Source: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/57000032/Optimized-Perfumery-For-Rinse-off-Products---Patent-7517840
Timestamp: 2014-10-01 05:22:37
Document Index: 233664708

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 2004', 'arts 4', 'arts 15', 'arts 8', 'arts 16', 'arts 34', 'ARTS 100', 'arts 0', 'arts 85', 'arts 4', 'arts 3', 'arts 0', 'arts 5', 'arts 100', 'arts 100', 'arts 0', 'arts 30', 'arts 3', 'arts 12', 'arts 34', 'arts 83', 'arts 100']

United States Patent: 7517840
7,517,840
Optimized perfumery for rinse-off products
Perfume compositions and method of formulating perfume compositions
designed for use in rinse-off or high dilution systems provide a
sustained linear release and/or a delayed release, with the odorants
selected according to their mass transfer values, odor detection
thresholds and/or calculated odor indices.
Fadel; Addi (Shelton, CT), Turk; Richard (Plymouth, MA), Mudge; Grant (West Redding, CT), Mattila; Jill (Greensboro, NC), Goberdhan; Veronica (Fairfield, CT)
11/400,323
512/1 510/101
2005/0096252
2007/0042934
2007/0099804
2008/0176781
1 297 854
1 340 741
University of Georgia Engineering Dept., Conserving Water at Home, Circular 819-1, Apr. 1991, published at
http://www.engr.uga.edu/service/extension/publications/c819-1.html. cited by other.
1.  A method of formulating a perfume composition for rinse-off or high dilution systems, comprising: calculating water release (.OMEGA.) values for a group of odorants;
selecting at least three odorants eluting from different water release, .OMEGA., value ranges selected from the group consisting of range 1, .OMEGA.  value from and including 10 and greater, range 2, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.07 to 10, range 3,
.OMEGA.  value from and including 0.007 and to 0.07, range 4, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.0005 to 0.007, range 5, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.00003 to 0.0005, and range 6, .OMEGA.  value of less than 0.00003 including the selected
odorants in the perfume composition for a rinse-off or high dilution system to provide a linear release of a perfume note during use.
2.  The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of selecting at least one odorant eluting from water release value range selected from the group consisting of range 1, range 2, and range 3.
3.  The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: calculating acceleration (.GAMMA.) values for a group of odorants;  and selecting at least one odorant having an acceleration (.GAMMA.) value of from about 100 to about 1000
cm/sec.sup.2.
4.  The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: calculating values of odor detection threshold in water, odor detection threshold in air, odor index in water, and odor index in air for a group of odorants;  and selecting at least one
odorant having a value selected from the group consisting of an odor detection threshold in water of about 50 parts per billion or less, an odor index value in water of about 50 parts per billion or less, an odor detection threshold in air of about 0.025
mg/m.sup.3 or less, and an odor index in air of about 0.025 mg/m.sup.3 or less, and combinations of these.
5.  The method of claim 1, wherein the selected odorants comprise at least about 30% of the perfume composition.
6.  The method of claim 1, wherein the selected odorants comprise at least about 40% of the perfume composition.
7.  A method of formulating a perfume composition for rinse-off or high dilution systems, comprising: calculating values of water release (.OMEGA.), acceleration (.GAMMA.), odor detection threshold in water, odor detection threshold in air, odor
index in water, and odor index in air for a group of odorants;  selecting at least three odorants eluting from different water release (.OMEGA.) value ranges selected from the group consisting of range 1, .OMEGA.  value from and including 10 and greater,
range 2, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.07 to 10, range 3, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.007 and to 0.07, range 4, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.0005 to 0.007, range 5, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.00003 to 0.0005, and range 6,
.OMEGA.  value of less than 0.00003, wherein at least one of the selected odorants elutes from either range 1, range 2, or range 3;  selecting at least on odorant having an acceleration (.GAMMA.) value of from about 100 to about 1000 cm/sec2, selecting
at least one odorant having a property selected from the group consisting of an odor detection threshold in water of about 50 parts per billion or less, an odor index value in water of about 50 parts per billion or less, an odor detection threshold in
air of about 0.025 mg/m3 or less, and an odor index in air of about 0.025 mg/m3 or less, and combinations of these;  and including the selected odorants in the perfume composition to provide a linear release of a perfume note during use of the system,
wherein the selected odorants comprise a least about 30% of the perfume composition.
8.  The method of claim 7, wherein the selected odorants comprise at least about 40% of the perfume composition.
9.  A method of formulating a perfume composition for rinse-off or high dilution systems, comprising: calculating water release (.OMEGA.) values for a group of odorants;  selecting at least two odorants eluting from water release (.OMEGA.) value
ranges selected from the group consisting of range 4, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.0005 to 0.007, range 5, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.00003 to 0.0005, and range 6, .OMEGA.  value of less than 0.00003;  and placing the selected odorants in
the perfume composition for a rinse-off or high dilution system to provide a delayed release of a perfume note during use.
10.  The method of claim 9, comprising selecting at least three odorants eluting from water release (.OMEGA.) value ranges selected from the group consisting of range 4, range 5 and range 6.
11.  The method of claim 9, comprising selecting at least two odorants eluting from water release (.OMEGA.) value ranges selected from the group consisting of range 5 and range 6.
12.  The method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of: calculating acceleration (.GAMMA.) values for a group of odorants;  and selecting at least one odorant having an acceleration (.GAMMA.) value of from about 100 to about 1000
13.  The method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of: calculating values of odor detection threshold in water, odor detection threshold in air, odor index in water, and odor index in air for a group of odorants;  and selecting at least
one odorant having a property selected from the group consisting of an odor detection threshold in water of about 50 parts per billion or less, an odor index value in water of about 50 parts per billion or less, an odor detection threshold in air of
about 0.025 mg/m.sup.3 or less, and an odor index in air of about 0.025 mg/m.sup.3 or less, and combinations of these.
14.  The method of claim 9, wherein the selected odorants comprise at least about 30% of the perfume composition.
15.  A method of claim 9, wherein the odorants comprise at least about 40% of the perfume composition.
16.  A method of formulating a perfume composition for rinse-off or high dilution systems, comprising: calculating values of water release (.OMEGA.), acceleration (.GAMMA.), odor detection threshold in water, odor detection threshold in air,
odor index in water, and odor index in air for a group of odorants;  selecting at least two odorants eluting from different water release (.OMEGA.) value ranges selected from the group consisting of range 4, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.0005 to
0.007, range 5, .OMEGA.  value from and including 0.00003 to 0.0005, and range 6, .OMEGA.  value of less than 0.00003;  selecting at least on odorant having an acceleration (.GAMMA.) value of from about 100 to about 1000 cm/sec.sup.2, selecting at least
about 0.025 mg/m3 or less, and an odor index in air of about 0.025 mg/m.sup.3 or less, and combinations of these;  and combining the selected odorants to comprise at least about 30% of the perfume composition to provide a delayed release of a perfume
note during use of the system.
17.  The method of claim 16, comprising selecting at least three odorants eluting from water release (.OMEGA.) value ranges selected from the group consisting of range 4, range 5 and range 6.
18.  The method of claim 16, comprising selecting at least two odorants eluting from water release (.OMEGA.) value ranges selected from the group consisting of range 5 and range 6.
19.  The method of claim 16, wherein the selected odorants comprise at least about 40% of the perfume composition.
20.  The method of claim 16, comprising selecting at least three odorants eluting from water release (.OMEGA.) value ranges selected from the group consisting of range 5 and range 6.  Description
The present invention relates to perfume systems.  More particularly, the present invention relates to the optimization of perfumes used in high water dilution conditions and/or rinse-off applications.
Fragrances are an important part of cosmetic compositions since their primary role is to create an agreeable sensory experience for their consumer, in addition to providing malodor coverage or other more functional roles.
Perfumes are composed of odorants with a wide range of chemical properties including molecular weights, vapor pressures and diffusivities as well as different polarities and chemical functionalities.  Using these different properties, one can
Fragrance materials are generally small molecular weight substances with a vapor pressure that allows their molecules to evaporate, become airborne, and eventually reach the olfactory organ of a living entity.
There are a variety of different fragrance materials with different functional groups and molecular weights, both of which affect their vapor pressures and hence the ease with which they can be sensed.
Odorants used in perfumery offer a wide array of polarity ranging from the somewhat water miscible to the water immiscible chemical compounds.  Perfumery in the various wash-off applications spanning from cosmetic to industrial and household have
different functionalities and must be engineered to fulfill certain needs and objectives.  Perfumes&#39; effect and quality during use plays a big role in the consumer&#39;s purchase intent as well and the desire of the consumer to purchase the product again.
Prior art pertaining to perfumery for water based rinse-off applications deals largely with general physical properties of odorants such as boiling point and clogP values.  U.S.  Pat.  No. 6,143,707 discloses automatic dishwashing detergent with
what is defined as blooming fragrance compositions by the authors.  These perfumes contain so-called &quot;blooming perfume ingredients,&quot; and optional &quot;delayed blooming&quot; ingredients as well as &quot;non-blooming ingredients.&quot; &quot;Blooming&quot; odorants were chosen based
on their clogP and boiling point values.  The logP value of an odorant is defined as the ratio between its equilibrium concentration in octanol and in water.  The logP value of many of the fragrance materials have been reported and are available in
databases such as the Pomona92 database, the Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc, Irvine, Calif.  The logP can also be very conveniently calculated using the fragment approach of Hansch and Leo.  See A. Leo, Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.
