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Brevet US5837866 - Phosphoramidite derivatives of macrocycles - Google�BrevetsRecherche Images Maps Play YouTube Actualit�s Gmail Drive Plus »Connexion Recherche avanc�e dans les brevets BrevetsThe invention is directed to phosphoramidite derivatives of macrocycles, such as porphyrins and expanded porphyrins, including sapphyrins and texaphyrins. The phosphoramidite derivatives are useful as intermediates in the preparation of macrocycle-oligonucleotide conjugates....http://www.google.fr/patents/US5837866?utm_source=gb-gplus-shareBrevet US5837866 - Phosphoramidite derivatives of macrocycles Recherche avanc�e dans les brevets Num�ro de publicationUS5837866 AType de publicationOctroi Num�ro de demandeUS 08/862,778 Date de publication17 nov. 1998 Date de d�p�t23 mai 1997 Date de priorit�21 sept. 1994�tat de paiement des fraisCaduc Num�ro de publication08862778, 862778, US 5837866 A, US 5837866A, US-A-5837866, US5837866 A, US5837866A InventeursShaun P. Crofts, Darren Magda, Jonathan L. Sessler Cessionnaire d'origineBoard Of Regents, The University Of Texas, Pharmacyclics, Inc.Exporter la citationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManCitations de brevets (71), Citations hors brevets (245), R�f�renc� par (5), Classifications (10), �v�nements juridiques (8) Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, EspacenetPhosphoramidite derivatives of macrocyclesUS 5837866 A R�sum� The invention is directed to phosphoramidite derivatives of macrocycles, such as porphyrins and expanded porphyrins, including sapphyrins and texaphyrins. The phosphoramidite derivatives are useful as intermediates in the preparation of macrocycle-oligonucleotide conjugates.
What is claimed is: 1. A phosphoramidite derivative of an expanded porphyrin.
3. A phosphoramidite derivative of a sapphyrin, said derivative having the following formula III: ##STR8## wherein, each of R.sup.1 -R.sup.10 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, glycol, polyglycol, thiol, alkyl thiol, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, CHO--, an ether group, a ketone group, carboxyl, phosphate, phosphonate, sulfate, phosphate-substituted alkyl, phosphonate-substituted alkyl, sulfate-substituted alkyl, phosphoramidityl, alkylphosphoramidityl, alkoxyphosphoramidityl, the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --O--W where W is hydrogen or a protecting group and t is an integer less than or equal to 10, or the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --A--(CH.sub.2).sub.y --B, where A is CH.sub.2, O, S, NH or NR.sup.11, where R.sup.11 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, glycol, polyglycol, thiol, alkyl thiol, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, CHO--, an ether group a ketone group, carboxyl phosphate, phosphonate, sulfate, phosphate-substituted alkyl, phosphonate-substituted alkyl, or sulfate-substituted alkyl, COO, CONH, CSNH, or CONR.sup.11 ; B is selected from the values of A, aryl, silyl, siloxy, aminoaryl, amino, amidoaryl, sugar, sugar derivative, polysaccharide, metal chelating group, alkylating agent, steroid, steroid derivative, amino acid, peptide, or polypeptide; and each of x and y is independently an integer of less than or equal to 10 or are zero; with the proviso that one of R.sup.1 -R.sup.10 is phosphoramidityl, alkylphosphoramidityl, or alkoxyphosphoramidityl.
4. A phosphoramidite derivative of a sapphyrin according to claim 3 wherein one of R.sup.1 -R.sup.10 is alkylphosphoramidityl or alkoxyphosphoramidityl, and the others of R.sup.1 -R.sup.10 are independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --O--W.
5. A phosphoramidite derivative of a sapphyrin according to claim 3 wherein one of R.sup.1 -R.sup.10 is alkylphosphoramidityl where the alkyl of the alkylphosphoramidityl has from one to ten carbon atoms.
7. A phosphoramidite derivative of a sapphyrin according to claim 3 wherein one of R.sup.1 -R.sup.10 is alkoxyphosphoramidityl where the alkoxy of the alkoxyphosphoramidityl has from one to ten carbon atoms.
