Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4756623B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-12-10 17:14:01
Document Index: 786870485

Matched Legal Cases: ['art, 12', 'art, 13', 'art, 14', 'art, 18', 'art, 19', 'art, 20', 'art, 21']

JP4756623B2 - Information recording apparatus and method, program storage medium, and program - Google Patents
Information recording apparatus and method, program storage medium, and program Download PDF
JP4756623B2
JP4756623B2 JP2001365631A JP2001365631A JP4756623B2 JP 4756623 B2 JP4756623 B2 JP 4756623B2 JP 2001365631 A JP2001365631 A JP 2001365631A JP 2001365631 A JP2001365631 A JP 2001365631A JP 4756623 B2 JP4756623 B2 JP 4756623B2
JP2001365631A
JP2003168266A (en
ヤコブス ファン ヘステル ヴィレムス
政信 中村
美幸 佐々木
元樹 加藤
芳稔 後藤
薫 村瀬
2001-11-30 Application filed by コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ, ソニー株式会社, パナソニック株式会社 filed Critical コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ
2001-11-30 Priority to JP2001365631A priority Critical patent/JP4756623B2/en
2003-06-13 Publication of JP2003168266A publication Critical patent/JP2003168266A/en
2011-08-24 Publication of JP4756623B2 publication Critical patent/JP4756623B2/en
The present invention relates to an information recording apparatus and method,Program storage medium and programIn particular, in a recording medium in which the number of rewrites is limited, an information recording apparatus and method that can avoid rewriting concentration on the same area of the recording medium,Program storage medium and programAbout.
In recent years, various optical discs have been proposed as disc-type media that are recordable and removable from a recording / reproducing apparatus. Such recordable optical discs have been proposed as large-capacity media of several gigabytes, and are highly expected as media for recording AV (Audio Visual) signals such as video signals.
One encoding system for digitally compressing digital video signals is the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) 2 system. MPEG2 is also applied when recording a digital video signal on a recording medium. For example, when an analog video signal is recorded on a recording medium, the video signal is encoded in the MPEG2 system, and an encoded bit stream is recorded on the recording medium. In digital TV (television) broadcasting that has recently started, a video program encoded by the MPEG2 system is transmitted in a format called a transport stream. When recording a digital broadcast on a recording medium, a method of recording a transport stream as a digital signal without decoding or re-encoding is used.
Disk media are excellent in random accessibility. Using this property, when recording digital video signals on a disk-type recording medium, even if free areas are dispersed on the disk medium, recording starts from an arbitrary free area and sequentially searches for free areas. Recording can be continued in any free space.
In a recording medium in which the number of rewrites is limited, if rewriting to the same area of the recording medium is concentrated, that area tends to become a defective area. For example, if the recording device always manages recording so that recording starts from an empty area on the inner circumference side of the disk type recording medium, the inner circumference side of the disk tends to become a defective area earlier than the outer circumference side. Become.
When a defective area is formed on the disc, the area becomes unusable, and the total time of AV signals that can be recorded on the disc (total amount of data that can be recorded) decreases. From the viewpoint of the user of the recording apparatus, this is a problem that confuses the user because the total time of recordable AV signals is different even though they are the same disc. In order to prevent such a problem from occurring, it is necessary to manage the recording so that the entire recording area is repeatedly recorded on average in a recording medium in which the number of rewrites is limited.
The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and management of recording is performed so as to avoid the rewriting concentration on the same area of the recording medium and to record the free area of the recording medium repeatedly on average. Therefore, an object is to suppress the occurrence of defects in a predetermined area of the recording medium.
The information recording apparatus of the present invention provides information recorded on an information recording medium.Attribute for determining the area of the information recording medium to placeOn the basis of the,Has an attribute that requires writing or reading to be completed within a certain period of timeRecording the first information in a first predetermined area of the information recording medium;When an information recording medium is installed, it has attributes that need to be read out in a short time.First recording means for recording second information for controlling reproduction of the first information in a second area defined in advance of the information recording medium, and first information in the first area An acquisition means for acquiring the first address recorded last and the second address last recorded with the second information in the second area, and the first address and the second acquired by the acquisition means And a second recording means for recording the same address in the same management data of the information recording medium, wherein the first recording means comprises a first address recorded on the information recording medium, a second address, and Based on free space address information,Even if there is an empty area before the first address, the first information is immediately after the first address.First regionFree spaceRecord,The second information is immediately after the second address.Second areaFree spaceIn addition to recording, a new second area is created on the information recording medium in accordance with the amount of defects in the second area.
The information recording method of the present invention provides information recorded on an information recording medium.Attribute for determining the area of the information recording medium to placeIn the first area defined in advance of the information recording medium, Has an attribute that requires writing or reading to be completed within a certain period of timeThe first address at which the first information is recorded last, in the second area defined in advance of the information recording medium,When an information recording medium is installed, it has attributes that need to be read out in a short time.Based on the second address last recorded with the second information for controlling the reproduction of the first information, and the address information of the free space,Even if there is an empty area before the first address, the first information is immediately after the first address.First regionFree spaceRecord,The second information is immediately after the second address.Second areaFree spaceA first recording step for recording and creating a new second area on the information recording medium in accordance with the amount of defects in the second area, and a first recording step in the first area by the processing of the first recording step. The acquisition step of acquiring the first address that lastly recorded the information and the second address that lastly recorded the second information in the second area, and the first acquired by the processing of the acquisition step And a second recording step of recording the second address and the second address in the same management data of the information recording medium.
