Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5746995?dq=5537618
Timestamp: 2016-12-09 02:04:00
Document Index: 230732835

Matched Legal Cases: ['art, 1965', 'art, 1957', 'art, 1958', 'art, 1962', 'art, 1960', 'art, 1952', 'art, 1955', 'art 1980']

Patent US5746995 - DTPA derivatives substituted in a novel way, their metal complexes, and ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe invention relates to new diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid derivatives, their complexes and complex salts, that contain an element of atomic numbers 20-32, 39-51 or 57-83, pharmaceutical agents that contain these compounds and their use as contrast media and antidotes....http://www.google.com/patents/US5746995?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5746995 - DTPA derivatives substituted in a novel way, their metal complexes, and their use in diagnosis and therapyAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5746995 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/565,025Publication dateMay 5, 1998Filing dateNov 30, 1995Priority dateNov 30, 1994Fee statusLapsedAlso published asCA2206397A1, CA2206522A1, CA2206576A1, CN1167444A, EP0794799A2, EP0794938A1, EP0794939A1, US5672335, US5853699, US5885548, WO1996016677A2, WO1996016677A3, WO1996016928A1, WO1996016929A1Publication number08565025, 565025, US 5746995 A, US 5746995A, US-A-5746995, US5746995 A, US5746995AInventorsFranz-Karl Maier, Michael Bauer, Werner Krause, Ulrich Speck, Gabriele Schuhmann-Giampieri, Andreas Muhler, Thomas Balzer, Wolf-Rudiger PressOriginal AssigneeSchering AktiengesellschaftExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (31), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (9), Classifications (45), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDTPA derivatives substituted in a novel way, their metal complexes, and their use in diagnosis and therapy
US 5746995 AAbstract
1. A compound of formula I ##STR5## wherein R1 is a radical of formula Ia ##STR6## is 0 or 1: R2 is, in each case independently of one another, H or a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated C1 -C6 hydrocarbon radical;R3 is H, a carboxyl group, or a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated C1 -C6 hydrocarbon radical; L1 is a direct bond or C1 -C4 alkylene; L2 and L3 are, in each case independently of one another, a direct bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, C1 -C10 alkylene, or C1 -C10 alkylene interrupted by one to three oxygen atoms, one to three sulfur atoms or combinations thereof, wherein two or more heteroatoms are not directly connected with one another; X1 is, in each case independently of one another, O--X2 or N(R4)R5 ; R4 and R5 are, in each case independently of one another, H, C1 -C6 alkyl or a R1 group, or R4 and R5 together, with inclusion of the common amide nitrogen atom, form a four- to eight-membered ring, optionally containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and/or 1 to 2 carbonyl or sulfonyl groups; X2 is, in each case independently of one another, H or a metal ion equivalent of an element of atomic numbers 20-32, 39-51 or 57-83; ora physiologically acceptable salt thereof with inorganic and/or organic cations. 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein X1, in each case, is a O--X2 group.
3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein one or two X1 groups are N(R4)R5.
4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein at least two X2 groups are metal ion equivalents of an element of atomic number 20-32, 39-51, or 57-83.
5. A compound according to claim 1, wherein all X2 groups are H.
6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, meglumine, glucosamine, arginine, ornithine, lysine and/or ethanolamine ions are present as physiologically compatible cations.
7. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is methoxybenzyl, ethoxybenzyl, propoxybenzyl, butoxybenzyl, pentoxybenzyl, ethoxy-ethoxybenzyl, 2-(2-ethoxy-ethoxy)ethoxybenzyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxybenzyl, ((ethoxy)ethoxy)methoxybenzyl, benzyloxybenzyl, methylbenzyl, ethylbenzyl, propylbenzyl, butylbenzyl, pentylbenzyl or benzylbenzyl.
8. A compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is:3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris-(carboxymethyl)-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-undecanedioic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof; 3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris-(carboxymethyl)-2-(benzylmethyl)-undecanedioic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof; dysprosium complex of 3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris-(carboxymethyl)-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-undecanedioic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof; or ytterbium complex of 3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris-carboxymethyl)-2-(benzylmethyl)-undecanedioic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof. 9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound contains a paramagnetic metal.
