Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/KR101465816B1/en
Timestamp: 2020-01-20 06:17:22
Document Index: 86416953

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 300', 'art 300', 'art 300', 'art 300', 'art 300', 'art 300', 'arts 600', 'arts 600', 'arts 600', 'arts 600', 'arts 600', 'arts 600', 'art 600', 'art 600', 'art 600', 'art 600', 'art 600', 'art 300', 'art 600', 'art 300', 'art 600', 'art 700', 'art 700', 'art 700', 'art 700', 'art 700', 'art 700', 'art 300']

KR101465816B1 - Extending flash drive lifespan - Google Patents
KR101465816B1
KR101465816B1 KR20097015539A KR20097015539A KR101465816B1 KR 101465816 B1 KR101465816 B1 KR 101465816B1 KR 20097015539 A KR20097015539 A KR 20097015539A KR 20097015539 A KR20097015539 A KR 20097015539A KR 101465816 B1 KR101465816 B1 KR 101465816B1
KR20097015539A
KR20090117919A (en
딜레쉬 도키아
무케쉬 카르키
마이클 알. 포르틴
2007-01-31 Priority to US11/700,443 priority Critical
2007-01-31 Priority to US11/700,443 priority patent/US8560760B2/en
2008-01-31 Application filed by 마이크로소프트 코포레이션 filed Critical 마이크로소프트 코포레이션
2008-01-31 Priority to PCT/US2008/052709 priority patent/WO2008095134A1/en
2009-11-16 Publication of KR20090117919A publication Critical patent/KR20090117919A/en
2014-11-26 Publication of KR101465816B1 publication Critical patent/KR101465816B1/en
In a computer-implemented method for filtering input / output operations of a flash drive, an input / output request directed to a flash drive is received. It is determined whether the input / output request is related to the bulk write operation. If the input / output request is associated with a bulk write operation, the flash drive input / output management operation to be performed is selected. If the input / output request is not associated with a bulk write operation, an input / output request is sent to the flash drive.
Flash drive, input / output request, mass write operation, flash drive filter
Extended flash drive life {EXTENDING FLASH DRIVE LIFESPAN}
When reading from and writing to various locations on a mechanical hard disk drive, there are often latencies due to the seek time required to move the hard disk drive head between locations on the disk. However, the flash memory is a solid state recording mechanism with no movement, so it has a faster read access time than a mechanical hard drive. The read from the flash drive is typically because there is no delay due to head-seek time, such as occurs in a mechanical hard drive. Therefore, the read from the flash drive may be ten times faster than the read from the mechanical drive. This improved read speed is one reason why flash drives replace mechanical hard disk drives in many computer applications.
The memory space of a typical flash drive consists of an area or array called a cell. The limitation of flash memory is that it can be read and written at random, but only block erase or erase. The cell of the flash drive may be physically worn over time after some finite number of erase operations have been performed on the cell as part of the write / re-write process. The number of erase cycles normally required to wipe the cell is in the range of about 100,000 to 1,000,000 erase operations.
Typically, when data in a cell is required to be re-written, the old data is marked as invalid and the replacement data is written to the usable area of the cell. When there is no more available space in the cell, the cell is written to the deleted cell along with valid data copied from the cell before the block is deleted and deleted. This deletion allows you to rewrite the invalid part of the cell. The process for writing data to such a flash drive is only one technique called "wear leveling" employed in flash drives to limit the number of erase operations performed in the cell.
As flash drives become larger and more common, they are increasingly being used as a primary storage replacement for auxiliary storage and mechanical hard disk drives. Due to this increased reliability of the flash drive, the use of certain programs and / or applications causes overloading of the cells of the flash drive. This results in a reduction in the life of the flash drive, despite the current use of wear-leveling technology. Reduced life span is not desirable, especially when flash memory is used as the main storage.
Therefore, there is a need for techniques to solve some of the above shortcomings and drawbacks of flash drives.
This description is provided to introduce the excerpts of ideas in a simplified form that are more fully disclosed in the examples below. This description is not to be interpreted as identifying the principal or essential aspects of the claimed subject matter, nor is it used to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In a computer-implemented method for filtering input / output operations of a flash drive, input / output requests directed to the flash drive are received. It is determined whether there is an input / output request associated with high volume write operations. If the input / output request is associated with a bulk write operation, the flash drive input / output management operation to be performed is selected. The selected flash drive input / output management operations include, but are not limited to, managing the compression of data to be written as a result of an input / output request; Managing decompression of compressed data being recorded as a result of an input / output request; Managing buffering of input / output requests; Or management operations to redirect input / output requests to a nearby solid state storage drive. If the input / output request is not associated with a bulk write operation, the input / output request is sent to the flash drive.
The filtering of the flash drive input / output operations and the management of mass write operations directed to the flash drives together operate to reduce write operations to be written to the flash drive during normal operation. Reduction of write operations to the flash drive reduces erase operations performed on the cells of the flash drive, thereby extending the life of the flash drive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the technology for extending the life of a flash drive with embodiments to illustrate the invention disclosed below.
1 is a drawing of an exemplary computer system that may be used in connection with an embodiment of the present technique for extending the life of a flash drive.
Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary flash drive filter in accordance with one embodiment of the present technology.
3 is a flow diagram of operations performed in accordance with one embodiment of a flash drive filter of the present technique.
