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for Golf Cars – Safety and Performance Specifications
Revision and redesignation of ANSI/NGCMA Z130.1-2004
International Light Transportation Vehicle Association, Inc. d/b/a National Golf Car Manufacturers Association (“NGCMA”)
Approved March 13, 2012
American National Standards Institute, Inc. 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036
Copyright © 2012 by International Light Transportation Vehicle Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
5 General safety practices
7 Fuels handling and storage/battery charging
Operating safety rules and practices (Operator qualifications) Part III Manufacturer’s Requirements
10 Electric-powered golf cars
11 Internal combustion powered vehicles
Annex A Bibliography Figures
1 First and second restraint reference points
2 Positioning of occupant test weights
3 Longitudinal test position
4 Vehicle placement on lateral tilting platform (four wheel)
Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/ILTVA Z130.1-2012.)
This standard was developed to establish safety specifications for the design and op- eration of golf cars driven by electric motors and internal combustion engines with re- spect to speed, acceleration, stability, braking systems, operational controls, electrical systems, fuel systems, and general configurations. A specified safety warn- ing label lists the major safety and precautionary operating measures to be observed. Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public health and safety. Revi- sions result from committee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmental needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.
The standard was prepared by the Engineering Specifications Committee of the In- ternational Light Transportation Vehicle Association, sponsor of ANSI/ILTVA Z130.1- 2012. This standard cancels and replaces ANSI/NGCMA Z130.1-2004 for golf cars manufactured subsequent to its publication. This standard applies to golf cars manu- factured subsequent to its publication.
Requests for changes to or information concerning this Standard shall be considered by the Sponsor. They should be sent to the International Light Transportation Vehicle Association, c/o Fred L. Somers, Jr., Suite 1200, Two Ravinia Drive, Atlanta, Georgia
30346-2130.
Consensus for this standard was developed by use of the Canvass Method. The fol- lowing persons recognized as having an interest in the standardization of golf cars were contacted prior to the approval of this standard. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply that all organizations concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI.
William J. Bagaria, Ph.D (Independent Professional Engineer) Gordon Beckley (Trojan Battery) Gerald C. DeMaria, Esq. (Higgins, Cavanagh & Cooney) Jon Forsyth (Desert Golf Cars) Paul Goyke (Curtis Instruments) Philip Graham (Graham Golf Cars)
David Hatlem (Bollinger Insurance) Dr. Michael Hurdzan (Hurdzan/Fry) Bryan Hurst (Club Car, LLC) Jeff Hyatt (Applied Technical Services) David A. Klingel (General Public) Bernie McMullen (Peachtree City)
Todd L. Sauey (Columbia Par Car) Chris Spencer (E-Z-GO Textron) Mike Tinkey (NGCOA) John C. Triolo (Golfcarcatalog.com) Chris Verdery (The River Club) Pat Williams (Yamaha Motor U.S. (Cal.))
The Engineering Specifications Committee, which was responsible for the writing of this standard, had the following personnel:
Kent Bruntz, Chairman (2008 - 2009) (E-Z-GO Textron)
Brad Hanson, Chairman (2009 - 2010) (E-Z-GO Textron)
Geoff Stewart, P.E., C.R.E., Chairman (2011) (Club Car, LLC)
Joel A. Cheek, Vice-Chairman (Yamaha Golf-Car Company)
Justin Brehm (Club Car, LLC)
Chris Caserta (TUV SUD America, Inc.)
Caleb Chesser (Yamaha Golf-Car Company)
James Fisher (E-Z-GO Textron)
Ken Fisher (Yamaha Motor Manufacturing Corporation)
George Land (Club Car, LLC)
Timothy Long (Accident Research & Biomechanics, Inc.)
Ross Lyons (Club Car, LLC)
Kristopher Seluga, P.E. (Technology Associates)
ILTVA issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical as- pects of this standard. Interpretations are published on the ILTVA Web site at http:// www.ILTVA.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of the standard.
ILTVA is a trademark of International Light Transportation Vehicle Association, Inc.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an oppor- tunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ILTVA does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary de- vice, or activity.
ILTVA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights as- serted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not under- take to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by government agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with gov- ernment is not to be interpreted as government endorsement of this code or stan- dard.
ILTVA accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ILTVA procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.
International Light Transportation Vehicle Association, Inc. Suite 1200, 2 Ravinia Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30346
http:\\www.ILTVA.org
The following publications and standards form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein. On the date of publication of this standard, the contents of the published editions of the referenced publications and standards were recognized as being valid and applicable. However, all publications and standards are subject to revision and obsolescence. Accordingly, users are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards and publications referenced herein.
ANSI Z535.1, Safety Colors. See § 9.2.1.
ANSI Z535.3, Criteria for Safety Symbols. See § 9.2.1.
ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels. See § 9.2.1.
ANSI/NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code. See § 7.4.
ANSI/NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. See § 7.3.
