Source: https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/threading-your-way-through-labeling-requirements-under-textile
Timestamp: 2019-04-18 13:16:20
Document Index: 374697595

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Threading Your Way Through the Labeling Requirements Under the Textile and Wool Acts | Federal Trade Commission
Textile Products: What's Covered and What's Not
Wool Products: What's Covered and What's Not
Sectional Disclosure of Fiber Content
Country of origin in mail order advertising
Identification of Manufacturer, Importer, or Other Dealer
Summary of Fur Labeling Requirements
ISO Names Permitted, Although Not Listed in Textile Rules
Textile products purchased by U.S. military services according to specifications. But textile products sold and distributed through post exchanges, sales commissaries, or ship stores are covered. In addition, if the military sells textile products for nongovernmental purposes, the fiber information must be furnished to the buyer for labeling the products before distribution.
Hand-woven rugs made by Navajo Indians with the attached “Certificate of Genuineness” supplied by the Indian Arts and Crafts Board of the U.S. Department of Interior
Labeling is not required for other products not specifically mentioned in the statute or rules, or for non-textile products or components, including:
Baby equipment — seats, carriers, carriages, strollers, harnesses, etc.
Beach or patio umbrellas
Chair seats for lawn chairs
Cosmetic masks and travel kits
Coverings used in churches
Covers for household items other than furniture and ironing boards: birdcages, irons, toasters, mixers, toilet tanks & lids, tissue boxes
Covers for sports equipment, such as golf clubs, skis, etc.
Drapery pleater tapes
Filters — all types
Hangers padded with fabric
Hosiery hampers
Industrial wiping cloths and industrial cleaning towels
Inked ribbons for typewriters, etc.
Mops and mop covers
Pads for sports equipment, such as toboggans
Poly-foam and foam rubber
Saddle blankets, camel saddles
Window shades and shade pulls
Textile products intended for uses not covered by the Textile Act should be accompanied by an invoice or other documentation stating that they are not intended for uses subject to the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act.
Wool Products: What’s Covered and What’s Not
Most products that contain any amount of wool — including clothing, blankets, fabrics, yarns and other items — are covered by the Wool Act and Wool Rules.13 While the requirements for wool products overlap those for other textiles, there are differences.
A wool product is any product or portion of a product that contains — or is represented to contain — wool, including recycled wool.
Note: Products exempt from the Textile Act and Rules, like hats and slippers, are covered by the Wool Act and Rules if they contain any wool.
Recycled wool is wool that has been returned to a fibrous state after having been woven, knitted or felted into a wool product, regardless of whether a consumer has ever used the product.
Products not covered even if they contain wool
If your product is covered by the Textile or Wool Act and Rules, it must be labeled to show the fiber content. For products covered by the Textile Act and Rules, the generic fiber names and percentages by weight of each constituent fiber must be listed in descending order of predominance.14 For example:
Various forms of trim incorporated into clothing and other textiles are excluded from the labeling requirements.16 Trim includes collars, cuffs, braiding, waist or wrist bands, rick-rack, tape, belting, binding, labels, leg bands, gussets, gores, welts, findings and superimposed hosiery garters.
elastic materials and threads added to a garment in minor proportion for structural purposes; and
elastic material that is part of the basic fabric from which a product is made, if the elastic doesn’t exceed 20% of the surface area. In this case, the required fiber content information should be followed by the statement “exclusive of elastic.”
Other trimmings exempt from labeling requirements are:
decorative trim applied by embroidery, overlay, applique or attachment
decorative patterns or designs that are an integral part of the fabric
as long as the decoration does not exceed 15% of the surface area of the item. If no representation is made about the fiber content of the decoration, the fiber content disclosure should be followed by the statement “exclusive of decoration.”
Note: Collars and cuffs, whether decorated or not, are exempt from fiber content disclosure, so any decoration on collars and cuffs does not count toward the 15%.
If decorative trim or designs exceed 15% of the surface area of the product and are made of a different fiber from the base fabric, the fiber of the decoration must be disclosed on the label as a sectional disclosure. If the decorative trim does not exceed 15%, but information about its content is referenced somewhere, the fiber of the decoration also must appear on the label.
Example 1: You are selling a cotton T-shirt with decorative silk trim piping and embroidery that covers 10% of the shirt. No other information about the fiber of the decoration has been given. The label may say:
Example 2: You are selling the same cotton T-shirt, described in advertising and on signs as a “Silk Trim T.” The label must disclose the trim content. For example:
Decoration - 100% Silk
Example 3: You are selling a cotton T-shirt with decorative silk trim piping and embroidery that covers 20% of the shirt. The label must disclose the content of both the body of the shirt and the trim. For example:
“Ornamentation” refers to “any fibers or yarns imparting a visibly discernible pattern or design to a yarn or fabric.”17 Ornamentation is exempt from fiber content disclosure when it does not exceed 5% of the product’s fiber weight.18 You would disclose the other fibers in the product without regard to the ornamentation and include the statement: “Exclusive of Ornamentation.” For example:
You may identify the ornamental fiber if you also list the percentage of the ornamentation in relation to the total fiber weight of the principal fiber or blend of fibers. In this case, the numbers will add up to more than 100%. For example:
Exclusive of 3% Silk Ornamentation
If the ornamentation exceeds 5% of the fiber weight, you must disclose its fiber as a separate section. For example:
Ornamentation: 100% Silk
There is some overlap between the definitions of “ornamentation” and “trimmings.” If the ornamentation, decorative trim or decorative pattern or design exceeds 15% of the surface area of the product, and 5% of the fiber weight of the fabric, you must disclose its fiber content.
