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Natural Resource Management Plan 2005 - Part 4 chapters 11-12 | Governance | Natural Resource Management
Natural Resource Management Plan 2005 - Part 4 chapters 11-12Uploaded by Scott EvangelouRelated InterestsGovernanceNatural Resource ManagementPartnershipDecision MakingInventoryRating and Stats0.0 (0)Document ActionsDownloadShare or Embed DocumentEmbedDescription: KTKO Limited Natural Resource Management Plan 2005 Part 4 chapters 11-12View MoreKTKO Limited Natural Resource Management Plan 2005 Part 4 chapters 11-12Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)Download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate contentPART 4IMPLEMENTATION, REVIEW AND RESOURCE INVENTORY
11 IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW TE MAHI O TE MAHI ME TE TIROHAKA HOU
This section of the Plan outlines the methods and processes Käi Tahu ki Otago will undertake and advocate for to achieve the objectives and policies set out in Chapters 5-10 of this Plan, as well as the process for future reviews of this Plan.
CHAPTER 11 IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW 139
11.1 INTRODUCTION HE KUPU WHAKATAKI Käi Tahu ki Otago considers that it is imperative to maintain and improve relationships with Local Government Agencies, communities, local and national resource management consultancies and private companies in order to ensure better environmental outcomes and management of te ao türoa. The establishment of high-level partnerships, joint management agreements, genuine working relationships, and improved consultative processes is the means to achieving this goal. 11.2 KÄI TAHU KI OTAGO PARTICIPATION AND INVOLVEMENT KO TE URUKA ME TE MAHI KÄTAHI RAWA O KÄI TAHU KI OTAGO Käi Tahu ki Otago participation and involvement in resource management promotes genuine working relationships between parties that should occur in the spirit of a Treaty relationship. Käi Tahu ki Otago involvement and participation in resource management should consistently and functionally occur at the level of partnership. Käi Tahu ki Otago want to develop partnerships and joint management agreements with: • • • • • • • • • Otago Regional Council Dunedin City Council Waitaki District Council Clutha District Council Central Otago District Council Queenstown Lakes District Council Department of Conservation Otago Conservancy Historic Places Trust Central Government.
Käi Tahu ki Otago encourage the use of Section 33 of the Resource Management Act 1991 which allows local authorities to transfer any one or more of their functions, powers or duties to another public authority including an iwi authority. To date, local authorities have not transferred any of their powers, functions or duties to iwi authorities, although there have been requests. It is recognised that a greater role and higher level of participation will have implications for Käi Tahu ki Otago such as human resources and financial capacity and will therefore need to be resourced appropriately by various partners. 11.3 LEVELS OF PARTICIPATION KÄ TAUMATA MAHI Käi Tahu ki Otago participation in resource management varies in levels from merely being informed of decisions that have already been made (low participation) to working partnerships between equals (high participation). While consultation has achieved some successful outcomes, there is now a need and desire to become involved in higher level partnerships, joint management agreements and decision making in order to achieve the objectives of this Plan.
