Source: http://www.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB182
Timestamp: 2019-06-18 23:25:06
Document Index: 377427474

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 2', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 2']

Bill Text - SB-182 Local government: planning and zoning: wildfires.
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SB-182 Local government: planning and zoning: wildfires.(2019-2020)
Date Published: 05/24/2019 09:00 PM
SB182:v96#DOCUMENT
Amended IN Senate May 24, 2019
An act to repeal Section 815.11 of the Civil Code, to amend Sections 65007, 65302, 65584, 65584.04, and 65584.06 of, and to add Sections 65011, 65012, 65013, 65040.16, 65302.11, 65860.2, 65865.6, 65962.1, and 66474.03 to, the Government Code, to amend Section 13132.7 of the Health and Safety Code, to add Article 10 (commencing with Section 4751) to Chapter 10 of Part 2 of Division 4 of the Public Resources Code, and to amend Section 45 of Chapter 626 of the Statutes of 2018, relating to local government.
SB 182, as amended, Jackson. Local government: planning and zoning: wildfires.
(1) The Planning and Zoning Law requires the legislative body of a city or county to adopt a comprehensive, long-term general plan that includes various elements, including, among others, a housing element and a safety element for the protection of the community from unreasonable risks associated with the effects of various geologic and seismic hazards, flooding, and wildland and urban fires. Existing law requires the housing element to be revised according to a specific schedule. Existing law requires the planning agency to review and, if necessary, revise the safety element upon each revision of the housing element or local hazard mitigation plan, but not less than once every 8 years to identify new information relating to flood and fire hazards and climate adaptation and resiliency strategies applicable to the city or county that was not available during the previous revision of the safety element.
This bill would require the safety element, upon the next revision of the housing element or the hazard mitigation plan, on or after January 1, 2020, whichever occurs first, to be reviewed and updated as necessary to include a comprehensive retrofit strategy, as specified. The bill would also require the planning agency to review and, if necessary, revise the safety element upon each revision of the housing element or local hazard mitigation plan, but not less than once every 8 years, to identify new information relating to retrofit updates applicable to the city or county that was not available during the previous revision of the safety element. By increasing the duties of local officials, this bill would create a state-mandated local program.
(2) Existing law requires the general plan to include a land use element that designates the proposed general distribution and general location and extent of the uses of the land for, among other purposes, housing, business, and industry. Existing law additionally requires the general plan to include a housing element and requires each local government to review and revise its housing element, as specified.
This bill would require a city or county that contains a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, as defined, upon each revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2021, to amend the land use element of its general plan to contain, among other things, the locations of all wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas within the city or county and feasible implementation measures designed to carry out specified objectives goals, objectives, and policies relating to the protection of lives and property from unreasonable risk of wildfire. The bill would require the city or county to complete a review of, and make findings related to, wildfire risk reduction standards, as defined, upon each subsequent revision of the housing element, as provided. The bill would require the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection to review the findings and make recommendations, as provided.
The bill would additionally require the Office of the State Fire Marshal, in consultation with the Office of Planning and Research, on or before January 1, 2023, to review the wildfire risk reduction standards and specified wildfire risk reduction standards that meet certain requirements, adopt reasonable standards for third-party inspection and certifications for a specified enforcement program, and update the maps of the very high fire hazard severity zones, as specified.
Existing law requires county or city zoning ordinances to be consistent with the general plan of the county or city, as specified.
This bill would require a city or county that contains a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, within 12 months following the amendment of the city or county’s land use element, to adopt a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk overlay zone or otherwise amend its zoning ordinance so that it is consistent with the general plan, as specified.
This bill would additionally prohibit the legislative body of a city or county that contains a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, upon the effective date of the revision of the city or county’s land use element, from entering into a development agreement for property that is located within a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, approving specified discretionary permits or other discretionary entitlements for projects located within a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, or approving a tentative map or a parcel map for which a tentative map was not required for a subdivision that is located within a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, unless the city or county makes specified findings, findings based on substantial evidence in the record.
By increasing the duties of local officials, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program.
(3) Existing law requires the Department of Housing and Community Development, in consultation with each council of governments, to determine each region’s existing and projected housing need, as provided. Existing law requires each council of governments, or the department for cities and counties without a council of governments, to adopt a final regional housing need plan that allocates a share of the regional housing need to each city, county, or city and county and that furthers specified objectives.
This bill would make legislative findings and declarations regarding the need to reconcile the conflicting goals of reducing the number of the state’s residents that face wildfire risk while at the same time addressing decades of low housing construction rates and declares the intent of the Legislature to determine a method of addressing these two goals in the regional housing needs allocation process.
This bill would require the regional housing needs allocation plan to additionally further the objective of reducing development pressure within very high fire risk areas by considering allocation of a lower proportion of housing to jurisdictions that contain a greater amount of land within those very high fire risk areas, as specified.
(4) Existing law requires the council of governments, or delegate subregion, as applicable, to develop a proposed methodology for distributing the existing and projected regional housing need and, to the extent that sufficient data is available as provided, to include specified factors to develop the methodology that allocates regional housing needs, including, among other factors, the rate of overcrowding.
This bill would additionally require the council of governments, or delegate subregion, as applicable, to include within those factors, the amount of land in each member jurisdiction that is within a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area.
