Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section857&num=0&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2020-08-13 03:36:52
Document Index: 751620021

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 57', '§ 857', 'Art. 57', '§2', '§5', '§1064', '§1121', '§5302', '§1', 'Art. 57', '§1121', '§1121']

[USC02] 10 USC 857: Art. 57. Effective date of sentences
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10 USC 857: Art. 57. Effective date of sentences Text contains those laws in effect on August 11, 2020
(a) Execution of Sentences.-A court-martial sentence shall be executed and take effect as follows:
(1) Forfeiture and reduction.-A forfeiture of pay or allowances shall be applicable to pay and allowances accruing on and after the date on which the sentence takes effect. Any forfeiture of pay or allowances or reduction in grade that is included in a sentence of a court-martial takes effect on the earlier of-
(2) Confinement.-Any period of confinement included in a sentence of a court-martial begins to run from the date the sentence is adjudged by the court-martial, but periods during which the sentence to confinement is suspended or deferred shall be excluded in computing the service of the term of confinement.
(3) Approval of sentence of death.-If the sentence of the court-martial extends to death, that part of the sentence providing for death may not be executed until approved by the President. In such a case, the President may commute, remit, or suspend the sentence, or any part thereof, as the President sees fit. That part of the sentence providing for death may not be suspended.
(4) Approval of dismissal.-If in the case of a commissioned officer, cadet, or midshipman, the sentence of a court-martial extends to dismissal, that part of the sentence providing for dismissal may not be executed until approved by the Secretary concerned or such Under Secretary or Assistant Secretary as may be designated by the Secretary concerned. In such a case, the Secretary, Under Secretary, or Assistant Secretary, as the case may be, may commute, remit, or suspend the sentence, or any part of the sentence, as the Secretary sees fit. In time of war or national emergency he may commute a sentence of dismissal to reduction to any enlisted grade. A person so reduced may be required to serve for the duration of the war or emergency and six months thereafter.
(5) Completion of appellate review.-If a sentence extends to death, dismissal, or a dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge, that part of the sentence extending to death, dismissal, or a dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge may be executed, in accordance with service regulations, after completion of appellate review (and, with respect to death or dismissal, approval under paragraph (3) or (4), as appropriate).
(6) Other sentences.-Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a general or special court-martial sentence is effective upon entry of judgment and a summary court-martial sentence is effective when the convening authority acts on the sentence.
(b) Deferral of Sentences.-
(1) In general.-On application by an accused, the convening authority or, if the accused is no longer under his or her jurisdiction, the officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction over the command to which the accused is currently assigned, may, in his or her sole discretion, defer the effective date of a sentence of confinement, reduction, or forfeiture. The deferment shall terminate upon entry of judgment or, in the case of a summary court-martial, when the convening authority acts on the sentence. The deferment may be rescinded at any time by the officer who granted it or, if the accused is no longer under his jurisdiction, by the officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction over the command to which the accused is currently assigned.
(2) Deferral of certain persons sentenced to confinement.-In any case in which a court-martial sentences a person referred to in paragraph (3) to confinement, the convening authority may defer the service of the sentence to confinement, without the consent of that person, until after the person has been permanently released to the armed forces by a State or foreign country referred to in that paragraph.
(3) Covered persons.-Paragraph (2) applies to a person subject to this chapter who-
(4) State defined.-In this subsection, the term "State" includes the District of Columbia and any Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
(5) Deferral while review pending.-In any case in which a court-martial sentences a person to confinement, but in which review of the case under section 867(a)(2) of this title (article 67(a)(2)) is pending, the Secretary concerned may defer further service of the sentence to confinement while that review is pending.
(c) Appellate Review.-
(1) Completion of appellate review.-Appellate review is complete under this section when-
(B) a review under section 866 of this title (article 66) is completed by a Court of Criminal Appeals and-
(iii) review is completed in accordance with the judgment of the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces and-
(2) Completion as final judgment of legality of proceedings.-The completion of appellate review shall constitute a final judgment as to the legality of the proceedings.
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 56 ; Pub. L. 90–632, §2(24), Oct. 24, 1968, 82 Stat. 1341 ; Pub. L. 98–209, §5(f), Dec. 6, 1983, 97 Stat. 1400 ; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1064, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2505 ; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XI, §§1121(a), 1123(a)(1), (2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 462–464 ; Pub. L. 114–328, div. E, title LVIII, §5302(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2921 .)
May 5, 1950, ch. 169, §1 (Art. 57), 64 Stat. 126 .
2016-Pub. L. 114–328 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to effective date of sentences.
1996-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–106, §1121(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "No forfeiture may extend to any pay or allowances accrued before the date on which the sentence is approved by the person acting under section 860(c) of this title (article 60(c))."
1992-Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–484 added subsec. (e).
1983-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–209 substituted provision that no forfeiture may extend to any pay or allowances accrued before the date on which the sentence is approved by the person acting under section 860(c) of this title, for provision that whenever a sentence of a court-martial as lawfully adjudged and approved included a forfeiture of pay or allowances in addition to confinement not suspended or deferred, the forfeiture could apply to pay or allowances becoming due on or after the date the sentence was approved by the convening authority, and that no forfeiture could extend to any pay or allowances accrued before that date.
1968-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–632 inserted reference to deferral of sentence of confinement.
Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XI, §1121(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 462 , provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to a case in which a sentence is adjudged by a court-martial on or after the first day of the first month that begins at least 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 10, 1996]."