Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4322255B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-12-09 23:46:16
Document Index: 163819908

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 2']

JP4322255B2 - Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
JP4322255B2
JP4322255B2 JP2005507401A JP2005507401A JP4322255B2 JP 4322255 B2 JP4322255 B2 JP 4322255B2 JP 2005507401 A JP2005507401 A JP 2005507401A JP 2005507401 A JP2005507401 A JP 2005507401A JP 4322255 B2 JP4322255 B2 JP 4322255B2
JP2005507401A
JPWO2005013375A1 (en
洋聡 落水
2003-08-05 Application filed by 富士通マイクロエレクトロニクス株式会社 filed Critical 富士通マイクロエレクトロニクス株式会社
2006-09-28 Publication of JPWO2005013375A1 publication Critical patent/JPWO2005013375A1/en
2009-08-26 Publication of JP4322255B2 publication Critical patent/JP4322255B2/en
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a semiconductor device having a transistor using a tensile strained silicon layer and a compressive strained silicon germanium layer as a channel, and a manufacturing method thereof.
In recent years, heterostructures of silicon and silicon germanium have been used to improve the performance of MOS transistors using silicon.
As one method for improving the performance of an NMOS transistor, it is known to form a tensile-strained silicon layer on a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer and use this silicon layer as a channel. Here, as a method of forming a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer, a method of forming a sufficiently thick silicon germanium layer or a relatively thin silicon germanium layer on a silicon layer formed on an insulating film, There is a method of relaxing the lattice by heat treatment. Further, as one technique for improving the performance of a PMOS transistor, it is known to form a silicon germanium layer in a compressive strain state on a silicon substrate and use this silicon germanium layer as a channel.
In addition, with the miniaturization of transistors, there is an increasing demand for reduction of parasitic capacitance and suppression of the short channel effect. As a method for satisfying these requirements, an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) structure in which a channel layer or the like is provided in a silicon layer on an insulating film has attracted attention.
Conventionally, a tensile strained silicon layer has been formed on an SOI structure as described below.
First, a compression-strained silicon germanium layer is formed on a silicon substrate. Next, oxygen is injected into the silicon substrate using a SIMOX (Separation by IM planted Oxygen) technique, and an insulating layer made of a silicon oxide film is formed under the silicon germanium layer. Next, lattice relaxation of the compression-strained silicon germanium layer is performed, for example, by high-temperature heat treatment at 1200 ° C. Next, a tensile-strained silicon layer is formed on the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer.
Alternatively, a compression-strained silicon germanium layer is formed on an SOI substrate in which a silicon layer is formed on a silicon substrate via a silicon oxide film. Next, after the surface layer of the silicon germanium layer in the lattice relaxed state is oxidized and removed by a thermal oxidation method, a silicon layer in the tensile strain state is formed on the silicon germanium layer in the lattice relaxed state.
Incidentally, in order to reduce power consumption, it is necessary to form an integrated transistor by combining an NMOS transistor and a PMOS transistor. However, in the case of a MOS transistor that uses the above-described strained silicon layer or silicon germanium layer as a channel, the required strain state differs between the NMOS transistor and the PMOS transistor. For this reason, it was difficult to integrate on the same substrate.
As a method for integrating an NMOS transistor using a tensile strained silicon layer as a channel and a PMOS transistor using a compressive strained silicon germanium layer as a channel on the same substrate, for example, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 It has been known.
In the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer as an underlayer for forming a tensile strained silicon layer used for a channel of an NMOS transistor, and a compressive strained state used for a channel of a PMOS transistor are disclosed. The silicon germanium layer is formed as follows.
First, an opening reaching the silicon substrate is formed in a region where a PMOS transistor is formed on an SOI substrate in which a silicon layer is formed on a silicon substrate via an insulating layer.
Next, a silicon germanium layer is formed by an epitaxial process on the entire surface of the SOI substrate in which the opening is formed.
Next, lattice relaxation is performed on the silicon germanium layer formed on the silicon layer of the SOI substrate by heat treatment. At this time, by setting the thickness of the silicon germanium layer to a critical film thickness or less determined by the germanium composition ratio and the growth temperature, the silicon germanium layer formed on the silicon substrate exposed in the opening is brought into a compression strain state. can do.
As described above, in the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, the silicon germanium layer formed on the SOI substrate is in a lattice relaxation state in the region where the NMOS transistor is formed, and is compressed in the region where the PMOS transistor is formed. It is in a distorted state. For this reason, in the region where the PMOS transistor is formed, it is necessary to form an opening reaching the silicon substrate in advance. As a result, in the region where the PMOS transistor is formed, the insulating layer does not exist under the compression-strained silicon germanium layer, so that it is considered that there are the following problems.
First, since there is no insulating film between the silicon germanium layer in a compressive strain state used for the channel of the PMOS transistor and the silicon substrate, the effect such as capacity reduction, which is a feature of the SOI structure, is impaired.
Further, since there is no insulating layer below the silicon germanium layer in the region where the PMOS transistor is formed, a large step is generated between the region where the NMOS transistor is formed and the region where the PMOS transistor is formed. For this reason, it is considered that the flatness of the substrate surface cannot be secured and it is difficult to avoid the deterioration of the processing accuracy.
Furthermore, in the conventional technique using the semiconductor layer in the strain state as described above, a technique for controlling the strain state based on the strained silicon germanium layer once formed becomes very important. ing. However, until now, it has been necessary to perform heat treatment at a high temperature for a long time in order to relax the lattice of the silicon germanium layer in a compressive strain state. For this reason, the semiconductor layer and the like that do not need to be heated are heated, and this heat treatment may affect the device characteristics, such as generation of defects and change in impurity profile.
An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device in which a tensile strained silicon layer and a compressive strained silicon germanium layer are formed on the same substrate with good consistency, and a method for manufacturing the same.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device that can selectively control the strain state of the silicon germanium layer in a short time.
JP-A-9-219524
The object is to provide an insulating layer formed on a substrate, a silicon layer formed on the insulating layer, a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer formed on a first region of the silicon layer, and the lattice A first strained silicon layer formed on a relaxed silicon germanium layer, and a first gate electrode formed on the tensile strained silicon layer via a first gate insulating film. A compressive strained silicon germanium layer formed on the second region of the silicon layer, and a second gate insulating film formed on the compressive strained silicon germanium layer. And a second transistor having a second gate electrode.
Further, the object is to form a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer on a first region of the silicon layer formed on the substrate via an insulating layer, and on the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer. Forming a tensile strained silicon layer; and forming a compressive strained silicon germanium layer on the second region of the silicon layer, the tensile strained silicon layer serving as a channel. This is achieved by a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, characterized in that an NMOS transistor to be formed and a PMOS transistor having the compression-strained silicon germanium layer as a channel are formed.
In addition, the object is to form a compressive strained silicon germanium layer on a silicon layer formed on an insulating layer on a substrate, and to irradiate the compressive strained silicon germanium layer with an energy beam. This is achieved by a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising the step of lattice relaxation of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer.
According to the present invention, a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer is formed on a first region of a silicon layer formed on a substrate via an insulating layer, and a tensile strain is formed on the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer. Forming a silicon layer in a state, forming a compressive strained silicon germanium layer on the second region of the silicon layer, using the tensile strained silicon layer as a channel, and a compressive strained silicon germanium layer Therefore, a high-performance integrated transistor can be provided without impairing the effects of the SOI structure such as reduction of parasitic capacitance and power saving.
