Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US8155239?dq=7,003,515
Timestamp: 2015-05-03 11:59:13
Document Index: 489545544

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'art 15', 'art 15', 'art 15', 'art 15']

Patent US8155239 - UWB system employing gaussian minimum shift key modulation, common mode ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA multi-mode transmission system supporting OFDM and single-carrier signals is configured to perform interpolation and decimation such that the ratio of the interpolation factor to the decimation factor equals the ratio between the OFDM sampling rate and the single-carrier chip rate. A constant-envelope...http://www.google.com/patents/US8155239?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8155239 - UWB system employing gaussian minimum shift key modulation, common mode signaling, and beamformingAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8155239 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 13/101,212Publication dateApr 10, 2012Filing dateMay 5, 2011Priority dateAug 6, 2007Also published asUS8130870, US20090041156, US20110206150Publication number101212, 13101212, US 8155239 B2, US 8155239B2, US-B2-8155239, US8155239 B2, US8155239B2InventorsIsmail LakkisOriginal AssigneeQualcomm IncorporatedExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (4), Classifications (9), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetUWB system employing gaussian minimum shift key modulation, common mode signaling, and beamforming
US 8155239 B2Abstract
1. A method for equalizing gain when transmitting control information from a plurality of antenna configurations, the method comprising:
producing a set of quasi-omni beams having complementary beam patterns that form an aggregate beam pattern providing omni-directional coverage, each of the set of quasi-omni beams having at least a first antenna gain,
producing a set of directional beams, each of the set of directional beams having at least a second antenna gain, the at least second antenna gain being different than the at least first antenna gain, and
generating a first beacon frame having a first spreading gain to be transmitted on each of the set of quasi-omni beams and a second beacon frame having a second spreading gain to be transmitted on each of the set of directional beams, wherein generating further comprises selecting the first spreading gain and the second spreading gain such that the sum of the first spreading gain and the first antenna gain equals the sum of the second spreading gain and the second antenna gain.
2. The method recited in claim 1, wherein selecting the first spreading gain and the second spreading gain comprises selecting at least one of a Golay code length and a number of repetitions.
3. A method for determining a preferred set of beam patterns for transmitting information between a network controller and a subscriber device, the method comprising:
detecting a quasi-omni signal transmitted with a quasi-omni beam pattern by the network controller,
reading beacon-frame information in the quasi-omni signal,
employing the beacon-frame information to assist in detecting a plurality of directional signals, each transmitted with one of a plurality of directional beam patterns by the network controller,
calculating a link-quality factor for each of a plurality of combinations of beam pattern employed by the subscriber device and directional beam pattern employed by the network controller, and
transmitting a request to the network controller indicating at least one preferred directional beam pattern to use when communicating with the subscriber device.
4. The method recited in claim 3, wherein detecting a quasi-omni signal further comprises setting a predetermined time limit for determining if detection was successful, and upon unsuccessful detection, performing at least one of a set of functions, comprising notifying the network controller that detection was unsuccessful and directing the subscriber device to go into a sleep mode.
5. The method recited in claim 3, wherein calculating the link-quality factor for each of the plurality of combinations further comprises storing each link-quality factor.
6. The method recited in claim 3, wherein calculating the link-quality factor for each of the plurality of combinations comprises calculating the link-quality factor for all possible combinations of beam pattern employed by the subscriber device and directional beam pattern employed by the network controller.
7. The method recited in claim 3, wherein calculating the link-quality factor for each of the plurality of combinations further comprises storing a predetermined number of the combinations sorted by link-quality factor for providing a set of best combinations.
8. The method recited in claim 7, further comprising repeating the step of calculating the link-quality factor for each of the plurality of combinations for only the set of best combinations.
9. The method recited in claim 3, wherein transmitting the request comprises transmitting the request during at least one predetermined listening period.
10. The method recited in claim 3, wherein transmitting the request is followed by the network controller transmitting an acknowledgment to the subscriber device.
a controller having one or more processors configured to:
produce a set of quasi-omni beams having complementary beam patterns that form an aggregate beam pattern providing omni-directional coverage, each of the set of quasi-omni beams having at least a first antenna gain,
produce a set of directional beams, each of the set of directional beams having at least a second antenna gain, the at least second antenna gain being different than the at least first antenna gain,
generate a first beacon frame having a first spreading gain to be transmitted on each of the set of quasi-omni beams and a second beacon frame having a second spreading gain to be transmitted on each of the set of directional beams, and
select the first spreading gain and the second spreading gain such that the sum of the first spreading gain and the first antenna gain equals the sum of the second spreading gain and the second antenna gain.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to select at least one of a Golay code length and a number of repetitions.
means for producing a set of quasi-omni beams having complementary beam patterns that form an aggregate beam pattern providing omni-directional coverage, each of the set of quasi-omni beams having at least a first antenna gain,
means for producing a set of directional beams, each of the set of directional beams having at least a second antenna gain, the at least second antenna gain being different than the at least first antenna gain,
means for generating a first beacon frame having a first spreading gain to be transmitted on each of the set of quasi-omni beams and a second beacon frame having a second spreading gain to be transmitted on each of the set of directional beams, and
means for selecting the first spreading gain and the second spreading gain such that the sum of the first spreading gain and the first antenna gain equals the sum of the second spreading gain and the second antenna gain.
