Source: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2017-title23/html/USCODE-2017-title23-chap4-sec405.htm
Timestamp: 2019-09-19 10:38:23
Document Index: 554296555

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2003', '§2002', '§421', '§121', '§31105', '§4005', '§230', '§121', '§135', '§4005', '§4005', '§121', '§421', '§2004', '§4010', '§2011', '§421', '§121', '§31109', '§2003']

Sec. 405 - National priority safety programs
(a) General Authority.—Subject to the requirements of this section, the Secretary shall manage programs to address national priorities for reducing highway deaths and injuries. Funds shall be allocated according to the following:
(1) Occupant protection.—In each fiscal year, 13 percent of the funds provided under this section shall be allocated among States that adopt and implement effective occupant protection programs to reduce highway deaths and injuries resulting from individuals riding unrestrained or improperly restrained in motor vehicles (as described in subsection (b)).
(2) State traffic safety information system improvements.—In each fiscal year, 14.5 percent of the funds provided under this section shall be allocated among States that meet requirements with respect to State traffic safety information system improvements (as described in subsection (c)).
(3) Impaired driving countermeasures.—In each fiscal year, 52.5 percent of the funds provided under this section shall be allocated among States that meet requirements with respect to impaired driving countermeasures (as described in subsection (d)).
(4) Distracted driving.—In each fiscal year, 8.5 percent of the funds provided under this section shall be allocated among States that adopt and implement effective laws to reduce distracted driving (as described in subsection (e)).
(5) Motorcyclist safety.—In each fiscal year, 1.5 percent of the funds provided under this section shall be allocated among States that implement motorcyclist safety programs (as described in subsection (f)).
(6) State graduated driver licensing laws.—In each fiscal year, 5 percent of the funds provided under this section shall be allocated among States that adopt and implement graduated driver licensing laws (as described in subsection (g)).
(7) Nonmotorized safety.—In each fiscal year, 5 percent of the funds provided under this section shall be allocated among States that meet requirements with respect to nonmotorized safety (as described in subsection (h)).
(8) Transfers.—Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (7), the Secretary shall reallocate, before the last day of any fiscal year, any amounts remaining available to carry out any of the activities described in subsections (b) through (h) to increase the amount made available under section 402, in order to ensure, to the maximum extent possible, that all such amounts are obligated during such fiscal year.
(9) Maintenance of effort.—
(A) Certification.—As part of the grant application required in section 402(k)(3)(F), a State receiving a grant in any fiscal year under subsection (b), (c), or (d) of this section shall provide certification that the lead State agency responsible for programs described in any of those subsections is maintaining aggregate expenditures at or above the average level of such expenditures in the 2 fiscal years prior to the date of enactment of the FAST Act.
(B) Waiver.—Upon the request of a State, the Secretary may waive or modify the requirements under subparagraph (A) for not more than 1 fiscal year if the Secretary determines that such a waiver would be equitable due to exceptional or uncontrollable circumstances.
(10) Political subdivisions.—A State may provide the funds awarded under this section to a political subdivision of the State or an Indian tribal government.
(b) Occupant Protection Grants.—
(1) General authority.—Subject to the requirements under this subsection, the Secretary of Transportation shall award grants to States that adopt and implement effective occupant protection programs to reduce highway deaths and injuries resulting from individuals riding unrestrained or improperly restrained in motor vehicles.
(2) Federal share.—The Federal share of the costs of activities funded using amounts from grants awarded under this subsection may not exceed 80 percent for each fiscal year for which a State receives a grant.
(A) High seat belt use rate.—A State with an observed seat belt use rate of 90 percent or higher, based on the most recent data from a survey that conforms with national criteria established by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, shall be eligible for a grant in a fiscal year if the State—
(B) Lower seat belt use rate.—A State with an observed seat belt use rate below 90 percent, based on the most recent data from a survey that conforms with national criteria established by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, shall be eligible for a grant in a fiscal year if—
(4) Use of grant amounts.—
(A) In general.—Grant funds received pursuant to this subsection may be used to—
(B) High seat belt use rate.—A State that is eligible for funds under paragraph (3)(A) may use up to 100 percent of such funds for any project or activity eligible for funding under section 402.
(5) Grant amount.—The allocation of grant funds to a State under this subsection for a fiscal year shall be in proportion to the State's apportionment under section 402 for fiscal year 2009.
(A) Child restraint.—The term "child restraint" means any device (including child safety seat, booster seat, harness, and excepting seat belts) that is—
(B) Seat belt.—The term "seat belt" means—
(c) State Traffic Safety Information System Improvements.—
(1) General authority.—Subject to the requirements under this subsection, the Secretary of Transportation shall award grants to States to support the development and implementation of effective State programs that—
(2) Federal share.—The Federal share of the cost of adopting and implementing in a fiscal year a State program described in this subsection may not exceed 80 percent.
