Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JPH05126750A/en
Timestamp: 2020-08-05 09:34:30
Document Index: 763220845

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 15', 'art 1', 'art 104', 'art 104', 'art 104', 'art 10', 'art 201']

JPH05126750A - Apparatus for inspecting inner surface of circular - Google Patents
Apparatus for inspecting inner surface of circular
JPH05126750A
JPH05126750A JP3286934A JP28693491A JPH05126750A JP H05126750 A JPH05126750 A JP H05126750A JP 3286934 A JP3286934 A JP 3286934A JP 28693491 A JP28693491 A JP 28693491A JP H05126750 A JPH05126750 A JP H05126750A
JP3286934A
公一 外山
1991-11-01 Application filed by Fuji Electric Co Ltd, 富士電機株式会社 filed Critical Fuji Electric Co Ltd
1991-11-01 Priority to JP3286934A priority Critical patent/JPH05126750A/en
1992-11-02 Priority claimed from US07/970,280 external-priority patent/US5338000A/en
1993-05-21 Publication of JPH05126750A publication Critical patent/JPH05126750A/en
1993-11-24 Priority claimed from US08/157,908 external-priority patent/US5412203A/en
238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
PURPOSE:To detect the defective part stabely and highly accurately even if there is unevenness in illuminance at the inner surface of a container by setting an objective region for inspection for the part between the initial rise-up point and the last falling- point of every scan on the image signal, which is obtained by binaray-coding the multivalued variable-desntity image signal with a threshold level. CONSTITUTION:A region detecting circuit 21 binary-codes a multivalued variable-density image signal 1a from a frame memory 1 through a window-gate circuit 5E with an outer-shape binary-coding threshold value THG. The first rise-up point 61 of the signal and the last fall-down point 62 are detected. A region signal 21a, wherein the part between the points 61 and 62 is the processing range, is outputted. The AND conditions of the signal 21a and the variable-dinsity image signal 22a for one scanning line corresponding to the signal 21a are gated 23. A variable-dinsity image signal 23a in an object region is outputted. The defective picture elements including the defective peak and bottom are detected 24. The element and the result of the circular inspection of a high-luminance-part judging circuit are judged with a synthetic judging part 15. The good or bad state is outputted from an output circuit 16 based on the output judgment signal.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention inspects the inner surface of a circular container such as a beer can conveyed on a conveyor or the like, and
The present invention relates to a circular container inner surface inspection device as an image processing device for detecting dust, scratches, and the like. In the following figures, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.
2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a high-intensity part in the case of observing a container of an aluminum can for beer as an example, and FIG. 8A is a top view (image) of the container and FIG. B) is a side sectional view. 102 is a container, 101 is this container 1
A ring-shaped illuminator that illuminates 02 from above, 103 is a high-intensity part at the mouth, and 104 is a high-intensity part at the bottom. By thus irradiating the inner surface of the container 102 with the light beam using the ring illuminator 101, the mouth and the bottom of the inner surface of the container 1
High brightness areas such as 03 and 104 occur. This is particularly noticeable when the inner surface of the container has a metallic luster, such as a can.
FIG. 9B is a top view image of the container 102 (see FIG. 1).
3A shows changes in density on the scanning line Q-Q1 with respect to 3 (A)), and is classified into five regions W1 to W5 according to the characteristics of the density change. The first region W1 is the mouth high-intensity part 1
03, the second region W2 is the middle part on the side surface of the container where the change in concentration is relatively small, and the third region W3 is a darker container than the other regions because the light rays from the illumination 101 described in FIG. It is the lower part of the side surface, the fourth region W4 is the bottom high-intensity part 104, and the fifth region W5 is the bottom.
