Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/58216323/Sales-Title-6-New-Civil-Code
Timestamp: 2017-03-29 08:55:13
Document Index: 3500046

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 1458', 'Art. 1459', 'Art. 1460', 'Art. 1461', 'Art. 1462', 'Art. 1463', 'Art. 1464', 'Art. 1465', 'Art. 1466', 'Art. 1467', 'Art. 1468', 'Art. 1469', 'Art. 1470', 'Art. 1471', 'Art. 1472', 'Art. 1473', 'Art. 1474', 'Art. 1475', 'Art. 1476', 'Art. 1477', 'Art. 1479', 'Art. 1520', 'Art. 1534', 'Art. 1545', 'Art. 1555', 'art. 1553', 'Art. 1571', 'Art. 1578', 'Art. 1569', 'Art. 1611', 'Art. 1613']

Sales - Title 6 - New Civil Code | Negotiable Instrument | Sales
BrowseInterestsStay InformedCareerPersonal GrowthFiction & BiographiesHealth & FitnessLifestyleCultureBrowse byBooksAudiobooksNews & MagazinesSheet MusicBrowse allUploadSign inJoinTitle VI. - SALES CHAPTER 1 NATURE AND FORM OF THE CONTRACT Art. 1458.By the contract of sale one of the contracting parties obligates himself to transfer the ownership and to deliver a determinate thing, and the other to pay therefor a price certain in money or its equivalent. A contract of sale may be absolute or conditional. (1445a) Art. 1459. The thing must be licit and the vendor must have a right to transfer the ownership thereof at the time it is delivered. (n) Art. 1460. A thing is determinate when it is particularly designated or physical segregated from all other of the same class. The requisite that a thing be determinate is satisfied if at the time the contract is entered into, the thing is capable of being made determinate without the necessity of a new or further agreement between the parties. (n) Art. 1461. Things having a potential existence may be the object of the contract of sale. The efficacy of the sale of a mere hope or expectancy is deemed subject to the condition that the thing will come into existence. The sale of a vain hope or expectancy is void. (n) Art. 1462. The goods which form the subject of a contract of sale may be either existing goods, owned or possessed by the seller, or goods to be manufactured, raised, or acquired by the seller after the perfection of the contract of sale, in this Title called "future goods." There may be a contract of sale of goods, whose acquisition by the seller depends upon a contingency which may or may not happen. (n) Art. 1463. The sole owner of a thing may sell an undivided interest therein. (n)
Art. 1464. In the case of fungible goods, there may be a sale of an undivided share of a specific mass, though the seller purports to sell and the buyer to buy a definite number, weight or measure of the goods in the mass, and though the number, weight or measure of the goods in the mass is undetermined. By such a sale the buyer becomes owner in common of such a share of the mass as the number, weight or measure bought bears to the number, weight or measure of the mass. If the mass contains less than the number, weight or measure bought, the buyer becomes the owner of the whole mass and the seller is bound to make good the deficiency from goods of the same kind and quality, unless a contrary intent appears. (n) Art. 1465. Things subject to a resolutory condition may be the object of the contract of sale. (n) Art. 1466. In construing a contract containing provisions characteristic of both the contract of sale and of the contract of agency to sell, the essential clauses of the whole instrument shall be considered. (n) Art. 1467. A contract for the delivery at a certain price of an article which the vendor in the ordinary course of his business manufactures or procures for the general market, whether the same is on hand at the time or not, is a contract of sale, but if the goods are to be manufactured specially for the customer and upon his special order, and not for the general market, it is a contract for a piece of work. (n) Art. 1468. If th e consideration of the contract consists partly in money, and partly in another thing, the transaction shall be characterized by the manifest intention of the parties. If such intention does not clearly appear, it shall be considered a barter if the value of the thing given as a part of the consideration exceeds the amount of the money or its equivalent; otherwise, it is a sale. (1446a) Art. 1469. In order that the price may be considered certain, it shall be sufficient that it be so with reference to another thing certain, or that
the determination thereof be left to the judgment of a special person or persons. Should such person or persons be unable or unwilling to fix it, the contract shall be inefficacious, unless the parties subsequently agree upon the price. If the third person or persons acted in bad faith or by mistake, the courts may fix the price. Where such third person or persons are prevented from fixing the price or terms by fault of the seller or the buyer, the party not in fault may have such remedies against the party in fault as are allowed the seller or the buyer, as the case may be. (1447a) Art. 1470. Gross inadequacy of price does not affect a contract of sale, except as it may indicate a defect in the consent, or that the parties really intended a donation or some other act or contract. (n) Art. 1471. If the price is simulated, the sale is void, but the act may be shown to have been in reality a donation, or some other act or contract. (n) Art. 1472. The price of securities, grain, liquids, and other things shall also be considered certain, when the price fixed is that which the thing sold would have on a definite day, or in a particular exchange or market, or when an amount is fixed above or below the price on such day, or in such exchange or market, provided said amount be certain. (1448) Art. 1473. The fixing of the price can never be left to the discretion of one of the contracting parties. However, if the price fixed by one of the parties is accepted by the other, the sale is perfected. (1449a) Art. 1474. Where the price cannot be determined in accordance with the preceding articles, or in any other manner, the contract is inefficacious. However, if the thing or any part thereof has been delivered to and appropriated by the buyer he must pay a reasonable price therefor. What is
a reasonable price is a question of fact dependent on the circumstances of each particular case. (n) Art. 1475. The contract of sale is perfected at the moment there is a meeting of minds upon the thing which is the object of the contract and upon the price. From that moment, the parties may reciprocally demand performance, subject to the provisions of the law governing the form of contracts. (1450a) Art. 1476. In the case of a sale by auction: (1) Where goods are put up for sale by auction in lots, each lot is the subject of a separate contract of sale. (2) A sale by auction is perfected when the auctioneer announces its perfection by the fall of the hammer, or in other customary manner. Until such announcement is made, any bidder may retract his bid; and the auctioneer may withdraw the goods from the sale unless the auction has been announced to be without reserve. (3) A right to bid may be reserved expressly by or on behalf of the seller, unless otherwise provided by law or by stipulation. (4) Where notice has not been given that a sale by auction is subject to a right to bid on behalf of the seller, it shall not be lawful for the seller to bid himself or to employ or induce any person to bid at such sale on his behalf or for the auctioneer, to employ or induce any person to bid at such sale on behalf of the seller or knowingly to take any bid from the seller or any person employed by him. Any sale contravening this rule may be treated as fraudulent by the buyer. (n) Art. 1477. The ownership of the thing sold shall be transferred to the vendee upon the actual or constructive delivery thereof. (n)
1486. In the case referred to in two preceding articles. (1454a)
Art. Should fungible things be sold for a price fixed according to weight. 1488. should the vendee's failure to pay cover two or more installments. or measure. the vendor may exercise any of the following remedies: (1) Exact fulfillment of the obligation. This rule shall apply to the sale of fungible things. and if the contract be by sample as well as description. 1484. the contract may be rescinded if the bulk of the goods delivered do not correspond with the description or the sample. from the moment of the perfection of the contract to the time of delivery. Any injury to or benefit from the thing sold. The preceding article shall be applied to contracts purporting to be leases of personal property with option to buy. 1483. In a contract of sale of personal property the price of which is payable in installments. Subject to the provisions of the Statute of Frauds and of any other applicable statute. 1478.Art. if one has been constituted. number. A promise to buy and sell a determinate thing for a price certain is reciprocally demandable. (1452a) Art. unless the latter has incurred in delay. number. it is not sufficient that the bulk of goods correspond with the sample if they do not also correspond with the description. The parties may stipulate that ownership in the thing shall not pass to the purchaser until he has fully paid the price. (1454-A-a) Art. a contract of sale may be made in writing. counted. (1455a) Art. The expropriation of property for public use is governed by special laws. it shall be considered as part of the price and as proof of the perfection of the contract. when the lessor has deprived the lessee of the possession or enjoyment of the thing. (n) Art. Any agreement to the contrary shall be void. 1487. 1482. (1456)
. (n) Art. The buyer shall have a reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the description or the sample. 1480. should the vendee fail to pay. Whenever earnest money is given in a contract of sale. (2) Cancel the sale. made independently and for a single price. (1454 -A-a) Art. or measured and delivered. 1485. unless there is a stipulation to the contrary. An accepted unilateral promise to buy or to sell a determinate thing for a price certain is binding upon the promissor if the promise is supported by a consideration distinct from the price. or by word of mouth. or partly in writing and partly by word of mouth. shall be governed by Articles 1163 to 1165. or measure. and 1262. (n) Art. a stipulation that the installments or rents paid shall not be returned to the vendee or lessee shall be valid insofar as the same may not be unconscionable under the circumstances. (n) Art. 1479. 1481. In this case. after the contract has been perfected. The expenses for the execution and registration of the sale shall be borne by the vendor. the risk shall not be imputed to the vendee until they have been weighed. he shall have no further action against the purchaser to recover any unpaid balance of the price. In the contract of sale of goods by description or by sample. (1451a) Art. (3) Foreclose the chattel mortgage on the thing sold. or may be inferred from the conduct of the parties. or without consideration of their weight. should the vendee's failure to pay cover two or more installments.
