening for the duct. (5) There shall be no opening in any protecting structure other than any one or more of the following: (a) an opening for a pipe. Where openings to lift shaft are not connected to protected lobbies. 151. (6) Any opening for a pipe shall be effectively fire-stopped.09 square meter per lift located at the top of the shafts. Where the vent Sketch/Dimension Remarks .
0161square metre and the total Sketch/Dimension Remarks . Openings in lift shafts. 152.No . (2) Landing doors shall have a FRP of not less than half the FRP of the hoistway structure with a minimum FRP of half hour.G. (1) Every opening in a lift shaft or lift entrance shall open into a protected lobby unless other suitable means of protection to the opening to the satisfaction of the local authority is provided. These requirements shall not apply to open type industrial and other special buildings as may be approved by the D.F. and shall not be more than 0. (3) No glass shall be used for in landing doors except for vision in which case any vision panel shall or be glazed wired safety glass. By Laws Requirements by Laws does not discharge directly to the open air the lift shafts shall be vented to the exterior through a duct of the required FRP as for the lift shafts.S.
without answering any car or Sketch/Dimension Remarks .0156 square metre. (4) Each clear panel opening shall reject a sphere 150 millimetres in diameter. Emergenc y mode of operation in the (1) All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors. Smoke detectors for lift lobbies. (2) Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices controlled by light beam or photo-detectors unless incorporated with a force close feature which after thirty seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to close within a preset time. 153.No . 154. By Laws Requirements by Laws area of one of more vision panels in any landing door shall be not more than 0. commencing with the fire lifts. (1) On failure of mains power all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designed floor. (5) Provision shall be made for the opening of all landing doors by means of an emergency key irrespective of the position of the lift car.
and park with doors open. (2) After all lifts are parked the lifts on emergency power shall resume normal operations: Provided that where sufficient emergency power is available for operation of all lifts. overriding the emergency stop button inside the car. (3) The fire lifts shall then be available for use by the fire brigade on operation of the Sketch/Dimension Remarks . this mode of operation need to apply (1) The fire mode of operation shall be initiated by a signal from the fire alarm panel which may be activated automatically by one of the alarm devices in the building or manually. Requirements by Laws landing calls and park with doors open. 155. (2) If mains power is available all lift shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor. commencing with the fire lifts. without answering any car or landing calls. but not any other emergency or safety devices.No . Fire mode of operation. By Laws event of mains power failure.
(5) in the event of mains power failure. a ventilating duct – (a) the duct shall be fitted with automatic fire dampers together with or without sub -ducts as Australian Standard 1668: Pt. (4) Under this mode of operations. 1:1974. 156. so far as practical. By Laws Requirements by Laws fireman's switch.No . the risk of fire spreading from a compartment to any other compartment. so constructed at such intervals and in such positions as may be necessary to reduce. the fire lift shall only operate in response to car calls but not to landing calls in a mode of operation in accordance with bylaw 154. all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor and operate under emergency power as described under paragraphs (2) to (4). or contains. or such provision Sketch/Dimension Remarks . (1) If a protected shaft serves as. Protected shafts as ventilatin g duct.
By Laws 157. or lined with. capable of Sketch/Dimension Remarks . 158. (2) In addition. A protected staircase or a protected shaft containing a staircase shall not contain any pipe conveying gas or oil or any ventilating ducts other than a duct serving only that staircase or shaft. other than school halls or other similar halls where stage scenery is infrequently used.No . and (b) the duct shall not be constructed of. any material which substantially increase such risk. Requirements by Laws shall be made as will reduce such risks so far as practicable. (1) In places of assembly. Protected shafts consisting of staircase. in the case of a protected shaft containing a ventilating duct. the shaft shall be so constructed with additional barriers to fire between the duct and the shaft as may be necessary to reduce so far as practicable the risk of fire spreading from a compartment to any other compartment. Stages in places of assembly.
92 meters above the roof level unless the roof is constructed of materials having the FRP as specified in the Ninth Schedule to these By-laws.No .61 meters above the level of the stage nor shall such additional opening have an area exceeding 1. carried down to a solid foundation and up to at least 0. (3) No opening additional to the proscenium opening shall be more than 0. By Laws Requirements by Laws seating more than 400 persons and in which stage scenery may be used.858 squares metres and each such additional opening shall be fitted with a door constructed Sketch/Dimension Remarks . (2) No more than three openings inclusive of the proscenium opening shall be provided in the proscenium wall. the stage shall be separated from the auditorium by a proscenium wall not less than 225 millimeters brickwork or other materials of equivalent FRP.