4 illustrates an example of a buffering management operation performed in accordance with an embodiment of the present technique;
5 illustrates another example of a buffering management operation performed in accordance with an embodiment of the present technique;
Figure 6 is a flow diagram of operations performed in accordance with one example of the present technique.
7 is a flow diagram of operations performed in accordance with one example of the present technique.
It is to be understood that the drawings referred to in this description are not drawn to scale unless specifically stated.
An embodiment of the present invention for extending the life of a flash drive is disclosed in detail, and an example thereof is shown in the accompanying drawings. Although the technology for extending the life of the flash drive is disclosed in connection with various embodiments, it is understood that the technology for extending the life of the flash drive is not limited to such an embodiment. In contrast, embodiments of the present technology for extending the life of a flash drive are interpreted as covering variations, modifications, and equivalents that may be included within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments defined by the appended claims. Further, in the following embodiments, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present technology for extending the life of flash drives. However, various embodiments of the present technology for extending the life of the flash drive may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail in order not to obscure the aspects of the present embodiments unnecessarily.
Unless expressly stated to the contrary, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, the description throughout this embodiment refers to a "receiving" process, which refers to the operation and process of a computer system or similar electronic computing device (such as the computer system of FIG. 1) Quot ;, "transfer ", " read "," resolving ", " Quot; intercept "or the like. A computer system or similar electronic computing device can manipulate data represented as physical (electronic) capacities in a computer system's registers and memories and store data in a computer system memory or register or other information storage, transfer or display device, Data. Embodiments of the present technology for extending the life of flash drives are also well suited for use with other computer systems, such as optical and virtual computers. Furthermore, it is understood that embodiments of the present technique for extending flash drive life can also be used to extend the life of other solid state storage devices having similar hardware characteristics to flash drives. Additionally, it is understood that in some embodiments of the technology for extending the life of the flash drive one or more steps may be performed manually.
The description begins with the disclosure of an exemplary computer system environment in which embodiments of the present technology may operate. The description discloses an exemplary module in the form of a flash drive filter that operates to extend the life of the flash drive. The components of the flash drive filter are briefly disclosed. The operation of the flash drive filter and its components is discussed further with respect to an exemplary method for filtering input / output operations of a flash drive and an exemplary method for extending the life of a flash drive used as a main storage for an operating system Lt; / RTI &gt;
An exemplary computer system environment
Referring to Figure 1, all or portions of various embodiments of the techniques for extending the life of a flash drive are configured with, for example, computer-readable and computer-executable instructions residing on a computer-usable medium of a computer system . That is, Figure 1 illustrates one example of a computer type that may be used to implement an embodiment of the present technique for extending the life of a flash drive as described below. 1 illustrates an exemplary computer system 100 for use in accordance with an embodiment of the present technique for extending the life of a flash drive. The system 100 of FIG. 1 may be implemented as a general purpose network computer system, an embedded computer system, a router, a switch, a server device, a client device, various intermediate devices / nodes, a standalone computer system, Systems, handheld devices, and the like, which are capable of operating on or within many different computer systems. 1, the computer system 100 of FIG. 1 is configured to have a peripheral computer readable medium 102 such as, for example, a floppy disk, a compact disk, and the like associated therewith.
The system 100 of FIG. 1 includes an address / data bus 104 for communicating information and a processor 106A coupled to a bus 104 for information and instruction processing. As shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 is also suitable for a multi-processor environment in which a plurality of processors 106A, 106B, and 106C are present. Conversely, the system 100 is also well suited for having a single processor, such as, for example, the processor 106A. Processors 106A, 106B, and 106C may be any of various types of microprocessors. The system 100 also includes a computer usable volatile memory, such as, for example, random access memory (RAM), coupled to the bus 104 for storing information and instructions for the processors 106A, 106B, and 106C, 0.0 &gt; 108 &lt; / RTI &gt; The system 100 also includes a computer usable non-volatile memory, such as, for example, read only memory (ROM), coupled to the bus 104 for storing static information and instructions for the processors 106A, 106B, . Also present in the system 100 is a flash drive 112, which is a solid state flash memory device used as the main storage. As shown in FIG. 1, the flash drive 112 is connected to the bus 104 via a flash drive filter 210. Flash drive 112 is used to store information and instructions for computer system 100. In some embodiments, system 100 may additionally or alternatively be comprised of additional storage devices (such as magnetic or optical disks and disk drives) that may be used in connection with flash drive 112 used as a main storage.
System 100 also includes an optional alphabetic input device 114 that includes alphabetic and function keys for communicating information and command selections to processor 106A or processors 106A, 106B, and 106C. The system 100 also includes an optional cursor control device 116 coupled to the bus 104 for communicating user input information and command selections to the processor 106A or processors 106A, 106B, and 106C. The system 100 of the present embodiment includes an optional display device 118 coupled to the bus 104 for displaying information.
