Source: https://patents.justia.com/patent/20090272677
Timestamp: 2020-01-21 15:02:22
Document Index: 525721392

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'art 60', 'art 60', 'art 60', 'art 60', 'art 60', 'art 60', 'art 60', 'art 60']

US Patent Application for AUTOMATED WASTE SORTING SYSTEM Patent Application (Application #20090272677 issued November 5, 2009) - Justia Patents Search
Justia Patents Reading IndiciaUS Patent Application for AUTOMATED WASTE SORTING SYSTEM Patent Application (Application #20090272677)
Jul 13, 2009 - VESTA MEDICAL, LLC
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/781,207, filed Jul. 20, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/417,901, filed May 3, 2006, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,311,207, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/945,223, filed Sep. 20, 2004, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,119,689, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/504,170, filed Sep. 19, 2003 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/589,118, filed Jul. 19, 2004; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/417,901, filed May 3, 2006, also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/679,187, filed May 9, 2005, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/712,256, filed Aug. 29, 2005, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/742,212, filed Dec. 2, 2005, all herein incorporated by reference.
The lid may comprise a V-shaped cross-section and circular outer edges. A “V-shaped cross-section” as used herein shall be given its ordinary meaning and shall also include substantially V-shaped configurations. In one embodiment, the V-shaped lid comprises an angle of about 135 degrees. Shapes other than “V” may also be used. In some embodiments, the angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees. In one embodiment, the V-shaped lid (or similar shaped lid, such as a U-shape or L-shape, or T-shape) has an angle that is about 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, or 150 degrees.
FIG. 22A is an electronic schematic of one embodiment of an array of light detectors, illustrated further in FIGS. 22A1-A5;
FIG. 23A is an electronic schematic of one embodiment of an alternative embodiment employing a video system, illustrated further in FIGS. 23A1-A7;
FIG. 35a is a perspective view of one embodiment of a substantially vertically-oriented sorting and disposal system;
FIG. 35b is a perspective view of one embodiment of a sorting and disposal system;
FIG. 35c is a perspective view of one embodiment of a sorting and disposal system, showing a handheld waste identification device;
Embodiments of devices and methods for sorting a plurality of medical wastes will now be described with reference to the attached figures. In several embodiments, the waste sorting and disposal system is automated. In some embodiments, a medical waste sorting system comprising a plurality of individual sorting and disposal stations connected to one another via a centralized or de-centralized network is provided. Alternatively, a medical waste sorting system can comprise one or more stand-alone sorting and disposal stations configured to operate independently of any other device. Although some of the following embodiments are described in the context of individual stand-alone stations, it should be recognized that such individual stations can be connected in a networked system to provide additional functionality or to improve efficiency. Conversely, some embodiments are described below in the context of networked systems, certain features and advantages of which can be readily applied to individual stand-alone systems as will be clear to the skilled artisan. The term “sorting” is a broad term and shall be given its ordinary meaning and generally refers to the distribution of one or more waste items into one or more appropriate waste receptacles. The term “disposing” is also a broad term and shall be given its ordinary meaning and shall, in some embodiments, generally refer to the discarding or “throwing out” of one or more items of waste into an appropriate receptacle. As used herein, the terms receptacle and container are broad terms that can be used interchangeably.
In one embodiment, a waste sorting and disposal station comprises a sorting station or machine, which includes a series of container positions or compartments, each compartment being configured to receive a removable container for collecting waste belonging to a particular category or classification. Some embodiments of a sorting station comprise a waste-identifying device, a processor configured to carry out a waste-sorting algorithm, and a waste-sorting mechanism. As used herein, the term “removable” shall be given its ordinary meaning, and shall include disposable or reusable containers.
In some embodiments, when a single waste item comprises a composite of elements falling into different waste categories, such as a syringe containing a controlled substance, which might, if disposed separately, be sorted into two different containers, the waste sorting system can indicate disposal of the composite waste item into the correct container. In this manner, when it is inefficient, ineffective or even dangerous to separate the single composite waste item into its individual components, hospitals can still achieve compliance by disposing of such hybrid or composite items into the most conservative hazard container. In some embodiments, if a composite waste item could be deposited in more than one container, the containers within a sorting station can be ranked in order from “less” to “more” desirable in order to facilitate a determination of which container is the “most appropriate” hazard container in a given station. A determination of whether a particular container type (and corresponding waste category or categories) is more or less appropriate can be determined by a variety of suitable methods. In some cases, a selection priority can be determined empirically, while in other embodiments, the choice may be determined by comparing properties, such as amount of residual content, relative chemical toxicity, etc. bioactivity, etc., of elements of a particular waste item.
