Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US6565803?dq=Xerox+%2B+%22centroid
Timestamp: 2015-03-03 20:35:55
Document Index: 599686022

Matched Legal Cases: ['art.10', 'art.16', 'art.20', 'art.23', 'art.27', 'art.32', 'art.52', 'art.60', 'art.61', 'art.101']

Patent US6565803 - Antiprotozoa agent; drinking water - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts and similar organisms comprising irradiating water with ultraviolet light in doses of from about 1 mJ/cm2 to about 175 mJ/cm2....http://www.google.com/patents/US6565803?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6565803 - Antiprotozoa agent; drinking waterAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6565803 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/300,325Publication dateMay 20, 2003Filing dateApr 27, 1999Priority dateMay 13, 1998Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2372427A1, CN1173891C, CN1359354A, EP1181249A1, WO2001002302A1Publication number09300325, 300325, US 6565803 B1, US 6565803B1, US-B1-6565803, US6565803 B1, US6565803B1InventorsJames R. Bolton, R. D. Samuel Stevens, Bertrand DussertOriginal AssigneeCalgon Carbon CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (100), Non-Patent Citations (105), Referenced by (39), Classifications (10), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAntiprotozoa agent; drinking water
US 6565803 B1Abstract
A method for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts and similar organisms comprising irradiating water with ultraviolet light in doses of from about 1 mJ/cm2 to about 175 mJ/cm2.
The present application is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 09/078,116, filed May 13, 1998, entitled METHOD FOR PREVENTING REPLICATION IN CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM USING ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,129,893.
The present invention relates to a method for inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum in water and in particular to a method for the prevention of Cryptosporidium parvum and other protozoans, such as Giardia muris, from establishing infection in human hosts, as measured by the ability to infect neo-natal mice, using low doses of ultraviolet light.
It has been generally well recognized that it is necessary to kill or inactivate protozoan oocysts so that they cannot infect susceptible hosts. This is especially important in drinking water. One such method is the use of ultraviolet (�UV�) light. The prior art teaches that a UV dose of at least 3000 mJ/cm2 is required to inactivate Cryptosporidium parvum (Lorenzo-Lorenzo et al., J. Parasitol. 1993, 79, 67-70) and Giardia muris (E. L. Jarol, �Effect of Disinfectants on Giardia Cysts�, CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 1988, 18, 1-28). Snowball and coworkers (UK Patent Application #9416287.2, Nov. 8, 1984; Wat. Res., 1995, 29, 2583-2586) developed an apparatus that first filtered out Cryptosporidium oocysts and then exposed them to UV doses of 700-800 mJ/cm2. The patent teaches the use of 2 μm screen filters to trap Cryptosporidium oocysts which are then irradiated with a bank of low-pressure Hg lamps for a UV dose of 350-400 mJ/cm2. The filter is then backwashed onto a second filter and the irradiation is repeated for a total dose of 700-800 mJ/cm2. The patent discloses that the treatment �kills� the organisms.
Generally it has been discovered that it is not necessary to �kill� pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia muris with ultraviolet light in order to prevent infection; one need only apply enough ultraviolet light to prevent the organism from �replicating�. The method of the present invention prevents replication (cell mitosis) by inactivating the DNA to prevent infection. The UV doses required to prevent replication are orders of magnitude lower than required to �kill� the oocysts. This means that the cost of UV treatment to prevent infection by Cryptosporidium oocysts will be markedly lower.
FIG. 1 is a chart that shows the correlation between bench-scale and demonstration-scale tests and the difference between �in vitro� and �in vivo� methods.
Experiments were conducted on two different sets of apparatus: a bench-scale collimated beam setup and a demonstration-scale UV reactor.
response log it=−7.536+3.867 log10 Dose=ln[P/(1−P)]
where P is the proportion of mice infected. The response log it is very similar to that described by Finch et al. [Finch, G. R., Daniels, C. W., Black, E. K., Schaefer III, F. W. and Belosovic, M. 1993. �Dose Response of Cryptosporidium parvum in Outbred Neonatal CD-1 Mice�. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 59(11):3661-3665.] and is used to determine the number of infectious oocysts in a given oocyst inoculum.
Response log it=ln[0.04/0.96]=−3.178
−3.178=−7.536+3.867 log10 Dose
log10 (no. of infectious oocysts)=(7.536−3.178)/3.867=1.127
No. of infectious oocysts=13
log viability (for infection)=log10[13/100,000]=−3.9
These infectivity data in Table 1b indicate that the in vitro assays greatly underestimate oocyst inactivation when compared to in vivo mouse infectivity.
<−5.9
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