Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7233810?dq=6,418,462
Timestamp: 2016-07-24 07:20:48
Document Index: 225671573

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 5000', 'art 5000', 'art 5000', 'art 5200', 'art 5200', 'art 5200', 'art 5300', 'art 5300', 'art 5600']

Patent US7233810 - Dynamically reconfigurable universal transmitter system - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA dynamically reconfigurable universal transmitter system is disclosed herein. The electronic device includes multiple transmitter resources for generating transmission signals, an output bus, and an antenna summer coupled to the output bus. The output bus is selectively coupled to the plurality of transmitter...http://www.google.com/patents/US7233810?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7233810 - Dynamically reconfigurable universal transmitter systemAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7233810 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/922,484Publication dateJun 19, 2007Filing dateAug 3, 2001Priority dateAug 3, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE60140276D1, DE60140614D1, DE60141613D1, EP1316193A1, EP1316193A4, EP1316193B1, EP1744575A2, EP1744575A3, EP1744575B1, EP1746850A2, EP1746850A3, EP1746850B1, US7039915, US8515352, US8781399, US20020062472, US20050066336, US20070213062, US20130316666, WO2002013493A1Publication number09922484, 922484, US 7233810 B2, US 7233810B2, US-B2-7233810, US7233810 B2, US7233810B2InventorsJoel D. Medlock, Uma Jha, David M. Holmes, Andrea Y. J. Chen, Madasamy KartheepanOriginal AssigneeInfineon Technologies AgExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (36), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (24), Classifications (22), Legal Events (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDynamically reconfigurable universal transmitter system
US 7233810 B2Abstract
A dynamically reconfigurable universal transmitter system is disclosed herein. The electronic device includes multiple transmitter resources for generating transmission signals, an output bus, and an antenna summer coupled to the output bus. The output bus is selectively coupled to the plurality of transmitter resources and it selectively receives transmission signals from the plurality of transmission resources. The antenna summer stores transmission signals received on the output bus.
This application claims priority to the provisional patent application with the following Ser. No.: 60/222,853, filed on Aug. 3, 2000.
The present claimed invention relates to the field of wireless communication. In particular, the present claimed invention relates to an apparatus and a method for preparing data for transmitting from a communication device.
Electronic communication devices, such as cell phones, base stations, global positioning systems (GPS) are ubiquitous in everyday business and personal use. Among the many communication applications/systems are: fixed wireless, unlicensed (FCC) wireless, local area network (LAN), cordless telephony, personal base station, telemetry, mobile wireless, and other digital data processing applications. While each of these applications utilizes direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication protocols, they generally utilize unique and incompatible spreading and modulation protocols for signal transmissions. Besides the spread spectrum communication protocols, time division multiple access (TDMA) communication protocols also exist, along with upcoming air interfaces such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). And each communication protocol may require unique hardware, software, and methodologies for transmitting signals from a communication device. This practice can be costly in terms of design, testing, manufacturing, and infrastructure resources. As a result, a need arises to overcome the limitations associated with the varied hardware, software, and methodology of transmitting digital signals that are unique and incompatible between each of the various communication protocols.
If data is ‘pushed’ through the communication device into the transmitter, then it may cause contentions and bottlenecks, which are an inefficient use of hardware resources and may cause reduced performance and dropped calls. Pushing data means that an upstream resource controls the transmission of the data to downstream resources. To avoid cumulative power spikes arising from simultaneous transmission of concurrent channels, e.g., using high power pilot signals, a system can monitor and manage the timing of channels provided to the transmitter to ensure they are staggered. However, this technique can require complicated and inefficient overhead in terms of associated monitoring hardware and software. Additionally, the push data paradigm can cause system interrupts and idle hardware if upstream resources have exceeded downstream resources and a bottleneck of data arises. Thus, a need arises for a method to overcome the limitations of pushing data through a communication device to the transmitter.
