Source: http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US8022969
Timestamp: 2013-12-06 00:36:44
Document Index: 200739542

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 04754603', 'Application No. 092113337']

Patent US8022969 - Rotatable display with sub-pixel rendering - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Advanced Patent Search | Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsIn a system comprising a processor, an image storage and a display, said display capable of displaying an image, and said image being renderable in a plurality of rotation degrees upon said display upon receipt of a command, a method of rotating an image, said image further comprising at least one member...http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US8022969?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8022969 - Rotatable display with sub-pixel renderingPublication numberUS8022969 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/150,394Publication date20 Sep 2011Filing date17 May 2002Priority date9 May 2001Also published asUS20020186229, WO2003098335A2, WO2003098335A3Publication number10150394, 150394, US 8022969 B2, US 8022969B2, US-B2-8022969, US8022969 B2, US8022969B2InventorsCandice Hellen Brown ElliottOriginal AssigneeSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Patent Citations (99), Non-Patent Citations (79), Referenced by (6), Classifications (30), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetRotatable display with sub-pixel renderingUS 8022969 B2Abstract In a system comprising a processor, an image storage and a display, said display capable of displaying an image, and said image being renderable in a plurality of rotation degrees upon said display upon receipt of a command, a method of rotating an image, said image further comprising at least one member of a group, said group comprising text and images capable of being sub-pixel rendered, comprises the steps of: sub-pixel rendering said at least one member of a group; grouping said sub-pixels into a plurality of sub-pixel groups; rotating said plurality of sub-pixel groups such that each said sub-pixel group is rotated as a pixel on a pixel-to-pixel basis. In another embodiment, the display upon which rotation is performed comprises substantially equal subpixel rendering addressability limits in horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions.
RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/051,612 (�the '612 application�), filed on Jan. 16, 2002, now published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0034992, and now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,123,277, entitled �CONVERSION OF A SUB-PIXEL FORMAT DATA TO ANOTHER SUB-PIXEL DATA FORMAT,� which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/051,612 claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/290,086, entitled �CONVERSION OF RGB PIXEL FORMAT DATA TO PENTILE MATRIX SUB-PIXEL DATA FORMAT,� filed on May 9, 2001; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/290,087, entitled �CALCULATING FILTER KERNEL VALUES FOR DIFFERENT SCALED MODES,� filed on May 9, 2001; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/290,143, entitled �SCALING SUB-PIXEL RENDERING ON PENTILE MATRIX,� filed on May 9, 2001; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/313,054, entitled �RGB STRIPE SUB-PIXEL RENDERING DETECTION,� filed on Aug. 16, 2001, which are all hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF INVENTION The invention pertains to the field of computer displays. More specifically, this invention pertains to rotation of color sub-pixelated displays using sub-pixel rendering.
BACKGROUND Computer displays typically are constructed in a manner to display text and other video information in a landscape mode. There have been, of course, some displays that are constructed to display video data in portrait mode. To bridge the gap between the two modes of displays, some have built software drivers to enable a display to be rotated between landscape and portrait mode (i.e. typically 90, 180, or 270 degrees) and then to hit a software switch (either automatically or under user-controlled input) in order to render the image �right-side up�. Badger, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,973,664, describes such a prior software system that enables the mapping of pixel information from one mode to the other�and hence, enables a rotatable display for desired user control.
When a user wishes to change the orientation of images 218 on computer display 216, the user makes a selection of one of a variety of possible orientation modes. When this selection occurs, driver 208 is notified, and a setup procedure begins so that images 218 later drawn to computer display 216 will have the desired orientation. This setup procedure involves using information about the desired orientation to calculate two increment parameters, X.sub.�Increment and Y.sub.�Increment. The X.sub.�Increment parameter indicates the difference in display memory 212 between pixels 308 which correspond to adjacent pixels 304 of the same source image line 302 in source memory 202. For example, pixels A and B are adjacent pixels 304 of the same source image line 302 in FIG. 3. For display image 210, the values of these two pixels 304 are transferred to A′ and B′ in display memory 212. The difference in memory addresses between A′ and B′ in display memory 212 is the X.sub.�Increment parameter. The Y.sub.�Increment parameter is the difference in display memory 212 between pixels 308 which correspond to adjacent pixels 304 of different source image lines 302 in source memory 202. For display image 210, pixels A′ and C′ correspond to pixels A and C of source memory 202, A and C being adjacent pixels 304 of different source image lines 302 in source memory 202. The difference in memory addresses between A′ and C′ in display memory 212 is the Y.sub.�Increment parameter.
