Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US6544167?dq=ascentive
Timestamp: 2016-02-10 18:12:54
Document Index: 459897426

Matched Legal Cases: ['art. 2', 'art. 4', 'art. 8', 'art. 9', 'art. 11', 'art 12', 'art 12']

Patent US6544167 - Ventricular restoration patch - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA ventricular patch to restore the ventricular architecture of the heart includes a sheet of biocompatible material having a generally oval configuration, and a continuous ring fixed to the sheet. The ring has a generally oval configuration similar to the generally oval configuration of the sheet of...http://www.google.com/patents/US6544167?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6544167 - Ventricular restoration patchAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6544167 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/860,699Publication dateApr 8, 2003Filing dateMay 17, 2001Priority dateMay 1, 1998Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS6837247, US7594886, US7914438, US20020026092, US20030191538, US20050119520, US20100081869Publication number09860699, 860699, US 6544167 B2, US 6544167B2, US-B2-6544167, US6544167 B2, US6544167B2InventorsGerald D. Buckberg, Constantine L. AthanasuleasOriginal AssigneeCorrestore, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (37), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (61), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetVentricular restoration patch
US 6544167 B2Abstract
What is claimed is: 1. A ventricular patch to restore the ventricular architecture of the heart, comprising:
a sheet of biocompatible material having a longitudinally elongated configuration; a continuous ring fixed to the sheet and having a longitudinally elongated configuration similar to the longitudinally elongated configuration of the sheet of biocompatible material, the ring defining a central longitudinally elongated region of the patch inside the ring and a circumferential region of the patch outside of the ring, the central longitudinally elongated region having a length and a width, the ratio of the length to the width being 4:1, wherein the ventricular patch is sized and configured to be positioned within the ventricle to restore the conical apex of the heart. 2. The ventricular patch of claim 1, wherein the central longitudinally elongated region has a length of 4 cm and a width of 1 cm.
3. A ventricular patch to restore the ventricular architecture of the heart, comprising:
a sheet of biocompatible material having a longitudinally elongated configuration; a continuous ring fixed to the sheet and having a longitudinally elongated configuration similar to the longitudinally elongated configuration of the sheet of biocompatible material, the ring defining a central longitudinally elongated region of the patch inside the ring and a circumferential region of the patch outside of the ring, the central longitudinally elongated region having a length and a width, the ratio of the length to the width being greater than 2:1, wherein the ventricular patch is sized and configured to be positioned within the ventricle to restore the conical apex of the heart. 4. The ventricular patch of claim 3, wherein the central longitudinally elongated region has a length ranging from 2 cm to 8 cm and a width ranging from 0.5 cm to 1 cm.
5. The ventricular patch of claim 3, wherein the ratio of the length to the width is 4:1.
6. The ventricular patch of claim 3, wherein the central longitudinally elongated region has a length of 4 cm and a width of 1 cm.
7. A ventricular patch to restore the ventricular architecture of the heart, comprising:
a sheet of biocompatible material having a longitudinally elongated configuration; a continuous ring fixed to the sheet and having a longitudinally elongated configuration similar to the longitudinally elongated configuration of the sheet of biocompatible material, the ring defining a central longitudinally elongated region of the patch inside the ring and a circumferential region of the patch outside of the ring, the central longitudinally elongated region having a length ranging from 2 cm to 8 cm, a width ranging from 0.5 cm to 1 cm, and the ratio of the length to the width being greater than 2:1, wherein the ventricular patch is sized and configured to be positioned within the ventricle to restore the conical apex of the heart. 8. A ventricular patch to restore the ventricular architecture of the heart, comprising:
a sheet of biocompatible material having a longitudinally elongated configuration, a length, and a width, the ratio of the length to the width being 4:1, wherein the ventricular patch is sized and configured to be positioned within the ventricle to restore the conical apex of the heart. 9. The ventricular patch of claim 8, wherein the length is 4 cm and the width is 1 cm.