4, C. Hansch et al. p 295, Pergamon press, 1990.  These logP values are referred to as clogP values.  Odorants thought to result in bloom in water dilutions are thought to have clogP of at least 3.0 and boiling points of less than 260.degree.  C.
The same rationale for dishwashing liquids with blooming perfumes was also filed in U.S.  Patent Application No. 2004/0138078.  EP Patent No. 0888440B1 relates to a glass cleaning composition containing &quot;blooming perfumes&quot; based on criteria
mentioned above.  U.S.  Pat.  No. 6,601,789 discloses toilet bowl cleaning compositions also containing &quot;blooming perfumes&quot; made of odorants chosen based on their clogP values of at least 3.0 and boiling points of less that 260.degree.  C. Odorants with
delayed bloom are thought to have a clogP of less than 3.0 and boiling point values less than 250.degree.  C.
A method of formulating a perfume composition for rinse-off or high dilution systems, comprising calculating water release (.OMEGA.) values for a group of odorants, selecting at least two odorants based on these values and their elution from
specific water release groups, and placing the odorants in the perfume composition for a rinse-off or high dilution system to provide a delayed release of perfume therefrom, is provided.
A method of formulating a perfume composition for rinse-off or high dilution systems, comprising calculating water release (.OMEGA.  values for a group of odorants, selecting at least three odorants having different values and eluting in
different release groups, and placing the odorants in the perfume composition for a rinse-off or high dilution system to provide a sustained linear release of perfume therefrom, is provided.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing odorants&#39; residence time in headspace according to their .GAMMA.  values.
FIG. 2 shows the predicted tertiary structure for hOBP.sub.IIa.alpha..
FIG. 3 shows the modeled binding site for hOBP.sub.IIa.alpha..
FIG. 4 is shows a docked conformation of 1-undecanal in the hOBP.sub.IIa.alpha.  binding cavity
FIG. 5 shows the confirmation of 1-Undecanal used in odor index calculation.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation between the experimental odor detection threshold values and calculated odor indices of various odorants.
This invention relates to the optimization of perfume or fragrance diffusion from the product of high water dilution, based on odorants&#39; calculated mass transfer properties.
This invention relates to the design and engineering of perfume or fragrance by selecting odorants based upon mass transfer properties and transport properties in water-based partitions, water vapor and air, aiming to give the released perception
of a single hedonic note in heavy water dilutions, which is termed &quot;linear release.&quot;
Perfumes engineered for rinse-off applications according to the methods described in the herein invention will result in a sustained &quot;linear&quot; release of a particular olfactive note, or a hedonic note lasting throughout the entire rinse-off
Perfumes designed for sustained &quot;linear release&quot; are based on odorants&#39; water release .OMEGA., derived pseudo-acceleration .GAMMA., odor detection threshold and/or odor index values in water and/or air as defined herein.  In order to achieve a
linearly released fragrance note during rinse-off, the odorants used as part of the sustained linearly released fragrance note must contain at least three different odorants, which are part of the engineered sustained and linearly released perfume note.
These three odorants must elute in at least three different &quot;water release groups&quot; based on odorants .OMEGA.  values and as defined in the herein invention.
Additionally, at least one odorant having a water release value of 0.007 or higher (units of
.times.  ##EQU00001## as defined in this invention) or in other words, belonging to either Water release groups/ranges 1, 2 or 3 may be selected for use as part of the sustained linearly released fragrance note.
Additionally, at least one odorant having a derived pseudo-acceleration values .GAMMA.  between 100 and 1000 (cm/sec.sup.2), corresponding to sustained release value in water dilutions, may be selected for use as part of the sustained linearly
released fragrance note.
Additionally, at least one odorant having an odor detection threshold value in water and/or an odor index determined in water of 50 parts per billion or less may be selected for use as part of the sustained linearly released fragrance note.
Additionally, at least one odorant having an odor detection threshold in air and/or odor index determined in air of 0.025 mg/m.sup.3 or less may be selected for use as part of the sustained linearly released fragrance note.
Additionally, this invention relates to the design and engineering of perfume or fragrance causing a change in the overall character of the released perfume during rinse-off, which is termed &quot;delayed release&quot; of a perfume character or note.  This
delayed release is achieved without the use of encapsulation methods or other means of delivery presently known in the art, and instead selects odorants based upon mass transfer properties and physical thermodynamic properties in water, water/air and air
partitions.  This change in the perfume note can be drastic and/or progressive based on mass transfer values of the chosen odorants.
Perfumes designed for &quot;delayed release&quot; of a fragrance note are constructed based on odorants&#39; predicted elution behavior out of large water dilutions, simulating rinse-off conditions.  These odorants release into headspace during rinse-off are
predicted based on their water release .OMEGA.  and derived pseudo-acceleration .GAMMA.  values.  Their perceived intensity is in turn gauged by their odor detection threshold and/or odor index values in water and/or air as defined by the authors.  The
designed fragrance key engineered for delayed release in rinse-off conditions must have at least two different odorants, preferably at least three different odorants, contributing to the delayed odor.
The odorants contributing to the delayed odor have water release values lower than 0.007 (units of
.times.  ##EQU00002## as defined in this invention), and therefore elute in rinse-off conditions as part of Water Release Groups 4 and/or 5 and/or 6 and preferably as part of Water Release Groups 5 and/or 6 (or in other words, .OMEGA.  less than
Additionally, at least one odorant having a derived pseudo-acceleration values .GAMMA.  between 100 and 1000 (cm/sec.sup.2), corresponding to sustained release in water dilutions, may be selected to contribute to the delayed release perfume
Additionally, at least one odorant having an odor detection threshold value in water and/or an odor index determined in water of 50 parts per billion or less may be selected for use as part of the delayed release fragrance.
Additionally, at least one odorant having an odor detection threshold in air and/or odor index determined in air of 0.025 mg/m.sup.3 or less may be selected for use as part of the sustained delayed release fragrance note.
The perfumes designed according to methods described herein give the consumer the perception of a burst or slow release of a certain smell, olfactive note and/or odor based on their constituent odorants&#39; mass transfer values and physical
thermodynamic properties in various partitions described herein.
In water-based systems, choosing fragrance molecules or odorants (to be incorporated into a perfume) based on specific mass-transfer values for release out of a matrix optimizes the perfume&#39;s intensity and perceived hedonic quality.  These values
are calculated according to these odorants&#39; physico-chemical properties based on principles of mass transfer.
In addition, by constructing the perfume according to predicted and calculated water release values, one can engineer the delayed and/or superior sustained linear release of a certain olfactive note during application of the product containing
the said-perfume.
According to the present invention, a perfume composition is optimized for various cosmetic, household and industrial applications in water-bases systems, or in presence of water, by selecting odorants based upon their water release values
(.OMEGA.) pseudo-acceleration values (.GAMMA.), and their estimated odor impact values as calculated within the defined water release groups, as described herein.
The general physical properties of perfume odorants as currently known in the art (e.g., U.S.  Pat.  No. 6,143,707, U.S.  Patent Application Pub.  No. 2004/0138078, EP Patent No. 0888440B1, and U.S.  Pat.  No. 6,601,789) do not provide a complete
picture when creating perfumes for rinse-off systems.  In fact, there disclosure can even be counter to empirical findings.  For example, odorants such as ethyl formate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl malonate, fructone, ethyl propionate,
toluic aldehyde, leaf aldehyde, trans-2-hexenal, trans-2-hexenol, cis-3-hexenol, prenyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, hexanal, butyl acetate, 2-phenylpropanal, cis-4-heptenal, cis-3-hexenyl formate, propyl butyrate, amyl acetate, ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, ethyl
amyl ketone, hexyl formate, 3-phenyl butanal, cis-3-hexenyl methyl carbonate, methyl phenyl carbinyl acetate, methyl hexyl ether, methyl cyclopentylidene acetate, 1-octen-3-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, amyl vinyl carbinol,
2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carbaldehyde, ethyl 2-methylpentanoate, 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 3,7-dimethyl-7-methoxyoctan-2-ol etc. are considered to have superior release properties in heavy water dilutions.  The above mentioned
odorants are considered &quot;delayed release&quot; odorants according to the above-listed references, which is counter to both empirical and experimental observations when used in wash-off products.
hold true when using very small amounts of an odorant in a perfume.  A mathematical relationship relating quantity of odorants in perfumes to their mass transfer properties needs to be established in order to predict the order of elution of perfume
constituents when exposed to heavy water dilutions.  For example, thiogeraniol (clogP 4.88, boiling point 250.degree.  C.) can have very delayed water release properties when used in parts per trillion in a perfume although considered a &quot;blooming&quot;
material based on its physical properties.  Once this mathematical relationship is established, one can design and further improve water release hedonic perception of perfume materials.  The result is the optimization and applied perfumery for wash off
.PHI.  ##EQU00003## where .phi.  is water/oil partition coefficient (an equivalent to clogP mentioned above), K is the volatility constant of perfumes in air (in direct relationship to boiling point values) and CMC is the critical micellization
between 0 and 30.  Yet, consumer usage of formulations in wash off conditions, especially in applications such as body wash, conditions, shampoos, surface cleaners, etc. .  . . the conditions far exceed the dilution values used by the authors for their
calculations.  For example, a typical usage of water during a shower exceeds 25 gallons of water and can reach 50 gallons of water when considering a typical household shower pressure dispensing 5-10 gallons a minute (See &quot;Conserving Water at Home,&quot;
University of Georgia, Engineering Dept., available at http://www.engr.uga.edu/service/extension/publications/c819-1.html).  Values for water dilutions in a typical household, cosmetic, industrial wash-off application therefore far exceeds the dilution
values used by the author in the above mentioned patent.  One can therefore argue that the release partitions under these extreme conditions become essentially water, water-air and air with surfactants&#39; contributions very minimal, almost non existent.
physico-chemical properties of odorants are utilized in methods described in this invention to control and engineer superior olfactive perception of these perfumes, whether sustained linear release and/or delayed release as descried herein, during their
use and release in the presence of water with resulting effects required by the rinse-off applications in which they are delivered.
