Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7646786?dq=6008737
Timestamp: 2015-03-03 23:27:27
Document Index: 383487738

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 2', 'art 2', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16', 'art 16']

Patent US7646786 - Neighbor discovery in cable networks - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA network device has a communications link to allow the device to communicate with customer devices and a processor. The processor is to receive neighbor discovery messages from requesting customer devices, examine the neighbor discovery messages to determine if the neighbor discovery message should...http://www.google.com/patents/US7646786?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7646786 - Neighbor discovery in cable networksAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7646786 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/026,641Publication dateJan 12, 2010Filing dateDec 30, 2004Priority dateMay 25, 2004Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS8135028, US20050265261, US20100020821Publication number026641, 11026641, US 7646786 B2, US 7646786B2, US-B2-7646786, US7646786 B2, US7646786B2InventorsRalph Edward Droms, Madhu SudanOriginal AssigneeCisco Technology, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (103), Non-Patent Citations (77), Referenced by (9), Classifications (7), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetNeighbor discovery in cable networks
US 7646786 B2Abstract
A network device has a communications link to allow the device to communicate with customer devices and a processor. The processor is to receive neighbor discovery messages from requesting customer devices, examine the neighbor discovery messages to determine if the neighbor discovery message should be forwarded to other of the customer devices, and respond to the requesting customer devices.
a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) configured to operate between a data network and a cable network, the CMTS to communicate upstream traffic sent from a plurality of cable modems to the data network, to receive traffic from the data network for forwarding downstream to the cable modems, wherein the CMTS includes:
a database containing addressing information for the cable modems;
a communications link to allow the CMTS to communicate with the cable network; and
receive a neighbor discovery message from a requesting one of the cable modems;
identify an address corresponding to the received neighbor discovery message;
forward the received neighbor discovery message if the corresponding stored address is absent from the database; and
filter the received neighbor discovery message according to the comparison such that the neighbor discovery message is not forwarded to one of the other cable modems if the corresponding stored address is present in the database.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to send a reply back to the requesting one of the cable modems if the received discovery message is not forwarded, the reply providing the stored address to the requesting one of the cable modems.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
extract a network address from the received neighbor discovery message;
compare the extracted network address to the database; and
forward the received neighbor discovery message only if the extracted network address is absent from the database.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
identify a physical address corresponding to the received neighbor discovery request;
compare the identified physical address to the database; and
forward the received neighbor discovery message only if the identified physical address is absent from the database.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the neighbor discovery message is sent to a destination selected by the requesting cable modem, and the selected destination is not the CMTS, and the circuitry is further configured to:
intercept the neighbor discovery message; and
identify, according to the comparison, at least one destination for forwarding the neighbor discovery message, the at least one identified destination being different than the selected destination.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein bandwidth in the cable network is preserved when the CMTS filters the received neighbor discovery message.
examining a received neighbor discovery message using a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS), the neighbor discovery message originating from one of a plurality of cable modems and formatted to be forwarded to one or more of the non-originating cable modems;
identifying an address according to the examination using the CMTS, the address associated with information included in the neighbor discovery message;
comparing, using the CMTS, the identified address to a database containing addressing information for the cable modems;
filtering, using the CMTS, the neighbor discovery message according to the comparison, said filtering preventing the neighbor discovery message from being forwarded to the non-originating cable modems; and
responding to the requesting customer device using the CMTS if said filtering is performed.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the neighbor discovery message is received in accordance with Internet Protocol version 6.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the neighbor discovery message is a duplicate address detection message and the method further comprises:
identifying the address by extracting the address from the duplicate address detection message; and
forwarding the duplicate address detection message if the extracted address is absent from the database.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the neighbor discovery message is a media access control address request message and the method further comprises:
filtering the media access control address request message and responding to the originating cable modem if the database includes a physical address corresponding to the identified address.
11. The method of claim 7, further comprising recording a network address and a media access control address for the originating cable modem.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the database includes a list of network addresses and associated media access control addresses, and the method further comprises:
identifying one of the media access control addresses associated with a network address provided in the neighbor discovery message.
13. The method of claim 7, further comprising sending back a reply to the neighbor discovery message if the database includes a stored address that corresponds to the identified address, the reply sent to only the originating cable modem.
14. The method of claim 7, further comprising sending back a reply to the neighbor discovery message if the database includes a stored address that corresponds to the identified address, the reply sent to the originating cable modem and selected other devices connected to the CMTS.
15. A cable modem termination system, comprising:
means for allowing the cable modem termination system to communicate with cable modems; and
receiving and processing a message from an originating one of the cable modems, the message requesting an address determination;
identifying an address according to the processing, the address associated with information included in the message;
comparing the identified address to a list containing addressing information for the cable modems;
preventing the message from being forwarded according to the determination such that the message is not forwarded if the stored address is present in the list.
16. The cable modem termination system of claim 15, further comprising means for storing a table of network addresses associated with media access control addresses.
17. The cable modem termination system of claim 15, the means for receiving and processing, identifying, comparing, determining and preventing forwarding further comprising a digital signal processor.
