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CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY : 26 C.F.R. § 1.954-6 Foreign base company shipping income.
United States> Code of Federal Regulations> Title 26 - Internal Revenue> PART 1--INCOME TAXES> § 1.954-6 Foreign base company shipping income.
26 C.F.R. § 1.954-6 Foreign base company shipping income.
(a) Scope—(1) In general. This section prescribes rules for determining foreign base company shipping income under the provisions of section 954(f), as amended by the Tax Reduction Act of 1975.
(2) Effective date. (i) The rules prescribed in this section apply to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after December 31, 1975, and to taxable years of United States shareholders (as defined in section 951 (b)) within which or with which such taxable years of such foreign corporations end.
(b) Definitions—(1) Foreign base company shipping income. The term “foreign base company shipping income” means—
(vii) Exchange gain, to the extent allocable to foreign base company shipping income (see §1.952–2(c)(2)(v)(b), and
(viii) In the case of a controlled foreign corporation and at its option, dividends, interest, and gains attributable to income derived from aircraft and vessels (as defined in 26 CFR 1.954–1(b)(2) (Revised as of April 1, 1975)) by a less developed country shipping company (described in §1.955–5(b)) in taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962, and before January 1, 1976. The portion of a dividend, interest, or gain attributable to such income shall be determined by the same method as that for determining the portion of a dividend, interest, or gain attributable to foreign base company shipping income under paragraphs (f)(4), (5), and (6) of this section, but without regard to paragraphs (f)(6)(ii) and (iv)(B).
(3) Foreign commerce. For purposes of sections 951 through 964—
(i) An aircraft or vessel is used in foreign commerce to the extent it is used in transportation of property or passengers—
(ii) The term vessel includes all water craft and other artificial contrivances of whatever description and at whatever stage of construction, whether on the stocks or launched, which are used or are capable of being used or are intended to be used as a means of transportation on water. This definition does not apply for purposes of section 956(b)(2)(G) and §1.956–2(b)(1)(ix).
(5) Related person. With respect to a controlled foreign corporation, the term “related person” means a related person as defined in §1.954–1(e)(1), and the term “unrelated person” means an unrelated person as defined in §1.954–1(e)(2).
(c) Aircraft or vessel income—(1) In general. The term “income derived from, or in connection with, the use (or hiring or leasing for use) of any aircraft or vessel in foreign commerce” as used in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section means—
Example 1. Foreign corporation C owns a foreign flag vessel which it charters under a long-term charter to foreign corporation D. The vessel is used by D as a tramp which has no fixed or regular schedule. The vessel carries bulk and packaged cargoes, as well as occasional passengers, under charter parties, contracts of affreightment, or other contracts of carriage. The carriage of cargoes and passengers is between a port in the United States and a port in a foreign country or between a port in one foreign country and another port in the same or a different foreign country. The charter hire paid to C by D constitutes income derived from the use of the vessel in foreign commerce, but is not foreign base company income to the extent the charter hire is allocable to income derived from the use of the vessel between ports in the same foreign country in which both C is incorporated and the vessel is registered. The charter hire and freight and passenger revenue (including demurrage and dead freight) derived by D also constitute income derived from the use of the vessel in foreign commerce, but is not foreign base company income to the extent the charter hire and freight and passenger revenue are allocable to the use of the vessel between ports in the same foreign country in which both D is incorporated and the vessel is registered.
Example 2. (a) Foreign corporation E owns a foreign flag tanker which it charters under a long-term bareboat charter to foreign corporation F for use in foreign commerce. F produces oil in a foreign country and ships the oil to other foreign countries and to the United States. The vessel, when not engaged in carrying F's oil, is used to carry bulk cargoes for unrelated persons in foreign commerce as opportunity offers. The charger hire received by E constitutes income derived from the use of the vessel in foreign commerce. The income derived by F from carrying bulk cargoes for unrelated persons also constitutes income derived from the use of the vessel in foreign commerce.