No . (3) The air intake of any airconditioning apparatus shall be situated such that air shall not be recirculated from any space in which objectionable quantities of Sketch/Dimension Remarks .F. Open stages. excepts ducts in detached and semi-detached residential buildings shall be constructed entirely of noncombustible materials and shall be adequately supported through their lengths.S are installed. 159. (2) No air-conditioning ducts shall pass through fire walls unless as provided for in by-laws 148 and 156. Fire precautio n in airconditioni ng systems.G. (1) All air-conditioning ducts. Open stages without proscenium walls may be permitted provided suitable protection devices to the satisfaction of the D. including framing therefor. 160. By Laws Requirements by Laws of materials having the FRP as specified in the Ninth Schedule to these By-laws.
if it is in a floor or wall constructed of combustible material. By Laws Requirements by Laws inflammable vapours or dust are given off and shall be so situated as to minimize the drawing in of any combustible material. 161. be so constructed as not to restrict essential thermal movement.No . (4) Any cavity in an element of Sketch/Dimension Remarks . be made of non-combustible material or. (3) Any fire stop formed as a seal at the junction of two or more elements of structure shall be made of non-combustible material. Firestopping. of timber not less than 37 millimeters thick. and (b) if provided around a pipe or duct. (2) Any fire stop shall – (a) if provided around a pipe or duct or in a cavity. (1) Any fire stop required by the provisions of this Part shall be so formed and positioned as to prevent or retard the passage of flame.
Fire doors in compartm ent walls and separatin g walls. Sketch/Dimension Remarks . (1) Fire doors of a appropriate FRP shall be provided. and (ii) in such a position that there is no continuous cavity without a fire stop which is one plane exceeds either 7. (2) Openings in compartment walls and separating walls shall be protected by a fire door having a FRP in accordance with the requirements for that wall specified in the Ninth Schedule to these Bylaws. By Laws Requirements by Laws structure which(a) is continuous through the whole or part of such element. 162. and (b) has a surface of combustible material exposed within the cavity which is of a class lower than Class O in by-law 204 shall be fire stopped(i) at any junction with another element of structure or with a ceiling under a roof.No .225 square meters in area.625 meters in a single dimension or 23.
No . By Laws Requirements by Laws (3) Openings in protecting structures shall be protected by fire doors having FRP of not less than half the requirement for the surrounding wall specified in the Ninth Schedule to these By-laws but in no case less than half hour. Half hour and one hour doors. (5) Fire doors including frames shall be constructed to a specification which can be shown to meet the requirements for the relevant FRP when tested in accordance with section 3 of BS 476:1951. (4) Openings in partitions enclosing a protected corridor or lobby shall be protected by fire doors having FRP of half-hour. 163. Fire doors conforming to the method of construction as stipulated below shall be deemed to meet the requirements of the specified FRP: (a) doors and frames constructed in accordance with one of the following specifications shall Sketch/Dimension Remarks .
"Synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic and aminoplastic) for "wood" Part 1. "Cold-setting casein glue for wood". or BS 1444. The meeting stiles of double doors shall be rabbeted 12 millimeters deep or may be butted provided the clearance is kept to a minimum. By Laws Requirements by Laws be deemed to satisfy the requirements for doors having FRP of half-hour. (i) a single door 900 millimeters wide x 2 100 millimeters high maximum or double doors 1 800 millimeters x 2 100 millimeters high maximum constructed of solid hardwood core of not less than 37 millimeters laminated with adhesives conforming to either BS 745 "Animal Glues" or BS 1204. "Gap-filling" adhesives".No . Sketch/Dimension Remarks . faced both sides with plywood to a total thickness of not less than 43 millimeters with all edges finished with a solid edge full width of the door.
By Laws Requirements by Laws (ii) doors may be double swing provided they are mounted on hydraulic floor springs and clearances at floor not exceeding 4. (iii) a vision panel may be incorporated provided it does not exceed 0.77 millimeters and frame and meeting stiles not exceeding 3 millimeters. (iv) doors constructed in accordance with BS No.065 square meter per leaf with no dimension more than 1370 millimeters and it is glazed with 6 millimeters Georgian Wired Glass in hardwood stops. (v) timber frames for single swing half-hour fire doors of overall width of 60 millimeters including 25 millimeters rabbet and depth to suit door thickness plus 34 millimeters stop. (vi) metal frames for half-hour fire doors shall be of sheet steel not Sketch/Dimension Remarks .No .459: Part 3: 1951 Fire Check Flush Doors and Wood and Metal Frames (Half-Hour Type).
