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1 ATSC Standard: A/342 Part 1, Common Elements Doc. A/342-1: January 2017 Advanced Television Systems Committee 1776 K Street, N.W. Washington, DC i
2 The Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc. is an international, non-profit organization developing voluntary standards for digital television. The ATSC member organizations represent the broadcast, broadcast equipment, motion picture, consumer electronics, computer, cable, satellite, and semiconductor industries. Specifically, ATSC is working to coordinate television standards among different communications media focusing on digital television, interactive systems, and broadband multimedia communications. ATSC is also developing digital television implementation strategies and presenting educational seminars on the ATSC standards. ATSC was formed in 1982 by the member organizations of the Joint Committee on InterSociety Coordination (JCIC): the Electronic Industries Association (EIA), the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), the National Cable Telecommunications Association (NCTA), and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). Currently, there are approximately 150 members representing the broadcast, broadcast equipment, motion picture, consumer electronics, computer, cable, satellite, and semiconductor industries. ATSC Digital TV Standards include digital high definition television (HDTV), standard definition television (SDTV), data broadcasting, multichannel surround-sound audio, and satellite direct-to-home broadcasting. Note: The user s attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the validity of this claim or of any patent rights in connection therewith. One or more patent holders have, however, filed a statement regarding the terms on which such patent holder(s) may be willing to grant a license under these rights to individuals or entities desiring to obtain such a license. Details may be obtained from the ATSC Secretary and the patent holder. Revision History Version Date Candidate Standard approved 3 May 2016 Standard approved 24 January 2017 Reference [2] updated to point to published version of A/342 Part 2: February 2017 Reference [3] updated to point to published version of A/342 Part 3: March 2017 ii
3 Table of Contents 1. SCOPE Introduction and Background Organization 1 2. REFERENCES Normative References Informative References 2 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS Compliance Notation Acronyms and Abbreviation 2 4. AUDIO GLOSSARY Common Terms Mapping of Terms to Specific Technologies 5 5. SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Features Immersive and Legacy Support Next Generation System Flexibility Personalization and Interactive Control Next Generation System Loudness Management and Dynamic Range Control Accessible Emergency Information System Architecture Central Concepts Program Components and Presentations Element Formats Rendering 8 6. SPECIFICATION Constraints Sampling Rate Program Structure General Elementary Stream Structure Signaling of Characteristics 9 ANNEX A: EXAMPLES OF COMMON BROADCAST OPERATING PROFILES A.1 Operating Profiles 10 iii
4 Index of Figures and Tables Figure 4.1 Relationship of key audio terms Figure 5.1 ATSC 3.0 generalized layer architecture Figure A.1.1 Encoding of example broadcast operating profiles Table 4.1 Common Terms as they Apply to this Standard... 3 Table 4.2 Mapping of Alternative Terms to Glossary Common Terms... 5 Table 6.1 Characteristics... 9 Table A.1.1 Encoding of Example Broadcast Operating Profiles iv
5 ATSC Standard: A/342 Part 1, Common Elements 1. SCOPE This document specifies the common framework for ATSC 3.0. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the specific audio technologies described in subsequent parts of this Standard [2] [3]. 1.1 Introduction and Background The ATSC 3.0 audio system provides immersive and personalizable sound for television. It is not compatible with the audio system used in ATSC 1.0 service [7]. 1.2 Organization This document is organized as follows: Section 1 Outlines the scope of this document and provides a general introduction. Section 2 Lists references and applicable documents. Section 3 Provides a definition of general terms, acronyms, and abbreviations for this document. Section 4 Glossary (defines specialized audio terminology used in this document and its references, with mapping of those items that are identically defined but named differently in those references). Section 5 System overview Section 6 Specification of Common Elements for ATSC REFERENCES All referenced documents are subject to revision. Users of this Standard are cautioned that newer editions might or might not be compatible. 