According to the present invention, a perfume composition is optimized for various cosmetic, personal, household and industrial applications in water systems and/or in presence of water and/or in high dilution systems.  The odorants selected
based upon their designated water release value, as defined in the present invention, to perfumes may comprise at least about 30%, and preferably at least about 40% of the total fragrance, depending on the applications considered and described herein.
Perfume compositions according to the present invention may be utilized in any water-based system, including but not limited to cosmetic, personal, household and industrial soaps, detergents and other products generally, including those for
kitchen use, such as kitchen cleaner, dishwashing liquid and dishwasher detergent, for laundry use, such as laundry detergent, liquid fabric softener and stain treatment, and for personal use such as face, hand and soap body soap, wash, cleanser, scrub,
gel, lotion, rinse-off moisturizer and the like.
These products also may contain natural or synthetic extracts providing an added benefit agent to the user during the application.  For example, many body wash shampoo and conditioners will include some benefit agent or conditioning agent,
usually in the form of a natural extract as a benefit agent.  Based on methods described in this invention, one can create a time delayed hedonic release (also referred to by the authors as &quot;delayed release&quot;) that goes along with an added benefit agent
to give the consumer the impression of delivered added benefit included in a formulation.  The methods included in this herein invention can also serve to engineer a continuous sustained release of a particular hedonic note throughout the time of the
rinse-off (also referred to by the authors as &quot;linear release&quot;), emphasizing the benefit agent throughout the entire rinse-off experience and further accentuating the sensory perception of the consumer using the product.
physico-chemical properties of odorants are utilized in methods described in this invention to control and engineer the consumer gradual and time-related olfactive perception of these perfumes during their use and release in the presence of water.
According to the present invention, a perfume composition is optimized for various cosmetic, household and industrial applications in water systems and/or in presence of water using perfume odorants&#39; water release values .OMEGA.  as calculated in
the herein invention, calculated pseudo-acceleration values .GAMMA.  and their estimated odor impact values within the defined water release groups.
In addition, the perfumes designed according to methods described in this invention give the consumer the perception of a burst or slow release of a certain smell, olfactive note and/or odor based on their constituting odorants mass transfer
values and physical thermodynamic properties in various partitions mentioned herein.
Water release value (.OMEGA.) is defined by the authors as being the product of quantity of an odorant in a perfume totaling 100 parts, flux (.PHI.), pseudo-acceleration (.GAMMA.) of odorants out of the water, water-air and air partitions.  These
.OMEGA.  values are used to separate the fragrance into so-called &quot;water release groups&quot;, therefore predicting the chronological elution of odorants out the water, water/air into the air partitions.  .OMEGA.=n.PHI..GAMMA.
Within these defined water-release groups, odorants are then further described based on their experimentally determined odor detection thresholds (ODT) and/or theoretically calculated &quot;odor indices&quot; to further characterize the odor impact or
olfactive intensity along with the hedonic type of the released group of odorants.  Defined &quot;odor impact&quot; within each water release group is discussed in depth later in this invention and serves to correlate mass transfer values of odorants and their
detection thresholds to yield a measure of odor perception and odor contribution of each odorant within the water release groups.
Within these defined water-release groups, odorants are then further described based on their experimentally determined odor detection thresholds (ODT) and/or theoretically calculated odor indices to characterize their odor impact or their
olfactive intensity along with the hedonic type of the released group of odorants considered.  Careful design of the so-called &quot;water release groups&quot; in heavy aqueous dilutions based on odorants&#39; water release values .OMEGA., enables a person skilled in
the art to optimize the released perfume to have a linear and/or a delayed hedonic note.
A &quot;linear sustained release&quot; is defined as a continuous sustained release of a single perfume note throughout the rinse-off experience.
A &quot;delayed release&quot; of a perfume note during rinse-off process is defined by the appearance and/or a sudden change in perfume profile during the rinse-off process and/or the appearance of a single perfume note different from the overall hedonic
profile preceding it.
Delayed release of odorants is typically attained by known methods using of various delivery methods such as encapsulation and other polymeric means.  Various examples of encapsulation include the use of cyclodextrin, polymeric delivery vehicles,
proteins etc. This invention enables the inventors to design perfumes with delayed release of various different odor profiles without the use of any encapsulation means, based solely of mass transfer properties and odor intensity of the odorants in the
engineered perfume to be used in heavy water dilutions.
Perfume considered for rinse-off applications are optimized using different groups of odorants within the total perfume formula.  These defined &quot;water release groups&quot; are explained in more details in the invention and their constituting odorants
grouped are carefully chosen based on their odor intensity and mass transfer properties as described in the invention herein.
In addition to their water release values perfume odorants are further characterized according to their odor contribution within each &quot;water release groups&quot; based on their odor detection threshold values and/or their calculated odor indices.
Linear Release Perfumes for Rinse-Off
Fragrances or perfumes designed for &quot;linear release&quot; are based on odorants&#39; water release .OMEGA., derived pseudo-acceleration .GAMMA., odor detection threshold and/or odor index values in water and/or air as defined by the authors.
In addition, the following criteria need to hold true in order to achieve a linearly released fragrance note during rinse-off.  The odorants used as part of the sustained linearly released fragrance note must contain at least three different
odorants, which are part of the engineered sustained and linearly released perfume note.  These at least three odorants must elute in at least three different &quot;water release groups&quot; based on odorants .OMEGA.  values and as defined in the herein
Additionally, at least one odorant contributing to the linear released perfume has a water release value of about 0.007 and greater (units of
.times.  ##EQU00004## as defined in this invention) or in other words, belonging to either Water release Groups: 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 as defined herein.
Additionally, at least one odorant contributing to the linear released perfume may have a derived pseudo-acceleration values .GAMMA.  of from about 100 to about 1000 (cm/sec.sup.2), corresponding to sustained release value in water dilutions.
Additionally, at least one odorant contributing to the linearly released perfume may have an odor detection threshold in water value and/or an odor index in water value, as defined in the present invention of about 50 parts per billion and less.
Additionally, at least one odorant contributing to the linearly released perfume may have an odor detection threshold in air and/or odor index determined in air of about 0.025 mg/m.sup.3 and less.
Delayed Release Perfumes for Rinse-Off
Perfumes engineered for &quot;delayed release&quot; of a fragrance note are constructed based on odorants&#39; predicted elution behavior out of large water dilutions, simulating rinse-off conditions.  These odorants release into headspace during rinse-off are
engineered fragrance key engineered for delayed release in rinse-off conditions contain at least two odorants, preferably at least three odorants, contributing to the delayed odor.
Each of the at least two odorants mentioned above, contributing to the delayed odor have a water release values lower than about 0.007 (units of
.times.  ##EQU00005## as defined in this invention), and therefore elute in rinse-off conditions as part of Water Release Groups 4 and/or 5 and/or 6 and preferably as part of Water Release Groups 5 and/or 6, or in other words, have a .OMEGA.
value less than about 0.0005).
At least one odorant contributing to the delayed perfume character with characteristic odor intensity and water release properties mentioned above may have a derived pseudo-acceleration values .GAMMA.  of from about 100 to about 1000
(cm/sec.sup.2), corresponding to sustained release in water dilutions.
At least one odorant contributing to the desired delayed odor may have an odor detection threshold in water value and/or an odor index in water value, as defined in the present invention of 50 parts per billion or less.
Additionally, at least one odorant contributing to the delayed release perfume may have an odor detection threshold in air and/or odor index determined in air of about 0.025 mg/m.sup.3 and less.
elution of these odorants in the partitions considered: water, water-air and air.  .OMEGA.=n.PHI..GAMMA.  [1]
.PHI.=Flux of odorant in a system considering the partitions: water, water-air and air, expressed in
.times.  ##EQU00006## and .GAMMA.=Pseudo-acceleration factor of odorant in water, water-air and air expressed in
##EQU00007## n is the parts quantity of an odorant in a total 100 parts of a perfume.
and calculated mass transfer properties obtained by the authors but also based on quantity of the odorant considered within the entire formula.  Below is the description of the terms used to derive equation [1].
Flux (.PHI..sub.1,2)
.PHI.dd ##EQU00008##
dd ##EQU00009## is the concentration gradient of odorant (1) throughout the partition.  D.sub.12 is calculated using the &quot;Slattery Kinetic Theory&quot; with non-polar odorants using odorants&#39; critical parameters, unsteady state evaporation and
measurement of binary diffusion coefficient.  (Chem. Eng.  Sci.  52, 1511-1515).  The concentration gradients of the odorants composing the perfumes throughout the partitions considered (water, water-air and air) are calculated by solving for the
dimensionless velocity value determined using the Arnold equation.  (See Arnold, J. H. Studies in Diffusion: III.  Unsteady State Vaporization and Absorption.  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Chem Eng., 40, 361-378.).