10. A compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound contains a radioactive metal.
11. A compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound contains a metal of the lanthanide series.
12. A compound according to claim 11, wherein said metal is gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, terbium or ytterbium.
13. A compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound contains bismuth, lead or hafnium.
14. A compound according to claim 9, wherein said paramagnetic metal is manganese or iron.
15. A compound according to claim 10, wherein said metal is gallium, indium or technetium.
16. A compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound contains calcium or zinc.
17. A pharmaceutical agent comprising at least one physiologically compatible compound according to claim 1, a physiologically acceptable carrier and, optionally, at least galenic additives.
18. In a method of diagnostic radiology comprising administering a diagnostic agent, the improvement wherein said agent contains at least one physiologically compatible compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is a chelate complex.
19. In a method of NMR diagnosis comprising administering a diagnostic agent, the improvement wherein said agent contains at least one physiologically compatible compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is a chelate complex containing a paramagnetic metal ion.
20. In a method of radiodiagnosis comprising administering a diagnostic agent, the improvement wherein said agent contains at least one physiologically compatible compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is a chelate complex of a radioisotope.
21. In a method of diagnostic radiology, NMR diagnosis and/or radiodiagnosis comprising administering a diagnostic agent, the improvement wherein said agent contains at least one physiologically compatible compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is a chelate complex, and imaging of the liver, gallbladder and/or bile ducts is performed.
22. A method according to claim 21, wherein diagnostic imaging of the liver, the gallbladder and/or the bile ducts is performed by computer tomography.
23. In a method of radiotherapy comprising administering a radiotherapeutic agent, the improvement wherein said agent contains at least one physiologically compatible compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is a chelate complex containing a radioisotope.
24. In a method of removing undesirable heavy metals from an organism, comprising administering an agent, the improvement wherein said agent contains at least one physiologically compatible compound according to claim 1.
25. A method according to claim 24, wherein undesirable heavy metals are removed from the liver.
26. A compound according to claim 1, wherein at least two X2 groups are metal ion equivalents of an element of atomic numbers 57-83.
27. A pharmaceutical agent according to claim 17, wherein said compound is a chelate complex present in a concentration of 1-1500 mmol/l.
28. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is 4-ethoxy or benzylmethyl.
29. A compound according to claim 11, wherein said metal is dysprosium or ytterbium.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/387,408, filed Feb. 13, 1995, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/351,086, filed Nov. 30, 1994 abandoned. U.S. application Ser. No. 08/487,094, filed Jun. 6, 1995, is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/387,408. U.S. application Ser. No.08/480,566, filed Jun. 7, 1995, is a divisional application of Serial No. 08/487,094 U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,335. The entirety of each of the above-mentioned applications is hereby incorporated by reference.
The invention relates to DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) derivatives substituted in a novel way and their metal complexes, pharmaceutical agents that contain these complexes and their use in diagnosis and therapy.
Contrast media are indispensable additives in modern diagnosis; thus many diseases could not be diagnosed without the use of contrast media. Contrast media are used in all areas of diagnosis, such as, e.g., diagnostic radiology, radiodiagnosis or ultrasound diagnosis or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI or NMR imaging).
The selection of the method preferred in each case depends, i.a., on the diagnostic problem, but is also determined by the choice of apparatus available in each case to the physician. Thus, because of the considerable technical expenditure and associated high cost, in particular magnetic resonance imaging has not yet found the wide use of other methods, such as, e.g., methods of diagnostic radiology.
Such compounds are described, e.g., in EP 0 105 752 and EP 0 015 867. But, the latter show insufficient concentration in the liver for a diagnostic X-ray imaging.
WO 93/16375 describes metal complexes, which are linked by amide bonds to iodine-substituted aromatic compounds. These compounds are intended to allow both NMR and X-ray investigations to be performed with only one administration of contrast medium. A combination of the two imaging processes is advantageous in many cases for a differentiated visualization and a reliable determination of certain diseases. These compounds are to be suitable especially for angiography. As the reprocessing of the production samples reveals, however, the compounds show insufficient concentration in the area of the liver for X-ray investigations.
