Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/DE69829487T2/en
Timestamp: 2019-12-11 23:48:40
Document Index: 514929687

Matched Legal Cases: ['arts 5', 'art 46', 'art 46', 'art 46', 'arts 5', 'arts 5']

DE69829487T2 - Ion apparatus device and method - Google Patents
Ion apparatus device and method
DE69829487D1 (en
1997-05-28 Priority to FR9706553 priority
1998-05-25 Priority to PCT/FR1998/001040 priority patent/WO1998054747A1/en
2005-04-28 Publication of DE69829487D1 publication Critical patent/DE69829487D1/en
2006-02-09 Publication of DE69829487T2 publication Critical patent/DE69829487T2/en
The The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for ion etching a surface a semiconductor or insulator.
The ion etching requires a good spatial Control of etching zones on the etching surface. One can therefore use a mask that includes holes. These holes can be micrometric Reach sizes and allow an optimal etching precision in of the order of magnitude a fraction of a micron or less. A disadvantage of this Technique is to make a mask for each etch pattern conditionally.
A Another method relies on a direct control of the relative Position of the incident on the etching surface Beam. This control is done for example by means of electrical and / or magnetic guides and a cooling of the beam, that is the Reduction of the velocity component, leading to the propagation direction of the beam is perpendicular. The precision of this method will even better, by having direct control with the use of micro or nanoholes combined. To the etching perform, move the semiconductor or insulator under the beam. These Technology improves precision essential, an order of magnitude reached from a few nm to 100 nm. The reliability of this procedure however, is limited because of the difficulties that by selecting exposure duration and movement speed of the semiconductor.
The The present invention has as objects a device and a Method for ion etching with greater Reliability, the one room precise Control of the etching allowed, which is carried out electronically.
Especially The invention is directed to an ion etching apparatus and method which an etching precision in of the order of magnitude allow the nanometer.
The The invention has such a device and such a method to the task, which are economical and easy to implement.
To this end, the invention relates to an ion etching apparatus which allows to etch an etching surface of a semiconductor or insulator. The device comprises:
A source of positive ions,
Guiding means of a beam of the ions directing the beam to the etching surface, and
Means for relatively moving the etching surface with respect to the ion beam.
A spatio-temporal detection system for interactions of the ions of the beam with the etching surface,
- means for interrupting the ion beam and
A processing unit connected to the means for moving, the detection system and the means for interrupting the beam and the successive operations of detecting the interactions of ions of the beam with the etching surface, the interruption of the beam, the relative movement of the etching surface the position of the beam and the restoration of the beam controls.
Controls according to the invention the processing unit repeats the above-mentioned operations.
By "area" one understands one superficial Part of the semiconductor or insulator, generally about cut a crystallographic level. The area is advantageously flat, but can also be bent.
The ion beam operations are performed under vacuum. This vacuum can correspond to a relatively high pressure, for example of the order of 10 -9 Pa. It can also be an ultra-high vacuum.
The Means for relatively moving the etching surface to the ion beam may include Moving the semiconductor or the insulator or moving the beam by varying their position or their orientation. Man leads therefore the etching one by one, zone by zone. In a variant of the implementation directing several rays onto the surface at the same time.
The spatiotemporal Recording system captures both the positions and the moments of the Interactions.
The etching device according to the invention allows for control over the existing devices the exposure times of the etching surface and the movements to the etching surface in relation on the ion beam. This mastery leads to a considerably increased Reliability. The main difficulty of ion etching exists in the fact that the impact of the ions on the target is arbitrary, both in terms of the spatial aspect as well as respect Lich the temporal aspect. The device according to the invention allows the etching at these arbitrary Adapt phenomena.
The positive ions sent from the source are preferably multicharge ions, it means that each ion has at least three positive charges.
Preferably become the interactions of the ions of the beam with the etching surface Ion for ion carried out.
The etched semiconductor is made of, for example, a material selected from Si, AsGa, InP and Ge. The etched insulator, for its part, consists for example of SiO 2 or LiF.