The program stored in the program storage medium of the present invention is information recorded on an information recording medium.Attribute for determining the area of the information recording medium to placeIn the first area defined in advance of the information recording medium, Has an attribute that requires writing or reading to be completed within a certain period of timeThe first address at which the first information is recorded last, in the second area defined in advance of the information recording medium,When an information recording medium is installed, it has attributes that need to be read out in a short time.Based on the second address last recorded with the second information for controlling the reproduction of the first information, and the address information of the free space,Even if there is an empty area before the first address, the first information is immediately after the first address.First regionFree spaceRecord,The second information is immediately after the second address.Second areaFree spaceA first recording step for recording and creating a new second area on the information recording medium in accordance with the amount of defects in the second area, and a first recording step in the first area by the processing of the first recording step. The acquisition step of acquiring the first address that lastly recorded the information and the second address that lastly recorded the second information in the second area, and the first acquired by the processing of the acquisition step And a second recording step of recording the second address and the second address in the same management data of the information recording medium.
The program of the present invention is information recorded on an information recording medium.Attribute for determining the area of the information recording medium to placeIn the first area defined in advance of the information recording medium, Has an attribute that requires writing or reading to be completed within a certain period of timeThe first address at which the first information is recorded last, in the second area defined in advance of the information recording medium,When an information recording medium is installed, it has attributes that need to be read out in a short time.Based on the second address last recorded with the second information for controlling the reproduction of the first information, and the address information of the free space,Even if there is an empty area before the first address, the first information is immediately after the first address.First regionFree spaceRecord,The second information is immediately after the second address.Second areaFree spaceA first recording step for recording and creating a new second area on the information recording medium in accordance with the amount of defects in the second area, and a first recording step in the first area by the processing of the first recording step. The acquisition step of acquiring the first address that lastly recorded the information and the second address that lastly recorded the second information in the second area, and the first acquired by the processing of the acquisition step And a second recording step of recording the address and the second address in the same management data of the information recording medium.
In the information recording apparatus and method, the program storage medium, and the program of the present invention,Attribute for determining the area of the information recording medium in which information to be recorded on the information recording medium is arranged, writing or reading in a predetermined time in the first predetermined area of the information recording medium needs to be completed within a predetermined time It is necessary to read in a short time when the information recording medium is loaded in the first address where the first information having the attribute is recorded last, and in the second area defined in advance of the information recording medium. Based on the second address last recorded with the second information having the certain attribute and controlling the reproduction of the first information, and the address information of the free area, the first information is the first information Even if there is a free area before the address, it is recorded in the free area of the first area immediately after the first address, and the second information is recorded in the second area immediately after the second address. Recorded in free space Rutotomoni, depending on the amount of defects in the second region, the new second region is created in the information recording medium.
FIG. 1 shows a simplified structure of an application format on a recording medium used in a recording / reproducing system to which the present invention is applied. This format has two layers, PlayList (playlist) and Clip (clip), for managing AV streams. Volume Information (Volume Information) manages all Clips and PlayLists in the disc.
A pair of one AV stream and its attached information is considered as one object, and is called Clip. The AV stream file is called a Clip AV stream file, and its attached information is called a Clip Information (clip information) file.
One Clip AV stream file stores data in which an MPEG2 transport stream is arranged in a structure defined by the DVR application format.
In general, a data file used in a computer or the like is handled as a byte string, but the content of a Clip AV stream file is expanded on the time axis, and the PlayList designates an access point in the Clip with a time stamp. When the PlayList indicates an access point into the Clip with a time stamp, the Clip Information file is useful for finding address information in the Clip AV stream file at which to start decoding the stream. For this purpose, the Clip Information file has a time stamp-to-address correspondence table for time search in the Clip AV stream.
PlayList was introduced for the purpose of allowing the user to select a playback section that the user wants to see from the Clip and edit it easily. One PlayList is a collection of playback sections in a Clip. One playback section in a certain clip is called a PlayItem (play item), which is represented by a pair of an IN point (in point) and an OUT point (out point) on the time axis. Therefore, PlayList is a collection of PlayItems.
There are two types of PlayList. One is a Real PlayList (real play list), and the other is a Virtual PlayList (virtual play list).
The Real PlayList is considered to share the stream portion of the Clip that it refers to. That is, the Real PlayList occupies the data capacity corresponding to the stream portion of the clip that is referenced in the disc. When an AV stream is recorded as a new clip, a Real PlayList that refers to the reproducible range of the entire clip is automatically created. When a part of the playback range of the Real PlayList is erased, the data of the clip stream part to which it refers is also erased.
The Virtual PlayList is regarded as not sharing Clip data. Even if the Virtual PlayList is changed or deleted, the Clip does not change anything.
In the following description, Real PlayList and Virtual PlayList are collectively referred to simply as PlayList.
The necessary directories on a DVR (Digital Video Recording) disc are as follows.
(1) root directory including "DVR" directory
(2) "DVR" directory including "PLAYLIST" directory, "CLIPINF" directory, and "STREAM" directory
FIG. 2 shows an example of the directory structure on the DVR disk.