1, the optional display device 118 of FIG. 1 includes a liquid crystal device, a carthode ray tube, a plasma display device, and a plasma display device suitable for generating user- A display device or other display device. The optional cursor control device 116 is used to signal a computer user to dynamically move the visual symbol (cursor) on the display screen of the display device 118 and to select a user of the selectable item displayed on the display device 118 . Many implementations of the cursor control device 116 known in the art include a trackball, a mouse, a touch pad, a joystick, or special keys on an alphanumeric input device 114 capable of signal movement of displacement in a given direction or manner . Alternatively, the cursor may be indicated or activated via an input from the alphanumeric input device 114 using a special key and key sequence command. The system 100 is configured to have a cursor pointed to by other means, e.g., voice commands. The system 100 also has an I / O device 120 for coupling the system 100 to an external entity. For example, in one embodiment, I / O device 120 is a modem that enables wired or wireless communication between a system and an external network, such as, but not limited to, the Internet. In another embodiment, for example, I / O device 120 is a universal serial bus (USB) port. In one embodiment, I / O device 120 is a USB port, peripheral storage (e.g., solid state storage or mechanical disk drive) that can be connected for use as an embodiment of the present technique. Some examples of solid state storage include memory cards or portable flash drives.
Continuing to refer to FIG. 1, various other components are shown for system 100. Specifically, an operating system 122, an application 124, a module 126, and data 126, which typically reside in one or some combination of computer usable volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) (128) is shown.
In some embodiments, the techniques for extending the life of a flash drive may be stored in a memory location in RAM 108, stored on peripheral computer readable media 102, or stored on media in flash drive 112 Or as an application 124 or module 126, such as a driver. In the various embodiments disclosed herein, the present technology for extending the life of a flash drive includes a flash drive filter 210 that includes all or part of a module that receives and filters input / output requests directed to the flash drive 112 . In such an embodiment, computer system 100 (and / or flash drive 112) as shown in Figure 1 is configured to have or be coupled to flash drive filter 210.
Flash Drive Filters
Referring again to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary flash drive filter 210 in accordance with one embodiment of the present technique. The flash drive filter 210 is a module for reducing write operations to a flash drive such as the flash drive 112. [ For example, in one embodiment, the flash drive filter 210 is implemented as a software layer or module, such as a portion of an operating system. In yet another embodiment, the flash drive filter 210 is implemented as all or part of a firmware module. In yet another embodiment, the flash drive filter 210 is implemented in a hardware module. 2, the flash drive filter 210 includes an I / O (input / output) nature determiner 220, a flash drive I / O management selector 230, a compression A manager 241, a decompression manager 242, a buffering manager 243, and a redirection manager 244. The flash drive filter 210 is configured to be coupled to, or coupled with, the flash drive to reduce write and erase operations to the flash drive. The lifetime of the flash drive media that can be maintained in a limited number of erase operations is increased as a result of the filtering performed by the flash drive filter 210. [
By way of example, and not limitation, the flash drive filter 210 is shown coupled with a data compression / decompression module 250, a buffer 260 and a peripheral storage 270. However, in various embodiments, unless such functionality provided by data compression / decompression module 250, buffer 260, or peripheral storage 270 is required in certain embodiments, one or more of such combinations And may be optional. Similarly, data compression. It will be appreciated that one or more functions of decompression module 250, buffer 260 and peripheral storage 270 may be integrated into flash drive filter 210 without being accessed through a connection to an external entity, have.
The data compression / decompression module 250 operates under the control of the flash drive filter 210 to perform data compression or decompression with respect to the selected intercepted I / O request. For example, in one embodiment, the data compression / decompression module 250 may be configured to selectively redirect selected data to the data compression / decompression module 250 by the flash drive filter 210, Compress the operation. Similarly, under control from the flash drive filter 210, the data compression / decompression module 250 decompresses the compressed data read from the flash drive. In some embodiments, the data compression / decompression module 250 also performs data encryption during data compression and data decryption during data decompression.
The buffer 260 is utilized under the control of the flash drive filter 210 to receive the selected intercepted I / O request when the I / O request is buffered by the flash drive filter 210. In one embodiment, a random access memory, such as a portion of RAM 108 (FIG. 1), is utilized as buffer 260.
The peripheral storage 270 is utilized by the flash drive filter 210 under the management of the flash drive filter 210 to receive selected input / output operations when an input / output request is forwarded from the flash drive. The peripheral storage 270 may be a mechanical hard disk or a solid state storage. Some examples of solid state storage are external USB flash drives such as memory cards and portable flash drives.
Behavior of the flash drive filter
As shown in FIG. 2, the flash drive filter 210 operates to intercept I / O requests directed to the filtered flash drive. For example, an I / O request is received from an operating system or application running on the computer system 100. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the flash drive 112 is an example of a flash drive to which the flash drive filter 210 can be connected. By way of example, and not limitation, the various examples herein illustrate the use of a flash drive filter 210 for filtering I / O requests directed to a flash drive 112 operating as a primary storage for computer system 100 do. Embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter may be used to extend the life of other flash drives, such as portable flash drives that are removably coupled to the I / O device 120 of the computer system 100, for example, .
The input / output property determiner 220 determines the characteristics of the I / O request. After the I / O request to the flash drive 112 is intercepted, the I / O property determiner 220 of the flash drive filter 210 analyzes the I / O request to determine its characteristics. For example, in one embodiment, the I / O property determiner 220 operates to determine if the I / O request is a bulk write request. Similarly, in one embodiment, the I / O property determiner 220 is further operative to determine the specific category of the bulk request to which the intercepted I / O request belongs. In one embodiment, if the I / O property determiner 220 determines that the intercepted I / O request is not relevant to the bulk write request, the I / O request is sent to the flash drive 112.