For cities and counties without a council of governments, existing law requires the Department of Housing and Community Development to determine and distribute the existing and projected housing need, unless that responsibility is delegated as provided to cities and counties, based upon available data and in consultation with the cities and counties, taking into consideration, among other things, the availability of suitable sites and public facilities.
This bill would also require the amount of land in each city and each county that is within a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, as defined, to be taken into consideration by the department.
(5) Existing law requires, for any conservation easement purchased with state funds on or after January 1, 2019, wherein land subject to the easement includes some forest lands, or consists completely of forest lands, to the extent not in conflict with federal law, the terms of any applicable bond, or the requirements of any other funding source, that the landowner agree, as part of the easement, to maintain and improve forest health through promotion of a more natural tree density, species composition, structure, and habitat function, to make improvements that increase the land’s ability to provide resilient, long-term carbon sequestration and net carbon stores, as well as watershed functions, to provide for the retention of larger trees and a natural range of age classes, and to ensure the growth and retention of such larger trees over time.
This bill would revise and recast this provision to instead require, for any conservation easement purchased with state funds on or after January 1, 2020, wherein land subject to the easement is comprised of specified forestland, to the extent not in conflict with federal law, the terms of any applicable bond, or the requirements of any other funding source, that the terms of the conservation easement address maintaining and improving forest health and resiliency to disturbances in order to conserve and enhance the land’s ability to provide long-term carbon sequestration, climate benefits, and watershed functions. The bill would also require the conservation easement, and any required management plan, to guide forest and other land management undertaken by the landowner to promote, among other things, native forest ecological structure and species composition, as specified.
(6) Existing law requires the Office of Planning and Research to implement various long-range planning and research policies and goals that are intended to, among other things, encourage the formation and proper functioning of local entities and, in connection with those responsibilities, to adopt guidelines for the preparation and content of the mandatory elements required in city and county general plans.
This bill would require the Office of Planning and Research, on or before January 1, 2023, in collaboration with cities and counties, to develop and post on its internet website a clearinghouse of local ordinances, policies, and best practices relating to land use planning in wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas, wildfire risk reduction, and wildfire preparedness, as specified.
(7) Existing law requires, until the 2023–24 fiscal year, the amount of $165,000,000 to be appropriated from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund to the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection for healthy forest and fire prevention programs and projects that improve forest health and reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by uncontrolled wildfires.
This bill would require an unspecified amount of those funds to be allocated by the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection for grants to cities and counties that contain one or more wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas for programs and projects that have the dual benefit of controlling the spread of wildfire and improving life safety, as specified. The bill would require the department to prioritize local assistance grant funding applications from local agencies based on the proportion of land located in wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas or on the recommendation of the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection for fire safety improvements.
(8) Existing law requires a common interest development within a very high fire severity zone to allow an owner to install or repair a roof with at least one type of fire retardant roof covering material that meets specified requirements.
This bill would require the one type of fire retardant roof covering material to additionally meet, at a minimum, class B standards, as specified in the International Building Code.
Section 815.11 of the Civil Code is repealed.
Section 65007 of the Government Code is amended to read:
65007.
As used in Sections 65302.9, 65860.1, 65865.5, 65962, and 66474.5, the following terms have the following meanings, unless the context requires otherwise:
(a) “Adequate progress” means all of the following:
(1) The total project scope, schedule, and cost of the completed flood protection system have been developed to meet the appropriate standard of protection.
(2) (A) Revenues that are sufficient to fund each year of the project schedule developed in paragraph (1) have been identified and, in any given year and consistent with that schedule, at least 90 percent of the revenues scheduled to be received by that year have been appropriated and are currently being expended.
(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), for any year in which state funding is not appropriated consistent with an agreement between a state agency and a local flood management agency, the Central Valley Flood Protection Board may find that the local flood management agency is making adequate progress in working toward the completion of the flood protection system.
(3) Critical features of the flood protection system are under construction, and each critical feature is progressing as indicated by the actual expenditure of the construction budget funds.
(4) The city or county has not been responsible for a significant delay in the completion of the system.
(5) The local flood management agency shall provide the Department of Water Resources and the Central Valley Flood Protection Board with the information specified in this subdivision sufficient to determine substantial completion of the required flood protection. The local flood management agency shall annually report to the Central Valley Flood Protection Board on the efforts in working toward completion of the flood protection system.
(b) “Central Valley Flood Protection Plan” has the same meaning as that set forth in Section 9612 of the Water Code.
(c) “Developed area” has the same meaning as that set forth in Section 59.1 of Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
(d) “Flood hazard zone” means an area subject to flooding that is delineated as either a special hazard area or an area of moderate hazard on an official flood insurance rate map issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The identification of flood hazard zones does not imply that areas outside the flood hazard zones, or uses permitted within flood hazard zones, will be free from flooding or flood damage.
(e) “National Federal Emergency Management Agency standard of flood protection” means the level of flood protection that is necessary to withstand flooding that has a 1-in-100 chance of occurring in any given year using criteria developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency for application in the National Flood Insurance Program.
(f) “Nonurbanized area” means a developed area or an area outside a developed area in which there are fewer than 10,000 residents that is not an urbanizing area.
