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Draft Indian Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets (First Revision of IS : 1984) ICS , , - PDF
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1 For BIS Use Only Draft Indian Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets (First Revision of IS : 1984) ICS , , Not to be reproduced without the permission of Last date for receipt of BIS or used as a STANDARD Comments is: FOREWORD Formal clauses to be added later on. The vulcanized rubber gaskets covered by this standard are used in water, steam (low pressure), gas installations, diesel engines, etc. This standard was first published in The experience gained in implementation of the standard, revision/superseding of reference standards have necessitated this revision. Amendment 1 has been incorporated. This standard was first published in The experience gained in implementation of the standard and revision /superseding of reference standards have necessitated this revision. In view of prevailing conditions, the following requirements have been modified in this revision: i. Thickness recommended for rubber gaskets. ii. Materials used for manufacture of Type III and Type IV gaskets. iii. Ageing in oil for Type IV gaskets. iv. IRHD unit of Hardness changed to Shore A scale. v. Method of determination of Hardness in Shore A scale. In the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance has been derived from: IRSR : Rubber components used in the air brake equipment of the diesel and electric locos: Ministry of Railways, Government of India. IS 5192 : Part 1 : 1994 Natural rubber compounds - Specification : Part 1 for moulded Products IS 5192 : Part 2 : 1994 Natural rubber compounds - Specification : Part 2 for extruded products (second revision) IS : Sheet rubber jointing and rubber insertion jointing ( second revision ) ASTM D Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications BS 2751:2001 General purpose acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber compounds. Specification British Standards Institution (BSI). BS 2752:2003 Chloroprene rubber compounds. Specification British Standards Institution (BSI). 1
2 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the results of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1 SCOPE This standard prescribes requirements and tests for vulcanized rubber gaskets of four different types for various applications. Each type is divided into a number of classes in different hardness ranges. 2 REFERENCES The following Indian standards contain provisions which through reference in this text constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the recent editions of the standards: IS No. Title 3400 ( Part 1):1987 Methods of test for vulcanized rubbers: Part 1 Tensile stress-strain properties (second revision) 3400 (Part 4):1987 Methods of test for vulcanized rubbers: Part 4 Accelerated ageing (second revision) 3400 (Part 6):2005/ Methods of Test for Vulcanized Rubbers : Part 6 - Rubbers, Vulcanized ISO 1817:1999 Determination of the Effect of Liquids 3400 (Part 10) : 1977 Methods of Test for Vulcanized Rubbers - Part 10 ; Compression Set at Constant Strain 2500 ( Part 1):2000 Sampling Procedure for Inspection by Attributes - Part 1 ; Sampling Schemes Indexed by Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL) for Lot-by-lot Inspection 2. TYPES AND CLASSES 2.1 Types Vulcanized rubber gaskets shall be of four types depending upon the service conditions and applications, namely: Type I General purpose gaskets having superior physical properties. Type II General purpose gaskets having moderately good physical properties. Type III Oil resistant gaskets suitable for lubricating oil and fuels. Type IV Heat and oil resistant gaskets. 2.2 Classes There shall be four classes in Type I and three classes each in other types, depending upon their hardness as given in Tables 1 to REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Polymer The polymer or blends of polymers shall be as given under each type. However, other polymers as agreed to between purchaser and supplier may be used 2
