Source: http://patents.com/us-9988194.html
Timestamp: 2019-01-16 05:55:04
Document Index: 713838284

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'art 1', 'arts 1', 'art 1']

US Patent # 9,988,194. Gas and light proof, double-shell blister packs for medicinal contents - Patents.com
United States Patent 9,988,194
Brandl June 5, 2018
Gas and light proof, double-shell blister packs for medicinal contents
The present invention is related to a double-shell blister packaging (1) for medicinal contents comprising one or more cavityies of a similar shape to the medicinal content, said double-shell packaging (1) being the assembly of a first and second mutilayer structures sealed to each other, each multilayer structure comprising a seal layer (3), one or more aluminium layers (4) with a thickness of at least 20 .mu.m, preferably 30 .mu.m, and two or more support layers (2), wherein said two or more support layers (2) have a tensile strength at break in machine and transversal direction of 200 N/mm.sup.2 or more, and an elongation at break of 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, measured according to EN ISO 527-3, each of said multilayer structures comprising cavities which, arranged face to face, enclose in use said medicinal content.
Brandl; Oliver (Constance, DE)
Amcor Flexibles (Kreuzlingen, CH)
Family ID: 1000003328473
14/903,532
PCT/EP2014/064606
WO2015/004134
US 20160159541 A1 Jun 9, 2016
Jul 10, 2013 [EP] 13175849
Current CPC Class: B65D 65/38 (20130101); B32B 7/12 (20130101); B32B 15/08 (20130101); B32B 15/20 (20130101); B32B 27/20 (20130101); B32B 27/308 (20130101); B32B 27/327 (20130101); B65B 9/045 (20130101); B65B 61/06 (20130101); B65B 61/182 (20130101); B65D 65/40 (20130101); B65D 75/323 (20130101); B65D 75/5827 (20130101); B65D 75/5855 (20130101); A61J 1/035 (20130101); B32B 2439/80 (20130101); B32B 2270/00 (20130101); B32B 2307/54 (20130101); B32B 2307/7242 (20130101)
Current International Class: B65D 83/04 (20060101); B65D 75/58 (20060101); B65B 61/18 (20060101); A61J 1/03 (20060101); B32B 27/32 (20060101); B32B 27/30 (20060101); B32B 27/20 (20060101); B32B 15/20 (20060101); B32B 7/12 (20060101); B65D 75/32 (20060101); B65B 61/06 (20060101); B65B 9/04 (20060101); B65D 65/40 (20060101); B32B 15/08 (20060101); B65D 65/38 (20060101)
Field of Search: ;206/528,529,530,531,532,534.1,534.2,535,536,538,539,524.1,524.6 ;53/170,173
2005/0139505 June 2005 Miller
2010/0155288 June 2010 Harper et al.
2014/0197066 July 2014 Brandl et al.
2014/0346081 November 2014 Sowden
2015/0307260 October 2015 Reggio
102011001929 Oct 2012 DE
0637285 Feb 1995 EP
0650904 May 1995 EP
1780005 Oct 2005 EP
1733872 Dec 2006 EP
2007/042174 Apr 2007 WO
2007/057081 May 2007 WO
Response to search report filed in Application No. PCT/EP2014/064606; 12 pages; dated Dec. 16, 2014. cited by applicant.
1. Double-shell blister packaging for medicinal contents comprising one or more cavity(ies), wherein the ratio of the volume of the cavity(ies) to the volume of the medicinal content is comprised between 1.8 and 1, , said double-shell packaging being the assembly of a first and of a second multilayer structures sealed to each other via one or more seal layer(s), each multilayer structure comprising one or more aluminum layer(s) with a thickness of at least 20 .mu.m, and two or more support layers, wherein said two or more support layers have a tensile strength at break measured in machine and transversal direction of 200 N/mm2 or more, and an elongation at break of 50% or more, measured according to EN ISO 527-3 published in 1995, sample type 2, part 1-6, each of said multilayer structures comprising cavities which, arranged face to face, enclose in use said medicinal content.
2. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein said one or more aluminium layer(s) is/are sandwiched between the two or more support layers.
3. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein the stress/strain curves measured on said support layer present a positive slope for the measurement of the strain hardening according to EN ISO 527-3 published in 1995, sample type 2, part 1-6.
4. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the one or more aluminium layer(s) within the one or more cavity(ies), due to the stretch cold forming process, represents at least 30% of the thickness of the one or more aluminium layer(s) in the multilayer structure in the periphery of said cavities.
5. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein said blister is of a tearable, push-trough or a peelable type comprising one or more seal layer(s) selected from the group consisting of heat-seal lacquer with a thickness of 15 .mu.m or less, a seal-initiation temperature determined by welding trials of 125.degree. C. or less, and a melting temperature determined by differential scanning calorimetry of 125.degree. C. or less, measured under a heating speed of 20.degree. C./min between 50 and 150.degree. C. and represented by the peak maximum of the second run.
6. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein said blister is of a tearable, push-trough or a peelable type comprising one or more seal layer(s) comprising coextruded polymer films and extrusion coatings with a thickness of 50 .mu.m or less, a seal-initiation temperature determined by welding trials of 135.degree. C. or less, and a melting temperature determined by differential scanning calorimetry of 135.degree. C. or less, measured under a heating speed of 20.degree. C./min between 50 and 150.degree. C. and represented by the peak maximum of the second run.
7. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein the seal layer for the peelable blister has a peel strength comprised between 1.2 and 10 N/15 mm.
8. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein said peelable seal layer comprises LLDPE, poly-1-butene and inorganic filler material.
9. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein the seal layer for the tearable or push-through blister type is selected from the group consisting of a linear low-density polyethylene of a density between 0.902 and 0.925 g/cm3, partially or entirely neutralized ionomer, EMA, EBA, polyethylene obtained by metallocene catalysis, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethyleneterephtalate glycol.
10. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein said peelable seal layer for the peelable blister type comprises compositions selected from the group consisting of polyolefin blends and/or copolymers of modified ethylene acrylate, blends of linear low density polyethylene or polyethylene obtained by metallocene catalysis and polybutylene.
11. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein said peelable seal layer for the peelable blister comprises lacquer compositions selected from the group consisting of phenoxy resins, blends of copolymers of methacrylic ester, olefins and ethylidennorbornen as binder, blends of polybutylmetacrylate, polybutylethacrylate and acrylic resins as binder, tackifier based on alphamethylstyrene, maleic acid anhydride modified copolymers of vinylacetate and vinylchloride and water-based dispersions based on ethylenevinylacetate, ethylene acrylic acid and metacrylic acid and salts thereof.
12. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein said multilayer structures additionally comprise two or more adhesive or tie layers selected from the group consisting of EAA, ionomers, EMA and EBA.
13. Blister packaging according to claim 1, said packaging comprising weakening lines or tear notches in the polymer layer(s) on the top and/or on the bottom of said first and/or second multilayer structure(s), the weakening lines preserving the barrier effect of the aluminium layer.
14. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the volume of the cavity(ies) to the volume of the medicinal content is comprised between 1.6 and 1.1.
15. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the volume of the cavity(ies) to the volume of the medicinal content is comprised between 1.5 and 1.2.
16. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein the thickness is of at least 30.mu.m.
17. Blister packaging according to claim 1, wherein the elongation at break is of 70% or more.
18. Blister packaging according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the heat-seal lacquer is of 10 .mu.m or less, the seal-initiation temperature is of 110.degree. C. or less, and the melting temperature is of 120.degree. C. or less.
19. Blister packaging according to claim 18, wherein the melting temperature is of 115.degree. C. or less.
20. Blister packaging according to claim 6, wherein said thickness is 35 .mu.m or less, the seal-initiation temperature is 120.degree. C. or less, and the melting temperature is of 120.degree. C. or less.
21. Blister packaging according to claim 20, wherein the melting temperature is of 115.degree. C. or less.
22. Process for the manufacturing of the blister packaging according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: supplying a first and second multilayer structures comprising one or more aluminium layer(s) with a thickness of at least 20 .mu.m, and two or more support layers having a tensile strength at break measured in machine and transversal direction of 200 N/mm2 or more, and an elongation at break of 50% or more, measured according to EN ISO 527-3 published in 1995, sample type 2, part 1-6, said multilayer structures having a multidirectional deformability of 35% or more; stretch-cold forming of said first and second multilayers to form one or more cavity(ies); - filling said one or more cavity(ies) of one of the first or second multilayer structure with the medicinal content; sealing the first and second multilayer structures face to face; cutting the sealed multilayer into blister packaging units; conditioning in over-pack boxes or bags.
23. Process according to claim 22, comprising an additional step of cutting a weakening line or a tear notch into the first and/or second multilayer structure(s) to allow a push-through opening or a tear opening of said blister packaging.
24. Process according to claim 23, wherein the cutting of a weakening line or a tear notch is performed by laser cutting through the polymer layer(s) on the top and/or the bottom of the first and/or second multilayer structure(s), the laser beam being stopped by the aluminium layer to keep a total gas barrier.
25. Process according to claim 22, wherein the thickness is of at least 30.mu.m.
26. Process according to claim 22, wherein the elongation at break is of 70% or more.
The present invention is related to a high gas barrier and light proof, double-shell blister pack for medicinal contents, such as medication and analogous pharmaceutical products. The present invention also discloses a process for the production of this blister pack.
Blister packs are well known by those skilled in the art. They are produced on blister lines for the pharmaceutical industry to pack for example tablets and capsules by forming a packaging film to a cavity form, filling the tablet and sealing it by a lidding foil. If no gas barrier is needed, in particular no aluminum layer, usual films such as (PVC, PVDC/PVC, PP, PS, etc.) are easily thermoformable and constitute the bottom film of a single-shell blister in which cavities of a large variety of sizes can be thermoformed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,019 discloses a single-shell blister pack with lid comprising an aluminium layer (FIG. 1) and a double-shell (FIG. 2) blister packaging without aluminium barrier layer. The plastic film is heated and formed by air pressure or by a plug to form the cavity by press-trough process (PTP). Since no aluminum layer is present here, high forma bilities can be achieved leading to a small blister size.