Conventionally, a window is provided in each of these areas W1 to W5, and a threshold value for detecting a defect of black stain (black spot) or white stain (white spot) is set according to the optical characteristics of the area. Was. As a method of detecting a defect, for example, an 8-bit multi-value grayscale image signal obtained by A / D conversion of an analog video signal (analog grayscale image signal) obtained by scanning a target image is set at a predetermined threshold value. A binarization method, a differentiation method of differentiating the video signal through a differentiation circuit as shown in FIG. 10 and extracting a defect signal, and the like are known. In the case of this differentiating method, a differential signal is also generated in the contour portion of the outer shape of the object, but in the contour portion, one of the positive direction pulse and the negative direction pulse is generated by differentiation, whereas in the minute defect portion, the positive direction pulse is generated. The defect can be extracted by utilizing the fact that the negative pulses are generated at the same time.
That is, a value P (i, j) at a target point (coordinate value x = i, y = j) of a signal P (x, y) obtained by differentiating an analog grayscale image signal based on raster scanning,
The value P (i- at a point separated by a predetermined minute α pixel and β pixel from the point of interest on the x-direction scanning line, respectively.
between α, j) and P (i + β, j), P (i, j) −P (i−α, j)> TH1 and P (i + β, j) −P (i, j) )> TH1 (if TH1 is a predetermined threshold value (positive value)) Binarization function value PD for defect detection at the point of interest
When (i, j) = 1, this point of interest is a black level defective point, and in other cases, PD (i, j) = 0 is set and this point of interest is a normal point.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of the problems of the conventional defect detection method based on the differential method.
Shows an example of a density change (analog grayscale image signal) on the scanning line Q-Q1, FIG. 7B shows an analog differential signal corresponding to FIG. 4A, and FIG. Examples of digital differential signals corresponding to BD in each of these figures (A) to (C) is a black stain (valley) defective portion.
That is, in the conventional defect detection method, even if a black level defect such as BD exists as a signal in a portion where the density change is inclined as shown in FIG. 11A, according to the analog differentiation method, FIG. As shown in (4), the time constant of the filter circuit only superimposes the differential signal of the small defective portion on the grayscale differential signal that is the base, and the digital differential method stabilizes the signal as shown in FIG. However, the differential signal of the defective portion is buried in the noise component, and it is extremely difficult to detect the defective signal using a certain threshold value.
FIG. 12 shows an example of a top view of the container 102 having an angular protrusion 102a on the bottom, but on the other hand,
As described above, the inner surface of the container has multiple high-intensity parts as shown in FIGS. 104-1 and 104-2 depending on the shape of the bottom and the degree of reflection of light rays on the side surface. Is often mirror-like, and this tendency is remarkable. It is difficult to remove such a high-intensity part by devising lighting, and when inspecting the inner surface of the container, it is essentially necessary to adopt a defect detection method that corresponds to the uneven illuminance on the inner surface of the container by the high-intensity part. However, it has been difficult to detect this defect by the conventional method. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a circular container inner surface inspection apparatus capable of detecting a defective portion with stability and high accuracy even when the inner surface of the container has uneven illuminance.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the circular container inner surface inspection device according to claim 1 illuminates the inner surface side of the circular container from the axial direction of the axisymmetric circular container, In the circular container inner surface inspection device for imaging the illumination surface of the circular container from the axial direction through a TV camera and analyzing the captured image to inspect for black stains and white stains on the inner surface of the circular container. A frame memory (1 or the like) for storing a multivalued grayscale image signal (PO or the like) as a D / A conversion signal of the grayscale image signal obtained by the screen scanning of 1 as data on the screen corresponding to the imaging screen.
And a multi-value grayscale image signal (1a or the like) read by horizontal or vertical scanning of this frame memory is binarized by a predetermined threshold value (THG or the like) to generate a binarized image signal. From the first rising point (61, etc.) to the last falling point (62, etc.) for each of the scans on the digitized image signal
Area detection means (area detection circuit 21 and the like) for making the section up to the target area of the inspection,
A circular container inner surface inspection apparatus according to a second aspect is the circular container inner surface inspection apparatus according to the first aspect, in which a region having different optical characteristics is detected in the region to be inspected detected by the region detecting means (mask rising edge). Point 63, mask falling point 64, etc.) predetermined mask pattern data (2
(a) or the like) for masking (window gate circuit 5E or the like).