An object of the invention therefore is to make available very well-tolerated and water-soluble contrast media, as well as a process for their production that is as simple as possible, which are suitable for diagnostic radiology, NMR diagnosis and radiodiagnosis or radiotherapy--especially for diagnostic radiology of the liver.
These objects are achieved by the substances, agents and methods described below.
It has been found that metal complexes of general formula I ##STR1## in which R1 stands for a radical of formula Ia
in which ##STR2## p stands for number 0 or 1, R2, independently of one another, in each case stands for a hydrogen atom or a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated C1 -C6 hydrocarbon radical,
R3 stands for a hydrogen atom or a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated C1 -C6 hydrocarbon radical or a carboxyl group,
L1 stands for a direct bond or a C1 -C4 alkylene chain,
L2 and L3, respectively independently of one another, each stand for a direct bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a C1 -C10 alkylene chain, which optionally is interrupted by one to three oxygen atoms and/or one to three sulfur atoms,
and two or more heteroatoms must not be directly bonded with one another, and
X1, independently of one another, in each case stands for a group O--X2 or N(R4)R5,
R4 and R5, independently of one another, in each case stand for a hydrogen atom, C1 -C6 alkyl, or for a group R1 or
R4 and R5 together, with inclusion of the common amide nitrogen atom, form a four- to eight-membered ring, which can in addition, optionally, contain up to two additional oxygen atoms and/or up to two carbonyl or sulfonyl groups, and
X2, independently of one another, in each case stands for a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of an element of atomic numbers 20-32, 39-51 or 57-83, as well as salts thereof with the physiologically compatible inorganic and/or organic cations, for example, for charge equalization
are very well suited for the production of contrast media for diagnostic radiology and/or NMR diagnosis and/or radiodiagnosis, preferably contrast media for diagnostic radiology, especially for diagnostic radiology of the liver, the bile ducts and the gallbladder.
Compounds of general formula I in which all occurring radicals X2 have the meaning of hydrogen atoms are referred to as complexing agents or as ligands. Compounds of general formula I, in which at least one of the contained heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur) is bound in a coordinated manner to a metal atom, are referred to as complexes.
Compounds of general formula I, in which at least two of the contained heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur) are bound in a coordinated manner to the same metal atom, are referred to as chelate complexes.
If the metal complex according to the invention is intended for the production of agents for diagnostic radiology, the central ion must be derived from an element of a higher atomic number to achieve a sufficient absorption of the x rays. It has been found that elements of atomic numbers 57-83 are especially suitable for this purpose. Quite especially suitable are complexes of the elements lanthanum, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, ytterbium, lutetium, bismuth, lead and hafnium.
If the metal complex according to the invention is intended for the production of agents for NMR diagnosis, the central ion must be paramagnetic. It has been found that for this purpose, especially the chromium(III), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), praseodymium(III), neodymium(III), samarium(III) and the ytterbium(III) ions are suitable. Especially preferred are complexes of the gadolinium(III), terbium(III), dysprosium(III), holmium(III), erbium(III) iron(III) and manganese(II) ions.
If the metal complex according to the invention is intended for the production of agents for nuclear medicine, the central ion must be radioactive. Suitable are, for example, the radioisotopes of the elements copper, cobalt, gallium, germanium, yttrium, strontium, technetium, indium, ytterbium, gadolinium, samarium, silver, gold, rhenium, bismuth and iridium. Preferred radioisotopes are gallium-67, indium-111 and technetium-99 m.
Suitable C1 -C6 hydrocarbon radicals for R2 and R3 include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, butyl, vinyl, phenyl and cyclohexyl.
The compounds according to the invention can contain, as groups of formula --C(═O)X1, carboxylates (--CO2 X2) or carboxylic acid amides (--C(═O)N(R4)R5). Radicals R4 and R5, independently of one another, can be hydrogen atoms or radicals of formula R1. Suitable are, for example, compounds in which one or two carboxylic acid groups that are present in the molecule are present as alkylamides (for example, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- or butylamides). Also suitable are compounds in which one or two carboxylic acid groups that are present in the molecule are present as benzylamides or their derivatives, for example, methoxybenzylamide, ethoxybenzylamide, propoxybenzylamide, butoxybenzylamide, benzyloxybenzylamide, methylbenzylamide, ethylbenzylamide, propylbenzylamide, butylbenzylamide or benzylbenzylamide.