2.1 Normative References The following documents, in whole or in part, as referenced in this document, contain specific provisions that are to be followed strictly in order to implement a provision of this Standard. [1] IEEE: Use of the International Systems of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System, Doc. SI 10, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, NY [2] ATSC: ATSC Standard: A/342 Part 2, AC-4 System, Doc. A/342-2:2017, Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, DC, 23 February [3] ATSC: ATSC Standard, A/342 Part 3: MPEG-H System, Doc. A/342-3:2017, Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, DC, 3 March [4] ATSC: ATSC Candidate Standard: Signaling, Delivery, Synchronization, and Error Protection (A/331), Doc. S33-174r5, Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, DC, 21 September (work in process) [5] IETF: Tags for Identifying Languages, Doc. RFC 5646, Internet Engineering Task Force, Fremont, CA, September
6 [6] ISO/IEC: Information technology -- Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) -- Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats, Doc :2014, International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 15 May Informative References The following documents contain information that may be helpful in applying this Standard. [7] ATSC: Digital Compression (AC-3) (E-AC-3) Standard, Doc. A/52:2015, Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, DC, 24 November [8] DASH-IF: Guidelines for Implementation: DASH-IF Interoperability Point for ATSC 3.0, DASH Industry Forum, Beaverton, OR. 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS With respect to definition of terms, abbreviations, and units, the practice of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as outlined in the Institute s published standards [1] shall be used. Where an abbreviation is not covered by IEEE practice or industry practice differs from IEEE practice, the abbreviation in question will be described in Section 3.2of this document. 3.1 Compliance Notation This section defines compliance terms for use by this document: shall This word indicates specific provisions that are to be followed strictly (no deviation is permitted). shall not This phrase indicates specific provisions that are absolutely prohibited. should This word indicates that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required. should not This phrase means a certain possibility or course of action is undesirable but not prohibited. 3.2 Acronyms and Abbreviation The following acronyms and abbreviations are used within this document. ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee C Center (audio channel) DASH Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP DASH-IF DASH Industry Forum HOA Higher Order Ambisonics ISOBMFF International Standards Organization Base Media File Format L Left (audio channel) LF Left Front (audio channel) LFE Low Frequency Effects (audio channel) LR Left Rear (audio channel) LS Left Side or Left Surround (audio channel) M&E Music and Effects MAE Metadata Elements NGA Next Generation OAM Object Metadata 2
7 R Right (audio channel) RF Right Front (audio channel) RR Right Rear (audio channel) RS Right Side or Right Surround (audio channel) SAP Secondary Programming VDS Video Description Service 4. AUDIO GLOSSARY This section defines the specific terminology used for the ATSC 3.0 audio system. The terms defined in Section 4.1 are common terms, and may, in some cases, map to alternative terms used by individual systems specified in subsequent parts of this standard [2] [3]. A mapping to those terms is provided in Section 4.2. Figure 4.1 illustrates the relationship between several defined terms. 4.1 Common Terms Common terms are given in Table 4.1. The relationship of key terms is illustrated in Figure 4.1. Term Table 4.1 Common Terms as they Apply to this Standard Description 2.0 Nomenclature for stereo audio, with two audio channels (L, R), as found in legacy television audio systems. 