Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101325912B/en
Timestamp: 2019-07-16 18:54:24
Document Index: 589167968

Matched Legal Cases: ['ART0', 'ART0', 'art 10', 'art 24', 'art 24', 'art 24', 'art 200', 'art) 4', 'art 24']

CN101325912B - System and method for visualizing heart morphologyduring electrophysiology mapping and treatment - Google Patents
System and method for visualizing heart morphologyduring electrophysiology mapping and treatment Download PDF
CN101325912B
CN101325912B CN 200680046692 CN200680046692A CN101325912B CN 101325912 B CN101325912 B CN 101325912B CN 200680046692 CN200680046692 CN 200680046692 CN 200680046692 A CN200680046692 A CN 200680046692A CN 101325912 B CN101325912 B CN 101325912B
CN 200680046692
CN101325912A (en
2005-12-15 Priority to US60/750,755 priority
2006-12-08 Application filed by 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 filed Critical 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司
2008-12-17 Publication of CN101325912A publication Critical patent/CN101325912A/en
2011-01-12 Publication of CN101325912B publication Critical patent/CN101325912B/en
Systems and methods for facilitating visual detection of one or more catheter tips in relation to the morphology of an anatomical structure - in real-time - are provided. The disclosed systems and methods are particularly useful for locating reference catheters relative to heart tissue using an automated navigation support that draws upon prominent image features that are visible in the x-ray fluoroscopy images. According to exemplary embodiments, prominent features include one or more catheter tips of reference catheter(s) that are typically placed at known standard positions in relation to the anatomical structures. Based on the noted prominent features, the systems and methods of the present disclosure are effective in achieving alignment of the anatomical structures, e.g., the heart morphology, with the interventional devices, e.g., ablation catheter(s) introduced by the physician, and generating a fused or overlaid image. Advantageous computer software products are also disclosed.
用于在电生理标测和治疗期间显现心脏形态的系统和方法 Systems and methods for morphological appearance during cardiac electrophysiology mapping and treatment
[0001] 本公开的内容通常涉及一种方法、系统及计算机软件产品，用于为了在心动过速的治疗中识别标测（mapping)和/或消融导管（例如）相对于患者心脏形态的位置，而在电生理期间显现心脏形态，以实时地识别导管相对于心脏组织上的各点的位置。 [0001] The present disclosure relates generally to a method, system and computer software product used in a position to identify mapping (Mapping) and / or ablation catheter (e.g.) relative to the heart morphology of a patient tachycardia therapy , and during electrophysiological cardiac morphology appeared to identify in real-time catheter position with respect to each point on the cardiac tissue.
[0002] 心动过速可由电脉冲的异常传导造成，其中脉冲并不遵循其生理路径而创建例如从一个心室回到心房的反馈回路（折返性心动过速），或者可由一个心室中（例如，在疤痕组织周围）或一个心房中的非生理循环传导路径造成，从而导致心率过快。 [0002] tachycardia abnormal conduction caused by the electric pulse, wherein the pulse does not follow its path created e.g. physiological feedback loop back to the atrium (reentry tachycardia) from a ventricle, the ventricle or may be a (e.g., around) or a non-physiological circulating atrium conduction path caused by scar tissue, resulting in rapid heart rate. 为了阻滞折返性心动过速或异常传导路径，通常需要环状或线性消融，而且需要消除消融路径的间隙。 In order to block reentry tachycardia or abnormal conduction path, typically cyclic or linear ablation needed, and the need to eliminate the gap ablation path.
[0003] 心律失常的电生理（EP)诊断和治疗引起越来越高的临床关注度。 [0003] arrhythmia electrophysiology (EP) diagnosis and treatment lead to higher and higher degree of clinical concern. 心动过速（脉搏率的不规则增加并伴有不规律的心跳配置）需要治疗，这是因为心动过速已被确定为诱发高风险脑卒中和心脏梗死的小血凝固的主要来源。 Tachycardia (irregular pulse rate increases associated with irregular heartbeat and configuration) in need of treatment, because the tachycardia has been identified as a major source of inducing high risk of stroke and cardiac infarction small blood coagulation. 心动过速的来源可以是异位（局部患病的心脏组织产生虚假脉冲）或者是由于折返性传导，在折返性传导中点脉冲并不遵循其生理路径而创建寄生的反馈回路，这导致病理学上的心率过快。 Source may be ectopic tachycardia (locally diseased heart tissue to produce spurious pulses) or due to reentry conduction in reentrant conduction midpoint of the pulse does not follow the path created parasitic physiological feedback loop, which leads to disease rapid heart rate on Science.
[0004] 心脏标测用于定位心脏内异常的电路径和电流，以及诊断心脏活动的机械及其他方面。 [0004] cardiac mapping abnormal electrical path for the current and the positioning of the heart, and the diagnosis of cardiac activity and other machinery. 已经描述出用于标测心脏的各种方法和设备。 Various methods have been described and apparatus for mapping the heart. 射频（RF)消融用于通过消融和杀死心脏组织以便创建破坏导致心律失常的异常电路径的非传导损伤来治疗心律失常。 Radio frequency (RF) ablation is used to create damage leading to non-abnormal electrical conduction path of arrhythmia damage to the treatment of arrhythmia by ablating and killing cardiac tissue. 在RF 消融中，在消融导管的尖端处导引热量以在心肌中造成损伤。 In RF ablation, resulting in damage to the myocardium at the tip of the ablation catheter introducer of heat. 这样经消融的疤痕组织不能再产生或传送电脉冲。 Such can not produce or deliver electrical pulses through scar tissue ablation. 局部消融破坏不规则的局部来源，而需要环状或线性消融以阻滞折返性心动过速。 Local ablation damage irregular local sources, cyclic or linear ablation is required to block reentry tachycardia.
[0005] 图1描绘了通常称为定位器信息的卡通图像，其涉及患者心脏24左心房的消融过程。 [0005] Figure 1 depicts a commonly referred to as a cartoon image locator information that relates to a patient's heart during an ablation of the left atrium 24. 穿过心脏组织并形成环的线指示出医生打算进行消融引起的阻滞的位置。 Through the heart tissue to form a ring line block indicates the doctor intends to position the ablation caused.
