Source: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106
Timestamp: 2019-11-15 10:35:05
Document Index: 418724514

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 1910', '§ 1910', '§ 1910', '§ 1910', '§ 1910', '§ 1910', 'art.\n1910', 'art.\n1910', 'art.\n1910', 'art.\n1910']

1910.106 - Flammable liquids. | Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1910.106(a)
1910.106(a)(1)
1910.106(a)(3)
Automotive service station shall mean that portion of property where flammable liquids used as motor fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles and shall include any facilities available for the sale and service of tires, batteries, and accessories, and for minor automotive maintenance work. Major automotive repairs, painting, body and fender work are excluded.
1910.106(a)(4)
Basement shall mean a story of a building or structure having one-half or more of its height below ground level and to which access for fire fighting purposes is unduly restricted.
1910.106(a)(5)
Boiling point shall mean the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute (p.s.i.a.) (760 mm.). Where an accurate boiling point is unavailable for the material in question, or for mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point, for purposes of this section the 10 percent point of a distillation performed in accordance with the Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products, ASTM D-86-62, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6, may be used as the boiling point of the liquid.
Boilover shall mean the expulsion of crude oil (or certain other liquids) from a burning tank. The light fractions of the crude oil burnoff producing a heat wave in the residue, which on reaching a water strata may result in the expulsion of a portion of the contents of the tank in the form of froth.
1910.106(a)(7)
Bulk plant shall mean that portion of a property where flammable liquids are received by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car, or tank vehicle, and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank car, tank vehicle, or container.
1910.106(a)(8)
Chemical plant shall mean a large integrated plant or that portion of such a plant other than a refinery or distillery where flammable liquids are produced by chemical reactions or used in chemical reactions.
1910.106(a)(9)
Closed container shall mean a container as herein defined, so sealed by means of a lid or other device that neither liquid nor vapor will escape from it at ordinary temperatures.
1910.106(a)(10)
Crude petroleum shall mean hydrocarbon mixtures that have a flash point below 150 deg. F. and which have not been processed in a refinery.
1910.106(a)(11)
Distillery shall mean a plant or that portion of a plant where flammable liquids produced by fermentation are concentrated,and where the concentrated products may also be mixed, stored, or packaged.
1910.106(a)(12)
Fire area shall mean an area of a building separated from the remainder of the building by construction having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour and having all communicating openings properly protected by an assembly having a fire resistance rating of at least 1 hour.
1910.106(a)(13)
Flammable aerosol shall mean a flammable aerosol as defined by Appendix B to § 1910.1200—Physical Hazard Criteria. For the purposes of paragraph (d) of this section, such aerosols are considered Category 1 flammable liquids.
Flashpoint means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid, and shall be determined as follows:
1910.106(a)(14)(i)
For a liquid which has a viscosity of less than 45 SUS at 100 °F (37.8 °C), does not contain suspended solids, and does not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test, the procedure specified in the Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Tag Closed Tester (ASTM D-56-70), which is incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6, or an equivalent test method as defined in Appendix B to § 1910.1200—Physical Hazard Criteria, shall be used.
1910.106(a)(14)(ii)
For a liquid which has a viscosity of 45 SUS or more at 100 °F (37.8 °C), or contains suspended solids, or has a tendency to form a surface film while under test, the Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester (ASTM D-93-71) or an equivalent method as defined by Appendix B to § 1910.1200—Physical Hazard Criteria, shall be used except that the methods specified in Note 1 to section 1.1 of ASTM D-93-71 may be used for the respective materials specified in the Note. The preceding ASTM standard is incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6.
1910.106(a)(14)(iii)
For a liquid that is a mixture of compounds that have different volatilities and flashpoints, its flashpoint shall be determined by using the procedure specified in paragraph (a)(14)(i) or (ii) of this section on the liquid in the form it is shipped.
1910.106(a)(14)(iv)
Organic peroxides, which undergo auto accelerating thermal decomposition, are excluded from any of the flashpoint determination methods specified in this subparagraph.
1910.106(a)(15)
Hotel shall mean buildings or groups of buildings under the same management in which there are sleeping accommodations for hire, primarily used by transients who are lodged with or without meals including but not limited to inns, clubs, motels, and apartment hotels.
1910.106(a)(16)
Institutional occupancy shall mean the occupancy or use of a building or structure or any portion thereof by persons harbored or detained to receive medical, charitable or other care or treatment, or by persons involuntarily detained.
1910.106(a)(17)
Liquid shall mean, for the purpose of this section, any material which has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt when tested in accordance with ASTM Test for Penetration for Bituminous Materials, D-5-65, which is incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6.
Flammable liquid means any liquid having a flashpoint at or below 199.4 °F (93 °C). Flammable liquids are divided into four categories as follows:
1910.106(a)(20)
Unstable (reactive) liquid shall mean a liquid which in the pure state or as commercially produced or transported will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure, or temperature.
Low-pressure tank shall mean a storage tank which has been designed to operate at pressures above 0.5 p.s.i.g. but not more than 15 p.s.i.g.
1910.106(a)(22)
Marine service station shall mean that portion of a property where flammable liquids used as fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment on shore, piers, wharves, or floating docks into the fuel tanks of self-propelled craft, and shall include all facilities used in connection therewith.
1910.106(a)(23)
Mercantile occupancy shall mean the occupancy or use of a building or structure or any portion thereof for the displaying, selling, or buying of goods, wares, or merchandise.
1910.106(a)(24)
Office occupancy shall mean the occupancy or use of a building or structure or any portion thereof for the transaction of business, or the rendering or receiving of professional services.
1910.106(a)(25)
Portable tank shall mean a closed container having a liquid capacity over 60 U.S. gallons and not intended for fixed installation.
Pressure vessel shall mean a storage tank or vessel which has been designed to operate at pressures above 15 p.s.i.g.
1910.106(a)(27)
Protection for exposure shall mean adequate fire protection for structures on property adjacent to tanks, where there are employees of the establishment.
1910.106(a)(28)
Refinery shall mean a plant in which flammable liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbon sources.
1910.106(a)(30)
Vapor pressure shall mean the pressure, measured in pounds per square inch (absolute) exerted by a volatile liquid as determined by the "Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)," American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM D323-68, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6.
1910.106(a)(32)
Storage: flammable liquids shall be stored in a tank or in a container that complies with paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
Barrel shall mean a volume of 42 U.S. gallons.
1910.106(a)(34)
Container shall mean any can, barrel, or drum.
1910.106(a)(35)
Approved unless otherwise indicated, approved, or listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Refer to 1910.7 for definition of nationally recognized testing laboratory.
1910.106(a)(36)
Listed see "approved" in 1910.106(a)(35).
1910.106(a)(37)
"SUS" means Saybolt Universal Seconds as determined by the Standard Method of Test for Saybolt Viscosity (ASTM D-88-56), and may be determined by use of the SUS conversion tables specified in ASTM Method D2161-66 following determination of viscosity in accordance with the procedures specified in the Standard Method of Test for Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (ASTM D445-65).
1910.106(a)(38)
"Viscous" means a viscosity of 45 SUS or more.
"Tank storage" -
1910.106(b)(1)
"Design and construction of tanks" -
1910.106(b)(1)(i)
1910.106(b)(1)(i)(a)
Tanks shall be built of steel except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(b) through (e) of this section.
1910.106(b)(1)(i)(b)
1910.106(b)(1)(i)(c)
1910.106(b)(1)(i)(d)
1910.106(b)(1)(i)(e)
1910.106(b)(1)(i)(f)
1910.106(b)(1)(ii)
1910.106(b)(1)(ii)(a)
1910.106(b)(1)(ii)(b)
1910.106(b)(1)(iii)
1910.106(b)(1)(iii)(a)
Atmospheric tanks shall be built in accordance with acceptable good standards of design. Atmospheric tanks may be built in accordance with the following consensus standards that are incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6:
1910.106(b)(1)(iii)(a)(1)
1910.106(b)(1)(iii)(a)(2)
American Petroleum Institute Standards No. 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, Third Edition, 1966.
1910.106(b)(1)(iii)(a)(3)
Tanks designed for underground service not exceeding 2,500 gallons capacity may be used aboveground.
1910.106(b)(1)(iv)(a)
1910.106(b)(1)(iv)(b)
Low-pressure tanks shall be built in accordance with acceptable standards of design. Low-pressure tanks may be built in accordance with the following consensus standards that are incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.106:
1910.106(b)(1)(iv)(b)(1)
1910.106(b)(1)(iv)(b)(2)
1910.106(b)(1)(iv)(c)
Atmospheric tanks built according to Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., requirements in subdivision (iii)(a) of and shall be limited to 2.5 p.s.i.g. under emergency venting conditions.
1910.106(b)(1)(iv)(d)
1910.106(b)(1)(v)(a)
1910.106(b)(1)(vi)
1910.106(b)(2)
"Installation of outside above ground tanks."
1910.106(b)(2)(i)
1910.106(b)(2)(ii)
"Spacing (shell-to-shell) between above ground tanks."
1910.106(b)(2)(ii)(a)
The distance between any two flammable liquid storage tanks shall not be less than 3 feet.
1910.106(b)(2)(ii)(b)
Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2)(ii)(c) of this section, the distance between any two adjacent tanks shall not be less than one-sixth the sum of their diameters. When the diameter of one tank is less than one-half the diameter of the adjacent tank, the distance between the two tanks shall not be less than one-half the diameter of the smaller tank.
1910.106(b)(2)(ii)(c)
Where crude petroleum in conjunction with production facilities are located in noncongested areas and have capacities not exceeding 126,000 gallons (3,000 barrels), the distance between such tanks shall not be less than 3 feet.
1910.106(b)(2)(ii)(d)
1910.106(b)(2)(ii)(e)
1910.106(b)(2)(ii)(f)
The minimum separation between a liquefied petroleum gas container and a flammable liquid storage tank shall be 20 feet, except in the case of flammable liquid tanks operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 p.s.i.g. or equipped with emergency venting which will permit pressures to exceed 2.5 p.s.i.g. in which case the provisions of subdivisions (a) and (b) of this subdivision shall apply. Suitable means shall be taken to prevent the accumulation of flammable liquids under adjacent liquefied petroleum gas containers such as by diversion curbs or grading. When flammable liquid storage tanks are within a diked area, the liquefied petroleum gas containers shall be outside the diked area and at least 10 feet away from the centerline of the wall of the diked area. The foregoing provisions shall not apply when liquefied petroleum gas containers of 125 gallons or less capacity are installed adjacent to fuel oil supply tanks of 550 gallons or less capacity.
1910.106(b)(2)(iii)
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)
"Normal venting for above ground tanks."
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(a)
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(b)
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(b)(1)
The American Petroleum Institute Standard 2000 (1968), Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6; or
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(b)(2)
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(b)(3)
shall be at least as large as the filling or withdrawal connection, whichever is larger but in no case less than 1 1/4 inch nominal inside diameter.