(g) “Project levee” means any levee that is part of the facilities of the State Plan of Flood Control.
(h) “Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley” means lands in the bed or along or near the banks of the Sacramento River or San Joaquin River, or their tributaries or connected therewith, or upon any land adjacent thereto, or within the overflow basins thereof, or upon land susceptible to overflow therefrom. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley does not include lands lying within the Tulare Lake basin, including the Kings River.
(i) “State Plan of Flood Control” has the same meaning as that set forth in subdivision (j) of Section 5096.805 of the Public Resources Code.
(j) “Tulare Lake basin” means the Tulare Lake Hydrologic Region as defined in the California Water Plan Update 2009, prepared by the Department of Water Resources pursuant to Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 10004) of Part 1.5 of Division 6 of the Water Code.
(k) “Undetermined risk area” means an urban or urbanizing area within a moderate flood hazard zone, as delineated on an official flood insurance rate map issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which has not been determined to have an urban level of protection.
(l) “Urban area” means a developed area in which there are 10,000 residents or more.
(m) “Urbanizing area” means a developed area or an area outside a developed area that is planned or anticipated to have 10,000 residents or more within the next 10 years.
(n) “Urban level of flood protection” means the level of protection that is necessary to withstand flooding that has a 1-in-200 chance of occurring in any given year using criteria consistent with, or developed by, the Department of Water Resources. “Urban level of flood protection” shall not mean shallow flooding or flooding from local drainage that meets the criteria of the national Federal Emergency Management Agency standard of flood protection.
Section 65011 is added to the Government Code, to read:
For the purposes of Sections 65302.11, 65860.2, 65865.6, 65962.1, and 66474.03, unless the context requires otherwise, the following terms have the following meanings:
(a) “Adequate progress” means the city or county is taking concrete steps reasonably calculated to achieve funding and implementation of the applicable standard with the timeframe specified in subdivision (b) of Section 65012.
(b) “Wildland-urban interface” and “wildland-urban interface area” mean both of the following:
(1)Any“Very high fire risk area” means any lands located within a very high fire hazard severity zone, as defined in subdivision (i) of Section 51177, designated pursuant to subdivisions (a) and (b) of Section 51179, or as indicated on maps adopted by the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection pursuant to Section 4202 of the Public Resources Code.
(2)Any other lands determined by the governing body of the city or county to be located within an area where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels.
Section 65012 is added to the Government Code, to read:
(a) For the purposes of Sections 65302.11, 65860.2, 65865.6, 65962.1, and 66474.03, “wildfire risk reduction standard” means the following:
(1) For a development of any size:
(A) The regulations adopted by the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection, the State Fire Marshal, and the California Building Standards Commission regarding defensible space, vegetation management, fuel modification, and materials and construction methods for exterior wildfire exposure, including, but not limited to, all of the following, or the successor provisions:
(i) Chapter 7A of the California Building Code.
(ii) Chapter 49 of the California Fire Code.
(iii) Section R337 of the California Residential Code.
(iv) Chapter 12-7A of the California Referenced Standards Code.
(v) Subchapter 2 (commencing with Section 1270) of Chapter 7 of Division 1.5 of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations.
(vi) Article 3 (commencing with Section 1299.01) of Subchapter 3 of Chapter 7 of Division 1.5 of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations.
(vii) Section 3.07 of Article 3 of Subchapter 1 of Chapter 1 of Division 1 of Title 19 of the California Code of Regulations.
(B) Preparation of a wildland fire hazard assessment and wildfire hazard mitigation plan approved by the enforcing agency in accordance with Chapter 4 of the 2018 edition of the NFPA 1144: Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland Fire, except Sections 4.2.5.8 and 4.3.3(2) thereof, or with the successor regulations as adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 65013.
(C) An enforcement program established, funded, and implemented to verify ongoing compliance of the defensible space, vegetation management, and fuel modification requirements of the regulations described in paragraph (1), and with any continuing obligations imposed under a fire protection plan or wildfire hazard mitigation plan established for the project. The enforcing agency may charge a fee sufficient to cover the costs of administering the program and providing any inspections conducted by the enforcing agency. The program shall ensure that compliance is documented for each affected property or structure at least once every three years. Acceptable methods of compliance inspection and documentation shall be determined by the enforcing agency and may include any of the following:
(i) The local, state, or federal fire authority or designee authorized to enforce vegetation management requirements.
(ii) The enforcing agency.
(iii) Third-party inspection and certification authorized to enforce vegetation management requirements.
(D) Sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.4, 4.7.1, 4.7.2, and 4.7.3 of the 2014 edition of the NFPA 1720: Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations and Special Operations to the Public by Volunteer Fire Departments, or with the successor regulations adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 65013.
(E) Chapters 3 to 7, inclusive, of the 2017 edition of the NFPA 1141: Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land Development in Wildland, Rural, and Suburban Areas, or with the successor regulations adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 65013.
(F) The 2017 edition of the NFPA 1142: Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting, or with the successor regulations adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 65013.
(G) Chapter 6 and Sections 5.1 to 5.1.3.5, inclusive, of the 2018 edition of the NFPA 1144: Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland Fire, or with the successor regulations adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 65013.
(2) For a development of nine units or more:
(A) All of the standards set forth in paragraph (1).
