Source: http://docplayer.net/354564-Access-to-justice-needy-person-certificates-and-waiver-of-fees.html
Timestamp: 2017-01-21 11:20:38
Document Index: 556410538

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 47', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'ART 1', 'ART 2', 'ART 1', 'ART 1', 'ART 2', 'art 5', 'art 1', 'ART 1', 'ART 2']

⭐Access to Justice Needy Person Certificates and Waiver of Fees
Access to Justice Needy Person Certificates and Waiver of Fees
Download "Access to Justice Needy Person Certificates and Waiver of Fees"
1 Access to Justice Needy Person Certificates and Waiver of Fees Final Report May 2013 As the costs of litigation and other legal services rise, concern about financial barriers to access to justice is increasing. Under The Queen s Bench Rules, a potential litigant may, in some circumstances, obtain a waiver of court fees by obtaining a Needy Person Certificate. Needy Person Certificates are useful, but challenges exist respecting their scope and availability under the QB Rules. A further challenge is that Certificates are only available to litigants in the Court of Queen s Bench and Court of Appeal. Individual rights are also adjudicated in the Small Claims Court and by boards and tribunals, which have varying policies regarding fee waivers. Responses to the Consultation Paper generally affirm that Needy Person Certificates and fee waivers in Saskatchewan need to be updated and expanded. This Final Report sets out the Commission s proposals on improving access to justice for the less advantaged members of our community through fee waivers.2 The Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan was established by An Act to Establish a Law Reform Commission, proclaimed in force in November, 1973, and began functioning in February, The Commission is incorporated by an Act of the Saskatchewan Legislature. Commissioners are appointed by Order in Council. The Commission s recommendations are independent, and are submitted to the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Saskatchewan for consideration. Projects are initiated by the Commission in response to suggestions from the public and the legal community, or at the request of the Minister of Justice and Attorney General. After preliminary research, the Commission usually issues background or consultation papers to facilitate consultation. Tentative Proposals may be issued if the legal issues involved in a project are complex. Upon completion of a project, the Commission's recommendations are formally submitted to the Minister of Justice and Attorney General as final proposals. The Commission is funded by grants from the Law Foundation of Saskatchewan and the Ministry of Justice. The Commissioners are: Mr. Donald H. Layh, Q.C., Chair Ms. Susan Amrud, Q.C. Professor Ronald C. Cuming The Honourable Georgina R. Jackson Professor Michaela Keet Mr. Michael Milani, Q.C. Ms. Reché McKeague is Director of Research. The Commission can be contacted at: Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan University of Saskatchewan Room 209, College of Law 15 Campus Drive Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A6 Telephone (306) Fax (306) This final report and other Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan publications are available on our website: ISBN (print) ISBN (PDF)3 Table of Contents SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS INTRODUCTION NEEDY PERSON CERTIFICATES AND FEE WAIVERS IN SASKATCHEWAN Needy Person Certificates Fee waivers in other courts and tribunals FEE WAIVERS IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS Ontario British Columbia AVAILABILITY OF FEE WAIVERS Self-represented litigants Timing Small Claims Court Tribunals QUALIFYING FOR A FEE WAIVER Measurement of need Reasonable grounds Evidence of need CONSISTENCY OF FEE WAIVERS Administration Naming Education... 254 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS Availability of fee waivers 1. Needy Person Certificates and fee waivers should be available to self-represented litigants. 2. Needy Person Certificates and fee waivers should be available at any point in a proceeding. 3. A fee waiver program should be established in Small Claims Court. 4. Administrative tribunals in Saskatchewan that regularly adjudicate matters for members of the public should adopt fee waiver policies for individuals. 5. The fee waiver application policy and process should be the same across all Saskatchewan courts and tribunals. Qualifying for a fee waiver 6. Fee waiver eligibility should be determined with reference to the Low Income Cut Off (LICO), 1 with flexibility to consider an applicant s extraordinary circumstances. 7. No merit or reasonable grounds test should be included in the fee waiver application process. 8. A fee waiver application form should be easy to use, clear and in plain language. 9. A litigant who has qualified for Legal Aid or met the income testing requirements of a Saskatchewan-based pro bono organization, such as Pro Bono Law Saskatchewan (PBLS) or Community Legal Assistance Services for Saskatoon Inner City Inc. (CLASSIC), should automatically qualify for a fee waiver without further application. 10. A fee waiver application should be made directly to a court official or officer of a tribunal. 11. A fee waiver application form should require a declaration of receipt of social assistance or a simple financial statement, with additional proof to be provided only upon request. 12. An applicant for a fee waiver who does not meet the financial eligibility requirement should be entitled to apply for a fee waiver on the basis of extraordinary circumstances to a court official or officer of a tribunal and the application may be referred to the court or tribunal for decision. 1 Statistics Canada, Table 18: Low income before tax cut-offs (1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2005 (modified 11 December 2007), online: Statistics Canada <http://www.statcan.gc.ca> [LICO]. The LICO is the income level at which a family spends 20% more of its income on food, shelter and clothing than the average family and is a frequently used measure of poverty in Canada. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 15 Consistency of fee waivers 13. Courts and tribunals should be responsible for issuing fee waivers for the fees they charge. 14. Court and tribunal staff should be trained about the process and be willing to assist people to fill out the application form. 15. All courts and tribunals should name their fee waiver [Court/Tribunal] Fee Waiver (e.g. Court of Queen s Bench Fee Waiver, Highway Traffic Board Fee Waiver). 16. Education programs and materials should be available to inform people on the availability of, and application process for, fee waivers in Saskatchewan courts and tribunals. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 26 1. INTRODUCTION Access to the courts has been described as one of the foundational pillars protecting the rights and freedoms of our citizens. 2 In BCGEU, Chief Justice Dickson stated: There cannot be a rule of law without access, otherwise the rule of law is replaced by a rule of men and women who decide who shall and who shall not have access to justice. 3 As the costs of litigation and other legal services rise, concern about financial barriers to access to justice is increasing. In 2006, the Canadian Bar Association (CBA) stated that advocating for access to justice for poor people had become its top priority. 4 A report issued by the CBA observed that: As lawyers, CBA members know that too many people have no access to the rights and protections our laws notionally provide. The poor people who are denied access to justice are the same people who already experience disadvantages of many other kinds, including women, children, people living with disabilities, Aboriginal people, members of racialized minorities, the elderly and refugees. 5 The problem of access has no simple answers. Changes in procedures to assist unrepresented clients, improvements in legal aid programs, support for legal clinics such as Community Legal Assistance Services for Saskatoon Inner City Inc. (CLASSIC), and encouragement of lawyers who are willing to act pro bono are among the strategies that have been identified. 6 This Final Report discusses, and makes recommendations for, another piece of the search for solutions: fee waivers for individuals unable to pay the costs of litigation. Court fees are charged when a civil case is initiated by filing the proper documents with the court, and sometimes at later stages in a proceeding. 7 Under The Queen s Bench Rules, a potential litigant may, in some circumstances, obtain a waiver of court fees by obtaining a Needy Person Certificate. 8 A Certificate is granted on application to the Saskatchewan Legal Aid Commission if a means test is met and if the applicant has reasonable grounds for taking or 2 BCGEU v British Columbia (Attorney General), [1988] 2 SCR 214 at para 26, Dickson CJC [BCGEU] citing Re Government Employees Union (1985), 20 DLR (4 th ) 399 at 409 (BCCA). 