9. A phosphoramidite derivative of a sapphyrin having the following formula: ##STR9## wherein, n is zero or an integer less than or equal to 10;z is an integer less than or equal to 10; and each of R.sup.1 -R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 -R.sup.10 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, glycol, polyglycol, thiol, alkyl thiol, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, CHO--, an ether group, a ketone group, carboxyl, phosphate, phosphonate, sulfate, phosphate-substituted alkyl, phosphonate-substituted alkyl, sulfate-substituted alkyl, the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --O--W where W is hydrogen or a protecting group and t is an integer less than or equal to 10, or the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --A--(CH.sub.2).sub.y --B, where A is CH.sub.2, O, S, NH or NR.sup.11, where R.sup.11 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, glycol, polyglycol, thiol, alkyl thiol, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, CHO--, an ether group, a ketone group, carboxyl, phosphate, phosphonate, sulfate, phosphate-substituted alkyl, phosphonate-substituted alkyl, or sulfate-substituted alkyl, COO, CONH, CSNH, or CONR.sup.11 ; B is selected from the values of A, aryl, silyl, siloxy, aminoaryl, amino, amidoaryl, sugar, sugar derivative, polysaccharide, metal chelating group, alkylating agent, steroid, steroid derivative, amino acid, peptide, or polypeptide; and each of x and y is independently an integer of less than or equal to 10 or are zero. 10. A phosphoramidite derivative of a sapphyrin according to claim 9 where each of R.sup.1 -R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.8 -R.sup.10 is independently alkyl; and R.sup.7 is alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --O--W.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/614,638, filed Mar. 13, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,354, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/487,722, filed Jun. 7, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,552, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/310,501, filed Sep. 21, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,567,687. Benefit of the filing dates of said earlier filed applications are claimed under 35 U.S.C. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of step-wise synthesis of conjugates of oligonucleotides and macrocycles such as porphyrins and expanded porphyrins, and to phosphoramidite derivatives useful as intermediates therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Porphyrins are compounds widely distributed throughout nature consisting of four pyrroles joined in a ring structure. They comprise several varieties, differing for the most part in the sidechains present at the eight available positions on the pyrrole rings. Porphyrins combine with various metals, such as iron, copper, magnesium, and the like, to form metalloporphyrins, and with certain electrophiles to form N-substituted derivatives. Examples of naturally occurring porphyrins are found in hemoglobin (iron (II) protoporphyrin IX) and most cytochromes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a method of incorporating macrocycles such as porphyrins and expanded porphyrins before, during, or after chemical synthesis of an oligomer to form a macrocycle-oligonucleotide conjugate. In one embodiment of the invention, the method is directed to the incorporation of a sapphyrin or a texaphyrin during oligomer synthesis to give a sapphyrin- or texaphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugate. The method of the invention comprises the steps of obtaining an automated or manual DNA synthesizer. Further steps include reacting derivatized oligonucleotides and a porphyrin or an expanded porphyrin, such as a sapphyrin or a texaphyrin, in a desired order to form, for example, a porphyrin-, a sapphyrin- or a texaphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugate. For example, an oligonucleotide may be formed by repeated steps of reacting nucleotides on the solid support of the DNA synthesizer. A macrocycle may be coupled in the final step to form a conjugate with a 5' linkage. Alternatively, a macrocycle may be coupled to the solid support followed by the addition of nucleotides to form a conjugate with a 3' linkage. A third possibility is the coupling of nucleotides followed by a macrocycle, such as a porphyrin, a texaphyrin or a sapphyrin, then followed by nucleotides to form a conjugate where an internal residue is the macrocycle. Another method for obtaining a macrocycle internally in the oligonucleotide sequence is to prepare the entire oligonucleotide sequence and then, as a last step, to attach or couple the macrocycle to one of the internal nucleotides, after removal of a suitable protective group on the selected nucleotide, to form a conjugate with a linkage at an internal site.
FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C, FIG. 1D, FIG. 1E, FIG. 1F, FIG. 1G and FIG. 1H show stepwise synthesis schemes for preparing texaphyrin phosphoramidite derivatives and sapphyrin phosphoramidite derivatives and their use in the synthesis of texaphyrin metal complex-oligonucleotide conjugates and sapphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugates. FIG. 1A shows the synthesis of a texaphyrin metal complex 3'-linked oligonucleotide conjugate. FIG. 1B and FIG. 1C show an approach that results in a 5'-linked oligonucleotide conjugate. FIG. 1D shows the synthesis of a 5'-linked sapphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugate. FIG. 1E shows the synthesis of a precursor sapphyrin that may be linked to two oligonucleotides. FIG. 1F and FIG. 1G show the synthesis of a sapphyrin oligonucleotide conjugate via the H-phosphonate method. FIG. 1H shows a synthesis through a sapphyrin phosphoramidite derivative that gives a 5'-linked sapphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugate. Example 1 provides the details of these stepwise synthesis schemes. In FIGS. 1A-1C, M is H, a divalent metal cation or a trivalent metal cation; "An" and "Bz" are protecting groups; m is an integer of 1 to 100 or greater; n is zero or an integer less than or equal to 10; and N.sup.+ will typically be an integer less than or equal to 5. In the context of the basic macrocycle with a divalent or trivalent metal cation, N.sup.+ is 1 or 2; however, the complexes may have one or more additional ligands providing charge neutralization and/or coordinative saturation to the metal ion. In FIGS. 1D-1H, "DMT" indicates a protecting group, m is an integer of 1 to 100 or greater, and n is zero or an integer less than or equal to 10.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention provides synthetic procedures in which a macrocycle such as a porphyrin, an expanded porphyrin, and in particular a texaphyrin or a sapphyrin, is inserted, via a phosphoramidite derivative of the macrocycle, directly into a nucleic acid synthesis scheme, preferably on a solid support. Texaphyrin and sapphyrin macrocycles were not known to be stable under the basic conditions employed in the synthesis of oligonucleotides. For example, until the results presented herein were obtained, it was thought that texaphyrin, being a Schiff base, may be unstable to the basic conditions employed during oligonucleotide synthesis, specifically during the ammonia and ethanol, or methylamine and ammonium hydroxide, cleavage and deprotection steps. It was also thought that the meso positions of sapphyrin would be unstable to the same basic conditions. Therefore, the stepwise synthesis of texaphyrin- and sapphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugates presented herein was a surprising and unexpected result. The synthesis of sapphyrin-nucleobase conjugates is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,457,195 and International publn. WO 94/09003, incorporated by reference herein.
The finding that lanthanide(III) metal complexes of texaphyrins, notably DyT2B2 (cpd. 1.sub.A, M=Dy) and EuT2B1 (cpd. 1.sub.B, M=Eu), are stable to treatment with ethanolic ammonia for 24 h at ambient temperature first indicated that it is possible to derivatize oligomers with lanthanide(III) texaphyrin complexes during stepwise synthesis to produce texaphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugates, such as for example cpd. 1.sub.c. ##STR1##
A porphyrin or an expanded porphyrin, such as a texaphyrin or metal complex thereof or a sapphyrin molecule, may be inserted into the synthesis scheme of an oligonucleotide in a variety of ways. Possible linkages include amide, phosphate, thioether, amino, and ether linkages. An amide linkage represents the reaction of an activated carboxylic acid derivative of a macrocycle (such as cpd. 1.sub.B) and an amino linker attached to an oligonucleotide. Activation may be achieved in solution phase or on a solid support using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide HCl (EDC), or activated esters of NHS, nitrophenyl, pentachlorophenyl, acid anhydride, or sulfonyl chloride. In addition, for the solid support reaction, activation may be in the form of an acid chloride. A phosphate linkage results from the reaction of an activated phosphate derivative of a macrocycle and the 5' hydroxyl group on an oligonucleotide. The activated phosphate may be a phosphoramidite, an H-phosphonate, a triester, or a diester.
Representatives of texaphyrins which may be activated and attached to nucleotides following the present invention are included within the following structure I: ##STR2## wherein, M is H, a divalent metal cation or a trivalent metal cation; R.sub.1 -R.sub.4, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, nitro, formyl, acyl, hydroxyalkyl, oxyalkyl, oxyhydroxyalkyl, saccharide, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyamide, carboxyamidealkyl, aminoalkyl, sulfonatoalkyl, amidealkyl, aryl, or the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --O--W where W is hydrogen or a protecting group and t is an integer less than or equal to 10; R.sub.6 and R.sub.9 are independently selected from the groups of R.sub.1 -R.sub.4, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8, with the proviso that the halide is other than iodide and the haloalkyl is other than iodoalkyl; R.sub.5 and R.sub.10 -R.sub.12 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, hydroxyalkyl, oxyalkyl, oxyhydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, or carboxyamidealkyl; and Z will typically be an integer less than or equal to 5. In the context of the basic macrocycle with a divalent or trivalent metal cation, N.sup.+ is 1 or 2; however, the complexes may have one or more additional ligands providing charge neutralization and/or coordinative saturation to the metal ion.