[0006] 在电生理（EP)过程中，通常难于识别标测和/或消融导管相对于患者心脏形态的位置。 [0006] electrophysiological (EP) process, it is often difficult to identify mapping and / or ablation catheter with respect to the position of the patient's heart morphology. 在当前最先进的技术中，医生根据通过模糊的心脏阴影或根据在X射线投影图像上可见的参考导管的位置来判断心脏相对于各导管的位置。 In the most advanced technology, the physician through the heart in accordance with the position or blurring shadows visible on the X-ray projection images to determine a reference cardiac catheter relative position of each catheter. 或者，医生可以使用定位器系统(例如，来自Biosense Webster的CART0、来自Ensight的NavX等），该定位器系统建立导管到某参考坐标系统的联系，但是对于患者的解剖结构来说并不是必须的。 Alternatively, the physician may use positioning system (e.g., from Biosense Webster's CART0, from the Ensight NavX etc.), catheter system establishes a link to the reference coordinate system of the positioner, but for the patient's anatomy is not required by . 即使用导管上的定位器，医生常常使用透视以努力验证通过定位器系统提供的估算位置。 I.e. using the positioning on the catheter, the doctor is often used in an effort to verify the estimated position of the perspective provided by the positioning system.
[0007] 已经提出在X射线透视图像上叠加分割的心脏解剖轮廓来指示（各）导管的估算位置。 [0007] The heart is superimposed on the X-ray fluoroscopic image segmentation has been proposed anatomical contours indicate (s) the estimated position of the catheter. 但是，心脏的运动（例如，基于间歇/周期的心脏收缩）使得难于可靠或精确地将来自预介入（pre-interventional)图像数据的患者形态叠加在透视图像上。 However, the motion of the heart (e.g., based on systolic intermittent / periodic) makes it difficult to reliably or accurately pre-intervention from the patient morphology (pre-interventional) is superimposed on the image data of the fluoroscopic image. 此外，心脏还(例如）基于膈肌的压力相对于胸腔移动。 In addition, the heart further (e.g.) based on the chest diaphragm with respect to a pressure movement. 因此，心脏形态在透视图像上的未补偿叠加很可能产生该预介入体积与（不可见的）心脏的实际位置的不良和/或不可靠对准。 Accordingly, uncompensated heart shape superimposed on a fluoroscopic image is likely to generate the pre-interventional volume (not visible) is poor and / or unreliable aligned with the actual position of the heart.
[0008] 因此，人们希望提供一种方法和/或系统，用于补偿心脏的运动并且将心脏解剖轮廓叠加在（各）X射线透视图像上，以促进临床过程和/或诊断，例如，为医生指示导管的位置。 [0008] Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a method and / or system for compensating for motion of the heart and the cardiac anatomy superimposed on the contour of X-ray fluoroscopic image (s) to facilitate clinical procedures and / or diagnosis, e.g., as Doctor indicates position of the catheter. 人们尤其希望将分割的心脏解剖轮廓叠加在（各）x射线透视图像上以促进临床过程和/或诊断。 It is particularly desirable to divide the contour superimposed on the heart anatomy ray fluoroscopic image (s) x to facilitate clinical procedures and / or diagnosis.
[0009] 正如本文所阐述的，本公开了使用自动导航支持促进了对导管尖端与心脏组织形 [0009] As set forth herein, the present disclosure using automatic navigation support for promoting cardiac tissue and the catheter tip shape
3态的视觉检测，该自动导航支持使用了在X射线透视图像中可见的显著图像特征。 Visual inspection of the state 3, the use of automatic navigation support significant image features in the visible in the X-ray fluoroscopic image. 根据本公开的各示例性实施例，可能有用的显著特征包括（各）参考导管的一个或多个导管尖端， 其放置在与心脏形态相关的已知标准位置。 According to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be useful to include a significant feature (s) with reference to one or more of the catheter tip of a catheter, which is placed in a position relative to the known standard cardiac morphology. 基于所注释的显著特征，本所公开的系统和方法在用介入设备（例如，由医生插入的消融导管）实现解剖结构（例如，心脏形态）的对准过程中是有效的。 Based on the salient features of the annotation, the system and method of the present disclosure is effective to achieve the alignment process anatomical structure (e.g., heart morphology) with an interventional device (e.g., an ablation catheter is inserted by a physician) in.
[0010] 本所公开的系统和方法可以有利地用于电生理介入中，其通常发生在透视X射线控制下的导管插入实验室（Cathlab)中。 [0010] The present disclosed systems and methods may advantageously be used for electrophysiological interventions, which typically occurs under fluoroscopic X-ray control catheterization laboratory (Cathlab) in. 本公开的系统和方法特别用于心脏病的应用，包括心脏组织的标测和/或消融。 The system and method disclosed herein are particularly useful for applications of heart disease, including mapping and / or ablation of heart tissue. 通过精确和可靠地将心脏形态叠加在实时的透视图像上， 医生/临床医生意识到几点临床优势，例如，降低了花费在对不完全的环状和线性消融进行试验和误差纠正以治疗折返性心动过速的时间/努力的量。 By accurately and reliably form the heart is superimposed on the fluoroscopic image in real time, the doctor / clinician appreciated that several clinical advantages, e.g., reduced the cost of the incomplete cyclic and linear ablation trial and error correction to treat reentry tachycardia time / amount of effort.