Radicals R4 and R5 can also together form, for example, a C3 -C7 alkylene chain which together with inclusion of the amide nitrogen atom, forms a four- to eight-membered ring, which can contain zero to two additional oxygen atoms and/or zero to two additional carbonyl or sulfonyl groups. If R4 and R5 together stand for a ring system, the morpholine ring or the S,S-dioxothiomorpholine ring are preferred.
As radicals R1 of general formula I, lipophilic radicals that are described by Formula Ia are used. Particularly, those radicals that contain aromatic groups or are interrupted by aromatic groups exhibit advantageous properties. Radicals R1 can also contain heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, in which two heteroatoms are not connected with one another. In particular, substituted benzyl radicals can be used as radical R1, such as, for example, methoxybenzyl, ethoxybenzyl, propoxybenzyl, butoxybenzyl, pentoxybenzyl, benzyloxybenzyl, methylbenzyl, ethylbenzyl, propylbenzyl, butylbenzyl, pentylbenzyl and benzylbenzyl radicals. Especially suitable is the butylbenzyl radical. Radicals R1 can also contain several heteroatoms, such as, for example, (ethoxy)ethoxybenzyl, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-ethoxybenzyl, 2-(methoxy)ethoxybenzyl and ((ethoxy)ethoxy)methoxybenzyl radicals; preferred is the ethoxybenzyl radical. The benzyl radicals can be substituted in 2-, 3- or 4-position, i.e., in ortho, meta or para position. Substituents in ortho and para position are preferred in this case, quite especially preferred are radicals in para position.
It is often the case that the complexing agent exhibits more acid functions than the complexed metal has positive elementary charges. Thus, for example, the 3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris-(carboxymethyl)-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-undecanedioic acid described in Example 1 has five acid groups, while the dysprosium is present in dysprosium oxide (Dy2 O3) in oxidation stage +III. In the case of complexing, thus only three of the five protons of the acid are neutralized. A complex which contains two protons that can be dissociated, an acid complex, is thus formed. In aqueous solution, two protons and one dianion --formed from the metal and the complexing agent--are thus present. For many purposes, it is advantageous to exchange the protons for other physiologically compatible cations (neutralization), so that a salt is formed. As physiologically compatible cations, sodium+, calcium2+, magnesium2+ and zinc2+ as well as cations of organic bases, such as meglumine, glucosamine, arginine, ornithine, lysine and ethanolamine, can be mentioned as examples.
Production of the complexes according to the invention can take place, for example, in the way disclosed in patent specifications EP 71564, EP 130934 and DE-OS 3401052, by a metal oxide or a metal salt (for example, a chloride, nitrate, acetate, carbonate or sulfate) of the element of atomic numbers 20-32, 39-51 or 57-83 being dissolved or suspended in water and/or another polar solvent (such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or N,N-dimethylformamide) and reacted with a solution or suspension of the equivalent amount of a complexing agent of general formula II ##STR3## in which R1 has the above-mentioned meanings,
X1b, independently of one another, in each case stands for a group HO or N(R4)R5, with R4 and R5 having the above-mentioned meanings, and then, if desired, existing acid hydrogen atoms of acid groups can be substituted by cations of inorganic and/or organic bases or amino acids.
In this case, the neutralization takes place with the help of inorganic bases (e.g., hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates) of, e.g., sodium, calcium or lithium and/or organic bases, such as, i.a., primary, secondary and tertiary amines, such as, e.g., ethanolamine, glucamine, N-methylglucamine and N,N-dimethylglucamine, as well as basic amino acids, such as, e.g., lysine, arginine and ornithine.
For the production of neutral complex salts, enough of the desired bases can be added, for example, to the acid complex salts in aqueous solution or suspension so that the neutral point is reached. The obtained solution can then be evaporated to dryness in a vacuum. Often, it is advantageous to precipitate the formed neutral salts by the addition of water-miscible solvents, such as, e.g., lower alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc.), lower ketones (acetone, etc.), polar ethers (tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.) and thus to obtain easily isolated and readily purified crystallizates. It has proven especially advantageous to add the desired base as early as during the complexing of the reaction mixture and thus to save a process step.
