Source: http://www.science.gov/topicpages/a/act+lump-sum+death.html
Timestamp: 2016-10-26 00:48:03
Document Index: 204846827

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 404', '§ 404', '§ 225', 'art 234', '§ 19', '§ 19', '§ 19', '§ 19', '§ 1726', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 4044', '§ 4044', '§ 837', '§ 837', '§ 837', '§ 837', '§ 837', '§ 550', '§ 11', '§ 11', 'art 4022', 'art 4022', '§ 838', 'art 4022', 'art 4022', 'art 223', '§ 84', 'art 772', '§ 831', '§ 223', '§ 222', '§ 217', 'art 234', '§ 217', 'art 234', '§ 217', 'art 234', '§ 217', 'art 234', '§ 217', 'art 234', '§ 20', '§ 20', '§ 302', '§ 302', '§ 302', '§ 302', '§ 302', '§ 302', '§ 137', '§ 137', '§ 137', '§ 137', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 219', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', 'art 4022', 'art 4022', 'art 4022', 'art 4022', '§ 234', '§ 217', '§ 842', '§ 12', '§ 12', '§ 12', '§ 12', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 234', '§ 10', '§ 10', '§ 10', '§ 10', '§ 10', '§ 10', '§ 10', '§ 10', '§ 10']

act lump-sum death: Topics by Science.gov
Sample records for act lump-sum death
20 CFR 234.12 - 1937 Act lump-sum death payment.
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.12 Section 234.12 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.12 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The 1937...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.12 Section 234.12 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.12 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The 1937...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.12 Section 234.12 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.12 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The 1937...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.12 Section 234.12 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.12 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The 1937...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.12 Section 234.12 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.12 1937 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The 1937...
20 CFR 234.11 - 1974 Act lump-sum death payment.
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.11... LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.11 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The total amount... household” as the employee at the time of the employee's death. (Refer to § 234.21 for an explanation...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.11... LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.11 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The total amount... household” as the employee at the time of the employee's death. (Refer to § 234.21 for an explanation...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.11... LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.11 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The total amount... household” as the employee at the time of the employee's death. (Refer to § 234.21 for an explanation...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.11... LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.11 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The total amount... household” as the employee at the time of the employee's death. (Refer to § 234.21 for an explanation...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. 234.11... LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.11 1974 Act lump-sum death payment. (a) The total amount... household” as the employee at the time of the employee's death. (Refer to § 234.21 for an explanation...
... monthly benefits or lump-sum death payments. 404.401 Section 404.401 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY... Nonpayments of Benefits § 404.401 Deduction, reduction, and nonpayment of monthly benefits or lump-sum death....384 of this part for provisions concerning special payments at age 72) or the lump-sum death...
20 CFR 404.392 - Who is entitled to the lump-sum death payment when there is no widow(er) who was living in the...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Who is entitled to the lump-sum death payment...-Age, Disability, Dependents' and Survivors' Insurance Benefits; Period of Disability Lump-Sum Death Payment § 404.392 Who is entitled to the lump-sum death payment when there is no widow(er) who was...
20 CFR 225.26 - Residual Lump-Sum PIA.
... Lump-Sum Payable § 225.26 Residual Lump-Sum PIA. The Residual Lump-Sum PIA (RLS PIA) is used to compute... determining the amount of the residual lump-sum payable, as explained in part 234 of this chapter. The RLS PIA.... The RLS PIA is computed just like the retirement Tier I PIA described in subpart B of this...
22 CFR 19.13-1 - Lump-sum credit.
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Lump-sum credit. 19.13-1 Section 19.13-1... THE FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM § 19.13-1 Lump-sum credit. “Lump-sum credit” is the compulsory and special contributions to a participant's or former participant's credit in the...
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Lump-sum credit. 19.13-1 Section 19.13-1... THE FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM § 19.13-1 Lump-sum credit. “Lump-sum credit” is the compulsory and special contributions to a participant's or former participant's credit in the...
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Lump-sum credit. 19.13-1 Section 19.13-1... THE FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM § 19.13-1 Lump-sum credit. “Lump-sum credit” is the compulsory and special contributions to a participant's or former participant's credit in the...
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Lump-sum credit. 19.13-1 Section 19.13-1... THE FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM § 19.13-1 Lump-sum credit. “Lump-sum credit” is the compulsory and special contributions to a participant's or former participant's credit in the...
20 CFR 725.521 - Commutation of payments; lump sum awards.
... 20 Employees' Benefits 4 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Commutation of payments; lump sum awards. 725.521 Section 725.521 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FEDERAL COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969, AS AMENDED CLAIMS FOR BENEFITS UNDER PART C OF TITLE IV OF THE FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH...
7 CFR 1726.205 - Multiparty lump sum quotations.
..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Procurement Procedures § 1726.205 Multiparty lump sum quotations. The borrower or its engineer must contact a sufficient number...
20 CFR 234.20 - Computation of the employee's 1937 Act LSDP basic amount.
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Computation of the employee's 1937 Act LSDP basic amount. 234.20 Section 234.20 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.20 Computation of the...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Computation of the employee's 1937 Act LSDP basic amount. 234.20 Section 234.20 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.20 Computation of the...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Computation of the employee's 1937 Act LSDP basic amount. 234.20 Section 234.20 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.20 Computation of the...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Computation of the employee's 1937 Act LSDP basic amount. 234.20 Section 234.20 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.20 Computation of the...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Computation of the employee's 1937 Act LSDP basic amount. 234.20 Section 234.20 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.20 Computation of the...
29 CFR 4044.75 - Other lump sum benefits.
... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION PLAN TERMINATIONS ALLOCATION OF... sum benefits. The value of a lump sum benefit which is not covered under § 4044.73 or § 4044.74 is equal to— (a) The value under the qualifying bid, if an insurer provides the benefit; or (b) The...
5 CFR 837.305 - Lump-sum credit not reduced.
... regulation, the amount of an annuitant's lump-sum credit to the Fund shall not be reduced by the amount of... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Lump-sum credit not reduced. 837.305... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) REEMPLOYMENT OF ANNUITANTS Coverage and Contributions § 837.305 Lump-sum credit...
... regulation, the amount of an annuitant's lump-sum credit to the Fund shall not be reduced by the amount of... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Lump-sum credit not reduced. 837.305... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) REEMPLOYMENT OF ANNUITANTS Coverage and Contributions § 837.305 Lump-sum credit...
... regulation, the amount of an annuitant's lump-sum credit to the Fund shall not be reduced by the amount of... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Lump-sum credit not reduced. 837.305... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) REEMPLOYMENT OF ANNUITANTS Coverage and Contributions § 837.305 Lump-sum credit...
... regulation, the amount of an annuitant's lump-sum credit to the Fund shall not be reduced by the amount of... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Lump-sum credit not reduced. 837.305... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) REEMPLOYMENT OF ANNUITANTS Coverage and Contributions § 837.305 Lump-sum credit...
... regulation, the amount of an annuitant's lump-sum credit to the Fund shall not be reduced by the amount of... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Lump-sum credit not reduced. 837.305... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) REEMPLOYMENT OF ANNUITANTS Coverage and Contributions § 837.305 Lump-sum credit...
5 CFR 550.1205 - Calculating a lump-sum payment.
... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Calculating a lump-sum payment. 550.1205 Section 550.1205 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Lump-Sum Payment for Accumulated and Accrued Annual Leave § 550.1205 Calculating a lump-sum payment. (a) An agency...