(B) A fire protection plan setting forth reasonable site-specific safety measures to ensure that the development as a whole is planned and constructed to resist the encroachment of uncontrolled fire. The fire protection plan may be combined with the wildfire hazard mitigation plan prepared for the development in accordance with subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1). The plan shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following:
(i) A development layout that reduces wildfire risk to the greatest extent practicable, through measures that may include, but are not limited to, clustering of structures in the lowest risk areas on the property, while still requiring all structures to be separated by a safe distance to avoid the spread of fires from structure to structure, the use of natural and manmade features as fire breaks, and the establishment of community protection fire breaks on the perimeter of the property.
(ii) Identification of a low-risk fire safety area where community members can evacuate to and wait until emergency service providers can reach them.
(iii) Implementation of mechanisms, including funding, to maintain common areas and open spaces within the development so that ground fuels do not promote the spread of wildfire and aerial fuels do not allow the spread of a fire through the tree canopy.
(C) A condition on the development that all parcels within the development containing structures are subject to an ongoing, permanent fee, tax, or assessment, an assessment through a homeowners’ association, or a similar funding mechanism sufficient to ensure that defensible space maintenance is funded and occurs on a schedule so as to comply with subparagraph (C) of paragraph (3), and other requirements for maintaining defensible space under law, including, but not limited to, Section 4291 of the Public Resources Code.
(D) The development shall not be approved unless the city or county finds, based on substantial evidence in the record, that the development can be reasonably accessed and served in the case of a wildfire.
(3) For any development subject to this subdivision that includes 100 or more residential dwelling units:
(A) All of the standards set forth in paragraphs (1) and (2).
(B) The development shall be consistent with all applicable recommendations included in the Office of Planning and Research’s most recent publication of “Fire Hazard Planning–General Plan Technical Advice Series,” or other equivalent standards as adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 65013, or conditions imposed by the city or county that provide the same practical effect as the recommendations or other standards and are at least the equivalent of the recommendations or other standards in reducing the risk to life and property from catastrophic wildfire.
(C) Additional wildfire risk reduction standards adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 65013, or conditions imposed by the city or county that provide the same practical effect as the standards and are at least the equivalent of the standards in reducing the risk to life and property from catastrophic wildfire.
(b) Until December 31, 2025, a development shall be deemed in compliance with the wildfire risk reduction standards set forth in subparagraphs (C) to (F), inclusive, of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) if the city or county finds, based on substantial evidence in the record, that the responsible state and local agencies have made adequate progress toward providing protection from wildfire risk to the level set forth in those standards, or wildfire protection standards adopted by the city or county that meet or exceed those standards.
(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the existing authority of the State Fire Marshal or any other public agency under any other law from adopting standards that are more protective of life and property from the risk of wildfire.
Section 65013 is added to the Government Code, to read:
(a) On or before January 1, 2023, the Office of the State Fire Marshal, in consultation with the Office of Planning and Research, shall do all of the following:
(1) Review the wildfire risk reduction standards identified in Section 65012 and adopt wildfire risk reduction standards that meet all of the following requirements:
(A) Account for differences in the size of proposed developments, consistent with the categories set forth in Section 65012.
(B) Include successor provisions to the NFPA standards set forth in subparagraphs (B) and (D) to (G), inclusive, of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 65012. The successor provisions shall meet or exceed the identified NFPA standards.
(C) Include any additional requirements for fire hardening or similar building standards applicable to structures located in areas with restricted access or service in the event of wildfire.
(D) Establish community-scale risk reduction measures, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(i) Community design and layout.
(ii) Separation from wildfire sources.
(iii) Location and construction of infrastructure to reduce ignition potential and ensure availability of water and power supplies essential for fire suppression during a wildfire.
(E) Are designed to reduce the risk of catastrophic loss due to wildfire of any residential structures within a development to an estimated 1-in-100 chance in any given year. based upon the best available science and objective scientific methodologies.
(F) Are directly applicable to, and account for, California’s climate, weather, topography, and development patterns.
(2) Adopt standards for third-party inspection and certification conducted pursuant to subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 65012.
(3) (A) Update the maps of the very high fire hazard severity zones pursuant to Section 51178.
(B) In updating the maps pursuant to subparagraph (A), the State Fire Marshal shall identify areas within very high fire hazard severity zones where new residential development poses exceptional risk to future occupants of the development and to fire personnel and other public safety personnel that must access the development during a wildfire.
(b)Standards applicable to small developments not subject to paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 65012 shall be reasonable, feasible, and achievable for a development of that size in the community in which the development is located.
(b) Standards adopted pursuant to this section, regulations and rules of general applicability adopted pursuant to Section 65012, and regulations and rules of general applicability adopted by state or local agencies as necessary to implement those standards, shall be reasonable, and shall be feasible and achievable for the majority of developments in each category set forth in subdivision (a) of Section 65012.
(c) Standards adopted pursuant to this section shall be adopted pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2).
(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the existing authority of the State Fire Marshal or any other state or local public agency under any other law from adopting standards that are more protective of life and property from the risk of wildfire.
Section 65040.16 is added to the Government Code, to read:
65040.16.
