Source: http://www.ecode360.com/15297377
Timestamp: 2017-07-23 10:34:53
Document Index: 451838923

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 455', '§ 455', '§ 455', '§ 455', '§ 274', '§ 400', '§ 455', '§ 274']

Ch 455 Art X
§ 455-73
§ 455-74
§ 455-75
§ 455-76
A. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to:
(1) Provide adequate parking and loading facilities for all permitted
(2) Reduce traffic congestion and promote the allocation of parking and
loading spaces to increase public safety and convenience.
B. Applicability. Each building, structure or use constructed, established, erected, enlarged, modified or altered in any district shall provide and satisfactorily maintain off-street parking spaces and loading facilities in accordance with the requirements of this article, with the exception of more specific provisions established within Article V, Village of Berwyn Districts (VB, VT and VR), that pertain specifically to that district. Throughout this article, the terms "parking lot" and "parking area" are synonymous. The following regulations shall apply to all uses unless otherwise specified.
(1) Required off-street parking facilities as accessory to uses listed
herein shall be solely for the parking of motor vehicles of residents,
patrons, occupants, and/or employees. No motor vehicle repair work
of any kind, except emergency service, shall be permitted in parking
(2) In no case shall any portion of a public or private street be utilized in complying with the parking requirements of this article, unless as specified in Article V of this chapter.
(3) Uses not specifically listed in Subsection I of this section shall comply with the requirements for the most similar use listed in Subsection I of this section as determined by the Zoning Officer.
(4) Where the computation of required parking spaces results in a fractional
number, the fraction of 1/4 or more shall be counted as one.
(5) Whenever a structure is altered or extended or a use is changed, added, or extended, either within an existing structure or on a lot, which increases the parking requirements of Subsection I of this section, then the total additional parking required for the alteration, addition, change, or extension shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of Subsection I of this section.
(6) Where a proposed building or use contains or includes more than one type of use, regardless of whether each use is listed in Subsection I of this section or is unlisted, the number of parking spaces required shall be the sum of the parking requirements for each separate use. If a related or accessory use, such as a restaurant or auditorium, is maintained or operated in connection with a principal use, the off-street parking requirements for the related use shall be in addition to those for the principal use.
(7) No parking space shall be used for any use that interferes with its
availability as a parking space, and in no event shall loading areas
be placed or located within required parking spaces or parking isles
which provide access to such spaces.
(8) All required parking spaces and similar facilities shall be provided
and maintained so long as the use exists which such parking spaces
and facilities are designed to serve.
B. Off-street parking location.
(1) All accessory buildings or structures designed or intended to accommodate
the parking of vehicles and all off-street parking spaces shall be
erected, maintained, or permitted only on the lot on which the principal
building and/or use is located. Where adjoining lots are held in the
same ownership, and not in single and separate ownership, the owner
of the lot on which the principal use is located may establish required
off-street parking on the adjoining lot if:
(a) No principal use exists on the adjoining lot.
(b) The separate lots are consolidated by deed into a single lot
under one metes and bounds description.
(c) A final land development plan is approved consolidating the
lots. Resubdivision shall be prohibited unless each proposed lot is
capable of providing required parking without creating any nonconformity
or the need for a variance.
(2) Except for required spaces for single-family detached, two-family
and semidetached dwellings, which may be located in the driveway of
the lot on which the dwelling is constructed, parking spaces shall
not be located within any front yard, except in the Planned Business – Office
District (PBO), where parking in the front yard may be permitted as
a conditional use.[Amended 8-19-2013 by Ord. No. 417-13]
(3) No parking area, except for permitted access to the site, shall directly abut a public street. Each parking area shall be separated from any street by a curbed and planted strip in accordance with § 274-43, Article XI, of Chapter 274, Natural Resources Protection.
(4) Except in the VB, VT and VR Districts, and for common driveways,
all parking spaces, parking facilities, and access driveways shall
be separated and set back from any lot line by a minimum of 10 feet.
In the VB, VT and VR Districts, parking spaces, parking facilities,
and access driveways shall be separated and set back from any side
and rear lot line by a minimum of five feet, except for common driveways
where no setback is required.[Amended 8-19-2013 by Ord. No. 417-13]
(5) Any number of the required parking spaces may be provided within
an enclosed structure or garage where permitted by this chapter, which
shall meet all the area and bulk building requirements of the district
(6) Nothing herein shall preclude the location of required off-street
parking spaces for multifamily dwelling units (townhouses, apartments,
and similar housing types) in common parking areas designed and constructed
for this purpose. Parking spaces shall be within 200 feet of the dwelling
(7) Nothing herein shall preclude the marking of a separate area for
compact cars within a parking lot having more than 50 spaces of 1/10
of such parking area.
