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1 TS V2.1.1 ( ) Technical Specification Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 1: Architecture
2 2 TS V2.1.1 ( ) Reference RTS/ESI Keywords e-commerce, electronic signature, , security, trust services 650 Route des Lucioles F Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: Fax: Siret N NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other documents is available at If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute All rights reserved. DECT TM, PLUGTESTS TM, UMTS TM, TIPHON TM, the TIPHON logo and the logo are Trade Marks of registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPP TM is a Trade Mark of registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE is a Trade Mark of currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
3 3 TS V2.1.1 ( ) Contents Intellectual Property Rights... 4 Foreword... 4 Introduction Scope References Normative references Informative references Definitions and abbreviations Definitions Abbreviations REM Logical Model REM Functional Viewpoint REM Styles of Operation REM Store and Forward Style of Operation REM Store and Notify Style of Operation Roles within a REM MD REM Administrative Viewpoint REM Interfaces REM Events and REM-MD Evidence Overview Event Types and their Proof Events and REM-MD Evidence related to the REM Sender's REM-MD Events and REM-MD Evidence related to the REM Recipient's REM-MD Events and REM-MD Evidence related to the REM Recipient Events and REM-MD Evidence related to connections with outside the REM-MD Annex A (informative): REM Events and Actions flows Annex B (informative): Bibliography History... 29
4 4 TS V2.1.1 ( ) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for members and non-members, and can be found in SR : "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to in respect of standards", which is available from the Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/ipr/home.asp). Pursuant to the IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR (or the updates on the Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by Technical Committee Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI). The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Architecture, Formats, Policies and Profiles, as identified below: Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part 4: Part 5: "Architecture"; "Data requirements, Formats and Signatures for REM"; "Information Security Policy Requirements for REM Management Domains"; "REM-MD Conformance Profiles"; "REM-MD Interoperability Profiles". The scope of each part is summarised below. TS "Architecture" provides an overall view of the REM, addressing all aspects: Logical model, namely: Components, Styles of Operation, Roles within a REM-MD, REM-MDs grouping in administrative domains named REM Policy Domains. Interfaces between the involved entities. Events of shipment, transmission, delivery or download of messages concerning the REM environment and Evidence types generated by REM-MDs against these events. TS [1] provides: Rules for building a REM-MD Envelope and, consequently, a REM Dispatch or a REM-MD Message. Syntax and semantics of REM-MD Evidence to be produced by a REM Management Domain. Rules on the signature to be applied within REM-MD Envelopes. Specifications on TSL to be issued for mutual recognition of REM-MDs. TS [i.6] specifies requirements on the Registered Management Domain (REM-MD) Information Security Management System based on per ISO/IEC [i.9]. Provisions, additional to ISO/IEC [i.9] controls, are also specified that address: REM-MD practices statement. REM Interconnection Statement. REM Sender/REM Recipient Authentication.
5 5 TS V2.1.1 ( ) Electronic signature related issues relevant to the REM. measures related to records retention and destruction. TS [i.7] "REM-MD Conformance Profiles" specifies two levels of conformance requirements: Basic Conformance Profile that indicates the minimum set of mandatory requirements that are to be met by any REM-MD that claims to be conformant with TS (the present document), TS [1] and TS [i.6]; and Advanced Conformance Profile that includes a set of voluntary additional requirements to the Basic Conformance Profile for enhanced security and advanced evidential services. TS [i.8] "REM-MD Interoperability Profiles" addresses the followings aspects: Defines a profile for interoperability among REM-MDs based on SMTP relay protocol. Profiles the implementation of TS (REM TS) based systems, addressing issues relating to authentication, authenticity and integrity of the information to achieve interoperability between such systems. Covers all the options to profile REM-MD for both styles of operation: S&N and S&F. Introduction Business and administrative relationships among companies, public administrations and private citizens, are the more and more implemented electronically. Trust is becoming essential for their success and continued development of electronic services. It is therefore important that any entity using electronic services have suitable security controls and mechanisms in place to protect their transactions and to ensure trust and confidence with their partners. Electronic mail is a major tool for electronic business and administration. Additional security services are necessary for to be trusted. At the time of writing the present document, in some European Union Member States (Italy, Belgium, etc.) regulation(s) and application(s) are being developed, if not already in place, on mails transmitted by electronic means providing origin authentication and proof of delivery. A range of Registered ("REM") services is already established and their number is set to grow significantly over the next few years. Without the definition of common standards there will be no consistency in the services provided, making it difficult for users to compare them. Under these circumstances, users might be prevented from easily changing to alternative providers, damaging free competition. Lack of standardization might also affect interoperability between REM based systems implemented based on different models. The present Technical Specification is to ensure a consistent form of service across Europe, especially with regard to the form of evidence provided, in order to maximize interoperability even between domains governed by different policy rules. In order to move towards the general recognition and readability of evidence provided by registered services, it is necessary to specify technical formats, as well as procedures and practices for handling REM, and the ways the electronic signatures are applied to it. In this respect, the electronic signature is an important security component to protect the information and to provide trust in electronic business. It is to be noted that a simple "electronic signature" would be insufficient to provide the required trust to an information exchange. Therefore the present Technical Specification assumes the usage of at least an Advanced Electronic Signature, with the meaning of article 2(2) of EU Directive 1999/93/EC [i.1], issued with a Secure Signature Creation Device, with the meaning of article 2(6) of the same Directive.