On or before January 1, 2023, the Office of Planning and Research, in collaboration with cities and counties, shall develop and post on its internet website a clearinghouse of local ordinances, policies, and best practices relating to land use planning in wildland-urban interface areas, very high fire risk areas, wildfire risk reduction, and wildfire preparedness. The office shall regularly update the clearinghouse materials made available pursuant to this section.
(i) Flood hazard zones. As used in this subdivision, “flood hazard zone” means an area subject to flooding that is delineated as either a special hazard area or an area of moderate or minimal hazard on an official flood insurance rate map issued by FEMA. The identification of a flood hazard zone does not imply that areas outside the flood hazard zones or uses permitted within flood hazard zones will be free from flooding or flood damage.
(C) Establish a set of feasible implementation measures designed to carry out the goals, policies, and objectives established pursuant to subparagraph (B). this subdivision.
(5) Upon the next revision of the housing element or the hazard mitigation plan, on or after January 1, 2020, whichever occurs first, the safety element shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to include a comprehensive retrofit strategy. The comprehensive retrofit strategy shall include, but is not limited to, all of the following:
(C) Goals and milestones for completing needed retrofit work.
(6) After the initial revision of the safety element pursuant to paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5), the planning agency shall review and, if necessary, revise the safety element upon each revision of the housing element or local hazard mitigation plan, but not less than once every eight years, to identify new information relating to flood and fire hazards, climate adaptation and resiliency strategies, and retrofit updates applicable to the city or county that was not available during the previous revision of the safety element.
Section 65302.11 is added to the Government Code, to read:
65302.11.
(a) Upon each revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2021, each city or county that contains a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area shall amend the land use element of its general plan to contain all of the following with respect to lands located within a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area:
(1) (A) The goals contained in the most recent Strategic Fire Plan for California prepared by the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.
(B) The locations of all wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas within the city or county.
(C) The data and analysis described in the Office of Planning and Research’s most recent publication of “Fire Hazard Planning–General Plan Technical Advice Series.”
(D) The goals of any local hazard mitigation plan, community wildfire protection plan, and climate adaptation plan that has been adopted by the governing body of the city or county.
(2) Objectives and policies, based on the goals, data, and analysis identified pursuant to paragraph (1), for the protection of lives and property from unreasonable risk of wildfire. These objectives and policies shall take into consideration, and be consistent with, the information, goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures included in the safety element in accordance with paragraph (3) of subdivision (g) of Section 65302.
(3) Feasible implementation measures designed to carry out the objectives goals, objectives, and policies established pursuant to paragraph (2). this subdivision.
(b) (1) After the initial amendment of the land use element pursuant to subdivision (a), the governing body of the city or county shall review all of the following upon each subsequent revision of the housing element, but not less than once every eight years:
(A) The implementation of the wildfire risk reduction standards, as defined in Section 65012, within the jurisdiction. The governing body shall make written findings, based upon substantial evidence, regarding whether the city or county has implemented the wildfire risk reduction standards during the preceding planning period. period, or made adequate progress toward implementing the wildfire risk reduction standards as provided in subdivision (b) of Section 65012.
(B) The designation of lands within the jurisdiction as wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 65011. The governing body shall make written findings, based upon substantial evidence, supporting the determinations made in accordance with that subdivision.
(2) The draft findings required under this subdivision shall be submitted to the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and to every local agency that provides fire protection to territory in the city or county at least 90 days prior to adoption by the governing body.
(A) The State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection shall, and a local agency may, review the draft findings and recommend changes to the city or county within 60 days of its receipt regarding both of the following:
(i) Whether the city or county has implemented the wildfire risk reduction standards during the preceding planning period, or made adequate progress toward implementing the wildfire risk reduction standards as provided in subdivision (b) of Section 65012.
(ii) Whether the designation of lands within the jurisdiction as wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas is appropriate.
(B) (i) Prior to the adoption of its draft findings, the governing body shall consider the recommendations, if any, made by the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and any local agency that provides fire protection to territory in the city or county. If the governing body determines not to accept all or some of the recommendations, if any, made by the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection or the local agency, the governing body shall communicate in writing to the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection or the local agency, its reasons for not accepting the recommendations.
(ii) If the governing body proposes not to adopt the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s recommendations concerning its draft findings, the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection, within 15 days of receipt of the governing body’s written response, may request in writing a consultation with the governing body to discuss the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s recommendations and the governing body’s response. The consultation may be conducted in person, electronically, or telephonically. If the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection requests a consultation pursuant to this subparagraph, the governing body shall not approve the draft element or draft amendment until after consulting with the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection. The consultation shall occur no later than 30 days after the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s request.
(C) The State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection shall notify the city or county and may notify the Office of the Attorney General that the city or county is in violation of state law if the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection finds that the written findings do not substantially comply with this section, or that the city or county has otherwise failed to substantially comply with this section or with Section 65860.2, 65865.6, 65962.1, or 66474.03. 65860.2.
(3) Any interested person may bring an action to compel compliance with the requirements of this subdivision. The action shall be brought pursuant to Section 1085 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(e)The Legislature finds and declares the need to reconcile the conflicting goals of reducing the number of the state’s residents that face wildfire risk while at the same time addressing decades of low housing construction rates and declares the intent of the Legislature to determine a method of addressing these two goals in the regional housing needs allocation process.
