Source: http://slideplayer.com/slide/3930573/
Timestamp: 2018-06-19 11:07:01
Document Index: 508964385

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 5', 'Art. 5', 'Art\n15', 'Art. 11', 'Art 11', 'Art. 226', 'Art. 228', 'Art 4', 'Art. 228', 'Art. 14', 'Art. 14', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 4', 'Art. 9', 'Art. 14', 'Art 14', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 4', 'Art 9', 'Art. 9', 'Art. 4', 'Art. 10', 'Art. 10', 'Art. 10', 'Art. 226', 'Art. 9', 'Art. 4', 'Art. 12', 'Art. 5', 'Art. 4', 'Art. 4', 'Art. 4', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 8', 'Art. 13', 'Art 228', 'Art. 228', 'Art. 4', 'Art. 5']

European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption The Landfill Directive Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste. - ppt download
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Presentation on theme: "European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption The Landfill Directive Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste."— Presentation transcript:
1 European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption
The Landfill Directive Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
2 To physical stock: 10 tons
What is the Issue ? Source Sink Extraction: 16 tons Disposal: 6 tons Growing technosphere To physical stock: 10 tons 2 t/cap CO2 3.5 t/cap waste 0.5 t/cap agr waste Environment Threats to ecosystem services
3 The Vision: integrating Resources, Products and Waste Policies
Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Resources Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of waste EU 6th ENV Action Programme The EAP sets out a vision in which resource use, product and waste policy are integrated and the EU now has a coherent set of policies addressing resources, product and waste policies in and integrated manner. Taken together these policies have strong links to Sustainable Production and Consumption. Such links between these three policy areas are made to a varying degree in the circular economy and 3R concepts and to a larger extent in the OECD Sustainable Materials Management (SMM) project. SMM is largely inspired by the TS resources and waste. Next steps: 1. An inventory of existing international initiatives that relate to SMM. 2. An overview of existing methodologies and of their potential to inform policy makers on the environmental impacts of materials and where they occur in their life cycle 3. A survey of national policies relating to SMM 4. A workshop on SMM to be held in Brussels end 2007. Integrated Product Policy / Sustainable Production & Consumption Similar policies: Circular Economy, 3Rs, SMM (OECD)
4 Objective: Decoupling
Economic activity (GDP) Decoupling resource use from economic growth: “ more value per kilogram “ Better eco-efficiency: more value per impact Resource use (kg, km2, kW…) The EU aims at an absolute decoupling of environmental impacts from economic activity. We also acknowledge that with the current growth observed worldwide resource use will increase in the future, mainly as a result of large amounts of materials used for infrastructure development. This will be the case in New Member States and, to a much larger dimension, in China, India, …. Spreading EU15 consumption patterns globally would quadruple resource use in 50 years. Therefore we must look for SP&C in EU and globally (e.g. eco-design of products, “green” public and private consumption) Decoupling environmental impact from resource use “ less impacts per kilogram “ Environmental impact (“indicators”) 2005 2030
5 Waste Treatment Operations Framework Legislation
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Waste Framework Dir. (Dir.2006/12/EC, formerly 75/442/EEC) Under revision Waste Streams Waste Treatment Operations Landfill 99/31/EC Sewage Sludge Dir. 86/278/EEC Batteries and Accumulators Dir. 91/157/EEC & 93/86/EEC COM(2003)723 Packaging and Packaging Waste Dir. 94/62/EC PCBs Dir.96/59/EC End-of-life Vehicles Dir 2000/53 EC Hazardous Waste Directive Dir.91/689/EEC Waste Shipment Regulation (Reg. (EEC) 259/93) Just revised – Reg. (EC) 1013/2006 Framework Legislation Incineration 89/369 & 429 (MW) 94/67 (HW) Replaced by 2000/76/EC Mining Waste Dir 2006/21/EC Recycling EU Standards, …, as part of Recycling Strategy Waste oils Dir 75/439/EEC Titanium Dioxide Dir 78/176/EEC Waste electric and electronic equipment Dir.2002/95EC Restriction of Hazardous Substances repeal with WFD revision Simplify in 2006 Up-date in 2007 New proposal in co-decision Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
6 Waste Treatment Operations
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Waste Treatment Operations INCINERATION (2000/76/EC) Covers MW and HW Covers incineration and co-incineration Permitting Emission limit values (air, water) Management of residues Recovery of energy LANDFILL (1999/31/EC) Permitting system Control procedures Technical requirements Reduction of landfill of biodegradable waste Collection of methane and energy recovery Internalisation of costs Interdiction of co-disposal Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
