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Licenza d'uso concessa a UNIVERSITA' CENTRO ATENEO DOC.POLO MONTE DAGO per l'abbonamento anno 2008.
Impianti di riscaldamento degli edifici
NORMA E U R OP E A
Metodo per il calcolo dei requisiti energetici e dei rendimenti dellimpianto
Parte 4-6: Sistemi di generazione del calore, sistemi fotovoltaici
MAGGIO 2008 Heating systems in buildings
Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems La norma fa parte di una serie di norme sul metodo per il calcolo dei requisiti energetici e dei rendimenti dellimpianto. La norma ha lo scopo di fornire per i sistemi fotovoltaici: - i dati in ingresso richiesti; - il metodo di calcolo; - i dati in uscita risultanti.
La presente norma la versione ufficiale in lingua inglese della norma europea EN 15316-4-6 (edizione luglio 2007).
UNI Riproduzione vietata. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Nessuna parte del presente documento pu essere riprodotta o diffusa con un mezzo qualsiasi, fotocopie, microfilm o altro, senza il consenso scritto dellUNI. www.uni.com UNI EN 15316-4-6:2008 Pagina I
Licenza d'uso concessa a UNIVERSITA' CENTRO ATENEO DOC.POLO MONTE DAGO per l'abbonamento anno 2008. Licenza d'uso interno su postazione singola. Riproduzione vietata. E' proibito qualsiasi utilizzo in rete (LAN, internet, etc...)
La presente norma costituisce il recepimento, in lingua inglese, della norma europea EN 15316-4-6 (edizione luglio 2007), che assume cos lo status di norma nazionale italiana. La presente norma stata elaborata sotto la competenza dellente federato allUNI CTI - Comitato Termotecnico Italiano La presente norma stata ratificata dal Presidente dellUNI ed entrata a far parte del corpo normativo nazionale il 22 maggio 2008.
Le norme UNI sono elaborate cercando di tenere conto dei punti di vista di tutte le parti interessate e di conciliare ogni aspetto conflittuale, per rappresentare il reale stato dellarte della materia ed il necessario grado di consenso. Chiunque ritenesse, a seguito dellapplicazione di questa norma, di poter fornire suggerimenti per un suo miglioramento o per un suo adeguamento ad uno stato dellarte in evoluzione pregato di inviare i propri contributi allUNI, Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione, che li terr in considerazione per leventuale revisione della norma stessa. Le norme UNI sono revisionate, quando necessario, con la pubblicazione di nuove edizioni o di aggiornamenti. importante pertanto che gli utilizzatori delle stesse si accertino di essere in possesso dellultima edizione e degli eventuali aggiornamenti. Si invitano inoltre gli utilizzatori a verificare lesistenza di norme UNI corrispondenti alle norme EN o ISO ove citate nei riferimenti normativi. UNI EN 15316-4-6:2008 UNI Pagina II
Systmes de chauffage dans les btiments - Mthode de calcul des besoins nergtiques et des rendements des systmes - Partie 4-6: Systmes de gnration de chaleur, systmes photovoltaques Heizsysteme in Gebuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung des Energiebedarfs und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-6: Wrmeerzeugungssysteme, photovoltaische Systeme
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Ref. No. EN 15316-4-6:2007: E
UNI EN 15316-4-6:2008
EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................5 1 2 3 4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6 Normative references ............................................................................................................................6 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6 Symbols and abbreviations ..................................................................................................................8 Calculation method................................................................................................................................9 Energy delivered by the photovoltaic system ....................................................................................9 Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules ...................................................................................9 Peak power ...........................................................................................................................................10 System performance factor ................................................................................................................10 Thermal output of the photovoltaic panel.........................................................................................10 Auxiliary energy consumption ...........................................................................................................10 System thermal losses ........................................................................................................................11 Recoverable system thermal losses..................................................................................................11
Annex A (informative) Standards linked to photovoltaic systems...............................................................12 Annex B (informative) Informative values.......................................................................................................14 B.1 Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules .................................................................................14 B.2 Peak power ...........................................................................................................................................16 B.3 System performance factor ................................................................................................................16 Annex C (informative) Calculation examples .................................................................................................17 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................18
This document (EN 15316-4-6:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 Heating systems in buildings, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.); installation of heating systems; commissioning of heating systems; instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.
Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General
Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
This European Standard constitutes the specific part related to building integrated photovoltaic systems, of the set of EN 15316 standards on methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems in buildings. This European Standard presents a method for calculation of the electricity production of building integrated photovoltaic systems. The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the products given in product standards and on other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the products as included in the system. The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard. Only the calculation method and the accompanying input parameters are normative. All values required to parameter the calculation method should be given in a national annex, containing appropriate national values corresponding to the tables given in Annex B.
This European Standard is part of a set of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies. The scope of this specific part is to standardise for photovoltaic systems: required inputs; calculation method; resulting outputs.
The calculation method applies only to building integrated photovoltaic systems. The calculation method does not take into account: electrical storage; PV/thermal photovoltaic systems.