Ideal Level of Participation • Delegated Management Responsibility • Partnerships • Joint Management Agreements Give Effect To Recognise and Provide For Take Into Account Have Particular Regard For Consider Current Level of Participation • Consultation • Information Dissemination and Provision of Information
CHAPTER 11 IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW
11.3.1 High Levels of Participation Defined A higher level of participation is characterised by a collaborative relationship between partners who agree on sharing the decision-making responsibilities and management for a specific geographic area and/or set of resources. The collaborative management system that is developed would ideally incorporate the following elements. 1. A relationship is formalised by a legally binding agreement (the collaborative management agreement) that explicitly recognises the rights of the parties to the agreement. 2. Structures, at the governance level, will formalise a relationship further and ensure a mandated forum for interaction. 3. Processes must be formalised to ensure appropriate interaction between the parties to a collaborative management agreement. The most important process is that which ensures that the parties to an agreement are able to participate as equals in decision-making. 4. “Management” refers to the range of functions, powers and responsibilities necessary for the management of a particular area or set of resources. 5. Collaborative management agreements should deliver specific outcomes. 6. Collaborative management responsibilities are to be shared on a fair and equitable basis. 7. Parties to a collaborative management system commit to enhancing each other’s capacity to ensure that the parties to the collaboration are able to sustain the relationship. 8. A collaborative management agreement must include mechanisms that enable the system to be reviewed and amended as the relationship between, and the capacity of, the parties develop. 11.4 EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION THROUGH GOVERNANCE RELATIONSHIPS MÄ TE HONOKA KI KÄ MANA WHAKAHAERE KA WHAI WÄHITAKA A relatively recent innovation that has been welcomed by Käi Tahu ki Otago is the development of relationships at a governance level. A variety of mechanisms that are more benefiting a relationship between equal partners have been established. Protocols and Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) establish and cement relationships between Käi Tahu ki Otago and external agencies. MOUs define the macro relationship between Käi Tahu ki Otago and the Head Office of these external agencies, while protocols establish the microrelationship at a local level. Käi Tahu ki Otago currently have a Memorandum of Understanding with: • Otago Regional Council • Public Health South • Otago District Health Board.
Käi Tahu ki Otago currently have protocols with: • Otago Regional Council • Waitaki District Council • Dunedin City Council • Clutha District Council • Central Otago District Council • Queenstown Lakes District Council. 11.4.1 Formalising Governance Relationships Policies 1. Develop MOUs with external agencies to strengthen the relationship with Käi Tahu ki Otago where deemed appropriate by Käi Tahu ki Otago. 2. Develop Protocols with external agencies and commercial entities to guide specific actions and responsibilities. 3. Ensure all MOUs/Protocols are updated and reviewed regularly. 114.2 Decision Making at a Governance Level. 1. To seek the appropriate delegation of powers to the iwi authority. 2. To require Käi Tahu ki Otago representation be clearly visible at all levels within Councils including the decision making level. 3. To ensure Käi Tahu ki Otago representation is clearly visible at the governance decision-making level. 4. To demonstrate that genuine consideration of advice received during consultation reflects a willingness to change and recognition of differing priorities, concerns and values. 5. To require that decisions that are made need to have equal consideration of technical, cultural and other advice provided, including by Ka Rünaka. 6. To investigate joint management opportunities for key resources and areas. 7. To allocate resources to the establishment of effective partnerships and joint management opportunities. 11.5 EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION THROUGH CONSULTATION MÄ TE KÖRERO TAHI KÄ WHAI WÄHITAKA The essential elements of consultation can be defined as: • Prior and informed consent before any decisions are made that affect the status of takata whenua. • Relevant and sufficient information provided to the consulted party so they can make intelligent, informed and useful decisions; • Sufficient time for both the participation of the consulted party and consideration of advice given; • Listening to what others have to say and considering their responses; • Genuine consideration of that advice, including an open mind and a willingness to change. • Silence shall not be taken as approval. 11.5.1 Information Needs Käi Tahu ki Otago has produced a guideline manual, Guidelines for Identifying Iwi Concerns during the Resource Consenting Process 119; to assist Otago Regional Council staff identify what is of interest to Käi Tahu ki Otago, the type of information that should accompany consent applications and the timeframes for approvals. The general information needs of Käi Tahu ki Otago have been reproduced from this guideline in Appendix 35 Information Needs. As the name suggests, this is a guide only and is not a substitute for kanohi ki te kanohi, consultation.