5.1 Nomenclature for surround audio, with five full-range audio channels (L, C, R, LS, RS) and one low-frequency effects (LFE) channel, as found in the existing ATSC digital television audio system Nomenclature for a particular 11.1 loudspeaker arrangement suitable for Immersive, consisting of three frontal loudspeakers (L, C, R) and four surround loudspeakers (left side [LS], left rear [LR], right side [RS], right rear [RR]) on the listener s plane, and four speakers placed above the listener s head height (arranged in LF, RF, LR and RR positions). Element Element Format Element Metadata Object Presentation The smallest addressable unit of an Program. Consists of one or more Signals and associated Element Metadata, and can be configured as any of three different Element Formats. (See Figure 4.1) Description of the configuration and type of an Element. Notes: There are three different types of Element Formats. Depending on the type, different kinds of properties are used to describe the configuration: Channel-based audio: e.g., the number of channels and the channel layout Object-based audio: e.g., dynamic positional information Scene-based audio: e.g., HOA order, number of transport channels Metadata associated with an Element. Notes: Some examples of Element Metadata include positional metadata (spatial information describing the position of objects in the reproduction space, which may dynamically change over time, or channel assignments), or personalization metadata (set by content creator to enable certain personalization options such as turning an element on or off, adjusting its position or gain, and setting limits within which such adjustments may be made by the user). (See Section 4.2 for alternate nomenclature used for this term in other documents.) An Element that consists of an Signal and Element Metadata, which includes rendering information (e.g., gain and position) that may dynamically change. Objects with rendering information that does not dynamically change may be called static objects. A set of Program Components representing a version of the Program that may be selected by a user for simultaneous decoding. 3
8 Program Program Component Program Component Type Notes: An Presentation is a sub-selection from all available Program Components of one Program. (See Figure 4.1.) A Presentation can be considered the NGA equivalent of audio services in predecessor systems, which each utilized complete mixes (e.g., SAP or VDS ) (See Section 4.2 for alternate nomenclature used for this term in other documents.) The complete collection of all Program Components and a set of accompanying Presentations that are available for one Program. (See Figure 4.1) Notes: Not all Program Components of one Program are necessarily meant to be presented at the same time. An Program may contain Program Components that are always presented, and it may include optional Program Components. (See Section 4.2 for alternate nomenclature used for this term in other documents.) A logical group of Elements that is used to define an Presentation and may consist of one or more Elements. (See Figure 4.1.) (See Section 4.2 for alternate nomenclature used for this term in other documents.) Characterization of an Program Component with regard to its content. Notes: Examples for Program Component Types are: Complete Main Music & Effects (M&E): the background signal that contains a Mix of various Signals except speech. Dialog: one or more Signals that contain only speech Video Description Service Signal A mono signal. (See Figure 4.1.) Bed An Element that is intended to be used as the foundational element of an Presentation (e.g., Music & Effects), to which other complementing Elements (e.g., Dialog) are added. Channel Set A group of Channel Signals that are intended to be reproduced together. Channel Signal An Signal that is intended to be played back at one specific nominal loudspeaker position. Complete Mix All Elements of one Presentation mixed together and presented as a single Program Component. Elementary A bit stream that consists of a single type of encoded data (audio, video, or other data). Stream Notes: The Elements of one Program may be delivered in a single audio Elementary Stream or distributed over multiple audio Elementary Streams. (See Section 4.2 for alternate nomenclature used for this term in other documents.) Higher-Order Ambisonics Immersive LFE Mix Rendering Track A technique in which each produced signal channel is part of an overall description of the entire sound scene, independent of the number and locations of actually available loudspeakers. An audio system that enables high spatial resolution in sound source localization in azimuth, elevation and distance, and provides an increased sense of sound envelopment. Low-frequency effects channel. A limited frequency response channel that carries only low frequency (e.g., 100 Hz and below) audio. A number of Elements of one Program that are mixed together into one Channel Signal or into a Bed. The realization of aural content for acoustical presentation. Representation of an Elementary Stream that is stored in a file format like the ISO Base Media File Format. Notes: For some systems, it may be possible to directly store the unmodified data from the Elementary Stream into a Track, whereas for other systems it may be necessary to re-format the data for storage in a Track. 4
