Source: https://casetext.com/statute/united-states-code/title-18-crimes-and-criminal-procedure/part-ii-criminal-procedure/chapter-229-postsentence-administration/subchapter-c-imprisonment/section-3626-appropriate-remedies-with-respect-to-prison-conditions
Timestamp: 2019-09-21 19:51:09
Document Index: 600418156

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 3626', '§20409', '§101', '§802', '§1', '§123', '§123', '§123', '§123', '§123', '§123', '§123', '§123', '§123', '§101', '§802', '§20409', '§20409', '§101', '§802', '§1', '§101', '§810', '§101', '§306', '§101', '§807', '§101', '§808']

Section 3626 - Appropriate remedies with respect to prison conditions, 18 U.S.C. § 3626 | Casetext
Section 3626 - Appropriate remedies with respect to prison conditions
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(a) REQUIREMENTS FOR RELIEF.-
(1) PROSPECTIVE RELIEF.-
(B) The court shall not order any prospective relief that requires or permits a government official to exceed his or her authority under State or local law or otherwise violates State or local law, unless-
(2) PRELIMINARY INJUNCTIVE RELIEF.-In any civil action with respect to prison conditions, to the extent otherwise authorized by law, the court may enter a temporary restraining order or an order for preliminary injunctive relief. Preliminary injunctive relief must be narrowly drawn, extend no further than necessary to correct the harm the court finds requires preliminary relief, and be the least intrusive means necessary to correct that harm. The court shall give substantial weight to any adverse impact on public safety or the operation of a criminal justice system caused by the preliminary relief and shall respect the principles of comity set out in paragraph (1)(B) in tailoring any preliminary relief. Preliminary injunctive relief shall automatically expire on the date that is 90 days after its entry, unless the court makes the findings required under subsection (a)(1) for the entry of prospective relief and makes the order final before the expiration of the 90-day period.
(3) PRISONER RELEASE ORDER.-
(A) In any civil action with respect to prison conditions, no court shall enter a prisoner release order unless-
(E) The three-judge court shall enter a prisoner release order only if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that-
(b) TERMINATION OF RELIEF.-
(1) TERMINATION OF PROSPECTIVE RELIEF.-
(A) In any civil action with respect to prison conditions in which prospective relief is ordered, such relief shall be terminable upon the motion of any party or intervener-
(2) IMMEDIATE TERMINATION OF PROSPECTIVE RELIEF.-In any civil action with respect to prison conditions, a defendant or intervener shall be entitled to the immediate termination of any prospective relief if the relief was approved or granted in the absence of a finding by the court that the relief is narrowly drawn, extends no further than necessary to correct the violation of the Federal right, and is the least intrusive means necessary to correct the violation of the Federal right.
(3) LIMITATION.-Prospective relief shall not terminate if the court makes written findings based on the record that prospective relief remains necessary to correct a current and ongoing violation of the Federal right, extends no further than necessary to correct the violation of the Federal right, and that the prospective relief is narrowly drawn and the least intrusive means to correct the violation.
(4) TERMINATION OR MODIFICATION OF RELIEF.-Nothing in this section shall prevent any party or intervener from seeking modification or termination before the relief is terminable under paragraph (1) or (2), to the extent that modification or termination would otherwise be legally permissible.
(c) SETTLEMENTS.-
(1) CONSENT DECREES.-In any civil action with respect to prison conditions, the court shall not enter or approve a consent decree unless it complies with the limitations on relief set forth in subsection (a).
(2) PRIVATE SETTLEMENT AGREEMENTS.-
(d) STATE LAW REMEDIES.-The limitations on remedies in this section shall not apply to relief entered by a State court based solely upon claims arising under State law.
(e) PROCEDURE FOR MOTIONS AFFECTING PROSPECTIVE RELIEF.-
(1) GENERALLY.-The court shall promptly rule on any motion to modify or terminate prospective relief in a civil action with respect to prison conditions. Mandamus shall lie to remedy any failure to issue a prompt ruling on such a motion.
(2) AUTOMATIC STAY.-Any motion to modify or terminate prospective relief made under subsection (b) shall operate as a stay during the period-
(3) POSTPONEMENT OF AUTOMATIC STAY.-The court may postpone the effective date of an automatic stay specified in subsection (e)(2)(A) for not more than 60 days for good cause. No postponement shall be permissible because of general congestion of the court's calendar.
(4) ORDER BLOCKING THE AUTOMATIC STAY.-Any order staying, suspending, delaying, or barring the operation of the automatic stay described in paragraph (2) (other than an order to postpone the effective date of the automatic stay under paragraph (3)) shall be treated as an order refusing to dissolve or modify an injunction and shall be appealable pursuant to section 1292(a)(1) of title 28, United States Code, regardless of how the order is styled or whether the order is termed a preliminary or a final ruling.
(f) SPECIAL MASTERS.-
(2) APPOINTMENT.-
(3) INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL.-Any party shall have the right to an interlocutory appeal of the judge's selection of the special master under this subsection, on the ground of partiality.