If it is either less than 15% of the surface area, or less than 5% of the fiber weight, you don’t have to disclose its content if the label says “exclusive of decoration” or “exclusive of ornamentation.”
If the component of the product falls under both definitions, the label can make either disclosure.
Linings and interlinings19
If linings, interlinings, fillings or paddings are used only for structural purposes, there’s no requirement to disclose their fiber. However, if you voluntarily say or imply anything about their fiber content, the requirements of the statutes and rules apply.
If linings, interlinings, fillings or paddings — including metallic-coated textile linings and linings or fillings that contain any amount of wool — are incorporated for warmth, their fiber must be disclosed as a sectional disclosure. For example:
Even if the outer fabric and the lining or interlining are made of the same material, disclose the fiber content separately.
If the lining, interlining, filling or padding is the only textile portion of the product (with the outer part made of a non-textile material like rubber, vinyl, fur or leather), the fiber content of the lining, interlining, filling or padding must be disclosed if it is incorporated into the product for warmth.
If a product has separate sections with different fiber compositions, the content of each section should be identified separately on the label.20 Where ornamentation or trim forms a distinct section of the product, and is present in a quantity that doesn’t exempt it from fiber disclosure, disclose the fiber in a separate section.
Red: 100% Nylon
Green: 80% Cotton, 20% Nylon
Sectional disclosure is required if necessary to avoid deception. As a general practice, where garments or other products are divided into distinct sections made of different fibers, use sectional disclosure so the information is clear to consumers.
Note on elastics: The fiber content of a product that is part elastic material and part other fabric must be disclosed by section.21 The fiber content of the non-elastic section should be disclosed in the usual way. The elastic section should be described as “elastic,” followed by a list of the fibers in the elastic, in order of predominance by weight. For example:
Elastic: rayon, cotton, nylon, rubber, other fiber
If the elastic material does not exceed 20% of the product’s surface area, it falls under the trim exemption. In that case, the label would disclose the content of the base fabric, followed by the phrase: “exclusive of elastic.
Note on superimposed fibers: If a fiber is added to a section of a product (like the heel or toe of a sock) for reinforcement or other purposes, the label may state the content of the base fabric (in numbers that total 100%), followed by the word “except” and the name of the superimposed fiber, its weight relative to the base fiber(s) and where it was added. For example:
Except 5% Nylon added to heel & toe
Pile fabrics22
Fiber content labeling for pile fabrics may be handled in two ways. You may state the fiber content for the product as a whole, or disclose the fiber content of the pile and backing separately. If you disclose the pile and backing separately, give the ratio between the two as percentages of the fiber weight of the whole. For example:
(Back is 60% of fabric and pile 40%)
Fiber names23
Both natural and man-made fibers must be identified by their generic names. The FTC recognizes certain names that must be used to identify man-made fibers as well as recognizes the names listed in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard 2076: 2010(E), “Textiles — Man-made fibres — Generic names.” While many of the names listed in the ISO standard don’t appear in the Commission’s Rules, you may use them on labels to satisfy the fiber identification requirement. To order a copy of the ISO standard, contact:
When a manufacturer develops a new fiber, the name may not be used on labels until it is recognized by the Commission. The manufacturer may seek recognition by the ISO or petition the Commission.24 However, the Commission can more easily recognize the name — and forgo the petition process — if the name is recognized first by the ISO.
Biconstituent or multiconstituent fibers: If a manufactured fiber is a mixture of two or more chemically distinct fibers combined during or before extrusion, the content disclosure should state:
whether it is a biconstituent or multiconstituent fiber;
the generic names of the component fibers, in order of predominance by weight; and
the percentage of each component by weight
Premium cotton fibers — Pima, Egyptian, Sea Island, etc.
The fiber disclosure may include the name of a type of cotton, as long the name is truthful and not deceptive. You can label a shirt “100% Pima Cotton” as long as the garment contains 100% Pima cotton fibers.
If 50% of the cotton in the shirt is Pima, and you want to use the term “Pima” on your label or elsewhere, you must indicate that Pima constitutes 50% of the fiber content. For example, your label could say: “100% Cotton (50% Pima),” or “50% Pima Cotton, 50% Upland Cotton,” or “50% Pima Cotton, 50% Other Cotton.” The label must show that it is 100% cotton and, if you use the word “Pima,” that only 50% of the cotton fibers are Pima. Saying “100% Cotton, Pima Blend,” without disclosing the Pima content is unacceptable.
If you refer to “Pima” on a hang-tag and the item contains fibers other than “Pima,” you don’t need to repeat the fiber content information on the hang-tag if the tag tells the consumer to see the label for the item’s full fiber content. This includes use of a trademark that implies the presence of Pima cotton. If the item contains only one type of fiber, the hang-tag doesn’t need to include this disclosure.
For more information, see Calling It Cotton: Labeling and Advertising Cotton Products.
You may use the term wool for fiber made from the fleece of the sheep or lamb, and the hair of the Angora goat, Cashmere goat, camel, alpaca, llama, or vicuna.25 Reclaimed or recycled wool fibers must be identified as recycled wool.26
Specialty wool fibers 27
Specialty fibers may be called wool or identified by their specialty fiber names: mohair, cashmere, camel, alpaca, llama, vicuna.