10. A ventricular patch to restore the ventricular architecture of the heart, comprising:
a sheet of biocompatible material having a longitudinally elongated configuration, a length, and a width, the ratio of the length to the width being greater than 2:1, wherein the ventricular patch is sized and configured to be positioned within the ventricle to restore the conical apex of the heart. 11. The ventricular patch of claim 10, wherein the length ranges from 2 cm to 8 cm and the width ranges from 0.5 cm to 1 cm.
12. The ventricular patch of claim 10, wherein the ratio of the length to the width is 4:1.
13. The ventricular patch of claim 10, wherein the longitudinally elongated configuration has a length of 4 cm and a width of 1 cm.
14. A ventricular patch to restore the ventricular architecture of the heart, comprising:
a sheet of biocompatible material having a longitudinally elongated configuration with a length ranging from 2 cm to 8 cm, a width ranging from 0.5 cm to 1 cm, and the ratio of the length to the width being greater than 2:1, wherein the ventricular patch is sized and configured to be positioned within the ventricle to restore the conical apex of the heart.
This is a continuation-in-part of pending prior application Ser. No. 09/481,755 filed on Jan. 11, 2000, which is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 09/071,817 filed May 1, 1998 which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,024,096 on Feb. 15, 2000.
FIG. 12B is a cross section view taken along lines 12B—12B of FIG. 12A and illustrating the sheet material in a concave configuration;
FIG. 14 is a circumferential cross section taken along lines 14—14 of FIG. 13;
FIG. 16 is a cross section view of the patch taken along lines 16—16 of FIG. 15;
On the backside, the heart 12 has an inferior wall that is not curved or linear, but rather flat or slightly spherical in configuration. This inferior wall extends from the antero-ventricular junction 42, at the wide area of the heart, toward the apex 37.
As the ischemia progresses through its various stages, the affected myocardium dies losing its ability to contribute to the pumping action of the heart. The ischemic muscle is no longer capable of contracting so it cannot contribute to either squeezing or the twisting motion required to pump blood. This non-contracting issue is said to be akinetic. In severe cases the akinetic tissue, which is not capable of contracting, is in fact elastic so that blood pressure tends to develop a bulge or expansion of the chamber. This is particularly detrimental as the limited pumping action available, as the heart 12 loses even more of its energy to pumping the bulge instead of the blood.
Ventricular volume is not excessive or >100 ml/m2 left ventricular end systolic volume. The akinetic lateral wall may contain non-functional (contractile tissue) that is hibernating. This indicates viable tissue that improves contraction several months after complete revascularization or when ventricular volume is reduced to produce a more normal ventricular contour (i.e. ellipse). This recovery after revascularization can occur only when ventricular volume is not very large, or the left ventricular end systolic volume index >100 ml/m2. This aspect of recovery of akinetic hibernating muscle is potentially important when the ventricular shape is changed surgically to go from a sphere (failing heart) to a conical or apical (more normal configuration) contour.
After the preferred location of the patch 72 has been determined relative to the circumferential line 70, a continuous Fontan stitch 74 can be placed in proximity to the line 70 as illustrated in FIG. 9. This stitch 74 produces an annular protrusion 76 which forms a neck 78 relative to the imaginary line 70. This neck 78 initially may have a round circular configuration as illustrated in FIG. 9. However, as the suture 74 is tightened, the musculature of the myocardium will form a natural oval shape as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is this oval-shaped neck 78, formed by the Fontan stitch 74, which in its natural ovoid shape is particularly adapted to receive the patch 72 of the present invention.
Having closed the left ventricular cavity 25 with the patch 72, one may proceed to address any bleeding which may have resulted from placement of the Fontan stitch 74 or the sutures 105, especially from the region of the septum 41. Such bleeding, illustrated by the reference numeral 112 in FIG. 23, will typically occur in close proximity to the neck 78 and beneath the region covered by the rim or flange 93 associated with the material 81 of the patch 72. This bleeding can normally be stopped by merely placing a suture through the ventricular wall 38 and the rim 93 at the point of bleeding. A pledget 114 can be used to tie the suture 105 with the rim 93 closely held against the bleeding wall 38. This reinforcing stitch, acting in combination with the rim 93 of the patch 72, will usually stop any bleeding associated with the sutures.