(4) COMPENSATION.-The compensation to be allowed to a special master under this section shall be based on an hourly rate not greater than the hourly rate established under section 3006A for payment of court-appointed counsel, plus costs reasonably incurred by the special master. Such compensation and costs shall be paid with funds appropriated to the Judiciary.
(5) REGULAR REVIEW OF APPOINTMENT.-In any civil action with respect to prison conditions in which a special master is appointed under this subsection, the court shall review the appointment of the special master every 6 months to determine whether the services of the special master continue to be required under paragraph (1). In no event shall the appointment of a special master extend beyond the termination of the relief.
(6) LIMITATIONS ON POWERS AND DUTIES.-A special master appointed under this subsection-
Added Pub. L. 103-322, title II, §20409(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1827; amended Pub. L. 104-134, title I, §101[(a)] [title VIII, §802(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-66; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104-140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 105-119, title I, §123(a), Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2470.
REFERENCES IN TEXTThe date of enactment of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii), probably means the date of enactment of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, section 101[(a)] [title VIII] of Pub. L. 104-134, which was approved Apr. 26, 1996.The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (g)(8), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
AMENDMENTS 1997-Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 105-119, §123(a)(1)(A), substituted "requires" for "permits".Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 105-119, §123(a)(1)(B)(i), substituted "no court shall enter a prisoner release order unless" for "no prisoner release order shall be entered unless".Subsec. (a)(3)(F). Pub. L. 105-119, §123(a)(1)(B)(ii), inserted "including a legislator" after "local official" and substituted "prison facilities" for "program facilities".Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105-119, §123(a)(2), substituted "current and ongoing" for "current or ongoing".Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105-119, §123(a)(3)(A), inserted at end "Mandamus shall lie to remedy any failure to issue a prompt ruling on such a motion."Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105-119, §123(a)(3)(B), substituted "Any motion to modify or terminate prospective relief made under subsection (b) shall operate as a stay" for "Any prospective relief subject to a pending motion shall be automatically stayed".Subsec. (e)(3), (4). Pub. L. 105-119, §123(a)(3)(C), added pars. (3) and (4). 1996-Pub. L. 104-134 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to appropriate remedies with respect to prison conditions for former provisions relating to appropriate remedies with respect to prison crowding.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 105-119, title I, §123(b), Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2471, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [probably should be "section", amending this section] shall take effect upon the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 26, 1997] and shall apply to pending cases."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104-134, title I, §101[(a)] [title VIII, §802(b)(1)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-70, provided that: "Section 3626 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by this section, shall apply with respect to all prospective relief whether such relief was originally granted or approved before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this title [Apr. 26, 1996]."
EFFECTIVE AND TERMINATION DATESPub. L. 103-322, title II, §20409(b), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1828, which provided that this section applied to all court orders outstanding on Sept. 13, 1994, and Pub. L. 103-322, title II, §20409(d), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1828, which provided for the repeal of this section 5 years after Sept. 13, 1994, were repealed by Pub. L. 104-134, title I, §101[(a)] [title VIII, §802(b)(2)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-70; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104-140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.
SEVERABILITYPub. L. 104-134, title I, §101[(a)] [title VIII, §810], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-77, provided that: "If any provision of this title [see Short Title of 1996 Amendment note set out under section 3601 of this title], an amendment made by this title, or the application of such provision or amendment to any person or circumstance is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this title, the amendments made by this title, and the application of the provisions of such to any person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby."
SPECIAL MASTERS APPOINTED PRIOR TO APRIL 26, 1996; PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDSPub. L. 104-208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title III, §306], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009-45, provided that: "None of the funds available to the Judiciary in fiscal years 1996 and 1997 and hereafter shall be available for expenses authorized pursuant to section 802(a) of title VIII of section 101(a) of title I of the Omnibus Consolidated Rescissions and Appropriations Act of 1996, Public Law 104-1341996 [amending this section], for costs related to the appointment of Special Masters prior to April 26, 1996."
PAYMENT OF DAMAGE AWARD IN SATISFACTION OF PENDING RESTITUTION ORDERSPub. L. 104-134, title I, §101[(a)] [title VIII, §807], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-75, provided that: "Any compensatory damages awarded to a prisoner in connection with a civil action brought against any Federal, State, or local jail, prison, or correctional facility or against any official or agent of such jail, prison, or correctional facility, shall be paid directly to satisfy any outstanding restitution orders pending against the prisoner. The remainder of any such award after full payment of all pending restitution orders shall be forwarded to the prisoner."
NOTICE TO CRIME VICTIMS OF PENDING DAMAGE AWARDPub. L. 104-134, title I, §101[(a)] [title VIII, §808], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-76, provided that: "Prior to payment of any compensatory damages awarded to a prisoner in connection with a civil action brought against any Federal, State, or local jail, prison, or correctional facility or against any official or agent of such jail, prison, or correctional facility, reasonable efforts shall be made to notify the victims of the crime for which the prisoner was convicted and incarcerated concerning the pending payment of any such compensatory damages."