The flash drive input / output management selector 230 selects the flash drive input / output management operation based on the characteristics of the input / output requests. Following the previous example, the flash drive I / O management selector 230 receives the characteristics of the intercepted I / O request from the I / O property determiner 220. Based on the characteristics of the intercepted I / O requests, the flash drive I / O management selector 230 selects the manner in which the I / O requests are managed. The flash drive I / O management selector 230 selects an I / O manager to request an I / O manager from the available I / O managers 241, 242, 243, and 244 that make up the flash drive filter 210 Select the management action to be performed and do it. In some embodiments, if the flash drive filter 210 is configured with only one I / O manager, the flash drive I / O management selector 230 may not be needed.
Flash drive input / output managers 241, 242, 243, and 244 are configured to manage the performance of flash drive input / output management operations that contribute to reducing write operations to flash drives. After selection, the flash drive input / output manager 241, 242, 243, 244 is intercepted in a manner to ensure that the total number of write operations performed on the flash drive 112 is reduced Manages I / O requests. The reduction of the write operation reduces the need to perform erase operations on the cells of the flash drive 112 and extends the life of the flash drive 112. [ The flash drive filter 210 is shown as comprising four flash drive I / O managers 241, 242, 243, and 244. It will be appreciated that in various embodiments more or fewer flash drive I / O managers than shown in FIG. 2 may be included in the flash drive filter 210. Similarly, in some embodiments, the functionality of one or more flash drive I / O managers may be accessed by another flash drive I / O manager or within another flash drive I / O manager.
The compression manager 241 manages the compression of selected intercepted I / O requests to the flash drive 112. In one embodiment, compression manager 241 is used to selectively compress all or a subset of the I / O requests that are determined in conjunction with the bulk write operation. For example, the data for the selected write operation is directed to the data compression / decompression module 250, which is compressed into compressed data. In some embodiments, after compression, compression manager 241 directs compressed data to be written to flash drive 112. Alternatively, in some embodiments, after compression, compression manager 241 directs the compressed data to be written to buffer 260 or peripheral storage 270. In some embodiments, the buffered compressed data may be written to the flash drive 112 after the buffer threshold expires. By the data compression, the number of write operations to the flash drive 112 is reduced, reducing the number of erase operations performed on the cells of the flash drive 112.
The decompression manager 242 manages the decompression of the compressed data requested to read from the flash drive 112, the buffer 260 or the peripheral storage 270 in accordance with the intercepted I / O request. In one embodiment, the compressed data to be read is pre-compressed following the interception of the I / O request associated with the bulk write operation. The decompression manager 242 manages the reading of the compressed data from the location where the compressed data is stored and directs the compressed data to the compression / decompression module 250 where the compressed data is decompressed. The decompression manager 242 then directs the decompressed data to the final recipient of the data specified by the intercepted I / O request.
The buffer manager 243 manages buffering of received I / O requests that are stored at least temporarily in the buffer 260. Another function of the buffer manager 243 resolves repetitive, redundant, or overlapping records of data being written to the buffer 260 as a result of a series of I / O requests. In one embodiment, the resolving is performed such that a first version of a unit of data is written to the buffer 260 and then a modified or the same version of the same unit of data is stored in the buffer 260 Is recorded. In one embodiment, the buffer manager 243 may update the first version with the modified information in such a situation, or discard the first version and retain only the second version, Ice.
The resolved version of the data unit is considered to be updated data. If the unit of resolved data is compressed data, its resolved version is considered as updated compressed data. The buffer manager 243 resolves subsequent versions of the buffered data to the flash disk 112 or peripheral storage 27 by resolving multiple versions of the unit of data to be written to the buffer. This eliminates redundant recording of the necessary data units and / or re-recording of the data units otherwise. The recording of the operating system into a registry file is an example of a large capacity record that can be temporarily stored or resolved in the buffer 260 to reduce the writes to the flash drive 112.
The forward manager 244 turns to forward the received I / O request to the flash drive 112 at a different location. For example, in one embodiment, the forward manager 244 switches to store the selected I / O request in the peripheral store 270 instead of the flash drive 112. [ In such an embodiment, this may include an intermediate step of forwarding the record of the I / O request to the buffer 260, and then, after the buffer threshold is exceeded, to the peripheral store 270 . Such a change may otherwise reduce the number of write operations to be written to the flash drive 112. For example, in one embodiment, the peripheral storage 270 is a low cost portable flash drive used to sacrificially receive large write operations so that the life of the flash drive 112 may be extended. In such an embodiment, the decision to perform the forwarding of the I / O request is based on the presence of the peripheral storage 270 or buffer 260 where the I / O request can be forwarded.
The decision to perform forwarding is also based on the nature of the I / O request. In many instances, the peripheral storage 270 can be easily (and accidentally) removed and therefore, in one embodiment, only the less important bulk data write operation is forwarded. This prevents loss of critical data that could render the operating system or application inoperable, for example, when the peripheral storage 270 is removed.
One example of a bulk write operation is a write to the page file of the operating system. Another example of a bulk write operation is a write operation performed by a prefetching application or a search indexing application used on a computer system.