Further, according to the present invention, since it is not necessary to remove the insulating layer on the substrate, the surface height of the tensile strained silicon layer in the first region and the compressive strained silicon germanium layer in the second region The level difference between the surface height and the surface height can be set within a range that can sufficiently secure the processing accuracy of the manufacturing process.
Further, according to the present invention, a compressive strained silicon germanium layer is formed on a silicon layer formed on a substrate via an insulating layer, and the compressive strained silicon germanium layer is irradiated with an energy beam. As a result, the lattice of the silicon germanium layer in the compressive strain state is relaxed, so that the strain state of the silicon germanium layer can be selectively controlled in a short time. If the characteristics of the PMOS transistor need not be improved so much, a tensile-strained silicon layer can be used for the channel for both the NMOS transistor and the PMOS transistor.
FIG. 2 is a process cross-sectional view (part 1) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a process cross-sectional view (No. 2) showing the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a process cross-sectional view (No. 3) showing the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a process cross-sectional view (No. 4) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a process cross-sectional view (part 1) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a process cross-sectional view (part 2) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a process cross-sectional view (No. 1) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the Raman spectrum of the silicon germanium layer before and after laser beam irradiation.
FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the thickness of the silicon oxide film and the reflectance of the laser beam.
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the wavelength of the laser beam and the lattice relaxation.
FIG. 13 is a graph schematically showing the relationship between the thickness of the silicon germanium layer and the lattice relaxation state caused by laser beam irradiation.
FIG. 14 is a process cross-sectional view (part 2) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the evaluation results.
FIG. 16 is a process cross-sectional view illustrating the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a process cross-sectional view (No. 1) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 18 is a process cross-sectional view (part 2) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 19 is a process cross-sectional view (part 3) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 20 is a process cross-sectional view (No. 1) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the sixth embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 21 is a process cross-sectional view (part 2) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a process cross-sectional view illustrating the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a semiconductor device according to a modification of the present invention.
The semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, and FIGS. 2 to 5 are process cross-sectional views showing the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment.
An insulating layer 12 made of a silicon oxide film is formed on the silicon substrate 10.
The silicon substrate 10 on which the insulating layer 12 is formed is provided with an NMOS transistor region 16 in which an NMOS transistor 14 is formed and a PMOS transistor region 20 in which a PMOS transistor 18 is formed. The NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 are separated from each other by a groove 44 reaching the insulating layer 12.
A silicon layer 34 is formed on the insulating layer 12 in the NMOS transistor region 16. On the silicon layer 34, the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 is formed. On the silicon germanium layer 22, a tensile strained silicon layer 24 is formed. A gate electrode 28 is formed on the silicon layer 24 via a gate insulating film 26. A sidewall insulating film 30 is formed on the side wall of the gate electrode 28. A source / drain diffusion layer 32 into which a dopant impurity is introduced is formed in the silicon layer 24 and the silicon germanium layer 22 on both sides of the gate electrode 28. Thus, the NMOS transistor 14 having the gate electrode 28 and the source / drain diffusion layer 32 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and having the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 as a channel is formed.
A silicon layer 34 is formed on the insulating layer 12 in the PMOS transistor region 20. A compression-strained silicon germanium layer 36 is formed on the silicon layer 34. A gate electrode 28 is formed on the silicon germanium layer 36 via a gate insulating film 26. A sidewall insulating film 30 is formed on the side wall of the gate electrode 28. In the silicon germanium layer 36 and the silicon layer 34 on both sides of the gate electrode 28, source / drain diffusion layers 38 into which dopant impurities are introduced are formed. Thus, the PMOS transistor 18 having the gate electrode 28 and the source / drain diffusion layer 38 in the PMOS transistor region 20 and having the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 36 as a channel is formed.
The height of the surface of the tensile strained silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the height of the surface of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 are substantially equal to each other.
Thus, the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment having the NMOS transistor 14 using the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 for the channel and the PMOS transistor 18 using the compressive-strained silicon germanium layer 36 for the channel is configured.
As will be described later, the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment includes an NMOS transistor 14 using a tensile-strained silicon layer 24 as a channel on an SOI substrate in which a silicon layer 34 is formed on a silicon substrate 10 with an insulating layer 12 interposed therebetween. And a PMOS transistor 18 that uses the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 as a channel. As a result, an integrated transistor in which high-performance NMOS transistors 14 and PMOS transistors 18 are formed on the same substrate without impairing the effects of capacity reduction and power saving due to the insulating layer 12 that are features of the SOI structure. Can be realized.
In the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, the height of the surface of the tensile strained silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the height of the surface of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 are substantially equal to each other. It is also characterized by becoming. This is because the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 16 can be formed thin as will be described later. Since the height of the surface of the silicon layer 24 is substantially equal to the height of the surface of the silicon germanium layer 36, the processing accuracy in the subsequent manufacturing process of the semiconductor device can be improved.
First, an SOI substrate 42 in which a silicon layer 34 of, eg, a 10 nm thickness is formed on the silicon substrate 10 via an insulating layer 12 made of, eg, a 200 nm thick silicon oxide film is prepared (see FIG. 2A). As the SOI substrate 42, for example, a substrate formed by the SIMOX technology, a substrate formed by the bonded SOI technology, or the like can be used. As will be described later, a compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 to be lattice-relaxed is formed on the silicon layer 34 of the SOI substrate 42. Therefore, it is desirable to set the thickness of the silicon layer 34 to about 2 to 20 nm.
Next, a trench 44 reaching the insulating layer 12 is formed in the silicon layer 34 by etching, and the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 are separated (see FIG. 2B).
Next, a silicon oxide film 46 of, eg, a 20 nm-thickness is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD. Subsequently, the silicon oxide film 46 is patterned to leave the silicon oxide film 46 only on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 (see FIG. 2C).
Next, on the silicon layer 34 in the NMOS transistor region 16, a silicon germanium layer 48 having a thickness of 20 nm, for example, is formed by selective epitaxial growth using the silicon oxide film 46 as a selective growth mask (see FIG. 2D). The composition of the silicon germanium layer 48 is, for example, Si0.72Ge0.25And
Next, for example, by heat treatment at 1000 ° C. for 4 hours, germanium is diffused from the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state to the silicon layer 34 formed immediately below the silicon germanium layer 48 to lattice-relax the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state. Thus, the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 is formed from the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 48 and the silicon layer 34 (see FIG. 3A). The composition of the silicon germanium layer 22 in the lattice relaxed state is, for example, Si0.83Ge0.17It has become.
As described above, in the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, the germanium layer 22 in the lattice relaxed state is obtained by diffusing germanium from the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 48 into the silicon layer 34 by heat treatment. Thus, it is not necessary to form a thick silicon germanium layer in order to obtain a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer, and a thin silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state may be formed. As a result, the thickness of the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 can be set according to the thickness of the silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 that cannot be formed thick so as to maintain the compressive strain state. it can. That is, the thickness of the silicon germanium layer 22 in the lattice relaxation state is set to d.1The thickness of the silicon layer 34 of the SOI substrate 42 is d2The thickness of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 is d3Then d2+ D1≦ d2+ D3D1Can be set.
Further, since the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 and the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 are formed separately and independently, it is necessary to remove the silicon layer 34 and the insulating layer 12 of the SOI substrate 42 in the PMOS transistor region 20. Absent.
Therefore, the height of the surface of the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 to be formed later and the height of the surface of the compressive-strained silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 can be easily aligned.
As described above, in the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 and the compressive-strained silicon germanium layer 36 can be formed with good consistency. High flatness can be ensured, and the processing accuracy can be improved.