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(c)
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(d)
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(e)
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(f)(1)
Tanks and pressure vessels storing Category 1 flammable liquids shall be equipped with venting devices which shall be normally closed except when venting to pressure or vacuum conditions. Tanks and pressure vessels storing Category 2 flammable liquids and Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C) shall be equipped with venting devices which shall be normally closed except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions, or with approved flame arresters.
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(f)(2)
Exemption: Tanks of 3,000 bbls (barrels). capacity or less containing crude petroleum in crude-producing areas and outside aboveground atmospheric tanks under 1,000 gallons capacity containing other than Category 1 flammable liquids may have open vents. (See paragraph (b)(2)(vi)(b) of this section.)
1910.106(b)(2)(iv)(g)
Flame arresters or venting devices required in paragraph (b)(2)(iv)(f) of this section may be omitted for Category 2 flammable liquids and Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C) where conditions are such that their use may, in case of obstruction, result in tank damage.
"Emergency relief venting for fire exposure for above ground tanks."
1910.106(b)(2)(v)(a)
1910.106(b)(2)(v)(b)
In a vertical tank the construction referred to in subdivision (a) of this subdivision may take the form of a floating roof, lifter roof, a weak roof-to-shell seam, or other approved pressure relieving construction. The weak roof-to-shell seam shall be constructed to fail preferential to any other seam.
1910.106(b)(2)(v)(c)
Where entire dependence for emergency relief is placed upon pressure relieving devices, the total venting capacity of both normal and emergency vents shall be enough to prevent rupture of the shell or bottom of the tank if vertical, or of the shell or heads if horizontal. If unstable liquids are stored, the effects of heat or gas resulting from polymerization, decomposition, condensation, or self-reactivity shall be taken into account. The total capacity of both normal and emergency venting devices shall be not less than that derived from Table H-10 except as provided in subdivision (e) or (f) of this subdivision. Such device may be a self-closing manhole cover, or one using long bolts that permit the cover to lift under internal pressure, or an additional or larger relief valve or valves. The wetted area of the tank shall be calculated on the basis of 55 percent of the total exposed area of a sphere or spheroid, 75 percent of the total exposed area of a horizontal tank and the first 30 feet above grade of the exposed shell area of a vertical tank.
For tanks and storage vessels designed for pressure over 1 p.s.i.g., the total rate of venting shall be determined in accordance with Table H-10, except that when the exposed wetted area of the surface is greater than 2,800 square feet, the total rate of venting shall be calculated by the following formula:
V = 1337 divided by L square root of M
The required airflow rate of subdivision (c) or (e) of this subdivision may be multiplied by the appropriate factor listed in the following schedule when protection is provided as indicated. Only one factor may be used for any one tank.
1910.106(b)(2)(v)(g)
1910.106(b)(2)(v)(h)
Each commercial tank venting device shall have stamped on it the opening pressure, the pressure at which the valve reaches the full open position, and the flow capacity at the latter pressure, expressed in cubic feet per hour of air at 60 deg. F. and at a pressure of 14.7 p.s.i.a.
1910.106(b)(2)(v)(i)
The flow capacity of tank venting devices 12 inches and smaller in nominal pipe size shall be determined by actual test of each type and size of vent. These flow tests may be conducted by the manufacturer if certified by a qualified impartial observer, or may be conducted by an outside agency. The flow capacity of tank venting devices larger than 12 inches nominal pipe size, including manhole covers with long bolts or equivalent, may be calculated provided that the opening pressure is actually measured, the rating pressure and corresponding free orifice area are stated, the word "calculated" appears on the nameplate, and the computation is based on a flow coefficient of 0.5 applied to the rated orifice area.
1910.106(b)(2)(vi)
"Vent piping for above ground tanks."
1910.106(b)(2)(vi)(a)
1910.106(b)(2)(vi)(b)
Where vent pipe outlets for tanks storing Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are adjacent to buildings or public ways, they shall be located so that the vapors are released at a safe point outside of buildings and not less than 12 feet above the adjacent ground level. In order to aid their dispersion, vapors shall be discharged upward or horizontally away from closely adjacent walls. Vent outlets shall be located so that flammable vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other obstructions and shall be at least five feet from building openings.
1910.106(b)(2)(vi)(c)
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)
"Drainage, dikes, and walls for above ground tanks" -
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)(a)
"Drainage and diked areas." The area surrounding a tank or a group of tanks shall be provided with drainage as in subdivision (b) of this subdivision, or shall be diked as provided in subdivision (c) of this subdivision, to prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjoining property or reaching waterways.
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)(b)
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)(b)(1)
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)(b)(2)
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)(c)
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)(c)(2)
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)(c)(3)
Walls of the diked area shall be of earth, steel, concrete or solid masonry designed to be liquid tight and to withstand a full hydrostatic head. Earthen walls 3 feet or more in height shall have a flat section at the top not less than 2 feet wide. The slope of an earthen wall shall be consistent with the angle of repose of the material of which the wall is constructed.
The walls of the diked area shall be restricted to an average height of 6 feet above interior grade.
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)(c)(5)
1910.106(b)(2)(vii)(c)(6)
1910.106(b)(2)(viii)
"Tank openings other than vents for above ground tanks."
1910.106(b)(2)(viii)(a)-(c)
1910.106(b)(2)(viii)(d)
1910.106(b)(2)(viii)(e)
For Category 2 flammable liquids and Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), other than crude oils, gasolines, and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity. A fill pipe entering the top of a tank shall terminate within 6 inches of the bottom of the tank and shall be installed to avoid excessive vibration.
1910.106(b)(2)(viii)(f)
Filling and emptying connections which are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than 5 feet away from any building opening. Such connection shall be closed and liquidtight when not in use. The connection shall be properly identified.
1910.106(b)(3)
"Installation of underground tanks" -
1910.106(b)(3)(i)
Location. Excavation for underground storage tanks shall be made with due care to avoid undermining of foundations of existing structures. Underground tanks or tanks under buildings shall be so located with respect to existing building foundations and supports that the loads carried by the latter cannot be transmitted to the tank. The distance from any part of a tank storing Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), to the nearest wall of any basement or pit shall be not less than 1 foot, and to any property line that may be built upon, not less than 3 feet. The distance from any part of a tank storing Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or Category 4 flammable liquids to the nearest wall of any basement, pit or property line shall be not less than 1 foot.
1910.106(b)(3)(ii)
"Depth and cover." Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations and surrounded with at least 6 inches of noncorrosive, inert materials such as clean sand, earth, or gravel well tamped in place. The tank shall be placed in the hole with care since dropping or rolling the tank into the hole can break a weld, puncture or damage the tank, or scrape off the protective coating of coated tanks. Tanks shall be covered with a minimum of 2 feet of earth, or shall be covered with not less than 1 foot of earth, on top of which shall be placed a slab of reinforced concrete not less than 4 inches thick. When underground tanks are, or are likely to be, subject to traffic, they shall be protected against damage from vehicles passing over them by at least 3 feet of earth cover, or 18 inches of well-tamped earth, plus 6 inches of reinforced concrete or 8 inches of asphaltic concrete. When asphaltic or reinforced concrete paving is used as part of the protection, it shall extend at least 1 foot horizontally beyond the outline of the tank in all directions.
1910.106(b)(3)(iii)
1910.106(b)(3)(iii)(a)
1910.106(b)(3)(iii)(b)
1910.106(b)(3)(iii)(c)
1910.106(b)(3)(iv)
1910.106(b)(3)(iv)(a)
Location and arrangement of vents for Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C). Vent pipes from tanks storing Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall be so located that the discharge point is outside of buildings, higher than the fill pipe opening, and not less than 12 feet above the adjacent ground level. Vent pipes shall discharge only upward in order to disperse vapors. Vent pipes 2 inches or less in nominal inside diameter shall not be obstructed by devices that will cause excessiveback pressure. Vent pipe outlets shall be so located that flammable vapors will not enter building openings, or be trapped under eaves or other obstructions. If the vent pipe is less than 10 feet in length, or greater than 2 inches in nominal inside diameter, the outlet shall be provided with a vacuum and pressure relief device or there shall be an approved flame arrester located in the vent line at the outlet or within the approved distance from the outlet.
1910.106(b)(3)(iv)(b)
Size of vents. Each tank shall be vented through piping adequate in size to prevent blow-back of vapor or liquid at the fill opening while the tank is being filled. Vent pipes shall be not less than 1 1/4 inch nominal inside diameter.
100 1¼ 1¼ 1¼
200 1¼ 1¼ 1¼
300 1¼ 1¼ 1½
400 1¼ 1½ 2
500 1½ 1½ 2
600 1½ 2 2
1 Vent lines of 50 ft., 100 ft., and 200 ft. of pipe plus 7 ells.
1910.106(b)(3)(iv)(c)
1910.106(b)(3)(iv)(d)
Vent piping shall be constructed in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. Vent pipes shall be so laid as to drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect. They shall be located so that they will not be subjected to physical damage. The tank end of the vent pipe shall enter the tank through the top.
1910.106(b)(3)(iv)(e)
1910.106(b)(3)(v)
1910.106(b)(3)(v)(a)
1910.106(b)(3)(v)(b)
1910.106(b)(3)(v)(c)
1910.106(b)(3)(v)(d)
For Category 2 flammable liquids and Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), other than crude oils, gasolines, and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by terminating within 6 inches of the bottom of the tank.
1910.106(b)(3)(v)(e)
1910.106(b)(4)
"Installation of tanks inside of buildings" -
1910.106(b)(4)(i)
"Vents." Vents for tanks inside of buildings shall be as provided in subparagraphs (2) (iv), (v), (vi)(b), and (3)(iv) of this paragraph, except that emergency venting by the use of weak roof seams on tanks shall not be permitted. Vents shall discharge vapors outside the buildings.
1910.106(b)(4)(iii)
1910.106(b)(4)(iv)
1910.106(b)(4)(iv)(a)
Connections for all tank openings shall be vapor or liquidtight. Vents are covered in subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph.
1910.106(b)(4)(iv)(b)
flammable liquid tanks located inside of buildings, except in one-story buildings designed and protected for flammable liquid storage, shall be provided with an automatic-closing heat-actuated valve on each withdrawal connection below the liquid level, except for connections used for emergency disposal, to prevent continued flow in the event of fire in the vicinity of the tank. This function may be incorporated in the valve required in (b) of this subdivision, and if a separate valve, shall be located adjacent to the valve required in (b) of this subdivision.
1910.106(b)(4)(iv)(d)
Openings for manual gaging, if independent of the fill pipe (see (f) of this subdivision), shall be provided with a vaportight cap or cover. Each such opening shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring loaded check valve or other approved device.
1910.106(b)(4)(iv)(e)
For Category 2 flammable liquids and Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), other than crude oils, gasoline, and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by terminating within 6 inches of the bottom of the tank.
1910.106(b)(4)(iv)(f)
1910.106(b)(4)(iv)(g)
The inlet of the fill pipe shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than 5 feet away from any building opening. The inlet of the fill pipe shall be closed and liquidtight when not in use. The fill connection shall be properly identified.
