Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CA2255119C/en
Timestamp: 2020-06-05 04:40:50
Document Index: 717581088

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 25', 'art 30', 'art 41', 'arts 35', 'art 30', 'art 56', 'art 29', 'art 77', 'art 35', 'art 49']

CA2255119C - Device for limiting the bending radius of a flexible duct - Google Patents
CA2255119C
CA2255119C CA 2255119 CA2255119A CA2255119C CA 2255119 C CA2255119 C CA 2255119C CA 2255119 CA2255119 CA 2255119 CA 2255119 A CA2255119 A CA 2255119A CA 2255119 C CA2255119 C CA 2255119C
CA 2255119
CA2255119A1 (en
1997-03-14 Priority to FR97/03095 priority
1998-02-25 Application filed by Technip France filed Critical Technip France
1998-09-24 Publication of CA2255119A1 publication Critical patent/CA2255119A1/en
2007-08-14 Publication of CA2255119C publication Critical patent/CA2255119C/en
238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 207
It is of the type comprising at least one stiffener (7) which is arranged around a length of said flexible pipe which is fixed by a rear part on a mounting bracket (19) and it is characterized in that it further comprises a support member (6, 6 ', 6 ") for the stiffener (7) which is arranged between the flexible pipe (1) and the stiffener (7) and which comprises at least one deformable part in bending which extends over a length of the flexible pipe located at least between the rear part and the front end of the stiffener.
Device for limiting the curvature of a flexible pipe The present invention relates to a curvature limiter device of a flexible pipe, particularly in the case where the pipe has a tip diameter greater than that of the pipe, and more particularly, a device comprising a stiffener intended to equip a flexible pipe in which circulates a hot fluid whose temperature is above 80 C.
Such flexible pipes whose structure is well known, are used in particular in oil exploitation, for the ascent or hydrocarbon transport from an underwater well head to a platform or floating equipment such as a boat Floating Production and Storage Offloading which is designated by the abbreviation FPSO. These flexible pipes are described in the document "Recomrnended Practice for Flexible Pipe - API Recommended Practice 17B "published by American Petroleum Institute.
The curvature limiter device according to the invention is also can be used with other types of flexible pipes, particularly in the In the case of submarine oil exploitation facilities, such as flexible lines with multiple pipes called umbilicals or cables electric.
When the flexible pipe works in static as it is the When it rests on the seabed, it is very little subject to bending. On the other hand, when she works dynamically, as is the case when used as a riser, then it is subject to alternate deformations and in particular to inflections which can lead to major curvatures of said flexible pipe. However, it is necessary that the minimum radius of curvature (MBR) is not less than some value (as noted in API RP 17 B
Cited above). To limit the radius of curvature to an acceptable value, uses stiffeners that reduce the bending of the pipe to the places critical (stiffeners described in API RP 17 B under the name "bend For example, a stiffener is mounted in the junction area of the flexible pipe with the end cap or fittings that equip the flexible pipe at both ends, a terminal end comprising, as that it is described in API RP 17B under the name of "end fitting", on the one hand, a termination of the flexible pipe ("end termination"), and other part, an end connector with the pipes corresponding to which the flexible pipe is connected, in particular a underwater wellhead and / or a surface support such as a ship or a platform.
A stiffener can also be mounted on the current portion of lo flexible pipe, remote terminal einbouts, for example to edge an intermediate support ("pipe tray") in the case of a flexible conduit in riser with a configuration in "lazy S" or "Steep S", as it is described in API RP 17 B, or at the extremitz of a rigid guide tube protecting the upper part of the flexible pipe, as it is represented in FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 of WO 92/12376 or in EP-565 445 (Coflexip stiffener embedding).
Such stiffeners are well known. They can be made by a simple elastic body come from nioulaee polyurethane and can alternatively understand an internal reinforcement structure as it 2o is described in WO 92/12376 or in GB-A-2 291 686. They can also include means of heat dissipation, as well as that is recommended in FR-95 14 114 - unpublished by the Applicant, and GB-A-2 291 686. The heat dissipation means are intended to dissipate a part of the heat at the interface between the elastic body of the stiffener and the flexible pipe, said heat coming from fltlide flowing in said flexible pipe. Indeed, it turned out that said heat damaged the plastic material (polyurethane) of the stiffener by hydrolysis in contact with seawater, hydrolysis leading to a loss of mechanical properties stiffener and in particular a loss of stiffness.
In all cases of use of a stiffener, the latter is, normally arranged on the flexible pipe before mounting and or end caps, a radial clearance between the flexible pipe allowing slide the latter along the flexible pipe. After assembly end caps on the flexible pipe, the stiffener is fed through sliding, on the corresponding terminal end and fixed to the latter by WO 98/41729 ~ j PCT / FR98 / 00369 appropriate means which are at least partially described in the documents of the prior art. Alternatively, if the stiffener needs to be installed in the current length of the pipe, it is positioned in the intended by means of temporary or permanent fixations, such as a necklace tight around the pipe.
In these circumstances, it is the whole flexible pipe, through the end caps and the stiffener, which is transported to the operating site; most often, this set is wrapped on a reel or in a basket for transportation.
Winding on a reel and subsequent transport pose serious problems so far badly solved. Indeed, regardless of the weight of flexible pipe and end fittings, it is important to note that each stiffener can have lengths that can be of the order of four meters and constitute with the terminal i5 localized up to about three tons. This results in problems clutter, unbalance and handling that severely affect all the implementation operations since the end of manufacturing from the conduct and its loading on a ship until its installation on the site at sea. In particular, the passage of the stiffener in the various organs handling devices, such as crawler tensioners, or curved supports or pulley grooves, requires delicate maneuvers and long.
In practice, the dimensioning of the stiffeners is currently limited by these handling problems caused by their mounting on the flexible pipe. But the continuous increase of the diameter and the weight of the flexible pipes and the depth of the water makes that there is now a need for even heavier stiffeners and whose length would exceed five meters, which is practically impracticable because handling difficulties.
To overcome these difficulties, it would be natural to consider mounting of the stiffeners in situ, when installing the flexible pipe to edge of the laying ship. The overmolding installation around the hose is obviously excluded, because of the duration of the operation and the conditions environment. Also known stiffeners made in two halves that can be mounted at the last moment and assembled around the flexible pipe by means such as bolt-on collars, and described in FR-2 446 981, but experience has shown that such stiffener is unfit to present, regardless of the bending direction of the conduct, the required mechanical characteristics.
The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above and to propose a simple and effective solution without sacrificing the cost of manufacture of the assembly recalled above.
The subject of the present invention is a limiter device for curvature for a flexible pipe with end pieces arranged at two ends of said flexible pipe, and comprising at least one stiffener which is arranged around a length of said flexible pipe and which is fixed by a rear part on a mounting bracket, characterized in that it further comprises a support member for the stiffener which is arranged between the flexible pipe and the stiffener and which has at least one deformable part in flexion which extends over a length of the flexible pipe located at least between the rear part and the front end of the stiffener, said stiffener having a diameter internal upper than the maximum outside diameter of one of said end pieces terminals, so that said stiffener can slide around said terminal tip.
An important advantage of the present invention lies in the fact it is possible to transport the stiffener (s) independently of one another and the flexible pipe provided with its two end caps mounted in the factory, the setting in place of the stiffener (s) being then carried out on the site installation without the need for other means than those usually available for the setting up the installation of said flexible pipe from the ship of installation, as are put in place various accessories of the conduct, such only buoys.
Indeed, by producing a stiffener whose internal diameter of crossing central passage is at least equal to the maximum diameter of the terminal end, with the tolerance close, it is possible to bring the stiffener from outside the flexible pipe and place it around the nozzle terminal, then slide it around or inside the mouthpiece until the proper position on the flexible pipe around the support element.
By maximum diameter of the end cap, we mean the external dimensions that presents the non dissociable part of larger dimensions of the terminal end around which the stiffener must pass.
When the end cap is or is permanently attached to a flange of connection (end connector) of transverse dimensions greater than those of the central body of the tip (end termination), these are the dimensions of said flange which constitute the maximum diameter since in such a case, the stiffener must be able to slide over said flange of connection. It goes without saying that when the terminal tip does not understand connection flange or if it has been separated from said flange, then these are the external dimensions of the tip central body that define the diameter maximum.