Appendix B, "NIST Special Publication 811: Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)". National Institute of Standards and Technology. See § 4.3. 1
NASA RP-1024 (N79-11734), Anthropometry Source Book, Volume 1: Anthropometry for designers. 2 See § 9.5.1.
ILTVA Golf Course Safety Guidelines. 3 See § 5.2.
ILTVA Golf Car Storage Facility Safety Guidelines. 3 See § 5.2.
SAE J1163, Determining Seat Index Point. See § 9.5.3.
SAE J1718, Measurement of Hydrogen Gas Emission from Battery-Powered Passenger Car and Light Truck during Battery Charging. See § 7.1.
For purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1 accessory: A manufacturer-approved device installed on the golf car to enhance its usability.
3.2 adequate clearance: The clearance necessary to avoid breakdown of the wiring insulation due
to heat from heat-generating components or abrasive elements.
3.3 authorized persons: Persons determined by the controlling party as being knowledgeable about
the golf car and capable of operating it for its intended use consistent with these safety standards and regulatory authority rules governing the golf car operation.
3.4 brake: A foot-activated pedal or control used to operate the service brake of the golf car.
3.5 braking system: A system used to slow, prevent or stop the movement of the golf car.
3.6 center of gravity of the test load:
horizontally in the center of the load-bearing surface and vertically by its distance above the surface.
The point at which the load mass is concentrated, located
charged battery: A battery that has over 80 percent state of rated ampere-hour capacity at 27°C
(80°F).
controlling party: The person responsible for the management and maintenance of a golf car.
operator seat: The seat located directly behind the steering wheel.
1 Available from physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf. 2 Available from National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Or order via http://www.ntis.gov/search/index.aspx - Product Code N7911734. 3 Available from www.ILTVA.org.
3.10 exhaust system: All parts and their supports used to conduct exhaust gases from the engine.
3.11 fire hazard:
Any condition that presents the possibility of creating a fire by ignition of a
3.12 fire protection equipment:
accordance with state and local fire protection codes.
Equipment used to prevent, control or extinguish a fire in
3.13 fuel system:
fill and carry fuel from the fuel tank to the engine.
All tanks, lines, hoses, pumps, filters, connections, caps and fittings necessary to
3.14 golf bag test weight: A cylinder approximately 914 mm (36 inches) long, approximately 254 mm
(10 inches) in diameter, and weighing 23 kg (50 lb) plus or minus 2%, with the center of gravity at the geometric center of the cylinder.
3.15 golf car: A vehicle used to convey a person or persons and equipment to play the game of golf
in an area designated as a golf course.
3.16 hand hold: A device connected to the vehicle that can be encircled by the fingers of one hand
for the purpose of improving personal stability.
3.17 hip restraint:
help keep the occupant within the golf car.
A device, anchored securely to the golf car, creating a barrier or impediment to
3.18 insulated tools:
inadvertent electrical short circuit and to protect the user from the dangers of electrical shock.
Those tools that are covered with a non-conducting material to prevent an
3.19 newly manufactured: Either a completely new vehicle or a vehicle materially modified to meet
the definition of a golf car where it did not do so prior to the modification.
3.20 occupant test weight: A test weight approximately 305 mm (12 inches) square and weighing 91
kg (200 lb) ± 2% with the center of gravity at the geometric center of the weight. The vertical height of the test weight center of gravity should be between 125 mm (5 inches) and 177.8 mm (7 inches).
3.21 operator: A person controlling the operation of the golf car from the operator’s seat.
3.22 parking brake:
A device that prevents unintended movement of the parked vehicle without
3.23 regulatory authority: The person(s) establishing the rules for use of golf cars.
3.24 reverse warning device:
A sound-producing device to alert occupants of pending reverse
3.25 rollover:
direction from its normal upright position.
A rotation of the golf car of at least 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis in any
3.26 service brake:
movement of the golf car.
The primary braking system of the golf car used to reduce the speed or stop
Speed Control Device: An actuator used by the operator to vary or fix the rate of travel of the
The distance traveled between the point of service brake application and
where the golf car comes to rest.
3.29 test vehicle: A golf car used for testing which conforms to the manufacturer's specifications for
optimum performance. All optional and accessory items offered by the manufacturer shall be considered in performing each test, which shall be conducted with optional and accessory items installed, or not installed, so as to create the most severe test conditions.
tilting platform: A platform that is rigid, flat and constructed to be a single plane, with adjustable
wiring system assemblies:
All wires, terminals, and connectors required to conduct electrical
current to the motor, starter/generator and any other electrical devices.
The word, "shall," is to be understood as denoting a mandatory requirement. The word "should" denotes a recommendation.
4.2 Requests for interpretation
The standards developer shall render an interpretation of any requirement of this standard.
Interpretations shall be rendered only in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the International Light Transportation Vehicle Association, Suite 1200, Two Ravinia Drive, Atlanta, Georgia
The request for interpretation shall be in the following format.
- Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and provide a concise description.
- Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the pertinent standard for which the interpretation is being requested.
- Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement
suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for approval of a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plans or drawings that are necessary to explain the question; however, they should not contain proprietary names or information.
4.3 Metric conversions
The values stated in SI Metric units are to be regarded as the standard. U.S. customary unit values are shown (XXIX) in parenthesis. Conversion of Metric units to U.S. customary unit values is calculated pursuant to Appendix B, “NIST Special Publication 811: Guide for the use of the International System of Units (SI)” National Institute of Standards and Technology.
PART II: MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS
The safety information contained in Part II is intended to enable the controlling party to implement a golf car safety program. It is recommended that Part II be reprinted in the golf car manufacturer’s operation and service manuals to encourage safe operation and practices at the controlling party’s facility.
Like other vehicles, improper use or maintenance of golf cars may result in personal injury or death. This Part II contains broad safety practices recommended for safe golf car operations. Before operation, the controlling party should establish such additional specific safety practices as may be reasonably required for safe operations, for the intended use of the vehicle and application environment.
Experience has shown that golf cars that comply with the provisions stated in Part III of this standard are safe when properly operated in accordance with the safety and operation warnings affixed to every golf car. The safe operation is enhanced when the golf cars are operated within a specific set of operation instructions, safety rules and practices established to meet actual operating terrain and conditions.
5.2 Safety survey
The controlling party shall perform a safety survey of its premises periodically, and as conditions warrant, identify areas where golf cars should not be operated and possible hazards exist. See, for example,
5.2.1. See also ILTVA Golf Course Safety Guidelines and ILTVA Golf Car Storage Facility Safety
5.2.1 Grades
Excessive speed while descending grades adversely affects the stability of the golf car and its ability to stop. In areas where hazardous grades 4 exist, it is recommended golf car operations should be restricted to designated golf car paths and roads where possible. Hazardous grades shall be identified with a suitable warning at a point preceding the initiation of the slope for example, "Warning, steep hill, slow down now." Avoid parking on steep hills. Provide flat surface parking areas adjacent to golf car paths on steep grades. All slopes should generally be considered potentially hazardous especially when a turn occurs on the down slope or the slope exceeds 10% (6 deg) on an unpaved surface of 20% (11 deg) on a paved surface.
5.2.2 Slippery terrain
Wet grassy areas or ice for example
Slippery surfaces e.g.,
wet grass, should be chained or roped off to prevent golf car operations or be identified by a suitable
may cause a golf car to lose traction and may adversely affect operator control.
Extreme caution should be used when driving on slippery terrain.
4 See Section 3.04 of Golf Course Safety Guidelines.
warning to operators not to operate golf cars in that area. Additionally, if wet conditions are or become prevalent, consider limiting golf car operation to paved paths.
5.2.3 Turns
All turns shall be negotiated at a reduced speed. Approach turns with caution particularly on grades. Negotiating a turn can affect the stability and control of a golf car, causing loads and passengers to shift. Potentially hazardous areas shall be closed off to prevent golf car operations or identified with a suitable warning to the operator of the nature of the hazard and stating the proper precautions to be taken to avoid the hazard. Curves should be properly banked to avoid negative super elevation. 5
5.2.4 Loose terrain
Extreme caution shall be used when driving in areas of loose terrain. Loose terrain, for example, sand or gravel, can cause a golf car to lose traction and may affect steering, braking and stability. Areas of loose terrain shall be repaired if possible, or closed off to prevent golf car operation or identified by a suitable warning to operators not to operate golf cars in those areas.
5.2.5 Golf car/pedestrian interference areas
Areas where pedestrians and golf cars could interact should be avoided by rerouting the golf car traffic or the pedestrian traffic. If avoidance of the interaction is not possible or is highly impractical, signs shall be erected warning pedestrians of the golf car traffic. Signs shall also be erected warning golf car operators of the pedestrian traffic and to drive slowly and with caution.
5.2.6 Modifications
Modifications made to golf cars that are not approved by the original equipment manufacturer may adversely affect the safe operation and performance of the vehicle. If a golf car has been modified by a party other than the original equipment manufacturer, the controlling party shall (i) arrange for the modification to be designed, tested and implemented by an engineer expert in golf cars and their safety; (ii) maintain a permanent record of the design test(s) and implementation of the modification; (iii) make appropriate changes to the capacity, plate(s), decals, and operation and maintenance manuals; and (iv) affix a permanent and readily visible label on the golf car stating the golf car has been modified with the date of the modification and the name of the organization that accomplished the modification. The controlling party shall not perform, or allow to be performed, any modification or addition to the vehicle that affects capacity or safe operation, or make any change not in accordance with the original equipment manufacturer’s operations and service manuals, without the original equipment manufacturer’s prior written authorization.
Whether or not modifications have been authorized by the original equipment manufacturer, if modifications are made, the controlling party making the modifications becomes the original equipment manufacturer of the modified vehicle and has the responsibility to ensure that capacity, operation, warning, maintenance instruction plates, tags, and/or decals are changed accordingly.
