Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7523617?dq=7,249,099
Timestamp: 2017-05-26 07:38:42
Document Index: 621324957

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

Patent US7523617 - Thin film thermoelectric devices for hot-spot thermal management in ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA structure, system and method for controlling a temperature of a heat generating device in a solid medium, wherein heat is extracted from the medium into at least one heat extraction device, the heat extraction device dissipates heat into an environment apart from the medium by a heat sink thermally...http://www.google.com/patents/US7523617?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7523617 - Thin film thermoelectric devices for hot-spot thermal management in microprocessors and other electronicsAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7523617 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/970,378Publication dateApr 28, 2009Filing dateOct 22, 2004Priority dateOct 22, 2004Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS7997087, US20060086118, US20090282852, WO2007015701A2, WO2007015701A3Publication number10970378, 970378, US 7523617 B2, US 7523617B2, US-B2-7523617, US7523617 B2, US7523617B2InventorsRama Venkatasubramanian, Randall G. Alley, Pratima Addepalli, Anil J. Reddy, Edward P. Siivola, Brooks C. O'Quinn, Kip D. Coonley, John Posthill, Thomas ColpittsOriginal AssigneeNextreme Thermal Solutions, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (100), Non-Patent Citations (87), Referenced by (13), Classifications (15), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetThin film thermoelectric devices for hot-spot thermal management in microprocessors and other electronics
This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/372,139 entitled “Thermoelectric device technology utilizing double-sided Peltier junctions” filed on Apr. 15, 2002, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 6,300,150 entitled “Thin-film thermoelectric device and fabrication method of same” issued Oct. 9, 2001, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 6,071,351 entitled “Low temperature chemical vapor depositor and etching apparatus and method” issued Jun. 6, 2002, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 6,505,468 entitled “Cascade cryogenic thermoelectric cooler for cryogenic and room temperature applications” issued Jan. 14, 2003, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is also related to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/253,743 entitled “Spontaneous emission enhanced heat transport method and structures for cooling, sensing, and power generation”, filed Nov. 29, 2000, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference, and subsequently filed as PCT Application No. PCT/US01/44517 filed Nov. 29, 2001. This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/428,753, “Three-Thermal-Terminal (T3) Trans-Thermoelectric Device”, filed Nov. 25, 2002, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/528,479, “Thin Film Thermoelectric Devices for Power Conversion and Cooling”, filed Dec. 11, 2003, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to U.S. Ser. No. 10/265,409, “Phonon-Blocking Electron-Transmitting Low-Dimensional Structures”, filed Oct. 7, 2002, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Further, the headers (i.e., the upper side and lower side headers 4 and 6) of the present invention can be made from silicon having for example a thermal conductivity of ˜1.2 to 1.6 W/cm-K having a thin (i.e. ˜10 nm to 1000 nm) SiO2 or SixNy layer of a thermal conductivity of ˜0.015 W/cm-K deposited thereon. Additionally, the headers of the present invention can also be made from a Cu substrate of a thermal conductivity of ˜4 W/cm-K having a thin (i.e. ˜100 to 1000 nm) SiO2 or SixNy layer of a thermal conductivity of ˜0.015 W/cm-K deposited thereon.
The packing fraction of thermoelements (i.e., the fraction of area occupied by the pair of n and p-type thermoelements 3 a and 3 b relative to a unit area of for example the upper-side header 6) in one embodiment of the present invention is less than 50%, preferably less than 20%, and can be significantly lower, such as for example 0.5-1%. A unit area for the heat spreader is defined as that fraction of the total area of the heat spreader which principally conducts heat into one of the associated pairs of n and p-type thermoelements attached to the heat spreader. For a single pair of n and p-type thermoelements, the unit area would be one half area of the upper side header 6 shown in FIG. 1. For instance, while the total heat flux into upper-side header 6 and out the lower-side header 4 can be on the order of 10-30 W/cm2, the heat flux through each thermoelectric pair 3 a and 3 b can be as much as a factor of 100 times higher. As such, a high internal heat-flux exists within the individual thermoelectric elements (e.g., ˜900 W/cm2 for a ΔT across each stage of 40K). Meanwhile, a low external heat-flux exists across the entirety of the thermoelectric device (e.g., a range from 5 to 15 W/cm2). Details of the packing fraction selection and determination are described in U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/528,479.
For the 10 Å/50 Å Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattice shown in FIG. 3 b, the measured cross-plane electrical resistivity (ρ⊥) is 8.47E-4 Ohm-cm. With an in-plane electrical resistivity (ρin-plane) of 9.48E-4 Ohm-cm, ρ⊥/ρin-plane or μ⊥/μin-plane is ˜1.12. For the sample in FIG. 3 c, ρ ⊥ is 5.26e-4 Ohm-cm and the ρin-plane is 5.5E-4 Ohm-cm, and the anisotropy is ˜1.05.