Some flux values for a variety of odorants out of a water partition are listed in Table 1 below.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Odorant .PHI.  (mg/cm.sup.2 sec) Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 0.004361536 d-1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene 0.001571820 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(p-ethylphenyl)propanal 0.000006157 4-Methyl-3-decen-5-ol 0.000004491
5-Hexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 0.000005070 1-(5,5-Dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-pent-4-en-1-one 0.000005501 6,6-Dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo-(3.1.1)-heptane 0.001912106 6-sec-Butylquinoline 0.000006754 Octahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene-5-yl acetate 0.000009115
Ethyl 2,3-epoxy-3-methyl-3-phenylpropionate 0.000010182 2(6)-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.2] octe- 0.000003792 5-en-2(3)-yl-1,3-dioxolane Isopropyl-methyl-2-butyrate; 0.002632239 Tricyclo-decenyl propionate 0.000003150
2,6,10-Trimethyl-9-undecenal 0.000001843 Methyl-2-hexyl-3-oxocyclopetanedecarboxylate 0.000000204 2-Phenylethyl phenylacetate 0.000000080 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate 0.000000039 Ethyl octyne carbonate 0.000007735
3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-thiol 0.000046576 (1R-(1a,4b,4aa,6b,8aa))-Octahydro-4,8a,9,9- 0.000001119 tetramethyl-1,6-methano-1(2H)-naphtol
Pseudo-Acceleration, .GAMMA.
The five variables D.sub.12, P.sub.v, Mw, .rho..sub.v and .epsilon..sub.12 and the three dimensional variables indicate that there can be 5-3=2 dimensional variables which describe Newton&#39;s law.  The easiest separation is to break the
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Odorant .GAMMA.  (cm/sec.sup.2) Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 12827.56 d-1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene 8200.76 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(p-ethylphenyl)propanal 121.17 4-Methyl-3-decen-5-ol 116.38 5-Hexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 115.36
1-(5,5-Dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-pent-4-en-1-one 109.12 6,6-Dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo-(3.1.1)-heptane 9007.51 6-sec-Butylquinoline 135.34 Octahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene-5-yl acetate 144.06 Ethyl 2,3-epoxy-3-methyl-3-phenylpropionate 147.67
2(6)-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.2] octe- 57.74 5-en-2(3)-yl-1,3-dioxolane Isopropyl-methyl-2-butyrate; 8722.05 Tricyclo-decenyl propionate 60.58 2,6,10-Trimethyl-9-undecenal 43.58 Methyl-2-hexyl-3-oxocylopetanedecarboxylate 6.71 2-Phenylethyl
phenylacetate 2.29 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate 0.71 Ethyl octyne carbonate 156.29 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-thiol 659.09 (1R-(1a,4b,4aa,6b,8aa))-Octahydro-4,8a,9,9- 25.57 tetramethyl-1,6-methano-1(2H)-naphtol
&quot;Flash release&quot; is defined as fast migration through water and subsequent very low residence time in headspace, resulting in a short hedonic experience and very minimal deposition on a treated surface.  &quot;Sustained release&quot; is characterized by
good water release properties along with a longer residence time in the water vapor and subsequently, the air phase.  &quot;Deposition&quot; is a term used to categorize odorants with very poor water release properties and consequently superior deposition on the
surfaces treated.  Flash release odorants are considered by the authors to have acceleration, .GAMMA.  values above 900 cm/sec.sup.2, sustained release odorants are thought to have .GAMMA.  values between 900 and 100 and finally deposition odorants have
containing these odorants as shown in the following procedure.  The odorants chosen for this illustrative example are shown in Table 3.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 .GAMMA.  (acceleration water/air) Flash Release ethyl formate 46183.23 cm/sec.sup.2 ethyl-2-methyl butyrate 12827.56 melonal 2655.52 cyclacet 1687.87 Sustained Release linalool 644.41 aldehyde c-11 moa 401.44 alpha ionone
283.60 lilial 104.63 Deposition Odorants cyclamen aldehyde 99.64 jasmolactone 76.30 hexyl cinnamic aldehyde 21.01 acetal cd 0.08
Experimental Procedure: Individual odorant to be tested was added to 20 g of shampoo formulation (see formula below in Table 4) at 0.1%.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 House Shampoo Formulation Phases Ingredients Supplier Percent A D.I.  Water 35.00 A Standapol ES-2 Cognis Corp.  35.00 B Standapol WAQ-LC Cognis Corp 27.50 B Glydant 2000 Lonza 0.30 C Sodium Chloride 1.80
Results are shown in FIG. 1, noting odorants residence time in headspace according to their .GAMMA.  values.
##EQU00010## The expression of water release out of the water, water-air and air partitions can then be physically equated to a value of
.times.  ##EQU00011## or in other words, units of pressure per time out partition.  It is important to establish that water release values are indicative of the order of elution of odorants in a perfume out the partitions considered into
diluted aqueous media based on .OMEGA.  value ranges as shown in Table 5.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Water Release Value Ranges Water Release Values Time of elution Water Release Group 1 .OMEGA.  .gtoreq.  10 Upon dilution: t = 0 seconds Water Release Group 2 10 &amp;gt; .OMEGA.  .gtoreq.  0.07 0 to 10 seconds Water Release
Group 3 0.07 &amp;gt; .OMEGA.  .gtoreq.  0.007 0 to 20 seconds Water Release Group 4 0.007 &amp;gt; .OMEGA.  .gtoreq.  0.0005 0 to 30 seconds Water Release Group 5 0.0005 &amp;gt; .OMEGA.  .gtoreq.  0.00003 0 to 45 seconds Water Release Group 6 0.00003 &amp;gt; .OMEGA.
As an illustration, the below &quot;Tropical Fruit&quot; perfume release profile was observed in aqueous dilution of 1/100 using headspace GC-MS method at 1% in a house shampoo formulation (see formulation above).
The perfume&#39;s components are grouped in the predicted water release groups or ranges (1 to 6) according to the .OMEGA.  values above along with the predicted time of elution (t) from the diluted aqueous/air partitions.
Below in Table 7 are the experimental results for the release profile in time (0 to 60 seconds) of the Tropical Fruit Perfume in 1/100 dilution in water using GC-MS headspace analysis.
BUTYRATE 2800 ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE PURE FCC 3100 MANZANATE 4000 LINALOOL 18000 DIHYDROMYRCENOL 15000 ROSE OXIDE (HIGH CIS) 10000 CIS-3-HEXEN-1-OL 14000 BENZYL ACETATE 12000 CITRONELLOL AJ, FCC 7000 VERDOX 5000 ALLYL HEPTOATE 4000 ALDEHYDE C-18 2000
DIHYDROMYRCENOL 15000 ROSE OXIDE (HIGH CIS) 14000 CIS-3-HEXEN-1-OL 14000 BENZYL ACETATE 17000 CITRONELLOL AJ, FCC 7000 VERDOX 14000 ALLYL HEPTOATE 10000 ALDEHYDE C-18 2000 CIS-3-HEXENYL ACETATE 14000 ETHYL LINALOOL 10000 BENZYL PROPIONATE 6000 FRUCTONE
LINALOOL 18000 DIHYDROMYRCENOL 15000 ROSE OXIDE (HIGH CIS) 14000 CIS-3-HEXEN-1-OL 14000 BENZYL ACETATE 18000 CITRONELLOL AJ, FCC 7000 VERDOX 18000 ALLYL HEPTOATE 12000 ALDEHYDE C-18 4000 CIS-3-HEXENYL ACETATE 14000 ETHYL LINALOOL 10000 BENZYL PROPIONATE
6000 FRUCTONE 5000 LIFFAROME 3000 DIHYDROLINALOOL 3000 IONONE BETA PURE 10000 DIMETHYL BENZYL CARBINYL ACETATE 8000 VERTENEX  HC 8000 TERPINYL ACETATE 9000 FLOROL 10000 TERPINEOL 10000 OXANE 2000 UNDECAVERTOL 10000 FLORHYDRAL 9000 ALLYL CYCLOHEXYL
ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE PURE FCC 1500 MANZANATE 1500 LINALOOL 18000 DIHYDROMYRCENOL 15000 ROSE OXIDE (HIGH CIS) 14000 CIS-3-HEXEN-1-OL 14000 BENZYL ACETATE 18000 CITRONELLOL AJ, FCC 7000 VERDOX 20000 ALLYL HEPTOATE 12000 ALDEHYDE C-18 4000 CIS-3-HEXENYL
Editor; Booleans Aroma Chemical Information Service (BACIS)).
In this invention, Odor Index (O.I.) values are calculated theoretically for odorants in air.  These odor index values show a strong correlation with experimental odor detection thresholds in air and in water as shown later in this patent.
An example of how the inventors calculate mathematically these odor indices, the conformation of 1-undecanal deduced from docking experiments into hOBP.sub.IIa.alpha.  is used below.
Human odorant binding protein hOBP.sub.IIa.alpha.  (17.8 kDa), belongs to the Lipocalin family.  The amino acid sequence is 45.5% similar to the rat OBPII and 43% similar to the human tear lipocalin (TL-VEG).  The tertiary structure of
hOBPIIa.alpha.  was obtained using the automated SWISS-MODEL protein modeling service (http://swissmodel.expasy.org/).  The modeled structure along with the modeled protein binding site is shown in FIG. 2, the predicted tertiary structure for
hOBP.sub.IIa.alpha..  The eight-stranded .beta.-barrel, a common motif for lipocalins is present as well as two alpha helices (as also predicted by Lacazette et al., Human Molecular Genetics, 2000, 9, 2, 289-301).
into the binding cleft of hOBP.sub.IIa.alpha.  using Argus lab software 4.0.1.  in order to obtain the recognized conformation of the odorant (http://www.planaria-software.com/arguslab40.htm).  The docked conformation of 1-undecanal within the binding
cleft of the hOBP is show in FIG. 4.
