Source: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2010-title29/html/USCODE-2010-title29-chap28.htm
Timestamp: 2020-01-21 15:50:18
Document Index: 291025880

Matched Legal Cases: ['§1', '§565', '§565', '§565', '§565', '§565', '§102', '§585', '§565', '§2', '§565', '§565', '§565', '§585', '§585', '§585', '§585', '§585', '§585', '§585', '§585', '§108', '§394', '§1076', '§585', '§2631', '§301', '§2632', '§302', '§2633', '§303', '§2634', '§304', '§2635', '§305', '§2636', '§306', '§2651', '§401', '§2652', '§402', '§2654', '§404']

CHAPTER 28—FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE
Leave requirement.
Employment and benefits protection.
Investigative authority.
Special rules concerning employees of local educational agencies.
SUBCHAPTER II—COMMISSION ON LEAVE
Effect on existing employment benefits.
Encouragement of more generous leave policies.
Section 405 title IV of Pub. L. 103–3 provided that:
“(a) Title III.—Title III [enacting subchapter II of this chapter] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1993].
“(b) Other Titles.—
“(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), titles I, II, and V and this title [enacting subchapters I and III of this chapter, sections 60m and 60n of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 6381 to 6387 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and amending section 2105 of Title 5] shall take effect 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act.
“(2) Collective bargaining agreements.—In the case of a collective bargaining agreement in effect on the effective date prescribed by paragraph (1), title I [enacting subchapter I of this chapter] shall apply on the earlier of—
“(A) the date of the termination of such agreement; or
“(B) the date that occurs 12 months after the date of the enactment of this Act.”
Pub. L. 111–119, §1, Dec. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 3476, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 2611 and 2612 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Airline Flight Crew Technical Corrections Act’.”
Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 103–3 provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter, sections 60m and 60n of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 6381 to 6387 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, amending section 2105 of Title 5, and enacting provisions set out above] may be cited as the ‘Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993’.”
The terms “commerce” and “industry or activity affecting commerce” mean any activity, business, or industry in commerce or in which a labor dispute would hinder or obstruct commerce or the free flow of commerce, and include “commerce” and any “industry affecting commerce”, as defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 142 of this title.
The term “eligible employee” means an employee who has been employed—
The term “eligible employee” does not include—
The terms “employ”, “employee”, and “State” have the same meanings given such terms in subsections (c), (e), and (g) of section 203 of this title.
(iii) includes any “public agency”, as defined in section 203(x) of this title; and
The term “employment benefits” means all benefits provided or made available to employees by an employer, including group life insurance, health insurance, disability insurance, sick leave, annual leave, educational benefits, and pensions, regardless of whether such benefits are provided by a practice or written policy of an employer or through an “employee benefit plan”, as defined in section 1002(3) of this title.
The term “parent” means the biological parent of an employee or an individual who stood in loco parentis to an employee when the employee was a son or daughter.
The term “person” has the same meaning given such term in section 203(a) of this title.
The term “reduced leave schedule” means a leave schedule that reduces the usual number of hours per workweek, or hours per workday, of an employee.
The term “spouse” means a husband or wife, as the case may be.
The term “next of kin”, used with respect to an individual, means the nearest blood relative of that individual.
The term “veteran” has the meaning given the term in section 101 of title 38.
Par. (14). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(a)(1)(A)(i), added par. (14) and struck out former par. (14). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The term ‘active duty’ means duty under a call or order to active duty under a provision of law referred to in section 101(a)(13)(B) of title 10.”
Par. (15). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(a)(2), amended par. (15) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The term ‘covered servicemember’ means a member of the Armed Forces, including a member of the National Guard or Reserves, who is undergoing medical treatment, recuperation, or therapy, is otherwise in outpatient status, or is otherwise on the temporary disability retired list, for a serious injury or illness.”
Pub. L. 111–84, §565(a)(1)(A)(ii), redesignated par. (16) as (15) and struck out former par. (15). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The term ‘contingency operation’ has the same meaning given such term in section 101(a)(13) of title 10.”
Par. (18). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(a)(3), added par. (18) and struck out former par. (18). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The term ‘serious injury or illness’, in the case of a member of the Armed Forces, including a member of the National Guard or Reserves, means an injury or illness incurred by the member in line of duty on active duty in the Armed Forces that may render the member medically unfit to perform the duties of the member's office, grade, rank, or rating.”
2004—Par. (4)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.
Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §565(a)(5), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2311, provided that: “In prescribing regulations to carry out the amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 2612 and 2613 of this title], the Secretary of Labor shall consult with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, as applicable.”
Subject to section 2613 of this title, an eligible employee shall be entitled to a total of 12 workweeks of leave during any 12-month period for one or more of the following:
During the single 12-month period described in paragraph (3), an eligible employee shall be entitled to a combined total of 26 workweeks of leave under paragraphs (1) and (3). Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to limit the availability of leave under paragraph (1) during any other 12-month period.
Except as provided in subsection (d), leave granted under subsection (a) may consist of unpaid leave. Where an employee is otherwise exempt under regulations issued by the Secretary pursuant to section 213(a)(1) of this title, the compliance of an employer with this subchapter by providing unpaid leave shall not affect the exempt status of the employee under such section.