3 Supra note 2 at para Canadian Bar Association (CBA), Canada s Crisis in Access to Justice (Submission to the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the occasion of the consideration of its review of Canada s Fourth and Fifth Reports on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, April 2006) at 1, online: CBA <http://www.cba.org>. 5 Ibid. 6 See Gaylene Schellenburg, Access to Justice in Canada: Canadian Bar Association Strategies to Make it Happen, Clearinghouse Review: Journal of Poverty Law and Policy (July-August 2006) See e.g. Saskatchewan, Tariff of Costs, Schedule II, A, B. 8 Saskatchewan, The Queen s Bench Rules, r 570 [QB Rules]; Saskatchewan, The Queen s Bench Rules (2011), r [new QB Rules](the new QB Rules will come into force on July 1, 2013). Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 37 defending or being a party to proceedings. 9 A Certificate also relieves the proposed litigant from responsibility for paying the other party s court costs if the litigation is unsuccessful. 10 Needy Person Certificates are useful, but challenges exist respecting their scope and availability under the QB Rules. Certificates are only available to litigants in the Court of Queen s Bench and Court of Appeal, which is a further challenge. Individual rights are adjudicated in the Small Claims Court and by boards and tribunals, which have varying policies regarding fee waivers. Court fees may be a bar to access. CLASSIC surveyed its clients to determine how frequently tribunal and court fees were a barrier to pursuing legal avenues: Of the clients who faced fees, 21% were not able to pursue their matter because they could not afford the fee and no mechanism existed to have the fee waived. It is of significant concern that approximately one-fifth of low-income clients are not able to move forward with meritorious claims because they were not able to afford the fee. 11 Legal aid in Saskatchewan is only available for criminal and family law matters, and not to individuals who wish to sue for injury or breach of contract, or who seek other remedies available only in court. 12 CLASSIC provided the Law Reform Commission with two examples of situations in which fees were a barrier for its clients. The first involved an application in the Court of Queen s Bench: Ms. W. is an elderly woman whose only source of income is her pension. Her adult son has a brain injury and lives in a care home. Ms. W. s daughter-in-law is her son s Personal and Property Guardian, but she has left the country and been neglecting her duties. Ms. W. wished to pursue Guardianship for her son, to access the funds in his bank account to pay for his medical needs. Her application had a high probability of success. All of their family members indicated that they would consent to the application and a hearing would not be necessary. When CLASSIC advised Ms. W of the costs associated with the application (which included a $200 filing fee at the Court of Queen s Bench), Ms. W instructed us to drop the application. She said she would not be able to find the funds necessary to proceed. Ms. W. was forced to abandon her application because of the costs involved. She advised that she would continue caring for her son on her limited income as she could not afford to become his guardian Ibid. 10 QB Rules, supra note 8, r 574; new QB Rules, supra note 8, r Letter from Pamela Kovacs, Executive Director of Pro Bono Law Saskatchewan, to Kathleen Robertson and Mike Finley, Chair and Director of Research of the Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan (January 13, 2009). 12 What Services Do We Provide? ( ), online: Saskatchewan Legal Aid Commission <http://legalaid.sk.ca >. 13 Letter from Amanda Dodge, Executive Director of CLASSIC, to Allan Snell, Q.C., Chief Executive Officer of Legal Aid Saskatchewan [nd]. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 48 Fees may be a problem even in Small Claims Court, which is intended to be less expensive to access: Ms. F lives on social assistance in Saskatoon. She contacted CLASSIC in 2008 for assistance after she slipped and fell at a chain grocery store. After attempting to settle with the grocery store, the supervising lawyer decided the best course of action would be to file a statement of claim with Small Claims Court for the amount of $20, The filing fee for such a claim is $ Although Ms. F had known about the fee for some time, she was unable to gather the funds to pay it. CLASSIC has now lost contact with this client and, unless she contacts CLASSIC of her own volition, will most likely close the file once the limitation date for filing the claim passes. 14 In 2003, the Ontario Divisional Court held that the absence of a statutory mechanism for the waiver or reduction of court fees in Small Claims Court is unconstitutional. 15 As a result, the system for waiving court fees has recently been examined and revised in British Columbia and Ontario. 16 The Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan issued Access to Justice Needy Person Certificates and Waiver of Fees: Consultation Paper in December The Consultation Paper described Needy Person Certificates and other fee waiver policies in Saskatchewan courts and tribunals. Problems in the present system were identified and discussed. Readers were invited to respond to a series of questions: 1. Should Needy Person Certificates be available to self-represented litigants? 2. Should Needy Person Certificates be available to qualified applicants at any stage in a proceeding? 3. What can be done to increase accessibility to Needy Person Certificates, e.g., by changes in the granting process, improved information services or other strategies? 4. Should the Legal Aid Commission continue to be responsible for issuing Needy Person Certificates? 5. Should a fee waiver program be established in Small Claims Court? 14 Anecdotal information provided by CLASSIC to Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan [nd]. 15 Polewsky v Home Hardware Stores Ltd (2003), 229 DLR (4 th ) 308 (Ont Div Ct) (while the prescribed fees were not unconstitutional and a constitutional right of access to the courts does not preclude reasonable user fees, the absence of a statutory mechanism for the waiver or reduction of such fees (in certain limited circumstances) was unconstitutional). 16 See generally Michael McCubbin, Waiving Filing Fees in BC Small Claims Court, (Community Legal Assistance Society, February 2011); Legal Services Society, How to get an indigency order in Supreme Court, online: Family Law in British Columbia <http://www.familylaw.lss.bc.ca>; Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General, Court Fee Waiver Guide and Forms, online: <http://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca>. 17 Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan (LRCS), Access to Justice Needy Person Certificates and Waiver of Fees: Consultation Paper (December 2011), online: LRCS <www.lawreformcommission.sk.ca> [Consultation Paper]. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 59 6. Should administrative tribunals in Saskatchewan be required to adopt a fee waiver policy? 7. Should the means test for fee waivers be determined by reference to: (a) criteria for determining eligibility for legal aid? (b) receipt of social assistance or similar benefits? (c) the Low Income Cut Off (LICO)? (d) other criteria? The Commission received comments from a tribunal, pro bono organizations, a refugee/immigrant support organization, and interested individuals. We thank all those who contributed to this project, either by providing research for, or responding to, the Consultation Paper. Responses to the Consultation Paper generally affirm that Needy Person Certificates and fee waivers in Saskatchewan should be updated and expanded. This Final Report sets out the Commission s proposals on improving access to justice for the less advantaged members of our community through fee waivers. 2. NEEDY PERSON CERTIFICATES AND FEE WAIVERS IN SASKATCHEWAN 2.1. Needy Person Certificates At common law, a person unable to bring a civil action because of poverty was entitled to sue in forma pauperis. 18 Needy Person Certificates were adopted to regulate this ancient protection for indigent litigants. The mechanics for granting Certificates were included in the Rules of the Court of Queen s Bench in Order XLVII of the 1942 Rules contained rules relating to Proceedings by and against needy persons, which were adopted from English and Alberta rules. 20 Under this system, Certificates were issued by the Law Society of Saskatchewan after enquiry by a committee appointed by the Law Society... [and] signed by two members of the 18 The Statute of Henry VII, 1495 (UK), c 12, established rules for suing in forma pauperis, but the practice of waiving fees appears to predate the statute. The purpose of allowing someone to proceed in forma pauperis was to allow those that were truly indigent and had meritorious claims or defences a right to justice. To this end, practice under the statute established a but for test: if, but for a reduction or waiver of the fees, the prospective litigant would not be able to access the court, the relief was granted by the court. 