6 6 TS V2.1.1 ( ) 1 Scope The basic purpose of Registered service is to provide users, in addition to the usual services supplied by the ordinary service providers, with a set of Evidence suitable to uphold assertions of acceptance (i.e. of "shipment"), of delivery/non delivery, of retrieval, etc. of s sent/delivered through such service. The present document specifies an architectural structure of REM. More specifically: a) describes a logical model for REM including the most relevant REM architectural elements and how they relate to each other (REM-MD Messages, REM Sender, REM Recipient, etc.) and the following styles of operation: 1) "Store and Forward" (S&F henceforth), were REM Objects are directly forwarded from REM-MDs to the REM Recipient; and 2) "Store and Notify" (S&N henceforth) were the REM Recipient is first notified of that a REM Object is stored and is provided with a reference to the location where the REM Object can be downloaded. b) describes how REM components interact using external interfaces to REM users, and interfaces to other REM implementations; c) describes a policy domain environment; and d) specifies a list of different types of events and the REM-MD Evidence types that represent them. Evidential services are deemed to comply with legal, regulatory or contractual requirements to provide legal validity and enforceability under domestic or international law. The present document does not provide specification for interactions among architectural elements internal to the REM-MD. Although interfaces to physical mail could exist, the present document does not provide standardized interfaces to physical mail. The structure of the present document is as follows: clause 2 contains the list of normative and informative references; clause 3 includes definitions of the relevant concepts to the present document and abbreviations; clause 4 contains the logical model for REM provision; clause 5 specifies REM interfaces; and clause 6 provides a list of different types of events and REM-MD Evidence. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references.
7 7 TS V2.1.1 ( ) Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [1] TS : "Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 2: Data requirements, Formats and Signatures for REM". 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [i.1] [i.2] [i.3] [i.4] [i.5] [i.6] [i.7] [i.8] [i.9] [i.10] Directive 1999/93/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 on a Community framework for electronic signatures. IETF RFC 2822: "Internet Message Format". TS : "Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Policy requirements for timestamping authorities". IETF RFC 3161 (2001):"Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Time-Stamp Protocol (TSP)". IETF RFC 1305 (1992): "Network Time Protocol (Version 3) Specification, Implementation and Analysis". TS : "Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 3: Information Security Policy Requirements for REM Management Domains".". TS : "Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 4: REM-MD Conformance Profiles".". TS : "Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 5: REM-MD Interoperability Profiles".". ISO/IEC 27001:2005: "Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements". TS : "Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Provision of harmonized Trust-service status information".". 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: certification authority: authority trusted by one or more users to create and assign public-key certificates information security policy: statement of policy which provides management direction and support for information security in accordance with business requirements and relevant laws and regulations
8 8 TS V2.1.1 ( ) long term storage: role that supports the integrity of data and the authenticity of a signature over the period required to store data for evidential purposes that can be used by the Message Archive message archive: optional role that supports storage of REM Objects and REM-MD Evidence, as required for later use for evidential or any other legally admitted purposes, at the relevant REM-MD for an indefinite or definite time period, to be accessed once or many times by one or more entities original message: message generated by the Sender's User Agent or under the Sender's technical/legal responsibility (i.e. outside of the REM-MD), which may be signed by the Sender It has to be conveyed to the REM Recipient either by value (in the Store & Forward Style of operations) or by reference (in the Store & Notify Style of operations). REM-MD repository: role that supports the storage of Original Message, REM-MD Evidence and any other, which must be accessed by reference Registered (REM): enhanced form of mail transmitted by electronic means ( ) which provides evidence relating to the handling of an including proof of submission and delivery REM dispatch: REM-MD Envelope containing the Original Message and related REM-MD Evidence REM Management Domain (REM-MD): set of technical and physical components, personnel, policies and processes that provide REM services A REM-MD is operated under the responsibility of a single management entity. REM-MD envelope: signed structure generated by the REM MD which envelopes an Original message and/or REM-MD Evidence REM-MD evidence: signed data created within a REM-MD, which proves that a certain event has occurred at a certain time It may be signed directly or indirectly by placing it within a REM-MD Envelope. REM-MD Evidence Provider: role that issues REM-MD Evidence REM-MD Evidence Verifier: role that supports the verification of REM-MD Evidence REM-MD Message: message generated