1910.106(b)(4)(iv)(h)
1910.106(b)(5)
"Supports, foundations, and anchorage for all tank locations" -
1910.106(b)(5)(i)
"General." Tank supports shall be installed on firm foundations. Tank supports shall be of concrete, masonry, or protected steel. Single wood timber supports (not cribbing) laid horizontally may be used for outside aboveground tanks if not more than 12 inches high at their lowest point.
1910.106(b)(5)(ii)
"Fire resistance." Steel supports or exposed piling shall be protected by materials having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours, except that steel saddles need not be protected if less than 12 inches high at their lowest point. Water spray protection or its equivalent may be used in lieu of fire-resistive materials to protect supports.
1910.106(b)(5)(iii)
1910.106(b)(5)(iv)
1910.106(b)(5)(v)
1910.106(b)(5)(vi)
1910.106(b)(5)(vi)(e)
1910.106(b)(5)(vi)(v)
1910.106(b)(5)(vii)
1910.106(b)(6)
1910.106(b)(7)
1910.106(b)(7)(i)
"General." All tanks, whether shop built or field erected, shall be strength tested before they are placed in service in accordance with the applicable paragraphs of the code under which they were built. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code stamp, American Petroleum Institute (API) monogram, or the label of the Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., on a tank shall be evidence of compliance with this strength test. Tanks not marked in accordance with the above codes shall be strength tested before they are placed in service in accordance with good engineering principles and reference shall be made to the sections on testing in the codes listed in subparagraphs (1) (iii) (a), (iv) (b), or (v) (b) of this paragraph.
1910.106(b)(7)(ii)
"Strength." When the vertical length of the fill and vent pipes is such that when filled with liquid the static head imposed upon the bottom of the tank exceeds 10 pounds per square inch, the tank and related piping shall be tested hydrostatically to a pressure equal to the static head thus imposed.
1910.106(b)(7)(iii)
"Tightness." In addition to the strength test called for in subdivisions (i) and (ii) of this subparagraph, all tanks and connections shall be tested for tightness. Except for underground tanks, this tightness test shall be made at operating pressure with air, inert gas, or water prior to placing the tank in service. In the case of field-erected tanks the strength test may be considered to be the test for tank tightness. Underground tanks and piping, before being covered, enclosed, or placed in use, shall be tested for tightness hydrostatically, or with air pressure at not less than 3 pounds per square inch and not more than 5 pounds per square inch.
1910.106(b)(7)(iv)
1910.106(b)(7)(v)
"Derated operations." Tanks to be operated at pressures below their design pressure may be tested by the applicable provisions of subdivision (i) or (ii) of this subparagraph, based upon the pressure developed under full emergency venting of the tank.
1910.106(c)
"Piping, valves, and fittings" -
1910.106(c)(1)
"General" -
1910.106(c)(1)(i)
1910.106(c)(1)(ii)
1910.106(c)(1)(ii)(a)
1910.106(c)(1)(ii)(b)
1910.106(c)(1)(ii)(c)
Piping within the scope of any applicable boiler and pressures vessel code.
1910.106(c)(1)(iii)
1910.106(c)(2)
"Materials for piping, valves, and fittings" -
1910.106(c)(2)(i)
"Required materials." Materials for piping, valves, or fittings shall be steel, nodular iron, or malleable iron, except as provided in paragraph (c)(2)(ii), (iii) and (iv) of this section.
1910.106(c)(2)(ii)
1910.106(c)(2)(iii)
1910.106(c)(2)(iv)
1910.106(c)(3)
1910.106(c)(4)
1910.106(c)(5)
"Protection against corrosion." All piping for flammable liquids, both above ground and underground, where subject to external corrosion, shall be painted or otherwise protected.
1910.106(c)(6)
1910.106(c)(7)
"Container and portable tank storage" -
1910.106(d)(1)
1910.106(d)(1)(i)
"General." This paragraph shall apply only to the storage of flammable liquids in drums or other containers (including flammable aerosols) not exceeding 60 gallons individual capacity and those portable tanks not exceeding 660 gallons individual capacity.
1910.106(d)(1)(ii)
"Exceptions." This paragraph shall not apply to the following:
1910.106(d)(1)(ii)(a)
1910.106(d)(1)(ii)(b)
Category 1, 2, or 3 flammable liquids in the fuel tanks of a motor vehicle, aircraft, boat, or portable or stationary engine;
1910.106(d)(1)(ii)(c)
flammable paints, oils, varnishes, and similar mixtures used for painting or maintenance when not kept for a period in excess of 30 days;
1910.106(d)(1)(ii)(d)
Beverages when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1 gallon in size.
"Design, construction, and capacity of containers" -
"General." Only approved containers and portable tanks shall be used. Metal containers and portable tanks meeting the requirements of and containing products authorized by chapter I, title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (regulations issued by the Hazardous Materials Regulations Board, Department of Transportation), shall be deemed to be acceptable.
1910.106(d)(2)(ii)
"Emergency venting." Each portable tank shall be provided with one or more devices installed in the top with sufficient emergency venting capacity to limit internal pressure under fire exposure conditions to 10 p.s.i.g., or 30 percent of the bursting pressure of the tank, whichever is greater. The total venting capacity shall be not less than that specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(v) (c) or (e) of this section. At least one pressure-activated vent having a minimum capacity of 6,000 cubic feet of free air (14.7 p.s.i.a. and 60 deg. F.) shall be used. It shall be set to open at not less than 5 p.s.i.g. If fusible vents are used, they shall be actuated by elements that operate at a temperature not exceeding 300 deg. F.
Size. Flammable liquid containers shall be in accordance with Table H-12, except that glass or plastic containers of no more than 1-gallon capacity may be used for a Category 1 or 2 flammable liquid if:
1910.106(d)(2)(iii)(a)(1)
Such liquid either would be rendered unfit for its intended use by contact with metal or would excessively corrode a metal container so as to create a leakage hazard; and
1910.106(d)(2)(iii)(a)(2)
The user's process either would require more than 1 pint of a Category 1 flammable liquid or more than 1 quart of a Category 2 flammable liquid of a single assay lot to be used at one time, or would require the maintenance of an analytical standard liquid of a quality which is not met by the specified standards of liquids available, and the quantity of the analytical standard liquid required to be used in any one control process exceeds one-sixteenth the capacity of the container allowed under Table H-12 for the category of liquid; or
1910.106(d)(2)(iii)(b)
The containers are intended for direct export outside the United States.
Table H-12--Maximum Allowable Size of Containers and Portable Tanks for Flammable Liquids
1910.106(d)(3)
"Design, construction, and capacity of storage cabinets" -
1910.106(d)(3)(i)
Maximum capacity. Not more than 60 gallons of Category 1, 2, or 3 flammable liquids, nor more than 120 gallons of Category 4 flammable liquids may be stored in a storage cabinet.
1910.106(d)(3)(ii)
"Fire resistance." Storage cabinets shall be designed and constructed to limit the internal temperature to not more than 325 deg. F. when subjected to a 10-minute fire test using the standard time-temperature curve as set forth in Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, NFPA 251-1969, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6. All joints and seams shall remain tight and the door shall remain securely closed during the fire test. Cabinets shall be labeled in conspicuous lettering, "Flammable - Keep Fire Away."
Metal cabinets constructed in the following manner shall be deemed to be in compliance. The bottom, top, door, and sides of cabinet shall be at least No. 18 gage sheet iron and double walled with 1 1/2 - inch air space. Joints shall be riveted, welded or made tight by some equally effective means. The door shall be provided with a three-point lock, and the door sill shall be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet.
1910.106(d)(4)
"Design and construction of inside storage rooms" -
1910.106(d)(4)(i)
"Construction." Inside storage rooms shall be constructed to meet the required fire-resistive rating for their use. Such construction shall comply with the test specifications set forth in Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, NFPA 251-1969. Where an automatic sprinkler system is provided, the system shall be designed and installed in an acceptable manner. Openings to other rooms or buildings shall be provided with noncombustible liquid-tight raised sills or ramps at least 4 inches in height, or the floor in the storage area shall be at least 4 inches below the surrounding floor. Openings shall be provided with approved self-closing fire doors. The room shall be liquid-tight where the walls join the floor. A permissible alternate to the sill or ramp is an open-grated trench inside of the room which drains to a safe location. Where other portions of the building or other properties are exposed, windows shall be protected as set forth in the Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, NFPA No. 80-1968, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6, for Class E or F openings. Wood at least 1 inch nominal thickness may be used for shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay, and similar installations.
1910.106(d)(4)(ii)
"Rating and capacity." Storage in inside storage rooms shall comply with Table H-13.
1 Fire protection system shall be sprinkler, water spray, carbon dioxide, or other system.
1910.106(d)(4)(iii)
Wiring. Electrical wiring and equipment located in inside storage rooms used for Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall be approved under subpart S of this part for Class I, Division 2 Hazardous Locations; for Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) and Category 4 flammable liquids, shall be approved for general use.
1910.106(d)(4)(iv)
Ventilation. Every inside storage room shall be provided with either a gravity or a mechanical exhaust ventilation system. Such system shall be designed to provide for a complete change of air within the room at least six times per hour. If a mechanical exhaust system is used, it shall be controlled by a switch located outside of the door. The ventilating equipment and any lighting fixtures shall be operated by the same switch. A pilot light shall be installed adjacent to the switch if Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are dispensed within the room. Where gravity ventilation is provided, the fresh air intake, as well as the exhaust outlet from the room, shall be on the exterior of the building in which the room is located.
"Storage in inside storage rooms." In every inside storage room there shall be maintained one clear aisle at least 3 feet wide. Containers over 30 gallons capacity shall not be stacked one upon the other. Dispensing shall be by approved pump or self-closing faucet only.
1910.106(d)(5)
"Storage inside building" -
"Egress." flammable liquids, including stock for sale, shall not be stored so as to limit use of exits, stairways, or areas normally used for the safe egress of people.
1910.106(d)(5)(ii)
"Containers." The storage of flammable liquids in containers or portable tanks shall comply with subdivisions (iii) through (v) of this subparagraph.
1910.106(d)(5)(iii)
"Office occupancies." Storage shall be prohibited except that which is required for maintenance and operation of building and operation of equipment. Such storage shall be kept in closed metal containers stored in a storage cabinet or in safety cans or in an inside storage room not having a door that opens into that portion of the building used by the public.
1910.106(d)(5)(iv)
"Mercantile occupancies and other retail stores."
1910.106(d)(5)(iv)(a)-(d)
1910.106(d)(5)(iv)(e)
Leaking containers shall be removed to a storage room or taken to a safe location outside the building and the contents transferred to an undamaged container.
"General purpose public warehouses." Storage shall be in accordance with Table H-14 or H-15 and in buildings or in portions of such buildings cut off by standard firewalls. Material creating no fire exposure hazard to the flammable liquids may be stored in the same area.
TABLE H-14 - INDOOR CONTAINER STORAGE
Protected storage maximum per pile
Unprotected storage maximum per pile
1 ..... Ground and upper floors..... 2,750 660
Basement.................... Not permitted Not permitted
2 ..... Ground and upper floors..... 5,500 1,375
3 ..... Ground and upper floors..... 16,500 4,125
FP>100F (300) (75)
3 .... Ground and upper floors..... 16,500 4,125
FP≥100F (300) (75)
4 ... Ground and upper floors..... 55,000 13,750
(1,000) (250)
Basement.................... 8,250 Not permitted
NOTE 1: When 2 or more categories of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage permitted in that pile shall be the smallest of the 2 or more separate maximum gallonages.
