Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9014077B2/en
Timestamp: 2018-07-19 01:12:11
Document Index: 290760828

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 2', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 4', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 3', 'art 3']

US9014077B2 - Methods and apparatus for conducting financial transactions - Google Patents
US9014077B2
US9014077B2 US14165419 US201414165419A US9014077B2 US 9014077 B2 US9014077 B2 US 9014077B2 US 14165419 US14165419 US 14165419 US 201414165419 A US201414165419 A US 201414165419A US 9014077 B2 US9014077 B2 US 9014077B2
US14165419
US20140236685A1 (en )
This patent application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/619,382 filed Sep. 14, 2012 of the same title, to issue as U.S. Pat. No. 8,638,709 on Jan. 28, 2014, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/275,157 filed Oct. 17, 2011, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Conducting Financial Transactions”, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,634,338, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/855,860 filed Sep. 14, 2007, entitled “Method of Addressing Messages and Communications Systems”, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,040,829, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/416,846 filed May 2, 2006, entitled “Method of Addressing Messages and Communication System”, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,639,638, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/820,467 filed Mar. 28, 2001, entitled “Method of Addressing Messages and Communications Systems”, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,315,522, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/026,248 filed Feb. 19, 1998, entitled “Method of Addressing Messages and Communications Systems”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,275,476, each of the foregoing incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below/2 with reference to the following accompanying drawings.
This sequence of AMASK, AVALUE binary numbers assumes that there are collisions all the way down to the bottom of the tree, at which point the Identify command sent by the interrogator is finally successful so that no collision occurs. Rows in the table for which the interrogator is successful in receiving a reply without collision are marked with the symbol “*”. Note that if the Identify command was successful at, for example, the third line in j the table then the interrogator would stop going down that branch of the tree and start down another, so the sequence would be as shown in the following table.
The trade off that must be considered in determining how many (if any) levels to skip with each decent down the tree is as follows. Skipping levels reduces the number of collisions, thus saving battery power in the devices 12. Skipping deeper (skipping more than one level) further reduces the number of collisions. The more levels that are skipped, the greater the reduction in collisions. However, skipping levels results in longer search times because the number of queries (Identify commands) increases. The more levels that are skipped, the longer the search times Skipping just one level has an almost negligible effect on search time, but drastically reduces the number of collisions. If more than one level is skipped, search time increases substantially. Skipping every other level drastically reduces the number of collisions and saves battery power without significantly increasing/J the number of queries.
causing the debiting of an account associated with a radio frequency communications device based at least in part on the determination of an identifier of the radio frequency communications device via operation of a host computer having an application program running thereon, the host computer configured to:
cause the transmission of a first wireless command from an interrogator to initiate identification of one of a population of radio frequency communications devices, the first wireless command including one or more first bits that are configured to elicit at least one response from the population of radio frequency communications devices;
cause, after receipt by the interrogator of a first reply from the radio frequency communications device in response to the first wireless command, the transmission of a second wireless command from the interrogator to initiate identification of one of a subpopulation of radio frequency communications devices, the second wireless command including second bits that are configured to elicit one or more responses from the subpopulation of radio frequency communications devices;
cause, after receipt by the interrogator of a second reply from the radio frequency communications device in response to the second wireless command, the determination of the identifier of the radio frequency communications device when there is no collision in response to at least the second wireless command; and
cause the transmission of a third wireless command to the radio frequency communications device using the identifier of the radio frequency communications device, the third wireless command causing the radio frequency communications device to transmit a subsequent reply.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency communications device is disposed substantially within a card-like housing.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the causing of the debiting of the account comprises receiving data relating to a credit account which can be charged.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the data relating to the credit account comprises a credit card number.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the causing of the debiting of the account is for the payment of goods or services.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the act of causing the debiting of the account is associated with the payment of a toll.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the interrogator is disposed within or proximate to a toll booth, and wherein the host computer is further configured to operate the interrogator disposed within or proximate the toll booth at least when the radio frequency communications device issuing the reply to the first wireless command is in close proximity to the toll booth.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the causing of the debiting of the account comprises receiving data relating to a credit account against which a toll can be charged.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the data relating to the credit account comprises a credit card number.