Next, a silicon oxide film 50 of, eg, a 20 nm-thickness is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD. Subsequently, the silicon oxide films 50 and 46 formed on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 are removed. Thus, the silicon oxide film 50 is left on the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 formed in the NMOS transistor region 16, and the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 is exposed (see FIG. 3B).
Next, a compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 having a thickness of, for example, 20 nm is formed on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 by selective epitaxial growth using the silicon oxide film 50 as a selective growth mask. The composition of the silicon germanium layer 36 is, for example, Si.0.8Ge0.2And The silicon germanium layer 36 cannot be formed so thick as to maintain a compressive strain state, and is preferably formed with a thickness in the range of 2 to 30 nm, for example.
Next, a silicon layer 52 having a thickness of, for example, 2 nm is formed on the silicon germanium layer 36 (see FIG. 3C). This silicon layer 52 is for forming the gate insulating film 26 as will be described later.
Next, a silicon oxide film 54 of, eg, a 20 nm-thickness is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD. Subsequently, the silicon oxide films 54 and 50 formed on the silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 20 are removed. Thus, the silicon oxide film 54 is left on the silicon layer 52 formed in the PMOS transistor region 20, and the silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 16 is exposed (see FIG. 3D).
Next, on the silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 16, for example, a tensile strained silicon layer 24 having a thickness of 20 nm is formed by selective epitaxial growth using the silicon oxide film 54 as a selective growth mask (see FIG. 4A).
After the silicon layer 24 is formed, the silicon oxide film 54 used as the selective growth mask is removed (see FIG. 4B).
Next, on the surface of the silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the surface of the silicon layer 52 in the PMOS transistor region 20, a gate insulating film 26 made of, for example, a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 2 nm is formed by, eg, thermal oxidation (FIG. See 4C).
Next, a polysilicon film (not shown) having a thickness of, for example, 120 nm is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD.
Next, by patterning the polysilicon film using photolithography and etching, a gate electrode 28 made of a polysilicon film is formed in each of the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 (see FIG. 4D).
Next, a resist film 56 is formed on the entire surface by, eg, spin coating. Thereafter, by patterning the resist film 56 using a photolithography technique, an opening 58 that exposes the NMOS transistor region 16 is formed in the resist film 56.
Next, for example, phosphorus is ion-implanted as a dopant impurity using the gate electrode 28 and the resist film 56 as a mask. As a result, source / drain diffusion layers 32 are formed in the silicon layer 24 and the silicon germanium layer 22 on both sides of the gate electrode 28 (see FIG. 5A).
After the source / drain diffusion layer 32 is formed, the resist film 56 used as a mask is removed.
Next, a silicon oxide film 64 of, eg, a 100 nm-thickness is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD (see FIG. 5B).
Next, the silicon oxide film 64 is anisotropically etched to form a sidewall insulating film 30 made of the silicon oxide film 64 on the side wall of the gate electrode 28 (see FIG. 5C). At this time, the gate insulating film 26 exposed on both sides of the gate electrode 28 on which the sidewall insulating film 30 is formed is also removed by etching.
Next, a resist film 60 is formed on the entire surface by, eg, spin coating. Thereafter, the resist film 60 is patterned using a photolithography technique to form an opening 62 exposing the PMOS transistor region 20 in the resist film 60.
Next, for example, boron is ion-implanted as a dopant impurity using the gate electrode 28 and the resist film 60 as a mask. As a result, source / drain diffusion layers 38 are formed in the silicon germanium layer 36 and the silicon layer 34 on both sides of the gate electrode 28 (see FIG. 5D).
After the source / drain diffusion layer 38 is formed, the resist film 60 used as a mask is removed.
After the source / drain diffusion layers 32 and 38 are formed, the dopant impurities introduced into the source / drain diffusion layers 32 and 38 are activated by, for example, heat treatment.
Thus, the NMOS transistor 14 using the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 for the channel and the PMOS transistor 18 using the compressive-strained silicon germanium layer 36 for the channel are formed on the same SOI substrate 42.
As described above, the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured.
As described above, according to this embodiment, the NMOS transistor 14 using the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 as a channel and the PMOS transistor 18 using the compressive-strained silicon germanium layer 36 as a channel are formed on the same SOI substrate 42. Therefore, a high-performance integrated transistor can be provided.
Further, since it is not necessary to remove the insulating layer 12 of the SOI substrate 42 in any of the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20, the effects of the SOI structure such as reduction of parasitic capacitance and power saving are not impaired. .
Further, the surface height of the tensile strained silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the surface height of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 can be formed substantially equal to each other. The processing accuracy in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device can be improved.
In the present embodiment, the heat treatment for lattice relaxation of the silicon germanium layer 48 is performed in a state where the silicon oxide film 46 is formed on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20. For example, the heat treatment may be performed in a state where an insulating film such as a silicon nitride film is formed.
Further, the order in which the layers constituting the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment are formed is not limited to the case described above, and the design can be changed as appropriate. However, when the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 is formed by heat treatment, the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 is formed by heat treatment before the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 is formed. There is a need to.
For example, in this embodiment, the silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the silicon layer 52 in the PMOS transistor region 20 are formed separately and independently. On the other hand, as described below, the silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the silicon layer 52 in the PMOS transistor region 20 can be formed simultaneously.
First, in the same manner as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D and FIG. 3A, a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 is formed in the NMOS transistor region 16.
Thereafter, a compression-strained silicon germanium layer 36 is formed on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 by selective epitaxial growth.
Next, after exposing the silicon germanium layer 22 in the lattice relaxed state in the NMOS transistor region 16, the silicon layers 24 and 52 are simultaneously formed on the silicon germanium layer 22 in the lattice relaxed state and the silicon germanium layer 36 in the compressive strain state. Form.
Thereafter, a semiconductor device having the NMOS transistor 14 and the PMOS transistor 18 is manufactured in the same manner as shown in FIGS. 4C, 4D and 5.
As described above, the silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the silicon layer 52 in the PMOS transistor region 20 may be formed simultaneously.
A semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, and FIGS. 7 and 8 are process cross-sectional views showing the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment. Components similar to those of the semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted or simplified.
The structure of the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment. In the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, an element isolation film 66 is formed on the silicon layer 34 of the SOI substrate 42 by a LOCOS (Local Oxidation of Silicon) method, and the NMOS transistor region 16 and the element isolation film 66 are formed. The semiconductor device is different from the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment in that the PMOS transistor region 20 is separated.
In the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment, when the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 in the NMOS transistor region 16 is lattice-relaxed by heat treatment, the silicon oxide film 46 is formed on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20. Was.
In contrast, in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, as described below, not only on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 but also on the silicon germanium layer 48 in the compressive strain state in the NMOS transistor region 16. Lattice relaxation is performed by heat treatment with the silicon oxide film formed.
First, the element isolation film 66 is formed on the silicon layer 34 by the LOCOS method on the SOI substrate 42 shown in FIG. 7A formed in the same manner as the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the first embodiment. Thus, the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region are separated by the element isolation film 66 formed in the silicon layer 34 (see FIG. 7B).
Next, a silicon oxide film 46 of, eg, a 20 nm-thickness is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD, and this silicon oxide film 46 is patterned to leave the silicon oxide film 46 only on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20. (See FIG. 7C).
Next, a compressive strained silicon germanium layer 48 having a thickness of, for example, 20 nm is formed on the silicon layer 34 in the NMOS transistor region 16 by selective epitaxial growth using the silicon oxide film 46 as a selective growth mask (see FIG. 7D).
Next, a silicon oxide film 68 of, eg, a 20 nm-thickness is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD.