[0011] 与本公开的方法、系统和计算机软件产品相关的附加特征、功能和优势将从后面的说明书中，尤其是在结合附图进行审阅时变得明显。 [0011] The method of the present disclosure, additional features of the system and the computer software products, features, and advantages from the description which follows, particularly when reviewed become apparent in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0012] 为了帮助本领域普通技术人员制造和使用本公开的方法、系统和计算机软件产品，请参照附图，在附图中： [0012] To assist those of ordinary skill in making and using the present disclosure, systems and computer software products, refer to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0013] 图1描绘出在患者心脏左心房的所谓卡通图像上的预期消融路径； [0013] Figure 1 depicts an expected ablation path in a so-called cartoon image of the left atrium of a patient's heart;
[0014] 图2是根据本公开示例性实施例的用于在心脏中实时标测心脏消融治疗的系统的示意图； [0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment according to the present embodiment disclosed in the heart of the real-time mapping of cardiac ablation treatment system;
[0015] 图3是根据本公开示例性实施例的用于图2系统的示例性导管的末梢部分的示意图； [0015] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the distal portion of an exemplary catheter system of Figure 2 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0016] 图4是根据公开示例性实施例的示意性地示出用于确定识别导管相对于患者的感兴趣区域（例如，心脏的腔室）的位置的方法的流程图； [0016] FIG. 4 is a schematic exemplary embodiments disclosed exemplary embodiment of a flow chart illustrating a method for determining the identify of the catheter relative to the patient's region of interest (e.g., chamber of the heart) position;
[0017] 图5示出了具有相对于患者的解剖结构放置的多个导管尖端的X射线透视图像的可视化；以及 [0017] FIG. 5 shows a visualization of the tip with respect to a plurality of X-ray fluoroscopic image of a catheter placed in the patient's anatomy; and
[0018] 图6示出了根据本公开示例性实施例的叠加在X射线透视图像上的变换预介入体积的融合可视化，其在视觉上相对于心脏组织定位出导管尖端。 [0018] FIG 6 shows a pre-interventional volume visualization fusion superposition exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure transform the X-ray fluoroscopic image, which for cardiac tissue visually locate the catheter tip relative.
[0019] 首先参照图2，根据本公开的一个示例性实施例提供了与临床活诊断过程，例如， 受试者25心脏24的心脏消融治疗相结合进行实时标测的标测系统10的示意图。 [0019] Referring first to FIG 2, a viable clinical diagnostic process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, e.g., mapping system schematic diagram combining treatment in real time mapping of the heart 10 heart 24 of a subject 25 ablation . 系统10 包括至少一个介入设备，例如，细长的标测探针，优选的是导管30，其由用户22通过受试者的静脉或者动脉插入到期望的临床/解剖的位置，例如，心脏的腔室（可以是左或右心室或心房）。 The system 10 includes at least one interventional device, e.g., an elongated mapping probe, preferably a catheter 30, which is inserted by a user 22 through a vein or artery of the subject into the desired clinical / anatomical location, e.g., heart chamber (may be left or right ventricle or atrium). 导管导入技术是本领域技术人员所公知的。 Catheter introducer art techniques are well known in the art.
[0020] 图3是示出示例性导管30的远端部分的示意图。 [0020] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the distal end portion of an exemplary catheter 30. 如前所述，导管通过患者的静脉系统以插入/定位在心脏24中。 As previously described, the patient's venous system through a catheter for insertion / 24 positioned in the heart. 导管30优选地包括至少一个位置传感器40、尖端电极48 和一个或多个温度传感器49，所有这些优选固定在或接近导管的远侧尖端44。 Catheter 30 preferably includes at least one position sensor 40, tip electrode 48 and one or more temperature sensors 49, all of which preferably fixed at or near the distal tip of the catheter 44. 温度传感器49例如可以包括一个或多个热电偶和/或热敏电阻。 The temperature sensor 49 may include one or more thermocouples and / or thermistors. 位置传感器40通常产生或接收信号， 该信号用于确定导管40在患者解剖结构中，例如在心脏的腔室中的位置和取向。 The position sensor 40 typically produces or receives a signal 40 for determining the patient's anatomy, such as the position and orientation of the catheter in the heart chamber.
[0021 ] 在示例性导管30中，尖端电极48通常配置成向心脏24施加电信号以消融心脏组织，并且还可优选配置用于诊断目的，例如心脏标测。 [0021] In the exemplary catheter 30, the tip electrode 48 is generally configured to apply electrical signals to heart 24 for ablating cardiac tissue, and may also preferably configured for diagnostic purposes such as cardiac mapping. 或者，为了诊断目的和消融心脏组织可以设置分立的电极。 Alternatively, for diagnostic purposes and ablating cardiac tissue may be provided a separate electrode. 根据本公开的示例性实施例，可以在位置传感器40、远侧尖端44和尖端电极48之间建立固定的位置和取向关系。 The disclosure of the present exemplary embodiment, may establish a fixed relationship between the position and orientation of the position sensor 40, distal tip 44 and tip electrode 48. 任选地，导管30还可以包括至少一个附加的位置传感器（未示出）和/或射线透不过的标记（参见图5中的点（element) 308)，以识别分开的导管并确认它们在X射线投影图像上的位置和取向，如本文所描述的。 Optionally, the catheter 30 may further comprise at least one additional position sensor (not shown) and / or a radiopaque marker (see Fig. 5 points (element) 308), to identify and confirm them separately in the conduit position and orientation of the X-ray projection images, as described herein.
[0022] 进一步参照图2，本公开的一个示例性实施中，标测系统10包括显示监视器52、成像系统39和控制台20。 [0022] With further reference to FIG. 2, an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the mapping system 10 includes a display monitor 52, the imaging system 39 and console 20. 定位系统控制单元36、消融功率发生器38、接线盒32、心电图（ECG) 记录和/或监测系统34及计算机50典型地包括在系统10中，例如，（整体或部分地)与控制台20结合。 Location system control unit 36, an ablation power generator 38, a junction box 32, an electrocardiogram (ECG) recording and / or monitoring system 34 and the computer 50 is typically included in the system 10, e.g., (in whole or in part) with the console 20 combined. 计算机50通常包括适当的处理能力和/或信号处理电路，其适于执行本文所描述的处理功能。 The computer 50 typically includes suitable processing capabilities and / or a signal processing circuit adapted to perform the processing functions described herein. 虽然人们可以预见的是计算机50将执行本地所必需的处理功能， 但是还可以预见到可以采用诸如内联网、外联网等的网络计算机系统，以访问处理能力和/ 或编程和/或数据相关的资源。 While it is contemplated that the computer 50 performs the processing function of local necessary, but may also be contemplated such as an intranet, an extranet network computer system may be employed to access processing capability and / or programming and / or data related to resources.