19 The Revised Rules of Court of the Province of Saskatchewan (1942) [1942 Rules]. 20 Ibid, marginal notes. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 610 committee present at the enquiry. 21 Applications were received by local legal aid committees composed of volunteer lawyers. The final decision was at the discretion of a committee of Benchers of the Law Society that had to be satisfied that the applicant was indigent and had a reasonable likelihood of success. In other respects, the 1942 Rules were similar to those now in force. The most significant change to the rules occurred when publicly-funded legal aid was introduced in The Community Legal Services Commission (the precursor to the Legal Aid Commission) was assigned the task of receiving applications and granting Needy Person Certificates, formerly the responsibility of the Law Society. 22 It appears to have been assumed that legal aid would make the Certificates largely unnecessary to assist needy individuals to gain access to court. Rather, once eligibility for legal aid had been determined, the lawyer handling the file would be issued a Needy Person Certificate as a matter of course, used to defray the costs incurred by the legal aid program. Since issue of a Certificate was tied in practice to determination of eligibility for legal aid, the Commission was given responsibility for Needy Person Certificates. Since 1974, the scope of legal aid has been significantly reduced. As a result, the Legal Aid Commission now administers applications for Needy Person Certificates made both by individuals eligible for legal aid and by individuals who meet the means test, but are not eligible for legal aid. Needy Person Certificates are now governed by Part 47 of the QB Rules, entitled Proceedings by and against needy persons. 23 These rules apply to civil actions initiated in the Court of Queen s Bench, and, under rule 581, with leave of the Court of Appeal a Needy Person Certificate will remain in effect on appeal. Certificates are issued by the Saskatchewan Legal Aid Commission, and a Certificate certifies : (1) that the needy person named therein is in indigent circumstances; (2) that such person has reasonable grounds for taking or defending or being a party to proceedings; (3) the name and address of the solicitor who has been nominated and has consented to conduct the proceedings on behalf of the needy person (hereinafter called the conducting solicitor ); and 21 Ibid, r Consolidated Rules of Court of the Province of Saskatchewan, r 570 (1981). 23 Supra note 8, r See also new QB Rules, supra note 8, r Although the rules in this Part have been reworded, they remain the same in content. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 711 (4) that there are reasonable and proper grounds for believing that the applicant may recover under execution, or obtain other substantial benefit or remedy under any judgment or order which may be made in the proceedings. 24 Rule 569 requires that the applicant reside in Saskatchewan. Although the Legal Aid Commission is given discretion to determine eligibility for a Needy Person Certificate, the court retains a supervisory function: The court may at any time (and whether or not any application be made by the Law Society or by any person for that purpose) discharge the certificate and direct it to be taken off the file, and the needy person shall not thereafter have the benefit of the certificate 25 The QB Rules appear to require that a Needy Person Certificate be obtained before an action is commenced and be filed in court. 26 Thereafter, when it is produced by the conducting solicitor, court fees will be waived. In addition, the needy person shall not be required to pay costs to any other party, except as provided by these rules, and the conducting solicitor may not charge any fees to his or her needy client. 27 However, if the needy person recovers money or costs in the proceedings, costs and fees may become payable and the Certificate may be discharged. 28 An unusual aspect of the Needy Person Certificate rules is the limitations placed on the solicitor-client relationship. Leave of the court or of the Legal Aid Commission is required for the needy person to discharge his or her solicitor, for the solicitor to withdraw, or to discontinue or settle a proceeding Fee waivers in other courts and tribunals Needy Person Certificates are available only in the Court of Queen s Bench and the Court of Appeal, undoubtedly since the Certificates evolved from the ancient in forma pauperis proceedings in the English High Courts. In Saskatchewan today, justice is also administered in the Provincial Court and by a wide range of tribunals. As the Law Reform Commission has previously noted: 24 QB Rules, supra note 8, r Ibid, r 575(1). 26 Ibid, r Ibid, r Ibid, r Ibid, r 576. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 812 Boards, commissions, and review panels have become an important part of the administration of justice in Saskatchewan. These administrative tribunals make decisions in a wide range of cases affecting Saskatchewan residents and businesses. Nearly fifty tribunals adjudicate disputes between citizens and government agencies. 30 Fee waiver policies analogous to those in place in the superior courts would be appropriate in Provincial Court and many tribunals, particularly those that deal frequently with needy applicants. However, a survey of Saskatchewan tribunals undertaken by the Law Reform Commission shows no consistency in fee waiver policies. Some tribunals do not charge fees, including several that often receive applications from individuals with scant financial resources, such as the Workers Compensation Board and Social Services appeal tribunals. However, even in these cases there may be fees related to appeals to the courts. Some tribunals, such as the Office of Residential Tenancies, waive fees for applicants on social assistance. Availability of the fee waiver is noted on the forms provided by the Office. 31 Others, such as the Automobile Injury Appeal Commission (AIAC), will waive fees on grounds of substantial hardship or similar criteria. Although substantial hardship is not defined, the AIAC requires applicants for a fee waiver to make extensive financial disclosure of benefits received, income, assets and living expenses. 32 The Provincial Court of Saskatchewan does not have a fee waiver policy, nor do many Saskatchewan tribunals, including some that frequently deal with needy applicants: Tribunals that frequently receive applications from needy persons Tribunal/Appeal Board Automobile Injury Appeal Commission Fees Associated with Claim $75 Information This fee may be waived if it will cause substantial hardship for the claimant. The AIAC will refund the fee if the appeal is successful. 30 Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan, Model Code of Administrative Procedure for Saskatchewan Administrative Tribunals (October 2005) at i. 31 The Residential Tenancies Regulations, 2007, RRS, c R , Reg 1. The Office s website notes that the fee is waived for anyone who is on social assistance or receives an Old Age Security Income Supplement. In addition, there is no fee for a tenant to apply for a return of security deposit. See Office of Residential Tenancies <http://www.justice.gov.sk.ca/ort>. 32 See Certificate of Substantial Hardship, online: Automobile Injury Appeal Commission <http://www.autoinjuryappeal.sk.ca/subhardship>. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 913 Highway Traffic Board $25 The fee may be refunded if the appeal is successful. Labour Relations Board (Duty of Fair Representation complaints) Office of Residential Tenancies No fee $50 While there is no fee, the application form must be commissioned or notarized at an average cost of $25 to $50. An application by a tenant for return of a security deposit incurs no fee. A $50 fee is charged for any other application. Fees are waived for recipients of social assistance or Old Age Security Income Supplement. 3. FEE WAIVERS IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS 3.1. Ontario The fee waiver process in Ontario is governed by the Administration of Justice Act 33 and the Fee Waiver regulations. 34 The regulations and the amendments to the Act came into effect on January 29, 2005, following the Divisional Court s decision in Polewsky. 35 The fee waiver applies to most fees in civil and small claims court proceedings, and family law cases. The fee waiver does not apply to lawyers fees, and some court fees cannot be waived, including: transcript fees and other fees to court reporters and monitors; official examiners fees; fees and allowances to witnesses; fees to mediators for civil mandatory mediation (these fees may be waived under the Mandatory Mediation Program s Access Plan); fees to mediators in estates, trusts and substitute decisions cases; fees to mediators for family mediation services; fees relating to criminal matters; disbursements to the sheriff for enforcement of orders (except for enforcement of an order made under subsection 35(3) of the Tenant Protection Act, 1997); federal Central Registry of Divorce Proceedings fee; fees for service of documents; fees for bankruptcy proceedings under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act; and costs ordered to be paid to another party RSO 1990, c A.6, s O Reg 2/ Supra note Fee Waiver, supra note 34, s 3. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 1014 Fee waiver is not available if the litigant s court and/or enforcement fees are being paid by Legal Aid Ontario or are being paid by a lawyer under a contingency fee agreement. 37 A fee waiver may be requested at any time: before the case has started, at any time after it has started, or at the enforcement stage. 38 The individual (not a business or an organization) requesting a fee waiver must be a party in a case or intend to be a party. If the party is being represented by a litigation guardian or special party representative, the guardian or representative must complete a different application form. 39 A fee waiver may be requested in two ways: if a litigant qualifies under the financial eligibility criteria, the litigant may apply for fee waiver to the registrar or clerk of the court, 40 or if a litigant does not qualify under the financial eligibility criteria but believes his or her fees should be waived, the litigant may apply to the court. 41 The financial eligibility criteria set out in the Fee Waiver regulation are: The primary source of household income is one or more of: income assistance from Ontario Works; income support from the Ontario Disability Support Program; Family Benefits Act allowance; Old Age Security Pension together with the Guaranteed Income Supplement; War Veterans Allowance; or Canada Pension Plan benefits. OR 2. The household income and assets are below the following cut-offs: Number of persons in household Gross monthly household income 1 $1, , , , Ibid, s Administration of Justice Act, supra note 33, s 4.3(2). 39 Fee Waiver, supra note 34, s Administration of Justice Act, supra note 33, s Ibid, s Fee Waiver, supra note 34, s 2, 6. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 1115 5 or more 3,583 Household liquid assets: $1,500 Household net worth: $6,000 There is no charge to request a fee waiver. 43 If a fee waiver is denied, a litigant may reapply when his or her financial circumstances change British Columbia The fee waiver process in British Columbia is set out in the Supreme Court Civil Rules, rule 20-5, and is referred to as an indigency order. 45 An indigency order covers only the fees set out in Schedule 1 of Appendix C to the Supreme Court Civil Rules and Supreme Court Family Rules. The rules provide that if the applicant: receives benefits under the Employment and Assistance Act or the Employment and Assistance for Persons with Disabilities Act, or is otherwise impoverished, and the court does not find that the claim or defence: o discloses no reasonable claim or defence, as the case may be, o is scandalous, frivolous or vexatious, or o is otherwise an abuse of the process of the court, then the court may order that no fee is payable by the person to the government under Schedule 1 of Appendix C in relation to the proceeding. 46 The scope of the fee waiver rule was recently enlarged by the British Columbia Court of Appeal: The enlarged scope of the exemption in Rule 20-5, then, should be read as saying impoverished or in need. The phrase is intended to cover those who could not meet their everyday expenses if they were required to pay the fees. Courts will continue to use their discretion to determine whether a litigant is impoverished or in need to the point that but for the hearing fees, they would be able to pursue their claim, thus qualifying for an exemption. 47 In order to prove that the litigant is impoverished or in need the litigant must file an Affidavit 43 Administration of Justice Act, supra note 33, s Ministry of the Attorney General, A Guide to Fee Waiver Requests (Queen s Printer for Ontario, 2005) at British Columbia, Supreme Court Civil Rules, r The Small Claims Rules, BC Reg 261/93, s 20(1), allow for fee waiver applications but do not set out the factors or process in detail. 46 Ibid, r 20-5(1). 47 Vilardell v Dunham, 2013 BCCA 65 at para 41. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 1216 in Support of Indigent Application that includes information about the applicant s income, expenses, assets, and debts, past or future employment, education status, and workplace skills. 48 An indigency order may apply to a proceeding generally, any part of a proceeding, a specific period of time, or one or more particular steps in a proceeding. 49 There is no charge to request an indigency order. If the litigant s financial circumstances change, the court may revoke the order on application or on the court s own motion AVAILABILITY OF FEE WAIVERS 4.1. Self-represented litigants In order for the Legal Aid Commission to issue a Needy Person Certificate, the QB Rules require the applicant to have a solicitor who has been nominated and has consented to conduct the proceedings on behalf of the needy person (a conducting solicitor ). 51 The conducting solicitor must file the Certificate with the court, and is required to sign [e]very notice of motion, summons or petition on behalf of the needy person and ensure that no application is made without reasonable cause. 52 The rules require leave of the court or of the Legal Aid Commission for the needy person to discharge his or her solicitor, for the solicitor to withdraw, or to discontinue or settle a proceeding. 53 The rules intimately tie the conducting solicitor to the ongoing conduct of the needy person s proceeding. Thus, the Legal Aid Commission administers Needy Person Certificates but cannot provide them to unrepresented litigants. In order to make Certificates more accessible, the Legal Aid Commission and CLASSIC have endeavored to develop a protocol allowing the Commission to issue Certificates to clients of CLASSIC and other pro bono counsel. 54 Even if Certificates are made more accessible for represented clients, the current system will be adequate only if there are enough lawyers taking on cases pro bono. If Needy Person Certificates are not available to all needy litigants in 48 Ibid, r 20-5(3), Form Ibid, r 20-5(2). 50 Ibid, r 20-5(4). 51 Supra note 8, r QB Rules, supra note 1, r 571, Ibid, r Letter from Amanda Dodge, Executive Director, CLASSIC to Gerald Tegart, Deputy Minister of Justice, Saskatchewan Ministry of Justice (7 December 2009) [Letter from CLASSIC]. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 1317 Saskatchewan, the decision of the Ontario Divisional Court in Polewsky may invite a constitutional challenge. 55 The legislation in both British Columbia and Ontario provide for fee waivers for litigants who cannot afford to pay, whether or not they are represented by a lawyer. 56 Each respondent to the Consultation Paper who addressed this question indicated that selfrepresented litigants should have access to Needy Person Certificates. Self-representation is becoming the only option for many litigants, given the cost of legal services and the limited scope of legal aid. Often, a litigant who cannot afford a lawyer also cannot afford the court fees associated with seeking their legal remedy, including the filing fee to commence an action. Limiting the availability of fee waivers to those who qualify for Legal Aid or can obtain pro bono representation is a significant barrier to many attempting to access justice. In its response, Pro Bono Law Saskatchewan (PBLS) noted that the need for pro bono counsel far exceeds its availability. The vast majority of people assisted by PBLS receive summary advice through a free legal clinic so that they can better self-represent. In 2010, PBLS was able to match 123 clients with pro bono counsel while 926 self-represented individuals received summary advice at a free legal clinic. Meeting the demand for even summary advice is a constant challenge for PBLS. Another respondent suggested that this is a tangible access to justice issue: The existence of fees to access justice systems creates a significant and, in some cases, insurmountable barrier to the adjudication of claims. Recommendation 1. Needy Person Certificates and fee waivers should be available to self-represented litigants Timing A Needy Person Certificate must be filed in advance of any proceedings. 57 This precludes lawyers from filing Certificates on behalf of pro bono clients if they do not become involved with the proceeding until after it is initiated. Both British Columbia and Ontario allow for fee 55 Supra note British Columbia: Supreme Court Civil Rules, supra note 45; Ontario: Administration of Justice Act, supra note 33, Fee Waiver, supra note QB Rules, supra note 8, r 571. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 1418 waiver applications to be made at any point during a proceeding. 