Example 3. (a) A shipment of cheese is loaded into a container owned by controlled foreign corporation S at the consignor's place of business in Hamar, Norway. The cheese is transported to Milan, Italy, by the following routings:
------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                     Revenue     Costs                                           Amount   collected   paid to                                         billed to   by S on   unrelated         Description of charges           customer  behalf of   3d party                                            and         an        and                                         collected  unrelated   absorbed                                            by S      party       by S------------------------------------------------------------------------Ocean freight..........................     $1,420  .........  .........Trucking charge of empty equipment to           50        $50  ......... shipper's facility....................Trucking charges Hamar to Oslo.........         60         60  .........Trucking charges Oslo to Gothenburg....  .........  .........       $315Trucking charges Genoa to Milan........        180        180  .........Brokerage Commission in Europe.........  .........  .........         71                                        --------------------------------    Total..............................      1,710        290        386------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c) Of the $1,710 amount billed to the consignor and collected by S, $290 is collected by S on behalf of unrelated third parties. This $290 amount is not includable in S's gross income, and is therefore not includable in S's foreign base company shipping income. The remaining $1,420 amount (i.e., $1,710−$290) is includable in S's foreign base company shipping income. The $386 amount paid by S to unrelated third parties and absorbed by S is deductible from foreign base company shipping income under §1.954–1(c).
(d) Services directly related—(1) In general. The term “income derived from, or in connection with, the performance of services directly related to the use of an aircraft or vessel in foreign commerce”, as used in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section, means—
(3) Services for passenger, consignor, or consignee. The services described in this subparagraph are services provided by the operator (or person related to the operator) of an aircraft or vessel in foreign commerce for the passenger, consignor, or consignee, such as—
(4) The 70-percent test. At the option of the foreign corporation all the gross income for a taxable year derived by a foreign corporation from any facility used in connection with the performance of services described in one or more of the categories set out in subparagraph (2)(i) through (ix) of this paragraph is foreign base company shipping income if more than 70 percent of such gross income for either—
(5) Rules for applying subparagraph (4). (i) Solely for purposes of applying subparagraphs (4) of this paragraph, foreign base company shipping income and gross income shall be deemed to include an arm's length charge (see paragraph (h)(5) of this section) for services performed by the foreign corporation for itself.
Example. (a) Controlled foreign corporation X uses the calendar year as the taxable year. For 1976, X is divided into two operating divisions, A and B. Division A operates a number of vessels in foreign commerce. Division B operates a terminal facility at which it performs services described in subparagraph (2)(i) of this paragraph for vessels some of which are operated by division A, some of which are operated by persons related to X, and some of which are operated by persons unrelated to X. For 1976, X includes under subparagraph (5) as foreign base company shipping income and gross income, for purposes of subparagraph (4), an arm's length charge for services performed for itself. For 1976, the gross income derived by division B is reconstructed for purposes of subparagraph (4) of this paragraph as follows, based on the facts shown in the following table:
(1) Gross income derived from persons unrelated to X...........      $20(2) Gross income derived from persons related to X.............       10                                                                --------(3) Actual gross income (line (1) plus line (2))...............       30(4) Hypothetical gross income derived from division A                 70 (determined by the application of subdivision (i) of this subparagraph).................................................                                                                --------(5) Total reconstructed gross income (line (3) plus line (4))..      100                                                                ========
(6) Arm's length charge. For purposes of this section, the arm's length charge for services performed by a foreign corporation for itself shall be determined by applying the principles of section 482 and the regulations thereunder as if the party for whom the services are performed and the party by whom the services are performed were not the same person, but were controlled taxpayers within the meaning of §1.482–1(a)(4).
Example 1. Controlled foreign corporation A acts as a managing agent for foreign corporation B, a related person which contracts to construct and charter a foreign flag vessel for use in foreign commerce. As managing agent for B, A performs a broad range of services relating to the use of the vessel, including arranging for, and supervising of, construction and chartering of the vessel, and handling of operating services after construction is completed. The income derived by A from its management and operating services constitutes income derived in connection with the performance of services directly related to the use of the vessel in foreign commerce.
Example 2. Controlled foreign corporation C uses the calendar year as the taxable year. During 1976, C is engaged in the trade or business of acting as a steamship agent solely for unrelated persons. C's activities as steamship agent range from “husbanding” (i.e., arranging for fuel, supplies and port services, and attending to crew and customs matters) to the solicitation and booking of cargo at a number of foreign ports. None of C's other gross income for 1976 is foreign base company shipping income. Under these circumstances, C's gross income derived from its steamship agency does not constitute foreign base company shipping income.
(e) Incidental income—(1) In general. Foreign base company shipping income includes all incidental income derived by a foreign corporation in the course of its active conduct of foreign base company shipping operations.