(8) A garage may be located wholly or partly inside the walls of the
principal building or may be attached to the outer walls. If separated
from the principal building, the garage shall conform to all accessory
C. Off-street parking access.
(1) Access to and from all off-street parking, loading, and vehicle service
areas along any public right-of-way shall consist of well-defined
separate or common entrances and exits.
(2) Access drives or streets crossing the lot line along a public right-of-way
shall be limited to two in number along the frontage of each right-of-way,
and their center lines shall be placed at least 80 feet apart. On
all corner properties, such accesses shall be spaced a minimum of
60 feet, measured at the curbline, between the center line of any
such access and the right-of-way line parallel thereto. The separation
distance shall not apply to single-family detached, semidetached,
and two-family residential lots in a development.
(3) The minimum width of an aisle providing access to parking spaces shall be as required by Subsection F(1) of this section and shall be provided with adequate radius to accommodate anticipated vehicle types.
(4) The required sight distance for accessways and streets which open
upon any public right-of-way shall comply with the following:
(5) Parking lots shall be designed so that each and every motor vehicle
may proceed to and from a parking space without requiring any other
motor vehicle to be moved.
(6) Parking spaces shall not be designed, constructed, or maintained to permit parked vehicles to be backed into a public or private accessway used or intended for traffic circulation in order to egress such space. In the case of multifamily dwelling developments exceeding 100 units, such off-street parking spaces shall be provided in paved parking compounds located within 200 feet of the dwellings they serve. Parking aisle widths shall be as required by Subsection F(1) of this section.
(7) Parking shall not be permitted on any public or private streets or
accessways which serve as the parking access to buildings or parking
spaces, areas or compounds serving such buildings.
(8) Every development of whatever type shall provide adequate access
to all buildings, units, and accessory facilities for firefighting
and other emergency equipment. No development accessway shall constitute
adequate access if, by virtue of parking design or location, roadway
design or width, limited access from public roads or building layout,
the Supervisors determine that adequate access is lacking. Criteria
to be considered shall be:[Amended 6-2-2014 by Ord.
(a) Access for firefighting equipment and vehicles shall have a
minimum unobstructed right-of-way width of 24 feet and a clear, unobstructed
and defined paved cartway surface with a minimum width of 20 feet.
The extension of fire lane easements shall begin from one or more
existing and improved public streets contiguous to the development.
(b) Access for firefighting equipment and vehicles which curves,
turns or changes directions shall have a minimum center-line radius
of 55 feet of pavement. Fire lane easements containing reverse curves
shall have a minimum center-line tangent length of 100 feet between
(c) Access for firefighting equipment and vehicles which dead-ends
shall be terminated with an unobstructed vehicular turnaround or cul-de-sac
with a minimum right-of-way radius of 60 feet and shall have a minimum
surface radius of 50 feet. Dead-end fire lane easements shall have
a maximum length of 400 feet. The location of fire lane easements
shall conform to plans for extension of street, sanitary sewers, water
mains, storm sewers, and other drainage facilities and public utilities
as required by this chapter and other ordinances of the Township and
shall provide adequate access to buildings by firemen or other emergency
(9) In the event development access as proposed by the landowner is inadequate for fire and other emergency equipment access in accordance with the criteria established in Subsection C(8) above, fire lanes shall be required in addition to the development streets and accessways proposed by the landowner.
D. Parking space size and design requirements. The standards of this
subsection shall apply to all uses served by off-street parking areas:
(1) Parking spaces shall be reasonably level, sloping not more than 5% in any direction. A rectangular block of the dimensions specified in Subsection D(2) below shall be provided for all off-street parking spaces, regardless of pull-in angle, and shall not be occupied nor intruded upon by light standards or their foundations, landscape elements, pedestrian walkways, driveways, passageways, or any other feature which results in a reduced area available for occupation by a vehicle.
(2) Except as otherwise provided, perpendicular spaces shall have minimum
dimensions of nine feet wide by 20 feet long. Parallel parking spaces
shall have minimum dimensions of nine feet wide by 24 feet long.
(a) Except as otherwise provided, perpendicular spaces for compact
cars shall have minimum dimensions of eight feet wide by 18 feet long.
Parallel parking spaces for compact cars shall have minimum dimensions
of eight feet wide by 22 feet long.
(3) All parking spaces shall be marked by white durable painted lines
at least four inches wide and extending the length of the space or
by curbs or other means to indicate individual spaces. Signs or markers
located on the surface within a parking lot shall be used as necessary
to ensure efficient and safe traffic operation of the lot.[Amended 12-15-2014 by Ord. No. 424-14]
(4) Parking areas shall be constructed to comply with stormwater management requirements provided for in this chapter and § 400-55 of Chapter 400, Subdivision of Land Development. Concrete curbing shall be provided along the perimeter of all parking lots for any use except parking on single-family or two-family residential lots.