For blister packaging with total gas and light barrier requirements, laminates with an aluminum layer are required. The presence of such an aluminum layer considerably limits the depth of the cavities in a deep-drawing process since the elongation-at-break is conditioned by this aluminum layer. Therefore, a process called "stretch cold forming" is used. In this process, the periphery of a future cavity is maintained in place by clamping while the cavity is deep-drawn.
For single-shell blister packs with aluminum layer, it is state of the art that the bottom foil is formed and the lid foil is unformed. Forming tools form the Al laminate according to a cold forming process by means of plugs and a clamping. The multiaxial deformability is nevertheless limited. Single-shell blisters of this type are notably disclosed in EP 1 780 005 B1, EP 1 733 872 A1, WO 2007/042174 A1, WO 2007/057081 A1 and US 2010/0155288 A1.
A well-known example of a single-shell blister pack according to the prior art has the following structure: polyamide (PA) 25 .mu.m/Al 45 .mu.m/PVC 60 .mu.m. This structure can be multiaxially stretch-coldformed by about 30%.
EP 0 637 285 B1 discloses a stretch-formed single-shell blister pack for freeze drying applications with a plurality of compartments made from a stretch-formable multilayer structure comprising a metal layer of 8 to 80 .mu.m and a plastic support layer of biaxially oriented polyamide on each side having a thickness between 20 and 30 .mu.m. The lid is not stretch-formed and comprises an aluminium layer from 15 to 25 .mu.m. The blister pack is aimed for a process where a liquid is poured into the cavity and freeze dried, which requests a high resistance against temperature differences without curling and suggests the use of symmetrical film structures.
DE 102011001929 (Amcor) discloses a single-shell blister packaging using amorphous PET of a preferred thickness between 200 and 300 .mu.m and a tensile strength at break much lower than 200 N/mm.sup.2 (MPa). Typical non-oriented PET (A-PET) for thermoforming exhibits a tensile strength at break between 55 and 75 N/mm.sup.2 (MPa) to allow thermoformability --see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene terephthalate. Furthermore, the multilayer structures disclosed in DE 102011001929 do not have two or more support layers of oriented polymer layer with a tensile strength at break higher than 200 N/mm.sup.2 (MPa), and in particular no aluminum layer sandwiched between those support layers.
The present invention aims to provide a double-shell packaging for medicinal contents exhibiting a total light barrier and a high gas barrier, wherein the only gas diffusion is limited to the edges.
The present invention also aims to optimize the size of the double-shell packaging by considerably reducing the ratio film laminate versus medicinal content by adapting the double-shell cavity size closely to the capsule or tablet size, thereby reducing the global size of the blister packaging and of the over-packaging with a logical positive effect on the global CO.sub.2 balance.
The present invention further provides a process for the production of a space-efficient double-shell blister according to the invention.
The present invention discloses a double-shell blister packaging for medicinal contents comprising one or more cavity(ies) of an optimized shape for the medicinal content, said double-shell packaging being the assembly of a first and a second multilayer structures sealed to each other via one or more seal layer(s), each multilayer structure comprising one or more aluminum layer(s) with a thickness of at least 20 .mu.m, preferably 30 .mu.m, and two or more support layers, wherein said two or more support layers have a tensile strength at break measured in machine and transversal direction of 200 N/mm.sup.2 or more, and an elongation at break of 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, measured according to EN ISO 527-3 published in 1995; sample type 2, part 1-6, each of said multilayer structures comprising cavities which, arranged face to face, enclose in use said medicinal content.