[Operation] Multi-value grayscale image signal PO based on raster scanning
Point of interest for (x, y) (coordinate values x = i, y = j)
Value (pixel value of interest) PO (i, j) and a value (background pixel value) at two points (background points) that are apart from this point of interest on the x-direction scanning line by a predetermined small α pixel, respectively.
PO (i + α, j) and PO (i−α, j) are extracted,
The relationship between these three points forms a valley shape in the black level detection and a mountain shape in the white level detection (that is, the density difference between the background pixel value and the pixel value of interest), and the absolute value of the density difference is detected. When the pixel value exceeds a certain threshold value THD, the pixel value of interest PO (i, j) is regarded as a defective pixel.
That is, FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the principle of the valley detection binarizing method according to the present invention. FIG. 1A shows a scanning line (y = j) Q-
An example of the multi-value grayscale image signal PO (x, y) on Q1 is shown.
However, this multi-value grayscale image signal PO is read by scanning of the frame memory, and the fixed binarized signal corresponding to this signal PO is read from the first rising point for each scanning of the frame memory to the last point. It is extracted as a signal of a portion in the inspection target section that reaches the falling point. Here, 51 is the point of interest in the non-defective part, and 52 and 53.
Are the background points of the non-defective part and the background points of the non-defective part as background points separated by the number of pixels α in the front and rear of the point of interest 51, respectively. Similarly, 54 is a target point in the defective portion, and 55 and 56 are a defective portion front background point and a defective portion rear background point as background points which are separated from the focused point 54 by the number of pixels α before and after on the scanning line. ..
In the present invention, the coordinates of the point of interest are x = i, y = j
Then, PO (i-α, j) -PO (i, j)> THD ─── (1) and PO (i + α, j) -PO (i, j)> THD ─── (2) If there is a relation of (though THD is a predetermined threshold value (positive value)), a binarization function value for defect detection at a point of interest (called a mountain / valley defect binarized image signal) POD (i,
j) = 1, this point of interest is taken as a valley (defective). In the non-defective part of FIG. 1, the above equation (2) is not satisfied and no defect is detected, but in the defective part of FIG. The above (1) and (2) are established, and the valley defect can be detected. Note that FIG. 1 (B) corresponds to FIG. 1 (A), and the peak / valley binarized image signal POD (x, j) as a defect determination output.
In this manner, the waveform of FIG. 1A is divided into small regions, and the number of pixels α and the threshold value THD in the equations (1) and (2) are given to each of these small regions as appropriate. , The optimum detection performance can be obtained. Further, in the present invention, in the case of detecting a mountain (defective), the positions of the difference terms in the expressions (1) and (2) are reversed, and PO (i, j) -PO (i-α, j)> THD ────────────────────────────────────── (1A) and if there is a relation of PO (i, j) −PO (i + α, j)> THD ── (2A) i, j) = 1, and this point of interest is regarded as a mountain defect.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of hardware as an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, PO is the above-mentioned multi-value (for example, 8 bits) obtained by AD-converting a video signal obtained by raster-scanning the image plane of a TV camera not shown
The grayscale image signal of 1 is a frame memory for inputting the multivalued grayscale image signal PO and storing it as multivalued screen data.
Is an address generation circuit for this frame memory. Reference numeral 2 is a window memory in which a mask pattern for each window memory is stored, and 4 is an address generation circuit for this window memory. Reference numeral 5E is a window gate circuit for converting the multi-value grayscale image signal PO or the image signal 1a read from the frame memory 1 into the window memory 2
This is a window gate circuit that is masked with the mask pattern data 2a from 1) and passes the image signal PO or 1a only in the designated window region.
Image edge detection circuits 6-1 and 6-2 are provided.
It has a function to detect the edge of the image, specifically the outer edge (outer peripheral point) and inner edge (inner peripheral point) of the ring-shaped high-intensity part. In this case, the input image signal is used to detect the position of the target image and After binarizing with a predetermined threshold value for the circularity inspection, the coordinates of the rising point and the coordinates of the falling point of this binarized signal as an image edge are stored in its own memory. Reference numeral 11 is a circuit for performing circularity inspection on the coordinate values of the outer peripheral points or the inner peripheral points detected by the image edge detection circuit 6-1. 13 is preset with the center position of the actual target image detected by the image edge detection circuit 6-2 by inputting the latest multi-value grayscale image signal PO so that a window is generated at the correct position for the target image. This is a circuit for detecting a deviation from the center position of the window being displayed.