Not all fibers from the Cashmere goat are considered cashmere under the Wool Act and Rules. The term “cashmere” can be used to identify fiber content only if:
the average diameter of such cashmere fiber does not exceed 19 microns; and
the cashmere fibers in such wool product contain no more than 3% (by weight) of cashmere fibers with average diameters that exceed 30 microns.
The average fiber diameter may be subject to a coefficient of variation around the mean that shall not exceed 24%. If fibers from a Cashmere goat do not meet this definition, the label should identify them as wool rather than cashmere.
If you use the name of a specialty fiber, the percentage of that fiber must appear on the label. In addition, any recycled specialty fiber must be identified as “recycled.” For example:
50% Recycled Camel Hair
45% Camel Hair
35% Recycled Llama
35% Recycled Vicuna
If you use specialty fiber names, they must appear on the required fiber content label and in any other references to the fibers. If the required label simply states wool, you can’t use a specialty fiber name in other non-required information — like a hang-tag — that may appear on the product. For example, if the label says: 100% Wool, “Fine Cashmere Garment” can’t appear on the required label or any other label or tag. If the garment has a small amount of cashmere, and you draw attention to that fact in some way, cashmere should be listed on the label with the actual percentage. For example:
As with other fiber content disclosures, all parts of the fiber information must be in type of equal size and conspicuousness. References to the specialty fiber can’t be misleading or deceptive. For example, if a jacket has a label disclosing that it contains 3% cashmere, it would be misleading to attach another label to the sleeve stating “FINE CASHMERE BLEND,” unless the sleeve label repeats the full fiber disclosure with percentages by weight.
The Commission has amended the Wool Rules to allow certain hang-tags identifying fibers without disclosing the item’s full fiber content, if the item has a label that provides the required fiber content information and the hang-tag tells the consumer to see the label for the item’s full fiber content. This disclosure would not be required if the item consists of only one type of fiber.
Very Fine Wool Fibers
The Wool Act and Rules allow labels for wool products to identify fine wool fibers by using terms like “Super 80’s” or “80’s.” However, wool fibers cannot be identified using these terms unless the wool meets the following definitions:
(a) “Super 80’s” or “80’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 19.75 microns or finer;
(b) “Super 90’s” or “90’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 19.25 microns or finer;
(c) “Super 100’s” or “100’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 18.75 microns or finer;
(d) “Super 110’s” or “110’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 18.25 microns or finer;
(e) “Super 120’s” or “120’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 17.75 microns or finer;
(f) “Super 130’s” or “130’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 17.25 microns or finer;
(g) “Super 140’s” or “140’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 16.75 microns or finer;
(h) “Super 150’s” or “150’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 16.25 microns or finer;
(i) “Super 160’s” or “160’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 15.75 microns or finer;
(j) “Super 170’s” or “170’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 15.25 microns or finer;
(k) “Super 180’s” or “180’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 14.75 microns or finer;
(l) “Super 190’s” or “190’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 14.25 microns or finer;
(m) “Super 200’s” or “200’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 13.75 microns or finer;
(n) “Super 210’s” or “210’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 13.25 microns or finer;
(o) “Super 220’s” or “220’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 12.75 microns or finer;
(p) “Super 230’s” or “230’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 12.25 microns or finer;
(q) “Super 240’s” or “240’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 11.75 microns or finer; and
(r) “Super 250’s” or “250’s” --- the average diameter of wool fiber averages 11.25 microns or finer.
The Act and Rules permit the use of the above terms to describe wool in products that consist entirely of wool as well as wool blends. Marketers may average the diameter of warp and filling yarns to determine overall fineness.
If using a “Super” or “S” number to describe a product falsely implies that the product contains wool, using the “Super” or “S” numbers on the label would violate the Wool Act and Rules. Non-required information on labels, including “Super” or “S” numbers, must not minimize, detract from or conflict with required information and must not be false, deceptive or misleading.
The term “fur fiber” may be used to describe the hair or fur fiber — or mixtures thereof — of any animals other than the sheep, lamb, Angora goat, Cashmere goat, camel, alpaca, llama and vicuna. You may use the name of the animal if its hair or fur fiber comprises more than 5% of the fiber weight. For example, 60% Wool, 30% Fur Fiber, 10% Angora Rabbit Hair.
The hair or fiber of new varieties of cross-bred animals, like Cashgora hair or Paco-Vicuna hair, can be disclosed this way, too. For example:
40% Cashgora Hair
Note: If a hair or fur fiber is attached to the animal skin, it is covered by the Fur Rules.
On labels28
You may use a fiber trademark on a content label as long as it appears next to the generic fiber name. The type or lettering of the trademark name and the generic name must be equally conspicuous and of the same size.
When a fiber trademark appears on any label, make a complete fiber content disclosure the first time the trademark is used. For example:
If the trademark doesn’t appear in the fiber content disclosure but appears elsewhere on the label, the generic name of the fiber must appear together with the trademark the first time the trademark is used. For example:
Fiber trademarks or generic names that appear on non-required labels or tags must not be false, deceptive or misleading. For example, a fiber trademark must not be used to indicate or imply that a product is made completely of a certain fiber if it isn’t.
If an item covered by the Textile Act and Rules or the Wool Act and Rules has a label providing the required fiber content statement, you may attach a hang-tag that identifies and describes one or more fibers without including the fiber content statement as long as the hang-tag makes clear that it doesn’t provide the item’s full fiber content. The hang-tag must include a disclosure like “This tag does not disclose the product’s full fiber content” or “See label for the product’s full fiber content.”