Golf cars may become hazardous if maintenance is neglected or improperly performed. Proper maintenance shall be performed by trained personnel in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
A regularly scheduled inspection and preventive maintenance program in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations should be established. Such a program will be a valuable tool in providing the golfing patron with a safe, properly operating golf car.
6.2.2 Parts and materials
Manufacturer's recommended replacement parts and materials should be used.
6.2.3 Maintenance and repair safety procedures
All maintenance shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended maintenance
and safety procedures as outlined in the manufacturer's operation and service manuals. For example, -
a) Follow manufacturer's instructions for immobilizing golf car before beginning any maintenance;
c) Before disconnecting any part of the fuel system, drain the system and turn all valves, if so
equipped, to the "off" position to prevent leakage or accumulation of flammable fuels;
e) Before performing any maintenance on an electric golf car, disconnect the electrical system in
g) Periodically inspect and maintain brakes, steering mechanisms, warning devices, governors,
safety decals and all other safety devices and maintain them in a safe operating condition. Do not modify these devices unless instructed to do so by the manufacturer;
h) After each maintenance or repair, have the golf car driven by qualified and trained personnel to
ensure proper operation and adjustment; perform validation checks in an area that is free of vehicular and pedestrian traffic;
i) Record all maintenance performed in a maintenance record log by date, name of person
performing maintenance and type of maintenance. Controlling Party should periodically inspect
maintenance log to ensure accuracy and completeness of entries.
6.2.4 The Controlling Party shall maintain all Danger, Warning and Caution labels, (collectively and
individually “safety labels”), nameplates, serial numbers and instructions that are supplied by the manufacturer in a legible condition.
6.2.5 As required in 6.2.4, the manufacturer shall be contacted to secure new nameplates, warnings, or
safety labels, as necessary, which shall be affixed in their proper place on the golf car as designated in
Maintenance and storage areas shall be properly ventilated to avoid fire hazards in accordance with applicable fire codes and ordinances.
Ventilation for internal combustion engine golf cars shall be provided to remove flammable vapors, fumes and other flammable materials. Consult applicable fire codes for specific levels of ventilation.
Ventilation for electric-powered golf cars shall be provided to remove the accumulation of flammable hydrogen gas emitted during the charging process. Because of the highly volatile nature of hydrogen gas and its propensity to rise and accumulate at the ceiling in pockets, a minimum of 5 air changes per hour is recommended for multiple vehicles and one air change per hour may be adequate for one vehicle. The controlling party shall consult applicable fire and safety codes for the specific ventilation levels required. See ILTVA Golf Car Safety Storage Guidelines and SAE J1718 Measurement of Hydrogen Gas Emission from Battery-Powered Passenger Car and Light Truck during Battery Charging.
7.2 The Controlling Party shall require battery changing and charging facilities and procedures to be in
accordance with applicable ordinances or regulations.
7.3 The Controlling Party shall supervise the storage and handling of liquid fuels in accordance with
ANSI/NFPA 30.
7.4 Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gas fuels shall be in accordance with ANSI/NFPA 58.
7.5 The Controlling Party shall periodically inspect charging and storage areas or facilities and review
procedures to be certain that the procedures in 7.1 through 7.4 inclusive are being followed.
Operating safety rules and practices (Operator qualifications)
It is recommended only authorized persons who are qualified by the controlling party be allowed
to operate a golf car. Qualifications may include training, proof of insurance, minimum age requirement
or other appropriate standards or regulatory requirements.
8.2 The controlling party shall display the operation and safety instructions as recommended by the
golf car manufacturers and the golf course safety rules in a conspicuous place near the golf car rental area or golf car pick-up area or on each golf car or both. It is also recommended that the warning "Do not operate golf car when under the influence of alcohol or drugs," be posted in a conspicuous location.
PART III: MANUFACTURER’S REQUIREMENTS
The manufacturer shall legibly inscribe a unique serial number on every golf car.
Safety labels shall be affixed to the golf car and shall be available to the field of the occupants' vision. The safety labels shall conform to ANSI Z535.1, Z535.3 and Z535.4 and convey the following minimum information:
- Use the signal word “Warning,” “Caution” or “Danger” as applicable;
- Operate from driver's seat by authorized persons only and only in designated areas;
- This vehicle is restricted to occupants);
- Do not start the vehicle until all occupants are fully seated;
- Remain fully seated and hold on when in motion;
- Keep entire body inside vehicle;
- Drive slowly in turns;
- Drive slowly straight up and down slopes;
- Set parking brake before leaving vehicle;
- Place vehicle control in "Neutral" if so equipped and turn main power "off" when not in use;
- Do not operate while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
occupants (manufacturer to specify the number of
9.2.2 Nameplates, markings, safety warnings and operating instructions.
9.2.2.1 On every vehicle, the manufacturer shall install a permanent, 5 durable, corrosion-resistant
nameplate(s) or markings(s), with unique serial number, manufacturer name, model name/code, date
code, contact information, nominal system voltage, fuel type, and load capacity.