(6) Reducing development pressure within very high fire risk areas by considering allocation of a lower proportion of housing to those jurisdictions that contain a greater amount of land within very high fire risk areas through one of the following:
(A) The appropriate council of governments, or for cities and counties without a council of governments, the department, may allocate a lower proportion of housing to a jurisdiction if appropriate due to the risk to life and safety from catastrophic wildfire.
(B) A lower proportion of housing shall be allocated to a jurisdiction if the appropriate council of governments, or for cities and counties without a council of governments, the department, determines all of the following:
(i) The jurisdiction is composed of a greater proportion of very high fire risk areas than the regional average.
(ii) It is likely the jurisdiction would otherwise need to identify lands within the very high fire risk area as adequate sites pursuant to Section 65583 in order to meet its housing need allocation.
(iii) Compliance with the wildfire risk reduction standards set forth in Section 65012 and the regulations of the State Fire Marshal adopted pursuant to Section 65013 would otherwise impair development of the amount and type of housing set forth in the jurisdiction’s housing need allocation.
(iv) Suitable alternative sites exist outside the jurisdiction, but within the council of governments’ jurisdiction, to accommodate the remaining regional housing need.
(1) Very low incomes incomes, as defined by Section 50105 of the Health and Safety Code.
(12) The amount of land in each member jurisdiction that is within a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area.
(b) The distribution of regional housing need shall, based upon available data and in consultation with the cities and counties, take into consideration market demand for housing, the distribution of household growth within the county assumed in the regional transportation plan where applicable, employment opportunities and commuting patterns, the availability of suitable sites and public facilities, agreements between a county and cities in a county to direct growth toward incorporated areas of the county, the amount of land in each city and each county that is within a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, or other considerations as may be requested by the affected cities or counties and agreed to by the department. As part of the allocation of the regional housing need, the department shall provide each city and county with data describing the assumptions and methodology used in calculating its share of the regional housing need. Consideration of suitable housing sites or land suitable for urban development is not limited to existing zoning ordinances and land use restrictions of a locality, but shall include consideration of the potential for increased residential development under alternative zoning ordinances and land use restrictions. The determination of available land suitable for urban development may exclude lands where the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) or the Department of Water Resources has determined that the flood management infrastructure designed to protect that land is not adequate to avoid the risk of flooding.
Section 65860.2 is added to the Government Code, to read:
65860.2.
(a) Not more than 12 months following the amendment of the land use element of a city’s or county’s general plan pursuant to Section 65302.11, each city or county that contains a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, as defined in Section 65011, shall adopt a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk overlay zone or otherwise amend its zoning ordinance so that it is consistent with the general plan, as amended.
(b) Notwithstanding any other law, the minimum requirements set forth in this section shall apply to all cities, including charter cities, and counties that contain a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area. The Legislature finds and declares that establishment of minimum requirements for wildfire protection in wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas is a matter of statewide concern and not a municipal affair as that term is used in Section 5 of Article XI of the California Constitution. Except as expressly stated, it is not the intent of the Legislature to limit the ordinances, rules, or regulations that a city or county may otherwise adopt and enforce beyond the minimum requirements outlined in this section.
Section 65865.6 is added to the Government Code, to read:
65865.6.
(a) Notwithstanding any other law and subject to subdivision (b), after the amendments to the land use element of the city’s or county’s general plan and zoning ordinances required by Sections 65302.11 and 65860.2 have become effective, the legislative body of a city or county that contains a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, as defined in Section 65011, shall not enter into a development agreement for property that is located within such a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area unless the city or county finds, based on substantial evidence in the record that the project and all structures within the project are protected from wildfire risk in accordance with the wildfire risk reduction standards defined in Section 65012, in effect at the time that the development agreement is entered into, or wildfire protection standards adopted by the city or county that meet or exceed the wildfire risk reduction standards. standards in effect at the time that the development agreement is entered into.
(b) Subdivision (a) shall apply only to a development agreement entered into on or after the date upon which the statutes of limitation specified in subdivision (c) of Section 65009 have run with respect to the amendments to a city’s or county’s general plan and zoning ordinances required by Sections 65302.11 and 65860.2 or, if the amendments and any associated environmental documents are challenged in court, the validity of the amendments and any associated environmental documents has been upheld in a final decision.
(c) For purposes of this section, “wildfire risk reduction standards” has the meaning means the wildfire risk reduction standards set forth in Section 65012. 65012 that are adopted pursuant to Section 65013 or implemented by the city or county pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of, or subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (2) of, subdivision (a) of Section 65012.
(d) This section shall not be interpreted to change or diminish the requirements of any other law or ordinance relating to fire protection. In the event of conflict among the wildfire risk reduction standards, or between the wildfire risk reduction standards and the requirements of any other law relating to fire protection, such conflicts shall be resolved in a manner which on balance is most protective against potential loss from wildfire exposure. Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the existing authority of a city or county under any other law from adopting ordinances, rules, or regulations beyond the minimum requirements outlined in this section.
Section 65962.1 is added to the Government Code, to read:
65962.1.