The disclosure must be clear and conspicuous. If the fiber’s generic name, trade name or trademark is identified on the front of the hang-tag, the disclosure also should be on the front of the hang-tag close to the first statement of the fiber’s generic name, trade name or trademark. The disclosure should be legible and in a type size no smaller than the type size used to identify the fiber’s generic name, trade name or trademark.
If the front of the hang-tag doesn’t mention the fiber generic name, trade name or trademark, the disclosure may appear on the back of the hang-tag. But this disclosure is not required if the hang-tag identifies the only fiber in the item. The information on the hang-tag must not be false or deceptive as to fiber content.
In advertising29
If you use a fiber trademark in your advertising, including in your ads on the internet, you must disclose the fiber content at least once in your ad. Note that you don’t have to include the percentages.
If the advertised product contains only one fiber — other than ornamentation — the fiber trademark and generic name of the fiber must appear immediately next to each other at least once in the ad in lettering that is clearly legible and conspicuous. You can’t use an asterisk to signal the generic name of the fiber in a footnote or elsewhere in the ad.
Fiber trademarks used elsewhere in ads must not give a false, deceptive, or misleading message about content; for example, they may not imply that the product is made completely of a certain fiber when it isn’t.
Products containing unknown fibers30
If a textile product is made in whole or partly from scraps, clippings, rags, secondhand fibers or fabrics, or other textile waste materials of unknown and, for practical purposes, fiber content that can’t be determined, the disclosure may indicate that information.
However, if you know or can determine the fiber content, you must give the full content disclosure.
Sale of remnants and products made of remnants31
Remnants for sale in a retail store don’t have to be labeled individually if a display sign states they are “remnants of unknown fiber content and origin.” Similarly, remnants of known fiber don’t have to be labeled individually if a sign indicates the content. For example: “remnants, 100% cotton,” “remnants, 50% rayon, 50% acetate.”
The label for a finished product made of remnants of undetermined content would read: “Made of remnants of undetermined fiber content and origin,” or an equivalent statement.
Marking of fabric samples or swatches32
If fabric samples or swatches are used to promote the sale of textile products, the samples or swatches must be labeled with all the required information unless they are:
less than two square inches (12.9 cm2), and the required information is disclosed in accompanying promotional material;
keyed to a catalog that discloses the required information; or
not being used to sell to consumers, are not in a form for use by consumers, and the invoice discloses the required information.
Textile products33
There is a 3% tolerance for fiber content claims on labels. For example, if the label indicates that a product contains 40% cotton, the actual amount of cotton present may vary from 37% to 43% of the total fiber weight. That doesn’t mean you can knowingly misrepresent fiber amounts. If you know the product contains 37% cotton, the label should say “37% cotton.” The tolerance allows for a small amount of unintended inconsistency in the manufacturing process. A deviation of more than 3% constitutes mislabeling, unless the company can prove it resulted from unavoidable variations in manufacturing, despite the exercise of due care.
No tolerance is allowed if the label states that a product contains one fiber, exclusive of allowed amounts of ornamentation or decorative trim.34 For example, if a blouse contains 97% silk and 3% polyester, you cannot label it “100% silk” based on the 3% tolerance. The 3% polyester was intentionally added to the fabric, so labeling the blouse “100% silk” would be intentional mislabeling.
The Wool Act and Rules don’t provide any tolerance for the content of wool products. However, the Wool Act states that variations from stated fiber content won’t be considered mislabeling if the “deviation resulted from unavoidable variations in manufacture and despite the exercise of due care to make accurate the statements” on the label.35 For practical purposes, the Commission will apply the 3% tolerance allowed for other textile products to wool products. The tolerance will not apply if the label indicates that the product is entirely wool, for example, 100% Wool, 100% Cashmere, All Wool, or All Cashmere.
Country Of Origin36
Manufacturers should be aware that for certain products — including sheets, towels, comforters, handkerchiefs, scarves, napkins and other “flat” goods — Customs requires identification of the country where the fabric was made.37 To comply with Customs and FTC requirements for this group of products, the label must identify both the U.S. and the country of origin of the fabric. For example: “Made in U.S.A. of fabric made in China” or “Fabric made in China, cut and sewn in U.S.A.”
with shell made in Malaysia
In deciding whether to mark a product as made in the U.S. either in whole or in part, a manufacturer also must consider the origin of materials that are one step removed from the particular manufacturing process. For example, a yarn manufacturer must identify imported fiber. A manufacturer of knitted garments must identify imported yarn. A manufacturer of apparel made from cloth must identify imported fabric.
Country of origin in mail order advertising38
You must disclose country of origin information in mail order or internet advertising, such as catalogs, including that disseminated on the internet. Product descriptions in these ads must include a statement that the product was made in the U.S.A., imported or both.
Use “Made in U.S.A. and Imported” to indicate manufacture in the U.S. from imported materials, or part processing in the U.S. and part in a foreign country.
Identification Of Manufacturer, Importer Or Other Dealer39
Textile labels must identify fiber content, country of origin and either the company name or the Registered Identification Number (RN) of the manufacturer, importer or another firm marketing, distributing or otherwise handling the product. An RN is issued and registered by the FTC and may be issued to any firm in the U.S. that manufactures, imports, markets, distributes or otherwise handles textile, wool or fur products. RNs are not issued to businesses outside of the U.S. You may use an RN instead of a name to satisfy the labeling requirement.