Reference numeral 21 denotes a defect inspection target area for each horizontal scanning line (in other words, a target container of the target container) for inputting the multi-value grayscale image signal 1a which has passed through the window gate circuit 5E from the frame memory 1 to detect defective pixels. A region detection circuit that outputs a region signal 21a as a signal for defining a region divided by the outer shape, 22 is synchronized with the region detection circuit 21, and the image signal 1a for one horizontal scanning line is input and temporarily stored. A line memory 23 is a region signal 2
1a and a grayscale image signal 22a output from the line memory 22 as an image signal for each horizontal scanning line corresponding thereto are ANDed, and a grayscale image signal (inspection region grayscale) of only the defect inspection target region is taken. Image signal) 2
It is an AND gate that outputs 3a. 24 is the image signal 2
3a to a peak / valley detection binarization circuit for detecting defective pixels including the peak / valley defects described in FIG.
Next, 9 is an X projection circuit for obtaining the X-direction projection circuit pattern of the target image using the multi-valued image signal PO that has passed through the window gate circuit 5E, and 10 is Y-projection for similarly obtaining the Y direction projection pattern of the target image. A circuit 14 is a circuit for using the output data of the two projection circuits 9 and 10 to obtain only the region of the target container image which is not connected to another container image. Further, 15 is a circuit for inputting the judgment results of the high-luminance part judgment circuit 11 and the peak / valley detection binarization circuit 24 to make a comprehensive judgment, and 16 is a pass / fail output according to the output judgment signal of this comprehensive judgment circuit 15. It is an output circuit.
In the present invention, the area detection circuit 21 detects the outer shape of the container as the area to be inspected, and the areas determined by the detection are expressed by the equations (1), (2) and (1A). ), (2A) is performed.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the area detection circuit 21, that is, the operation of detecting the defect inspection target area (that is, the outer shape of the container). That is, FIG. 7A is an upper surface image of the container 102, and in this figure, OL is the outer shape, QA-QA1, QB-QB.
Reference numeral 1 is a scanning line (or cross section), and 201 is a mask pattern. Further, FIG. 7B shows the relationship between the image density change (grayscale image signal) in the cross section QA-QA1 and the inspection target area, and FIG. 6C shows the image density change in the cross section QB-QB1 and the inspection thereof. The relationship with the target area is shown.
The area detection circuit 21 receives the multi-value grayscale image signal 1a input from the frame memory 1 through the window gate circuit 5E as described above, and outputs this signal 1a as shown in FIG. 13B. A certain threshold (for convenience, outline 2
This is binarized by THG (referred to as a binarization threshold value), the first rising point 61 and the last falling point 62 of this binarized signal are detected, and the range between points 61 and 62 is set as the processing range. Then, a signal indicating this processing range, that is, a signal that becomes "1" only in the shaded area in the figure is output as the above-mentioned area signal 21a. This area signal 21a is the same as the line memory 22 described above.
AND condition is obtained by the AND gate 23 and the grayscale image signal 22a for one scanning line corresponding to the region signal 21a stored at 1 o'clock, and the output of the AND gate 23 is the grayscale image signal 23a of the above-described inspection target region. Is obtained. However, the area signal 21a may be given by a window signal obtained from the mask pattern data 2a from the window memory 2 (that is, a signal indicating an area excluding the mask pattern area) or a combination of the area signal 21a and this window signal.
The area between points 63 and 64 in FIG. 13C is the area corresponding to the mask pattern 201 in FIG. 13A. Here, for convenience sake, 63 is called a mask rising point and 64 is called a mask falling point. .. In this example, the mask pattern 201 masks a region on the bottom surface of the container where changes in the grayscale image signal 1a are considered to be somewhat complicated. In this case, the window signal is obtained as a signal which becomes "1" in the area excluding the points 63 and 64 as the mask area. Then, a signal obtained by combining the original area signal which becomes "1" only from the first rising point 61 to the last falling point and the window signal, that is, between points 61-63 and point 64 in FIG. 13C. A signal which becomes "1" only in the shaded area between -62 becomes the area signal 21a finally output from this area detection circuit 21.