by the REM MD under the REM MD sole technical/legal responsibility (i.e. inside of the REM MD) It is to be signed by the entity legally responsible for the REM MD. It may be understood by the REM Recipient/REM Sender as a "receipt" or a "notification". A REM-MD Message carries an REM-MD Envelope containing REM-MD Evidence. REM-MD Message Gateway: role that supports the transfer of REM objects to conventional (e.g. Internet) services and physical postal delivery services REM-MD Message Transfer Agent: role that supports the transfer of REM Objects to REM Recipient's and REM Sender's REM Message Store either directly or via the REM Object Relay Interface into another REM-MD or via a REM-MD Message Gateway REM-MD Repository: role that supports the storage of REM Objects, REM-MD Evidence and any other, which must be accessed by reference REM-MD Repository Retrieval Interface: interface of REM-MD towards REM UA used in the Store and Notify Style of Operation by the REM Recipient for downloading REM Objects from REM-MD Repository It can also be used by REM Senders for downloading REM-MD Evidence. REM-MD Sender Message Submission Interface: interface of REM-MD towards sender REM UA used by the REM Sender to submit Original Messages to his REM-MD, for them to be forwarded to the REM Recipients REM-MD Sender/Recipient Message Store Retrieval Interface: interface of REM-MD towards REM UA used by REM Senders or REM Recipients to fetch REM Objects addressed to them
9 9 TS V2.1.1 ( ) REM-MD Third Party Evidence Retrieval Interface: interface that supports REM-MD Evidence and REM Objects retrieval by users that are parties external to the usual message flow REM Message Store: role that supports the storage of REM Objects. In other words the set of mailboxes of the users REM Object: message object handled by a REM-MD. This is a REM-MD Message, REM-Dispatch or Original message REM Objects Relay Interface: interface that supports REM objects relaying between disparate REM-MD REM User Agent (REM-UA): entity by which REM Senders, REM Recipients participate in the exchange of REM Objects and Third Parties may access REM Objects REM Policy: set of rules (e.g. legal, company policy or agreement) enforced for the provision of REM Services REM Policy Domain: any domain where a common set of rules (e.g. legal, company policy or agreement) is enforced for the provision of REM services This domain may be a country, a Company, a group of Countries, etc., even a single REM-MD. REM Policy Domain Authority: authority entitled to enforce the common set of rules in which the REM policy Domain consists REM Recipient: physical or legal entity legally responsible for the mailbox to which the original message is addressed REM Sender: physical or legal entity legally responsible for the mailbox from which the original message has been sent REM Third Party: party authorized to access REM Objects and REM-MD Evidence for specific purposes Signature Creation Server: server that supports the creation of digital signature against data (e.g. evidence) Time-Stamping Authority: authority which issues time-stamp tokens (TS [i.3]) Time-Stamp Token: data object that binds a representation of a datum to a particular time, thus establishing evidence that the datum existed before that time (TS [i.3]) Throughout the present document a number of verbal forms are used, whose meaning is defined below. Shall, shall not: indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the present document and from which no deviation is permitted. Should, should not: indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required, or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. May, need not: indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the present document. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AdES CAdES CEN Advanced Electronic Signature CMS Advanced Electronic Signatures Comité Européen de Normalization CEN was founded in 1961 by the national standards bodies in the European Economic Community and EFTA countries, that are contributing to the objectives of the European Union and European Economic Area with voluntary technical standards. CMS MD-RI RSRI S-MSI S/R-MSRI Cryptographic Message Syntax Message and Evidence Relay Interface REM-MD Repository Retrieval Interface REM-MD Sender Message Submission Interface REM-MD Sender/Recipient Message Store Retrieval Interface
10 10 TS V2.1.1 ( ) TP-ERI REM REM-MD REM-PD REM-UA S&F S&N TSA UPU REM-MD Third Party Evidence Retrieval Interface Registered REM Management Domain REM Policy Domain REM User Agent Store and Forward Store and Notify Time Stamping Authority Universal Postal Union XAdES SMTP TLS/SSL S/MIME UPU is the primary forum for cooperation between postal-sector players and helps to ensure a truly universal network of up-to-date products and services. XML Advanced Electronic Signature Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transport Layer Security/Secure Sockets Layer Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions 4 REM Logical Model This clause specifies a logical model for REM. The model is aimed at supporting a range of REM implementations that may employ different styles of operation. The model identifies those aspects of the REM that affect external interfaces to REM users, and interfaces to other REM implementations that may employ different styles of operation. Hence, the model is at a high level of abstraction and concentrates on those aspects of REM systems affecting external interfaces. The logical model is not related to any particular implementation. 4.1 REM Functional Viewpoint The basic elements of the REM Logical Model from the functional viewpoint are illustrated in figure 1.
