Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7879137?dq=6008737
Timestamp: 2015-07-06 05:59:04
Document Index: 22674205

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 200806827', 'Application No. 04', 'Application No. 2006', 'Application No. 2007', 'Application No. 200710181221', 'Application No. 200480021018', 'Application No. 200710181221']

Patent US7879137 - Lithographic projection apparatus, purge gas supply system and gas purging ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA lithographic projection apparatus (1) includes a support configured to support a patterning device (MA), the patterning device configured to pattern the projection beam according to a desired pattern. The apparatus has a substrate (W) table configure to hold a substrate, a projection system configured...http://www.google.com/patents/US7879137?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7879137 - Lithographic projection apparatus, purge gas supply system and gas purging methodAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7879137 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/565,486PCT numberPCT/US2004/023490Publication dateFeb 1, 2011Filing dateJul 21, 2004Priority dateJul 21, 2003Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCN1826560A, CN1853142A, CN1853142B, CN100590530C, CN101144986A, CN101144986B, DE602004027497D1, EP1646915A2, EP1646915B1, EP1649325A2, EP1649325B1, EP2211233A2, US7113254, US7384149, US7450215, US20050017198, US20050051739, US20070030463, US20070114467, WO2005008339A2, WO2005008339A3, WO2005010619A2, WO2005010619A3Publication number10565486, 565486, PCT/2004/23490, PCT/US/2004/023490, PCT/US/2004/23490, PCT/US/4/023490, PCT/US/4/23490, PCT/US2004/023490, PCT/US2004/23490, PCT/US2004023490, PCT/US200423490, PCT/US4/023490, PCT/US4/23490, PCT/US4023490, PCT/US423490, US 7879137 B2, US 7879137B2, US-B2-7879137, US7879137 B2, US7879137B2InventorsBipin S. Parekh, Jeffrey J. Spiegelman, Robert S. Zeller, Russell J. HolmesOriginal AssigneeEntegris, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (62), Non-Patent Citations (28), Referenced by (2), Classifications (16), Legal Events (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetLithographic projection apparatus, purge gas supply system and gas purging method
The term “patterning device” as here employed should be broadly interpreted as referring to a device that can be used to endow an incoming radiation beam with a patterned cross-section corresponding to a pattern that is to be created in a target portion of the substrate. The term “light valve” can also be used in this context. Generally, the pattern will correspond to a particular functional layer in a device being created in the target portion, such as an integrated circuit or other device (see below). An example of such a patterning device is a mask. The concept of a mask is well known in lithography, and it includes mask types such as binary, alternating phase-shift, and attenuated phase-shift, as well as various hybrid mask types. Placement of such a mask in the radiation beam causes selective transmission (in the case of a transmissive mask) or reflection (in the case of a reflective mask) of the radiation impinging on the mask, according to the pattern on the mask. In the case of a mask, the support structure will generally be a mask table, which ensures that the mask can be held at a desired position in the incoming radiation beam, and that it can be moved relative to the beam if so desired.
Lithographic projection apparatus can be used, for example, in the manufacture of integrated circuits (IC's). In such a case, the patterning device may generate a circuit pattern corresponding to an individual layer of the IC, and this pattern can be imaged onto a target portion (e.g. comprising one or more dies) on a substrate (silicon wafer) that has been coated with a layer of radiation-sensitive material (resist). In general, a single wafer will contain a whole network of adjacent target portions that are successively irradiated via the projection system, one at a time. In the current apparatus, employing patterning by a mask on a mask table, a distinction can be made between two different types of machine. In one type of lithographic projection apparatus, each target portion is irradiated by exposing the entire mask pattern onto the target portion at once. Such an apparatus is commonly referred to as a wafer stepper. In an alternative apparatus, commonly referred to as a step-and-scan apparatus, each target portion is irradiated by progressively scanning the mask pattern under the projection beam in a given reference direction (the “scanning” direction) while synchronously scanning the substrate table parallel or anti-parallel to this direction. Since, in general, the projection system will have a magnification factor M (generally <1), the speed V at which the substrate table is scanned will be a factor M times that at which the mask table is scanned. More information with regard to lithographic devices as here described can be seen, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 6,046,792.