In this manner, the equations (1), (2), (1A) and (2A) described with reference to FIG.
It is possible to give the optimum number of pixels α and the threshold value THD in. By creating a number of such mask patterns 201 or window patterns concentrically, it is possible to select the optimum number of strokes α and threshold value THD according to the optical characteristics of the inner surface of the container, and improve the detection capability. Is.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the detailed configuration of the peak / valley detection binarization circuit 24 of FIG. However, this configuration shows the case of valley (defective) detection. In the case of peak (defective) detection, the polarity of the subtraction of the subtraction circuits 36-1 and 36-2, which will be described later, is reversed or the peak / valley detection is performed. The input image signal 23a to the binarization circuit 24 is inverted. In this latter case, the function of the comparator 37-3 (black level determination by fixed binarization) and the function of the comparator 37-4 (white level determination by fixed binarization) are switched.
Next, the function of FIG. 3 will be described. This Figure 3
Implements the principle of FIG. 32 in FIG.
-1, 32-2 are input image signals (that is, A described in FIG. 2).
Inspection area grayscale image signal as output of ND gate 23)
23a is a + α pixel delay circuit that sequentially delays α pixels in the scanning direction. Reference numerals 41-1 and 41-2 are smoothing circuits for smoothing the image signal as necessary to reduce the influence of noise as described later, and 42 is a smoothing circuit ON for switching whether or not to perform this smoothing. / Off switch. Here, the smoothing circuit 41-1 is provided corresponding to the front background point detection circuit 33 described later, and the smoothing circuit 41-1 is also provided.
-2 is provided corresponding to the rear background point detection circuit 35 which will be described later. Note that there is no smoothing circuit corresponding to the point-of-interest detection circuit 34, which will be described later, because the point-of-interest defect detection sensitivity (that is, low peaks / valleys, light shades, in other words, defective pixels detected with a small threshold value are detected. This is to improve the ability to do).
The front background point detection circuit 33 receives the inspection area grayscale image signal 23a as the original input image signal or its smoothing signal to detect the front background point, and the target point detection circuit 34 is + α pixel. The circuit for detecting the point of interest by inputting the output image signal of the delay circuit 32-1 and the rear background point detecting circuit 35 for inputting the output image signal of the + α pixel delay circuit 32-2 or the smoothed signal thereof to the rear background point. Is a circuit for detecting the
When the detection circuits 33, 34, and 35 do not use the smoothing circuits 41-1 and 41-2 by the action of 2-2 (that is, the smoothing circuits are short-circuited by the switch 42), the pixels described in FIG. Values PO (i + α, j), PO (i, j), P
Latch O (i-α, j) simultaneously.
However, when the smoothing circuits 41-1 and 41-2 are used, the pixel values PO (i + α, j) and PO (i-
α and j) are replaced with the values of the following expressions (3) and (4), respectively. PO (i + α, j) = { k = 0 Σ n-1 PO (i + α + k, j)} / n-(3) PO (i-α, j) = { k = 0 Σ n-1 PO (i- α-k, j)} / n (4) That is, the smoothing circuit 41-1 determines the pixel value P of the corresponding front background point.
The average of n pixel values on the front side including O (i + α, j) is calculated and replaced with the pixel value of the front background point. Similarly, the smoothing circuit 41-2 is used for the back background point. The average of a total of n pixel values on the rear side including the pixel value PO (i-α, j) is calculated and replaced with the pixel value of the rear background point. It should be noted that the reason why the average value centering on the pixel value is not calculated here is to prevent the pixel value PO (i, j) of the point of interest from being involved in the calculation of this average value.
Further, instead of obtaining the average value as in the above equations (3) and (4), the median of the n pixel values in question (that is, the n values are arranged in the central order when arranged in the order of size). Value) may be extracted.