The root directory includes one directory (DVR directory).
“DVR” —All files and directories defined by the DVR application format are stored under this directory.
The “DVR” directory includes three directories: PLAYLIST, CLIPINF, and STREAM.
"PLAYLIST"-Real PlayList and Virtual PlayList database files are placed under this directory.
"CLIPINF"-Clip's database is located under this directory.
"STREAM"-AV stream files are placed under this directory.
The “PLAYLIST” directory stores two types of PlayList files, which are Real PlayList and Virtual PlayList.
“xxxxx.rpls” —This file stores information related to one Real PlayList. One file is created for each Real PlayList. The file name is “xxxxx.rpls”. Here, “xxxxx” is five numbers from 0 to 9. The file extension is “rpls”.
“yyyyy.vpls” —This file stores information related to one Virtual PlayList. One file is created for each Virtual PlayList. The file name is “yyyyy.vpls”. Here, “yyyyy” is five numbers from 0 to 9. The file extension is "vpls".
The “CLIPINF” directory stores one file corresponding to each AV stream file.
“zzzzz.clpi” —This file is a Clip Information file corresponding to one Clip AV stream file. The file name is “zzzzz.clpi”, where “zzzzz” is five numbers from 0 to 9. The file extension is “clpi”.
The “STREAM” directory stores Clip AV stream files.
“zzzzz.m2ts” —This file is an AV stream file handled by the DVR system. This is a Clip AV stream file. The file name is “zzzzz.m2ts”, where “zzzzz” is five numbers from 0 to 9. The file extension is “m2ts”.
The same five numbers “zzzzz” are used for one Clip AV stream file and the corresponding Clip information file.
Six files of menu.tidx, menu.tdt1, menu.tdt2, mark.tidx, mark.tdt1, mark.tdt2 are files for managing thumbnail image information. A thumbnail image is a still image representative of the content of a video signal recorded on a recording medium or a still image obtained by extracting a specific scene of the content as a still image.
The file system used in the information processing apparatus according to the present embodiment defines “Allocation class” as attribute information regarding the allocation (allocation) of files on a recording medium. Allocation Class is information given to each file, and this information is stored in file management data (referred to as MIA (Management Information Area)).
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between a DVR application file and its Allocation Class. In the DVR application, three types of Gathered files, Real-time files, and Data files are defined.
Gathered files correspond to files that need to be read out in a short time when the recording medium is mounted on a recording or reproducing device. An info.dvr file, a PlayList file (file names xxxxx.rpls and yyyyy.vpls), a Clip Information file (file name zzzzz.clpi), and a file for managing thumbnail image information correspond to the gathered files.
Real-Time files correspond to files consisting of data that needs to be written or read within a certain time. A Clip AV stream file (file name zzzzz.m2ts) composed of content data of AV data corresponds to the Real-time files.
Data files correspond to normal files. Files other than DVR applications correspond to these Data-files.
FIG. 4 shows an example of the layout of the allocation class files on the recording medium.
Files having the attribute of gathered files are recorded collectively in a gathered files area as a specific area set in advance on the recording medium. The position (start address and end address) of the gathered file area on the recording medium is recorded in the MIA as file management data.
Files having the attributes of Real-time files and Data files are arranged in an area excluding the area for Anchor Information Area (anchor information area) and the area for gathered file on the recording medium.
The area for Anchor Information Area (AIA) shown in FIG. 4 is an area for recording a pointer to an address where file management data is stored on the recording medium. This is a predetermined fixed area on the recording medium. In this example, two AIA areas are secured on the lowest address side (inner side of the disk) and the highest address side (outer side of the disk) on the recording medium. Data with the same content is written twice. In addition, when data is written twice in each area and written in total four times, error resistance is further increased. AIAs are recorded and played back in a predetermined order. For example, the AIA on the lowest address side is recorded first, followed by the AIA on the highest address side. When AIA is reproduced, first, the AIA at the lowest address side is read out. If this is not possible due to a data error, the AIA at the highest address side is read out next.
In the present invention, each of the “Gathered files area” and the “Real-time files and Data files area” has an average free space in each area in order to avoid rewriting concentration to the same place. Management of recording is performed so that recording is repeated. For this purpose, the last recorded address in each area is recorded in the file management data (accordingly, MIA).
An operation method of the address (Last written address) recorded at the end of the “real-time files and data files area” will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5 shows a state where Stream 1 (Clip AV stream) is recorded on a new recording medium. Stream 1 is recorded from the lowest address side (left side in the figure) to the highest address side (right side in the figure) of the real-time files and data files area. The last recorded address of Stream 1 shown in FIG. 5 is recorded in the MIA.
FIG. 6 shows a state where Stream 2 (Clip AV stream) is recorded after the state of FIG. Stream2 starts recording immediately after the last recorded address of Stream1. The last recorded address of Stream 2 shown in FIG. 6 is recorded in the MIA.
FIG. 7 shows a state where Stream2 is deleted after the state of FIG. At this time, the value of the last recorded address recorded in the MIA is not changed.