7 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Objectives To prevent or reduce as far as possible negative effects from the landfilling of waste on the environment the global environment human health Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
8 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Key elements of the Directive 3 classes of landfill: (No co-disposal !) landfills for hazardous waste landfills for non-hazardous waste landfills for inert waste Obligation to treat waste before landfilling Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
9 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Key elements (continued) Permit, control and monitoring requirements: - content of authorisation request - conditions for authorisation - financial security - monitoring of water and gas emissions (operation phase/after-care phase) Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
10 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Key elements (continued) Ban of certain wastes: 2003 whole tyres, 2006 shredded tyres liquid waste explosive, corrosive, oxidising, flammable waste infectious hospital and veterinary waste waste not meeting acceptance criteria Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
11 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Key elements (continued) Reduction targets for the landfilling of biodegradable waste (based on data for 1995): 75 % by 2006 50 % by 2009 35 % by 2016 The 2016 target already reached by AT, BE, DK, DE, NL and SE. The 2009 target reached by FR, IT and FI are close to it. The 2006 target has not been reached by ES, PT, IE. UK second worst after Greece. Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
12 Figure 3. Biodegradable municipal waste distance to target, 2002
Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Art. 5 Strategy on biodegradable waste Figure 3. Biodegradable municipal waste distance to target, 2002 (Excluding Luxembourg and the Belgium regions Wallonia and Brussels)
13 Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Art
Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Art. 5 Strategy on biodegradable waste Figure 2a. Tonnes of biodegradable municipal waste Landfilled,
14 Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Art
15 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Technical Annexes Annex I: General requirements (location, protection of soil/water) Annex II: Waste acceptance criteria for landfills (general principles, preliminary criteria) Annex III: Control and monitoring (water, leachate, gas) Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
16 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Waste acceptance procedure, Art. 11 The principles are set out in Art 11. Detailed rules about standardisation of control, sampling and analysis methods are set out in a separate Council Decision. There is little transparency about how waste acceptance criteria are applied in different MS. There is no knowledge about how criteria are applied in the new Member States. Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
17 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Decision on waste acceptance criteria and procedures (2003/33/EC) Objective: landfill only waste that is compatible with the protection afforded by each landfill class. Acceptance procedure: what information to collect, when to test. Acceptance criteria: limit values and/or lists of waste acceptable at a specific landfill class. List of test and sampling methods to be used (developed by CEN). Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
18 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Waste acceptance criteria (continued) Procedure Basic characterisation (including sampling) Compliance testing On-site verification Criteria for three landfill classes, including underground storage. Higher limit values may be authorised for some parameters under certain conditions (case by case decision, no additional risk) This remains a difficult problem. There are waste streams exceeding the limit values set in the WAC. Chloride and sulphate residues from incineration Asbestos mixed with organic residues Dredging material Galvanic residues with too high DOC Shredder residues (cars/electronic equipment) Saline waste streams Wet waste from clinical waste incineration Fluorides from aluminium processing. A broader discussion has to take place as to how to deal with these difficult waste streams in a way that the WAC can be complied with. AT will organize a workshop on WAC around June/July 2007 More information on how criteria and procedures for the acceptance of waste ar implemented by Member States is expected from a study to be finalized by the end of 2007. 2005 study from CoR revealed that MS regarded WAC as very complex, costly and sometimes unreasonable when set against the types and levels of waste delivered to most landfill sites. The workshop to be held in AT as well as our study of WAC will hopefully provide some insight. Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