In a known manufacturing process using a lithographic projection apparatus, a pattern (e.g., in a mask) is imaged onto a substrate that is at least partially covered by a layer of radiation-sensitive material (resist). Prior to this imaging, the substrate may undergo various procedures, such as priming, resist coating and a soft bake. After exposure, the substrate may be subjected to other procedures, such as a post-exposure bake (PEB), development, a hard bake and measurement/inspection of the imaged features. This array of procedures is used as a basis to pattern an individual layer of a device, e.g., an IC. Such a patterned layer may then undergo various processes such as etching, ion-implantation (doping), metallization, oxidation, chemo-mechanical polishing, etc., all intended to finish off an individual layer. If several layers are required, then the whole procedure, or a variant thereof, will have to be repeated for each new layer. It is important to ensure that the overlay (juxtaposition) of the various stacked layers is as accurate as possible. For this purpose, a small reference mark is provided at one or more positions on the wafer, thus defining the origin of a coordinate system on the wafer. Using optical and electronic devices in combination with the substrate holder positioning device (referred to hereinafter as “alignment system”), this mark can then be relocated each time a new layer has to be juxtaposed on an existing layer, and can be used as an alignment reference. Eventually, an array of devices will be present on the substrate (wafer). These devices are then separated from one another by a technique such as dicing or sawing, whence the individual devices can be mounted on a carrier, connected to pins, etc. Further information regarding such processes can be obtained, for example, from the book “Microchip Fabrication: A Practical Guide to Semiconductor Processing”, Third Edition, by Peter van Zant, McGraw Hill Publishing Co., 1997, ISBN 0-07-067250-4.
For the sake of simplicity, the projection system may hereinafter be referred to as the “lens.” However, this term should be broadly interpreted as encompassing various types of projection system, including refractive optics, reflective optics, and catadioptric systems, for example. The radiation system may also include components operating according to any of these design types for directing, shaping or controlling the projection beam of radiation, and such components may also be referred to below, collectively or singularly, as a “lens”. Further, the lithographic apparatus may be of a type having two or more substrate tables (and/or two or more mask tables). In such “multiple stage” devices, the additional tables may be used in parallel or preparatory steps that may be carried out on one or more tables while one or more other tables are being used for exposures. Dual stage lithographic apparatuses are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,441 and WO 98/40791.
In the present document, the terms “radiation” and “beam” are used to encompass all types of electromagnetic radiation, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation (e.g., with a wavelength of 365, 248, 193, 157 or 126 nm) and extreme ultra-violet (EUV) radiation (e.g., having a wavelength in the range 5-20 nm), as well as particle beams, such as ion beams or electron beams.
2. In scan mode, essentially the same scenario applies, except that a given target portion C is not exposed in a single “flash.” Instead, the mask table MT is movable in a given direction (the so-called “scan direction”, e.g., the Y direction) with a speed v, so that the projection beam PB is caused to scan over a mask image. Concurrently, the substrate table WT is simultaneously moved in the same or opposite direction at a speed. V=Mv, in which M is the magnification of the lens PL (typically, M=� or ⅕). In this manner, a relatively large target portion C can be exposed, without having to compromise on resolution.
FIG. 2 shows the projection system PL and a radiation system 2 that can be used in the lithographic projection apparatus 1 of FIG. 1. The radiation system 2 includes an illumination optics unit 4. The radiation system 2 can also comprise a source-collector module or radiation unit 3. The radiation unit 3 is provided with a radiation source LA that can be formed by a discharge plasma. The radiation source LA may employ a gas or vapor, such as Xe gas or Li vapor in which a very hot plasma may be created to emit radiation in the EUV range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The very hot plasma is created by causing a partially ionized plasma of an electrical discharge to collapse onto the optical axis 0. Partial pressures of 0.1 mbar of Xe, Li vapor or any other suitable gas or vapor may be required for efficient generation of the radiation. The radiation emitted by radiation source LA is passed from the source chamber 7 into collector chamber 8 via a gas barrier structure or “foil trap” 9. The gas barrier structure 9 includes a channel structure such as, for instance, described in detail in EP 1 233 468 A and EP 1 057 079 A.
Because purifiers are regenerable, the system can be used for a long time by regenerating the purifiers in case they become saturated with the compounds removed from the purge gas. The regenerable purifiers may be of any suitable type, for example, a regenerable filter which removes contaminating compounds or particles out of a gas by a physical process, such as adsorption, catalysis or otherwise, as opposed to non regenerable chemical processes occurring in a charcoal filter, for example. In general, a regenerable purifier does not contain organic material and the regenerable purifiers typically contain a material suitable for physically binding a contaminant of the purge gas, such as metals, including zeolite, titanium oxides, gallium or palladium compounds, or others. Preferred purifiers are inert gas and oxygen-compatible purifiers such as the Aeronex Inert or XCDA purifiers (CE-70KF—I, O, or N) available from Mykrolis Corp.