Next, for example, by heat treatment at 1000 ° C. for 4 hours, germanium is diffused from the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state to the silicon layer 34 formed immediately below the silicon germanium layer 48 to lattice-relax the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state. Thus, the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 is formed on the silicon layer 34 in the NMOS transistor region 16 (see FIG. 8A). Thus, unlike the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the first embodiment, lattice relaxation of the silicon germanium layer 48 is performed by heat treatment in a state where both the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 are covered with the silicon oxide film. Also good.
Next, the silicon oxide films 68 and 46 formed on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 are removed. Thus, the silicon oxide film 68 is left on the silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 16, and the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 is exposed (see FIG. 8B).
Next, a compression-strained silicon germanium layer 36 is formed on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 by selective epitaxial growth using the silicon oxide film 68 as a selective growth mask. Subsequently, a silicon layer 52 is formed on the silicon germanium layer 36 (see FIG. 8C).
Next, a silicon oxide film 54 is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD. Subsequently, the silicon oxide films 54 and 68 formed on the silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 20 are removed. Thus, the silicon oxide film 54 is left on the silicon layer 52 formed in the PMOS transistor region 20, and the silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 16 is exposed (see FIG. 8D).
Thereafter, a semiconductor device having the NMOS transistor 14 and the PMOS transistor 18 is manufactured in the same manner as the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D and FIGS. 5A to 5D.
In the present embodiment, the silicon germanium layer 48 is lattice-relaxed with a silicon oxide film formed on the silicon germanium layer 48 in the compressive strain state of the NMOS transistor region 16 and on the silicon layer 34 of the PMOS transistor region 20. However, instead of the silicon oxide film, the heat treatment may be performed in a state of being covered with an insulating film such as a silicon nitride film.
A method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 14 are process cross-sectional views showing the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, FIG. 10 is a graph showing the Raman spectrum of the silicon germanium layer before and after laser beam irradiation, and FIG. 11 is the thickness of the silicon oxide film and the laser beam. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the laser beam wavelength and lattice relaxation. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the thickness of the silicon germanium layer and the lattice relaxation state caused by laser beam irradiation. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the evaluation results. The same components as those of the semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted or simplified.
The semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the present embodiment is similar to the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment in that the NMOS transistor 14 uses the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 for the channel and the PMOS that uses the compressive-strained silicon germanium layer 36 for the channel. A semiconductor device having the transistor 18 is manufactured. The semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the present embodiment performs a short-time heat treatment using a laser beam on the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 formed on the silicon layer 34 of the SOI substrate 42, thereby providing a lattice. The main feature is to form the relaxed silicon germanium layer 22.
Hereinafter, the method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
First, in the same manner as in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, the trench 44 is formed in the silicon layer 34 of the SOI substrate 42 to thereby form the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region. 20, a silicon germanium layer 48 having a thickness of 40 nm, for example, is formed on the silicon layer 34 in the NMOS transistor region 16 by selective epitaxial growth using the silicon oxide film 46 as a selective growth mask (see FIG. 9A). The semiconductor layer including the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 thus formed is formed on the insulating layer 12 by being separated into, for example, islands.
Next, a silicon oxide film 70 of, eg, a 30 nm-thickness is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD (see FIG. 9B).
Next, a pulsed laser beam is irradiated onto the silicon substrate 10 from the surface side on which the silicon oxide film 70 is formed on the entire surface. Here, for example, a XeCl excimer laser having a wavelength of 308 nm is used for the laser beam irradiation. The intensity of the laser beam is, for example, 200 mJ / cm2As described above, the pulse width and the number of pulses of the laser beam are, for example, 20 to 40 ns and 100 times / second, respectively. The laser beam irradiation time is, for example, a short time of 30 to 90 seconds. Note that the laser beam can be irradiated after being processed into a desired area.
By irradiating the laser beam, the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 is heated. Thereby, the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 is lattice-relaxed to become the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 (see FIG. 9C). Lattice relaxation by irradiation with a laser beam only needs to be performed once with a laser beam of several tens of ns. By scanning the laser beam, for example, an 8-inch wafer can be processed in several tens of seconds. As described above, the time required for lattice relaxation by laser beam irradiation is significantly shorter than the time required for lattice relaxation by high-temperature heat treatment.
Here, on the surface of the silicon substrate 10 irradiated with the laser beam, a silicon oxide film 70 having a thickness of 70 nm is formed on the silicon germanium layer 48 in the NMOS transistor region 16, and on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20. Accordingly, silicon oxide films 46 and 70 having a thickness of 100 nm are formed. That is, silicon oxide films having different thicknesses are formed in both regions. Thus, by appropriately setting the thickness of the silicon oxide film 70 on the silicon germanium layer 48 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the thickness of the silicon oxide films 46 and 70 on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20, By utilizing the interference of the laser beam, the silicon germanium layer 48 is heated at a temperature sufficient for lattice relaxation, while the temperature rise of the silicon layer 34 and the like in the PMOS transistor region 20 that does not need to be heated can be suppressed. Details of heating control using a laser beam by setting the thickness of the silicon oxide film will be described later.
As described above, in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, the silicon germanium layer 48 in the compressive strain state is lattice-relaxed using the short-time heat treatment by laser beam irradiation, and the silicon germanium layer 22 in the lattice relaxed state is formed. The main feature is to do. Thus, it is not necessary to form a thick silicon germanium layer in order to obtain a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer, and a thin silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state may be formed. As a result, as in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment, the lattice relaxation is performed according to the thickness of the silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 that cannot be formed thick so as to maintain the compressive strain state. The thickness of the silicon germanium layer 22 in the state can be set.
As described above, in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, the tensile strained silicon layer 24 and the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 are aligned, as in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment. Since it can be formed with good performance, high flatness of the substrate surface can be ensured in the manufacturing process, and processing accuracy can be improved.
Here, the lattice relaxation of the silicon germanium layer by laser beam irradiation, which is the main feature of the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
(A) Confirmation of occurrence of lattice relaxation by measurement of Raman spectrum
First, it was confirmed by measuring the Raman spectrum that the compression-strained silicon germanium layer was lattice-relaxed by irradiating a laser beam to become a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer.
The silicon germanium layer whose Raman spectrum was measured was epitaxially grown on a silicon layer having a thickness of 10 nm formed on a silicon substrate via a silicon oxide film, and the thickness thereof was 40 nm. For the laser beam irradiation, an XeCl excimer laser with a wavelength of 308 nm is used, and the intensity of the laser beam is 200 mJ / cm.2It was. Moreover, the Raman spectrum was measured about two cases, the presence or absence of the insulating film on a silicon germanium layer. That is, (i) the case where an insulating film is not formed on the silicon germanium layer and the silicon germanium layer is directly irradiated with a laser beam, and (ii) a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 30 nm is formed as the insulating film. There are two cases: a case where the laser beam is irradiated through the silicon oxide film.
FIG. 10A is a graph showing a Raman spectrum of a silicon germanium layer before and after laser beam irradiation when an insulating film is not formed on the silicon germanium layer. In FIG. 10A, the Raman spectrum of the silicon layer is also shown as a reference.
As is apparent from the graph shown in FIG. 10A, in the spectrum of the silicon germanium layer, by irradiation with a laser beam, 515 cm.-1The peak observed in the vicinity is several cm-1You can see that there is a shift. From this result, it can be confirmed that the strain state of the silicon germanium layer is changed from the compressive strain state to the lattice relaxation state by irradiation with the laser beam.
FIG. 10B is a graph showing a Raman spectrum of the silicon germanium layer after laser beam irradiation when a silicon oxide film is formed on the silicon germanium layer as an insulating film.
