Source: http://riak.or.kr/law/treaty21_en.asp
Timestamp: 2017-09-24 23:05:19
Document Index: 680599836

Matched Legal Cases: ['SUI GENERIS', 'sui generis', 'sui generis', 'sui generis', 'sui generis', 'sui generis', 'sui generis', 'sui generis', 'sui generis', 'sui generis', 'sui generis']

CHAPTER Ⅰ. SCOPE
Article 1. Scope Article 2. Limitations on the scope
CHAPTER Ⅱ. COPYRIGHT
Article 3. Object of protection Article 4. Database authorship Article 5. Restricted acts
Article 6. Exceptions to restricted acts
CHAPTER Ⅲ. SUI GENERIS RIGHT
Article 7. Object of protection Article 8. Rights and obligations of lawful users Article 9. Exceptions to the sui generis right
Article 10. Term of protection) Article 11. Beneficiaries of protection under the sui generis right
CHAPTER Ⅳ. COMMON PROVISIONS
Article 12. Remedies Article 13. Continued application of other legal provisions Article 14. Application over time
Article 15. Binding nature of certain provisions Article 16. Final provisions Article 17
(1) Whereas databases are at present not sufficiently protected in all Member States by existing legislation;whereas such protection, where it exists, has different attributes;
(2) Whereas such differences in the legal protection of databases offered by the legislation of the Member States have direct negative effects on the functioning of the internal market as regards databases and in particular on the freedom of natural and legal persons to provide on-line database goods and services on the basis of harmonized legal arrangements throughout the Community;whereas such differences could well become more pronounced as Member States introduce new legislation in this field, which is now taking on an increasingly international dimension;
(9) Whereas databases are a vital tool in the development of an information market within the Community;whereas this tool will also be of use in many other fields;
(13) Whereas this Directive protects collections, sometimes called ‘compilations', of works, data or other materials which are arranged, stored and accessed by means which include electronic, electromagnetic or electro-optical processes or analogous processes;
(15) Whereas the criteria used to determine whether a database should be protected by copyright should be defined to the fact that the selection or the arrangement of the contents of the database is the author's own intellectual creation;whereas such protection should cover the structure of the database;
(17) Whereas the term ‘database' should be understood to include literary, artistic, musical or other collections of works or collections of other material such as texts, sound, images, numbers, facts, and data;whereas it should cover collections of independent works, data or other materials which are systematically or methodically arranged and can be individually accessed;whereas this means that a recording or an audiovisual, cinematographic, literary or musical work as such does not fall within the scope of this Directive;
(18) Whereas this Directive is without prejudice to the freedom of authors to decide whether, or in what manner, they will allow their works to be included in a database, in particular whether or not the authorization given is exclusive;whereas the protection of databases by the sui generis right is without prejudice to existing rights over their contents, and whereas in particular where an author or the holder of a related right permits some of his works or subject matter to be included in a database pursuant to a non-exclusive agreement, a third party may make use of those works or subject matter subject to the required consent of the author or of the holder of the related right without the sui generis right of the maker of the database being invoked to prevent him doing so, on condition that those works or subject matter are neither extracted from the database nor re-utilized on the basis thereof;
(21) Whereas the protection provided for in this Directive relates to databases in which works, data or other materials have been arranged systematically or methodically;whereas it is not necessary for those materials to have been physically stored in an organized manner;
(23) Whereas the term ‘database' should not be taken to extend to computer programs used in the making or operation of a database, which are protected by Council Directive 91/250/EEC of 14 May 1991 on the legal protection of computer programs;
(24) Whereas the rental and lending of databases in the field of copyright and related rights are governed exclusively by Council Directive 92/100/EEC of 19 November 1992 on rental right and lending right and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property;
(25) Whereas the term of copyright is already governed by Council Directive 93/98/EEC of 29 October 1993 harmonizing the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights;
(28) Whereas the moral rights of the natural person who created the database belong to the author and should be exercised according to the legislation of the Member States and the provisions of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works;whereas such moral rights remain outside the scope of this Directive;
(29) Whereas the arrangements applicable to databases created by employees are left to the discretion of the Member States;whereas, therefore nothing in this Directive prevents Member States from stipulating in their legislation that where a database is created by an employee in the execution of his duties or following the instructions given by his employer, the employer exclusively shall be entitled to exercise all economic rights in the database so created, unless otherwise provided by contract;
(33) Whereas the question of exhaustion of the right of distribution does not arise in the case of on-line databases, which come within the field of provision of services;whereas this also applies with regard to a material copy of such a database made by the user of such a service with the consent of the rightholder;whereas, unlike CD-ROM or CD-i, where the intellectual property is incorporated in a material medium, namely an item of goods, every on-line service is in fact an act which will have to be subject to authorization where the copyright so provides;
(35) Whereas a list should be drawn up of exceptions to restricted acts, taking into account the fact that copyright as covered by this Directive applies only to the selection or arrangements of the contents of a database;whereas Member States should be given the option of providing for such exceptions in certain cases;whereas, however, this option should be exercised in accordance with the Berne Convention and to the extent that the exceptions relate to the structure of the database; whereas a distinction should be drawn between exceptions for private use and exceptions for reproduction for private purposes, which concerns provisions under national legislation of some Member States on levies on blank media or recording equipment;