26 CFR 11.402(e)(4)(B)-1 - Election to treat an amount as a lump sum distribution.
... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Election to treat an amount as a lump sum... EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974 § 11.402(e)(4)(B)-1 Election to treat an amount as a lump... is described in section 402(e)(4)(A) and which is not an annuity contract may be treated as a...
26 CFR 11.402(e)(4)(A)-1 - Lump sum distributions in the case of an employee who has separated from service.
... INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) TEMPORARY INCOME TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974 § 11.402(e)(4)(A)-1 Lump sum... close of the plan year within which the employee incurs a one-year break in service (within the...
20 CFR 10.422 - May compensation payments be issued in a lump sum?
... compensation payments be issued in a lump sum? (a) In exercise of the discretion afforded under 5 U.S.C. 8135(a...-sum payments for wage-loss benefits, OWCP will not exercise further discretion in the matter....
29 CFR Appendix B to Part 4022 - Lump Sum Interest Rates for PBGC Payments
... affecting part 4022, appendix B, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lump Sum Interest Rates for PBGC Payments B Appendix B to... AND BENEFITS BENEFITS PAYABLE IN TERMINATED SINGLE-EMPLOYER PLANS Pt. 4022, App. B Appendix B to...
24 CFR 570.513 - Lump sum drawdown for financing of property rehabilitation activities.
... the parties, the terms and conditions on which CDBG funds are to be deposited and used or returned... and other benefits to be provided by the financial institution in return for the lump sum deposit, and... recipient may be required by HUD to return all or part of the deposited funds to the recipient's letter...
5 CFR 837.602 - Lump-sum payment of retirement deductions.
... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Lump-sum payment of retirement deductions. 837.602 Section 837.602 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL... entitled under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 8342(c) or 8424(d), as appropriate....
24 CFR 84.82 - Provisions applicable only to lump sum grants.
... and B of this part apply to lump sum grants. (a) Financial and program management. Paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section prescribe standards for financial management systems, methods for making payments, budget revision approvals, and making audits. (b) Standards for financial management systems....
5 CFR 831.2005 - Designation of beneficiary for lump-sum payment.
... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Designation of beneficiary for lump-sum payment. 831.2005 Section 831.2005 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED.... (e) A change of beneficiary may be made at any time and without the knowledge or consent of...
... the letter of credit in a lump sum to establish a rehabilitation fund in one or more private financial...) Rehabilitation staffing and management capacity during the period specified in the agreement to undertake... recipient's rehabilitation program administrative costs and the administrative costs of the...
... property rehabilitation activities. 570.513 Section 570.513 Housing and Urban Development Regulations... rehabilitation activities. Subject to the conditions prescribed in this section, recipients may draw funds from the letter of credit in a lump sum to establish a rehabilitation fund in one or more private...
School-Based Management: The Advantages of Lump-Sum Transfers.
Indicates the advantages under school-based management of transferring funds to the individual schools in a lump sum with minimal encumbrances, along with the freedom to transfer funds within the school budget. Transferring money to the schools, along with corresponding decision-making powers, enhances responsibility and accountability. (MLF)
5 CFR 838.1010 - Court orders or decrees preventing payment of lump sums.
... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Court orders or decrees preventing payment of lump sums. 838.1010 Section 838.1010 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT... Affecting Civil Service Retirement Benefits § 838.1010 Court orders or decrees preventing payment of...
29 CFR Appendix C to Part 4022 - Lump Sum Interest Rates for Private-Sector Payments
... List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lump Sum Interest Rates for Private-Sector Payments C Appendix C to Part 4022 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT...
... acceptable sureties, as prescribed in 31 CFR part 223, “Surety Companies Doing Business with the United... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Provisions applicable only to lump... Provisions applicable only to lump sum grants. In addition to the provisions of this subpart E, subparts...
24 CFR 84.80 - Conditions for use of Lump Sum (fixed price or fixed amount) grants.
... (fixed price or fixed amount) grants. 84.80 Section 84.80 Housing and Urban Development Office of the... AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Use of Lump Sum Grants § 84.80 Conditions for use of Lump Sum (fixed price or fixed amount) grants. (a) Heads...
5 CFR 831.2011 - Effect of part 772 of this chapter on CSRS lump-sum payments.
..., when the Board issues a final order cancelling the employee's separation, or when the agency and the... MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Payment of Lump Sums § 831.2011... amount of the lump-sum payment from any back pay to which the employee is entitled as required by 5...
36 CFR 223.64 - Appraisal on a lump-sum value or rate per unit of measure basis.
... or rate per unit of measure basis. 223.64 Section 223.64 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Contracts Appraisal and Pricing § 223.64 Appraisal on a lump-sum value or rate per unit of measure basis. Timber may be appraised and sold at a lump-sum value or at a rate per unit of measure which rate may...
41 CFR 302-6.304 - What factors should we consider in determining whether to offer an employee a lump sum payment...
... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true What factors should we consider in determining whether to offer an employee a lump sum payment option for TQSE? 302-6.304 Section... considered: (a) Ease of administration. A lump sum for TQSE is paid to the employee prior to the occupancy...
... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What factors should we consider in determining whether to offer an employee a lump sum payment option for TQSE? 302-6.304 Section... considered: (a) Ease of administration. A lump sum for TQSE is paid to the employee prior to the occupancy...
... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What factors should we consider in determining whether to offer an employee a lump sum payment option for TQSE? 302-6.304 Section... considered: (a) Ease of administration. A lump sum for TQSE is paid to the employee prior to the occupancy...
20 CFR 222.31 - Relationship as child for annuity and lump-sum payment purposes.
... by the employee's widow or widower after the employee's death); or (3) The equitably adopted child of... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Relationship as child for annuity and lump... UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Child § 222.31 Relationship...
20 CFR 217.10 - Application filed after death.
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application filed after death. 217.10 Section... APPLICATION FOR ANNUITY OR LUMP SUM Applications § 217.10 Application filed after death. (a) A survivor... expenses dies before applying for the lump-sum death payment under part 234 of this chapter....
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Application filed after death. 217.10 Section... APPLICATION FOR ANNUITY OR LUMP SUM Applications § 217.10 Application filed after death. (a) A survivor... expenses dies before applying for the lump-sum death payment under part 234 of this chapter....
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Application filed after death. 217.10 Section... APPLICATION FOR ANNUITY OR LUMP SUM Applications § 217.10 Application filed after death. (a) A survivor... expenses dies before applying for the lump-sum death payment under part 234 of this chapter....
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Application filed after death. 217.10 Section... APPLICATION FOR ANNUITY OR LUMP SUM Applications § 217.10 Application filed after death. (a) A survivor... expenses dies before applying for the lump-sum death payment under part 234 of this chapter....
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Application filed after death. 217.10 Section... APPLICATION FOR ANNUITY OR LUMP SUM Applications § 217.10 Application filed after death. (a) A survivor... expenses dies before applying for the lump-sum death payment under part 234 of this chapter....
29 CFR 4050.10 - Annuity or elective lump sum-beneficiary of deceased missing participant.
..., under which reduced payments (at the 50 percent level) are made only after the death of the missing participant during the life of the spouse (and not after the death of the spouse during the missing... assumptions) of the death benefit payable on the annuity starting date, plus interest (at the...
... probability of the death of the disabled miner and/or other persons entitled to benefits before the expiration... Welfare, and the probability of the remarriage of a surviving spouse shall be determined in accordance with the remarriage tables of the Dutch Royal Insurance Institution. The probability of the...
