Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/204701025/Untitled
Timestamp: 2018-11-16 16:03:21
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Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'arts 5', 'art 7', 'art 8', 'art 9']

Untitled | Islamic Banking And Finance | Securitization
010 Islamic Investment-Stock Sukuk
Pel_p09 Report Paarca
11th ICIEF Call for Paper
Islamic Finance Versus Conventional Finance
Securitisation Markets in India
Voice Net Global-3
After A Mixed 2013, The Global Sukuk Market Looks Promising In 2014
Primary Credit Analysts: Samira Mensah, Johannesburg (44) 20-7176-3800; samira.mensah@standardandpoors.com Timucin Engin, Dubai (971) 4-372-7150; timucin.engin@standardandpoors.com Paul-Henri M Pruvost, Dubai (971) 04-372-7175; paul-henri.pruvost@standardandpoors.com Tommy J Trask, Dubai (971) 4-372-7151; tommy.trask@standardandpoors.com Karim Nassif, Dubai (971) 4-372-7152; karim.nassif@standardandpoors.com Rajiv Vishwanathan, CFA, Singapore (65) 6239-6302; rajiv.vishwanathan@standardandpoors.com Christian Esters, CFA, Frankfurt (49) 69-33-999-242; christian.esters@standardandpoors.com Eric Gretch, New York (1) 212-438-6791; eric.gretch@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contacts: Trevor Cullinan, Dubai (971) 4372-7113; trevor.cullinan@standardandpoors.com Mohamed Damak, Paris 33144207320; mohamed.damak@standardandpoors.com Media Contact: Lisa Nugent, London (44) 20-7176-3501; lisa.nugent@standardandpoors.com
Changing Market Characteristics Economic Conditions Remain Favorable, Although Some Risks Remain Economic Growth And Regulation Support UAE And Qatari Banks' Issuance Sovereign Issuers Dominate, But Will It Last? Corporate Issuance Could Accelerate In 2014-2015 Domestic Regulations And A Push From Multilateral Institutions Place Sukuk Center Stage The Market Is Evolving, But There's Still Some Way To Go
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Appendix: Standard & Poor's Role In The Market Related Criteria And Research
Despite some headwinds, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services believes the long-term prospects for the sukuk industry remain promising as regulators continue to build and strengthen their frameworks to minimize barriers in the market and deepen liquidity. Malaysia already benefits from a broad sukuk investor base and liquid debt market. So the increased interest from issuers, notably in the Middle East and Asia, in tapping the Malaysian ringgit and U.S. dollar market should in our view continue over the next few years as Malaysia cements its leading position in the industry. After a slowdown in 2013, with sukuk volumes declining by 13%, we anticipate that the sukuk industry will expand again in 2014, partly driven by corporate and infrastructure issuers in the Gulf. What's more, total issuance will exceed $100 billion for the third year in a row if yields remain attractive for issuers. And, after weakening in 2013, we believe issuance could pick up again in Malaysia in 2014 as its investment program resumes. Overview • Growth in sukuk issuance should resume in 2014, and exceed $100 billion. • We anticipate double-digit growth in issuance by Gulf corporate and infrastructure entities, due in part to large infrastructure financing needs. • Increasing private issuance could signal a change in the sukuk market characteristics. • Sovereign sukuk could be slowly emerging as an alternative to fund growth in African countries. • We believe a regulatory push is necessary to strengthen frameworks, lower barriers to entry, and deepen liquidity in the sukuk markets.
Global sukuk issuance declined by 13% in 2013 (see chart 1). This slowdown coincided with the U.S Federal Reserve's (Fed's) announcement that it would taper its quantitative easing program. As the dominant sukuk issuer, Malaysia experienced a 25% decline in 2013, in the context of slower investment growth. Over the past decade, a large public investment program has spurred issuance in Malaysia. Now that the country is adopting private sector investment, we believe non-sovereign issuance could accelerate in 2014-2015, continuing the trend witnessed in 2013 at a global level.
We contend that there are two main regions for sukuk issuance. The first is Asia, particularly Malaysia. The second is Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates or UAE). Of the latter, we see the UAE and Saudi Arabia continuing to lead sukuk issuance owing to our projections that the relatively strong investment and GDP growth in these countries should be maintained in 2014. At the same time, we believe that global growth in sukuk issuance could be further supported through: • Stabilizing or improving investment projections in key markets such as Malaysia. • Meeting the high demand for infrastructure spending across the GCC, where we expect issuance to continue climbing at a double-digit pace in the next two years. • Supportive regulations in the UAE, and the use of sukuk for repurchase transactions with the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO). • Sovereign issuance, which could assist the development of sukuk markets in African countries looking to fund growth and diversify fiscal funding. In addition, refinancing activities could boost the sukuk market as a result of the stock of both Islamic and conventional financings maturing in 2014. We estimate that about $50 billion of sukuk will mature in 2014 (see chart 2).