This can happen, for example, by reacting the complexing agents in aqueous suspension or solution with the oxide or salt of the desired element and half of the amount of an organic base required for neutralization. The formed complex salt can then be isolated, optionally purified and then mixed with the required amount of inorganic base for complete neutralization. The sequence of the addition of bases can also be reversed.
Another possibility to arrive at neutral complex compounds involves converting the remaining acid groups, as described, e.g., in EP 0450742, completely or partially to amides.
If the agents according to the invention are to contain radioisotopes, the production of the complexes from the complexing agents can take place according to the methods described in "Radiotracers for Medical Applications,"Vol. I, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
Production of the compounds of general formula I generally takes place by cleavage of the acid protective groups of compounds of general formula III ##STR4## in which R1 has the above-mentioned meanings,
X1c, independently of one another, in each case stands for a group ZO or N(R4)R5, with R4 and R5 having the above-mentioned meanings, in which Z has the meaning of an acid protective group.
The acid protective groups and process for their cleavage are well known to one skilled in the art or can be found in relevant literature (e.g.: Protective Groups in Organic Syntheses, Second Edition, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1991).
Possibilities for the production of the compounds of general formula III are known to one skilled in the art. Actual embodiments of production processes are described in the examples. One skilled in this field has extensive technical knowledge as to how these processes can be modified to be able to obtain the compounds desired in each case.
Additional information about reaction processes and reaction conditions is published in the following publications:
Synthesis of ethers, in particular phenolic ethers:
Houben-Weyl, Band VI/3, Teil A, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1965
Synthesis of amines and amino acid derivatives:
Houben-Weyl, Band XI/1, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1957, Houben-Weyl, Band XI/2, George Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1958
Synthesis of Alkyl halides:
Houben-Weyl, Band V/3, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1962, Houben-Weyl, Band V/4, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1960
Synthesis of carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof:
Houben-Weyl, Band VIII, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1952
Synthesis of sulfonic acid derivatives:
Houben-Weyl, Band IX, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1955
C. F. Lane, Synthesis 135 (1975)
Synthesis of DTPA derivatives:
M. A. Williams, H. Rapoport, J. Org. Chem., 58, 1151 (1993)
Another object of the invention are agents, which contain at least one of the compounds according to the invention as well as a process for the production of these agents, which is characterized in that the chelate complex is dissolved in water and put into a form that is suitable for enteral or parenteral administration with the additives and stabilizers usual in galenicals, so that the chelate complex is present in a concentration of preferably about 1 to 1500 mmol/l, especially in a concentration of about 10 to 1000 mmol/l. Often, it is advantageous if the pharmaceutical agent contains a small excess (about 0.1 to 10 mol % relative to the diagnostically effective metal complex) of complexing agents. In a like manner, it can be advantageous for the pharmaceutical agent to contain small additions (about 0.1 to 10 mol % relative to the diagnostically effective metal complex) of metal complexes of weakly bound metals. In particular, sodium, calcium, magnesium and zinc complexes are suitable as additives in this regard. They can be used in the form of complexes with the complexing agents according to the invention, but also in the form of metal complexes with other complexing agents, such as DTPA, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), TTHA (triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid) and derivatives of the latter. The resulting agents are then optionally sterilized. They are administered generally in a dose of about 1 to 300 ml on the basis of the diagnostic problem.
Suitable additives are, for example, physiologically harmless buffers (such as, e.g., tromethamine), small additions of complexing agents (such as, e.g., diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) or, if necessary, electrolytes, such as, e.g., sodium chloride or, if necessary, antioxidants, such as, e.g., ascorbic acid.
If suspensions or solutions of the agents according to the invention in water or physiological salt solution are desired for enteral administration or other purposes, they are mixed with one or more adjuvants usual in galenicals (e.g., methyl cellulose, lactose, mannitol), and/or surfactants (e.g., lecithins, Tweens®, Myrj®) and/or flavoring substances for taste correction (e.g., ethereal oils).
a high absorption coefficient for X-rays,
a high relaxivity,
a good water solubility (this allows for the production of highly-concentrated solutions, as needed especially for use as X-ray contrast media. Thus, the volume load of the circulatory system is kept within reasonable limits),
advantageous excretion kinetics.