Another alternative approach of the present invention for integrating the various thermoelectric conversion stages utilizes radiant thermal energy transfer using Purcell-enhancement cavity transmitter/receiver structures such as those described in the afore-mentioned U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/253,743, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, entitled “Spontaneous emission enhanced heat transport method and structures for cooling, sensing, and power generation” for heat transfer from one thermoelectric power conversion stage to another. In this approach, the radiant portion, if not the dominant process, plays a substantial role in managing thermal stress by providing less-rigidly-bonded interfaces. Indeed, the present invention can utilize Purcell enhancement from an enhanced density of radiative modes in small-scale structures (similar to enhanced electronic density of states in quantum-confined systems) for enhanced spontaneous emission using patterned/μm-size-range, appropriately-spaced, structures for specific temperatures, on the heat spreader. FIG. 9 is a schematic (not to scale) depicting the utilization of radiant coupling in the present invention. Thus, engineered micro-fins 16 as shown in FIG. 9 can also potentially enhance spontaneous radiative heat transport. The engineered micro-fins 16 have μm-size geometries achievable with photolithography a large-area wafers for a cost-effective implementation.
Spontaneous emission enhanced heat transport (SEEHT) may additionally enhance emission at infra-red wavelengths near 300K. The incorporation of micron or sub-micron size Purcell cavities, will provide for the theoretical maximum radiative emission at peak wavelengths of 10 μm which will enhance heat transport by as much as a factor of 1000 at 300K, leading to a radiative dissipative flux of ΦSEEHT of 44 W/cm2. Such micron size particles incorporated by impregnation or self-assembly, followed by overgrowth, permit the scope for radiative heat transfer mechanisms to be considerably enhanced. Such particles can further be incorporated in high-thermal conductivity heat spreader such as SiC, AlN, Si, diamond, etc. While not limited to the following theory, the present invention recognizes that of enhanced emission with these Purcell cavity structures can be further enhanced/realized if there is matching of “increased density of states” in emitters with “increased density of states” with receivers/absorbers, i.e., resonant thermal energy transfer. In addition to “resonant thermal energy transfer” by Purcell-cavity effects, other “proximity coupling of radiative infrared modes” can be exploited as well, in the present invention. Utilization of radiation coupling will, according to the present invention, reduce thermal stress, by removing (strong) physical interfacial contacts between various stages. Further, the mechanical alignment of the resonant structures will not be a significant issue, given that the typical size of the inverted couple headers are ˜300 μm×300 μm.
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Bhat1,3 and Rama Venkatsubramanian2, 1-Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA. 2.-Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 3-e-mail:bhati@.rpi.edu., Journal of Electronics Materials, vol. 28, No. 10, 1999, pp. 1111-1114.52Optimization of the Heteroepitaxy of Ge on GaAs for Minority-Carrier Lifetime, Rama Venkatasubramanian, et al., Journal of Crystal Growth 112 (1991) pp. 7-13, Received Aug. 9, 1990; manuscript received in final form Dec. 14, 1990.53Optoelectronic Properties of Eutectic-Metal-Bonded (EMB) GaAs-AlGaAs Structures on Si Substrates, Rama Venkatasubramanian, et al., Solid-State Electronics vol. 37, No. 11, pp. 1809-1815, 1994.54Phonon Blocking Electron Transmitting Superlattice Structures as Advanced Thin Film Thermoelectric Materials, Rama Venkatasubramanian, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, Chapter 4, Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol., pp. 175-201.55Phonon-Blocking Electron-Transmitting Structures, Rama Venkatasubramanian et al., Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 18 International Conference on Thermoelectric (1999), pp. 100-103.56Photoexcited Carrier Lifetimes and Spatial Transport in Surface-free GaAS Homostructures, L.M. Smith et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, vol. 8, No. 4 Jul./Aug. 1990, pp. 787-792.57Photoluminescence of Porous Silicon Buried Underneath Epitaxial GaP, J.C., Campbell, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 60, No. 7, Feb. 17, 1992, pp. 889-891.58Photoreflectance Characterization of InP and GaAs Solar Cells, R.G. Rodrigues et al., 1993 IEEE pp. 681-685.59Physical Basis and Characteristics of Light Emission From Quantized Planar Ge Structures, Rama Venkatasubramanian, et al., pp. 15.4.1-15.4.4.60Potential of Si-based Superlattice Thermoelectric Materials for Integration with Si Microelectronics, Rama Venkatasubramanian et al., 