11 11 TS V2.1.1 ( ) NOTE 1: Arrows indicate service user and provider relationship, their points do not necessarily represent the direction of the exchanged data flow. Circles indicate interfaces for exposing services. Dashed arrows describe use of services through the mentioned interfaces. They do not indicate information flows or direction. NOTE 2: REM-MD RSRI interface is a mean that may be used also by not-subscriber REM Recipients. Figure 1: REM Logical Model - Functional Viewpoint In addition to transport services as provided by existing mailing systems, REM systems provide evidence services related to the submission, transmission (where applicable) and delivery of the REM Object. In particular, evidence services including some or all of evidence types mentioned in clause 6 should be provided to users (be they humans or systems). The REM users are the REM Sender, the REM Recipient and any Third Party that could be, for instance, the user's organization, a judge in case of dispute, or a party nominated by the REM Sender or REM Recipient for receiving Evidence on their behalf. The same entity may act as both REM Sender and REM Recipient. The REM Sender shall authenticate to the relevant REM-Management Domains (REM-MDs), but the choice of the authentication mechanism is left to the specific REM-MD. The REM Sender has access to the REM-MD services through a User Agent. Delivery may require the REM Recipient's explicit acceptance of the new REM Object, This acceptance shall require authentication to the relevant REM-MD, but the choice of the authentication mechanism is left to the specific REM-MD.
12 12 TS V2.1.1 ( ) REM implementation components are broken into REM User Agents (REM-UA) and REM-MDs. The present document envisages scenarios where two REM-MDs might interoperate together via standard interfaces to provide the REM Object exchange. This is generally the case when the REM Sender and the REM Recipient are not in the same domain and therefore use different REM-MD. In this situation, the REM Object will have to be relayed between disparate REM-MDs. REM-UA will be used by the REM Sender to send new REM Objects that will be forwarded with Evidence created by one relevant REM-MD, where applicable, as well as for retrieving Evidence generated by any REM-MD. The REM-UA interface to the REM-MD may be realized by two interfaces: one for sending REM Objects the other for receiving REM Objects. A REM UA may interface to more than one REM-MD. The form a User Agent can take is not further specified here. It could be an application installed on user's machine or, in some case, it could be provided as a service by the REM-MD itself (e.g. web mail). These components interact using the interfaces described in clause 5, namely, REM-MD Sender Message Submission Interface, REM-MD Sender/Recipient Message Store Retrieval Interfaces, REM-MD Repository Retrieval Interface, REM Object Relay Interface, Non REM Relay Interface, REM-MD Third Party Evidence Retrieval Interface and REM-MD Repository Retrieval Interface. 4.2 REM Styles of Operation Two types of REM styles of operation are described below: "Store and Forward" (S&F), and "Store and Notify" (S&N). They may interoperate in a different range of combinations, such as: a) S&F to S&F, as described in clause 4.2.1; b) S&N to S&F, where a reference to REM Object contained in a REM-MD Repository is relayed to the REM Recipient's REM-MD using a canonical S&F service; c) S&N to S&N: in this operational scenario any reference to REM Object contained in a REM-MD Repository sent to a S&N REM-MD is relayed using a S&F service and it is handled, at REM Recipient's REM-MD's side by a S&F sub-component; d) S&F to S&N, as described in figure REM Store and Forward Style of Operation This clause describes the style of operation "Store and Forward" (S&F henceforth). Under this style of operation REM Objects are directly forwarded from REM-MDs to the REM Recipient, certain REM-MD Messages are directly forwarded from REM-MDs to the REM Sender of the Original Message, and certain REM-MD-Messages (see clause 6) are directly forwarded from REM-MDs to the REM Recipient of the Original Message. Figure 2 shows two REM-MDs working under S&F style of operation interacting. A subscriber of the first REM-MD sends (this subscriber acts as REM Sender) a REM Object to a subscriber of the second REM-MD (this subscriber acts as REM Recipient of the Original Message). The figure shows an example of how the different REM Objects would flow among the different actors (REM-MDs and subscribers).