18. An article of machine-readable media containing instructions that when executed by a machine performs:
receiving and processing a message from an originating one of a plurality of cable modems, the message requesting an address determination;
preventing the message from being forwarded to at least one network device according to the determination such that the message is not forwarded to the network device if the stored address is present in the list.
19. The article of machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to respond to only the originating cable modem if the message is prevented from being forwarded to the network device.
20. The article of machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to respond to the originating cable modem and selected other devices connected to the machine.
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 60/574,506 filed May 25, 2004; 60/574,876 filed May 26, 2004; 60/582,732 filed Jun. 22, 2004; 60/588,635 filed Jul. 16, 2004; and 60/590,509 filed Jul. 23, 2004.
Neighbor Discovery (ND) is a protocol currently being deployed in the Internet Protocol (IP) version 6, abbreviated here as IPv6. It is possible that subsequent versions of IP as well as other communications protocols may use similar protocols, all of which will be referred to here as neighbor discovery. The Neighbor Discovery protocol is specified in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 2461, and concepts disclosed here, while discussed with regard to IPv6, may be applicable to other protocols.
Hosts, routers and other network devices using IPv6 use the Neighbor Discovery protocol messages for several purposes. A host may use neighbor discovery to identify the hardware address associated with an IP address, and perform duplicate address detection (DAD) when employing stateless address autoconfiguration. A host may use neighbor discovery to locate a network device such as a router. The network device will forward datagrams for the host. A network device such as a router may use neighbor discovery to identify itself to hosts on a link, and announce prefixes available on a link for hosts employing stateless address autoconfiguration. Datagrams, as that term is used here, are the �bundles� of data employed to transmit data across the network, such as IP packets, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cells, and Frame Relay (FR) frames.
When IPv6 is deployed by a service provider to customers over a cable medium, the network is often constructed so all of the �customer devices�, or hosts, are connected to a single �network device�, which forwards datagrams sent from customer devices. For example, customer premises equipment (CPE) devices (customer devices) are attached to the same cable modem termination system CMTS device (network device). The customer devices may be either cable modems (CMs) or home computers (PCs).
In the upstream direction, i.e., customer device to network device, the link is not shared; each device has its own unidirectional physical link to the network device. Hence, data sent by one device is not visible to the other devices. There are sometimes as many as 50,000 customer devices connected to a single network device. All of these devices generate neighbor discovery messages which are sent to various multicast addresses on the link, generating significant overhead on the link and causing significant processing overhead on the other customer devices receiving the neighbor discovery messages.
One embodiment of the invention is a network device having a communications link to communicate with customer devices. The processor in the network device is to receive neighbor discovery messages from requesting customer devices, examine the neighbor discovery messages to determine if the neighbor discovery message should be forwarded to other of the customer devices, and respond to the requesting customer devices.
Another embodiment of the invention is a method of processing neighbor discovery messages. The method receives a neighbor discovery message from a requesting customer device. The neighbor discovery message is examined to determine if the neighbor discovery needs to be forwarded to any other customer devices. The requesting customer device is then responded to.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a network device in communication with several customer devices.
FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method to process neighbor discovery messages.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a network device.
An embodiment of a portion of a cable data network is shown in FIG. 1. The network device 10 serves as a connection between the customer devices 12 a-12 c and the network. The customer devices may be cable modems or home computers (PCs). As many as fifty thousand customer devices connected to a single network device.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a method to process neighbor discovery messages. At 20, the network device receives a neighbor discovery request from the customer device. Essentially, the network device intercepts the message. These messages may be DAD messages 22 a, MAC address requests 22 b, or other types of messages, such as multicast messages. These specific examples will be addressed at each part of the process to demonstrate principles of the invention.
At 24, the message is examined. The network device �reads� the message and determines the appropriate action needed in response. For example, when the message is a DAD message from a customer device 12 a performing initialization, the network device would intercept the message and examine it at 24. If the message is a DAD message, at 26 a, the network device examines its list of customer device information. If the network address does not already appear in the list, the network device forwards the request to selected other devices in 30.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of network device 10 capable of functioning as a network device. The device has a communications link 46 to allow the device to communicate with customer devices. In a cable network, this communications link will generally be a cable link.
The device also has a processor 40 to receive neighbor discovery messages from requesting customer devices and to examine the neighbor discovery messages to determine if the neighbor discovery message should be forwarded to other of the customer devices. The processor also allows the device to respond to the requesting customer devices. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, etc., or any device that can process commands and perform the necessary operations of the network device device.
Generally, the embodiments of this invention can be implemented in a currently existing network device. The software or firmware used to operate the processor of the network device could be altered to cause the device to perform the methods of the invention. The alteration will generally involve loading instructions that reside on an article of machine-readable media to the processor memory. The instructions, when executed, will cause the machine to perform the processes of the invention. In this case, the machine is the network device 10, operating as a network device.
Thus, although there has been described to this point a particular embodiment for a method and apparatus for neighbor discovery in cable systems, it is not intended that such specific references be considered as limitations upon the scope of this invention except in-so-far as set forth in the following claims.
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