(a) Notwithstanding any other law, and subject to subdivision (b), after the amendments to the land use element of the city’s or county’s general plan and zoning ordinances required by Sections 65302.11 and 65860.2 have become effective, a city or county that contains a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, as defined in Section 65011, shall not approve a discretionary permit or other discretionary entitlement that would result in the construction of a new building or construction that would result in an increase in allowed occupancy for an existing building, or a ministerial permit that would result in the construction of a new residence, for a project that is located within such a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area unless the city or county finds, based on substantial evidence in the record that the project and all structures within the project are protected from wildfire risk in accordance with the wildfire risk reduction standards defined in Section 65012, or wildfire protection standards in effect at the time the application for the permit or entitlement is deemed complete, adopted by the city or county that meet or exceed the wildfire risk reduction standards. standards in effect at the time the application for the permit or entitlement is deemed complete. Approval of a final map or parcel map that conforms to a previously approved tentative map pursuant to Section 66458 shall not constitute approval of a ministerial permit for purposes of this section.
(b) Subdivision (a) shall only apply to a discretionary permit, discretionary entitlement, or ministerial permit issued on or after the date upon which the statutes of limitation specified in subdivision (c) of Section 65009 have run with respect to the amendments to a city’s or a county’s general plan and zoning ordinances required by Sections 65302.11 and 65860.2 or, if the amendments and any associated environmental documents are challenged in court, the validity of the amendments and any associated environmental documents has been upheld in a final decision.
(c) This section shall not be interpreted to waive or reduce a city or county’s obligation pursuant to Section 65863 to ensure that its housing element inventory accommodates, at all times throughout the housing element planning period, its remaining share of its regional housing need.
(e) For purposes of this section, “wildfire risk reduction standards” means those wildfire risk reduction standards set forth in Section 65012 that are adopted pursuant to Section 65013 or implemented by the city or county pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of, or subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (2) of, subdivision (a) of Section 65012.
Section 66474.03 is added to the Government Code, to read:
66474.03.
(a) Notwithstanding any other law and subject to subdivision (b), after the amendments to the land use element of the city’s or county’s general plan and zoning ordinances required by Sections 65302.11 and 65860.2 have become effective, each city and each county that contains a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area, as defined in Section 65011, shall deny approval of a tentative map, or a parcel map for which a tentative map was not required, for a subdivision that is located within such a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area unless, in addition to any findings required under Section 66474.02, the city or county finds, based on substantial evidence in the record that the project and all structures within the project are protected from wildfire risk in accordance with the wildfire risk reduction standards defined in Section 65012, in effect at the time the application for the tentative map or parcel map is deemed complete, or wildfire protection standards adopted by the city or county that meet or exceed the wildfire risk reduction standards. standards in effect at the time the application for the tentative map or parcel map is deemed complete.
(b) Subdivision (a) shall only apply to an approval of a tentative map, or a parcel map for which a tentative map was not required, on or after the date upon which the statutes of limitation specified in subdivision (c) of Section 65009 have run with respect to the amendments to the land use element of the city’s or county’s general plan and zoning ordinances required by Sections 65302.11 and 65860.2 or, if the amendments and any associated environmental documents are challenged in court, the validity of the amendments and any associated environmental documents has been upheld in a final decision.
(c) For purposes of this section, “wildfire risk reduction standards” has the meaning means those wildfire risk reduction standards set forth in Section 65012. 65012 that are adopted pursuant to Section 65013 or implemented by the city or county pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of, or subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (2) of, subdivision (a) of Section 65012.
Section 13132.7 of the Health and Safety Code is amended to read:
13132.7.
(a) Within a very high fire hazard severity zone designated by the Director of Forestry and Fire Protection pursuant to Article 9 (commencing with Section 4201) of Chapter 1 of Part 2 of Division 4 of the Public Resources Code and within a very high hazard severity zone designated by a local agency pursuant to Chapter 6.8 (commencing with Section 51175) of Part 1 of Division 1 of Title 5 of the Government Code, the entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replaced within any one-year period, every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair, or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire retardant roof covering that is at least class B as defined in the Uniform Building Code, as adopted and amended by the State Building Standards Commission.
(b) In all other areas, the entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replaced within any one-year period, every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair, or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire retardant roof covering that is at least class C as defined in the Uniform Building Code, as adopted and amended by the State Building Standards Commission.
(c) Notwithstanding subdivision (b), within state responsibility areas classified by the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection pursuant to Article 3 (commencing with Section 4125) of Chapter 1 of Part 2 of Division 4 of the Public Resources Code, except for those state responsibility areas designated as moderate fire hazard responsibility zones, the entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replaced within any one-year period, every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair, or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire retardant roof covering that is at least class B as defined in the Uniform Building Code, as adopted and amended by the State Building Standards Commission.
(d) (1) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), (b), or (c), within very high fire hazard severity zones designated by the Director of Forestry and Fire Protection pursuant to Article 9 (commencing with Section 4201) of Chapter 1 of Part 2 of Division 4 of the Public Resources Code or by a local agency pursuant to Chapter 6.8 (commencing with Section 51175) of Part 1 of Division 1 of Title 5 of the Government Code, the entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replaced within any one-year period, every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair, or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire retardant roof covering that is at least class A as defined in the Uniform Building Code, as adopted and amended by the State Building Standards Commission.
