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High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, PDF
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1 High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau February 2010 This report is available for reference in the FCC s Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, th Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., th Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) , or via their website at The report can also be downloaded from the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site at2 Contents TEXT Introduction...1 Major modifications to the data collection...2 Implications for trend analysis...3 Census tracts and counties...4 Report overview...6 Report highlights...6 Total subscribership by technology...6 Residential subscribership by technology...7 Connection speeds...7 Census tract and county shares of households with high-speed connections...8 Maps of high-speed providers by census tract...8 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics...8 Technical notes...58 Customer response form TABLES 1. High-Speed Connections Advanced Services Connections Residential High-Speed Connections Residential Advanced Services Connections Residential High-Speed Connections by Technology and Speed Total High-Speed Connections by Speed Tier Residential High-Speed Connections by Speed Tier Total High-Speed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier Fixed High-Speed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier Nationwide Number of Providers of High-Speed Connections by Technology Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to County Households, by Technology Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Tract Households, by Technology Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections by Technology High-Speed Connections by Technology by State Percentage of High-Speed Connections by Download Speed by State ADSL High-Speed Connections by State Cable Modem High-Speed Connections by State U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 i3 18. High-Speed Connections by Type of End User by State Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to High-Speed Services by State Providers of High-Speed Connections by Technology by State Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections and Households by State Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to County Households by State Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Tract Households by State...49 CHARTS 1. Fixed High-Speed Connections High-Speed Connections by Technology Fixed Advanced Services Connections Advanced Services Connections by Technology Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections Residential High-Speed Connections by Technology Residential Fixed Advanced Services Connections Residential Advanced Services Connections by Technology Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections , Shares of Selected Technologies Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections , Net Ads for Selected Technologies Distribution of High-Speed Connections by Downstream Speed, Selected Technologies Residential Broadband Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology Distribution of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections by Download Speed Tier Distribution of Residential High-Speed Connections by Download Speed Tier Cumulative Distribution of Residential High-Speed Connections by Download Speed Tier Nationwide Number of Providers of High-Speed Connections, Selected Technologies Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to County Households Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Tract Households Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Households by Income Decile, County Data...51 U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 ii4 20. Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Households by Density Decile, County Data Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles, County Data Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree Median Ratios of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Households by Income and Density, Tract Data...57 MAPS Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections per 1,000 Households by Census Tract...28 Residential Fixed Connections per 1,000 Households by Census Tract, BTOP/BIP Broadband Definition...29 Providers of Fixed High-Speed Connections by Census Tract...30 Providers of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections by Census Tract...31 Providers of Mobile High-Speed Connections by Census Tract...32 U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 iii5 High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 Introduction. Congress directed the Commission and the states, in section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, 1 to encourage deployment of advanced telecommunications capability in the United States on a reasonable and timely basis. To assist in its evaluation of such deployment, in 2000 the Commission instituted a formal data collection program (FCC Form 477), 2 which gathers standardized information about subscribership to high-speed Internet access services from telephone companies, cable system operators, terrestrial wireless service providers, satellite service providers, and any other facilities-based providers of advanced telecommunications capability. 3 This report summarizes information reported for December 31, 2008, which, for the first time, includes details about subscribership differences among census tracts and counties, as well as states U.S.C. 1302(b). Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. L. No , title VII, Sec. 706, 110 Stat. 56, 153 (1996) (1996 Act), as amended in relevant part by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, Pub. L. No , 122 Stat (2008) (BDIA), is now codified in Title 47, Chapter 12 of the United States Code. See 47 U.S.C et. seq. Prior to the BDIA, section 706 was reproduced in the notes to section 157 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the Act). 47 U.S.C. 157 nt. (2008). 