Now, the above-mentioned respective image data latched by the detection circuits 33, 34 and 35 of FIG. 3 are subtracted by the subtraction circuits 36-1 and 36-3.
6-2, which are described in FIG. 1 (1),
The difference is calculated according to the contents of the equation (2). This difference is compared by the comparators 37-1, 37-2 with the peak / valley threshold values THD set in the threshold value setting circuits 38-1, 38-2, respectively. 37-2 A
As the output of the AND gate 39 for obtaining the ND condition, the peak / valley binary image signal P described in FIG.
OD is obtained. On the other hand, the comparators 37-3 and 37-4 are for detecting a defective pixel having a relatively large area, and the comparator 37-3 outputs the image data of the pixel of interest from the point-of-interest detection circuit 34 which does not input the smoothed image signal. Receiving the output, the black level threshold THB set in the threshold setting circuit 38-3
And a black level binarized image signal 37B indicating a black level defective pixel is detected and output. Similarly, the comparator 37-4
Receives the pixel data output of the target pixel, compares it with the white level threshold THW set in the threshold setting circuit 38-4, and compares the white level binary image signal 3 indicating the white level defective pixel.
7W is detected and output.
The OR gate 40 outputs the peak / valley binarized image signal P as each defective pixel detection signal thus detected.
The OR condition of the OD, the black level binarized image signal 37B, and the white level binarized image signal 37W is obtained, and the defective binarized image signal 40a is output. The means for detecting black level defective pixels (comparator 37-3 etc.) and the means for detecting white level defective pixels (comparator 37-4 etc.) are the peak / valley detection 2 in the example of FIG.
Although the processing is performed in parallel with the digitizing means (AND gate 39, etc.) at the same time, it goes without saying that these means also individually inspect the image, finally combine the respective operations, and perform the judgment output. Within the scope of the present invention.
Next, the image scanning method will be described. Figure 1
(A) shows the light and shade of the image in a certain cross section Q-Q1 of the inner surface of the container. The number of pixels α in the formulas (1) and (2) or the formulas (1A) and (2A) is a defective portion. It is a parameter that gives the frequency of the image signal of a part (in other words, the width of a mountain or valley). However, as shown in FIG. 1 (A), the grayscale image signal on the inner surface of the container at the time of non-defective product is complicated including many kinds of frequency components, and as described above, the inner surface of the container is divided and optimum parameters are set for each. Need to give. However, by devising the scanning direction of the image, it is possible to further reduce the grayscale change of the background pixel and improve the detection accuracy.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of such an image scanning method. In FIG. 4A, WB is a window for selecting a defect detection target area, Z1, Z2, Z3.
Z4 is an upper circle area, a lower circle area, a left circle area, and a right circle area, respectively. That is, in FIG. 4, the bottom high-intensity portion 104 in which the shade of the container 102 changes a lot is selected in the window WB, and the valley detection binarization is tried. Here, for example, when the shade change in the horizontal scanning direction in the area of the window WB is examined, a portion where the shade changes at a high frequency, such as HF in FIG. 4C, occurs in the left circular area Z3, which affects the detection sensitivity. But give
When the left circular area Z3 of FIG. 4A is scanned in the direction of the scanning direction arrow AR, a low-frequency gradation change is obtained as a background as shown in FIG. Since the frequency is extremely high, the accuracy of detection can be improved.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of a simple image scanning method. In the figure, the scanning direction is kept horizontal as indicated by the arrow AR, and the scanning area is the window W.
B is divided into three areas Za, Zb, and Zc. In this case, a threshold value is set for detecting peaks and valleys in the areas Za and Zc and a threshold for detecting peaks and valleys in the area Zb. The value setting is performed separately, and the optimum detection is performed according to the frequency of the light and shade of the background. In this case, the area Zb
Although the defect detection sensitivity in (1) is low, the detection sensitivity in the regions Za and Zc can be increased.
FIG. 6 shows a modification of FIG. 4, in which the scanning area is equally divided into four fan-shaped areas around the center of the container, and in FIG. 6, it is equally divided into eight fan-shaped areas. The optimum scanning direction AR is given to the area.