Similarly, when the stiffener is mounted on the current portion of the pipe and fixed on an intermediate fastener remote from a terminal tip, and if the diameter of said intermediate member is greater than that of the terminal end and / or associated elements, then the diameter maximum will be that of said intermediate organ. In fact, the diameter maximum to be considered is the diameter of the organ more large dimensions above which the stiffener must be slid.
In all of the following we refer to the notion of diameter for reasons for simplicity and clarity with the assumption that we are in the presence cylindrical elements of revolution. But it goes without saying that the said elements may not be of revolution and internal and / or external diameters which we are talking about will be the internal transverse dimensions and / or external parts of said elements.
Another advantage is that we almost eliminate congestion, imbalance and handling problems during the transport between the manufacturing plant and the production site, at least those directly related to the stiffener (s) since the stiffeners are no longer mounted in the factory on the flexible pipe.
Another advantage of the present invention is that the element of support and support may constitute a wear part that can be changed without difficulty when hydrolysis wear occurs, for example without require the replacement of the stiffener itself, the replacement of the support element being particularly easy when it is constituted in several parts or sectors. In addition, the support and support element be mounted on the flexible pipe at the factory or on the site of operation when it is made up of several parts.
Another advantage is that it becomes possible, in case of wear or WO 98/41729 ~ C PCT / FR98 / 00369 of a stiffener, to replace it on the installation site without have to dismantling the terminal end accessible from the support, such as a platform form or a ship, to which is fixed the end of the flexible pipe. This advantage is particularly interesting because the tip of replacement and assembly are very costly and any intervention by this kind at sea greatly aggravates the normal costs because of necessary loaistic supports and production stops, and also because that the tip change requires a reduction in the length of the flexible conduct that can be problematic. 10 When we want to dispel the heat released by the fluid circulating in the flexible pipe, it is possible to use the means of the prior art, with the added advantage, conferred by this invention, to be able to provide them not in the stiffener, which is often difficult because of the mass of said stiffener, but in the element i 5 support and support whose manufacture is very simple. The means of heat dissipation, whether by conduction with metal inserts playing the role of radiator, or by convection with channels, adapt very easily to the support and support element. Moreover, in the case where uses sea water circulation grooves, we can save them either on The inner surface of the supporting and supporting cool, by direct contact, the outer skin of the flexible pipe, either on the area outer of the support and support element to both cool the surface internal stiffener and the outer skin of the flexible pipe, by a choice of the material used to manufacture the support element and 25 support. However, it is not excluded to have such grooves circulation of seawater on the inner surface of the stiffener.
The stiffener having an active front portion which accompanies the flexible pipe in its deformations in flexion while limiting the amplitude of these flexions, the support element comprises at least An anterior part on which the active part of the stiffener throughout its length and the front end of which is at least from the front end of the stiffener and preferably beyond. The part anterior end of the active portion of the stiffener being commonly generally frustoconical shape, the anterior part of the support element can Thus have an end portion extending the stiffener whose WO 98/41729 I ~ PCT / FR98 / 00369 outer surface can be either cylindrical or frustoconical in the extension of the outer contour of the stiffener.
As is known, the stiffener comprises a rear portion recessed, generally cylindrical in shape through s which the stiffener is fixed in a mounting bracket so as to resist bending moments and lateral forces induced by displacements of the flexible pipe as well as, possibly, to the efforts Axial. The embedding support may be a rigid member integral with the flexible pipe, such as, typically a mouthpiece or a tight collar around 1 o the flexible pipe. In this case, the stiffener is, normally, built-in around the mounting bracket or a flush this last. Alternatively, the embedding support can be an organ rigid independent of the flexible pipe and arranged around it, such than the end portion of a rigid tube. In this second case, the stiffener 15 is normally embedded in the mounting bracket. Of way typical, a radial clearance between the support member and the internal axial passage the stiffener or the outer surface of the flexible pipe then allows the latter to slide freely with respect to the stiffener and the support Recessed.
In these various embodiments, the support member preferably comprises a rear fixing part serving to immobilize it in the axial direction of the flexible pipe. Axial fixation of the support element can be made by bonding with the surface outside of the flexible pipe.
Preferably, a fixing support having a general annular shape, or comprising several assembled elements around driving in the manner of circular segments and having a general annular shape corresponding to the configuration of the element of support. The support support of the support element can be arranged The inside of the latter, and be attached to the flexible pipe, particular in the form of a tight metal or plastic collar around the pipe, or a cylindrical bearing surface on the outer surface of the nozzle.
In the case, in particular, where the embedding support of the stiffener is independent of and external to the flexible pipe, the mounting bracket of 35 the support element may also include a component part integral or integral member of the stiffener or support Recessed.
The support element may be joined, in its posterior part to the fastening support by any known fastening means, for example a simple adhesion. Advantageously, the locking of the fixing support in the axial direction of the pipe can be achieved through the accessories of fasteners such as radial pins connecting the support recess or with an intermediate member. Preferably, the support fixing device comprises a cylindrical bearing surface that can be supported on a corresponding cylindrical bearing of the rear part of the element support. In particular, it is possible to use radial clamping means which may be integral with the support or support element, and are actuated so as to cancel the radial clearance between said bearing surfaces cylindrical bearing and possibly to exert a radial clamping force between these litters.
When the stiffener is recessed on a bit, its rear part recess can advantageously be arranged around a scope cylindrical on the surface of the tip, if this reach is of a diameter greater than that of the connecting member such as a flange provided for the connection of the pipe at its end. The support element is then fixed axially to the endpiece by means of an annular fixing support disposed between the outer surface of the flexible pipe and the stiffener.
Alternatively, when the connecting member is of a diameter greater than that of the body of the endpiece which comprises the end member of the pipe, the rear part of the stiffener can be arranged around the body of the mouthpiece and separated from the latter by an organ ring which can be the mounting bracket used to block the element support relative to the tip. The central axial passage of the stiffener having an approximately cylindrical surface, the stiffener is then resting, in its rear mounting part, on the mounting bracket, while the rest of the stiffener is supported on the support element.
In another embodiment, particularly when the stiffener is mounted on a mounting bracket disposed outside the the support element can be attached to the mounting bracket either directly, either via a mounting bracket, the support for this purpose a fixing surface which can be cylindrical, or conical, or in a plane perpendicular to the axis of driving. In the case of such arrangements, the support element, attached to support of embedding of the stiffener, can present a radial play by compared to the flexible pipe, which allows the latter to slide freely in the central passage of the stiffener.
The support element may consist of a ring member cylindrical monoblock that may have been manufactured separately and then place around the flexible pipe before mounting end caps.
Such a one-piece support element can also be produced by winding a band or overmolding around the pipe, so that it is then possible to put in place the support element after mounting the nozzles on a flexible pipe already completed and tested, or replace if necessary a support element on the site of use of the flexible pipe without replacing the accessible terminal.
According to another particularly advantageous embodiment, the support element comprises a plurality of blocks or sectors capable of being assembled, the assembly thus produced having a generally approximate shape annularly cylindrical. The side edges of the blocks constituting their joining surfaces can typically form radial planes passing through the axis of the flexible pipe, or alternatively, helical surfaces. Advantageously, a slight gap separates the edges lateral blocks. The circumferential clearance thus obtained presents a value chosen according to the diameter of the flexible pipe, which can typically vary between about 30 to 50 mm and about 500 mm. The game total circumference obtained by adding together the corresponding elementary each space between blocks can thus vary between approximately 5 mm small hoses and 30 to 60 mm for larger ones.
Advantageously, the support element presents, in advance at its definitive setting, a radial clearance with respect to driving flexible and with respect to the embedding support of the stiffener. Blocking final position of the support element thanks to the mounting bracket can be achieved by plating the posterior attachment part of the support element against the flexible pipe and / or the mounting bracket so as to cancel the radial clearance, while retaining preferably a radial clearance at the level of the WO 98/41729 ~ e PCT / FR98 / 00369 anterior portion of the support member. Radial play, defined by the difference in the radii of the two cylindrical surfaces facing each other may be some 1/10 of a mm for small hoses, and reach 5 to 10 mm for The biggest.