58 Respondents to the Consultation Paper who addressed this issue indicated that a Needy Person Certificate should be available at any stage in a proceeding. Respondents suggested that a restriction on when, during a proceeding, a Certificate is available may prevent a litigant from pursuing his or her matter in the event his or her financial situation changes. CLASSIC suggested that the combination of short limitation periods with the challenge of accessing free legal advice is another reason to make Certificates available at any point in a proceeding. For example, the time to file an appeal to the Court of Queen s Bench of a decision of the Office of Residential Tenancies is only 30 days. However, there are waitlists to access the free legal clinics in the province. Low-income litigants may have to wait over a month before they can speak to a volunteer lawyer, or over two months to be granted pro bono counsel. In such a case, the limitation period expires before the litigant can speak to a lawyer to arrange an application for a Needy Person Certificate. CLASSIC further noted that [i]f the impetus for reform is to increase access to justice systems, it seems counter-intuitive that an eligible party would be barred due to an arbitrary time restriction placed on that access. Recommendation 2. Needy Person Certificates and fee waivers should be available at any point in a proceeding Small Claims Court Needy Person Certificates are available in the Court of Queen s Bench and the Court of Appeal. 59 However, there is no fee waiver policy in the Provincial Court. When the jurisdiction of the Provincial Court was confined largely to criminal cases, this was not a significant issue. However, the Small Claims Court now handles claims of up to $20, Since the Small Claims Court was created as a less expensive, more accessible alternative to the Court of Queen s Bench, the absence of a fee waiver policy is particularly problematic. The minimum fee for filing a claim in the court is $ As CLASSIC noted: While these fees may not be considered significant to a middle income earner, to those 58 British Columbia: Supreme Court Civil Rules, supra note 45, r 20-5(2); Ontario: Administration of Justice Act, supra note 33, s 4.3(2). 59 QB Rules, supra note 8, r 569, The Small Claims Act, 1997, SS 1997, c S-50.11, s 3; The Small Claims Regulations, 1998, RRS, c S-50.11, Reg 1, s Ibid, s 4. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 1519 living in poverty even a $20 fee can be insurmountable. Many of our clients living on social assistance or other forms of income support (e.g. pension) can earn less than $1,000 per month. Their income is quickly consumed by their basic necessaries. After paying rent, utilities and groceries, our clients often have no disposable income that can be put towards legal fees. 62 The Ontario fee waiver system, following Polewsky, now extends to Ontario s Small Claims Court. 63 British Columbia s Small Claims Court provides for fee waivers. 64 All of the respondents who addressed this question agreed that a fee waiver program should be established in Saskatchewan s Small Claims Court. The Small Claims Court s current sliding scale system to determine filing fees does not reflect the means of the litigants, but rather the remedy sought. As a result, fees continue to act as a barrier to accessing justice at the Small Claims Court. In view of the Polewsky decision that the absence of a statutory mechanism for waiver or reduction of fees in the Ontario Small Claims Court is unconstitutional, there may be a positive obligation to institute a fee waiver program. 65 Recommendation 3. A fee waiver program should be established in Small Claims Court Tribunals Administrative tribunals make decisions in a wide range of cases affecting Saskatchewan residents and businesses. Approximately fifty tribunals adjudicate disputes between citizens and government agencies. 66 Fee waiver policies analogous to those recommended for the courts would be appropriate in many of these tribunals, and particularly in those that deal frequently with low-income individuals. However, a survey of Saskatchewan tribunals undertaken by the Law Reform Commission shows no consistency in tribunal fee waiver policies. 67 In a submission to the Ministry of Justice in 2009, CLASSIC recommended that fee waivers be available in all tribunals and courts and that a uniform policy be adopted in place of the variety 62 Letter from CLASSIC, supra note Administration of Justice Act, supra note 33, s Small Claims Rules, supra note 45, s 20(1). 65 Polewsky, supra note Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan, supra note 30 at i. 67 See discussion in Part 2.2. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 1620 of approaches now in place. 68 All of the Consultation Paper respondents who addressed this question agreed that administrative tribunals in Saskatchewan should adopt fee waiver policies. Some suggested that not only should all administrative tribunals adopt a fee waiver policy, but the policy should be consistent among all tribunals and courts. The policy variation in application and qualification for a fee waiver at a court or tribunal creates an unpredictable and unfair scenario for low-income applicants. In its response, CLASSIC gave the following example: the same person may be affected by decisions of both Social Services and SGI. In one scenario, enforcing their right to appeal is free, whereas in another scenario, it will cost $75. To a social assistance recipient receiving a basic monthly allowance of $215, a $75 fee will be wholly unaffordable. That person is therefore likely to abandon the expensive appeal route. Over 300 boards, commissions and agencies exist in Saskatchewan. The need for a fee waiver policy for tribunals regularly accessed by members of the public (e.g. the Office of Residential Tenancies) is much greater than for tribunals that adjudicate matters between mainly government agencies and corporations (e.g. provincial utilities regulation or the Saskatchewan Financial Services Commission). A more practical approach may require fee waiver policies for those tribunals regularly accessed by members of the public, and to limit fee waivers to individuals, not businesses or corporations. Consistent fee waiver policies would reduce the confusion and uncertainty in the fee waiver process for low-income individuals. Recommendations 4. Administrative tribunals in Saskatchewan that regularly adjudicate matters for members of the public should adopt fee waiver policies for individuals. 5. The fee waiver application policy and process should be the same across all Saskatchewan courts and tribunals. 68 Letter from CLASSIC, supra note 54. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan 17 View more
Law Society of Saskatchewan Queen s Bench Rules of Court webinars Part 1: Overview Reché McKeague Director of Research, Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan January 28, 2013 Table of Contents 1. Introduction... More information Ministry of Justice. Annual Report for 2013-14. Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan. saskatchewan.ca
Ministry of Justice Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan Annual Report for 2013-14 saskatchewan.ca Table of Contents Letters of Transmittal...1 About the Commission...2 Objectives... 2 Commissioners... More information IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Citation: Merlo v. Canada (Attorney General), 2013 BCSC 1136 Date: 20130625 Docket: S122255 Registry: Vancouver Between: Brought under the Class Proceedings Act, More information ISSUES PAPER LEGAL REPRESENTATION AND JURISDICTIONAL LIMIT IN SMALL CLAIMS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL AND JUSTICE ISSUES PAPER LEGAL REPRESENTATION AND JURISDICTIONAL LIMIT IN SMALL CLAIMS June 2013 Legal Policy Division Department of the Attorney-General and Justice More information ALBERTA S JUSTICE SYSTEM AND YOU
ALBERTA S JUSTICE SYSTEM AND YOU This brochure will give you the facts about your justice system the major participants and the important roles that each plays. In addition, it will help you better understand More information MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT CLAIMS ACT
Province of Alberta MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT CLAIMS ACT Revised Statutes of Alberta 2000 Chapter M-22 Current as of April 1, 2015 Office Consolidation Published by Alberta Queen s Printer Alberta Queen s More information Schedule of Forms SCHEDULE OF FORMS 3. Nil
Queen s Bench Forms SCHEDULE OF FORMS 3 Schedule of Forms FORMS FOR PART 1 [Foundational Rules] Form R Nil rule No. Form No. Source FORMS FOR PART 2 [Parties to Litigation] Form R rule No. Form No. Source More information Any civil action exempt from arbitration by action of a presiding judge under ORS 36.405.
CHAPTER 13 Arbitration 13.010 APPLICATION OF CHAPTER (1) This UTCR chapter applies to arbitration under ORS 36.400 to 36.425 and Acts amendatory thereof but, except as therein provided, does not apply More information Province of Alberta LIMITATIONS ACT. Revised Statutes of Alberta 2000 Chapter L-12. Current as of December 17, 2014. Office Consolidation
Province of Alberta LIMITATIONS ACT Revised Statutes of Alberta 2000 Current as of December 17, 2014 Office Consolidation Published by Alberta Queen s Printer Alberta Queen s Printer 5 th Floor, Park Plaza More information NOTE - This document is provided for guidance only and does not purport to be a legal interpretation. PERSONAL INSOLVENCY ACT 2012
