Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US4337303?dq=7,013,345/
Timestamp: 2015-04-01 17:58:21
Document Index: 131194522

Matched Legal Cases: ['art)                         30', 'art)                         80', 'art)12', 'art)                         75', 'art)                         40', 'art)                         50']

Patent US4337303 - Transfer, encapsulating, and fixing of toner images - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method of transferring, encapsulating, and fixing dried liquid toner images in electrography is provided. Stable, abrasion-resistant articles exhibiting continuous tone and transmission optical densities within the range of 0 to 4.0 are disclosed....http://www.google.com/patents/US4337303?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4337303 - Transfer, encapsulating, and fixing of toner imagesAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4337303 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/177,259Publication dateJun 29, 1982Filing dateAug 11, 1980Priority dateAug 11, 1980Also published asCA1163491A1, DE3172718D1, EP0046026A2, EP0046026A3, EP0046026B1Publication number06177259, 177259, US 4337303 A, US 4337303A, US-A-4337303, US4337303 A, US4337303AInventorsMelville R. V. Sahyun, Tsung-I Chen, Timothy W. King, Valdis Mikelsons, Smarajit MitraOriginal AssigneeMinnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (27), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (38), Classifications (24), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetTransfer, encapsulating, and fixing of toner images
US 4337303 AAbstract
1. A method of electrography comprising the steps of:(a) providing a substrate carrying a liquid toner image on at least one surface thereof, (b) removing up to 100% of the liquid dispersant from said liquid toner image so that the toner material is converted to a dried toner image composition of submicron size particles comprising at least 50% by weight solids, (c) bringing said dried toner image into contact with a soft or softenable receptor coating in the range of 3 to 100 microns thick on a substrate, applying pressure so that said dried toner image undergoes linear transfer and becomes encapsulated as a homogeneous continuum of particles within the soft or resulting softened receptor coating with at least 75% of the transferred particles not protruding from the surface, the material comprising said soft or softened receptor coating having a Newtonian complex dynamic melt viscosity of less than about 1.7�0.2�103 poise and a loss tangent greater than 10 at the temperature of transfer, and (d) hardening the receptor coating. 2. A method of claim 1 wherein said toner image is an electroradiographic image.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the temperature of transfer is between 20� and 130� C.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the temperature of transfer is between 20� and 70� C.
In the preferred embodiment, an electrostatic charge pattern representative of an electrophotographic or of a radiographic image is established on a suitable electrostatic charge retaining medium. The charge retaining layer may be a photo- or radioconductor, an insulating overlayer on the photo- or radioconductor, or an insulating layer onto which a charge image is transferred or directly sprayed. The liquid toner developed image is formed by development of an electrostatic charge pattern with a finely divided solid charged or polarizable pigment material which is dispersed in a suitable high resistivity organic liquid (e.g., a mixture of medium molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons, Isopar�G, Exxon Corp.). The liquid dispersant portion of the liquid toner image is then removed (e.g., by evaporation) leaving a dried toner image representative of the electrostatic charge image. Where the liquid toner developed image is formed by development of a magnetic pattern, finely divided opaque magnetic or magnetizable pigment material is dispersed in a suitable liquid (e.g., water or hydrocarbons).
Pressure is then utilized to transfer the dried liquid toner image to a preferably transparent substrate bearing a transparent receptor coating which has a Newtonian complex dynamic melt viscosity (i.e., the dynamic melt viscosity is shear rate independent) of less than about 1.7�0.2�103 poise and a loss tangent greater than 10 at the temperature of transfer. As a result of this transfer step, the toner image is encapsulated in depth into the receptor coating. The encapsulated toner image is then fixed into place within the receptor coating by returning it to room temperature and/or by application of curing radiation. Stable, abrasion-resistant images having continuous tone and capable of maximum transmission optical densities in the range of 1.2 to 4.0 are produced. By "encapsulation" as used herein it is meant that at least 75%, and preferably at least 90%, of the particles transferred do not protrude out of the surface of the polymeric receptor coating.