When the support element is locked in position by a support of fixation, the latter can constitute an annular monoblock member and be put in place, as well as the support element, before mounting the end pieces.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the fixing support can be made in at least two parts that can be separately 1 o assemblies around driving in the manner of a collar, so as to can then ensure, on the one hand, the fixation of the support element on the mounting bracket and, secondly, the blocking of the latter on a tip and / or on a support for embedding the stiffener outside the pipe or an integral member of the mounting bracket and / or the flexible pipe.
The invention thus relates to a method for setting up the element of support and stiffener comprising, for example, the following steps - completion of the manufacture of the flexible pipe, - setting up around the conduct of the manufactured support element previously, - mounting of the tips, - pressure tests before loading the wound pipe on a reel or in a basket, - boarding of the stiffener and the mounting bracket on board the vessel laying used for transport and setting up the pipe flexible on the site at sea, - setting up the stiffener around. flexible driving, doing pass through the stiffener an end cap that can be either the tip of the first end corresponding to the beginning of the conduct unrolled from the storage means, namely the mouthpiece of second end, - setting up of the support support for the support element, - positioning of the flexible pipe inside the support embedding the stiffener when the latter is of the outside type to the driving, fixing of the support element on its fixing support, block of the WO 98/41729 .41 PCT / FR98 / 00369 mounting bracket on the end and / or the flexible pipe and / or the mounting bracket, and blocking the stiffener on its support on the outside or on the mouthpiece, the sequence of these three operations that may vary depending on the characteristics of the the installation and installation procedure of the flexible pipe.
We will imagine all the variants of procedure installation that allows the invention, for example, implemented last year.
moment, on board the laying vessel, a support element made in two or three sections; or mounting around the flexible pipe of the bracket fixing at the end of manufacture at the factory before mounting the end pieces.
Although, because of its size and weight, the implementation of stiffener place around the flexible pipe and handling of all constitute a problematic operation, the invention makes it possible to proceed easily on board the laying ship, or from the floating support, 1.5 such as an FPSO platform or vessel, to which is suspended the flexible pipe used as a riser. In the most classic way, the flexible pipe is put in place by unrolling it horizontally above deck of the laying ship either from a storage basket, traction being provided by one or more multicarrier linear tensioners, either at from a winch that combines the two functions of storage and traction, and the pipe is then wound about 90 around an organ over boarding device such as a curved support or a wheel for go down from the outside of the hull to the bottom of the sea. The stiffener can then be installed either on the vertical part of the flexible pipe just below the deviating member, or on the horizontal part of the conduct, between the tensioners and the organ. diverter. In this last case, the operation can be facilitated using one of the many known means allowing to pass around the deviating member an accessory such a stiffener although this accessory is relatively rigid and wholesale diameter over a long length. For example, one can use a operating table rotating around a horizontal axis while remaining tangent to the circular profile of the deviator. We install the stiffener on the maneuvering table initially horizontal so as to be able to make pass through the stiffener the tip of the first end, or, by pulling back by a traction cable the second end WO 98/41729 .1 ~ PCT / FR98 / 00369 end, then we tilt the maneuvering table to lower the stiffener until crossing the deviating member.
According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the flexible is laid from a device known as VLS (Vertical Lay System) described in patent EP 478 742. The stiffener can be brought in the rig (derrick) from the deck of the ship to be arranged vertically below the main tensioning means constituted by example, by a quadrichenille supported by the tower, and in the axis of these last, the caterpillars can be laterally spread to pass the upper part of the stiffener. It is thus possible to make go down through the stiffener the first end end and the flexible pipe descending from the top of the tower, at the end of the laying of the section of concerned, to lift vertically with a traction cable the tip of second end to make it pass from bottom to top with the flexible pipe through the stiffener. Alternatively, it is possible, the stiffener remaining on the deck, to cross its central passage by the tip and the end portion of the flexible pipe, the latter having been deviated from its vertical direction in the axis of the tower to go to a horizontal direction.
Typically, the support element mainly comprises a cylindrical annular portion in the form of a sleeve, made in a single block or in several sectors assembled around the flexible pipe. When the flexible pipe, subjected to a high axial load, is curved in taking a curvature which is limited according to the rigidity of the stiffener at bending, radial clearances between the support element and the flexible pipe and / or the stiffener are canceled on the inner, concave side of the pipe flexible, that can be designated by the intrados, the wall of the support element being subjected to a more or less important radial compression effect in this area of intrados between the stiffener and the flexible pipe. The 3 o principal property that the material constituting the wall must have of the support element is to be able to withstand this compression effect, the deformation under maximum load to remain compatible with the stiffener operation, i.e., less than about 5 to 10%
In practice. The supporting element must, moreover, present a sufficient flexibility to be able to accompany flexible driving in its WO 98/41729 ~ 3 PCT / FR98 / 00369 curvature, and thus be, in the case of dynamic applications, apt to support a large number of alternating cycles of traction-compression corresponding to the alternation of the positions in extrados and intrados of the various areas of the support member.
The support member may comprise a shaped member sleeve made of a plastic material. This material can be homogeneous, in particular a thermoplastic or an elastomer, or cellular, or be of the composite type with loads such as short fibers or continuous, or nodular fillers such as microspheres. In 1 o function of the rigidity of the materials used, the support element can, in complement to its main mechanical function which is to transmit the radial forces between the flexible pipe and the stiffener, presenting a bending stiffness that adds to that of the stiffener and can reach until 1/4 or 1/3 of the rigidity of the stiffener.
In a particular embodiment, the support element can have a plurality of articulated annular pieces, each part being angularly move relative to the two pieces that frame it for follow the curve of the flexible pipe until reaching a stop limiting the curvature. Such a support element operates in the manner of curvature limiters (defined as "bend limiters" in API RP 17 B) commonly composed of elements such as vertebrae. Rooms articulated rings may have entangled U-shaped sections head-to-tail, or Z-shaped with two circular spans of diameters different, or, for example, include bearing spans.
Other advantages and features will be more apparent in the reading the description of several embodiments of the invention, as well as attached drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a flexible pipe provided with the device according to the invention, the stiffener being mounted on a terminal end, - Figures 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views along II-II
of Figure 1 according to two embodiments of the dissipation means thermal, FIG. 4 is a view of a support and support element with other means of heat dissipation, FIG. 5 is a schematic section of a support element and support in several parts, FIG. 6 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a flexible pipe provided with the device according to the invention, the stiffener being mounted remotely from a terminal end, FIGS. 7 to 21 are schematic sectional views of lo connecting means and means for embedding the stiffener and provided in the device according to the invention.
In the description that follows, mention is made of a conduct flexible with a terminal end, but it is understood that the present The invention applies to flexible pipes having two end caps.
Likewise, the present invention can be implemented at any place of the flexible pipe where it is necessary to limit the curvature.
FIG. 1 shows a flexible pipe 1, one of which end 2 is connected to a terminal end 3. In the example shown, the end piece 3 comprises a connection flange 4 which has external dimensions greater than those of the main body 5 and it is considered to be the part of maximum diameter DM. As well as that was recalled earlier, if the flange 4 was smaller, as is shown in Figure 6, it is the body 5 of the tip 3 which would considered as having the maximum diameter.
A support and support element 6 is arranged around the flexible pipe 1 which has in its running part an outer diameter predetermined, for example D Z. The support and support element has a internal diameter D2 which is substantially equal to D1, so as to be applied with tightening on the flexible pipe 1 after it has been place in the desired position.
A stiffener 7 whose structure is well known and described in the documents cited above, includes a central crossing 8 whose diameter D3 is slightly greater than the diameter DM to be able to slide on the connection flange 4 and bring it into position after mounting of the tip 3 on the flexible pipe 1. In the absence of constraints, the diameter D3 of the central passage 8 is likewise slightly greater than the outside diameter D4 of the element 6 so that when the curvature of the pipe is low or zero, it is possible to make slide the stiffener 7 to bring it to the desired position around the element 6. Advantageously, the diameters D 1, D 2, D 3 and D 4 are chosen so that the ratios (D2 - D1) / D2 and (D3 - D4) / D4 are lower or equal to 5/100. Typically, the tip 3 is fixedly connected to a support such as a platform, ship or underwater structure, and connected to the end of a channel integral with this support. Under the effect 1 o combined traction in the flexible pipe and the diversion angular of the latter with respect to the axis of the tip, the flexible pipe 1 and the stiffener 7 are curved, at the same time as the element 6, taking a curvature limited by the opposite reaction by the stiffener, the curvature can be cyclically alternated in opposite directions in the case of dynamic applications. For this purpose, the element 6 comprises at least one flexibly deformable portion extending along a length of the pipe flexible at least between the rear part and the front end of the stiffener 7. The stiffener 7, in such a work situation is supported and in continuous support in its part in intrados on the element 6, so that this last can be compressed by said stiffener 7. The element 6, the stiffener 7 and the end piece 3 are interconnected by connection means comprising the stiffener recess members, various embodiments of which described in the prior art documents cited above, as well as the element fixing support 6. Said connecting means are schematically and symbolically represented in FIG.
block shown in dotted lines and referenced -9, examples of embodiment particular being illustrated in particular in Figures 7 to 21.