3 provided all other test requirements are satisfied. All the constituent of the mix shall be free from foreign matter and grit. 3.2 Workmanship and Finish The gaskets shall be free from all such defects which may be deterimental to performance. 3.3 Thickness The recommended thicknesses of the rubber gaskets are 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm Tolerances on Specified Dimensions Tolerances on specified dimensions shall be as agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier. 4. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE I 4.1 This type refers to gaskets having superior physical properties, and useful at temperatures up to 70 C, not resistant to oils or solvents. Either natural or synthetic rubber or a blend thereof shall be used in the manufacture of these gaskets. Use of reclaimed rubber or ground vulcanized rubber is not permitted. 4.2 The gaskets are classified in four classes (A, B, C and D) and their physical properties shall be as given in Table 1. TABLE 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TYPE I GASKETS ( Clause 2.2 and 4.2 ) Physical Properties Class A B C D E Hardness, SHORE A Tensile strength, (kg/cm2), Min Ultimate elongation (%) Compression set at 70 C, Max 4.3 Accelerated Ageing The maximum variation of hardness after ageing at 70 ± 1 C for 72 hours in accordance with the method prescribed under 8.3 shall not be more than ± 5 SHORE A. The tensile strength shall not vary more than +10 percent and ultimate elongation shall not vary more than 15 percent when tested in accordance with the method prescribed under Water Absorption The gaskets shall not absorb more than 10 percent water by weight, when tested as prescribed in Appendix A. If the gaskets are to be used for food products, the water shall be free from turbidity, odour or taste at the end of the test. 5. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE II 3
4 5.1 This type refers to gaskets having moderately good physical properties and not intended for use in stringent working conditions. Either natural or synthetic rubber or a blend thereof may be used in their manufacture. Reclaimed rubber and ground vulcanized rubber may also be used. 5.2 The gaskets are divided in three classes (2A, 2B and 2C) and their physical properties shall be as given in Table 2. TABLE 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TPYE II GASKETS Physical Properties Class 2 A 2B 2 C Hardness, SHORE A Tensile strength, kg/cm2, ( Min ) Ultimate elongation (%), ( Min ) Compression set at 70 C Accelerated Ageing The maximum variation of hardness after ageing at 70 ± 1 C for 72 hours in accordance with method prescribed in 8.3 shall not be more than ± 5 SHORE A. The tensile strength shall not vary by more than +10 percent and ultimate elongation shall not vary more than 35 percent from that of unaged samples. 6. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE III OIL RESISTANT GASKETS 6.1 The gaskets of this type shall be suitable for hydro-carbon oils and fuels having aromatic content not exceeding 25 percent. For gaskets for use in oils having higher aromatic content, the manufacturer may be consulted. The gaskets shall be suitable for oil and heat resistant applications up to 100 C temperature. Basic polymer (nitrile or neoprene) shall be used in their manufacture. 6.2 The physical properties of these gaskets shall be as given in Table 3. TABLE 3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TPYE III GASKETS Physical Properties Class 3A 3B 3C Hardness, SHORE A Up to Above 70 Tensile strength (kg/cm2) Ultimate elongation (%), Min Compression set at C, (%) 6.3 Accelerated Ageing The maximum variation of hardness after ageing at 100 ± 2 C for 70 hours in accordance with method prescribed under 8.3 shall not be more than ± 15 SHORE A. The tensile strength shall not vary by more than +10 percent and elongation by 35 percent from that of unaged sample. 4
5 6.4 Ageing in Oil After ageing in applicable oil ( see Note ) at 100 ± 2 C for 72 hours, the hardness SHORE A shall not vary by more than ± 8 points, the tensile strength shall not vary by more than 35 percent and volume by percent with respect to actual values recorded before ageing. NOTE Additives used in various oils can affect the performance of rubber and hence while selecting the polymer, compatibility with oil under application needs to be established. 6.5 Ageing in Iso-Octane After ageing in iso-octance [ see Liquid A in IS : 3400 (Part 6)] at 70 ± 2 C for 70 hours, SHORE A shall not vary more than SHORE A, the tensile strength shall not vary by more than + 0 to 40 percent and volume shall not vary by more than + 12 percent with respect to actual values recorded before ageing. 7. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE IV 7.1 This type refers to gaskets having good to excellent heat and oil resistance properties. Basic polymer such as, NBR (nitrile), ACM (polyacrylate) or FKM (fluorocarbon rubberviton) shall be used in their manufacture. 