FIG. 8 shows a state in which Stream 3 (Clip AV stream) is recorded after the state of FIG. Recording of Stream3 is started immediately after the address indicated by the last recorded address in the state of FIG. When the recording of Stream 3 proceeds to the highest address of the free area of the Real-time files and Data files areas, the recording moves to the lowest address of the empty area of the same area, and the recording is continued. The last recorded address of Stream 3 shown in FIG. 8 is recorded in the MIA.
In order to compare the case where the value of the last recorded address (Last written address) is recorded in the MIA with the case where the last recorded address is not recorded, FIG. A state in which Stream3 is recorded after the state is shown. In this case, the recording of Stream3 is started from the lowest address (that is, immediately after Stream1) of the space area for Real-time files and Data files. Therefore, an area where Stream2 and Stream3 are repeatedly recorded is created. If, after this state, Stream 3 is erased and a new stream is recorded thereafter, the stream is recorded at the location where Stream 3 was recorded, and rewriting concentrates on the same area. In the case of a recording medium in which the number of rewrites is limited, when rewriting concentrates in this way, the area tends to become defective.
On the other hand, when management is performed as shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, new data is recorded in a free area in a loop shape, so that the occurrence of such defects is suppressed.
Next, an operation method of an address (Last written address) recorded at the end of the “Gathered files area” will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
FIG. 10 shows a state when data of certain gathered files is recorded in the area for gathered files. Following the gathered files data (indicated by the number (3) in FIG. 10), file management data (MIA) (indicated by the number (2) in FIG. 10) is recorded. The last recorded address in the Gathered files area is recorded in the MIA. A pointer to the MIA address (indicated by the number (1) in FIG. 10) (start Address of Main MIA and Start Address of Reverse MIA in FIG. 14 described later) is recorded in the Anchor Information Area.
FIG. 11 shows a state when data of gathered files is recorded after the state of FIG. Recording of data (indicated by the number (3) in FIG. 11) is started immediately after the address indicated by the last recorded address in the state of FIG. Following the gathered files data, file management data (MIA) (indicated by the number (2) in FIG. 11) is recorded. The last recorded address in the Gathered files area is recorded in the MIA. A pointer to the MIA address (indicated by the number (1) in FIG. 11) is recorded in the Anchor Information Area.
Note that the position of the gathered file area on the recording medium can be moved. For example, when there are many defects in the gathered file area, a new gathered file area is created and the position on the recording medium is recorded in the MIA. In the example of FIG. 12, the gathered files area is arranged at a position where the real-time files and the data files area are divided.
Next, the structure of the Anchor Information Area (anchor information area) will be described. The Anchor Information Area is an area for recording a pointer to an address of file management data (MIA). This is used for the purpose of moving the file management data (MIA) recording address. If the file management data (MIA) recording address is fixed, rewriting concentrates on the same area. As a result, in the case of a recording medium in which the number of rewrites is limited, the rewritten concentrated area tends to be defective, which is not preferable.
An example of the structure of the Anchor Information Area is shown in FIG. The structure of the Anchor Information Area is divided into a header table and one or more loop tables. Roughly, the Header Table indicates the number of the Loop Table having the currently valid data, and the Loop Table referred to by the number has a pointer to the recording address of the file management data (MIA).
The Header Table is composed of one or more (M pieces in the case of FIG. 13) Pointing blocks. Each Pointing block has a Block Counter field, a Loop Table Number field, and a Defective Bitmap field. When a pointing block is recorded and its contents are updated, the value of the block counter field of that pointing block is updated to a value larger than the block counter field of other pointing blocks (the one with the largest value is valid). ) When updating the same Pointing block, the current Block Counter value may be incremented by one. When the same Pointing block is recorded repeatedly and the Pointing block becomes defective, the next Pointing block is used without using the Pointing block anymore. For this purpose, the Header Table has one or more Pointing blocks.
The Defective Bitmap field indicates whether each Pointing Block in the Header Table is defective. The Defective Bitmap field is an M-bit value, and indicates the defect status of Pointing Block # 1 to Pointing Block #M in the order of MSB to LSB (for example, “1” represents a defect, “0 "Indicates that it is not a defect.) In the Header Table, the currently effective Defective Bitmap is recorded in the Pointing block having the largest Block Counter value. The Pointing Block indicating that the Defective Bitmap is defective is not used from the next time (no information is recorded in the Pointing block from the next time).
The Loop Table has one or more (N in the example of FIG. 13) Updated block fields. When an updated block is recorded and its contents are updated, the Sequence number (see FIG. 14) of the File System descriptor (FSD) (file system descriptor) recorded in the updated block is larger than the Sequence number of other updated blocks. It is updated to the value (the one with the highest value is valid). When updating the same updated block, the value of the current sequence number may be incremented by one. When the same updated block is repeatedly recorded and the updated block becomes defective, the next updated block is used without using the updated block anymore. Therefore, the Loop Table section has one or more updated blocks. The Defective Bitmap field indicates whether each updated block in the loop table is defective. The Defective Bitmap field is an N-bit value, and indicates the defect states of Updated Block # 1 to Updated Block #N in the order of MSB to LSB. The currently effective defective bitmap is recorded in the updated block having the maximum sequence number in the currently valid loop table. The updated block indicating that the defective bitmap is defective is not used from the next time (no information is recorded in the updated block from the next time).
The size of the Pointing block and the Updated block corresponds to the size of an ECC (Error-Correcting Code) block.