[0023] 因而，根据本公开的各示例性实施例，计算机50与软件和/或硬件一起编程以执行本文所描述的处理功能和通信。 [0023] Accordingly, various exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosed embodiment, computer 50 with software and / or hardware to perform programmed together, and a communication processing function described herein. 例如，软件可以电子的形式以从网络上下载到计算机，或者，这类软件设置在有形介质上，例如磁或光学介质或者其他非易失性存储器，以供与计算机50相连的（各）处理单元进行存取和/或使用。 For example, software may be downloaded in electronic form from the network to the computer, or such software is provided on a tangible medium, such as magnetic or optical media or other non-volatile memory, for (each of) the processing unit connected to the computer 50 access and / or use. 在一些实施例中，计算机50采取通用计算机的形式。 In some embodiments, the computer 50 takes the form of a general purpose computer.
[0024] 在系统10的示例性实施例中，接线盒32优选地（a)将来自导管30的导线和温度传感器信号路由到消融功率发生器38，(b)将来自导管30的传感器40的定位传感器信息路由到定位系统控制单元36，（c)将由尖端电极48产生的诊断电极信号路由到ECG监视器34。 [0024] In an exemplary embodiment of the system 10, preferably the junction box 32 (a) and the temperature sensor wires from the conduit 30 to the signal routing ablation power generator 38, (b) from the sensor 40 of catheter 30 positioning sensor information is routed to the location system control unit 36, the diagnostic electrode signals route (c) generated by tip electrode 48 to ECG monitor 34. 替代或附加地，接线盒32可以将这些信号中的一个或多个直接路由到计算机50 (并且可扩展地路由到相关的网络）。 Alternatively or additionally, junction box 32 the signals may be one or more direct route to the computer 50 (and can be extended to the relevant route network). ECG监视器34也优选进行耦合以接收来自一个或多个身体表面电极的信号，从而将ECG同步信号提供给与计算机相关的（各）处理单元。 ECG monitor 34 is preferably also coupled to receive signals from one or more body surface electrodes, so as to provide an ECG synchronization signal to give a computer-related (s) processing units.
[0025] 成像系统39进一步可操作地连接到计算机50，以供接收和处理来自成像系统39 的图像（或成像信号）。 [0025] The imaging system 39 is further operably connected to the computer 50, for receiving and processing an image (or image signal) from the imaging system 39. 在一个示例性实施例中，成像系统39是X射线透视系统。 In one exemplary embodiment, the imaging system 39 is an X-ray fluoroscopy system. 不过， 可以预见到根据本公开的系统和方法可以使用其他成像模式，包括但不局限于MRI、超音波心动描记、CT、或者任何其他可适于提供瞬时图像的模式，所述瞬时图像捕获介入设备（例如，导管）的当前位置以及相关的（各）解剖结构，例如，心脏组织。 However, it is contemplated to other imaging modes may be used according to the present disclosed systems and methods, including, but not limited to, MRI, echocardiography ultrasound, CT, or any other pattern adapted to provide instantaneous images, the image capturing instantaneous interventional the current location of the device (e.g., catheters) and the associated (s) of an anatomical structure, e.g., heart tissue.
[0026] 定位系统11通常与本公开的系统相连，并且一般包括一组外部辐射器28、导管30 的位置传感器40和定位系统控制单元36。 [0026] The positioning system 11 is generally connected to the systems of the present disclosure, and generally comprises a set of external radiators 28, position sensor 30 of catheter 40 and location system control unit 36. 正如对于本领域技术人员而言应当是显而易见的，可以采用一个或多个附加的位置传感器，并且这样的（各）附加位置传感器也通常与定位系统11进行通信。 As those skilled in the art should be apparent, it may employ one or more additional position sensors, and such (respective) additional position sensor is also typically in communication with the positioning system 11. 外部辐射器28 —般定位在受试者25外部的各自位置，并产生由位置传感器40感测的场，例如电磁场。 Of external radiators 28 - 25 generally positioned at respective positions outside the subject and is generated by the position sensor 40 senses the field, for example, an electromagnetic field. 因而，位置传感器40有利地用于检测辐射器28所产生的场，并且基于感测到的磁场数据，便于定位系统控制单元36计算位置传感器40的位置坐标。 Thus, the position sensor 40 is advantageously used for detecting the field generated by the radiator 28, and the magnetic field based on the sensed data to locate the system control unit 36 ​​calculates the position coordinates of the position sensor 40. 或者，位置传感器40可以配置并用于产生反过来由外部辐射器28探测的场。 Alternatively, the position sensor 40 may be configured and in turn used to produce the radiation detected by the external field 28.
[0027] 对于本公开的系统和方法的一些示例性应用，通常在附着于受试者体外的外部应用的参考片上，或者在内部放置的导管上的参考位置传感器维持在一般相对于解剖结构(例如，心脏24)的固定位置。 [0027] For some applications of the present exemplary system and method disclosed herein, typically on the reference sheet is adhered to the external application of the subject's body, or a reference position sensor is placed on the inner catheter is maintained with respect to the general anatomy ( For example, heart 24) in a fixed position. 通过将导管30的位置与参考导管的位置进行比较，能够相对于解剖结构（例如，心脏）精确确定导管30的坐标，而不管该解剖结构的可能相对运动。 By comparing the position of catheter 30 and reference catheter, the coordinates of catheter 30 can be accurately determined with respect to anatomical structures (e.g., heart), despite possible relative movement of the anatomical structure. 事实上，在本公开的示例性实施例中，ECG 34和附加的呼吸传感器用以产生用于产生心跳和呼吸运动补偿的数据，后面将对此做出更加详细地描述。 In fact, in the present exemplary embodiment of the disclosed embodiment, ECG 34 and an additional respiration sensor to generate data for generating heartbeat and respiration motion compensation, which will be made later described in more detail.
[0028] 定位系统控制单元36接收来自位置传感器40 (或者当位置传感器40产生能量场时来自外部辐射器28)的信号，计算传感器40和导管30的定位，并且向计算机50传输定位信息和与定位信息有关的能量剂量信息（接收自消融功率发生器38，后面将对此做出描述）。 [0028] The location system control unit 36 ​​receives 40 (or when position sensor 40 generates the energy field from the external radiator 28) signal from the position sensor, calculating a position sensor 40 and conduit 30, and the positioning information to transmit the computer 50 and a energy dose information location information (received from ablation power generator 38, which will be made later described). 定位系统控制单元36优选地在临床或诊断过程中本质上不断地产生并传输定位信息(和能量剂量信息）。 Location system control unit 36 ​​is preferably in a clinical or diagnostic procedure continuously generates and transmits location information (and energy dose information) in nature.