14. A computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions executable by one or more processors for:
producing a set of directional beams, each of the set of directional beams having at least a second antenna gain, the at least second antenna gain being different than the at least first antenna gain,
generating a first beacon frame having a first spreading gain to be transmitted on each of the set of quasi-omni beams and a second beacon frame having a second spreading gain to be transmitted on each of the set of directional beams, and
selecting the first spreading gain and the second spreading gain such that the sum of the first spreading gain and the first antenna gain equals the sum of the second spreading gain and the second antenna gain.
15. A network controller, comprising:
produce a set of quasi-omni beams, via the at least one antenna, having complementary beam patterns that form an aggregate beam pattern providing omni-directional coverage, each of the set of quasi-omni beams having at least a first antenna gain,
detect a quasi-omni signal transmitted with a quasi-omni beam pattern by a network controller,
read beacon-frame information in the quasi-omni signal,
employ the beacon-frame information to assist in detecting a plurality of directional signals, each transmitted with one of a plurality of directional beam patterns by the network controller,
calculate a link-quality factor for each of a plurality of combinations of beam pattern employed by the apparatus and directional beam pattern employed by the network controller, and
transmit a request to the network controller indicating at least one preferred directional beam pattern to use when communicating with the apparatus; and
memory coupled to the one or more processors.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to set a predetermined time limit for determining if detection was successful, and upon unsuccessful detection, perform at least one of a set of functions, comprising notifying the network controller that detection was unsuccessful and directing the apparatus to go into a sleep mode.
18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the memory is configured to store each link-quality factor.
19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to calculate the link-quality factor for all possible combinations of beam pattern employed by the apparatus and directional beam pattern employed by the network controller.
20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the memory is configured to store a predetermined number of the combinations sorted by link-quality factor for providing a set of best combinations.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to repeatedly calculate the link-quality factor for each of the plurality of combinations for only the set of best combinations.
22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to transmit the request during at least one predetermined listening period.
means for detecting a quasi-omni signal transmitted with a quasi-omni beam pattern by a network controller,
means for reading beacon-frame information in the quasi-omni signal,
means for employing the beacon-frame information to assist in detecting a plurality of directional signals, each transmitted with one of a plurality of directional beam patterns by the network controller,
means for calculating a link-quality factor for each of a plurality of combinations of beam pattern employed by the apparatus and directional beam pattern employed by the network controller, and
means for transmitting a request to the network controller indicating at least one preferred directional beam pattern to use when communicating with the apparatus.
24. A computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions executable by one or more processors for:
detecting a quasi-omni signal transmitted with a quasi-omni beam pattern by a network controller,
calculating a link-quality factor for each of a plurality of combinations of beam pattern employed by a subscriber device and directional beam pattern employed by the network controller, and
25. A subscriber device, comprising:
detect a quasi-omni signal transmitted with a quasi-omni beam pattern by a network controller via the at least one antenna,
calculate a link-quality factor for each of a plurality of combinations of beam pattern employed by the subscriber device and directional beam pattern employed by the network controller, and
transmit a request to the network controller indicating at least one preferred directional beam pattern to use when communicating with the subscriber device; and
The present Application for Patent is a divisional of patent application Ser. No. 12/185,500 entitled �UWB SYSTEM EMPLOYING GAUSSIAN MINIMUM SHIFT KEY MODULATION, COMMON MODE SIGNALING, AND BEAMFORMING� filed Aug. 4, 2008, pending, which claims priority to Provisional Application No. 60/963,596 entitled �UWB SYSTEM EMPLOYING GAUSSIAN MINIMUM SHIFT KEY MODULATION, COMMON MODE SIGNALING, AND BEAMFORMING� filed Aug. 6, 2007, and Provisional Application No. 60/963,838 entitled �UWB SYSTEM EMPLOYING GAUSSIAN MINIMUM SHIFT KEY MODULATION, COMMON MODE SIGNALING, AND BEAMFORMING� filed Aug. 7, 2007 assigned to the assignee hereof and hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein.
