Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US5682027
Timestamp: 2018-03-20 12:07:51
Document Index: 130852698

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'arts 1', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'arts 1']

US5682027A - System and method for performing transactions and a portable intelligent device therefore - Google Patents
System and method for performing transactions and a portable intelligent device therefore
US5682027A
US5682027A US08424258 US42425895A US5682027A US 5682027 A US5682027 A US 5682027A US 08424258 US08424258 US 08424258 US 42425895 A US42425895 A US 42425895A US 5682027 A US5682027 A US 5682027A
US08424258
Johannes Marinus George Bertina
Quentin Rees Oliver
Intellect Australia Pty Ltd
In this specification, the term "transaction" is defined to mean any type of interchange involving data or information, which may or may not be specific to the performance of a commercial transaction. In addition, the term "service provider" and "service user" are similarly not limited to the provision and use of services of only a commercial nature and relate to the identity of any two entities involved in an interchange of any nature, for which the invention may have utility.
The invention has application in the use of a self-contained portable intelligent devices which include a microprocessor for performing data processing. Such devices are presently being embodied in the form of integrated circuit cards (IC cards). These card in their basic form have the appearance of a standard credit card but incorporate within them various forms of integrated circuits to allow for on-board storage and processing of data via an input-output port.
Asynchronous cards are more sophisticated, in the main comprising a single chip microcomputer which is entirely self-contained on the card. The microcomputer comprises a central processing unit, volatile and nonvolatile memory, and an IO port. The main program of the microcomputer is generally specific to partitioning, storing and retrieving data in the nonvolatile memory, usually with some kind of read/write control attributes that are optional and reasonably flexible. The main program comprises an operating system which is provided with a command executor that acts on commands to create files, to read and write to files and handle passwords. Hence most of these cards have security features that control access to the card and/or specific data areas, and which allow for changing of passwords.
An important consideration with respect to the use of portable self-contained for performing transactions between a service user and a service provide is the ability to secure data storage within these devices as well as the ability to secure the transmission of this data to and from these devices.
The first method implies the need for a security module that contains cipher keys which are kept secret by the security features of the security module employed for both the portable device and the host system. Accordingly, data for storage would be encrypted by the security module using a specific cipher key (eg, the one related to the memory area that the data is to be stored in) and then passed over for storage in either the portable device or the host system, as applicable.
The security of the second method, in particular, can be enhanced further by the use of a single chip microcomputer having no external data and address buses in the portable device. The use of a single chip microcomputer, as used in asynchronous IC cards, makes a good secure module and consequently IC cards of this type are particularly suited to the present invention.
These types of IC cards are operated by programs consisting of native code for the microcomputer stored in the mask ROM thereof. Such a program executes at power on after reset and controls all accesses to the data storage area of the microcomputer. The program handles the serial communications and recognizes and acts on a number of high level command frames from the serial communications. These command frames are for creating storage areas, opening a storage area for reading or writing, presenting a password for a storage area, unlocking a card after too many wrong passwords, and possibly encryption. In handling only specific commands in very specific ways, the portable device can provide secure data storage.
Although IC cards with single chip microcomputers provide a tremendous opportunity for enabling transactions to occur between service user and service providers, with a high degree of security, there is still a reluctance to utilize these cards to their full capacity for the purposes of conducting transactions, particularly where confidential or sensitive data and information are required to be stored upon the card. This can be attributed, at least in part, to the lack of standardization in the command set of these cards, lack of security in presenting a password, and lack of flexibility in the use of thee cards.
It is an object of the present invention, to provide a system for enabling a service user to perform one or more transactions with different service providers, while providing a high level of security for the performance of the transactions both with respect to the service provider and the service user, using a self-contained portable intelligent device.
It is a preferred object of the present invention to provide a system for the secure interchange of data and information between a service provider and service user using a self-contained portable intelligent device to facilitate transactions between the two which may involve the interchange of commercial data and/or information with a high level of security.