The name must be the full name under which the company does business, that is, the name that appears on business documents like purchase orders and invoices. It can’t be a trademark, trade name, brand, label or designer name, unless that’s the name under which the company does business.
the name of the foreign manufacturer or distributor
the name or RN of the importer
the name or RN of the wholesaler
the name or RN of the ultimate retailer — if the retailer has consented
Caution: If the textiles are labeled with the name or RN of the retailer, but the intended retailer doesn’t receive the goods and they are sold to someone else, the retailer’s name or RN must be removed or obliterated, and the products relabeled with the RN or name of the company that is in the actual line of distribution.
A company may use a single RN for labeling products under the Textile, Wool, and/or Fur Acts. Only one number is assigned to a company. The Commission isn’t issuing Wool Products Labeling (WPL) numbers for wool products any more, but numbers may still be used by companies that hold them. RNs and WPLs are not transferable or assignable.
The prefix "RN" or "WPL" is part of the Registered Identification Number and must precede the numerals on the label.
You don’t need to get or use an RN to do business; the RN is another way to identify your company on labels instead of using your company’s full name. However, there are several benefits to using an RN:
it lets buyers easily identify and find you through the RN directory or the RN look-up service
it often uses less space on the label than the company name
it facilitates record-keeping and helps you keep track of who’s who in the textile trade
You may find that some companies require you to have an RN in order to do business with them.
You can apply for an RN online.
Check the RN database.
The FTC urges companies that use an RN to check the information given for their number and notify the Commission of any changes.
Note: The FTC may cancel your RN if you don’t keep your RN information current or if you obtain or use your RN improperly.
Replacing another company’s label with your own40
An importer, distributor, or retailer may want to replace the original label on a textile product with a label showing its company or RN. This is legal as long as the new label lists the name or RN of the person or company making the change.
Note: If you remove a label that has required information, the label you substitute also must have the required information. Otherwise, you’re violating the Textile Act.
SPECIAL CAUTION TO RETAILERS:
Under the Textile Act, it is illegal for retailers to remove labels with required information from the garments they offer for sale without replacing them. If a retailer removes any label with required information, it must substitute another label with its own name or RN and the other required information that appeared on the original label. In addition, if you substitute a label, you are required to keep records for three years that show the information on the removed label and the company from which the product was received.
Mechanics Of Labeling41
Amendments to the Textile and Wool Acts simplified and streamlined the requirements for disclosing the necessary information:
All parts of the fiber content information must be in type or lettering of equal size and conspicuousness. For example, your label cannot say:
All parts of the required fiber content information must appear in immediate proximity to each other.
You can use other non-deceptive terms that accurately describe the fiber. For example:
100% crosslinked
Other non-required information may appear on the label with the required disclosures. Additional information cannot be deceptive or misleading and cannot minimize, detract from or conflict with the required information.
The country of origin must be on the front of the label. Fiber content and the identity of the manufacturer or dealer may appear on the back of a label. In that case, the label must be attached to the product only at one end so the reverse side is accessible.
Note: The phrase “Fiber Content on Reverse Side” is not required.
Disclosures must be in English. They also can be in other languages, as long as the English version is included.
Exception: The English language requirement does not apply to disclosures in advertisements in foreign language newspapers or periodicals. The words of required disclosures cannot be abbreviated, designated by ditto marks, or placed in footnotes.
Abbreviations of certain country names are excepted as well.
Examples of Correct Labels
RN 00003 55% polyester
KANGAROO IMPORTS, INC.
Front of Label Back of Label
ElegantLines™
of imported fabric 100% silk
RN00001
Label(s) with required information must be securely attached to the product until it is delivered to the consumer, but they don’t need to be permanently attached. Note: Many consumers and professional cleaners consider it important to have fiber information on a permanent label. Garments must have care instructions on a permanent label, so it may be useful to have fiber and care information on the same label.
Example: In a jacket or blazer, the country of origin must always be disclosed on a label at or near the inside center of the neck. The fiber content and manufacturer or dealer could be disclosed on another label attached to a side seam. However, the fiber and manufacturer or dealer information should not be on a label attached to the inside of the elbow because it wouldn’t be conspicuous and readily accessible.
The required information must appear on a conspicuous and readily accessible label(s) on the inside or outside of other kinds of textile products.
Example: In a skirt or pair of slacks, a location on the inside of the waistband is conspicuous and accessible. The inside of a pocket or pant leg isn’t conspicuous or accessible.
Example: In a pillowcase, a location on the inside close to the open end is conspicuous and accessible. A location on the inside of the closed end isn’t.
The country of origin label should not be covered or obscured by any other label.
Special exception for hosiery sold in packages42
Packaged hosiery products don’t need a label on each piece of hosiery in the package, if the package label lists all the required information and the information on the package applies to all products in the package.
Most socks43 must be marked on the front of their packages or labels with the English name of the country of origin. This mark must be placed adjacent to the size designation. The mark must be clearly legible, indelible, conspicuous, and readily accessible to the consumer and as permanent as the nature of the article or package permits.
Exception: A package that contains several different types of goods and includes socks is exempt from this special requirement. However, these packages and their contents are subject to the following labeling requirements.
Other products sold in packages44
For packaged products like T-shirts, the required information must be on each item in the package and on the package. But, if the package is transparent and consumers can read the required information on the labels without opening the package, the package doesn’t need to be labeled.
Note: The provision that required information appear on packages doesn’t apply to items packaged solely for mail order shipment.
