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Matched Legal Cases: ['ART 1', 'art 1', 'ART 2', 'ART 3', 'ART 4', 'ART 5', 'ART 6', 'ART 7', 'ART 8', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 5', 'art 6', 'art 7', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 7', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 5', 'art 6', 'ART 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1']

1 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 CHAPTER 15 Explanatory Notes have been produced to assist in the understanding of this Act and are available separately 32 00
2 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 CHAPTER 15 CONTENTS PART 1 TRIBUNALS AND INQUIRIES CHAPTER 1 TRIBUNAL JUDICIARY: INDEPENDENCE AND SENIOR PRESIDENT 1 Independence of tribunal judiciary 2 Senior President of Tribunals CHAPTER 2 FIRST-TIER TRIBUNAL AND UPPER TRIBUNAL Establishment 3 The First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal Members and composition of tribunals 4 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal 5 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal 6 Certain judges who are also judges of First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 7 Chambers: jurisdiction and Presidents 8 Senior President of Tribunals: power to delegate Review of decisions and appeals 9 Review of decision of First-tier Tribunal
3 ii Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) 10 Review of decision of Upper Tribunal 11 Right to appeal to Upper Tribunal 12 Proceedings on appeal to Upper Tribunal 13 Right to appeal to Court of Appeal etc. 14 Proceedings on appeal to Court of Appeal etc. "Judicial review" 15 Upper Tribunal s judicial review jurisdiction 16 Application for relief under section 15(1) 17 Quashing orders under section 15(1): supplementary provision 18 Limits of jurisdiction under section 15(1) 19 Transfer of judicial review applications from High Court 20 Transfer of judicial review applications from the Court of Session 21 Upper Tribunal s judicial review jurisdiction: Scotland Miscellaneous 22 Tribunal Procedure Rules 23 Practice directions 24 Mediation 25 Supplementary powers of Upper Tribunal 26 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal: sitting places 27 Enforcement 28 Assessors 29 Costs or expenses CHAPTER 3 TRANSFER OF TRIBUNAL FUNCTIONS 30 Transfer of functions of certain tribunals 31 Transfers under section 30: supplementary powers 32 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Wales 33 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Scotland 34 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Northern Ireland 35 Transfer of Ministerial responsibilities for certain tribunals 36 Transfer of powers to make procedural rules for certain tribunals 37 Power to amend lists of tribunals in Schedule 6 38 Orders under sections 30 to 36: supplementary CHAPTER 4 ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN RESPECT OF CERTAIN TRIBUNALS 39 The general duty 40 Tribunal staff and services 41 Provision of accommodation 42 Fees 43 Report by Senior President of Tribunals
4 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) iii CHAPTER 5 OVERSIGHT OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE SYSTEM, TRIBUNALS AND INQUIRIES 44 The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council 45 Abolition of the Council on Tribunals CHAPTER 6 SUPPLEMENTARY 46 Delegation of functions by Lord Chief Justice etc. 47 Co-operation in relation to judicial training, guidance and welfare 48 Consequential and other amendments, and transitional provisions 49 Orders and regulations under Part 1: supplemental and procedural provisions PART 2 JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS 50 Judicial appointments: judicial-appointment eligibility condition 51 Relevant qualification in section 50: further provision 52 Meaning of gain experience in law in section Transfer from salaried to fee-paid judicial office 54 Continuation of judicial office after normal retirement date 55 Appointment of deputy Circuit judges 56 Appointment of deputy district judges, etc. 57 Deputy, and temporary additional, Masters etc. 58 Appointment of temporary assistants to Judge Advocate General 59 Members and chairmen of certain Appeals Commissions 60 Appointment as Chairman of Law Commission 61 Orders permitting disclosures to Judicial Appointments Commission PART 3 ENFORCEMENT BY TAKING CONTROL OF GOODS CHAPTER 1 PROCEDURE 62 Enforcement by taking control of goods 63 Enforcement agents 64 Certificates to act as an enforcement agent 65 Common law rules replaced 66 Pre-commencement enforcement not affected 67 Transfer of county court enforcement 68 Magistrates courts warrants of control 69 County court warrants of control etc. 70 Power of High Court to stay execution
5 iv Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) CHAPTER 2 RENT ARREARS RECOVERY Abolition of common law right 71 Abolition of common law right Commercial rent arrears recovery 72 Commercial rent arrears recovery (CRAR) 73 Landlord 74 Lease 75 Commercial premises 76 Rent 77 The rent recoverable 78 Intervention of the court 79 Use of CRAR after end of lease 80 Agricultural holdings Right to rent from sub-tenant 81 Right to rent from sub-tenant 82 Off-setting payments under a notice 83 Withdrawal and replacement of notices 84 Recovery of sums due and overpayments Supplementary 85 Contracts for similar rights to be void 86 Amendments 87 Interpretation of Chapter CHAPTER 3 88 Abolition of Crown preference 89 Application to the Crown 90 Regulations GENERAL PART 4 ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS AND ORDERS Attachment of earnings orders 91 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates 92 Attachment of earnings orders: finding the debtor s current employer Charging orders 93 Payment by instalments: making and enforcing charging orders 94 Charging orders: power to set financial thresholds
6 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) v Information requests and orders 95 Application for information about action to recover judgment debt 96 Action by the court 97 Departmental information requests 98 Information orders 99 Responding to a departmental information request 100 Information order: required information not held etc. 101 Using the information about the debtor 102 Offence of unauthorised use or disclosure 103 Regulations 104 Interpretation 105 Application and transitional provision PART 5 DEBT MANAGEMENT AND RELIEF CHAPTER Administration orders ADMINISTRATION ORDERS CHAPTER Enforcement restriction orders ENFORCEMENT RESTRICTION ORDERS CHAPTER 3 DEBT RELIEF ORDERS 108 Debt relief orders and debt relief restrictions orders etc. CHAPTER 4 DEBT MANAGEMENT SCHEMES Introductory 109 Debt management schemes 110 Debt repayment plans Approval of schemes 111 Approval by supervising authority 112 Applications for approval 113 Terms of approval Effect of plans etc. 114 Discharge from specified debts 115 Presentation of bankruptcy petition