Economic Conditions Remain Favorable, Although Some Risks Remain
Our economists are projecting relatively strong economic growth in key sukuk issuing countries including Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE in 2014. That said, we expect Malaysia's public investment program to continue to drive sukuk issuance throughout the year. Malaysia continued to dominate sukuk issuance in 2013, although its issuance was weaker than in previous years. On a positive note, our concerns regarding the potential fallout from an economic hard landing in China have faded. As a result, we maintain our base-case GDP growth forecasts for Asia-Pacific and notably Malaysia (at 5.2% in 2014; see chart 3).
We also forecast that oil prices will remain close to $100 per barrel (see "Standard & Poor's Revises Its Crude Oil And Natural Gas Price Assumptions," Nov. 20, 2013, on RatingsDirect). Furthermore, we see good economic prospects in major Gulf countries, which should translate into lending and balance-sheet growth opportunities for the banks. This, in turn, should trigger some issuance in the debt capital markets. Issuance from Saudi Arabia, as well as key hydrocarbon exporters with large infrastructure needs such as the UAE and Qatar, should benefit from a robust economy in 2014. Despite a sustained period of political and social unrest in some Middle Eastern and North African countries since 2011, we anticipate resilient economic growth in 2014 (see "Diverging Fortunes Prevail As Stability Eludes Some MENA Sovereigns," published Dec. 17, 2013). We also forecast that oil production will increase in Bahrain and Kuwait. In this context, Bahrain might resume a stronger level of sukuk issuance. Indeed, local currency sukuk issuance across GCC states may continue to be used as a means of developing the local capital markets. On the downside, although not part of our base-case credit scenario, a significant drop in oil prices or an increase in geopolitical tensions could affect economic stability and adversely affect issuance in the region.
Economic Growth And Regulation Support UAE And Qatari Banks' Issuance
Traditionally, financial institutions in the UAE and Saudi Arabia have led sukuk issuance in the Gulf, with sporadic issues from Qatar. In 2013, two conventional Saudi banks issued sukuk totaling $1.5 billion, representing 42.3% of total regional issuance, whereas issuance by Islamic banks in the UAE represented 57.7% of regional issuance. We expect to see a healthy issuance volume in the GCC in 2014 as a result of the supportive economy and regulatory developments. However, we believe the Fed's move to taper its quantitative easing program could influence issuance through a shift toward local currencies from dollar-denominated issuances. Banks in Saudi Arabia will likely continue to display double-digit credit growth in 2014, which could add further support for sukuk issuance. There were visible signs of recovery in credit growth in 2013, which we believe will accelerate in 2014 owing to the strong business environment and a number of new projects announced. In addition, the UAE central bank announced the final form of its tightening of large lending exposures rules in November 2013 (see "How The UAE's Lending Caps Affect Domestic Banks, Government Entities, And The Capital Markets," published Jan. 13, 2014). We expect this regulation to push GREs toward the debt and sukuk markets in the medium term. We also witnessed some innovation in the market as banks issued sukuk to strengthen their capital ratios. Dubai Islamic Bank, for example, issued a $1 billion Tier I perpetual note in March, while The Saudi British Bank issued a Tier II subordinated note of Saudi Arabian riyal 4 billion ($1.1 billion) in November 2013. In Qatar, despite a slowdown in credit growth largely due to administrative delays in certain projects in 2013, we expect credit growth to accelerate in 2014. The Qatari Islamic banks continue to maintain strong credit growth and we anticipate that they will become more active issuers of sukuk over the next few years (see "Qatar's Islamic Banks Are On A Fast Track To Growth," published Sept. 16, 2013).
Sovereign Issuers Dominate, But Will It Last?
We believe sovereign and sovereign-related issuance, including corporate and infrastructure GREs, will continue to dominate the sukuk market in 2014, as it has in past years (see chart 4). Sovereign and quasi-sovereign sukuk, which accounted for 75% of the total in 2013, are primarily issued in Malaysia. External issuance out of Malaysia slowed in the second half of 2013, reflecting the country's investment cutbacks. That said, we expect Malaysia's public investment program, as illustrated by the $2 billion dual tranche in 2011, will continue to influence sukuk issuance in 2014-2015. Looking ahead, favorable economic environment in Asia and GCC member states, embracing China's economic soft landing and the still-strong investment pipeline in Malaysia, provide good prospects in terms of sukuk volumes.