Background to and purpose of the Act PERSONAL INSOLVENCY ACT 2012 EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM The Act provides for the reform of personal insolvency law and will introduce the following new non-judicial debt More information ACCIDENT BENEFITS: RECENT CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENTS
The Law Society of Upper Canada October 18, 2007 ACCIDENT BENEFITS: RECENT CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENTS Richard M. Bogoroch, Melinda J. Baxter and Tripta S. Chandler Bogoroch & Associates REPRESENTING PERSONS More information GADSBY WICKS SOLICITORS EXPLANATION OF LEGAL TERMS
EXPLANATION OF LEGAL TERMS Affidavit: After the event litigation insurance: Application notice: Bar Council: Barrister: Basic Charges: Before the Event Legal Expenses Insurance: Bill of costs: Bolam test: More information Guidelines for Employees, Employers and Practitioners appearing before the Employment Appeals Tribunal
Guidelines for Employees, Employers and Practitioners appearing before the Employment Appeals Tribunal This is a guideline only and, as such, does not purport to give a full and comprehensive description More information Consultation Paper for Civil Rule Reform
COURT OF APPEAL Consultation Paper for Civil Rule Reform 1. Introduction... 1 2. Reorganization of the Act and Rules... 2 3. Leave to Appeal... 2 4. Filings, Document Content and Deadlines... 3 5. Vexatious More information COST AND FEE ALLOCATION IN CIVIL PROCEDURE
International Academy of Comparative Law 18th World Congress Washington D.C. July 21-31, 2010 Topic II.C.1 COST AND FEE ALLOCATION IN CIVIL PROCEDURE General Reporter: Mathias Reimann University of Michigan More information The Credit Reporting Act
1 CREDIT REPORTING c. C-43.2 The Credit Reporting Act being Chapter C-43.2 of The Statutes of Saskatchewan, 2004 (effective March 1, 2005). NOTE: This consolidation is not official. Amendments have been More information SASKATOON CRIMINAL DEFENCE LAWYERS ASSOCIATION. 2011 PROVINCIAL COURT COMMISSION for SASKATCHEWAN
SUBMISSION of the SASKATOON CRIMINAL DEFENCE LAWYERS ASSOCIATION TO THE 2011 PROVINCIAL COURT COMMISSION for SASKATCHEWAN November 15, 2011 Contact Information: Andrew Mason, Co-ordinator Saskatoon Criminal More information How bankruptcy affects student loan debt
June 1, 2014 Bankruptcy and Student Loans This guidebook gives you information about getting repayment assistance for your student loans. It also tells you how to apply to the court for release of your More information SENATE BILL 1486 AN ACT
Senate Engrossed State of Arizona Senate Forty-fifth Legislature First Regular Session 0 SENATE BILL AN ACT AMENDING SECTION -, ARIZONA REVISED STATUTES, AS AMENDED BY LAWS 00, CHAPTER, SECTION ; AMENDING More information RULE 63 DIVORCE AND FAMILY LAW
RULE 63 DIVORCE AND FAMILY LAW Definitions (1) In this rule, Application claim for relief includes a child support order, a spousal support order, a custody order, a property order, and corollary relief More information Family Law Client Information Package
Family Law Client Information Package The end of a relationship can be very difficult. In addition to the obvious emotional issues, couples are often faced with challenging financial and legal problems. More information Bill 34 The New Limitation Act: Significant Changes and Transition Issues Explained
Bill 34 The New Limitation Act: Significant Changes and Transition Issues Explained A Presentation for CLE Employment Law Conference 2013 Pan Pacific Hotel Vancouver, BC May 9, 2013 Carman J. Overholt, More information Interjurisdictional Support Orders Act
Interjurisdictional Support Orders Act CHAPTER 9 OF THE ACTS OF 2002 as amended by 2002, c. 30, s. 9; 2012, c. 24; 2012, c. 62 2013 Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Nova Scotia Published More information COST AND FEE ALLOCATION IN CIVIL PROCEDURE
International Academy of Comparative Law 18th World Congress Washington D.C. July 21-31, 2010 Topic II.C.1 COST AND FEE ALLOCATION IN CIVIL PROCEDURE National Reporter - Slovenia: Nina Betetto Supreme More information CHAPTER 16 THIRD PARTY / OUT-OF-PROVINCE CLAIMS
CHAPTER 16 THIRD PARTY / OUT-OF-PROVINCE CLAIMS #110.00 INTRODUCTION A worker who suffers injury or disease as a result of employment may be entitled to compensation from sources other than the Workers More information COURT AND TRIBUNAL FEE WAIVER AND EXEMPTION GUIDE
Queensland Public Interest Law Clearing House Inc COURT AND TRIBUNAL FEE WAIVER AND EXEMPTION GUIDE January 2006 3 rd Edition Preface The Queensland Public Interest Law Clearing House (QPILCH) refers requests More information IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF FULTON C STATE OF GEORGIA. AMENDED ORDER Il\1PLElVIENTING ELECTRONIC-FILING FOR CIVIL CASES
IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF FULTON C STATE OF GEORGIA In re: ) ) CERTAIN LITIGATION ) ) In the Superior Court of Fulton County ) ) DEPUTY CLEr~K SUPERIOR COURT FULTON COUNTY, GA AMENDED ORDER Il\1PLElVIENTING More information The Court of Protection Rules 2007
STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS 2007 No. 1744 (L. 12) MENTAL CAPACITY, ENGLAND AND WALES The Court of Protection Rules 2007 Made - - - - - 25th June 2007 Laid before Parliament 4th July 2007 Coming into force - More information ORDER MO-2206 Appeal MA06-386-2 City of Ottawa
ORDER MO-2206 Appeal MA06-386-2 City of Ottawa Tribunal Services Department Services de tribunal administratif 2 Bloor Street East 2, rue Bloor Est Suite 1400 Bureau 1400 Toronto, Ontario Toronto (Ontario) More information The Emergency Protection for Victims of Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation Act
EMERGENCY PROTECTION FOR VICTIMS 1 The Emergency Protection for Victims of Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation Act being Chapter E-8.2 of the Statutes of Saskatchewan, 2002 (effective October 1, 2002) More information LIMITATIONS. The Limitations Act. being
1 LIMITATIONS c. L-16.1 The Limitations Act being Chapter L-16.1* of The Statutes of Saskatchewan, 2004 (effective May 1, 2005), as amended by the Statutes of Saskatchewan, 2007, c.28. *NOTE: Pursuant More information IN THE COURT OF QUEEN S BENCH OF ALBERTA JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF EDMONTON TANYA LABONTE, JESSE STECHYNSKY AND RHONDA MCPHEE. - and
IN THE COURT OF QUEEN S BENCH OF ALBERTA JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF EDMONTON Action No. 0403-12898 B E T W E E N : TANYA LABONTE, JESSE STECHYNSKY AND RHONDA MCPHEE Plaintiffs - and HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN More information HP0868, LD 1187, item 1, 123rd Maine State Legislature An Act To Recoup Health Care Funds through the Maine False Claims Act
PLEASE NOTE: Legislative Information cannot perform research, provide legal advice, or interpret Maine law. For legal assistance, please contact a qualified attorney. Be it enacted by the People of the More information Rule 60A - Child and Adult Protection
Rule 60A - Child and Adult Protection Scope of Rule 60A 60A.01(1) This Rule is divided into four parts and it provides procedure for each of the following: (c) (d) protection of a child, and other purposes, More information Dependant Support Claim Against an Estate. 1. Review the legislation and case law and identify relevant information and documentation
Dependant Support Claim Against an Estate 1. Review the legislation and case law and identify relevant information and documentation Review Part V of the Succession Law Reform Act (the "SLRA"), titled More information SEAFARER SUBJECT GUIDE
USING LAWYERS IN NAMIBIA This Guide deals in general terms with using lawyers in Namibia. It aims to help a seafarer understand the legal profession in Namibia, and how to select, engage and if need be, More information IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DOROTHY YOUNG SHELL CANADA LIMITED. Brought under the Class Proceedings Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c.
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA No. L021060 Vancouver Registry Between: And: DOROTHY YOUNG SHELL CANADA LIMITED Brought under the Class Proceedings Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 50 Plaintiff Defendant More information What Happens If I Cannot Keep Up With My Debt Payments?
What Happens If I Cannot Keep Up With My Debt Payments? Owing money is called being in debt. It can be stressful if you are having trouble keeping up with your bill payments, or you are worried about being More information INFORMATION NOTE. Scope of legal aid services in selected places
california legislature 2015 16 regular session ASSEMBLY BILL No. 597 Introduced by Assembly Member Cooley February 24, 2015 An act to amend Sections 36 and 877 of, and to add Chapter 6 (commencing with More information IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Citation: Between: And Richard v. British Columbia, 2014 BCSC 1290 William Joseph Richard and W.H.M. Date: 20140714 Docket: S024338 Registry: Vancouver Plaintiffs More information PLEASE NOTE. For more information concerning the history of this Act, please see the Table of Public Acts.