(c) bringing said dried toner image into contact with a soft or softenable receptor coating on a substrate, applying pressure and, optionally, heat so that said dried toner image undergoes linear transfer and becomes encapsulated within the soft or resulting softened receptor coating, the material comprising said soft or softened receptor coating having a Newtonian complex dynamic melt viscosity of less than about 1.7�0.2�103 poise and a loss tangent greater than 10, measured as described below, at the temperature of transfer, and
In addition to their appearance, transferred images produced by the encapsulation and fixing of the present invention may be distinguished from adhesively transferred images of the prior art by other experimental means. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with magnifications of from 1000� to 30,000�, has proved especially useful in defining the limiting cases of the transfer mechanism. It can be shown that with pure encapsulation transfer, the individual toner particles of substantially submicron size retain their integrity and are not subjected to gross deformation. This technique provides a clear cut distinction between encapsulation transfer and adhesion transfer. The SEM allows determination of the distribution of the toner material in depth in the receptor coating as well as its morphology. With adhesive transfer the transferred toner can be found, regardless of optical density, within a depth of about 1-1.5 microns of the first surface of the receptor layer 12, with a substantial portion of deformed particles on the surface, using a toner having a mean particle diameter of approximately 0.4 micron. On the other hand, with encapsulation transfer, toner particles may be found as a homogeneous continuum of particles extending as deep as 3 to 4 microns for toner of the same particle diameter, i.e., ca eight particle-diameters. Essentially no toner particles protrude through the surface of the coating as evidenced by scanning electronmicrographs. SEM evaluation of samples also showed that for receptor coating thicknesses greater than approximately 10 microns, the encapsulation transfer of deposits of the 0.4 micron mean diameter toner was independent of coating thickness.
Data were recorded at the lowest temperature at which transfer could be effected reproducibly, Ttrans, in order to obtain threshold parameters since, with most materials, tan δ tends to increase with temperature while complex dynamic viscosity, η*, tends to decrease. The data are given in Table I, wherein the confidence limits on η* correspond to the �5� C. uncertainty in Ttrans. Note that a given receptor material may behave as both an adhesion receptor and as an encapsulation receptor, with different values of Ttrans characteristic of each mechanism, however. Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that under the conditions of measurement, tan δ>10 is a threshold for transfer by encapsulation. It also appears from the rheological evaluation data of TABLE I as presented in FIG. 6, that for materials which permit transfer by encapsulation, temperatures at or above that where η* is approximately 1.7�0.2�103 poise are required. Receptor coatings coming within the scope of this invention have a Newtonian complex dynamic melt viscosity of less than about 1.7�0.2�103 poise and a loss tangent greater than 10, measured as described above, at the temperature of transfer.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Rheological Evaluation of Transfer MaterialsSampleNo  Formulation               Ttrans (�5� C.)                                 &#951;*(poise)                                          Tan &#948;                                               Newtonian__________________________________________________________________________ADHESIVE TRANSFER1   Piccolastic�D 125.sup.(a)                         110�                                 1.4 � 0.8 � 104                                          1.3  no2   Cpd I (see TABLE II) (9 parts) - Epon 1004.sup.(b) (1                         22�                                 1.2 � 0.55 � 104                                          3.5  --3   Epon� 1001.sup.(c)    110�                                 60 � 30                                          4 � 1.5                                               no4   Cpd I (4 parts) - Epon 1004 (1 part)                         30�                                 1.0 � 0.15 � 104                                          5    --5   SIA.sup.(d) resin (3 parts) - polystyrene.sup.(e) (1                         95�                                 7 � 3 � 103                                          7 � 3                                               --6   SIA resin (1 part) - polystyrene (1 part)                         80�                                 0.7 � 0.3 � 103                                          8 � 3                                               --7   SIA resin                 80�                                 3.1 � 1.2 � 103                                          13 �  4                                               --ENCAPSULATION TRANSFER8   Same as Example 6         55�                                 2.7 � 1.2 � 103                                          8� 3                                               yes9   Epon� 1001            75�                                 2.9 � 1.9 � 103                                          9.5 � 1.5                                               yes10  Same as Example 4         55�                                 1.8 � 0.9 � 103                                          18.5 � 8                                               yes11  Cpd II (2 parts) (see TABLE II)/Elvacite� 2041.sup.(f)                         50�                                 3.4 � 2 � 103                                          20   --    (1 part)12  SIA resin (1 part) - polystyrene (3 parts)                         80�                                 1.1 � 0.6 � 103                                          21 � 6                                               --13  Polystyrene (9 parts) - paraffin (1 part)                         75�                                 --       23 � 10                                               yes14  Cpd I (9 parts) - Epon 1004 (1 part)                         40�                                 1.9 � 1.1 � 103                                          25   --15  Cpd I (3 parts) - Epon 1004 (2 parts)                         55�                                 1.5 � 0.8 � 103                                          40   --16  Cpd I (4 parts) - Epon 1004 (1 part)                         50�                                 1.2 � 40.6 � 103                                               --17  SIA resin                 95�                                 1.0 � 0.4 � 103                                          &gt;40  --18  Carnabu wax (m.p. 78� C.)                         80�                                 --       &#8734;                                               --__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.(a) Polystyrene, believed to have average molecular weight ca 5000, obtained from Hercules, Inc. .sup.(b) Shell Chemical Co. epoxy endcapped polyether, epoxy No. .sup.(c) Shell Chemical Co. epoxy endcapped polyether, epoxy No. .sup.(d) 55/37/8 Styrene/isooctyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer, intrinsic viscosity 0.126 dl/g .sup.(e) Polystyrene, m.w. (avg.) 2000, dispersity 1.13 .sup.(f) High m.w. polymethylmethacrylate (DuPont Corp.)
