Source: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2003/06/06/03-14337/special-conditions-bombardier-model-bd-100-1a10-airplane-automatic-takeoff-thrust-control-system
Timestamp: 2017-09-19 14:21:12
Document Index: 764277856

Matched Legal Cases: ['§\u200925', 'art 25', '§\u200921', 'art 25', 'art 25', '§\u200921', 'art 25', 'art 34', 'art 36', 'art 25', '§\u200921', '§\u200921', '§\u200921', '§\u200925', 'art 25', '§\u200925', 'art 25', '§\u200925', '§\u200925', '§\u200925', '§\u200925', '§\u200921', '§\u200925']

Federal Register :: Special Conditions: Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 Airplane; Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System
Special Conditions: Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 Airplane; Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System
The effective date of these special conditions is May 28, 2003.
68 FR 33836
33836-33840 (5 pages)
Docket No. NM255
Special Conditions No. 25-03-04-SC
03-14337
https://www.federalregister.gov/d/03-14337 https://www.federalregister.gov/d/03-14337
These special conditions are issued for the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane. This airplane will have a novel or unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the airworthiness standards for transport category airplanes. This design feature is associated with an Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System (ATTCS). The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for approach climb performance using an ATTCS. These special conditions contain the additional safety standards the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.
Comments on this proposal may be mailed in duplicate to: Federal Aviation Administration, Transport Airplane Directorate, Attention: Rules Docket (ANM-113), Docket No. NM255, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98055-4056; or delivered in duplicate to the Transport Airplane Directorate at that address. You must mark your comments: Docket No. NM255. Comments may be inspected in the Rules Docket at that address on weekdays, except Federal holidays, between 7:30 a.m. and 4 p.m.
Larry Reising, FAA, Propulsion/ Mechanical Systems Branch, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Office, ANM-112, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington, telephone (425) 227-2683; fax (425) 227-2683.
The FAA has determined that notice and opportunity for prior public comment hereon are impracticable, because those procedures would significantly delay issuance of the approval design and thus delivery of the affected aircraft. In addition, the substance of these special conditions has been subject to the public comment process in several prior instances with no substantive comments received. The FAA, therefore, finds that good cause exists for making these special conditions effective upon issuance.
However, the FAA invites interested persons to participate in this rulemaking by submitting written comments, data, and views. The most helpful comments reference a specific portion of the special conditions, explain the reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data. We ask that you send us two copies of written comments.
We will file in the docket all comments we receive as well as a report summarizing each substantive public contact with the FAA personnel concerning these proposed special conditions. The docket is available for public inspection before and after the comment closing date. If you wish to review the docket in person, go to the address in the ADDRESSES section of this notice between 7:30 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
We will consider all comments we receive on or before the closing date for comments. We will consider comments filed late if it is possible to do so without incurring expense or delay. We may change the special conditions based on the comments we receive.
On March 26, 1999, Bombardier Aerospace submitted an application to Start Printed Page 33837Transport Canada for type certification of the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10. On June 28, 1999, Transport Canada made application on behalf of Bombardier for type certification of the Model BD-100-1A10 by the FAA. The Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 will be type certificated in Canada and in the United States. The Model BD-100-1A10 is a medium-sized transport category airplane, powered by two Allied Signal high bypass turbofan engines mounted on the aft fuselage. Each engine can deliver up to 6,500 pounds of thrust at takeoff. The airplane will be capable of operating with two flight crewmembers and up to 16 passengers.
The Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane will incorporate an unusual design feature to show compliance with the approach climb requirements of § 25.121(d) (“Climb: One-engine-inoperative”). This design feature is the Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System (ATTCS). Appendix I to Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), part 25, limits the application of performance credit for ATTCS to takeoff. Since the airworthiness regulations do not contain appropriate safety standards for approach climb performance using ATTCS, special conditions are required to ensure a level of safety equivalent to that established in the regulations.
Under the provisions of § 21.17, Bombardier must show that Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 meets the applicable provisions of 14 CFR part 25, effective February 1, 1965, including amendments 25-1 through 25-98.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness regulations (i.e., part 25, as amended) do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane because of novel or unusual design features, special conditions are prescribed under the provisions of § 21.16.
The certification basis also may include later amendments to part 25 that are not relevant to these special conditions. In addition, the certification basis for the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane includes the following:
14 CFR part 34, effective September 10, 1990, including amendment 34, effective February 3, 1999, and
14 CFR part 36, effective December 1, 1969, including amendments 36-1 through 36-23 or through 36-24, as elected by the applicant.
These special conditions form an additional part of the type certification basis. The certification basis also may include other special conditions that are not relevant to these specific special conditions.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness regulations (in this case, part 25) do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for the Bombardier Model because of a novel or unusual design feature, the FAA may prescribe special conditions under the provisions of § 21.16 (“Special conditions”). The special conditions become part of the type certification basis in accordance with § 21.101(b)(2) (“Designation of applicable regulations”).
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended later to include any other model that incorporates the same novel or unusual design feature or should any other model already included on the same type certificate be modified to incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature, the special conditions would also apply to the other model under the provisions of § 21.101(a)(1).
As stated previously, the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane will incorporate an unusual design feature—ATTCS—to show compliance with the approach climb requirements of § 25.121(d). This airplane is powered by two Allied Signal turbofan engines mounted on the aft fuselage and equipped with Full Authority Digital Engine Controls (FADEC) that, in part, protect against exceeding engine limits.