Particular embodiments of the present invention comprise one or more of the following features: the one or more aluminium layer(s) is/are sandwiched between the two or more support layers; the ratio of the volume of the cavity to the volume of the medicinal content is comprised between 1.8 and 1, preferably between 1.6 and 1.1, and most preferably between 1.5 and 1.2; the stress/strain curves measured on said support layer present a positive slope for the measurement of the strain hardening according to EN ISO 527-3 published in 1995, sample type 2, part 1-6; the thickness of the one or more aluminium layer(s) within the one or more cavity(ies), due to the stretch-coldforming process, represents at least 30% of the thickness of the one or more aluminium layer(s) in the multilayer structure in the periphery of said cavities; the blister is of a tearable push-through or a peelable type comprising one or more seal layer(s) selected from the group consisting of heat-seal lacquer with a thickness of 15 .mu.m or less, preferably 10 .mu.m or less, a seal-initiation temperature determined by welding trials of 125.degree. C. or less, preferably 110.degree. C. or less, and a melting temperature determined by differential scanning calorimetry of 125.degree. C. or less, preferably 120.degree. C. or less, and most preferably of 115.degree. C. or less, measured under a heating speed of 20.degree. C./min between 50 and 150.degree. C. and represented by the peak maximum of the second run; the blister is of a tearable push-through or a peelable type comprising one or more seal layer(s) comprising coextruded polymer films and extrusion coatings with a thickness of 50 .mu.m or less, preferably 35 .mu.m or less, a seal-initiation temperature determined by welding trials of 135.degree. C. or less, preferably 120.degree. C. or less, and a melting temperature determined by differential scanning calorimetry of 135.degree. C. or less, preferably 125.degree. C. or less, and most preferably of 115.degree. C. or less, measured under a heating speed of 20.degree. C./min between 50 and 150.degree. C. and represented by the peak maximum of the second run; the seal layer for the peelable blister has a peel strength comprised between 2 and 10 N/15 mm; the seal peelable seal layer comprises LLDPE, poly-1-butene and inorganic filler material; the seal layer for the tearable blister type is selected from the group consisting of a linear low-density polyethylene of a density between 0.902 and 0.925 g/cm.sup.3, partially or entirely neutralized ionomer, EMA, EBA, polyethylene obtained by metallocene catalysis, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethyleneterephtalate glycol; the peelable seal layer for the peelable blister type comprises compositions selected from the group consisting of polyolefin blends and/or copolymers of modified ethylene acrylate, blends of linear low-density polyethylene or polyethylene obtained by metallocence catalysis and polybutylene; the peelable seal layer for the peelable blister comprises lacquer compositions selected from the group consisting of phenoxy resins, blends of copolymers of methacrylic ester, olefins and ethylidennorbornen as binder, blends of polybutylmetacrylate, polybutyl-ethacrylate and acrylic resins as binder, tackifier based on alphamethylstyrene, maleic acid anhydride modified copolymers of vinylacetat and vinylchloride and water-based dispersions based on ethylenevinylacetate, ethylene acrylic acid and metacrylic acid and salts thereof; said multilayer structures additionally comprise two or more adhesive or tie layers selected from the group consisting of EAA, ionomers, EMA and EBA.
The present invention further discloses a process for the manufacturing of the blister packaging according to the invention, comprising the following steps: supplying a first and second multilayer structures comprising one or more aluminium layer(s) with a thickness of at least 30 .mu.m and two or more support layers, said multilayer structures having a multidirectional deformability of 35% or more; stretch-cold forming of said first and second multilayers to form one or more cavity(ies); filling said one or more cavity(ies) of one of the first or second multilayer structure with the medicinal content; sealing the first and second multilayer structures face to face; cutting the sealed multilayer into blister packaging units; conditioning in over-pack boxes or bags.
The process according to the invention may comprise an additional step of cutting a weakening line or a tear notch into the first and/or second multilayer structure(s) to allow a push-through opening or a tear opening.
FIGS. 1 to 3 are schematic representations of the cross-diffusion phenomenon in single-shell blister pack according to the prior art. Since such single-shell packaging for medicinal contents have a lid and a shell both comprising aluminium layer, no other diffusion than cross-diffusion is possible.
FIG. 4 represents the comparisons between single-shell blister packs of the prior art and double-shell blister packs according to the invention. Due to stretch-cold forming, the global size of the blister pack can be considerably reduced.
FIG. 5 represents a top view of the dimensions between a prior art single-shell pack with lid (b) for a capsule 00 which is 23.3 mm long with a diameter of 8.5 mm (which was taken as reference for the calculations in Table 2) and the dimension of the double-shell pack according to the invention (a).
FIG. 6 represents a first configuration of the double-shell blister pack according to the invention, wherein the medicinal content (a capsule 00) is packed in a double-shell structure where the aluminium layer is situated between two support layers and one seal layer. The adhesive, primer or extrusion coated tie layers are not represented.
FIG. 7 represents a second configuration of the double-shell blister pack according to the invention, wherein the medicinal content (a capsule 00) is packed in a double-shell structure where the aluminium layer is sandwiched between two support layers. Again, the possible adhesive, primer or extrusion coated tie layers are not represented.
FIG. 8 represents a burst pressure test of the multilayer structure used for the double-shell blister according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 represents the process scheme for the production of the double-shell blister according to the invention.
1. Double-shell blister pack 2. Support layer 3. Seal layer 4. Aluminum layer 5. Medicinal content 6. Forming station 7. Filling station 8. Sealing station 9. Cutting station 10. Packing station
Tablet blisters are produced on blister lines for the pharmaceutical industry to pack a medicinal content, for example tablets and capsules, by forming a multilayer packaging film to a cavity form, filling the medicinal content and sealing it by a lidding foil. The presence of an aluminium layer with a thickness of at least 30 .mu.m within the multilayer of the bottom and of the lidding foil guarantees a total gas and light barrier, if necessary.
The expression "medicinal content" in the present invention has to be understood in its largest sense and comprises tablets, pills, capsules but also contents which are not strictly considered for medical use but requesting a high gas barrier.
A first target of the present invention is to create a double-shell gas-tight blister, comprising an aluminium barrier layer of at least 20 .mu.m, preferably 30 .mu.m, with a comparable cavity size as an ordinary double-shell thermoform blister (without aluminium layer as gas and light barrier).