In the embodiment of the patch where the internal oval 91 is more linear or longitudinally elongated (e.g., 10�40 mm internal oval), the method of patch closure produces an oblique line. The lower margin is at the apex, adjacent to the right or apical side of the anterior papillary muscle. The closure extends from the lateral ventricle toward the septum, that progressed along an intraventricular line to approximately 2 cm below the aortic valve on the septum. The open width of the patch is ˜1 cm (within the oval) so that the suture which runs along the patch margins can be used for hemostasis.
It may be found that muscle function will be restored to some remote areas following the altered ventricular architecture. Although not fully understood, it is believed that this restoration procedure improves remote segmental myocardial contractility by reducing the wall tension and stress in the myocardium due to a reduction in ventricular volume. The stress equation states that Stress = P � R 2  h where
Placement of patch 72 can be further enhanced by providing in the patch kit a plurality of sizing disks which can be individually held in proximity to the Fontan neck in order to determine appropriate patch size. Similar discs, triangular in shape may be used for the inferior restoration process. The disks might have a generally planar configuration, and of course, would vary in size. Each disk might have a centrally located handle extending from the planar disk for ease of use. The patch 72 could be removably mounted on a holder also including a disk, on which the patch is mounted, and an elongate handle extending from the disk to facilitate placement.
It is believed that cardioplegia arrest maybe deleterious to ventricular function in the open ventricle because of nonuniform flow distribution. By avoiding this cardioplegia arrest and operating on a beating heart, aortic cross clamping as well as the use of inter-aortic balloons and ventricular assist devices can be avoided. Patch placement can be intraoperatively adjusted guided by echo or radio nucleotide data. Placement of the patch is further simplified by creation of the Fontan neck 78, and use of interrupted felt or pericardial pledgeted sutures 105. The circumferential rim 93 associated with the patch 72 facilitates bleeding control without distortion of the patch 72. Finally, using a vest-over-pants closure of the excluded ventricle obliterates dead space and provides security against patch leaks and resultant expansion between the site of closure of the ejecting ventricle with the patch, and where the excluded muscle is closed by the excluded ventricle.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3279464Dec 30, 1963Oct 18, 1966Univ Iowa State Res Found IncMyocardial prosthetic deviceUS3656185Feb 4, 1970Apr 18, 1972Rhone Poulenc SaCardiac valvular support prosthesisUS3874388Feb 12, 1973Apr 1, 1975Ochsner Med Found AltonShunt defect closure systemUS3983863Jun 2, 1975Oct 5, 1976American Hospital Supply CorporationHeart support for coronary artery surgeryUS4042979Jul 12, 1976Aug 23, 1977Angell William WValvuloplasty ring and prosthetic methodUS4055861Apr 9, 1976Nov 1, 1977Rhone-Poulenc IndustriesSupport for a natural human heart valveUS4164046May 16, 1977Aug 14, 1979Cooley DentonValve prosthesisUS4204283May 3, 1978May 27, 1980National Research Development CorporationProsthetic valveUS4217665Jun 22, 1976Aug 19, 1980Societe D'utilisation Scientifique Et Industrielle Du Froid - UsifroidProsthesis for use in valvuloplastyUS4366581Sep 2, 1981Jan 4, 1983Medical IncorporatedElliptical suturing cuffUS4602911Jan 25, 1985Jul 29, 1986General Resorts S.A.Adjustable ringprosthesisUS4690134Jul 1, 1985Sep 1, 1987Snyders