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From a sovereign perspective, sukuk can give governments access to a new investor base by diversifying their sources of fiscal funding. Sukuk issued to foreign investors can also help to cover external financing needs and support reserve building. This is important for countries with sizable external funding needs, such as those in North Africa, but less so for GCC countries (see charts 5 and 6). We believe that for investors looking to buy Islamic bonds outside of traditional markets like Asia and the GCC region, Africa may soon offer a fresh alternative. In recent years, Senegal and South Africa have indicated that they are looking to issue sukuk, while North African countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, and Morocco have finalized or are finalizing their legal frameworks to promote sukuk issuance.
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Elsewhere in Africa, the small ($62 million) Nigerian sharia-compliant bond issued by Osun state in the southwest of the country in October 2013 may signal the start of a fresh source of sukuk. And Senegal's plan to issue a $200 million sukuk in the first quarter of 2014 to fund infrastructure projects is drawing on support from the Islamic Development Bank. We believe that the use of Islamic finance could help Africa pay for multibillion dollars' worth of infrastructure projects a year and help fund countries' fiscal deficits. African nations are also looking to diversify their funding sources and gain access to a pool of wealthy investors from the Middle East--investors who can only invest in sharia-compliant products. In 2012, for instance, Sudan sold $160 million worth of sukuk while Gambia has been issuing short-term sukuk over the past few years.
Corporate Issuance Could Accelerate In 2014-2015
For the first time since 2007, corporate issuance rose in 2013 as sovereign issuance declined. As a sign of possibly changing market characteristics, non-sovereign issuance increased by 20%, while sovereign issuance declined sharply by 26%. Global sukuk market activity across all asset classes largely reflected the trend in Malaysia, which is driven by
sovereign and quasi-sovereign debt issuance. As Malaysia follows its policy of supporting private sector investment, we believe non-sovereign issuance could accelerate in 2014-2015, continuing the trend witnessed at the global level. However, a handful of jumbo-size issuances, like we've seen in the past two years from government and government-related issuers, could easily negate this trend. We believe that the demand for sukuk from GCC corporate and infrastructure issuers is likely to continue to grow in the year ahead after posting a solid increase of 17% in 2013 (2012: 24%) to reach $28.2 billion (see chart 7). Prospects for 2014 largely depend on the direction of interest rates, and to a lesser extent on the relative attractiveness and pricing of other forms of conventional financing compared with sukuk. Sukuk issuance at historically low rates and long tenors by companies such as Saudi Electricity Co., and Dubai Electricity and Water Authority signal to us an increasing depth and maturity of the regional Islamic finance market (see chart 8). These large issuances favor denomination in U.S. dollars to attract international investors, and the Saudi Electricity issue broke a record in tenor with its 30-year maturity, illustrating that the market is broadening and innovating.
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Domestic Regulations And A Push From Multilateral Institutions Place Sukuk Center Stage
Regulatory developments may support sukuk activities
Regulation is a hot topic that we expect to remain center stage over the next few years. The huge demand for finance and the growing popularity of sukuk as a mainstream asset class among fixed-income investors in Asia and the Gulf is pushing countries to establish or enhance their regulatory frameworks. Malaysia is working to cement its position at the head of the sukuk market by attracting global issuers and investors. Over many years, it has built up a strong Islamic debt capital market--alongside its conventional capital market--with well-defined regulation, standard sukuk structures, and a large pool of liquidity. Its successful $2 billion dual-tranche issue in 2011 further contributed to increase supply in the market, deepening liquidity and broadening the acceptance of sukuk structures, including to GCC-based investors. We believe that more non-Malaysian issuers will issue in the Malaysian market in local currency and U.S. dollars in 2014 (see chart 9).
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Elsewhere, we view positively moves to emulate the Malaysian model. Authorities in Dubai and Turkey, for instance, are sponsoring the definition of a clear sukuk framework, to enable the gradual emergence of new Islamic finance "hubs." Similarly, we note that in July 2013 Hong Kong passed an ordinance to create a level playing field for sukuk. This should, in turn, improve the supply-demand characteristics of the global sukuk market. The gradual implementation of the Basel III framework for GCC banks--already in place in Saudi Arabia since Jan. 1, 2013--could help sustain sukuk activity over the next 2-3 years. Higher capital charges for bank financing toward long-term projects is likely to push GCC banks to tap the international debt capital markets more frequently, including in the form of sukuk. Such developments may in themselves be reinforced by the lower involvement of European financial institutions in long-term lending to the region, as part of their strategy to shore up their regulatory capital ratios.