19 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste Existing landfills Main Problems: Landfills for non-hazardous waste and inert waste do often not comply. No comprehensive data from Member States. Too many unauthorized landfills (horizontal cases against some Member States.) Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
20 Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
European Commission Unit ENV G4, Sustainable Production and Consumption Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste FACTS AND FIGURES ON LANDFILLS Total municipal waste going to landfills (EU-25 average): 49% (in some countries 90%). Although waste generation is growing in parallel with GDP, in EU-25 by 19% between 1995 and 2003, waste landfilled goes slightly down. Number of existing landfills in EU-15: hazardous waste: 504 (141 comply) non-hazardous waste: 6286 (1267 comply) inert waste: (925 comply) (No figures from UK, Denmark. Czech. Rep. on compliance). Full compliance to be achieved until 16 July 2009. Trend since implementation: number of permitted landfills declines/ - quantity of wastes, including biodegradable declines/ - landfills improve technically Helmut Maurer, 7 December 2006
21 Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Existing landfills
Figure 4a. Landfills for hazardous waste; total and complying with the directive
22 Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Existing landfills
Landfills for non-hazardous waste; total and complying with the directive
23 Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Enforcement
Infringement proceedings Art. 226 EC Letter of formal notice Reasoned opinion Infringement proceedings Art. 228 EC Lump sum or penalty depend on: Seriousness of infringement (factor x) Duration (factor x) Deterrent effect (factor x) daily penalties of € or a lump sum of 20.Mio € are not uncommon The Commission does not do any systematic investigations Awareness through complaints by individuals or NGOs. Another important source of information are petitions. Most complaints are based on a violation of Art 4 and 8 of the WFD Important cases: C-494/01 against Ireland for a general persistent failure to transpose the WFD. The Commission in the follow up of the case visited IE several times. The Court procedure as well as the Commission‘s follow up had a significant effect on the overall Irish waste policy. Key cases are: Kouroupitos and Messomouri where the Court found for a daily penalty of € for operation of an illegal rubbish dump. Greece acknowledged in another procedure in 2005 that at least 1125 illegal uncontrolled rubbish dumps are still in operation Figures are even higher for Italy. There are several cases pending against Italy for systematic infringement of the WFD. Further Art. 228 cases are pending against Spain and against France.
24 Interpretation of Art. 14 Dir. 1999/31/EC
Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Questions in infringement procedures COM/France C-423/05 Interpretation of Art. 14 Dir. 1999/31/EC Art. 8 Directive on waste 2006/12/EC Art. 4 Directive on waste 2006/12/EC Art. 9 Directive on waste 2006/12/EC Case COM/France C-423/05 Art. 14 a)b)c) requires that operators of landfill sites have to prepare and to present to the competent authorities a CONDITIONING PLAN until 16 July 2002 for all those landfills that were in operation after 16 July Art 14 does not generally allow to continue landfilling just until 2009 (that had been suggested by France). In case the landfill cannot be adapted to the requirements of the Directive it has to be closed immediately. 2. Art. 8 WFD. Refers to illegal and uncontrolled landfills which have been closed. in case these landfills have a serious environmental impact, in principle the waste has to go to a public or private waste collector having the proper permission for elimination or valorisation of the waste. In case the waste an impact analysis shows that the waste has little environmental impact and the site is properly monitored the waste can on a case by case basis rest where it is. (Intrpretation by the Court in Case Ireland C-494/01(179,180,181,182). As to illegal landfills, holder is who owns the illegal landfills or who runs the illegal landfill. 3. Art. 4 WFD	covers also very small uncontrolled landfills (some thousands in France) that receive rubble, green waste or bulky waste (fridges etc.) with little impact on environment. From the existence of great numbers of such landfills the COM concludes that authorities tolerate the illegal practice. All three items can be dangerous, green waste for its methane production, bulky waste can be fridges and rubble can be contaminated soil. 4. Art 9	requires permit for alll landfill operators, notwithstanding the size of the landfill. It cannot be argued that „illegal landfill“ were those not operated by municipalities and that therefore Art. 9 ot the Directive as a whole would not apply. The term „Illegal Landfill“ is critical. „Wild“ landfills, those not run by municipalities are equally concerned. The WFD compells you to regularise wild landfills.