PLEASE NOTE This document, prepared by the Legislative Counsel Office, is an office consolidation of this Act, current to December 19, 2009. It is intended for information and reference purposes only. More information ESTATE PLANNING. Ian M. Hull and Nick Esterbauer. Hull & Hull LLP Barristers and Solicitors
ESTATE PLANNING Ian M. Hull and Nick Esterbauer Ian M. Hull Tel: (416) 369-7826 Fax: (416) 369-1517 Email: ihull@hullandhull.com Nick Esterbauer Tel: (416) 640-4818 Fax: (416) 369-1517 Email: nesterbauer@hullandhull.com More information PUBLIC INTEREST DISCLOSURE (WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION) ACT
Province of Alberta Statutes of Alberta, Current as of June 1, 2013 Office Consolidation Published by Alberta Queen s Printer Alberta Queen s Printer 7 th Floor, Park Plaza 10611-98 Avenue Edmonton, AB More information COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS JUVENILE COURT DEPARTMENT JUVENILE COURT RULES
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS JUVENILE COURT DEPARTMENT JUVENILE COURT RULES FOR THE CARE AND PROTECTION OF CHILDREN Rule 1. Scope of Rules These rules apply to all actions in the Juvenile Court Department More information VICTIMS RESTITUTION AND COMPENSATION PAYMENT ACT
Province of Alberta VICTIMS RESTITUTION AND COMPENSATION Statutes of Alberta, Current as of December 17, 2014 Office Consolidation Published by Alberta Queen s Printer Alberta Queen s Printer 7 th Floor, More information Courts & Our Legal System
Courts & Our Legal System 2012 (Version 1.0) This booklet has been prepared, published and distributed by the Public Legal Education Association of Saskatchewan (PLEA). The purpose of PLEA and this booklet More information SPECIAL CIVIL A GUIDE TO THE COURT
NEW JERSEY JUDICIARY SPECIAL CIVIL A GUIDE TO THE COURT Superior Court of New Jersey Law Division Special Civil Part Special Civil A Guide to the Court page 1 Special Civil is a court of limited jurisdiction More information VICTIMS OF CRIME ACT
Province of Alberta VICTIMS OF CRIME ACT Revised Statutes of Alberta 2000 Current as of November 1, 2013 Office Consolidation Published by Alberta Queen s Printer Alberta Queen s Printer 7 th Floor, Park More information Access to Justice Scorecard Report
advocacywhere we stand Access to Justice Scorecard Report Contents 1. Introduction... 2 2. Overview of survey questions asked and responses received... 2 3. Laws that are fair... 3 3.1. Examples of good More information Chapter 26. Litigation guardians. CONTENTS Introduction 570 Current law 570 Community responses 571 The Commission s views and conclusions 573
6 CONTENTS Introduction 570 Current law 570 Community responses 571 The Commission s views and conclusions 573 569 Introduction 26.1 This chapter deals with the ability of substitute decision makers to More information SMALL CLAIMS RULES. (d) Record of Proceedings. A record shall be made of all small claims court proceedings.
SMALL CLAIMS RULES Rule 501. Scope and Purpose (a) How Known and Cited. These rules for the small claims division for the county court are additions to C.R.C.P. and shall be known and cited as the Colorado More information LIMITED SCOPE REPRESENTATION
LIMITED SCOPE REPRESENTATION Section _.1 What is Limit Scope Representation Section _.2 Scope of Representation Rule 4-1.2(c) Section _.3 Communication Rule 4-1.2(e) Section _.4 Appearance and Withdrawal More information Assume that the following clause was included in the retainer agreement between SK Firm LLP and the Corporation (the Relieving Clause ):
ETHICAL SCENARIO #3 I. FACT PATTERN A Saskatchewan law firm ( SK Firm LLP ) acts on behalf of an out of province (e.g. national) corporation (the Corporation ). SK Firm LLP s role has been solely to file More information TEACHERS ACT [SBC 2011] Chapter 19. Contents PART 1 - DEFINITIONS
[SBC 2011] Chapter 19 Contents 1 Definitions PART 1 - DEFINITIONS PART 2 COMMISSIONER AND DIRECTOR OF CERTIFICATION 2 Appointment of commissioner 3 Commissioner s power to delegate 4 Recommendations about More information ASSEMBLY BILL No. 597
AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY APRIL 14, 2015 california legislature 2015 16 regular session ASSEMBLY BILL No. 597 Introduced by Assembly Member Cooley February 24, 2015 An act to amend Sections 36 and 877 of, and More information FAMILY COURT PRACTICE NOTE LAWYER FOR THE CHILD: SELECTION, APPOINTMENT AND OTHER MATTERS
PRINCIPAL FAMILY COURT JUDGE S CHAMBERS FAMILY COURT PRACTICE NOTE LAWYER FOR THE CHILD: SELECTION, APPOINTMENT AND OTHER MATTERS 1 BACKGROUND 1.1 The terms of this Practice Note have been settled in consultation More information The Private Investigators and Security Guards Regulations, 2000
1 AND SECURITY GUARDS, 2000 P-26.01 REG 1 The Private Investigators and Security Guards Regulations, 2000 being Chapter P-26.01 Reg 1 (effective October 1, 2000) as amended by Saskatchewan Regulations More information Legal Aid Ontario. Complex Case Rate (CCR) policy
Legal Aid Ontario Complex Case Rate (CCR) policy Legal Aid Ontario Complex Case Rate (CCR) policy Title: Complex Case Rate (CCR) policy Author: Legal Aid Ontario Last updated: June 13, 2012 Table of Contents More information JUSTICE COURT # 2 GRAHAM COUNTY STATE OF ARIZONA P.O. BOX 1159, 136 WEST CENTER STREET, PIMA AZ 85543 PHONE (928) 485-2771 FAX (928) 485-9961
JUSTICE COURT # 2 GRAHAM COUNTY STATE OF ARIZONA P.O. BOX 1159, 136 WEST CENTER STREET, PIMA AZ 85543 PHONE (928) 485-2771 FAX (928) 485-9961 SMALL CLAIMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING ***EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, More information S.116 Of The Courts of Justice Act Can Defendants Impose A Structured Settlement on the Plaintiff? Robert Roth
S.116 Of The Courts of Justice Act Can Defendants Impose A Structured Settlement on the Plaintiff? Robert Roth Historically, at common law, a plaintiff was not obliged to accept a structured settlement, More information LOCAL RULES SUPERIOR COURT of CALIFORNIA, COUNTY of ORANGE DIVISION 7 FAMILY LAW
DIVISION 7 FAMILY LAW Rule Effective 700. Subject Matter of the Family Law Court 07/01/2011 700.5 Attorneys and Self Represented Parties 07/01/2011 700.6 Family Law Filings 01/01/2012 701. Assignment of More information BEXAR COUNTY CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURTS PLAN STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES RELATED TO APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL FOR INDIGENT DEFENDANTS
BEXAR COUNTY CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURTS PLAN STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES RELATED TO APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL FOR INDIGENT DEFENDANTS The following Local Rules replace the current local rules, Part 5, Section More information SECOND REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON LAW AMENDMENTS. Third Session. Fifty-sixth Legislative Assembly. of the. Province of New Brunswick
SECOND REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON LAW AMENDMENTS Third Session Fifty-sixth Legislative Assembly of the Province of New Brunswick May 12, 2009 MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE Hon. Mr. Burke, Q.C., Chair More information Guidelines for Guardians ad Litem for Children in Family Court
Guidelines for Guardians ad Litem for Children in Family Court Preamble The following are guidelines for attorneys and non-lawyer volunteers appointed as guardians ad litem for children in most family More information USING LAWYERS IN HONG KONG
USING LAWYERS IN HONG KONG This Guide deals in general terms with using lawyers in Hong Kong. It aims to help a seafarer understand the legal profession in Hong Kong, and how to select, engage and if need More information Tenant Advocacy Practice Note 13-02 Residential tenancies and the Australian Consumer Law
Tenant Advocacy Practice Note 13-02 Residential tenancies and the Australian Consumer Law Background Residential tenancies are primarily regulated by the Residential Tenancies Act 1997 (the RTA). However, More information UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA Richmond Division
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA Richmond Division INFORMATION ON REPRESENTING YOURSELF (PRO SE) IN A CIVIL ACTION INTRODUCTION The following instructions have been compiled to More information Suits by or Against Persons in Military Service
Ch. 6 Part A] CHAPTER 6 Suits by or Against Persons in Military Service Part A AMENABILITY TO THE CIVIL COURTS OF PERSONS SUBJECT TO MILITARY LAW 1. Jurisdiction of Civil Courts All persons belonging to More information Costs in the Supreme Court
Costs in the Supreme Court This guidebook provides an overview of the procedure for assessing costs in a Supreme Court action. Costs are usually awarded to the party who is successful at trial. They are More information reporting requirements see AAMOL article: The Regulations are in for the Ontario Estate Administration Tax Act.