NOTE 2: Aisles shall be provided so that no container is more than 12 ft. from an aisle. Main aisles shall be at least 3 ft. wide and side aisles at least 4 ft. wide.
NOTE 3: Each pile shall be separated from each other by at least 4 ft.
NOTE 4: FP means Flashpoint. (Number in parenthesis indicate corresponding number of 55-gal. drums.)
TABLE H-15 - INDOOR PORTABLE TANK STORAGE
1 .... Ground and upper floors..... Not permitted Not permitted
2 ..... Ground and upper floors..... 20,000 2,000
3 ..... Ground and upper floors..... 40,000 5,500
FP>100F Basement.................... Not permitted Not permitted
3 .... Ground and upper floors..... 40,000 5,500
FP≥100F Basement.................... 20,000 Not permitted
4 ... Ground and upper floors..... 60,000 22,000
Basement.................... 20,000 Not permitted
NOTE 1: When 1 or more categories of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage permitted in that pile shall be the smallest of the 2 or more separate maximum gallonages.
NOTE 2: Aisles shall be provided so that no portable tank is more than 12 ft. from an aisle. Main aisles shall be at least 8 ft. wide and side aisles at least 4 ft. wide.
NOTE 4: FP means Flashpoint.
"Flammable liquid warehouses or storage buildings."
1910.106(d)(6)
"Storage outside buildings" -
1910.106(d)(6)(i)
"General." Storage outside buildings shall be in accordance with Table H-16 or H-17, and subdivisions (ii) and (iv) of this subparagraph.
TABLE H-16 - OUTDOOR CONTAINER STORAGE
2-Maximum per pile
3-Distance between piles
4-Distance to property line that can be built upon
5-Distance to street, alley, public way
1 ........ 1,100 5 20 10
2 ........ 2,200 5 20 10
3 FP<100F. 4,400 5 20 10
3 FP≥100F. 8,800 5 20 10
4 ........ 22,000 5 20 10
NOTE 1: When 2 or more categories of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the smallest of the 2 or more separate gallonages.
NOTE 2: Within 200 ft. of each container, there shall be a 12 ft. wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus.
NOTE 3: The distances listed apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4 shall be doubled.
NOTE 4: When total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 ft.
NOTE 5: FP means Flashpoint.
1910.106(d)(6)(ii)
"Maximum storage." A maximum of 1,100 gallons of flammable liquids may be located adjacent to buildings located on the same premises and under the same management provided the provisions of subdivisions (a) and (b) of this subdivision are complied with.
1910.106(d)(6)(ii)(a)
1910.106(d)(6)(ii)(b)
Where quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons, or provisions of subdivision (a) of this subdivision cannot be met, a minimum distance of 10 feet between buildings and nearest container of flammable liquid shall be maintained.
1910.106(d)(6)(iii)
"Spill containment." The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert possible spills away from buildings or other exposures or shall be surrounded by a curb at least 6 inches high. When curbs are used, provisions shall be made for draining of accumulations of ground or rain water or spills of flammable liquids. Drains shall terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible to operation under fire conditions.
1910.106(d)(6)(iv)
"Security." The storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debris and other combustible material not necessary to the storage.
1910.106(d)(7)
"Fire control" -
1910.106(d)(7)(i)
"Extinguishers." Suitable fire control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers, shall be available at locations where flammable liquids are stored.
TABLE H-17 - OUTDOOR PORTABLE TANK STORAGE
|            |            |  4-Distance  |
|            | 3-Distance | to property  | 5-Distance
1-Category|  2-Maximum |   between  |  line that   |  to street,
|  per pile  |    piles   | can be built | alley, public
|            |            |    upon      |    way
___________|____________|____________|______________|______________
|   gallons  |    feet    |     feet     |     feet
|____________|____________|______________|______________
1  ........|      2,200 |          5 |           20 |           10
2  ........|      4,400 |          5 |           20 |           10
3  FP<100F.|      8,800 |          5 |           20 |           10
3  FP≥100F.|     17,600 |          5 |           10 |            5
4  ........|     44,000 |          5 |           10 |            5
NOTE 1: When 2 or more categories of materials are stored in a single
pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the smallest of the
2 or more separate gallonages.
NOTE 2: Within 200 ft. of each portable tank, there shall be a 12
ft. wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus.
NOTE 3: The distances listed apply to properties that have
protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such
protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4
shall be doubled.
NOTE 4: When total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of
maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may be reduced 50
percent, but not less than 3 ft.
1910.106(d)(7)(i)(a)
1910.106(d)(7)(i)(b)
At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 12-B units must be located not less than 10 feet, nor more than 25 feet, from any Category 1, 2, or 3 flammable liquid storage area located outside of a storage room but inside a building.
1910.106(d)(7)(ii)
"Sprinklers." When sprinklers are provided, they shall be installed in accordance with 1910.159.
1910.106(d)(7)(iii)
"Open flames and smoking." Open flames and smoking shall not be permitted in flammable liquid storage areas.
1910.106(d)(7)(iv)
"Water reactive materials." Materials which will react with water shall not be stored in the same room with flammable liquids.
"Industrial plants" -
1910.106(e)(1)
1910.106(e)(1)(i)
"Application." This paragraph shall apply to those industrial plants where:
1910.106(e)(1)(i)(a)
The use of flammable liquids is incidental to the principal business, or
Where flammable liquids are handled or used only in unit physical operations such as mixing, drying, evaporating, filtering, distillation, and similar operations which do not involve chemical reaction. This paragraph shall not apply to chemical plants, refineries or distilleries.
1910.106(e)(1)(ii)
"Exceptions." Where portions of such plants involve chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, halogenation, hydrogenation, alkylation, polymerization, and other chemical processes, those portions of the plant shall be in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section.
1910.106(e)(2)
"Incidental storage or use of flammable liquids" -
1910.106(e)(2)(i)
"Application." This subparagraph shall be applicable to those portions of an industrial plant where the use and handling of flammable liquids is only incidental to the principal business, such as automobile assembly, construction of electronic equipment, furniture manufacturing, or other similar activities.
1910.106(e)(2)(ii)
"Containers." flammable liquids shall be stored in tanks or closed containers.
1910.106(e)(2)(ii)(a)
Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c) of this subdivision, all storage shall comply with paragraph (d) (3) or (4) of this section.
1910.106(e)(2)(ii)(b)(1)
1910.106(e)(2)(ii)(b)(2)
1910.106(e)(2)(ii)(b)(3)
660 gallons of Category 2, 3, or 4 flammable liquids in a single portable tank.
Where large quantities of flammable liquids are necessary, storage may be in tanks which shall comply with the applicable requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
"Separation and protection." Areas in which flammable liquids are transferred from one tank or container to another container shall be separated from other operations in the building by adequate distance or by construction having adequate fire resistance. Drainage or other means shall be provided to control spills. Adequate natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
1910.106(e)(2)(iv)
"Handling liquids at point of final use."
"Unit physical operations" -
1910.106(e)(3)(i)
"Application." This subparagraph shall be applicable in those portions of industrial plants where flammable liquids are handled or used in unit physical operations such as mixing, drying, evaporating, filtering, distillation, and similar operations which do not involve chemical change. Examples are plants compounding cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, solvents, cleaning fluids, insecticides, and similar types of activities.
1910.106(e)(3)(ii)
"Location." Industrial plants shall be located so that each building or unit of equipment is accessible from at least one side for firefighting and fire control purposes. Buildings shall be located with respect to lines of adjoining property which may be built upon as set forth in paragraph (h)(2) (i) and (ii) of this section except that the blank wall referred to in paragraph (h)(2)(ii) of this section shall have a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hours.
1910.106(e)(3)(iii)
"Chemical processes." Areas where unstable liquids are handled or small scale unit chemical processes are carried on shall be separated from the remainder of the plant by a fire wall of 2-hour minimum fire resistance rating.
1910.106(e)(3)(iv)
1910.106(e)(3)(iv)(a)
Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct flammable liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe location. This may require curbs, scuppers, or special drainage systems to control the spread of fire; see paragraph (b)(2)(vii)(b) of this section.
1910.106(e)(3)(iv)(b)
Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separator.
1910.106(e)(3)(v)
Areas as defined in paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this section using Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot of solid floor area. This shall be accomplished by natural or mechanical ventilation with discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building. Provision shall be made for introduction of makeup air in such a manner as not to short circuit the ventilation. Ventilation shall be arranged to include all floor areas or pits where flammable vapors may collect.
1910.106(e)(3)(v)(b)
Equipment used in a building and the ventilation of the building shall be designed so as to limit flammable vapor-air mixtures under normal operating conditions to the interior of equipment, and to not more than 5 feet from equipment which exposes Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), to the air. Examples of such equipment are dispensing stations, open centrifuges, plate and frame filters, open vacuum filters, and surfaces of open equipment.
"Storage and handling." The storage, transfer, and handling of liquid shall comply with paragraph (h)(4) of this section.
1910.106(e)(4)
"Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading."
1910.106(e)(4)(i)
Tank vehicle and tank car loading or unloading facilities shall be separated from aboveground tanks, warehouses, other plant buildings or nearest line of adjoining property which may be built upon by a distance of 25 feet for Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), and 15 feet for Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) and Category 4 flammable liquids, measured from the nearest position of any fill stem. Buildings for pumps or shelters for personnel may be a part of the facility. Operations of the facility shall comply with the appropriate portions of paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
1910.106(e)(5)
1910.106(e)(5)(i)
"Portable and special equipment." Portable fire extinguishment and control equipment shall be provided in such quantities and types as are needed for the special hazards of operation and storage.
1910.106(e)(5)(ii)
"Water supply." Water shall be available in volume and at adequate pressure to supply water hose streams, foam-producing equipment, automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation, dispensing and storage.
1910.106(e)(5)(iii)
"Special extinguishers." Special extinguishing equipment such as that utilizing foam, inert gas, or dry chemical shall be provided as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation dispensing and storage.
1910.106(e)(5)(iv)
"Special hazards." Where the need is indicated by special hazards of operation, flammable liquid processing equipment, major piping, and supporting steel shall be protected by approved water spray systems, deluge systems, approved fire-resistant coatings, insulation, or any combination of these.
1910.106(e)(5)(v)
"Maintenance." All plant fire protection facilities shall be adequately maintained and periodically inspected and tested to make sure they are always in satisfactory operating condition, and they will serve their purpose in time of emergency.
1910.106(e)(6)
"Sources of ignition" -
"General." Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent the ignition of flammable vapors. Sources of ignition include but are not limited to open flames; lightning; smoking; cutting and welding; hot surfaces; frictional heat; static, electrical, and mechanical sparks; spontaneous ignition, including heat-producing chemical reactions; and radiant heat.