In addition to the high water solubility, which, surprisingly, was able to be increased to a range suitable for diagnostic radiology, the complex compounds according to the invention have a positive effect in diagnostic radiology in that they surprisingly permit investigations with shorter-wave X-ray radiation than that which is possible with conventional contrast media, by which the radiation exposure of the patient is clearly reduced, since, as is generally known, soft radiation of tissue is much more greatly absorbed than hard (R. Felix, Das Rontgenbild The X-Ray Image!; Thieme Stuttgart 1980).
For use in diagnostic radiology, the complexes of the following metals according to the invention are especially suitable: gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, ytterbium, lutetium, bismuth, lead and hafnium.
It is further to be emphasized that the compounds according to the invention are distinguished by an improved heart/circulatory system compatibility in comparison with other complex compounds.
The surprisingly advantageous in vivo distribution behavior of the agents according to the invention is especially to be emphasized. This permits, for the first time, with a low dose for X-ray contrast media (about 0.1-1 mmol/kg of body weight), the production of X-ray pictures of high diagnostic informative value in the area of the liver, as well as of the bile ducts and the gallbladder, particularly in the case of use in computer tomography.
In addition to use in diagnostic radiology, the agents according to the invention, which contain in the complex a paramagnetic metal ion can also be used in NMR diagnosis. This dual nature opens up further fields of use. Thus, these agents according to the invention can be used advantageously if a combination of diagnostic radiology and NMR diagnosis is necessary for differentiated visualization and reliable determination of certain diseases. This is true, e.g., in the case of suspicion of recurrence after tumor operations or radiation therapy. In these cases, the patient is spared an additional load by double administration by using a contrast medium which is equally suitable for both techniques.
The complexing agents and their complexes according to the invention with weakly bound metals, (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ and Zn2+) are, moreover, suitable to remove heavy metals from the body, for example, after a heavy metal poisoning. In particular, a detoxification of the liver is possible by the extrarenal excretion of the complexing agents and complexes according to the invention. The use of the compounds according to the invention for the production of agents for treating heavy metal poisonings, especially for treating heavy metal poisonings of the liver, are therefore also an object of the invention.
The following examples are used for a more detailed explanation of the objects of the invention without intending to be limiting.
Dysprosium complex of the disodium salt of 3,6,9-triaza3,6,9-tris-(carboxymethyl)-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-undecanedioic acid
a) N-Benzyl-tyrosine-tert-butyl ester
16.9 g (71.5 mmol) of tyrosine-tert-butyl ester and 8.33 g (78.6 mmol) of benzaldehyde are stirred in 50 ml of methanol for 3 hours at 24° C. and then mixed with 3.37 g (53.6 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride. After 24 hours of stirring at room temperature, the batch is adjusted to pH 2 by careful addition of semiconcentrated hydrochloric acid, then neutralized with concentrated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and, after substantial evaporation of methanol, it is shaken out with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dried on anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel with diethyl ether/hexane/triethylamine; the product-containing fractions are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 15.7 g (67% of theory) of colorless oil.
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 73.37 H 7.70 N 4.28 O 14.66 Fnd: C 73.25 H 7.84 N 4.16
b) N-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-azaglutaric acid-di-tert-butyl ester
15.1 g (46.1 mmol) of N-benzyl-tyrosine-tert-butyl ester (Example a) is dissolved in 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran and mixed with 5 ml of water and 9.54 9 (69 mmol) of potassium carbonate. After instillation of 9.89 g (51 mmol) of bromoacetic acid-tert-butyl ester, it is stirred for two days at 65° C. After cooling, it is filtered, concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel with diethyl ether/hexane/triethylamine. The product fractions are concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum and dried.
Yield: 14.9 g (73.3% of theory) of colorless oil.