As is apparent from the graph shown in FIG. 10B, even when an insulating film is formed on the silicon germanium layer, by irradiation with a laser beam, 510 cm is obtained.-1It can be seen that the nearby peaks are shifted. From this result, even when the laser beam is irradiated through the insulating film, it can be confirmed that the strain state of the silicon germanium layer is changed from the compressive strain state to the lattice relaxation state. Note that the difference in peak shift amount and peak height compared to the case where the insulating film shown in FIG. 10A is not formed is that the intensity of the incident laser beam is caused by the interference of the laser beam due to the presence of the insulating film. This is considered to be due to the change and the difference in the amount of germanium present.
(B) Relationship between thickness of silicon oxide film and reflectance of laser beam
Next, the relationship between the thickness of the silicon oxide film formed on the silicon germanium layer and the reflectance of the laser beam will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 11A is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the silicon oxide film 102 formed on the silicon germanium layer 100 and the reflectance of the laser beam as shown in FIG. 11B.
As is apparent from the graph shown in FIG. 11A, it can be seen that the reflectance of the laser beam oscillates with respect to the thickness of the silicon oxide film.
When the thickness of the silicon oxide film is, for example, 35 nm, the reflectance is about 0.9, and when the laser beam having the intensity 1 is irradiated, the intensity of the laser beam incident on the silicon germanium layer is 0.1.
On the other hand, when the thickness of the silicon oxide film is 0 nm, that is, when the silicon oxide film is not formed on the silicon germanium layer, the reflectance is about 0.2, and when irradiated with a laser beam having an intensity of 1, it is incident on the silicon germanium layer. The intensity of the laser beam is 0.8.
Thus, the intensity of the incident laser beam can be controlled by the presence or absence and the thickness of the silicon oxide film as the insulating film formed on the silicon germanium layer. Therefore, as described above, the thickness of the silicon oxide film 70 formed on the silicon germanium layer 48 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the thickness of the silicon oxide films 46 and 70 formed on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20. By appropriately setting each of these, it is possible to heat the silicon germanium layer 48 at a temperature sufficient to relax the lattice, while suppressing an increase in the temperature of the silicon layer 34 and the like in the PMOS transistor region 20 that does not need to be heated. . Thereby, the silicon germanium layer 48 can be selectively lattice-relaxed without affecting the PMOS transistor region 20.
(C) Relationship between laser beam wavelength, pulse width, etc. and lattice relaxation
In order to effectively relax the lattice of the silicon germanium layer, it is desirable that the laser beam is absorbed by the surface layer of the silicon germanium layer and a rapid thermal gradient is generated in the layer including the silicon germanium layer. This can be realized by appropriately setting the wavelength of the laser beam to be irradiated, the pulse width, or the composition ratio of germanium in the silicon germanium layer.
As shown in FIG. 12, it is difficult to reach the layer below the silicon germanium layer / silicon layer 108 (silicon oxide film 106, silicon substrate 104) as the wavelength of the laser beam to be irradiated becomes shorter. On the other hand, as the wavelength becomes longer, the layer below the silicon germanium layer / silicon layer 108 (silicon oxide film 106, silicon substrate 104) can be reached. Therefore, when the wavelength of the laser beam to be irradiated becomes longer, the entire layer including the silicon germanium layer generates heat, and it becomes difficult to generate a rapid temperature gradient. This phenomenon depends on the light absorption coefficient of the silicon germanium layer, the silicon layer, or the like. In the case of a silicon germanium layer, it is known that the light absorption coefficient on the long wavelength side increases as the composition ratio of germanium increases. That is, when the composition ratio of germanium in the silicon germanium layer is increased, the laser beam can be absorbed only in the surface layer of the silicon germanium layer even with a long wavelength laser beam.
Therefore, by appropriately setting the wavelength of the laser beam to be irradiated and the composition ratio of germanium in the silicon germanium layer, the irradiated laser beam is absorbed only by the surface layer of the silicon germanium layer, and a rapid heat is applied to the layer including the silicon germanium layer. A gradient can be generated. Thereby, lattice relaxation of the silicon germanium layer in a compressive strain state can be more effectively performed.
For example, for a laser beam with a wavelength of 308 nm, silicon and germanium are approximately the same 1 × 10 1 each other.6cm-1Since a light absorption coefficient is shown, most of the laser beam is absorbed at a surface layer of about 10 nm of the silicon germanium layer. As a result, heat generated in the surface layer is conducted to the lower layer. Then, a sharp thermal gradient due to the difference in thermal conductivity occurs at the boundary 1 between the silicon layer below the silicon germanium layer shown in FIG. 12 and the silicon oxide film below the silicon layer. As a result, slip occurs, and the silicon germanium layer in the compressive strain state undergoes lattice relaxation.
Note that the thermal gradient generated by irradiating the laser beam is eliminated with time. For this reason, when the pulse width of the irradiating laser beam is large or when the laser beam is a continuous wave, it becomes difficult to generate a rapid thermal gradient, and the silicon strained silicon germanium layer is sufficiently latticed. It may be difficult to alleviate. Therefore, it is desirable to set the pulse width of the laser beam as small as possible on the order of several tens to several hundreds ns, for example, 20 to 40 ns.
Note that, if the substrate temperature at the time of laser beam irradiation is set high, the effect is the same as increasing the pulse width. For this reason, it is necessary to set the substrate temperature to an appropriate value. For example, the substrate temperature is desirably set to room temperature to 400 ° C.
Examples of the laser light source that satisfies the above-described conditions regarding the wavelength and pulse width required for the laser beam include short wavelength excimer lasers having wavelengths of 193 nm, 222 nm, 248 nm, 308 nm, 351 nm, and the like. These short wavelength excimer lasers can realize a small pulse width of 300 ns or less.
In contrast, YAG lasers and ruby lasers with wavelengths of 690 nm and 1060 nm have a longer wavelength and a longer pulse width of several ms than the short wavelength excimer laser. For this reason, in the YAG laser and the ruby laser, it is considered that the margin for setting the conditions for sufficiently relaxing the lattice of the silicon germanium layer may be narrower than in the case of the short wavelength excimer laser. For example, since the wavelength is longer than that of the short wavelength excimer laser, it is necessary to irradiate a high energy laser beam.
Further, in the case of a CW (Continuous Wave, continuous wave) laser or the like, if the laser beam is simply irradiated, the whole temperature rises. For example, by using means such as scanning the laser beam, a CW laser or the like is used. The lattice of the silicon germanium layer can be relaxed.
(D) Relationship between the thickness of the silicon germanium layer and lattice relaxation
FIG. 13 is a graph schematically showing the relationship between the thickness of the silicon germanium layer and the lattice relaxation state caused by irradiation with a laser beam having a wavelength of 308 nm. As shown in the figure, it becomes difficult to sufficiently relax the lattice as the thickness of the silicon germanium layer increases. If the wavelength of the laser beam to be irradiated is not increased from the vicinity where the thickness of the silicon germanium layer exceeds 100 nm, the boundary 1 between the silicon germanium layer / silicon layer 108 and the silicon oxide film 106 shown below is shown in FIG. The heat does not conduct until the temperature of the silicon germanium layer is increased. Therefore, when the silicon germanium layer is thick, it is necessary to appropriately set the wavelength of the laser beam to be irradiated.
The inventors of the present application applied a wavelength of 308 nm, a pulse width of 40 nm, and an intensity of 200 mJ / cm to a silicon germanium layer formed on an underlying silicon layer having a thickness of 10 nm or less.2It has been experimentally confirmed that the lattice of the silicon germanium layer can be greatly relaxed by irradiating the above laser beam.