It is a further preferred object of the present invention to provide a portable elf-contained intelligent device which is able to form a secure module for the storage of data and information communicated thereto from a service provider.
said nonvolatile memory being arranged such that one part thereof has an operating system mask programmed in native code for said microcomputer for performing basic functions, and a second part thereof adapted to store data files having different access restriction levels thereto;
said interface device including a program module within said memory comprising one or more instructions forming part of a prescribed instruction set discrete from said native code for working with prescribed data files within said second part of said nonvolatile memory in accordance with said operating system after said intelligent device is connected to said coupler and/or for performing control functions in accordance with said instructions set and peripherals of the device;
wherein said operating system includes: (a) a command executor for receiving a command, performing a prescribed function in respect of said command, and providing a result or status to the command; and (b) a program interpreter for executing said program module to perform a transaction; and wherein said instructions have restricted control functions to limit access to said data files.
Preferably, said program module is loaded into said random access memory via said communication port by said command executor in response to a prescribed command received and executed thereby when said intelligent device is connected to said coupler for subsequent execution by said program interpreter.
Alternatively, said program module may be loaded into a third part of said nonvolatile memory via said communication port by said command executor in response to a prescribed command received and executed thereby when said intelligent device is connected to said coupler for execution by said program interpreter.
a single chip microcomputer having an input/output communication port, nonvolatile memory, and random access memory;
(i) said nonvolatile memory is arranged such that one part thereof has an operating system mask programmed in native code for said microcomputer for performing basic functions, and a second part thereof adapted to store data files having different access restriction levels thereto;
(iv) said program module comprises one or more instructions forming part of a prescribed instruction set discrete from said native code for working with prescribed data files within said second part of said nonvolatile memory in accordance with said operating system and/or for performing control functions in accordance with said instruction set and peripherals of the device; and
(v) said one or more instructions having restricted control functions to limit data file access.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the menu states of operation of he operating system program;
The microcomputer is embodied in a single monolithic integrated circuit, housing both the CPU 27 and all of the volatile and nonvolatile memory of the microcomputer. The microcomputer is arranged so that it can only operate in a single chip mode from an operating system program which is masked into the ROM 17 of the integrated circuit at the time of manufacture. This operating system program, known as the "mask" program, provides the basis for the operation of the intelligent device and invokes a number of discrete special routines which are also masked into the ROM to form an overall "mask" program which provides a high level of security.
The EEPROM 19 of the nonvolatile memory is adapted to store a plurality of data files 33, as shown demonstratively in FIG. 2 of the drawings. Data files are basically partitions in the nonvolatile memory which are used for data storage. These files can be created having different access restrictions, such as: read/write/read only/write only/no access/password access. The data files 33 each comprise header and one or more records 35. The header contains information that identifies tho file, the start address of the file, the next free address after the end of the file (which becomes the header of a new file), the record size and number, its access attributes and its password number.
The special routines,of the mask program of the ROM 17 include a main menu routine, a command executor, and a program interpreter. As shown demonstratively in FIG. 2, the ROM 17 is depicted showing the mask program divided into three functional blocks. The first 37 is the operating system and main menu routine which are closely interrelated, the second 39 is the command executor routine, and the third is the program interpreter 41.
lead program module
The program interpreter routine 41 provide a level of operation separate from both the operating system 37 and command executor 39. The program interpreter 41 essentially is designed to execute selected program modules 43 which, in the present embodiment, are loaded into the RAM 21. Instructions are fetched sequentially from the list of instructions appearing in the program module and are interpreted so that the CPU 27 performs the kind of action required of it.
Get Key n! t! (p1) get (n) key strokes terminated by key (t) into locations starting at (p1). (n) can be 1 to 16. (t) can be any key code or no key (zero) if terminating key not needed.
Put LCD (p1) (p2) put char at location (p1) to the display at position (q).
Get LCD (p2) (p1) get char from display position (p2) and store to location (p1).
Swap LCD swap hidden & visible display lines (the display has 1 physical line and 2 logical lines).
Put comm (p1) send char at location (p1) to serial port.
Get Comm (p1) get char from serial port and store to location (f).
Set Rate n! set serial port data rate. (n)=0 for 9600, 1 for 4800, 2 for 2400 and 3 for 1200 bps. (default is 9600).
put Record (p1) n! f! put data starting from location (p1) and store in record (n) of file (f).