The temperature of transfer according to the process of the present invention is defined as a temperature below 180� C. It is preferred that the transfer process occurs at temperatures up to 130� C. (above which temperature typical support materials, e.g., polyester films, tend to soften and deform); it is most preferred that the range of 20�-70� C. be used, both to conserve energy and to limit the extremes of temperature to which the photoreceptor, on which the image is originally developed, is subjected. Amorphous selenium, a photoconductor of choice for many applications, crystallizes when heated above 65� C., thereby forfeiting its photoconductive properties. Other useful photoconductors, such as amorphous chalcogenides, or dispersions of inorganic pigments, such as lead oxide, are also damaged when subjected to high pressures, as is necessary in some toner transfer techniques of the prior art. For example, transfer of toner to a thermoplastic receptor by the adhesive mechanism requires typically the application of pressure of 50 to 150 kg/cm2 ; similar forces are required for the pressure fusing of dry toner deposits. On the other hand, in carrying out the process of the present invention, the toner is encapsulated on application of, typically, 1 to 5 kg/cm2.
It is desirable that encapsulating coating materials exhibit the requisite viscoelastic properties (i.e., Newtonian complex dynamic melt viscosity of less than about 1.7�0.2�103 poise and a loss tangent of greater than 10) at the desirable lower temperature (i.e., 20�-70� C. range) and be stable and hard enough at room temperature to provide adequate protection to the image from abrasion, e.g., scratching, fingerprinting, denting, etc.
TABLE II______________________________________Com-pound______________________________________ Cross-linkable MaterialsI     OCP.sup.(k)II    3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, ECHM (ERL 4221, Union Carbide Corp.)III   Hydantoin hexaacrylate, HHA.sup.(1)IV    Triethylene glycoldiacrylate, TGD (Sartomer� 272, Sartomer Resins, Inc.) InitiatorsV     Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, PTA (Sartomer� 295, Sartomer Resins, Inc.)VI    Diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate, DIHVII   Benzil dimethylketal, BDK (Irgacure� 651, Ciba-Geigy Corp.)______________________________________ .sup.(k) Oligomeric carboxylated polyacrylated material formed by the reaction of a polyol with a diisocyanate which is subsequently reacted with hydroxycontaining carboxyl and polyacrylate groups, as disclosed in assignee's parent application, U.S. Pat. No. 901,480, filed 1 May 1978, now abandoned, and in continuationin-part application U.S. Pat. No. 015,586, filed 27 February 1979, as shown in preparation 4, and in assignee's British Patent No. 2,020,297. .sup.(l) Structure and preparation disclosed in assigness's copending patent application, SN 51,876 filed 25 June 1979, in the name of Larry A. Wendling, EXAMPLE 1, incorporated herein by reference.
A slurry of lead oxide pigment, styrene-butadiene resin binder (Goodyear Pliolite� S-7), and toluene was prepared with a 10:1 pigment-to-binder ratio. The slurry was coated onto a 25 micron thick polyester foil. When dry, the coating was approximately 50 microns thick. The dried coating was then overcoated with a slurry of carbon black and polyvinylbutyral resin in methanol to provide an electrically conductive contact. The ratio of carbon black to the resin was 1:1 by weight. With the polyester surface exposed, this layered structure was then mounted onto an aluminum plate so that the carbon coating made contact therewith. A second 25 micron polyester foil was then laminated to this exposed polyester surface, with a thin layer of dielectric fluid (mixture of medium molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons, Isopar� G, Exxon Corp.) in between to insure electrical uniformity.