2 Local Competition and Broadband Reporting, CC Docket No , Report and Order, 15 FCC Rcd 7717 (2000); Local Telephone Competition and Broadband Reporting, WC Docket No , Report and Order, 19 FCC Rcd (2004). Qualifying entities file FCC Form 477 each year on March 1 (reporting data for the preceding December 31) and September 1 (reporting data for June 30 of the same year). The first data collected were as of December 31, Form 477 collects, and this report summarizes, information about Internet access connections in service to enduser locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user that is, in at least one direction at transfer rates ( speeds ) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about connections in several sub-groupings ( speed tiers ) defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. See Technical Notes, at the end of this report, for information about the technology categories. To provide continuity with published historical data, this particular report uses the term high-speed to describe all reported connections and, additionally, uses the term advanced services to describe the subset of connections with advertised speeds above 200 kbps both to and from the end user (but not necessarily the same speed in each direction). (Consistent with the Form 477 data collection orders, broadband and high-speed are synonyms in footnotes that discuss particular elements of those orders.) In the Form 477 data collection, end users are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. The facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the enduser location and provisions/equips it as broadband, or provisions/equips a broadband wireless channel to the enduser location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. The facilitiesbased providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for resale to end users, and ISPs who are not themselves facilities-based providers do not report. These requirements avoid double-counting of end user connections. When the service retailer is such a reseller ISP, connections must be reported as residential or business connections based on the status of the end user of the ISP s retail Internet access service. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,6 Major modifications to the data collection. For June 30 and December 31 dates from December 1999 through June 2008, Form 477 filers were required to report numbers of high-speed connections in service to end-user locations in each state, broken down by speed tier and technology, and to identify all ZIP Codes in which they had at least one high-speed connection in service to an end-user location. 4 The Commission and others have recognized these requirements as insufficiently granular or precise to inform necessary policymaking, and, in 2008, the Commission significantly improved the data collection. 5 The statistics reported here reflect data as of December 31, 2008, and are the first to be based on data collected under the modified Form 477 requirements. The Commission improved three elements of the data collection: Providers of fixed-location high-speed Internet access connections now report the number of connections in service at the census tract level as well as at the state level. Consequently, this report summarizes information about fixed-location connections in 3,232 counties and 66,287 census tracts. 6 All filers report connections in accordance with an increased number of upload and download transmission speed categories, which now total 72. Mobile wireless service providers report more specific information about mobile wireless Internet access service, as discussed below. 7 4 For the data through June 2008, the Commission required mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers by state and to provide a list of the ZIP Codes that best represented the areas where the provider s mobile wireless broadband service was advertised and available to actual and potential subscribers. Also to obtain information about service availability, as opposed to subscribership, the Commission required incumbent telephone companies to report (starting with the June 30, 2005 data) the extent to which their Digital Subscriber Line service including both asymmetric DSL ( adsl in this report) and symmetric DSL ( sdsl in this report) was available to the housing units in their local telephone service area in the state, and required cable system operators to report the extent to which their cable modem service was available to the housing units in their cable TV service area in the state. 5 Development of Nationwide Broadband Data to Evaluate Reasonable and Timely Deployment of Advanced Services to All Americans, Improvement of Wireless Broadband Subscribership Data, and Development of Data on Interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Subscribership, WC Docket No , Report and Order, 23 FCC Rcd 9691 (2008); Order on Reconsideration, 23 FCC Rcd 9800 (2008). Effective with the filing of data as of December 31, 2008, Form 477 is a Web-based electronic filing system. Information about system mechanics and detailed reporting requirements is available at 6 According to the Census Bureau, there are 66,438 census tracts in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas (e.g., the U.S. Virgin Islands); see Definition: Census tract in results for census tract keyword search at (visited Oct. 26, 2009). For the 2000 decennial census, the Census Bureau assigned a default census tract code of to some coastal and Great Lakes water and territorial sea, and these default-code tracts are not included in the statistics in this report. 7 See pp U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,7 In conjunction with measures underway pursuant to the Broadband Data Improvement Act and the Recovery Act, 8 data collected by the modified Form 477 provide the Commission and the public with a more valuable resource prior collections for evaluating the state of broadband in the country. For example, the statistics reported here depict subscribership to high-speed Internet access services at finer levels of geographic detail was previously possible using the Form 477 data. They also provide more detailed information about connection speeds, including, in particular, information about connections that meet the broadband service definition (advertised speeds of at least 768 kilobits per second (kbps) downstream and 200 kbps upstream to end users) that the Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture, and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Department of Commerce, have adopted to implement the stimulus funding for broadband deployment provisions of the Recovery Act. 9 Implications for trends analysis. Readers interested in historical trends in the Form 477 data should note certain changes to the reporting requirements that were effective in 2005 and in First, the historical series presented in this report begin with data as of June 30, In earlier data from this collection, providers with fewer 250 high-speed connections in service in a particular state were not required to report data for that state. 