FIG. 5 shows 1-Undecanal Conformation used in odor index calculation: the conformation for 1-undecanal was deduced from docking experiment into the binding cleft of hOBP.sub.IIa.alpha.  The most energetically favored conformation for 1-undecanal
is shown in FIG. 10.  This conformation is the used to calculate the maximum moment of inertia using a mathematical model of inertial ellipse.
on a surface defining a receptor site &quot;geometry&quot;.  The height in which the inertial ellipse sits above the plane is inversely related to the ratio of rotational/translational forces.
Conformation of 1-undecanal shown in FIG. 11 was used to calculate the odor index value of 1-undecanal both in air and in water as an illustrative example.  The odor index value in air was found to be equal 0.000219 mg/m.sup.3.  The experimental
value for odor detection threshold in air was determined to be 0.00054 mg/m.sup.3 by Randenbrock (See Randebrock, R. E. (1986) Perfuem.  Kosmet.  67, 1, 10-24).  Calculated odor index in water was calculated to be equal to 8.2 parts per billion (ppb),
and found to be within the experimental range determined by Schnabel et al. (Schnabel, K. O. Belitz, H. D., Von Ranson, C. (1988) Lebensm.  Unters.  Forsch.  187, 215-223).
Odor Index values can also be calculated in water by correlating the activity of the odorants in a water partition and well as their diffusivity in the water, water-air and air partitions.  These calculation results are shown below in Table 8 for
some odorants and are correlated with experimental values from the Booleans database for experimental odor detection thresholds in water.
50 22.00 4-(2,2,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2- 0.4-10 2.5 one 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 25-58 27.53 Ethyl butyrate 1 5 4-(2,2,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten- 0.4-10 2.5 2-one 1-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)-2-buten-1-
0.002 0.009 one Pentyl butyrate 44-87 68 cis-3-hexenol 39 25 Ethyl 2-methylpentanoate 0.0030 0.001 .alpha.-1-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2- 1.5 1.50 buten-1-one 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2- 4-6 2 one ethyl 2-methylbutyrate
Perfume Odorants&#39; Odor Impact and Contribution
Within each &quot;water release group&quot; odorant&#39;s defined odor impact is given by the following mathematical equation:
.times..times..times..times..times..times..function..times..times..times..- times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..time- s..times.  ##EQU00012##
The odor detection threshold (experimental values) for the odorants can also be substituted by their odor index values (theoretically calculated).  Once the odor impact is determined, odorants percent odor contribution within the &quot;overall water
release&quot; perfume profile can also be determined.  As an example, the &quot;tropical fruit perfume&quot; will be used to determine the odor contribution of each odorant within the formula and their contribution within the rinse-off profile of the entire perfume.
The &quot;water release groups&quot; determined according to the odorants&#39; .OMEGA.  values and further predicted to release in time based on values shown earlier in this invention are as follow.
According to the odorants .OMEGA.  values, the &quot;Water Release Group 1&quot; thought to elute immediately upon water dilution during rinse-off will contain only d-limonene as shown below in Table 9.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Water Release Group 1 Odor % Odor Hedonic parts .GAMMA.  (cm/sec2) Impact Contribution Profile d-LIMONENE 2.00 8200.76 34.00 100.00 lemon-like
Based on its .GAMMA.  value, d-limonene is typical of a flash release material.  In addition, the odor detection of odor detection threshold of d-limonene is not exceptionally when compared to odorants such as ethyl-2-methyl butyrate.  Therefore,
d-limonene is considered to be a typical &quot;flash release material&quot; in rinse-off conditions.
The next water release group as predicted earlier in this document is thought to be the following composition shown in Table 10.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Water Release Group 2 parts .GAMMA.  (cm/sec2) Odor Impact % Odor Contribution Hedonic Profile TRIPLAL 0.30 1696.11 0.02 0.02 green slightly herbaceous citrus note ETHYL BUTYRATE 0.10 14612.29 0.02 0.02 banana pineapple
ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE 0.10 12827.56 1.00 0.97 green fruit apple peel MANZANATE 0.10 5288.42 100.00 97.06 fruity apple LINALOOL 9.00 644.41 1.80 1.75 flowery fresh lily of the valley DIHYDROMYRCENOL 3.00 866.55 0.19 0.18 fresh lime, overall citrus flower
The &quot;water release group 2&quot; is predicted to be fruity with mostly an apple character due to the very large contribution of manzanate to the overall odor profile of this group of odorants, which elute together from the water dilution.  Most of the
odorants within &quot;Water Release Group 2&quot; are considered &quot;flash release&quot; compounds based solely on their .GAMMA.  values.  It is important to emphasize the contribution of the odor index and/or odor detection values in addition to the .GAMMA.  values when
gauging flash release.  For example, ethyl-2-methyl butyrate and manzanate despite their very high .GAMMA.  values will have the tendency to be perceived longer when entering headspace since their odor detection thresholds are very low and need not to be
present in high amounts to be recognized by a consumer.
If one were to build an emphasis on the hedonic note delivered in the next &quot;Water Release Group 3&quot;, it would be important to take in consideration odor detection values of &quot;Water Release Group 2&quot; in order not to take away from the odorants
delivered in Water Release Group 3.  Populating Water Release Group 2 with odorants with high odor detection threshold or odor index values will therefore help emphasize the subsequent contribution of odorants eluting in Water Release Group 3, especially
if these latter odorants have much higher odor impact (or lower odor detection threshold and odor index values).
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Water Release Group 3 Odor parts .GAMMA.(cm/sec.sup.2) Odor Impact Contribution % Hedonic Profile ROSE OXIDE 0.10 6219.26 0.0250 1.83 geranium and carrot leaves CIS-3-HEXEN-1-OL 0.20 1569.11 0.0080 0.59 fresh cut grass
BENZYL ACETATE 1.30 664.29 0.0448 3.29 jasmine gardenia CITRONELLOL AJ, FCC 0.70 868.56 0.0117 0.86 rose-like VERDOX 2.50 564.56 0.2273 16.66 fruity agrumen ALLYL HEPTOATE 0.50 711.58 0.2000 14.66 fruity banana ALDEHYDE C-18 0.50 292.22 0.1667 12.22
coconut CIS-3-HEXENYL ACETATE 0.10 1384.27 0.0049 0.36 green ETHYL LINALOOL 2.90 275.63 0.0354 2.59 floral BENZYL PROPIONATE 0.50 522.41 0.0122 0.89 sweet fruity FRUCTONE 0.30 554.79 0.6000 43.98 green apple- LIFFAROME 0.10 1515.54 0.0063 0.46 green
fruity floral DIHYDROLINALOOL 0.20 568.81 0.0222 1.63 fresh floral citrus
According to the above values, the next released group of odorants will result in tropical fruit and slightly floral green undertones.  This accord will elute in a background of apple note from Water Release Group 2 and a disappearing citrus note
from Water Release Group 1.
The next &quot;Water Release Group 4&quot; will have the following composition and characteristic odor profile shown in Table 12.
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Water Release Group 4 Odor Parts .GAMMA.  (cm/sec.sup.2) Odor Impact Contribution % Hedonic Profile IONONE BETA PURE 0.90 311.32 90.0000 99.58 woody violet DIMETHYL BENZYL CARBINYL ACETATE 1.00 249.93 0.3636 0.40 fresh
green floral fruity VERTENEX HC 0.10 357.12 0.0118 0.01 woody TERPINYL ACETATE 0.10 613.44 0.0004 0.00 bergamot lavender
According to the .GAMMA.  values of the odorants within Water Release Group 4, this accord will be mostly characterized by the .beta.-ionone odor contribution (violet).  Due to its low odor detection threshold and/or odor index, .beta.-ionone
will have a tremendous impact to the overall fragrance once it is eluted in headspace.  B-ionone&#39;s .GAMMA.  values, coupled with a very low odor detection threshold, result in a hedonic contribution and perceived for the rest of the rinse-off experience
The next fragrance accord to be released during rinse-off when using the Tropical Fruit Perfume is predicted to be that shown in Table 13.
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Water Release Group 5 Odor parts .GAMMA.  (cm/sec.sup.2) Odor Impact Contribution % Hedonic Profile FLOROL 2.50 63.16 0.5000 8.58 floral TERPINEOL 0.10 269.84 0.0004 0.01 lilac OXANE 0.01 610.16 0.0050 0.09 passion fruit
and grapefruit UNDECAVERTOL 0.60 116.38 0.3000 5.15 green floral violet leaf like FLORHYDRAL 0.30 180.11 0.0333 0.57 green floral lilly of the valley ALLYL CYCLOHEXYL PROPIONATE 0.30 126.80 0.3000 5.15 pineapple HEXYL CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE 15.00 21.01 0.4286
7.35 jasmine GAMMA-DECALACTONE 0.30 115.36 0.6000 10.29 peach GAMMA UNDECALACTONE 0.30 42.98 1.0000 17.15 peach alpha-DAMASCONE 0.10 157.30 0.0810 1.39 fruity floral MAGNOLAN 3.00 31.03 1.5000 25.73 magnolia grapefruit HELIONAL 1.40 25.40 0.2800 4.80
green floral ADOXAL 0.40 43.58 0.0500 0.86 floral BENZYL ALCOHOL 0.20 24.56 0.0015 0.03 floral BACDANOL 1.50 25.13 0.7500 12.87 sandalwood
The accord released within the Water Release Group 5 can be described as being mostly fruity (peach and grapefruit) with a floral background.  Odorants such as Oxane, considered a top note can be delivered much later during the rinse off process
by carefully choosing the right dilution and based on its water release value, .OMEGA..  Conversely, using much higher concentrations of gamma-undecalactone will move its elution time much earlier into the earlier &quot;Water Release Groups&quot;.  Forcing
odorants, such as gamma-decalactone with low odor detection threshold and low .GAMMA.  values, to elute earlier by overdosing on their concentration within the perfume total will lead to a much sustained peach note that will last throughout the rinse-off
once it is released into headspace.