26 CFR 20.2039-4 - Lump sum distributions from “qualified plans;” decedents dying after December 31, 1978.
... decedents dying after December 31, 1978. 20.2039-4 Section 20.2039-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... DYING AFTER AUGUST 16, 1954 Gross Estate § 20.2039-4 Lump sum distributions from “qualified plans;” decedents dying after December 31, 1978. (a) Limitation on section 2039(c) exclusion. This section...
26 CFR 20.2039-3 - Lump sum distributions under “qualified plans;” decedents dying after December 31, 1976, and...
... decedents dying after December 31, 1976, and before January 1, 1979. 20.2039-3 Section 20.2039-3 Internal...; ESTATES OF DECEDENTS DYING AFTER AUGUST 16, 1954 Gross Estate § 20.2039-3 Lump sum distributions under “qualified plans;” decedents dying after December 31, 1976, and before January 1, 1979. (a) Limitation...
41 CFR 302-5.18 - May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is more than...
... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May I retain any balance... Expenses § 302-5.18 May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is... than adequate to cover your househunting expenses any balance belongs to you....
... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false May I retain any balance... Expenses § 302-5.18 May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is... than adequate to cover your househunting expenses any balance belongs to you....
41 CFR 302-6.203 - May I retain any balance left over from my TQSE lump sum payment if such payment is more than...
... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true May I retain any balance... TEMPORARY QUARTERS SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES Lump Sum Payment § 302-6.203 May I retain any balance left over from... more than adequate to cover your actual TQSE expenses, any balance belongs to you. (E.g., if...
... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false May I retain any balance... TEMPORARY QUARTERS SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES Lump Sum Payment § 302-6.203 May I retain any balance left over from... more than adequate to cover your actual TQSE expenses, any balance belongs to you. (E.g., if...
... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May I retain any balance... TEMPORARY QUARTERS SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES Lump Sum Payment § 302-6.203 May I retain any balance left over from... more than adequate to cover your actual TQSE expenses, any balance belongs to you. (E.g., if...
... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true May I retain any balance... Expenses § 302-5.18 May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is... than adequate to cover your househunting expenses any balance belongs to you....
... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false May a Self-Governance Tribe receive statutorily mandated grant funding in an annual lump sum advance payment? 137.65 Section 137.65 Public Health PUBLIC... HUMAN SERVICES TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNANCE Statutorily Mandated Grants § 137.65 May a Self-Governance...
... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false May a Self-Governance Tribe receive statutorily mandated grant funding in an annual lump sum advance payment? 137.65 Section 137.65 Public Health PUBLIC... HUMAN SERVICES TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNANCE Statutorily Mandated Grants § 137.65 May a Self-Governance...
... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false May a Self-Governance Tribe receive statutorily mandated grant funding in an annual lump sum advance payment? 137.65 Section 137.65 Public Health PUBLIC... HUMAN SERVICES TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNANCE Statutorily Mandated Grants § 137.65 May a Self-Governance...
... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false May a Self-Governance Tribe receive statutorily mandated grant funding in an annual lump sum advance payment? 137.65 Section 137.65 Public Health PUBLIC... HUMAN SERVICES TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNANCE Statutorily Mandated Grants § 137.65 May a Self-Governance...
Purvis, Taylor E.
In 1994, Oregon passed the Oregon Death With Dignity Act, becoming the first state in the nation to allow physician-assisted suicide (PAS). This paper compares the public discussion that occurred in 1994 and during the Act’s implementation in 1997 and examines these debates in relation to health care reform under the Obama administration. I argue that the 1994 and 1997 Oregon PAS campaigns and the ensuing public debate represent the culmination of a growing lack of deference to medical authority, concerns with the doctor-patient relationship, and a desire for increased patient autonomy over decisions during death. The public debate over PAS in Oregon underscored the conflicts among competing religious, political, and personal interests. More visible and widespread than any other American debate on PAS, the conflict in Oregon marked the beginning of the now nationwide problem of determining if and when a terminally ill person can choose to die. PMID:22737056
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Effect of payment on future entitlement. 234.19 Section 234.19 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.19 Effect of payment on future...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Effect of payment on future entitlement. 234.19 Section 234.19 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.19 Effect of payment on future...
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act: The Right to Live or the Right to Die?
Westefeld, John S.; Doobay, Alissa; Hill, Jennifer; Humphreys, Clare; Sandil, Riddhi; Tallman, Benjamin
Two hundred six individuals were surveyed concerning their views about the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, which allows for physician-assisted suicide under certain conditions. Results indicated extensive heterogeneity and strong opinions concerning the act. Implications are discussed. (Contains 2 tables.)
A Critical Analysis of Criticisms of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act
Werth, James L., Jr.; Wineberg, Howard
This article critically examines the validity of common criticisms of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, primarily through reviewing published research and analyses. After summarizing the law and recent developments, 11 areas of concerns are examined: (a) the amount of data collected, (b) the availability of the data, (c) the reporting process,…
Mortality, or Probability of Death, from a Suicidal Act in the United States
Friedmann, Harry; Kohn, Robert
The probability of death resulting from a suicidal act as a function of age is explored. Until recently, data on suicide attempts in the United States were not available, and therefore the relationship between attempts and completed suicide could not be systematically investigated. Now, with new surveillance of self-harm data from the Centers for…
Hsu, T.-S.; Yang, P.-M.; Tsai, J.-S.; Lin, L.-Y.
Cadmium (Cd) induces necrotic death in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) K1 cells and we have established the responsible signaling pathway. Reportedly, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) rescues cells from necrotic death by mediating through the death domain receptor (DR) signaling pathway. We show here that Nec-1 also effectively attenuates necrotic death triggered by Cd. Two other treatments that cause necrotic cell death, one can (z-VAD-fmk/TNF-{alpha} on U937 cells) and the other cannot (etherynic acid (EA) on DLD-1 cells) be rescued by Nec-1, were also studied in parallel for comparison. Results show that Nec-1 is ineffectual in modulating intracellular calcium contents, calpain activity (a downstream protease), or reactive oxygen species production. It can counteract the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) caused by treating CHO K1 or U937 cells with necrosis-inducing agent. However, this effect was not found in EA-treated DLD-1 cells. Notably, Nec-1 elevates NF-{kappa}B activity in the presence or absence of necrosis-inducing agents. Our study shows that, in addition to DR-mediated necrosis, Nec-1 is effective in attenuating Cd-induced necrosis. It rescues cells with reduced MMP implying that mitochondrion is its major acting site.
76 FR 60372 - Application for Annuity or Lump Sum
... alternative signature methods in addition to the traditional pen-and-ink or ``wet'' signature in order to... amends Sec. 217.17 of its regulations in order to allow signature alternatives to the traditional...
76 FR 31262 - Application for Annuity or Lump Sum
... to amend its regulations to allow alternative signature methods in addition to the traditional pen... section 217.17 of its regulations in order to allow signature alternatives to the traditional...