10 Readers may refer to previous releases of this report for the more extensive data, from December 31, 1999, onward. 11 Second, the modifications adopted for the December 31, 2008, and later, data have caused a one-time decrease in the reported number of high-speed mobile wireless Internet access service connections, from about 60 million in June 2008 to about 25 million in December For reporting periods through June 30, 2008, Form 477 had instructed mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers whose mobile device (such as a wireless modem laptop card, smartphone, or handset) was capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. The Commission found these instructions insufficiently precise to enable it to determine, from the reported data, the number of subscribers making regular use of Internet access service above 200 kbps as part of their mobile service package. Starting with the December 31, 2008 data, therefore, Form 477 requires mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers that have a capable device (as discussed above) for which the subscription includes 8 See 47 U.S.C et seq. (Broadband Data Improvement Act); American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2008, Pub.L , 123 Stat. 115 (2009) (Recovery Act). 9 See Department of Agriculture, Rural Utilities Service, Broadband Initiatives Program, RIN: ZA01, Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Broadband Technology Opportunitites Program, RIN: 0660-ZA28, Notice of Funds Availability, 74 Red. Reg (July 9, 2009) (NTIA/RUS BTOP/BIP NOFA or NOFA). 10 Eliminating the reporting threshold resulted in the number of filers more doubling. However, as of June 30, 2005, filers with fewer 250 connections in a state (including some entities that previously made voluntary submissions) represented about 0.2% of total reported high-speed connections. 11 Previous releases of this report are available at Individual reports may include revisions of previously published statistics. 12 See Table 1. The one-time decrease in high-speed mobile wireless Internet access connections is, in turn, reflected in a one-time decrease in total high-speed Internet access connections for all technologies combined. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,8 a data plan for transferring, on a monthly basis, 13 either a specified or an unlimited amount of data to and from Internet sites of the subscriber s choice, and excluding subscribers whose choice of content is restricted to only customized-for-mobile content (for example, text and multimedia messaging, or the capacity to download ringtones and games). In this report, we refer to these subscribers as having highspeed service subscriptions for full Internet access. 14 Starting with the December 31, 2008, data, providers also must report, explicitly and separately, total subscribers with a device capable of a high-speed connection, irrespective of the service plan purchased. The number of such devices reported for December 2008 was about 86 million. That figure is not directly comparable to mobile wireless connections reported for June 2008 or earlier reporting periods, however, because individual providers to a varying and largely unknown degree included or excluded subscribers with service plans for less full Internet access in the earlier data. Finally, the Form 477 modifications adopted for the December 31, 2008, and later, data specify how mobile wireless providers should distinguish between residential subscribers and other subscribers, and some of these providers consequently reported a larger share of residential subscribers they had reported for earlier dates. 15 Census tracts and counties. The December 31, 2008 data are the most comprehensive to date, with some 1,556 entities submitting 4,491 state-level filings, of which 4,209 included subscription information at the census tract level of detail. 16 We present statistics for census tracts where practicable 13 The Form 477 instructions do not distinguish between prepaid and postpaid monthly service plans. 14 As compared to the modified Form 477 (that is, starting with the December 31, 2008 data), other sources may estimate larger numbers of mobile wireless Internet access service subscribers under less-specific definitions. For example, Nielsen Mobile estimated that, as of May 2008, 15.6% of mobile telephony subscribers (or 40 million subscribers) paid for access to the mobile Internet, either as part of a subscription or on a per-transaction basis, and used a mobile Internet service in the past 30 days. (See, for example, the Commission s Thirteenth Annual CMRS Competition Report, at p. 97; available at By contrast, in their Form 477 filings, mobile wireless providers reported that 25 million subscribers had mobile devices with high-speed data plans for full Internet access at year-end For reporting data through June 30, 2008, the Form 477 instructions allowed mobile wireless providers to estimate the share of subscribers who were residential end users (as opposed to business, government, or institutional end users) based on marketing information (for example, those subscribers who purchased service plans the provider designed primarily to attract residential end users). The Commission observed that the aggregate residential percentage reported under those guidelines (for example, about 11% in the June 30, 2006 data) could understate residential subscribership. Therefore, starting with the December 31, 2008, data, Form 477 requires mobile wireless providers to report, as residential, those subscriptions the provider does not bill to a corporate, non-corporate business, government, or institutional account. In the data reported for December 31, 2008, the aggregate residential percentage reported was 63% (compare Table 3 to Table 1). 