13 13 TS V2.1.1 ( ) Figure 2: REM Store & Forward Logical Model - REM Sender and REM Recipient subscribers of different REM-MDs In figure 2: a) the REM Sender submits, through the REM-MD Sender Message Submission Interface, the Original Message addressed to the REM Recipient (flow 1 in figure 2); b) the REM Sender's REM-MD may generate REM-MD Evidence for the REM Recipient. It may then create and forward a REM Dispatch including the Original Message and the aforementioned REM-MD Evidence, to the Recipient's REM-MD, Alternatively it may create a REM-MD Message containing only the REM-MD Evidence and separately forward this REM-MD Message and the Original Message to the Recipient's REM-MD through the REM Object Relay Interface (flow 2 in figure 2). Should the Recipient not be subscribed to any REM-MD, the Sender's REM-MD would forward the REM Object to the standard management domain through the Non-REM Relay Interface (SEM-RI in figure 2) (flow 2A in figure 2); Where a REM-MD Message is forwarded by one REM-MD to a non REM-MD it may contain no REM-MD Evidence. c) the REM Recipient's REM-MD receives any of the REM Objects aforementioned. It may generate new REM-MD Evidence. It may then deliver a REM Dispatch with the Original Message and any REM-MD Evidence generated so far, or separately forward the Original Message and REM-MD Messages with REM-MD Evidence, to the REM Recipient through the Recipient Message Store Retrieval Interface (flow 3 in figure 2); d) in addition to the former actions and flows, a REM Sender's REM-MD may also generate specific REM-MD Evidence addressed to the REM Sender and deliver a REM-MD Message containing these REM-MD Evidence, through the REM-MD Sender Message Store Retrieval Interface (flow 4 in figure 2).
14 14 TS V2.1.1 ( ) e) upon delivery in the REM Recipient's mailbox, or in case of non-delivery, the REM Recipient's REM-MD generates the corresponding REM-MD Evidence and sends a REM-MD Message containing such REM-MD Evidence addressed to the REM Sender. This REM-MD Evidence informs the REM Sender that the Original Message has been delivered/non delivered to the REM Recipient's mailbox (flow 5 in figure 2). The present clause does not provide details on the sequence of events leading to the generation of REM-Evidence, nor establishes rules on when, how or by whom these REM-Evidence will be incorporated into a REM Object A sequence is detailed in annex A, although a different set of actions and flows may also be present in actual implementations. REM-Evidence and formats for REM Objects flowing from one REM-MD to another using different technology are fully specified in TS [1] REM Store and Notify Style of Operation This clause describes the style of operation "Store and Notify" (S&N henceforth). Under this style of operation an Original Message or a REM-MD Evidence is not directly forwarded to the REM Recipient. The REM Sender's REM-MD stores the Original Message in its REM-MD Repository and creates a REM-MD Message for the REM Recipient that includes reference to REM-MD Repository. This reference to REM-MD Repository is made of a generic text, informing the REM Recipient that a REM Object intended for him/her is stored in the REM Sender's REM-MD's storage, and of a reference to the location where such REM Object can be downloaded from. In this model, a REM-MD provides additional interfaces for REM Senders and/or REM Recipients to access Original Message and/or REM-MD Evidence The use of Store and Notify for the case where the REM Sender REM-MD supports store and notify is shown in figure 3. Figure 3: REM Store & Notify Logical Model - REM Sender's REM-MD creating the REM-MD Message The flow and process steps as illustrated in figure 3 for this case are as follows: a) the REM Sender submits the Original Message, addressed to the REM Recipient, through the REM-MD Sender Message Submission Interface (flow 1 in figure 3);
15 15 TS V2.1.1 ( ) b) the REM Sender's REM-MD: 1) stores the REM Object in the REM-MD Repository; 2) creates a REM-MD Message that contains a reference to the REM Object within the REM-MD Repository; 3) adds any appropriate REM-MD Evidence to the aforementioned REM-MD Message or stores the REM-MD Evidence in the REM-MD Repository; and 4) forwards this REM-MD Message to the REM Recipient's REM-MD using the REM Object Relay Interface (flow 2 in figure 3). Should the Recipient not be subscribed to any REM-MD, the Sender's REM-MD would forward the REM-MD Message to the standard management domain through the Non-REM Relay Interface (SEM-RI in figure 3) (flow 2A in figure 3); NOTE 1: This REM-MD Message could be forwarded to the REM Recipient via an ordinary provider, but in this case its delivery would be out of the REM control. c) the REM Recipient's REM-MD forwards the REM-MD Message to the REM Recipient using the REM-MD Recipient Message Store Retrieval Interface (flow 3 in figure 3); d) the REM Recipient downloads the REM Object (and the REM-MD Evidence if they are stored in the REM-MD Repository) from the REM Sender's REM-MD Repository through the REM-MD Repository Retrieval Interface. (flow 4 in figure 3). Should the Recipient be not subscribed to any REM-MD, still she would download the corresponding REM Object from the REM Sender's REM-MD Repository through the aforementioned interface (flow 4A in figure 3). The use of store and notify for the case where the REM Recipients domain supports store and notify is shown in figure 4. Figure 4: REM Store & Notify Logical Model - Recipient's REM-MD creating the REM-MD Message In figure 4: a) the REM Sender submits the Original Message addressed to the REM Recipient through the REM-MD Sender Message Submission Interface (flow 1 in figure 4); b) the REM Sender's REM-MD forwards the REM Object to the REM Recipient's REM-MD through the REM Object Relay Interface (flow 2 in figure 4);
