Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9400298
Timestamp: 2018-04-20 01:23:52
Document Index: 394145589

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 200880120802', 'Application No. 200880120802', 'Application No. 200880120802', 'Application No. 200880120802', 'Application No. 097148538']

US9400298B1 - Capacitive field sensor with sigma-delta modulator - Google Patents
Capacitive field sensor with sigma-delta modulator Download PDF
US9400298B1
US9400298B1 US13342942 US201213342942A US9400298B1 US 9400298 B1 US9400298 B1 US 9400298B1 US 13342942 US13342942 US 13342942 US 201213342942 A US201213342942 A US 201213342942A US 9400298 B1 US9400298 B1 US 9400298B1
US13342942
This application is a divisional application of U.S. Non Provisional application Ser. No. 12/167,100 filed on Jul. 2, 2008; now U.S. Pat. No. 8,089,289 issued Jan. 3, 2012 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/947,865, filed on Jul. 3, 2007, the contents of both which are incorporated herein by reference.
V Csum = V dd ⁡ ( 1 - e - N ⁢ Cx Csum ) ( Equation ⁢ ⁢ 1 )
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a capacitive sensor 200, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Capacitive sensor 200 is capable of converting the measurement of the capacitance of sensing capacitor (Cx) into the measurement of the duty cycle of a feedback pulse signal (FB SIG). Furthermore, the relationship between the duty cycle of FB SIG and the capacitance of Cx is substantially linear. Capacitive sensor 200 may also be regarded as a switching capacitor current to duty cycle converter.
During operation, the charge on Cmod accumulates via the technique described above until the voltage Umod at node N1 reaches Vref. At this point, the output MOD_SIG from CMP_225 toggles, which is latched and fed back to control switch SW4 as feedback signal FB_SIG. FB_SIG causes switch SW4 to close circuit. Discharge circuit 227 discharges Cmod through Rd until Umod drops below Vref, causing MOD_SIG to toggle once again. Latch 230 introduces a small delay into the feedback path prior to open circuiting SW4. This latch delay is controlled by clock source 235. Once SW4 is open circuited, the switching of SW1, SW2, and SW3 recharges Cmod once again. The voltage Umod continuously dithers back and forth about Vref generating a square wave at the output latch 230. This square wave is analyzed by measurement circuit 215 to determine the duty cycle or percentage of time FB_SIG is high versus low. This percentage averaged over time is representative of the capacitance or capacitance change of sensing capacitor Cx.
FIG. 10B illustrates a sigma-delta modulator 212 having a charge dissipation circuit 229 including a switching capacitor resistor circuit with a gated clock source. When FB SIG is logic HIGH, the clock signal CLK is applied to the switches SW5 and SW6 with non-overlapping pulses (e.g., such as clock signals Phi1 and Phi2 generated by control circuit 220), causing a discharging current to flow to ground from modulation capacitor Cmod. At a logic LOW value for FB_SIG, the clock signal CLK is gated and switching capacitor circuit including Ccomp does not sink current from modulator capacitor Cmod.
FIG. 10C illustrates a sigma-delta modulator 213 having a charge dissipation circuit 231 where the non-overlapping clock phases Phi1 and Phi2 are applied constantly to switches SW5 and SW6, but SW5 and SW6 are selectively connected in series between Umod and either Vref or ground by the multiplexor MUX, depending on the value of the feedback pulse signal FB SIG. The principle of operation of charge dissipation circuit 231 is similar to charge dissipation circuit 229 in that SW5, SW6, and Ccomp operate as a switching capacitor resistor circuit.
In a process block 530, latch 230 latches the value of MOD_SIG to its output as FB_SIG. Latching is synchronized to a clock signal output by clock source 235. FB_SIG is fed back to discharge switch SW4. The toggled value is a logic HIGH, which close circuits discharging switch SW4 and commences discharge of Cmod through Rd (process block 535). Cmod is discharged until Umod drops back below Vref, as determined by CMP 225 (decision block 540), at which point CMP 225 toggles MOD-SIG (process block 545). Discharge switch SW4 is once again open circuited after MOD_SIG is latched and process 500 repeats from process block 510.
After an initial transitory startup phase, capacitance sensor 200 enters its steady state phase where the voltage potential Umod on Cmod oscillates or dithers about Vref. This oscillation about Vref creates the modulation signal MOD_SIG upon which the feedback pulse signal FB_SIG is based. Once operating in the steady state phase, the duty cycle of the FB SIG is directly proportional to the capacitance or capacitance change of Cx.