The last predicted &quot;Water Release Group 6&quot; is shown below in Table 14.
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Water Release Group 5 Odor parts .GAMMA.  (cm/sec.sup.2) Odor Impact Contribution % Hedonic Profile GALAXOLIDE 50 IPM 5 7.49 1.0000 14.58 musk HEDIONE 15 8.40 0.6000 8.75 fruity jasmine SANDALORE 1.3 19.92 0.8667 12.64
sandalwood DAMASCENONE 0.03 100.79 3.3333 48.60 rose CALONE 0.03 55.448484 0.0030 0.04 fresh marine AMBROXAN 0.03 20.559713 0.0600 0.87 ambergris ETHYLENE BRASSYLATE 4.3 2.5579748 0.8600 12.54 Musk OXANONE CRYSTALS 0.4 41.247051 0.0800 1.17 rasberry
VERTOFIX COEUR 0.1 10.136257 1.0000 14.58 woody EXALTOLIDE TOTAL 0.2 5.8280534 0.0500 0.73 Musk METHYL ATRATATE 0.1 0.1457731 0.0063 0.09 Moss
The Tropical Fruit perfume upon dilution gives the following fragrance profile during rinse-off, in particular shampoo, conditioner and body-wash applications as specified in Table 15.
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Perfume Released Citrus tangerine Green apple - tropical Violet Tropical fruit papaya Floral musk
This invention pertains to the engineering of hedonics based on mass transfer values of odorants making up a fragrance used in a rinse-off product.  When including a particular natural or synthetic extract as a benefit agent in a product, part of
the marketing strategy is to give the impression that the benefit is fully delivered by linking the smell of the water released product to the advertised benefit agent.  The resulting release hedonics can be either sustained during the entire wash
experience or can be engineered to appear at a specific moment starting from the beginning of the experience, or in other words delayed release.
In the first case, populating each release group described in this invention with an odorant that translates the desired note synonymous with the benefit agent for example will result in an impactful well rounded linear and sustained hedonic
release of the desired odor.
For example, when considering a wash-off product targeted for dishwashing products, giving the impression of a sustained release of a particular fragrance note can be achieved by including a characteristic odorant in each considered water release
groups.  When including an apple odorant in water-release groups 1, 2, and 3 in rinse-off products according to the rationale discussed above, the consumer is able to have a maximized and sustained olfactory profile of the engineered fragrance note
within the perfume released from water (apple in this case).
More preferably by including certain desired odorants with the same fragrance profile and an odor detection threshold of less than 50 ppb in four out of six targeted water release groups relative to the intended product, the inventors are able to
maximize the impact of the delivered fragrance note upon water release.
As an illustrative example, the inventors have designed an apple fragrance for shampoo, body wash and conditioners that will give the consumer a sustained apple fragrance during the entire wash-off experience.  Each water-release groups composing
the perfume are shown below.
The inventors use the definition of odor impact to illustrate the applications of odor indices as a tool to predict the overall odor profile of each Water Release Group for the Apple fragrance.  An apple odorant is present in five out of six
release group in the perfume considered for this particular application by the inventors (water release groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5).  Each apple odorant included in the targeted water release groups by the inventors has an odor detection threshold of 50 ppb
or less.  These odor detection threshold values are also corroborated by the odor index values for these apple odorants.  Based on these apple odorant&#39;s odor detection threshold values and odor indices as illustrated in the below examples, it is shown by
the author that a strong apple note is present throughout the rinse-off experience when using this perfume.
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Apple Fragrance parts .OMEGA.  Water Release Group 1 d-LIMONENE 4.00 51.56 ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE PURE FCC 0.60 33.57 total parts 4.60 Water Release Group 2 ETHYL BUTYRATE 0.10 7.054 METHYL PHENYL CARBINYL ACETATE 1.20
1.19 MANZANATE 0.30 1.77 HEXYL ACETATE 0.80 1.16 DIHYDROMYRCENOL 5.00 0.32 ALLYL CAPROATE 0.40 0.15 LINALOOL 4.50 0.14 BENZYL ACETATE 2.60 0.1 TRICYCLODECENYL PROPIONATE 1.00 0.08 total parts 15.90 Water Release Group 3 LINALYL ACETATE 1.50 0.0598
CIS-3-HEXENYL ACETATE 0.30 0.0541 CITRONELLOL AJ, FCC 0.80 0.0463 TRIPLAL 0.20 0.0668 VERDOX 5.80 0.0564 total parts 8.60 Water Release Group 4 FRUCTONE 0.15 0.00520 LILIAL 5.00 0.00298 APHERMATE 0.10 0.00331 IONONE ALPHA REGULAR 0.50 0.00314 DIMETHYL
BENZYL CARBINYL ACETATE 0.60 0.00268 ALLYL CYCLOHEXYL PROPIONATE 1.00 0.00095 FLOROL 3.60 0.00068 PHENOXY ETHYL ISOBUTYRATE 6.00 0.00080 total parts 16.95 Water Release Group 5 ISO E SUPER 5.50 0.000214 DYNASCONE 0.03 0.000266 alpha-DAMASCONE 0.10
0.000144 GAMMA UNDECALACTONE 0.30 0.000143 GALAXOLIDE 50 IPM 13.00 0.000037 18.93 HELIONAL 1.00 0.00002809 HEDIONE 19.00 0.00002169 VERTOFIX COEUR 1.50 0.00000679 BACDANOL 0.30 0.00000633 BENZYL SALICYLATE 12.35 0.00000146 CIS-3-HEXENYL SALICYLATE 0.50
0.00000013 VANILLIN NF 0.10 0.00000005 total parts 34.75 DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL 17.22 TOTAL PERFUME PARTS 100.00
The odorants included in this particular perfume which contribute to the apple perfume are shown below in Table 17.
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 .GAMMA.  Apple Note Compounds (cm/sec.sup.2) ODT ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE 12827.56 50 ppb or less MANZANATE 5288.42 50 ppb or less HEXYL ACETATE 3118.78 VERDOX 564.56 FRUCTONE 554.79 50 ppb or less APHERMATE 589.62
Alpha-DAMASCONE 157.30 50 ppb or less
The authors will consider alpha-damascone as a contributor to the apple note although it is perceived alone as floral rose with some apple-blackcurrant plum undertones.
As mentioned above, the authors can also apply their odor index algorithm to gauge odor intensity of odorants and subsequently, predict the overall odor of each Water Release Group as well as the odor contribution of each apple odorant chosen in
the Apple perfume.  In the illustration below, the contribution to each of the apple odorants to the overall odor is estimated within each Water Release Groups containing the apple odorants, using odor impact equation [3] as shown earlier and rationale
used in the Tropical Fruit Perfume in Table 18.
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Water Release Group 1 % Odor Contribution d-LIMONENE 26.09 ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE 73.91
Water Release Group 1 will therefore result in an apple-citrus odor upon immediate dilution.  Both ethyl-2-methyl butyrate and d-limonene have &quot;flash-release&quot; .GAMMA.  values, with ethyl-2-methyl butyrate giving a longer lasting perception due to
its much lower odor detection threshold.  The big difference in odor detection thresholds is also translated proportionally in the odorants&#39; difference in odor indices.
The second &quot;wave&quot; of odorants eluting in Water Release Group 2, is almost 100% apple in its odor profile as shown below in Table 19.
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Water Release Group 2 % Odor Contribution ETHYL BUTYRATE 0.01 METHYL PHENYL CARBINYL ACETATE 0.01 MANZANATE 98.87 HEXYL ACETATE 0.01 DIHYDROMYRCENOL 0.10 ALLYL CAPROATE 0.02 LINALOOL 0.30 BENZYL ACETATE 0.03
TRICYCLODECENYL PROPIONATE 0.66
Manzanate&#39;s very large contribution to the overall odor of Water Release Group 2 is due to its very low odor detection threshold and odor index values in water, respectively 0.003 parts per billion and 0.001 parts per billion.
Water Release Group 3&#39;s apple comes mostly from verdox, a green apple odorant, thought to result in a long headspace residence time in rinse-off due to its .GAMMA.  value of 564.56, characteristic of sustained release in water dilutions.
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Water Release Group 3 % Odor Contribution LINALYL ACETATE 1.64 CIS-3-HEXENYL ACETATE 8.18 CITRONELLOL AJ, FCC 12.12 TRIPLAL 7.79 VERDOX 51.55
Water Release Group 4 and 5 also have some apple character, which add to the overall background generated from the previously released odorants predicted to elute as shown above.  The percentage contribution of the apple odorants to their overall
character is shown below in Tables 21-22.
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Water Release Group 4 % Odor Contribution FRUCTONE 7.89 LILIAL 13.14 APHERMATE 0.20 IONONE ALPHA REGULAR 6.57 DIMETHYL BENZYL CARBINYL ACETATE 0.40 ALLYL CYCLOHEXYL PROPIONATE 37.55 FLOROL 2.70 PHENOXY ETHYL ISOBUTYRATE
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Water Release Group 5 % Odor Contribution ISO E SUPER 28.24 DYNASCONE 0.02 Alpha-DAMASCONE 68.46 GAMMA UNDECALACTONE 0.62 GALAXOLIDE 50 IPM 2.67
No odorants contributing to the apple aspect of the perfume were found in Water Release Group 6.