Preferably includes the etching device a spatial Localization system of the ion beam, which is located between the ion source and the etching surface is inserted.
This spatial Locating system advantageously consists of one or more beam collimators.
It It is also advantageous that the etching device with a control system the position of the jet and equipped with means for cooling the jet is. It is also interesting that the device is a system for monokinetic selection of ions (between the ion source and the etching surface).
The Means for interrupting the jet advantageously comprise Means for applying an electric field approximately parallel to the etching surface.
This electric field can distract the beam and therefore the impact a new ion on the surface To block. The use of an electric field to interrupt The beam is advantageously combined with the use of a collimator, wherein a weak electric field is enough to break the beam.
at a preferred embodiment the guide comprise these means for applying a magnetic field, which Deflects the ion beam by a certain angle.
advantageously, is this magnetic field uniform, and the deflection angle is 90 °.
at a first embodiment include the guide means Means for applying an electric field, which is an electrical Deflection results.
at In a second variant, the guide means simultaneously Magnetic field and an electric field combined around, for example in a Wien filter.
The Means for relatively moving the etching surface to the ion beam include advantageously at least one element that is between a piezoelectric Quartz and a ceramic is selected which the semiconductor to the incident on the etching surface beam of Ions moved.
such Means for moving make a controlled movement with one precision possible, the in the order of magnitude of the nanometer can lie. The presence of several complementary Means for moving, such as two piezoelectric crystals or two ceramics, it allows the semiconductor or the insulator to move in two directions perpendicular to each other, which is the production of each any etching pattern allows. You can, for example, along a straight or circular line insulating points on a semiconductor or semiconducting points to create on an insulator at regular intervals, to make a digital encoding.
Preferably is the movement of the semiconductor to the incident ion beam at right angles.
The However, motion can also be at any angle to the incident Beam performed become.
It is interesting that the etching device Scanning tunneling microscope and / or a repulsive force microscope comprises, which is a local topographic control and / or conductivity control the processed etching surface performs.
in the Generally, such a microscope allows the reading of an etching pattern.
The etching device according to the invention Can be applied to any etching surface whether it is passivated or not, and applies to any etching concept according to which the electrical or chemical or topographical nature the surface is local is modified by an ion beam.
at a first preferred embodiment the etching device according to the invention is the surface of first molecules of the semiconductor or insulator with a first chemical or topographical nature occupied. The ion source is one Source of positive ions that are heavily charged and low energy have, and the etching device comprises Means for applying a braking voltage to the ions of the beam a controlled average speed lends it that Ions allowed to be in contact with the etching surface come, a variety of the first molecules of the surface in second molecules which has a second chemical or topographical nature have, with these ions backscattered become.
By positive "strongly charged" ions is meant ions having at least three positive charges, and preferably at least five ten positive charges. Their energy is called "low" in relation to that of the ions obtained by means of a particle accelerator, the latter being of the order of magnitude of MeV or GeV, and therefore the weak energy of the ions is lower by a few tens keV.
The Braking voltage is applied so that it is a very weak ion Can give energy that can approach 0 and in general by a few tens eV lower. Braking of the ions can be done on the Target, by its polarization, or at any Place the line by polarizing the line.
One important aspect of this embodiment of the Device according to the invention is that the ions do not come into contact with the surface, but on the contrary attract surface electrons or excite and then return in the opposite direction.
The Interaction of the ions with the etching surface can be done in two ways, in particular, depending on the nature and arrangement of the first molecules, the Value of the brake voltage and the number of charges of the ions. According to one first interaction form, which is preferred, extract the ions Electrons from the multiplicity of the first molecules become hollow electrons and are backscattered. According to one second interaction form, the ions cause an excitation or extracting the electrons, which directly drives out of Fragments of the multiplicity of the first molecules causes (sputtering).
