Source: http://famguardian1.org/TaxFreedom/CitesByTopic/State.htm
Timestamp: 2018-11-16 15:41:08
Document Index: 273485239

Matched Legal Cases: ['ART 1', 'art 1', 'ART 1', 'art 1', 'ART 3', 'art 3', 'ART 10', 'art 10', 'ART 10', 'art 10', '§110', '§3111', '§1332', '§1401', '§1408', '§1101', '§1101', '§110', '§1101', '§7701', '§1332', '§1301', '§1301', '§1332', '§6103', '§110', '§7701', '§319']

Words and Phrases, Volume 40: State
Wikipedia: U.S. state (OFFSITE LINK)
Our Enemy The State-Albert Jay Nock
California Revenue and Taxation Code (RTC), Section 130(f)
DIVISION 1. PROPERTY TAXATION [50 - 5911]( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1939, Ch. 154. )
PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS [101 - 198.1]( Part 1 enacted by Stats. 1939, Ch. 154. )
CHAPTER 1. Construction [101 - 136] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1939, Ch. 154. )
RTC 130 (f) "In this state" means within the exterior limits of the State of California, and includes all territory within these limits owned by, or ceded to, the United States of America.
California Revenue and Taxation Code, Section 6017
Revenue and Taxation Code – RTC
DIVISION 2. OTHER TAXES [6001 - 60709]( Heading of Division 2 amended by Stats. 1968, Ch. 279. ) PART 1. SALES AND USE TAXES [6001 - 7176]( Part 1 added by Stats. 1941, Ch. 36. )
CHAPTER 1. General Provisions and Definitions [6001 - 6024]( Chapter 1 added by Stats. 1941, Ch. 36. )
RTC 6017.“In this State” or “in the State” means within the exterior limits of the State of California and includes all territory within these limits owned by or ceded to the United States of America.
California Revenue and Taxation Code, Section 8609
DIVISION 2. OTHER TAXES [6001 - 60709] ( Heading of Division 2 amended by Stats. 1968, Ch. 279. )
PART 3. USE FUEL TAX [8601 - 9355]( Part 3 added by Stats. 1941, Ch. 38. )
CHAPTER 1. General Provisions and Definitions [8601 - 8621] Chapter 1 added by Stats. 1941, Ch. 38
8609. “In this State” or “in the State” means within the exterior limits of the State of California and includes all territory within these limits owned by or ceded to the United States of America.
California Revenue and Taxation Code, Section 17017
PART 10. PERSONAL INCOME TAX [17001 - 18181] ( Part 10 added by Stats. 1943, Ch. 659. )
17017.“United States,” when used in a geographical sense, includes the states, the District of Columbia, and the possessions of the United States.
California Revenue and Taxation Code, Section 17018
DIVISION 2. OTHER TAXES [6001 - 60709]( Heading of Division 2 amended by Stats. 1968, Ch. 279. )
PART 10. PERSONAL INCOME TAX [17001 - 18181]( Part 10 added by Stats. 1943, Ch. 659. )
17018.“State” includes the District of Columbia, and the possessions of the United States.
DISTINCTION BETWEEN "State"/"Territory" v. "state", FROM GREAT IRS HOAX, SECTION 4.5.3:
Let us carefully clarify the important distinctions between “States”, “territories", and “states” in the context of federal statutes to make our analysis crystal clear. Remember that federal “territories” and “States” are synonymous as per 4 U.S.C. §110(d). Keep in mind also that Indian reservations, while considered “sovereign nations” are also federal “States”:
1 Federal government has “police powers” (e.g. criminal jurisdiction) here?
2 Constitution Article 1, Section 8, Clause 17 jurisdiction?
3 “foreign state” relative to the federal government?
4 No “legislative jurisdiction” (federal statutes, like IRC) jurisdiction without state cession? 40 U.S.C. §3111 & 3112 No Yes
5 Federal courts in the region act under the authority of what Constitutional provision?: Constitution Articles II and III. Article II legislative courts (no mandate for trial by jury) Article III Constitutional courts (mandatory trial by jury)
6 Statutory diversity of citizenship applies here? 28 U.S.C. §1332 Yes No
7 Constitutional diversity of Citizenship Article III. Section 2 No Yes
8 Citizenship of persons born here:
8 U.S.C. §1401 and 8 U.S.C. §1408, 8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(22)(B), 8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(21)
Statutory “U.S. citizen” “national”
9 Bill of rights (first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution) applies here?
10 Listed in Title 48 as a “Territory or possession”?
11 Local governments here have “sovereign immunity” relative to federal government?
4 U.S.C. §110(d)
8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(36)
26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(10)
28 U.S.C. §1332(d)
TITLE 28 > PART IV > CHAPTER 85 > Sec. 1332. [Judiciary and Judicial Procedure]
42 U.S.C. §1301(a)(1): Current Social Security Act
[42 U.S.C. §1301(a)(1)]
(d) the word "States", as used in this section [Title 28 §1332 as amended in 1958] includes the Territories, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
It is to be noted that the statute differentiates between States of the United States and foreign states by the use of the capital S for the word when applied to a State of the United States."
