Source: http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/336/811/468703/
Timestamp: 2013-05-18 12:01:39
Document Index: 669539606

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 106', '§ 13', '§ 106', '§ 107', '§ 107', '§ 13']

336 F.3d 811: Leslie A. Kelly, an Individual, Dba Les Kelly Publications, Dba Les Kelly Enterprises, Dba Show Me the Gold, Plaintiff-appellant, v. Arriba Soft Corporation, an Illinois Corporation, Defendant-appellee :: US Court of Appeals Cases :: Justia
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336 F.3d 811: Leslie A. Kelly, an Individual, Dba Les Kelly Publications, Dba Les Kelly Enterprises, Dba Show Me the Gold, Plaintiff-appellant, v. Arriba Soft Corporation, an Illinois Corporation, Defendant-appellee
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. - 336 F.3d 811
Opinion Filed February 6, 2002
Withdrawn July 7, 2003
Refiled July 7, 2003
This case involves more than merely a retransmission of Kelly's images in a different medium. Arriba's use of the images serves a different function than Kelly's use &#x2014; improving access to information on the internet versus artistic expression. Furthermore, it would be unlikely that anyone would use Arriba's thumbnails for illustrative or aesthetic purposes because enlarging them sacrifices their clarity. Because Arriba's use is not superseding Kelly's use but, rather, has created a different purpose for the images, Arriba's use is transformative.
2 Mark Sableman,Link Law Revisited: Internet Linking Law at Five Years, 16 BERKELEY TECH. L.J. 1273, 1297 (2001).
3 Stacey L. Dogan,Infringement Once Removed: The Perils of Hyperlinking to Infringing Content, 87 IOWA L. REV. 829, 839 n. 32 (2002).
4 Currently, when a user clicks on the thumbnail, a window of the home page of the image appears on top of the Arriba page. There is no window just containing the image
5 Los Angeles News Serv. v. Reuters Television Int'l. Ltd., 149 F.3d 987, 993 (9th Cir.1998).
8 17 U.S.C. § 106
9 Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Moral Majority, Inc., 796 F.2d 1148, 1151 (9th Cir.1986) (quoting 3 M. Nimmer & D. Nimmer, Nimmer on Copyright § 13.01 (1985)).
10 17 U.S.C. §§ 106, 107
11 Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc., 109 F.3d 1394, 1399 (9th Cir.1997) (internal quotation marks omitted).
12 The four factors are: (1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; (2) the nature of the copyrighted work; (3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and (4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. 17 U.S.C. § 107
13 Dr. Seuss, 109 F.3d at 1399.
14 Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569, 579, 114 S.Ct. 1164, 127 L.Ed.2d 500 (1994).
15 Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted) (alteration in original).
17 See, e.g., A & M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004, 1015 (9th Cir.2001) ("[C]ommercial use is demonstrated by a showing that repeated and exploitative unauthorized copies of copyrighted works were made to save the expense of purchasing authorized copies.").
18 Campbell, 510 U.S. at 579, 114 S.Ct. 1164.
19 See Infinity Broad. Corp. v. Kirkwood, 150 F.3d 104, 108 (2d Cir.1998) (concluding that retransmission of radio broadcast over telephone lines is not transformative); UMG Recordings, Inc. v. MP3.com, Inc., 92 F.Supp.2d 349, 351 (S.D.N.Y.2000) (finding that reproduction of audio CD into computer MP3 format does not transform the work); Los Angeles News Serv., 149 F.3d at 993 (finding that reproducing news footage without editing the footage "was not very transformative").
20 150 F.3d 104
21 227 F.3d 1110 (9th Cir.2000)
22 Id. at 1117.
23 Id. (internal quotation marks omitted) (alteration and ellipses in original).
24 235 F.3d 18 (1st Cir.2000)
25 Id. at 22-23.
26 17 U.S.C. § 107 ("[T]he fair use of a copyrighted work ... for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.");see also Campbell, 510 U.S. at 576-77, 114 S.Ct. 1164.
27 214 F.3d 1022 (9th Cir.2000)
28 Id. at 1029.
29 Id. at 1027.
30 A & M Records, 239 F.3d at 1016 (citing Campbell, 510 U.S. at 586, 114 S.Ct. 1164) (internal quotation marks omitted).
31 Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enters., 471 U.S. 539, 564, 105 S.Ct. 2218, 85 L.Ed.2d 588 (1985) (noting that the scope of fair use is narrower with respect to unpublished works because the author's right to control the first public appearance of his work weighs against the use of his work before its release).
33 Worldwide Church of God, 227 F.3d at 1118 (internal quotation marks omitted).
34 Campbell, 510 U.S. at 586-87, 114 S.Ct. 1164.
35 Id. at 590, 114 S.Ct. 1164 (quoting 3 M. Nimmer & D. Nimmer, Nimmer on Copyright § 13.05[A][4] (1993)) (ellipses in original).
36 See id. at 591, 114 S.Ct. 1164 (stating that a work that supersedes the object of the original serves as a market replacement for it, making it likely that market harm will occur, but when the second use is transformative, market substitution is less certain).
37 We do not suggest that the inferior display quality of a reproduction is in any way dispositive or will always assist an alleged infringer in demonstrating fair use. In this case, however, it is extremely unlikely that users would download thumbnails for display purposes, as the quality full-size versions are easily accessible from Kelly's web sites
38 See Kilroy v. Ruckelshaus, 738 F.2d 1448, 1452 (9th Cir.1984).
39 See United States v. Grayson, 879 F.2d 620, 625 (9th Cir.1989).