The Extracting electrons from a semiconductor or insulator Highly charged ions with low energy is mentioned in the article of Jean-Pierre BRIAND explains at the Fourteenth International Conference of Accelerator Applications in research and industry, DENTON-TEXAS, 6 to 9 November 1996, presented has been. Schematically, a heavily charged ion begins with lower Energy with the semiconductor environment or isolator environment an interaction, which some tens of Å (1 Å = 0.1 nm) in a relatively large Distance from the surface can reach. The ion therefore draws conduction or valence electrons and starts they one, the Rydberg states of the ion. The ion therefore becomes a hollow atom, this means an atom that has internal layers that are at least partially empty are, and external layers, occupied by excited electrons are. The number of electrons trapped by the ion is many higher than his charge, because a part of these electrons is then from the ion expelled by Auger effect. The number of the Semiconductors broken down by an ion are generally electrons about three times his charge.
In nearby the surface The ion generates an electrical image (with negative charge), the exerts an attraction on the ion and therefore tends to his movement to the surface to accelerate. The extraction of electrons generated by the ion however, on semiconductors or insulators positive holes the surface, which compensate for this electrical picture. That starting from the ion formed hollow atom can therefore be scattered back without contact over the surface, by "trampoline effect" (back-scattered). Whether a touch and a penetration in the interior of the semiconductor material is or not depends on the original one kinematic conditions of the ion: above a critical velocity reaches that to the surface Ion directed the semiconductor material and penetrates into this despite the formation of positive holes one. The trampoline effect, however, arises under this critical Speed. The critical speed has a value that from the extraction potential of the semiconductor material and from the original Charge of the positive ion depends.
The Controlling the mean velocity of the ions by means of the braking tension allows to create the trampoline effect and control the ions To give charge and controlled energy.
To In a certain way the hollow atoms often become spontaneously through Auger cascades to hollow ions. To simplify, we systematically speak of hollow atoms, to designate the hollow atoms that remained atoms are or have become ions again.
The Transformation of the first molecules into the second molecules can take various forms, especially depending on the nature and the arrangement of the first molecules, the value of the brake voltage and the number of charges of the ions.
at In a first embodiment, the first molecules have a first chemical nature, and the second molecules have a second chemical nature. The extraction of electrons the first molecules leads to Expelling certain atoms of these first molecules, which one with other atoms or molecules replaced or not by sending a corresponding product or not.
According to a preferred embodiment of the etching device according to the invention, which corresponds to this first transformation form, causes the change in the chemical nature of a change in the electrical's constitution. In a first embodiment of this preferred embodiment the first molecules are semiconducting and the second molecules are insulating and consist of SiH and SiO 2 , for example. In a second embodiment of this preferred embodiment, the first and second molecules are each insulating and semiconducting, and are each made of SiO 2 and Si, for example.
at In a second embodiment, the first molecules have one have first topographical nature and the second molecules a second topographical nature. Preferably, the form first molecules therefore a flat surface, and the interaction of the ions produces the formation of peaks and holes.
advantageously, have according to one special design the first execution mode with Change of electrical properties of the first molecules external Compounds saturated by hydrogen atoms. The means for Applying the brake voltage allow the ions of the beam, electrons to extract from the multiplicity of the first molecules of the surface and therefore the multiplicity of the first molecules lose their hydrogen atoms and to hang the corresponding external connections do. The ions become hollow atoms after they become electrons have been extracted and are backscattered. Furthermore, the etching device comprises a source of a product containing the external hanging Compounds saturates, so the second molecules are formed, these second molecules are insulating, wherein the Source sends the product after a passage to the etching surface of the ion beam.
The from the surface The electrons extracted from the semiconductor are essentially electrons involved in the external connections of the first molecules. By your Absence of saturation the hydrogen atoms the outer compounds, which are reduced to protons that are no longer associated with the surface are. The outside connections become therefore hanging.
In this embodiment of the etching apparatus according to the invention and unlike the method which consists in forming blisters by means of ion collisions, it is not the topography of the surface that is modified but their conductivity. The second molecules are insulating, while the first molecules are semiconducting. It is therefore possible to produce insulating marks on the order of nanometers, which allows to achieve an increase in data storage on the order of 100 2 or more compared to the existing techniques. Furthermore, it is easy and fast to locally check the conductivity of the surface after etching by means of a scanning tunneling microscope.
at a first advantageous form of the preferred embodiment this first execution mode The detection system includes a measuring device for photons at passages of electrons extracted from an electronic layer be sent to another of the hollow atoms.