To reach this target, the present invention uses a multilayer laminate comprising an aluminium layer with an increased multiaxial deformability of at least 35%, preferably of at least 40%. Two multilayer structures with increased multiaxial deformability can be cold-formed (stretch-cold forming) creating cavities in each part (top and bottom) that are arranged symmetrically to each other, those cold-formed parts being assembled by sealing after having been filled with their medicinal content. The size of such a double-shell configuration is considerably reduced compared to a single shell with a flat lid. The requested quantity of multilayer structure can be reduced by at least 50%, and preferably by at least 70%--see FIG. 5 and Table 2. The size of the cavity is optimized and just slightly bigger than the size of the medicinal content by about 5 to 60%, preferably 10 to 40% and more preferably 10 to 30%.
A burst test to test multiaxial deformability is performed by preparing a strip with a width of 20 cm out of the multilayer structure, which is introduced under a calotte, in case of bursting during the test, the testing time has to be adjusted and the tests have to be repeated over the whole width of the strip. The measured values have to be averaged and the standard deviation is being calculated (see FIG. 8).
The good formability of a standard cold-formed multilayer structure is achieved by supporting the weakest layer in the laminate, i.e. the aluminium foil, by means of at least two strong plastic layers. Oriented polyamide (oPA) film of 25 .mu.m is generally used for that purpose as well as other plastics having a tensile strength at break in machine transversal direction of at least 200 N/mm.sup.2 and an elongation at break of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, measured according to EN ISO 527-3 published in 1995, sample type 2, parts 1-6.
The present invention discloses the use of at least two or more of such stiff polymer films, either both on one side of the aluminium layer or sandwiching the aluminium layer.
Non-limitative examples of such stiff polymer layer are oriented polymer layer such as oPET's (>230 MPa in MD and TD), oPPS, oPS, oEVOH, or non-oriented aromatic polyamides (aramid) or PEEK. Preferred polymers are specific polyamide formulations developed for higher stiffness applications. An example for a typical structure of a final laminate according to the invention is (tie or adhesive layers are not mentioned here): oPA 25 .mu.m (outside)/Al 60 .mu.m/oPA 25 .mu.m/PETG 35 .mu.m (inside) In this structure, oPA works as support layer, aluminium as barrier layer and PETG as seal layer.
The use of such relatively thick multilayer structures requests high sealing temperatures on the jaws since the heat has to cross several layers before it reaches the seal layer. This creates a phenomenon called the "Hot Tack Issue" where the air in the cavity is overheated, thus increasing the pressure in the cavity. At that stage, the seal layer is still molten and air penetrates the periphery of the cavity leading to a poor seal and cross-diffusion barrier.
To overcome this problem, high-viscosity melt at the necessary seal temperature is needed. The most convenient seal layers are therefore combinations of a low seal temperature and high molecular weight, (high viscous seal layer), as thin as possible to avoid an insulation effect. Non-limitative examples for such films are PETG 35 .mu.m, various LLDPE versions with densities between 0.902 and 0.925 g/cm.sup.3 or multilayer films based on it, as well as ionomers films/coatings. High MW lacquers or thin coatings (1-10 .mu.m) are possible alternatives (see examples) as seal layer as well as highly mineral filled coatings since they have a high-melt viscosity. The key features for sealing layer are melting point determined by DSC and seal-initiation temperature which should be lower than 125.degree. C., preferably lower than 120.degree. C. and even lower than 115.degree. C. if possible.
To determine the seal-initiation temperature (SIT), seal trials are started at a temperature low enough to avoid any seal (seal strength=0 N/15 mm), then the temperature is progressively increased (5 or 10.degree. C. steps) and when a seal occurs, the strength is measured and the SIT is considered as determined above 2 N/15 mm seal strength.
The double-shell blister packaging according to the invention needs an opening mechanism chosen between peeling, pushing-through or tearing.
The tear-open solution can be achieved by the use of appropriate plastic that breaks easily and thin enough Al layers. Such plastic structures are mostly oriented or intrinsically brittle. As non-limitative examples, mention may be made of PETG, oPA, oPET, etc.
Another option to achieve "easy tear" is specific weakening by laser-cutting (in distinct areas and trough specific layers only) or mechanically (punching/scratching at specific area into specific layers only) at the blister production line after forming or during the laminate production process. These techniques are well known by those skilled in the art.
The peelable solution often uses seal layer composed of a matrix polymer and a dispersed-phase inorganic or organic material, that substantially weakens the cohesive strength leading to an easy opening. Well-known examples are e.g. polyethylene blended with poly-1-butene (PE/PB-1) or polyethylene with talcum added. For lacquers, debonding agents are used but adhesively-failing structures can possibly be used.
The peel and seal strength is given in N/15 mm. The test procedure generates a cross seal at appropriate temperature using sealing jaws of 10 mm, the sealing pressure is 50 N/cm.sup.2, +/-2 N/cm.sup.2, sealing time 0.5 sec. To measure the peel or seal force via a testing machine, the test velocity is 100 mm/min and the takedown angle 90.degree..
The push-through solution needs to take care on the tablet, which should not break, and therefore needs a cavity that must be sufficiently weak or breaking easily. This is an opposite requirement to the high-strength demand to achieve exceptionally high formability. Therefore, the push-through design feature can be achieved after forming, i.e. on the blister line. Laser ablation/cutting can be used to weaken the layers or scratching/punching can again be used to weaken the laminate in a certain region/area, enabling easy breaking of the laminate when pushing the tablet through.