After the conformable top electrode was removed and the isopropanol evaporated under ambient conditions, the room lights were turned on and the image-related charge pattern was developed with a liquid toner dispersion, LTD, comprising opaque positively charged toner particles of mean diameter 0.4 micron dispersed in dielectric fluid (Isopar� G, Exxon Corp.).
A receptor layer was prepared by coating polystyrene (average MW 2000, dispersity 1.13) plasticized with 10 wt% paraffin wax, at 20% solids from toluene onto a 100 micron primed polyester substrate. The 15 micron thick coating was dried by brief heating above 65� C. The coating was then drawn face-to-face with the image bearing substrate at a speed of approximately 0.25 cm sec-1 between laminator rolls, one of which comprised a silicone rubber surface heated to 130� C., while the other possessed a polished metal surface. After cooling to room temperature, the polyester supports were separated to yield the toner image entirely encapsulated in the hard, glossy polystyrene coating. The encapsulated image exhibited a net transmission optical density of 3.7.
A 5 cm strip of the polyester foil bearing the toner deposit was laminated face-to-face with the above receptor, using a hard rubber roller, on the surface of a Kofler Heizbank� device, a polished, heated, metal block whereon its calibrated surface temperature varies linearly along its length. Encapsulation of the toner deposit in the receptor layer to yield a net transmission optical density of 2.6 and a glossy surface, occurred at Heizbank device surface temperatures from 80� C. to 130� C., the limit to the dimensional stability of the receptor substrate.
______________________________________pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PTA)                      16    gOCP (62.4% in methyl ethyl ketone)                      32    gepoxy end capped polyether, Epon� 1004                      8     gDIH                        0.8   gDiethoxy anthracene        0.4   gFluorochemical wetting agent (F.C. 430,available from 3M)         0.8   gtrichloroethane            68    g______________________________________
A photoconductor-insulator construction comprising a 25 micron thick polyester foil, a 50 micron thick layer of photoconductive cadmium sulfide dispersed in a styrene-butadiene copolymer with a pigment-to-binder ratio of 10:1, and a conducting layer comprising a dispersion of carbon black in polyvinyl butyral was assembled and mounted on an aluminum base plate as described in Example 1. The device was elaborated by laminating a second 25 micron thick polyester foil to the insulating surface thereof with a thin layer of dielectric fluid (Isopar� G, Exxon Corp.) between the layers. The entire construction was dark adapted and contact charged to -1 kV, as in Example 1, using a transparent, conformable electrode comprising a thin conductive layer of indium oxide on a polyester dielectric film (Teijin TM� film, Teijin, Ltd.), laminated to the polyester surface with isopropanol.
With the charge applied, the device was imaged through the transparent electrode to a pattern projected by an Omega B22 photographic enlarger (incandescent source), with 10� magnification. A one second exposure at f/8 was used, corresponding to approximately 1.6 m-can-sec illuminance at maximum. After exposure, the conformable electrode was removed and the isopropanol allowed to evaporate in the dark. The entire construction was then flooded with light and, with application of a -525 volt bias potential, developed under room light with the liquid toner LTD.
The image was allowed to dry under ambient conditions, and the image-bearing foil was then removed from the permanent photoconductor-insulator construction. This foil was then laminated with the photocurable receptor on a hot plate surface at 50� C. After cooling to room temperature, the combination was irradiated through the donor substrate for 30 seconds with a 30 watt ultraviolet fluorescent source. The donor substrate was then easily removable leaving a hard, clear receptor coating with the toner image encapsulated therein. Attempted transfer of a similarly formed image at room temperature yielded primarily adhesive transfer so that the image was not fixed, even after radiation curing.
______________________________________PTA                        8     gOCP (62.4% in methyl ethyl ketone)                      16    gepoxy end capped polyether (Epon� 1007,Shell Chemical Co.)        20    gDIH                        0.4   g9,10-diethoxyanthracene    0.2   gfluorochemical wetting agent (FC-430,available from 3M)         0.4   gdichloromethane            58    g______________________________________
A piece of this dried coating was preheated to 55-60� C. on the surface of a hot plate under subdued light, then laminated immediately to the image-bearing selenium plate by application of approximately 1 kg/cm2 with a rubber roller. The laminate was then cured by ultraviolet irradiation as described in Example 3 through the receptor substrate. After irradiation, the receptor was easily removed from the selenium surface and left no residue thereupon. The receptor coating was hard and glossy, and the toner image was shown by SEM to be encapsulated therein.