This Device measures advantageously emitted X-rays. The electrons trapped in the hollow atoms and not expelled namely sink to the deeper layers, sending X-rays cause the filling the inner layers creates temporal markings that are around some Tenth femtosecond are spaced. These appearances are in the article by Jean-Pierre BRIAND, cited above, and in an article by Jean-Pierre BRIAND and Koll., published in Images de Ia Physique, 1992, pages 58-62.
The from the meter measured photons can also from ultraviolet rays, visible light or infrared light consist.
at a second advantageous form of the preferred embodiment of first execution mode The detection system captures electrons by Auger effect be sent from the hollow atoms.
at A preferred form of the first embodiment mode includes the detection system a detection area, detects the properties of particles that hit the detection surface, and the backscattered Ions or hollow atoms are directed by the guide means to the detection surface.
at this form of detection, based on the detection of the hollow ions or Atoms is based on a flight duration, for example of the order of magnitude the microsecond, between the interaction of an ion with the etching surface and detecting a signal of this corresponding hollow ion or atom generated.
The detected features are preferably in position, the speed and the charge of the hollow backscattered Atoms.
This Capture mode is particularly advantageous because it becomes systematic generates a signal at each interaction, the backscattered hollow ion or atom has a well-defined path and easy to capture is.
The following embodiments can be applied to an etching surface of the type of those of the previous method, for example, with However, a compound of the semiconductor and hydrogen, but can also be applied to other types of surfaces, especially those formed from lamellar compounds.
at a second execution mode the etching device according to the invention For example, the detection system detects ionized fragments of molecules of the etching surface which be expelled under the effect of interactions. It can For example, they are silicon atoms that are distant from the target or by touch solved were.
If one combines the first and second execution modes the detection system ionizes fragments of the plurality of first molecules. These Fragments are advantageously for the preferred embodiment from nuclei of the hydrogen atoms, by the majority of the first molecules to be lost.
These sent and possibly when releasing the Hydrogen from the surface newly accelerated protons can Sign a crash in time.
at a third execution mode the etching device The detection system detects a shower of electrons under the effect of the interactions are sent.
at a fourth execution mode the etching device For example, the detection system includes a measuring device for photons derived from atoms the etching surface sent become.
at a fifth execution mode the etching device the detection system detects an electric charge that is in the Semiconductor is generated by the interactions.
The Capture system can simultaneously implement multiple capture techniques, to supplement To obtain information or to support the information.
The invention also has as its object an ion etching method which makes it possible to etch an etching surface of a semiconductor or insulator. In this procedure:
- generates positive ions,
One sends a jet of these ions to guiding means,
- directing the ion beam with the guide means to the etching surface,
- Performs relative movements of the etching surface to the ion beam.
According to the invention, the following operations are repeatedly performed to etch the etching surface.
Performing a spatiotemporal detection of interactions of ions of the beam with the etching surface,
Interrupting the ion beam,
Causing a relative movement of the etching surface to the position of the beam and
- Restore the ion beam.
The Invention is achieved by means of implementation modes and embodiments the invention better illustrated and understood, the below With reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
1A shows a semiconductor wafer which is intended to obtain the etching process according to the invention.
1B the slide of the 1A after pretreatment shows.
1C the slide of the 1A and 1B after etching shows.
2 FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the various steps of a pre-treatment that allows the platelet to be used 1A on the the 1B and a conversion mode of the etching process according to the invention, which allows, from the plate of the 1B to that of 1C proceed.
3 represents an embodiment of an etching device according to the invention, which allows the in 2 apply schematically illustrated method.
4 the interaction of a positively charged ion with the surface of the platelet 1B in the application of the method of 2 with the device of 3 represents.