The present invention provides a method and apparatus that overcomes the limitations associated with the varied hardware, software, and methodology of transmitting digital signals that are unique and incompatible between each of the various communication protocols. Furthermore, the present invention overcomes the lack of forward compatibility associated with incremental improvements in communication protocols. The present invention also overcomes the potential mismatch between transmitter resources designed for a specific channel format and the changing transmitter resource demand in a given communication device. The limitations of fixed interfaces between transmitter resources and antenna resources and the limitations of a cross bar switch in selectively coupling transmitter resources to antenna resources are also overcome by the method and apparatus of the present invention. Additionally, the present invention overcomes the limitations of pushing data through a communication device to the transmitter.
Referring now to FIG. 1A, a block diagram of an electronic communication device with a configurable universal transmitter system (UTS) is shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Electronic communication device 100 a provides an exemplary application of the present invention in a wireless direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) base transceiver station (BTS).
Hardware resources of communication device 100 a, e.g., components in receiver 116 and UTS 140, are applied to a single computation process, e.g., a given channel, in one embodiment. However, in another embodiment, these hardware resources can be enhanced by running them at a clock rate higher than that required by a process, e.g., higher than the data rate for a communication protocol implemented on communication device 100 a. In this manner, resources of individual computation components, a receiver processor, can be time-shared across multiple computation processes, e.g., several multipaths and/or multiple channels. Additional information on the design and implementation of configurations into a configurable communication device is provided in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/492,634 entitled “IMPROVED APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MULTITHREADED SIGNAL PROCESSING” by Subramanian et al., Attorney Docket No. MORP-P002. This related application is commonly assigned, and is hereby incorporated by reference.
VMI function block 160 is implemented in the present embodiment using host memory 120 and host controller 122 of communication device 100 a. Software for resident on local communication device, as stored in memory 120 and executed on controller uP 122. The VMI function block 160 allows an external user to see only functions and high-level resources of the UTS 140. In this manner, it is easier to generate a configuration, download the configuration information and to implement the configuration on the UTS 140. More information on the VMI is provided in co-pending application Ser. No. 09/828,381 entitled “VIRTUAL MACHINE INTERFACE AND APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE FOR RECONFIGURABLE AND SOFTWARE PROGRAMMABLE PROCESSOR” by Woodthorpe et al., filed Apr. 5, 2001. While present invention provides a VMI to interface the configuration input 142 with the configurable device, UTS 140, the present invention is well suited to not using a VMI and instead receiving configuration information that is suitable for control register implementation.
Universal Transmitter System
Referring now to FIG. 2A, a block diagram of a universal transmitter system and the antenna summer is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A provides an exemplary description of components of universal transmitter system 140 in communication device 100 a of FIG. 1A. FIG. 2A also provides an exemplary embodiment of interconnects 136 and 138 of FIG. 1A.
Transmit (Tx) scheduler 220 is coupled in parallel to multiple universal transmitter units (UTUs), UTU A 240 a through UTU N 240 n, where N is an arbitrary number of units as desired for a given application. In the present embodiment, Tx scheduler 220 is a software-based controller that controls hardware resources. Tx scheduler 220 can be dynamically changed and is flexible. The value for ‘N’ transmitters is an arbitrary quantity of physical hardware resources, as designed for a given application, e.g., source N 230 n and transmitter N 240 n, as provided in FIG. 2A. In the present embodiment, the value N is the same for both source 230 n and UTU 240N. By having the same quantity, these interfacing devices can have a one to one correspondence thereby allowing complementary operation, controlling, and resource allocation. However, in another embodiment, the quantity of devices can be different for source N 230N and UTU N 240N. For example, an additional quantity of a physical hardware resource can be provided for a given function, e.g., transmitters, if known to have a higher failure rate than a matching component, e.g., sources. In this manner, an extra reserve of physical resources can be utilized to maintain nominal performance of the communication device despite ongoing local failures. By changing which physical resources are scheduled, as described in subsequent FIG. 2D, reserve resources can be idle or implemented.
The value of ‘N’ in the present embodiment in terms of real hardware transmitters is less than the cumulative number of transmitters required by all the antennae in the antenna array 101. In the present embodiment, the number of physical UTU components, e.g., UTU A 240 a through UTU N 240 n, is equivalent to a worst case, e.g., highest quantity, of transmitters required for a single antenna for a worst case of communication protocols to which the communication device is configurable to operate. The resultant worst-case value might also account for the heaviest traffic sector in a base station. In another embodiment, the worst-case scenario also includes a buffer of additional transmitters to accommodate future growth in standards. However, the present invention is well suited to having any quantity of physical transmitters as designed by a user. The allocation of transmitter resources for the balance of the antenna in the antenna array 101 are accommodated by time-slicing, or reusing, the physical transmitter resources multiple times within a given system cycle, once for each antenna. This concept is explained more fully in subsequent FIGS. 2C and 2D.