this prohibition includes the act of acquiring by assignment and shall apply to lawyers. he must pay a reasonable price therefor. paying its price in proportion to the total sum agreed upon. clerks of superior and inferior courts. 1490. If at the time the contract of sale is perfected. The husband and the wife cannot sell property to each other. judges. this provision shal l apply to judges and government experts who. But if the thing should have been lost in part only. with respect to the property and rights which may be the object of any litigation in which they may take part by virtue of their profession. (1460a) Art. the property of the State or of any subdivision thereof. in any manner whatsoever. (2) Agents. the buyer may at his option treat the sale: (1) As avoided. even at a public or judicial auction. saving the modifications contained in the following articles. (4) Public officers and employees. the property whose administration or sale may have been entrusted to them. the property and rights in litigation or levied upon an execution before the court within whose jurisdiction or territory they exercise their respective functions. the contract shall be without any effect. All persons who are authorized in thi s Code to obligate themselves. (1459a) Art. or (2) As valid in all of the existing goods or in so much thereof as have not deteriorated. Necessaries are those referred to in Article 290. 1489. take part in the sale. may enter into a contract of sale. and the goods without the knowledge of the seller have perished in part or have wholly or in a material part so deteriorated in quality as to be substantially changed in character. The prohibitions in the two preceding articles are applicable to sales in legal redemption. except: (1) When a separation of property was agreed upon in the marriage settlements. or (2) When there has been a judicial separation or property under Article 191. The following persons cannot acquire by purchase. compromises and renunciations. 1494. 1493. either in person or through the mediation of another: (1) The guardian. (1457a) Art. or institution. Where the parties purport a sale of specific goods. the property of the estate under administration. unless the consent of the principal has been given.CAPACITY TO BUY OR SELL Art. prosecuting attorneys. 1491. 1492.
(5) Justices. the thing which is the object of the contract has been entirely lost. or of any government-owned or controlled corporation. the vendee may choose between withdrawing from the contract and demanding the remaining part. the property of the person or persons who may be under his guardianship. Where necessaries are those sold and delivered to a minor or other person without capacity to act. and as binding the buyer to pay the agreed price for the goods in
. the administration of which has been intrusted to them. (6) Any others specially disqualified by law. (3) Executors and administrators. and other officers and employees connected with the administration of justice. (n) CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF THE CONTRACT WHEN THE THING SOLD HAS BEEN LOST Art. (1458a) Art.
the ownership passes to the buyer of deliver y. (n) be tradition
. The delivery of movable property may likewise be made by the mere consent or agreement of the contracting parties. (n) Art. . on the expiration of such time. and by the bill of lading the goods are deliverable to the seller or his agent. 1499. 1501. When there is a contract of sale of specific goods. What is a reasonable time is a question of fact. the provisions of the first paragraph of article 1498 shall govern. 1496. With respect to incorporea l property. by the terms of the contract. and.General Provisions Art. the seller may. 1502. if no time has been fixed. . Where goods are shipped. 1495. or other similar terms. The right of possession or ownership may be thus reserved notwithstanding the delivery of the goods to the buyer or to a carrier or other bailee for the purpose of transmission to the buyer. reserve the right of possession or ownership in the goods until certain conditions have been fulfilled. (1463a) Art. or to the order of the seller or of his agent. 1497.Delivery of the Thing Sold Art. or if the latter already had it in his possession for any other reason. In any other case wherein said provisions are not applicable. if no time has been fixed. if from the deed the contrary does not appear or cannot clearly be inferred.which the ownership will pass. 1500. the execution thereof shall be equivalent to the delivery of the thing which is the object of the contract. shall be understood as a delivery. but he may revest the ownership in the seller by returning or tendering the goods within the time fixed in the contract. The thing sold shall be understood as delivered. When goods are delivered to the buyer "on sale or return" to give the buyer an option to return the goods instead of paying the price. (1462a) Art. The ownership of the thing sold is acquired by the vendee from the moment it is delivered to him in any of the ways specified in Articles 1497 to 1501. if the thing sold cannot be transferred to the possession of the vendee at the time of the sale. There may also constitutum possessorium. if the sale was divisible. With regard to movable property. or in any other manner signifying an agreement that the possession is transferred from the vendor to the vendee. The vendor is bound to transfer the ownership of and deliver. (2) If he does not signify his approval or acceptance to the seller. but retains the goods without giving notice of rejection. within a reasonable time. then if a time has been fixed for the return of the goods. with the vendor's consent. the ownership therein passes to the buyer: (1) When he signifies his approval or acceptance to the seller or does any other act adopting the transaction. the seller thereby reserves the ownership
SECTION 2. (1461a) Art. its delivery may also be made by the delivery of the keys of the place or depository where it is stored or kept. (n)
CHAPTER 4 OBLIGATIONS OF THE VENDOR SECTION 1. or. 1503. (n)
Art. (n) When goods are delivered to the buyer on approval or on trial or on satisfaction. as well as warrant the thing which is the object of the s ale. 1498. the placing of the titles of ownership in the possession of the vendee or the use by the vendee of his rights. when it is placed in the control and possession of the vendee. on the expiration of a reasonable time. (1464) Art. When the sale is made through a public instrument. (1463a) Art.
the seller's property in the goods shall be deemed to be only for the purpose of securing performance by the buyer of his obligations under the contract. recording laws. Where goods are shipped. 1507. 1504. (n) Art. or in fairs. the seller thereby reserves a right to the possession of the goods as against the buyer. 1506. 1508. or to the order of any person named in such document is a negotiable document of title. A negotiable document of title may be negotiated by delivery: (1) Where by the terms of the document the carrier. for value. and if he wrongfully retains the bill of lading he acquires no added right thereby. or of the goods. Subject to the provisions of this Title. or goods from the buyer will obtain the ownership in the goods. where goods are sold by a person who is not the owner thereof. or any other provision of law enabling the apparent owner of goods to dispose of them as if he were the true owner thereof. or to the buyer by the consignee named therein. the buyer acquires no better title to the goods than the seller had. the buyer acquires a good title to the goods. (3) Purchases made in a merchant's store. Nothing in this Title. the bill of lading provides that the goods are deliverable to the buyer or to the order of the buyer. provided that such purchaser has received delivery of the bill of lading indorsed by the consignee named therein. If. in pursuance of the contract and the ownership in the goods has been retained by the seller merely to secure performance by the buyer of his obligations under the contract. or is indorsed in blank. Unless otherwise agreed. and by the bill of lading the goods are deliverable to order of the buyer or of his agent. the bill of lading. (n) Art. and who does not sell them under authority or with the consent of the owner. in accordance with the Code of Commerce and special laws. but when the ownership therein is transferred to the buyer the goods are at the buyer's risk whether actual delivery has been made or not. however. if except for the form of the bill of lading. (n) Art. But.in the goods. (n) Art.
(2) Where actual delivery has been delayed through the fault of either the buyer or seller the goods are at the risk of the party in fault. shall affect: (1) The provisions of any factors' act. but his title has not been avoided at the time of the sale. and without notice of the seller's defect of title. Where the seller of goods draws on the buyer for the price and transmits the bill of exchange and bill of lading together to the buyer to secure acceptance or payment of the bill of exchange. except that: (1) Where delivery of the goods has been made to the buyer or to a bailee for the buyer. (n) Art. the goods are at the buyer's risk from the time of such delivery. provided he buys them in good faith. one who purchases in good faith. unless the owner of the goods is by his conduct precluded from denying the seller's authority to sell. although the bill of exchange has not been honored. the buyer is bound to return the bill of lading if he does not honor the bill of exchange. A document of title in which it is stated that the goods referred to therein will be delivered to the bearer. the goods remain at the seller's risk until the ownership therein is transferred to the buyer. however. for value. Where the seller of goods has a voidable title thereto. the ownership would have passed to the buyer on shipment of the goods. (2) The validity of any contract of sale under statutory power of sale or under the order of a court of competent jurisdiction. 1505. or markets. warehouseman or other bailee
. but possession of th e bill of lading is retained by the seller or his agent. without notice of the facts making the transfer wrongful.