A toner image of maximum transmission optical density 4.0 was formed on a 25 micron thick polyester intermediate layer selectively charged and developed according to the method of EXAMPLE 2. After development, the dispersant was allowed to evaporate until the toner deposit acquired a matte appearance. A receptor comprising carnauba wax, 6 microns thick on a 100 micron thick primed polyester support, was prepared by coating a solution of the wax, 4 wt% in xylene at 55� C., on the polyester foil using a No. 34 Meyer Bar. The coating, after air drying, was heated briefly at 80� C. to complete drying and clarify the initially hazy coating. The coating was laminated face-to-face with the polyester substrate bearing the toner image using a hard rubber roller with the receptor on a polished metal block heated to approximately 125� C. After the resulting sandwiched layers had cooled, the substrates were separated. The toner image was completely transferred to the wax coating, wherein it exhibited a maximum transmission optical density of 3.4. A linear relationship of the optical densities of the transferred image to those of the original image resulted. The surface of the transferred image was very hard and abrasion resistant. Characterization by SEM indicated that the toner deposit was encapsulated and localized in a domain comprising the uppermost 2 microns of the coating. No particulate matter was visible on the coating surface after transfer in the SEM.
A sample of a polyester film, 50 microns thick, coated on one side with a cured silicone polymeric low adhesion backsize, was obtained from 3M Industrial Specialties Division. On the untreated side was coated a thin layer of styrene-butadiene copolymer (Goodyear Pliolite� S-7) from a 10 wt% solution of the copolymer in toluene using a No. 10 Meyer Bar. Once this primer layer was dry, it was overcoated with a radiation curable composition comprising:
______________________________________medium MW polymethyl methacrylate (20 wt %DuPont Elvacite� 2008, in dichloromethane)                    110     partsTGD                      26      partsBDK                      1       part______________________________________
using the No. 34 Meyer Bar. The resulting coating was approximately 40 microns thick when dry. After drying at 70� C., the coating was still soft and deformable. Sheets of the construction were stacked, and a force of approximately 1 kg/dm2 was applied for several hours to the top of the stack. Subsequently, the sheets could be separated easily without disruption of the active surface owing to the presence of the backsize.
An image comprising a dried deposit of MX 1112 toner (Eastman Kodak Co.), whose particles had a mean diameter of 0.09 micron, and which exhibited a maximum transmission optical density of 1.8, was prepared on a 25 micron thick polyester foil as described in Example 2. The image-bearing substrate and a sample of the radiation curable coating construction were laminated face-to-face at 60� C. While together, they were placed in a graphic arts vacuum frame and irradiated 2 minutes by a 400 watt mercury arc lamp located 30 cm from the receptor side. After irradiation, the donor foil separated easily to leave a smooth, hard coating on the receptor with the toner image incorporated therein. The transferred, cured image exhibited a maximum transmission optical density of 1.7.
A receptor coating was prepared from a solution comprising a mixture of 0.39 g high molecular weight polymethyl methacrylate (Elvacite� 2041, du Pont Corp.), 1.60 g ECHM, 0.016 g ethyl dimethoxyanthracene, and 0.06 g DIH, wherein the mixture represents about 40% solids in acetone solution. The wet coating was approximately 100 microns thick on blue tinted polyester sheets and dried at room temperature. Images were transferred as in EXAMPLE 6. Again, the encapsulating layer was cured by radiation as in EXAMPLE 3. More than 95% of the toner image particles transferred and were encapsulated in the receptor coating.
______________________________________resin* (Rhom &amp; Haas WR-97, 35 wt %                    2.5    parts byin isopropanol)                 wt.HHA                      0.9    parts by                           wt.low MW alkyd plasticizing agent                    0.2    parts by                           wt.(Goodyear Paraplex� G-30, Goodyear Corp.)BDK                      0.1    parts by                           wt.Toluene                  11.3   parts by                           wt.______________________________________ *believed to be a methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/2hydroxyethyl acrylate terpolymer
on 175 micron thick blue tinted polyester film. After thorough drying, the coating was laminated with the image-bearing foil in the apparatus of EXAMPLE 1 with the heated roller at 85� C. The laminated combination was then irradiated through the receptor substrate for 2 minutes in a graphic arts vacuum frame (400 watt mercury source, 30 cm lamp-to-frame distance). Thereafter the donor foil was easily stripped away to leave a hard receptor coating with the toner image encapsulated therein. This image continued to exhibit 9 lp/mm resolution. The maximum net developed transmission optical density was reduced to 1.1, although no material remained on the donor foil.