A semiconductor chip 1 , this in 1A is visible, according to a surface 2 cut. The tile 1 For example, it is made of silicon, a good example that we will keep for further explanation. The semiconductor, the platelet 1 may consist of pure silicon or of P- or N-seeded silicon at various concentrations, the seed concentration advantageously being between 10 15 and 10 18 per cm 3 of implanted atoms.
The surface 2 has due to exposure to air of the platelet 1 an oxidized state. Since the semiconductor is silicon, SiO 2 molecules have therefore formed on the surface, over five to six atomic layers. Under "Surface" is actually a superficial part of the plate 1 which has a very low strength e1 and is occupied by SiO 2 molecules. The strength e1 is about 20 Å.
You turn to the tile 1 under this original form 1A a pretreatment that allows the surface 2 to stain and cover them with a hydrogen monolayer. This pretreatment involves two steps 11 and 12 , in the 2 appear. According to the first step 11 pretreatment, the platelet is dipped in a first hydrofluoric acid bath, then, in the second step 12 After pretreatment, immerse it in a second hydrofluoric acid bath containing ammonium ions. This produces a pickling of the surface 2 , which on the surface with the molecules of the semiconductor of the plate 1 eliminated combined oxygen. One creates therefore external hanging connections, which one saturates as soon as with hydrogen.
The pretreatment leads to a pretreated state 1B of the slide 1 ( 1B and 2 ), in which the surface 2 is extremely well passivated and even and is occupied by SiH molecules over a strength e2. The hydrogen atoms therefore occupy a single atomic layer above the platelet 1 , You subject the plate 1 then a unit of operations that selectively removes part of the SiH molecules of the surface 2 By SiO 2 molecules to replace, with an excellent definition and extreme cleanliness of the surface 2 to be kept. One therefore produces an etching of the plate 1 how to do it in 1C able to see. Because the specific zones of the surface 2 are covered by insulating SiO 2 tips or markers, these therefore form a network consisting of insulating parts 5 exists, with the complementary zones of the surface 2 continue to be occupied by SiH molecules.
In order to apply these operations one resorts to an etching device which in 3 is shown. This device comprises an ion source 20 which generates positive, highly charged ions of low energy. The ion source 20 may use preparation of ions inside a very hot plasma that is trapped in magnetic structures, such as an ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) source. It may also have the function of compressing electron beams in a cylindrical coil, whereby the atoms injected into the electron beam are simultaneously ionized and trapped by the space charge. The ion source 20 can therefore be of the EBIS (Electron Beam Ion Source) type.
The from the ion source 20 For example, transmitted ions can be argon, charged Ar 17+ or Ar 18+ , oxygen, or uranium. The number of positive charges can be up to several units 92 vary for uranium.
The ion source 20 therefore generates a beam 41 the ions according to a first direction 51 , This ray 41 is directed to the selection means of a selected type of ion, for example Ar 17+ . The selection means advantageously consist of first means 21 for applying a magnetic field 33 which two coils 31 and 32 opposite one another or permanent magnets. The magnetic field 33 is advantageously uniform. It can also be non-uniform, so it is focused. The magnetic field 33 is advantageously perpendicular to the direction 51 of the incident beam 41 , The selection means therefore generate a beam 42 the selected ions in one direction 52 ,
at an embodiment variant the selection means are means for applying an electric field.
The etching apparatus preferably includes a system for directly controlling the position of the bundle 42 , With 22 referenced. This direct control system 22 For example, it includes a system for cooling with electrons or photons, or another system for using synchrotron motion. It causes the lowering of the transverse energy of the ions in the beam 42 ,
The beam 42 is directed to the guide means that the beam 42 to the etching surface 2 to steer. These guide means advantageously consist of second means 23 for applying a uniform magnetic field 36 that two coils 34 and 35 opposite one another or permanent magnets. Because the magnetic field 36 advantageously to the direction 52 the propagation of the beam 42 is vertical, it therefore directs the beam 42 in one direction 53 to the surface 2 , advantageously with rectangular incidence.
at an embodiment variant pass the guide means from means for applying an electrical, static or pulsed Field.