Robert VVentricular assist deviceUS4821723Feb 27, 1987Apr 18, 1989Intermedics Inc.Biphasic waveforms for defibrillationUS4827932 *Feb 27, 1987May 9, 1989Intermedics Inc.Implantable defibrillation electrodesUS4917089Aug 29, 1988Apr 17, 1990Sideris Eleftherios BButtoned device for the transvenous occlusion of intracardiac defectsUS4957477May 9, 1989Sep 18, 1990Astra Tech AbHeart assist jacket and method of using itUS4973300Sep 22, 1989Nov 27, 1990Pioneering Technologies, Inc.Cardiac sling for circumflex coronary artery surgeryUS5041130Nov 30, 1989Aug 20, 1991Baxter International Inc.Flexible annuloplasty ring and holderUS5104407Sep 20, 1990Apr 14, 1992Baxter International Inc.Selectively flexible annuloplasty ringUS5131905Jul 16, 1990Jul 21, 1992Grooters Ronald KExternal cardiac assist deviceUS5192314Dec 12, 1991Mar 9, 1993Daskalakis Michael KSynthetic intraventricular implants and method of insertingUS5258000Nov 25, 1991Nov 2, 1993Cook IncorporatedTissue aperture repair deviceUS5366460 *Aug 24, 1992Nov 22, 1994Cook IncorporatedApparatus and method for laparoscope hernia repairUS5425744Apr 18, 1994Jun 20, 1995C. R. Bard, Inc.Occluder for repair of cardiac and vascular defectsUS5433727Aug 16, 1994Jul 18, 1995Sideris; Eleftherios B.Centering buttoned device for the occlusion of large defects for occludingUS5451235Apr 14, 1994Sep 19, 1995C.R. Bard, Inc.Occluder and method for repair of cardiac and vascular defectsUS5507811Nov 15, 1994Apr 16, 1996Nissho CorporationProsthetic device for atrial septal defect repairUS5571172Aug 15, 1994Nov 5, 1996Origin Medsystems, Inc.Method and apparatus for endoscopic graftingUS5607471Aug 21, 1995Mar 4, 1997Jacques SeguinProsthetic ring for heart surgeryUS5634931 *Sep 29, 1994Jun 3, 1997Surgical Sense, Inc.Hernia mesh patches and methods of their useUS5702343Oct 2, 1996Dec 30, 1997Acorn Medical, Inc.Cardiac reinforcement deviceUS5800528Dec 29, 1995Sep 1, 1998Abiomed R & D, Inc.Passive girdle for heart ventricle for therapeutic aid to patients having ventricular dilatationUS5813975Nov 7, 1995Sep 29, 1998Valenti; GabrieleDouble layer dynamic prosthesis for surgical treatment of the inguinal herniaUS6280453 *Feb 11, 1999Aug 28, 2001Bard Asdi Inc.Hernia mesh patch with stiffener line segmentWO1991019465A1Jun 4, 1991Dec 26, 1991Robert William Mayo FraterMitral heart valve replacementsWO1993013712A1Jan 21, 1993Jul 22, 1993Univ MinnesotaSeptal defect closure deviceWO1999056655A1Jan 29, 1999Nov 11, 1999Constantine I AthanasuleasAnterior segment coronary restoration apparatus and method* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Author Unknown, Date Unknown (Videotape given to one of the applicants after Dec. 24, 1997), Rocontrucao da geometria ventricular esquerda com prot�g� semi-rigida de pericardio de bovino (A videotape by the Institue De Molestias Cardiovasculares in Portuguese taken n Brazil of Dr. Braille performing a surgical procedure on a heart).2Bohm, J. et al., "Endoventricular Patch Plasty for Restoration of Ventricular Geometry and Pump Function in Ventricular Aneurysm" Z. Kardio., 85:43-46 Supp. 4. 1996.3Di Donato MD, M. et al., "Early Hemodynamic Results of Left Ventricular Reconstructive Surgery for Anterior Wall Left Ventricular Aneurysm", 886-890; 1992.4Di Donato MD., M. et al., "Akinetic Versus Dyskenetic Postinfarction Scar: Relation to Surgical Outcome in Patients Undergoing Endoventricular Circular Patch Plasty Repair", 1569-1575; 1997.5Dor, V. "Left Ventricular Aneurysms: The Endoventricular Circular Patch Plasty", 123-130; 1997.6Dor, V. "Ventricular remodeling in coronary artery disease", 533-537; 1997.7Dor, V., "Reconstructive Left Ventricular Surgery for Post-Ischemic Akinetic Dilatation", 139-145; 1997.8Dor, V., "The Treatment of Refractory Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia by Endoventricular Patch Plasty Reconstruction of the Left Ventricle", 146-155; 1997.9Emmrich, K. et al., "Contribution to the discussion of the lecture by J. Bohm, Berlin", 47-48; 1996.10Jatene, A.D. et al. "Left ventricular aneurysmectomy", 321-331; 1985.