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 74.33 H 8.22 N 3.94 O 13.50 Fnd: C 74.27 H 8.26 N 3.74
c) N-Benzyl-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-3-azaglutaric acid-di-tert-butyl ester
13.2 g (30 mmol) of N-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-azaglutaric acid-di-tert-butyl ester (Example b) is dissolved in 50 ml of anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide and mixed at 0° C. under argon with 1.31 g (33 mmol) of sodium hydride dispersion (60% in mineral oil). The batch is allowed to stir for 15 minutes, then 8.05 g (51.7 mmol) of ethyl iodide is added, the reaction temperature is allowed to increase to room temperature and it is stirred for another three hours. For working-up, the batch is taken up in toluene and shaken out several times against aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase is separated, dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation. The oily residue is chromatographed for purification on silica gel with hexane/diethyl ether/triethylamine. The product fractions are concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum and dried.
Yield: 12.7 g (90.3% of theory) of colorless oil.
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 71.61 H 8.37 N 2.98 O 17.03 Fnd: C 71.72 H 8.43 N 2.87
d) 2-(4-Ethoxybenzyl)-3-azaglutaric acid-di-tert-butyl ester
14.2 g (30.2 mmol) of the compound produced according to Example c) is dissolved in 75 ml of ethanol and, after the addition of 1.4 g of palladium (10%) on activated carbon under hydrogen atmosphere, it is hydrogenated at room temperature until hydrogen absorption is completed. After filtration and concentration by evaporation of the filtrate in a vacuum, a colorless oil is obtained.
Yield: 11.3 g (98.6% of theory)
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 66.46 H 8.77 N 3.69 O 21.08 Fnd: C 66.44 H 8.63 N 3.57
e) 3,6-Diaza-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-octanedioic acid-di-tert-butyl ester
20.8 g (200 mmol) of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine is reacted with 128.55 g (660 mmol) of bromoacetic acid-tert-butyl ester and 124.4 g (900 mmol) of potassium carbonate in tetrahydrofuran/water analogously to Example b). After chromatographic purification, the title compound is obtained as colorless oil.
Yield: 82.7 g (92.6% of theory)
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 59.17 H 9.48 N 6.27 O 25.08 Fnd: C 59.24 H 9.60 N 6.13
f) 3,6-Diaza-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-(2-bromoethyl)-octanedioic acid-di-tert-butyl ester
A solution of 33.8 g (75.8 mmol) of the compound described in Example e) and 22.9 g (87.1 mmol) of triphenylphosphine in 400 ml of dichloromethane is mixed at 0° C. in portions with 15.5 g (87.1 mmol) of N-bromosuccinimide and then stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. The solution is concentrated by evaporation and the residue is adsorptively precipitated with tert-butyl methyl ether. A precipitate develops, which is separated and washed with tert-butyl methyl ether. The combined filtrates are concentrated by evaporation and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel with hexane/diethyl ether. The concentration by evaporation of the product fractions produces a colorless oil.
Yield: 31.3 g (81.0% of theory)
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 51.87 H 8.11 Br 15.68 N 5.50 O 18.84 Fnd: C 51.69 H 8.20 Br 15.51 N 5.43
g) 3,6,9-Triaza-3,6,9-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-undecanedioic acid-di-tert-butyl ester
7.59 g (20 mmol) of the compound produced according to Example d) and 11.2 g (22 mmol) of 3,6-diaza-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-(2-bromoethyl)-octanedioic acid-di-tert-butyl ester (Example f) are introduced into 45 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with 25 ml of 2N phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.0). The batch is stirred vigorously at room temperature for 22 hours, and the aqueous phosphate buffer phase is exchanged after 2 and 7 hours for fresh buffer solution. Then, the organic phase is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel with hexane/ethyl acetate/triethylamine. The product-containing fractions are concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 13.3 g (82.3% of theory) of colorless oil.
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 63.92 H 9.11 N 5.20 O 21.78 Fnd: C 64.07 H 9.20 N 5.08
h) 3,6,9-Triaza-3,6,9-tris-(carboxymethyl)-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-undecanedioic acid
12.6 g (15.6 mmol) of the pentaester described in Example g) is dissolved in 50 ml of methanol and mixed with 40 ml of 2 N sodium hydroxide solution. It is refluxed for three hours, the methanol is drawn off in a vacuum and stirred for another two hours at 60° C. Then, it is adjusted to pH 1 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, evaporated to dryness in a vacuum and the residue is adsorptively precipitated with isopropanol. After filtration and concentration by evaporation of the filtrate in a vacuum, a colorless solid is obtained.