In any case in which the necessity for leave under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1) is foreseeable based on an expected birth or placement, the employee shall provide the employer with not less than 30 days’ notice, before the date the leave is to begin, of the employee's intention to take leave under such subparagraph, except that if the date of the birth or placement requires leave to begin in less than 30 days, the employee shall provide such notice as is practicable.
(B) shall provide the employer with not less than 30 days’ notice, before the date the leave is to begin, of the employee's intention to take leave under such subparagraph, except that if the date of the treatment requires leave to begin in less than 30 days, the employee shall provide such notice as is practicable.
(Pub. L. 103–3, title I, §102, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §585(a)(2), (3)(A)–(D), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 129, 130; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §565(a)(1)(B), (4), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2309, 2311; Pub. L. 111–119, §2(b), Dec. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 3477.)
2009—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(a)(1)(B)(i), substituted “covered active duty” for “active duty” in two places and struck out “in support of a contingency operation” before period.
Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(a)(4), substituted “parent, or covered servicemember” for “or parent”.
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(a)(1)(B)(ii), substituted “covered active duty” for “active duty” in heading and in two places in text and struck out “in support of a contingency operation” before “, the employee shall provide”.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(a)(3)(A)(i), (ii), in second sentence, substituted “subsection (b)(5) or (f) (as appropriate) of section 2613” for “section 2613(b)(5)” and inserted “or under subsection (a)(3)” after “subsection (a)(1)” and, after second sentence, inserted “Subject to subsection (e)(3) and section 2613(f) of this title, leave under subsection (a)(1)(E) may be taken intermittently or on a reduced leave schedule.”
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(a)(3)(A)(iii), inserted “or under subsection (a)(3)” after “subsection (a)(1)”.
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(a)(3)(B)(i), inserted “(or 26 workweeks in the case of leave provided under subsection (a)(3))” after “fewer than 12 workweeks” and “(or 26 workweeks, as appropriate)” after “attain the 12 workweeks”.
Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(a)(3)(B)(ii), substituted “(C), or (E)” for “or (C)”.
Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(a)(3)(B)(iii), inserted at end “An eligible employee may elect, or an employer may require the employee, to substitute any of the accrued paid vacation leave, personal leave, family leave, or medical or sick leave of the employee for leave provided under subsection (a)(3) for any part of the 26-week period of such leave under such subsection, except that nothing in this subchapter requires an employer to provide paid sick leave or paid medical leave in any situation in which the employer would not normally provide any such paid leave.”
Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(a)(3)(C)(i), inserted “or under subsection (a)(3)” after “subsection (a)(1)” in introductory provisions.
Certification provided under subsection (a) of this section shall be sufficient if it states—
In any case in which the employer has reason to doubt the validity of the certification provided under subsection (a) of this section for leave under subparagraph (C) or (D) of section 2612(a)(1) of this title, the employer may require, at the expense of the employer, that the eligible employee obtain the opinion of a second health care provider designated or approved by the employer concerning any information certified under subsection (b) of this section for such leave.
In any case in which the second opinion described in subsection (c) of this section differs from the opinion in the original certification provided under subsection (a) of this section, the employer may require, at the expense of the employer, that the employee obtain the opinion of a third health care provider designated or approved jointly by the employer and the employee concerning the information certified under subsection (b) of this section.
2009—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 111–84 substituted “covered active duty” for “active duty” in two places in heading.
2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(a)(3)(E)(i), substituted “paragraph (1) or paragraph (3) of section 2612(a)” for “section 2612(a)(1)” and inserted “or of the next of kin of an individual in the case of leave taken under such paragraph (3),” after “parent of the employee,”.
Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, any eligible employee who takes leave under section 2612 of this title for the intended purpose of the leave shall be entitled, on return from such leave—
An employer may deny restoration under subsection (a) of this section to any eligible employee described in paragraph (2) if—
Except as provided in paragraph (2), during any period that an eligible employee takes leave under section 2612 of this title, the employer shall maintain coverage under any “group health plan” (as defined in section 5000(b)(1) of title 26) for the duration of such leave at the level and under the conditions coverage would have been provided if the employee had continued in employment continuously for the duration of such leave.
2008—Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(a)(3)(F)(i), inserted “or under section 2612(a)(3) of this title” before semicolon.
To ensure compliance with the provisions of this subchapter, or any regulation or order issued under this subchapter, the Secretary shall have, subject to subsection (c) of this section, the investigative authority provided under section 211(a) of this title.
(A) on the filing of a complaint by the Secretary in an action under subsection (d) of this section in which restraint is sought of any further delay in the payment of the amount described in paragraph (1)(A) to such employee by an employer responsible under paragraph (1) for the payment; or
(B) on the filing of a complaint by the Secretary in an action under subsection (b) of this section in which a recovery is sought of the damages described in paragraph (1)(A) owing to an eligible employee by an employer liable under paragraph (1),
The Secretary may bring an action in any court of competent jurisdiction to recover the damages described in subsection (a)(1)(A) of this section.