If indorsed to a specified person. If the document is non-negotiable. (n) Art. (n) Art. A negotiable document of title may be negotiated: (1) By the owner therefor. Such endorsement may be in blank. and in such case the document shall thereafter be negotiated only by the endorsement of such endorsee. by the terms of the document the bailee issuing the document undertakes to deliver the goods to the order of the person to whom the possession or custody of the document has been entrusted. Subsequent negotiations may be made in like manner. as against the transferor. But nothing in this Title contained shall be construed as limiting or defining the effect upon the obligations of the carrier.issuing the same undertakes to deliver the goods to the bearer." or the like. warehouseman or other bailee issuing the same undertakes to deliver the goods to the order of a specified person. but not negotiated. or (2) By any person to whom the possession or custody of the document has been entrusted by the owner. acquires thereby." "non-negotiable. If a document of title which contains an undertaking by a carrier. warehouseman. it may be again negotiated by the endorsement of such person in blank. A negotiable document of title may be negotiated by the endorsement of the person to whose order the goods are by the terms of the document deliverable. Where by the terms of a negotiable document of title the goods are deliverable to bearer or where a negotiable document of title has been indorsed in blank or to bearer. (n) Art. A non-negotiable document cannot be negotiated and the endorsement of such a document gives the transferee no additional right. to a specified person or order of a specified person or which contains words of like import. subject to the terms of any agreement with the transferor. and such person or a subsequent endorsee of the document has indorsed it in blank or to the bearer. (n) Art. has placed upon it the words "not negotiable. 1511. or other bailee issuing a document of title or placing thereon the words "not negotiable. and
. or (2) Where by the terms of the document the carrier. to bearer or to a specified person. 1510. 1514. A person to whom a document of title has been transferred. or if at the time of such entrusting the document is in such form that it may be negotiated by delivery. the title to the goods." "nonnegotiable" or the like. (n) Art. any holder ma y indorse the same to himself or to any specified person. such person also acquires the right to notify the bailee who issued the document of the transfer thereof. to bearer or to another specified person. A person to whom a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated acquires thereby: (1) Such title to the goods as the person negotiating the document to him had or had ability to convey to a purchaser in good faith for value and also such title to the goods as the person to whose order the goods were to be delivered by the terms of the document had or had ability to convey to a purchaser in good faith for value. 1513. 1509. if. and (2) The direct obligation of the bailee issuing the document to hold possession of the goods for him according to the terms of the document as fully as if such bailee had contracted directly with him. A document of title which is not in such form that it can be negotiated by delivery may be transferred by the holder by delivery to a
purchaser or donee. such document may nevertheless be negotiated by the holder and is a negotiable document of title within the meaning of this Title. 1512. warehouseman or other bailee to deliver the goods to bearer. (n) Art.
Prior to the notification to such bailee by the transferor or transferee of a non-negotiable document of title. accident.thereby to acquire the direct obligation of such bailee to hold possession of the goods for him according to the terms of the document. The negotiation shall take effect as of the time when the endorsement is actually made. including one who assigns for value a claim secured by a document of title unless a contrary intention appears. express or implied. fraud. (n) Art. and the endorsement of the transferor is essential for negotiation. 1515. be attached by garnishment or otherwise or be levied under an execution unless the document be first surrendered to the baile e or its negotiation enjoined. Whether it is for the buyer to take possession of the goods or of the seller to send them to the buyer is a question depending in each case on the contract. mistake. 1519. or by the fact that the owner of the document was deprived of the possession of the same by loss. and (4) That he has a right to transfer the title to the goods and that the goods are merchantable or fit for a particular purpose. or conversion. The bailee shall in no case be compelled to deliver up the actual possession of the goods until the document is surrendered to him or impounded by the court. or by a notification to such bailee by the transferor or a subsequent purchaser from the transfer of a subsequent sale of the goods by the transferor. Where a negotiable document of title is transferred for value by delivery. the place of delivery is the seller's place of business if he has one. (n) Art. while in possession of such bailee. duress or conversion. duress. or loss. The endorsement of a document of title shall not make the endorser liable for any
failure on the part of the bailee who issued the document or previous endorsers thereof to fulfill their respective obligations. (n) Art. which to the knowledge of the
. or usage of trade to the contrary. 1517. express or implied. (n) Art. A creditor whose debtor is the owner of a negotiable document of title shall be entitled to such aid from courts of appropriate jurisdiction by injunction and otherwise in attaching such document or in satisfying the claim by means thereof as is allowed at law or in equity in regard to property which cannot readily be attached or levied upon by ordinary legal process. mistake. between the parties. and if not his residence. (n) Art. 1520. 1518. (3) That he has knowledge of no fact which would impair the validity or worth of the document. 1516. whenever such warranties would have been implied if the contract of the parties had been to transfer without a document of title the goods represented thereby. if the person to whom the document was negotiated or a person to whom the document was subsequently negotiated paid value therefor in good faith without notice of the breach of duty. (2) That he has a legal right to negotiate or transfer it. theft. If goods are delivered to a bailee by the owner or by a person whose act in conveying the title to them to a purchaser in good faith for value would bind the owner and a negotiable document of title is issued for them they cannot thereafter. Apart from any such contract. fraud. theft. The validity of the negotiation of a negotiable document of title is not impaired by the fact that the negotiation was a breach of duty on the part of the person making the negotiation. warrants: (1) That the document is genuine. 1521. accident. (n) Art. the title of the transferee to the goods and the right to acquire the obligation of such bailee may be defeated by the levy of an attachment of execution upon the goods by a creditor of the transferor. A person who for value negotiates or transfers a document of title by endorsement or delivery. (n) Art. but in case of a contract of sale of specific goods. the transferee acquires a right against the transferor to compel him to endorse the document unless a contrary intention appears.
(n) Art. Where by a contract of sale the seller is bound to send the goods to the buyer. the buyer may decline to treat the delivery to the carrier as a delivery to himself. for the purpose of transmission to the buyer is deemed to be a delivery of the goods to the buyer. knowing that the seller is not going to perform the contract in full. 1525. Unless otherwise agreed. however. he must pay for them at the contract rate. whether named by the buyer or not. the buyer has used or disposed of the goods delivered before he knows that the seller is not going to perform hi s contract in full. the seller must make such contract with the carrier on behalf of the buyer as may be reasonable.parties when the contract or the sale was made were in some other place. The seller of goods is deemed to be an unpaid seller within the meaning of this Title: (1) When the whole of the price has not been paid or tendered. 1522. the buyer may reject them. where goods are sent by the seller to the buyer under circumstances in which the seller knows or ought to know that it is usual to insure. 1524. the buyer shall not be liable for more than the fair value to him of the goods so received. or if no period for the payment has been fixed in the contract. If the buyer accepts the whole of the goods so delivered he must pay for them at the contract rate. If the seller omit so to do. delivery of the goods to a carrier. if the vendee has not paid him the price. Where the seller delivers to the buyer the goods he contracted to sell mixed with goods of a different description not included i n the contract. and. the buyer may reject the whole of the goods. What is a reasonable hour is a question of fact. Unless otherwise agreed. (2) When a bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument has been received as conditional payment. if the seller fails to do so. except in the case provided for in Article 1503. but no time for sending them is fixed. (n) Art. in pursuance of a contract of sale. the buyer may accept the goods included in the contract and reject the rest. but if the buyer accepts or retains the goods so delivered. and the goods are lost or damaged in course of transit. if the subject matter is indivisible. If. the seller has not fulfilled his obligation to deliver to the buyer unless and until such third person acknowledg es to the buyer that he holds the goods on the buyer's behalf. Where. (1466) Art. the seller must give such notice to the buyer as may enable him to insure them during their transit. having regard to the nature of the goods and the other circumstances of the case. Unless otherwise authorized by the buyer. and the condition
. the expenses of and incidental to putting the goods into a deliverable state must be borne by the seller. Demand or tender of delivery may be treated as ineffectual unless made at a reasonable hour. the goods shall be deemed to be at his risk during such transit. 1523. The provisions of this article are subject to any usage of trade.