Accordingly, in a process block 550, the duty cycle of FB_SIG is measured by measurement circuit 215. In one embodiment, measurement circuit 215 may include a clock gated by FB_SIG and a counter to count a number of clock cycles occurring while FB_SIG is HIGH for a given period of time. Furthermore, there can be other methods to extract the multi-bit digital values from the bit stream data output by the sigma-delta modulator, such as various types of the digital filters or otherwise. Finally, in a process block 555, the measured duty cycle is used to determine the capacitance Cx or capacitance change ACx of the sensing capacitor. Logic 217 may use this digital code to determine whether a user finger has interacted with a capacitive field sensor within a user interface. In one embodiment, measurement circuit 215 may output a digital code indicative of the capacitance or capacitance change of Cx. In one embodiment, capacitive sensor 200 operates as a Cmod charge current (i.e., Icharge in FIG. 4B) to digital code converter. Of course, the charge current of Cmod is related to the variable capacitance of the field sensor Cx.
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating pin-out connections for implementing a single field sensor interface 700 within an integrated circuit, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Integrated circuit (“IC”) 705 includes sigma-delta modulator 210, clock source 620, inverter INV1, and switch SW5 integrated on a single die. The following components including: sensing capacitor Cx, filter resistor Rfilt, discharge resistor Rd, modulation capacitor Cmod, and diode D1 are externally coupled to IC 705. In one embodiment, inverter INV 1 may be implemented in software or firmware using a look up table (“LUT”).
FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram illustrating a demonstrative system 1100 for implementing a capacitive sense user interface, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The illustrated embodiment of system 1100 includes a processing device 1110, a capacitive sense pad 1120, a capacitive sense linear slider 1130, a capacitive sense radial slider 1140, a host processor 1150, an embedded controller 1160, and non-capacitance sensor elements 1170. Processing device 1110 may include analog and/or digital general purpose input/output (“GPIO”) ports 1107.
GPIO ports 1107 may be programmable. GPIO ports 1107 may be coupled to a Programmable Interconnect and Logic (“PIL”), which acts as an interconnect between GPIO ports 1107 and a digital block array of processing device 1110 (not illustrated). The digital block array may be configured to implement a variety of digital logic circuits (e.g., DAC, digital filters, digital control systems, etc.) using, in one embodiment, configurable user modules (“UMs”). The digital block array may be coupled to a system bus. Processing device 1110 may also include memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 1105 and program flash 1104. RAM 1105 may be static RAM (“SRAM”), and program flash 1104 may be a non-volatile storage, which may be used to store firmware. Processing device 1110 may also include a memory controller unit (“MCU”) 1103 coupled to memory and the processing core 1102.
As illustrated, capacitance sensor 1101, which includes an implementation of capacitance sensor 200, 600, 700, or 800 may be integrated into processing device 1110. Capacitance sensor 1101 may include analog 110 for coupling to an external component, such as capacitive sense pad 1120, capacitive sense linear slider 1130, capacitive sense radial slider 1140, and/or other capacitive sense devices. Capacitive sense pad 1120, capacitive sense linear slider 1130, and/or capacitive sense radial slider 1140 may each include one or more sensing capacitors Cx to implement the individual capacitive sense buttons therein.
In one embodiment, processing device 1110 is configured to communicate with embedded controller 1160 or host 1150 to send and/or receive data. The data may be a command or alternatively a signal. In an exemplary embodiment, system 1100 may operate in both standard-mouse compatible and enhanced modes. The standard-mouse compatible mode utilizes the HID class drivers already built into the Operating System (OS) software of host 1150. These drivers enable processing device 1110 and sensing device to operate as a standard cursor control user interface device, such as a two-button PS/2 mouse. The enhanced mode may enable additional features such as scrolling (reporting absolute position) or disabling the sensing device, such as when a mouse is plugged into the notebook. Alternatively, processing device 1110 may be configured to communicate with embedded controller 1160 or host 1150, using nonOS drivers, such as dedicated touch-sensor pad drivers, or other drivers known by those of ordinary skill in the art.
a switching capacitor circuit to reciprocally couple a sensing capacitor in series with a modulation capacitor during a first switching phase and to discharge the sensing capacitor during a second switching phase;
a comparator coupled to compare a voltage potential on the modulation capacitor to a reference and to generate a modulation signal in response; and
a charge dissipation circuit coupled to the modulation capacitor to selectively discharge the modulation capacitor in response to the modulation signal.
2. The capacitive sensor of claim 1, wherein the switching capacitor circuit includes a diode coupled between the sensing capacitor and the modulation capacitor.