As described in detail above, the silicon germanium layer 44 in the compressive strain state is lattice-relaxed by irradiating the laser beam, and the silicon germanium layer 22 in the lattice-relaxed state is formed, and then on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 The silicon oxide films 70 and 46 formed in (1) are removed. Thus, the silicon oxide film 70 is left on the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 formed in the NMOS transistor region 16, and the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20 is exposed (see FIG. 9D).
Next, on the silicon layer 34 in the PMOS transistor region 20, the silicon germanium layer 36 having a thickness of 40 nm, for example, is formed by selective epitaxial growth using the silicon oxide film 70 as a selective growth mask.
Next, a silicon layer 52 of, eg, a 20 nm-thickness is formed on the silicon germanium layer 36 (see FIG. 14A).
Next, a silicon oxide film 54 is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD. Subsequently, the silicon oxide films 54 and 70 formed on the silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 20 are removed. Thus, the silicon oxide film 54 is left on the silicon layer 52 formed in the PMOS transistor region 20, and the silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 16 is exposed (see FIG. 14B).
Next, on the silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 16, for example, a tensile-strained silicon layer 24 having a thickness of 20 nm is formed by selective epitaxial growth using the silicon oxide film 54 as a selective growth mask (see FIG. 14C).
After the silicon layer 24 is formed, the silicon oxide film 54 used as the selective growth mask is removed (see FIG. 14D).
As described above, after the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 36 is formed in the PMOS transistor region 20 and the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 is formed in the NMOS transistor region 16, FIG. 4C, FIG. 4D, and FIGS. The semiconductor device having the NMOS transistor 14 and the PMOS transistor 18 is manufactured in the same manner as in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment shown in 5D.
The semiconductor device manufactured by the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the present embodiment includes an insulating layer 12 made of a silicon oxide film, a silicon layer 34, and silicon germanium in a lattice-relaxed state on the silicon substrate 10 in the NMOS transistor region 16. The layer 22 and the tensile strained silicon layer 24 are sequentially stacked. That is, the insulating layer 12 is sandwiched between silicon.
In contrast, in a conventional NMOS transistor using a tensile strained silicon layer formed using an SOI substrate as a channel, an insulating layer made of a silicon oxide film and a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer are formed on the silicon substrate. And a tensile-strained silicon layer were sequentially laminated.
As described above, the semiconductor device manufactured by the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment has structural features that are greatly different from the conventional transistor structure using the SOI substrate.
As described above, according to this embodiment, the silicon germanium layer 48 is lattice-relaxed by irradiating the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 with the laser beam through the silicon oxide films having different thicknesses. The lattice strain relaxation of the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state can be selectively relaxed in a short time without affecting the semiconductor layer or the like formed in another region.
Further, since the NMOS transistor 14 using the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 for the channel and the PMOS transistor 18 using the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 36 for the channel are formed on the same SOI substrate 42, high-performance integration is achieved. A transistor can be provided.
In the present embodiment, the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 is irradiated with the laser beam through the silicon oxide film. However, if the insulating film is transmissive to the laser beam, the silicon oxide film It is not limited to. An insulating film such as a silicon nitride film may be formed on the silicon germanium layer 48, and the silicon germanium layer 48 may be irradiated with a laser beam through such an insulating film.
FIG. 15 shows the result of measuring the characteristics of an NMOS transistor using a tensile strained silicon layer formed on a silicon germanium layer that has been changed from a compressive strained state to a lattice relaxed state by irradiation with a laser beam as a channel. It is a graph to show. 15A and 15B both indicate the intensity of the laser beam applied to the silicon germanium layer. The vertical axis in FIG. 15A is the mobility μ, and the vertical axis in FIG. 15B is the on-current Ion corresponding to the mobility in FIG. 15A.
From the graphs shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, it can be seen that when the intensity of the irradiated laser beam is small, the mobility and the on-current are small. This is because the intensity of the laser beam is small and the silicon germanium layer is not sufficiently lattice-relaxed, resulting in an insufficient strain state of the silicon layer formed thereon.
On the other hand, it can be seen that the mobility and the on-current increase as the intensity of the irradiated laser beam increases. Compared with the case where the intensity of the laser beam is 0, that is, when the laser beam is not irradiated, the mobility and the on-current are approximately doubled by irradiating the laser beam. This is because the silicon germanium layer is sufficiently lattice-relaxed as the power density of the laser beam is increased, and the silicon layer formed thereon is in a sufficient tensile strain state.
In this way, by irradiating a laser beam having a predetermined intensity, the lattice layer of the silicon germanium layer in a compressive strain state can be sufficiently relaxed, and the silicon layer formed thereon is in a sufficient tensile strain state. In this manner, an NMOS transistor having a large mobility and on-state current using a tensile-strained silicon layer as a channel can be obtained.
A semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 16 is a process cross-sectional view illustrating the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the present embodiment. Note that the same components as those in the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted or simplified.
The semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the present embodiment is substantially the same as the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 9A to 9D and FIGS. 14A to 14D. In the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, the silicon germanium layer 48 in the compressive strain state is lattice-relaxed by irradiating the laser beam only to the region where the silicon germanium layer in the compressive strain state is formed. This is different from the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment in that the silicon germanium layer 22 is formed.
First, similarly to the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the third embodiment, a compressive strained silicon germanium layer 48 is formed on the silicon layer 34 in the NMOS transistor formation region 16 (see FIG. 16A).
Next, the beam spot of the laser beam is adjusted to a predetermined size, and the laser beam is selectively irradiated directly only on the region where the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 in the NMOS transistor formation region 16 is formed. Thereby, the compression-strained silicon germanium layer is lattice-relaxed, and a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 is formed (see FIG. 16B). As the laser beam irradiation conditions, for example, substantially the same conditions as in the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the third embodiment can be used, but the conditions are appropriately adjusted depending on the presence or absence of the silicon oxide film on the silicon germanium layer 48. It is desirable to do.
In the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, only the region where the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 48 is formed in the NMOS transistor region 16 is selectively irradiated with a laser beam, which affects the PMOS transistor region 20. Therefore, the lattice of the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state can be relaxed. In order to suppress the temperature rise of the silicon layer 34 and the like in the PMOS transistor region 20 that does not need to be irradiated with the laser beam, it is not necessary to form a silicon oxide film with a predetermined thickness on the PMOS transistor region 20.
Thereafter, the semiconductor device having the NMOS transistor 14 and the PMOS transistor 18 is manufactured in the same manner as the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment.
As described above, according to the present embodiment, only the region where the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 is formed is selectively irradiated with the laser beam, which affects the semiconductor layer and the like formed in other regions. Without applying the stress, the lattice strain of the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state can be selectively relaxed in a short time.
In the present embodiment, only the region of the NMOS transistor region 16 where the silicon germanium layer 48 is formed is directly irradiated with the laser beam. However, an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is formed on the silicon germanium layer 48 to provide insulation. A laser beam may be irradiated through the film.
A method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 17 to 19 are process cross-sectional views illustrating the method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment. Note that the same components as those of the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted or simplified.
The semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the present embodiment manufactures a semiconductor device that uses a tensile-strained silicon layer as a channel for both the NMOS transistor and the PMOS transistor.
First, a compressive strained silicon germanium layer 48 of, eg, a 40 nm thickness is formed on the silicon layer 34 of the SOI substrate 42 shown in FIG. 17A by epitaxial growth (see FIG. 17B).