A receptor was prepared from a solution comprising 2 g of Epon� 1001 (TABLE I, footnote c) in 8 g of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. The wet coating was approximately 100 microns thick on blue tinted polyester film and dried to approximately 14 microns thick. Simulated images were prepared as described in EXAMPLE 2. The receptor coating was then drawn face-to-face with the image bearing substrate at a speed of 0.25 cm sec-1 between laminator rolls heated to 130� C. as in EXAMPLE 1. It was found by substituting fine particles of materials of calibrated melting points (Tempilstiks�, Big Three Industries, Inc.) for the toner that the temperature at the donor-receptor interface was thus 73��5� C. Three runs were performed. In the first, the image bearing substrate developed with liquid toner was placed in contact with the coating immediately after development (wet); in the second after the surface was substantially free of dispersant but before a matte appearance was achieved (partially dry); and in the third, after drying to an effectively dispersant free condition which left a matte appearing toner deposit (dry). In all cases the toner image was successfully transferred to the receptor coating yielding net optical densities as indicated in TABLE III. Crockmeter tests, as described above, confirmed that the toner deposit was encapsulated in all instances.
TABLE III______________________________________                                   Crock-     Toner    Original Transferred meterReceptor  Deposit  Density  Density                              %    Values______________________________________Epon� 1001     Dry      2.63     2.20   84%  0.18     PartiallyEpon� 1001     Dry      2.87     2.45   85%  0.18Epon� 1001     Wet      3.87     3.24   84%  0.17Carnauba Wax     Dry      2.15     1.83   85%  0.15     PartiallyCarnauba Wax     Dry      --       *      --   --Carnauba Wax     Wet      --       *      --   --______________________________________ *no transfer
To a magnetic pattern consisting of an area of 3M Plastiform� magnetic material, comprising, in turn, an array of magnetic poles, spaced 6.7 per cm, in a flexible polymeric medium, was laminated a 25 micron thick polyethylene film. A liquid developer was prepared by dilution of Lignosite� ferro fluid (Crown Zellerbach, Inc.), comprising 80 A magnetite particles dispersed in water with the aid of a lignin sulfonic acid surfactant, to about 1% solids, and addition of a few drops of a non-ionic wetting agent (Eastman Kodak Photo-Flo�). The magnetic pattern was developed on the polyethylene surface, by application of the developer thereto; the excess was removed in an air-stream and the water was evaporated by application of heat. The image-bearing polyethylene support was then removed from the magnet array.
A sample of the receptor coating of EXAMPLE 6 was preheated to 70� C. and laminated to the polyethylene film bearing the magnetite image. The combination was cured 2 min by irradiation in a vacuum frame as described in that EXAMPLE. The polyethylene support was then stripped away to leave the magnetite particles encapsulated in image-wise fashion in the hard receptor coating.
A micro-image was formed on a sample of organic photoconductive material (S0-102, Eastman Kodak Co.) by projecting a 24X reduced image of a resolving power test target. It was developed with a liquid toner comprising a dispersion of sub-micron, non-thermoplastic pigment particles dispersed in a mixture of medium molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons. The dispersant was allowed to evaporate. The dried image was laminated to a 10 micron thick coating of the SIA resin of TABLE I, footnote(d), on 175 micron thick polyester photographic film base in the apparatus of EXAMPLE 1. The surface temperature of the heated roller was 115� C.; a pressure of 5 kg/cm2 was applied; and the transfer rate was 0.5 cm/sec. The receptor coating was removed from the photoconductive donor to reveal essentially complete transfer of the image, which was encapsulated and exhibited 150 1p/mm resolution.