(3) Eligibility.—A State is not eligible for a grant under this subsection in a fiscal year unless the State demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that the State—
(4) Use of grant amounts.—Grant funds received by a State under this subsection shall be used for making data program improvements to core highway safety databases related to quantifiable, measurable progress in any of the 6 significant data program attributes set forth in paragraph (3)(D).
(d) Impaired Driving Countermeasures.—
(1) In general.—Subject to the requirements under this subsection, the Secretary of Transportation shall award grants to States that adopt and implement—
(2) Federal share.—The Federal share of the costs of activities funded using amounts from grants under this subsection may not exceed 80 percent in any fiscal year in which the State receives a grant.
(A) Low-range states.—Low-range States shall be eligible for a grant under this subsection.
(B) Mid-range states.—A mid-range State shall be eligible for a grant under this subsection if—
(C) High-range states.—A high-range State shall be eligible for a grant under this subsection if the State—
(A) Required programs.—High-range States shall use grant funds for—
(B) Authorized programs.—Medium-range and low-range States may use grant funds for—
(C) Other programs.—Low-range States may use grant funds for any expenditure designed to reduce impaired driving based on problem identification and may use not more than 50 percent of funds made available under this subsection for any project or activity eligible for funding under section 402. Medium-range and high-range States may use funds for any expenditure designed to reduce impaired driving based on problem identification upon approval by the Secretary.
(5) Grant amount.—Subject to paragraph (6), the allocation of grant funds to a State under this section for a fiscal year shall be in proportion to the State's apportionment under section 402 for fiscal year 2009.
(6) Additional grants.—
(A) Grants to states with alcohol-ignition interlock laws.—The Secretary shall make a separate grant under this subsection to each State that adopts and is enforcing a mandatory alcohol-ignition interlock law for all individuals convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol or of driving while intoxicated.
(B) Grants to states with 24-7 sobriety programs.—The Secretary shall make a separate grant under this subsection to each State that—
(C) Use of funds.—Grants authorized under subparagraph (A) and subparagraph (B) may be used by recipient States for any eligible activities under this subsection or section 402.
(D) Allocation.—Amounts made available under this paragraph shall be allocated among States described in subparagraph (A) and subparagraph (B) in proportion to the State's apportionment under section 402 for fiscal year 2009.
(i) Funding for grants to states with alcohol-ignition interlock laws.—Not more than 12 percent of the amounts made available to carry out this subsection in a fiscal year shall be made available by the Secretary for making grants under subparagraph (A).
(ii) Funding for grants to states with 24-7 sobriety programs.—Not more than 3 percent of the amounts made available to carry out this subsection in a fiscal year shall be made available by the Secretary for making grants under subparagraph (B).
(F) Exceptions.—A State alcohol-ignition interlock law under subparagraph (A) may include exceptions for the following circumstances:
(A) 24-7 sobriety program.—The term "24-7 sobriety program" means a State law or program that authorizes a State court or an agency with jurisdiction, as a condition of bond, sentence, probation, parole, or work permit, to—
(B) Average impaired driving fatality rate.—The term "average impaired driving fatality rate" means the number of fatalities in motor vehicle crashes involving a driver with a blood alcohol concentration of at least 0.08 percent for every 100,000,000 vehicle miles traveled, based on the most recently reported 3 calendar years of final data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, as calculated in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
(C) High-range state.—The term "high-range State" means a State that has an average impaired driving fatality rate of 0.60 or higher.
(D) Low-range state.—The term "low-range State" means a State that has an average impaired driving fatality rate of 0.30 or lower.
(E) Mid-range state.—The term "mid-range State" means a State that has an average impaired driving fatality rate that is higher than 0.30 and lower than 0.60.
(e) Distracted Driving Grants.—
(1) In general.—The Secretary shall award a grant under this subsection to any State that includes distracted driving awareness as part of the State's driver's license examination, and enacts and enforces a law that meets the requirements set forth in paragraphs (2) and (3).
(2) Prohibition on texting while driving.—A State law meets the requirements set forth in this paragraph if the law—
(3) Prohibition on youth cell phone use while driving or stopped in traffic.—A State law meets the requirements set forth in this paragraph if the law—
(A) prohibits a driver from using a personal wireless communications device while driving if the driver is—
(4) Permitted exceptions.—A law that meets the requirements set forth in paragraph (2) or (3) may provide exceptions for—
(5) Use of grant funds.—
(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), amounts received by a State under this subsection shall be used—
(B) Flexibility.—
(6) Additional distracted driving grants.—
(A) In general.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), for each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018, the Secretary shall use up to 25 percent of the amounts available for grants under this subsection to award grants to any State that—
(i) in fiscal year 2017—
(I) certifies that it has enacted a basic text messaging statute that—
(ii) in fiscal year 2018—
(B) Use of grant funds.—
(i) In general.—Notwithstanding paragraph (5) and subject to clauses (ii) and (iii) of this subparagraph, amounts received by a State under subparagraph (A) may be used for activities related to the enforcement of distracted driving laws, including for public information and awareness purposes.