The calculation method describes how to calculate the electricity production of photovoltaic systems. Primary energy savings and CO2 savings, which can be achieved by photovoltaic systems compared to other systems, are calculated according to prEN 15603. Standards linked to photovoltaic systems are listed in Annex A.
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply. 3.1 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs
NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to the a ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation NOTE 2 In EN ISO 9488 the energy used for pumps and valves is called "parasitic energy".
3.2 building integrated photovoltaic systems system where the building envelope (roof, walls etc.) is used to support the photovoltaic panels
3.3 net power production total power produced by the photovoltaic panel minus all auxiliary energy consumption inside the sub-system boundaries 3.4 peak power electrical power of a photovoltaic system with a given surface and for a solar irradiance of 1 kW/m2 on this surface (at 25 C) 3.5 recoverable system thermal loss part of a system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.6 recovered loss part of the recoverable losses which are recovered to lower the energy requirements 3.7 renewable energy produced on the building site energy produced by technical building systems directly connected to the building using renewable energy sources 3.8 renewable energy energy from a source that is not depleted by extraction, such as solar energy (thermal and photovoltaic), wind, water power, renewed biomass
NOTE In ISO 13602-1, renewable resource is defined as "natural resource for which the ratio of the creation of the natural resource to the output of that resource from nature to the technosphere is equal to or greater than one".
3.9 solar irradiance power density of radiant incident on a surface, i.e. the quotient of the radiant flux incident on the surface and the area of that surface, or the rate at which radiant energy is incident on a surface, per unit area of that 2 surface. Irradiance is normally expressed in Watts per square meter (W/m ) [ISO 9488:1999]
NOTE The reference solar irradiance is equal to 1 kW/m .
3.10 solar irradiation incident energy per unit area of surface, found by integration of irradiance over a specified time interval, often 2 an hour or a day. Irradiation is normally expressed in megajoules per square metre (MJ/m ) [ISO 9488:1999] 3.11 system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification, ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system
NOTE Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and directly treated in the related system standard.
3.12 technical building sub-system part of a technical building system that performs a specific function (e.g. heat generation, heat distribution, heat emission, electricity production) 3.13 technical building system technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production composed by sub-systems
NOTE 1 A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, heating and DHW system). NOTE 2 Electricity production can include cogeneration and photovoltaic systems.
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply. Table 1 Symbols and units Symbol A E Quantity area, total surface of all photovoltaic modules (without frame) annual solar irradiation energy in general, including primary energy, energy carriers (except quantity of heat, mechanical work and auxiliary (electrical) energy) f I K P Q T W factor
Unit m Wh/m Wh W/m
c 2 2 a a b
solar irradiance coefficient power in general including electrical power quantity of heat thermodynamic temperature auxiliary (electrical) energy, mechanical work Celsius temperature
W Wh K Wh C
Seconds (s) may be used as the unit for time instead of hours (h) for all quantities involving time (i.e. for time periods as well as for air change rates), but in that case the unit for energy is J instead of Wh. The unit depends on the type of energy carrier and the way its amount is expressed. Coefficients have dimensions; factors are dimensionless.
Table 2 Indices an aux el gen hor in annual auxiliary electricity generation horizontal input ls out losses output rbl ref sol T tlt recoverable reference solar thermal tilt and orientation
perf performance pk pv peak solar electricity (photovoltaic)
Energy delivered by the photovoltaic system
Electricity produced by the photovoltaic system Eel,pv,out is calculated by:
E el , pv ,out =
where Esol Ppk fperf Iref
E sol Ppk f perf I ref
is the annual solar irradiation on the photovoltaic system [(kWh/m )/year]; is the peak power [kW], represents the electrical power of a photovoltaic system with a given 2 surface and for a solar irradiance of 1 kW/m on this surface (at 25 C); is the system performance factor [-]; is the reference solar irradiance equal to 1 kW/m .
This value of Eel,pv,out is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.
Calculation examples are given in Annex C. Take into account also the influence of shadowing effects from various parts of the building (e.g. chimneys, ventilation units) on the annual quantity of electricity produced. For renewable energy produced on the building site, no energy input is taken into account. Epv,gen,in = 0
NOTE 2 This value is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.
NOTE 3 prEN 15603 specifies that for active solar systems, the incident solar radiation on the solar panels is not part of the energy balance. Only the energy delivered by the generation device is taken into account in the energy balance.
Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules
The solar irradiation Esol on the photovoltaic modules is calculated by:
E sol = E sol ,hor f tlt
[(kWh/m2)/year]
Esol,hor ftlt
is the annual solar irradiation on a horizontal surface in a geographic region [(kWh/m )/year]. Values shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see B.1, Table B.1; is the tilt and orientation conversion factor [-] for calculation of the solar irradiation on the photovoltaic module surface. Values shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see B.1, Table B.2.
The peak power Ppk is obtained under standard test conditions (reference testing values of cell temperature