7.2 The gaskets are divided into three classes and their physical properties shall be as given in Table 4. TABLE 4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TPYE IV GASKETS Physical Properties Class 4A 4B 4C Hardness, SHORE A 55 ± 5 65 ± 5 75 ± 5 Tensile strength, (kg/cm2) Elongation at break (%), Max Compression set at ± 1 C, (%) Max 7.3 Accelerated Ageing The maximum variation of hardness after ageing at 100 ± 2 C for 72 hours in accordance with method prescribed under 8.3 shall not be more than ± 15 SHORE A. Tensile strength and ultimate elongation shall not vary beyond the value given below. Tensile strength ± 20 percent, elongation at break percent from that of unaged sample. 7.4 Ageing in Oil After ageing in applicable oil ( see Note ) at 100 ± 2 C SHORE A for 72 hours, the hardness shall not vary by more than ± 8 percent, the tensile strength shall not vary by more than 35 percent and volume by ±8 percent with respect to actual values recorded before ageing. 5
6 Note Additives used in various oils can affect the performance of rubber and hence while selecting the polymer, compatibility with oil under application needs to be established. 8. TEST METHODS 8.1 Hardness Hardness of the gaskets shall be tested in accordance with the method prescribed in Appendix-C. 8.2 Tensile Strength and Ultimate Elongation Shall be carried out in accordance with method prescribed in IS : 3400 (Part 1) using type I dumbell test piece. 8.3 Accelerated Ageing The test pieces shall be subjected to this test in accordance with method prescribed in IS : 3400 (Part 4). 8.4 Compression Set Compression set shall be tested at 70 ± 1 C for 24 hours under 25 percent strain according to the method prescribed in IS : 3400 ( Part 10). Recovery time of 60 minutes shall be allowed. 8.5 For all types of gaskets, two test slabs, each of the following sizes shall be supplied: a) mm, and b) mm These slabs shall be compounded identically and cured to the same degree as the gaskets. 8.6 Unless otherwise agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier, all tests shall be carried out within 3 months from the receipt of the material by the purchaser. 9. SAMPLING Unless otherwise agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier, the procedure given in IS : 2500 (Part 1) shall be followed. For this purpose the Inspection Level III and AQL value of 2.5 percent as per IS : 2500 (Part 1) shall be taken. 10. MARKING The following details shall be clearly indicated on every gasket for any identification: a) Manufacturer s name, b) Type of gasket, and c) Date of manufacture ISI Certification Marking Details available with the Indian Standards Institution. 11. STORAGE Recommendation regarding storage conditions after receipt from the manufacturer are given in Appendix B. 6
7 ANNEXE A ( Clause 4.4 ) WATER ABSORPTION TEST A-1. Procedure From the finished gasket, cut a piece of about 3 g and weigh it accurately. Put in 150 ml of distilled water. Boil under reflux with air condenser for 168 hours. Remove the piece and weigh again after surface water layer is dried up with a filter paper. A-2. Calculation Water absorption, percent by mass = where W1 = original mass in grams of test piece before immersion in water, and W2 = mass in grams of the test piece after immersion in water. ANNEXE B ( Clause 11 ) RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING STORAGE AFTER RECEIPT B-1. To maintain the gasket in optimum condition they should be stored in cool and dark place. If there is any doubt about the condition of gasket, they should be retested before putting into service. B-2. Products should be issued in the order of their date of manufacture. C-1 Apparatus ANNEXE C ( Clause 8.1 ) DETERMINATION OF HARDNESS SHORE A a) Presser foot, with a hole between 2.5 and 3.2 mm in diameter, centered at least 6 mm from any edge of the foot. b) Indenter, formed from hardened steel rod between 1.15 and 1.40 mm in diameter to the shape and dimensions as shown in Fig. 1. c) Indenter Extension Indicating device (analog or electronic), having a scale reading from 0 to 100 with equal divisions throughout the range; for reading the extent of protrusion of the point of the indenter beyond the face of the presser foot; this may be read directly in terms of units ranging from zero, for full protrusion of 2.50 ± 0.04 mm to 100, for nil protrusion obtained by placing the pressure foot and indenter in firm contact with a flat piece of glass. The scale reading is an inverse function of the indenter extension. The device shall have a pointer that moves on the scale at a rate of one hardness point for each mm of indenter movement. 7