Products with two or more items of the same fiber45
If garments or other textile products with the same fiber content are sold in pairs — like socks, mittens or gloves, or in sets like a suit or a set of dinner napkins — only one part of the pair or set needs to be labeled.
Products with two or more items of different fibers46
If textile products are sold as a set, like a tablecloth and napkins, the required information may appear on a single label even if the fiber content is not the same for all parts of the set. The label must separately identify the fiber content of the components.
Tablecloth: 100% cotton
Napkins: 50% cotton, 50% polyester
The items must be labeled separately if they aren’t always sold as a set.
Fabric cut from bolts or rolls in stores doesn’t need a label if the bolt or roll is labeled properly.
Written advertising includes internet advertising, but not shelf or display signs that indicate the location of textile products in a store.
If a written ad for a textile product makes any statement about a fiber, or implies the presence of a fiber, the fiber content information that’s required on the label must appear in the ad, minus the percentages. If you use a fiber trademark in advertising, you must disclose the fiber content information at least once in the ad. The disclosure should include the fiber trademark very close to the generic name of the fiber.
If an ad must include a fiber content disclosure, you must list the fiber names as they appear on the label — in descending order of weight, with fibers constituting less than 5% designated as “other fiber” or “other fibers.” The information must be conspicuous and easy to read, in lettering of equal size.
Other information in the ad can’t be false, deceptive or misleading, or include any terms or representations that are prohibited under the statute and rules. A fiber trademark can’t be used in a misleading way to indicate or imply the presence of a fiber that isn’t present.
You may use terms that truthfully describe a fiber with its generic name, like “cross-linked rayon,” “solution dyed acetate,” “combed cotton,” “Pima cotton” or “Egyptian cotton.”
Specialty cottons: If your ad refers to premium cottons, such as “Pima” or “Egyptian,” make sure it doesn’t convey that the product is made only of the premium cotton, unless that’s true.
When a textile or wool product is advertised in a catalog or other mail order promotional material, including on an internet site, the description must include a clear and conspicuous statement that the item was either “made in U.S.A.,” “imported” or “made in U.S.A. and [or] imported.” Catalog information about origin must be consistent with the information on the label.
Continuing And Separate Guaranties49
A guaranty is a written promise that the textile, wool or fur products covered by the guaranty are properly labeled and not falsely or deceptively described in advertising or on invoices. A separate guaranty is one given for goods in a particular transaction. A continuing guaranty covers all products subject to a particular statute, and may be provided by a seller to a buyer or filed with the FTC.
The Textile, Wool, and Fur Acts do not require sellers to provide guaranties to buyers or the FTC. They are optional. In addition, these Acts don’t require sellers to provide buyers or the FTC with “self-declarations” or “certificates of conformity” about their products.
(1) Separate guaranty (Textile, Wool and Fur products)
A separate guaranty promises compliance with the law for the products listed on the invoice for that transaction. For example, it would state: “We guarantee that the textile fiber [or wool or fur] products specified herein are not misbranded nor falsely nor deceptively advertised or invoiced under the provisions of the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act [or Wool Products Labeling Act or Fur Products Labeling Act] and Rules and regulations thereunder.”
The furnishing of a guaranty is a matter between the buyer and seller. The furnishing or filing of a false guaranty is a violation of the law.
(2) Separate guaranty based on a guaranty (Textile and Wool products only)
This is a guaranty of compliance with the law that is based upon another guaranty, issued by the previous seller of the products listed on the invoice. For example, it would state:
“Based upon a guaranty received, we guarantee that the textile fiber [or wool] products specified herein are not misbranded nor falsely nor deceptively advertised or invoiced under the provisions of the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act [or Wool Products Labeling Act] and Rules and regulations thereunder.”
(3) Continuing guaranty from seller to buyer (Textile products only)
A continuing guaranty from seller to buyer guarantees compliance with the law for all the covered products sold by that seller to that buyer. It would state:
We, the undersigned, guaranty that all textile fiber products now being sold or which may hereafter be sold or delivered to ___________ are not, and will not be misbranded or falsely nor deceptively advertised or invoiced under the provisions of the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act and Rules and regulations thereunder. We acknowledge that furnishing a false guaranty is an unlawful, unfair and deceptive act or practice pursuant to the Federal Trade Commission Act, and certify that we will actively monitor and ensure compliance with the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act and Rules and regulations thereunder during the duration of this guaranty.
Dated, signed, and certified this _____day of _____, 20__, at _____________(City), __(State or Territory) _______________ (name under which business is conducted).
(4) Continuing guaranty filed with the FTC (Textile, Wool, and Fur products)
A continuing guaranty filed with the FTC is a certified statement that all the textile (or wool or fur) products manufactured or marketed by the guarantor are labeled in compliance with the law and will not be falsely or deceptively advertised or invoiced. A business that has filed a continuing guaranty with the FTC can give notice of that fact by stating on invoices or other papers covering the handling or distribution of guaranteed products:
Any person or company in the U.S. that manufactures or otherwise handles covered textile, wool or fur products may file a continuing guaranty with the Commission. The filing of a continuing guaranty is not required by law. However, some buyers may refuse to purchase textile, wool or fur products from a seller that has not filed a continuing guaranty with the FTC. If you file a continuing guaranty with the Commission, you don’t need to provide a separate guaranty to each customer or with each shipment of goods.