16 16 TS V2.1.1 ( ) c) the REM Recipient's REM-MD: 1) stores the REM Object; 2) creates a REM-MD Message that contains a reference to the REM Object within the REM-MD Repository; 3) adds any appropriate REM-MD Evidence to the aforementioned REM-MD Message or stores the REM-MD Evidence in the REM-MD Repository; and 4) delivers this REM-MD Message to the REM Recipient, through REM-MD Recipient Message Store Retrieval Interface (flow 3 in figure 4). d) the REM Recipient downloads the REM Object (and the REM-MD Evidence if they are stored in the REM-MD Repository) from the REM Recipient's REM-MD storage through the REM-MD Repository Retrieval Interface (flow 4 in figure 4). NOTE 2: Depending on the implementation the REM Recipient may be also asked to accept/reject downloading the REM Object or the REM-MD Evidence stored in the REM-MD repository. Hybrid implementations of this model may pass only some REM Object and/or REM-MD Evidence by reference, the rest being carried "in-band". For example: the data text can be carried in a REM-MD Message while attachments are referenced via a URL. The data flow to the user is separated from the flow informing the REM Recipient of the presence of that data as illustrated above. Signatures will be applied as specified in TS [1]. 4.3 Roles within a REM MD As illustrated in figure 5, the logical model refines the REM-MD into separate roles. A role represents some externally visible aspect of the functionality provided within a REM-MD or related to it. An implementation component may carry out one or more roles in supporting REM Services, as described in this clause. In addition, the same role may be supported by several implementation components. REM-MD Message Transfer Agent Core Roles REM Message Store REM-MD Evidence Provider REM-MD Repository Optional Roles REM-MD Evidence Verifier REM-MD Message Gateway Message archive Supporting Roles Outsourceable External Signature Creation Server Required Certification Authority Long Term Storage Optional Time- Stamping Authority Figure 5: Roles within a REM-MD
17 17 TS V2.1.1 ( ) The REM-MD shall include the following Core Roles: REM-MD Message Transfer Agent, REM Message Store, and REM-MD Evidence Provider. A REM Message Store is allocated to the REM Senders and REM Recipients and is securely accessible by REM Sender and REM Recipients respectively to retrieve REM Objects addressed to them. The REM-MD may also include components supporting the following optional roles as described in figure 5: Message Archive, REM-MD Repository, REM-MD Evidence Verifier, and REM-MD Message Gateway. A REM-MD Message Gateway supports the transfer of REM-MD Messages to and from external conventional (e.g. Internet) services to physical postal delivery services, as follows: a) Gateway to physical mail: Where Original Messages are required by the REM Sender to be printed and forwarded by surface mail, or where this option is explicitly covered in the agreements between one REM-MD and its users. Please refer to clause 6 for further details on REM-MD Evidence. No general protocol is specified. Transfer of physical mail to a REM Recipient is outside the scope of the present document, since, when enacted, it is a mechanism purely internal to the specific REM-MD that may, therefore, implement it autonomously. b) Gateway to ordinary REM MDs supporting this role should be able to exchange REM Objects, including REM Messages, in electronic form with non-rem service provider. However, a REM MD may just create and send REM-MD Evidence to provide certain types of evidence, for example: acceptance of the sent REM Object by the relevant REM-MD or notification that a REM Object is available for download from a REM-MD. Similarly, their needs might be satisfied by being able to exhibit trusted REM-MD Evidence that a certain REM Object, someone sent them, was actually received through their REM-MD at a certain time. Please refer to clause 6 for further details on REM-MD Evidence. Clause 5 of TS [1] covers in detail these topics. The REM-MD architecture shall include a Certification Authority supporting role. Additionally the following supporting roles may be used by the ones listed above in support of their functions as described in figure 5: Signature Creation Server, Time-Stamping Authority (TSA) and Long Term Storage. Were entities and REM users are not equipped, or willing, to issue themselves signatures (e.g. on the REM-MD Evidence or the forwarded Original Message), they may take advantage of external Signature Creation Servers. The specific entity shall forward the to-be-signed object to the Signature Creation Server. Being this service provision most likely governed by a bilateral contractual relationship, the format and timing of the REM-MD Evidence is left up to these contracts, therefore no general protocol is specified. Time Stamping Authority is an independent entity that issues Time Stamping Tokens of the submitted digests (protocols specified in RFC 3161 [i.4] may apply). Concerning reliable time provider, trusted time providers may be used by any entity issuing the above mentioned REM-MD Evidence (the NTP - RFC 1305 [i.5] - specifications may be used). Among these supporting roles the CA and TSA roles shall not be in sourced. These services are intended to provide an additional layer of trust that only an entity third is able to give. 4.4 REM Administrative Viewpoint From a policy and administrative viewpoint a set of REM-MDs may be grouped in Policy Domains as described in figure 6.