In the preceding two paragraphs. or unless a contrary intent appears. then that place is the place of delivery. the buyer may accept the goods which are in accordance with the contract and reject the rest. (n) Art. second and third paragraphs. the seller is bound to send them within a reasonable time. or course of dealing between the parties. or may hold the seller responsible in damages. Where the goods at the time of sale are in the possession of a third person. first. special agreement. the seller is authorized or required to send the goods to the buyer. The vendor shall not be bound to deliver the thing sold. Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods larger than he contracted to sell. Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods less than he contracted to sell.
he may resume possession of the goods at any time while they are in transit. 1528. Subject to the provisions of this Title. 1529. having a lien thereon. (n) Art. The unpaid seller of goods. (3) A right of resale as limited by this Title. Goods are in transit within the meaning of the preceding article: (1) From the time when they are delivered to a carrier by land. or air. (2) In case of the insolvency of the buyer. but the term of credit has expired. or any other person who is in the position of a seller. that is to say. (3) Where the buyer becomes insolvent. when the buyer of goods is or becomes insolvent. or is directly responsible for the price. The unpaid seller of goods loses his lien thereon: (1) When he delivers the goods to a carrier or other bailee for the purpose of transmission to the buyer without reserving the ownership in the goods or the right to the possession thereof. Subject to the provisions of this Title. Subject to the provisions of this Title. does not lose his lien by reason only that he has obtained judgment or decree for the price of the goods. Where an unpaid seller has made part delivery of the goods. 1531.on which it was received has been broken by reason of the dishonor of the instrument. the unpaid seller has.
The seller may exercise his right of lien notwithstanding that he is in possession of the goods as agent or bailee for the buyer. namely: (1) Where the goods have been sold without any stipulation as to credit. unless such part delivery has been made under such circumstances as to show an intent to waive the lien or right of retention. in addition to his other remedies a right of withholding delivery similar to and coextensive with his rights of lien and stoppage in transitu where the ownership has passed to the buyer. (2) When the buyer or his agent lawfully obtains possession of the goods. he may exercise his right of lien on the remainder. 1530. (n) Art. or his agent in that behalf. 1527.
. a right of stopping the goods in transitu after he has parted with the possession of them. the unpaid seller of goods. until the buyer. the unpaid seller who has parted with the possession of the goods has the right of stopping them in transitu. (3) By waiver thereof. water. 1526. and he will then become entitled to the same rights in regard to the goods as he would have had if he had never parted with the possession. the insolvency of the buyer. (n) Art. or otherwise. the unpaid seller of goods who is in possession of them is entitled to retain possession of them until payment or tender of the price in the following cases. (n) Art. Where the ownership in the goods has not passed to the buyer. (n) Art. (2) Where the goods have been sold on credit. In Articles 1525 to 1535 the term "seller" includes an agent of the seller to whom the bill of lading has been indorsed. (n) Art. as such. or a consigno r or agent who has himself paid. or other bailee for the purpose of transmission to the buyer. notwithstanding that the ownership in the goods may have passed to the buyer. takes delivery of them from such carrier or other bailee. (4) A right to rescind the sale as likewise limited by this Title. has: (1) A lien on the goods or right to retain them for the price while he is in possession of them.
(2) If the goods are rejected by the buyer. 1532. a negotiable document of title representing the goods has been issued by the carrier or other bailee. 1533. (n) Art. however. as authorized in this article. Goods are no longer in transit within the meaning of the preceding article: (1) If the buyer. the remainder of the goods may be stopped in transitu. (n) Art. the giving or failure to give such notice shall be relevant in any issue involving the question whether the buyer had been in default for an unreasonable time before the resale was made. it is a question depending on the circumstances of the particular case. after the arrival of the goods at the appointed destination. by the exercise of reasonable diligence. freight train. obtains delivery of the goods before their arrival at the appointed destination. must be given at such time and under such circumstances that the principal. the buyer acquires a good title as against the original buyer. or airplane chartered by the buyer. But where the right to resell is not based on the perishable nature of the goods or upon an express provision of the contract of sale. Where a resale is made.
When notice of stoppage in transitu is given by the seller to the carrier. (n)
. or his agent in that behalf. The expenses of such delivery must be borne by the seller. the carrier o r other bailee acknowledges to the buyer or his agent that he holds the goods on his behalf and continues in possession of them as bailee for the buyer or his agent. If the goods are delivered to a ship. to be effectual. He cannot. Where the goods are of perishable nature. or where the buyer has been in default in the payment of the price for an unreasonable time. or according to the directions of. may prevent a delivery to the buyer. whether they are in the possession of the carrier as such or as agent of the buyer. even if the seller has refused to receive them back. (3) If the carrier or other bailee wrongfully refuses to deliver the goods to the buyer or his agent in that behalf. however. an unpaid seller having a right of lien or having stopped the goods in transitu may resell the goods. The unpaid seller may exercise his right of stoppage in transitu either by obtaining actual possession of the goods or by giving notice of his claim to the carrier or other bailee in whose possession the goods are. unless such part delivery has been under such circumstances as to show an agreement with the buyer to give up possession of the whole of the goods. he shall not obliged to deliver or justified in delivering the goods to the seller unless such document is first surrendered for cancellation. truck. and it is immaterial that further destination for the goods may have been indicated by the buyer. If part delivery of the goods has been made to the buyer. (2) If. The seller is bound to exercise reasonable care and judgment in making a resale. but may recover from the buyer damages for any loss occasioned by the breach of the contract of sale. or his agent in that behalf. and subject to this requirement may make a resale either by public or private sale. He shall not thereafter be liable to the original buyer upon the contract of sale or for any profit made by such resale. Such notice may be given either to the person in actual possession of the goods or to his principal. and the carrier or other bailee continues in possession of them. or other bailee in possession of the goods. If. or where the seller expressly reserves the right of resale in case the buyer should make default. the seller. It is not essential to the validity of a resale that notice of the time and place of such resale should be given by the seller to the original buyer. directly or indirectly buy the goods. It is not essential to the validity of resale that notice of an intention to resell the goods be given by the seller to the original buyer. he must redeliver the goods to. In the latter case the notice.
if the latter should demand it. If he accepts the whole area. 1539. The same shall be done.Art. the vendee may choose between a proportional reduction of the price and the rescission of the contract. (n)
. there is a greater area or number in the immovable than that stated in the contract. the vendee may accept the area included in the contract and reject the rest. if any part of the immovable is not of the quality specified in the contract. all that may have been stated in the contract. (1468a) Art. should this be not possible. if the vendee would not have bought the immovable had he known of its smaller area of inferior quality. the vendor shall be obliged to deliver to the vendee. If. (n) Art. shall only take place at the will of the vendee. (n) Art. in the case of the preceding article. the vendor being considered the debtor. Subject to the provisions of this Title. but. An unpaid seller having the right of lien or having stopped the goods i n transitu. in conformity with the following rules: If the sale of real estate should be made with a statement of its area. 1538. or other bailee who issued such document. whether such negotiation be prior or subsequent to the notification to the carrier. at the rate of a certain price for a unit of measure or number. The seller shall not thereafter be liable to the buyer upon the contract of sale. the rules in Article 1189 shall be observed. The rescission. (1470a) Art. 1534. (n) Art. provided that. where he expressly reserved the right to do so in case the buyer should make default. of the seller's claim to a lien or right of stoppage in transitu. 1536. but the giving or failure to give notice to the buyer of the intentio n to rescind shall be relevant in any issue involving the question whether the buyer had been in default for an unreasonable time before the right of rescission was asserted. the lack in the area be not less than one-tenth of that stated. The transfer of title shall not be held to have been rescinded by an unpaid seller until he has manifested by notice to the buyer or by some other overt act an intention to rescind.