9.2.2.2 Legible safety warnings and operating instructions shall be affixed to the vehicle and sufficiently
durable to resist environmental stresses.
9.3 Instructional manuals
Each manufacturer shall make available manuals that provide:
- Operating instructions; and
- A schedule of the required maintenance and storage as appropriate, and information as provided in Part II.
5 Requires a tool to remove it.
9.4 Operational controls
The controls shall be visible to and accessible by the operator from the designated operator’s position.
9.4.1 Steering mechanism
When traveling in a forward direction, rotating the steering wheel in a clockwise direction shall cause the golf car to turn to the right and when rotated in a counterclockwise direction, the golf car shall turn to the left, when viewed from the operator’s seat.
9.4.2 Foot-operated controls
Foot-operated controls shall include a slip-resistant surface.
9.4.2.1 Speed control devices
Speed control devices shall require force to be activated.
9.4.2.2 Service brake control
The service brake pedal or control shall be located in a conventional manner for right-foot or hand operation.
9.4.2.3 Parking brake
A parking brake shall be provided.
9.4.3 Directional control (forward and reverse)
The operational position of the forward and reverse controls shall be clearly marked.
9.4.4 Reverse warning device
Every golf car shall be equipped with a reverse warning device capable of 60 dBA minimum at the operator’s ear level and functional at all times when the directional control is in the reverse position.
9.4.5 Main power switch
The golf car shall be provided with a main power switch. When the switch is in the "Off" position or the key or other device which activates the switch is removed, the motive power circuit shall be inoperative. If the switch uses a key, it shall be removable only in the "Off" position.
Adequate leg room shall be provided. "Adequate leg room" is that which will accommodate
persons falling in the 5% to 95% male range of the appropriate measurements contained in NASA ROP-
1024 (N79-11734), Anthropometry Source Book, Volume 1: Anthropometry for designers. (See definition
of "operator" in clause 3.)
The golf car shall provide a seating arrangement, including a seat back for each intended
A hip restraint and hand hold shall be provided for each intended occupant. The profile view of
the hip restraint shall encompass the triangular area defined by the SIP point as specified in SAE J1163 and two restraint reference points defined below. On the passenger side, the first restraint reference
point shall be 88.9 mm (3.5 in) vertically (A) above the SIP point and the second reference point shall be 152.4 mm (6.0 in) horizontally (B) forward of the SIP point. On the driver side, the first restraint reference point shall be 38.1 mm (1.5 in) vertically (A) above the SIP point and the second reference point shall be 50.8 mm (2.0 in) horizontally (B) forward of the SIP point (see Figure 1). For seats where the SIP measurement fixture does not interface with the seat back, the manufacturer shall increase the height of the fixture to allow for interface of the fixture and seat back. A hip restraint may function as a hand hold.
Figure 1 – First and second restraint reference points
9.5.4 Surfaces normally exposed to occupants or bystanders shall be free of sharp edges and
9.5.5 The floor area shall have a slip resistant surface or shape.
9.5.6 All hazardous parts shall be identified, shielded or located in such a position as to avoid
inadvertent contact with the occupants or bystanders.
Test conditions shall be as follows:
- Horizontally level surface, 1.0% grade (0.8 degrees) maximum;
- Straight course;
- Concrete or asphalt surface of sufficient track length to allow the test vehicle to reach maximum steady state speed before measurements begin;
- Concrete or asphalt surface that is dry and free from loose material or surface contamination
with a coefficient of static friction between tire and surface sufficient to prevent wheel slippage;
- The test vehicle shall be loaded with one operator and ballast, if necessary, with a combined weight of no less than 77 kg (170 lb) or more than 91 kg (200 lb);
- The test vehicle shall be configured in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations to achieve maximum speed.
9.6.1.2 Test
The test vehicle shall be operated with the directional control in forward at maximum speed under the conditions stated in 9.6.1.1. This test shall be first run forward in one direction and subsequently run forward in the opposite direction along the level surface and the maximum steady state speed achieved in both runs shall be averaged.
9.6.1.3 Test acceptance
The average speed shall be less than 24 km/h (15 mph).
Test conditions shall be the same as 9.6.1.1.
9.6.2.2 Test
The test vehicle shall be accelerated at maximum rate from stop position to maximum speed under the conditions stated in 9.6.1.1. This test shall be run in one direction and the opposite direction along the flat surface, and the results of both runs shall be averaged.
9.6.2.3 Test acceptance
Test vehicle peak acceleration rate shall not exceed 0.5 g, i.e., 4.9 m/sec 2 (16 ft/sec 2 ) for intervals exceeding 0.2 seconds.
9.6.3 Static stability
Test shall be conducted using the most severe conditions for stability including manufacturer-approved accessories.