Grounding. Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall not be dispensed into containers unless the nozzle and container are electrically interconnected. Where the metallic floorplate on which the container stands while filling is electrically connected to the fill stem or where the fill stem is bonded to the container during filling operations by means of a bond wire, the provisions of this section shall be deemed to have been complied with.
"Electrical" -
1910.106(e)(7)(i)(a)
All electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed according to the requirements of Subpart S of this part.
1910.106(e)(7)(i)(b)
Locations where flammable vapor-air mixtures may exist under normal operations shall be classified Class I, Division 1 according to the requirements of subpart S of this part. For those pieces of equipment installed in accordance with subparagraph (3)(v)(b) of this paragraph, the Division 1 area shall extend 5 feet in all directions from all points of vapor liberation. All areas within pits shall be classified Division 1 if any part of the pit is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area, unless the pit is provided with mechanical ventilation.
1910.106(e)(7)(i)(c)
Locations where flammable vapor-air mixtures may exist under abnormal conditions and for a distance beyond Division 1 locations shall be classified Division 2 according to the requirements of subpart S of this part. These locations include an area within 20 feet horizontally, 3 feet vertically beyond a Division 1 area, and up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 25 feet, if indoors, or 10 feet if outdoors, from any pump, bleeder, withdrawal fitting, meter, or similar device handling Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C). Pits provided with adequate mechanical ventilation within a Division 1 or 2 area shall be classified Division 2. If only Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or Category 4 flammable liquids are handled, then ordinary electrical equipment is satisfactory though care shall be used in locating electrical apparatus to prevent hot metal from falling into open equipment.
1910.106(e)(7)(i)(d)
Where the provisions of subdivisions (a), (b), and (c), of this subdivision require the installation of electrical equipment suitable for Class I, Division 1 or Division 2 locations, ordinary electrical equipment including switchgear may be used if installed in a room or enclosure which is maintained under positive pressure with respect to the hazardous area. Ventilation makeup air shall be uncontaminated by flammable vapors.
1910.106(e)(8)
"Repairs to equipment." Hot work, such as welding or cutting operations, use of spark-producing power tools, and chipping operations shall be permitted only under supervision of an individual in responsible charge. The individual in responsible charge shall make an inspection of the area to be sure that it is safe for the work to be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified.
1910.106(e)(9)
"Housekeeping" -
1910.106(e)(9)(i)
"General." Maintenance and operating practices shall be in accordance with established procedures which will tend to control leakage and prevent the accidental escape of flammable liquids. Spills shall be cleaned up promptly.
1910.106(e)(9)(ii)
"Access." Adequate aisles shall be maintained for unobstructed movement of personnel and so that fire protection equipment can be brought to bear on any part of flammable liquid storage, use, or any unit physical operation.
"Waste and residue." Combustible waste material and residues in a building or unit operating area shall be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily.
1910.106(e)(9)(iv)
"Clear zone." Ground area around buildings and unit operating areas shall be kept free of weeds, trash, or other unnecessary combustible materials.
1910.106(f)
"Bulk plants" -
1910.106(f)(1)
"Storage" -
1910.106(f)(1)(i)
Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C). Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall be stored in closed containers, or in storage tanks above ground outside of buildings, or underground in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section.
1910.106(f)(1)(ii)
Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) and Category 4 flammable liquids. Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) and Category 4 flammable liquids shall be stored in containers, or in tanks within buildings or above ground outside of buildings, or underground in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section.
1910.106(f)(1)(iii)
"Piling containers." Containers of flammable liquids when piled one upon the other shall be separated by dunnage sufficient to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress on container walls. The height of the pile shall be consistent with the stability and strength of containers.
1910.106(f)(2)
"Buildings" -
1910.106(f)(2)(i)
"Exits." Rooms in which flammable liquids are stored or handled by pumps shall have exit facilities arranged to prevent occupants from being trapped in the event of fire.
1910.106(f)(2)(ii)
Heating. Rooms in which Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are stored or handled shall be heated only by means not constituting a source of ignition, such as steam or hot water. Rooms containing heating appliances involving sources of ignition shall be located and arranged to prevent entry of flammable vapors.
1910.106(f)(2)(iii)
1910.106(f)(2)(iii)(a)
Ventilation shall be provided for all rooms, buildings, or enclosures in which Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are pumped or dispensed. Design of ventilation systems shall take into account the relatively high specific gravity of the vapors. Ventilation may be provided by adequate openings in outside walls at floor level unobstructed except by louvers or coarse screens. Where natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
1910.106(f)(2)(iii)(b)
Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall not be stored or handled within a building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors may travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein.
1910.106(f)(2)(iii)(c)
Containers of Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall not be drawn from or filled within buildings unless provision is made to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors in hazardous concentrations. Where mechanical ventilation is required, it shall be kept in operation while flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C) are being handled.
1910.106(f)(3)
"Loading and unloading facilities" -
1910.106(f)(3)(i)
Separation. Tank vehicle and tank car loading or unloading facilities shall be separated from aboveground tanks, warehouses, other plant buildings or nearest line of adjoining property that may be built upon by a distance of 25 feet for Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), and 15 feet for Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) and Category 4 flammable liquids measured from the nearest position of any fill spout. Buildings for pumps or shelters for personnel may be a part of the facility.
1910.106(f)(3)(ii)
Category restriction. Equipment such as piping, pumps, and meters used for the transfer of Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), between storage tanks and the fill stem of the loading rack shall not be used for the transfer of Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or Category 4 flammable liquids.
"Valves." Valves used for the final control for filling tank vehicles shall be of the self-closing type and manually held open except where automatic means are provided for shutting off the flow when the vehicle is full or after filling of a preset amount.
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)
"Static protection."
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(a)
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(a)(1)
Where Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are loaded, or
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(a)(2)
Where Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or Category 4 flammable liquids are loaded into vehicles which may contain vapors from previous cargoes of Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C).
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(b)
Protection as required in (a) of this subdivision (iv) shall consist of a metallic bond wire permanently electrically connected to the fill stem or to some part of the rack structure in electrical contact with the fill stem. The free end of such wire shall be provided with a clamp or equivalent device for convenient attachment to some metallic part in electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank vehicle.
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(c)
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(d)
Bonding as specified in (a), (b), and (c) of this subdivision is not required:
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(d)(1)
Where vehicles are loaded exclusively with products not having a static accumulating tendency, such as asphalt, most crude oils, residual oils, and water soluble liquids;
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(d)(2)
Where no Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are handled at the loading facility and the tank vehicles loaded are used exclusively for Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) and Category 4 flammable liquids; and
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(d)(3)
Where vehicles are loaded or unloaded through closed bottom or top connections.
1910.106(f)(3)(iv)(e)
Filling through open domes into the tanks of tank vehicles or tank cars, that contain vapor-air mixtures within the flammable range or where the liquid being filled can form such a mixture, shall be by means of a downspout which extends near the bottom of the tank. This precaution is not required when loading liquids which are nonaccumulators of static charges.
1910.106(f)(3)(v)
Stray currents. Tank car loading facilities where Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are loaded through open domes shall be protected against stray currents by bonding the pipe to at least one rail and to the rack structure if of metal. Multiple lines entering the rack area shall be electrically bonded together. In addition, in areas where excessive stray currents are known to exist, all pipe entering the rack area shall be provided with insulating sections to electrically isolate the rack piping from the pipelines. No bonding between the tank car and the rack or piping is required during either loading or unloading of Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or Category 4 flammable liquids.
1910.106(f)(3)(vi)
Container filling facilities. Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall not be dispensed into containers unless the nozzle and container are electrically interconnected. Where the metallic floorplate on which the container stands while filling is electrically connected to the fill stem or where the fill stem is bonded to the container during filling operations by means of a bond wire, the provisions of this section shall be deemed to have been complied with.
1910.106(f)(4)
"Wharves" -
1910.106(f)(4)(i)
"Definition, application." The term wharf shall mean any wharf, pier, bulkhead, or other structure over or contiguous to navigable water used in conjunction with a bulk plant, the primary function of which is the transfer of flammable liquid cargo in bulk between the bulk plant and any tank vessel, ship, barge, lighter boat, or other mobile floating craft; and this subparagraph shall apply to all such installations except Marine Service Stations as covered in paragraph (g) of this section.
1910.106(f)(4)(ii)-(iii)
1910.106(f)(4)(iv)
"Design and construction." Substructure and deck shall be substantially designed for the use intended. Deck may employ any material which will afford the desired combination of flexibility, resistance to shock, durability, strength, and fire resistance. Heavy timber construction is acceptable.
1910.106(f)(4)(v)
1910.106(f)(4)(vi)
"Pumps." Loading pumps capable of building up pressures in excess of the safe working pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall be provided with bypasses, relief valves, or other arrangement to protect the loading facilities against excessive pressure. Relief devices shall be tested at not more than yearly intervals to determine that they function satisfactorily at the pressure at which they are set.
1910.106(f)(4)(vii)
"Hoses and couplings." All pressure hoses and couplings shall be inspected at intervals appropriate to the service. The hose and couplings shall be tested with the hose extended and using the "inservice maximum operating pressures." Any hose showing material deteriorations, signs of leakage, or weakness in its carcass or at the couplings shall be withdrawn from service and repaired or discarded.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)
"Piping and fittings." Piping, valves, and fittings shall be in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section, with the following exceptions and additions:
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(a)
Flexibility of piping shall be assured by appropriate layout and arrangement of piping supports so that motion of the wharf structure resulting from wave action, currents, tides, or the mooring of vessels will not subject the pipe to repeated strain beyond the elastic limit.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(b)
Pipe joints depending upon the friction characteristics of combustible materials or grooving of pipe ends for mechanical continuity of piping shall not be used.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(c)
Swivel joints may be used in piping to which hoses are connected, and for articulated swivel-joint transfer systems, provided that the design is such that the mechanical strength of the joint will not be impaired if the packing material should fail, as by exposure to fire.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(d)
Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to operate the system properly and to control the flow of liquid in normal operation and in the event of physical damage.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(e)
In addition to the requirements of paragraph (f)(4)(viii)(d) of this section, each line conveying Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), leading to a wharf shall be provided with a readily accessible block valve located on shore near the approach to the wharf and outside of any diked area. Where more than one line is involved, the valves shall be grouped in one location.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(f)
Means of easy access shall be provided for cargo line valves located below the wharf deck.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(g)
Pipelines on flammable liquids wharves shall be adequately bonded and grounded. If excessive stray currents are encountered, insulating joints shall be installed. Bonding and grounding connections on all pipelines shall be located on wharfside of hose-riser insulating flanges, if used, and shall be accessible for inspection.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(h)
Hose or articulated swivel-joint pipe connections used for cargo transfer shall be capable of accommodating the combined effects of change in draft and maximum tidal range, and mooring lines shall be kept adjusted to prevent the surge of the vessel from placing stress on the cargo transfer system.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(i)
Hose shall be supported so as to avoid kinking and damage from chafing.
1910.106(f)(4)(ix)
"Fire protection." Suitable portable fire extinguishers with a rating of not less than 12-BC shall be located within 75 feet of those portions of the facility where fires are likely to occur, such as hose connections, pumps, and separator tanks.