With respect to page files, this is typically used to assist the operating system in creating additional usable memory that exceeds a limited amount of random access memory that resides in the computer system. Additional memory may be created and used through the description of virtual memory. To take advantage of this technology, some operating systems divide memory into chunks called pages. The size of a page can vary depending on the operating system, but the concept of a page is the same. A "page" of virtual memory may be available in memory (e.g., RAM), but is also backed up to a page file stored in a main storage, such as flash drive 112, for example.
There are different types of pages in the normal operation of the operating system. Some pages of memory are read-only. The executable file is an example of a read-only page. Some pages of memory are both readable and writable. An example of a read and write page is user data, such as, for example, a page of a user data memory allocated to a word processor. Such pages of user data memory can be read and written as changes occur while creating or editing a document with a word processor. If such a word processor document is minimized so that other programs can be used, the pages that were previously in memory are all written to the main store so that other pages can replace them when the active RAM of the available RAM is used.
As shown, during normal operation of a computer, such as computer system 100, significant reads and writes typically occur within the pagefile of the virtual memory. Even if the memory is virtually referenced, substantial reading and writing is actual and performed at the actual storage location, such as the memory cell in the flash drive 112. [
3 is a flowchart 300 of operations performed in accordance with one embodiment of flash drive filter 210 of the present technique. The flowchart 300 shows the operations performed at the time of a main I / O request (subject I / O request) to a flash drive such as the flash 112. The main I / O request is intercepted by an embodiment of the flash drive filter 210 configured to utilize data compression and decompression to reduce the write associated with the operating system's paging request.
In step 310, the I / O property determiner 220 in one embodiment receives an I / O request directed to the flash drive 112. The I / O property determiner 220 determines whether the I / O request is associated with a bulk write operation. In this example of the flash drive filter 210, this involves determining that the I / O request is a paging I / O request. Otherwise, the I / O request is sent to the flash drive 112, for example, at step 320. After the I / O request is transmitted, this branching of the flowchart 300 ends at step 390.
As shown in step 330, in one embodiment, the flash drive I / O management selector 230 is used to determine if the I / O request is a read operation or a write operation if the I / O request is associated with a paging request . If the I / O request is a read operation, the flow chart proceeds to step 340, else the flow chart proceeds to step 370.
In step 340, decompression manager 242 in one embodiment is utilized to manage decompression operations performed upon data read for I / O requests. For example, the decompression manager 242 directs the compressed data to be read from the stored location. The compressed data may be stored, for example, in flash drive 112, buffer 260, or in peripheral storage 270. In step 350, the decompression manager 242 sends the compressed data to the data compression / decompression module 250 where the compressed data is decompressed into decompressed data. At step 360, the decompression manager 242 causes the decompressed data to be transmitted to the requested location at the time of the intercepted I / O request. This branching of the flowchart 300 ends at step 390. [
In operation 370, in one embodiment, the compression manager 241 manages a compression operation performed when data is recorded for an I / O request. Data to be recorded for the I / O request is transmitted to the data compression / decompression module 250 where the data is compressed by the compression manager 241 into compressed data.
In step 380, the compression manager 241 instructs the compressed data to be recorded. This involves writing the compressed data directly to the flash drive 112. [ This may also include recording of compressed data associated with an I / O request to buffer 260 or peripheral storage 270. [ This may also include writing compressed data associated with an I / O request to the buffer 260 and writing compressed data to the flash drive 112 or peripheral storage 270 after the buffer threshold is exceeded. As previously disclosed herein, it may also include a resolved, overlapped, repeated, or overlapping version of the compressed data being written to the buffer 260. This branching of the flowchart 300 ends at step 390. [
Applications such as pre-fetching and search indexing (discussed earlier herein) are typically used to make the computer run faster for the user. These applications typically increase the number of reads from the flash drive 112, but also increase the number of writes to the flash drive 112 due to updates to their associated indexes or database files. This is an increase in recording through the normal level experienced by the flash drive 112 when the technique is not used. In one embodiment, the data of the bulk write operation associated with the prefetching and / or search indexing application is managed in a manner similar to the compression and decompression of the paging I / O request shown in the flowchart 300 of FIG.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a buffering management operation performed in accordance with an embodiment of the present technique. Figure 4 shows a buffer manager 243 that manages the buffer 260 as a first in first out (FIFO) type of buffer. As shown in FIG. 4, a series of writes to the buffer 260 is queued up from left to right. When the buffer 260 is full or the specified buffer is exceeded, the buffer 260 is emptied and written to the flash drive 112. One example of a buffer threshold is the expiration of a timer associated with buffer 260. Another example of a buffer threshold is a pre-specified level of fullness of buffer 260 that is exceeded. The queues of the writes 410 are written in the order received in the cells 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427 of the flash drive 112. As shown, this causes a second write to cell 421, a first write to cell 422, a third write to cell 424, and a first write to cell 426. In one embodiment, the total number of writes to the flash drive 112, by a redundant, repeating, or overlapping version of the data (as described above) To be transferred to the flash drive 112 in operation. In such an embodiment, the FIFO operation may be slightly modified for data resolving in the buffer 260.
5 illustrates another embodiment of a buffering management operation performed in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 5 shows a buffer manager 243 that manages the buffer 260 as a bucket type buffer. 5, the buffer 260 may be located between certain offsets within the flash drive 112 (e.g., within a cell or within a cell, or within a cell that may be spread across multiple cells of the flash drive 112) (521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527) storing the record (s)
When a record is received for the flash drive 112, the buffer manager 243 places the record in the appropriate bucket for the allocated memory offset range. If there is no bucket for the record, the bucket manager 243 starts a new bucket for writing with a similar offset, and the write operation is buffered in this new bucket. Intercepted I / O requests that specify other write operations within the scope of the bucket are cumulative in the same bucket. While buffering is being performed, the buffer manager 243 also analyzes the repeated and duplicated data in each bucket in the manner previously described.