7 vi Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) 116 Remedies other than bankruptcy 117 Charging of interest etc. 118 Stopping supplies of gas or electricity 119 Existing county court proceedings to be stayed 120 Registration of plans 121 Other debt management arrangements in force 122 Right of appeal 123 Dealing with appeals Appeals Approved schemes: charging 124 Charges by operator of approved scheme Termination of approval 125 Procedure for termination 126 Terminating an approval 127 Alternatives to termination Effects of end of approval 128 Effects of end of approval The supervising authority 129 The supervising authority 130 Regulations 131 Main definitions 132 Expressions relating to debts 133 Periods of protection Various PART 6 PROTECTION OF CULTURAL OBJECTS ON LOAN 134 Protected objects 135 Effect of protection 136 Relevant museums and galleries 137 Interpretation 138 Crown application PART 7 MISCELLANEOUS Compulsory purchase 139 Enforcement by enforcement officers
8 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) vii 140 Supplementary Judicial review 141 Judicial review: power to substitute decision Employment tribunals: ACAS 142 Recovery of sums payable under compromises involving ACAS Design rights: appeals 143 Appeals in relation to design rights PART 8 GENERAL 144 Protected functions of the Lord Chancellor 145 Power to make supplementary or other provision 146 Repeals 147 Extent 148 Commencement 149 Short title Schedule 1 Senior President of Tribunals Part 1 Recommendations for appointment Part 2 Selection by the Judicial Appointments Commission Part 3 Terms of office Part 4 Certain functions of the Senior President Schedule 2 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal Schedule 3 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal Schedule 4 Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision Part 1 Chamber Presidents: appointment, delegation, deputies and further provision Part 2 Judges and other members of chambers: assignment and jurisdiction Schedule 5 Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal Part 1 Tribunal Procedure Rules Part 2 Tribunal Procedure Committee Part 3 Making of Tribunal Procedure Rules by Tribunal Procedure Committee Part 4 Power to amend legislation in connection with Tribunal Procedure Rules Schedule 6 Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36 Part 1 Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30, 35 and 36 Part 2 Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 and 35 Part 3 Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 and 36 Part 4 Tribunals for the purposes of section 30 Part 5 Tribunals for the purposes of sections 35 and 36 Part 6 Tribunals for the purposes of section 35
9 viii Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 7 Tribunals for the purposes of section 32(3) Schedule 7 Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council Part 1 Members and committees Part 2 Functions Part 3 Council to be consulted on rules for listed tribunals Part 4 Interpretation Schedule 8 Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments Schedule 9 Tribunals: transitional provision Part 1 General and miscellaneous Part 2 Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals: retirement dates Part 3 Judges and other members of First-Tier and Upper Tribunals: pensions where office acquired under section 31(2) Part 4 Amendments to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 Schedule 10 Amendments relating to judicial appointments Part 1 Amendments Part 2 Amendments relating to enactments already repealed Schedule 11 District judges and deputy district judges Schedule 12 Taking control of goods Part 1 Introductory Part 2 The procedure Schedule 13 Taking control of goods: amendments Schedule 14 Rent arrears recovery: amendments Schedule 15 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates Part 1 Main amendments Part 2 Consequential amendments Schedule 16 Administration orders: consequential amendments Schedule 17 Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986 Schedule 18 Schedule 4ZA to the Insolvency Act 1986 Schedule 19 Schedule 4ZB to the Insolvency Act 1986 Schedule 20 Debt relief orders: consequential amendments Part 1 Amendments to the Insolvency Act 1986 Part 2 Amendments to other legislation Schedule 21 Regulations under sections 111 and 113 Schedule 22 Compulsory purchase: consequential amendments Schedule 23 Repeals Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Part 2 Judicial appointments Part 3 Enforcement by taking control of goods Part 4 Rent arrears recovery Part 5 Administration orders Part 6 Appeal Tribunal under section 28 of the Registered Designs Act 1949: abolition
10 ELIZABETH II c. 15 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act CHAPTER 15 An Act to make provision about tribunals and inquiries; to establish an Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council; to amend the law relating to judicial appointments and appointments to the Law Commission; to amend the law relating to the enforcement of judgments and debts; to make further provision about the management and relief of debt; to make provision protecting cultural objects from seizure or forfeiture in certain circumstances; to amend the law relating to the taking of possession of land affected by compulsory purchase; to alter the powers of the High Court in judicial review applications; and for connected purposes. [19th July 2007] B E IT ENACTED by the Queen s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows: PART 1 TRIBUNALS AND INQUIRIES CHAPTER 1 TRIBUNAL JUDICIARY: INDEPENDENCE AND SENIOR PRESIDENT 1 Independence of tribunal judiciary In section 3 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (guarantee of continued judicial independence), after subsection (7) insert (7A) In this section the judiciary also includes every person who