In one aspect of the related art, a dual-mode ultra-wideband (UWB) Physical Layer supporting single carrier and OFDM modulation employs a common mode. The UWB Physical Layer may be used for millimeter wave (e.g., 60 GHz) communications. Specifically, the document IEEE P802.15.3.c/D00, �Part 15.3: Wireless Medium. Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for High Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs): Amendment 2: Millimeter-wave based Alternative Physical Layer Extension,� is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Embodiments disclosed herein are advantageous for systems employing single-carrier and OFDM signals used in 60 GHz millimeter wave systems, such as defined by the IEEE802.1 5.3c protocol. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to such systems, as other applications may benefit from similar advantages.
In another embodiment of the invention, a modulation system comprises a rotation means and a Bessel filtering means. The rotation means may comprise, by way of example, but without limitation, a π/4 fixed rotator and a π/2 continuous rotator configured for processing an input data signal to'produce a complex signal comprising real and imaginary binary parts. The rotation means may comprise any combination of hardware and software configured for executing a π/4 fixed rotation and a π/2 continuous rotation.
FIG. 1 is a representation of a frame structure for a common-mode communication signal in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The common-mode signal comprises Golay spreading codes with chip-level π/2-DBPSK modulation and shortened Reed-Solomon (RS) coding, RS(255,239). Pulse shaping may employ GMSK or linearized GMSK. Alternatively, square-root raised cosine with clipping and/or lifting having a roll-off of 0.25, or square-mot raised cosine without clipping, also having a roll-off of 0.25, may be employed.
A frame comprises a preamble 101, header 102, and packet payload 103. The preamble comprises a packet sync sequence field 111, a start-frame delimiter field 112, and a channel-estimation sequence field 113. The sync sequence 111 is a repetition of ones spread by length-128 complementary Golay-codes ai 128 and/or bi 128. A long preamble may employ thirty codes, whereas a short preamble may employ as few as eight codes. The start-frame delimiter field 112 comprises an alternating sequence {1 −1 1 −1 . . . } spread by ai 128 and/or bi 128. The channel-estimation field 113 may be spread using length-256 complementary Golay codes ai 256 and/or bi 256, and may further comprise at least one cyclic prefix, such as ai CP and bi CP, which are length-128 Golay codes. The header 102 and packet payload 103 may be binary or complex-valued and may be spread using length-64 complementary Golay codes ai 64 and/or bi 64.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a modulator in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. It should be understood that the block diagram shown in FIG. 3 may be understood with respect to a variety of apparatus and method embodiments of the invention. Data dk in a frame is processed by a π/4 fixed rotator 301 and a π/2 continuous rotator 302 to produce a complex signal, ak=dk�(1+j)�jk k=0, 1, . . . , having real and imaginary parts. Since the real and imaginary parts of ak are binary signals, they do not require DACs. The real and imaginary parts are processed by analog Bessel filters 303.1 and 303.Q, which provide a close approximation to linearized GMSK pulses. The analog Bessel filters 303.1 and 303.Q produce a substantially constant-amplitude output signal having a low peak-to-average power (PAPR). For example, in some embodiments, a PAPR<0.2 dB may be produced.
FIG. 4B is a block diagram of a demodulator as configured in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. This block diagram may be understood with respect to various apparatus and method embodiments of the invention. A down-converter 411 down-converts a received RE signal to an intermediate-frequency (IF) signal, which is processed by a band-pass limiter 412 and a demultiplexer 413. The down-converter 411 employs only one mixer and requires no AGC because the data is embedded in the sign of the RF signal (and thus, the IF signal), not its amplitude. Thus, a receiver amplifier (not shown) may be driven to saturation, allowing for low power consumption. In one embodiment of the invention, the band-pass limiter 412 may employ a 1-bit ADC embedded in its limiting function.
As described with respect to common mode signaling, it is sometimes useful to transmit a single-carrier signal in a multi-carrier system. In one aspect of the related art, a Physical Layer supporting single carrier and OFDM modulation, uses a common mode. In general, the single-carrier signal may comprise a predetermined set of parameters and may be generated using various techniques, e.g., a spread spectrum technique. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for techniques to efficiently process both single-carrier and multi-carrier signals for transmission and reception. However, in some cases, the OFDM sampling rate may differ from the single-carrier chipping rate.
FIG. 8 shows a one-dimensional antenna array with 8 antenna elements (including antenna elements 801 and 802). Adjacent antenna elements are spaced by a half wavelength (π/2). FIG. 9 is a plot of antenna-array beam-pattern intensity for a pair of complementary beam patterns 901 and 902 in accordance with one aspect of the invention. A first transmission pattern representing excitation weights [+1 +1 −1 −1 +1 −1 +1 −1] (which, in this case, means that the weight vector of in-phase values [+I +I −I −I +I −I +I −I]) is applied across the 8 antenna elements, is maximum in the direction 0� with a Half Power Beam Width (HPBW) of 98� and a maximum gain of 3 dB. This pattern is denoted as a main quasi-omni (Q-Omni) pattern. A second pattern generated from a set of weights [+I −I −I +I +I +I +I +I] (which means that the weight vector of in-phase values [+I −I −I +I +I +I +I +I]) applied across the 8 antenna elements is maximum at 90� with a HPBW of 41� and a maximum gain of 3 dB. This pattern is denoted as a Complementary Q-Omni pattern. These two patterns are exactly complementary in the sense that the sum of their power gain is a constant =3 dB.