Yield: 7.5 g (91.1% of theory)
Analysis (relative to anhydrous substance): Cld: C 52.37 H 6.31 N 7.97 O 33.36 Fnd: c 52.24 H 6.45 N 7.81
i) Dysprosium complex of disodium salt of 3,6,9-triaza3,6,9-tris-(carboxymethyl)-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-undecanedioic acid
6.9 g (13 mmol) of the penta acid described in Example h) is taken up in 30 ml of water, mixed with 2.42 g (6.5 mmol) of dysprosium oxide and stirred for eight hours at 85° C. Then, it is adjusted to pH 7.2 with diluted sodium hydroxide solution, filtered and the filtrate is freeze-dried.
Yield: 8.45 g (88.9% of theory) of colorless lyophilizate.
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 37.79 H 3.86 Dy 22.23 N 5.75 Na 6.29 O 24.08 Fnd: C 37.64 H 3.97 Dy 22.12 N 5.62 Na 6.04
Ytterbium complex of the disodium salt of 3,6,9-triaza3,6,9-tris-(carboxymethyl)-2-(benzylmethyl)-undecanedioic acid
a) 3,6,9-Triaza-2-(benzylmethyl)-nonanoic acid benzyl ester
13.4 g (50.0 mmol) of 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid benzyl ester and 31.0 g (300 mmol) of diethylenetriamine are stirred in 200 ml of methanol for two hours at room temperature. Then, 0.95 g (25.0 mmol) of sodium borohydride is added in portions at 0° C. It is allowed to stir overnight, and the reaction mixture is gently concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. The residue is dispersed between dichloromethane and water, the organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel with use of dichloromethane/methanol/triethylamine (70:30:1) as mobile solvent. The fractions that contain the pure product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 13.5 g (75.9% of theory) of pale yellow oil.
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 70.96 H 8.22 N 11.82 O 9.00 Fnd: C 70.88 H 8.41 N 12.04
b) 3,6,9-Triaza-3,6,9-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-(benzylmethyl)-undecanedioic acid-di-tert-butyl ester
6.91 g (50.0 mmol) of potassium carbonate is dissolved in 7 ml of water and mixed at 35° C. with 3.55 g (10.0 mmol) of triamine from Example a) in 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran. 9.75 g (50.0 mmol) of bromoacetic acid-tert-butyl ester is added drop by drop and the batch is stirred for three hours at 60° C. After 15 hours of stirring at room temperature, the reaction mixture is mixed with a little water and shaken out with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, concentrated by evaporation, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl acetate/acetone). After the concentration by evaporation of the product-containing fractions, the pentaester is obtained as colorless oil.
Yield: 6.64 g (81.8% of theory)
Analysis (relative to solventless substance): Cld: C 66.56 H 8.56 N 5.18 O 19.70 Fnd: C 66.79 H 8.32 N 4.93
c) Ytterbium complex of the disodium salt of 3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris-(carboxymethyl)-2-(benzylmethyl)-undecanedioic acid
15.6 g (19.2 mmol) of pentaester (from 3 batches corresponding to Example b)) is dissolved in 80 ml of methanol and reacted with 76.8 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide solution. It is stirred for five hours at 55° C., then the methanol is evaporated, water is added and it is evaporated again. It is taken up in water and adjusted to pH 1.9 with acid ion exchanger. After the exchanger is filtered out, the aqueous solution is mixed with 3.79 g (9.61 mmol) of ytterbium oxide and stirred at 95° C. After the complexing is completed, it is filtered, adjusted to pH 7.2, stirred with 0.2 g of activated carbon for ten minutes at 90° C., filtered again and the filtrate is freeze-dried.
Yield: 12.8 g (93.8% of theory) of colorless lyophilizate.
Analysis (relative to anhydrous substance): Cld: C 37.14 H 4.28 N 5.58 O 23.35 Yb 20.86 Na 6.10 Fnd: C 37.22 H 4.40 N 5.62 Yb 20.75 Na 6.03
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