Get Record (p1) n! f! get data from record (n) of file (f) and store starting at location (p1).
Open f! open file (f) for access.
Close close the open file (only one file at a time allowed open).
Create f! n! s! a! create file (f) with (n) records of size (s) with access rules (a). (if (r)=0 then Add R must be used).
Add Rec s! a! add record to file under creation with record size (r) and access rules (a). (can only be used if (r) in Create is 0).
Pres PW n! (p1) present data starting at location (p1) as password n!.
Comp (p1) (p2) compare data at locations (p1) and (p2) and set flags to indicate if = or = and < or >.
Branch X n! on flag condition X change program execution to run from current location =(n). X can be EQ, NE, GT, LT & Au EQ is =, ME is =, GT is >, LT is < and AW is alway.
ST Loop n! execute following list of instructions (n) times. the list must be followed by a Loop Bk instruction.
loop Bk used to signal the end of a block of instructions begun by a St Loop instructions.
Call e! a subroutine call, (e) is the entry point location.
Rate a return from subroutine call.
Add (p1) (p2) add chars at locations (p1) and (p2), result is in (p1) and any carry sets a flat to indicate >.
Sub (p1) (p2) subtract at location (p1) and (p2), result is in (p1) and any borrow sets a flat to indicate <.
Shf R (p1) bit shift char at location (p1) "right" (MSS to LSB), the lsb is discarded and the msb is filled with a 0.
Shf L (p1) bit shift char at location (p1) "left" (LSB to MSB), the msb is discarded and the lsb is filled with a 0.
AND (p1) (p2) logical and chars at locations (p1) and (p2).
OR (p1) (p2) logical or chars at location (p1) and (p2).
XOR (p1) (p2) logical xor chars at locations (p1) and (p2).
BCD2Bin (p1) L! convert numeric data starting at location (p) from BCD to Binary. (L) is length of BCD data.
Bin2BCD (p1) L! convert numeric data starting at location (p1) from BCD. (L) is length of Binary data.
Bin2ASC (p1) convert data a location (p1) from binary to ASC11 representation. (ASC11 Hex).
ASC2Bin (p1) converts two chars starting a location (p1) from ASC11 Hex representation to Binary.
ENC (p1) (p2) encrypt 8 bytes of data starting at location (p1). using DES cipher key starting at location (p2).
DEC (p1) (p2) decrypt 8 bytes of data starting at location (p1) using DES cipher key starting at location (p2).
PUT data Px put data following the instruction into either P1 or P2.
MOV (p1) (p2) move data at location (p1) to (p2).
ICR Px Increment either P1 or P2.
DCR Px decrement either P1 or P2.
LDPRG load another code module into the execution buffer.
2. parameters a!, f!, L!, n!, s! & t! are 8 bit values.
3. parameters e! (p1) & (p2) are 12 or 16 bit values.
4. file Identifiers f! range from 0 to 127.
5. branch "offset" values n! range from -128 to 127, the MSB bit indicates positive or negative. (MSB=1=-Ve).
8. the St Loop instruction makes a copy of n! for the Loop Bk instruction to decrement when it is encountered. While the copy of n! is not zero Loop Bk will send program execution back to the instructions after St Loop n!. Nesting of Loops is limited to 3 levels.
11. there are 16 passwords so n! in Pres P is between 0 and 15.
12. if s!=0 in Create, then MSB of File ID is set to indicate file has records of variable length, which allows each record to have its own access rules.
13. the Add Rec instruction must b used following a Create with s!=0, to build the file structure. It has to be performed n! times to complete the file structure. Once the Create with s!=0 is launched the device enters a state where it requires the correct number of Add Rec's be performed even if the power is interrupted. All other file operations will be denied with a status to indicate the current situation.
The flow chart for the command executor subroutine is shown at FIG. 6 of the drawings and initially commences with waiting for a command a represented at block 101. Upon receiving information from the serial communications port 15, represented at block 103, the subroutine then proceeds to determine whether it is a valid command or not at decision box 105. If it is not a valid command, the subroutine proceeds by setting the status register of the microcomputer to indicate that there was a command error as represented at block 107 and then sends the appropriate status out through the communications port 15 as represented at block 109. At this point, it then returns to block 101 to wait for another command.