Next, by irradiating the silicon germanium layer 48 with a laser beam, the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state is lattice-relaxed to form a silicon germanium layer 22 in a lattice relaxed state (see FIG. 17C). The laser beam irradiation method uses a method of forming an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film on the silicon germanium layer 48 and irradiating through the silicon oxide film, as in the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the third embodiment. Alternatively, a method of directly irradiating the silicon germanium layer 48 may be used as in the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the fourth embodiment.
Next, a tensile-strained silicon layer 24 of, eg, a 20 nm-thickness is formed on the silicon germanium layer 22 in a lattice-relaxed state by, eg, CVD (see FIG. 17D).
Next, a gate insulating film 26 made of, for example, a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 2 nm is formed on the surface of the silicon layer 24 by, eg, thermal oxidation (see FIG. 18A).
Next, the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 are defined by etching the gate insulating film 26, the silicon layer 24, the silicon germanium layer 22 and the silicon layer 34, respectively, thereby forming a trench 44 (FIG. 18B). reference). Note that the element isolation step may be performed before the laser beam irradiation.
Next, by etching the polysilicon film using photolithography and etching, the gate electrode 28 made of the polysilicon film is formed in each of the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 (see FIG. 18C).
Next, a resist film 56 is formed on the entire surface by, eg, spin coating. Thereafter, the resist film 56 is patterned using a photolithography technique to form an opening 58 in the resist film 56 that exposes the NMOS transistor transistor region 16.
Next, for example, phosphorus is ion-implanted as a dopant impurity using the gate electrode 28 and the resist film 56 as a mask. As a result, source / drain diffusion layers 32 are formed in the silicon layer 24 and the silicon germanium layer 22 on both sides of the gate insulating film (see FIG. 18D).
Next, for example, boron is ion-implanted as a dopant impurity using the gate insulating film 28 and the resist film 60 as a mask. As a result, source / drain diffusion layers 38 are formed in the silicon layer 24 and the silicon germanium layer 22 on both sides of the gate electrode 28 (see FIG. 19A).
Next, a silicon oxide film 64 of, eg, a 100 nm-thickness is formed on the entire surface by, eg, CVD (see FIG. 19B).
Next, the silicon oxide film 64 is anisotropically etched to form a sidewall insulating film 30 made of the silicon oxide film 64 on the sidewall of the gate insulating film 28 (see FIG. 19C).
In this way, a semiconductor device having the NMOS transistor 14 and the PMOS transistor 18 using the tensilely strained silicon layer 24 as a channel is manufactured.
Even in the case of manufacturing a semiconductor device having an NMOS transistor and a PMOS transistor that use the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 as a channel, as in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, compression is performed by irradiating a laser beam. The strained silicon germanium layer 48 may be lattice-relaxed.
A method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21 are process cross-sectional views illustrating the method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment. Note that the same components as those of the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted or simplified.
In the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, when a silicon germanium layer in a lattice-relaxed state is formed by irradiating a laser beam to form a silicon germanium layer in a lattice-relaxed state by lattice relaxation. The main feature is that a silicon layer is formed as a cap layer on the layer.
First, on the silicon layer 34 of the SOI substrate 42 shown in FIG. 20A, a silicon germanium layer 48 having a thickness of 40 nm, for example, is formed by epitaxial growth.
Next, a silicon layer 72 having a thickness of, for example, 2 nm is formed as a cap layer on the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state by, eg, CVD (see FIG. 20B).
Next, a laser beam is irradiated to the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state through the silicon layer 72 from the surface side of the silicon substrate 10 on which the silicon layer 72 is formed. As the laser beam irradiation conditions, for example, substantially the same conditions as those of the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the third embodiment can be used. As a result, the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 48 is lattice-relaxed and becomes the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 (see FIG. 20C).
In the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, when the silicon germanium layer 48 in the lattice-relaxed state is formed by irradiating the laser beam to form the silicon germanium layer 22 in the lattice-relaxed state. A silicon layer 72 having excellent heat resistance is formed on the germanium layer 48. For this reason, it can suppress that a defect arises in the silicon germanium layer 48 (22) resulting from irradiation of a laser beam.
Further, since the silicon layer 72 is excellent in chemical resistance, the SOI substrate 42 on which the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 is formed can be easily and reliably treated with chemicals such as etching. It becomes possible.
Although the thickness of the silicon layer 72 is not limited to 2 nm, it is desirable to form the silicon layer 72 with a thickness of 5 nm or less. By forming the silicon layer 72 with a thickness of 5 nm or less, it is possible to avoid the influence on the silicon germanium layer 22 when it is later oxidized and used as a gate oxide film. That is, if the silicon layer 72 is thick and the thermal oxidation is performed for a long time, the lattice relaxation state of the silicon germanium layer 22 may fluctuate. However, by forming the silicon layer 72 with a thickness of 5 nm or less, Such fluctuations in the lattice relaxation state can be avoided.
Further, since the silicon germanium layer 48 is lattice-relaxed by the laser beam irradiation and becomes the relaxed silicon germanium layer 22, the strain state of the silicon layer 72 becomes a tensile strain state.
Next, the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 are defined by etching the silicon layer 72, the silicon germanium layer 22, and the silicon layer 34, respectively, thereby forming the trench 44 (see FIG. 20D).
Next, the gate insulating film 26 made of, for example, a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 2 nm is formed on the surface of the silicon layer 72 by, eg, thermal oxidation (see FIG. 21A).
Thereafter, the gate electrode 28 is formed in each of the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 (see FIG. 21B) in the same manner as in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment, and then the source / drain diffusion layer 32, 38 and sidewall insulating films 30 are formed (see FIG. 21C).
Thus, a semiconductor device having the NMOS transistor 14 and the PMOS transistor 18 using the silicon layer 72 formed as a cap layer for the channel is manufactured.
Thus, according to this embodiment, when the silicon germanium layer 48 is lattice-relaxed by irradiating a laser beam, the silicon layer 72 having excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance is formed on the silicon germanium layer 48. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of defects due to the heat treatment and easily perform the subsequent chemical treatment with high reliability.
A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 22 is a process sectional view showing the method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment. Note that the same components as those of the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted or simplified.
In manufacturing a semiconductor device using an SOI substrate, an element such as a MOS transistor is formed in an island-shaped semiconductor layer formed over an insulating layer. For this reason, charges are likely to accumulate in the semiconductor layer, and the potential may fluctuate during operation of the semiconductor device. In order to avoid such a state, in the MOS transistor, an electrode called a body contact is drawn out from the channel portion in a direction orthogonal to the source / drain to control the potential of the body region.
A technique called partial trench is known as one method for drawing out the body contact. In this method, a trench that does not reach the insulating layer below the SOI layer is formed in the SOI layer, and the body contact is drawn out through the SOI layer below the trench. According to this method, according to this method, the distance between the gate electrode and the body contact can be secured and the parasitic capacitance can be reduced. However, as the device becomes finer, the thickness of the SOI layer becomes thinner, and it is extremely difficult to stop etching in the middle of the SOI layer.
In this embodiment, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device in which a body contact can be easily formed using the feature of the semiconductor device of the present invention in which an SOI layer is formed under a silicon germanium layer will be described.
Hereinafter, the method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.
First, a compressive strained silicon germanium layer 74 is formed on the silicon layer 34 of the SOI substrate 42 shown in FIG. 22A (see FIG. 22B).
Next, a resist film 76 is formed on the silicon germanium layer 74 by, eg, spin coating. Thereafter, by patterning the resist film 76 using a photolithography technique, an opening 80 reaching the silicon germanium layer 74 in the body contact region 78 where the body contact is formed is formed in the resist film 76, and a transistor is formed. The resist film 76 is left in the transistor region 82 (see FIG. 22C).