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2143214 *Mar 20, 1935Jan 10, 1939Egyesuelt IzzolampaProduction of imagesUS2221776 *Sep 8, 1938Nov 19, 1940Chester F CarlsonElectron photographyUS2297691 *Apr 4, 1939Oct 6, 1942Chester F CarlsonElectrophotographyUS2357809 *Nov 16, 1940Sep 12, 1944Chester F CarlsonElectrophotographic apparatusUS2666144 *Feb 2, 1950Jan 12, 1954Battelle Development CorpElectroradiographyUS2855324 *Apr 7, 1955Oct 7, 1958 van dornUS2886464 *Aug 9, 1955May 12, 1959Haloid Xerox IncContact transfer for xerographyUS2899335 *Oct 31, 1956Aug 11, 1959 Process for developing electrostaticUS2930711 *Nov 3, 1955Mar 29, 1960Gen Dynamics CorpElectrostatic printingUS3017560 *Oct 1, 1958Jan 16, 1962Leeds & Northrup CoTransistor switching circuitsUS3018262 *May 1, 1957Jan 23, 1962Shell Oil CoCuring polyepoxides with certain metal salts of inorganic acidsUS3036913 *Jul 25, 1958May 29, 1962Du PontImproved adhesive composition comprising a polyester and a thermal initiator for binding a photopolymerizable layer to a supportUS3060023 *Aug 5, 1959Oct 23, 1962Du PontImage reproduction processesUS3247007 *Jul 22, 1964Apr 19, 1966 Method of developing latent electro- static images ushng solid developer body and related solventUS3419411 *Apr 20, 1967Dec 31, 1968Australia Res LabMethod for the transfer of developed electrostatic images using a lattice forming substanceUS3445234 *May 13, 1968May 20, 1969Du PontLeuco dye/hexaarylbiimidazole imageforming compositionUS3520811 *Nov 13, 1967Jul 21, 1970Du PontCoated magnetic agglomerates containing chromium dioxideUS3620726 *Jan 29, 1968Nov 16, 1971Du PontProcess using colored particles to develop photohardenable imaging layersUS3640749 *Mar 11, 1969Feb 8, 1972Philips CorpMethod of fixing images consisting of dry powders on paperUS3773417 *Jul 28, 1971Nov 20, 1973Electroprint IncMethod and apparatus for aperture controlled electrostatic image reproduction or constitutionUS3987037 *Sep 3, 1971Oct 19, 1976Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyChromophore-substituted vinyl-halomethyl-s-triazinesUS4011358 *Jul 23, 1974Mar 8, 1977Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyPressure sensitive adhesive tapes, lithographic printing plates, coated abrasives, splicing tapesUS4026705 *May 2, 1975May 31, 1977General Electric CompanyEpoxy resin, aryl iodonium salt, cationic dyeUS4058401 *Dec 9, 1975Nov 15, 1977General Electric CompanyPhotocurable compositions containing group via aromatic onium saltsUS4071362 *Jan 5, 1973Jan 31, 1978Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Electrophotographic copying filmUS4101513 *Feb 2, 1977Jul 18, 1978Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyCatalyst for condensation of hydrolyzable silanes and storage stable compositions thereofGB2020297A * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *Ferry, Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers 2nd Ed. N.Y., Wiley (1970), pp. 18, 49.2 *King et al. Photogr. Sci. Eng., 24, 93 (1980), Application of Image Quality Concepts to Electrophotography.3 *Meissner, Pure & Applied Chemistry, 42, pp. 575-577, (1975).4 *Middleman, The Flow of High Polymers N.Y., Wiley (1968), pp. 147-149.5 *Sahyun, J. Photogr. Sci., 26, 177 (1978).6 *Schaffert, Electro Photography 2nd Ed. N.Y., Wiley pp. 191 (1975).* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4510225 *Sep 24, 1982Apr 9, 1985Coulter Systems CorporationElectrophotographic method for producing an opaque printUS4529650 *Nov 2, 1981Jul 16, 1985Coulter Systems CorporationMultilayer; substrate peelable from toner image carrierUS4600669 *Sep 6, 1985Jul 15, 1986Eastman Kodak CompanyElectrophotographic color proofing element and method for using the sameUS4686163 *May 2, 1986Aug 11, 1987Eastman Kodak CompanyPhotoconductive layer on electroconductive substrate capable of transmission of actinic radiationUS4983487 *Sep 18, 1989Jan 8, 1991Gilreath Charles TImage transfer methodUS5023038 *Sep 11, 1989Jun 11, 1991Eastman Kodak CompanyMethod and apparatus for texturizing toner image bearing receiving sheets and product produced therebyUS5085962 *May 25, 1990Feb 4, 1992Eastman Kodak CompanyMethod and apparatus for reducing relief in toner imagesUS5087536 *Apr 22, 1991Feb 11, 1992Eastman Kodak CompanyReceiving sheet bearing a toner image embedded in a thermoplastic layerUS5089363 *Sep 11, 1989Feb 18, 1992Eastman Kodak CompanyToner fixing method and apparatus and image bearing receiving sheetUS5102737 *Jun 8, 1990Apr 7, 1992Avery Dennison CorporationToner adhesion, wear resistanceUS5112717 *Sep 19, 1989May 