The stiffener 7 which is adapted to the ambient conditions in which the flexible pipe 1 operates, has dimensions, and particular a length, which are determined as a function of diameter D1 of the flexible pipe 1 and the conditions of use, in particular the traction in the flexible pipe and the maximum value that can reach the angle that it makes in its approximately rectilinear beyond the stiffener in relation to the axis of the mouthpiece 3. The anterior part of the element 6, on the opposite side to the end piece 3, extends continuously over any - ---- -------the length of the stiffener 7, the front end of the element 6 being preferably in excess of the front end of the stiffener 7 forming the free end 10.
When the stiffener 7 is mounted on the end portion of the flexible pipe 1 connected to a nozzle, its rear mounting part is preferably disposed around at least the anterior portion of the body main 5 of the mouthpiece. Figure 1 illustrates such a case when, by elsewhere, the maximum diameter D5 of the main body 5 of the tip 3 is less than diameter of the flange 4 constituting the connecting member of the tip.
In this case, the rear part of the element 6, preferably in combination with a support for fixing said element which it is an extension to the back has a cylindrical outer surface having the same diameter D4 as the anterior part of the element 6 and extending the entire length the stiffener 7 and the embedding members 18 of the stiffener. In the case where the diameter D5 of the main body 5 of the nozzle is greater than or equal to diameter of the connecting member of the mouthpiece, the rear part of embedding the stiffener 7 is advantageously directly in bearing on the cylindrical outer surface of the main body 5 of the nozzle.
Element 6, preferably in combination with a fixing support, then has a cylindrical outer surface whose diameter D4 is approximately equal to the diameter D5 of the main body of the mouthpiece, such that the assembly formed by the main body of the mouthpiece and the element 6 constitutes a cylindrical bearing surface to support the stiffener 7 in all its length, with a possible interruption between the fixing bracket of the element 6 and the main body of the nozzle 5 or the location of the mounting bracket.
According to a particularly simple embodiment and economical, we can obtain an excellent result by manufacturing the element 6 in a homogeneous plastic material, compact and without load. The body of the stiffener 7 can consist, in the same way, in a simple volume of plastic material or may have an internal reinforcement more or less rigid, the material of the support tip may be identical to the plastic material of the stiffener, for example Adiprene "L167 of hardness 95 Shore A and 70 MPa Young's modulus or Adiprene "L100 of hardness 90 Shore A and Young's modulus 50 MPa. For big stiffeners, it can be envisaged to use a hard material whose hardness is 60 Shore D and the Young's modulus of 140 MPa, the material used for the element of support and support 6 can be AdipreneTMC L167 or L100 hardness lower.
Adiprene materials' L167 and L100 are shades particular polyurethane. Other plastic materials, in particular elastomers or thermoplastics, can be used, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC.
It is also possible to make the support element and in a material that is substantially more flexible and elastic than that of the stiffener provided that the crushing of the material used not exceed a few percent, 5 to 10% maximum, under pressure 10 bars.
The through passage 8 of the stiffener may not be quite cylindrical for demolding amenities and it is, therefore, slightly conical, the taper being 1 to 3 / oo. It is then used for centering the support and support member relative to the stiffener.
Figures 2 to 4 are very schematically represented cooling means provided on the supporting and supporting element 6.
In general, these cooling means can consist of through passages such as channels in the wall of the element 6 or on its surface and allowing the circulation of sea water in the length of element 6.
The first means 11 (FIG. 2) consist of grooves 12 formed on the inner face 13 of the support and support element 6, which is opposite the outer face of the hose 1, the coolant flowing in said grooves 12 and directly cooling the skin external of said flexible pipe as well as, at least partially, the inside of the stiffener 7 to the extent that the thickness of the element 6 is not very important.
The second means are identical to those of FIG.
difference that cooling grooves 12 'are arranged on the face external 14 of the support and support element 6, which is opposite the face internal stiffener 7 (Figure 3). With grooves 12 ', the stiffener 7 is cooled directly, as well as the flexible pipe 1 at least partially provided that the thickness of the supporting and supporting element (6) is not not very important.
In the third embodiment of FIG. 4, the means are formed by elongated openings 15 formed 1 o in the support and support element 6 and through the wall of the element throughout its thickness, said openings 15 communicating with each other by passages 16. The openings 15 allow cooling effective of the stiffener 7 and the flexible pipe 1.
The grooves 12 or 12 ', or the openings 15 and the passages 16 may be oriented longitudinally, parallel to the axis of flexible pipe. They can also have a general shape helical.
The support and support element 6 can be made in one piece, as shown in Figure 1 or in several sectors. On the FIG. 5 shows a support and support element 6, for example in three distinct blocks constituted by three identical sectors 17 which form, once assembled around the flexible pipe 1, a ring structure cylindrical. This allows in situ installation at the installation site and of use of the flexible pipe and to be able to replace in situ of the element 6 in case of wear or damage. In the case of flexible of large diameter, requiring a support element 6 of diameter and considerable length, this allows, moreover, to reduce the costs of manufacturing by reducing the sectional dimensions of the part to be manufactured.
By elsewhere, the circumferential play that can be achieved between different blocks may be determined in such a way as to favor the establishment and the good operation of the device. In addition, the handling and transport of flexible pipe are facilitated by the fact that the pipe is bare, without already mounted. Similarly, it is possible to produce support elements and support 6 by assembling blocks made in different dimensions.
Of course, the support and support element 6 could be made in two semi-cylindrical parts or in sectors of which the number is greater at 3.
FIG. 6 shows a stiffener 7 with the element of support 6, arranged around the flexible pipe 1 away from the nozzle terminal 3. The stiffener 7 is fixed rigidly on a mounting bracket 19 or on integral members of such a support, the support recess being integral with a marine structure such as a platform fixed or floating form, a ship, or an underwater structure such as a buoy or fixed immersed structure. The mounting bracket 19 can be 1 o find in the immediate vicinity of the terminal 3, but it is normal far from the end of a distance which may be several tens or several hundred meters. According to a particular mode of use interestingly, the end piece 3 is disposed in an accessible manner on a platform or vessel or in the upper part of a caisson ("turret") around which a ship can turn freely while still anchored from the caisson, or remaining immobilized by dynamic positioning, the flexible 1 descending from the tip 3 through the marine structure in a vertical or oblique direction. The mounting bracket 19 is attached to the marine structure where the flexible pipe 1 comes out of the lower part of the marine structure to cross the slice of water in direction of the bottom, typically having a chain configuration.
In order to ensure a practical and effective link between the support element 6, the stiffener 7 and the mounting support 19 of the stiffener, the device advantageously comprises a fixing support 20
2 5 of the support element 6 which is, on the one hand, arranged at the back and rendered secured to the support element 6 and, on the other hand, preferably fixed on the embedding support 19, or possibly on the flexible pipe 1.
When the set-up operation is complete, the flexible pipe 1 can be secured to the support element 6 and the fixing support 20. Alternatively, the device according to the invention allows, advantageously, to leave the flexible pipe 1 the possibility of slide axially with respect to the stiffener 7 and the mounting bracket 19. Preferably, the sliding is made possible by a radial clearance between the flexible pipe 1 of outer diameter D 1 on the one hand and secondly the assembly constituted by the fixing support 20 and the support element 6 of internal diameter D2, the fixing support 20 then being integral with the mounting bracket 19 and independent of the flexible pipe. alterna-Sliding can be obtained by a radial clearance between the support 20 and the support member 6 of outer diameter D4 on the one hand and, on the other hand, the embedding support 19 and the stiffener 7 of diameter interior D3, the fastening support 20 then being secured to the pipe flexible 1.