119 Guidelines for Identifying Iwi Concerns during the Resource Consenting Process - Unpublished 2003.
11.5.2 Policy The following policies are to guide the implementation and use of the KTKO NRMP 2005. 1. To require all consultation with Käi Tahu Ki Otago to: • occur at the earliest possible stage • recognise that the nature and extent of Käi Tahu ki Otago involvement will be determined by Käi Tahu ki Otago. • support the development of effective relationships. • allow sufficient time to make informed decisions. • extend beyond asking for opinions, to seeing recommendations and reflecting these in final decisions. • occur kanohi ki te Kanohi. • be adequately supported and resourced. 11.6 INPUT INTO PLANNING AND POLICY OF OTHER AGENCIES URU ATU I TE MAHERETAKA ME TE KAUPAPA O KÄ RÖPÜ TORAKAPÜ ANO 11.6.1 Regional and District Council Annual Planning Käi Tahu ki Otago and the Otago Regional Council meet annually to discuss projects for inclusion in the Otago Regional Council Annual Plan. At present District Councils within Otago do not include Käi Tahu ki Otago in Annual Planning processes. For effective input into annual planning documents Local Government Agencies need to engage with Käi Tahu ki Otago early in the process, through meetings and provision of information, not merely sending a draft of the Annual Plan for input once it has been developed. 11.6.2 Käi Tahu ki Otago and Department of Conservation Planning Each year Käi Tahu ki Otago representatives meet with Kaupapa Taiao (Te Rünanga o Ngäi Tahu) and discuss previous project’s status and any possible project options for the forthcoming year. Käi Tahu ki Otago then meet with the Conservator and other senior managers in November to discuss these projects. Following this the Conservator is required to formally respond to Kaupapa Taiao on the outcome of the business-planning meeting. If this is a satisfactory outcome at this point there is sign-off. If not, Kaupapa Taiao hold formal discussions with the Regional General Manager who then corresponds with the Conservator and eventually provides a response to Kaupapa Taiao. Confirmed projects are then bedded into the draft business plan. 11.6.3 Policies for Input into Planning and Policies of other Agencies 1. Local Government Agencies should meet annually 1 month before the Regional and District Council Annual Planning rounds with Käi Tahu ki Otago. 2. Local Government Agencies planning rounds will take place on a rotating basis between the Local Government Agencies offices and marae. 3. Local Government Agencies should provide Käi Tahu ki Otago with justifications for projects not carried forward into Annual Plans. 4. In developing Long Term Council and Community Plans councils should consult extensively with Käi Tahu ki Otago. 5. A meeting between Käi Tahu ki Otago and the Department of Conservation should be held in November each year at start of the business planning process. Projects to be funded are to be included in the DoC business plan for the subsequent year. 6. There shall be adequate budgets in annual plans that allow local and regional authorities to give effect to Treaty principles and a meaningful consultation process. Should be in annual plan. 11.7 CULTURAL ASSESSMENTS ARO MATAWAI AHUREA Cultural Assessments are a “tool” used by Käi Tahu ki Otago in regards to certain activities and within certain areas. There are different types of Cultural Assessments undertaken, these include Cultural Impact Assessments and Cultural Values Reports.
• Cultural Impact Assessments (CIA) – If a proposed activity has the potential to impact Käi Tahu ki Otago values to an extent that is of concern a CIA may be required. These assessments provide specific technical advise similar to other reports that an applicant may require when lodging a resource consent application, such as ecology, landscape or engineering reports. A CIA will enable applicants to be certain about the potential effects of a proposal on Käi Tahu ki Otago values and clear recommendations can be provided on how applicants can avoid, remedy or mitigate adverse effects. • Cultural Values Reports (CVR) – Increasingly Käi Tahu ki Otago is asked to prepare reports that explain the association of Käi Tahu with a geographic area and/or specific resources. It is similar to a CIA with the principle distinction being that after documenting the cultural values it does not proceed to an assessment of impacts. Often a CVR is not associated with a development proposal e.g. some forestry companies have commissioned them to help them comply with accreditation requirements of the Forestry Stewardship Council. 11.7.1 Cultural Assessment Policies: 1. A Cultural Impact Assessment may be required where: • A proposed activity is: Significant in size Multi-consent in nature • A proposed activity is either on, adjacent to or will directly impact on a site or species of cultural significance to KTKO. • The cultural values associated with the site or in relation to the proposal are not easily assessed and require additional time to that usually applied to an application. • The cultural values of the site are not readily known. 2. Cultural Values Reports will be prepared where: • It is considered necessary to document the cultural values associated with a geographic area and/or specific resources. 3. KTKO Ltd undertakes Cultural Impact Assessments and Cultural Assessments, at the cost of the applicant.