(2) Examples. Examples of incidental income derived in the course of the active conduct of foreign base company shipping operations include—
(i) Gain from the sale, exchange or other disposition of assets which are related shipping assets within the meaning of §1.955A–2(b),
(ii) Income derived from temporary investments described in §1.955A–2(b)(2)(i) and (iii),
(iii) Interest on accounts receivable and evidences of indebtedness described in §1.955A–2(b)(2)(ii),
(v) Income derived from stock and currency futures described in §1.955A–2(b)(2)(vii) and (viii),
(vii) Interest derived by the seller from a purchase money mortgage loan in respect of the sale of an aircraft or vessel described in §1.955A–2(a)(1)(i).
(f) Certain dividends, interest, and gain—(1) In general. (i) The foreign base company shipping income of a controlled foreign corporation (referred to in subdivision (ii)(A) of this paragraph (f)(1) as “first corporation”) includes—
(ii) The foreign corporations referred to in subdivision (i) of this paragraph (f)(1) are—
(C) Less developed country shipping companies described in §1.955–5(b).
(2) Corporation deemed to pay taxes. (i) For purposes of this paragraph, a controlled foreign corporation would be deemed under section 902(b) to pay taxes in respect of any other foreign corporation if such controlled foreign corporation would be deemed, for purposes of applying section 902(a) to any United States shareholder of such controlled foreign corporation, to pay taxes in respect of dividends which were received from such other foreign corporation (whether or not such other foreign corporation actually pays any taxes or dividends). Solely for purposes of this subdivision, each United States shareholder (within the meaning of section 951(b)) shall be deemed to be a domestic corporation.
Example 1. Domestic corporation M owns 100 percent of the one class of stock of controlled foreign corporation X, which in turn owns 40 percent of the one class of stock of foreign corporation Y. Y is not a controlled foreign corporation. For purposes of subdivision (1) of this subparagraph, X is deemed to pay taxes in respect of Y.
Example 2. The facts are the same as in example 1, except that United States shareholder A, an individual, owns 80 percent of the stock of corporation X, and United States shareholders B and C, parent and child, own the other 20 percent in equal shares. For purposes of applying this paragraph to all three United States shareholders (A, B, and C), X is deemed to pay taxes in respect of Y.
(4) Dividends. (i) For purposes of this paragraph and §1.954–1(b)(2), the portion of a dividend which is attributable to foreign base company shipping income is that amount which bears the same ratio to the total dividend received as the earnings and profits out of which such dividend is paid that are attributable to foreign base company shipping income bears to the total earnings and profits out of which such dividend is paid. For purposes of this subdivision, the source of the earnings and profits out of which a distribution is made shall be determined under section 316(a), except that the source of the earnings and profits out of which a distribution is made by a controlled foreign corporation with respect to stock owned (within the meaning of section 958(a)) by a United States shareholder of such controlled foreign corporation shall be determined under §1.959–3.
Example 1. Domestic corporation M owns 100 percent of the one class of stock of controlled foreign corporation X, which in turn owns 40 percent of the one class of stock of foreign corporation Y. Y, which is not (and has not been) either a controlled foreign corporation or a less developed country shipping company, makes a distribution of $100 to X. Under section 316(a), such distribution is made out of Y's earnings and profits for 1978. Sixty percent of Y's earnings and profits for 1978 are attributable to foreign base company shipping income. As a result, $60 of the $100 distribution constitutes foreign base company shipping income to X under subdivision (i) of this subparagraph.
Example 2. The facts are the same as in example 1, except that under section 316(a) $20 of the $100 dividend is paid out of Y's earnings and profits for 1979, and the other $80 is paid out of Y's earnings and profits for 1978. Thirty percent of Y's earnings and profits for 1979 are attributable to foreign base company shipping income. Since 60 percent of Y's earnings and profits for 1978 are also attributable to foreign base company shipping income, $54, i.e. (.60×$80)+(.30×$20), of the $100 distribution constitutes foreign base company shipping income to X under subdivision (i) of this subparagraph.
Example 3. The facts are the same as in example 1 except that under section 316(a) the $100 dividend is made out of Y's earnings and profits for 1972. Since under paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section foreign base company shipping income does not include amounts earned by a foreign corporation (not a less developed country shipping company) in a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1978, no amount of such $100 distribution constitutes foreign base company shipping income to X under subdivision (i) of this subparagraph.