These program modules 43 are application specific to the type of transaction that is to be established between the service provider and service user, as are the data files 33. Thus, a program module can be loaded into the intelligent device 13 from the introduce device 11 via the coupler 14 and be executed automatically by the program interpreter 41, without the program flow being observed either by the service provider or the service user, and thus provide a high level of security for any sensitive data that the card may contain. This high level of security is provided as a result of the microcomputer operating in single chip mode. Thus, there are no `instruction fetch` and `data read or write` cycles occurring on the microcomputers pins. The microcomputer runs from internal memory, mask ROM, RAM or EEPROM. None of the program execution can be observed electrically, electronically or of course visually.
In this respect, the program interpreter is designed to assume that the first byte of the program module stored in the execution buffer 45 is an instruction code. This instruction code would then be stored in the instruction latch whereby an instruction type table 129 firstly decodes the instruction to determine if more addreese are needed to be generated by the address counter 121 and address latch 123 for latching data stored into the data latch 127.Dependent upon the recognition of the instruction by the type table 129, the instruction latch 125 or data latch 127 is controlled as indicated by the latch control lines 131 and 133. An instruction decoder 135 is then operated to look up a table of subroutine addresses using the instruction code stored in the instruction latch 125 as an index. The relevant subroutine is then executed and when finished, the instruction type table increments the address counter 121 to access the next instruction of the program module stored within the execution buffer 45.
It should be noted that the address counter 121 presents sequential addressee to the execution buffer 45 via address latch 123, whereby it is normally incremented by the the instruction type table 129. The address counter 121 however, can be reloaded by either the type table 129 or the decoder 135 and the address latch 123 can be written to by the decoder 135 directly.
It should be noted that the program interpreter actually takes a list of binary codes and uses them either as instructions to be executed, data to be worked with, addresses to get data from, decisions to be made, changes in execution path etc, as represented by the instruction set. Each eight bit byte will represent an instruction or a piece of data or part of an address location or an offset address. Importantly, under this system, the program module 43 is written using instructions that will be interpreted and acted upon by the program interpreter 41, and which importantly do not contain any of the native code of the CPU 27, which otherwise could possibly create a breach of security. Thus, any program module 43 is forced to do only what the program interpreter 41 allows it to do. The reason for this is that the native code of the microcomputer can do anything it likes, whereas the interpreter is structured so as to limit operation on, and access to data, and display of it, in a manner which can not cause a breach of security. This is achieved by way of the specific instruction set previously described, and by the interpreter not seeing memory as a single location, but rather as registers that are logically mapped from memory and as file storage areas, in the same way as the command executor would see memory.
Now describing the operation of the system for performing transactions while the IC card 13 is connected to an interface device 11, firstly with respect to data storage and manipulation, data files 33 are created initially and progressively having a plurality of records which record data and information relevant to a particular transaction to be performed between a service provider and a service user. Security is provided by the ability to place restrictions on file access and creation, whereby it is possible to configure the requirement for PIN number or challenge code, or both, to allow reading or writing or creating of files. Different levels of restrictions can be placed on individual files and their records. For instance a file can be configured as write only with access via the challenge code only, or read only with access being available only via the PIN and challenge code sequence.
Banking transaction and EFTPOS
The performance of a transaction revolves around the use of program modules 43 which have previously been programmed for the purposes of the service provider and the service user, and which permanently reside within the memory associated with the interface device. These program modules 43 are downloaded to the IC card for governing the particular transaction which is to take place after the transaction has initially been established as previously described.
An important advantage in adopting the present invention is that program modules can be changed when updates or enhancements are required at the service provider end, without requiring the IC card itself to be updated or enhanced. In addition, the entire transaction is regulated by the program module, minimizing the likelihood of error and facilitating the performance of the transaction. Furthermore each "application" that the IC card supports can have a different type of data representation method tailored to suit the needs of the specific application. In this regard, data representation is not limited to the ASCII standard which is wasteful of storage space in limited situations such as IC card use, and hence by using application specific data representations, this problem can be alleviated. In addition, different security schemes may be implemented by different "applications" for example key management etc.