The etching apparatus further comprises means for interrupting the beam 42 that advantageously a diaphragm 24 for the beam with electronic control. This aperture 24 is destined to the beam 42 to interrupt when etching on the surface 2 is detected.
In one embodiment, the aperture 24 by means for applying an electric field perpendicular to the direction 53 of the beam 42 replaced, wherein the application and the omission of this electric field respectively the role of closing and opening the aperture 24 play.
The etching apparatus also advantageously includes a system for spatially locating the beam 42 that, for example, consists of one or more collimators 25 . 26 consists. For high-precision etching, the collimators are nanometric.
The semiconductor 1B who serves as target is on a pusher 27 mounted, the movements according to two directions 37 and 38 to each other at right angles and perpendicular to the direction 53 of the beam 42 allowed.
The shifter 27 For example, it includes two piezoelectric crystals or two ceramics.
An electric field for braking the ions of the beam 42 is applied near the target by polarizing the target. This electric field slows down the ions of the beam 42 sufficiently, so that these electrons from the surface 2 Extract without contact with this surface and be scattered back in the form of hollow atoms (or hollow ions). Because of the ion source 20 For example, if transmitted ions have an energy on the order of several keV / q, for example between 5 and 20 keV / q, where q denotes the number of positive charges of each of these ions, this electric field gives the ions controlled energy between 0 and a few eV / q. The application of the electric field can be carried out by means of a planar capacitor with potentiometer. The control of the braking tension makes it possible to remove the approach of each ion to the surface 2 and therefore to control the size of the elementary interaction zone that is pickled by this ion.
at an embodiment variant Braking is not on the target but at any one Place the line of the beam by polarizing the line.
The from the surface 2 backscattered hollow atoms form a ray 43 that in one direction 54 parallel to the direction 53 and in the opposite direction to the beam 42 declining. The beam 43 Hollow atoms therefore pass through the collimators 25 and 26 , the aperture 24 and the means of mooring 23 of the magnetic field 36 in the example shown. This magnetic field 36 directs the beam 43 in one direction 55 to a detection area 28 from.
The detection area 28 gives the position and, advantageously, the velocity as well as the charge of the hollow atoms of the incident beam 43 , This detection surface 28 may be, for example, a Chaneltron network.
The etching device advantageously comprises a device 49 for measuring photons, in particular X-rays, which are at the passages of electrons from one electron layer to another of the hollow atoms of the beam 53 be sent.
The Rays 41 . 42 and 43 and the surface 2 of the slide 1 are protected from the ambient air by an enclosure for vacuum production.
The etching apparatus also includes a processing unit 29 attached to the aperture 24 , to the shifter 27 , to the detection surface 28 and to the meter 49 connected. This processing unit 29 receives signals from the detection surface 28 and the meter 49 and is capable of opening and closing the aperture 24 as well as movements of the shifter 27 to control.
The etching device is advantageously by a tunneling scanning microscope and / or by a repulsive force microscope added, which local controls of topographic conductivity and / or electrical conductivity the treated area carry out.
During operation, during the etching step 18 ( 2 ), one after another performs the following operations. You create a beam 41 positive, highly charged low energy electrons by the ion source 20 , one chooses an ionic species of this ray 41 by means of mooring 21 of the magnetic field 33 from, you lead the beam achieved 42 to the area 2 by means of mooring 23 of the magnetic field 36, by having a direct position control by the system 22 and a spatial location through the collimator 25 and 26 performs, and you brake the beam 42 ,
When the ions of the beam 42 close enough to the surface 2 are, they begin to interact with this. The ions can be electrons of the plate 1 catch as soon as they come into a fishing zone that extends to a distance d above the surface 2 extends. Once an ion 40 therefore enters the fishing zone, it enters with a part 46 this surface 2 in interaction defining approximately a disk of diameter D, the contours at a distance d from the ion 40 has, as in 4 shown. The diameter D of the interaction part 46 is therefore not greater than 2d , The ion 40 pulls superficial electrons of the part 46 throughout its approach to the capture zone and extract it. One controls this approach by taking the kinetic energy of the ion 40 thanks to the electric brake field adapts. The ion 40 catching electrons, which transform it into a hollow atom. This hollow atom is then scattered back without contact by trampoline effect, and it is directed to the detection surface 28 ,
The ions can also atoms of the etching surface 2 at a distance greater than the distance d, that is, outside the capture zone. They therefore induce changes in the surface.