As a modification of the data structure in FIG. 13, the Header table may have information on the Defective Bitmap of the currently valid Loop Table indicated by the Header table.
As shown in FIG. 14, in addition to the Sequence number, the FSD records a Start Address of Main MIA indicating the start address of the MIA recording position and a Start Address of Reserve MIA. The MIA is written twice, and the same information as the Main MIA is recorded in the Reserve MIA. When recording, record in the order of Main MIA, Reserve MIA. When playing back, first read Main MIA. If the Main MIA cannot be read due to a data error, read the Reserve MIA.
The flow of processing from acquisition of a pointer to the MIA recording address from Anchor Information Area data will be described with reference to FIG.
Step S11: Read the header table data.
Step S12: The Pointing block where the value of the Block Counter has the maximum value is detected in the read data. The Pointing block is valid, and the Loop Table Number field of the Pointing block indicates the number of the Loop Table having valid data.
Step S13: Read the data of the Loop Table referenced by the above number. In the read data, the updated block where the FSD Sequence number value has the maximum value is detected. The updated block is valid, and the FSD that the updated block has is valid.
Step S14: The FSD indicates the MIA address.
A case where information in the Defective Bitmap field is used in the above process will be described.
In the process of Step S12, when it is detected that the defect information indicated by the Defective Bitmap field of the currently valid Pointing block does not differ from the defect state of the Header Table read in Step S11 (when both are consistent) The reproduction is continued as it is, but when it is detected that they are inconsistent (they do not match) (for example, the defective bitmap is not indicated by the defective bitmap, but the block read in step S11 is in a defective state). If this is the case, this Anchor Information Area cannot be trusted, so the reproduction processing of this Anchor Information Area is stopped. Then, the reproduction processing from step S11 is started for the Anchor Information Area in another place (AIA is multiplexed and written, see FIGS. 10 and 11).
In addition, when it is detected in the process of step S13 that the defect information indicated by the Defective Bitmap field of the currently valid updated block is not different from the defect state of the currently valid loop table read in step S13 (both are consistent) If the discrepancy (the two do not match) is detected (for example, the defective bitmap is not indicated by the defective bitmap but is read in step S13). If this block is in a defective state), this Anchor Information Area cannot be trusted, and the reproduction processing of this Anchor Information Area is stopped. Then, the reproduction processing from step S11 is started for the Anchor Information Area in another place (AIA is multiplexed and written, see FIGS. 10 and 11).
Another example of the structure of the Anchor Information Area is shown in FIG. The structure of the Anchor Information Area in this example is divided into a Header Table and one or more Loop Table parts, as in the example of FIG. The difference from the example of FIG. 13 is the contents of the updated block in the Loop Table part.
The Loop Table portion in FIG. 16 is also composed of one or more updated blocks. Each updated block has a Block Counter field. When a certain updated block is recorded and the contents are updated, the block counter field of the updated block is updated to a larger value than the other block counter fields. When updating the same updated block, the current block counter value may be incremented by one. When the same updated block is repeatedly recorded and the updated block becomes defective, the next updated block is used without using the updated block anymore. Therefore, the Loop Table section has one or more updated blocks.
A processing flow from acquisition of the pointer to the MIA recording address from the data in the Anchor Information Area will be described with reference to FIG.
Step S21: Read the header table data.
Step S22: The Pointing block where the value of the Block Counter has the maximum value is detected in the read data. The Pointing block is valid, and the Loop Table Number field of the Pointing block indicates the number of the Loop Table having valid data.
Step S23: Read Loop Table data referenced by the above number. In the read data, the updated block where the value of the block counter has the maximum value is detected. The updated block is valid, and has a pointer (Entry sector number for Main MIA / Reserve FSD) to the address of the FSD where the updated block is valid. The FSD is written in duplicate, and the same information as the Main FSD is recorded in the Reserve FSD. When recording, record in order of Main FSD, Reserve FSD. When playing back, first read the Main FSD. If the Main FSD cannot be read due to a data error, read the Reserve FSD.
Step S24: Read the FSD from the address indicated by the pointer.
Step S25: The FSD indicates the MIA address.
The contents of the File System Descriptor (FSD) shown in FIG. 14 will be described. The FSD has a pointer to an address on the MIA recording medium.
Signature (BP0) is a field having a predetermined value.
Creation Time (BP8) must specify the creation date and time of the File System Descriptor.
Modification Time (BP12) must specify the update date and time of the File System Descriptor.
Sequence number (BP16) is as described above. This counter is incremented every time the contents of FSD are updated.
Interchange Class (BP18) defines restrictions for media compatibility.
Reserved (BP19) is reserved for future use. # 00 must be set in this field.
Start Address of Main MIA (BP20) defines the first logical block number of Main MIA.
Start Address of Reserve MIA (BP24) specifies the first logical block number of Reserve MIA. To ensure reliability, the MIA is recorded at two different locations on the logical volume. One is called Main MIA and the other is called Reserve MIA.
Length of MIA (BP28) defines the size of MIA in logical block units. There is no logical block exceeding #FFEF in MIA.
Number of MIA Map MIBs (BP30) specifies the number of blocks for MIA Map recorded in MIA.