The value for ‘H’ antenna summers and antennae is similarly an arbitrary quantity of resources, either real or virtual, as designed for a given application for some components, e.g., antenna summer H 250 h and antenna H 201 h. The quantity of ‘H’ for antenna summer H 250 h and antenna H 201 h is the same in the present embodiment because there is a one to one correspondence between the summer and the antenna to which it provides data. However, in another embodiment, the quantity of devices can be different for antenna summer H 250 h and antenna H 201 h. The value H is less than N in the present embodiment because multiple users are transmitted on a single antenna. However, the specific ratio of ‘H’ and ‘N ’ can vary widely as defined by a given application.
Additional information on time-sharing of hardware resources is described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/920,093 entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TIME-SLICED AND MULTI-THREADED DATA PROCESSING IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM,” by Rieken et al. This related application is commonly assigned, and is hereby incorporated by reference. Alternatively, the present invention is well suited to using any quantity of virtual uses for any time period desired, for any hardware element and for any system cycle condition. The number of virtual uses for a given application can change over the period of time, providing control information and management software provides support for dynamic changes to the frequency at which the hardware resources operate. Furthermore, alignment of processing, setup, and save stages can have a wide range of alignment features, overlapping, no overlapping, staggered, etc. as appropriate for a given application. The quantity of virtual uses does not have to consume the entire system cycle, 262. For example, a wait feature can be implemented to hold the processing of virtual hardware resources until the next system cycle when new data will be available.
Secondary table 280 b then provides operating information, via output 294 a, to the hardware resources, e.g., the UTUs 240 a through 240 n, and enables them to process data for the given antenna designated by primary table 280 a. The group of rows, or slots, of information for each given physical resource/virtual use combination for a given antenna, e.g., all rows for virtual use ‘1’ in column 285 designated for antenna A, can be referred to as a chunk list. Every line of code is executed sequentially within the chunk list for a given antenna, assuming that it has an on/off flag set to ‘on’ in column 286, until it reaches the last line, wherein the return to primary list column 289 has an ‘end’ that essentially provides a pointer back to the primary table 280a, as shown by arrow 292, to which it returns control. Secondary table also contains information for how large the data or pilot fields are for a channel format by providing a lookup address of a desired channel format, e.g., slot format, in a look up table (LUT) in memory 222. A flowchart describing the operation of primary table 280 a and secondary table 280 b is provided in subsequent FIG. 5C.
Control is provided to primary list 280A via enable input 238 shown in FIG. 2A. Control field configuration 161 is similarly provided and loaded into primary list ‘start’ column 282 and into secondary list for ‘Hardware (H/W) control parameters set by software (S/W)’ column 287. Examples of H/W control parameters set by S/W include the slot format, spreading factor configuration for a code generator, modulation formatting, discontinuous transmission (DTX) rates, frame assembly instructions, etc. and any other variable that would exist across multiple communication protocols accommodated by the universal transmitter system 140. Another user-specified input can include a min/max limit for power control for various channel types. Some of these parameters and configurations are dictated by the communication protocol, and thus change the configurable multi-protocol capable universal transmitter unit into a channel-specific transmitter when implemented. Other parameters and configurations are algorithmic or performance specific values that enable the universal transmitter unit to perform to a user's model. The slot format parameter indicates the type of channel that the data from the encoder system is to be transmitted as.
Hardware control parameters set by hardware include inputs such as power control loop input, e.g., input 123 shown in FIG. 1A, state information from a previous time slice for a given channel, timing information, updates to power control from uplink, etc. These parameters are obtained from operation of the communication device on data for a given user or mobile. Operation of schedulers as well as the link lists is also described in a co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/922,485, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SOFTWARE-BASED ALLOCATION AND SCHEDULING OF HARDWARE RESOURCES IN AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE”, by Kavoori et al., filed concurrently herwith. This related application is commonly assigned, and is hereby incorporated by reference. The benefits of the software controller include flexible sequencing of hardware resources, convenient reconfigurability of hardware via configuration information stored in software, easy debugging, high failure tolerance, etc.