11 2 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 1 Tribunal judiciary: independence and Senior President (7B) (a) (b) holds an office listed in Schedule 14 or holds an office listed in subsection (7B), and but for this subsection would not be a member of the judiciary for the purposes of this section. The offices are those of (a) Senior President of Tribunals; (b) President of Employment Tribunals (Scotland); (c) Vice President of Employment Tribunals (Scotland); (d) member of a panel of chairmen of Employment Tribunals (Scotland); (e) member of a panel of members of employment tribunals that is not a panel of chairmen; (f) adjudicator appointed under section 5 of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Act Senior President of Tribunals (1) Her Majesty may, on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor, appoint a person to the office of Senior President of Tribunals. (2) Schedule 1 makes further provision about the Senior President of Tribunals and about recommendations for appointment under subsection (1). (3) A holder of the office of Senior President of Tribunals must, in carrying out the functions of that office, have regard to (a) the need for tribunals to be accessible, (b) the need for proceedings before tribunals (i) to be fair, and (ii) to be handled quickly and efficiently, (c) the need for members of tribunals to be experts in the subject-matter of, or the law to be applied in, cases in which they decide matters, and (d) the need to develop innovative methods of resolving disputes that are of a type that may be brought before tribunals. (4) In subsection (3) tribunals means (a) the First-tier Tribunal, (b) the Upper Tribunal, (c) employment tribunals, (d) the Employment Appeal Tribunal, and (e) the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal.
12 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 3 CHAPTER 2 FIRST-TIER TRIBUNAL AND UPPER TRIBUNAL Establishment 3 The First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal (1) There is to be a tribunal, known as the First-tier Tribunal, for the purpose of exercising the functions conferred on it under or by virtue of this Act or any other Act. (2) There is to be a tribunal, known as the Upper Tribunal, for the purpose of exercising the functions conferred on it under or by virtue of this Act or any other Act. (3) Each of the First-tier Tribunal, and the Upper Tribunal, is to consist of its judges and other members. (4) The Senior President of Tribunals is to preside over both of the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal. (5) The Upper Tribunal is to be a superior court of record. Members and composition of tribunals 4 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal (1) A person is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal if the person (a) is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 2, (b) is a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal (see section 31(2)), (c) is a judge of the Upper Tribunal, (d) is a member of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal appointed under paragraph 2(1)(a) to (d) of Schedule 4 to the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41) (legally qualified members) and is not a judge of the Upper Tribunal, or (e) is a member of a panel of chairmen of employment tribunals. (2) A person is also a judge of the First-tier Tribunal, but only as regards functions of the tribunal in relation to appeals such as are mentioned in subsection (1) of section 5 of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Act 1995 (c. 53), if the person is an adjudicator appointed under that section by the Scottish Ministers. (3) A person is one of the other members of the First-tier Tribunal if the person (a) is a member of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of appointment under paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 2, (b) is a transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal (see section 31(2)), (c) is one of the other members of the Upper Tribunal, or (d) is a member of a panel of members of employment tribunals that is not a panel of chairmen of employment tribunals. (4) Schedule 2
13 4 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal contains provision for the appointment of persons to be judges or other members of the First-tier Tribunal, and makes further provision in connection with judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal. 5 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal (1) A person is a judge of the Upper Tribunal if the person (a) is the Senior President of Tribunals, (b) is a judge of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of appointment under paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3, (c) is a transferred-in judge of the Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2)), (d) is a member of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal appointed under paragraph 2(1)(a) to (d) of Schedule 4 to the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (c. 41) (legally qualified members) who (i) is the President or a Deputy President of that tribunal, or (ii) has the title Senior Immigration Judge but is neither the President nor a Deputy President of that tribunal, (e) is the Chief Social Security Commissioner, or any other Social Security Commissioner, appointed under section 50(1) of the Social Security Administration (Northern Ireland) Act 1992 (c. 8), (f) is a Social Security Commissioner appointed under section 50(2) of that Act (deputy Commissioners), (g) is within section 6(1), (h) is a deputy judge of the Upper Tribunal (whether under paragraph 7 of Schedule 3 or under section 31(2)), or (i) is a Chamber President or a Deputy Chamber President, whether of a chamber of the Upper Tribunal or of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal, and does not fall within any of paragraphs (a) to (h). (2) A person is one of the other members of the Upper Tribunal if the person (a) is a member of the Upper Tribunal by virtue of appointment under paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 3, (b) is a transferred-in other member of the Upper Tribunal (see section 31(2)), (c) is a member of the Employment Appeal Tribunal appointed under section 22(1)(c) of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (c. 17), or (d) is a member of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal appointed under paragraph 2(1)(e) of Schedule 4 to the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (members other than legally qualified members ). (3) Schedule 3 contains provision for the appointment of persons to be judges (including deputy judges), or other members, of the Upper Tribunal, and makes further provision in connection with judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal. 6 Certain judges who are also judges of First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal (1) A person is within this subsection (and so, by virtue of sections 4(1)(c) and 5(1)(g), is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal and of the Upper Tribunal) if the person