Extracting electrons from the surface 2 causes the disappearance on this surface 2 the hydrogen atoms which saturate the corresponding external compounds. These outer connections are therefore hanging. Therefore, a product is sent to the pickled zone which saturates the external pendent compounds to form molecules of an insulating compound. A simple procedure is to apply a partial vacuum in the enclosure of vacuum manufacturing, on the order of 10 -9 Pa. The oxygen present in the inclusion therefore immediately saturates the pendant compounds to form an insulating compound.
The etching is based on the sequence and repetition of the four operations 13 - 16 that from the processing unit 29 to be controlled.
In a first operation, one detects the impact of hollow atoms coming from the surface 2 be scattered back, after a flight time on the detection area 28 , The processing unit 29 receives an impact signal corresponding to this detection. In a second operation 14 interrupts therefore the impact of the beam 42 towards the goal by closing the iris 24 controls. In a third operation 15 then one dissolves the controlled movement of the shifter 27 over a distance that is advantageously on the order of nanometers. At a fourth surgery 16 you control the opening of the aperture 24 so that the beam 42 again on the surface 2 can get.
By repeating the operations 13 to 16 , one creates in the zones that the predetermined insulating parts 5 correspond, an etching. One achieves therefore the state 1C of the slide 1 through a sequence of local pickling at specific locations.
Advantageously, the meter sends 49 the processing unit 29 additional information about extracting electrons from the surface 2 ,
Preferably, it leads to a later step 17 a local control of the electrical and / or topographic conductivity of the fa ce 2 using a scanning tunneling microscope and repulsive force microscope.
In one implementation variant, several layers of insulating compound are formed in the insulating parts 5 wherein the number of layers is preferably less than 5. Controlling, for example, the pressure or the partial injection of the saturating product.
In an advantageous conversion mode, the surface is then coated 2 with any coating, for example with a conductive coating.
In other embodiments, the capture surface becomes 28 replaced by or connected to a detection system that detects the electrons emitted by the Auger effect from the hollow atoms, pickled hydrogen nuclei or semiconductor atoms of the target from the surface 2 are emitted, a transmitted electron shower, photons sent from atoms of the etching surface or an electric charge appearing on the target.
Certain of these modes of execution may apply not only to interactions without contact between the ion beam and the target, but also to the implantation of final or transient ions in the semiconductor 1 be used. In this latter case, the braking of the ions is not required, and they can with more energy on the surface 2 incident.
Several these execution modes can not applied only to a semiconductor, but also to an insulator become.
Ion etching device that allows an etching surface ( 2 ) of a semiconductor ( 1 ) or insulator, the device comprising: - a source ( 20 ) positive ions, 23 ) of a jet ( 42 ) of ions ( 40 ), which is the beam ( 42 ) to the etching surface ( 2 ), and - means for relative movement ( 27 ) of the etching surface ( 2 ) with respect to the ion beam ( 42 ), characterized in that the device comprises: - a spatio-temporal detection system ( 28 . 49 ) for interactions of the ions ( 40 ) of the beam ( 42 ) with the etching surface ( 2 ), - means for interrupting ( 24 ) of the ion beam ( 42 ) and - a processing unit ( 29 ), with the means for moving ( 27 ), the detection system ( 28 ) and the means for interrupting ( 24 ) of the beam and the successive operations of detecting interactions of ions ( 40 ) of the beam ( 42 ) with the etching surface ( 2 ), the under refraction of the beam ( 42 ), the relative movement of the etching surface ( 2 ) to the position of the beam ( 42 ) and restoring the beam ( 42 ) controls.
Etching device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a system for spatial localization ( 25 . 26 ) of the ion beam ( 42 ) located between the ion source ( 20 ) and the etching surface ( 2 ) is inserted.