11.8 INCREASED AWARENESS AND CAPACITY BUILDING WHAKATIPU MÄRAMATAKA, WHAKATIPU RAUKAHA 11.8.1 Cultural Monitoring All four Rünaka within Otago are trained and implementing the Cultural Health Index to assess stream health. Kä Papatipu Rünaka monitoring is part of the protection of wähi tapu and wähi taoka. By having cultural monitors on site, the Rünaka can be proactive in ensuring that all precautions are taken to protect sites of significance. 11.8.2 Cultural Workshops Käi Tahu ki Otago believe it is essential that all Local Government Agency employees and natural resource managers and resource users are competent in cultural values, beliefs, roles, structures and outcomes sought by takata whenua. As such KTKO Ltd has developed several cultural workshop packages aimed at increasing the awareness of resource managers, users and elected members and their capacity to address Käi Tahu ki Otago values. Workshop Packages include: • Creation Traditions • Käi Tahu arrival in Te Waipounamu
KÄI TAHU KI OTAGO NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2005 143
Käi Tahu ki Otago Cultural Values Käi Tahu ki Otago and the Natural Environment Te Tiriti o Waitangi Ngäi Tahu Claims Settlement Act - Overview and Implementation Papatipu Rünaka - Roles and responsibilities Cultural/Marae Protocol Consultation with Käi Tahu ki Otago KTKO Ltd – Roles and Responsibility Archaeological - Values and Heritage Management Pronunciation of Mäori words Mihimihi Waiata
Workshops are 4 hours (depending on the number of components) with 15 attendees being the maximum number per workshop. Workshops are interactive and involve participation through activities and questions. Costs of workshops are dependent on number of participants and components presented. More information about Cultural Workshops is available from KTKO Ltd. 11.8.3 Cultural Wänaka for Tourist Operators Käi Tahu ki Otago is concerned by the number of Resource Consent holders particularly in the Lakes District that are not meeting their consent conditions in regards to attending a cultural wänaka. Käi Tahu ki Otago believe that the Queenstown Lakes District Council should support and facilitate Käi Tahu ki Otago presentation of these workshops. Käi Tahu ki Otago is also aware that there are a number of large concession holders that as part of their concession will need to attend a cultural wänaka. 11.8.3.1Policies: 1. All Council staff and councillors should participate annually in a cultural workshop. 2. Resource managers, consultancy firms, should participate in cultural workshops. 3. The Queenstown Lakes District Council to will hold an annual Käi Tahu ki Otago facilitated workshop for consent holders with conditions to attend a wänaka. 11.9 IMPLEMENTATION AND USE OF THE KTKO NRMP 2005 TE WHAKAMAHI I TE MAHERE WHAKAHAERE O KÄ RAWA TAIAO O KÄI TAHU KI OTAGO The following policies are to guide the implementation and use of the KTKO NRMP 2005. 11.9.1 Implementation and Use Policy Accountability for Decision Making 1. To encourage Local Government Agencies to include Käi Tahu ki Otago cultural values as part of their evaluation of discretion and restricted discretionary activities for resource consent applications. 2. There must be no further changes to sections or information provided by Käi Tahu ki Otago once Käi Tahu ki Otago has signed off including changes to consent conditions. 3. Where seen as necessary by Käi Tahu ki Otago, Local Government Agencies shall provide notification and explanations of decisions, particularly with reference to how Käi Tahu ki Otago concerns have been met. Management Agreements 4. To encourage capacity building within Papatipu Rünaka through appropriate resourcing for input into resource management activities. 5. To negotiate contracts for service with management agencies.