Guénal, I; Sidoti-de Fraisse, C; Gaumer, S; Mignotte, B
Apoptosis and necrosis, two morphologically distinct forms of cell death, can be induced by common stimuli depending on the doses and the cell type. This study compares the protective effect of oncoprotein Bcl-2 and of the small stress protein Hsp27 on these two types of cell death. We use rat embryo fibroblasts conditionally immortalized by the tsA58 mutant of SV40 large T antigen as parental cells to develop cell lines carrying inducible bcl-2 or hsp27 genes. Two apoptotic stimuli were used: shift to the restrictive temperature that induced p53-mediated apoptosis and treatment with low doses of hydrogen peroxide. Necrosis was induced by high doses of hydrogen peroxide. Although Bcl-2 and Hsp27 protect these cells from necrotic death, only Bcl-2 appears capable of preventing apoptotic death. Bcl-2 protection is not mediated by a negative effect on the induction of the p53 responsive genes bax or waf1 but it slows down at least two stages of apoptosis: decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequent morphological changes. In contrast, although Hsp27 has been recently shown to inhibit apoptosis induced by various stimuli, its overexpression has no effect on apoptosis in this cell system. It should be also noticed that the apoptotic stimuli (temperature shift or hydrogen peroxide treatment) induce Hsp27, but not Bcl-2 accumulation suggesting that, in parental cells, Hsp27 might already provide some protection. However, taken together these results suggest that Hsp27, as well as Bcl-2, acts at several levels to inhibit cell death, but that their protective functions only partially overlap. PMID:9233769
Opinions and reactions of physicians in New Jersey regarding the Oregon Death with Dignity Act.
Kersh, S; Cavalieri, T A; Ciesielski, J; Forman, L J
Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) was legalized in Oregon in 1997. In the study reported here, the authors surveyed a sample of New Jersey physicians with regard to Oregon's Death with Dignity Act and to whether similar legislation should be enacted in New Jersey. A 49-item questionnaire was sent to 563 physicians in New Jersey who were licensed in the specialties of family practice, internal medicine, surgery, psychiatry, and obstetrics/gynecology. The questionnaire contained sections pertaining to demographics, physicians' attitudes regarding PAS, and physicians' opinions on Oregon's Death with Dignity Act. A brief summary of the legislation was included in the mailing, which participants were asked to read before completing the questionnaire. Of the 191 physicians who responded to the survey, 55% agreed with legislation that would legalize PAS, and 59% said that a law similar to that enacted in Oregon should exist in New Jersey. However, only 47% of respondents indicated that they believed PAS to be consistent with the role of a physician to relieve pain and suffering. Slightly more than half of respondents indicated that they would refuse to participate in PAS and were concerned about issues such as professional and personal liability and the potential for abuse. Physicians in New Jersey will require additional information, education, and discussion of the ethical and legal implications of PAS before a law similar to that in Oregon could be proposed or considered. PMID:10902406
For the Love of Death: Somnophilic and Necrophilic Acts and Fantasies.
The psychoanalytic literature on somnophilic and necrophilic fantasies and acts is indeed sparse. It is argued here that one must distinguish the forms of fantasy, playacting, and actual behavior that lie along a spectrum of romantic or sexual behavior involving people who are sleeping, drugged, immobile, inanimate, comatose, or dead. Regardless of these distinctions, however, the underlying dynamics commonly involve reunion with the mother, an inability to mourn, fear of the female, and an attempt at mastering and transcending the fear of death. To highlight these psychodynamics, a clinical case of somnophilia, Pedro Almodóvar's Talk to Her (a film about romantic relationships with comatose women), and the case of Count von Cosel, a quixotic necrophiliac, are presented. Gender differences are emphasized in the analysis of case material and cultural tropes. PMID:26487106
Tanaka, Kentaro M.; Takahashi, Aya; Fuse, Naoyuki; Takano-Shimizu-Kouno, Toshiyuki
Cell death is a mechanism utilized by organisms to eliminate excess cells during development. Here, we describe a novel regulator of caspase-independent cell death, Mabiki (Mabi), that is involved in the repair of the head patterning defects caused by extra copies of bicoid in Drosophila melanogaster. Mabiki functions together with caspase-dependent cell death mechanisms to provide robustness during development. PMID:24671768
Tanaka, Kentaro M; Takahashi, Aya; Fuse, Naoyuki; Takano-Shimizu-Kouno, Toshiyuki
Two Overlapping Domains of a Lyssavirus Matrix Protein That Acts on Different Cell Death Pathways ▿
Larrous, Florence; Gholami, Alireza; Mouhamad, Shahul; Estaquier, Jérôme; Bourhy, Hervé
The lyssavirus matrix (M) protein induces apoptosis. The regions of the M protein that are essential for triggering cell death pathways are not yet clearly defined. We therefore compared the M proteins from two viruses that have contrasting characteristics in terms of cellular apoptosis: a genotype 3 lyssavirus, Mokola virus (MOK), and a genotype 1 rabies virus isolated from a dog from Thailand (THA). We identified a 20-amino-acid fragment (corresponding to positions 67 to 86) that retained the cell death activities of the full-length M protein from MOK via both the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) activity. We found that the amino acids at positions 77 and 81 have an essential role in triggering these two cell death pathways. Directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the amino acid at position 77 affects CcO activity, whereas the amino acid at position 81 affects TRAIL-dependent apoptosis. Mutations in the full-length M protein that compromised induction of either of these two pathways resulted in delayed apoptosis compared with the time to apoptosis for the nonmutated control. PMID:20631119
The cell's dilemma, or the story of cell death: an entertainment in three acts.
Cells. They assemble, thrive, and cooperate to compose an organism, simple or complex. And like any living thing, they die. They die by catastrophe, they become sabotaged by condition, or they remove themselves on command from within or without. Each small life is followed by a death, to the benefit or the harm of the whole. Our story, here, is not of how each quietus occurs, but instead, of our ongoing effort to understand these tiny demises, to manipulate them, and to some day control them. PMID:26787595
Pinto-Teixeira, Filipe; Konstantinides, Nikolaos; Desplan, Claude
Nervous system development is a process that integrates cell proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death (PCD). PCD is an evolutionary conserved mechanism and a fundamental developmental process by which the final cell number in a nervous system is established. In vertebrates and invertebrates, PCD can be determined intrinsically by cell lineage and age, as well as extrinsically by nutritional, metabolic, and hormonal states. Drosophila has been an instrumental model for understanding how this mechanism is regulated. We review the role of PCD in Drosophila central nervous system development from neural progenitors to neurons, its molecular mechanism and function, how it is regulated and implemented, and how it ultimately shapes the fly central nervous system from the embryo to the adult. Finally, we discuss ideas that emerged while integrating this information. PMID:27404003
07/31/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (text of measure as introduced: CR S6129) (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:
20 CFR 219.64 - When evidence may be required for other reasons.
... reasons. 219.64 Section 219.64 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT EVIDENCE REQUIRED FOR PAYMENT Other Evidence Requirements § 219.64 When evidence... representative when— (1) The employee's estate is entitled to a lump-sum death payment, annuity unpaid at...
20 CFR 234.13 - Payment to a funeral home.
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Payment to a funeral home. 234.13 Section 234...-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.13 Payment to a funeral home. The 1937 Act LSDP is paid to a funeral home under the following conditions: (a) A person who has assumed responsibility for all or...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Payment to a funeral home. 234.13 Section 234...-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.13 Payment to a funeral home. The 1937 Act LSDP is paid to a funeral home under the following conditions: (a) A person who has assumed responsibility for all or...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Payment to a funeral home. 234.13 Section 234...-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.13 Payment to a funeral home. The 1937 Act LSDP is paid to a funeral home under the following conditions: (a) A person who has assumed responsibility for all or...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Payment to a funeral home. 234.13 Section 234...-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.13 Payment to a funeral home. The 1937 Act LSDP is paid to a funeral home under the following conditions: (a) A person who has assumed responsibility for all or...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Payment to a funeral home. 234.13 Section 234...-SUM PAYMENTS Lump-Sum Death Payment § 234.13 Payment to a funeral home. The 1937 Act LSDP is paid to a funeral home under the following conditions: (a) A person who has assumed responsibility for all or...