9 Figure 4.1 Relationship of key audio terms. 4.2 Mapping of Terms to Specific Technologies Table 4.2 lists the alternative terms used for the items defined above by the individual systems defined in subsequent parts of this standard, and by the DASH-IF. Table 4.2 Mapping of Alternative Terms to Glossary Common Terms Common Term DASH-IF Term [8] AC-4 Term [2] MPEG-H Term [3] Element Metadata Metadata, Object Metadata Presentation Preselection Presentation Preset Program Bundle Program Scene Program Component Elementary Stream 5. SYSTEM OVERVIEW Referred to as Element Representation in an Adaptation Set 5.1 System Features Program Component Elementary Stream Metadata Elements (MAE), Object Metadata (OAM) Group Elementary Stream Immersive and Legacy Support The ATSC 3.0 audio system supports Immersive with enhanced performance when compared with existing 5.1 channel-based systems. The system supports delivery of audio content from mono, stereo, 5.1 channel and 7.1 channel audio sources, as well as from sources supporting Immersive. Immersive features are supported over the listening area. Such a system might not directly represent loudspeaker feeds but instead could represent the overall sound field. 5
10 5.1.2 Next Generation System Flexibility The ATSC 3.0 audio system enables Immersive on a wide range of loudspeaker configurations, including loudspeaker configurations with suboptimum loudspeaker locations, and headphones. The system enables audio reproduction on loudspeaker configurations not designed for Immersive such as 7.1 channel, 5.1 channel, two channel and single channel loudspeaker configurations Personalization and Interactive Control The ATSC 3.0 audio system enables user control of certain aspects of the sound scene that is rendered from the encoded representation (e.g., relative level of dialog, music, effects, or other elements important to the user). The system enables user-selectable alternative audio Tracks to be delivered via terrestrial broadcast or via broadband and in Real Time or Non-real Time. Such audio Tracks may be used to replace the primary audio Track or be mixed with the primary audio Track and delivered for synchronous presentation with the corresponding video content. The system enables receiver mixing of alternative audio Tracks (e.g., assistive audio services, other language dialog, special commentary, music and effects) with the main audio Track or other audio Tracks, with relative levels and position in the sound field and receiver adjustments suitable to the user. The system enables broadcasters to provide users with the option of varying the loudness of a TV program s dialog relative to other elements of the audio Mix to increase intelligibility Next Generation System Loudness Management and Dynamic Range Control The ATSC 3.0 audio system supports information and functionality to normalize and control the loudness of reproduced audio content. The system enables adapting the loudness and dynamic range of audio content as appropriate for the receiving device and environment of the content presentation Accessible Emergency Information The ATSC 3.0 audio system supports the inclusion and signaling of audio (speech) that provides an aural representation of emergency information provided by broadcasters in on-screen text display (static, scrolling or crawling text). Note that this is not Emergency Alerting, but rather contains additional emergency information provided by broadcasters Accessible Emergency Information Signaling Signaling for Accessible Emergency Information audio is specified in ATSC A/331. [4] Insertion of Accessible Emergency Information by Specific Technologies Insertion of Accessible Emergency Information audio shall be performed as defined in subsequent parts of this Standard [2] [3]. 5.2 System Architecture The ATSC 3.0 system is designed with a layered architecture in order to leverage the many advantages of such system, particularly pertaining to upgradability and extensibility. A generalized layering model for ATSC 3.0 is shown in Figure 5.1. The ATSC 3.0 audio system resides in the 6