MIA Map MIBs in Main MIA (BP32) designates all MIBs belonging to MIA Map in Main MIA. The MIB numbers of these blocks must be recorded in the MIA Map configuration order.
MIA Map MIBs in Reserve MIA (BP32 + 2x) designates all MIBs belonging to MIA Map in Reserve MIA. The MIB numbers of these blocks must be recorded in the order of construction of the MIA Map.
Next, a system for recording / reproducing data having a DVR application structure will be described with reference to the block diagram of the moving image recording / reproducing apparatus of FIG. This moving image recording / reproducing apparatus includes a reproducing unit 1 and a recording unit 2.
First, the operation during recording will be described in the case where an input audio video signal is encoded and recorded.
Prior to recording, the control unit 17 first instructs the reading unit 11 to read data in the Anchor Informarion Area. The reading unit reads data in the Anchor Informarion Area, and the data is input to the control unit 17 through the processing of the demodulation unit 12 and the ECC (error correction) decoding unit 13. The control unit 17 acquires the address where the MIA is recorded based on the data of the Anchor Informarion Area (see FIG. 13 or FIG. 16).
Then, the control unit 17 instructs the reading unit 11 to read the MIA. The reading unit reads MIA data, and the data is input to the control unit 17 through the processing of the demodulation unit 12 and the ECC (error correction) decoding unit 13. The control unit 17 stores the last recorded address in the area for Real-time files and Data files included in the MIA (Last written address) and the last recorded address in the area for gathered files (Last written address). get.
Video signals and audio signals are input from the terminals 28 and 29, respectively. The video signal and the audio signal are input to the AV encoder 23. The AV encoder 23 encodes (encodes) the input video signal and the audio signal, and outputs the encoded video stream (V) and the encoded audio stream (A) to the multiplexer 22. The encoded video stream (V) is, for example, an MPEG2 video stream, and the encoded audio stream (A) is, for example, an MPEG1 audio stream or a Dolby AC3 (trademark) audio stream. The multiplexer 22 multiplexes the input stream and outputs a multiplexed stream. The multiplexed stream is, for example, an MPEG2 transport stream or an MPEG2 program stream.
The multiplexed stream is input to the source packetizer 21. The source packetizer 21 encodes the input multiplexed stream into an AV stream composed of source packets according to the application format of the recording medium 10. The AV stream is processed by the ECC (error correction) encoding unit 20 and the modulation unit 19 and input to the writing unit 18. The writing unit 18 records the Clip AV stream file on the recording medium 10 based on the control signal instructed from the control unit 17. The control unit 17 controls this recording based on the last recorded address in the Real-time files and Data files areas.
The moving image recording / playback apparatus of FIG. 18 records a Clip AV stream file, and also records application database information related to the file, that is, a Clip Information file and a PlayList file. The application database information is created by the control unit 17. The Clip Information file is created by the control unit 17 analyzing the Clip AV stream file. The PlayList file is created by the control unit 17 based mainly on user instruction information input from the terminal 27 via the user interface.
The Clip Information file and PlayList file created by the control unit 17 are processed by the ECC (error correction) encoding unit 20 and the modulation unit 19 and input to the writing unit 18 in the same manner as the AV stream. The writing unit 18 records the database file on the recording medium 10 based on the control signal instructed from the control unit 17. The control unit 17 controls the recording based on the last recorded address in the gathered files area.
The recording medium 10 records an AV stream file, application database information, and file system data.
First, the control unit 17 acquires Anchor Informarion Area data in the same manner as the above-described recording operation, and acquires MIA data based on the acquired data.
Next, the control unit 17 instructs the reading unit 11 to read the application database information. Then, the reading unit 11 reads application database information from the recording medium 10, and the database information is input to the control unit 17 through the processing of the demodulation unit 12 and the ECC (error correction) decoding unit 13.
The control unit 17 outputs a list of PlayLists recorded on the recording medium 10 to the user interface of the terminal 27 based on the application database. The user selects a PlayList to be reproduced from the PlayList list, and the PlayList designated for reproduction is input to the control unit 17. The control unit 17 instructs the reading unit 11 to read an AV stream file necessary for playing the PlayList. Then, the reading unit 11 reads the AV stream from the recording medium 10, and the AV stream is input to the source / depacketizer 14 through the processing of the demodulation unit 12 and the ECC decoding unit 13.
The source depacketizer 14 converts the application format AV stream of the recording medium 10 into a stream that can be input to the demultiplexer 15. The demultiplexer 15 inputs the video stream (V) and audio stream (A) constituting the playback section (PlayItem) of the AV stream designated by the control unit 17 to the AV decoder 16. The AV decoder 16 decodes (decodes) the video stream and the audio stream, and outputs the playback video signal and the playback audio signal from the terminal 25 and the terminal 26, respectively.
FIG. 19 is a flowchart for explaining the flow of data recording processing to the recording medium 10 based on the last recorded address of each of Real time files and Gathered files.
In step S41, the control unit 17 acquires the Last Written Address of each of the Real-time files, the Data files area, and the Gathered files area from the MIA (file management data). Details of this processing will be described later with reference to FIG.
In step S42, the control unit 17 causes the AV encoder 23 to encode the input video signal as described above, and records the Clip AV stream file on the recording medium 10. At this time, the control unit 17 instructs the writing unit 18 to record the Clip AV stream in the empty area of the area based on the Real Written Address of the area for Real-time files and Data files (FIGS. 5 to 5). (See FIG. 8).