No . (b) doors and frames constructed in accordance with one of the following specifications shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements for doors having FRP of one hour: (i) a single door not exceeding 900 millimeters wide x 2100 millimeters high or double doors not exceeding 1800 millimeters x 2100 millimeters high constructed as for specification (a) for half-hour door but incorporating on both faces either externally or beneath the plywood faces a layer of asbestos insulating board to BS 3536 (not Sketch/Dimension Remarks . By Laws Requirements by Laws lighter than 18 gauge of overall width 50 millimeters including 18 millimeters rabbets and depth to suit the door thickness plus 53 millimeters stop. (vii) timber or metal frames for double swing doors shall be as specified above with minimum clearances between frame and door.
(v) frames for one hour doors shall be as for half-hour doors except that timber shall be pressure impregnated with 15% to 18% solution of monoammonium phosphate in water. By Laws Requirements by Laws asbestos cement) not less than 3 millimeters thick.No . Door Sketch/Dimension Remarks . (iii) a vision panel may be incorporated provided it does not exceed 1 square meters per leaf with no dimension more than 300 millimeters and it is glazed with 6 millimeters Georgian Wire Glass in hardwood stop. 164. (ii) doors may swing one way only and double doors shall have 12 millimeters wide rabbet at the meeting stiles. (iv) doors constructed in accordance with BS 459: Part 3: 1951: Fire Check Flush Doors and Wood and Metal Frames (One Hour Type).
(1) The travel distance to an exit shall be measured on the floor or other walking surface along the centre line of the natural path of travel. (2) Double doors with rabbeted meeting stiles shall be provided with co-ordinating device to ensure that leafs close in the proper sequence.300 meters from Sketch/Dimension Remarks . Heat actuated devices shall not be permitted on fire doors protecting openings to protected corridors or protected staircases. Measurem ent of travel distance to exits. starting 0. By Laws closers for fire doors 165. (3) Fire doors may be held open provided the hold open device incorporates a heat actuated device to release the door. Requirements by Laws (1) All fire doors shall be fitted with automatic door closers of the hydraulically spring operated type in the case of swing doors and of wire rope and weight type in the case of sliding doors.No .
No . (2) In the case of open areas the distance to exists shall be measured from the most remote point of occupancy provided that the direct distance shall not exceed two-thirds the permitted travel distance.300 metre clearance therefrom and ending at the stories exit. (4) The maximum travel distance to exits and dead end limits shall be as specified in the Seventh Sketch/Dimension Remarks . it shall be taken in the plane of the trend noising. (3) In the case of individual rooms which are subject to occupancy of not more than six persons. Where measurement includes stairs. By Laws Requirements by Laws the most remote point of occupancy. the travel distance shall be measured from the doors of such room. Provided that the travel distance from any point in the room to the room door does not exceed 15 meters. curving around any corners or obstruction with 0.
167. (1) Except as provided for in bylaw 194 every compartment shall be provided with at least two stories.No . (1) Except as permitted by by-law 167 not less than two separate exits shall be provided from each stories together with such additional exits as may be necessary. (2) The exits shall be so sited and the exit access shall be arranged that the exits are within the limits of travel distance as specified in the Seventh Schedule to these Bylaws and are readily accessible at all times. (2) The width of storey exits shall be in accordance with the provisions in the Seventh Schedule to Sketch/Dimension Remarks . Exits to be accessible at all times. 166. By Laws Requirements by Laws Schedule of these By-laws. Storey exits. exits located a far as practical from each other and in no case closer than 4.5 meters and in such position that the travel specified in the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws are not exceeded.
By Laws Requirements by Laws these By-laws. (5) Doors giving access to staircases shall be so positioned Sketch/Dimension Remarks . 168. Staircases . (3) The required width of staircase shall be the clear width between walls but handrails may be permitted to encroach on this width to a maximum of 75 millimeters (4) The required width of a staircase shall be maintained throughout its length including at landings. (1) Except as provided for in bylaws 194 every upper floor shall have means of egress via at least two separate staircases. (2) Staircases shall be of such width that in the event of any one staircase not being available for escape purpose the remaining staircases shall accommodate the highest occupancy load of any one floor discharging into it calculated in accordance with provisions in the Seventh Schedule to these Bylaws.No .