... 5-1-00 5.25 4.50 4.00 4.00 7 8 79 5-1-00 6-1-00 5.25 4.50 4.00 4.00 7 8 80 6-1-00 7-1-00 5.25 4.50 4...-1-04 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 134 12-1-04 1-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 135 1-1-05 2-1-05 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 136 2-1-05 3-1-05 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 137 3-1-05 4-1-05 2.75 4.00......
... 5.25 4.50 4.00 4.00 7 8 80 6-1-00 7-1-00 5.25 4.50 4.00 4.00 7 8 81 7-1-00 8-1-00 5.50 4.75 4.00 4...-04 11-1-04 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 133 11-1-04 12-1-04 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 134 12-1-04 1-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 135 1-1-05 2-1-05 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 136 2-1-05 3-1-05 3.00 4.00......
Cvitanic, Jaksa Wan, Xuhu Zhang Jianfeng
We consider a problem of finding optimal contracts in continuous time, when the agent's actions are unobservable by the principal, who pays the agent with a one-time payoff at the end of the contract. We fully solve the case of quadratic cost and separable utility, for general utility functions. The optimal contract is, in general, a nonlinear function of the final outcome only, while in the previously solved cases, for exponential and linear utility functions, the optimal contract is linear in the final output value. In a specific example we compute, the first-best principal's utility is infinite, while it becomes finite with hidden action, which is increasing in value of the output. In the second part of the paper we formulate a general mathematical theory for the problem. We apply the stochastic maximum principle to give necessary conditions for optimal contracts. Sufficient conditions are hard to establish, but we suggest a way to check sufficiency using non-convex optimization.
... the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and... 138 4-1-05 5-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 139 5-1-05 6-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 140 6-1-05 7-1-05...-08 3.25 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 181 11-1-08 12-1-08 3.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 182 12-1-08 01-1-09 4.75...
... Federal Register citations affecting part 4022, appendix B, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which... 7 8 137 3-1-05 4-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 138 4-1-05 5-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 139 5-1-05 6...-08 3.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 180 10-1-08 11-1-08 3.25 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 181 11-1-08 12-1-08 3.75...
... citations affecting part 4022, appendix B, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the... 7 8 137 3-1-05 4-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 138 4-1-05 5-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 139 5-1-05 6...-08 3.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 180 10-1-08 11-1-08 3.25 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 181 11-1-08 12-1-08 3.75...
... Register citations affecting part 4022, appendix B, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in... 7 8 137 3-1-05 4-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 138 4-1-05 5-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 139 5-1-05 6...-08 3.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 180 10-1-08 11-1-08 3.25 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 181 11-1-08 12-1-08 3.75...
..., appendix C, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed... 138 4-1-05 5-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 139 5-1-05 6-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 140 6-1-05 7-1-05...-08 3.25 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 181 11-1-08 12-1-08 3.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 182 12-1-08 01-1-09 4.75...
... C, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed... 138 4-1-05 5-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 139 5-1-05 6-1-05 2.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 140 6-1-05 7-1-05...-08 3.25 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 181 11-1-08 12-1-08 3.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 7 8 182 12-1-08 01-1-09 4.75...
... accumulated and accrued annual leave by the applicable hourly rate of pay, including other applicable types of... place (e.g., 0.4444). The agency must convert an annual rate of pay to an hourly rate of pay by dividing the annual rate of pay by 2,087 (or 2,756 for firefighters, if applicable) and rounding it to...
29 CFR Appendix A to Part 4022 - Lump Sum Mortality Rates
....001513 37 0.001643 38 0.001792 39 0.001948 40 0.002125 41 0.002327 42 0.002556 43 0.002818 44 0.003095 45....007543 54 0.008278 55 0.009033 56 0.009875 57 0.010814 58 0.011863 59 0.012952 60 0.014162 61 0.015509 62... 0.074648 80 0.081256 81......
Hao, Cui; Gao, Lixia; Zhang, Yiran; Wang, Wei; Yu, Guangli; Guan, Huashi; Zhang, Lijuan; Li, Chunxia
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs), depolymerized products of chitosan composed of β-(1→4) d-glucosamine units, have broad range of biological activities such as antitumour, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. In this study, peracetylated chitosan oligosaccharides (PACOs) and N-acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides (NACOs) were prepared from the COSs by chemcal modification. The structures of these monomers were identified using NMR and ESI-MS spectra. Their antagonist effects against glutamate-induced PC12 cell death were investigated. The results showed that pretreatment of PC12 cells with the PACOs markedly inhibited glutamate-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. The PACOs were better glutamate antagonists compared to the COSs and the NACOs, suggesting the peracetylation is essential for the neuroprotective effects of chitosan oligosaccharides. In addition, the PACOs pretreatment significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase release and reactive oxygen species production. It also attenuated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further studies indicated that the PACOs inhibited glutamate-induced cell death by preventing apoptosis through depressing the elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activation. These results suggest that PACOs might be promising antagonists against glutamate-induced neural cell death. PMID:25775423
Valmas, Nicholas; Zuryn, Steven; Ebert, Paul R
Phosphine is the most widely used fumigant for the protection of stored commodities against insect pests, especially food products such as grain. However, pest insects are developing resistance to phosphine and thereby threatening its future use. As phosphine inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and reduces the strength of the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), we reasoned that mitochondrial uncouplers should act synergistically with phosphine. The mitochondrial uncouplers FCCP and PCP caused complete mortality in populations of both wild-type and phosphine-resistant lines of Caenorhabditis elegans simultaneously exposed to uncoupler and phosphine at concentrations that were individually nonlethal. Strong synergism was also observed with a third uncoupler DNP. We have also tested an alternative complex IV inhibitor, azide, with FCCP and found that this also caused a synergistic enhancement of toxicity in C. elegans. To investigate potential causes of the synergism, we measured DeltaPsi(m), ATP content, and oxidative damage (lipid hydroperoxides) in nematodes subjected to phosphine-FCCP treatment and found that neither an observed 50% depletion in ATP nor oxidative stress accounted for the synergistic effect. Instead, a synergistic reduction in DeltaPsi(m) was observed upon phosphine-FCCP co-treatment suggesting that this is directly responsible for the subsequent mortality. These results support the hypothesis that phosphine-induced mortality results from the in vivo disruption of normal mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, we have identified a novel pathway that can be targeted to overcome genetic resistance to phosphine. PMID:18755236
Social Security Act, 1987 (No. 10 of 1987), 13 February 1987.
This document contains major portions of Malta's 1987 Social Security Act, which consolidates amendments made to the basic Social Security Act of 1956. The 1987 Act covers provision of free medical aid in the form of drugs, spectacles, dentures, and other prosthetic aids as needed to the head of a household for any member of the household in need if the total weekly income of all members of the household does not exceed a specified limit. Guardians of any orphan of an insured citizen of Malta are entitled to a specified Orphan's Allowance. The Act also authorizes a lump sum marriage grant to any person employed or self-employed for at least 6 months at any time prior to the marriage, and provides for maternity benefits for citizens or spouses of citizens normally resident on Malta. Maternity benefits are withheld from claimants who received the benefits on 3 occasions before the date of the claim and have 3 or more children living at the date of the claim. The Act also provides family allowances of decreasing amounts for each child in specified circumstances. PMID:12346731
This document presents the hearings before the Subcommittee on Child and Human Development on the enactment of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Act Extension of 1978. The purpose of the hearing was to determine the effectiveness of the SIDS program which was established by Public Law 93-270, to determine how it can be improved or expanded,…
20 CFR 10.410 - Who is entitled to compensation in case of death, and what are the rates of compensation payable...
... remarriage. If remarriage occurs at age 55 or older, the lump-sum payment will not be paid and compensation... total of 75 percent of the employee's monthly pay. (f) A child, brother, sister or grandchild may...