[0029] 消融功率发生器38优选地产生尖端电极48所使用的功率以执行消融。 [0029] Ablation power generator 38 preferably generates power used by tip electrode 48 to perform ablation. 优选地， 消融功率发生器产生RF功率以执行RF消融。 Preferably, the ablation power generator generates RF power for performing RF ablation. 替代或附加地，消融功率发生器借助于其他消融技术，例如激光消融或者超声波消融来引起消融。 Alternatively or additionally, the ablation power generator by means of other ablation techniques, such as laser ablation or ultrasound ablation induced ablation. 优选地，应用适当地反馈技术以便于识别心脏标测上根本不适合的消融区域，后面将对此进行更全面的讨论。 Preferably, the application technique in order to appropriately identify the feedback cardiac mapping is not suitable for the ablation region, as will later more fully discussed.
[0030] 根据本公开的示例性实施例，消融功率发生器38包括反馈系统，其能够提供适当的电流水平以将尖端维持在大约50°C到大约65°C间的恒定温度。 [0030] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, ablation power generator 38 includes a feedback system, which can provide adequate current level to maintain the tip at approximately 50 ° C and a constant temperature between about 65 ° C. 消融功率发生器38通常例如通过串行通信线路向计算机50传输电流信息，该电流信息涉及用以维持恒定尖端温度所需的电流。 Typically the ablation power generator 38, for example, information relating to the current required to maintain a constant current to the temperature of the tip 50 transmit current information computer through a serial communication line. 消融功率发生器优选地在本质上不断的基础上测量和传输持续的电流水平，即，用以将消融尖端维持在期望温度范围内所必需的电流水平。 The ablation power generator preferably measured continuously in nature and transmission duration based on the current level, i.e., to maintain the current level of the tip of the ablation within a desired temperature range required.
[0031] 或者，根据本公开可以使用在先前心脏过程中所生成的心脏标测。 [0031] Alternatively, according to the present disclosure may be used in a previous cardiac mapping generated during the heart. 在一个示例性实施例中，从另一个源，例如成像模式（例如，透视、MRI、超音波心动描记、CT、或正电子发射断层摄影（PET))中采集适于患者心脏解剖的心脏标测，并且可以将导管的定位显现在变换后的预介入数据体积集的图像上，该图像定义出用实时X射线图像融合/叠加的心脏标测，后面将对此进行更全面的讨论。 In one exemplary embodiment, from another source, such as an imaging mode (e.g., fluoroscopy, MRI, echocardiography ultrasound, CT, or positron emission tomography (the PET)) collected from a patient's heart suitable for standard cardiac anatomy measured, and the positioning of the catheter may be visualized cardiac mapping on the converted image in the pre-interventional data volume set, the image defining a real-time X-ray image by fusion / superposition, as will later more fully discussed.
[0032] 图4是根据本公开的示例性实施例的一个流程图200，其示意性示出一种在临床或诊断过程（例如，EP过程）中确定导管相对于患者感兴趣区域（例如，心脏形态）的位置的方法。 [0032] FIG. 4 is a flowchart 200 of an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed embodiments, which schematically illustrates a clinical or diagnostic procedures (e.g., EP process) is determined relative to the region of interest of the patient conduit (e.g., the method of cardiac morphology) position. 在块210中，将对应于多个参考导管的各导管尖端44中的每一个放置在例如相对于心脏组织的已知解剖位置。 In block 210, corresponding to each of the plurality of reference catheter tip 44 to the catheter placed in each anatomical location, for example, the known relative to the heart tissue. 在心脏病的应用中，各参考导管的导管尖端44 一般放置在心脏内的已知标准位置，以使这些尖端44在透视图像中是可见的。 Application of the heart, each of reference catheter 44 is generally disposed catheter tip within the heart known standard position, so that the tip 44 in the fluoroscopic image is visible. 在块220中首先进行体积与解剖结构，例如（不可见的）心脏的对准，其中在预介入数据体积（一次）中识别多个参考导管尖端44中每一个的各自位置。 In block 220 in the first volume of anatomy, for example, (not visible) aligned with the heart, wherein identifying the plurality of reference catheter tips 44 of each of the respective positions of the pre-interventional data volume (a) of. 预介入数据体积源自先前例如基于3D CT扫描或者MRI成像程序采集的图像。 Pre-interventional data volume is derived from the previous image based 3D CT scans or MRI imaging procedure, for example, acquired.
[0033] 在对X射线透视图像进行简单预处理（通过形态滤波或者最大减少滑动时间(sliding time maximum subtraction)来进行背景去除）之后，使预处理的图像与代表导管顶端44和附近定位的标记的滤波器相互关联。 [0033] After the X-ray fluoroscopic image simple pretreatment (background removal is performed by morphological filtering or maximum time reduce the sliding (sliding time maximum subtraction)), to make preprocessed image representing the tip of the catheter 44 and positioned near the mark filter interrelated. 这一滤波器可以根据先验知识进行选择或者从未受干扰的导管“纯粹'”X射线投影图像中导出，该图像是在进行感兴趣介入之前采集的。 This filter can be selected or conduit never interfered priori knowledge "pure '" X-ray projection images derived, the image is acquired prior to the intervention of interest. 关联结果的局部极大值被认为是标记和尖端的候选。 Local maximum correlation result value is considered to be a candidate tag and tip.
[0034] 由于尖端44和标记一般排成一条线，因此所有既没有分开太远（例如，不属于一个标记线）也没有靠得太近（例如，由于透视显示缩短而造成的不稳定估算）的候选对为Hough变换，这意味着两个候选相应的线表示在Hough域中。 [0034] Since the marker tip 44 is generally arranged in a line and, therefore neither all too far apart (e.g., not a tag line) nor too close together (e.g., due to the instability caused by shortened through display estimated) It indicates the candidate for the Hough transform for the Hough domain, which means that the corresponding two candidate lines. 在Hough域中的各个条目(entry)形成环状分布聚类，其允许对基本在同一位置上有不同取向的两条标记线之间进行辨别。 An annular distribution of clusters in each entry (entry) Hough domain, which allows the two marked lines between differently oriented in substantially the same position for discrimination.