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6681773 *May 24, 2001Jan 27, 2004Chase Medical, Inc.Kit and method for use during ventricular restorationUS6702763 *May 24, 2001Mar 9, 2004Chase Medical, L.P.Sizing apparatus and method for use during ventricular restorationUS6723038Oct 6, 2000Apr 20, 2004Myocor, Inc.Methods and devices for improving mitral valve functionUS6764510Jan 9, 2002Jul 20, 2004Myocor, Inc.Devices and methods for heart valve treatmentUS6808488May 2, 2002Oct 26, 2004Myocor, Inc.External stress reduction device and methodUS6959711Jun 5, 2003Nov 1, 2005Chase Medical, L.P.Kit and method for use during ventricular restorationUS6994093May 24, 2001Feb 7, 2006Chase Medical, L.P.Ventricular restoration shaping apparatus and method of useUS7320665Jul 14, 2006Jan 22, 2008Venkataramana VijayCardiac Ventricular Geometry Restoration Device and Treatment for Heart FailureUS7341584Jul 15, 2003Mar 11, 2008Thomas David StarkeyDevice and method to limit filling of the heartUS7485088Sep 5, 2002Feb 3, 2009Chase Medical L.P.Method and device for percutaneous surgical ventricular repairUS7648532Jan 3, 2006Jan 19, 2010Septrx, Inc.Tissue distention device and related methods for therapeutic interventionUS7666224Jul 7, 2005Feb 23, 2010Edwards Lifesciences LlcDevices and methods for heart valve treatmentUS7678145Jul 1, 2005Mar 16, 2010Edwards Lifesciences LlcDevices and methods for heart valve treatmentUS7695425Feb 17, 2004Apr 13, 2010Edwards Lifesciences LlcHeart wall tension reduction apparatus and methodUS7722523Jul 9, 2002May 25, 2010Edwards Lifesciences LlcTransventricular implant tools and devicesUS7766812Apr 14, 2006Aug 3, 2010Edwards Lifesciences LlcMethods and devices for improving mitral valve functionUS7883539Apr 23, 2002Feb 8, 2011Edwards Lifesciences LlcHeart wall tension reduction apparatus and methodUS7914438Sep 28, 2009Mar 29, 2011Correstore LlcVentricular restoration patchUS7981020Jun 5, 2008Jul 19, 2011Edwards Lifesciences LlcTransventricular implant tools and devicesUS8007428Jan 22, 2008Aug 30, 2011Venkataramana VijayCardiac ventricular geometry restoration device and treatment for heart failureUS8070805Jan 25, 2010Dec 6, 2011Edwards Lifesciences LlcDevices and methods for heart valve treatmentUS8092367Jan 10, 2012Mardil, Inc.Method for external stabilization of the base of the heartUS8128553Dec 12, 2006Mar 6, 2012Mardil, Inc.Method and apparatus for external stabilization of the heartUS8226711Jul 1, 2005Jul 24, 2012Edwards Lifesciences, LlcValve to myocardium tension members device and methodUS8267852Jul 8, 2010Sep 18, 2012Edwards Lifesciences, LlcHeart wall tension reduction apparatus and methodUS8298290Sep 20, 2004Oct 30, 2012Davol, Inc.Implantable prosthesis for soft tissue repairUS8398672Mar 19, 2013Nitinol Devices And Components, Inc.Method for anchoring a medical deviceUS8409239Nov 25, 2009Apr 2, 2013Nitinol Devices And Components, Inc.Medical device anchor and delivery systemUS8460173Sep 11, 2012Jun 11, 2013Edwards Lifesciences, LlcHeart wall tension reduction apparatus and methodUS8506624Dec 2, 2011Aug 13, 2013Edwards Lifesciences, LlcDevices and methods for heart valve treatmentUS8579798Jun 5, 2008Nov 12, 2013Edwards Lifesciences, LlcExternal cardiac stress reduction methodUS8715160Feb 6, 2012May 6, 2014Mardil, Inc.Method and apparatus for external stabilization of the heartUS8758395Jul 19, 2005Jun 