(5) Parking areas shall be paved with an all-weather surface material,
such as asphalt, bituminous concrete, concrete, brick or other similar
unit paver, and shall be as approved by the Township Engineer.
(6) A program of parking area maintenance, including regular sweeping
operations, shall be conducted on all parking areas and facilities.
E. Handicapped parking.
(1) Accessible parking spaces and routes for use by handicapped drivers
shall be provided in accordance with the requirements specified in
Appendix I, "Handicapped Parking and Access Route Regulations Mandated
by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990."
(2) Parking spaces for use by handicapped drivers shall be located to
minimize the distance between such spaces and the buildings or a wheelchair-accessible
entrance to the facility served. Curb ramps shall be provided to permit
access from the parking lot to the sidewalk or building entrance.
(3) Handicapped spaces shall be located so that users are not required
to wheel or walk behind parked vehicles.
F. Traffic lane and driveway dimensions.
(1) Traffic aisles and other vehicular accessways designed for circulation
(2) Accessways providing access to parking areas from a public or private
street shall be of adequate length to accommodate off-street stacking
of vehicles waiting to enter the parking area. The stacking area shall
accommodate at least one vehicle, plus one vehicle for every 25 spaces
provided in the parking area, up to 20 stacking spaces, and shall
be designed and located so as not to block the free flow of vehicles
(3) Traffic channelization shall be planned in such a way that a main
driving aisle from which vehicles can flow into parking areas is remote
from the primary building(s) to avoid traffic conflict in front of
the primary building(s).
(4) Parking areas shall be designed so that a vehicle within the parking
area will not have to enter a public street to move from one location
to another location within the parking area.
G. Minimum number of required off-street parking spaces per land use. All owners and developers shall provide, for each land use, as a minimum, sufficient off-street parking spaces to conform with Subsections H and I below. Proposed parking areas, which are greatly in excess of those required hereunder, shall be discouraged.
H. Employee off-street parking. Except for office buildings and business
services, one off-street parking space shall be provided for each
employee. "Employee" includes principals, officers, executives, owners,
staff members, and similar classifications. In the case of shifts,
adequate allowance shall be made for overlapping of arrivals and departures.[Amended 8-19-2013 by Ord. No. 417-13]
I. Minimum off-street parking spaces. In addition to the number of spaces that must be provided for employees pursuant to Subsection H, additional spaces shall be provided by the application of the appropriate formula for each use as listed in this subsection. If a related or accessory use, such as a restaurant or auditorium, in connection with the principal use is open to the public, the off-street parking requirements for the related use shall be in addition to that for the principal use.[Amended 8-19-2013 by Ord. No. 417-13]
Single-family detached, single-family attached dwellings, semidetached
Multifamily dwellings (multifamily building, multifamily development,
dwellings, mobile homes used as permanent residences
Multifamily dwellings (townhouses, multifamily building, multifamily
development, apartments)
2.0 spaces per dwelling unit, plus 1.0 space per 5.0 units for
visitor parking where 10.0 or more units are proposed
1.0 space per 3.0 beds, or 1.0 space per dwelling unit, plus
1 space per employee on the largest shift
(Outdoor display areas for auto sales shall not be included
in required parking spaces.)
1 space per guest room, plus 1 space per employee, plus 2 spaces
for the resident owner(s)
Personal services (e.g., dry cleaners, beauty shop, shoe repair,
photo shop, copy center)
20.0 spaces per 1,000 square feet occupied by viewing rooms
or 1.0 space per 4.0 seats, whichever is greater
Gas station (in addition to service station requirement and
convenience store requirements, where applicable)
1.0 space per rental unit, plus 6.0 spaces per 50 units, plus
spaces for each accessory use
in sales or display area, plus 1.0 space per 1,000 square feet of
gross usable floor area of warehouse
(Where establishments have benches, 3 linear feet of bench shall
equal 1 seat. In areas within establishments that have no fixed seats,
150 square feet of gross floor area shall equal 1 seat.)