Sapphyrins which may be activated and attached to nucleotides following the present invention are disclosed in the patents and publications previously incorporated herein by reference. Representatives of such sapphyrins are included within the following structure III: ##STR3## wherein, each of R.sup.1 -R.sup.10 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, glycol, polyglycol, thiol, alkyl thiol, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, CHO--, an ether group, a ketone group, carboxyl, phosphate, phosphonate, sulfate, phosphate-substituted alkyl, phosphonate-substituted alkyl, sulfate-substituted alkyl, phosphoramidityl, alkylphosphoramidityl, alkoxyphosphoramidityl, the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --O--W where W is hydrogen or a protecting group and t is an integer less than or equal to 10, or the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --A--(CH.sub.2).sub.y --B, where A is CH.sub.2, O, S, NH or NR.sup.11, where R.sup.11 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, glycol, polyglycol, thiol, alkyl thiol, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, CHO--, an ether group, a ketone group, carboxyl, phosphate, phosphonate, sulfate, phosphate-substituted alkyl, phosphonate-substituted alkyl, sulfate-substituted alkyl, COO, CONH, CSNH, or CONR.sup.11 ; B is selected from the values of A, aryl, silyl, siloxy, aminoaryl, amino, amidoaryl, sugar, sugar derivative, polysaccharide, metal chelating group, alkylating agent, steroid, steroid derivative, amino acid, peptide, or polypeptide; and each of x and y is independently an integer of less than or equal to 10 or are zero.
EXAMPLE 1 Stepwise Synthesis of Texaphyrin- and Sapphyrin-Oligonucleotide Conjugates This example discusses four representative synthetic schemes.
In the approach depicted in FIG. 1A, a metallated texaphyrin or texaphyrin-metal complex 7A.sub.2 is attached to a solid support 7A.sub.1 via a six-carbon amine linker. This amide-forming coupling reaction is currently employed to attach the complex post-synthetically. It is important to note that texaphyrin hydroxyl groups are protected as an ester on 7A.sub.3 for stepwise synthesis. These protecting groups are labile to the ethanolic ammonia treatment. Such a metallated texaphyrin-derivatized support may be used for stepwise synthesis, and upon cleavage and deprotection, results in a 3'-linked metallated texaphyrin-DNA conjugate 7A.sub.4. The amide-forming reaction may also occur at the conclusion of DNA synthesis before deprotection and cleavage from the solid support.
As depicted in FIG. 1B, a phosphoramidite derivative of a texaphyrin-metal complex 7B.sub.2 is prepared by reaction of the monoalcohol 7B.sub.1 with phosphitylating agent and diisopropylethylamine. The hydroxyl groups are again protected as the ester for this synthesis. The resulting phosphoramidite is coupled on the synthesizer as the final residue to form 7B.sub.3. In this approach, deprotection results in a 5'-linked texaphyrin metal complex-DNA conjugate 7C.sub.2. This texaphyrin-conjugate has no amide bonds in the linker.
Direct coupling method (amide linkage): Sapphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugates with an amide linkage were formed on a solid support (FIG. 1D). Specifically, sapphyrin monoacid 7D.sub.1 (6.8 mg, 0.011 mmol, 50 eq) was dissolved in 2 mL of methylene chloride in a 4 mL glass vial with a small stirbar followed by cooling to 0
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (4.5 mg, 0.022 mmol, 100 eq), dimethylaminopyridine (0.001 mg, catalytic amount), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (2.5 mg, 0.022 eq, 100 eq) were added to the solution which was then stirred for 30 min. Protected amino-derivatized oligonucleotide attached to CPG solid support (7D.sub.2 2.5 mg, 0.108 μMol, 1 eq) was added to the solution, which was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solution was filtered, and the conjugate attached to the CPG (7D.sub.3) was washed once with methylene chloride and twice with methanol. The green solids were then suspended in conc. ammonium hydroxide for 4 h at room temperature, after which the green solution was filtered and evaporated to afford the crude sapphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugate 7D.sub.4. The conjugate 7D.sub.4 could be purified by fplc on a C.sub.18 column using acetonitrile/100 mM triethylammonium acetate, pH 7
Incorporation during oligonucleotide synthesis (phosphate linkage): The monoprotected sapphyrin H-phosphonate 7F.sub.2 (7E.sub.3) was synthesized for incorporation during oligonucleotide synthesis (FIG. 1E). A sapphyrin-conjugate 7G.sub.1 was synthesized in a solid-phase manual oligonucleotide synthesizer via the H-phosphonate method (FIG. 1F and FIG. 1G). The oligonucleotide was assembled on a solid support such as controlled pore glass (CPG) by a cycle of steps. The 5' end of the growing oligonucleotide was deprotected, the reaction phase was neutralized, and the activated monoprotected nucleotide H-phosphonate was coupled at the 5' end of the oligonucleotide. Derivatized sapphyrin 7F.sub.2 (7E.sub.3) was incorporated at the 5' end of the oligonucleotide 7F.sub.1 during the last step of the synthesis in place of a nucleotide (FIG. 1F).