Universal Transmitter Unit
Referring now to FIG. 3A, a block diagram of a universal transmitter unit, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Universal transmitter unit 240 n in FIG. 3A provides an exemplary embodiment of any of UTU components 240 a through 240 n for UTS 140 of FIG. 2A.
UTU N 240 n includes a processor 328, a symbol rate scrambling block 320, a code generator unit (CGU) 310, a demux and diversity block 322, a chip-rate spreading block 323, and a power-weighting block 324. CGU 310 is coupled to scrambling block and to chip rate-spreading block 323 to provide code sequences that are appropriate to the communication protocol desired and to the specific channel within the communication protocol. CGU 310 is a configurable code generator capable of performing any one of multiple code sequences required by any one of multiple communication protocols. An exemplary CGU is provided by U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/751,782 entitled “A CONFIGURABLE CODE GENERATOR SYSTEM FOR SPREAD SPECTRUM APPLICATIONS”, by Joel Medlock, Attorney Docket No. 9824-0029-999. This related application is commonly assigned, and is hereby incorporated by reference. Alternatively CGU 310 can be a code engine slated for a single communication protocol if communication device 100 a is desired to be operated as a single protocol device. Alternatively, CGU 310 can be a collection of independent code generators capable of performing the range of code sequence generation required by the multiple communication protocols desired for the communication device 100 a. Input data is received on input line 157, as shown in FIG. 2A, and communicated to processor 328. Processor performs protocol assembler functions as described in a subsequent figure, then passes data to scrambling unit 320.
Configurable Modulator
Referring now to FIG. 4A, a block diagram of a configurable demux unit is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A provides an i exemplary embodiment of diversity encoder/multiplexer unit 322 of FIG. 3A. Diversity encoder/multiplexer 322 provides a wide range of diversity encoding and multiplexing bits into symbols for a wide range of modulation schemes.
The present invention is able to accommodate a wide range of modulation protocols including phase shift keying modulation and quadrature amplitude modulation. For example the present embodiment can accommodate binary phase shift keying (BPSK) that utilizes one bit per symbol, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) that utilizes two bits per symbol, and 8 phase shift keying (8-PSK) that utilizes three bits per symbol. The present invention is also well suited to implementing amplitude modulation formats such as 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) utilizing four bits per symbol, and 64-QAM utilizing six bits per symbol. Furthermore, the present invention can accommodate space-time transmit diversity (STTD), time switched transmit diversity (TSTD), orthogonal transmit diversity (OTD), and space-time spreading (STS). Time transmit diversity portions of diversity transmissions are accommodated by providing prior data samples for constructing a symbol of a current transmission. Additionally, the selection of shift register taps over time is provided by mux control input 442, which increments in time and specifies taps to select the symbol information provided via demux 422. Local memory is used in the present embodiment to store list of mux control. Alternatively, a state machine or local memory registers can store mux control information. Mux control state is stored as context information, e.g. in secondary table 280 b in the present embodiment.
Table 400 b include multiple columns that represent the desired tap to be selected, e.g., select tap input 1 456, select tap 2 458, select tap 3 460, select tap 4 462, select tap 5 464, select tap 6 466, select tap 7 468, and select tap 8 470. Each of the select taps 456–470 represent the amount of connectivity to shift register 430 of FIG. 4A for the range of modulation schemes for which diversity encoder and multiplexer 322 can be configured. Thus, not all shift register taps are needed for each modulation protocol.
Table 400B provides exemplary entries for mux control 442 that specify tap locations in shift register 430 that are required for a non-diversity quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation protocol. Because two bits makes a symbol for QPSK, symbol T' 438 and T' −1 440 only cover two bits worth of data in the shift register 430. Also, because the shift register loads data for two symbols at a time, the first two symbols, e.g., symbol T' 438 and symbol T' −1 440, are present in shift register 430 of FIG. 4A for describing this mux control example. The ‘−1’ values for the other columns for table 400B indicate that the inputs to demux 422 for those columns are ignored, as no other data inputs are required for non-diversity QPSK modulation besides the two data bits provided by select tap 1 column 456 and select tap 2 column 458. Additional information for the method of implementing table 400B is provided in subsequent FIG. 5F. The values for mux selector table 400 b are provided by secondary table 280 b of FIG. 2D, either by reference to another LUT or by storing values in column 288.