14 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 5 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) is an ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in England and Wales (including the vice-president, if any, of either division of that Court), is a Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland, is a judge of the Court of Session, is a puisne judge of the High Court in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, is a circuit judge, is a sheriff in Scotland, is a county court judge in Northern Ireland, is a district judge in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, or is a District Judge (Magistrates Courts). (2) References in subsection (1)(c) to (i) to office-holders do not include deputies or temporary office-holders. 7 Chambers: jurisdiction and Presidents (1) The Lord Chancellor may, with the concurrence of the Senior President of Tribunals, by order make provision for the organisation of each of the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal into a number of chambers. (2) There is (a) for each chamber of the First-tier Tribunal, and (b) for each chamber of the Upper Tribunal, to be a person, or two persons, to preside over that chamber. (3) A person may not at any particular time preside over more than one chamber of the First-tier Tribunal and may not at any particular time preside over more than one chamber of the Upper Tribunal (but may at the same time preside over one chamber of the First-tier Tribunal and over one chamber of the Upper Tribunal). (4) A person appointed under this section to preside over a chamber is to be known as a Chamber President. (5) Where two persons are appointed under this section to preside over the same chamber, any reference in an enactment to the Chamber President of the chamber is a reference to a person appointed under this section to preside over the chamber. (6) The Senior President of Tribunals may (consistently with subsections (2) and (3)) appoint a person who is the Chamber President of a chamber to preside instead, or to preside also, over another chamber. (7) The Lord Chancellor may (consistently with subsections (2) and (3)) appoint a person who is not a Chamber President to preside over a chamber. (8) Schedule 4 (eligibility for appointment under subsection (7), appointment of Deputy Chamber Presidents and Acting Chamber Presidents, assignment of judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal, and further provision about Chamber Presidents and chambers) has effect. (9) Each of the Lord Chancellor and the Senior President of Tribunals may, with the concurrence of the other, by order (a) make provision for the allocation of the First-tier Tribunal s functions between its chambers;
15 6 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal (b) (c) make provision for the allocation of the Upper Tribunal s functions between its chambers; amend or revoke any order made under this subsection. 8 Senior President of Tribunals: power to delegate (1) The Senior President of Tribunals may delegate any function he has in his capacity as Senior President of Tribunals (a) to any judge, or other member, of the Upper Tribunal or First-tier Tribunal; (b) to staff appointed under section 40(1). (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to functions of the Senior President of Tribunals under section 7(9). (3) A delegation under subsection (1) is not revoked by the delegator s becoming incapacitated. (4) Any delegation under subsection (1) that is in force immediately before a person ceases to be Senior President of Tribunals continues in force until varied or revoked by a subsequent holder of the office of Senior President of Tribunals. (5) The delegation under this section of a function shall not prevent the exercise of the function by the Senior President of Tribunals. Review of decisions and appeals 9 Review of decision of First-tier Tribunal (1) The First-tier Tribunal may review a decision made by it on a matter in a case, other than a decision that is an excluded decision for the purposes of section 11(1) (but see subsection (9)). (2) The First-tier Tribunal s power under subsection (1) in relation to a decision is exercisable (a) of its own initiative, or (b) on application by a person who for the purposes of section 11(2) has a right of appeal in respect of the decision. (3) Tribunal Procedure Rules may (a) provide that the First-tier Tribunal may not under subsection (1) review (whether of its own initiative or on application under subsection (2)(b)) a decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules; (b) provide that the First-tier Tribunal s power under subsection (1) to review a decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules is exercisable only of the tribunal s own initiative; (c) provide that an application under subsection (2)(b) that is of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules may be made only on grounds specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules; (d) provide, in relation to a decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules, that the First-
16 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 7 tier Tribunal s power under subsection (1) to review the decision of its own initiative is exercisable only on grounds specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules. (4) Where the First-tier Tribunal has under subsection (1) reviewed a decision, the First-tier Tribunal may in the light of the review do any of the following (a) correct accidental errors in the decision or in a record of the decision; (b) amend reasons given for the decision; (c) set the decision aside. (5) Where under subsection (4)(c) the First-tier Tribunal sets a decision aside, the First-tier Tribunal must either (a) re-decide the matter concerned, or (b) refer that matter to the Upper Tribunal. (6) Where a matter is referred to the Upper Tribunal under subsection (5)(b), the Upper Tribunal must re-decide the matter. (7) Where the Upper Tribunal is under subsection (6) re-deciding a matter, it may make any decision which the First-tier Tribunal could make if the First-tier Tribunal were re-deciding the matter. (8) Where a tribunal is acting under subsection (5)(a) or (6), it may make such findings of fact as it considers appropriate. (9) This section has effect as if a decision under subsection (4)(c) to set aside an earlier decision were not an excluded decision for the purposes of section 11(1), but the First-tier Tribunal s only power in the light of a review under subsection (1) of a decision under subsection (4)(c) is the power under subsection (4)(a). (10) A decision of the First-tier Tribunal may not be reviewed under subsection (1) more than once, and once the First-tier Tribunal has decided that an earlier decision should not be reviewed under subsection (1) it may not then decide to review that earlier decision under that subsection. (11) Where under this section a decision is set aside and the matter concerned is then re-decided, the decision set aside and the decision made in re-deciding the matter are for the purposes of subsection (10) to be taken to be different decisions. 10 Review of decision of Upper Tribunal (1) The Upper Tribunal may review a decision made by it on a matter in a case, other than a decision that is an excluded decision for the purposes of section 13(1) (but see subsection (7)). (2) The Upper Tribunal s power under subsection (1) in relation to a decision is exercisable (a) of its own initiative, or (b) on application by a person who for the purposes of section 13(2) has a right of appeal in respect of the decision. (3) Tribunal Procedure Rules may (a) provide that the Upper Tribunal may not under subsection (1) review (whether of its own initiative or on application under subsection (2)(b))