9.6.3.1 Longitudinal stability
9.6.3.1.1 Test conditions
- A tilting platform shall be used;
- The tilting platform shall have a friction surface that achieves a coefficient of friction of one (1.0) minimum;
- The tilting platform surface shall be large enough to support all tires of the test vehicle;
- An occupant test weight shall be secured to the center line of each intended seat, representing
the operator and each passenger as specified. See figure 2. If seats are adjustable, they shall be adjusted to that position representing the least stable condition to stability in each test. The center of gravity of the weight shall be 152 mm (6 in) above the lowest point of the operator- or passenger- supporting surface and 254 mm (10 in) ahead of the seat back; and
- The golf bag test weight(s) shall be mounted as intended for service.
Figure 2 – Positioning of occupant test weights
9.6.3.1.2 Test
The test vehicle shall be supported by all tires with the braking wheels locked, on an adjustable tilting platform of no less than 58% grade (30 degrees) to the horizontal (see figure 3). The test vehicle shall be positioned on the tilting platform with its longitudinal centerline perpendicular to the intersection line of the tilting platform and the horizontal plane with its
- Front end on the downhill side;
- Rear end on the downhill side.
9.6.3.1.3 Test acceptance
Acceptance of the longitudinal stability test shall require that the supporting tires on the uphill side remain in contact with the surface or the golf car slides under test conditions expressed in 9.6.3.1.2. Failure shall have occurred when all of the golf car's uphill tires lift off the platform.
Figure 3 – Longitudinal test position
9.6.3.2 Lateral stability
9.6.3.2.1 Test conditions
Test conditions shall be the same as given in 9.6.3.1.1.
9.6.3.2.2 Test
a) The position of the test vehicle on the tilting platform shall be maintained by the parking brake;
b) The vehicle with test load shall be placed on the tilting platform in accordance with figure 4;
c) The steerable tires of the test vehicle shall be positioned (figure 4) such that a line from the
center of contact of the lower rear tire to the center of contact of the steerable tire nearest to the tilting platform axis is parallel to the tilting axis of the platform;
d) The steerable tires on the test vehicle shall be turned to be parallel to the tilting axis of the
e) The stability of the test vehicle shall be determined directly by tilting the platform to a 40% grade
(21.80 degrees).
Figure 4 – Vehicle placement on lateral tilting platform (four wheel)
9.6.3.2.3 Test acceptance
Acceptance of the lateral stability test shall require that the supporting tires on the uphill side remain in contact with the surface or the vehicle slides under the test conditions expressed in 9.6.3.2.2. Failure shall have occurred when both the vehicle's uphill tires lift off the platform.
9.6.4.1.1 Test conditions
Test conditions shall be the same as in 9.6.1.1, except that, in addition to the operator, the vehicle shall be loaded with the equivalent occupant test weights and two golf bag test weights in their respective designated positions (see 9.6.3), and the maximum coefficient of friction shall be 0.8 as determined by the following procedure:
a) The test vehicle shall be loaded as specified in 9.6.3.1.1;
b) The static weight on the braked tires shall be measured;
c) The test vehicle shall be placed on the surface to be used in the braking tests;
d) The front of the test vehicle shall be connected to a tow vehicle provided with a means for
measuring the tow force;
e) The test vehicle’s brake shall be engaged such that the braked tires do not roll when the vehicle
is towed;
f) The test vehicle shall be pulled forward by the tow vehicle until it moves at least 254 mm (10 inches) forward and the maximum tow force shall be recorded. The measurement shall be repeated for a total of three trials;
g) The average of the three maximum tow forces shall be taken; and
h) If the average maximum tow force divided by the total weight on the braked tires is greater than
0.8, then the braking tests may not be run.
9.6.4.1.2 Test
a) A constant load of 1112 N (250 lb)) shall be applied perpendicular to the geometric center of the
brake pedal pad in the direction of application for a minimum of 5 minutes;
b) After release of force on brake pedal, the test vehicle shall be run to its maximum operating
speed and the brake then applied with a foot pedal force of no more than 556 N (125 lb)) when applied to the center of the service brake pedal;
c) Burnished brakes are permissible following the manufacturer's approved procedure.
9.6.4.1.3 Test acceptance
a) There should be no permanent deformation of any component in the braking system after the
application of the 1112 N (250 lb) proof load.
b) The average deceleration of the test vehicle from the point of brake application to the point the
vehicle comes to rest, shall be at a minimum of 0.33g.
Alternatively, the test vehicle shall stop within a distance from the point of brake application per the formula:
(in meters) = 0.012V 2 (V in km/h) (in feet) = 0.100V 2 (V in mph)
9.6.4.2 Service brake fade
9.6.4.2.1 Test conditions
The Test Conditions shall be the same as given in 9.6.4.1.1. The test vehicle shall be towed in the forward direction with the brake applied to produce a drag load determined by the following formula:
Drag load = TF fr + (0.342) TVW
TF fr = towing force; free rolling;
TVW = test vehicle weight;
0.342 = downhill component of a 20 degree slope.
This drag load shall be maintained ±15% for 150 m (500 feet). The towing speed shall be between 40 and 50 percent of maximum level ground speed.