The embedding support 19 is a rigid rigid part, typically made of steel, comprising a cylindrical central part whose 1 o inner surface has a diameter slightly greater than the diameter D4 outer support element 6 and is an extension of the passage internal axial part of the so-called active front part of the stiffener.
cylindrical support 19 comprises an anterior portion 21 whose surface outer surface constitutes a support surface for the rear mounting part stiffener 7 and extends over a length sufficient to ensure correcting the relative positioning and embedding of the flexible pipe 1 and the stiffener 7 through the support member 6. Preferably, thus it is illustrated in FIG. 6, said cylindrical portion of the snack support trement 19 comprises, in addition, a posterior portion 22 whose surface interior constitutes a support surface for the mounting bracket 20 of element 6. Fixing accessories such as radial pins ensure locking especially in the axial direction of the mounting bracket 20 of the element 6 relative to the mounting bracket 19. The embedding of the stiffener on the support 19 is preferably consolidated by blocking and by fixing, by known means, the rear of the stiffener 7 on the support 19 by means of known fasteners, as schematically illustrated on the FIG. 6 in the form of a flange 23 secured to the support 19.
Furthermore, the mounting bracket 19 has in its part device, illustrated symbolically in FIG. 6 by the flange 24, areas or fasteners (not shown) for attaching rigidly to the marine structure by means of assembly mechanical locks such as screws, bolts, hinged collars, latches, etc.
The mounting support 19 can be made in several blocks which can be assembled around the flexible pipe 1 in the manner of a segmented necklace. Alternatively, the support 19 can be monoblock, the WO 98/41729 1 ~ PCT / FR98 / 00369 inner diameter of its cylindrical portion being slightly greater than maximum diameter DM of the terminal end around which the stiffener 7. In the case of FIG. 6, this diameter DM is equal to the diameter D5 of the main body of the nozzle 3, the diameter D6 of the flange 4 being less than the diameter D5.
The installation operation of the flexible pipe 1 and the assembly comprising the stiffener 7 and the support element 6 as well as the fixing on the mounting bracket and the marine structure can be realized, for example, as follows:
in a first step, the flexible pipe 1 being stored on a reel or in a basket on board a laying ship, its free end ended by the tip 3 is unwound in order to set up the stiffener 7 before continuing the laying operation of the flexible pipe by unrolling it in a subsequent step until the so-called connection is made of first end with the marine structure to be connected. To achieve this first step, we start by setting up around the free end of the flexible pipe, the support element 6 and / or its fixing support if they have not been factory fitted. We can then, as he has described above, passing the stiffener 7 around the tip 3 and The end of the flexible pipe so that it is square around the support element 6 and its fixing support 20, the diameter D3 interior of the stiffener being slightly greater than the outside diameter D4 of the support element and the element 6. This preliminary operation of assembly is completed by placing the mounting bracket 19, the anterior portion 21 of its cylindrical central portion being fitted to the inside of the front part of embedding the stiffener 7 and the outside of the support element 6, and the posterior portion 22 being disposed around the mounting bracket 20. The diameter of the inner portion cylindrical 21-22 being preferably greater than the maximum diameter DM
of the nozzle, the assembly comprising the stiffener 7 and the mounting bracket 19 can be mounted and assembled solidly separately, before doing so to pass around the mouthpiece 3. In an advantageous embodiment the two sets comprising one the stiffener 7 and its support 19 and the other, the support member 6 and its support 20 are then assembled together and fixed to each other by blocking the support 20 on the cylindrical portion 22, the support 20 and the support member having the ability to slide together along the flexible pipe 1.
In known manner, as described in patent EP 565 445, the device thus produced by the assembly of said two sets is then temporarily immobilized at the intended position on the flexible pipe 1.
The immobilization of said device can be achieved by connecting it to a necklace tightened on the flexible pipe 1 or the nozzle 3 by means of provisional solidarity which may be broken or loosened from various in particular by breaking under the effect of sufficient traction exerted on the flexible pipe or by mechanical means any acting directly on the means of temporary solidarity and operated by remote control or by diver or from an ROV
(Remote Operated Vehicle).
The next step is to unroll the flexible pipe 1 from of the laying ship by the so-called "pull-in" procedure, the end piece 3 being, typically, connected to an operating cable, powered from a winch installed on the marine structure to which the tip 3 is to be connected.
The end piece 3 thus reaches an opening in the lower part of the marine structure, advantageously equipped with guiding means such as a organ shaped trumpet (bell mouth). We can then continue to act on the cable to pull the pipe to make it penetrate more or less to inside the marine structure, until the mounting bracket reaches in the presence of said opening of the lower part of the structure Marine. According to an advantageous embodiment, the dimensions in width overall dimensions of the mounting bracket 19 (such as the outer diameter of the flange 24 in the schematic and symbolic representation of FIG. 6) are more important than the radial dimensions of the through hole delimiting the opening of the lower part of the marine structure. The support fastener 20 is thus immobilized on the annular wall delimiting said opening, respectively complementary spans, typically radial or conical, then being supported against each other under the effect of the traction exerted on the operating cable. Locking means are then actuated to directly lock the mounting bracket 19 in the opening of the marine structure. The means of solidarity WO 98/41729 2'3 PCT / FR98 / 00369 provisional are then broken or released, which releases the flexible pipe 1 relative to the embedding device comprising the stiffener 7, the support member 6, the mounting bracket 20 and the mounting bracket 19, this embedding device being henceforth secured to the marine structure.
The operation of placing by traction of the first end of the flexible pipe 1 ends with the connection of the organ of connection 4 of the tip 3 with the end. corresponding of solidarity channel of the marine structure.
The laying operation of the flexible pipe 1 can then be continue by continuing to unroll it from the laying ship which away from the marine structure as, in a typical way, the flexible pipe is laid on the bottom.
Figures 7 to 21 illustrate various specific examples of embodiment of a mounting device according to the invention.
In the case of FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, the end-piece 3 constitutes the mounting bracket on which the stiffener 7 is mounted.
Figure 7 illustrates a case where the maximum diameter DM of the tip 3 is equal to the diameter D5 of the main body 5 of the nozzle. In the rear part 25 of the stiffener 7, the central passage 8 is delimited by a rigid cylindrical wall 26, preferably metal. The stiffener 7 further comprises, in a known manner, a wall posterior rigid, constituted by an annular radial metal plate 27 which is secured to the inner cylindrical wall 26, as well as to an armature internal 28 embedded in the elastomeric material of the stiffener.
In the advantageous embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the support member 6 has a rear end portion 29 also cylindrical but of lower thickness than the main part of the element 6. Outside, said end portion 29 bears on the stiffener
30 in the area where the latter is made rigid by the cylindrical wall 26. In the interior, the end portion 29 is supported on a cylindrical center portion 30 of the mounting bracket 20, so that the end portion 29 of the element 6 is held between the wall 26 of the stiffener 7 and the middle portion 30 of the support 20. The metal wall 26 being thus bearing on the main body 5 of the mouthpiece and on the part end WO 98/41729 ~ q PCT / FR98 / 00369 29 of the support element 6, it is advantageously extended towards the front so that its anterior end 31 is in front of the front end 32 of the fixing support 20. The means ensuring the blocking the rear end 29 of the element 6 are advantageously complemented by two radial annular elements of the fixing support 20, located on either side of its middle part 30, one of the radial elements 33 being at the back and facing outward, and forming axial abutment for the end portion 29 of the element 6, and the other radial element 34 being the front and turned inwards, so that the mounting bracket 20 1 o has an S-shaped or Z-shaped section.
The fixing support 20 is mounted on the end piece 3 by via a connecting piece 35 constituted by a metal ring having, on the one hand, a radial bearing surface 36 bearing on a bearing corresponding front end of the main body 5 of the end piece and fixed thereto by means such as a plurality of screws or bolts 37, and on the other hand, a cylindrical portion 38. In order to consolidate the axial centering of the stiffener 7 and the support member 6 with respect to the flexible pipe through the fixing support 20, the cylindrical portion 38 is in radial support, on the one hand by its outer surface on the cylindrical part of the fixing support 20, and on the other hand, by its inner surface on the outer surface of the flexible pipe 1 whose wall is illustrated schematically with an outer sheath 39, an armor 40 and a part 41. The fixing support 20 is fixed axially on the endpiece 3 through the connecting piece 35 through accessories of such as radial pins 42. The axial fastening of the element support support 6 can be achieved by the pins 42, but it can advantageously be consolidated by adhesion of the interface 43 of the rear part of the support element 6, resting on the cylindrical part end 30 of the support 20.