17 8 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal (b) (c) (d) a decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules; provide that the Upper Tribunal s power under subsection (1) to review a decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules is exercisable only of the tribunal s own initiative; provide that an application under subsection (2)(b) that is of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules may be made only on grounds specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules; provide, in relation to a decision of a description specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules, that the Upper Tribunal s power under subsection (1) to review the decision of its own initiative is exercisable only on grounds specified for the purposes of this paragraph in Tribunal Procedure Rules. (4) Where the Upper Tribunal has under subsection (1) reviewed a decision, the Upper Tribunal may in the light of the review do any of the following (a) correct accidental errors in the decision or in a record of the decision; (b) amend reasons given for the decision; (c) set the decision aside. (5) Where under subsection (4)(c) the Upper Tribunal sets a decision aside, the Upper Tribunal must re-decide the matter concerned. (6) Where the Upper Tribunal is acting under subsection (5), it may make such findings of fact as it considers appropriate. (7) This section has effect as if a decision under subsection (4)(c) to set aside an earlier decision were not an excluded decision for the purposes of section 13(1), but the Upper Tribunal s only power in the light of a review under subsection (1) of a decision under subsection (4)(c) is the power under subsection (4)(a). (8) A decision of the Upper Tribunal may not be reviewed under subsection (1) more than once, and once the Upper Tribunal has decided that an earlier decision should not be reviewed under subsection (1) it may not then decide to review that earlier decision under that subsection. (9) Where under this section a decision is set aside and the matter concerned is then re-decided, the decision set aside and the decision made in re-deciding the matter are for the purposes of subsection (8) to be taken to be different decisions. 11 Right to appeal to Upper Tribunal (1) For the purposes of subsection (2), the reference to a right of appeal is to a right to appeal to the Upper Tribunal on any point of law arising from a decision made by the First-tier Tribunal other than an excluded decision. (2) Any party to a case has a right of appeal, subject to subsection (8). (3) That right may be exercised only with permission (or, in Northern Ireland, leave). (4) Permission (or leave) may be given by (a) the First-tier Tribunal, or (b) the Upper Tribunal,
18 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 9 on an application by the party. (5) For the purposes of subsection (1), an excluded decision is (a) any decision of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal made in exercise of a right conferred by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme in compliance with section 5(1)(a) of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Act 1995 (c. 53) (appeals against decisions on reviews), (b) any decision of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal under section 28(4) or (6) of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29) (appeals against national security certificate), (c) any decision of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal under section 60(1) or (4) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (c. 36) (appeals against national security certificate), (d) a decision of the First-tier Tribunal under section 9 (i) to review, or not to review, an earlier decision of the tribunal, (ii) to take no action, or not to take any particular action, in the light of a review of an earlier decision of the tribunal, (iii) to set aside an earlier decision of the tribunal, or (iv) to refer, or not to refer, a matter to the Upper Tribunal, (e) a decision of the First-tier Tribunal that is set aside under section 9 (including a decision set aside after proceedings on an appeal under this section have been begun), or (f) any decision of the First-tier Tribunal that is of a description specified in an order made by the Lord Chancellor. (6) A description may be specified under subsection (5)(f) only if (a) in the case of a decision of that description, there is a right to appeal to a court, the Upper Tribunal or any other tribunal from the decision and that right is, or includes, something other than a right (however expressed) to appeal on any point of law arising from the decision, or (b) decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function transferred under section 30 and prior to the transfer of the function under section 30(1) there was no right to appeal from decisions of that description. (7) Where (a) an order under subsection (5)(f) specifies a description of decisions, and (b) decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function transferred under section 30, the order must be framed so as to come into force no later than the time when the transfer under section 30 of the function takes effect (but power to revoke the order continues to be exercisable after that time, and power to amend the order continues to be exercisable after that time for the purpose of narrowing the description for the time being specified). (8) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for a person to be treated as being, or to be treated as not being, a party to a case for the purposes of subsection (2). 12 Proceedings on appeal to Upper Tribunal (1) Subsection (2) applies if the Upper Tribunal, in deciding an appeal under section 11, finds that the making of the decision concerned involved the making of an error on a point of law.