All the fruits shall pertain to the vendee from the day on which the contract was perfected. in the latter case. the unpaid seller's right of lien or stoppage in transitu is not affected by any sale. In case of loss. It is not necessary that such overt act should be communicated to the buyer. The vendor is bound to deliver the thing sold and its accessions and accessories in the condition in which they were upon the perfection of the contract. 1541. a negotiable document of title has been issued for goods. no seller's lien o r right of stoppage in transitu shall defeat the right of any purchaser for value in good faith to whom such document has been negotiated. 1535. when the inferior value of the thing sold exceeds one-tenth of the price agreed upon. however. (1469a) Art. he may rescind the sale. Nevertheless. but may recover from the buyer damages for any loss occasioned by the breach of the contract. may rescind the transfer of title and resume the ownership in the goods. The obligation to deliver the thing sold includes that of placing in the control of the vendee all that is mentioned in the contract. (1467a) Art. he must pay for the same at the contract rate. in this case. even when the area is the same. The vendor is not bound to deliver the thing sold in case the vendee should lose the right to make use of the terms as provided in Article 1198. or other disposition of the goods which the buyer may have made. or where the buyer has been in default in the payment of the price for an unreasonable time. unless the seller has assented thereto. deterioration or improvement of the thing before its delivery. If. The provisions of the two preceding articles shall apply to judicial sales. 1537. 1540.
the ownership shall be transferred to the person who may have first taken possession thereof in good faith. unless the seller made such affirmation or statement as an expert and it was relied upon by the buyer. mortgagee. for the sale of a thing in which a third person has a legal or equitab le interest. made for a lump sum and not at the rate of a certain sum for a unit of measure or number. (1471) Art. 1545. there shall be no increase or decrease of the price. Should it be immovable property. its area or number should be designated in the contract. to the person who presents the oldest title. Eviction shall take place whenever by a final judgment based on a right prior to the sale
SECTION 3. In a contract of sale. Any affirmation of fact or any promise by the seller relating to the thing is an express warranty if the natural tendency of such affirmation or promise is to induce the buyer to purchase the same. 1542. This Article shall not. or any charge or encumbrance not declared or known to the buyer. counted from the day of delivery. nor any statement purporting to be a statement of the seller's opinion only. If the same thing should have been sold to different vendees. and. in proportion to what is lacking in the area or number. (1473)
has promised that the condition should happen or be performed.Warranty in Case of Eviction Art. shall be construed as a warranty. 1548. (n) Art. although there be a greater or less area or number than that stated in the contract. be held to render liable a sheriff. should he not be able to do so. unless the contract is rescinded because the vendee does not accede to the failure to deliver what has been stipulated. or other person professing to sell by virtue of authority in fact or law. the ownership shall pertain to the person who in good faith was first in the possession. pledgee. there is: (1) An implied warranty on the part of the seller that he has a right to sell the thing at the time when the ownership is to pass. The actions arising from Articles 1539 and 1542 shall prescribe in six months. . but if. Where the ownership in the thing has not passed. 1546. No affirmation of the value of the thing. unless a contrary intention appears. auctioneer. In the sale of real estate. 1543. he shall suffer a reduction in the price.Art. (2) An implied warranty that the thing shall be free from any hidden faults or defects. (n) SUBSECTION 1. the buyer may treat the fulfillment by the seller of his obligation to deliver the same as described and as warranted expressly or by implication in the contract of sale as a condition of the obligation of the buyer to perform his p romise to accept and pay for the thing. which is indispensable in every conveyance of real estate. however. such first mentioned party may also treat the nonperformance of the condition as a breach of warranty. . and that the buyer shall from that time have and enjoy the legal and peaceful possession of the thing. 1547. provided there is good faith. If the other party
. the vendor shall be bound to deliver all that is included within said boundaries . in the absence thereof. such party may refuse to proceed with the contract or he may waive performance of the condition. the ownership shall belong to the person acquiring it who in good faith first recorded it in the Registry of Property. even when it exceeds the area or number specified in the contract. Should there be no inscription. if it should be movable property. besides mentioning the boundaries. (n) Art. Where the obligation of either party to a contract of sale is subject to any condition which is not performed. 1544. and. and if the buyer purchase the thing relying thereon.Conditions and Warranties Art. (1472a) Art. The same rule shall be applied when two or more immovables as sold for a single price.
in relation to the whole. (4) The expenses of the contract. (1475a) Art. (n) Art. a part of the thing sold of such importance. 1550. and eviction should take place. The warranty cannot be enforced until a final judgment has been rendered. that the vendor be made a codefendant. 1558. Should the vendee lose. 1551. (1481a) Art. but with the obligation to return the thing without other encumbrances that those which it had when he acquired it. 1559. or for a separate price for each of them. (n) Art. (1482a) Art. be it greater or less than the price of the sale. if the vendee has paid them. The judgment debtor is also responsible for eviction in judicial sales. instead of enforcing the vendor's liability for eviction. The same rule shall be observed when two or more things have been jointly sold for a lump sum. The vendee need not appeal from the decision in order that the vendor may become liable for eviction. those of the suit brought against the vendor for the warranty. (1477) Art. 1555. If the immovable sold should be encumbered with any non-apparent burden or
. (1479a) Art. if it should clearly appear that the vendee would not have purchased one without the other. or suppress this legal obligation of the vendor. (n) Art. (3) The costs of the suit which caused the eviction. 1556. He may exercise this right of action. the vendee shall have the right to demand of the vendor: (1) The return of the value which the thing sold had at the time of the eviction. by reason of the eviction. the vendor is liable for eviction. When adverse possession had been commenced before the sale but the prescriptive period is completed after the transfer. he may demand the rescission of the contract. The vendor shall answer for the eviction even though nothing has been said in the contract on the subject. The defendant vendee shall ask. may increase. 1554. The vendor shall not be obliged to make good the proper warranty. the vendor shall not be liable for eviction. and. the vendee is deprived of the whole or of a part of the thing purchased. (n) Art. (1478) Art. the vendor shall only pay the value which the thing sold had at the time of the eviction. If the vendee has renounced the right to warranty in case of eviction. however. within the time fixed in the Rules of Court for answering the complaint. if he has been ordered to deliver them to the party who won the suit against him. When the warranty has been agreed upon or nothing has been stipulated on this point. in a proper case.or an act imputable to the vendor. if the sale was made in bad faith. 1557. diminish. 1549. (5) The damages and interests. if he acted in bad faith. 1552. Should the vendee have made the waiver with knowledge of the risks of eviction and assumed its consequences. in case eviction occurs. 1560. (1476) Art. If the property is sold for nonpayment of taxes due and not made known to the vendee before the sale. unless it is otherwise decreed in the judgment. and ornamental expenses. that he would not have bought it without said part. 1553. whereby th e vendee loses the thing acquired or a part thereof. Any stipulation exempting the vendor from the obligation to answer for eviction shall be void. the vendor shall not be liable. unless he is summoned in the suit for eviction at the instance of the vendee.
(2) The income or fruits. The contracting parties. (1480) Art.
and the vendor was not aware of the hidden faults or defects in the thing sold. (n) Art. and shall be obliged to return the price and refund the expenses of the contract. with damages in either case. If he was not aware of them. Within one year. and it appears that the buyer relies on the seller's skill or judgment (whether he be the grower or manufacturer or not). there is no warranty as to its fitness for any particular purpose. (n) Art. An implied warranty or condition as to the quality or fitness for a particular purpose may be annexed by the usage of trade.Warranty Against Hidden Defects of or Encumbrances Upon the Thing Sold Art. with damages. (n) Art. not mentioned in the agreement. expressly or by implication. and reimburse the
SUBSECTION 2. the vendee may bring the action for rescission. (1483a)
warranty that the goods shall reasonably fit for such purpose. 1566. 1564. if the seller is a dealer in goods of that kind. there is an implied warranty that the goods shall be free from any defect rendering them unmerchantable which would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample. makes known to the seller the particular purpose for which the goods are acquired.servitude. Neither right can be exercised if the non-apparent burden or servitude is recorded in the Registry of Property. 1567. he shall only return the price and interest thereon. and the vendor was aware of them. 1565 and 1566. should they render it unfit for the use for which it is intended. 1562. he may only bring an action for damages within an equal period.
(2) Where the goods are brought by description from a seller who deals in goods of that description (whether he be the grower or manufacturer or not). he shall bear the loss. 1565. he would not have acquired it or would have given a lower price for it. In the case of a contract of sale by sample. to be counted from the date on which he discovered the burden or servitude. there is an implied
. 1563. (n) Art. One year having elapsed. (1486a) Art. The vendor shall be responsible for warranty against the hidden defects which the thing sold may have. or for those which are not visible if the vendee is an expert who. 1568. he may ask for the rescission of the contract. 1561. unless there is a stipulation to the contrary. or sue for damages. In the cases of Articles 1561. (1485) Art. to be computed from the execution of the deed. unless he should prefer the appropriate indemnity. had the vendee been aware thereof. should have known them. This provision shall not apply if the contrary has been stipulated. but said vendor shall not be answerable for patent defects or those which may be visible. If the thing sold should be lost in consequence of the hidden faults. 1562. In a sale of goods. there is an implied warranty or condition as to the quality or fitness of the goods. or should they diminish its fitness for such use to such an extent that. by reason of his trade or profession. the vendee may elect between withdrawing from the contract and demanding a proportionate reduction of the price. 1564. unless there is an express warranty that the thing is free from all burdens and encumbrances. of such a nature that it must be presumed that the vendee would not have acquired it had he been aware thereof. (1484a) Art. . The vendor is responsible to the vendee for any hidden faults or defects in the thing sold. there is an implied warranty that the goods shall be of merchantable quality. In the case of contract of sale of a specified article under its patent or other trade name. even though he was not aware thereof. as follows: (1) Where the buyer.
unless it should appear that the vendee would not have purchased the sound animal or animals without the defective one. (1489a) Art. (1487a) Art. If two or more animals are sold together. and should thereafter be lost by a fortuitous event or through the fault of the vendee. (1492) Art. 1571. (1499) Art. (1496a) Art. 1578. (1488a) Art. but he must make use thereof within the same period which has been fixed for the exercise of the redhibitory action. and they are found to be unfit therefor. 1572. except that the judgment debtor shall not be liable for damages. There is no warranty against hidden defects of animals sold at fairs or at public auctions. If the vendor acted in bad faith. the latter may demand of the vendor the price which he paid. If the sale be rescinded. 1582. from the delivery of the thing sold. and not arising from the redhibitory fault or defect. the vendor shall be liable if the disease which cause the death existed at the time of the contract. yoke pair.