(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to any jurisdiction containing a very high fire hazard severity zone if the jurisdiction fulfills both of the following requirements:
(A) Adopts the model ordinance approved by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 51189 of the Government Code or an ordinance that substantially conforms to the model ordinance of the State Fire Marshal.
(B) Transmits, upon adoption, a copy of the ordinance to the State Fire Marshal.
(e) The State Building Standards Commission shall incorporate the requirements set forth in subdivisions (a), (b), and (c) by publishing them as an amendment to the California Building Standards Code in accordance with Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 18935) of Part 2.5 of Division 13.
(f) Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of a city, county, city and county, or fire protection district in establishing more restrictive requirements, in accordance with current law, than those specified in this section.
(g) This section shall not affect the validity of an ordinance, adopted prior to the effective date for the relevant roofing standard specified in subdivisions (a) and (b), by a city, county, city and county, or fire protection district, unless the ordinance mandates a standard that is less stringent than the standards set forth in subdivision (a), in which case the ordinance shall not be valid on or after the effective date for the relevant roofing standard specified in subdivisions (a) and (b).
(h) Any qualified historical building or structure as defined in Section 18955 may, on a case-by-case basis, utilize alternative roof constructions as provided by the State Historical Building Code.
(i) The installer of the roof covering shall provide certification of the roof covering classification, as provided by the manufacturer or supplier, to the building owner and, when requested, to the agency responsible for enforcement of this part. The installer shall also install the roof covering in accordance with the manufacturer’s listing.
(j) No wood roof covering materials shall be sold or applied in this state unless both of the following conditions are met:
(1) The materials have been approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal as complying with the requirements of this section.
(2) The materials have passed at least 5 years of the 10-year natural weathering test. The 10-year natural weathering test required by this subdivision shall be conducted in accordance with standard 15-2 of the 1994 edition of the Uniform Building Code at a testing facility recognized by the State Fire Marshal.
(k) The Insurance Commissioner shall accept the use of fire retardant wood roof covering material that complies with the requirements of this section, used in the partial repair or replacement of nonfire retardant wood roof covering material, as complying with the requirement in Section 2695.9 of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations relative to matching replacement items in quality, color, and size.
(l) No common interest development, as defined in Section 4100 or 6534 of the Civil Code, may require an owner to install or repair a roof in a manner that is in violation of this section. The governing documents, as defined in Section 4150 or 6552 of the Civil Code, of a common interest development within a very high fire severity zone shall allow for at least one type of fire retardant roof covering material that meets the requirements of this section and that is, at a minimum, class B, as defined in the International Building Code.
Article 10 (commencing with Section 4751) is added to Chapter 10 of Part 2 of Division 4 of the Public Resources Code, to read:
Article 10. Conservation Easements on Forested Lands
This article shall apply to any conservation easement contracted for purchase with state funds on or after January 1, 2020, wherein land subject to the easement is comprised of existing forestlands, as defined in subdivision (g) of Section 12220, covering at least 20 percent of its area or a minimum of 40 acres, whichever is smaller. To the extent not in conflict with federal law, the terms of any applicable bond, or the requirements of any other funding source, the terms of the conservation easement shall address maintaining and improving forest health and resiliency to disturbances in order to conserve and enhance the land’s ability to provide long-term carbon sequestration, climate benefits, and watershed functions. Provisions in the conservation easement, and any required management plan, shall guide forest management, and other land management undertaken by the landowner, to promote native forest ecological structures and species composition consistent with the forest type, including stand canopy spacing and density, and the development or retention of key structural elements for climate adaptation, including, but not limited to, larger, older trees that benefit vulnerable fish and wildlife.
Section 45 of Chapter 626 of the Statutes of 2018 is amended to read:
(a) (1) The sum of one hundred sixty-five million dollars ($165,000,000) shall be appropriated from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund in the annual Budget Act each year through the 2023–24 fiscal year to the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection for healthy forest and fire prevention programs and projects that improve forest health and reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by uncontrolled wildfires.
(2) (A) Of the amount appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1), the sum of ____ dollars ($____) shall be allocated by the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection for grants to cities and counties that contain one or more wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas, as defined by Section 65011 of the Government Code, for programs and projects that have the dual benefit of controlling the spread of wildfire and improving life safety, which may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:
(i) New, improved, or expanded access roads in populated areas within a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area.
(ii) Public or private water supply or delivery facilities suitable for firefighting in a wildland-urban interface very high fire risk area.
(iii) Remote infrared cameras for detection of wildfires.
(iv) Siren warning systems for wildfires.
(B) The department shall prioritize local assistance grant funding applications from local agencies based upon the proportion of land in the jurisdiction located within wildland-urban interface very high fire risk areas, as defined in Section 65011 of the Government Code.
(C) Upon development of the recommendations of the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection pursuant to Section 4290.5 of the Public Resources Code, the department shall prioritize local assistance grant funding applications from local agencies for fire safety improvements recommended by the board.
(b) The sum of thirty-five million dollars ($35,000,000) shall be appropriated from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund in the annual Budget Act each year through the 2023–24 fiscal year to the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection to complete prescribed fire and other fuel reduction projects through proven forestry practices consistent with the recommendations of the Forest Carbon Plan, including the operation of year-round prescribed fire crews and implementation of a research and monitoring program for climate change adaptation.