(36) Whereas the term ‘scientific research' within the meaning of this Directive covers both the natural sciences and the human sciences;
(40) Whereas the object of this sui generis right is to ensure protection of any investment in obtaining, verifying or presenting the contents of a database for the limited duration of the right;whereas such investment may consist in the deployment of financial resources and/or the expending of time, effort and energy;
(41) Whereas the objective of the sui generis right is to give the maker of a database the option of preventing the unauthorized extraction and/or re-utilization of all or a substantial part of the contents of that database;whereas the maker of a database is the person who takes the initiative and the risk of investing;whereas this excludes subcontractors in particular from the definition of maker;
(42) Whereas the special right to prevent unauthorized extraction and/or re-utilization relates to acts by the user which go beyond his legitimate rights and thereby harm the investment;whereas the right to prohibit extraction and/or re-utilization of all or a substantial part of the contents relates not only to the manufacture of a parasitical competing product but also to any user who, through his acts, causes significant detriment, evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively, to the investment;
(47) Whereas, in the interests of competition between suppliers of information products and services, protection by the sui generis right must not be afforded in such a way as to facilitate abuses of a dominant position, in particular as regards the creation and distribution of new products and services which have an intellectual, documentary, technical, economic or commercial added value;whereas, therefore, the provisions of this Directive are without prejudice to the application of Community or national competition rules;
(48) Whereas the objective of this Directive, which is to afford an appropriate and uniform level of protection of databases as a means to secure the remuneration of the maker of the database, is different from the aim of Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, which is to guarantee free circulation of personal data on the basis of harmonized rules designed to protect fundamental rights, notably the right to privacy which is recognized in Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms;whereas the provisions of this Directive are without prejudice to data protection legislation;
(49) Whereas, notwithstanding the right to prevent extraction and/or re-utili-zation of all or a substantial part of a database, it should be laid down that the maker of a database or rightholder may not prevent a lawful user of the database from extracting and re-utilizing insubstantial parts;whereas, however, that user may not unreasonably prejudice either the legitimate interests of the holder of the sui generis right or the holder of copyright or a related right in respect of the works or subject matter contained in the database;
(50) Whereas the Member States should be given the option of providing for exceptions to the right to prevent the unauthorized extraction and/or re-utilization of a substantial part of the contents of a database in the case of extraction for private purposes, for the purposes of illustration for teaching or scientific research, or where extraction and/or re-utilization are/is carried out in the interests of public security or for the purposes of an administrative or judicial procedure;whereas such operations must not prejudice the exclusive rights of the maker to exploit the database and their purpose must not be commercial;
(60)Whereas some Member States currently protect under copyright arrangements databases which do not meet the criteria for eligibility for copyright protection laid down in this Directive;whereas, even if the databases concerned are eligible for protection under the right laid down in this Directive to prevent unauthorized extraction and/or re-utilization of their contents, the term of protection under that right is considerably shorter than that which they enjoy under the national arrangements currently in force;whereas harmonization of the criteria for determining whether a database is to be protected by copyright may not have the effect of reducing the term of protection currently enjoyed by the rightholders concerned; whereas a derogation should be laid down to that effect;whereas the effects of such derogation must be confined to the territories of the Member States concerned,
2. For the purposes of this Directive, ‘database' shall mean a collection of independent works, data or other materials arranged in a systematic or methodical way and individually accessible by electronic or other means.
Article 2. Limitations on the scope
Article 3. Object of protection
Article 4. Database authorship
Article 5. Restricted acts
Article 7. Object of protection
(a) ‘extraction' shall mean the permanent or temporary transfer of all or a substantial part of the contents of a database to another medium by any means or in any form;
(b) ‘re-utilization' shall mean any form of making available to the public all or a substantial part of the contents of a database by the distribution of copies, by renting, by on-line or other forms of transmission. The first sale of a copy of a database within the Community by the rightholder or with his consent shall exhaust the right to control resale of that copy within the Community;
Article 8. Rights and obligations of lawful users
Article 9. Exceptions to the sui generis right
Article 11. Beneficiaries of protection under the sui generis right
2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to companies and firms formed in accordance with the law of a Member State and having their registered office, central administration or principal place of business within the Community;however, where such a company or firm has only its registered office in the territory of the Community, its operations must be genuinely linked on an ongoing basis with the economy of a Member State.
Article 12. Remedies
Article 13. Continued application of other legal provisions
Article 14. Application over time
Article 15. Binding nature of certain provisions
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive before 1 January 1998. When Member States adopt these provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.
Article 17. This Directive is addressed to the Member States.