20 CFR 404.780 - Evidence of “good cause” for exceeding time limits on accepting proof of support or application...
... limits on accepting proof of support or application for a lump-sum death payment. 404.780 Section 404.780 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950... accepting proof of support or application for a lump-sum death payment. (a) When evidence of good cause...
77 FR 31898 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request
..., the RRB uses Forms AA-11a, Designation for Change of Beneficiary for Residual Lump-Sum; AA-21, Application for Lump-Sum Death Payment and Annuities Unpaid at Death; AA-21cert, Application Summary and...) (hours) AA-11a 100 10 17 AA-21cert (with assistance)...... 4,500 20 1,500 AA-21 (without...
77 FR 44698 - Agency Forms Submitted for OMB Review, Request for Comments
... Comments: The RRB has already published the initial 60-day notice (76 FR 31898 on May 30, 2012) required by... for. To collect the information, the RRB uses Forms AA-11a, Designation for Change of Beneficiary for Residual Lump-Sum; AA-21, Application for Lump-Sum Death Payment and Annuities Unpaid at Death;...
Background The “Patients’ Rights and End of Life Care” Act came into force in France in 2005. It allows withholding/withdrawal of life-support treatment, and intensified use of medications that may hasten death through a double effect, as long as hastening death is not the purpose of the decision. It also specifies the requirements of the decision-making process. This study assesses the situation by examining the frequency of end-of-life decisions by patients’ and physicians’ characteristics, and describes the decision-making processes. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective study of a random sample of adult patients who died in December 2009. Questionnaires were mailed to the physicians who certified/attended these deaths. Cases were weighted to adjust for response rate bias. Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions were performed for each decision. Results Of all deaths, 16.9% were sudden deaths with no information about end of life, 12.2% followed a decision to do everything possible to prolong life, and 47.7% followed at least one medical decision that may certainly or probably hasten death: withholding (14.6%) or withdrawal (4.2%) of treatments, intensified use of opioids and/or benzodiazepines (28.1%), use of medications to deliberately hasten death (i.e. not legally authorized) (0.8%), at the patient’s request (0.2%) or not (0.6%). All other variables held constant, cause of death, patient's age, doctor’s age and specialty, and place of death, influenced the frequencies of decisions. When a decision was made, 20% of the persons concerned were considered to be competent. The decision was discussed with the patient if competent in 40% (everything done) to 86% (intensification of alleviation of symptoms) of cases. Legal requirements regarding decision-making for incompetent patients were frequently not complied with. Conclusions This study shows that end-of-life medical decisions are common in France. Most are in compliance with the
Wendt, G; Kemmel, V; Patte-Mensah, C; Uring-Lambert, B; Eckert, A; Schmitt, M J; Mensah-Nyagan, A G
Clinical observations suggested that gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) protects nerve cells against death but the direct proofs are missing. Here, we combined several approaches to investigate GHB capacity to protect human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced death. To increase the patho-physiological relevancy of our study, we used native SH-SY5Y cells and SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with the wild-type amyloid-precursor-protein (APPwt) or control-vector-pCEP4. Trypan Blue exclusion and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide) assays combined with pharmacological analyses showed that H2O2 reduced native and genetically modified cell viability and APPwt-transfected cells were the most vulnerable. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and activated caspase-3 staining assessed by flow cytometry revealed a basally elevated apoptotic signal in APPwt-transfected cells. Reverse-transcription, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting showed that mRNA and protein basal ratios of apoptotic modulators Bax/Bcl-2 were also high in APPwt-transfected cells. GHB efficiently and dose-dependently rescued native and genetically modified cells from H2O2-induced death. Interestingly, GHB, which strongly decreased elevated basal levels of TUNEL-staining, activated caspase 3-labeling and Bax/Bcl-2 in APPwt-transfected cells, also counteracted H2O2-evoked increased apoptotic markers in native and genetically modified SH-SY5Y cells. Since GHB did not promote cell proliferation, anti-apoptotic action through the down-regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratios and/or caspase 3 activity appears as a critical mechanism involved in GHB-induced protection of SH-SY5Y cells against APPwt-overexpression- or H2O2-evoked death. Altogether, these results, providing multi-parametric evidence for the existence of neuroprotective action of GHB, also open interesting perspectives for
20 CFR 234.42 - How the employee may designate beneficiaries.
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How the employee may designate beneficiaries... RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Residual Lump-Sum Payment § 234.42 How the employee may designate beneficiaries. The employee may designate one or more persons as beneficiaries of the RLS on a form available...
20 CFR 217.11 - “Good cause” for delay in filing application.
... RETIREMENT ACT APPLICATION FOR ANNUITY OR LUMP SUM Applications § 217.11 “Good cause” for delay in filing application. (a) An applicant has “good cause” for a delay in the filing of an application for a lump-sum... time limit. (b) An applicant does not have good cause for a delay in filing if he or she was...
Death Anxiety and Mental Ability.
Templer, Donald I.; Salter, Charles A.
Measures of death anxiety, the Thrustone Interest Inventory, the A-B Scale, and the SAT and ACT aptitude tests, were taken among college students. The implications are discussed in terms of a theoretical five-component biosocial model and its relationship to death anxiety. (Author)
Development of a cyclometalated iridium complex with specific intramolecular hydrogen-bonding that acts as a fluorescent marker for the endoplasmic reticulum and causes photoinduced cell death.
Mandal, Soumik; Poria, Dipak K; Ghosh, Ritabrata; Ray, Partho Sarothi; Gupta, Parna
Cyclometalated iridium complexes have important applications as phosphorescent probes for cellular imaging due to their photophysical properties. Moreover, these properties also make them potential candidates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors and skin diseases. Treatment of MCF7 breast carcinoma cells with a heteroleptic phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complex C2 followed by confocal imaging indicates that the complex selectively localizes and exhibits high fluorescence in the endoplasmic reticulum. In an unprecedented approach, systematic alteration of functional groups or the metal core in C2 to synthesize a series of iridium(III) complexes (C1–C10) and an organometallic rhenium complex C11 with an imidazolyl modified phenanthroline ligand has indicated the functional groups and their interactions that are responsible for this selective localization. Remarkably, the exposure of the cells treated with C2 to irradiation at 405 nm for one hour led to membrane blebbing and cell death, demonstrating a photosensitizing property of the compound. PMID:25341053
TaMDAR6 acts as a negative regulator of plant cell death and participates indirectly in stomatal regulation during the wheat stripe rust-fungus interaction.
Abou-Attia, Mohamed Awaad; Wang, Xiaojie; Nashaat Al-Attala, Mohamed; Xu, Qiang; Zhan, Gangming; Kang, Zhensheng
We identified a new monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) gene from wheat, designated TaMDAR6, which is differentially affected by wheat-Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) interactions. TaMDAR6 is a negative regulator of plant cell death (PCD) triggered by the Bax gene and Pst. Transcript levels of TaMDAR6 are significantly upregulated during a compatible wheat-Pst interaction, indicating that TaMDAR6 may contribute to plant susceptibility. In addition, H2 O2 production and PCD are significantly induced and initial pathogen development is significantly reduced in the TaMDAR6 knocked-down plants upon Pst infection. Thus, the suppression of TaMDAR6 enhances wheat resistance to Pst. Besides, the suppression of TaMDAR6 during an incompatible interaction induces a change in the morphology of stomata, which leads to poor stoma recognition and as a consequence to reduced infection efficiency. The percentage of infection sites that develop substomatal vesicles decreases in the TaMDAR6 knocked-down plants during the incompatible interaction presumably due to the increase in ROS accumulation, which is likely to activate other resistance mechanisms that have a negative effect on substomatal vesicle formation. TaMDAR6 can therefore be considered a negative regulator of PCD and of wheat defense to Pst. PMID:26074061
THOMAS, 113th Congress Rep. Edwards, Donna F. [D-MD-4
01/27/2014 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:
09/15/2014 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.1447, which became Public Law 113-242 on 12/18/2014. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:
Treating the condemned to death.