16 Because mobile service subscribers may move within and among broadband service areas, the Commission decided, in the 2008 Form 477 modifications, to continue to require mobile wireless service providers to report the number of connections they provide in individual states (with the state determined by the billing address associated with the service subscription) but not the number of subscribers located in individual census tracts. However, each facilities-based mobile wireless provider must report the census tracts in the state that best represent the areas where service is available over the provider s own network, for each of the speed tiers in which the provider offers service. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,9 in this report, but for reasons of accuracy and confidentiality, we present them at the county level in certain situations. 17 We present several maps and charts that are entirely or substantially new. For example, previous reports contained a single map, which counted (at the holding company level) each provider with any fixedlocation connections reported for the ZIP Code and also any mobile wireless service provider who listed the ZIP Code as part of its high-speed service area. By contrast, in this report we provide a map for providers (counted at the holding company level) of any fixed-location connections reported for the census tract and a separate map for providers making mobile wireless high-speed service available. Also, we present an entirely new map showing the number of providers that reported any residential fixedlocation connections, thereby excluding any providers of exclusively business fixed-location connections in the census tract. We also present entirely new maps that are based on our estimates of the share of households with fixedlocation high-speed connections in individual census tracts (that is, census tract-specific estimates of household subscribership, or adoption, rates). In several new charts, we begin to explore relationships between our estimated household adoption rates and demographic factors, for example, median household income, households per square mile, and educational attainment. 18 We primarily illustrate county-level data at this time because there are unresolved anomalies in some census tract data For example, we have used the newly available data to estimate, for individual census tracts, the share of households with high-speed connections over fixed-location technologies, and have found that 10% of census tracts have estimates at or above 100%. The number of such outliers is substantially reduced, to 1%, when estimates are made for individual counties. (Census tracts can easily be aggregated into counties because tracts do not cross county boundaries.) Some misinterpretation of reporting instructions can be expected whenever a substantially modified data collection is implemented for the first time. We are investigating the reasons for these anomalous census tract results and are working with the Form 477 filers to improve the accuracy of the data currently collected and for future collections. Our preliminary assessment is that reasons may include (1) geocoding misallocations in this first collection of data for census tracts (an unfamiliar geography for many filers), with unresolved service locations attributed to a single census tract; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential that is not counterbalanced by underestimation of residential connections in service plans puchased primarily by businesses; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. We also note that the numbers of households in census tracts, which we use to generate the residential share estimates, are themselves estimates, for (We have used GeoLytics, Inc. census block-level estimates of households in 2009, which can be aggregated into estimates for individual census tracts. Other estimates of households by census block or census tract may differ, and any estimate is, by definition, not a complete census.) 18 See Charts 19, 21, and 23, respectively. See also, Charts 20, 22, and 24, which are box plots. In these box plots, the 10% of counties (first decile) that are ranked lowest according to the variable of interest (for example, median household income) are summarized by the box on the far left of the chart, and so on, until the 10% of counties (tenth decile) that are ranked highest according to the variable of interest are summarized by the box on the far right. In most deciles, there are some counties (shown as small, unshaded boxes) that appear to be atypical of their group, and therefore may deserve additional study. 19 See n.17, above. In Chart 25, however, we illustration the relationship, in the collected data as of year-end 2008, between estimated household share of fixed-location high-speed connections and population density (measured by households per square mile), in census tracts with differing income levels. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,10 Report overview. Following a presentation of report highlights, the remainder of the report consists of tables and charts in the following sequence. National data. Updates of four historical trend tables from earlier reports are presented, followed by tables and charts summarizing newly available data. New materials include: - Tables summarizing connections reported in 72 combinations of upstream and downstream transmission speeds, and charts comparing that information to the NTIA/RUS BTOP/BIP NOFA definition of broadband service. - Charts and maps summarizing differences among the 3,232 counties and 66,287 census tracts in the estimated share of households with fixed-location high-speed Internet access connections. State data. Certain historical trend tables from earlier reports are updated, and a new table summarizes the expanded information about connection speeds. County and census tract data. New tables explore, in greater detail, estimated shares of households with fixed-location high-speed Internet access service in different geographies. By contrast to the national summary information, these tables present detailed results for the counties and census tracts in individual states. Preliminary analysis of demographic factors. Charts are introduced to illustrate relationships to demographic factors, for example, income and educational attainment. Readers should note that, consistent with our past practices for this report, publicly available detailed information that supplements the report will be made available electronically on the Wireline Competition Bureau s website. 