Probate overview This Tax Topic will examine the recent developments in the area of probate fees. In the first of a two part series on this topic, the history of probate fees will be reviewed. As well, More information DRN. Guide to a Debt Relief Notice
nseirbhís Dócmhainneachta na héirea DRN Guide to a Debt Relief Notice n Insolvency Service of Ireland A Debt Relief Notice enables an eligible insolvent debtor with limited disposable income and assets More information Choosing Small Claims or Fast Track Litigation
Choosing Small Claims or Taking your dispute to court can be a complicated and lengthy process. If your Supreme Court claim is for an amount under $100,000, or if it can be tried in 3 days or less, there More information The Mortgage Brokerages and Mortgage Administrators Act
MORTGAGE BROKERAGES AND 1 The Mortgage Brokerages and Mortgage Administrators Act being Chapter M-20.1* of The Statutes of Saskatchewan, 2007 (effective October 1, 2010), as amended by the Statutes of More information SASKATCHEWAN OFFICE OF THE INFORMATION AND PRIVACY COMMISSIONER INVESTIGATION REPORT F-2012 003. Saskatchewan Workers Compensation Board
Date: August 29, 2012 File No.: 2008/101 SASKATCHEWAN OFFICE OF THE INFORMATION AND PRIVACY COMMISSIONER INVESTIGATION REPORT F-2012 003 Saskatchewan Workers Compensation Board Summary: The Commissioner More information Defending an Action Started by a Notice of Civil Claim
Defending an Action Started by a Notice of Civil Claim This guidebook (along with the guidebook Starting an Action by Notice of Civil Claim) will assist you in defending a lawsuit started against you in More information ORDER MO-1401. Appeal MA_000155_1. City of Toronto
ORDER MO-1401 Appeal MA_000155_1 City of Toronto NATURE OF THE APPEAL: The City of Toronto (the City) received a request under the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (the Act). More information NC General Statutes - Chapter 55 Article 14 1
Article 14. Dissolution. Part 1. Voluntary Dissolution. 55-14-01. Dissolution by incorporators or directors. (a) The board of directors or, if the corporation has no directors, a majority of the incorporators More information FAMILY LAW AMENDMENT (ARBITRATION AND OTHER MEASURES) RULES 2015 EXPLANATORY STATEMENT. Explanatory Statement to F2015L02119
FAMILY LAW AMENDMENT (ARBITRATION AND OTHER MEASURES) RULES 2015 EXPLANATORY STATEMENT 1 Table of Contents 1. GENERAL OUTLINE 4 Schedule 1 Amendments relating to arbitration 4 Schedule 2 Amendments relating More information What Is Small Claims Court? Small Claims Court Self-Help Guide
Small Claims Court What Is Small Claims Court? Small Claims Court Self-Help Guide 1 Justice Court Services Information Resources Whitehorse, Yukon Yukon Government Consumer Services 867-667 - 5111; toll More information Criminal Injuries Compensation Act 1995 (c. 53)
Criminal Injuries Compensation Act 1995 (c. 53) 1995 c. 53 - continued back to previous page An Act to provide for the establishment of a scheme for compensation for criminal injuries. [8th November 1995] More information NC General Statutes - Chapter 93A Article 2 1
Article 2. Real Estate Education and Recovery Fund. 93A-16. Real Estate Education and Recovery Fund created; payment to fund; management. (a) There is hereby created a special fund to be known as the "Real More information TEMPLE LITIGATION ADVANTAGE INSURANCE FOR DISBURSEMENTS AND OPPONENT S COSTS Certificate of Insurance
TEMPLE LITIGATION ADVANTAGE INSURANCE FOR DISBURSEMENTS AND OPPONENT S COSTS Certificate of Insurance In return for the payment of the Premium specified in the Schedule and based on any Information that More information What is taxation of costs?
This leaflet is designed to provide you with a brief outline of the practice and procedure of the High Court and the District Court on taxation of costs in civil proceedings. You should read Order 62 of More information GUARDIANSHIP OF ADULTS
Taylor Cochr ane Making Service A Matter of Practice Since 1835 GUARDIANSHIP OF ADULTS The material in this booklet is a compilation of in house materials developed by Taylor MacLellan and three brochures More information The Employment Tribunals Rules of Procedure 2013
The Employment Tribunals Rules of Procedure 2013 (as subsequently amended up to 17 th February 2015) This document shows the Employment Tribunal Rules of Procedure contained in Schedule 1 of the Employment More information The Youth Drug Detoxification and Stabilization Act
YOUTH DRUG DETOXIFICATION 1 The Youth Drug Detoxification and Stabilization Act being Chapter Y-1.1* of The Statutes of Saskatchewan, 2005 (effective April 1, 2006) as amended by The Statutes of Saskatchewan, More information PACKET 9. Forms for a Petition for Temporary Custody When:
PACKET 9 Forms for a Petition for Temporary Custody When: 1. You are Extended Family or you reasonably believe that you are the father of the Minor Child(ren) 2. The child(ren) reside with you. EIGHTH More information !" #$ % # $ ##!# & '((!) * % ( * % '+ ( ((* % ,-- (- (. ) * % '(. ). * % () ) ( / &0#!!0 &102!
!"#$ % $!&& !" #$ % # $ ##!# & '((! * % ( * % '((* % '+ ( ((* %,-- (- (. * % '(.. * % ( ( / &0#!!0 &102! '! ( * +,., 3 4 5 6 (- - 7 768 4 6 74 4 9(: ;9 (%- ( 8:< 4,=. 4 8 #-!.. (?. +. @. (.. @ '+. (7(.. More information FEDERAL COURT. FIRST NATIONS CHILD AND FAMILY CARING SOCIETY Applicant NOTICE OF APPLICATION
Court File No. T- 00-11 FEDERAL COURT B TAT F, E N : FIRST NATIONS CHILD AND FAMILY CARING SOCIETY Applicant - and - ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA, ASSEMBLY OF FIRST NATIONS, ANADIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION, More information Chapter 7 Liquidation Under the Bankruptcy Code
From Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Bankruptcy Basics, Public Information Series. Chapter 7 Liquidation Under the Bankruptcy Code The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for "liquidation," More information What is Small Claims Court?
Small Claims Court What is Small Claims Court? Inside this guide: Introduction What kinds of cases go to Small Claims Court? How much will it cost me to make or defend a claim in the Small Claims Court? More information CATEGORIES OF ACCESS JUSTICE LAWYERS
CATEGORIES OF ACCESS JUSTICE LAWYERS Area of Law OVERVIEW Explanation There are five main categories for Area of Law: Criminal, Family, Immigration, Mediation, and Civil. Civil is broken down into several More information RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE. August 20, 2015
RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE August 20, 2015 INDEX PART 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 PART 2 GENERAL RULES... 2 Rule 1 How the Rules are Applied... 2 Applying the Rules... 2 Conflict with the Act... 2 Rule 2 More information NC General Statutes - Chapter 105A 1
Chapter 105A. Setoff Debt Collection Act. Article 1. In General. 105A-1. Purposes. The purpose of this Chapter is to establish as policy that all claimant agencies and the Department of Revenue shall cooperate More information SOLICITORS COSTS - TAXATION GUIDELINES
1. Basis of taxation: SOLICITORS COSTS - TAXATION GUIDELINES On a taxation, a Taxing Master will allow a reasonable amount in respect of all costs reasonably incurred. The rules provide two bases of taxation, More information 2017 © DocPlayer.net Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Feedback