Referring now to FIG. 5A, a flowchart of a process for operating a universal transmitter system (UTS) is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. By using Flowchart 5000, a user can develop and implement proprietary algorithms and user-specific operation instructions in the configurable UTS.
Flowchart 5000 begins with step 5002, for which the present embodiment generates UTS parameters, configuration and scheduling information. Step 5002 is implemented in the present embodiment using offline computer system that is known to those skilled in the art to provide the functionality of generating configuration information by mapping and translating the needs and requests of a user to the capabilities and quantities of resources known to be available for a UTS. This allows the user to have significant control, as a user-friendly level, over the universal transmitter system 140 and each universal transmitter unit, e.g., 240 a through 240 n of FIG. 2A. Additional information on configuring of hardware resources is described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/772,582 entitled “METHOD OF GENERATING A CONFIGURATION FOR A CONFIGURABLE SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION DEVICE” by Subramanian et al., Attorney Docket No. 9824-083-999. This related application is commonly assigned, and is hereby incorporated by reference. Following step 5002, flowchart 5000 proceeds to step 5004.
In step 5206 of the present embodiment channel information for the desired channel is entered into the link list at the location corresponding to the desired antenna. Step 5206 is implemented in the present embodiment by entering as channel information, the control parameters for UTS 140 and UTU as described in FIGS. 2A, 2D, and 3A into secondary table (link list) 280B of FIG. 2D. Thus, if it is known that the user is in a sector of a base station having antenna A 201 a, then the information for operating the channel is entered into salve table in an open slot corresponding to antenna A, which per the primary table 280 a starts at location ‘0001’. Looking at the secondary table 280B, it is apparent that Transmitter N at virtual use 1, under columns 284 and 285 respectively, has an on/off flag set to ‘off’ in column 286. Therefore it would be acceptable to place the channel information, e.g., UTU configuration, in that row. Two or more transmitters can be utilized in conjunction with each other to configure for a channel format that was not provided in the download list or that is a new channel format that was not accounted for in the download list, e.g., the 8-PSK case discussed hereinabove linked for operating on the same antenna. Following step 5206, flowchart 5200 proceeds to step 5208.
In step 5214 of the present embodiment, channel information is transferred to a new location in the link list to reflect the change in antenna transmission. Alternatively, step 5214 can re-link the list to accomplish the change in sequence to reflect the new antenna location for the channel. This step may involve compressed mode operation to allow measurements. This operation can be referred to as a softer handoff. Step 5214 is implemented in the present embodiment by moving channel information within secondary table 280B to reflect the new antenna location. For example, information in columns H/W control parameters set by S/W 287 and H/W control parameters set by H/W 288 will move from a slot for a current antenna location, e.g., slot Transmitter A and virtual use 1 for Antenna A, on which the mobile is presently communicating to a new slot, e.g., on transmitter N, virtual use 2, for a new antenna, e.g., Antenna H, on which the user wants to communicate next. Parts of these steps are also described in step 5204 through 5210. This transfer of information is shown by path 295 in secondary table 280B of FIG. 2D. Control information for the given channel has to be reentered in the correct chunk list of table 280B for the appropriate antenna in one embodiment. However, in another embodiment, the control information for the given channel does not have to be reentered to the link list per step 5206. This is because the channel information already exists at the end of a previous chunk list. The desired, or new, chunk list for the channel only need link, at the end of its chunk list, to that last entry of the old chunk list having the desired channel information. After the control information executes, the old chunk list will end and return control to the primary table 280A, as if the desired channel information were in the new chunk list. If a new channel does not take the place of the old slot, e.g., Transmitter A and virtual use 1, then the on/off flag in column 286 can be changed to ‘off’ in which case, the control will be skipped and the hardware resource for that virtual use will be idle. Following step 5214, flowchart 5200 proceeds to step 5208.