(ii) Fiscal year 2017.—In fiscal year 2017, up to 15 percent of the amounts received by a State under subparagraph (A) may be used for any eligible project or activity under section 402.
(iii) Fiscal year 2018.—In fiscal year 2018, up to 25 percent of the amounts received by a State under subparagraph (A) may be used for any eligible project or activity under section 402.
(7) Allocation to support state distracted driving laws.—Of the amounts available under this subsection in a fiscal year for distracted driving grants, the Secretary may expend not more than $5,000,000 for the development and placement of broadcast media to reduce distracted driving of motor vehicles.
(8) Grant amount.—The allocation of grant funds to a State under this subsection for a fiscal year shall be in proportion to the State's apportionment under section 402 for fiscal year 2009.
(9) Definitions.—In this subsection, the following definitions apply:
(A) Driving.—The term "driving"—
(B) Personal wireless communications device.—The term "personal wireless communications device"—
(C) Primary offense.—The term "primary offense" means an offense for which a law enforcement officer may stop a vehicle solely for the purpose of issuing a citation in the absence of evidence of another offense.
(D) Public road.—The term "public road" has the meaning given such term in section 402(c).
(E) Texting.—The term "texting" means reading from or manually entering data into a personal wireless communications device, including doing so for the purpose of SMS texting, emailing, instant messaging, or engaging in any other form of electronic data retrieval or electronic data communication.
(f) Motorcyclist Safety.—
(1) Grants authorized.—Subject to the requirements under this subsection, the Secretary shall award grants to States that adopt and implement effective programs to reduce the number of single- and multi-vehicle crashes involving motorcyclists.
(2) Grant amount.—The allocation of grant funds to a State under this subsection for a fiscal year shall be in proportion to the State's apportionment under section 402 for fiscal year 2009, except that the amount of a grant awarded to a State for a fiscal year may not exceed 25 percent of the amount apportioned to the State under such section for fiscal year 2009.
(3) Grant eligibility.—A State becomes eligible for a grant under this subsection by adopting or demonstrating to the satisfaction of the Secretary, at least 2 of the following criteria:
(A) Motorcycle rider training courses.—An effective motorcycle rider training course that is offered throughout the State, which—
(B) Motorcyclists awareness program.—An effective statewide program to enhance motorist awareness of the presence of motorcyclists on or near roadways and safe driving practices that avoid injuries to motorcyclists.
(C) Reduction of fatalities and crashes involving motorcycles.—A reduction for the preceding calendar year in the number of motorcycle fatalities and the rate of motor vehicle crashes involving motorcycles in the State (expressed as a function of 10,000 motorcycle registrations).
(D) Impaired driving program.—Implementation of a statewide program to reduce impaired driving, including specific measures to reduce impaired motorcycle operation.
(E) Reduction of fatalities and accidents involving impaired motorcyclists.—A reduction for the preceding calendar year in the number of fatalities and the rate of reported crashes involving alcohol- or drug-impaired motorcycle operators (expressed as a function of 10,000 motorcycle registrations).
(F) Fees collected from motorcyclists.—All fees collected by the State from motorcyclists for the purposes of funding motorcycle training and safety programs will be used for motorcycle training and safety purposes.
(4) Eligible uses.—
(A) In general.—A State may use funds from a grant under this subsection only for motorcyclist safety training and motorcyclist awareness programs, including—
(B) Suballocations of funds.—An agency of a State that receives a grant under this subsection may suballocate funds from the grant to a nonprofit organization incorporated in that State to carry out this subsection.
(C) Flexibility.—Not more than 50 percent of grant funds received by a State under this subsection may be used for any eligible project or activity under section 402 if the State is in the lowest 25 percent of all States for motorcycle deaths per 10,000 motorcycle registrations based on the most recent data that conforms with criteria established by the Secretary.
(A) Motorcyclist awareness.—The term "motorcyclist awareness" means individual or collective awareness of—
(B) Motorcyclist awareness program.—The term "motorcyclist awareness program" means an informational or public awareness program designed to enhance motorcyclist awareness that is developed by or in coordination with the designated State authority having jurisdiction over motorcyclist safety issues, which may include the State motorcycle safety administrator or a motorcycle advisory council appointed by the governor of the State.