In step S43, as described above, the control unit 17 also records the application database information related to the file, that is, the Clip Information file and the PlayList file, together with the recording of the Clip AV stream file. At this time, the control unit 17 instructs the writing unit 18 to record the database file and the MIA in the free area of the area based on the Last Written Address of the gathered files area (see FIGS. 10 and 11). .
In step S44, the control unit 17 creates Anchor Information Area data (see FIGS. 13 and 16).
In step S45, the control unit 17 instructs the writing unit 18 to record the data in the Anchor Information Area at a predetermined position (see FIGS. 10 and 11).
FIG. 20 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the process (the process of step S41 in FIG. 19) for acquiring the last recorded address (Last written address) of each of Real-time files and Gathered files from the contents of the Anchor Information Area. Show.
In step S61, first, the control unit 17 instructs the reading unit 11 to read Anchor Information Area (AIA) data from a predetermined position. The reading unit 11 reads data in the Anchor Information Area. The data is input to the control unit 17 through the processing of the demodulation unit 12 and the ECC (error correction) decoding unit 13.
In step S62, the control unit 17 acquires Anchor Information Area (AIA) data.
In step S63, the control unit 17 acquires valid file system descriptor (FSD) data based on the AIA data (see FIGS. 15 and 17).
In step S64, the control unit 17 acquires MIA (file management data) based on the FSD data (see FIGS. 15 and 17). Specifically, the control unit 17 acquires the address where the MIA is recorded based on the FSD data (see FIGS. 15 and 17). Then, the control unit 17 instructs the reading unit 11 to read the MIA. The reading unit reads MIA data. The data is input to the control unit 17 through the processing of the demodulation unit 12 and the ECC (error correction) decoding unit 13.
In step S65, the control unit 17 records the last recorded address in the area for Real-time files and Data files included in the MIA (Last written address) and the address recorded at the end of the gathered files area ( Get Last written address).
The series of processes described above can be executed by hardware, but can also be executed by software. When a series of processing is executed by software, a program constituting the software executes various functions by installing a computer incorporated in dedicated hardware or various programs. For example, a general-purpose personal computer is installed from a network or a recording medium.
As shown in FIG. 18, this recording medium is distributed to provide a program to the user separately from the main body of the apparatus, and includes a magnetic disk 51 (including a floppy disk) on which a program is recorded, an optical disk 52 ( CD-ROM (compact disk-read only memory), DVD (including digital versatile disk)), magneto-optical disk 53 (including MD (mini-disk)), semiconductor memory 54, etc. In addition, the program is provided with a ROM in which a program is recorded, a hard disk, or the like provided to the user in a state of being incorporated in the apparatus main body in advance. The drive 41 is appropriately connected to the moving image recording / reproducing apparatus, and drives the magnetic disk 51, the optical disk 52, the magneto-optical disk 53, or the semiconductor memory 54.
In the present specification, the step of describing the program recorded on the recording medium is not limited to the processing performed in chronological order according to the described order, but is not necessarily performed in chronological order. It also includes processes that are executed individually.
As described above, when data is recorded in the free area of the recording medium, the free area can be selected and recorded so that rewriting to the same area of the recording medium is not concentrated.
In addition, it is possible to manage the recording so that the free area of the recording medium is repeatedly recorded on average while avoiding rewriting concentration on the same area of the recording medium.
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to manage the recording so that the free area of the recording medium is repeatedly recorded on average while avoiding rewriting concentration on the same area of the recording medium. As a result, in a recording medium in which the number of rewrites is limited, concentration of rewriting to the same area of the recording medium can be avoided, so that it is possible to prevent the area where rewriting concentrates from becoming a defective area. .
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a simplified structure of an application format on a recording medium used in a recording / reproducing system.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a directory structure created on a disc.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between a file and its allocation class.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of the arrangement of a gathered files area, real-time files and data files area, and an anchor information area (AIA) recording area on a volume space;
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a Last written address in an area for Real-time files and Data files.
[Fig. 6] Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining a Last written address in an area for Real-time files and Data files.
[Fig. 7] Fig. 7 is a diagram for explaining a Last written address in an area for Real-time files and Data files.
[Fig. 8] Fig. 8 is a diagram for explaining a Last written address in an area for Real-time files and Data files.
FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a problem when there is no information of a final write address.
FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a Last written address in a gathered files area.
FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a Last written address in a gathered files area.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a gathered files area divides Real-time files and Data files areas.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a data structure of an Anchor Information Area.
FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a Files System Descriptor.
FIG. 15 is a flowchart for explaining the flow from the contents of the Anchor Information Area to the MIA in the case of the data structure of FIG.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating another example of the data structure of the Anchor Inoformation Area.
FIG. 17 is a flowchart for explaining the flow from the contents of the Anchor Inoformation Area to the MIA in the case of the data structure of FIG.
FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a moving image recording / playback apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 19 is a flowchart for explaining the flow of data recording processing on a recording medium based on the Last Written Address of each of the Real-time files, Data files area, and Gathered files area.