18 18 TS V2.1.1 ( ) Figure 6: Logical grouping of REM-MDs in a policy domain As defined in clause 3.1, a REM policy domain is any domain where a common set of rules (e.g. legal, company policy or agreement) is enforced for the provision of REM services. A REM Policy Domain may have an Authority supervising the application of the policy and, within one REM-PD, there may be one or more REM-MD that provide end users with the whole set of REM related services. A REM-MD may belong to more than one REM-PD, provided that it complies with the rules of all of them. For example, a REM-MD set up in one country by a multinational company could be compliant to the sets of rules of both the relevant country and the multinational company. REM-MDs that exchange REM-MD Envelopes (be they actually REM Dispatches or REM-MD Messages) trust each other by definition if they belong to the same REM-PD, especially if such REM-PD is governed by an Authority that ensures that all REM-MDs abide by common rules. The mechanism by which such REM-MDs abidance is made known to any interested entity depends on the single REM-PD rules, and may span from simple mechanisms to more complex ones, in fact, being all involved REM-MDs members of the same Domain, they accept such mechanism and are capable to cope with it. On the other hand, when two REM-MDs belong to different REM-PDs there is the need for each of them to know whether their counterpart is considered as compliant with the rules of the purported REM-PD. This need would be hampered if each REM-PD acts, in practice, as an isolated domain that makes no information on their REM-MDs available from outside its own borders. Without this information exchange the REM-MD Envelopes (REM Dispatches or REM-MD Messages) may still technically be transmitted, but their but their reliability cannot easily be judged lacking the endorsement provided by the formal recognition by the relevant Authorities. It is therefore recommended that: 1) a REM-PD internal mechanism to provide authorised entities with information on the REM-MDs governed by the Authority of the involved REM-PD, likely the same REM-PD these entities belong to; this mechanism may be freely chosen by each REM-PD if it is used only within the REM-PD at issue; access to the information may even be restrict to a limited number of entities, requiring their authentication; 2) a cross-rem-pd mechanism to allow the information in the item above to be accessed from one REM-PD to another; this mechanism, differently from the previous one, shall allow all the REM-MDs, that are supposed to reliably exchange REM-MD Envelopes, to ascertain the status of their counterparts in the relative pertaining REM-PDs. While the present document gives no indication on the mechanism as in previous item 1, although it proposes the TSL as in TS [i.10] v2, it recommends adoption of the said TS [i.10] at least as a mechanism as in item 2. Further details are given in TS [i.6], clause 7.