When driver 208 is notified that image 204 is to be displayed on computer display 216, driver 208 invokes a set of software instructions to transfer image information 204 from source memory 202 into display memory 212 using the X.sub.�Increment and Y.sub.�Increment parameters, which are modified depending on the desired orientation mode. As each pixel 304 in a source image line 302 is transferred from source memory 202 to display memory 212, driver 208 determines the new pixel 308 location in display memory 212 by adding the X.sub.�Increment parameter to the location of the previous pixel 308 from that source image line 302. Each time a new source image line 302 is begun, the Y.sub.�Increment parameter is added to the location in display memory 212 of the first pixel 308 of the previous source image line 302. After the location in display memory 212 of the first pixel is determined, the location in display memory 212 of each subsequent pixel can be determined from the two increment parameters. In this way, the same set of instructions can effect the transfer of image information 204 regardless of which orientation mode selected, merely by changing the values of the X.sub.�Increment and Y.sub.�Increment parameters according to the selected orientation mode.
As useful as the Badger's system is (as depicted in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3) and while it is clearly desirable to have such user-flexibility in a display, the main limitation to the system disclosed by Badger is that the mapping takes places at the pixel-level�and no finer level of mapping is described. Today's displays are taking advantage of sub-pixel rendering�methods and apparatus that allow for a finer resolution of video data (in particular, text). In fact, both Microsoft and Adobe have methods that allow for sub-pixel rendering using the traditional RGB stripe.
For example, many, if not most, western text (Latin & Cyrillic) have more high spatial frequency components in the horizontal than the vertical direction. These high spatial frequencies are spread over a range of frequencies and phases. On a display with fixed square pixels, only certain high spatial frequencies and phases can be displayed. On a prior art RGB Stripe panel, display sub-pixel rendering offers higher addressability, thus allowing higher spatial frequencies to have a greater range of phases, but only in the direction normal to the stripes. Thus fonts are best rendered using sub-pixel rendering with the stripes aligned vertically, in line with the majority of long strokes of most of the characters. Displays conventionally meet this requirement when the lines of text are aligned horizontally along the long axis of typical flat panel displays in the so called �landscape� orientation. But when the lines of text are aligned with the short axis, and the display physically rotated to the so called �portrait� orientation, desired to allow display of full pages of text, as they are usually printed on paper in the �portrait� orientation, the stripes are normal to the long strokes. Since sub-pixel rendering only increases the addressability normal to the stripes, the conventionally oriented striped panel is suboptimal for use in sub-pixel rendering text in the portrait orientation, as the text requires greater addressability in the �wrong� axis.
For this reason, the stripes should be aligned vertically in portrait mode. This requires that the display be designated for use as a portrait display only. But many displays would benefit from the ability to be used in both modes. Many advantageous uses would abound�e.g. a flat panel monitor on a support that allows the user to rotate the display between portrait orientation for word processing and landscape orientation for other work; a so-called �tablet computer� or �Personal Digital Assistant� (�PDA�) that allows the user to read an electronically stored book in portrait orientation and turn it to view it in landscape orientation to view a calendar. Thus, it is highly desirable to have a display that allows equal sub-pixel rendering performance in both portrait and landscape orientations.
For some uses of flat panels, images are rotated at any or even all angles. One such use is for navigation aids in automobiles and handheld devices such as Geo Positioning System (GPS) enabled map displays. As the car or user changes orientation with respect to the terrain, the map rotates in the counter direction on the display to keep the relative orientation of the displayed map image aligned with the terrain. On prior art displays, such as the RGB Stripe display, conventional whole pixel rendering allows higher spatial frequencies in the diagonal directions. Images that are rotated on the display change quality depending on whether the high spatial frequencies are in alignment with the diagonals or not. Thus, an image, such as a map, seems to shift in appearance (and, potentially, usability) as the image is rotated. Thus, it is highly desirable to have a display that has equal performance in any and all orientations. That is to say, its Nyquist Limit, addressability, and/or MTF response curves are equal in all directions. If these response functions were plotted for such a display, they would from a circle with the center at zero spatial frequency�as will be discussed in greater detail below.