The next perfume example is a &quot;Floral&quot; perfume designed to yield a sustained floral accord during rinse-off.  It was constructed for linear release based on the criteria set forth by the authors in this invention.
The following &quot;Floral&quot; fragrance is a perfume designed to give a long sustained linear release of a floral note from the beginning to the end of the rinse-off experience.  The odorants are divided into Water Release Groups according to their
water release values .OMEGA..
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 parts .OMEGA.  Water Release Group 1 total parts 0.00 Water Release Group 2 MAYOL 5.03 4.508429 CYCLACET 4.95 3.261580 BENZYL ACETATE 33.06 1.300902 LINALOOL 26.25 0.807717 DIHYDROMYRCENOL 5.6 0.355777 LINALYL ACETATE
8.19 0.326361 CIS-3-HEXEN-1-OL 1.04 0.266876 TRIPLAL 1.43 0.232993 ROSE OXIDE (HIGH CIS) 0.06 0.107096 total parts 85.61 Water Release Group 3 CANTHOXAL 0.57 0.029898 IONONE BETA PURE 3.6 0.026411 LIFFAROME 0.08 0.025139 GALBANOLENE, SUPER 0.12 0.023020
NEOFOLIONE 0.51 0.017724 total parts 4.88 Water Release Group 4 ALPHA TERPINEOL 0.59 0.002657 FLORHYDRAL 0.59 0.001145 CIS 3 HEXENYL BENZOATE 0.7 0.000559 DIMETHYL PHENYL ETHYL CARBINOL 0.13 0.000524 MUGETANOL 1.18 0.000518 total parts 3.19 Water Release
Group 5 BETA DAMASCONE FAB 0.12 0.000210 METHYL ANTHRANILATE REGULAR 0.3 0.000100 total parts 0.42 Water Release Group 6 HEDIONE 5.9 0.000014 total parts 5.9 total perfume parts 100
Every odorant in the formula contributes to the floralcy of the released perfume.  No odorants in the formula are found to elute in the defined &quot;Water Release Group 1&quot;, or in other words have a water release value, .OMEGA.  higher than 10.  The
release profile of the odorants along with their experimentally measured odor intensity is found below in Table 24.
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Odor Detection .GAMMA.  Threshold (cm/sec.sup.2) (ppb) Water Release Group 2 MAYOL 2558.11201 CYCLACET 1687.86800 50 ppb or less BENZYL ACETATE 664.28764 LINALOOL 644.41282 50 ppb or less DIHYDROMYRCENOL 866.54502 LINALYL
ACETATE 617.71622 Water Release group 3 CANTHOXAL 684.36399 IONONE BETA PURE 311.31669 50 ppb or less LIFFAROME 1515.53888 GALBANOLENE 1501.13941 NEOFOLIONE 653.99725 Water Release group 4 ALPHA TERPINEOL 269.84259 FLORHYDRAL 180.11229 50 ppb or less CIS
3 HEXENYL BENZOATE 117.78151 DIMETHYL PHENYL ETHYL 246.27049 CARBINOL MUGETANOL 98.69552 Water Release group 5 BETA DAMASCONE FAB 171.98603 50 ppb or less METHYL ANTHRANILATE REGULAR 77.81181 50 ppb or less Water Release group 6 HEDIONE 50 ppb or less
&quot;Floral&quot; perfume releases in rinse-off in typically linear fashion from beginning to end as it was constructed to do based on its mass transfer properties and rationale as defined in the herein invention.  It is mostly composed of sustained
release odorants (based on their .GAMMA.  values).
The following perfume &quot;Bamboo and Cucumber&quot; was used as another illustrative example to engineer a sustained linear release for a specific note, in this particular care melon-cucumber during use in rinse-off conditions.
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 PARTS .OMEGA.  Water Release Group 1 d-LIMONENE 4.28 55.16971144 ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE 0.41 22.93862952 Water Release Group 2 ETHYL BUTYRATE 0.09 6.34970816 METHYL PHENYL CARBINYL ACETATE 1.47 1.45429832 HEXYL ACETATE
0.35 0.50752370 CYCLACET 0.77 0.50735692 DIHYDROMYRCENOL 3.84 0.24396106 ALLYL CAPROATE 0.45 0.16472431 BENZYL ACETATE 3.33 0.13103463 LINALYL ACETATE 2.05 0.08168977 CIS-3-HEXENYL ACETATE 0.45 0.08110941 Water Release Group 3 VERDOX 1.66 0.05868720
CITRONELLOL 0.96 0.05561816 TRICYCLODECENYL PROPIONATE 0.7 0.05378250 MELONAL 0.06 0.04937926 TRIPLAL 0.26 0.04236244 METHYL PAMPLEMOUSSE 0.29 0.01642029 TETRAHYDROLINALOOL 0.58 0.00973621 LILIAL 12.8 0.00762539 PHENYL ETHYL ALCOHOL 2.69 0.00735362 Water
Release Group 4 BENZALDEHYDE 0.03 0.00681827 APHERMATE 0.13 0.00429864 2,6-NONADIENAL 0.03 0.00228471 CYCLAMEN ALDEHYDE 4.35 0.00206883 PHENOXY ETHYL ISOBUTYRATE 7.68 0.00102652 ALLYL CYCLOHEXYL PROPIONATE 1.02 0.00096498 FLORHYDRAL 0.45 0.00087340
IONONE ALPHA 0.13 0.00081751 Water Release Group 5 UNDECAVERTOL 0.77 0.00040248 2,6 NONADIEN-1-OL 0.04 0.00011885 CIS JASMONE 0.06 0.00010442 DIMETHYL BENZYL CARBINYL 0.77 0.00005679 BUTYRATE HEDIONE 22.47 0.00005397 GALAXOLIDE 50 IPM 17.28 0.00004982
DAMASCENONE 0.09 0.00004425 DYNASCONE 0.04 0.00003543 Water Release Group 6 HELIONAL 0.7 0.00001966 MAGNOLAN 0.26 0.00001111 GAMMA UNDECALACTONE 0.13 0.00000845 VERTOFIX 1.6 0.00000724 BACDANOL 0.32 0.00000676 DIHYDRO ISO JASMONATE 0.38 0.00000052 BENZYL
SALICYLATE 3.07 0.00000036 MUSCONE 0.06 0.00000013 CIS-3-HEXENYL SALICYLATE 0.51 0.00000013 SINENSAL 0.01 0.00000006 VANILLIN NF 0.13 0.00000006 total perfume parts 100
The following odorants in Table 26 contribute to the cucumber-melon note.
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 .GAMMA.  (cm/sec.sup.2) ODT (ppb) Water Release Group 3 MELONAL 2655.51866 50 ppb or less Water Release Group 4 2,6-NONADIENAL 1010.67236 50 ppb or less Water Release Group 5 2,6-NONADIENOL 245.87069 50 ppb or less
This perfume gives a burst of a cucumber melon note between 10 and 20 seconds due to melonal, predicted to elute in Water Release Group 3.  2,6-Nonadienal from Water Release Group 4 contributes to the cucumber melon note, as a flash release
odorant as well.  Both of these odorants have low odor detection threshold values in water: 16 ppb and 0.01 ppb for melonal and 2,6-nonadienal respectively.  Once released in air, due to its very low odor detection threshold value, 2,6-nonadienal will
have a very large impact on the overall perfume released from the dilution partitions.  2,6-Nonadienol will bring about a very sustained release based on its .GAMMA.  value and relatively low odor detection threshold value in water: 1 part per billion.
Delayed Release of Fragrance Notes
In other instances, the action of the delivered benefit agent is emphasized by a delayed release of the accompanying hedonic note during wash-off.  The consumer will be able to experience a sensory perception of the conditioning or beneficial
extract included in the product upon subsequent physical contact with water.
By engineering the fragrance to include a hedonic note that is released much later that many of the odorants during the wash-off experience, one can give the impression of a delayed release of the particular wanted odor or fragrance note.  For
example, by including a fragrance note in the latter water release groups i.e. water release groups 3, 4 and 5 and more preferably release group 4 and/or 5 and/or 6 based on water release values defined in the invention and by not including the desired
targeted olfactive note in the earlier water release groups, one can bring about a sudden change in the fragrance without the inclusion of any additional delivery vehicles such as encapsulation and/or other polymeric vehicles.
It is also preferable that the desired olfactive note is given by a single odorant and/or a combination of odorants within the latter water release groups (subsequent to Water Release Group 3) and that at least one odorant that results in the
desired odor has an odor detection threshold in water or a water odor index of less than 50 parts per billion and/or an air odor detection threshold and/or an air odor index of less than 0.025 mg/m.sup.3.
As an illustrative example, a perfume with a delayed fig note is shown below.
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 &quot;Citrus Floral&quot; Perfume parts .OMEGA..  Group 1 ORANGE TERPENES 7.17 92.42 LEMON OIL DISTILLED NATURAL 5.74 73.99 Group 2 ETHYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE 0.10 5.59 PURE FCC ETHYL BUTYRATE 0.11 7.76 HEXYL ACETATE 0.35 0.51
DIHYDROMYRCENOL 4.41 0.28 LINALOOL 8.83 0.27 Group 3 TRIPLAL 0.20 0.067 CIS-3-HEXENYL ACETATE 0.30 0.054 CITRONELLYL NITRILE 0.64 0.031 Group 4 PHENOXY ETHYL ISOBUTYRATE 20.00 0.0027 GAMMA UNDECALACTONE 1.10 0.00052 PYROPRUNAT 10.00 0.00054
.delta.-DAMASCONE 0.30 0.00050 Group 5 DIMETHYL BENZYL CARBINYL 4.41 0.000325 BUTYRATE METHYL ANTHRANILATE REGULAR 0.44 0.000100 HELIONAL 2.21 0.000062 Group 6 HEDIONE 11.04 0.000013 NECTARYL 0.44 0.0000031 BENZYL SALICYLATE 21.77 0.0000026 ETHYL
VANILLIN 0.44 0.0000005
The fig note is given by pyroprunat, .delta.-damascone and dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate and their properties are shown below in Table 28.