Example 4. Domestic corporation N owns 100 percent of the one class of stock of controlled foreign corporation S, which in turn owns 100 percent of the one class of stock of controlled foreign corporation T. T makes a distribution of $100 to S, of which $80 is allocable under §1.959–3 to earnings and profits for 1977 which are described in §1.959–3(b)(2), and $20 is allocable to earnings and profits for 1978 which are described in §1.959–3(b)(3). The $80 amount is excluded from S's gross income under section 959(b) and therefore is not included in S's foreign base company shipping income. One hundred percent of T's earnings and profits for 1978 described in §1.959–3(b)(3) were attributable to reinvested foreign base company shipping income. As a result, the entire $20 amount is included in S's foreign base company shipping income under this paragraph. See §1.954–1(b)(2) for the rule that such $20 amount may be excluded from the foreign base company income of S.
(5) Interest and gain. (i) Except as provided in subdivisions (ii) and (iii) of this subparagraph, the portion of any interest paid by a foreign corporation, or gain recognized from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of stock or obligations of a foreign corporation, which is attributable to the foreign base company shipping income of such foreign corporation is that amount which bears the same ratio to such interest or gain as the foreign base company shipping income of such corporation for the period described in subparagraph (6) of this paragraph bears to its gross income for such period.
(ii) Interest which is paid by a controlled foreign corporation is attributable to such corporation's foreign base company shipping income to the same extent that such interest is allocable (under the principles of §1.954–1(c)) to its foreign base company shipping income.
(A) The gross income of the first corporation for any taxable year shall be—
(B) The foreign base company shipping income of the first corporation for any taxable year shall be—
(6) Test period. (i) Except as provided in subdivisions (ii) and (iii) of this subparagraph the period described in this subparagraph with respect to any foreign corporation is the 3-year period ending with the close of such corporation's taxable year preceding the year during which interest was paid or stock or obligations were sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of, or such part of such period as such corporation was in existence.
(iv) For purposes of subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph, the first taxable year of a foreign corporation is the later of—
(g) Income from partnerships, trusts, etc.—(1) In general. The foreign base company shipping income of any foreign corporation includes—
Example 1. Controlled foreign corporations X and Y are equal partners in partnership P. The taxable years end on December 31 for X, June 30 for Y, and March 31 for P. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 1976, P's sole business activity is the use of a vessel in foreign commerce. P derives gross income of $200 from the use of the vessel, and incurs expenses, taxes, and other deductions of $160. Assume X's distributive share of such
Example 2. The facts are the same as in example 1, except that P incurs expenses, taxes, and deductions of $240 in its taxable year ending on March 31, 1976. Accordingly, $25 is includible in X's foreign base company shipping income, and the amount deductible therefrom under this paragraph is $30 (i.e., 1/2 × $240 × 3 months/12 months).
(h) Additional rules—(1) Gross income. For purposes of this section and §1.955A–2, the gross income of a foreign corporation (whether or not a controlled foreign corporation) shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of section 952 and §1.952–2. Thus, for example, section 883 (relating to exclusions from gross income of foreign corporations) is inapplicable under §1.952–2 (a)(1) and (c)(1). In addition, the gross income of a controlled foreign corporation shall be determined, with respect to a United States shareholder of such controlled foreign corporation, by excluding distributions received by such corporation which are excluded from gross income under section 959(b) with respect to such shareholder.
(4) Losses. (i) Generally, if a controlled foreign corporation has losses which are properly allocable to foreign base company shipping income, the extent to which such losses are deductible from such income shall be determined by treating such foreign corporation as a domestic corporation and applying the principles of section 63. See §§1.954–1(c) and 1.952–2(b). Thus for example, losses from sales or exchanges of capital assets are allowable only to the extent of gains from such sales or exchanges.
(iii) In determining the extent to which any loss on the disposition of a qualified investment in foreign base company shipping operations is deductible from foreign base company shipping income, it is immaterial that such loss is taken into account under §1.955A–1(b)(1)(ii) as a reduction in the amount of the decrease in (withdrawal from) qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations.
(5) Hypothetical charges. Under paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this section and §1.955A–2(a)(4)(ii)(A), gross income may be deemed to include hypothetical arm's length charges for services performed by a controlled foreign corporation for itself. Under paragraph (d)(2) of this section, certain of these hypothetical charges may be treated as foreign based company shipping income. Such hypothetical charges are deemed to be income solely for purposes of applying the “extent of use” tests prescribed by paragraph (d)(4) of this section and §1.955A–2(a)(4). Charges for services performed by a controlled foreign corporation for itself shall in no event be included in income for any other purposes.