In another embodiment, a waste item identification device is configured to receive a waste item identifier from a waste item, and a decision system is configured to assign the waste item to a waste category using the waste identifier and information contained in the classification database. Each of the containers is associated with at least one of the waste categories, and the decision system is further configured to indicate into which of the containers a waste item should be deposited based on the waste category. The decision system is further configured to open an alternate container if the station does not include a container associated with the assigned category. In one embodiment, for example, the alternate container is a container associated with the highest hazardous level will be opened. In another embodiment, the alternate container is a container associated with the “next best” disposal category for the waste item.
In one embodiment, the alternate container is located adjacent to the preferred (or “first choice”) container. In another embodiment, the alternate container is located in a different location from the preferred container. For example, the alternate container can be located in a different room or on a different floor. In yet another embodiment, if an alternate container is unavailable, then the item may be rejected. In this situation, the user may be instructed to obtain additional information on disposal.
Each of the containers is associated with at least one of the waste categories, and the decision system is further configured to indicate into which of the containers a waste item should be deposited based on the waste category. The decision system is further configured to open an alternate container if the station does not include a container associated with the assigned category. In one embodiment, for example, the alternate container is a container associated with the highest hazardous level will be opened. In another embodiment, the alternate container is a container associated with the “next best” disposal category for the waste item.
In one embodiment, the alternate container is located adjacent to the preferred (or “first choice”) container. In another embodiment, the alternate container is located in a different location from the preferred container. For example, the alternate container can be located in a different room or on a different floor of a hospital or other institution.
A medical waste sorting and disposal station can take a variety of forms depending on the specific needs of a given clinic, hospital, department, clinician, etc. For example, some embodiments of sorting and disposal stations 60 are illustrated in FIGS. 3-12. For example, a station can be provided in a wall-mounted unit 60a (e.g., see FIG. 3), in a floor-standing unit 60b (FIG. 4), on a wheeled cart 60c (FIGS. 5 and 6), attached to a patient bed, attached to an IV pole, attached to an existing wheeled medications cart 60d (FIGS. 7-9), or any of a variety of other shapes, forms and mounting locations.
FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment in which a sorting station comprises a series of hinged sleeves 86 configured to pivot relative to a fixed portion of the sorting station. Each sleeve 86 is generally configured to temporarily house a container 80, which may be removable. The station 60e comprises a series of actuators configured to pivot each sleeve 86 and its associated container 80 outwards, thereby exposing the container opening 88. In one embodiment, an actuator 90 can be located adjacent an upper portion of a container 80 and can be configured to push the upper portion of the container outwards from the station. Alternatively the sleeve 86 can be biased outwards by a spring or simply by gravity, and an upper actuator can be configured to release the sleeve/container to allow it to pivot outwards to open. The upper actuator can then pull inwards to return the container/sleeve to a closed position.
Alternatively or in addition, a lower actuator 92 can be provided adjacent a bottom portion of the container/sleeve combination. In one embodiment, a lower actuator 92 can comprise a drive axle 94 rigidly mounted to the sleeve 86. The axle 94 can be driven by a motor or other mechanism in order to pivot the sleeve 86 inwards and outwards. A container 80 can be inserted into the sleeve 86 and pivoted back so that a fixed portion of the station 60e covers the container opening 88. During use, the actuator 90 or 92 causes the sleeve 86 to pivot outward from the station 60e, thereby exposing the container opening for use. The container 80 can be removed by sliding it out of the sleeve 86. In an alternative embodiment, the above system can be provided without a sleeve 86 by incorporating an actuator and a pivot point into the container itself. In further alternative embodiments, other actuators, drive mechanisms, etc can be used in order to selectively provide access to a container opening.
FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate another embodiment of a waste sorting and disposal station 60f in the form of a convertible rolling cart. In a first orientation, illustrated in FIG. 11, the station 60f is a two-sided rolling cart. The station 60f of this embodiment can be provided with a hinge 96 configured to allow the two sides 98a, 98b of the cart 60f to unfold into a one-sided arrangement. FIG. 11 shows the cart in an unfolded form, so that it may be placed or mounted against a wall. FIG. 12 shows the cart in a folded form, and thus suitable for use as a cart.
FIG. 32 shows another embodiment of the invention comprising a wheeled cart 60g, a display 70 (which in some embodiments may be a touch-screen display), and a barcode scanner 74. The display 70 and barcode scanner 74 are supported by a post 38 of suitable size and shape to orient the display 70 and scanner 74 for convenient access by a user.