A contract of sale of animals shall also be void if the use or service for which they are acquired has been stated in the contract. This action can only be exercised with respect to faults and defects which are determined by law or by local customs. through ignorance or bad faith should fail to discover or disclose it. (1491) Art. the vendee being answerable for any injury due to his negligence. (1498) Art. or set is bought. The latter case shall be presumed when a team. The provisions of the preceding article with respect to the sale of animals shall in like manner be applicable to the sale of other things. he shall be liable for damages. The form of sale of large cattle shall be governed by special laws. less the value which the thing had when it was lost. The redhibitory action. 1574. 1581. 1570. or of live stock sold as condemned. (1494a) Art. The vendee is bound to a ccept delivery
. 1575. even in case a professional inspection has been made. 1579. the redhibitory defect of one shall only give rise to its redhibition. must be brought within forty days from the date of their delivery to the vendee. 1580. In the sale of animals with redhibitory defects. (1493a) Art. even if a separate price has been fixed for each one of the animals composing the same. (1497a) Art. 1569. (n)
CHAPTER 5 OBLIGATIONS OF THE VENDEE Art. whether for a lump sum or for a separate price for each of them. The preceding articles of this Subsection shall be applicable to judicial sales. The sale of animals suffering from contagious diseases shall be void. based on the faults or defects of animals. 1573. he shall pay damages to the vendee. But if the veterinarian. 1576. Actions arising from the provisions of the preceding ten articles shall be barred after six months.expenses of the contract which the vendee might have paid. If the hidden defect of animals. If the animal should die within three days after its purchase. the defect shall be considered as redhibitory. (1495) Art. the animal shall be returned in the condition in which it was sold and delivered. the vendee shall also enjoy the right mentioned in article 1567. 1577. and not that of the others. (1490) Art. If the thing sold had any hidden fault at the time of the sale. should be of such a nature that expert knowledge is not sufficient to discover it.
1586. Where goods are delivered to a carrier by the seller. he is bound. Unless otherwise agreed. or whether the breach is severable. he retains the goods without intimating to the seller that he has rejected them. 1589. In the absence of express or implied agreement of the parties. it depends in each case on the terms of the contract and the circumstances of the case. The buyer is deemed to have accepted the goods when he intimates to the seller that he has accepted them. in accordance with an order from or agreement with the buyer. or when the goods have been delivered to him. whether such terms are indicated by marking the goods with the words "collect on delivery. having the right so to do. or the buyer neglects or refuses without just cause to take delivery of or pay for one more instalments. But. (n) Art. (n) Art. when the seller tenders delivery of goods to the buyer. 1587. 1588. 1584.and to pay the price of the thing sold at the time and place stipulated in the contract. the buyer fails to give notice to the seller of the breach in any promise of warranty within a reasonable time after the buyer knows. upon the terms that the goods shall not be delivered by the carrier to the buyer until he has paid the price. he is not bound to return them to the seller. (2) Should the thing sold and delivered produce fruits or income. but it is sufficient if he notifies the seller that he refuses to accept them. the seller shall not be liable therefor. and the seller makes defective deliveries in respect of one or more instalments. he shall be liable as such. Unless otherwise agreed. and he does any act in relation to them which is inconsistent with the ownership of the seller. and he refuses to accept them. (1500a) Art. If the time and place should not have been stipulated. where good s are delivered to the buyer. (n) Art. the title thereto passes to him from the moment they are placed at his disposal. if. (n) Art." or otherwise. 1583. acceptance of the goods by the buyer shall not discharge the seller from liability in damages or other legal remedy for breach of any promise or warranty in the contract of sale. after the lapse of a reasonable time. giving rise to a claim for compensation but not to a right to treat the whole contract as broken. the buyer is not entitled to examine
the goods before the payment of the price. or when. or ought to know of such breach. (n) Art. he is not deemed to have accepted them unless and until he has had a reasonable opportunity of examining them for the purpose of ascertaining whether they are in conformity with the contract if there is no stipulation to the contrary. the payment must be made at the time and place of the delivery of the thing sold. (n) Art. in the following three cases: (1) Should it have been so stipulated. after acceptance of the goods. The vendee shall owe interest for the period between the delivery of the thing and the payment of the price. the buyer of goods is not bound to accept delivery thereof by installments. whether the breach of contract is so material as to justify the injured party in refusing to proceed further and suing for damages for breach of the entire contract. to afford the buyer a reasonable opportunity of examining the goods for the purpose of ascertaining whether they are in conformity with the contract. which he has not previously examined. If there is no stipulation as specified in the first paragraph of article 1523. Where goods are delivered to the buyer. in the absence of agreement or usage of trade permitting such examination. Unless otherwise agreed. If he voluntarily constitutes himself a depositary thereof. when the buyer's refusal to accept the goods is without just cause. 1585. on request. which are to be separately paid for. Where there is a contract of sale of goods to be delivered by stated installments.
After the demand. (1501a) Art. A mere act of trespass shall not authorize the suspension of the payment of the price. 1590. Although the ownership in the goods has not passed. unless the latter gives security for the return of the price in a proper case. or it has been stipulated that. Where the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to accept and pay for the goods. the ownership of the goods has passed to the buyer and he wrongfully neglects or refuses to pay for the goods according to the terms of the contract of sale. he should not have tendered the price at the same time. Where. the seller may maintain an action for the price although the ownership in the goods has not passed. (n) Art. (1502a) Art. the provisions of Article 1191 shall be observed. even after the expiration of the period. Thereafter the seller may treat the goods as the buyer's and may maintain an action for the price. and as to matters not specifically provided for herein. Actions for breach of the contract of sale of goods shall be governed particularly by the provisions of this Chapter. may notify the buyer that the goods are thereafter held by the seller as bailee for the buyer. (1505)
Art. and. 1592. should not have appeared to receive it. But it shall be a defense to such an action that the seller at any time before the judgment in such action has manifested an inability to perform the contract of sale on his part or an intention not to perform it. the vendee may pay. the rescission of the sale shall of right take place in the interest of the vendor. under a contract of sale. the price is payable on a certain day. fourth paragraph. (1504a) Art. or. 1596. if they cannot readily be resold for a reasonable price. are not applicable. the court may not grant him a new term.(3) Should he be in default. if the buyer refuses to receive them. and if the provisions of article 1596. 1594. Where there is an available market for the goods in question. by other applicable provisions of this Title. under a contract of sale. 1593. Should such ground not exist. 1591. if the vendee. even though it may have been stipulated that upon failure to pay the price at the time agreed upon the rescission of the contract shall of right take place. In the sale of immovable property. by a vindicatory action or a foreclosure of mortgage. Should the vendee be disturbed in the possession or ownership of the thing acquired. the seller may maintain an action against him for damages for nonacceptance. upon the expiration of the period fixed for the delivery of the thing. the seller may maintain an action against him for the price of the goods. he may suspend the payment of the price until the vendor has caused the disturbance or danger to cease. or should he have reasonable grounds to fear such disturbance. in the absence of special circumstances showing
. he may immediately sue for the rescission of the sale. notwithstanding any such contingency. (1503) Art. (n) Art. The measure of damages is the estimated loss directly and naturally resulting in the ordinary course of events from the buyer's breach of contract. 1595. With respect to movable property. Where. from the time of judicial or extrajudicial demand for the payment of the price. as long as no demand for rescission of the contract has been made upon him either judicially or by a notarial act. Should the vendor have reasonable grounds to fear the loss of immovable property sold and its price. the seller may offer to deliver the goods to the buyer. irrespective of delivery or of transfer of title and the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to pay such price. the vendee shall be bound to make the payment. the measure of damages is. unless a longer period has been stipulated for its payment. having appeared.