19 10 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal (2) The Upper Tribunal (a) may (but need not) set aside the decision of the First-tier Tribunal, and (b) if it does, must either (i) remit the case to the First-tier Tribunal with directions for its reconsideration, or (ii) re-make the decision. (3) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(i), the Upper Tribunal may also (a) direct that the members of the First-tier Tribunal who are chosen to reconsider the case are not to be the same as those who made the decision that has been set aside; (b) give procedural directions in connection with the reconsideration of the case by the First-tier Tribunal. (4) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(ii), the Upper Tribunal (a) may make any decision which the First-tier Tribunal could make if the First-tier Tribunal were re-making the decision, and (b) may make such findings of fact as it considers appropriate. 13 Right to appeal to Court of Appeal etc. (1) For the purposes of subsection (2), the reference to a right of appeal is to a right to appeal to the relevant appellate court on any point of law arising from a decision made by the Upper Tribunal other than an excluded decision. (2) Any party to a case has a right of appeal, subject to subsection (14). (3) That right may be exercised only with permission (or, in Northern Ireland, leave). (4) Permission (or leave) may be given by (a) the Upper Tribunal, or (b) the relevant appellate court, on an application by the party. (5) An application may be made under subsection (4) to the relevant appellate court only if permission (or leave) has been refused by the Upper Tribunal. (6) The Lord Chancellor may, as respects an application under subsection (4) that falls within subsection (7) and for which the relevant appellate court is the Court of Appeal in England and Wales or the Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland, by order make provision for permission (or leave) not to be granted on the application unless the Upper Tribunal or (as the case may be) the relevant appellate court considers (a) that the proposed appeal would raise some important point of principle or practice, or (b) that there is some other compelling reason for the relevant appellate court to hear the appeal. (7) An application falls within this subsection if the application is for permission (or leave) to appeal from any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an appeal under section 11. (8) For the purposes of subsection (1), an excluded decision is
20 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 11 (a) any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an appeal under section 28(4) or (6) of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29) (appeals against national security certificate), (b) any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an appeal under section 60(1) or (4) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (c. 36) (appeals against national security certificate), (c) any decision of the Upper Tribunal on an application under section 11(4)(b) (application for permission or leave to appeal), (d) a decision of the Upper Tribunal under section 10 (i) to review, or not to review, an earlier decision of the tribunal, (ii) to take no action, or not to take any particular action, in the light of a review of an earlier decision of the tribunal, or (iii) to set aside an earlier decision of the tribunal, (e) a decision of the Upper Tribunal that is set aside under section 10 (including a decision set aside after proceedings on an appeal under this section have been begun), or (f) any decision of the Upper Tribunal that is of a description specified in an order made by the Lord Chancellor. (9) A description may be specified under subsection (8)(f) only if (a) in the case of a decision of that description, there is a right to appeal to a court from the decision and that right is, or includes, something other than a right (however expressed) to appeal on any point of law arising from the decision, or (b) decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function transferred under section 30 and prior to the transfer of the function under section 30(1) there was no right to appeal from decisions of that description. (10) Where (a) an order under subsection (8)(f) specifies a description of decisions, and (b) decisions of that description are made in carrying out a function transferred under section 30, the order must be framed so as to come into force no later than the time when the transfer under section 30 of the function takes effect (but power to revoke the order continues to be exercisable after that time, and power to amend the order continues to be exercisable after that time for the purpose of narrowing the description for the time being specified). (11) Before the Upper Tribunal decides an application made to it under subsection (4), the Upper Tribunal must specify the court that is to be the relevant appellate court as respects the proposed appeal. (12) The court to be specified under subsection (11) in relation to a proposed appeal is whichever of the following courts appears to the Upper Tribunal to be the most appropriate (a) the Court of Appeal in England and Wales; (b) the Court of Session; (c) the Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland. (13) In this section except subsection (11), the relevant appellate court, as respects an appeal, means the court specified as respects that appeal by the Upper Tribunal under subsection (11).