The cart 60g is equipped with a plurality of lids 82. As shown in FIG. 32, each lid 82 is latched in a closed position by a release mechanism 62. When a particular lid 82 is directed to open, electronics, a solenoid, and a spring (not shown) cause the lid 82 to rotate to an open position revealing a container (not shown) for receiving the pharmaceutical waste item. Following manual deposit of the item into the appropriate container, the user closes the lid 82 by applying hand pressure to a lever 66, which, in one embodiment, is an extension of the lid 82. The release mechanisms 62 can be protected by covers 68 to prevent tampering with the release mechanisms 62 contained therein.
The cart 60g is further provided with a deck 42, side skins 44, and doors 48 to prevent damage resulting from spills and unauthorized access of the mechanisms 62, internal components, and the containers. The doors 48 are provided with a key lock 46 so that only authorized service personnel may change out the containers when full.
The cart 60g is also equipped with a base 30, wheels 32, and one or more handles 34 to enable pushing the cart 60g from one location to another.
In some embodiments, the invention is provided as a wall unit. FIG. 33 shows one embodiment comprising a wall unit 60h, a display 70 (which in some embodiments may be a touch-screen display), and a barcode scanner 74. The display 70 and barcode scanner 74 are oriented for convenient access by a user.
The wall unit 60h is equipped with a plurality of lids 82 arranged in an array. As shown in FIG. 33, each lid is latched in a closed position by a release mechanism 62. When a particular lid 82 is directed to open, electronics, a solenoid, and a spring (not shown) cause the lid 82 to rotate to an open position revealing a container (not shown) for receiving the pharmaceutical waste item. Following manual deposit of the item into the appropriate container, the user closes the lid 82 by applying hand pressure to a lever 66, which in one embodiment is an extension of the lid 82. The release mechanisms 62 can be protected by covers 68 to prevent tampering with the release mechanisms 62 contained therein.
The wall unit 60h is further provided with a deck 42 (one at each level in the array), side skins 44, and doors 48 to prevent damage resulting from spills and unauthorized access of the mechanisms 62, internal components, and the containers. The doors 48 are provided with a key lock 46 so that only authorized service personnel may change out the containers when full.
The wall unit 60h, in one embodiment, can include an electrical connection or other means (not shown) for powering the unit and mounting brackets (not shown) for anchoring the unit 60h to a wall.
FIGS. 35a and 35b show alternative embodiments of the waste collection system. FIG. 35a shows a sorting device that is oriented in a substantially vertical position. FIG. 35b shows a sorting device that has a plurality of top and side access regions. As in other embodiments, using a database lookup and a specialized computer algorithm, a CPU determines the proper container to receive the waste item. The waste item can be discarded into the appropriate container after the corresponding lid has been opened. This embodiment is advantageous in healthcare facilities where available space is limited. In some embodiments, the sorting device is further provided with a deck 42, side skins 44 and doors 48 to prevent damage resulting from spills and unauthorized access of the mechanisms, internal components and the containers. In one embodiment, the doors 48 are provided with a key lock 46 so that only authorized service personnel may change out the containers when full. In some embodiments, the sorting device may also be equipped with a base 30, wheels 32 and/or one or more handles 34 to enable pushing the cart from one location to another.
FIGS. 35a, 35b, and 35c show alternative embodiments of the waste collection system. FIG. 35a shows a sorting device that is oriented in a substantially vertical position. FIG. 35b shows a sorting device that has a plurality of top and side access regions. As in other embodiments, using a database lookup and a specialized computer algorithm, a CPU determines the proper container to receive the waste item. The waste item can be discarded into the appropriate container after the corresponding lid has been opened. This embodiment is advantageous in healthcare facilities where available space is limited. In some embodiments, the sorting device is further provided with a deck 42, side skins 44 and doors 48 to prevent damage resulting from spills and unauthorized access of the mechanisms, internal components and the containers. In one embodiment, the doors 48 are provided with a key lock 46 so that only authorized service personnel may change out the containers 80 when full. In some embodiments, the sorting device may also be equipped with a base 30, wheels 32 and/or one or more handles 34 to enable pushing the cart from one location to another. FIG. 35c shows alternative embodiments (for example, alternatives of FIGS. 32 through 35b) in which the waste identification device (such as barcode scanner 74) is provided as or on a handheld 73 or other portable device. The display 70 may be provided as or on the handheld 73 or other portable device. Handheld embodiments may be used instead of or in addition to waste identification devices that are attached or fixed to a sorting station or other location.