The increased involvement of multilateral institutions may further stimulate sukuk activity
We note that multilateral institutions, either Islamic or states with large Muslim populations, are forming a second layer of support and development of the sukuk market above that of domestic initiatives. The Islamic Development Bank (IDB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and various forums and organizations that gather central banks, are natural and prominent players. These entities partner with domestic regulators to find
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practical solutions to facilitate intermediation and economic and financial integration. Such initiatives can benefit the Islamic debt capital markets in countries currently not core to the sukuk market. Several recent examples include: • The Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) in sub-Saharan Africa, which has agreed that banks can use sukuk issued by Senegal in their repurchase transactions. We understand that the Senegalese sukuk is the first one of a series that will be issued by West African states, and sponsored by the IDB. • An announcement by the IDB that it would add a $10 billion sukuk program on the Nasdaq Dubai Exchange to its two existing programs in London and Malaysia. The IDB's initiative opens up the possibility of higher and more recurrent sukuk activity out of Dubai, and potentially a ripple effect through the GCC region owing to the IDB's high profile. We consider that the size and number of issuances are critical components of deepening liquidity in the marketplace. • ADB's announcement that it could consider issuing sukuk or establishing a multi-billion dollar sukuk program to help its member countries finance their infrastructure project pipelines. • The strong global support garnered for the International Islamic Liquidity Management's (IILM's) first $490 million issuance from its $2 billion sukuk program. This program could further support cross-border capital flows and issuance, in our view. The IILM was founded in 2010 by central banks, monetary authorities, and multilateral organizations to provide Islamic banks with a viable alternative for managing liquidity. We believe globally accepted standards are necessary to minimize barriers for issuers. This will in turn facilitate issuing exercise and allow the industry to achieve critical volumes and deepen liquidity that is so critical for Islamic financial institutions.
The Market Is Evolving, But There's Still Some Way To Go
The sukuk market continues to evolve and innovate. Last year saw the introduction of Tier 1 hybrid sukuk in bank capital structures, longer-term tenors (Saudi Electricity Co.'s 30-year Islamic finance tranche, for example), and corporate and infrastructure sukuk 144A programs enter the market. By contrast, the Islamic capital markets have not yet seen significant diversity beyond the traditional Ijara, Mudaraba, and Murabaha structures, or structured and project finance sukuk. What's more, long-term institutional investors (such as pension and institutional funds) dedicated to investment in sukuk finance are notably missing in key markets such as the GCC, along with an absence of any significant secondary market trading in sukuk in key markets. Without standardization and a long-term investment architecture to support the industry, we are of the opinion that it is unlikely that the sukuk market will reach a new dimension.
The amount of sukuk outstanding that Standard & Poor's rates currently totals about $47.5 billion. We focus on the creditworthiness of the issue we rate, which we determine according to our methodology (see "Standard & Poor's Approach To Rating Sukuk," published Sept. 17, 2007). As a provider of credit opinions, we do not assess the sharia-compliance of an issue or an issuer. We believe that we help contribute to the development of a more active debt market by issuing transparent, independent credit opinions to investors and the market at large. In addition to trends in the sukuk market, we continue to report regularly on developments across key markets in the Islamic finance sector, referenced in the "Related Criteria And Research" section below.
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Sukuk Currently Rated By Standard & Poor's
Sukuk/Trust certificates IDB Trust Services Ltd. Tadamun Services Berhad RAK Capital PETRONAS Global Sukuk Ltd. TDIC Sukuk Ltd. Date of rating Various Program (mil. $-equiv.) 8,000 Issued (mil. Long-term $-equiv.) FC rating 5,600 AAA Regional scale rating --
Obligor Islamic Development Bank Islamic Development Bank Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah Petroliam Nasional Bhd.
Country Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia UAE Malaysia
Maturing Various
2014/16/18 2014
1,300 A 1,500 A-
-axAAA
Tourism UAE Development and Investment Co. P.J.S.C. General Electric Co. Dar Al Arkan Real Estate Development Co. Government of Malaysia U.S. Saudi Arabia
GE Capital Sukuk Ltd. Dar Al Arkan International Sukuk Co. II 1Malaysia Sukuk Global Bhd. CBB International Sukuk Co. (No. 2) Perusahaan Penerbit SBSN Indonesia I Emaar Sukuk Ltd.