[0035] 一般使用k均值算法进行Hough域中的聚类，但是也可以使用教科书中的其他聚类方法进行。 [0035] The general use of k-means algorithm of clustering Hough domain, but may also be used in the texts of other clustering methods. 一旦对聚类进行了识别，就对形成一条线的各候选的端点进行识别并就其各向同性（isotropy)进行测试。 Once clusters have been identified, each candidate endpoint forming a line are identified and tested for its isotropic (isotropy). 导管尖端44与导管的第一标记相比有更多的各向异性，因此可以容易地进行识别。 The catheter tip 44 of the first conduit more marked anisotropy compared, it can be easily identified. 替代或除此之外，从先前的各图像中可以传播线的取向和尖端44 的相对位置。 Alternatively or in addition, each image from the previous and may be oriented relative position of the tip 44 of the propagating line.
[0036] 在块230中，将参考导管尖端44的位置进行分割并针对其在X射线透视帧图像(实时）中的各自位置分配坐标。 [0036] In block 230, the reference position of the catheter tip 44 is divided and allocated for each coordinate position in the X-ray fluoroscopy frame image (real time) in. 使用有注解的模型对预介入体积数据集（例如，来自先前的MRI或CT成像程序）进行分割。 Annotated model using the pre-interventional data volume set (e.g., from a previous MRI or CT imaging procedure) is divided. 这些注解包含各参考导管的所有公共位置。 These annotations include all common positions of the reference catheter. 在分割的过程中，使该模型变形以匹配测得的数据，并且将这些有注解的点自动移动到患者数据集中的各自位置。 In the segmentation process, so that the deformation of the model to match the measured data, and these points have annotations is automatically moved to the respective positions of the patient data set. 或者，可以由医生、临床医生或其他临床人员在体积数据集中标记出靶向参考导管的位置。 Alternatively, the marker may be concentrated by a physician, clinician, or other clinical personnel in the targeted volume data reference catheter location.
[0037] 在块240中，计算几何变换，其以如下的方式对各参考导管尖端44来自3D坐标的各自位置进行变换，所述方式使得通过体积的投影将3D坐标变换到与透视帧（实时）的2D 坐标相匹配的2D坐标。 [0037] In block 240, the geometric transformation is calculated, which is converted to the respective positions of the catheter tip 44 from the reference 3D coordinates in the following manner, by the way that the volume of the projected 3D coordinate transformation and perspective to the frame (real-time ) 2D coordinate in the 2D coordinate match. 该原理的简便快速实现依赖于如下条件，即只有患者解剖结构（例如，心脏形态）的一个静态分割结果的刚性变换可以匹配估算的参考导管位置。 Simple and fast implementation of the principle relies on the condition that only one static segmentation result of the patient anatomy (e.g., heart morphology) can match the rigidity converting the estimated position of the reference catheter. 为了避免由于解剖结构运动，例如基于心跳运动而造成的伪影，对导管运动进行低通滤波。 In order to avoid motion artifacts due to the anatomical structure, for example based on movement caused by the heartbeat, for low pass filtering the conduit motion.
[0038] 更精细的方案可以使用源自解剖结构（例如，不同收缩状态下的心脏）的若干重建的解剖结构(例如，心脏)的4D(例如，3D+时间）模式。 [0038] using a more elaborate scheme can be reconstructed from a plurality of anatomy anatomical structure (e.g., in different heart contracted state) (e.g., heart) 4D (e.g., 3D + time) mode. 在这种情况下，ECG信号给出正确的收缩状态，然后使用刚性变换对各个模型进行拟合。 In this case, the ECG signal gives the correct contracted state, then a rigid transform each model fit.
[0039] 在块250中，在监视器52上显示透视帧和变换后的预介入数据体积的融合或叠加图像。 [0039] At block 250, the monitor 52 displays a perspective view on a pre-interventional data volume after conversion and the frame fused or superimposed image. 以这种方式，用户、临床医生和/或介入医生22可以验证感兴趣的导管相对于患者解剖结构（例如，2D心脏形态）的定位，而不是使其位置与定位器系统所使用的某些坐标系统产生关联。 In this manner, the user, the clinician and / or physician intervention may verify the conduit 22 of interest relative to the patient anatomy (eg, 2D shape of the heart) is positioned, its position instead of the positioning system used in certain associate the coordinate system. 可以将融合或叠加的图像数据打印出、存储到盘片上、或者以其他方式进行保存以供未来由医院人员在适当情况时进行参考。 May be fused or superimposed image data to be printed out, stored onto the disk, or otherwise saved for future reference when appropriate, by the hospital staff.
[0040] 在本公开的各示例性实施例中，将分割的心脏解剖轮廓叠加在X射线透视图像上，以为用户、临床医生或者介入医生22提供在何处相对于患者解剖结构（例如，心脏）定位感兴趣的导管的较好指示。 [0040] In various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the divided outline is superimposed on the heart anatomy ray fluoroscopic image X, that user, clinician, or physician intervention where 22 provided with respect to the patient's anatomy (e.g., heart ) positioning of the catheter of interest is preferably indicated. 图5是在利用透视图像300叠加或融合分割的心脏解剖轮廓之前的透视图像300。 FIG 5 is a perspective view before the heart using the image 300 is superimposed or fused segmented anatomical contour fluoroscopic image 300. 图像300示出了接近心脏24附着于患者皮肤的多个ECG导线302。 300 shows the image close to the heart 24 attached to the patient's skin 302 of a plurality of ECG leads. 位于一个心房中的参考EP导管304是三个可见导管306中的中间一个，即，黑色的弯曲结构。 Atrium in a reference EP catheter 304 is visible three intermediate conduits 306 a, i.e., black curved structure. 该导管304放置在解剖标志，例如冠状窦处。 The conduit 304 is placed at anatomical landmarks, such as the coronary sinus. 较低的EP导管306似乎位于靠近顶点的左心室。 EP catheter 306 appears to lower the left ventricle near the apex is located. 在该导管上，很容易看见射线透不过的标记环308。 In the catheter, it is easy to see a radiopaque marker band 308. 如图所示，上面的导管306位于心脏的一个心房中。 As shown, the conduit 306 is located above an atrium of the heart. 将肺与腹部器官分开的膈肌310可在图像300的右下侧看见，并且是用以确定呼吸摄入的深度的可能来源，其使得心脏沿着定义了患者身体的纵轴移动。 The lung and abdominal organs, the diaphragm 310 may be separate from the lower right side of the visible image 300, and is a possible source to determine the depth of respiration intake, which makes the heart a longitudinal axis defined along the patient's body. 图像300示出了从明亮的肺部组织到较暗的腹部组织的弧形过渡。 300 shows the image from bright lung tissue to darker abdominal tissue arcuate transition. 此外，图像300描绘了脊骨和一些肋骨，但这些并不是本公开目的的兴趣所在。 In addition, the image 300 depicts a spine and a few ribs, but these are not interested in where the purpose of the disclosure.