Sargent, D A
Psychiatrists should refrain from treating mentally ill prisoners on death row in order to restore their "competency to be executed." Such "treatment" renders them double agents, in the service of the state as well as the prisoner. Participation in an act that will bring about a prisoner's death is expressly forbidden by the AMA Code of Ethics. It recalls the behavior of Nazi physicians, who used their professional skills not to heal but to kill. PMID:3804727
The diagnosis of brain death should be based on a simple premise. If every possible confounder has been excluded and all possible treatments have been tried or considered, irreversible loss of brain function is clinically recognized as the absence of brainstem reflexes, verified apnea, loss of vascular tone, invariant heart rate, and, eventually, cardiac standstill. This condition cannot be reversed - not even partly - by medical or surgical intervention, and thus is final. Many countries in the world have introduced laws that acknowledge that a patient can be declared brain-dead by neurologic standards. The U.S. law differs substantially from all other brain death legislation in the world because the U.S. law does not spell out details of the neurologic examination. Evidence-based practice guidelines serve as a standard. In this chapter, I discuss the history of development of the criteria, the current clinical examination, and some of the ethical and legal issues that have emerged. Generally, the concept of brain death has been accepted by all major religions. But patients' families may have different ideas and are mostly influenced by cultural attitudes, traditional customs, and personal beliefs. Suggestions are offered to support these families. PMID:24182378
David, Karen Kate; Andrabi, Shaida Ahmad; Dawson, Ted Murray; Dawson, Valina Lynn
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1)'s roles in the cell span from maintaining life to inducing death. The processes PARP-1 is involved in include DNA repair, DNA transcription, mitosis, and cell death. Of PARP-1's different cellular functions, its role in cell death is of particular interest to designing therapies for diseases. Genetic deletion of PARP-1 revealed that PARP-1 overactivation underlies cell death in models of stroke, diabetes, inflammation and neurodegeneration. Since interfering with PARP-1 mediated cell death will be clinically beneficial, great effort has been invested into understanding mechanisms downstream of PARP-1 overactivation. Recent evidence shows that poly-ADP ribose (PAR) polymer itself can act as a cell death effector downstream of PARP-1. We coined the term parthanatos after Thanatos, the personification of death in Greek mythology, to refer to PAR-mediated cell death. In this review, we will present evidence and questions raised by these recent findings, and summarize the proposed mechanisms by which PARP-1 overactivation kills. It is evident that further understanding of parthanatos opens up new avenues for therapy in ameliorating diseases related to PARP-1 overactivation. PMID:19273119
Encountering Death: Structured Activities for Death Awareness.
Welch, Ira David; And Others
This book is intended to be used as a supplement to standard textbooks on death and dying for college students. Chapter 1 "Encountering Death in the Self" builds the foundation for increased self-awareness for the study of death and dying. Chapter 2 "Encountering Death in the Family" provides activities which are appropriate for a wide variety of…
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1)'s multiple roles in the cell span from maintaining life to inducing death. The processes PARP-1 is involved in include, but are not limited to DNA repair, DNA transcription, mitosis, and cell death. Of PARP-1's different cellular functions, its active role in cell death is of particular interest to designing therapies for diseases. Genetic deletion of PARP-1 revealed that PARP-1 over activation underlies cell death in experimental models of stroke, diabetes, inflammation and neurodegeneration. Since interfering with PARP-1 mediated cell death will be clinically beneficial, great effort has been invested into designing PARP-1 inhibitors and understanding mechanisms downstream of PARP-1 over activation. PARP-1 overactivation may kill by depleting cellular energy through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) consumption, and by releasing the cell death effector apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Unexpectedly, recent evidence shows that poly-ADP ribose (PAR) polymer itself, and not the consumption of NAD+ is the source of cytotoxicity. Thus, PAR polymer acts as a cell death effector downstream of PARP-1-mediated cell death signaling. We coined the term parthanatos after Thanatos, the personification of death in Greek mythology, to refer to PAR-mediated cell death. In this review, we will summarize the proposed mechanisms by which PARP-1 overactivation kills. We will present evidence for parthanatos, and the questions raised by these recent findings. It is evident that further understanding of parthanatos opens up new avenues for therapy in ameliorating diseases related to PARP-1 over activation. PMID:19273119
5 CFR 831.2207 - Partial deferred payment of the lump-sum credit if annuity commences after January 3, 1988, and...
...) Severe cardiomyopathy—Class IV. (I) Aplastic anemia. (J) Uncontrolled hypertension with hypertensive... failure. (N) Severe Hypoxic brain damage. (O) Severe portal hypertension with esophageal varices. (P)...
5 CFR 842.707 - Partial deferred payment of the lump-sum credit if annuity commences after January 3, 1988, and...
... EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-BASIC ANNUITY Alternative Forms of Annuities § 842.707 Partial deferred payment... failure. (D) Respiratory failure. (E) Cor pulmonale with respiratory failure. (F) Emphysema with respiratory failure. (G) (H) Severe cardiomyopathy—Class IV. (I) Aplastic anemia. (J)...
... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Action upon death of..., Amending the Act of June 25, 1910 (24 U.s.c. 136) § 12.21 Action upon death of veteran. Upon the death of a... to that left at the place of death; similar action will be taken when the death of such a...
... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Action upon death of..., Amending the Act of June 25, 1910 (24 U.s.c. 136) § 12.21 Action upon death of veteran. Upon the death of a... to that left at the place of death; similar action will be taken when the death of such a...
... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Action upon death of..., Amending the Act of June 25, 1910 (24 U.s.c. 136) § 12.21 Action upon death of veteran. Upon the death of a... to that left at the place of death; similar action will be taken when the death of such a...
... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Action upon death of..., Amending the Act of June 25, 1910 (24 U.s.c. 136) § 12.21 Action upon death of veteran. Upon the death of a... to that left at the place of death; similar action will be taken when the death of such a...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Election of the RLS by a widow(er) or parent... RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Residual Lump-Sum Payment § 234.47 Election of the RLS by a widow(er) or parent. (a) An RLS cannot be paid if it appears that there are immediate or future monthly...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Election of the RLS by a widow(er) or parent... RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Residual Lump-Sum Payment § 234.47 Election of the RLS by a widow(er) or parent. (a) An RLS cannot be paid if it appears that there are immediate or future monthly...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Election of the RLS by a widow(er) or parent... RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Residual Lump-Sum Payment § 234.47 Election of the RLS by a widow(er) or parent. (a) An RLS cannot be paid if it appears that there are immediate or future monthly...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Election of the RLS by a widow(er) or parent... RETIREMENT ACT LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS Residual Lump-Sum Payment § 234.47 Election of the RLS by a widow(er) or parent. (a) An RLS cannot be paid if it appears that there are immediate or future monthly...
Crib death; SIDS ... However, SIDS is still a major cause of death in infants under 1 year old. Thousands of ... affects boys more often than girls. Most SIDS deaths occur in the winter. The following may increase ...
