Source: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/rus/print/v2_cou_nz_rule7
Timestamp: 2020-08-05 17:08:41
Document Index: 162609571

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 205', '§ 515', '§ 524', '§ 4', '§ 524', '§ 516', '§ 623', '§ 628']

Customary IHL - 7. Принцип проведения различия между гражданскими объектами и военными объектами
2. Практика\Принцип проведения различия между гражданскими объектами и военными объектами
Норма 7 (current)
Норма 10
Норма 21
Норма 105
Норма 141
Норма 148
Норма 159
Practice Relating to Rule 7. The Principle of Distinction between Civilian Objects and Military Objectives
Section A. The principle of distinction
New Zealand’s Military Manual (1992) provides:
The principle of distinction, also sometimes called the principle of identification, imposes an obligation on commanders to distinguish between legitimate military objectives and civilian objects and the civilian population when conducting military operations, particularly when selecting targets.
New Zealand, Interim Law of Armed Conflict Manual, DM 112, New Zealand Defence Force, Headquarters, Directorate of Legal Services, Wellington, November 1992, § 205.
Section B. Attacks against military objectives
New Zealand’s Military Manual (1992) provides: “Attacks must be directed against military objectives.”
New Zealand, Interim Law of Armed Conflict Manual, DM 112, New Zealand Defence Force, Headquarters, Directorate of Legal Services, Wellington, November 1992, § 515(1); see also §§ 524(1)(c), 622(1) and 624(1)(c).
Upon ratification of the 1977 Additional Protocol I, New Zealand stated: “The first sentence of paragraph 2 of [Article 52] is not intended to, nor does it, deal with the question of incidental or collateral damage resulting from an attack directed against a military objective.”
New Zealand, Declarations made upon ratification of the 1977 Additional Protocol I, 8 February 1988, § 4.
Section C. Attacks against civilian objects in general
New Zealand’s Military Manual (1992) provides: “Attacks may not be directed against … civilian objects”.
New Zealand, Interim Law of Armed Conflict Manual, DM 112, New Zealand Defence Force, Headquarters, Directorate of Legal Services, Wellington, November 1992, §§ 524(2)(b) and 624(2)(b).
Under New Zealand’s International Crimes and ICC Act (2000), war crimes include the crime defined in Article 8(2)(b)(ii) of the 1998 ICC Statute.
New Zealand, International Crimes and ICC Act, 2000, Section 11(2).
Section E. Attacks against civilian means of transportation
New Zealand’s Military Manual (1992) states:
Civilian vessels, aircraft, vehicles and buildings may be lawfully attacked if they contain combatant personnel or military equipment or supplies or are otherwise associated with combat activity inconsistent with their civilian status and if collateral damage would not be excessive under the circumstances.
New Zealand, Interim Law of Armed Conflict Manual, DM 112, New Zealand Defence Force, Headquarters, Directorate of Legal Services, Wellington, November 1992, § 516(3); see also § 623(3).
Civil aircraft (including State aircraft which are not military aircraft) in flight should not be attacked. They are presumed to be carrying civilians who may not be made the object of direct attack. If there is doubt as to the status of a civil aircraft, it should be called upon to clarify that status. If it fails to do so, or is engaged in non-civil activities, such as ferrying troops, it may be attacked. Civil aircraft should avoid entering areas which have been declared combat zones by the belligerents, since this increases the risk of their being attacked.
New Zealand, Interim Law of Armed Conflict Manual, DM 112, New Zealand Defence Force, Headquarters, Directorate of Legal Services, Wellington, November 1992, § 628(1).