If the bucket is full or the buffer threshold capacity is exceeded, the accumulation in the bucket is written to a batch for the appropriate cell or cells 421-427 that contain the offset assigned to the particular bucket. One example where the buffer threshold is exceeded is the predetermined level for fullness caused by the entire bucket or buffer 260. Another example of an exceeded buffer threshold is the expiration of a timer associated with a particular bucket or set of buckets in the buffer 260 or buffer 260. In Figure 5, emptying the buffer 260 is accomplished by three writes from the bucket 521 to the cell 421, two writes from the bucket 522 to the cell 422, a write from the bucket 523 to the cell 423, Dog records. As evidenced by the comparison of Figures 4 and 5, the bucket buffering method can store more records in a particular cell or portion of a cell and allow for a wider resolution of the recording than the FIFO buffering method prior to delivery As such, the bucket buffering method is more compact than the FIFO buffering method.
The following description details the operation of some exemplary methods of operation of embodiments of the present technology for extending the life of a flash drive. Referring to Figures 6 and 7, flowcharts 600 and 700 illustrate exemplary steps used by various embodiments of the present technique to extend the life of a flash drive, respectively. The flowcharts 600, 700 include processes performed by a processor under control of computer-readable and computer-executable instructions in various embodiments. Computer-readable and computer-executable instructions may include, for example, computer-usable volatile memory 108, computer usable non-volatile memory 110, peripheral computer-readable media 102, and / Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; flash &lt; / RTI &gt; Computer-readable and computer-executable instructions are used to control or operate, for example, with respect to the processor 106 and / or the processors 106A, 106B, 106C of FIG. Although specific steps have been disclosed in flowcharts 600 and 700, these steps are exemplary. That is, the embodiment is suitable for performing various other steps or variants of the steps disclosed in the flowcharts 600, 700. The steps of flowcharts 600 and 700 may be performed in a different order than that described and may not perform all the steps of flowcharts 600 and 700. [
Flash drive Filtering Input / Output Operation
6 is a flowchart 600 of operations performed in accordance with one embodiment of the present technique for extending the life of a flash drive. 6 illustrates a flowchart 600 of an illustrative embodiment of a computer implemented method for I / O filtering operations of a flash drive, such as flash drive 112, for example. The elements of the flowchart 600 are described below with reference to the elements of Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
In one embodiment, step 610 of flowchart 600 includes receiving an input / output request directed to the flash drive. As illustrated by various examples herein, in one embodiment, it includes a flash drive filter 210 that receives an I / O request to a flash drive, such as flash drive 112, for example.
In one embodiment, step 620 of the flowchart 600 determines whether the input / output request is associated with a bulk write operation in step 610. The I / O characteristic determination unit 220 makes this determination. Various specific examples of bulk write operations are disclosed herein. Such an example includes an I / O request associated with a paging file, prefetching, indexing and registry writing. It is understood that this is only a part of the numerous I / O requests associated with the bulk write operation and identified by the I / O characteristics determiner 220 in the manner disclosed herein. An example of the operation of the I / O characteristics determiner 220 associated with the determination of an I / O request associated with a paging I / O request is illustrated by way of example in step 310 of flowchart 300. It will be appreciated that the I / O property determiner 220 operates similar to when determining a received I / O request for any one of a plurality of possible bulk write operations.
In one embodiment, in response to determining an input / output request associated with a bulk write operation, step 630 of flowchart 600 includes selecting a flash drive input / output management operation to perform. In one embodiment, this selection is performed by the flash drive I / O management selector 230 in the manner previously described herein. For example, the flash drive I / O management selector 230 may be part of the available I / O managers 241, 242, 243, 244 (not shown) that are partly based on the characteristics of the I / ) To select the management action to be performed.
Thus, as disclosed by the embodiment of the flash drive filter 210 shown in the flowchart 300, the flash drive I / O management selector 230 can perform compression management of the data recorded as a result of the I / O request from the group of management operations comprised of the decompression management of the compressed data read as a result of the request.
Similarly, in one embodiment of the flash drive filter 210 shown in FIG. 2, the flash drive I / O management selector 230 includes operations for managing the compression of data to be written as a result of an I / O request, Managing the decompression of the compressed data read as a result of the I / O request, and managing the I / O request to be forwarded to the surrounding solid state storage drive .
It will be appreciated that in some embodiments disclosed herein, selected I / O management operations that manage compression of data as a result of an I / O request include writing compressed data of an I / O request to a buffer . This can be performed by the compression manager 241 that writes the compressed data to the buffer 260 or by the compression manager 241 that accesses and utilizes the buffer manager 243 that writes the compressed data to the buffer 260 . Further, after the compressed data is written to the buffer 260, the compression manager 241 can further manage the recording of the compressed data from the buffer 260 to the flash drive 112.