In some embodiments, the containers are generally designed to be low cost, yet include features that provide a functional interface with mechanisms in a sorting station to perform several desired functions. For example, in some embodiments, each container includes a door or lid which can be opened and closed automatically in order to allow or prevent access to a particular container at a particular time. Additionally, the containers can be configured to interface with sensors for determining a quantity of contents within the container, and/or sensors for determining a type of container.
In a float system, a buoyant device or “float” is placed in the container, where it remains partially submerged in the liquid retained within the container. The float is used to detect a level of a fluid in the container by activating a switch located at a pre-determined point. Alternatively, the float detects the container's fluid level by activating a potentiometer, which reports the fluid level over a calibrated range.
The assignee of the present application also owns technology related to the optical detection of the level of material in a translucent plastic waste container. See, e.g., Applications Nos. 10/945,223; 10/946,252; 10/946,161; 10/945,773; 10/946,164; 10/946,207; 10/946,208; and 10/946,054, herein incorporated by reference. As described below, in some embodiments, measurements are made by illuminating one side of the container and collecting the light received by an array of photo detectors located on the opposite side of the container. In one embodiment, a microprocessor interprets the light received at the array of receptors, compensates for ambient light and the relative transmissivity of individual containers, and determines whether the container is full.
FIGS. 18-19 illustrate one embodiment of a level sensor which can be used to automatically determine a fill level of a container using an optical method. As shown in the schematic illustration of FIG. 18, one embodiment of a fill level sensing system comprises a light source 230 and a light detector 232 positioned on opposite sides of a container 80. In alternative embodiments, the light detector 232 need not be located immediately opposite the light source, for example, in some embodiments the detector can be located on a wall adjacent to the source 230. The sensor system of FIGS. 18 and 19 generally operates on the principle that an “empty” container will permit more light to pass from the source, through the container, and to the sensor than will a “full” container. This is simply due to the fact that the contents of the container 80 will absorb and/or reflect a substantial portion of the light which enters the container from a light source.
In some other embodiments, a parameter other than weight or filled volume may be used to determine when a container is “full.” For example, in one embodiment, a sensor to detect radioactivity is used to determine the amount of radioisotope in a container or receptacle. The radioactivity sensor may be used in connection with a fill sensor, or it may be used alone. Thus, in some embodiments, a container may be emptied, discarded, or replaced based on a certain amount of radioactivity, rather than (or in addition to) the surface area, volume, weight, density and/or another parameter of the material in that container.
When the container 80 is empty and the overall light intensity is greatest, a baseline reading is recorded and calibration coefficients are generated for each of the detectors 236 and detector rows 244, 246, 248. As the container fills, the received light reaching the detectors decreases slightly as material in the container blocks a portion of the diffused light transmitted through the container 80. During this phase, the top detector reading is used to compensate the readings of the middle and lower detector rows accordingly. When the container contents reach the fill line, the bottom row of detectors will be blocked by the container contents, while the middle 246 and upper 248 detector rows remain unobstructed. This results in a substantial drop in the light intensity reaching the bottom row 248 of detectors, and correspondingly, a substantial difference in signal strength between the middle 246 and lower 248 detector rows. When this signal difference reaches a pre-determined threshold level, the processor determines that the container is “full.”
In some embodiments, the functionality of a fill level sensing system employing a light source and a plurality of optical detectors can advantageously be enhanced by containers with “frosted” or translucent walls. Another advantage of certain embodiments of a level sensing system as described herein is that such systems can be polychromatic sensitive (e.g., configured to sense light of various colors with consistent accuracy). Thus, in addition to measuring a fill level of a container, the above-described sensors can be configured to determine a color of a container (each container color being associated with a particular container type as discussed above). In some embodiments, these and other advantages are achieved through the use of cadmium sulfide photosensitive cells. In alternative embodiments, optical level sensors can be constructed using other optical detectors, including other photoconductive cells, photo diodes, or other sensors capable of detecting light in the visible or infrared spectrum.
Up to about 50% of infectious medical waste can be plastic, of which about 25% can include disposable PVC waste. Utilizing sand or wax to treat such plastic waste may not be any more cost effective than an autoclave or other processing approach for these materials. It also may cause a number of problems such as the PVC outgassing chlorine because the temperature may be greater than 320° F. (the effective melting temperature of PVC).