[Eisenberg v. Commercial Union Assurance Company, 189 F.Supp. 500 (1960)]
26 U.S.C. §6103(b)(5)
(5) State The term “State” means—
(A) any of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Canal Zone, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and (B) for purposes of subsections (a)(2), (b)(4), (d)(1), (h)(4), and (p) any municipality—
(iii) with which the Secretary (in his sole discretion) has entered into an agreement regarding disclosure.
"Generally the word "state" when used by court or Legislature [in federal statutes, for instance, of which the Internal Revenue Code is a part] denotes one of the members of the federal Union. Twin Falls County v. Hulbert, 156 P.2d. 319, 324, 235, 66 Idaho 128."
"The word "state" is generally used in connection with constitutional law in United States as meaning individual states making up the Union in contradistinction to United States as a nation, but United States is a "state" as such word is frequently used in international law, or to carry out legislative intent expressed in statute. McLaughlin v. Poucher, 17 A.2d. 767, 770, 127 Conn. 441."
[Words and Phrases, Vol. 40, p. 20]
It is sufficient to observe in relation to these three fundamental instruments [Articles of Confederation, the United States Constitution, and the Treaty of Peace with Spain], that it can nowhere be inferred that the *251 territories were considered a part of the United States. The Constitution was created by the people of the United States, as a union of states, to be governed solely by representatives of the states; and even the provision relied upon here, that all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform ‘throughout the United States,’ is explained by subsequent provisions of the Constitution, that ‘no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state,’ and ‘no preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.’ In short, the Constitution deals with states, their people, and their representatives.
The sentence found in the Historical and Revision Notes under 28 U.S.C. Chapter 5 say the following:
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was enacted on September 24, 1789 when only 11 States had ratified this Constitution. Notice, however, that the Act creates 13 districts. The Maine District is created from part of the State of Massachusetts and the Kentucky District was created from the “remaining part of the State of Virginia.” Kentucky became a State on June 1, 1792 and Maine was admitted into the Union on March 15, 1820. These facts prove that the State of Massachusetts and the State of Virginia are something other than States even though the Judiciary Act of 1789 says they are part of the United States.
Title 28 U.S.C. was enacted into positive law in 1948. In order for the “judicial” law enacted by the Congress of the United States to be positive law, it had to conform to Section 2 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 and other “judicial” legislation. The sentence: “Sections 81-131 of this chapter show the territorial composition of districts and divisions by counties as of January 1, 1945,” was added by the Law Revision Counsel so that it would conform to all prior statute law that concerned the federal judiciary and judicial procedure.
[Albert Jay Nock (1870-1945), Source: The Criminality of the State, America Mercury Magazine, March, 1939]
BACKGROUND ON "STATE" FROM THE PREFACE OF THE GREAT IRS HOAX:
State — in the context of federal statutes, federal court rulings, and this book means a federal State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Northern Marina Islands, and includes areas within the external boundaries of a state owned by or ceded to the United States of America. Federal “States” are defined in 4 U.S.C. §110(d) and 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(10). In the context of the U.S. Constitution only, “State” means a sovereign “state” as indicated below. The reason the constitution is different is because of who wrote it. The states wrote it so they are capitalized. Federal statutes are not written by the sovereign states so they use the lower case “state” to describe the sovereign 50 union states, which are foreign to the federal government and outside its territorial jurisdiction.
state — in the context of federal statutes, federal court rulings, and this book means a sovereign state of the Union of America under the Constitution for the United States of America 1789-1791. In the context of the U.S. Constitution only, “State” means a sovereign “state” as defined here. Below is a further clarification of the meaning of “states” as defined by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of O’Donoghue v. United States, 289 U.S. 516 (1933), where they define what is not a “state”:
Law Federal constitution Federal
statutes Federal regulations State constitutions State statutes State regulations
So what the above table clearly shows is that the word “State” in the context of federal statutes and regulations means (not includes!) federal States only under Title 48 of the U.S. Code[3], and these areas do not include any of the 50 union states. This is true in most cases and especially in the Internal Revenue Code, but there are a few minor exceptions: For example in 40 U.S.C. §319c. The word “State” in the context of federal statutes and regulations means one of the 50 union states, which are “foreign states”, and “foreign countries” with respect to the federal government as clearly explained later in section 5.2.11 of this book. In the context of the above, a “Union State” means one of the 50 Union states of the United States* (the country, not the federal United States**). The capitalization of the word "State" therefore always depends on the context in which it is used.
[3] See http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/48/