Where there is a breach of warranty by the seller. the breach of warranty by way of recoupment in diminution or extinction of the price. no other remedy can thereafter be granted. he cannot rescind the sale if he knew of the breach of warranty when he accepted the goods without protest. Where the seller has broken a contract to deliver specific or ascertained goods. without giving the seller the option of retaining the goods on payment of damages. or has manifested his inability to perform his obligation s thereunder.proximate damage of a different amount. or immediately after an offer to return the goods in exchange for repayment of the price. the buyer may. 1599. or has committed a breach thereof. (n) Art. (2) Accept or keep the goods and maintain an action against the seller for damages for the breach of warranty. (n) Art. The judgment or decree may be unconditional. the buyer repudiates the contract or notifies the seller to proceed no further therewith. If the price or any part thereof has already been paid. return them or offer to return them to the seller and recover the price or any part thereof which has been paid. Where the buyer is entitled to rescind the sale and elects to do so. Where the buyer is entitled to rescind the sale and elects to do so.
(3) Refuse to accept the goods. or. the buyer shall be liable to the seller for labor performed or expenses made before receiving notice of the buyer's repudiation or countermand. direct that the contract shall be performed specifically. the seller may totally rescind the contract of sale by giving notice of his election so to do to the buyer. the buyer shall
. and the buyer has repudiated the contract of sale. at his election: (1) Accept or keep the goods and set up against the seller. the seller shall be liable to repay so much thereof as has been paid. then at the time of the refusal to accept. 1598. payment of the price and otherwise. while labor or expense of material amount is necessary on the part of the seller to enable him to fulfill his obligations under the contract of sale. without prejudice to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 1191. 1597. Where the goods have been delivered to the buyer. if the seller refuses to accept an offer of the buyer to return the goods. (n) Art. When the buyer has claimed and been granted a remedy in anyone of these ways. or if he fails to notify the seller within a reasonable time of the election to rescind. or if he fails to return or to offer to return the goods to the seller in substantially as good condition as they were in at the time the ownership was transferred to the buyer. The profit the seller would have made if the contract or the sale had been fully performed shall be considered in awarding the damages. or upon such terms and conditions as to damages. a court may. such deterioration or injury shall not prevent the buyer from returning or offering to return the goods to the seller and rescinding the sale. But if deterioration or injury of the goods is due to the breach or warranty. (4) Rescind the contract of sale and refuse to receive the goods or if the goods have already been received. and maintain an action against the seller for damages for the breach of warranty. if no time was fixed for acceptance. he shall cease to be liable for the price upon returning or offering to return the goods. on the application of the buyer. as the court may deem just. the difference between the contract price and the market or current price at the time or times when the goods ought to have been accepted. If. concurrently with the return of the goods. Where the goods have not been delivered to the buyer.
Conventional Redemption Art. (6) In any other case where it may be fairly inferred that the real intention of the parties is that the transaction shall secure the payment of a debt or the performance of any other obligation. or other benefit to be received by the vendee as rent or otherwise shall be considered as interest which shall be subject to the usury laws. the period cannot exceed ten years. Conventional redemp tion shall take place when the vendor reserves the right to repurchase the thing sold. In case of real property. 1600. but subject to a lien to secure payment of any portion of the price which has been paid. 1601. (2) When the vendor remains possession as lessee or otherwise. In the cases referred to in Articles 1602 and 1604. fruits. (n) Art. and by conventional or legal redemption. (n) Art. (n)
CHAPTER 7 EXTINGUISHMENT OF SALE Art. The provisions of Article 1602 shall also apply to a contract purporting to be an absolute sale. (n) Art. in
(3) When upon or after the expiration of the right to repurchase another instrument extending the period of redemption or granting a new period is executed. (1508a) Art. the apparent vendor may ask for the reformation of the instrument. In any of the foregoing cases. (1507) Art. the consolidation of ownership in the vendee by virtue of the failure of the vendor to comply with the provisions of article 1616 shall not be recorded in the Registry of Property without a judicial order. a contract purporting to be a sale with right to repurchase shall be construed as an equitable mortgage. (5) In the case of breach of warranty of quality. in the absence of special circumstances showing proximate damage of a greater amount. Sales are extinguished by the same causes as all other obligations. any money. such loss. and with the remedies for the enforcement of such lien allowed to an unpaid seller by Article 1526. with the obligation to comply with the provisions of Article 1616 and other stipulations which may have been agreed upon. (n) Art. in the absence of an express agreement. (1506) SECTION 1.
. 1606. (5) When the vendor binds himself to pay the taxes on the thing sold. (n)
(4) When the purchaser retains for himself a part of the purchase price. by those stated in the preceding articles of this Title. . In case of doubt. the vendor may still exercise the right to repurchase within thirty days from the time final judgment was rendered in a civil action on the basis that the contract was a true sale with right to repurchase. 1605. in any of the following cases: (1) When the price of a sale with right to repurchase is unusually inadequate. 1604. The right referred to in Article 1601. However. is the difference between the value of the goods at the time of delivery to the buyer and the value they would have had if they had answered to the warranty. The contract shall be presumed to be an equitable mortgage. 1607. 1603. 1602. shall last four years from the date of the contract. after the vendor has been duly heard.thereafter be deemed to hold the goods as bailee for the seller. Should there be an agreement.
or it has been partitioned among them. if no indemnity was paid by the purchaser when the sale was executed. Each one of the co -owners of an undivided immovable who may have sold his share separately. counted from the anniversary of the date of the sale. Should there have been no fruits at the time of the sale and some exist at the time of redemption. the action for redemption cannot be
brought against each of them except for his own share. without prejudice to the provisions of the Mortgage Law and the Land Registration Law with respect to third persons. (1511) Art. may independently exercise the right of repurchase as regards his own share. (1517) Art. The same rule shall apply if the person who sold an immovable alone has left several heirs. 1619. The creditors of the vendor cannot make use of the right of redemption against the vendee. there shall be no reimbursement for or prorating of those existing at the time of redemption. even if in the second contract no mention should have been made of the right to repurchase. (1513) Art. giving the latter the part corresponding to the time he possessed the land in the last year. should sell an undivided immovable with a right of repurchase. may compel the vendor to redeem the whole property. 1615. (1516) Art. If several persons. 1616. and in accordance with the custom of the place where the land is situated. (1514) Art. (1510) Art. the vendee may demand of all the vendors or coheirs that they come to an agreement upon the purchase of the whole thing sold. and should they fail to do so. the vendee of a part of an undivided immovable who acquires the whole thereof in the case of article 498. and in addition: (1) The expenses of the contract. jointly and in the same contract. Legal redemption is the right to be subrogated. in the place of one who acquires a thing by purchase or dation in payment. (1519a) Art. 1611. visible or growing fruits.Legal Redemption Art. if the latter wishes to make use of the right of redemption. 1608. but he shall respect the leases which the latter may have executed in good faith. and the thing sold has been awarded to one of the heirs. and the vendee cannot compel him to redeem the whole property. (1518) Art. In the case of the preceding article. (1515) Art. whether the thing be undivided. . 1609. upon the same terms and conditions stipulated in the contract. 1610. in which case each of the latter may only redeem the part which he may have acquired. the vendee cannot be compelled to consent to a partial redemption. The vendee is subrogated to the vendor's rights and actions. The vendor cannot avail himself of the right of repurchase without returning to the vendee the price of the sale. they shall be prorated between the redemptioner and the vendee. the action for redemption may be instituted against him for the whole. 1612. until after they have exhausted the property of the vendor.Art. The vendor who recovers the thing sold shall receive it free from all charges or mortgages constituted by the vendee. or by any other transaction whereby
. The vendor may bring his action against every possessor whose right is derived from the vendee. In a sale with a right to repurchase. But if the inheritance has been divided. 1618. (1512) Art. 1613. 1617. If at the time of the execution of the sale there should be on the land. (1520)
SECTION 2. If the vendee should leave several heirs. (2) The necessary and useful expenses made on the thing sold. none of them may exercise this right for more than his respective share. and any other legitimate payments made by reason of the sale. 1614.