In one embodiment, the waste sorting device comprises a computer, barcode scanner, memory, and wireless communication connected or coupled to an array of containers with automated opening means. In order to address anticipated cost concerns, less expensive means of sorting medical waste have been considered. One embodiment of a low-cost medical waste sorting system and method comprises the use a wireless handheld computer or similar wireless device having a barcode scanner. Such a wireless device can be used to scan waste items and determine the waste classification of the item being discarded. In one embodiment, the scanner communicates with an array of collection containers (either directly, via the system's control unit or via some other system component) using an infrared (IR) light beam (similar to that used by television or stereo remotes). The IR beam causes the correct container to open. This approach has the potential of redistributing hardware costs in a more favorable way. Thus, in one embodiment, the cost of the container array is reduced by implementing the IR receiver and container controls in dedicated electronics. Of course those of skill in the art will recognize that the handheld computer or device may communicate with the other components of the sorting system in various other hardwired and wireless ways, including, but not limited to, Ethernet, cable, radio frequency identification (RFID), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc. Likewise, in another embodiment, hardware costs may be reduced as the necessary portable devices are issued to personnel rather than being dedicated to particular room locations. For example, the handheld computer count can average 1 per nurse rather than 1 per room. Since there are generally many more rooms than nurses in a particular healthcare facility, significant cost savings (e.g., 3 to 5 fold per one embodiment of the invention) are envisioned for the computing, wireless communication and bar code scanning hardware.
In another embodiment, costs are further reduced by displaying the waste item information on the screen of the handheld computer. The user can then place the item in the appropriate conventional waste container. Under such embodiments, where each nurse or other individual responsible for discarding waste must be equipped with his or her own handheld computer, the cost of the automated container array are avoided. Some embodiments also allow leveraging existing handheld computer hardware, if used, by placing Eco-Rex™ or other drug information software on a multi-purpose handheld computer, such as those used for barcode medication administration. A handheld device is particularly advantageous in certain embodiments because it permits the use of waste containers situated within, coupled to, or in communication with a wall unit. Wall units used in conjunction with handhelds may be more economical and cost-effective for certain healthcare institutions.
Container Sensing
One feature of some embodiments of the invention is the ability to automatically detect containers. Knowledge of whether or not a container is present allows the device to disable a bay that is not populated with a container. In another embodiment, each container is also provided with a machine-readable pattern that is applied to the container surface by a label or the like. One embodiment of different machine-readable patterns for containers is shown in FIG. 26.
In another embodiment, containers can be “hot-swapped,” (e.g., changed from one bay to another during use, and the device will register the order or position of the containers and/or container positions. In one embodiment, the system instantly registers the container mix and/or container positions.
In one embodiment, the container labels (e.g., adhesive labels) may also include optional serialization that would permit tracking of the waste items placed into a specific container. Consequently, a container can later be identified by its serial number and tracked on a computer. Further, this information can optionally be used to print a manifest describing the contents of a given container. This is especially helpful since regulatory authorities often require a manifest to be placed on waste containers. Presently, these requirements are sometimes met by “over manifesting” (e.g., listing all possible types of waste that may be discarded in the container). However, as regulation of such waste becomes more stringent, this practice may be disallowed in the future. In addition, some embodiments of the invention use serialized containers that provide an elegant method of detailed container manifesting.
Manual Input System for Additional Waste Characteristics (e.g., not Empty/Empty Sharp/not-Sharp)
In some embodiments of the invention, the system determines one or more characteristics of the item that is to be sorted or disposed. In one embodiment, the system incorporates a manual input system that prompts the user to indicate information regarding certain waste item characteristics that may not be automatically detectable by the system. For example, in some embodiments, the system may query a user as to whether the waste item is empty or not-empty. This distinction can be important as waste items that are not empty (e.g., those that still contain a volume of bulk chemistry) pose a greater risk of groundwater contamination if landfilled. For example, drugs on the EPA P-list must be triple-rinsed before they are allowed into a public solid waste disposal facility. The user prompt may occur either prior to or following the scanning of the waste item for a determination of the National Drug Code (NDC) number. Further, the user may be prompted to provide this information in one of several ways. For example, the user may be queried using either a visual instruction or a voice command.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the system interacts with the user to determine whether the item to be disposed contains a needle, and therefore, should be handled as bio-hazardous waste. For example, the system prompts the user, by one of several means, to indicate whether a sharps item is being disposed. In some embodiments, a visual instruction or voice command is used to prompt the user to indicate such information. In most hospitals, because a needle is assumed to have been in contact with the bodily fluids of a patient, it is treated as infectious. Such items are referred to as “bio-hazardous” by lab personnel and as “regulated medical waste” by waste haulers. Thus, a preliminary determination as to whether a particular waste item qualifies as a sharps determines whether the item needs to be handled as infectious. In one embodiment, if the waste item is an empty sharp, it would normally be directed to the “red sharps” waste stream. If the waste item is a non-empty sharp, then it must be handled according to the chemical risk, possibly ending up in a container with mixed medical and hazardous waste. Thus, disposal costs of the waste may be influenced by such preliminary qualifications. Proper handling may result in lowering of disposal costs, added safety for personnel, and an increased sensitivity for the environment.