19 19 TS V2.1.1 ( ) 5 REM Interfaces REM components, as described in clause 4.1, interact using the following interfaces: 1) REM-MD Sender Message Submission Interface: this interface is used by the user acting as a REM Sender to submit REM Objects to his REM-MD, for them to be forwarded to the REM Recipients. It is recommended that REM Object are submitted protected (e.g. by using SMTP with TLS/SSL). The user may authenticate using passwords if protected and only used with an authenticated server. (e.g. using TLS/SSL). 2) REM-MD Sender/Recipient Message Store Retrieval Interfaces: this interface is used by REM Senders or REM Recipients to fetch REM Objects trough a reference to REM-MD Repository addressed to them. It is recommended that REM Objects are retrieved protected (e.g. using pop3, or imap with TLS/SSL). The user may authenticate using passwords if protected and only used with an authenticated server. (e.g. using TLS/SSL). 3) REM-MD Repository Retrieval Interface: this interface is used in the Store and Notify Style of Operation by the REM Recipient for downloading REM Objects or REM-MD Evidence from a REM-MD Repository. It may also be used by REM Senders for downloading REM-MD Evidence. It is recommended that REM Objects or REM-MD Evidence are retrieved protected (e.g. using HTTP or FTP using a URL with TLS/SSL). The user may authenticate using passwords if protected and only used with an authenticated server. (e.g. using TLS/SSL). 4) REM Object Relay Interface: the Relay interface allows REM Object and related REM-MD Evidence to be relayed between disparate REM-MDs. It is recommended that REM Object are relayed between REM-MDs using a recognised standard protocol which authenticates the origin of the REM Object. (e.g. S/MIME over SMTP). 5) Non REM Relay Interface: this interface is provided to allow client-based REM Object retrieval and web-based REM Object retrieval. It is recommended that REM Object are relayed using a recognised standard protocol which authenticates the origin of the REM Object. (e.g. S/MIME over SMTP). 6) REM-MD Third Party Evidence Retrieval Interface: this interface is provided to allow REM-MD Evidence and REM Object retrieval by users that are parties external to the usual message flow. These users might require access to REM-MD Evidence in some specific cases (i.e. a tribunal in case of dispute, or a third party nominated by the REM Sender or REM Recipient for receiving REM-MD Evidence on their behalf). The present document does not standardize this interface. 6 REM Events and REM-MD Evidence 6.1 Overview In this clause the REM Events represented by REM-MD Evidence types are listed, along with a brief description of what event each REM-MD Evidence has the Purpose to state. Issued REM-MD Evidence can serve more purposes by including information related to more Events. The REM-MD Evidence topic is extensively addressed in TS [1], clause 5.1 that covers also the REM-MD Evidence general structure and the content of each REM-MD Evidence type, as described in table 1.
20 20 TS V2.1.1 ( ) Table 1: Event types and content of REM-MD Evidence Event and REM-MD Evidence REM-MD Evidence (TS [1], clause 5.1) Event A.1 - S-REM-MD Acceptance SubmissionAcceptanceRejection Event A.2 - S-REM-MD Rejection Event B.1 - R-REM-MD Acceptance RelayToREMMDAcceptanceRejection Event B.2 - R-REM-MD Rejection Event B.3 - Expiration of time to deliver to R-REM-MD RelayToREMMDFailure Event C.1 - REM Object Delivery DeliveryNonDeliveryToRecipient Event C.2 - Non delivery within a given retention period Event D.1 - REM-MD Message Delivery Event D.2 - Expiration of time to deliver Event E.1 - (REM-MD Repository) Download DownloadNonDownloadByRecipient Event E.2 - (REM-MD Repository) Expiration of time for download Event E.4 - (REM-MD Repository) Download by a REM Recipient s delegate Event F.1 - (mailbox) - Retrieval RetrievalNonRetrievalByRecipient Event F.2 - (mailbox) - Expiration of time for Retrieval Event F.3 - (mailbox) - Retrieval by a REM Recipient s delegate Event E.3 - Rejection of download by REM Recipient AcceptanceRejectionByRecipient Event H.1 - Successful forwarding for Ordinary RelayToNonREMSystem Event H.2 - Unsuccessful forwarding for Ordinary Event G.1 - Successful forwarding for Printing Event G.2 - Unsuccessful forwarding for Printing Event I.1 - message received from a regular e- mail system ReceivedByNonREMSystem A REM Object may be electronically signed by the REM Sender to provide the REM Recipient with information on the REM Object origin and authenticity. Similarly, each REM-MD Evidence may be signed. At least the REM Object AND/OR all of the REM-MD Evidence it carries shall be signed. The REM Recipient may deem this information as reliable if the certificate supporting the signature is issued by a Certification Authority that the REM Recipient acknowledges as trusted (see note) and, where required, if the signature is issued by means of a Secure Signature Creation Device with the meaning of article 2(6) of the Directive 1999/93/EC [i.1]. Other signature attributes cannot be automatically inferred as reliable, for example the signing time that derives from the REM Sender's system that is not per se a trusted entity. As an example, in the European Union, Certification Authorities issuing Qualified Certificates, as defined in the European Directive 1999/93/EC [i.1], article 2(10), are trusted since article 3(3) of the same Directive mandates that they are supervised in the EUMS they reside in. It is assumed that the signature is at least an Advanced Electronic Signature (AdES) as defined in Directive 1999/93/EC [i.1] of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 on a Community framework for electronic signatures. Depending on the applicable legislation, this AdES may be supported with a QC and/or issued with a SSCD and, where required, if the signature is issued by means of a Secure Signature Creation Device. 6.2 Event Types and their Proof In this clause the Events related to the basic REM functions are listed, logically grouped on the basis of what the related REM-MD Evidence types have the purpose to prove. In order to facilitate interoperability and based on the outcomes of a survey performed among a large number of interviewees, the REM-MD Evidence type related to each event below is indicated as "M" (mandatory), "R" (recommended) or "O" (optional).