Specifically, the desired oligonucleotide was synthesized on a CPG solid support on a 0.2 μM scale. The derivatized sapphyrin 7F.sub.2 (7E.sub.3) was attached to the oligonucleotide 7F.sub.1 on a manual oligonucleotide synthesizer (Cruachem PS 150 DNA Synthesizer, Sterling, Va.). The synthesis was run under argon (5 psi). Syringes were oven-dried and kept in a desiccator until use. The following sequence was used for coupling:
5. Couple--4 mM derivatized sapphyrin 7F.sub.2 (7E.sub.3) (1 eq) in methylene chloride and 65 mM pivaloyl chloride in acetonitrile/methylene chloride (1:1)--30 μL solution alternating for 1.5 min.
The conjugate 7F.sub.3 attached to CPG was added to 2 mL conc. ammonium hydroxide for 4 h. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to afford crude sapphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugate 7G.sub.1 which could be purified by fplc on a C.sub.18 column using acetonitrile/100 mM triethylammonium acetate pH 7
Via phosphoramidite derivative intermediate. As shown in FIG. 1H, a mono-phosphoramidite derivative of a sapphyrin 7H.sub.2 (prepared by reaction of a phosphitylating agent and a dihydroxy sapphyrin 7H.sub.1 (7E.sub.2) where one of the hydroxyl groups has been protected) is coupled on the synthesizer as the final residue to form 7H.sub.3, after which deprotection and cleavage of the oligonucleotide conjugate from the synthesizer solid support gives the sapphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugate 7H.sub.4.
EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of a Texaphyrin Phosphoramidite A texaphyrin phosphoramidite compound for use in coupling to a nucleotide according to the methods described herein was prepared as follows.
1,2-Dinitro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzene. Dinitroveratrole (5 g, 0.0219 mol) was dissolved in glacial acetic acid (50 mL), and concentrated HBr (48% w/w in water, 165 mL) was added all at once at room temperature (RT). The reaction temperature was elevated to 110 stirred for 6 h. After cooling to RT, ice-water (150 mL) was added and a mixture of starting material and target was extracted from the aqueous phase using chloroform (2 from the chloroform layer using 2N sodium hydroxide solution (600 mL). The basic aqueous phase was washed with chloroform (2 remaining traces of starting material. The organic layers from the basic extractions were combined and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Removal of solvents under reduced pressure resulted in recovered starting material as a bright crystalline solid (2.35 g). The basic aqueous extract was acidified to pH&lt;1 using conc. HCl (37 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Solvents were removed under reduced pressure to yield the title compound as a yellow, powdery solid (1.82 g).
1,2-Dinitro-4-(1-hydroxyhexyl)oxy-5-methoxybenzene. To a solution of the methoxybenzene prepared above (270 mg, 1.259 mmol) in acetonitrile (40 mL) was added 6-bromo-1-hexanol (330 μL, 2.519 mmol), followed by sodium iodide (190 mg, 1.259 mmol) and potassium carbonate (697 mg, 5.045 mmol). The reaction was heated at 70 After 5 days, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 through a fine sintered glass funnel. Solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the resulting solid was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol (2 mL). The target product was precipitated by the addition of hexane (20 mL) to the rapidly stirred solution. The solid was filtered, washed with hexane and dried under reduced pressure to yield the crude target as a bright yellow solid (344 mg). Purification by short-bed silica gel chromatography using methylene chloride as the mobile phase resulted in the isolation of the product as a pale yellow crystalline solid (274 mg, 69%).