8 d) Timing device (optional), capable of being set to a desired elapsed time, signaling the operator or holding the hardness reading when the desired elapsed time has been reached. The timer should be automatically activated when the presser foot is in firm contact with the specimen being tested. e) Calibrated spring, for applying force to the indenter in accordance with the following equation: Force, N= H x where H x is hardness reading on Type A durometer. C - 2 Test Piece A = 2.5 to 3.2 mm B = 1.15 to 1.40 mm C = 2.5 ± 0.04 mm D = 0.79 ± 0.03 mm Fig 1. Indenter for type A durometer For the determination of hardness by Type A Shore durometer, the test piece should be at least 6 mm thick and of convenient area, unless it is known that results equivalent to the 6 mm values are obtained with a thinner test piece. A test piece may be composed of plied thin pieces to obtain the necessary thickness, but determinations made on such test pieces may not agree with those made on one-piece solid test pieces because the surfaces between plies may not be in complete contact with each other. The dimensions of the test piece should be sufficient to permit measurements at least 12 mm away from any edge, unless it is known that identical results are obtained when measurements are made at a lesser distance from an edge. The surface of the test piece should be flat over an area sufficient to permit the presser foot to be in contact with the test piece over an area having a radius of at 8
9 least 6 mm from the indenter point. Satisfactory hardness determinations cannot be made on rounded, uneven or rough surfaces. C - 3 Calibration The durometer spring shall be calibrated by supporting the durometer in a vertical position and applying a measurable force to the indenter tip (see fig 2). The device used to apply the force may be a dead weight or electronic load cell device capable of measuring applied force at 50% of the calibration tolerance. Care should be taken to ensure that the force is applied vertically to the indenter tip, as side loads will cause errors in calibration. Spring calibration shall be verified for durometer at scale readings of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90. The measured force (9.8 mass in kilograms) shall be equivalent to the force calculated by the equation 1. The measured force for Type A durometers shall be within ±0.08 N. Indenter shape and extension must be in accordance with C-1. Note - Instruments specifically designed for calibration of durometers may be used. Test blocks (rubber or spring type) provided for checking durometer operation are not to be relied upon as calibration standards. C - 4 Conditioning of Test Piece Test shall be made at 27 ± 2 C and relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent [see IS 196:l966 Atmospheric conditions for testing (revised) ]. Before testing the test pieces, the durometer and test pieces shall be conditioned at the temperature and humidity of test for a minimum of 40 hrs for test pieces of 7 mm or under in thickness and for a minimum of 88 hrs for test pieces over 7 mm in thickness. Provide adequate air circulation on all sides of the test specimens by placing them in suitable racks, hanging them from metal clips or laying them on wide-mesh, wire screen frames with at least 25 mm between the screen and the surface of the bench. If for any particular material or test, a specific longer time of conditioning is required, the time shall be agreed upon by 9
10 the interested parties. Shorter conditioning times may be used for thin test pieces provided equilibrium is substantially reached. C - 5 Procedure Place the test piece on a hard horizontal, plane surface, Hold the durometer in a vertical position with the point of the indenter at least 12 mm from any edge of the test piece, unless it is known that identical results are obtained when measurements are made with the indenter at a lesser distance. Apply the presser foot to the test piece as rapidly as possible, without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the surface of the test piece. Apply just sufficient pressure to obtain firm contact between presser foot and test piece (see Note below). After the presser foot is in firm contact with the test piece, the scale reading is to be taken within 1 s or after any period of time agreed upon between supplier and user unless the durometer has a maximum indicator, in which case the maximum reading is taken. The hardness reading may progressively decrease with time delay. Make one measurement at each of three or five different points distributed over the test piece at least 6 mm apart using the median of these measurements for the hardness value. NOTE: Better reproducibility may be obtained by using a mass centred on the axis of the indenter. Recommended mass is 1 kg for the Type A durometer. Durometer stands using the masses above as a constant load and a controlled descent speed, without shock, produce maximum repeatability. 10
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