Information 6. To promote understanding of Käi Tahu ki Otago cultural values by Local Government Agencies, the wider community, and natural resource management consultancies. 7. To encourage the use of Cultural Impact Assessments as a means of providing Käi Tahu ki Otago cultural and technical input into resource consent activities. 11.10 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW MAHERETIA TE TIROHAKA HOU This Plan is a living, working document that describes the Käi Tahu ki Otago values, issues and policies associated with the use development and protection of natural resources within the region. The on going development of policies, building of relationships with Local Government Agencies and monitoring of the environment will keep this Plan alive and ensure that it continues to evolve and grow The success of the Plan will be measured against the objectives as stated in Chapter 5, Otago Region. The approach of Käi Tahu ki Otago is not to detail desired environmental outcomes, but rather to focus on long-term objectives and the progress towards these values over time. Objectives are based on the values identified in this Plan. 11.11 BROAD SCALE DESIRED OUTCOMES KÄ WHAIHUA WHÄNUI These outcomes provide a benchmark against which Käi Tahu ki Otago will monitor and review progress in achieving our goals. • Protection of sites and areas including: Historical trails. Wähi mahi kohätu. Rock formations. Pä tawhito. Umu. Tauraka ika. • Enhanced access to historical trails. • Accidental protocols in place with resource users and developers to protect any taonga that is discovered. · • Protection in key areas of the cultural landscapes surrounding umu. • Accidental protocols in place with resource users and developers. • Enhanced access to known sites. • Accidental protocols in place with resource users and developers to protect the accidental discovery of taonga. • Protection and, where possible, enhancement of remaining tauraka ika. • Continuing use of tauraka ika. • Continued ability to gather kaimoana from sites of significance along the Otago coastline. • Protection of tauraka waka of historical significance. • Continuing use, where appropriate, of tauraka waka. • Protection of remaining käika. • Enhanced access to known sites. • Accidental protocols in place with resource users and developers to ensure the protection of any taonga uncovered. • Protection of rock art in line with the wishes of Käi Tahu, as articulated by the kaitiaki Rünanga. • Enhanced access to known rock art sites. • Physical protection of all known urupä. • Accidental protocols in place with resource users and developers to protect any accidental discoveries. • Protection of the mana and physical integrity of mauka. • Protection of the cultural landscapes surrounding mauka. • Protection of the ability to gather and use valued mahika kai species, from sites, which are easily accessible, and in a healthy condition. • Protection and, where possible, restoration of wetlands of cultural significance. • The cultural values of rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands and estuaries are maintained.
12 RESOURCE INVENTORY RÄRAKA RARAUKA
This chapter of the Plan outlines the methodology used to develop the Käi Tahu ki Otago Resource Inventory. It also includes information on the future expansion of the Resource Inventory.
12.1 INTRODUCTION HE KUPU WHAKATAKI In order to protect Käi Tahu ki Otago values, resource management agencies must possess an appreciation of the sites that are valued and an understanding of the actions necessary to protect those sites. The difficulty for Käi Tahu ki Otago and resource management agencies to date has been the noticeable absence of appropriate tools and processes that ensure a Käi Tahu ki Otago perspective is incorporated in management. Over the summer of 2003/04, a project to prepare a resource inventory for the Otago region was initiated by Käi Tahu ki Otago with funding assistance from Lotteries Environment and Heritage and the Sustainable Management Fund (Ministry for the Environment). This project was part of the review of the KTKO NRMP 1995 and the development of this Plan. It is a key part of a raft of initiatives that are underway in Otago. The resource inventory has been developed to facilitate more effective input by Käi Tahu ki Otago into resource management, and to enable responsive behaviours from external agencies in relation to cultural issues. The Inventory provides site-specific detail and resource specific information to complement the policy direction established in Chapters 5-10. The Resource Inventory comprises 2 levels of detail: 1. A broad overview of sites of significance to Käi Tahu within the Otago Region 2. A detailed investigation to identify sites of significance within the Karitäne /Puketeraki area. 12.2 METHODOLOGY KAUPAPA WHAKAHAERE Four methods can be used to collect data: 1. Documentary research; 2. River health analyses (Taieri and Kakaunui); 3. Collection of historical photos; 4. Community mapping. Time was spent reviewing methodologies and identifying appropriate methods of data collection given that we wanted to examine the implicit and deep cultural experiences of M_ori when they interact with the environment. The working group agreed that the preparation of the inventory was not to be reduced to a “dots on a map” exercise. The risk with a “dots on map approach” is that a resource consent is approved because the area where development is to occur does not have a dot on the map. Using mahika kai as an example, it is insufficient to put dots (and by inference protect) all the sites Käi Tahu ki Otago inhabited while foraging over nearby lands, if all the habitats, spawning grounds for the species that are gathered, and the actual foraging lands themselves are not also identified as dots and instead appear as a blank on the map. A range of methods were utilised to ensure that every effort is made to make connections between the information that is collected and data held in map form. Another key reason for choosing the final methods was to ensure that this project is not a “one off” collection of data that is static in nature and ultimately limited in use and application. The methods proposed and the data collected are able to be further developed – particularly, so that it is usable in resource management contexts, should Rünaka so choose.