Waste Sorting Decision Matrix
In one embodiment of the invention, the system for sorting waste comprises a computer equipped with one or more software applications and a database system that control the handling of each identified NDC. In one embodiment, the system could be enabled to identify the specific prompts and actions for each of the approximately 135,000 drugs in the NDC database. In an alternative embodiment, the actions are grouped into approximately two-dozen different handling procedures. In this embodiment, the database only needs to associate the NDC with a code representing the corresponding procedure. A separate database can then be used to define the details for prompts and actions associated with each waste group. This classification simplifies processing and database maintenance. One of skill in the art will understand that the number of handling procedure classes may vary in order to facilitate processing.
2-Button Action File
In some embodiments, the sorting system uses a manual input system in conjunction with a waste item identification device to further enhance the disposal of waste. For example, in one embodiment, the sorting system uses a 2-button action file to determine prompts and action steps for each type of item scanned. Questions are prompted sequentially, and thus, require the sustained attention of the user on the display and/or keypad to provide the necessary answers or to follow the necessary instructions. Under this approach, the system uses only two buttons, which may be incorporated into a low-cost textual display, such as an alphanumeric LCD having as few as one line of text. In addition, questions to the user can be worded for a yes/no answer. In a more elaborate embodiment, a graphical display may be used. The graphical display may even be color, such as a small computer monitor.
In one embodiment, the keys can be 2 dedicated buttons or may be soft keys on a low cost text display. FIG. 27 provides examples of a 2-button action file. FIG. 28a provides an example of a 2-button keyboard and display indicating a first prompt requiring a yes/no response. FIG. 28b provides an example of a 2-button keyboard and display indicating a second prompt requiring a yes/no response.
4-Button Concept
In one embodiment, the 2-button prompt concept is modified to simultaneously obtain information regarding more than one inquiry, thus avoiding “menu layering,” e.g., sequentially presenting menus. Various embodiments of the 4-button concept are feasible. For example, pairs of buttons serve to distinguish between “sharps” and “non-sharps” and “empty” and “not empty” in respective quadrants. Questions can be textual or graphical and can be color coded to enhance the user interface. In one embodiment, the buttons can be physical switch keys with permanent nomenclature (e.g., silk-screened). However, the buttons may also be represented by electrically activated annunciators or as touch screen zones of a high resolution display.
First 4-Button Graphics
FIG. 30a illustrates one embodiment of a switch arrangement that utilizes four graphic images. Such a design can be used to simultaneously obtain key information from the user. In FIG. 30a, the two left buttons are for sharps, while the two right buttons are for non-sharps. In addition, the two top buttons are for empty waste items, while the two bottom buttons are for non-empty waste items. Therefore, if the waste item is a sharps and is empty, the user should select the top, left button.
4-Button Action File
In one embodiment, a 4-button action file is used to determine prompts and action steps for each type of item scanned. Questions to the user are prompted simultaneously, and thus making it easier for the user to respond. The keys can be fixed or represented on a monochrome or a color graphics display. Moreover, keys can be implemented using 4 dedicated buttons or with 4 soft keys (e.g., on a low cost text display). Examples of a 4-button action file are provided in FIG. 29.
Second 4-Button Graphics
One of skill in the art will understand that several graphic designs can be used in accordance with several of the embodiments disclosed herein. For example, FIG. 30b shows a second design for a switch arrangement using four graphic images specifically designed to obtain information related to whether a waste item is or is not a sharps and whether a waste item is or is not empty.
Software Flags (Modes of Operation)
In some embodiments, the user (or another entity) can define configuration settings or “flags” for the device which change the entry point into the Action File and, in one embodiment, can increase the number of items in the Action File. Effectively, this permits a user to alter the system's mode of operation. For instance, if an embodiment includes the use of a cost/eco flag, there may be two lines in the Action File (e.g., one to handle waste as the most cost effective route and another to handle waste in the most ecologically conscious route). However, if the method of disposal were to be the same regardless of the setting of the flag, there may be only one item in the Action file. In an alternate embodiment, the Action File can have two items that are identical. Examples of several flags (or modes of operation) are described below.