Etching device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the means for interrupting ( 24 ) of the jet means for applying a substantially to the etching surface ( 2 ) comprise a parallel electric field.
Etching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide means ( 23 ) Means for applying a uniform magnetic field ( 36 ) comprising the ion beam ( 42 ) by 90 °.
Etching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for moving ( 27 ) comprise at least one element selected from a piezoelectric quartz and a ceramic which comprises the semiconductor ( 1 ) with respect to the ion beam ( 42 ), which is on the etching surface ( 2 ), move.
Etching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a scanning tunneling microscope, which has a local control of the electrical conductivity of the treated etching surface ( 2 ).
Etching device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a repulsive force microscope, which is a local topographic control of the treated etching surface ( 2 ).
Etching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface ( 2 ) is occupied by first molecules of the semiconductor or insulator, which have a first chemical or topographical nature that the ion source ( 20 ) is a source of highly charged, low energy positive ions and that the etching device comprises means for applying a braking voltage to the ions ( 40 ) of the beam ( 42 ) gives a controlled average velocity which allows the ions ( 40 ), without using the etching surface ( 2 ), a large number of the first molecules of the surface ( 2 ) into second molecules that have a second chemical or topographical nature, the ions being backscattered.
An etching apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the first molecules have external compounds, wherein the compounds are saturated by hydrogen atoms, the means for applying the braking voltage of the ions ( 40 ) of the beam ( 42 ) allow electrons from the plurality of first molecules of the surface ( 2 ) and therefore to let the surface of the first molecules lose their hydrogen atoms and to make the corresponding external compounds pendent, the ions ( 40 ) are hollow atoms after they have extracted electrons and scattered back, and wherein the etching device comprises a source of a product that saturates the suspended external compounds to form the second molecules, the second molecules being insulating, the source the product after passing through the ion beam ( 42 ) to the etching surface ( 2 ) sends.
Etching device according to claim 9, characterized in that the detection system is a measuring device ( 49 ) for photons that are transmitted at passages of the electrons extracted from one electronic layer to another electronic layer of the hollow atoms.
etching according to one of the claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the detection system electrons captured by the Auger effect sent from the hollow atoms become.
Etching device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the detection system comprises a detection surface ( 28 ), which detects properties of particles that impinge on the detection surface, and that the backscattered ions or atoms from the guide means ( 23 ) of the detection area ( 28 ) are steered.
etching according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that the detection system detects ionized fragments of molecules of the etching surface, which are expelled under the effect of the interactions.
etching according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that the detection system detects a shower of electrons, which is sent under the influence of the interactions.
Etching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection system comprises a measuring device for photons, which is separated from the atoms of the etching surface ( 2 ).
Etching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection system detects an electrical cal charge, the in the semiconductor ( 1 ) is generated by the interactions.
Ion etching process that allows an etching surface ( 2 ) of a semiconductor ( 1 ) or insulator, in which: - one generates positive ions, - one ion beam ( 41 ) to management resources ( 23 ), - the ion beam ( 42 ) with the guiding means ( 23 ) to the etching surface ( 2 ), - relative movements of the etching surface ( 2 ) to the ion beam ( 42 ), characterized in that for etching the etching surface ( 2 ) repeatedly performs the following operations: - performing a spatiotemporal detection of interactions of ions ( 40 ) of the beam ( 42 ) with the etching surface ( 2 ), - interruption of the ion beam ( 42 ), Causing a relative movement of the etching surface ( 2 ) with respect to the position of the beam ( 42 ) and - restoring the ion beam ( 42 ).
DE69829487T 1997-05-28 1998-05-25 Ion apparatus device and method Expired - Lifetime DE69829487T2 (en)
DE69829487D1 DE69829487D1 (en) 2005-04-28
DE69829487T2 true DE69829487T2 (en) 2006-02-09
DE69829487T Expired - Lifetime DE69829487T2 (en) 1997-05-28 1998-05-25 Ion apparatus device and method
FR2764110B1 (en) 1999-08-20
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