(C) Motorcyclist safety training.—The term "motorcyclist safety training" means a formal program of instruction that is approved for use in a State by the designated State authority having jurisdiction over motorcyclist safety issues, which may include the State motorcycle safety administrator or a motorcycle advisory council appointed by the governor of the State.
(D) State.—The term "State" has the meaning given such term in section 101(a) of title 23, United States Code.
(6) Share-the-road model language.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary shall update and provide to the States model language, for use in traffic safety education courses, driver's manuals, and other driver training materials, that provides instruction for drivers of motor vehicles on the importance of sharing the road safely with motorcyclists.
(g) State Graduated Driver Licensing Incentive Grant.—
(1) Grants authorized.—Subject to the requirements under this subsection, the Secretary shall award grants to States that adopt and implement graduated driver licensing laws in accordance with the requirements set forth in paragraph (2).
(2) Minimum requirements.—
(A) In general.—A State meets the requirements set forth in this paragraph if the State has a graduated driver licensing law that requires novice drivers younger than 18 years of age to comply with the 2-stage licensing process described in subparagraph (B) before receiving an unrestricted driver's license.
(B) Licensing process.—A State is in compliance with the 2-stage licensing process described in this subparagraph if the State's driver's license laws include—
(i) a learner's permit stage that—
(V) has a requirement that the driver—
(VI) remains in effect until the driver—
(iii) learner's permit and intermediate stages that each require, in addition to any other penalties imposed by State law, that the granting of an unrestricted driver's license be automatically delayed for any individual who, during the learner's permit or intermediate stage, is convicted of a driving-related offense during the first 6 months, including—
(A) In general.—The Secretary shall promulgate regulations necessary to implement the requirements set forth in paragraph (2), in accordance with the notice and comment provisions under section 553 of title 5.
(B) Exception.—A State that otherwise meets the minimum requirements set forth in paragraph (2) shall be deemed by the Secretary to be in compliance with the requirement set forth in paragraph (2) if the State enacted a law before January 1, 2011, establishing a class of license that permits licensees or applicants younger than 18 years of age to drive a motor vehicle—
(4) Allocation.—Grant funds allocated to a State under this subsection for a fiscal year shall be in proportion to a State's apportionment under section 402 for such fiscal year.
(5) Use of funds.—Of the grant funds received by a State under this subsection—
(6) Special rule.—Notwithstanding paragraph (5), up to 100 percent of grant funds received by a State under this subsection may be used for any eligible project or activity under section 402, if the State is in the lowest 25 percent of all States for the number of drivers under age 18 involved in fatal crashes in the State per the total number of drivers under age 18 in the State based on the most recent data that conforms with criteria established by the Secretary.
(h) Nonmotorized Safety.—
(1) General authority.—Subject to the requirements under this subsection, the Secretary shall award grants to States for the purpose of decreasing pedestrian and bicycle fatalities and injuries that result from crashes involving a motor vehicle.
(2) Federal share.—The Federal share of the cost of a project carried out by a State using amounts from a grant awarded under this subsection may not exceed 80 percent.
(3) Eligibility.—A State shall receive a grant under this subsection in a fiscal year if the annual combined pedestrian and bicycle fatalities in the State exceed 15 percent of the total annual crash fatalities in the State, based on the most recently reported final data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.
(4) Use of grant amounts.—Grant funds received by a State under this subsection may be used for—
(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2003(a)(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 325; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §§2002(e), 2004, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1522, 1524; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §421(c)(1), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §121(c)(1), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 347; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, §31105(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 741; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title IV, §§4005, 4014(3), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1501, 1513.)
A prior section 405, added Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §230(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 293; amended Pub. L. 93–643, §121, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2289, related to the Federal-aid safer roads demonstration program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §135(c), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 442.
2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–94, §4005(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text related to the general authority of the Secretary of Transportation to manage programs to address national priorities for reducing highway deaths and injuries.
Subsec. (d)(6)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §4005(c)(2)(B), amended heading generally. Prior to amendment, heading read as follows: "In general.—".
2011—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–30, §121(c)(1)(A), substituted "9" for "8".
2010—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 111–147, §421(c)(1)(A), substituted "8" for "6".
2005—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §2004(a)(1), substituted "SAFETEA–LU" for "Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century".
Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title IV, §4010, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1511, provided that: "Not later than 60 days after the date on which the Secretary [of Transportation] awards grants under section 405 of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary shall make available on a publicly available Internet Web site of the Department of Transportation—
"(1) an identification of—
Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2011, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1538, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §421(j)(1), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §121(j)(1), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 348, related to child safety and child booster seat incentive grants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, §31109(h), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 757.
Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2003(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 327, authorized the Secretary to make grants to States to implement child passenger protection programs, required reports from States and the Secretary regarding those programs, and authorized appropriations for fiscal years 2000 and 2001.