(1) A person goes to a doctor, for instance one who is not normally seen by them, equipped with the visual IC card. After performing the initial identification routine with the card, the doctor may be able to connect the card to his interface device which transfers prescribed program module to the card. This program module subsequently allows the doctor to view the summary of recent medical history. From this, the doctor can make a diagnosis and prescribe drugs based on information from the patient and the summary stored within the card. The doctor can then document his diagnosis, drug prescription and consultation charge and transfer the same via the interface device for subsequent recording within the relevant data files provided on the card. This is all controlled via the program module resident within the card so that this information is conveyed from the interface device to the card and is subsequently automatically processed by the program interpreter. Upon completion of the operation of the program module or modules, the program modules are entirely erased from the card.
In this respect, the financial transaction data file may be linked with a particular financial institution, whereby the institution may enter en available credit to the user upon purchase of the same, from which the consultation charge and drug charges are debited by the respective doctor and dispensary and which are subsequently credited in part or full by the health insurance company.
______________________________________      Current     HealthMedical    History     Prescription                              Costs______________________________________Doctor     Read and add                  Read and add                              Add onlyDispensary No access   Read and Modify                              Add onlyHealth     No access   No access   Read andInsurance                          Modify______________________________________
As can be seen from the example, the support of multiple applications within the visual IC card provides for requirements of data representation, procedural operation, privacy and security that are different and specific to each application. By having the IC card execute program modules that are loaded into it via the coupler, a system is devised that can easily take care of the requirements of multiple applications in the one card, with a high degree of flexibility and security, and without the need for customized programming of the interface device.
said nonvolatile memory being arranged such that one part thereof has an operating system programmed in native code for said microcomputer for performing basic functions, and a second part thereof adapted to store data files having different access restriction levels thereto;
said interface device including a program module within said memory comprising one or more instructions forming part of a prescribed instruction set discrete from said native code for working with prescribed data files within said second part of said nonvolatile memory in accordance with said operating system after said intelligent device is connected to said coupler;
wherein said instructions have restricted control functions to limit access to said data files.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said program module is loaded into said random access memory via said communication port by said command executor in response to a prescribed command received and executed thereby when said intelligent device is connected to said coupler for subsequent execution by said program interpreter.
3. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said program module is loaded into a third part of said nonvolatile memory via said communication port by said command executor in response to a prescribed command received and executed thereby when said intelligent device is connected to said coupler for execution by said program interpreter.
4. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said program module is encrypted and said operating system includes a data encryption and decryption program to decrypt said program module in accordance with a prescribed algorithm.
5. A system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said prescribed algorithm is the Data Encryption Standard algorithm (D.E.S.) or RSA algorithm.
6. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said intelligent device includes a keyboard and display.
7. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of said program modules are loaded sequentially into said random access memory and chained together to extend the capability of the system.
8. A system as claimed in claim 7, wherein said program modules are encrypted and said operating system includes a data encryption and decryption program to decrypt said program modules in block chaining mode in accordance with a prescribed algorithm.
9. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said data files each comprise records whereby different records within a file can have different access restriction levels thereto.
10. A system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said data files and records each comprise headers for specifying an access restriction level.
11. A system as claimed in claim 10, wherein said access restriction level comprises a password.
12. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a said program module is adapted to allow a data representation method suited to the specific application thereof to be used.
13. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein operation of said program interpreter is invoked by said command executor in response to a prescribed command received and executed thereby.
14. A self-contained portable intelligent device for performing a transaction with an interface device associated with a memory for storing data and a coupler for connecting to said intelligent device for establishing communications therewith, comprising:
a microcomputer having an input/output communication port, nonvolatile memory, and random access memory;
(i) said nonvolatile memory is arranged such that one part thereof has an operating system programmed in native code for said microcomputer for performing basic functions, and a second part thereof adapted to store data files having different access restriction levels thereto;
(iv) said program module comprises one or more instructions forming part of a prescribed instruction set discrete from said native code for working with prescribed data files within said second part of said nonvolatile memory in accordance with said operating system; and
(v) said one or more instructions having restricted control functions to limit access to data file.
15. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 14, wherein said program module is loaded into said random access memory from the coupler of the interface device via said communication port when said intelligent device is connected to said coupler for execution by said operating system.
16. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 14, wherein said program module is loaded into a third part of said nonvolatile memory from the coupler of the interface device via said communication port when said intelligent device is connected to the coupler for execution by said operating system.
17. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 14 wherein said program module is encrypted and said operating system includes a data encryption and decryption program to decrypt said program module in accordance with a prescribed algorithm.
18. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 14 wherein a plurality of said program modules are loaded sequentially into said random access memory and chained together to extend the capability of the system.
19. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 18, wherein said program modules are encrypted and said operating system includes a data encryption and decryption program to decrypt said program modules in block chaining mode in accordance with a prescribed algorithm.
20. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 14 wherein said data files each comprise records whereby different records within a file can have different access restriction levels thereto.
21. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 20, wherein said data files and records each comprise headers for specifying an access restriction level.
22. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 21, wherein said access restriction level comprises a password.
23. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 14 wherein a said program module is adapted to allow a data representation method suited to the specific application thereof to be used.
24. An intelligent device as claimed in claim 14 wherein operation of said program interpreter is invoked by said command executor in response to a prescribed command received and executed thereby.
25. A method for performing a transaction between an intelligent device as claimed in claim 14 and the interface device referred to therein, comprising:
26. A method as claimed in claim 25, including loading said program module into the memory of the intelligent device before invoking said program interpreter.
27. A method as claimed in claim 26 wherein said loading comprises invoking a command executor also forming part of the operator system of the intelligent device to receive and execute a load command from the interface device, and wherein said invoking of said program interpreter is performed by said command executor pursuant to receiving and executing a program module execution command from the interface device.
28. A method as claimed in claim 25, wherein said data file have headers providing for different access restriction levels applicable to different program modules and wherein said instructions decode the header of a said prescribed data file before accessing it to determine whether it is accessible.
US08424258 1992-10-26 1993-10-26 System and method for performing transactions and a portable intelligent device therefore Expired - Lifetime US5682027A (en)
AUPL552092 1992-10-26
AUPL5520 1992-10-26
PCT/AU1993/000552 WO1994010657A1 (en) 1992-10-26 1993-10-26 Host and user transaction system
US08957722 Continuation US6091817A (en) 1992-10-26 1997-10-24 Host and user transaction system
US08957714 Continuation US6095412A (en) 1992-10-26 1997-10-24 Host and user transaction system
US08957246 Continuation-In-Part US6145739A (en) 1992-10-26 1997-10-24 System and method for performing transactions and an intelligent device therefor
US5682027A true US5682027A (en) 1997-10-28
ID=3776501
US08424258 Expired - Lifetime US5682027A (en) 1992-10-26 1993-10-26 System and method for performing transactions and a portable intelligent device therefore
US08957714 Expired - Lifetime US6095412A (en) 1992-10-26 1997-10-24 Host and user transaction system
US08957722 Expired - Fee Related US6091817A (en) 1992-10-26 1997-10-24 Host and user transaction system
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International Standard ISO 7816-1:1987 (E) Identification cards--integrated circuits(s) cards with contacts:--Part 1: Physical characteristics; Part 2: Dimensions and location of contacts; Part 3: Electronic signals and transmission protocols author, month, year for each parts 1, 2, 3 are missing.
Slumberger Industries M 16 E Smart Card Application Mask E 2 Users Manual Release 2 1 (36 pages) author, month, year missing. *
Slumberger Industries M 16 E Smart Card Application Mask E 2 Users Manual Release 2-1 (36 pages) author, month, year missing.
Toshiba System Catalogue of Semi Conductors for IC Cards (9 pages) author, month, year missing. *
Toshiba System Catalogue of Semi-Conductors for IC Cards (9 pages) author, month, year missing.
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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BERTINA, JOHANNES MARINUS GEORGE;OLIVER, QUENTIN REES;REEL/FRAME:007523/0811
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