25 Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Questions in infringement procedures C- 494/01 Ireland
Failure to comply with Art. 4,5,6,8,9,10,12,13,14 Directive 2006/12/EC on waste Failure to comply with Art. 10 EC by unsatisfactorily responding to a request for information Facts examined: Dumping of construction and demolition waste in wetlandsunauthorised operations, storing waste in lagoons, landspreading of wasteunauthorized waste storageoperation of landfills without permit tolerating running landfills by private operators without permittolerating the dumping of waste in a green area, no punishment, no ceasing of operation dumping of waste in special protection areas within the meaning of Dir. 92/43tolerating landfilling in disused quarries without permit unauthorized tipping of waste in wetlands. Art. 10 EC  reversal of the burden of proof. (Concerning co-operation between COM and MS) It is uncumbent on the Commission to proove that MS has not fulfilled its obligations. However, Art. 10 EC requires that MS facilitate the achievement of the Commission’s tasks. Since COM has no investigation powers it has to rely on MS information. It follows that the national authorities have to conduct the necessary on the spot investigations in a spirit of genuine co-operation. That means: Where the COM relies on detailed complaints or on evidence for repeated and persistent practise contrary to the Directive it is incumbent on the MS to challenge in detail and substance the information and the consequences flowing thereof. “Member States have to cooperate in good faith with the inquiries of the Commission pursuant to Art. 226 EC. And to provide the Commission with all the relevant information. Requested for that purpose.” Art. 9 and 10 (Permit) All waste operations have to take place under a permit since No operation may take place as long as there is no lince. License has to issued in advance. Consequence:  operation must not take place during licensing procedure. Penalties for unlicensed operation must be deterrent (Imprisonment/very high fines).  Keep in mind the effectiveness rule.  a permit is not a merely formal act. It must still serve the purpose to ensure that disposal operations are in line with Art. 4.!! Art. 12 (authorisation of professional waste collectors) correct transposition requires that possession of permit is compulsory. Art. 5 adequate network of disposal operations network needs to operate according to BAT, not involving excessive costs dispose at the nearest available installations. Art. 4 (no risk to….) Art. 4 leaves the MS some discretion to take “the necessary measures”. A MS abuses his discretion where it generally and persistently fails to fulfil the requirements of Art. 4. and where that situation leads to a significant deterioration of the environment for a lengthy period. Art. 8 (holder’s obligation to hand waste over to private or public waste collectors or to recover or dispose in accordance with the Directive himself)  sequestration of illegal tip and prosecuting the operator is not enough. Action following Art. 8 has to follow to regulate the situation. Art. 13, 14 (operators must be inspected and keep records of quantity, nature, origin of waste etc….) Logically, where no permit had been issued, no proper inspection can be carried out, since inspection parameters have not been defined in advance.
26 IE: C-494/01persistent failure to transpose
Implementation of EU Landfill Legislation Questions in infringement procedures references to some relevant case law. IE: C-494/01persistent failure to transpose UK: C-62/03 on failure to transpose WFD IT: C-270/03 and subsequent Art 228 letter for wrongly exempting waste collectors. C-135/05 of 26 April 2007 IT: preliminary ruling –Niselli C-456/02 on waste definition 4 Art. 228 cases C-383/02, C-516/03,C-375/02,C-447/03 mostly on breach of Art. 4 and 8 WFD EL: C-387/97 Kouroupitos landfill (leading case) 228 procedure C-112/06 on the same substance C-502/03 for > 1000 illegal sites ES: C-157/04 La Gomera C-446/01 FR: C-172/04; C-423/05 of 29 March 2007 for unauthorized landfills DE: C-6/03 relevant for interpreting of Art. 5 LD
27 Landfill Awareness Raising events 2007 Conclusions
Insufficient implementation of Directive and Decision Polluter pays principle not observed No pre-treatment Predominance of landfilling High numbers of uncontrolled dumps Low coverage through collection systems No separation at source Low administrative capacity Too little investment Profound lack of public awareness
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