The moisturizer 150 shown in FIG. 4 includes a liquid vessel 151 which is filled to a liquid level A with a liquid 154, such as high purity water for example. A gas inlet 1521 (hereinafter “wet gas inlet 1521”), is placed mounding submerged in the liquid 154, that is below the liquid level A. Another gas inlet 1522 (hereinafter “dry gas inlet 1522”), is placed mounding above the liquid level A, that is in the part of the liquid vessel 151 not filled with the liquid 154. A gas outlet 153 connects the part of the liquid vessel 153 above the liquid 154 with other parts of the purge gas supply system 100. A purge gas, e.g. purified compressed dry air, is fed into the liquid vessel 151 via the wet gas inlet 1521. Thus, bubbles 159 of purge gas are generated in the liquid 154. Due to buoyancy, the bubbles 159 travel upwards after mounding in the liquid 154, as indicated in FIG. 4 by arrow B. During this upwards traveling period, moisture from the liquid 154 enters the bubbles 159, for example due to diffusive processes. Thus, the purge gas in the bubbles 159 is mixed with moisture. At the surface of the liquid i.e. at the liquid level A, the bubbles 159 supply their gaseous content to the gas(es) present in the liquid vessel 151 above the liquid 154. The resulting purge gas mixture is discharged from the vessel via the gas outlet 153.
A diagram of a particularly preferred moisturizer is shown in FIG. 5, the commercial embodiment of which is the pHasor™ II Membrane Contactor, which is marketed by Mykrolis Corporation of Billerica, Mass. As illustrated in FIG. 5, fluid 1 enters the moisturizer 2 through the fiber lumens 3, traverses the interior of the moisturizer 2 while in the lumens 3, where it is separated from fluid 4 by the membrane, and exits the contactor 2 through the fiber lumens at connection 40. Fluid 4 enters the housing through connection 30 and substantially fills the space between the inner wall of the housing and the outer diameters of the fibers, and exits through connector 20. One of the purge gas and the water is fluid 1 and the other is fluid 4. Preferably, the water is fluid 4.
Suitable materials for these hollow fiber membranes include perfluorinated thermoplastic polymers such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoro(alkylvinylether)) (poly(PTFE-CO-PFVAE)), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) or a blend thereof, because these polymers are not adversely affected by severe conditions of use. PFA Teflon� is an example of a poly(PTFE-CO-PFVAE)) in which the alkyl is primarily or completely the propyl group. FEP Teflon� is an example of poly(FEP). Both are manufactured by DuPont. Neoflon™ PFA (Daikin Industries) is a polymer similar to DuPont's PFA Teflon�. A poly(PTFE-CO-PFVAE) in which the alkyl group is primarily methyl is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,006, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. A preferred polymer is Hyflon� poly(PTFE-CO-PFVAE) 620, obtainable from Ausimont USA, Inc., Thorofare, N.J. Methods of forming these polymers into hollow fiber membranes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,582,496 and 4,902,456, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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dateApplicantTitleUS8500871 *Aug 21, 2009Aug 6, 2013Toray Industries, Inc.Water-vapor-permeable membrane, hollow-fiber membrane, and hollow-fiber membrane moduleUS20120174790 *Aug 21, 2009Jul 12, 2012Toray Industries, Inc.Water-vapor-permeable membrane, hollow-fiber membrane, and hollow-fiber membrane module* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification95/52, 96/12, 96/10, 355/30, 96/8, 96/11, 261/101, 355/53International ClassificationG02B27/00, G03B21/14, B01D53/22, G03F7/20Cooperative ClassificationG03F7/70933, G02B27/0006European ClassificationG02B27/00C, G03F7/70P8FLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 3, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: MYKROLIS CORPORATION, MASSACHUSETTSFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PAREKH, BIPIN S.;SPIEGELMAN, JEFFREY J.;ZELLER, ROBERT S.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015332/0606;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040806 TO 20041026Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PAREKH, BIPIN S.;SPIEGELMAN, JEFFREY J.;ZELLER, ROBERT 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