Service station, repair facility, auto body repair service (in
addition to gas station requirements, if applicable)
Manufacturing/industrial uses less than 100,000 square feet
of gross usable floor area
Manufacturing/industrial uses equal to or greater than 100,000
square feet of gross usable floor area
for first 100,000 square feet of gross usable floor area and 2.0 spaces
per each additional 1,000 square feet of gross usable floor area above
in classroom buildings
1.0 space per on-campus residential unit, plus 2.0 spaces per
1,000 square feet of gross usable floor area in classroom buildings
1.0 space per instructor or employee, plus 1.0 space per student
12.0 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross usable floor area
in main assembly hall
3.0 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross usable floor area,
plus 1.0 unloading space per 10 children or persons the center is
licensed to accommodate
1.0 space per employee, whether full- or part-time, plus 1.0
space per 20 students
1.0 space per classroom, plus 1.0 space per 10 students in grades
11 and 12, plus 1.0 space per 10 fixed seats in the auditorium
Varies based on facility and service area; required spaces to
be determined by the Board of Supervisors
5.0 spaces per tee, plus requirements for ancillary uses, if
J. Off-street parking regulations and design standards in the Village Business District (VB) and Village Transition District (VT). See § 455-25 of this chapter.[Amended 8-19-2013 by Ord. No. 417-13]
A. General regulations for nonresidential uses. Each building, structure
or use constructed, established, erected, enlarged, modified or altered
in any district shall provide and satisfactorily maintain off-street
loading spaces in accordance with the requirements of this section.
(a) All required loading areas shall be located on the same lot
as the use to be served, and no portion of the vehicle shall project
into any traffic lane. No loading area for vehicles of more than two
tons' capacity shall be located less than 100 feet from any residential
use or district, unless expressly permitted by the Supervisors for
a commercial use in the VB District. No permitted or required loading
area shall be located within the accessory structure setback.
(b) Loading areas shall not occupy parking spaces, traffic aisles
within a parking lot, driveways, accessways, or any public or private
(c) Loading areas shall be located in rear or side yard areas. No
loading facilities shall be constructed between the building setback
line and a street right-of-way line or within any required yard setback
(2) Access. Each required off-street loading area shall be designed with
appropriate means of vehicular access to an interior drive in a manner
which will least interfere with traffic movements and shall be subject
(3) Repair and service. No storage of any kind nor motor vehicle repair
work of any kind, except emergency work, shall be permitted within
any required loading area.
(4) Landscaping. Loading areas shall have perimeter landscaping in accordance with § 274-43, Article XI, of Chapter 274, Natural Resources Protection.
(5) Interior circulation. Interior accessways shall be designed so as
to prevent blockage of vehicles entering or leaving the site. Areas
designed for loading and unloading, refuse collection, fuel delivery,
and other service vehicles shall be so arranged as to prevent blocking
or interfering with accessways, the use of vehicular parking facilities
or pedestrianways and to prevent backing out into a street.
(6) Paving. All loading areas and access to loading areas shall have
a dust-free surface over the entire area customarily used by delivery
vehicles for parking and maneuvering. The surface may be asphalt,
concrete, nonpolluting oil-sealed gravel, compacted gravel, or any
other dust-free surfacing material which meets the approval of the
B. Required minimum number and dimensions of off-street loading berths.
Requirements of this subsection shall apply to all business, personal
service, industrial and commercial uses and to all uses that include
business, personal service, industrial and commercial uses and other
nonresidential uses as herein specified and to all expansions of such
existing uses resulting in a gross floor area gain of 10% or more.
(1) Size. Loading berths shall be sized according to the type of facility
served, as indicated below:
(a) Large loading berth:
[1] Required for factories, warehouses, distribution centers, shopping
centers, supermarkets, retail stores offering large products (e.g.,
major home appliances, furniture), automobile and farm implement dealers.
[2] Minimum of 14 feet by 60 feet with 15 feet of overhead clearance.
(b) Small loading berth:
[1] Required for all uses not specified in Subsection B(1)(a)[1] above.
[2] Minimum of 12 feet by 30 feet with 15 feet of overhead clearance.
(2) Loading berths calculated on gross floor area shall be provided as
C. General regulations for residential uses. The requirements of this
subsection shall apply to all residential uses of more than five units,
except single-family detached, two-family, and semidetached dwellings.
(1) Each building, structure, or use constructed, established, erected,
enlarged, modified, or altered in any district shall provide and satisfactorily
maintain off-street space for loading and unloading.
(2) The minimum size of a loading space shall be 50 feet in length and
12 feet in width, with an overhead clearance of 15 feet, exclusive
of drives and maneuvering space, and shall be located entirely on
the lot being served.
(3) For each 24 dwelling units or fraction thereof, one loading space
shall be provided, which shall be located not more than 100 feet from
the building or unit being served.
(4) No loading space shall be located within a street, whether public
or private, or in an accessway, driveway, or in any required parking
aisle or spaces. All loading spaces shall be line-striped with white
or yellow paint and clearly marked and maintained with the words "Loading/Unloading
(5) All loading spaces shall be served by streets, public or private,
or accessways of the same specifications applicable to parking spaces.