Foreign companies cannot file a continuing guaranty with the FTC. In addition, a guaranty received by a domestic firm from a foreign company will not serve as a legal defense if the FTC charges the importer with mislabeling products. An importer is legally responsible for the proper labeling of imported textile, wool and fur products. Importers should periodically test the fiber or fur content of imported goods to verify label accuracy. Importers also should be aware that Customs may test products for fiber content and impound mislabeled shipments or obtain liquidated damages.
The Commission announced an enforcement policy statement explaining that it will not bring enforcement actions against retailers that:
cannot legally obtain a guaranty under the applicable Act;
do not embellish or misrepresent claims provided by the manufacturer related to the Act or Rules and
do not market the products as private label products, unless they knew or should have known that the marketing or sale of the products would violate the Act or Rules.
Continuing guaranties filed with the FTC are effective until revoked. Guarantors should report any change in address or business status promptly. Continuing guaranties filed with the FTC are public records.
The FTC revised the form for filing continuing guaranties. You don’t need to refile continuing guaranties that were filed using the old form. If you need to update your contact or business status information, use FTC Form 31-A.
Record Keeping50
Manufacturers of textile products must keep records showing the required label information (fiber content, manufacturer or dealer identity or RN, and country of origin) for all textile products they produce. The records must show that the requirements of the statute and rules were met and establish a traceable line from the raw materials to the finished product.
Any business that substitutes a label on a textile product must keep records showing the information on the label that was removed and the name of the party from whom the product was received.
The same record-keeping requirements apply to manufacturers of wool products, plus one: their records must show the percentage weight of any non-fibrous filling material.
Summary of FTC Labeling Requirements51
Fur products must have a label disclosing:
the animal name, according to a name guide contained in the rules.
If the animal came from a particular country, the adjective form of the country name may precede the animal name (for example, “Russian Mink”), but isn’t required to.
the name or RN of the manufacturer, importer or other seller, marketer, or distributor.
In general, the requirements for a company name, RN, and label substitution are the same as those for textile and wool products.
the country of origin for imported fur, including country of origin for fur in imported fur products and furs made into fur products in the U.S. For example: “fur origin: Canada.”
Domestic fur products may be labeled to show origin. They also may be labeled to show the state or part of the country they came from. A name that connotes a false geographic origin can’t be used, and domestic furs can’t be labeled or advertised in a way that implies they are imported.
if the fur is pointed, dyed, bleached or artificially colored.
If none of these treatments applies, the fur should be labeled “natural.”
if the fur product is composed in whole or substantial part (more than 10% of surface area) of pieces, like paws, tails, bellies, gills, ears, throats, heads, scraps or waste fur.
the textile or wool content of any part of the product. For example: On a wool coat with fur trim, the label must disclose the wool content as required by the Wool Act and Rules. The content of a fur coat lining must be disclosed if the lining provides added warmth or if the marketer makes a claim about its fiber content.
The label must be conspicuous and durable enough to remain on the fur until it is delivered to the consumer.
All required information must be clearly legible, conspicuous, readily accessible to the prospective purchaser and in letters of equal size and conspicuousness. All of the required information must appear on one side of the label.
The required information must appear on invoices and in advertising for fur products.
Ads for a group of furs with various countries of origin may use the following statement, instead of separately listing the countries: “Fur products labeled to show country of origin of imported furs.” This doesn’t apply to catalog or internet advertising where the customer won’t have the chance to examine the product and its label before purchase.
Advertising of a general or institutional nature that’s not intended to promote the sale of any particular product(s) doesn’t need to include the required information. But, if the ad makes any reference to a color, and the color is due to artificial coloring, that fact must be disclosed.
Note: Congress passed the Truth in Fur Labeling Act in December 2010. The Commission’s exemption to the Fur Products Labeling Act for fur products with a component value of $150 has not been in effect since March 18, 2011.
The Truth in Fur Labeling Act also creates an exemption for furs sold by trappers and hunters in certain face-to-face transactions from home or at temporary locations like craft fairs, provided the sales are not the person’s primary source of income. Read the statute for specifics.
The Commission's amended Fur Rules took effect November 19, 2014.
These provisions are basically the same as those for textile and wool products.
A violation of the Textile, Wool and Fur Acts, or the Commission’s Rules under those Acts, is considered an unfair method of competition and an unfair and deceptive act or practice under the Federal Trade Commission Act.53
The FTC Act provides various remedies for these violations, including issuing an administrative order prohibiting the act or practice that violates the FTC Act. Violators of an administrative order are subject to monetary civil penalties of up to $42,530 per violation. Each instance of mislabeling under the Textile, Wool and Fur Acts is considered a separate violation.
Businesses not subject to a previous administrative order also can be subject to monetary civil penalties,54 an injunction and other remedies, including consumer redress, in a federal district court action. The Commission can bring a civil penalty case against a company that knowingly engages in practices like mislabeling of textile products that the Commission has determined to be unfair or deceptive in prior cases. In this kind of case, “knowledge” refers to knowledge of the law. Because copies of the statutes, rules, and prior decisions in the textile, wool and fur areas have been distributed widely by the Commission, many manufacturers and sellers know the labeling requirements.
See the Clothing and Textiles page for more about the Textile, Wool and Fur Acts and Rules.
The Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (Textile Act), 15 U.S.C. § 70, et seq., and the Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939 (Wool Act), 15 U.S.C. § 68, et seq. The Rules and Regulations under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (Textile Rules) are found at 16 C.F.R. Part 303 and the Rules and Regulations under the Wool Products Labeling Act (Wool Rules) are found at 16 C.F.R. Part 300.