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CHAPTER 12 RESOURCE INVENTORY
Each of the four methods used is described in more detail below. Whether the method was used to collect data for the broader scale inventory or the localised model is also explained. Where possible, an attempt is made to explain how the data collected could be further developed by Kä Papatipu Rünaka. 12.2.1 Documentary research Two individuals gathered data from publicly available sources and information available from Rünaka members. This information was drawn directly onto maps and formed the basis of the broader scale inventory for the Otago region as a whole. This information can be added to a Geographic Information Systems. Two key points to emphasise are that: 1. all the information that was drawn onto the maps is information that was freely given and/or publicly available; and 2. this was a broad-brush approach that we will build on in subsequent years as more locality studies are completed. The following sites of significance were recorded on 1:50,000 topographical maps of the Otago region: • Mauka - important mountains within Otago • Known urupä - human burial sites • Traditional place names • Traditional Käika - occupation, settlement sites • Ara tawhito - ancient trails • Pä Tawhito - ancient pä sites • Tauraka Waka - canoe mooring sites • Tauraka Ika - fishing grounds • Wähi mahi kohätu - quarry sites • Mäori reserve lands • Fishing easements • Wähi raraka - sources of weaving material of historical significance even if these sites are modified or destroyed today. • Mahika kai sites of traditional significance even if these sites are modified or destroyed today. • Repo Raupö - wetlands and swamps of historical cultural significance even if these sites are modified or destroyed today. • Wähi täpuke - buried taoka • Wähi kohätu - rock formations of historical significance even if these sites are modified or destroyed today. • Sites of significance that are included in the Kai Tahi Natural Resource Management Plan 1995 were also marked on the maps. At the conclusion of this task, the following had been completed: 1. 35 topographic maps (1:50,000) covering the Otago region with a key sites of significance to Käi Tahu identified; and 2. A database explaining why each of the sites marked on the maps is of significance. This information is held by KTKO Ltd and is available for use by Kä Papatipu Rünaka in resource management fora. A subsequent step will be to photograph as many sites as possible for inclusion in the inventory.