1910.106(f)(4)(ix)(a)
Where piped water is available, ready-connected fire hose in size appropriate for the water supply shall be provided so that manifolds where connections are made and broken can be reached by at least one hose stream.
1910.106(f)(4)(ix)(b)
Material shall not be placed on wharves in such a manner as to obstruct access to firefighting equipment, or important pipeline control valves.
1910.106(f)(4)(ix)(c)
Where the wharf is accessible to vehicle traffic, an unobstructed roadway to the shore end of the wharf shall be maintained for access of firefighting apparatus.
1910.106(f)(4)(x)
"Operations control." Loading or discharging shall not commence until the wharf superintendent and officer in charge of the tank vessel agree that the tank vessel is properly moored and all connections are properly made. Mechanical work shall not be performed on the wharf during cargo transfer, except under special authorization based on a review of the area involved, methods to be employed, and precautions necessary.
1910.106(f)(5)
"Electrical equipment" -
1910.106(f)(5)(i)
Application. This paragraph (f)(5)(i) shall apply to areas where Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are stored or handled. For areas where only Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or Category 4 flammable liquids are stored or handled, the electrical equipment may be installed in accordance with the provisions of Subpart S of this part, for ordinary locations.
1910.106(f)(5)(ii)
"Conformance." All electrical equipment and wiring shall be of a type specified by and shall be installed in accordance with Subpart S of this part.
1910.106(f)(5)(iii)
"Classification." So far as it applies Table H-18 shall be used to delineate and classify hazardous areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment under normal circumstances. In Table H-18 a classified area shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall, roof, or other solid partition. The area classifications listed shall be based on the premise that the installation meets the applicable requirements of this section in all respects.
1910.106(f)(6)
Sources of ignition. Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall not be handled, drawn, or dispensed where flammable vapors may reach a source of ignition. Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated localities. "No Smoking" signs shall be conspicuously posted where hazard from flammable liquid vapors is normally present.
1910.106(f)(7)
"Drainage and waste disposal." Provision shall be made to prevent flammable liquids which may be spilled at loading or unloading points from entering public sewers and drainage systems, or natural waterways. Connection to such sewers, drains, or waterways by which flammable liquids might enter shall be provided with separator boxes or other approved means whereby such entry is precluded. Crankcase drainings and flammable liquids shall not be dumped into sewers, but shall be stored in tanks or tight drums outside of any building until removed from the premises.
1910.106(f)(8)
Fire control. Suitable fire-control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers, shall be available to locations where fires are likely to occur. Additional fire-control equipment may be required where a tank of more than 50,000 gallons individual capacity contains Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), and where an unusual exposure hazard exists from surrounding property. Such additional fire-control equipment shall be sufficient to extinguish a fire in the largest tank. The design and amount of such equipment shall be in accordance with approved engineering standards.
1910.106(g)
"Service stations" -
1910.106(g)(1)
"Storage and handling" -
1910.106(g)(1)(i)
Liquids shall be stored in approved closed containers not exceeding 60 gallons capacity, in tanks located underground, in tanks in special enclosures as described in paragraph (g)(i) of this section, or in aboveground tanks as provided for in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (b), (c) and (d) of this section.
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(b)
Aboveground tanks, located in an adjoining bulk plant, may be connected by piping to service station underground tanks if, in addition to valves at aboveground tanks, a valve is also installed within control of service station personnel.
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(c)
Apparatus dispensing Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles of the public shall not be located at a bulk plant unless separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in which bulk operations are conducted.
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(d)
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(e)
The provisions of paragraph (g)(1)(i)(a) of this section shall not prohibit the dispensing of flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C) in the open from a tank vehicle to a motor vehicle. Such dispensing shall be permitted provided:
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(e)(1)
The tank vehicle complies with the requirements covered in the Standard on Tank Vehiclesf or Flammable Liquids, NFPA 385-1966.
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(e)(2)
The dispensing is done on premises not open to the public.
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(e)(3)
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(e)(4)
The dispensing hose does not exceed 50 feet in length.
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(e)(5)
The dispensing nozzle is a listed automatic-closing type without a latchopen device.
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(f)
1910.106(g)(1)(i)(g)
TABLE H-18 - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HAZARDOUS AREAS
- BULK PLANTS
|Class I |
Location             |Group D |   Extent of classified area
____________________________|________|____________________________
Tank vehicle and tank car(1)|        |
Loading through open dome  |      1 | Within 3 feet of edge of
|        |   dome, extending in all
|        |   directions.
|      2 | Area between 3 feet and 5
|        |   feet from edge of dome,
|        |   extending in all
Loading through bottom     |      1 | Within 3 feet of point of
connections with         |        |   venting to atmosphere
atmospheric venting.     |        |   extending in all
|        |   feet from point of
|        |   venting to atmosphere,
|        |   directions. Also up to
|        |   18 inches above grade
|        |   within a horizontal
|        |   radius of 10 feet from
|        |   point of loading
|        |   connection.
Loading through closed     |      1 | Within 3 feet of open end
dome with atmospheric    |        |   of vent, extending in
venting.                 |        |   all directions.
|        |   feet from open end of
|        |   vent, extending in all
|        |   directions. Also within
|        |   3 feet of edge of dome,
Loading through closed     |      2 | Within 3 feet of point of
dome with vapor          |        |   connection of both fill
recovery.                |        |   and vapor lines, extending
|        |    in all directions.
Bottom loading with vapor  |      2 | Within 3 feet of point of
recovery or any bottom   |        |   connections extending in
unloading.               |        |   all directions. Also up to
|        |   18 inches above grade with
|        |   in a horizontal radius of
|        |   10 feet from point of
Drum and container filling: |        |
Outdoors, or indoors with  |      1 | Within 3 feet of vent and
adequate ventilation.      |        |   fill opening, extending in
|        |   all directions.
|        |   feet from vent or fill
|        |   opening, extending in all
|        |   directions. Also up to 18
|        |   inches above floor or grade
|        |   level within a horizontal
|        |   vent or fill opening.
Tank - Aboveground:         |        |
Shell, ends, or roof and   |      2 | Within 10 feet from shell,
dike area................  |        |   ends, or roof of tank. Area
|        |   inside dikes to level of
|        |   top of dike.
Vent.....................  |      1 | Within 5 feet of open end of
|      2 | Area between 5 feet and 10
|        |   feet from open end of vent,
|        |   extending in all directions.
Floating roof............  |      1 | Area above the roof and
|        |   within the shell.
Pits:                       |        |
Without mechanical         |      1 | Entire area within pit if any
ventilation..............  |        |   part is within a Division
|        |   1 or 2 classified area.
With mechanical            |      2 | Entire area within pit if any
Containing valves,         |      2 | Entire pit.
fittings or piping, and    |        |
not within a Division      |        |
1 or 2 classified area.    |        |
Pumps, bleeders, withdrawal |        |
fittings, meters and       |        |
similar devices:           |        |
Indoors..................  |      2 | Within 5 feet of any edge of
|        |   such devices, extending in
|        |   all directions. Also up to
|        |   3 feet above floor grade
|        |   level within 25 feet
|        |   horizontally from any
|        |   edge of such devices.
Outdoors.................  |      2 | Within 3 feet of any edge of
|        |   18 inches above grade level
|        |   within 10 feet horizontally
|        |   from any edge of such
|        |   devices.
Storage and repair garage  |      1 | All pits or spaces below
for tank vehicles......  |      2 |   floor level.
|        | Area up to 18 inches above
|        |   floor or grade level for
|        |   entire storage or repair
|        |   garage.
Drainage ditches,          |      2 | Area up to 18 inches above
separator, impounding    |        |   ditch, separator or basin.
basins.                  |        |   Also up to 18 inches above
|        |   grade within 15 feet
|        |   horizontally from any edge.
Garages for other than     |    (2) | If there is any opening to
tank vehicles..........  |        |   these rooms within the
|        |   extent of an outdoor
|        |   classified area, the
|        |   entire room shall be
|        |   classified the same as the
|        |   area classification at the
|        |   point of the opening.
Outdoor drum storage.....  |    (2) |
Indoor warehousing where   |    (2) | If there is any opening to
there is no flammable    |        |   these rooms within the
liquid transfer.         |        |   extent of an indoor
|        |   classified the same as if
|        |   the wall, curb or
|        |   partition did not exist.
Office and rest rooms....  |    (2) |
____________________________|________|______________________________
Footnote(1) When classifying the extent of the area, consideration
shall be given to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles may be
spotted at varying points. Therefore, the extremities of the loading
or unloading positions shall be used.
Footnote(2) Ordinary.
1910.106(g)(1)(ii)
"Special enclosures."
1910.106(g)(1)(ii)(a)
When installation of tanks in accordance with paragraph (b)(3) of this section is impractical because of property or building limitations, tanks for flammable liquids may be installed in buildings if properly enclosed.
1910.106(g)(1)(ii)(b)
The enclosure shall be substantially liquid and vaportight without backfill. Sides, top, and bottom of the enclosure shall be of reinforced concrete at least 6 inches thick, with openings for inspection through the top only. Tank connections shall be so piped or closed that neither vapor nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space. Means shall be provided whereby portable equipment may be employed to discharge to the outside any liquid or vapors which might accumulate should leakage occur.
1910.106(g)(1)(iii)
"Inside buildings."
1910.106(g)(1)(iii)(a)
Except where stored in tanks as provided in paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this section, no Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall be stored within any service station building except in closed containers of aggregate capacity not exceeding 60 gallons. One container not exceeding 60 gallons capacity equipped with an approved pump is permitted.
1910.106(g)(1)(iii)(b)
Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), may be transferred from one container to another in lubrication or service rooms of a service station building provided the electrical installation complies with Table H-19 and provided that any heating equipment complies with paragraph (g)(6) of this section.
1910.106(g)(1)(iii)(c)
Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) and Category 4 flammable liquids may be stored and dispensed inside service station buildings from tanks of not more than 120 gallons capacity each.
1910.106(g)(1)(iv)
1910.106(g)(1)(v)
Dispensing into portable containers. No delivery of any Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall be made into portable containers unless the container is constructed of metal, has a tight closure with screwed or spring cover, and is fitted with a spout or so designed so the contents can be poured without spilling.
1910.106(g)(2)
1910.106(g)(3)
"Dispensing systems" -
1910.106(g)(3)(i)
"Location." Dispensing devices at automotive service stations shall be so located that all parts of the vehicle being served will be on the premises of the service station.
1910.106(g)(3)(ii)
"Inside location." Approved dispensing units may be located inside of buildings. The dispensing area shall be separated from other areas in an approved manner. The dispensing unit and its piping shall be mounted either on a concrete island or protected against collision damage by suitable means and shall be located in a position where it cannot be struck by a vehicle descending a ramp or other slope out of control. The dispensing area shall be provided with an approved mechanical or gravity ventilation system. When dispensing units are located below grade, only approved mechanical ventilation shall be used and the entire dispensing area shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. Ventilating systems shall be electrically interlocked with gasoline dispensing units so that the dispensing units cannot be operated unless the ventilating fan motors are energized.