Another advantage of the present invention is the sustainability of the double-shell blister pack since "thick" laminates lead to a higher CO.sub.2 emission than thin foils and one would expect a worse CO.sub.2 emission balance per square meter for the structures according to the invention than for the combinations used in a standard single-shell blister as they are thicker and heavier. Nevertheless, the blister pack according to the invention can pack up to 75% more tablets or capsules, as the cavity area size is up to 75% smaller leading to a better CO.sub.2 emission balance than for prior-art blisters (see Table 2).
Another aim of the present invention is to considerably reduce the so-called cross-diffusion. Cross-diffusion is the moisture and gas entering the cavity by diffusion through the seal layer (see FIGS. 1 to 3). Humidity is an important issue in pharmaceutical applications. Table 1 shows calculated cross-diffusions based on the available perimeter of the cavity of a blister pack conditioned by a double-shell configuration. The single-shell blister bottom foil with same inner side as the double-shell blister bottom foil and the lid of the prior art is taken as 100% reference for the respective example.
The calculations take into account the water-vapor transmission coefficients (g/m.sup.2/day) of the individual layer of the bottom and the lid foil on the inner sides (IS and sealing side of the Al foil)-see relevant layer for cross-diffusion in FIG. 3. The calculation also takes into account the thickness of these individual layers and the available perimeter relative to a single-shell blister pack with lid (perimeter where humidity may enter the cavity by cross diffusion). FIG. 5 and Table 2 allow the calculation of the perimeter that represents about 55% of the perimeter of a single-shell cavity.
The double-shell example B (PA25/PA25/Al/PE) achieves a cross-diffusion reduction of 27% compared to the single-cavity blister example B of the prior art. Important is the reduction in perimeter, where the cross-diffusion enters the cavity, by reduction of the blister-cavity size and minimizing the thickness of the seal layer. This is achieved by reducing the blister-cavity size and subsequently the perimeter through which cross-diffusion occurs by using an Al laminate with increased multidirectional deformability (approximately 40%) and by forming both lid and bottom foil creating a double-shell according to the invention. The cavities are formed in a blister line forming both lid and bottom foil. A scheme of a blister line for that purpose is shown in FIG. 9.
The most important difference to a usual blister line is the second forming station for the lid and the possible presence of a second sealing station to heat the multilayer structure from both sides.
Further advantages of the present invention are: less space in shelf/less volume consumed in the shelves; less secondary costs (smaller folding carton, less air transported in truck); higher line productivity (more tablets packed per minute); smaller in the pocket of a patient.
The extremely low cross-diffusion rate of this type of packaging is evaluated at approximately 1.4*10.sup.-6 g water-vapor/day. On the contrary, the best thermoform blister typically has a cross-diffusion rate of approximately. 1*10.sup.-4 g water/day entering the cavity under 40.degree. C./75% relative humidity outside of the blister and 40.degree. C./0% rh. inside, wherein the blister tablet is considered as an infinite water absorption sink.
This low quantity of water-vapor diffusion is difficult to measure and it can only be performed by using several blisters having several cavities over long periods of time (half a year for example, 10 blisters with 10 cavities). Then, a difference of 0.1 mg can be measured. Examples: 1.4*10-6*10 blisters*10 cavities*183 days (half year)=0,026 g in half a year. And 1.83 g for the thermoform case, which corresponds to half a year at 40/75, is a typical storage condition for pharmaceutical companies (so called ICH conditions).
For the aluminium layer, soft temper types are used as multidirectional stretchability is required. Non-limitative exemples are: EN AW 8006, EN AW 8021, EN AW 8021A, EN AW 8021B, EN AW 8014.
The above-mentioned Al alloys can be milled, and after soft tempering, their elongation at break is above 8% and tensile strength is above 60 MPa. The surface of the Al foil must be homogeneous and free of oil. Optionally, the surface of the aluminium foil can be surface treated (corona, plasma, chemically, primer, washed with solvent MEK). The alloy should be fine grained with small and uniform grain sizes, there should be more than five, preferably seven, grain layers above each other across the thickness.
The so-called support layers are specific plastic layers which, due to their intrinsic stiffness or thickness, reach a tensile strength at break above 200 N/mm.sup.2 in machine and transversal direction, and an elongation/strain at break above 50% in machine and transversal direction. Furthermore, the strain hardening should have a substantially positive slope in the corresponding technical stress/strain curves. The determination of the tensile strength and elongation at break as well as technical stress/strain curves is performed by a (Zwick/Instron) tensile testing machine according to EN ISO 527-3 1995, sample type 2, part 1-6.