11 upper layer (Applications & Presentation). system signaling resides primarily in the middle layer (Management & Protocols). Applications & Presentation Management, Service & Discovery Protocols Physical Figure 5.1 ATSC 3.0 generalized layer architecture. 5.3 Central Concepts Several concepts are common to all audio systems supported by ATSC 3.0. This section describes these common concepts Program Components and Presentations Program Components are separate pieces of audio data that are combined to compose an Presentation. A simple Presentation may consist of a single Program Component, such as a Complete Main Mix for a television program. Presentations that are more complex may consist of several Program Components, such as ambient music and effects, combined with dialog and video description. Presentations are combinations of Program Components representing versions of the audio program that may be selected by a user. For example, a complete audio with English dialog, a complete audio with Spanish dialog, a complete audio (English or Spanish) with video description, or a complete audio with alternate dialog may all be selectable Presentations for a Program. The Components of a Presentation can be delivered in a single audio Elementary Stream or in multiple audio Elementary Streams. Signaling and delivery of audio Elementary Streams is documented in ATSC A/331 [4] Element Formats The ATSC 3.0 audio system supports three fundamental Element Formats: 1) Channel Sets are sets of Elements consisting of one or more Signals presenting sound to speaker(s) located at canonical positions. These include configurations such as mono, stereo, or 5.1, and extend to include non-planar configurations, such as ) Objects are Elements consisting of audio information and associated metadata representing a sound s location in space (as described by the metadata). The metadata may be dynamic, representing the movement of the sound. 7
12 3) Scene-based audio (e.g., HOA) consists of one or more Elements that make up a generalized representation of a sound field Rendering Rendering is the process of composing an Presentation and converting all the Program Components to a data structure appropriate for the audio outputs of a specific receiver. Rendering may include conversion of a Channel Set to a different channel configuration, conversion of Objects to Channel Sets, conversion of scene-based sets to Channel Sets, and/or applying specialized audio processing such as room correction or spatial virtualization Video Description Service (VDS) Video Description Service is an audio service carrying narration describing a television program's key visual elements. These descriptions are inserted into natural pauses in the program's dialog. Video description makes TV programming more accessible to individuals who are blind or visually impaired. The Video Description Service may be provided by sending a collection of Music and Effects components, a Dialog component, and an appropriately labeled Video Description component, which are mixed at the receiver. Alternatively, a Video Description Service may be provided as a single component that is a Complete Mix, with the appropriate label identification Multi-Language Traditionally, multi-language support is achieved by sending Complete Mixes with different dialog languages. In the ATSC 3.0 audio system, multi-language support can be achieved through a collection of Music and Effects streams combined with multiple dialog language streams that are mixed at the receiver Personalized Personalized audio consists of one or more Elements with metadata, which describes how to decode, render, and output full Mixes. Each personalized Presentation may consist of an ambience bed, one or more dialog elements, and optionally one or more effects elements. Multiple Presentations can be defined to support a number of options such as alternate language, dialog or ambience, enabling height elements, etc. There are two main concepts of personalized audio: 1) Personalization selection The bit stream may contain more than one Presentation where each Presentation contains pre-defined audio experiences (e.g. home team audio experience, multiple languages, etc.). A listener can choose the audio experience by selecting one of the Presentations. 2) Personalization control Listeners can modify properties of the complete audio experience or parts of it (e.g., increasing the volume level of an Element, changing the position of an Element, etc.). 6. SPECIFICATION 6.1 Constraints The following constraints are applied to all audio content in ATSC 3.0 services Sampling Rate The sampling frequency of Signals shall be 48 khz. 8