The family of display architectures�disclosed in the commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/916,232, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0015110 A1, and, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,903,754, to Candice Hellen Brown Elliott, entitled �ARRANGEMENT OF COLOR PIXELS FOR FULL COLOR IMAGING DEVICES WITH SIMPLIFIED ADDRESSING,� and known under the trademark name PENTILE��all share the common trait of a red and green sub-pixel checkerboard upon which luminance information is mapped using sub-pixel rendering. When these displays sub-pixel render images that are rotated about, the image quality and appearance remains substantially constant due to the symmetrical nature of the red and green sub-pixel checkerboard layout and the filter response of the sub-pixel rendering algorithms. If the Nyquist Limit, addressability, and/or MTF response curves are plotted for these display architectures, it is found that they are circles with the center at zero spatial frequency.
In addition to the problems mentioned above regarding the quality of text when sub-pixel rendered on said RGB Stripe displays, another problem occurs when the prior art RGB stripe sub-pixel rendering methods are followed by a pixel-to-pixel rotational mapping, such as e.g. taught by Badger. Typically, as is often attempted in commercial use, the sub-pixel rendering of text is performed by the operating system, and the screen image rotation and/or mirror performed by a �driver� afterwards. The problem arises when the text rendering code assumes that the sub-pixel stripes are aligned normal to the line of text (aligned with the tall stems of Western fonts). The sub-pixel rendered data is then remapped, improperly, by the screen rotation method such as taught by Badger, which has as an internal assumption, that the data is conventional, non-sub-pixel rendered data. That is to say that each red, green, and blue data point per pixel represent a color sample that is coincident. In sub-pixel rendered data, this assumption is false. When rotated by the Badger method, the sub-pixel rendering is �scrambled�.
SUMMARY One present embodiment is a method to modify the prior art RGB stripe sub-pixel rendering methods such that the assumption is that the screen to be used in portrait orientation, with the stripes running horizontally in this orientation, obtaining feedback from the parameters taught in Badger. This will allow the text rendering code to use a set of displaced filters that match the conditions of the parameters.
One present embodiment pre-sub-pixel renders the desired text, one character at time, that is to be rotated and/or mirrored to the orientation indicated by the selected parameters by a pixel to pixel rotational mapping scheme. Then each character bit map may be rotated by the pixel to pixel rotational mapping, such as taught by Badger, or any other suitable method, but in the converse (inverse) manner, before being stored as a bit map. If such a character were plotted to the graphics memory plane to its selected position, it would appear to be scrambled. When the entire image is rotated by the Badger, or other suitable method, the sub-pixel rendering is �unscrambled� back to its intended, useful alignment.
Yet another embodiment is to perform the rotation of conventional, high resolution images before sub-pixel rendering. Conventional data is drawn to the graphic memory plane. Using the Badger, or other suitable methods, the image is rotated and/or mirrored. Then the data is filtered and sub-pixel rendered. The display to which the data is sub-pixel rendered and displayed onto may be an RGB stripe, delta triad, Bayer, PENTILE�, or any other suitable sub-pixelated type display. If the display is a PENTILE� display (as depicted in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/916,232, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0015110, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,903,754), the sub-pixel rendering may be the method described in the related '612 patent application as herein incorporated by reference.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the figures,
FIG. 9 is diagram comparing the Nyquist and addressability limits of RGB stripe and PENTILE� displays to the relative addressability requirements of western type fonts;
FIG. 10 is an illustration of sub-pixel rendering of a text character on a PENTILE� 1 display;
FIG. 12B is an illustration of sub-pixel rendering of a text character on PENTILE� 2 display;
FIG. 13 is an illustration of sub-pixel rendering of a text character on a PENTILE� 1 display;
FIG. 4 shows an exemplary text character��i�, in this case�sub-pixel rendered by a suitable prior art method for an RGB Stripe. As shown, this represents black text on a white background. It should be noted that the sub-pixels attempt to shape, or reconstruct, an idealized character�it is an approximation due to the limitations of the number of sub-pixels available. It should also be noted that the �dot� 405 of the �i� overlaps the traditional boundaries of the conventional non-sub-pixel rendered fixed pixel definition�as shown by the dashed line boundaries 410 and 420. The red sub-pixel 422 and the green 414 and blue 416 sub-pixels form a new �logical pixel� that is shifted and lying across the two original pixels 410 and 420. Thus, the original, conventional pixel 410 when stored, would appear to be red�as only the red sub-pixel 412 is turned on. The conventional pixel 420, when stored, would be appear to be cyan�as only the green 424 and blue 426 sub-pixels are turned on.