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 .GAMMA.  (cm/sec.sup.2) ODT (ppb) Water Release Group 4 PYROPRUNAT 34.08 .delta.-DAMASCONE 162.39 50 ppb or less Water Release Group 5 DIMETHYL BENZYL CARBINYL 39.87 BUTYRATE
When put at a regular concentration in a rinse-off product, the perfume will release a progressively citrus floral (1 to 30 seconds upon water contact) in high dilutions of water.  Subsequently, a dry fig note will appear later on during the
wash-off experience: 30-40 seconds upon dilution.  The release of the fig note will be very gradual rather sudden, based on the relatively low .GAMMA.  values for the odorants involved giving the perception of a fig note (see above values)
The following perfume example: &quot;Water Blossoms&quot; is engineered to give off a delayed berry note once diluted in water based on the chosen odorants&#39; water release values .OMEGA..
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 &quot;Water Blossoms&quot; Fragrance parts .OMEGA.  Water Release Group 1 D-LIMONENE 9.55 98.60941413 Water Release Group 2 MAYOL 3.00 2.6847 CYCLACET 2.96 1.9486 BENZYL ACETATE 23.70 0.9325 LINALOOL 18.96 0.5833 LINALYL ACETATE
4.90 0.1953 CIS-3-HEXEN-1-OL 0.62 0.1581 TRIPLAL 0.84 0.1374 DIHYDROMYRCENOL 1.90 0.1204 Water Release Group 3 ROSE OXIDE (HIGH CIS) 0.04 0.06765 TETRAHYDROLINALOOL 2.54 0.04264 CIS-3-HEXENYL ACETATE 0.21 0.03758 CANTHOXAL 0.35 0.01840 NEOFOLIONE 0.30
0.01054 ETHYL LINALOOL 1.90 0.00794 Water Release Group 4 ALPHA TERPINEOL 0.32 0.00145 FLORHYDRAL 0.35 0.00068 Water Release group 5 BETA DAMASCONE FAB 0.20 0.000349 CIS 3 HEXENYL BENZOATE 0.43 0.000340 MUGETANOL 0.71 0.000312 DIMETHYL PHENYL ETHYL
CARBINOL 0.08 0.000306 cis-JASMONE 0.09 0.000165 METHOXY PHENYL BUTANONE 2.02 0.000137 ISO E SUPER 1.90 0.000074 ETHYL PHENYL GLYCIDATE 2.02 0.000062 Water Release Group 6 DAMASCENONE 0.06 0.00002798 OXANONE CRYSTALS 4.27 0.00001114 HEDIONE 3.52
0.00000845 HABANOLIDE 1.90 0.00000624 BENZYL SALICYLATE 9.48 0.00000112 STRAWBERRY FURANONE 0.01 0.00000002 PHENYL ETHYL SALICYLATE 0.91 0.000000002 PERFUME TOTAL 100.00
The fragrance odorants which will contribute to the delayed berry note appear in Water Release Groups 5 and 6 and are as follow in Table 30.
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Odorant .GAMMA.  (cm/sec.sup.2) ODT (ppb) .beta.-damascone 171.97 50 ppb or less Methoxyphenyl 41.25 Butanone Ethyl Phenyl Glycidate 26.35 50 ppb or less Oxanone 41.24 50 ppb or less Strawberry Furanone 2.49 50 ppb or
The Water Blossoms&quot; fragrance gave an initial floral fragrance when first used in rinse-off and then a change into a berry odor after around 30 seconds from the time of dilution.  The appearance of the berry note is also gradual based on the
.GAMMA.  values of odorants chosen.
The following perfume &quot;Zesty White Floral&quot; illustrates the use of water release values .OMEGA.  and overall mass transfer properties of odorants (.GAMMA.  and .phi.), while taking in consideration their concentrations within the overall perfume
formula to construct the delayed release of an odor note.  The delayed note in this particular example is sudden rather than gradual since the .GAMMA.  values used for the odorants in the delayed fragrance note are relatively high.
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 &quot;Zesty White&quot; Floral parts .OMEGA.  Water Release Group 1 total parts 0 Water Release Group 2 CYCLACET 4.20 2.7674014 BENZYL ACETATE 11.50 0.4525220 LINALOOL 12.36 0.3803192 CITRONELLOL 2.47 0.1431009 total parts 30.53
Water Release Group 3 METHYL IONONE GAMMA A 3.09 0.0498085 total parts 3.09 Water Release Group 4 FLORALOZONE 3.71 0.0057567 METHYL IONONE ALPHA EXTRA 0.99 0.0047213 CITRONELLYL ACETATE 0.37 0.0044622 ALDEHYDE C-18 0.37 0.0017855 PHENYL ETHYL ALCOHOL
4.02 0.0015668 ALLYL AMYL GLYCOLATE 0.90 0.0015343 GERANIOL 0.59 0.0014488 LILIAL 1.98 0.0011796 total parts 12.93 Water Release Group 5 HEXYL CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE 29.67 0.0004837 JASMAL 0.84 0.0004816 METHYL ANTHRANILATE REGULAR 0.72 0.0001646 GAMMA
UNDECALACTONE 1.48 0.0000962 METHYL ISO EUGENOL 1.09 0.0000790 TRANS-4-DECEN-1-AL (0.1% 0.49 0.0000477 Solution in Dipropylene Glycol) total parts 34.29 Water Release Group 6 EUGENOL 0.15 0.0000261 1-p-MENTHENE-8-THIOL 1% Solution in Alc. 0.12 0.0000129
(10% IN DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL) THIOGERANIOL (0.05% 0.10 0.0000015 IN DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL) AMYL SALICYLATE 1.36 0.0000005 MANDARIN ALDEHYDE (0.1% 0.49 0.0000002 IN DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL) ATRALONE 0.87 0.000000003 total parts 83.93 DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL 16.07 total
perfume parts 100
The following odorants in the perfume contribute to the citrus note, as shown in Table 32.
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 .GAMMA.  (cm/sec.sup.2) ODT (ppb) Water Release Group 5 TRANS-4-DECEN-1-AL 1076.65 50 ppb or less Water Release Group 6 MANDARIN ALDEHYDE 90.29 50 ppb or less THIOGERANIOL 659.09 50 ppb or less 1-p-MENTHENE-8-THIOL
1043.22 50 ppb or less
The .GAMMA.  values for trans-4-decenal and 1-p-menthene-8-thiol are indicative of flash release and thiogeraniol will give more of a sustained release once diluted in rinse-off conditions.  These properties will give the perception of a delayed
citrus burst as opposed to a gradual burst as discussed in the previous examples.  It is also important to note that trans-4-decenal; thiogeraniol and 1-p-menthene-8-thiol are classically considered &quot;top notes&quot; and were thought to be blooming odorants
according to the prior art.  Their boiling point and clogP values are shown in Table 33.
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Boiling Point clogP deg C. Water Release Group 5 TRANS-4-DECEN-1-AL 3.77 200 Water Release Group 6 THIOGERANIOL 4.88 250 1-p-MENTHENE-8-THIOL 4.74 229
Optimized perfumery for rinse-off products, Fadel, et al., Addi Fadel, Richard Turk, Grant Mudge, Jill Mattila, Veronica Goberdhan, Application number 11 400-323, Cleaning Compositions For Solid Surfaces Auxiliary Compositions Therefor Or Processes Of Preparing The Compositions, Perfume Compositions, Release Group, Water Release, release groups, odor detection threshold, perfume ingredients, Detergent composition, Work File, aqueous solution, Family Claims, Forward References
The present invention relates to perfume systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to the optimization of perfumes used in high water dilution conditions and/or rinse-off applications.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONFragrances are an important part of cosmetic compositions since their primary role is to create an agreeable sensory experience for their consumer, in addition to providing malodor coverage or other more functional roles.Perfumes are composed of odorants with a wide range of chemical properties including molecular weights, vapor pressures and diffusivities as well as different polarities and chemical functionalities. Using these different properties, one cancreate different hedonic profiles describing the fragrance.Fragrance materials are generally small molecular weight substances with a vapor pressure that allows their molecules to evaporate, become airborne, and eventually reach the olfactory organ of a living entity.There are a variety of different fragrance materials with different functional groups and molecular weights, both of which affect their vapor pressures and hence the ease with which they can be sensed.Odorants used in perfumery offer a wide array of polarity ranging from the somewhat water miscible to the water immiscible chemical compounds. Perfumery in the various wash-off applications spanning from cosmetic to industrial and household havedifferent functionalities and must be engineered to fulfill certain needs and objectives. Perfumes' effect and quality during use plays a big role in the consumer's purchase intent as well and the desire of the consumer to purchase the product again.Prior art pertaining to perfumery for water based rinse-off applications deals largely with general physical properties of odorants such as boiling point and clogP values. U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,707 discloses automatic dishwashing detergent withwhat is defined as blooming fragrance compositions by the authors. These perfumes contain so-call
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