9.6.4.2.2 Test
a) The test vehicle shall be operated at maximum operating speed; the brake shall then be applied with a foot pedal force not to exceed 556 N (125 lb) applied to the center of the brake pedal;
b) For vehicles equipped with friction brakes, this test shall be performed before the brake linings have cooled more than 14°C (57.2°F) from the maximum temperature obtained during the tow period;
c) Prior to test performance, burnished brakes are permissible; and
d) For vehicles equipped with alternative braking systems there shall be no adjustment or servicing of the brake system during the test. Test shall be performed with fully charged batteries.
9.6.4.2.3 Test acceptance
The average deceleration of the test vehicle from the point of brake application to the point the vehicle comes to rest, shall be at a minimum of 0.28 g. Vehicles with regenerative braking shall pass this test irrespective of the battery state of charge.
(in meters) = 0.0144V 2 (V in km/h)
(in feet) =
0.120 V 2 (V in mph)
Service brake fade recovery
The Test Conditions shall be the same as given in 9.6.4.1.1.
9.6.4.3.2 Test
The service brake test described in 9.6.4.1.2 shall be repeated after the braking system returns to ambient temperature.
9.6.4.3.3 Test acceptance
The test acceptance shall be the same as set forth in 9.6.4.1.3.
9.6.4.4.1
- The test vehicle shall be loaded as specified in 9.6.3; and
- The test vehicle shall be positioned on a 30% grade (16.7 degrees) with its longitudinal
centerline perpendicular to the intersection line of the 30% grade surface and the horizontal plane.
9.6.4.4.2 Test
With a maximum 355 N (80 lb) force applied to the pedal to engage the parking brake or with a maximum 255 N (58 lb) force applied to a hand operated lever brake, the vehicle shall be positioned with its:
- Front end on the downhill side; and
9.6.4.4.3 Test acceptance
The vehicle shall not move more than 76 mm (3 inches) in one hour.
The battery or batteries shall be located to minimize accumulation of battery gases within the vehicle.
Wiring System Assemblies, including accessories, options or field installed items shall not be grounded to
Wiring System Assemblies shall be routed and contained within the golf car in such a manner as to provide adequate clearance from heat generating components and to avoid obstacles or projections that the vehicle may encounter during normal operation.
10.2 Heat generating components
Heat generating components shall be mounted and contained within the golf car in such a manner as to prevent injury to occupants and damage to other vehicle components.
10.2.1 Test conditions
A test vehicle with fully charged batteries shall be set up and locked in such a manner as to prevent movement of the vehicle or rotation of the vehicle traction tires when the accelerator control is set at its maximum speed position.
Tests may be conducted indoors or in a covered area protected against the direct rays of the sun. Wind velocity in the test area shall not exceed an average of 8 km/h (5 mph). The temperature of the ambient air shall not be less than 19°C (65°F) or more than 30°C (86°F), and shall not vary more than 5.5°C (10°F) between maximum and minimum throughout the test period.
Power shall be applied to the drive motor by means of the accelerator being set at the
maximum speed position and held for 10 seconds.
10.2.2.2 Immediately afterwards, the accelerator shall be placed at twenty percent (20%) of full pedal
stroke past the point the system is energized and held for 30 minutes.
Heat test acceptance
There shall be no incidents of fire and all electrical components shall remain contained within
10.2.3.2 Any heat transfer through the test vehicle shall not produce an external surface temperature
accessible to persons outside or on the vehicle in excess of 60°C (140°F) on metal surfaces and 85°C
(185°F) on nonmetal surfaces.
Chargers shall comply with UL, IEC, CSA or other required national or applicable safety
10.3.2 The vehicle drive system shall not be operable when the charger system is connected to the
vehicle from an external power source.
- Where applicable, remove acid from discharged lead acid batteries and rinse with potable water
to minimize acid-related accidents during testing. Refill cells with potable water. If batteries other
than lead acid are used, precautionary measures should be taken to minimize potential hazards.
- Horizontally flat surface, 1.0% grade (0.8 degrees) maximum;
- Sufficient track length to allow test vehicles to reach maximum speed as specified in 9.6.1.3; and
- An unyielding, flat concrete or steel barrier with sufficient strength to fully resist the impact of the test vehicle at the test speed. The barrier shall be wider than the vehicle.
10.4.2 Test
A test vehicle shall be propelled into the barrier at maximum speed in the forward direction and at maximum speed in the reverse direction.
10.4.3 Test acceptance
The battery or batteries shall not become a projectile that presents a hazard to the occupants.
Roll-over containment
Where applicable, remove acid from discharged batteries and rinse with potable water to
minimize acid-related accidents during testing. Refill cells with potable water. If batteries other than
lead acid are used, precautionary measures should be taken to minimize potential hazards.
The test vehicle shall be positioned on a concrete or asphalt surface.