FIG. 20 is a flowchart for explaining the flow of processing for acquiring the Last Written Address of each of the Real-time files, Data files area, and Gathered files area based on the contents of the Anchor Information Area.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Recording medium, 11 Reading part, 12 Demodulation part, 13 ECC decoding part, 14 Source depacketizer, 15 Demultiplexer, 16 AV decoder, 17 Control part, 18 Writing part, 19 Modulation part, 20 ECC encoding part, 21 Source packetizer, 22 multiplexer, 23 AV encoder
Based on the attribute for determining the area of the information recording medium in which the information to be recorded on the information recording medium is arranged, the information includes first information having an attribute that requires writing or reading to be completed within a predetermined time. A first area for controlling reproduction of the first information having an attribute that needs to be read in a short time when the information recording medium is loaded and recorded in the first area defined in advance of the recording medium. 1st recording means which records 2 information in the 2nd field specified beforehand of the above-mentioned information recording medium,
Acquisition means for acquiring a first address at which the first information in the first area is recorded last, and a second address at which the second information in the second area is recorded last. When,
Second recording means for recording the first address and the second address acquired by the acquisition means in the same management data of the information recording medium,
The first recording means converts the first information into the first information based on the first address, the second address, and address information of a free area recorded on the information recording medium . Even if there is an empty area before the first address, it is recorded in the empty area of the first area immediately after the first address , and the second information is immediately after the second address. To the empty area of the second area, and a new second area is created in the information recording medium in accordance with the amount of defects in the second area.
An attribute for determining an area of the information recording medium in which information to be recorded on the information recording medium is arranged, and writing or reading is completed within a predetermined time in a predetermined first area of the information recording medium When the information recording medium is loaded in the first address where the first information having the attribute that needs to be recorded is last recorded in the second area defined in advance of the information recording medium, Based on the second address last recorded with the second information for controlling the reproduction of the first information, and the address information of the free space . Even when a free area exists before the first address, the information is recorded in the free area of the first area immediately after the first address , and the second information is recorded Second ad And records in an empty area of the second region immediately after the scan, a first recording step of making according to the amount of defects of the second region, the new second region on the information recording medium,
The first address at which the first information in the first area was recorded last by the processing of the first recording step, and the second information in the second area are recorded at the end. Obtaining the second address; and
And a second recording step of recording the first address and the second address acquired by the processing of the acquisition step in the same management data of the information recording medium.
And a second recording step of recording the first address and the second address acquired by the processing of the acquisition step in the same management data of the information recording medium. Storage medium on which various programs are stored.
A program that causes a computer to execute the second recording step of recording the first address and the second address acquired by the processing of the acquisition step in the same management data of the information recording medium.
JP2001365631A 2001-11-30 2001-11-30 Information recording apparatus and method, program storage medium, and program Active JP4756623B2 (en)
JP2001365631A JP4756623B2 (en) 2001-11-30 2001-11-30 Information recording apparatus and method, program storage medium, and program
TW91134639A TWI230331B (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-28 Information recording method and apparatus, information reproducing method and apparatus, information recording medium, program storage medium
CN 02805759 CN100419898C (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-29 Information recording method and apparatus, information reproducing method and apparatus, information recording medium, program storage medium and program
CA 2438503 CA2438503C (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-29 Information recording method and apparatus, and information recording medium
CA2785131A CA2785131C (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-29 Information recording method and apparatus, and information recording medium
AT02783716T AT546816T (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-29 Information registration method and device, information reproduction method and device, information recording medium, program memory and program
AU2002347638A AU2002347638A1 (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-29 Information recording method and apparatus, information reproducing method and apparatus, information recording medium, program storage medium and program
PCT/JP2002/012561 WO2003046916A2 (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-29 Information recording method and apparatus, information reproducing method and apparatus, information recording medium, program storage medium and program
KR1020037011429A KR100941799B1 (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-29 Information recording method and apparatus, information reproducing method and apparatus, information recording medium, and program storage medium
EP02783716A EP1466325B1 (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-29 Information recording method and apparatus, information reproducing method and apparatus, information recording medium, program storage medium and program
US10/469,510 US7366066B2 (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-29 Information recording method and apparatus, information reproducing method and apparatus, information recording medium, and program storage medium with overwrite protection features limiting the possible number of rewrites
US12/043,645 US7738330B2 (en) 2001-11-30 2008-03-06 Information recording method and apparatus, information reproducing method and apparatus, information recording medium, program storage medium and program
JP2003168266A JP2003168266A (en) 2003-06-13
JP4756623B2 true JP4756623B2 (en) 2011-08-24
ID=19175626
JP2001365631A Active JP4756623B2 (en) 2001-11-30 2001-11-30 Information recording apparatus and method, program storage medium, and program
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EP (1) EP1466325B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4756623B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100941799B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100419898C (en)
AT (1) AT546816T (en)
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2001-11-30 JP JP2001365631A patent/JP4756623B2/en active Active
2002-11-28 TW TW91134639A patent/TWI230331B/en active
2002-11-29 EP EP02783716A patent/EP1466325B1/en active Active
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2002-11-29 AU AU2002347638A patent/AU2002347638A1/en not_active Abandoned
2002-11-29 CA CA2785131A patent/CA2785131C/en active Active
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2002-11-29 CN CN 02805759 patent/CN100419898C/en active IP Right Grant
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2008-03-20 A521 Written amendment
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