1910.106(g)(3)(iii)
"Emergency power cutoff." A clearly identified and easily accessible switch(es) or a circuit breaker(s) shall be provided at a location remote from dispensing devices, including remote pumping systems, to shut off the power to all dispensing devices in the event of emergency.
"Dispensing units."
1910.106(g)(3)(iv)(a)
Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall be transferred from tanks by means of fixed pumps so designed and equipped as to allow control of the flow and to prevent leakage or accidental discharge.
1910.106(g)(3)(iv)(b)(1)
Only listed devices may be used for dispensing Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C). No such device may be used if it shows evidence of having been dismantled.
1910.106(g)(3)(iv)(b)(2)
Every dispensing device for Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), installed after December 31, 1978, shall contain evidence of listing so placed that any attempt to dismantle the device will result in damage to such evidence, visible without disassembly or dismounting of the nozzle.
1910.106(g)(3)(iv)(c)
Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall not be dispensed by pressure from drums, barrels, and similar containers. Approved pumps taking suction through the top of the container or approved self-closing faucets shall be used.
1910.106(g)(3)(iv)(d)
The dispensing units, except those attached to containers, shall be mounted either on a concrete island or protected against collision damage by suitable means.
1910.106(g)(3)(v)
"Remote pumping systems."
1910.106(g)(3)(v)(a)
This paragraph (g)(3)(v) shall apply to systems for dispensing Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), where such liquids are transferred from storage to individual or multiple dispensing units by pumps located elsewhere than at the dispensing units.
1910.106(g)(3)(v)(b)
Pumps shall be designed or equipped so that no part of the system will be subjected to pressures above its allowable working pressure. Pumps installed above grade, outside of buildings, shall be located not less than 10 feet from lines of adjoining property which may be built upon, and not less than 5 feet from any building opening. When an outside pump location is impractical, pumps may be installed inside of buildings, as provided for dispensers in subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph, or in pits as provided in subdivision (c) of this subdivision. Pumps shall be substantially anchored and protected against physical damage by vehicles.
1910.106(g)(3)(v)(c)
Pits for subsurface pumps or piping manifolds of submersible pumps shall withstand the external forces to which they may be subjected without damage to the pump, tank, or piping. The pit shall be no larger than necessary for inspection and maintenance and shall be provided with a fitted cover.
1910.106(g)(3)(v)(d)
A control shall be provided that will permit the pump to operate only when a dispensing nozzle is removed from its bracket on the dispensing unit and the switch on this dispensing unit is manually actuated. This control shall also stop the pump when all nozzles have been returned to their brackets.
1910.106(g)(3)(v)(e)
An approved impact valve, incorporating a fusible link, designed to close automatically in the event of severe impact or fire exposure shall be properly installed in the dispensing supply line at the base of each individual dispensing device.
1910.106(g)(3)(v)(f)
Testing. After the completion of the installation, including any paving, that section of the pressure piping system between the pump discharge and the connection for the dispensing facility shall be tested for at least 30 minutes at the maximum operating pressure of the system. Such tests shall be repeated at 5-year intervals thereafter.
1910.106(g)(3)(vi)
"Delivery nozzles."
1910.106(g)(3)(vi)(a)
A listed manual or automatic-closing type hose nozzle valve shall be provided on dispensers used for the dispensing of Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C).
1910.106(g)(3)(vi)(b)
Manual-closing type valves shall be held open manually during dispensing. Automatic-closing type valves may be used in conjunction with an approved latch-open device.
1910.106(g)(4)
"Marine service stations" -
1910.106(g)(4)(i)
1910.106(g)(4)(i)(a)
1910.106(g)(4)(i)(b)
1910.106(g)(4)(i)(c)
1910.106(g)(4)(ii)
1910.106(g)(4)(iii)
1910.106(g)(4)(iii)(a)
Piping between shore tanks and dispensing units shall be as described in paragraph (c) of this section, except that, where dispensing is from a floating structure, suitable lengths of oil-resistant flexible hose may be employed between the shore piping and the piping on the floating structure as made necessary by change in water level or shoreline.
TABLE H-19 - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HAZARDOUS AREAS
Location         |Group D |     Extent of classified area
_______________________|________|___________________________________
Underground tank:      |        |
Fill opening..........|      1 | Any pit, box or space below grade
|        |   level, any part of which is
|        |   within the Division 1 or 2
|        |   classified area.
|      2 | Up to 18 inches above grade level
|        |   within a horizontal radius of
|        |   10 feet from a loose fill
|        |   connection and and within a
|        |   horizontal radius of 5 feet
|        |   from a tight fill connection.
Vent-Discharging      |        |
Upward.             |      1 | Within 3 feet of open end of
|      2 | Area between 3 feet and 5 feet
|        |   of open end of vent, extending
|        |   in all directions.
Dispenser:             |        |
Pits .................|      1 | Any pit, box or space below grade
Dispenser enclosure ..|      1 | The area 4 feet vertically above
|        |   base within the enclosure and
|        |   18 inches horizontally in all
Outdoor ..............|      2 | Up to 18 inches above grade level
|        |   within 20 feet horizontally of
|        |   any edge of enclosure.
Indoor:                |        |
With mechanical       |        |
ventilation ........|      2 | Up to 18 inches above grade or
|        |   floor level within 20 feet
|        |   horizontally of any edge of
|        |   enclosure.
With gravity          |        |
|        |   floor level within 25 feet
|        |   horizontally of any edge
|        |   of enclosure.
Remote pump - Outdoor.|      1 | Any pit, box or space below grade
|        |   level if any part is within a
|        |   horizontal distance of 10 feet
|        |   from any edge of the pump.
|      2 | Within 3 feet of any edge of the
|        |   pump, extending in all
|        |   inches above grade level within
|        |   10 feet horizontally from any
|        |   edge of the pump.
Remote pump - Indoor .|      1 | Entire area within any pit.
|      2 | Within 5 feet of any edg of pump,
|        |   Also up to 3 feet above floor
|        |   or grade level within 25 feet
|        |   horizontally from any edge of
|        |   pump.
Lubrication or        |        |
service room .......|      1 | Entire area within any pit.
|      2 | Area up to 18 inches above floor
|        |   or grade level within entire
|        |   lubrication room.
Dispenser for         |        |
Liquids with a        |        |
flashpoint below      |        |
100 °F (37.8 °C)(1)...|      2 | Within 3 feet of any fill or
|        |   dispensing point, extending in
Special enclosure     |        |
inside building per |      1 | Entire enclosure.
1910.106(f)(1)(ii). |        |
Sales, storage and    |        |
rest rooms..........|    (2) | If there is any opening to these
|        |   rooms within the extent of a
|        |   Division 1 area, the entire
|        |   room shall be classified as
|        |   Division 1.
_______________________|________|________________________________________
Footnote (1) Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or for Category 3 flammable
liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C).
Footnote (2) Ordinary
1910.106(g)(4)(iii)(b)
1910.106(g)(4)(iii)(c)
1910.106(g)(4)(iii)(d)
1910.106(g)(5)
1910.106(g)(5)(i)
Application. This paragraph (g)(5) shall apply to areas where Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are stored or handled. For areas where Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or Category 4 flammable liquids are stored or handled the electrical equipment may be installed in accordance with the provisions of subpart S of this part, for ordinary locations.
1910.106(g)(5)(ii)
All electrical equipment and wiring shall be of a type specified by and shall be installed in accordance with subpart S of this part.
1910.106(g)(5)(iii)
So far as it applies. Table H-19 shall be used to delineate and classify hazardous areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment under normal circumstances. A classified area shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall, roof, or other solid partition.
1910.106(g)(5)(iv)
The area classifications listed shall be based on the assumption that the installation meets the applicable requirements of this section in all respects.
1910.106(g)(6)
"Heating equipment" -
1910.106(g)(6)(i)
"Conformance." Heating equipment shall be installed as provided in paragraphs (g)(6)(ii) through (v) of this section.
1910.106(g)(6)(ii)
"Application." Heating equipment may be installed in the conventional manner in an area except as provided in paragraph (g)(6)(iii), (iv), or (v) of this section.
1910.106(g)(6)(iii)
"Special room." Heating equipment may be installed in a special room separated from an area classified by Table H-19 by walls having a fire resistance rating of at least 1 hour and without any openings in the walls within 8 feet of the floor into an area classified in Table H-19. This room shall not be used for combustible storage and all air for combustion purposes shall come from outside the building.
1910.106(g)(6)(iv)
Work areas. Heating equipment using gas or oil fuel may be installed in the lubrication, sales, or service room where there is no dispensing or transferring of Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids or 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), provided the bottom of the combustion chamber is at least 18 inches above the floor and the heating equipment is protected from physical damage by vehicles. Heating equipment using gas or oil fuel listed for use in garages may be installed in the lubrication or service room where Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are dispensed provided the equipment is installed at least 8 feet above the floor.
1910.106(g)(6)(v)
"Electric heat." Electrical heating equipment shall conform to paragraph (g)(5) of this section.
1910.106(g)(7)
Drainage and waste disposal. Provision shall be made in the area where Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), are dispensed to prevent spilled liquids from flowing into the interior of service station buildings. Such provision may be by grading driveways, raising door sills, or other equally effective means. Crankcase drainings and flammable liquids shall not be dumped into sewers but shall be stored in tanks or drums outside of any building until removed from the premises
1910.106(g)(8)
"Sources of ignition." In addition to the previous restrictions of this paragraph, the following shall apply: There shall be no smoking or open flames in the areas used for fueling, servicing fuel systems for internal combustion engines, receiving or dispensing of flammable liquids. Conspicuous and legible signs prohibiting smoking shall be posted within sight of the customer being served. The motors of all equipment being fueled shall be shut off during the fueling operation.
1910.106(g)(9)
"Fire control." Each service station shall be provided with at least one fire extinguisher having a minimum approved classification of 6 B, C, located so that an extinguisher, will be within 75 feet of each pump, dispenser, underground fill pipe opening, and lubrication or service room.
1910.106(h)
"Processing plants" -
1910.106(h)(1)
"Scope." This paragraph shall apply to those plants or buildings which contain chemical operations such as oxidation, reduction, halogenation, hydrogenation, alkylation, polymerization, and other chemical processes but shall not apply to chemical plants, refineries or distilleries.
1910.106(h)(2)
"Location" -
1910.106(h)(2)(i)
"Classification." The location of each processing vessel shall be based upon its flammable liquid capacity.
1910.106(h)(3)
"Processing building" -
1910.106(h)(3)(i)
1910.106(h)(3)(i)(a)
Processing buildings shall be of fire-resistance or noncombustible construction, except heavy timber construction with load-bearing walls may be permitted for plants utilizing only stable Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or Category 4 flammable liquids. Except as provided in paragraph (h)(2)(ii) of this section or in the case of explosion resistant walls used in conjunction with explosion relieving facilities, see paragraph (h)(3)(iv) of this section, load-bearing walls are prohibited. Buildings shall be without basements or covered pits.
1910.106(h)(3)(i)(b)
Areas shall have adequate exit facilities arranged to prevent occupants from being trapped in the event of fire. Exits shall not be exposed by the drainage facilities described in paragraph (h)(ii) of this section.