[0041] 通过使用掩模叠加，即变换后的预介入数据体积和实时采集的X射线透视图像的混合，能够以这样的方式呈现导管相对于心脏形态的当前位置，使得通过心脏解剖的实时图像引导导管到感兴趣区域的引导，因此可容易地实现。 [0041] By using the mask overlay, i.e., pre-intervention mixed X-ray fluoroscopic image and the real-time collection of data volume after conversion, can assume the current position of the catheter relative to the heart shape in such a way that the real-time image through the heart anatomy guide catheter to the guide region of interest, and therefore can be easily achieved. 因而，参照图6，提供了心脏形态602叠加在透视图像604上的示例性融合或叠加图像600。 Thus, referring to FIG. 6, a heart shape 602 superimposed on the fluoroscopic image 604 of an exemplary image 600 is superimposed or fused. 正如从图6的示例性融合或叠加图像600中显而易见的，临床医生或者其他系统用户获得了更好的装备以在获得由本公开的系统和方法提供的组合的透视和解剖图像时，执行临床和/或诊断过程。 As apparent from the exemplary fused or superimposed image 600 of Figure 6, a clinician or other system user to obtain better equipped to when obtaining a perspective and anatomical images provided by the present systems and methods disclosed herein in combination, perform clinical and / or diagnostic procedures.
[0042] 再次参照图2，本发明的一个提议实施例包括集成到工作站或控制台20，例如，EP工作站中的软件模块，一般描绘于计算机50内的100。 [0042] Referring again to Figure 2, a proposed embodiment of the present invention comprises a workstation or integrated into the console 20, for example, EP workstation software module, generally depicted at 100 in the computer 50. 这样的工作站一般用作临床或诊断过程（例如，EP过程）的中央控制和显示单元，并适于将EP特异性的ECG信号、X射线和定位器信息进行合并。 Such workstation is generally used as a clinical or diagnostic procedures (e.g., EP process) of the central control and display unit, and EP-specific ECG signals, X-rays and is adapted to the positioning information merge. 软件模块100接收感兴趣解剖结构（例如，心脏形态）的预介入数据体积集，以将其与解剖结构（例如，看不见的心脏）的X射线图像进行对准，以便在EP标测和治疗过程中显现解剖结构，例如心脏。 100 receives the pre anatomy of interest (e.g., heart morphology) software modules involved volume data sets to be anatomy (e.g., heart invisible) X-ray image is aligned to the EP mapping and treatment during the show anatomical structures, such as the heart. 软件模块100对计算机50下指令以自动地在预介入数据体积集（一次）中识别参考导管的位置。 50 under software instructions to a computer module 100 in the pre-interventional data volume set automatically (a) identifying a reference position of the catheter. 软件模块100还对计算机50下指令以自动地对参考导管尖端进行分割并为它们在X射线透视帧（实时）中的位置分配各自的坐标。 Software module 100 also commands the computer 50 to the reference catheter tip is automatically divided and assigned to their respective coordinates of location in the fluoroscopy frame X (real) was added. 其后，软件模块100对计算机50下指令以自动地计算几何变换，其以如下方式对各参考导管的3D坐标位置进行变换，所述方式使得通过该体积的投影得到与透视（实时）2D坐标相匹配的2D坐标。 Thereafter, the software module 100 for instructing a computer 50 to automatically calculate geometric transformation, which converts 3D coordinate position of each of the reference catheter in such a way, that the way to obtain the perspective view (in real time) 2D projection coordinates by the volume 2D coordinate match. 在执行这些步骤之后，软件模块100对计算机50下指令以显示预介入数据体积集的融合或叠加图像和X射线图像。 After performing these steps, the software module 100 to the next computer 50 an instruction to display a pre-interventional data volume set fused or superimposed image and X-ray image.
[0043] 合并有软件模块100的高级且专用的EP实验室设备的潜能提供了显著的临床和诊断利益。 [0043] associated with high-level software modules and dedicated EP 100 potential laboratory equipment provides a significant clinical and diagnostic benefits. 例如，根据预介入数据体积对心脏形态的补偿叠加产生在实时透视图像中对(看不见的）心脏的实时位置的对准。 For example, according to a pre-interventional data volume compensation superimposed on cardiac morphology generating real time position of the alignment (invisible) heart in real-time fluoroscopic image. 该覆盖的一个优点包括在EP标测和心血管治疗期间实时对感兴趣导管进行位置验证。 One advantage of the cover of interest include real-time catheter position verification during EP mapping and cardiovascular therapy.
[0044] 任何专用的EP实验室可以合并有根据本文所描述的示例性实施例的EP工作站， 例如用于控制和联合各种硬件（例如，X射线成像器、EP ECG采集、消融导管控制、以及定位器系统）的目标硬件。 [0044] any dedicated EP lab may incorporate EP workstation according to the exemplary embodiment described herein, for example for controlling various hardware and joint (e.g., X-ray imager, EP the ECG acquisition, ablation catheter control, and a locator system) target hardware. 本发明也可以容易地包含在用于这种工作站的软件包之中，例如作为附属模块等。 The present invention may also be readily incorporated in a package for such workstations, e.g. as an adjunct module.