causing the transmission of a first wireless command that is configured to elicit at least one response from one or more radio frequency communications devices within an operating field of an interrogator, the first wireless command configured to elicit responses from a full set of arbitration values associated with a plurality of radio frequency communications devices;
causing the transmission of a second wireless command that is configured to elicit one or more responses from one or more radio frequency communications devices within the operating field of the interrogator, the second wireless command configured to elicit responses from a subset of arbitration values associated with the plurality of radio frequency communications devices, the subset being less than the full set;
causing, based at least on the receipt of a reply from a radio frequency communications device in response to the first wireless command and/or the second wireless command, the identification of an identifier of the radio frequency communications device when there is no collision; and
causing the transmission of a third wireless command to individually address the one radio frequency communications device using the identifier of the one radio frequency communications device, the third wireless command requesting the one radio frequency communications device to transmit a subsequent reply; and
wherein funds are received for the payment of goods or services based at least on part on one or more replies from the radio frequency communications device.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the interrogator is disposed within or proximate to a toll booth.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the information relating to the credit account comprises a credit card number.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the radio frequency communications device is embodied within a card.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the card includes visual identification features including at least one of graphics and/or text.
17. A method of conducting a financial transaction via radio frequency communications, comprising:
causing the transmission of a first wireless command having one or more first bits that are indicative of a full set of arbitration values, the first wireless command configured to elicit responses from a full set of radio frequency communications devices which may be present within an operating field of an interrogator;
causing the transmission of a second wireless command having second bits that are indicative of a subset of arbitration values, the second wireless command configured to elicit responses from a subset of the radio frequency communications devices, the subset being less than the full set;
causing the receipt of a reply from a radio frequency communications device in response to the first wireless command and/or the second wireless command;
causing a determination, from at least the reply, of an identifier of the radio frequency communications device when there is no collision; and
causing the transmission of a third wireless command to individually address the radio frequency communications device using the identifier; and
causing the debiting of an account associated with the radio frequency communications device, the debiting of the account enabled at least in part by the interrogator.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the third wireless command requests that the radio frequency communications device transmit a subsequent reply.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the act of causing the debiting of the account further comprises receiving data corresponding to a credit account against which a payment can be charged.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the data corresponding with the credit account comprises a credit card number.
US14165419 1998-02-19 2014-01-27 Methods and apparatus for conducting financial transactions Expired - Lifetime US9014077B2 (en)
US13619382 Continuation US8638709B2 (en) 1998-02-19 2012-09-14 Methods and apparatus for conducting financial transactions
US20140236685A1 true US20140236685A1 (en) 2014-08-21
US9014077B2 true US9014077B2 (en) 2015-04-21
WO1997043216A1 (en) 1996-05-10 1997-11-20 Mason James A Method and apparatus for treating and disinfecting water and/or wastewater
Auto-ID Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "13.56 MHz ISM Band Class 1 Radio Frequency Identification Tag interface Specification; Recommended Standard," Technical Report, Feb. 1, 2003.
Capetanakis, John I., "Generalized TDMA: The Multi-Accessing Tree Protocol," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. Com. 27. No. 10, pp. 1476-1484, Oct. 1979.
Capetanakis, John I., "Tree Algorithms for Packet Broadcast Channels", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. vol. IT-25, No. 5, pp. 505-515, Sep. 1979.
CNN Money, "Manhattan Associates Announces Next-Generation Microsoft-Based RFID Solutions," located at http://money.cnn.com/services/tickerheadlines/prn/cltu045.P1.09 1 620031227-27.24911.htm, Sep. 16, 2003.
Engels, Daniel. "The Use of the Electronic Product Code," Auto-ID Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technical Report, Feb. 1, 2003.