24, 2014Septrx, Inc.Embolic filtering method and apparatusUS8845717May 3, 2011Sep 30, 2014Middle Park Medical, Inc.Coaptation enhancement implant, system, and methodUS8888843Jun 22, 2012Nov 18, 2014Middle Peak Medical, Inc.Device, system, and method for transcatheter treatment of valve regurgitationUS9198757Jul 7, 2009Dec 1, 2015Edwards Lifesciences, LlcMethods and devices for improving mitral valve functionUS20020133182 *May 24, 2001Sep 19, 2002Gregory MurphyKit and method for use during ventricular restorationUS20020133227 *May 24, 2001Sep 19, 2002Gregory MurphyVentricular restoration patch apparatus and method of useUS20020173694 *May 6, 2002Nov 21, 2002Myocor, Inc.Stress reduction apparatus and methodUS20030181940 *Jan 23, 2003Sep 25, 2003Gregory MurphyVentricular restoration shaping apparatus and method of useUS20030192561 *Jun 5, 2003Oct 16, 2003Gregory MurphyKit and method for use during ventricular restorationUS20030198919 *Apr 17, 2002Oct 23, 2003Henry HubnerProcess and apparatus for treating an exhaust stream from a dental operatoryUS20040243229 *Jun 15, 2004Dec 2, 2004Myocor, Inc.Devices and methods for heart valve treatmentUS20040249408 *Sep 5, 2002Dec 9, 2004Chase Medical, LpMethod and device for endoscopic surgical ventricular repairUS20050017333 *Sep 10, 2003Jan 27, 2005Bohr Mark T.Interposer and method of making sameUS20050065396 *Jul 27, 2004Mar 24, 2005Myocor, Inc.External stress reduction device and methodUS20050278024 *Apr 25, 2005Dec 15, 2005Gregory MurphyKit and method for use during ventricular restorationUS20060009799 *Jul 19, 2005Jan 12, 2006Kleshinski Stephen JEmbolic filtering method and apparatusUS20060064175 *Sep 20, 2004Mar 23, 2006Edouard PelissierImplantable prosthesis for soft tissue repairUS20060137697 *Oct 6, 2005Jun 29, 2006Chase Medical, L.P.Ventricular restoration shaping apparatus and method of useUS20060199995 *Mar 2, 2005Sep 7, 2006Venkataramana VijayPercutaneous cardiac ventricular geometry restoration device and treatment for heart failureUS20070129598 *Dec 12, 2006Jun 7, 2007Raman JaishankerMethod and apparatus for external stabilization of the heartUS20080161825 *Nov 20, 2007Jul 3, 2008Stout Medical Group, L.P.Anatomical measurement toolUS20080177130 *Jan 22, 2008Jul 24, 2008Venkataramana VijayCardiac Ventricular Geometry Restoration Device and Treatment for Heart FailureUS20080215074 *May 16, 2008Sep 4, 2008Raman JaishankarMethod and apparatus for external stabilization of the heartUS20080319256 *Jun 5, 2008Dec 25, 2008Myocor, Inc.Transventricular implant tools and devicesUS20090275976 *Nov 5, 2009Stout Medical Group, L.P.Embolic filtering method and apparatusUS20100081869 *Sep 28, 2009Apr 1, 2010Buckberg Gerald DVentricular Restoration PatchUS20140046442 *Jul 8, 2013Feb 13, 2014Refine, LlcNonaugmentive mastopexyUS20150018946 *Sep 26, 2014Jan 15, 2015Refine, LlcNonaugmentive mastopexyWO2012033977A1Sep 9, 2011Mar 15, 2012Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc.Method of increasing film tear strength* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification600/37, 600/16, 606/151, 623/11.11International ClassificationA61F2/00, A61F2/24Cooperative ClassificationA61F2/2487, A61F2/2481, A61F2/2445, A61F2/2478European ClassificationA61F2/24W, A61F2/24W2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 6, 2002ASAssignmentAug 8, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 8, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Nov 14, 2014REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedApr 8, 2015LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesMay 26, 2015FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20150408RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services