[0045] 总之，本公开的系统、方法和计算机软件产品为诊断过程中涉及的临床医生和医护人员，特别是希望降低验证感兴趣导管相对于（各）实际解剖结构（例如，X射线透视期间显现的心脏形态）的定位的时间量的医生，提供了极大的利益。 [0045] In summary, the present disclosure a system, method, and computer software products for clinicians and health care workers involved in the diagnostic process, in particular, interested during catheter to verify desirable to reduce the (each) the actual anatomical structure (e.g., X-ray fluoroscopy amount of time to show the heart shape) positioning doctors, offer great benefits. 此外，当使用ECG和有关呼吸深度的信息来提供心跳和/或呼吸运动补偿时，简化了补偿的预介入数据体积的叠加。 Further, when using the ECG and information about the depth of breathing to provide heartbeat and / or respiration motion compensation is simplified superimposed pre-interventional data volume compensation. 以这种方式，可以在心脏和/或呼吸周期中任何给定时间精确地显现感兴趣导管的定位。 In this manner, at any given time can be visualized accurately positioning the catheter in the heart of interest and / or the respiratory cycle. 相反，当前定位器信息的使用提供了导管相对于某些参考坐标系统的位置，但是对于患者的解剖结构来说并不是必须的。 In contrast, currently used to provide positioning information with respect to the catheter to some reference coordinate system, but for the patient's anatomy is not required.
[0046] 有利地，本公开的各实施例使该系统、方法和计算机软件的用户能够在过程中实时地，从视觉上确定感兴趣导管相对于叠加在X射线透视图像上的心脏形态的2D表示的位置。 [0046] Advantageously, embodiments of the present disclosure that the various systems, methods, and computer software that the user can be in real time, visually interest is determined with respect to the catheter superimposed on cardiac morphology of the X-ray fluoroscopic image in the process of 2D location indicated. 结果，能更加快速地辨别出感兴趣导管的位置验证，从而允许在例如没有不必要消融过度心脏组织的情况下获得通常将要形成的更完全的非引导损伤。 As a result, can more quickly identify the location of interest to verify the catheter, thereby allowing a more complete will typically be formed of a non-guided, for example, damage without unnecessary ablation of cardiac tissue excessive.
[0047] 虽然本公开的方法、系统和软件产品已经参考其各示例性实施例进行了描述，但是本公开并不局限于这样的示例性实施例。 [0047] While the method of the present disclosure, systems and software products have been with reference to various exemplary embodiments have been described, but the present disclosure is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. 相反，本文所公开的方法、系统和软件产品在不脱离其精神或范围的情况下，允许各种的修改、增强和/或变更。 In contrast, the method disclosed herein, systems and software products without departing from the spirit or scope thereof, allows various modifications, enhancements and / or changes. 例如，所公开的系统和方法可以特别用于各种的临床和诊断环境，例如，用于注射和/或把干细胞和包含干细胞的治疗放入体内的过程。 For example, the disclosed systems and methods may be particularly useful in a variety of clinical and diagnostic context, for example, for injection and / or process the stem cells and stem cell therapy comprising a body placed. 因此，本公开在其权利要求书范围内实现和包括这些修改、增强和/ 或变更。 Accordingly, the present disclosure includes such modifications and implemented within the scope of its claims, the enhanced and / or changed.
一种用于对体内感兴趣区域进行成像和显现感兴趣导管的成像系统，所述系统包括：感兴趣导管，配置成用于标测和消融中的至少一个；多个参考导管，每一个具有放置在所述体内感兴趣区域的已知位置的导管尖端(44)；图像处理单元(50)，其耦合到所述感兴趣导管和所述多个参考导管，并配置成：在预介入数据体积中识别所述多个参考导管的所述导管尖端(44)中每一个的各自位置；对所述多个参考导管的所述导管尖端(44)进行分割和在X射线图像(230)中为它们中每一个的位置分配坐标；以及计算几何变换，其以如下方式对以3D坐标的形式给出的所述预介入数据体积中所述多个参考导管的所述导管尖端(44)中每一个的所述位置进行变换，所述方式使得通过所述预介入数据体积的投影得到2D坐标，所述2D坐标对应于与X射线图像(240)的2D坐标相匹配的2D坐标；以及 A method for imaging a region of interest in vivo, and show the interest of the imaging catheter, the system comprising: a conduit of interest, is configured for at least one of the mapping and ablation; a plurality of reference catheter, each having a the catheter tip is placed in a known position within the region of interest (44); an image processing unit (50), coupled to said conduit and said plurality of interest reference catheter, and configured to: pre-interventional data identifying the volume of said plurality of reference catheter tip of the catheter (44) of each of the respective positions; the catheter tip (44) and dividing the X-ray image (230) of the plurality of reference catheter assigned coordinates for the location of each of them; and calculating geometric transformation, which is the volume of data in a manner that the plurality of the reference catheter tip of the catheter (44) in the form of 3D coordinates given in the pre-interventional position of each of the transform, by the way that the projection of the pre-interventional data volume obtained 2D coordinate, corresponding to the coordinates of the 2D X-ray image 2D coordinates (240) matches the 2D coordinate; and 示装置(52)，其耦合到所述图像处理单元(50)，以显示所述预介入数据体积的融合或叠加图像和所述X射线图像中的一个，从而验证所述导管相对于患者形态(250)的位置。 Display means (52), coupled to said image processing unit (50), to display the pre-interventional data volume or fusion, and the superimposed image is an X-ray image to verify the patient with respect to the configuration of said conduit (250) position.
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述X射线图像是透视图像。 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray image is a fluoroscopy image.
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述预介入数据体积源自先前采集的3D CT扫描和MRI图像中的至少一个。 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the pre-interventional data volume is derived from the 3D CT scans and MRI images previously acquired at least one.
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述体内感兴趣区域包括心脏形态。 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the body region of interest includes morphology of the heart.
CN 200680046692 2005-12-15 2006-12-08 System and method for visualizing heart morphologyduring electrophysiology mapping and treatment CN101325912B (en)
US60/750,755 2005-12-15
CN101325912A CN101325912A (en) 2008-12-17
CN101325912B true CN101325912B (en) 2011-01-12
CN 200680046692 CN101325912B (en) 2005-12-15 2006-12-08 System and method for visualizing heart morphologyduring electrophysiology mapping and treatment
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