21 12 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal (14) The Lord Chancellor may by order make provision for a person to be treated as being, or to be treated as not being, a party to a case for the purposes of subsection (2). (15) Rules of court may make provision as to the time within which an application under subsection (4) to the relevant appellate court must be made. 14 Proceedings on appeal to Court of Appeal etc. (1) Subsection (2) applies if the relevant appellate court, in deciding an appeal under section 13, finds that the making of the decision concerned involved the making of an error on a point of law. (2) The relevant appellate court (a) may (but need not) set aside the decision of the Upper Tribunal, and (b) if it does, must either (i) remit the case to the Upper Tribunal or, where the decision of the Upper Tribunal was on an appeal or reference from another tribunal or some other person, to the Upper Tribunal or that other tribunal or person, with directions for its reconsideration, or (ii) re-make the decision. (3) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(i), the relevant appellate court may also (a) direct that the persons who are chosen to reconsider the case are not to be the same as those who (i) where the case is remitted to the Upper Tribunal, made the decision of the Upper Tribunal that has been set aside, or (ii) where the case is remitted to another tribunal or person, made the decision in respect of which the appeal or reference to the Upper Tribunal was made; (b) give procedural directions in connection with the reconsideration of the case by the Upper Tribunal or other tribunal or person. (4) In acting under subsection (2)(b)(ii), the relevant appellate court (a) may make any decision which the Upper Tribunal could make if the Upper Tribunal were re-making the decision or (as the case may be) which the other tribunal or person could make if that other tribunal or person were re-making the decision, and (b) may make such findings of fact as it considers appropriate. (5) Where (a) under subsection (2)(b)(i) the relevant appellate court remits a case to the Upper Tribunal, and (b) the decision set aside under subsection (2)(a) was made by the Upper Tribunal on an appeal or reference from another tribunal or some other person, the Upper Tribunal may (instead of reconsidering the case itself) remit the case to that other tribunal or person, with the directions given by the relevant appellate court for its reconsideration. (6) In acting under subsection (5), the Upper Tribunal may also (a) direct that the persons who are chosen to reconsider the case are not to be the same as those who made the decision in respect of which the appeal or reference to the Upper Tribunal was made;
22 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 13 (b) give procedural directions in connection with the reconsideration of the case by the other tribunal or person. (7) In this section the relevant appellate court, as respects an appeal under section 13, means the court specified as respects that appeal by the Upper Tribunal under section 13(11). "Judicial review" 15 Upper Tribunal s judicial review jurisdiction (1) The Upper Tribunal has power, in cases arising under the law of England and Wales or under the law of Northern Ireland, to grant the following kinds of relief (a) a mandatory order; (b) a prohibiting order; (c) a quashing order; (d) a declaration; (e) an injunction. (2) The power under subsection (1) may be exercised by the Upper Tribunal if (a) certain conditions are met (see section 18), or (b) the tribunal is authorised to proceed even though not all of those conditions are met (see section 19(3) and (4)). (3) Relief under subsection (1) granted by the Upper Tribunal (a) has the same effect as the corresponding relief granted by the High Court on an application for judicial review, and (b) is enforceable as if it were relief granted by the High Court on an application for judicial review. (4) In deciding whether to grant relief under subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c), the Upper Tribunal must apply the principles that the High Court would apply in deciding whether to grant that relief on an application for judicial review. (5) In deciding whether to grant relief under subsection (1)(d) or (e), the Upper Tribunal must (a) in cases arising under the law of England and Wales apply the principles that the High Court would apply in deciding whether to grant that relief under section 31(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) on an application for judicial review, and (b) in cases arising under the law of Northern Ireland apply the principles that the High Court would apply in deciding whether to grant that relief on an application for judicial review. (6) For the purposes of the application of subsection (3)(a) in relation to cases arising under the law of Northern Ireland (a) a mandatory order under subsection (1)(a) shall be taken to correspond to an order of mandamus, (b) a prohibiting order under subsection (1)(b) shall be taken to correspond to an order of prohibition, and (c) a quashing order under subsection (1)(c) shall be taken to correspond to an order of certiorari.