EPC Global, Inc. "EPC Radio Frequency Identity Protocols-Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID-Protocol for Communications at 360 MHz-960MHz." version 1.0.9, cover sheet and pp. 37-38, Jan. 2005.
EPC Global, Inc. "EPC Radio Frequency Identity Protocols—Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID—Protocol for Communications at 360 MHz-960MHz." version 1.0.9, cover sheet and pp. 37-38, Jan. 2005.
eRetailNews, "The Electronic Product Code (EPC)," located at http://www.eretail.news.com/features/epc/htm, accessed Oct. 15, 2003.
eRetailNews, "The Electronic Product Code Schematic," located at http://cee.eretailnews.com/features/0105epcschema.htm, accessed Oct. 15, 2003.
Finkenzeller, Klaus, "Radio Frequency Idenitifcation-The Authors Homepage of the RFID Handbook." located at http://www.rfid-handbook.com, accessed Feb. 22, 2007.
Finkenzeller, Klaus, "Radio Frequency Idenitifcation—The Authors Homepage of the RFID Handbook." located at http://www.rfid-handbook.com, accessed Feb. 22, 2007.
Humblet, Pierre A. et al., "Efficient Accessing of a Muitiaccess Channel." Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes, pp. 624-627, 1980.
ISO/IEC, "Identification Cards-Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards-Proximity Cards-Part 2 Radio Frequency Power and Signal Interface," ISO/IEC FCD 14443-2, Mar. 26, 1999.
ISO/IEC, "Identification Cards—Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards—Proximity Cards—Part 2 Radio Frequency Power and Signal Interface," ISO/IEC FCD 14443-2, Mar. 26, 1999.
ISO/IEC, "Identification Cards-Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards-Proximity Cards-Part 3: Initiation and Anticollision," ISO/IEC FDIS 14443.3:2000(E), Jul. 13, 2000.
ISO/IEC, "Identification Cards—Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards—Proximity Cards—Part 3: Initiation and Anticollision," ISO/IEC FDIS 14443.3:2000(E), Jul. 13, 2000.
ISO/IEC, "Identification Cards-Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards-Proximity Cards-Part 4: Transmission Protocol," ISO/IEC FDIS 144434:2000(E), Jul. 13, 2000.
ISO/IEC, "Identification Cards—Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards—Proximity Cards—Part 4: Transmission Protocol," ISO/IEC FDIS 144434:2000(E), Jul. 13, 2000.
ISO/IEC, "Identification Cards-Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards-Vicinity Cards-Part 1, Physical Characteristics," ISO/IEC FDIS 15693-1 ;2000(E), May 19, 2000.
ISO/IEC, "Identification Cards—Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards—Vicinity Cards—Part 1, Physical Characteristics," ISO/IEC FDIS 15693-1 ;2000(E), May 19, 2000.
ISO/IEC, "Information Technology AIDC Techniques-RFID for Item Management-Air Interface-Part 3: Paramenters for Air Interface Communications at 13.56 MHz." ISO/IEC 18000-3 FCD. May 27, 2002.
ISO/IEC, "Information Technology AIDC Techniques—RFID for Item Management—Air Interface—Part 3: Paramenters for Air Interface Communications at 13.56 MHz." ISO/IEC 18000-3 FCD. May 27, 2002.
RFID Journal, "Second Source of Class 1 EPC Chips," located at http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/473/1/17, Jun. 26, 2003.
USPTO Transaction History of U.S. Appl. No. 09/026,045, filed Feb. 19, 1998, entitled "Method of Addressing Messages, Methods of Establishing Wireless Communications, and Communications System," now U.S. Patent No. 6,072,801. USPTO Transaction History of U.S. Appl. No. 09/026,050, filed Feb. 19, 1998, entitled "Method of Addressing Messages and Communications System," now U.S. Patent No. 6,061,344.
Wright, Jim, "Trends and Innovations in RF Indentitication," SUN Microsystems Inc. presentation, Mar. 2005.