3. The capacitive sensor of claim 2, wherein the diode is coupled to prevent the modulation capacitor from discharging during the second switching phase while the sensing capacitor is coupled to discharge.
4. The capacitive sensor of claim 2, wherein the switching capacitor circuit further comprises:
an inverter coupled to the clock source; and
a switch coupled between a ground and a circuit node located between the sensing capacitor and the diode, wherein the switch is responsive to one of the inverter or the clock source, and wherein a first terminal of the sensing capacitor is coupled to an opposite one of the inverter or the clock source than the switch.
5. The capacitive sensor of claim 4, wherein the switching capacitor circuit further comprises a resistor coupled between the sensing capacitor and the diode and wherein the circuit node is located between the resistor and the diode.
6. The capacitive sensor of claim 2, wherein the switching capacitor circuit comprises:
a first switch coupled between a first terminal of the sensing capacitor and a first supply voltage;
a second switch coupled between the first terminal and a ground; and
a third switch coupled between a second terminal of the sensing capacitor and the ground.
7. The capacitive sensor of claim 6, further comprising a control circuit coupled to control the first, second, and third switches, wherein the control circuit close circuits the first switch during the first switching phase and close circuits the second and third switches during the second switching phase.
8. The capacitive sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a latch coupled between the dissipation circuit and the comparator to latch the modulation signal to its output as a feedback signal fed back to the dissipation circuit; and
a measurement circuit coupled to measure a duty cycle of the feedback signal, wherein the duty cycle is indicative of a capacitance of the sensing capacitor.
9. The capacitive sensor of claim 1, wherein the charge dissipation circuit comprises a current source coupled to selectively discharge the modulation capacitor in response to the modulation signal.
10. The capacitive sensor of claim 1, wherein the charge dissipation circuit comprises:
a switching capacitor resistor circuit coupled between a terminal of the modulation capacitor and a ground; and
a clock source gated in response to the modulation signal and coupled to control the switching capacitor resistor circuit.
11. The capacitive sensor of claim 1, wherein the charge dissipation circuit comprises: a switching capacitor resistor circuit coupled to the modulation capacitor and having two switches selectively coupled in series between the modulation capacitor and either a ground or the reference responsive to the modulation signal.
12. A system for implementing a user interface, comprising:
a switching capacitor circuit to reciprocally couple a field capacitor of the user interface in series with a modulation capacitor during a first switching phase and to discharge the field capacitor during a second switching phase;
a modulation circuit coupled to compare a voltage potential on the modulation capacitor to a reference and to generate a feedback signal to control selective discharge of the modulation capacitor; and
a measurement circuit coupled to measure a duty cycle of the feedback signal.
13. The system of claim 12, further comprising logic coupled to determine whether a user interaction with the field capacitor occurred based upon the duty cycle measured by the measurement circuit.
14. The system of claim 12, further comprising a diode coupled between the field capacitor and the modulation capacitor, the diode oriented to prevent discharge of the modulation capacitor during the second switching phase.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the switching capacitor circuit comprises:
a switch coupled between a ground and a circuit node, wherein the circuit node is located between the field capacitor and the diode, wherein the switch is coupled to be responsive to one of the inverter or the clock source, and wherein the field capacitor is coupled to an opposite one of the inverter or the clock source than the switch.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the field capacitor and the modulation capacitor are externally coupled to an integrated circuit including the clock source, the modulation circuit, and the measurement circuit.
an input/output (“I/O”) pin of the integrated circuit through which the field sensor is coupled; and
a plurality of field sensors coupled to the I/O pin to timeshare the modulation circuit and the clock circuit.
US13342942 2007-07-03 2012-01-03 Capacitive field sensor with sigma-delta modulator Active 2031-03-08 US9400298B1 (en)
US94786507 true 2007-07-03 2007-07-03
US12167100 US8089289B1 (en) 2007-07-03 2008-07-02 Capacitive field sensor with sigma-delta modulator
US13342942 US9400298B1 (en) 2007-07-03 2012-01-03 Capacitive field sensor with sigma-delta modulator
US12167100 Division US8089289B1 (en) 2007-07-03 2008-07-02 Capacitive field sensor with sigma-delta modulator
US9400298B1 true US9400298B1 (en) 2016-07-26
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US12167100 Active 2029-06-19 US8089289B1 (en) 2007-07-03 2008-07-02 Capacitive field sensor with sigma-delta modulator
US13342942 Active 2031-03-08 US9400298B1 (en) 2007-07-03 2012-01-03 Capacitive field sensor with sigma-delta modulator
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