COST-ECO Flag
In one embodiment, a “COST-ECO” flag is used. Implementing a COST-ECO flag may permit a hospital to specify a level of concern for waste disposal. If the hospital specifies the COST setting, the device operates in a manner that satisfies all regulatory and other legal requirements at the lowest cost. In practice, this can mean landfilling items with multiple toxic ingredients because they do not qualify as hazardous under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Under RCRA regulations, medical waste is considered hazardous only if it contains an active ingredient on one of the EPA lists (e.g., P-list, U-list, or D-list).
Waste Hauler Flag
Certain waste haulers are licensed to handle bio-hazardous (regulated medical waste or RMW) waste, while others are licensed to handle toxic (hazardous) waste.
In one embodiment, a flag may be used that allows sorting into different containers to accommodate the available waste haulers requirements. Thus, it may possible to prevent filling a container with a particular type of waste if the waste hauler cannot handle such waste.
POTW (Publicly Owned Treatment Works) Flag
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) facilities may or may not be set up to handle and/or treat certain wastewater contaminants. Thus, in one embodiment, a POTW flag may be used. By adding a POTW flag to each item in the database, it is possible to identify whether a waste item can be directly discharged into a particular sewer system.
Jump Drive and Barcode for Configuration
In one embodiment, the sorting system will receive updates to the database to account for new drugs, repackaged drugs, admixtures, and the like. In one embodiment, the carts are not hardwired to an Ethernet connection port (CAT-5) and, thus, instead rely on a wireless communication to connect with the hospital's or facility's network (e.g., intranet). Since data security is a foremost concern in hospitals and other healthcare facilities, in one embodiment, new devices may be precluded from accessing the network until properly authenticated. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 49, one or more firewall systems are used to enhance a facility's data security networks. Typically, hospital devices conform to the Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP) standard. In order for a device to become LEAP authenticated, it typically needs to present certain keys. On a general-purpose computer, it is possible for the system administrator of a particular network to manually enter these keys (e.g., via keyboard and monitor). For those embodiments of the invention that are particularly cost-effective, less expensive, special-purpose, “headless” (no display or keyboard) devices can be used. Thus, alternative methods of supplying the necessary authentication codes are used.
Repackaged Drugs and Admixture Sorting
Several embodiments of the invention are adapted to receive waste from multiple sources. In one scenario, three main classes of pharmaceutical items are expected to reach the collection devices that are located in a point of care patient area. These can be described as (i) pass-through drugs; (ii) repackaged drugs; and (iii) admixtures.
Repackaged drugs are those that are received from the manufacturer in a first package, and are transferred to a second package for distribution to the point of care patient area. The repackaging may take place in a pharmacy, another location within the hospital, or an off-site commercial repackaging house. Examples of commonly repackaged drugs include bulk packaged pills, powders, or liquids that usually must be repackaged into smaller portions or “unit dose” packages for distribution. Repackaging facilitates handling, billing, and verifying correct medication administration.
The package for repackaged drugs can be bar-coded to be recognized by embodiments of the invention. Typically, it is the hospital's responsibility to design the barcode that accompanies repackaged goods. For example, the selected barcode may be the NDC number of the larger package. Although this “borrowed” barcode correctly identifies the drug's chemistry, it is not entirely correct, because it does not provide package code information as does a full NDC code. By changing the package and keeping the barcode, a portion of the barcode becomes technically incorrect. However, it is still usable by some embodiments of the sorting system and is one of the preferred barcodes for the second package of a repackaged drug.
The hospital may also generate a site-unique barcode for the second package. In one embodiment, the site-unique barcode typically starts with an “L” or “99” to distinguish it from manufacturer NDC codes. In order for embodiments of the sorting system to dispose an item with a site-unique barcode, communication between the collection device and the pharmacy is preferred. In one embodiment, the pharmacy provides the collection device with an NDC code with which to associate the barcode appearing on the repackaged item. In one embodiment, the communication may occur in real-time, when the item is presented for disposal. However, real-time communication may slow the operation of the collection device, as the pharmacy computer may be busy or unacceptably slow due to authentication and encryption requirements or communication traffic. In one preferred embodiment, the necessary communication between the collection device and the pharmacy occurs before the item is discarded (e.g., by a broadcast message from the pharmacy at the time the order is filled and sent to the floor).