20 Report highlights Total subscribership by technology (Table 1) High-speed Internet access connections to homes and businesses over fixed-location technologies increased by 10% during 2008, to 77 million. By contrast, the annual rate of increase was 17% during See, for example, items posted under the subheading Miscellaneous data from FCC Form 477 at U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,11 At year-end 2008, 25 million mobile wireless service subscribers had mobile devices (such as laptops and smartphones) with high-speed data plans for full Internet access. By contrast, at that time there were 86 million subscribers whose mobile device was capable of transmitting information at speeds above 200 kbps, including subscribers who purchased only a voice service plan for the handset, subscribers whose data service included only customized-for-mobile content (for example, text and multimedia messaging, or the capacity to download ringtones and games), and the 25 million subscribers with data plans for full Internet access. Because reporting practices previously varied among providers to a largely unknown degree, neither of the December 2008 figures is directly comparable to mobile wireless high-speed connections reported for earlier dates. Reported connections for the most widely adopted fixed-location technologies, cable modem and adsl, increased by 14% and 3%, respectively, during 2008, to 41 million cable modem connections and 30 million adsl connections, with the cable modem increase being partly due to more comprehensive reporting by small cable systems. A 56% increase in total fiber-to-thepremises ( FTTP ) connections, to 3 million, was the largest rate of change among the fixedlocation technologies. Residential subscribership by technology (Table 3) There were 86 million residential high-speed connections at year-end 2008, of which 70 million were fixed-technology connections and 16 million were mobile wireless subscribers with data plans for full Internet access. Of the 86 million residential high-speed connections at year-end 2008, cable modem represented 46%, adsl represented 31%, mobile wireless subscribers with data plans for full Internet access represented 18%, FTTP represented 3%, and all other technologies represented 1%. At year-end 2005, by contrast, there were roughly half as many residential high-speed connections (44 million), of which cable modem represented 58%, adsl represented 40%, and all other technologies represented 2%. Residential FTTP connections increased by 61% during 2008 while residential adsl high-speed connections were essentially unchanged. Together, residential adsl and FTTP connections increased by 4% during 2008, to 29 million. Connection speeds (Tables 5-7) Of the 102 million total (combined residential and business) high-speed connections at year-end 2008, 86 million (or 84% or the total) were faster 200 kbps in both upstream and downstream directions, 77% met the NOFA definition of broadband service (with 768 kbps or higher advertised downstream speeds and upstream speeds above 200 kbps), 49% had downstream speeds of 3 megabits per second (mbps) or more and upload speeds above 200 kbps, 34% had downstream speeds of 6 mbps or more and upload speeds above 200 kbps, and 11% had downstream speeds of 10 mbps or more and upload speeds above 200 kbps. For fixed-location technologies as a group, 89% of connections met the NOFA definition of broadband service. Among mobile wireless subscribers whose subscription included a data plan for full Internet access, 41% of subscriptions met the NOFA definition. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,12 Of the 86 million residential high-speed connections reported at year-end 2008, 69 million (or 80% of the total) met the NOFA definition of broadband service. Of these, 56% were cable modem, 31% were adsl, 4% were FTTP, 9% were mobile wireless subscribers with data plans for full Internet access, and 1% were a technology other these. Of the 17 million residential high-speed connections reported at year-end 2008 that did not meet the NOFA definition of broadband service, 56% were mobile wireless subscribers with data plans for full Internet access, 31% were adsl, 8% were cable modem, 3% were satellite, 1% were fixed wireless, and 1% were a technology other these. Census tract and county shares of households with high-speed connections (Charts 17 and 18, and two maps following Table 12) For the first time in the Form 477 data collection, data are available to estimate the share of households with fixed-location high-speed Internet access connections in individual census tracts and counties. Our estimates indicate that there are substantial areas of relatively low and relatively high household adoption around the national average. Particularly for census tracts, we find estimates above 100% for the share of households with fixed-location high-speed Internet access connections. These results suggest that there may have been some reporting errors in the initial collection of information by census tract. 21 Maps of high-speed providers by census tract New maps depict the number of providers of high-speed connections by census tract. These maps are similar to previously published maps of providers by ZIP Code, but differ in important respects. Instead of a single map combining providers of connections over all technologies and to both residential and business end users, now three maps depict: (1) providers of total (combined residential and business) fixed-location connections, (2) providers of residential fixed-location connections, and (3) providers making mobile wireless high-speed service available. Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics (Charts 19-25) For the first time, the report includes charts illustrating the relationship between household subscribership, or adoption, rates and demographic factors, such as median household income, household density, and educational attainment. The exploratory data analysis presented in the report indicates that some demographic variables matter in explaining geographic variations in the adoption of high-speed Internet access service. * * * * We invite users of this information to provide suggestions for improved analysis of data presented in this report by using the attached customer response form or by ing comments to for subject: Dec 2008 high speed data. We encourage users of this information to provide suggestions for improved data collection by participating in any formal proceedings undertaken by the Commission to solicit comments for improvement of FCC Form See n.17, above. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,13 1 Table 1 High-Speed Connections (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 42,518 50,930 64,992 82, , , , ,043 Total Fixed 42,138 47,803 53,975 60,238 65,681 70,206 73,123 76,926 adsl 16,316 19,515 22,584 25,413 27,793 29,449 29,964 30,190 sdsl Other Wireline Cable Modem 24,017 26,558 29,173 31,982 34,404 36,507 38,190 41,468 FTTP ,281 1,849 2,346 2,881 Satellite Fixed Wireless Power Line and Other Mobile Wireless ,128 11,017 22,288 35,305 51,016 59,691 25,117 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. The changes, and their effect on the reported data, are explained at pp. 3-4 of the report text. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 1 Fixed High-Speed Connections ,000 Connections in Thousands 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Chart 2 High-Speed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2008 FTTP 2.8% adsl 29.6% Cable Modem 40.6% All Other 1.4% Satellite 0.9% Mobile Wireless 24.6% U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,14 2 Table 2 Advanced Services Connections (Connections over 200 kbps in both directions, in thousands) Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 37,333 43,592 50,838 59,505 69,619 80,254 88,414 85,865 Total Fixed 37,311 43,510 48,923 55,015 60,429 64,907 68,189 71,320 adsl 13,176 15,921 18,310 21,144 23,657 25,244 26,132 26,562 sdsl Other Wireline Cable Modem 22,745 26,294 28,893 31,594 33,936 36,165 37,849 40,415 FTTP ,279 1,845 2,344 2,876 Satellite Fixed Wireless Power Line and Other Mobile Wireless ,914 4,491 9,190 15,347 20,226 14,545 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 See footnote 2, Table 1. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 3 Fixed Advanced Services Connections ,000 Connections in Thousands 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Chart 4 Advanced Services Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2008 FTTP 3.3% adsl 30.9% Cable Modem 47.1% All Other 0.9% Mobile Wireless 16.9% Other Wireline 0.8% U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,15 3 Table 3 Residential High-Speed Connections (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 38,696 43,965 50,941 58,344 66,173 73,984 79,090 85,966 Total Fixed 38,694 43,956 49,784 55,652 60,628 64,875 67,554 70,148 adsl 14,443 17,371 20,152 22,768 24,962 26,475 26,950 26,481 sdsl Other Wireline Cable Modem 23,578 25,714 28,388 31,118 33,336 35,341 36,901 39,788 FTTP ,153 1,683 2,139 2,715 Satellite Fixed Wireless Power Line and Other Mobile Wireless ,157 2,692 5,545 9,109 11,536 15,818 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 See footnote 2, Table 1. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 5 Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections ,000 Connections in Thousands 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Chart 6 Residential High-Speed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2008 FTTP 3.2% adsl 30.8% Cable Modem 46.3% All Other 1.4% Mobile Wireless 18.4% U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,16 4 Table 4 Residential Advanced Services Connections (Connections over 200 kbps in both directions, in thousands) Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 34,445 40,323 46,585 53,648 61,371 69,148 74,458 74,333 Total Fixed 34,443 40,314 45,428 50,956 55,825 60,040 62,934 65,051 adsl 11,731 14,242 16,416 18,878 21,106 22,556 23,315 23,039 sdsl Other Wireline Cable Modem 22,324 25,533 28,159 30,771 32,916 35,035 36,600 38,779 FTTP ,151 1,680 2,137 2,710 Satellite Fixed Wireless Power Line and Other Mobile Wireless ,157 2,692 5,545 9,108 11,525 9,281 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 See footnote 2, Table 1. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 7 Residential Fixed Advanced Services Connections ,000 Connections in Thousands 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Chart 8 Residential Advanced Services Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2008 FTTP 3.6% adsl 31.0% Cable Modem 52.2% All Other 0.7% Mobile Wireless 12.5% U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,17 5 Chart 9 Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections (Shares of Selected Technologies) Percentage of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec adsl Cable Modem All Other Fixed Chart 10 Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections (Net Adds for Selected Technologies) 6,000 5,000 5,404 5,398 4,223 4,447 Connections in Thousands 4,000 3,000 2,000 3,707 1,292 1, Dec 2005 to Dec 2006 Dec 2006 to Dec 2007 Dec 2007 to Dec 2008 adsl Cable Modem All Other Fixed U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,18 6 Chart 11 Distribution of High-Speed Connections by Downstream Speed Selected Technologies as of December 31, % % 80% % 60% 9.0 Percent 50% 40% % % % % (a) 200 kbps and less 768 kbps (b) At least 768 kbps and less 1.5 mbps (c) At least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps (d) At least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps (e) At least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps (f) At least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps (g) At least 25 mbps adsl Cable Modem FTTP Mobile Wireless All Other U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,19 7 Table 5 Residential High-Speed Connections by Technology and Speed as of December 31, 2008 (Connections in thousands) Technology At Most 200 kbps Upstream or less 768 kbps Downstream Over 200 kbps Upstream and at least 768 kbps Downstream Total adsl 5,318 21,163 26,481 sdsl Other Wireline Cable Modem 1,327 38,461 39,788 FTTP 19 2,695 2,715 Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless 9,465 6,353 15,818 Power Line and Other Total 16,901 69,066 85,966 # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 12 Residential Broadband Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology as of December 31, 2008 FTTP 3.9% adsl 30.6% All Other 0.6% Mobile Wireless 9.2% Cable Modem 55.7% Note: The BTOP/BIP broadband definition is advertised speeds of at least 768 kbps downstream and 200 kbps upstream to end users. See also p. 3 of the report text. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,20 8 Table 6 Total High-Speed Connections by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2008 (Connections in thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Technology Download over 200 kbps and less 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps Subtotal Download over 200 kbps and less 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps and less 1.5 mbps Download at least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps Download at least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps Download at least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps Download at least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps Download at least 25 mbps Subtotal Total adsl 1,174 2,455 3,628 2,080 5,969 9,252 8, # 26,562 30,190 sdsl * 4 # * # Other Wireline Cable Modem , ,171 1,696 5,756 21,967 9, ,415 41,468 FTTP , ,876 2,881 Satellite * * * * Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless 7,576 2,996 10,572 4,296 8,364 1, ,545 25,117 Power Line and Other * * * * 0 * Total 9,769 6,409 16,178 7,052 15,839 13,428 15,060 22,804 11, , ,043 Percentages adsl sdsl * * Other Wireline Cable Modem FTTP Satellite * * * * Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other * * * * 0.0 * Total # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,21 9 Table 7 Residential High-Speed Connections by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2008 (Connections in thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Technology Download over 200 kbps and less 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps Subtotal Download over 200 kbps and less 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps and less 1.5 mbps Download at least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps Download at least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps Download at least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps Download at least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps Download at least 25 mbps Subtotal Total adsl 1,094 2,348 3,442 1,876 5,466 7,912 7, # 23,039 26,481 sdsl * 1 # * Other Wireline # # Cable Modem , ,111 1,553 5,353 21,355 9, ,779 39,788 FTTP , ,710 2,715 Satellite * * * * Fixed Wireless # Mobile Wireless 4,709 1,828 6,537 2,928 5,079 1, ,281 15,818 Power Line and Other * * * * 0 * Total 6,639 4,995 11,634 5,267 11,835 10,857 13,232 22,027 11, ,333 85,966 Percentages adsl sdsl * * Other Wireline Cable Modem FTTP Satellite * * * * Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other * * * * 0.0 * Total # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,22 10 Chart 13 Distribution of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections by Download Speed Tier as of December 31, % Percentage of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections 30% 20% 10% 6.1% 13.9% 14.1% 18.7% 31.4% 15.7% 0% 0.1% (a) 200 kbps and less 768 kbps (b) At least 768 kbps and less 1.5 mbps (c) At least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps (d) At least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps (e) At least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps (f) At least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps (g) At least 25 mbps Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,23 11 Chart 14 Distribution of Residential High-Speed Connections by Download Speed Tier as of December 31, 2008 Percentage of Residential Fixed and Mobile High-Speed Connections 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 13.8% 17.4% 14.8% 15.4% 25.6% 12.8% 0.1% (a) 200 kbps and less 768 kbps (b) At least 768 kbps and less 1.5 mbps (c) At least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps (d) At least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps (e) At least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps (f) At least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps (g) At least 25 mbps Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,24 12 Chart 15 Cumulative Distribution of Residential High-Speed Connections by Download Speed Tier as of December 31, % 90% 80% 70% Cumulative Percent 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% (a) 200 kbps and less 768 kbps (b) At least 768 kbps and less 1.5 mbps (c) At least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps (d) At least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps (e) At least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps (f) At least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps (g) At least 25 mbps Download Speed All Technologies Fixed Technologies Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,25 13 Table 8 Total High-Speed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2008 (Connections in thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Customer Class 200 kbps and less 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 9,769 3,191 3, # * * 16,178 % Residential kbps and less 768 kbps Total Connections 7,046 7,577 8,782 9,050 7,515 1,465 * * 41,436 % Residential At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections 3 8,262 4,098 4,954 14,469 * 1 * 34,978 % Residential At least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps Total Connections 2 # ,603 * * 7,803 % Residential At least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps Total Connections * * , * 1,405 % Residential At least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps Total Connections * * * * 0 41 % Residential At least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps Total Connections 0 0 * * * * 155 % Residential At least 25 mbps and less 100 mbps Total Connections * * * 22 # 22 % Residential At least 100 mbps Total Connections * * 26 % Residential Total Total Connections 16,822 19,030 16,628 15,075 22,806 11, ,043 % Residential # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,26 14 Table 9 Fixed High-Speed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2008 (Connections in thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Customer Class 200 kbps and less 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 2,193 3,078 * 16 2 * * * 5,606 % Residential kbps and less 768 kbps Total Connections 2,750 6,553 8,435 * 7,515 1,465 * * 35,769 % Residential