When the display of FIG. 4 is rotated counter clockwise and the image of the text is rotated clockwise to keep the character upright (as in a manner taught by the Badger or some other similar method), the same two values, red and cyan are applied to corresponding conventional pixels 510 and 520�as shown in FIG. 5 respectively. However, as the sub-pixel stripes are turned counter clockwise, the sub-pixels that formerly made up the �dot� no longer line up to make a logical pixel. Thus, this method of rotating the image fails to maintain sub-pixel rendering utility.
Referring now to FIG. 6, the text �i� character is shown when it is sub-pixel rendered correctly on a counter clockwise rotated display. It should be noted that the sub-pixels attempt to reconstruct an idealized character is only an approximation due to the limitations of the number of sub-pixels available. It should also be noted that its appearance is significantly different than that of FIG. 4, due to the sub-pixel architecture and its resulting Nyquist Limit, MTF, and addressability. FIG. 6 shows the desired image after rotation.
FIG. 8 is a pictorial example of just such a data set for the character �i� when the particular RGB stripe of FIG. 8 is given an instruction to rotate screen counter-clockwise and the data to be viewed in �right-side� up in portrait mode. Referring back to FIG. 7, at step 730, upon a rotation/mirror request, the system has knowledge of the appropriate rotation/mirror parameters and the particular RGB SPR scheme. Of course, this system knowledge could reside in and be accessed by many different parts of the system. For example, the knowledge could be resident in the application that is having the data rendered in the first instance. Alternatively, it could reside in the operating system or even the driver parts of the system. It should be noted that method 700 can have any number of variations to achieve the same result.
At step 750, the requested rotation/mirror command is applied to the updated memory image�which correctly renders the image according to the rotation/mirror command and the particular SPR scheme present. It will be appreciated that the steps of the present embodiment are not necessarily to be performed in the order described and that the present invention contemplates all obvious variations of the above embodiment.
Reviewing the appearance difference of the sub-pixel rendered character �i� in FIGS. 4 and 6, the reason the appearance difference exists is that the RGB stripe display architecture is asymmetric, giving rise to an asymmetric addressability. The addressability is greater in a direction normal to the orientation of the stripes.
FIG. 9 compares the Nyquist limit and the addressability of RGB stripe and PENTILE� displays to each other and to the addressability requirements of typical western font type (Latin and Cyrillic). The origin, the intersection of the four axial lines, represents zero spatial frequency. The graph space around it represents spatial frequencies to be displayed on the panel in the orientation as depicted. Thus, horizontal spatial frequencies are represented along the horizontal axis line, vertical spatial frequencies along the vertical axis line, and so on. The convention followed here is that the RGB stripe display response is plotted for stripes in the vertical orientation, while the PENTILE� display's blue stripes are similarly oriented.
In FIG. 9, the Nyquist limit 910 of the RGB stripe display is shown in dashed lines. It should be noted that it forms a square in the spatial frequency space�and that it has equal limits in the horizontal and vertical axis; but has a higher limit for diagonal spatial frequencies. Without sub-pixel rendering, the Nyquist limit 910 and addressability limit 910 are the same. The Nyquist limit 910 is the same for both non-sub-pixel rendered and sub-pixel rendered images.
The sub-pixel rendering Nyquist limit 950 and sub-pixel rendering addressability limit 950 are the same for some PENTILE� architectures shown in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12B. It is to be noted that it is symmetrical and coincident, due to the nature of the substantially symmetrical layout of the red and green sub-pixels�forming substantially a checkerboard pattern. When compared to the horizontally aligned text relative addressability requirement 930 and vertically aligned text relative addressability requirement 940, note that the rotation orientation of the PENTILE� sub-pixel rendering Nyquist limit 950 and sub-pixel rendering addressability limit 950 allow for substantially equal image quality in any axis.