FI Corporate/SF
500 AA+ 450 B+
1,250 A-
Central Bank of Bahrain Bahrain
750 BBB
Republic of Indonesia Emaar Properties PJSC [1st issue] Government of Malaysia
650 BB+
Corporate/SF
500 BB+
Wakala Global Sukuk (series 1 and 2) SIB Sukuk Co. II Ltd. (Sharjah Islamic Bank) Perusahaan Penerbit SBSN Indonesia II CBB International Sukuk Company (No.3) ADCB Islamic Finance (Cayman) Ltd Trust certificates
2,000 A-
Sharjah Islamic UAE Bank Republic of Indonesia Indonesia
400 BBB+
1,000 BB+
Sukuk Currently Rated By Standard & Poor's (cont.)
Majid Al Futtaim Holding LLC Saudi Electric Co. Saudi Electric Co. Banque Saudi Fransi State of Qatar Emaar Properties PJSC [2nd issue] Development Bank of Kazakhstan Axiata Group Bhd. Republic of Indonesia Sime Darby Bhd. UAE MAF Sukuk Ltd. Corporate 2012 2017 1,000 400 BBB --
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Qatar UAE
Saudi Electricity Global Sukuk Co. (series 2) Saudi Electricity Global Sukuk Co. (series 1) BSF Sukuk Ltd. SoQ Sukuk A Q.S.C Emaar Sukuk Ltd.
500 AA-
1,250 AA-
FI Government Corporate/SF
2017 2023 2016
750 A 4,000 AA 500 BB+
Development Bank of Kazakhstan Program sukuk* Axiata SPV2 Bhd. Perusahaan Penerbit SBSN Indonesia III Sime Darby Global Bhd. SIB Sukuk Co. III Ltd. DEWA Sukuk 2013 Ltd.
79 BBB+
159 BBB1,000 BB+
Corporate FI Corporate
2018/2023 2018 2018
800 A 1,500 BBB+ 1,000 BBB
axAAA ---
Sharjah Islamic UAE Bank Dubai Electricity and Water Authority Saudi Electric Co. UAE
Saudi Electricity Global SUKUK Co. 2 ABT Sukuk Ltd.
2023/2043
2,000 AA-
Albraka Turk Turkey Katilim Bankasi AS IILM Corp.§ Malaysia
International SF Islamic Liquidity Management 2 SA Dar Al Arkan International Sukuk Co. II Sukuk Funding (No. 3) Ltd. Corporate/SF
500 A-1
Dar Al Arkan Real Estate Development Co. Aldar Properties PJSC
750 B+
*Tranche 1 issued on July 18, 2012. §International Islamic Liquidity Management Center. FC--Foreign currency. FI--Financial institution. SF--Structured finance. UAE--United Arab Emirates. Note: Islamic Development Bank program to be increased to $10 billion. Source: RatingsDirect, as of June 10, 2013.
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The articles listed below are available on RatingsDirect, unless stated otherwise.
• Robust Regional Economies And Healthy Funding Profiles Enable Gulf Banks To Maintain Growth In 2014, Jan. 27, 2014 • UAE Banking Sector Outlook 2014: An Uptick In Lending And Economic Activity Signal Continued Profitable Growth, published Jan. 21, 2014 • How The UAE's Lending Caps Affect Domestic Banks, Government Entities, And The Capital Markets, Jan. 13, 2014 • Diverging Fortunes Prevail As Stability Eludes Some MENA Sovereigns, Dec. 17, 2013 • Credit Conditions: North America's Credit Conditions Remain Favorable Despite The U.S. Government Shutdown, Dec. 9, 2013 • Sukuk Issuance In The Corporate And Infrastructure Sector Should Remain Solid In 2014, Nov. 27, 2013 • Standard & Poor's Revises Its Crude Oil And Natural Gas Price Assumptions, Nov. 20, 2013 • Turkey's Growing Islamic Banking Sector Needs Fresh Capital For An Added Push, Nov. 12, 2013 • Gulf Islamic Banks Continue To Grow Faster Than Their Conventional Peers, But Profitability Rates Are Converging, Oct. 1, 2013 • Qatar's Islamic Banks Are On A Fast Track To Growth, Sept. 16, 2013 S&P's Rating Actions are determined by Ratings Committee. This commentary has not been determined by Ratings Committee. The opinions expressed in this article do not represent a change to or affirmation of Ratings Services' opinion of the creditworthiness of any entity/entities (named or inferred) or the likely direction of ratings.
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