The stiffener 7 is, moreover, blocked on the end piece 3, so known, by a flush member constituted by a metal flange 18 which comprises a portion in the form of an annular radial plate 44 resting on the rigid rear wall 27 of the stiffener 7 and a cylindrical portion 45 in support on the main body of the mouthpiece. In the example illustrated in FIG.
the axial fixing is carried out by means such as nuts or bolts 46 blocking the free end of the frame 28 on the radial portion 44 and by embedding the cylindrical portion 45 in a groove 47 made in the outer surface of the main body 5 of the mouthpiece. The flange 18 is made in at least two parts, in the manner of a segmented collar, so as to can be put in place around the end piece 3 after the stiffener 7 has been spent around the tip and the support element 6. The part cylindrical 45 of the flange 18 is thus housed in the groove 47, the flange is then assembled solidly, by bolting for example. The operation is completed by moving the stiffener back to the contact between the radial plates rings 27 and 44 and fixing the stiffener with the fastening means axial 46.
In the case of the examples illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, the stiffener is mounted on a tip whose main body 5 has a outside diameter D5 less than the diameter D6 of the flange 4.
The device for mounting the stiffener and its element illustrated in FIG. 8 comprises a connecting piece 35 'comprising an anterior cylindrical portion 38 bearing on the flexible pipe 1, of same as in the case of the example shown in Figure 7. The link 35 'further comprises a posterior portion of revolution 48 whose the inner surface is supported on the main body 5 and the tip the outer surface has a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter D4 of the support element 6, slightly greater than the diameter D6 of the flange 4, the stiffener 7 being in support, from the rear towards the front, on the piece of bond 35 'and on the support element 6. The connecting piece is made of at less two parts able to be assembled around the body 5 of the mouthpiece, the axial locking being ensured by the penetration of a protrusion 49 of the part posterior 48 in a groove 50 of the main body 5 of the tip. The room 35 'thus ensures the axial locking of the fixing support 20 to which he is bound by pins 42. The attachment of the stiffener 7 on the tip 3 is 3 o provided via the connecting piece 35. At this end, the flange 18 made of at least two assemblable elements is, on the one hand, secured of the stiffener 7 by the means 46 and, secondly, immobilized on the piece 35 'through the penetration of a raised annular portion 45 in a groove 51 on the surface of the workpiece 35.
The device illustrated in FIG. 9 does not include a piece of connection such as the parts 35 or 35, the locking of the fixing support 20 on the end piece being provided by means of a fitting member such that a flange 18 'made of at least two parts assembled around the tip on which it is immobilized by penetration of a part internal cylindrical 45 'in a groove 47 on the surface of the main body 5 of the mouthpiece. The fixing support 20 is fixed to the flange 18 'by means 52 such as screws, the stiffener 7 being also attached to the same flange 18 ' by means 46 already described.
The fixing support 20 having a radial front element 34 in axial support on the anterior peripheral range of the main body 5 of the tip, it will be noted that, contrary to the examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, the end portion 29 of the element 6 is here in radial support on the body 5 through the cylindrical middle portion 30 of the support of fixing 20.
Figures 10 to 16 illustrate various mounting examples of the stiffener 7 on a marine structure made so that the connection between the stiffener 7 and the flexible pipe 1 is made via a support element 6 according to the invention. The marine structure is represented schematically by the edges 53 of the opening in the marine structure, opening on which the stiffener must be fixed and through which must pass the flexible pipe 1. The stiffener is fixed on the edges 53 of the opening through a mounting bracket 19 which is realized in the form of a piece of rigid revolution 19 having flanges 23 and 24 respectively fixed to the stiffener 7 and the edges 53 of the opening by means 46 'and 54 such as screws or bolts.
Figures 10 to 13 illustrate devices where the element of support 6 is fixed inside the mounting bracket, in particular in the axial direction, the flexible pipe 1 can be free to slide axially relative to the support member 6.
In the case of Figures 10, 11 and 12, the mounting bracket 19 has a cylindrical part whose inner surface is in the prolongation of the inner surface of the passage 8 inside the stiffener and is in support on the support element 6. Said cylindrical part comprises a central portion 55 between the flanges 23 and 24 which is supported on the part rear end 29 of the support member 6. In the rear part of embedding 25 of the stiffener 7, the surface of the central passage 8 is delimited by a rigid cylindrical element 26 integrated in the stiffener whose inner diameter is greater than the diameter D3 of the stiffener, so that the cylindrical portion of the mounting bracket has a portion front 21 disposed in the annular space between the support member 6 and rigid element 26, this provision having the effect of reinforcing the embedding of the stiffener 7 on the mounting support 19.
Furthermore, the support element 6 is fixed to the support of 19 by means of the fixing support 20, the part rear end 29 of the support member being in internal support on a cylindrical portion 30 'constituting the front zone of the fixing support 20. The support element 6 is retained axially relative to the support of fastening 20 by any known means, for example, simply and advantageous, by adhesion of the interface 43 between the rear portion 29 of the element 6 and the anterior cylindrical part 30 'of the fixing support 20.
The centering of the flexible pipe 1 with respect to the stiffener 7 and to the embedding support 19 being mainly provided by the element of support 6, this centering effect is completed by the fixing support 20 whose cylindrical inner surface is in line with the surface inside diameter D2 of the support element 6.
The variants shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12 different mainly by the method of fixing the mounting bracket 20 to the mounting bracket 19.
In the case of FIG. 10, the fixing support 20 is fixed on the embedding support 19 via a connecting piece 56 made in at least two sectors so that it can be assembled around of a posterior part of revolution 57 of the fixing support 20 and to be in radial support on the latter. Part 56 has a shaped section bracket with a cylindrical portion 58 embedded in a groove 59 at the surface of the posterior portion 57 of the support 20, and a radial portion in flange shape 60 locked against the mounting bracket 19 by assembly means 61 such as screws or bolts.
The embedding support 19 illustrated in FIG.
a cylindrical portion having a posterior portion 22 resting on the posterior portion 57 of the mounting bracket 20 which can thus be attached to the support of embedding 19 by assembly means 62 of any known type, by example of screws or bolts.
In the case of Figure 12, the mounting of the mounting bracket 20 is provided by a radial annular connecting piece such as a flange 63, preferably in at least two assemblable sectors, and which is fixed both on the mounting bracket 20 and on the mounting bracket by assembling means 64 and 61 'of any known type, such as screws or bolts.
Instead of being made by assembling with the support of 19, as in the case of Figures 10, 11 and 12, the mounting of the fixing bracket illustrated in Figure 13 is obtained by assembling with the stiffener 7 by means of assembly means such as a flange 65. The flange 65 is locked at a time, by fastening means 66 and 67, on the fixing support 20 and on the metal plates 26 and 27 which constitute the internal and posterior borders of the posterior part embedding 25 of the stiffener 7.
Figures 14, 15 and 16 illustrate exemplary embodiments having a support element 6 immobilized on the flexible pipe 1, the assembly thus formed being able to slide axially, if necessary, to inside the assembly constituted by the stiffener 7 and the support recess 19.
In the case of FIG. 14, the support element 6 is blocked axially on the flexible pipe via the mounting bracket 20, with which it is secured, for example, by adhering its interface 43 with the anterior cylindrical portion 30 'of the mounting bracket 20. The support 20 is immobilized on the flexible pipe by means of a collar clamp 68 consisting of at least two parts which are assembled at a time around the flexible pipe 1 and the fixing support 20, then tightened, by means such as bolts 69 so as to block the collar 68 on the flexible pipe and to anchor it on the support 20, the anchorage being able to to be assured by giving the ends facing the collar 68 and the support 20 nested forms causing an axial coupling as shown in FIG.