In addition to pass-through and repackaged drugs, pharmacies often create custom recipes containing multiple pharmaceutical ingredients. These “admixtures” are generally labeled with a site-specific barcode rather than the NDC code of their ingredients. In one embodiment, the site-unique barcode is decoded. In one preferred embodiment, the sorting system is instructed to sort the admixture waste via an HL7 message or the like. Unlike a single repackaged item, an admixture message will associate the barcode with multiple NDC numbers contained in the admixture being discarded. In one embodiment, once the sorting system is in possession of the list of NDC numbers, it can quickly identify the container in which the waste item should be placed, Such a determination is based on individual waste stream codes for the various constituent ingredients in the waste item. FIG. 31 illustrates a flowchart of one embodiment of the decision logic related to the identification and classification of the waste items.
On Screen Waste Stream Display
In one embodiment, a display is provided to indicate selected information, including, but is not limited to, the NDC decoded from the barcode on the package, the chemistry formulation derived from the database lookup (which would match that listed on the package), the waste composition and categorization determined by the machine (which should match the open door), and/or the reasons for the particular waste decision.
In one embodiment of the invention, the present invention comprises waste receptacles that are adapted to restrict access to medical or pharmaceutical waste, once that waste has been deposited in the receptacle.
a movable lid configured to cover each of said removable containers;
a control system configured to classify said medical waste item based on said first and second information;
wherein the control system is configured to assign the medical waste item to at least one medical waste category; and
wherein the control system is further configured to identify one of the removable containers based on the medical waste category by allowing the movable lid of the identified removable container to move to the open position to receive the medical waste item.
2. The sorting system of claim 1, further comprising a key reader configured to read a machine-readable identification key located on each of the removable containers, wherein the machine-readable identification key defines the type of waste the container is adapted to receive.
3. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein said medical waste item comprises a controlled substance.
4. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein said input device is further configured to query the user as to whether the waste item is sharp.
5. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein said input device comprises a scanner to receive said first information and a touch screen to receive said second information.
6. The sorting system of claim 5, wherein said scanner is a wireless or a wired handheld device.
7. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein said input device comprises a scanner to receive said first information and a keyboard to receive said second information.
8. The sorting system of claim 7, wherein said scanner is a wireless or a wired handheld device.
9. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein the input device is further configured to query the user regarding a volume of remaining contents in the medical waste item.
10. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein said first information is contained in a barcode.
11. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein the control system classifies said medical waste item based on environmental or drug enforcement regulations for medical waste.
12. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein the lid is configured to lock in a closed position after the user manually closes said lid.
13. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein each of the removable containers is sized to have an internal volume of about 1 gallon to about 20 gallons.
14. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein the control system is configured to generate a manifest that identifies the medical waste items disposed in at least one of the removable containers.
15. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein said removable containers are color-coded to correspond to different waste categories.
16. The sorting system of claim 1, wherein one or more of said medical waste items comprises a drug vial having an institution-specific label generated by a hospital or pharmacy
17. The sorting system of claim 16, wherein the institution-specific label comprises at least one of said first or second information.
18. The sorting system of claim 16, wherein the institution-specific label comprises colors, numerals, letters or combination thereof.
20. A sorting system for sorting a plurality of medical waste items, the sorting system comprising:
a movable lid adapted to cover each of said removable containers,
wherein the control system is configured to electronically assign a scanned medical waste item to at least one waste category based at least in part on the information obtained from the scanner and a database comprising waste item classification information;
wherein the control system is configured to determine the appropriate container based at least in part on the waste category to which the scanned medical waste item is assigned and the container type;
wherein the control system is further configured to identify the appropriate container to a user by automatically moving the lid associated with said appropriate container to the open position to permit disposal of said medical waste item; and
wherein the movable lid associated with said appropriate container is configured to lock in the closed position after said lid is manually closed.
Publication number: 20090272677
Patent Grant number: 8560460
Applicant: VESTA MEDICAL, LLC (Irvine, CA)
Inventors: Scott R. Mallett (Coto De Caza, CA), Randall C. Danta (Tustin, CA), James R. Benson (Huntington Beach, CA), Alan D. Corey (Newport Beach, CA), Alan A. Davidner (Claremont, CA), Peter Regla (Placentia, CA)
Application Number: 12/502,071
Current U.S. Class: Reading Indicia (209/583); Manual Sorting (209/702); Having Means For Securing Or Retaining Closure In Its Closed Position (e.g., Fastening Devices) (220/315); Having Operator Control Interface (e.g., Control/display Console) (700/83)
International Classification: B07C 7/04 (20060101); B65D 55/02 (20060101); G05B 15/02 (20060101);