Next, the silicon germanium layer 74 exposed from the opening 80 is removed by wet etching using the resist film 76 as a mask. Etching solutions include, for example, HF, H2O2And CH3A 1:16:24 mixture of COOH can be used. With this etching solution, the silicon layer 34 under the silicon germanium layer 74 is not etched.
After the wet etching is completed, the resist film 76 used as a mask is removed (see FIG. 22D). In this way, the silicon layer 34 in the body contact region 78 can be easily exposed by utilizing the high etching selectivity between the silicon germanium layer 74 and the silicon layer 34.
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the silicon layer 34 in the body contact region 78 is exposed using the high etching selectivity between the silicon germanium layer 74 and the silicon layer 34, so that the exposed silicon layer 34 is compared with the exposed silicon layer 34. Thus, an electrode for body contact can be easily formed.
The body contact forming process shown in the present embodiment is formed on the silicon layer 34 via the silicon germanium layer 22 in a lattice-relaxed state, for example, as in the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to the first to sixth embodiments. The tensile-strained silicon layers 24 and 72 and the compression-strained silicon germanium layer 36 formed on the silicon layer 34 can be appropriately incorporated into the manufacturing process of the MOS transistor using the channel. In this case, the body contact electrodes can be easily drawn out from the channel portions of the NMOS transistor 16 and the PMOS transistor 18 in the direction orthogonal to the source / drain.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 are separated by the trench 44 formed by etching or the element isolation film 66 formed by the LOCOS method has been described as an example. The method for separating the region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 23, even if the NMOS transistor region 16 and the PMOS transistor region 20 are separated by an element isolation film 84 embedded in a groove formed in the silicon layer 34 by STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) method. Good.
In the above-described embodiment, the height of the surface of the tensile strained silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the height of the surface of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 are substantially equal to each other. Although the thickness of each layer constituting the semiconductor device is set, the thickness of each layer is not limited to such a case. The thickness of each layer can be appropriately set according to the performance required for the NMOS transistor 14 and the PMOS transistor 18. However, the level difference between the surface height of the tensile strained silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the surface height of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 is a processing accuracy of the manufacturing process. It is preferable that it is small enough to ensure sufficient.
In the above embodiment, the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 16 is formed, and then the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20 is formed. The order in which the layers constituting the semiconductor device are formed is not limited to this. For example, after forming the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer 22 in the NMOS transistor region 16, the tensile strained silicon layer 24 is subsequently formed in the NMOS transistor region 16, and thereafter, the compressive strained silicon in the PMOS transistor region 20 is formed. A germanium layer 36 may be formed.
Further, in the above embodiment, the silicon germanium layer 22 in the lattice relaxed state is obtained by performing the heat treatment after forming the silicon germanium layer 48 in the compressive strain state on the silicon layer 34, but the silicon germanium in the lattice relaxed state is obtained. The formation method of the layer 22 is not limited to this. For example, by forming a silicon germanium layer with a thickness of, for example, about 200 nm by selective growth, a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer can be obtained without heat treatment. Thus, when obtaining a silicon germanium layer in a lattice-relaxed state without undergoing heat treatment, it is necessary to form the silicon germanium layer with a certain thickness. Therefore, there may be a step between the height of the surface of the tensile strained silicon layer 24 in the NMOS transistor region 16 and the height of the surface of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer 36 in the PMOS transistor region 20. However, even if a step is generated, the NMOS transistor 14 that uses the tensile-strained silicon layer 24 as a channel and the PMOS transistor 18 that uses a compressive-strained silicon germanium layer 36 as a channel have the effect of the SOI structure. They can be formed over the same SOI substrate 42 without loss, and a high-performance integrated transistor can be provided.
In the above embodiment, the lattice strain relaxation is performed on the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state by irradiating a pulsed laser beam. However, the laser beam to be irradiated is not limited to this. For example, the silicon germanium layer 48 in a compressive strain state may be lattice-relaxed by scanning the laser beam with respect to the silicon germanium layer 48 using a CW laser. Further, not only laser beam irradiation but also energy beam such as electron beam may be irradiated to heat-treat the silicon germanium layer 48 for a short time to relax the lattice. In addition, flash lamp annealing using a lamp may be performed instead of laser beam irradiation to relax the lattice of the silicon germanium layer 48.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention are useful for a semiconductor layer using a strained semiconductor layer and a manufacturing method thereof, and in particular, a tensile strained silicon layer and a compressive strained silicon germanium layer are used for a channel. This is useful for a semiconductor device having a conventional transistor and a method for manufacturing the same.
A silicon layer formed on the insulating layer;
A lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer formed on the first region of the silicon layer, a tensile-strained silicon layer formed on the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer, and the tensile-strained silicon layer A first transistor having a first gate electrode formed thereon via a first gate insulating film;
A compression-strained silicon germanium layer formed on the second region of the silicon layer; and a second gate electrode formed on the compression-strained silicon germanium layer via a second gate insulating film; A semiconductor device comprising: a second transistor having:
The semiconductor device characterized by the height of the first of the tension surface of the silicon layer of strained state of the transistor, and the height of the silicon germanium layer surface of the second transistor is turned equally properly to each other.
In the semiconductor device according to claim 1 or 2,
The first transistor is an NMOS transistor having the tensile-strained silicon layer as a channel,
The semiconductor device, wherein the second transistor is a PMOS transistor having the compression-strained silicon germanium layer as a channel.
Forming a lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer on a first region of the silicon layer formed on the substrate via an insulating layer;
Forming a tensile strained silicon layer on the lattice relaxed silicon germanium layer;
Forming a compression-strained silicon germanium layer on the second region of the silicon layer,
An NMOS transistor having the tensile-strained silicon layer as a channel and a PMOS transistor having the compressive-strained silicon germanium layer as a channel are formed.
The step of forming the lattice-relaxed silicon germanium layer includes a step of forming a compressive strained silicon germanium layer on the first region of the silicon layer, and a step of forming the compressive strained silicon germanium layer by heat treatment. And a step of relaxing the lattice.
In the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to claim 5,
In the step of lattice relaxation of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer, the heat treatment is performed in a state where an insulating film is formed on the second region of the silicon layer.
In the step of lattice relaxation of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer, the heat treatment is performed with an insulating film formed on the compressive strained silicon germanium layer and the second region of the silicon layer. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
Forming a compressive strained silicon germanium layer on a silicon layer formed on the substrate via an insulating layer;
Irradiating the compressive strained silicon germanium layer with an energy beam to lattice-relax the compressive strained silicon germanium layer; and
The silicon germanium layer of compressive strained state prior to the step of lattice relaxation, on the silicon germanium layer of said compressive strain state, have a forming an insulating film having a transparent to the energy beam,
In the step of lattice relaxation of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer, the compressive strained silicon germanium layer is irradiated with an energy beam through the insulating film.
The silicon germanium layer of compressive strained state prior to the step of lattice relaxation, over the silicon germanium layer of said compressive strain state, and a step of forming a cap layer made of silicon,
In the step of lattice relaxation of the compressive strained silicon germanium layer, the energy beam is irradiated to the compressive strained silicon germanium layer through the cap layer.
JP2005507401A 2003-08-05 2003-08-05 Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof Active JP4322255B2 (en)
JPWO2005013375A1 JPWO2005013375A1 (en) 2006-09-28
JP4322255B2 true JP4322255B2 (en) 2009-08-26
JP2005507401A Active JP4322255B2 (en) 2003-08-05 2003-08-05 Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof
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