Figure 15 illustrates a simplified embodiment, the element of support 6 being directly immobilized on the flexible pipe by adhesion of the interface 70 of the posterior part of its surface indoor with the outer surface of the pipe.
FIG. 16 illustrates another embodiment similar to that of FIG. 15, the blocking of the posterior part of the support element 6 being realized by a purely mechanical effect of clamping around the flexible pipe 1. The support element is made, at least in its part posterior, in the form of a plurality of sectors separated by slots 100 and that can be tight against each other so as to be pressed against the flexible pipe 1 in the manner of a segmented collar, the tightening which can be achieved by any known means, such as bolts 71.
FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment according to which the support element 6 is also immobilized on the flexible pipe, the stiffener 7 being mounted on a tip 3, as in the case of Figure 7.
Blocking of the support element is achieved by clamping on the pipe flexible 1 of a collar 72 which is disposed in an open annular recess in the outer surface of the element 6.
FIG. 18 illustrates another embodiment according to which the support element 6 is fixed from the inside to the mounting support 19.
The fixing support 20 'has an anterior portion 73 whose surface outer 75 is conical and not cylindrical as is the case for the anterior portion 30 'of the examples of FIGS. 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.
internal surface of the rear part of the mounting bracket 19 has a conical bearing 74. In a preliminary stage of the operation 5, illustrated by FIG. 18a, the assembly constituted by the stiffener 7 and the mounting bracket 19 is moved forward for release the posterior part of the support element 6. The support of 20 'is then pushed forward, so that the range 75 which is at the front of the support 20 'acts in the manner of a dudgeon lifting element 6, the posterior part of which tapered configuration flared as shown in Figure 18b, progression of the support 20 'towards the front, that is to say to the right of FIG.
being stopped when a radial surface 76 of the fixing support 20 'reaches axial abutment against the rear end of the support member 6. In this situation, the posterior part of the support element 6 is in excess at the outside relative to its cylindrical surface of diameter D4. By bringing back towards the rear the mounting support 19 integral with the stiffener 7, performs the embedding of the cylindrical surface 101 of the fixing support 20 ' inside the mounting support 19, the conical bearing surface 74 of the support 20 'inwardly pushing the part of the support element who is in excess of the inside diameter of the support recess 19, so that the rear end portion 29 'of the element 6 is tightly seated and held between the support recess 19 and the front portion 73 of the mounting bracket 20 ' (Figure 18c). The anchoring of the part 29 'of the element 6 can be reinforced by practicing streaks or ripples on a part 77 of the surface internal recess mounting 19. Of course, the rear portion 29 ' of the support element 6 can also be pressed against the inner surface stiffener 7.
FIG. 19 illustrates another embodiment similar to that of FIG. 7, the connection between the fixing support 20 and the end piece 3 being performed by a different process which is particularly suitable in the case of relatively small inner diameter hoses, of the order of 50 mm to 120 mm. A connecting piece 35 "is previously attached to the endpiece 3 by means 37. The facing surfaces of the anterior portion 30 "of the connecting piece 35 "and the support 20 have, on part of their length, complementary threads 78, so that the blockage of the support 20 on the endpiece 3 via the part 35 "is made of rotating around the axis of the flexible pipe the assembly constituted by the support 20 and the support member 6 until the screw 78 is completely tight.
In another particular embodiment, the element of medium has a sufficiently high level of resistance to deformation in flexion to be able to play a stiffening role in addition to stiffener 7. In the case of the example illustrated in FIG.
stiffener 7 is mounted on a mounting support 19. The element 6 'filling at the the role of support and support for the main stiffener 7 and stiffener for the flexible pipe 1 is securely fixed by means 79 to a member 80 playing both the role of fixing support of the element 6 ' and 3 5 complementary mounting support, itself positioned with accuracy within the mounting bracket by means such as machined cylindrical scopes 81. The effectiveness of the support element 6 'in its additional stiffener function can be increased by a reinforcement internal 82, such as, for example, described in WO 92/12376.
For the same purpose of increasing the additional stiffening effect, the support internal embedding 80 advantageously comprises an anterior part cylindrical 83 on which the rear part of embedding the element 6 'is in support.
The frame 82 has elongate elements which are subject to 1 o traction or compression efforts depending on whether they are on the side upper or lower side depending on the direction in which the pipe flexible is curved. The rear ends of the elongated elements of the frame 82 passes through an anterior portion 84 of the embedding support internal 80 and are blocked by fastening means such as welds 79 or bolts so as to ensure the recovery of longitudinal forces traction and compression by the internal support 80. These efforts iongitudinal associated with the operation of the element 6 'as a stiffener are taken up by the support 19 by means of a flange ring 85 secured to the internal support 80 and the mounting bracket by fastening means respectively 86 and 87 such as bolts.
In another embodiment not shown, the support embedding is constituted by the tip 3; in this case, the outer surface of the internal mounting support 80 constitutes a contact surface cylindrical bearing on a corresponding reinforced portion of the stiffener, the internal mounting and fixing bracket 80 is also fixed by recess on the front of the terminal 3.
In the particular embodiment illustrated in FIG.
the support element 6 "has locking elements limiting the curvature of the flexible pipe to a determined maximum value.
The assembly constituted by the combination of the stiffener 7 and the element of support 6 "is therefore both a stiffener and a curvature limiter (" bend stiffener "and" bend limit "according to API definitions RP 17B).
The locking elements comprise a set of rings nested with a U-shaped cross-section, the aperture being 3 5 outwardly oriented for inner rings 88 and towards WO 98/41729 PCT / FIt98 / 00369 inside for the outer rings 89. According to the principle of curvature limiters of the so-called "vertebrae" type, the longitudinal distance between neighboring rings is limited between minimum and maximum values data. In the case of the advantageous example of FIG. 21, the radius minimum of curvature is obtained by mutual support of the lateral edges of the elements 88 on the underside and on the extrados side, by mutual support of a lateral part of a ring 88 and a lateral part of a ring 89. The side parts of the rings 88 and 89 advantageously comprise a annular housing so as to accommodate annular elements in 1 o elastomeric material 90 and 91 disposed respectively between the edges lateral elements 88 and in each space between a part side of a ring 88 and a side portion of a ring 89. The locking of the flexible pipe 1 at its minimum radius of curvature is thus ensured gradually and without shock, by compressing the rings 90 on the side intrados and rings 91 on the extrados side, until contact with the look at the rings respectively 88 and 89. The combination of the element of 6 "ring support with the stiffener 7 allows to realize a device particularly interesting to control curvature because it combines the advantage of curvature limiters which is to limit the curvature to a fixed value while being of relatively limited size, including for maximum high level curvatures, with the ability of stiffening to work in dynamics, while vertebral type limiters known are lnnerities to static applications. Figure 21 illustrates the device in its limit configuration, the flexible pipe 1 having, in the area covered by the support and curvature limiting element 6 "a radius of curvature equal to its minimum value Rm. In the case of the example illustrated, the inner rings 88 being similar to each other, as well as the external rings 89, the limit value of the angle that can make between them the axes of two contiguous rings of the same type, two internal rings 88 for example, has a given value illustrated by the angle 2a in Figure 21.
Alternatively, this angle could vary in the length of the device if the various rings had different dimensions from the back to the front of the device. Angular gaps between successive rings add up, so that the axis of the flexible pipe at the location of the front part of the element 6 "is deflected at an angle 0 with respect to the axis of the terminal end 3.
The rings 88 and 89 are made of hard material and mechanically resistant, especially metallic, the choice of metal depending in particular on the specific conditions of corrosion, or made of plastic, in particular of fiber-reinforced plastic. Rings 89 are preferably made of several elements assemblable, for example in two half-rings. In the case of the example of FIG. 21, the stiffener 7 is mounted on a terminal end 3, the general arrangement being similar to that of the example of Figure 8.
The element 6 "combining the support function of the stiffener 7 and that of limitation of the curvature is fixed on the end piece 3 by a connecting member 35 "'whose anterior part has a staple profile, with a part embossed lateral delimiting a bowl portion, the contour of which is similar to that of a half of a locking ring, for example a ring 89 in the case illustrated here. Like the outer rings 89, the connecting element 35 "is constituted by several assemblable sectors, for example two halves assembled by bolts 92. The surface inside the element 35 "'has a raised part 49 engaged in an annular housing 50 on the surface of the main body 5 of the nozzle.