In step 5218 of the present embodiment the transmitter operation will be changed in link list to reflect transfer operation. This is known as a soft handoff if the communication protocols of the two communication devices, e.g., base stations, are the same. If the communication protocols of the two communication devices, e.g., base stations, are different, then it is referred to as a hard handoff. Step 5218 is similar to step 5214 in that the control information in secondary table (or link list) 400B, will be moved or the virtual use will have an ‘off’ designation if no other channel needs. However, the transfer of a channel to another communication device requires more control interfacing to successfully execute this operation. The additional control information might include discontinuous transmission and compressed mode operations, both of which may be adapted by changing control parameters in secondary table 280B to reflect the channel type desired, e.g., compressed mode channel transmission. Following step 5218, flowchart 5200 proceeds to step 5220.
In step 5308 of the present embodiment the configuration information for a UTU on a given antenna is implemented. Step 5308 is implemented in the present embodiment by primary table 280 a and secondary table 280 b being executed, e.g., by controller 224. Information output 6308 a, and shown in FIG. 2D as output 294 a, provides information such as control register information for operating the UTU and related hardware, from memory, e.g., memory 222, to the components of the UTU, such as those described in FIG. 3A. For example, if the primary table 280 a begins at the top of the table, then context information for channels designated for transmitting on antenna 1 will be executed. The first entry in secondary table is the row with exemplary address ‘0001’. The group of the rows, or slots, of information for each given physical resource/virtual use combination slated for a given antenna can be referred to as a chunk list. The configuration information may be provided as a prefetch operation (or setup) as shown in FIG. 2C by setup 266 a for setup of Virtual use 1 266. The prefetch operation preempts the lag time associated with retrieving data. Following step 5308, flowchart 5300 proceeds to step 5312.
In step 5320 of the present embodiment all the channels for a given antenna have been executed. Step 5320 is implemented in the present embodiment by the primary table 280 a and secondary table 280 b of FIG. 2D as executed by controller 224 of FIG. 2A. In particular, every line of code is executed sequentially within the chunk list for a given antenna, assuming that it has an on/off flag set to ‘on’ in column 286, until it reaches the last line, wherein the return to primary list column 289 has an ‘end’ that essentially provides a pointer back to the primary table 280 a, as shown by arrow 292, to which it returns control. Following step 5320, flowchart 5300 proceeds to step 5322.
In step 5604 of the present embodiment, the configuration for Mux connectivity is communicated for the appropriate point in the cycle. Step 5604 is implemented by communicating data out from the appropriate row in the Mux selector table 400B to demux 422. For example, select tap 1 456 column and select tap 2 458 column of table 400B have an entry in the first row of ‘3’ and ‘2’, respectively. This represents the two non-inverted data bits that represent symbol T' −1 440 in FIG. 4A for a non-diversity quadrature phase shift key (QPSK) modulation scheme. The T' −1 symbol 440 is actually the current sample while symbol T' 438 is a future sample, according to the bit loading protocol of the diversity encoder/multiplexer 322 as described in FIG. 4A. In view of this protocol, the second cycle of diversity encoder and multiplication block 322 reads a second row of table 400 b with entries of ‘1’ and ‘0’ for select tap 1 456 column and select tap 2 458 column, respectively for the next symbol in time, T' 438. Because two new symbols worth of data are shifted into shift register 430 after this step, the process repeats itself with the next symbol of data being symbol T−1 440, with desired tap 1 column 456 and desired tap 2 column 458 entries of ‘3’ and ‘2’ respectively. Following step 5604, flowchart 5600 proceeds to step 5606 In step 5606 of the present embodiment data is transmitted from shift register tap(s) via demux as either I or Q symbol data. Step 5606 is implemented in the present embodiment by the selectivity of demux 422 per mux control input 442 from table 400B of FIG. 4B, transmitting data from shift register 430 through interconnect 420 and out of demux 422 on lines I 426 and Q 424. Depending upon the protocol established, the I or Q data is either sign or magnitude information for subsequent amplitude or phase modulation operations. Steps 5604 through 5606 repeat for the duration of the virtual use for which the UTU has been scheduled, as described in FIGS. 2C and 2D.
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