The Fur Products Labeling Act (Fur Act), 15 U.S.C. § 69, et seq.; the Rules and Regulations under the Fur Products Labeling Act (Fur Rules) are found at 16 C.F.R. Part 301.
Care Labeling of Textile Wearing Apparel and Certain Piece Goods, 16 C.F.R. Part 423.
15 U.S.C. § 70a (d).
16 C.F.R. § 303.45(a)(1).
15 U.S.C. § 70j(a).
A backing is that part of the floor covering to which the pile, face, or outer surface is woven, tufted, hooked, knitted, or otherwise attached, and which provides the structural base of the floor covering. 16 C.F.R. § 303.1(m).
15 U.S.C. § 70j(a)(8); 21 U.S.C. § 301, et seq.
For guidance concerning shoes, handbags, luggage, or belts made of leather or imitation leather, see the Commission’s Guides for Select Leather and Imitation Leather Products, 16 C.F.R. Part 24.
16 C.F.R. § 303.45(a)(2)-(9) and (b).
16 C.F.R. § 303.1(o).
The Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939, 15 U.S.C. § 68; implementing rules found at 16 C.F.R. Part 300.
. 15 U.S.C. § 70b(b)(1)-(2) and § 68b(a)(2)(A); 16 C.F.R. § 303.16(a)(1) and § 300.3(a)(1).
15 U.S.C. § 70b(b)(2) and § 68b(a)(2)(A); 16 C.F.R. § 303.3 and § 300.3(a)(1).
15 U.S.C. § 70j(a)(5) and § 68b(d); 16 C.F.R. § 303.12 and § 300.1(k).
16 C.F.R. § 303.1(q) and § 300.1(c).
15 U.S.C. § 70b(b)(2) and § 68b(a)(2)(A); 16 C.F.R. § 303.26 and § 300.16.
15 U.S.C. § 70j(a)(3)-(4) and § 68b(d); 16 C.F.R. § 303.22 and § 300.23.
16 C.F.R. § 303.25 and § 300.22.
16 C.F.R. § 303.10.
16 C.F.R. § 303.24 and § 300.26.
16 C.F.R. § 303.6 and 303.7, and § 300.8(a)-(b).
The procedures for filing a fiber-name petition are found at 16 C.F.R. § 303.8.
15 U.S.C. § 68(b).
15 U.S.C. § 68(c); 16 C.F.R. § 300.3(b).
16 C.F.R. §§ 300.18 and 300.19.
16 C.F.R. §§ 303.1(r) and 303.17, and §§ 300.1(d) and 300.8(c)-(f).
16 C.F.R. § 303.41.
16 C.F.R. § 303.14, and §§ 300.28 and 300.29.
16 C.F.R. § 303.13.
16 C.F.R. § 303.21 and § 300.21.
15 U.S.C. § 70b(b)(2); 16 C.F.R. § 303.43.
16 C.F.R. § 303.43(c).
15 U.S.C. § 68b(a)(2)(A).
15 U.S.C. § 70b(b)(4)-(5) and § 68b(a)(2)(D); 16 C.F.R. § 303.33, and §§ 300.3(a)(4) and 300.25.
19 C.F.R. § 102.21, implementing Section 334 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, 19 U.S.C. § 3592.
15 U.S.C. § 70b(i) and § 68b(e); 16 C.F.R. § 303.34 and § 300.25a.
15 U.S.C., § 70b(b)(3) and § 68b(a)(2)(C); 16 C.F.R. §§ 303.16(a)(2), 303.19, and 303.20, and §§ 300.3(a)(3), 300.4, and 300.13.
15 U.S.C. § 70c(b) and § 68c(a).
16 C.F.R. §§ 303.15 and 303.16, and §§ 300.5, 300.10, and 300.11.
15 U.S.C. § 70b(e) and § 68c(c); 16 C.F.R. § 303.15(c) and § 300.5(c).
15 U.S.C. § 70b(k). These special requirements apply to socks that are classified under subheadings 6115.92.90, 6115.93.90, 6115.99.18, 6111.20.60, 6111.30.50, or 6111.90.50 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the U.S., as in effect on September 1, 2003.
15 U.S.C. § 70b(e) and § 68c(c); 16 C.F.R. § 303.28 and § 300.15.
16 C.F.R. § 303.29(b) and § 300.12(b).
16 C.F.R. § 303.29(a) and § 300.12(a).
15 U.S.C. § 70b(c) and § 68b(e); 16 C.F.R. §§ 303.40, 303.41, and 303.42.
16 C.F.R. § 303.34 and § 300.25a.
15 U.S.C. § 70h and 16 C.F.R. §§ 303.36, 303.37, and 303.38 (Textile Act and Rules); 15 U.S.C. § 68g and 16 C.F.R. §§ 300.32, 300.33, 300.34 (Wool Act and Rules); and 15 U.S.C. § 69h and 16 C.F.R. §§ 301.46, 301.47, 301.48, and 301.48a (Fur Act and Rules).
15 U.S.C. § 70d and § 68d(b); 16 C.F.R. § 303.39 and § 300.31.
15 U.S.C. § 69, et seq.; 16 C.F.R. Part 301.
19 U.S.C. § 1308.
15 U.S.C. §§ 70a and 70e; 15 U.S.C. §§ 68a and 68d; 15 U.S.C. §§ 69a and 69f; and 15 U.S.C. § 41, et seq.
15 U.S.C. § 45(m)(1)(B).