Since the element 6 "consists of a set of rigid rings, it does not has no mounting bracket such as the support 19 used in the case of various variants of support element 6 mainly consisting of plastic material, and it is directly attached to the connecting piece 35 ''' by stapling between the rearmost ring of the element 6 ", for example an inner ring 88, and the front part of the element 35 ", which presents then the same stapling profile as the outer rings 89. The stiffener 7 is passed around the element 6 "and the connecting member 35"'and fixed to the endpiece 3 by a flange 18 whose inner edge is housed in a recess annular 51 on the surface of the connecting member 35 "'.
In a variant not illustrated, a support and support element of the stiffener 7 and locking the curvature similar to the element 6 "of the FIG. 21 may be used in the case where the stiffener is mounted on a mounting bracket 19 remote end caps. Fixation of such an element 6 "on the mounting support 19 can be done by via a connecting member 35 "which is attached to the element 6"
by stapling in the same way as shown in FIG. 21. The binding member 35 "'being disposed in the radial direction between the flexible pipe 1 and the mounting bracket 19, it can be fixed to the mounting bracket by means similar to those described above for assembling the part posterior 57 of the support 20 with the mounting bracket. We can also, for example, use a square-section necklace similar to the connecting piece 56 illustrated in FIG.
the connecting member 35 "on a cylindrical rear portion 22 of the mounting bracket 19 with bolts 62, as shown in FIG.
Another advantage of the present invention lies in the fact we can mount the stiffener on the flexible pipe after having done the pressure tests, starting from the factory, when driving flexible begins to be implemented in storage means such as baskets on the laying ship.
The present invention is also advantageous in the case of flexible pipe with very large ends. In In particular, the embodiment shown in FIG.
FIG. 20, which makes it possible to produce devices which limit the curvature of extremely high performance that can not be achieved with stiffeners manufactured with existing industrial means. It is so obvious that it is not beyond the scope of the present invention in the case where the stiffener would be installed before mounting the nozzle.
1. Curvature limiting device for a flexible pipe provided with terminal ends disposed at both ends of said flexible pipe, and comprising at least one stiffener which is arranged around a length of said flexible pipe and which is fixed by a rear part on a support recess, characterized in that it further comprises an element support for the stiffener which is arranged between the flexible pipe and the stiffener and which comprises at least one deformable part in flexion which extends over a length of the flexible pipe located at least between rear portion and the front end of the stiffener, said stiffener having a internal diameter greater than the maximum outside diameter of one of the end caps, so that said stiffener can slide around said terminal tip.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the element support is arranged around the flexible pipe before mounting at least one of said end pieces.
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner and outer diameters of said deformable portion of the support member are, in operation, respectively substantially equal to the diameter external of the flexible pipe and the internal diameter of the stiffener.
4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mounting bracket is constituted by a terminal end.
5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the tip terminal comprises a main body having an external diameter equal to maximum diameter, and in that the support element is arranged in front of the anterior end of said main body.
6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the tip terminal comprises a connecting member having a diameter outer diameter equal to the maximum diameter and in that the support element comprises a rear portion disposed around the main body.
7. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the tip terminal comprises a connecting member having a diameter outer diameter equal to the maximum diameter and in that the support element is integral with an annular member disposed between the main body of the mouthpiece and the stiffener.
8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mounting bracket consists of a separate recess said terminal end and disposed around the flexible pipe.
9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the element support is fixed to the installation support and has a radial clearance relative to the outer surface of the flexible pipe, so as to allow relative longitudinal movement between the support element and the flexible pipe.
10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the support element has a crush rate of less than 10%
under a pressure of 10 bar.
11. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the support element is made of flexible plastic material.
Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the element has a Shore A hardness greater than 30.
13. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the support element is made of several sectors arranged around the flexible pipe.
Device according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the support element is constituted by a sleeve provided with slots of the side of the back of the stiffener.
15. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it further comprises heat exchange means.
Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the means heat exchange are constituted by channels in which circulates from Seawater.
Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the channels consist of grooves on the inner surface of the element support.
18. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the channels consist of grooves on the outer surface of the element support.
19. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises a support support resting on the flexible conduit and on the mounting bracket, said support fixation being fixed axially on the one hand to the support element and on the other go, to the embedding support so as to immobilize the support element by relative to the mounting bracket.
Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the support element comprises a cylindrical rear part resting on a cylindrical part of the mounting bracket.
21. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the part cylindrical rear of the support element is arranged outside the part cylindrical mounting bracket.
22. Device according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the attachment of the support element to the mounting bracket in the axial direction of the flexible pipe is ensured by adhesion of the interface between the surfaces facing the rear part of the support element and the part cylindrical mounting bracket.
Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the mounting bracket has an anterior portion having a surface external cone for pressing a rear part of the support element against the inner surface of the mounting bracket.
24. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the mounting bracket has a cylindrical seat resting on the support recess so as to allow the direct installation of the fixing on the mounting bracket.
25. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that it comprises carries a connecting piece applied by bearing spans, on the one hand, against the mounting bracket, and on the other hand, against the support recess, able to allow at least partly the embedding of the mounting bracket on the mounting bracket.
Device according to claim 25, characterized in that the workpiece link is made in at least two assemblable sectors.
27. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the part rear of the support element is attached to the flexible pipe by means clamping device ensuring its retention in the axial direction of the flexible pipe.
28. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the element support is retained in the axial direction of the flexible pipe by adhesion of a zone of the interface of the rear part of the support element with the flexible pipe.
Device according to claim 19, characterized in that has a tight collar around the flexible pipe and attached to the support fastening so as to ensure the axial retention of the support element.
30. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the part rear of the support element is arranged between a cylindrical part of the mounting bracket and the front part of the mounting bracket.
31. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the mounting bracket has a rear cylindrical portion on which is in support of the posterior part of the fixing support.
Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the surfaces facing the front part of the connecting piece and the support fasteners have complementary threads.
33. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the support element has resistance to flexural deformation sufficient to constitute a stiffening element complement the effect of which adds to that of the stiffener to reduce the curvature of the flexible pipe.
34. Device according to claim 33, characterized in that the element support and stiffening is made of a plastic material flexible having a tensile modulus of at least 50 MPa.
35. Device according to claim 34, characterized in that the complementary support and stiffening element comprises fibers of reinforcement embedded in said plastics material.
36. Device according to any one of claims 33 to 35, characterized in that the support element and complementary stiffening has an internal metal frame including elongate elements extending continuously over a certain length, and in that the rear end of said elongate frame members is overtaken relative to the rear end of the support and stiffening member complementary, so as to be anchored by means of attachment to the mounting bracket acting as an internal mounting bracket which is fixed by recess on the mounting bracket.
37. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that the outer surface of the support and internal recess constitutes a range of cylindrical contact resting on a corresponding bearing surface of the support Recessed.
38. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that the outer surface of the internal flush mounting is a range of cylindrical contact resting on a corresponding part of the surface inside the stiffener, the internal mounting support being fixed by embedding on the end cap.
39. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the element support comprises rings made of rigid material.
40. Device according to claim 39, characterized in that the element support consists of metal rings constituting a means of blocking limiting the curvature of the flexible pipe to a maximum value determined, the two circular edges of each ring having nested radial projections with radial projections of the rings contiguous, so that the assembly comprising the stiffener and the element of support and blocking of the curvature constitutes a device for controlling the flexural curvature combining the stiffener and limiter functions of curvature.
41. Device according to claim 40, characterized in that the support and locking element of the curvature comprises rings of nested blocking and whose section is U-shaped alternatively open inwards and outwards.
42. Device according to claim 41, characterized in that the locking rings are separated by annular elastomeric elements put into compression when the rings are moved relative to each other to others, so as to abut in a position corresponding to the locking at said maximum value of the curvature.
43. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the element of support has a flexural deformation resistance sufficient for to be a complementary stiffening element whose effect adds to stiffener to reduce pipe curvature flexible.
44. Device according to claim 43, characterized in that the element support and stiffening is made of a plastic material flexible having a tensile modulus of at least 50 MPa.
45. Device according to claim 44, characterized in that the complementary support and stiffening element comprises fibers of reinforcement embedded in said plastics material.
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CA2255119A1 CA2255119A1 (en) 1998-09-24
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