No exit route may reduce in width along its path of travel from storey exit to the final exit. Egress through unenclose d openings. 169. egress may be by way of an open staircase to an adjacent floor and thence to a storey exit: (a) the layout is such that fire originating anywhere within the compartment will be obvious to the occupants of all communicating levels or areas. (b) the travel distances specified in the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws are not exceeded.No . By Laws Requirements by Laws that their swing shall at no point encroach on the required width of the staircase or landing. Where unclosed openings are permitted between floors and for a mezzanine floor. (c) only 50% of the occupants of a floor are assumed to use the open staircase and storey exits are provided at every level Sketch/Dimension Remarks . 170. Exit route.
and (d) the storey exits on the principal floor through which other levels discharge are designed to handle the occupants of that floor plus 50% from the adjacent levels discharging through it. Horizontal exits. 171. (3) For institutional occupancies the total exit capacity other than horizontal exits shall not be Sketch/Dimension Remarks . horizontal exits may be provided in lieu of other exits. (1) Where appropriate.No . (2) Where horizontal exits are provided protected staircases and final exits need only be of a width to accommodate the occupancy load of the larger compartment or building discharging into it so long as the total number of exit widths provided is not reduced to less than half that would otherwise be required for the whole building. By Laws Requirements by Laws to accommodate the other 50% of the occupants of that level in accordance with the provisions of the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws.
furnishings or other equipment. (1) Storey exits and access to such exits shall be marked by readily visible signs and shall not be obscured by any decorations.No . The lettering shall be in red against a black background. Emergenc y exit signs. (5) Illuminated signs shall be provided with two electric lamps Sketch/Dimension Remarks . (2) A sign reading "KELUAR" with an arrow indicating the direction shall be placed in every location where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is not immediately apparent. By Laws Requirements by Laws reduced by more than one-third that would otherwise be required for the entire area of the building. (4) All exits signs shall be illuminated continuously during periods of occupancy. (3) Every exit sign shall have the word "KELUAR" in plainly legible letters not less than 150 millimeters high with the principal strokes of the letters not less than 18 millimeters wide. 172.
173. (b) a protected staircase leading to a final exit.No . (3) Basements and roof structures Sketch/Dimension Remarks . or (c) an external route leading to a final exit. 174. Arrangem ent of storey exits. (1) All exit door should be openable from the inside without the use of a key or any special knowledge or effort. (2) Each exit shall give direct access to(a) a final exit. shall release the doors upon power failure or actuation of the firm alarm (1) Where two or more storey exits are required they shall be spaced at not less than 5 meters apart measured between the nearest edges of the openings. (2) Exit doors shall close automatically when released and all door devices including magnetic door holders. By Laws Requirements by Laws of not less than fifteen watts each. Exit doors.
(c) divide the floor area by the number of square meter per person to determine the number of persons for which exits must be provided for that floor. Calculatio n of occupancy loads.No . By Laws Requirements by Laws used solely for services need not be provided with alternative means of egress. Computin g storey exit width. To computed the required exit width from the individual floors of a building(a) calculate the floor area net or gross whichever is applicable. (b) determine the allowable occupancy load factor from Table. 175. (d) determine from the table the capacity of the type of exit to be used for the purpose group being designed. 176. Calculation of occupancy loads and capacity of exits shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Seventh Schedule to these Bylaws. and (e) calculate the number of units Sketch/Dimension Remarks .
street floor exits have to be sized to handle not only to occupant load of the street floor but also a percentage of the load of the exits discharging to the street floors above and below: Sketch/Dimension Remarks . The following factors shall be used in computing the exit widths: (a) in a multi-storeyed building if x units of exit width are required from each floor the staircase serving those floors do not need to be x times the number of floors served in units of exit width. By Laws Requirements by Laws of exit width for each type of exit used based upon the capacity. (b) depending on the occupancy. Computin g number of staircases and staircase width. 177. The staircase need be only wide enough to serve each floor but not less than the minimum width allowed and in every case one of the protected staircases shall be assumed to be inaccessible and the remaining protected staircase shall be of sufficient width and number to accommodate the relevant occupancy.No .
if two or more exits coverage into a common exit. the common exit should never be narrower than the sum of the width of the exits converging into it. In buildings classified as institutional or places of assembly.No . By Laws Requirements by Laws (c) exit should never decrease in width along their length of travel and. (e) at least one of the staircases should be a minimum of two unit width except that 900 millimetres may be allowed where total occupancy of all floors served by staircases is less than 50. corridors and passages leading to such exits shall be located. (d) except as provided in these By-laws. separated or Sketch/Dimension Remarks . and (f) there should be no decrease in width along path of travel of a staircase 178. the minimum number of exits is two. together with staircases. Exits for institution al and other places of assembly. exits to a street or large open space.
No . Classificat ion of places of assembly. Each place of assembly shall be classified according to its capacity as follows: Class A-Capacity 1.000 persons Class C-Capacity 100 to 300 persons Sketch/Dimension Remarks . By Laws Requirements by Laws protected as to avoid any undue danger to the occupants of the place of assembly from fire originating in the other occupancy or smoke therefrom.000 persons or more Class B-Capacity 300 to 1. 179.
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