12.2.2 River Health Analyses Te Rünanga o Moeraki and Te Rünaka Ötäkou have participated in the monitoring of 46 sites in the Taieri and Kakaunui catchments. The method used for assessing the sites in the Cultural Health Index. The monitoring sites are marked on the maps and scores from these analyses are held by the Rünaka. Over time as the number of sites being actively monitored increases, the results will form a key part of the resource inventory material. 12.2.3 Collection of Historical Photos Rünaka members were aware of the number of photos held within the Hocken Library. Many of the photos show key habitats and landscapes around Otago. An individual searched the index of historical photos of the Otago region and obtained copies. Methodologies for storing these are yet to be evaluated. The output from this task was a collection of historical photographs of the Otago landscape, with a particular focus on Waikouaiti, Karitäne, and Puketeraki. If Rünaka wanted to, as a subsequent step, this material could be developed in a historical timeframe visually showing changes. 12.3 FUTURE DIRECTION ARA WHAKAMUA It is hoped that over time other Papatipu Rünaka will replicate the mapping exercise that was piloted with Käti Huirapa Rünaka ki Puketeraki. If the process is to be replicated the following steps are recommended: 1. Define the boundaries of the area that is to be the subject of the investigation; 2. Obtain map(s) and aerial(s) of the area; 3. Identify the key themes (no more than 3 - 4) to be mapped; 4. Identify the information around the key themes that is to be collected; 5. Identify the 15 individuals most likely to old the information that is sought who are to be interviewed; 6. Identify a junior researcher; 7. Develop questions specific to each of the key themes; 8. Undertake the interviews; 9. Analyse the data collected, which includes determining how best to present the data on the map(s); 10. Prepare maps; 11. Convene a meeting of those interviewed to validate the information that was collected. 12.4 INVENTORY FOR THE WAIKOUAITI, KARITÄNE, PUKETERAKI AREA RÄRAKI RAUEMI MÖ KÄ ROHE O WAIKOUAITI, KARITÄNE ME PUKETERAKI As part of the overview of the Otago region, the searches of the literature and historical photos had yielded information about the Waikouaiti, Karitäne and Puketeraki area. This complemented the information gathered by other means, most notably the community mapping exercise. 12.4.1 Community mapping The principal method of data collection for the Puketeraki locality model was a community mapping exercise. This method involved documenting aspects of a Rünaka member’s experiences on a map. In other words it is about telling the story of a person's life on a map. This recognises that over time it is individual life experiences that become part of a collective oral tradition. This technique was not just about obtaining a set of maps for inclusion in a GIS. There were also intangible benefits. Interviews served to reinforce participant’s connections to lands and waters. People interviewed were usually surprised to see how much they have used the land and how much they remember.
KÄI TAHU KI OTAGO NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2005 149 CHAPTER 12 RESOURCE INVENTORY
Please note that it was personal experiences that were sought. Twenty individuals who were identified by the kaitiaki Rünaka were interviewed. The preference was to interview 20 individuals who are older and, given the focus was to be mahika kai, those who were resource users. Participants identified information which was placed directly onto a map with the exact site being confirmed by the interviewee. While personal experience was recorded, participants were also asked to mark sites that he or she have never used or visited but have knowledge about. In this way a limited amount of historical information was sourced. The base map was a 1:12,500 aerial photograph of the area with cadastral boundaries marked. The result of the interviews was 20 overlays for the map. These were then collated onto two composite overlays: • Traditional placenames in the area; • Sites / areas of significance. Previous experience had shown that the risk to this type of project is trying to gather too much information, having too many questions, interviews lasting too long and people losing interest and focus. The decision was made to limit the scope of the interviews to key themes (no more than 3 - 4) and define, via semi-structured questions, the information that is to be mapped120. Once the interviews were completed and the information collated onto overlays, a group of those interviewed were invited to attend a group session to discuss the final overlays. This session are used to validate the data on the map. The outputs from this process were: • interviews with each member – tape and index; • map biography for each interviewee; • two collated overlays that have been validated by the group; • historical photographs; • aerial photographs of the Waikouaiti, Karitäne, Puketeraki area; • a database explaining why the sites are of significance and photographs of 100 of the sites identified in the area. • Source material that was collected. It is important to note that the maps represent a resource in themselves. Further themes could be explored in the future and more overlays produced. 12.4.2 Implementation Methods 1. To ensure “sites of significance” information from Documentary research is available to Papatipu Rünaka for use in resource management decision-making. 2. To encourage Papatipu Rünaka to photograph as many recorded “significant sites” as possible for inclusion in the inventory. 3. Cultural Health Index monitoring sites (46) and analyses within the Taieri and Kakaunui catchments is held within the Inventory by Rünaka. Additional sites to be added over time. 4. Photos showing key habitats and landscapes around Otago collated and copies obtained to be appropriately stored within the Inventory and accessed by Papatipu Rünaka. 5. Papatipu Rünaka within the Otago Region to replicate the mapping exercise that was piloted with Käti Huirapa Rünaka ki Puketeraki. 6. To identify further areas for the expansion of the Resource Inventory model. 7. To identify appropriate storage and access procedures.
120 See Appendix 33 Resource Inventory Questionnaire
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