In one embodiment, the PNC first transmits a BF using a pattern that corresponds to the maximum HPBW, which is the Q-Omni pattern if necessary, the PNC may transmit a second BF in a complementary pattern that has maximum gain where the Q-Omni pattern has minimum gain. This technique may be generalized to other embodiments, such as antenna arrays having more than two complementary patterns, including two-dimensional phased arrays. In another embodiment, a PNC employing sectored antennas provides omni-directional coverage by transmitting a BF in each sector. The set of BFs transmitted in these sectors together will provide omni-directional coverage.
If the PNC is capable of transmitting in J=N�M directions, then J BFs may be transmitted over M superframes with NBFs per superframe. For example, N BFs 1003-1009 correspond to the first N directions. N BFs 1013-1019 correspond to the second N directions, and N BFs 1093-1099 correspond to the Mth N directions. A direction, as used herein, is understood to mean a sector in the case of sectored antennas, a beam oriented with its maximum in a given direction (θ0) in the case of a one-dimensional array, and a beam oriented with its maximum in a given direction (θ0, φ0) in the case of a two-dimensional array. The definition of direction may be adapted as appropriate for different types of antennas and antenna configurations.
In the IEEE 802.15.3 and 3b specifications, the BF signals comprise a beacon frame number, a superframe duration, a CAP end time, and an indication of allowed operations in the CAP. In embodiments of the invention that employ sectored antennas, additional information in the BF may further include the total number of directions J, the number of superframes M, the number of directions transmitted in the current superframc N, the direction number of the first directional BF, r(N−1)+1, the duration of each directional BF (and structure, if necessary), and the number, duration, and start time of the listening periods. Embodiments that employ Q-Omni BFs may further provide for the number of Q-Omni BFs per superframe.
FIG. 13A is a flow diagram configured for enabling a PNC and subscriber devices to discover and associate with each other in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. A subscriber device (DEV) is assumed to be capable of transmitting and receiving in P directions (labeled p=1, p=2, . . . , p=P), whereas the PNC is assumed to be capable of transmitting and receiving in J=N�M directions (labeled j=1, j=2, j=N�M, wherein n=1:N, m=1:M). A combination (p,j) refers to the DEV transmitting/receiving in direction p, and the PNC transmitting/receiving in direction j.
The DEV initializes its acquisition procedure 1301 with p=1, m=0, and its timer set to t=0. Within a predetermined amount of time, Tmax, the DEV searches for a Quasi-Omni BF 1302 and determines whether successful detection 1303 has occurred. In the absence of successful detection 1303, the DEV may direct the PNC to change its beamforming, or the DEV may go into sleep mode 1304. Upon successful detection, the DEV locks onto the corresponding Quasi-Omni signal and reads the BF information 1305. The DEV uses the known timing information of the directional BFs to detect the directional BFs associated with the current direction variable m and store associated link quality factors (LQFs) 1306. The variable m is incremented 1308 and the step 1306 is repeated until all M directions are processed 1307. The DEV direction variable p is incremented and the DEV selects the direction corresponding top 1309. For p<P 1310, the steps 1306, 1307, 1308, and 1309 are repeated.
FIG. 13B illustrates an acquisition and tracking method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the method shown in FIG. 13B may be a continuation of the method shown in FIG. 13A. The DEV may sort a matrix of LQFs and keeps a predetermined number Q of best directions 1311. When a device discovers an optimal combination (p1, j1) corresponding to the PNC using direction j1 and the DEV using direction p1, it is desirable that all further communications be assigned to this combination. The DEV may listen to another P�M superframes and rescan the Q best directions 1312. The DEV switches to the best of the Q directions and initializes a superframe index, y=0 1313.
The DEV may track the best Q directions on a regular basis, i.e. listen to these directions periodically or continuously. The device may continuously or periodically update the list LQF(p1,j1), LQF(pQ,jQ). If the link quality of the current combination (p1,j1) drops below a predetermined threshold, and another candidate combination (pi,ji) is discovered to be preferable, the device may request that the PNC switch to the new combination (pi,ji). The device may even choose to track all directions periodically or continuously, and choose the appropriate action upon sorting the LQF matrix.
The method and system embodiments described herein merely illustrate particular embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements, which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples and conditional language recited herein are intended to be only, for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the invention. This disclosure and its associated references are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure.
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