23 14 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 16 Application for relief under section 15(1) (1) This section applies in relation to an application to the Upper Tribunal for relief under section 15(1). (2) The application may be made only if permission (or, in a case arising under the law of Northern Ireland, leave) to make it has been obtained from the tribunal. (3) The tribunal may not grant permission (or leave) to make the application unless it considers that the applicant has a sufficient interest in the matter to which the application relates. (4) Subsection (5) applies where the tribunal considers (a) that there has been undue delay in making the application, and (b) that granting the relief sought on the application would be likely to cause substantial hardship to, or substantially prejudice the rights of, any person or would be detrimental to good administration. (5) The tribunal may (a) refuse to grant permission (or leave) for the making of the application; (b) refuse to grant any relief sought on the application. (6) The tribunal may award to the applicant damages, restitution or the recovery of a sum due if (a) the application includes a claim for such an award arising from any matter to which the application relates, and (b) the tribunal is satisfied that such an award would have been made by the High Court if the claim had been made in an action begun in the High Court by the applicant at the time of making the application. (7) An award under subsection (6) may be enforced as if it were an award of the High Court. (8) Where (a) the tribunal refuses to grant permission (or leave) to apply for relief under section 15(1), (b) the applicant appeals against that refusal, and (c) the Court of Appeal grants the permission (or leave), the Court of Appeal may go on to decide the application for relief under section 15(1). (9) Subsections (4) and (5) do not prevent Tribunal Procedure Rules from limiting the time within which applications may be made. 17 Quashing orders under section 15(1): supplementary provision (1) If the Upper Tribunal makes a quashing order under section 15(1)(c) in respect of a decision, it may in addition (a) remit the matter concerned to the court, tribunal or authority that made the decision, with a direction to reconsider the matter and reach a decision in accordance with the findings of the Upper Tribunal, or (b) substitute its own decision for the decision in question. (2) The power conferred by subsection (1)(b) is exercisable only if (a) the decision in question was made by a court or tribunal,
24 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal 15 (b) (c) the decision is quashed on the ground that there has been an error of law, and without the error, there would have been only one decision that the court or tribunal could have reached. (3) Unless the Upper Tribunal otherwise directs, a decision substituted by it under subsection (1)(b) has effect as if it were a decision of the relevant court or tribunal. 18 Limits of jurisdiction under section 15(1) (1) This section applies where an application made to the Upper Tribunal seeks (whether or not alone) (a) relief under section 15(1), or (b) permission (or, in a case arising under the law of Northern Ireland, leave) to apply for relief under section 15(1). (2) If Conditions 1 to 4 are met, the tribunal has the function of deciding the application. (3) If the tribunal does not have the function of deciding the application, it must by order transfer the application to the High Court. (4) Condition 1 is that the application does not seek anything other than (a) relief under section 15(1); (b) permission (or, in a case arising under the law of Northern Ireland, leave) to apply for relief under section 15(1); (c) an award under section 16(6); (d) interest; (e) costs. (5) Condition 2 is that the application does not call into question anything done by the Crown Court. (6) Condition 3 is that the application falls within a class specified for the purposes of this subsection in a direction given in accordance with Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4). (7) The power to give directions under subsection (6) includes (a) power to vary or revoke directions made in exercise of the power, and (b) power to make different provision for different purposes. (8) Condition 4 is that the judge presiding at the hearing of the application is either (a) a judge of the High Court or the Court of Appeal in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, or a judge of the Court of Session, or (b) such other persons as may be agreed from time to time between the Lord Chief Justice, the Lord President, or the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, as the case may be, and the Senior President of Tribunals. (9) Where the application is transferred to the High Court under subsection (3) (a) the application is to be treated for all purposes as if it (i) had been made to the High Court, and
25 16 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15) Part 1 Tribunals and Inquiries Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal (b) (ii) sought things corresponding to those sought from the tribunal, and any steps taken, permission (or leave) given or orders made by the tribunal in relation to the application are to be treated as taken, given or made by the High Court. (10) Rules of court may make provision for the purpose of supplementing subsection (9). (11) The provision that may be made by Tribunal Procedure Rules about amendment of an application for relief under section 15(1) includes, in particular, provision about amendments that would cause the application to become transferrable under subsection (3). (12) For the purposes of subsection (9)(a)(ii), in relation to an application transferred to the High Court in Northern Ireland (a) an order of mandamus shall be taken to correspond to a mandatory order under section 15(1)(a), (b) an order of prohibition shall be taken to correspond to a prohibiting order under section 15(1)(b), and (c) an order of certiorari shall be taken to correspond to a quashing order under section 15(1)(c). 19 Transfer of judicial review applications from High Court (1) In the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54), after section 31 insert 31A Transfer of judicial review applications to Upper Tribunal (1) This section applies where an application is made to the High Court (a) for judicial review, or (b) for permission to apply for judicial review. (2) If Conditions 1, 2, 3 and 4 are met, the High Court must by order transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal. (3) If Conditions 1, 2 and 4 are met, but Condition 3 is not, the High Court may by order transfer the application to the Upper Tribunal if it appears to the High Court to be just and convenient to do so. (4) Condition 1 is that the application does not seek anything other than (a) relief under section 31(1)(a) and (b); (b) permission to apply for relief under section 31(1)(a) and (b); (c) an award under section 31(4); (d) interest; (e) costs. (5) Condition 2 is that the application does not call into question anything done by the Crown Court. (6) Condition 3 is that the application falls within a class specified under section 18(6) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act (7) Condition 4 is that the application does not call into question any decision made under (a) the Immigration Acts,