1910.106(h)(3)(ii)
1910.106(h)(3)(ii)(a)
Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct flammable liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe location. This may require curbs, scuppers, or special drainage systems to control the spread of fire, see paragraph (b)(2)(vii)(b) of this section.
1910.106(h)(3)(ii)(b)
Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators.
1910.106(h)(3)(iii)
1910.106(h)(3)(iii)(a)
Enclosed processing buildings shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot of solid floor area. This shall be accomplished by natural or mechanical ventilation with discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building. Provisions shall be made for introduction of makeup air in such a manner as not to short circuit the ventilation. Ventilation shall be arranged to include all floor areas or pits where flammable vapors may collect.
1910.106(h)(3)(iii)(b)
1910.106(h)(3)(iv)
Explosion relief. Areas where Category 1 or unstable liquids are processed shall have explosion venting through one or more of the following methods:
1910.106(h)(3)(iv)(a)
Open air construction.
1910.106(h)(3)(iv)(b)
Lightweight walls and roof.
1910.106(h)(3)(iv)(c)
Lightweight wall panels and roof hatches.
1910.106(h)(3)(iv)(d)
Windows of explosion venting type.
1910.106(h)(4)
"Liquid handling" -
1910.106(h)(4)(i)
1910.106(h)(4)(i)(a)
The storage of flammable liquids in tanks shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of paragraph (b) of this section.
1910.106(h)(4)(i)(b)
If the storage of flammable liquids in outside aboveground or underground tanks is not practical because of temperature or production considerations, tanks may be permitted inside of buildings or structures in accordance with the applicable provisions of paragraph (b) of this section.
1910.106(h)(4)(i)(c)
Storage tanks inside of buildings shall be permitted only in areas at or above grade which have adequate drainage and are separated from the processing area by construction having a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hours.
1910.106(h)(4)(i)(d)
The storage of flammable liquids in containers shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of paragraph (d) of this section.
1910.106(h)(4)(ii)
1910.106(h)(4)(ii)(a)
Piping, valves, and fittings shall be in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.
1910.106(h)(4)(ii)(b)
Approved flexible connectors may be used where vibration exists or where frequent movement is necessary. Approved hose may be used at transfer stations.
1910.106(h)(4)(ii)(c)
Piping containing flammable liquids shall be identified.
1910.106(h)(4)(iii)
The transfer of large quantities of flammable liquids shall be through piping by means of pumps or water displacement. Except as required in process equipment, gravity flow shall not be used. The use of compressed air as a transferring medium is prohibited.
1910.106(h)(4)(iii)(b)
Positive displacement pumps shall be provided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank or to pump suction.
1910.106(h)(4)(iv)
1910.106(h)(4)(iv)(a)
Equipment shall be designed and arranged to prevent the unintentional escape of liquids and vapors and to minimize the quantity escaping in the event of accidental release.
1910.106(h)(4)(iv)(b)
Where the vapor space of equipment is usually within the flammable range, the probability of explosion damage to the equipment can be limited by inerting, by providing an explosion suppression system, or by designing the equipment to contain the peak explosion pressure which may be modified by explosion relief. Where the special hazards of operation, sources of ignition, or exposures indicate a need, consideration shall be given to providing protection by one or more of the above means.
1910.106(h)(5)
Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading. Tank vehicle and tank car loading or unloading facilities shall be separated from aboveground tanks, warehouses, other plant buildings, or nearest line of adjoining property which may be built upon by a distance of 25 feet for Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), and 15 feet for Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) and Category 4 flammable liquids measured from the nearest position of any fill stem. Buildings for pumps or shelters for personnel may be a part of the facility. Operations of the facility shall comply with the appropriate portions of paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
1910.106(h)(6)
1910.106(h)(6)(i)
"Portable extinguishers." Approved portable fire extinguishers of appropriate size, type, and number shall be provided.
1910.106(h)(6)(ii)
"Other controls." Where the special hazards of operation or exposure indicate a need, the following fire control provision shall be provided.
1910.106(h)(6)(ii)(a)
A reliable water supply shall be available in pressure and quantity adequate to meet the probable fire demands.
1910.106(h)(6)(ii)(b)
Hydrants shall be provided in accordance with accepted good practice.
1910.106(h)(6)(ii)(c)
Hose connected to a source of water shall be installed so that all vessels, pumps, and other equipment containing flammable liquids can be reached with at least one hose stream. Nozzles that are capable of discharging a water spray shall be provided.
1910.106(h)(6)(ii)(d)
Processing plants shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system or equivalent extinguishing system. If special extinguishing systems including but not limited to those employing foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical are provided, approved equipment shall be used and installed in an approved manner.
1910.106(h)(6)(iii)
"Alarm systems." An approved means for prompt notification of fire to those within the plant and any public fire department available shall be provided. It may be advisable to connect the plant system with the public system where public fire alarm system is available.
1910.106(h)(6)(iv)
"Maintenance." All plant fire protection facilities shall be adequately maintained and periodically inspected and tested to make sure they are always in satisfactory operating condition and that they will serve their purpose in time of emergency.
1910.106(h)(7)
1910.106(h)(7)(i)
1910.106(h)(7)(i)(a)
Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall not be dispensed into containers unless the nozzle and container are electrically interconnected. Where the metallic floorplate on which the container stands while filling is electrically connected to the fill stem or where the fill stem is bonded to the container during filling operations by means of a bond wire, the provisions of this section shall be deemed to have been complied with.
1910.106(h)(7)(ii)
"Maintenance and repair."
1910.106(h)(7)(ii)(a)
When necessary to do maintenance work in a flammable liquid processing area, the work shall be authorized by a responsible representative of the employer.
1910.106(h)(7)(ii)(b)
Hot work, such as welding or cutting operations, use of spark-producing power tools, and chipping operations shall be permitted only under supervision of an individual in responsible charge who shall make an inspection of the area to be sure that it is safe for the work to be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified.
1910.106(h)(7)(iii)
1910.106(h)(7)(iii)(a)
All electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed in accordance with subpart S of this part.
1910.106(h)(7)(iii)(b)
Locations where flammable vapor-air mixtures may exist under normal operations shall be classified Class I, Division 1 according to the requirements of subpart S of this part. For those pieces of equipment installed in accordance with paragraph (h)(3)(iii)(b) of this section, the Division 1 area shall extend 5 feet in all directions from all points of vapor liberation. All areas within pits shall be classified Division 1 if any part of the pit is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area, unless the pit is provided with mechanical ventilation.
1910.106(h)(7)(iii)(c)
Locations where flammable vapor-air mixtures may exist under abnormal conditions and for a distance beyond Division 1 locations shall be classified Division 2 according to the requirements of subpart S of this part. These locations include an area within 20 feet horizontally, 3 feet vertically beyond a Division 1 area, and up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 25 feet, if indoors, or 10 feet if outdoors, from any pump, bleeder, withdrawal fitting, meter, or similar device handling Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C). Pits provided with adequate mechanical ventilation within a Division 1 or 2 area shall be classified Division 2. If Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or Category 4 flammable liquids only are handled, then ordinary electrical equipment is satisfactory though care shall be used in locating electrical apparatus to prevent hot metal from falling into open equipment.
1910.106(h)(7)(iii)(d)
Where the provisions of paragraphs (h)(7)(iii) (a), (b), and (c) of this section require the installation of explosion-proof equipment, ordinary electrical equipment including switchgear may be used if installed in a room or enclosure which is maintained under positive pressure with respect to the hazardous area. Ventilation makeup air shall be uncontaminated by flammable vapors.
1910.106(h)(8)
1910.106(h)(8)(i)
1910.106(h)(8)(ii)
"Access." Adequate aisles shall be maintained for unobstructed movement of personnel and so that fire protection equipment can be brought to bear on any part of the processing equipment.
"Waste and residues." Combustible waste material and residues in a building or operating area shall be kept to a minimum, stored in closed metal waste cans, and disposed of daily.
1910.106(h)(8)(iv)
"Clear zone." Ground area around buildings and operating areas shall be kept free of tall grass, weeds, trash, or other combustible materials.
"Refineries, chemical plants, and distilleries" -
1910.106(i)(1)
"Storage tanks." flammable liquids shall be stored in tanks, in containers, or in portable tanks. Tanks shall be installed in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. Tanks for the storage of flammable liquids in tank farms and in locations other than process areas shall be located in accordance with paragraph (b)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.
1910.106(i)(2)
"Wharves." Wharves handling flammable liquids shall be in accordance with paragraph (f)(4) of this section.
1910.106(i)(3)
"Fired and unfired pressure vessels" -
"Fired vessels." Fired pressure vessels shall be constructed in accordance with the Code for Fired Pressure Vessels, Section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - 1968.
Unfired vessels shall be constructed in accordance with the Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels, Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - 1968.
1910.106(i)(4)
"Location of process units." Process units shall be located so that they are accessible from at least one side for the purpose of fire control.
1910.106(i)(5)
1910.106(i)(5)(i)
"Portable equipment." Portable fire extinguishment and control equipment shall be provided in such quantities and types as are needed for the special hazards of operation and storage.
1910.106(i)(5)(ii)
"Water supply." Water shall be available in volume and at adequate pressure to supply water hose streams, foam producing equipment, automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation and storage.
1910.106(i)(5)(iii)
"Special equipment." Special extinguishing equipment such as that utilizing foam, inert gas, or dry chemical shall be provided as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation and storage.
Scope. This section applies to the handling, storage, and use of flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or below 199.4 °F (93 °C) unless otherwise noted. This section does not apply to:
1910.106(j)(1)
Bulk transportation of flammable liquids;
1910.106(j)(2)
Storage, handling, and use of fuel oil tanks and containers connected with oil burninge quipment;
1910.106(j)(3)
Storage of flammable liquids on farms;
1910.106(j)(4)
Liquids without flashpoints that may be flammable under some conditions, such as certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons;
1910.106(j)(5)
Mists, sprays, or foams, except flammable aerosols covered in paragraph (d) of this section; or
1910.106(j)(6)
Installations made in accordance with requirements of the following standards, that are incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6:
1910.106(j)(6)(i)
National Fire Protection Association Standard for Drycleaning Plants, NFPA No. 32-1970;
1910.106(j)(6)(ii)
National Fire Protection Association Standard for the Manufacture of Organic Coatings, NFPA No. 35-1970;
1910.106(j)(6)(iii)
National Fire Protection Association Standard for Solvent Extraction Plants, NFPA No. 36-1967; or
1910.106(j)(6)(iv)
National Fire Protection Association Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, NFPA No. 37-1970.
[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 3982, Jan. 27, 1975; 40 FR 23743, June 2, 1975; 43 FR 49746, Oct. 24, 1978; 43 FR 51759, Nov. 7, 1978; 47 FR 39164, Sept. 7, 1982; 51 FR 34560, Sept. 29, 1986; 53 FR 12121, Apr. 12, 1988; 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 61 FR 9227, March 7, 1996; 70 FR 53929, Sept. 13, 2005; 77 FR 17766, March 26, 2012; 81 FR 10490-10491, March 1, 2016]