4,5,9,24-Tetraethyl-16(1-hydroxyhexyl)oxy-17-methoxy-10,23-dimethyl-pentaazapentacyclo 20.2.1.1.sup.3,6.1.sup.8,11sup.14,19 !heptacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11(27),12,14,16,18,20,22(25),23-tridecaene. To a solution of the above phenylenediamine.2HCl (485 mg, 1.4821 mmol) in methanol (240 mL) was added solid 2,5-bis 5-formyl-3-ethyl-4-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl!-3,4-diethylpyrrole in one go, under a nitrogen atmosphere. After heating at 75 h, the reaction was allowed to cool to RT. charcoal (330 mg) was added to the solution and the system was stirred for 15 min. The charcoal was removed by filtration over celite, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The target compound was isolated as the dihydrochloride salt in the form of an orange glass (900 mg, 85%).
Dysprosium complex of 4,5,9,24-tetraethyl-16(1-hydroxyhexyl)oxy-17-methoxy-10,23-dimethyl-pentaazapentacyclo 20.2.1.1.sup.3,6.1.sup.8,11sup.14,19 !heptacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11(27),12,14,16,18,20,22(25),23-tridecaene, cpd. 2.sub.A. To a solution of the tridecaene prepared above (130 mg, 0.1824 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) was added dysprosium nitrate pentahydrate (120 mg, 0.2736 mmol), followed by triethylamine (260 μL, 1.834 mmol). The reaction was heated under gentle reflux open to the air. After 2.5 h, the reaction was allowed to cool to RT and was filtered through a pad of celite. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting crude complex was triturated in acetone (30 mL) for 10 min. The solid was isolated by suction filtration and dried under reduced pressure. To remove unbound dysprosium metal ion, the complex was dissolved in a mixture of methanol/water (9:1, 15 mL) and gently agitated with zeolite (SAY-54, 600 mg), which had been previously rinsed with dilute HCl and deionized water. After 1.5 h, the zeolite was removed by filtration and the process was repeated using fresh zeolite. After removal of the zeolite, n-butyl alcohol (10 mL) was added to the system to prevent bumping during solvent removal. Solvents were removed under reduced pressure to yield the target compound 2.sub.A as the dinitrate salt in the form of a deep green solid (97 mg, 58%). MS (FABLR) M--HNO.sub.3 --NO.sub.3 796.
Dysprosium complex of 2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropyl-6-(4,5,9,24-tetraethyl-17-methoxy-10,23-dimethyl-pentaazapentacyclo 20.2.1.1.sup.3,6.1.sup.8,11sup.14,19 !-heptacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11(27),12,14,16,18,20,22(25),23-tridecaene-16(1-oxy)hexylphosphoramidite, cpd. 2.sub.B. To the solid Dy complex prepared above (104 mg, 0.1129 mmol) under a strict nitrogen atmosphere was added anhydrous dichloromethane (4 mL) followed by N,N-diisopropylethylamine (79 μL, 0.4515 mmol). The system was cooled to 0 2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite (76 μL, 0.3386 mmol) was added via syringe. After 3.5 h, the reaction was quenched using anhydrous methanol (416 μL), and diluted using methylene chloride (8 mL). The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (12 mL), followed by saturated sodium chloride (10 mL). The organic layer was concentrated to a volume of approximately 2 mL and added dropwise to vigorously stirring diethyl ether (46 mL). The resulting solid was isolated by centrifugation (2000 rpm, 5 min.) and washed with diethyl ether (3 centrifugation. Solvents were removed under reduced pressure to yield the title compound 2.sub.B as a deep green solid (80 mg). ##STR4##
EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of a Dual Texaphyrin Phosphoramidite Following the procedures of Example 2, a dual texaphyrin phosphoramidite 3.sub.B may be prepared from the DyTx complex 3.sub.A (2 eq.). ##STR5##
EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of a Sapphyrin Phosphoramidite A sapphyrin phosphoramidite derivative for use in coupling to a nucleotide according to the methods described herein was prepared as follows.