12, 1992Eastman Kodak CompanyHigh quality electrophotographic imagesUS5132198 *Apr 6, 1990Jul 21, 1992Eastman Kodak CompanyHigh resolution toner image finishing method using heat, pressure and electric fieldUS5229235 *Apr 14, 1992Jul 20, 1993Sony CorporationElectrophotographic process using melted developerUS5249949 *Apr 22, 1991Oct 5, 1993Eastman Kodak CompanyApparatus for texturizing toner image bearing receiving sheetsUS5262259 *Apr 18, 1990Nov 16, 1993Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyElectrographic process for producing multicolored images in an electrostatic printerUS5342720 *Apr 28, 1993Aug 30, 1994Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyColor proofing element and process for making the sameUS5420675 *Mar 16, 1994May 30, 1995Hewlett-Packard CompanyLiquid toner fusing/transfer system with a film-forming roller that is absorbent of a low volatility liquid toner carrierUS5516394 *Dec 18, 1991May 14, 1996Eastman Kodak CompanyToner fixing method and receiving sheetUS5679493 *Oct 2, 1995Oct 21, 1997Nec CorporationMasked exposure of photosensitive film to form charged pattern, distributing electroconductive particles in charged sections and covering with dielectric resin to form liquid crystal displayUS5739834 *Sep 12, 1994Apr 14, 1998Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.Electrostatic charge information reproducing methodUS5871837 *Jul 7, 1995Feb 16, 1999Brady UsaMethod of fixing an image to a rigid substrateUS5923929 *Dec 29, 1994Jul 13, 1999Indigo N.V.Imaging apparatus and method and liquid toner thereforUS6025857 *Aug 30, 1995Feb 15, 2000Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.Photosensitive member and electrostatic information recording methodUS6106982 *May 11, 1998Aug 22, 2000Avery Dennison CorporationImaged receptor laminate and process for making sameUS6177222 *Mar 12, 1998Jan 23, 2001Xerox CorporationForming image on substrate comprising a polyester coating, the polyester coating having a thickness of 1 to 15 microns, developing the image with toner, and applying only heat and pressure to the substrate to absorb the toner into coatingUS6233424Jan 15, 1999May 15, 2001Seiko Epson CorporationImage receiving sheet having particular critical surface tension, viscoelastic, and rockwell hardness characteristics and image receiving apparatus using the sameUS6312788May 22, 1997Nov 6, 2001Seiko Epson CorporationImage receiving sheet and image receiving apparatus using the sameUS6326085Nov 2, 2000Dec 4, 2001Xerox CorporationPolyester coating forms images of high uniform gloss; used in electrography, xerographyUS6416874Nov 7, 2001Jul 9, 2002Xerox CorporationCoated photographic papersUS7294441Jun 30, 2004Nov 13, 2007Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a tandem electrophotographic process utilizing adhesive toner transferUS7433635Jun 30, 2004Oct 7, 2008Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a multi-pass electrophotographic process with electrostatically assisted toner transferUS7433636Jun 30, 2004Oct 7, 2008Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a tandem electrophotographic process with electrostatically assisted toner transferUS7517355Sep 8, 2005Apr 14, 2009Medafor, IncorporatedMethod of supporting and/or applying particulate materialsUSH1803 *Sep 22, 1997Sep 7, 1999Xerox CorporationLiquid electrophotographic printing processesEP0104627A1 *Sep 23, 1983Apr 4, 1984Coulter Systems CorporationAn image receptor and method for producing an opaque print thereonWO1988001368A1 *Nov 24, 1986Feb 25, 1988Irving TsaiTuned response non-impact printerWO1991003771A1 *Sep 7, 1990Mar 21, 1991Eastman Kodak CoToner fixing method and apparatus and image bearing receiving sheetWO1995006567A1 *Aug 12, 1994Mar 9, 1995Brady Usa IncMethod of fixing image to rigid substrate* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification430/11, 430/18, 430/105, 430/13, 430/118.5International ClassificationG03C5/56, G03C1/73, G03G13/20, G03G15/16, G03G15/22, G03G13/16, G03G13/22, G03G7/00, G03F7/00Cooperative ClassificationG03G7/0006, G03G7/0046, G03G7/002, G03G13/22, G03G7/004European ClassificationG03G7/00B, G03G7/00B4B6, G03G7/00B4B4, G03G13/22, G03G7/00B4Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 1, 1983CCCertificate of correctionRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services