2008—Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(i)(II). Pub. L. 110–181 inserted “(or 26 weeks, in a case involving leave under section 2612(a)(3) of this title)” after “12 weeks”.
2004—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office” in heading and text.
(A) any “local educational agency” (as defined in section 7801 of title 20) and an eligible employee of the agency; and
The term “eligible employee” means an eligible employee of an agency or school described in paragraph (1).
The term “employer” means an agency or school described in paragraph (1).
(Pub. L. 103–3, title I, §108, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §394(e), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4027; Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1076(v), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2093; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §585(a)(3)(H), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 131.)
2008—Subsecs. (c)(1), (d)(2), (3). Pub. L. 110–181 inserted “or under section 2612(a)(3) of this title” after “section 2612(a)(1) of this title”.
2002—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 107–110 substituted “section 7801 of title 20” for “section 8801 of title 20”.
1994—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 103–382 substituted “section 8801 of title 20” for “section 2891(12) of title 20”.
§2631. Establishment
There is established a commission to be known as the Commission on Leave (referred to in this subchapter as the “Commission”).
(Pub. L. 103–3, title III, §301, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 23.)
§2632. Duties
(1) conduct a comprehensive study of—
(E) alternate and equivalent State enforcement of subchapter I of this chapter with respect to employees described in section 2618(a) of this title;
(G) the ability of the employers to recover, under section 2614(c)(2) of this title, the premiums described in such section; and
(Pub. L. 103–3, title III, §302, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 23.)
This Act, referred to in par. (1)(A), (D), is Pub. L. 103–3, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 6, known as the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, which enacted this chapter, sections 60m and 60n of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 6381 to 6387 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, amended section 2105 of Title 5, and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 2601 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2601 of this title and Tables.
§2633. Membership
(1) Appointments
The Commission shall be composed of 12 voting members and 4 ex officio members to be appointed not later than 60 days after February 5, 1993, as follows:
One Senator shall be appointed by the Majority Leader of the Senate, and one Senator shall be appointed by the Minority Leader of the Senate.
(B) Members of House of Representatives
One Member of the House of Representatives shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and one Member of the House of Representatives shall be appointed by the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives.
The Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Administrator of the Small Business Administration shall serve on the Commission as nonvoting ex officio members.
Any vacancy on the Commission shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made. The vacancy shall not affect the power of the remaining members to execute the duties of the Commission.
(c) Chairperson and vice chairperson
The Commission shall elect a chairperson and a vice chairperson from among the members of the Commission.
Eight members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum for all purposes, except that a lesser number may constitute a quorum for the purpose of holding hearings.
(Pub. L. 103–3, title III, §303, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 24.)
§2634. Compensation
Members of the Commission shall be allowed reasonable travel expenses, including a per diem allowance, in accordance with section 5703 of title 5 when performing duties of the Commission.
(Pub. L. 103–3, title III, §304, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 25.)
§2635. Powers
The Commission shall first meet not later than 30 days after the date on which all members are appointed, and the Commission shall meet thereafter on the call of the chairperson or a majority of the members.
(b) Hearings and sessions
The Commission may hold such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence as the Commission considers appropriate. The Commission may administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses appearing before it.
The Commission may secure directly from any Federal agency information necessary to enable it to carry out this subchapter, if the information may be disclosed under section 552 of title 5. Subject to the previous sentence, on the request of the chairperson or vice chairperson of the Commission, the head of such agency shall furnish such information to the Commission.
(d) Use of facilities and services
Upon the request of the Commission, the head of any Federal agency may make available to the Commission any of the facilities and services of such agency.
(e) Personnel from other agencies
On the request of the Commission, the head of any Federal agency may detail any of the personnel of such agency to serve as an Executive Director of the Commission or assist the Commission in carrying out the duties of the Commission. Any detail shall not interrupt or otherwise affect the civil service status or privileges of the Federal employee.
(f) Voluntary service
Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the chairperson of the Commission may accept for the Commission voluntary services provided by a member of the Commission.
(Pub. L. 103–3, title III, §305, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 25.)
§2636. Termination
(Pub. L. 103–3, title III, §306, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 25.)
§2651. Effect on other laws
(Pub. L. 103–3, title IV, §401, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 26.)
Subchapter effective 6 months after Feb. 5, 1993, see section 405(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–3, set out as a note under section 2601 of this title.
§2652. Effect on existing employment benefits
(a) More protective
Nothing in this Act or any amendment made by this Act shall be construed to diminish the obligation of an employer to comply with any collective bargaining agreement or any employment benefit program or plan that provides greater family or medical leave rights to employees than the rights established under this Act or any amendment made by this Act.
(b) Less protective
The rights established for employees under this Act or any amendment made by this Act shall not be diminished by any collective bargaining agreement or any employment benefit program or plan.
(Pub. L. 103–3, title IV, §402, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 26.)
§2654. Regulations
The Secretary of Labor shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out subchapter I of this chapter and this subchapter not later than 120 days after February 5, 1993.
(Pub. L. 103–3, title IV, §404, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 26.)