8- 3-(di-(p-anisoyl)phenylmethyloxy)propyl!-17- 3-(2-cyanoethoxy-N,N-di-(isopropyl)amino(oxy)phosphine)propyl!-3,12,13,22-tetraethyl-2,7,18,23-tetramethylsapphyrin, cpd. 4.sub.B. The sapphyrin 4.sub.A (56.5 mg, 0.05870 mmol) was dried under high vacuum for 15 h in a 25 mL round-bottom flask also containing a stir bar. Under a strict nitrogen atmosphere, methylene chloride (6 mL, freshly distilled over P.sub.2 O.sub.5) was added. To the resulting suspension was added N,N-di-(isopropyl)ethylamine (24 μL, 0.1371 mmol), 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetra-(isopropyl)phosphorodiamidite (60 μL, 0.1870 mmol) and 1H-tetrazole (5.0 mg, 0.0686 mmol). After stirring for 1 h, the reaction was diluted with methylene chloride (6 mL). After a further 1 h of stirring, N,N-di(isopropyl)ethylamine (24 μL, 0.1371 mmol), 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetra-(isopropyl)phosphorodiamidite (60 μL, 0.1870 mmol) and 1H-tetrazole (5.0 mg, 0.0686 mmol) were added. After a total of 3.5 h, N,N-di-(isopropyl)ethylamine (24 mL, 0.1371 mmol) and 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetra-(isopropyl)phosphorodiamidite (60 μL, 0.1870 mmol) were added. After 6 h, the homogeneous reaction mixture was washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (11 mL) for 2 min, and then with a saturated solution of sodium chloride (11 mL) for 2 min. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate for 5 min and then concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to a volume of 950 μL. The solution of the crude sapphyrin phosphoramidite in methylene chloride was dripped into hexanes (50 mL) using a 1 mL gas-tight syringe which was rinsed with methylene chloride (100 μL). After stirring for 5 min, the fine precipitate was filtered and the resulting solid was dried under high vacuum for 3 h. A 50 mM solution of the phosphoramidite in methylene chloride was prepared and filtered through a 0.2 micron nylon membrane into a 5 mL vial suitable for use with an automated DNA synthesizer. The solvent was removed by the passage of a nitrogen stream over the solution, and the resulting solid was further dried under high vacuum for 18 h to yield the title compound 4.sub.B (48 mg, 70%). ##STR6##
EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of a Porphyrin Phosphoramidite A porphyrin phosphoramidite derivative for use in coupling to a nucleotide according to the methods described herein was prepared as follows.
12,18-diethyl-3,7,8,13,17-pentamethylporphyrin-2- N-(3-(2-cyanoethoxy-N,N-di-(isopropyl)amino(oxy)phosphine)propyl)propionamide!, cpd. 6.sub.B. The porphyrin alcohol 6.sub.A (40 mg, 0.0707 mmol; prepared according to the protocol of Thuong and Asseline, Chapter 12 in Oligonucleotides and Analogues A Practical Approach, F. Eckstein, Ed., IRL Press, NY, 1991) was dried under high vacuum for 15 h in a 25 mL round-bottom flask also containing a stir bar. Under a strict nitrogen atmosphere methylene chloride (14 mL, freshly distilled over P.sub.2 O.sub.5) was added. To the resulting suspension was added N,N-di-(isopropyl)ethylamine (27 μL, 0.1555 mmol), 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetra-(isopropyl)phosphorodiamidite (68 μL, 0.2121 mmol) and 1H-tetrazole (5.5 mg, 0.0778 mmol). After stirring for 2 h, N,N-di-(isopropyl)ethylamine (27 μL, 0.1555 mmol), 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetra-(isopropyl)phosphorodiamidite (68 μL, 0.2121 mmol) and 1H-tetrazole (5.5 mg, 0.0778 mmol) were added. After a total of 4 h, the homogeneous reaction mixture was washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (11 mL) for 2 min, and then with a saturated solution of sodium chloride for 2 min. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate for 5 min and then concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to a volume of 650 μL. The solution of the crude porphyrin phosphoramidite in methylene chloride was dripped in to hexanes (50 mL) using a 1 mL gas-tight syringe which was rinsed with methylene chloride (100 μL). After stirring for 5 min, the fine precipiatate was filtered and the resulting solid was dried under high vacuum for 3 h. A 50 mM solution of the phosphoramidite in methylene chloride was prepared and filtered through a 0.2 micron nylon membrane into a 5 mL vial suitable for use with an automated DNA synthesizer. The solvent was removed by the passage of a nitrogen stream over the solution, and the resulting solid was further dried under high vacuum for 18 h to yield the phosphoramidite derivative 6.sub.B (40 mg, 75%). ##STR7##
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