The following tables show examples of typical structures according to the invention for top and bottom of peelable double-shell blisters (examples 1 to 6) and tear-open blisters (Examples 7 to 12). The commercial types of the polyurethane adhesives, primer, and coextruded tie layer as well as the support layer and the seal layers are specified below. PP MAH is Orevac.RTM. 18750 from Arkema (MAH=maleic acid anhydride grafted polypropylene) PE MAH is Plexar.RTM. 3243 from Equistar (MAH grafted LLDPE, linear low density polyethylene) PI (polyimide) is Kapton.RTM. from DuPont.TM. oPPS (oriented polyphenylenesulfid) is Torelina .RTM. 3030 from Toray Aramid is Mictron.RTM. from Toray; aramid is aromatic polyamide PVC is Perlalux mono 60 H from Perlen Packaging; PVC is polyvinylchloride Coex film Rayopeel P med.RTM. from Amcor Flexibles Gent-Extrusion with LDPE, LLDPE and PB-1 as peelable component used for medical applications oPA is Honeywell Capran.RTM. Emblem(TM) 2500 (bi-axially oriented film of nylon 6) oPET is Mylar.RTM. 813 from Du Pont (bi-axially oriented film of polyethyleneterephtalate) PETG film is Amcor Flexibles Gent-Extrusion Rayopet G.RTM. film, based on Eastar 6763 from Eastman Peelable PETG film from Amcor Flexibles Gent-Extrusion according to EP2540492 Cast coextruded PP film with a Borealis C2,C4 PP ter-polymer TD215BF (MI=6 and melt temperature=130.degree. C.) sealant layer and a Borealis homo PP HD214C melt index=8 and melt temperature=162.degree. C.) layer, with a layer ratio ter-polymer/homo polymer (1/2) Blown coextruded PE film with a Dex Plastomers C8-based mVLDPE Exact0201FX (density 0.902, melt index=1.1 and melt temperature=96 .degree. C.) sealant layer and an ExxonMobil C4-based LLDPE 1001XV (density 0.918, melt index=1.0 and melt temperatures at 111.degree. C. and 122.degree. C.) layer, with a layer ratio (1/3) Peelable seal lacquer is composed of 5% Dow Ucar.TM. VMCH, 25% Degalan N80 from Evonik and 70% solvent methylethylketone (MEK) Tight seal lacquer is 7% Dow Ucar.TM. VMCH, 18% Evonik Degalan P24 and 75% MEK PU adhesive is Henkel Liofol.RTM. 6800 1.5%, Henkel Liofol.RTM. 3640 75% and 23.5% solvent ethylacetate PU Primer is Luphen.RTM. 700, a water-based polyester PU elastomer dispersion from BASF (The lacquers, primers and adhesives are applied with roller coating, solvent is evaporated in a drying oven). The lamination step of the examples is achieved by extrusion lamination or solvent-based adhesive lamination.
The layer thickness and weight of the various examples is reported in the following tables
TABLE-US-00001 Peelable blister (.mu.m) (g/m.sup.2) (.mu.m) (g/m.sup.2) (.mu.m) (g/m.sup.2) (.mu.m- ) (g/m.sup.2) (.mu.m) Ex. 1 oPA 25 PU adhesive 3 oPA 25 PU adhesive 5 AI 8021B PU adhesive 3 PVC 60 .mu.m 45 soft oPA 15 PU adhesive 3 oPA 25 PU adhesive 5 AI 8021B Peelable seal 45 soft lacquer 5 gsm Ex. 2 oPA 25 PU adhesive 3 oPA 25 PU adhesive 3 AI 8021B Coex coating 70 soft Dow Primacor 3003 (EAA) 5 gsm and Appeel 72D811 (EMA) 10 gsm oPA 25 PU adhesive 3 oPA 25 PU adhesive 3 AI 8021B Coex coating 70 soft Dow Primacor 3003 (EAA) 5 gsm and Appeel 72D811 (EMA) 10 gsm Ex. 3 oPet 23 Extr. coating oPET 23 Extr. coating AI 8021B Extr. coating oPA 15 Extr. coating PPter/PPh PE-MAH 7 PE-MAH 7 45 soft PP-MAH 7 PP-MAH 7 sealant film 30 oPet 23 Extr. coating oPET 23 Extr. coating AI 8021B Extr. coating oPA 15 Extr. coating PPter/PPh PE-MAH 7 PE-MAH 7 45 soft PP-MAH 7 PP-MAH 7 sealant film 25 Ex. 4 oPPS 38 PU adhesive 4 AI 8079 PU adhesive 4 oPPS 38 PU adhesive 3 Peelable 60 soft PETG 35 oPPS 38 PU adhesive 4 AI 8079 PU adhesive 4 oPPS 38 PU adhesive 3 Peelable 60 soft PETG 35 Ex. 5 Aramid 12 PU adhesive + AL 8079 PU Primer + Aramid 12 PU adhesive 3 Rayopeel PU primer 5 80 soft PU adhesive 5 P med 35 Aramid 12 PU