13 6.1.2 Program Structure An Program shall consist of one or more Presentations. One Presentation shall be signaled as the default (main), and shall have all of its Program Components present in the broadcast stream. The main Presentation is intended to be the default in cases where no other selection guidance (user-originated or otherwise) exists. Presentations shall consist of at least one Program Component of any Element Format. Program Components may be delivered in more than one Elementary Stream. For example, one Elementary Stream may be delivered over broadcast and an additional Elementary Stream may be delivered over a broadband connection. Presentations other than the default Presentation may include Program Components from multiple Elementary Streams. Presentations shall not utilize Program Components from more than three Elementary Streams. Further constraints are defined in subsequent Parts of this standard General Elementary Stream Structure Elementary Streams shall be packaged and signaled in ISOBMFF in a configuration specified by the A/331 standard [4]. 6.2 Signaling of Characteristics Table 6.1 describes the audio characteristics that are signaled in the delivery layer [4]. Table 6.1 Characteristics Item Name Description Options 1 Codec Indicates the codec and resources required to decode the bit stream. 2 Role Indicates the role of the default (entry point) presentation or preset 3 Language Indicates the language of a presentation or preset 4 Accessibility Indicates the accessibility features of a presentation or preset FourCC (i.e., ac-4, mhm1, mhm2) followed by codec specific level or version indicators Values as defined by ISO/IEC [6] RFC 5646 language codes [5] 5 Sampling Rate Output sampling rate channel Indicates the channel configuration Codec specific configuration and layout. 7 Presentation or preset identifier Indicates IDs for each presentation or preset Dialog Enhancement, representation of Emergency Information, Descriptive Video Service Codec specific The audio system shall operate according to A/342-2 when the transport layer signals that the item 1 codec parameter is equal to ac-4, and according to A/342-3 when the transport layer signals that the item 1 codec parameter is equal to mhm1 or mhm2. 9
14 ATSC A/342-1:2017 A/342 Part 1, Common Elements, Annex A 24 January 2017 Annex A: Examples of Common Broadcast Operating Profiles A.1 OPERATING PROFILES Table A.1.1 lists some broadcast operating-profile examples and shows how the input elements for each profile fit into presentations or presets within a single elementary stream. Figure A.1.1 illustrates the encoding of some of the broadcast operating-profile examples. Note that these examples are not exhaustive and are included to demonstrate common/practical operating profiles. The following notations are used in Table A.1.1 and Figure A.1.1: CM = Complete Main M&E = Music and Effects Dx = Dialog element (mono) VDS = Video Descriptive Service (mono) O = Other object (mono), i.e. PA feed O(15).1 = 15 object or spatial object groups + LFE HOA(X) = 6 th Order Higher Order Ambisonics sound-field represented by X Signal transport channels 10
15 ATSC A/342-1:2017 A/342 Part 1, Common Elements, Annex A 24 January Profile Type Table A.1.1 Encoding of Example Broadcast Operating Profiles Input Elements Presentations/Presets Elements Referenced by Presentation/Preset 2.0 CM CM CM CM CM CM 3 HOA(6) CM CM CM Complete CM CM CM Main CM CM CM 6 HOA(12) CM CM CM 7 O(15).1 CM CM CM M&E + Objects 2.0 M&E + D 5.1 M&E + D1 (en) + D2 (es) + VDS (en) HOA(6) + D1 (en) + D2 (es) + VDS (en) M&E + D1 (en) +D2 (es) + VDS (en) M&E + D1 (en) + D2 (es) + VDS (en) + O O(15).1 M&E + D1 (en) + D2 (es) + VDS (en) HOA(12) M&E + D1 (en) + D2 (es) + VDS (en) + O English M&E Only English English + VDS Spanish M&E Only English English + VDS Spanish M&E Only English English + VDS Spanish M&E Only English English + VDS Spanish M&E English English + VDS Spanish M&E Only English English + VDS Spanish M&E M&E + D M&E M&E + D1 M&E + D1 + VDS M&E + D2 M&E M&E + D1 M&E + D1 + VDS M&E + D2 M&E M&E + D1 M&E + D1 + VDS M&E + D2 M&E M&E + O + D1 M&E + D1 + VDS M&E + O + D2 M&E + O M&E + D1 M&E + D1 + VDS M&E + D2 M&E M&E + O + D1 M&E + D1 + VDS M&E + O + D2 M&E + O 11
16 ATSC A/342-1:2017 A/342 Part 1, Common Elements, Annex A 24 January CM 5.1 CM ATSC 3.0 encoder ATSC 3.0 bitstream 5.1 CM ATSC 3.0 decoder M&E + D1 + D2 + VDS + Other M&E D1 (en) D2 (es) VDS (en) Other ATSC 3.0 encoder ATSC 3.0 bitstream M&E D1 D2 VDS Other ATSC 3.0 decoder 3. O(15).1 M&E + D1 + D2 + VDS O(15).1 M&E D1 (en) D2 (es) VDS (en) ATSC 3.0 encoder ATSC 3.0 bitstream O(15).1 M&E D1 D2 VDS ATSC 3.0 decoder 4. HOA(12) M&E + D1 + D2 + VDS + Other HOA(12) M&E D1 (en) D2 (es) VDS (en) Other ATSC 3.0 encoder ATSC 3.0 bitstream HOA(12) M&E D1 D2 VDS Other ATSC 3.0 decoder Figure A.1.1 Encoding of example broadcast operating profiles. End of Document 12
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