The detection sensitivity can be higher than in the case of.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between the defect detection method according to the present invention and the shape of the defective portion. In the same figure (A), 71-73 show the defective part which appeared in the image of the container 102. The same figure (B) shows the shade change in the scanning cross section QA-QA1 of the same figure (A), but the oval defective portions 71, 72.
The frequency of light and shade changes depending on the direction of the long (short) diameter. Therefore, in the same inspection area, the above equation (1),
The defect detection capability can be improved by selecting some kinds of amounts corresponding to the pixel number α in (2) and repeating the inspection.
On the other hand, FIG. 7 (C) shows the change in shade in the scanning section QB-QB1 in FIG. 7 (A). The defective portion 73 on this section is large, and the change in the shade image signal is at a low frequency. Is assumed to be sufficiently black against the background. in this case,
Since the defective portion 73 has a low frequency, it cannot be detected in the valley detection binarization unless the value of the number of pixels α is extremely large, which is not practical. In such a case, the black level threshold value THB is set in the threshold value setting circuit 38-3 in FIG. 3 using the fixed binarization method described in FIG. 7 (C), the defective portion 73 is separated and detected as a black level to supplement the detection capability of the valley detection binarization. As a method of determining the black level threshold value THB, as an example, the average of density data of pixels on a circumference (illuminance measurement circle) such as 74 in FIG. 7A is obtained, and shown in FIG. As described above, there is a method of subtracting a certain set amount σ from this average value to obtain the threshold value THB.
According to the invention of claim 1, the inner surface side of the circular container is illuminated from the axial direction of the axisymmetric circular container, and the illumination surface of the circular container is illuminated from the axial direction via the TV camera. A D / A conversion signal of a grayscale image signal obtained by screen scanning of the imaging in a circular container inner surface inspection device for imaging and analyzing the imaged image to inspect the inner surface of the circular container for black stains and white stains. The frame memory 1 for storing the multivalued grayscale image signal PO as data on the screen corresponding to the image pickup screen, and the multivalued grayscale image signal 1a read by the horizontal or vertical scanning of the frame memory 1 are predetermined. The binarized image signal is generated by binarizing with the threshold value THG, and the section from the first rising point 61 to the last falling point 62 for each scanning is detected on the binarized image signal. Region detection circuit 21, the target area
According to the invention of claim 2, in the circular container inner surface inspection apparatus according to claim 1, the area detection circuit 2
A window gate circuit 5E is provided as a means for masking regions having different optical characteristics in the inspection target region detected by 1 using predetermined mask pattern data 2a which gives a mask rising point 63 and a mask falling point 64. Therefore, even if there is unevenness in illuminance on the inner surface of the circular container due to a high-intensity portion or the like generated by illumination, the inspection target region can be correctly extracted and the defective portion can be accurately detected.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the principle of a valley detection binarization method based on the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration as an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of a peak / valley detection circuit as one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a first embodiment of a screen scanning method according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a second embodiment of the screen scanning method according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a third embodiment of the screen scanning method according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between a defect detection method according to the present invention and a shape of a defective portion.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a high-intensity part on the inner surface of a circular container.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between density change on the inner surface of a circular content and conventional window division.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an analog differentiating circuit.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional defect detection method.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a high-intensity portion on the inner surface of a circular container when the bottom shape of the container is different.
FIG. 13 is an operation explanatory diagram of the area detection circuit.