the owner whose intended use of the land in question appears best justified shall be preferred. unless it has been so expressly stipulated or unless the insolvency was prior to the sale and of common knowledge. is about to be re -sold. is alienated. The owners of adjoining lands shall also have the right of redemption when a piece of rural land. 1621. 1622. they may only do so in proportion to the share they may respectively have in the thing owned in common. ravines. the owner of the adjoining land of smaller area shall be preferred. (1521a) Art. drains. (n) Art. mortgage. (1527) Art. If two or more adjoining owners desire to exercise the right of redemption at the same time. and should both lands have the same area. 1 of Article 1616. roads and other apparent servitudes for the benefit of other estates. Even in these cases he shall only be liable for the price received and for the expenses specified in No. pledge or preference. unless it should have been sold as doubtful. also at a reasonable price. as the case may be. 1623. A co-owner of a thing may exercise the right of redemption in case the shares of all the other co-owners or of any of them. 1628. 1625. If the re-sale has been perfected. (1524a)
CHAPTER 8 ASSIGNMENT OF CREDITS AND OTHER INCORPOREAL RIGHTS Art. but not for the solvency of the debtor. (n)
Art. The assignment of a credit includes all the accessory rights. or by the vendor. before having knowledge of the assignment. pays his creditor shall be released from the obligation. This right is not applicable to adjacent lands which are separated by brooks.ownership is transmitted by onerous title. unless accompanied by an affidavit of the vendor that he has given written notice thereof to all possible redemptioners. or the instrument is recorded in the Registry of Property in case the assignment involves real property. the one who first requested the redemption. having been bought merely for speculation. 1624. unless it appears in a public instrument. The right of legal pre-emption or redemption shall not be exercised except within thirty days from the notice in writing by the prospective vendor. unless the grantee does not own any rural land. Whenever a piece of urban land which is so small and so situated that a major portion thereof cannot be used for any practical purpose within a reasonable time. right or action shall produce no effect as against third person. are sold to a third person. (1528) Art. the redemptioner shall pay only a reasonable one. If the price of the alienation is grossly excessive. The vendor in good faith shall be responsible for the existence and legality of the credit at the time of the sale. the owner of the adjoining land shall have a right of redemption. The debtor who. An assignment of creditors and other incorporeal rights shall be perfected in accordance with the provisions of Article 1475. 1627. The deed of sale shall not be recorded in the Registry of Property. When two or more owners of adjoining lands wish to exercise the right of pre-emption or redemption. An assignment of a credit. (1526) Art. Should two or more co-owners desire to exercise the right of redemption. 1620. the owner of any adjoining land has a right of preemption at a reasonable price. (1522a) Art. The right of redemption of co-owners excludes that of adjoining owners. the area of which does not exceed one hectare. 1626. (1523a) Art.
. such as a guaranty.
the liability shall cease one year after the maturity. (1532a) Art. shall comply by answering for the legitimacy of the whole in general. 1629. (2) To a creditor in payment of his credit. In case the assignor in good fai th should have made himself responsible for the solvency of the debtor. or products. reimburse the vendor for all that the latter may have paid for the debts of and charges on the estate and satisfy the credits he may have against the same. the judicial costs incurred by him. 1631.The vendor in bad faith shall always be answerable for the payment of all expenses. unless there is an agreement to the contrary. 1630. When a credit or other incorporeal right in litigation is sold. dock warrant. (1531) Art. (1534) Art. except in the case of eviction from the whole or the part of greater value. The term includes growing fruits or crops. or any other document used in the ordinary course of business in the sale or transfer of goods. (1533) Art. or authorizing or purporting to authorize the possessor of the document to transfer or receive. 1634. shall only be answerable for his character as an heir. 1632. on his part. The vendee shall. and for damages. One who sells an inheritance without enumerating the things of which it is composed. (1529) Art. rents. In the preceding articles in this Title governing the sale of goods. from the time of the assignment if the period had already expired. One who sells for a lump sum the whole of certain rights. (3) To the possessor of a tenement or piece of land which is subject to the right in litigation assigned. and the contracting parties should not have agreed upon the duration of the liability. it shall last for one year only. 1633. (1535) Art.
The debtor may exercise his right within thirty days from the date the assignee demands payment from him. "Goods" includes all chattels personal but not things in action or money of legal tender in the Philippines. (1536) CHAPTER 9 GENERAL PROVISIONS Art. "Order" relating to documents of title means an order by endorsement on the documents. From the provisions of the preceding article shall be excepted the assignments or sales made: (1) To a co-heir or co-owner of the right assigned. 1636. A credit or other incorporeal right shall be considered in litigation from the time the complaint concerning the same is answered. either by endorsement or by delivery. unless the context or subject matter otherwise requires: (1) "Document of title to goods" includes any bill of lading. "Specific goods" means goods identified and agreed upon at the time a contract of sale is made. "Quality of goods" includes their state or condition. but he shall not be obliged to warrant each of the various parts of which it may be composed. he shall pay the vendee thereof. as proof of the possession or control of the goods. "quedan." or warehouse receipt or order for the delivery of goods. (1530a) Art. the debtor shall have a right to extinguish it by reimbursing the assignee for the price the latter paid therefor. goods represented by such document. 1635. If the credit should be payable within a term or period which has not yet expired. Should the vendor have profited by some of the fruits or received anything from the inheritance sold. if the contrary has not been stipulated. and the interest on the price from the day on which the same was paid.
(n) Art.An antecedent or pre-existing claim. 1637. (3) Goods are in a "deliverable state" within the meaning of this Title when they are in such a state that the buyer would. be bound to take delivery of them. The provisions of this Title are subject to the rules laid down by the Mortgage Law and the Land Registration Law with regard to immovable property. (2) A person is insolvent within the meaning of this Title who either has ceased to pay his debts in the ordinary course of business or cannot pay his debts as they become due. whether for money or not. constitutes "value" where goods or documents of title are taken either in satisfaction thereof or as security therefor. under the contract. (1537a)
. whether insolvency proceedings have been commenced or not.
More From This UserSkip carouseljwCSC CPROConstitutional Law 2 - Prelims ReviewerTransfer Taxes.docxTransfer Taxes - Estate Taxation.docxLEGAL ETHICS - prelims reviewer - canons 9 to 11.docxScribd - ContractsRA 10172 and Its Implementing RulesRA 10172 and Its Implementing RulesHow to ThinkTax - Case 30 - Pepsi vs City of ButuanContex Corp vs CirRule 57 - 59, Rules of CourtEarthquakes and Countermeasuresevangelista v jarencioevangelista v jarencioSales - Title 6 - New Civil CodeLEGAL ETHICS - midterms reviewer - sansu iduyanLEGAL ETHICS - reviewer - canons 9 to 11LEGAL ETHICS - Prelims Reviewer - Sansu Iduyan
Sign up to vote on this titleUsefulNot usefulSales - Title 6 - New Civil Code by actuarial_researcher0.0 (0)EmbedDownloadRead on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)List price: $0.00Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate contentMore informationShow less
Related2012 Legal Ethics Bar Exam Qby ClambeauxObligations of the Vendorby Yeshua SantosTitle Vi Salesby Jean Melody NaranjoCivil Code Book 4 Title VIby Equi TinTitle VIIby Rock StoneSales Codalby autumn moon166 Week4by Patricia MoraSales & Barter (anne)by Anne MacailaoSales Codalby Junalliez YrekaArticles in Salesby CristineRamosTitle IV- Sales Codalby ira0716SALES.docby Rose Ann CalanglangSales BEDA Reviewerby Josephine Somera RomanoSALES_2009by xerah0808Sales Bedaby Anthony Rupac EscasinasSalesby Leenard Dev DulayThe Sale of Goods Actby Nimit ChoudharyDifference between sale and agreement to sellby Anuja JacobTrading Policyby nice guySample-NJ-LandSaleContractby jcerchioneArticle 1543-1641by JÜlie Ann PiliLaw - Obligation of the Vendeeby Iris Grace Culatanew 1by mendesGeneral Warrantyby kums61TU bbs second yearby sayang11590Sale of Goods Act, 1930by Prashanth NairMotecalvo vs Heirs of Primeroby happypammynessSGA - 1930by rahulroycgSimilar To Sales - Title 6 - New Civil CodeSkip carousel2012 Legal Ethics Bar Exam QObligations of the VendorTitle Vi SalesCivil Code Book 4 Title VITitle VIISales Codal166 Week4Sales & Barter (anne)Sales CodalArticles in SalesTitle IV- Sales CodalSALES.docSales BEDA ReviewerSALES_2009Sales BedaSalesThe Sale of Goods ActDifference between sale and agreement to sellTrading PolicySample-NJ-LandSaleContractArticle 1543-1641Law - Obligation of the Vendeenew 1General WarrantyTU bbs second yearSale of Goods Act, 1930Motecalvo vs Heirs of PrimeroSGA - 1930International Sale ContractCOMPILED Acap-Pajunar DigestSales - Title 6 - New Civil Code