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of an infant younger than one year old. Some people call SIDS "crib death" because many babies who die of SIDS are found in their ...
20 CFR 10.903 - Is the death gratuity payment applicable retroactively?
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Is the death gratuity payment applicable...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Death Gratuity § 10.903 Is the death gratuity payment applicable retroactively? An employee's death qualifies for the death gratuity if the employee died on or after October 7, 2001,...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Is the death gratuity payment applicable...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Death Gratuity § 10.903 Is the death gratuity payment applicable retroactively? An employee's death qualifies for the death gratuity if the employee died on or after October 7, 2001,...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Is the death gratuity payment applicable...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Death Gratuity § 10.903 Is the death gratuity payment applicable retroactively? An employee's death qualifies for the death gratuity if the employee died on or after October 7, 2001,...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Is the death gratuity payment applicable...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Death Gratuity § 10.903 Is the death gratuity payment applicable retroactively? An employee's death qualifies for the death gratuity if the employee died on or after October 7, 2001,...
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Is the death gratuity payment applicable...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Death Gratuity § 10.903 Is the death gratuity payment applicable retroactively? An employee's death qualifies for the death gratuity if the employee died on or after October 7, 2001,...
20 CFR 10.911 - How is the death gratuity payment process initiated?
... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How is the death gratuity payment process...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Death Gratuity § 10.911 How is the death gratuity payment process initiated? (a... death gratuity payment process. If the death gratuity payment process is initiated by the...
... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Proof of death evidence... COMPENSATION Adjusted Compensation; General § 10.28 Proof of death evidence. Evidence required in establishing proof of death under the act, as amended, shall conform with the requirements set forth in...
... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Proof of death evidence... COMPENSATION Adjusted Compensation; General § 10.28 Proof of death evidence. Evidence required in establishing proof of death under the act, as amended, shall conform with the requirements set forth in...
... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Proof of death evidence... COMPENSATION Adjusted Compensation; General § 10.28 Proof of death evidence. Evidence required in establishing proof of death under the act, as amended, shall conform with the requirements set forth in...
Death by fraternity hazing.
Boglioli, L R; Taff, M L
Fraternity hazing can cause a variety of injuries and deaths. We recently had the opportunity to investigate a heat-related death that occurred during a college fraternity event. The original death investigation did not consider the circumstances of death, environmental conditions, or the subtle autopsy findings related to heat stroke. This case is intended to alert health care professionals that deaths on college campuses may be related to fraternity hazing and may require in-depth investigations. An analysis of the death and a discussion of heat-related injuries are presented. PMID:7771381
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of an infant younger than one year old. Some people call ... boys, African Americans, and American Indian/Alaska Native infants have a higher risk of SIDS. Although health ...
Children's Experience with Death.
Children's concepts of death grow with their age and development The three-year-old begins to notice that living things move and make sounds. The five-year-old thinks that life and death are reversable, but the six-year-old knows that death is final and brings sorrow. Children from eight through ten are interested in the causes of death and what…
Over the past decade, there has been a significant decrease in the hospital mortality of patients with coronary artery disease. However, sudden cardiac death, which accounts for the majority of deaths from coronary artery disease, hasbeen little affected. This report reviews the pathology, electrophysiology, demographics and clinical presentation of sudden cardiac death. Emergency care and possible preventative measures are examined. PMID:356435
Separation, Part I: Death.
Contends literature is the one place where death still abides, where grief is felt and consolation can be sought. States that young readers can gain a recognition in books that death is natural. Discusses death in folk and fairy tales, in 17th-century didactic children's books and in modern and contemporary literature. Outlines characteristics of…
Cell death regulates muscle fiber number.
Sarkissian, Tatevik; Arya, Richa; Gyonjyan, Seda; Taylor, Barbara; White, Kristin
Cell death can have both cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles in normal development. Previous studies have shown that the central cell death regulators grim and reaper are required for the developmentally important elimination of stem cells and neurons in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that cell death in the nervous system is also required for normal muscle development. In the absence of grim and reaper, there is an increase in the number of fibers in the ventral abdominal muscles in the Drosophila adult. This phenotype can be partially recapitulated by inhibition of cell death specifically in the CNS, indicating a non-autonomous role for neuronal death in limiting muscle fiber number. We also show that FGFs produced in the cell death defective nervous system are required for the increase in muscle fiber number. Cell death in the muscle lineage during pupal stages also plays a role in specifying fiber number. Our work suggests that FGFs from the CNS act as a survival signal for muscle founder cells. Thus, proper muscle fiber specification requires cell death in both the nervous system and in the developing muscle itself. PMID:27131625
"Death with dignity" in the Japanese context.
In Japan, "death with dignity" is a widely known term that is distinguished from "euthanasia." It is generally defined as "the act of letting a terminally ill or a patient in a persistent vegetative state die by withdrawing life-sustaining treatment on request in the form of a living will." Most Japanese people consider death with dignity a desirable way of terminating one's life and it is therefore acceptable as a "natural death" or "humane death." Originally, death with dignity was regarded as a passive intervention, but since the 1990s, its connotations have changed in western countries; people claim that voluntary active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide should be legalized as death with dignity or the "right to die." In this paper, I examine the points and problems of this new type of death with dignity and propose an alternative version of death with dignity especially for the Japanese context, i.e. the end-of-life care process in support of terminal living with dignity. PMID:16637137
Infant death scene investigation.
Tabor, Pamela D; Ragan, Krista
The sudden unexpected death of an infant is a tragedy to the family, a concern to the community, and an indicator of national health. To accurately determine the cause and manner of the infant's death, a thorough and accurate death scene investigation by properly trained personnel is key. Funding and resources are directed based on autopsy reports, which are only as accurate as the scene investigation. The investigation should include a standardized format, body diagrams, and a photographed or videotaped scene recreation utilizing doll reenactment. Forensic nurses, with their basic nursing knowledge and additional forensic skills and abilities, are optimally suited to conduct infant death scene investigations as well as train others to properly conduct death scene investigations. Currently, 49 states have child death review teams, which is an idea avenue for a forensic nurse to become involved in death scene investigations. PMID:25642921
Fry-Revere, S; Bastani, B
The US Uniform Determination of Death Act provides two alternatives for determining death-the circulatory criteria and the neurological criteria-yet history and the public's current understanding of death in the US may mean that only brain death criteria can be relied upon without raising public suspicion that the medical profession is sacrificing the well-being of one group of patients (i.e., those dying after traumatic injury) to save another group (i.e., those in need of organs). The problem is exacerbated by existing debate on the appropriate waiting time after which death is inevitable and when the brain should be actually considered dead through prolonged absence of autoresuscitation. Given the difficulty of definitive determination of the time when brain function has ceased, two solutions are proposed: abandon the Dead Donor Rule or redefine death. Implementing the former would mean convincing the public to accept organ harvesting before the dying patient is completely brain dead through the writing of advance directives to permit organ harvest when death is inevitable though not confirmed. For the latter, reeducation would be necessary to persuade the public to accept the circulatory criteria for death as an independent determinant for death or the medical community would need to reconsider if the cessation of higher brain function is enough to be the basis for determining death. In conclusion, organ retrieval policies, no matter how medically sound, should seek to avoid the possibility of a public backlash that could result in fewer organs available for transplant. PMID:25013572
The Effects of Death Education.
Freitag, Carl B.; Hassler, Shawn David
Although fear of death is recorded in the writings of the oldest major religions, the study of death and the fear of death have only occurred for the last few decades. Death education courses have grown in number since the early 1970's. College students participated in an investigation of the effects of death education on death anxiety by…