As disclosed herein, selected I / O management operations in buffering management of I / O requests in some embodiments further include writing to a peripheral storage from a buffer of data associated with an I / O request. This can be done by the buffer manager 243 which manages the writing of data from the buffer 260 to the peripheral storage 270. [ In such an embodiment, it can be appreciated that the peripheral storage 270 may be a solid state storage drive, such as a memory card or a USB flash drive.
When multiple and potentially overlapping management actions can be selected, the flash drive I / O management selector 230 selects based on a comparison of the characteristics of the I / O request and the set of predetermined rules. For example, in this embodiment all paging I / O write requests are sent to compression manager 241 so that data in the paging file associated with the operating system can be compressed, but data in the paging file is read and decompressed All paging I / O read requests are sent to the decompression manager 242. Similarly, in such a rule-based embodiment, an I / O write request associated with the indexing operation is sent to the compression manager 241 so that the data associated with the file of the indexing operation can be compressed before being written. Similarly, in such a rule-based embodiment, an I / O write request associated with the prefetching operation is sent to the compression manager 241 so that the data of the file associated with the indexing operation can be compressed before being written. Further, in this rule-based embodiment all of the registry file I / O requests are sent to the buffer manager 243, but all other bulk write operations are performed by the forward manager 244 for forwarding if the peripheral store 270 is available ).
In one embodiment, in response to the determination of an input / output request that is not associated with a bulk write operation, step 640 of the flowchart 600 includes sending an input / output request to the flash drive. The I / O characteristics determiner 220 of the flash drive filter 210 transmits an I / O request to the flash drive 112 when an I / O request not related to the bulk write operation is determined do.
Extending the life of flash drives as the primary storage for the operating system
FIG. 7 is a flowchart 700 of operations performed in accordance with one embodiment of the present technique for extending the life of a flash drive. More specifically, FIG. 7 shows a flowchart 700 of an exemplary method of extending the life of a flash drive used as a main storage for an operating system. The elements of the flowchart 700 are described below with reference to the elements of Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
In one embodiment, step 710 of the flowchart 700 includes receiving an input / output request from the operating system to the flash drive. As disclosed in various embodiments herein, in one embodiment, it includes a flash drive filter 210 that receives an I / O request directed to a flash drive, such as flash drive 112, for example. In one embodiment, the operating system utilizes the flash drive 112 as a means of a main storage for operations performed in connection with operating system execution.
In one embodiment, step 720 of the flowchart 700 includes determining the characteristics of the received I / O request. For example, in one embodiment, this may include data relating to the pagefile of the operating system, data relating to the prefetching operation performed by the operating system, data associated with the registry file of the operating system, , And / or data associated with a bulk write operation, such as data associated with an indexing operation performed by an operating system. In one embodiment, as disclosed herein, the I / O characteristics determiner 220 determines whether the I / O request includes data associated with such a bulk write operation.
In one embodiment, step 730 of the flowchart 700 is performed by a flash drive (not shown) based on the characteristics of the I / O request, so as to reduce the number of write operations performed on the flash drive by the operating system while simultaneously maintaining the integrity of the operating system And performing I / O management operations. As disclosed herein, in one embodiment, this involves compression of data associated with a bulk write operation. The integrity of the operating system is maintained by accurately managing the compression of the data so that no data is lost. In one embodiment, the integrity of the operating system also allows data that is important to the functioning of the operating system to be stored only on the flash drive 112 and easily lost from the computer system by removal of the peripheral storage 270 (such as removal of the portable flash drive) To the peripheral storage 270, which may be &lt; / RTI &gt; Additionally, in one embodiment, the integrity of the operating system is protected by the encryption of the compressed data in a special case that is forwarded for storage on the peripheral storage 270, which is easily removed from the computer system.
In one embodiment, flash drive I / O management selector 230 selects compression manager 241. The compression manager 241 transfers the data related to the bulk recording operation to the data compression / decompression module 250 where the data is compressed into the compressed data to perform compression of the data related to such a bulk recording operation. In one embodiment, it may also include compressed data encryption. The flowchart 300 illustrates an example of such an embodiment.
In one embodiment, the compressed data in step 730 is written to the peripheral storage instead of the flash drive. For example, after the data is compressed in one embodiment, the compression manager 241 manages the forwarding of the compressed data so that the compressed data is written to the peripheral storage 270 instead of the flash drive 112. The compression manager 241 may access and utilize the forward manager 244 to perform such forwarding. In one embodiment, the peripheral storage 270, as disclosed herein, may be a solid state storage drive, such as a memory card or a portable flash drive.
In one embodiment, the compressed data of step 730 is written to the buffer instead of the flash drive. For example, after the data associated with an I / O request is compressed in one embodiment, the compression manager 241 may be configured to forward the compressed data to be written to the buffer 260 instead of the flash drive 112 and / Manage buffering. The compression manager 241 accesses the buffer manager 243 and / or the forward manager 244 to utilize it or perform similar functions including similar functions.
In one embodiment, writing compressed data to a buffer also involves resolving repeated, redundant or overlapping versions of the data into updated compressed data. Then, in response to the buffer threshold exceeding, compressed data updated from the buffer to the flash drive is recorded. In one embodiment, the functionality of the buffer manager 243, as described herein, resets the compressed data stored in the buffer 260 and writes the resolved data from the buffer 260 to the flash drive 112 And is accessed or integrated by the compression manager 241. In one embodiment, instead of writing the resolved data to the flash drive 112, the resolved data may be stored in the peripheral storage 270, if the available data is available and the resolved data is not critical to the functionality of the operating system. May be forwarded to storage 270.