The airplane also incorporates a non-moving throttle system that functions by placing the throttle levers in detents for the takeoff and climb phases of flight or for a go-around; this throttle system allows the FADEC to schedule the power setting, based on the phase of flight. With the ATTCS and associated systems functioning as designed, all applicable requirements of part 25 will be met without requiring any action by the flight crew to increase power.
Automatic takeoff power control on the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane involves uptrimming the operating engine to maximum takeoff power. This action will be controlled by the FADEC. At takeoff, when the power levers are set to the Takeoff Go-Around (TOGA) detent, if there are no FADEC fault or failure messages displayed, the system is armed, and ATTCS uptrim will occur without any further action by the crew if an engine fails. During a go-around, the uptrim is automatically armed.
For a go-around, the thrust levers are placed in the TOGA detent. The value of TOGA for the current ambient conditions will be calculated and set by the FADEC. If an engine fails, the ATTCS will change the power reference on the operating engine to achieve the maximum go-around power for the ambient conditions. The propulsive thrust used to determine compliance with the approach climb requirements of § 25.121(d) is limited to the lesser of (i) the thrust provided by the ATTCS system, and (ii) 111 percent of the thrust resulting from the initial thrust setting with the ATTCS system failing to perform its uptrim function and without action by the crew to reset thrust. This requirement serves to limit the performance effects of an ATTCS system failure and ensures that all-engines-operating go-around performance is not significantly degraded.
The engine operating limits (turbine temperature and N1) for TOGA are set and displayed to the pilot when that rating is selected. These limits are set in such a way that the engine redline limits are not exceeded when an ATTCS is engaged. When the maximum takeoff power rating is selected or triggered, the engine limits are reset automatically to reflect the uptrimmed engine redline limits.
The system is armed during all phases of the flight. The power levers will continue to function normally if the ATTCS should fail. Maximum takeoff/go-around power is available if the pilot elects to push the power levers past the takeoff/go-around power detent into the overtravel range.
Operations of all systems and equipment will be designed to function within the engine power range. Thrust increase from the initial to the maximum approved takeoff/go-around power level will be free of hazardous engine response characteristics.
The ATTCS function, as described above, is part of the powerplant control system. The ATTCS is always armed whenever power levers are above the idle detent. The system is verified before each flight via the FADEC built-in test feature. When the ATTCS is triggered following an engine failure, an “APR” message will appear on the engine display.
The FADEC installed on the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane will ensure that inherent flight characteristics of the airplane do provide adequate warning, if an engine failure occurs during takeoff. The natural yawing tendency of the airplane, coupled with flashing master warning and master caution lights, will provide Start Printed Page 33838the pilot with a clear indication of any engine failure during takeoff.
The part 25 standards for ATTCS, contained in § 25.904 (Automatic takeoff thrust control system (ATTCS)”) and Appendix I, specifically restrict performance credit for ATTCS to takeoff. Expanding the scope of the standards to include other phases of flight, such as go-around, was considered at the time the standards were issued, but flight crew workload issues precluded further consideration. As stated in the preamble to amendment 25-62:
In regard to ATTCS credit for approach climb and go-around maneuvers, current regulations preclude a higher thrust for the approach climb [§ 25.121(d)] than for the landing climb (§ 25.119). The workload required for the flightcrew to monitor and select from multiple in-flight thrust settings in the event of an engine failure during a critical point in the approach, landing, or go-around operations is excessive. Therefore, the FAA does not agree that the scope of the amendment should be changed to include the use of ATTCS for anything except the takeoff phase.” (Refer to 52 FR 43153, November 9, 1987.)
The ATTCS incorporated on the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane allows the pilot to use the same power setting procedure during a go-around, regardless of whether or not an engine fails. In either case, the pilot obtains go-around power by moving the throttles into the forward (takeoff/go-around) throttle detent. Since the ATTCS is permanently armed, it will function automatically following an engine failure, and advance the remaining engine to the ATTCS thrust level. Therefore, this design adequately addresses the pilot workload concerns identified in the preamble to amendment 25-62.
Accordingly, these special conditions will require a showing of compliance with those provisions of § 25.904 and Appendix I that are applicable to the approach climb and go-around maneuvers.
As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane. Should Bombardier apply later for a change to the type certificate to include another model incorporating the same novel or unusual design feature, these special conditions would apply to that model as well under the provisions of § 21.101(a)(1), Amendment 21-69, effective September 16, 1991.
This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features on the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane. It is not a rule of general applicability and affects only the applicant that applied to the FAA for approval of these features on the airplane.
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of the type certification basis for the Bombardier Model BD-100-1A10 airplane.
a. Performance and System Reliability Requirements.
(1) The probability analysis must include consideration of ATTCS failure occurring after the time at which the flightcrew last verifies that the ATTCS is in a condition to operate until the beginning of the critical time interval.
(2) The propulsive thrust obtained from the operating engine after failure of the critical engine during a go-around used to show compliance with the one-engine-inoperative climb requirements of § 25.12(d) may not be greater than the lesser of:
(i) The actual propulsive thrust resulting from the initial setting of power or thrust controls with the ATTCS system functioning; or
(ii) 111 percent of the propulsive thrust resulting from the initial setting of power or thrust controls with the ATTCS system failing to reset thrust or power and without any action by the crew to reset thrust or power.
(i) That required to permit normal operation of all safety-related systems and equipment dependent upon engine thrust or power lever position; and
(1) Apply thrust or power on the operating engine(s), following any one engine failure during takeoff or go-around, to achieve the maximum Start Printed Page 33839approved takeoff thrust or power without exceeding engine operating limits; and
[FR Doc. 03-14337 Filed 6-5-03; 8:45 am]