Thus, the PENTILE� sub-pixel architecture is better suited for rotated text or graphics images, at any angle of rotation.
A method of using and rotating images for sub-pixelated panels comprises rotating a high resolution conventional, non-sub-pixel rendered image, using the Badger, or other suitable method, followed by sub-pixel rendering as described in the '612 application, or any other suitable method. By sub-pixel rendering after the rotation, the sub-pixel rendering need not suffer disruption as noted earlier. It will be appreciated that such a suitable sub-pixel rendering algorithm could reside and/or operate in either the graphics system in a computer, before it is transferred to the display by methods, such as analog or digital signal on cable�as is generally known in the art. Alternatively, the rotated high resolution image may be sent to a standalone monitor, in which a display controller may perform the sub-pixel rendering, perhaps in conjunction with scaling methods such as found in the '612 application or other suitable methods.
FIGS. 10 and 11 show the text character �i�, sub-pixel rendered, by any suitable method. As shown, this character represents black text on a white background. It will be noted that the sub-pixels attempt to shape, or reconstruct, an idealized character; but�as described before�due to the limitations of the number of sub-pixels available, it is only an approximation. However, it is readily seen that it is a better approximation than using sub-pixel rendering on the RGB stripe panel. FIG. 11 shows the results of rotating the panel one direction, while rotating the image in the counter direction, before sub-pixel rendering. It should be noted how similar the two images are.
FIG. 12A describes the above embodiment 1200 as practiced in accordance with the present invention. Method 1200 starts at step 1202, wherein the system receives and accepts rotation/mirror commands�either automatically (as with a turn of the monitor) or via user-input. At step 1204, the system performs a non-sub-pixelated rotation/mirror command upon the image data.
Another method, for the PENTILE� displays is to sub-pixel render first, then rotate the image using a modification of the Badger, or other suitable method, in which PENTILE� groups are treated as �pixels� for the first, or high level rotation, with the additional step of rotating the data within the PENTILE� group, again according to the parameters of the Badger, or other suitable method.
For monochrome text and images, the above embodiment should suffice. However, for non-monochromatic, that is to say, multicolor images, the above embodiment may not be sufficient, as rotating the data may introduce red/green color inversion. Of course, shifting may occur for either monochrome or multicolored images alike. Multicolor images may benefit from an additional step of shifting the red and green data by one red/green sub-pixel in the red/green checkerboard, in any orthogonal direction convenient. Such shifting restores the correct red/green color. Additionally, by moving the data in the direction of the blue stripes in one style of PENTILE� architecture (known as �PENTILE� 1��as depicted in FIG. 10) architecture simplifies the calculation of the blue values. The same simplification holds, as does treating the two blue sub-pixels as one reconstruction point, similar to the single blue sub-pixel of another style of the PENTILE� architecture (known as PENTILE� 2�as depicted in FIG. 12B), per PENTILE� group, during sub-pixel rendering.
Exploring the above method closer, in FIG. 13, the PENTILE� group 1310 is rotated and shifted to become the PENTILE� group 1410 in FIG. 14. It should be noted that in FIG. 13, the green sub-pixel 1314 that is turned off, is remapped to the green sub-pixel 1414 in FIG. 14, while the red sub-pixel 1312 in FIG. 13 is remapped to the red sub-pixel 1412 in FIG. 14. It should also be noted that the blue data value applied to the two vertically and centrally oriented blue sub-pixels 1316 of FIG. 13 are remapped to the two horizontally and centrally oriented blue sub-pixels 1416 in FIG. 14.
FIG. 15 is yet another embodiment made in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The method 1500 starts at step 1502 wherein rotation/mirror commands are received for a display comprising substantially a red and green checkboard arrangement, such as the family of PENTILE� architectures. At step 1504, the sub-pixel rendered image data is divided into suitable groups to which the rotation/mirror command (such as may be taught by Badger or some other suitable rotation/mirror scheme) is to be applied. The rotation/mirror command is then applied to these groups. At step 1506, if the image is a multicolor image, then an appropriate shift is applied to maintain the proper color.
This works best on high resolution images in which only a portion of the image is to be shown at a time, such as maps. This method allows scaling, panning, and rotation in a single step. If used on an image that is the same size or smaller than the size of the target display, there will be blank areas that may be filled in with �wallpaper� or other background as desired.
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