An exemplary embodiment of the present technique for extending the life of a flash drive has been disclosed. While the main invention has been described in language specific to structural sun and / or methodology, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the particular aspects or acts described above. Furthermore, the particular aspects or acts disclosed above are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claims.
A computer-implemented method for filtering input / output operations of a flash drive,
Receiving an input / output request directed to the flash drive,
In response to determining that the input / output request is associated with a high frequency write operation, the high frequency write operation being a write operation with a frequency greater than a predefined reference frequency, Managing the decompression of compressed data that is read as a result of the input / output request; managing buffering of the input / output requests; Selecting at least one flash drive input / output management operation to perform from a group of flash drive management operations configured to redirect to a peripheral solid state storage drive; And
Determining whether the input / output request is associated with a low importance write operation, the low importance write operation being a less critical write operation than the predefined reference importance, In response to a determination that the input / output request is not associated with the low priority write operation, forwarding the input / output request to the flash drive, wherein the input / output request is associated with the high frequency write operation, Responsive to a determination that said at least one flash drive input / output management operation is not associated with a write operation, deselecting said at least one flash drive input /
Wherein the input / output request is associated with at least one of a paging file, a prefetching operation, and a search indexing operation to determine whether the input / output request is associated with the high frequency write operation &Lt; / RTI &gt;
Managing the compression of the data in the flash drive input / output management operation, comprising managing compression of data recorded as a result of the input / output request, comprising compressing data of a paging file associated with the operating system doing
Managing the compression of the data in the flash drive input / output management operation comprising managing compression of data recorded as a result of the input / output request includes compressing the data of the file associated with the prefetching operation doing
Managing the compression of the data in the flash drive input / output management operation, comprising managing compression of data recorded as a result of the input / output request, comprising compressing the data of the file associated with the search indexing operation doing
In the flash drive input / output management operation, which includes managing the compression of data recorded as a result of the input / output request, managing the compression of the data may include writing compressed data of the input / Containing
Managing the compression of the data in the flash drive input / output management operation comprising managing compression of data recorded as a result of the input / output request, writing the compressed data to the flash drive from the buffer Containing
Writing data associated with the high frequency write operation into a buffer instead of the flash drive
A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the method,
Receiving an input / output request directed to the flash drive;
Determining a characteristic of the input / output request,
Based on that said characteristic of said input / output request is associated with a high frequency write operation, said high frequency write operation being a write operation with a frequency greater than a predefined reference frequency,
Writing the data associated with the high frequency write operation to a first buffer instead of the flash drive and writing the data from the first buffer to the flash drive in response to expiration of a time delay associated with the first buffer Performing a first flash drive input / output management operation comprising:
Compressing data associated with the high frequency write operation; writing the compressed data to a second buffer instead of the flash drive; updating at least one version of the repeated and overlapping versions of the compressed data to updated compressed data And writing the updated compressed data from the second buffer to the flash drive in response to a buffer threshold associated with the second buffer being exceeded, Performing a second flash drive input / output management operation
Wherein the computer-executable instructions for performing the step of determining the nature of the input /
Executable instructions for determining whether the input / output request includes data associated with at least one of a paging file, a prefetching operation, and a search indexing operation,
Wherein at least one of the first buffer and the second buffer includes one or more buckets
Wherein the respective buckets of the one or more buckets correspond to one or more offsets
Computer-executable instructions for performing the step of writing the compressed data to a peripheral solid state storage instead of the flash drive
The input / output request is received from the operating system
Wherein the number of write operations performed on the flash drive by the operating system is reduced relative to write operations in normal operation while maintaining the integrity of data associated with the high frequency write operation
A module for reducing write operations to flash drives relative to write operations in normal operations,
A flash drive filter configured to couple with the flash drive,
Wherein the flash drive filter is configured to intercept an input / output request directed to the flash drive,
Wherein the flash drive filter comprises:
An input / output property determiner for determining characteristics of the input / output request;
Output management operation based at least in part on that the characteristic of the input / output request is associated with a high frequency write operation, the high frequency write operation being a write operation with a frequency greater than a predefined reference frequency, A flash drive input / output management selector for selecting a flash drive;
A flash drive input / output manager configured to manage performance of the flash drive input / output management operations contributing to reducing write operations to the flash drive relative to write operations in normal operation; And
A buffer manager coupled to the buffer, the buffer manager receiving the input / output request when the flash drive filter buffers the input / output request into the buffer, and storing the repeated data in the buffer, And at least one of the recording data is resolved.
A module for reducing write operations to a flash drive.
The flash drive filter includes a coupling to a compression / decompression module configured to compress selected write operations directed to the flash drive and to decompress the compressed data read from the flash drive
Wherein the flash drive input / output management selector is based at least in part on whether the input / output request is associated with a low importance write operation, wherein the low importance write operation is a less critical write operation than the predefined criteria importance And to select the flash drive input / output management operation
Wherein the buffer manager is configured to write a first version of data from the buffer to the flash drive in response to expiration of a time delay associated with the buffer
Wherein the buffer manager is configured to update a first version of data in the buffer if a second version of the data is determined to be written to the buffer
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US8495336B2 (en) 2013-07-23 Controller, data storage device, and program product
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