1998 IEEE, p. 869.61Properties and Use of Cycled Grown OMVPE GaAs: Zn, GaAs:Se, and GaAS:Si Layers for High-Conductance GaAS Tunnel Junctions, Rama Venkatasubramanian et al., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, pp. 893-899.62Radiative Recombination in Surface free n+In-In+ GaAs Homostructures, L.M. Smith and D.J. Wolford et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 57, No. 15, Oct. 8, 1990, pp. 1572-1574.63Reddy et al. "Measurement and Analysis of Power Conversion Efficiency in Thin-Film and Segmented Thermoelectric Devices" Thermoelectrics, ICT 2005, 24th International Conference pp. 72-75 (2005).64RTI International Annual Report 2001, Turning Knowledge into Practice, pp. 4-37.65RTI International, "New Thermoelectric Materials Can Keep Chips Cool Advances in Fiber Optics and in Biotechnology also are Likely" Oct. 9, 2001.66RTI Research Yields Major Advance in Thermoelectrics, Rama Venkatsubramanian et al., pp. 8-9.67Samuel K. Moore, Making Chips, IEEE Spectrum, Biotechnology, Mar. 2001, pp. 54-60.68Selective Plasma Etching of Ge Substrates for Thin Freestanding GaAs-AlGaAs Heterostructures, Rama Venkatasubramanian et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 59, No. 17, Oct. 21, 1991, pp. 2153-2155.69Semiconductors are Cool, News and Views, Cronin B. Vining, 2001 Macmillan Magazines Ltd., Nature, vol. 413, Oct. 11, 2001, www.nature.com, pp. 577-578.70Shakouri et al; "On-Chip Solid-State Cooling for Integrated Circuits Using Thin-Film Microrefrigerators"; XP-002428271, IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, vol. 28, No. 1, Mar. 2005, pp. 65-69.71Silicon and GAAS/GE Concentrator Power Plants: A Comparison of Cost of Energy Produced, R.A. Whisnant et al., First WCPEC; Dec. 5-9, 1994; Hawaii, 1994 IEEE pp. 1103-1106.72Smaller, Faster, Efficient Thermoelectric Cooling, Rama Venkatasubramanian, vol. 30, No. 41, Oct. 17, 2001 ISSN: 0300-757X, pp. 1-2.73Sneak Preview, Optical Device Transfers Data Fast, Rama Venkatasubramanian, design news Dec. 17, 2001. p. 14.74Superlattice Thin-film Thermoelectric Materials and Devices; Rama Venkatasubramanian et al.; Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 793 (2004 Materials Research Society) pp. 51-58.75Supplementary Partial European Search Report, Application No. EP 02 72 5575 (Apr. 4, 2006).76The Growth and Radiation Response of N+p Deep Homojunction InP Solar Cells, M.J. Panunto et al., M.L. Timmons, et al., First WCPEC; Dec. 5-9, 1994; Hawaii, pp. 2192-2195.77The New Face of A.I., Michael Powell, Merger Maniac Europe's CD Underworld, The Supercheap Future of Flying, Mar. 2002, Hacking the Racetrack, Insife Nuke University, Wired, A New Kind of Cool, Rama Venkatasubramanian.78Thermal Characterization of Bi2, Te3/Sb2 Te3 Superlattices, M.N. Touzelbaev and P. Zhou, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-3030, Rama Venkatasubramanian, Center for Semiconductor Research, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709-2195, K.E. 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Jul. 18, 2002, pp. 1-2.81Thermoelectronics from Hot to Cool, New Technology Offers Efficient way to Heat or Cool ICS in Operation, Jeff Dorsch, Semiconductor Magazine, http://www.semi.org/web/wmagazine.nsf/4f55b97743c2d02e882565bf006c2459/27e74866ea ..., Jun. 20, 2002, pp. 1-3.82Thin-Film Technology, Research Triangle Institute, Investment Opportunities, in Thermoelectronics, Apr. 6, 2001, website http://www.rti.org/units/es.cfm, pp. 1-2.83Thin-Film Thermoelectric Devices with High Room-Temperature Figures of Merit, Rama Venkatasubramanian et al., Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA, 2001 Macmillian Magazines Lt., Nature, vol. 413, Oct. 11, 2001, www.nature.com pp. 597-602.84US 6,381,965, 05/2002, Ghoshal (withdrawn)85Venkatasubramanian et al., "Thin-film thermoelectric devices with high room0temperature figures of merit"; XP-001090991, Nature vol. 413 (Oct. 11, 2001) pp. 597-602.86Visible Light Emission From Quantized Ge Structures, Rama Venkatasubramanian et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 59, No. 13, Sep. 23, 1991, pp. 1603-1605.87Zhang et al.; "High Speed Localized Cooling Using SiGe Superlattice Microrefrigerators"; 19th IEEE (2003) Semi-Therm Symposium pp. 61-65.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7914271Nov 29, 2007Mar 29, 2011Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.Gate insert heating and coolingUS8665592 *Oct 25, 2011Mar 4, 2014Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.Heat management using power management informationUS8982586Dec 23, 2010Mar 17, 2015Caterpillar Inc.Method for regulating temperature of transistor-based componentUS9099427Oct 30, 2013Aug 4, 2015International Business Machines CorporationThermal energy dissipation using backside thermoelectric devicesUS9306143Jul 30, 2013Apr 5, 2016Gentherm IncorporatedHigh efficiency thermoelectric generationUS9478723Jan 28, 2011Oct 25, 2016Nicholas F. 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