The test vehicle shall be tilted by elevating one side up to the point just past the point of neutral stability and released so the test vehicle completes at least one quarter revolution (90°) in a lateral direction on its own accord. The test shall be repeated in the opposite lateral direction. Either the same vehicle or a different vehicle may be tested for each direction.
10.5.3 Test acceptance
After each test, the battery or batteries and their contents shall be contained within the test vehicle battery compartment. Leakage from battery vent system, if present, is permissible.
Internal combustion powered vehicles
Wiring systems assemblies may be grounded to the golf car chassis providing the electrical system is twelve (12) volt nominal or less.
11.1.2 Routing
Wiring system assemblies shall be routed and contained within the golf car in such a manner as to provide adequate clearance from heat-generating components and to avoid obstacles or projections that the vehicle may encounter during normal operation.
11.2 Heat-generating components
Heat-generating components shall be mounted and contained within the golf car in such a manner as to prevent injury to occupants and damage to other golf car components.
11.2.1 Test conditions
- Tests may be conducted indoors or in a covered area protected against the direct rays of the sun.
Wind velocity in the test area shall not exceed an average of 8 km/h (5 mph). The temperature of the ambient air shall not be less than 18°C (65°F) or more than 30°C (86°F), and shall not vary more than
5.5°C (10°F) between maximum and minimum throughout the test period;
- Operating temperatures measured at any one time shall be related to the ambient temperature of the air at the same time and location; and
- The test vehicle weight (TVW) shall be such that it creates the most severe conditions.
11.2.2 Test
a) Operate the test vehicle under steady load and speed conditions to obtain highest stabilized
engine oil temperature. Steady load is defined by the following formula:
Steady load =TF fr + (0.342) TVW
0.342 = downhill component of a 20-degree slope.
Continue operation under same conditions for a minimum distance of 183 m (200 yards).
b) Stop the vehicle and record temperature measurements on the surfaces described in 11.2.3 until
temperature rise has reached the peak point. Peak point shall be considered achieved when the temperature begins to diminish.
11.2.3 Test acceptance
Any heat transferred through the test vehicle shall not produce an external surface temperature accessible to persons outside or on the vehicle in excess of 60°C (140°F) on metal surfaces or 85°C (185°F) on nonmetal surfaces.
Material used in construction of tanks, filters, fuel lines, and fittings shall be suitable for the purpose intended as demonstrated by the tests described in 11.3.3, 11.3.4, and 11.3.5.
11.3.1.1 Materials shall be chemically resistant to and compatible with all commercial grades of fuels
and lubricants normally encountered.
Materials shall have no significant effect on the appropriate contained fuel or lubricant.
Flexible tubing or vibration loops shall be used where necessary.
A fuel tank shall not be located directly over the engine.
The tank location and facilities for
filling shall be such that spillage or leakage will not drain onto engine, electrical, or exhaust system parts.
11.3.2.2 A fuel tank and fill fitting shall be so located as to minimize the possibility of damage to the
tank or its fittings.
11.3.2.3 Fuel system shall be located, routed and contained within the golf car in such a manner as to
provide adequate clearance to heat generating components and to avoid damage from obstacles or projections that the golf car may encounter during normal operation.
11.3.2.4 Fuel system shall be located so that any leakage will not drip onto electrical, engine, or
exhaust system parts.
Fuel system shall have a fuel shut off mechanism between the tank and engine.
- Sufficient track length to allow test vehicles to reach maximum speed as specified in 9.6.1.3;
- An unyielding, flat concrete or steel barrier with sufficient strength to fully resist the impact of the test vehicle at maximum speed; and
- The fuel tank and battery(s) shall be filled to recommended capacity with potable water.
11.3.3.2 Test
11.3.3.3 Test acceptance
The fuel tank shall be contained within the test vehicle and maintain its integrity.
- The fuel tank and battery(s) shall be filled to recommended capacity with potable water; and
- The test vehicle shall be positioned on a concrete or asphalt surface.
11.3.4.2 Test
The test vehicle shall be tilted by elevating one side up to the point just past the point of neutral stability and released so the test vehicle completes at least one quarter turn (90 degrees) in a lateral direction on its own accord. The test shall be repeated in the opposite lateral direction. Either the same vehicle or a different vehicle may be tested for each direction.
11.3.4.3 Test acceptance
After each test, the fuel tank shall be contained within the test vehicle and maintain its integrity.
The tank shall be provided with all hose connections plugged to prevent spillage. The tank shall be filled to recommended capacity with potable water and the fuel cap installed.
11.3.5.2 Test
The tank shall be positioned upside down to allow the fuel cap to be at the lowest point of the fuel tank.
11.3.5.3 Test acceptance
The fuel tank and its components, fill pipe, fuel gauge outlet, air intake vent, safety vent, and any other openings shall not spill or leak fluid at a rate greater than 30 mL (1 fluid oz) per minute and shall not accumulate more than 300 mL (10 fluid oz) in 10 min.
ANSI/ILTVA Z135, Personal Transport Vehicles – Safety and Performance Specifications
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