At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections * 4,954 14,469 3,182 1 * 26,238 % Residential At least 1.5 mbps and less 3 mbps Total Connections 2 # * ,603 * * 7,665 % Residential At least 3 mbps and less 6 mbps Total Connections * * , * 1,405 % Residential At least 6 mbps and less 10 mbps Total Connections * * * * 0 41 % Residential At least 10 mbps and less 25 mbps Total Connections 0 0 * * * * 155 % Residential At least 25 mbps and less 100 mbps Total Connections * * * 22 # 22 % Residential At least 100 mbps Total Connections * * 26 % Residential Total Total Connections 4,950 10,553 11,998 14,937 22,806 11, ,926 % Residential # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,27 15 Table 10 Nationwide Number of Providers of High-Speed Connections by Technology (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec adsl sdsl Other Wireline Cable Modem FTTP Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total 1,270 1,345 1,327 1,396 1,374 1,399 1,395 1,554 Note: Multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 16 Nationwide Number of Providers of High-Speed Connections Selected Technologies Number of Providers Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 adsl Cable Modem FTTP Mobile Wireless U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,28 16 Chart 17 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to County Households as of December 31, % Number of Counties 3,232 Median % % Percentage of Counties 8% 6% % % % >=1 Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to County Households Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates; and Census U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,29 17 Table 11 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to County Households by Technology as of December 31, 2008 Technology Zero 0 and no more 5% Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to County Households 5 and no more 10% 10 and no more 20% 20 and no more 30% 30 and no more 40% 40 and no more 50% 50 and no more 60% 60 and no more 75% 75 and no more 100% 100% or more adsl sdsl Other Wireline Cable Modem FTTP Satellite Fixed Wireless Power Line All Other Total Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates; and Census U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,30 18 Chart 18 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Tract Households as of December 31, Number of Tracts 66,287 Median Percentage of Tracts >=2 Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Tract Households Note: Ratios over 2 were set to 2. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates; and Census U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,31 19 Table 12 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Tract Households by Technology as of December 31, 2008 Technology Zero 0 and no more 5% Ratio of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections to Tract Households 5 and no more 10% 10 and no more 20% 20 and no more 30% 30 and no more 40% 40 and no more 50% 50 and no more 60% 60 and no more 75% 75 and no more 100% 100% or more adsl sdsl Other Wireline Cable Modem FTTP Satellite Fixed Wireless Power Line All Other Total Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates; and Census U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,32 Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections per 1,000 Households by Census Tract FCC Form 477 Data as of December 31, 2008 Symbology Connections per 1000 Households Zero Zero < x <= < x <= < x <= < x <= < x A l a s k a This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2009 estimates from Geolytics. Household counts for the territories are from Census For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. P u e r t o R i c o H a w a i i U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,33 Residential Fixed Connections per 1,000 Households by Census Tract (BTOP/BIP Broadband Definition) FCC Form 477 Data as of December 31, 2008 Symbology Connections per 1000 Households Zero Zero < x <= < x <= < x <= < x <= < x A l a s k a This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater 200 kbps upstream and at least 768 kbps downstream. All technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless are included. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2009 estimates from Geolytics. Household counts for the territories are from Census For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. P u e r t o R i c o H a w a i i U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,34 Providers of Fixed High-Speed Connections by Census Tract FCC Form 477 Data as of December 31, 2008 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more A l a s k a This map shows the number of providers of fixed high-speed connections by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts are 2009 estimates from Geolytics. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. P u e r t o R i c o H a w a i i U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,35 Providers of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections by Census Tract FCC Form 477 Data as of December 31, 2008 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more A l a s k a This map shows the number of providers of fixed high-speed connections by census tract. A provider is counted only if it reported residential connections in the tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts are 2009 estimates from Geolytics. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. P u e r t o R i c o H a w a i i U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31,36 Providers of Mobile High-Speed Connections by Census Tract FCC Form 477 Data as of December 31, 2008 Symbology Providers (Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more A l a s k a This map shows the number of potential providers of mobile high-speed connections by census tract. Providers are counted if they indicated that mobile high-speed service is available in a tract. Mobile high-speed service has information transfer rates greater 200 kbps in at least one direction. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts are 2009 estimates from Geolytics. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. P u e r t o R i c o H a w a i i U.S. Federal Communications Commission High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, View more
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