PO multi-value grayscale image signal 1 frame memory 1a frame memory output image signal 2 window memory 2a mask pattern data 3 image address generation circuit 4 window address generation circuit 5E window gate circuit 6-1 image edge detection circuit 6-2 image edge detection circuit 9 X projection circuit 10 Y projection circuit 11 high-brightness part determination circuit 13 position shift amount determination circuit 14 processing area determination circuit 15 comprehensive determination circuit 16 output circuit WB window 21 area detection circuit 21a area signal 22 line memory 22a grayscale image signal 23 AND Gate 23a Inspection area grayscale image signal 24 Peak / valley detection binarization circuit 32-1 + α pixel delay circuit 32-2 + α pixel delay circuit 33 Front background point detection circuit 34 Point of interest detection circuit 35 Rear background point detection circuit 36-1 Subtraction circuit 3 -2 subtraction circuit 37-1 comparator 37-2 comparator 37-3 comparator 37-4 comparator 37B black level binarized image signal 37W white level binarized image signal 38-1 threshold value setting circuit 38- 2 threshold value setting circuit 38-3 threshold value setting circuit 38-4 threshold value setting circuit 39 AND gate 40 OR gate 40a defective binarized image signal 51 non-defective part focus point 52 non-defective front background point 53 non-defective rear background point 54 Defective part focus point 55 Defective part front background point 56 Defective part rear background point 61 First rising point 62 Last falling point 63 Mask rising point 64 Mask falling point Z1 Upper circle area Z2 Lower circle area Z3 Left circle area Z4 Right circle area Za area Zb area Zc area 101 ring illuminator 102 container 103 mouth high brightness part 104 bottom high brightness part 104-1 bottom high brightness part 10 -2 Bottom high-intensity part 201 Mask pattern PO (i-α, j) Pixel value of rear background point PO (i, j) Pixel value of target point PO (i + α, j) Pixel value of front background point POD Mountain / valley Binarized image signal THD mountain / valley threshold THB black level threshold THW white level threshold THG outline binarization threshold OL outline
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 5 Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location H04N 7/18 B 8626-5C
1. An inner surface side of this circular container is illuminated from the axial direction of an axially symmetric circular container, and an illumination surface of this circular container is imaged from this axial direction via a TV camera. In a circular container inner surface inspection device that analyzes and inspects black stains and white stains on the inner surface of the circular container, a grayscale image signal D obtained by screen scanning of the imaging
A frame memory that stores a multivalued grayscale image signal as an A / A conversion signal as data on a screen corresponding to the image pickup screen, and a multivalued grayscale image signal read by horizontal or vertical scanning of the frame memory are specified. Threshold value is binarized to 2
Area detection means for generating a binarized image signal, and setting a section from the first rising point to the last falling point of each scanning on the binarized image signal as a target area of the inspection. An inner surface inspection device for a circular container, which is characterized in that
2. The apparatus for inspecting the inner surface of a circular container according to claim 1, further comprising means for masking regions having different optical characteristics in a region to be inspected detected by the region detecting means by using predetermined mask pattern data. A device for inspecting the inner surface of a circular container, which is characterized by being provided.
JP3286934A 1991-11-01 1991-11-01 Apparatus for inspecting inner surface of circular Pending JPH05126750A (en)
JP3286934A JPH05126750A (en) 1991-11-01 1991-11-01 Apparatus for inspecting inner surface of circular
EP19920118603 EP0540018A3 (en) 1991-11-01 1992-10-30 A cylindrical container inner surface tester based on an image processing technology
US07/970,280 US5338000A (en) 1991-11-01 1992-11-02 Cylindrical container inner surface tester based on an image processing technology
US08/157,908 US5412203A (en) 1991-07-15 1993-11-24 Cylindrical container inner surface tester
JPH05126750A true JPH05126750A (en) 1993-05-21
ID=17710854
JP3286934A Pending JPH05126750A (en) 1991-11-01 1991-11-01 Apparatus for inspecting inner surface of circular
EP (1) EP0540018A3 (en)
JP (1) JPH05126750A (en)
DE59914803D1 (en) * 1998-09-16 2008-08-21 Mannesmann Praezisrohr Gmbh Device for optical quality inspection of a pipe inner surface
EP0047612A1 (en) * 1980-09-04 1982-03-17 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Apparatus for detecting flaws in internal coatings on moving open-mouth containers
1991-11-01 JP JP3286934A patent/JPH05126750A/en active Pending
1992-10-30 EP EP19920118603 patent/EP0540018A3/en not_active Ceased
EP0540018A3 (en) 1993-06-30
EP0540018A2 (en) 1993-05-05
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