adhesive + AL 8079 PU Primer + Aramid 12 PU adhesive 3 Rayopeel PU primer 5 80 soft PU adhesive 5 P med 35 Ex. 6 oPA 25 PU adhesive + AL 8021B PU Primer + oPA 25 PU adhesive 3 Rayopeel PU primer 5 60 soft PU adhesive 5 P med 35 oPA 25 PU adhesive + AL 8021B PU Primer + oPA 25 PU adhesive 3 Rayopeel PU primer 5 60 soft PU adhesive 5 P med 35 Tear Open Blister (.mu.m) (g/m.sup.2) (.mu.m) (g/m.sup.2) (.mu.m) (g/m.sup.2) or (.mu.m) (.mu.m) Ex. 7 oPA 25 PU adh. 3 oPA 25 PU adh. 5 AI 8021B PU adhesive 3 PVC 30 .mu.m soft 40 oPA 15 PU adh. 3 oPA 25 PU adh. 5 AI 8021B Tight sealing lacquer 5 soft 40 Ex. 8 oPA 25 PU adh. 3 oPA 25 PU adh. 3 AI 8021B Ionomer extr. coating soft 45 Du Pont Surlyn 1652 15 gsm oPA 25 PU adh 3 oPA 25 PU adh. 3 AI 8021B soft 45 Ex. 9 oPet 15 PU adh3 oPET 15 PU adh. 5 AI 8021B PU adh. 3 oPET 15 .mu.m PU adh. 3 mVLDPE/C4LLDPE soft 45 sealant film 30 .mu.m oPet 15 PU adh 3 oPET 15 PU adh. 5 AI 8021B PU adh. 3 oPET 15 .mu.m PU adh. 3 mVLDPE/C4LLDPE soft 45 sealant film 30 .mu.m Ex. 10 PI 25 PU adh 4 AI 8079 PU adh. 4 PI 25 PU adh. 3 Rayopet G 35 (polyimid) soft 35 PI 25 PU adh 4 AI 8079 PU adh. 4 PI 25 PU adh. 3 Rayopet G 25 soft 35 Ex. 11 oPA 25 PU adh + AL 8021B PU Primer + oEVOH 15 PU adh. 3 LLDPE Extrusion PU prim. 5 40 soft PU adh. 5 Coating Dow Elite 5811 10 gsm oPA 25 PU adh + AL 8021B PU Primer + oEVOH 15 PU adh. 3 LLDPE Extrusion PU prim. 5 40 soft PU adh. 5 Coating Dow Elite 5811 10 gsm Ex. 12 oPA 25 PU adh + AL 8021B PU Primer + oPA 25 PU adh. 3 Rayopet G 30 PU primer 5 60 soft PU adh. 5 oPA 25 PU adh + AL 8021B PU Primer + oPA 25 PU adh. 3 Rayopet G 30 PU primer 5 60 soft PU adh. 5
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Water vapor Thickness seal layer Seal Cross Type of "Bottom" structure seal "Lid" structure seal transmission (g/m.sup.2/day) (.mu.m) Total WVTR perimeter diffusion blister layer 1 layer 2 Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 1 Layer 2 (g/day) (%)* (%)* Single-shell PA25/AI45/PVC60(IS) AI20/HS7(IS) 0.3 2.8 60 7 0.0376 100 100 blister A Double-shell PA25/PA25/AI60/ PA25/PA25/AI60/ 0.3 0.3 60 60 0.036 54.7 52 blister A PVC60(IS) PVC60(IS) Single-shell PA25/AI45/PE30(IS) AI20/PE15(IS) 0.1 0.1 30 15 0.0045 100 100- blister B Double-shell PA25/PA25/AI45/ PA25/PA25/AI45/ 0.1 0.1 30 30 0.006 54.7 73 blister B PE30(IS) PE30(IS) Single-shell PA25/AI45/PETG35(IS) AI20/HSL7(IS) 0.2 2.8 35 7 0.0266 100 10- 0 blister C Double-shell PA25/PET23/AI60/ PA25/PET23/AI60/ 0.2 0.2 35 35 0.014 54.7 29- blister B PETG35(IS) PETG35(IS) *relative to the single-shell cavity referenced at 100% IS: inside seal HSL: heat-seal lacquer
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Size comparison calculation of single-shell blister with lid and double-shell blister according to the invention Capsule 00 (23.3 mm length and 8.5 mm diameter) cavity cavity rel. cavity rel. cavity rel. cavity rel. cavity area volume gain length width depth volume area to capsule to capsule to capsule to capsule gain factor factor versus concept (mm) (mm) (mm).sup.(1) (cm.sup.3) (mm.sup.2) length width area vol- ume versus FP FP Single-shell blister 39 24.2 9.4 3.7 944 1.67 2.84 4.75 3.16 Double-shell of the 25.4 10.6 4.7 1.4 269 1.09 1.24 1.35 1.20 3.51 2.64 invention Tablet: capsule 00 23.3 8.53 -- 1.17 199 tablet: round 9*3 mm2 cavity cavity rel. cavity rel. cavity rel. cavity area volume gain diameter depth tablet area volume area to tablet to tablet to tablet gain factor factor versus concept (mm) (mm).sup.(1) (mm.sup.2) (cm.sup.3) (mm.sup.2) diameter area v- olume versus FP FP Single-shell blister 14 3.6 0.35 154 1.56 2.42 1.84 Double-shell of the 11 1.8 0.25 95 1.22 1.49 1.32 1.62 1.40 invention Tablet: round 9*3 mm2 9 3 64 0.19 .sup.(1)Forming depth
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