Source: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2018/0038/latest/whole.html
Timestamp: 2020-08-11 00:31:21
Document Index: 786396798

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 1', 'art 2', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 1', 'art 4', 'arts 1', 'arts 6', 'art 9', 'art 3', 'art 9', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'art 4', 'art 3', 'art 4', 'arts 6', 'art 4', 'art 4']

Maritime Powers Extension Act 2018 No 38, Public Act – New Zealand Legislation
Maritime Powers Extension Act 2018
View whole (81KB)
Print/Download PDF [419KB]
2018 No 38
Main amendments to Customs and Excise Act 2018 and Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
Subpart 1—Amendments to Customs and Excise Act 2018
3 Amendments to Customs and Excise Act 2018
4 New section 267A and cross-heading inserted
Drugs smuggling outside New Zealand, etc
267A Powers for dealing with drugs smuggling outside New Zealand, etc
5 New Schedule 5A inserted
Subpart 2—Amendment to Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
6 Amendment to Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
7 New sections 12D to 12F inserted
12D Drugs smuggling outside New Zealand, etc: application of sections 12E and 12F, supplementary provisions, and definitions
12E Drugs smuggling outside New Zealand, etc: controlled drugs
12F Drugs smuggling outside New Zealand, etc: prohibited equipment or material
8 Amendments to Customs and Excise Act 2018
9 Section 4 amended (Overview of Act)
10 Section 176 amended (Goods forfeited)
11 Section 199 amended (Detention of craft suspected to be involved in offences or smuggling migrants)
Subpart 2—Amendments to Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
12 Amendments to Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
13 Section 28A amended (Consent of Attorney-General required in proceedings under section 12C)
14 Section 29 amended (Mistake as to nature of controlled drug or precursor substance)
15 Section 35A amended (Further provision on crimes to be treated as included in extradition treaties)
16 Section 35C amended (Restrictions on surrender of offenders)
Subpart 3—Amendment to Search and Surveillance Act 2012
17 Amendment to Search and Surveillance Act 2012
18 Schedule amended
New Schedule 5A inserted
This Act is the Maritime Powers Extension Act 2018.
This Act comes into force on 1 October 2018.
Part 1 Main amendments to Customs and Excise Act 2018 and Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
This subpart amends the Customs and Excise Act 2018.
After section 267, insert:
Schedule 5A contains powers for dealing with drugs smuggling outside New Zealand, etc.
The purpose of Schedule 5A is to further New Zealand’s implementation of the following (which relate to the suppression of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances at sea):
article 108 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea:
article 17 of the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.
After Schedule 5, insert the Schedule 5A set out in the Schedule of this Act.
This subpart amends the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975.
After section 12C, insert:
Application of sections 12E and 12F
Sections 12E and 12F apply to any ship that is in any of the following:
New Zealand’s exclusive economic zone:
the high seas:
the exclusive economic zone of another State.
Supplementary provisions relating to offences under sections 12E and 12F
For the purposes of sections 12E(1)﻿(b) and (2)﻿(d) and 12F(1)﻿(b) and (2)﻿(d), in a case where it is another person who intends to import the controlled drugs or prohibited equipment or material into New Zealand, it does not matter if—
the other person is not on a ship to which section 12E or 12F applies:
D does not know the other person’s identity:
D does not know of the other person’s intention to import the controlled drugs or prohibited equipment or material into New Zealand.
For the purposes of sections 12E(2)﻿(a) and 12F(2)﻿(a), it does not matter if D does not know the identity of the other ship.
For the purposes of sections 12E(3)﻿(b) and (4)﻿(a) and 12F(3)﻿(b) and (4)﻿(a), it does not matter if—
D does not know of the exportation of, or of the other person’s intention to export, the controlled drugs or prohibited equipment or material from New Zealand.
For the purposes of sections 12E and 12F, it does not matter if any intended importation or exportation does not actually occur.
Section 28A applies to proceedings for an offence under section 12E or 12F.
Section 29C does not apply to an offence under section 12E or 12F.
In this section and sections 12E and 12F,—
exclusive economic zone, in relation to New Zealand, has the meaning given to that term in section 9 of the Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977
high seas means all parts of the sea not included in—
the internal waters, territorial sea, or exclusive economic zone of New Zealand or another State; or
the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State
prohibited equipment or material means—
a precursor substance; or
any equipment or material, other than a precursor substance, that is capable of being used in, or for, the commission of an offence under section 6(1)﻿(b)
ship has the meaning given to that term in section 5(1) of the Customs and Excise Act 2018.
A person (D) who is on a ship to which this section applies commits an offence if—
there are controlled drugs on the ship and—
the controlled drugs are in D’s possession; or
D is knowingly concerned in the transportation, holding, or handling of the controlled drugs on the ship; and
D or another person intends to import those controlled drugs into New Zealand; and
the importation would (if completed) be an offence under section 6(1)﻿(a).
A person (D) who is on a ship (D’s ship) to which this section applies commits an offence if—
there are controlled drugs on another ship to which this section applies; and
there is an arrangement for moving those controlled drugs onto D’s ship; and
D knowingly—
takes steps to implement, or to facilitate the implementation of, the arrangement; or
makes preparations for the arrival of those controlled drugs onto D’s ship; and
another person exported those controlled drugs from New Zealand; and
the exportation was an offence under section 6(1)﻿(a).
another person intends to export, or has exported, controlled drugs from New Zealand; and
the exportation would (if completed) be, or was, an offence under section 6(1)﻿(a); and
makes preparations for the arrival of those controlled drugs onto D’s ship.
A person who commits an offence under this section is liable on conviction in accordance with section 6(2)﻿(a) to (c).
It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence under subsection (1) or (3) if the person charged (D) proves,—
as the case may be, that—
D was in possession of the controlled drugs solely for the purpose of preventing their use or trafficking:
D was knowingly concerned in the transportation, holding, or handling of the controlled drugs solely for the purpose of preventing their use or trafficking; and
that, as soon as possible after D became aware that the controlled drugs were on the ship,—
D took all reasonable steps to inform the person in charge of the ship that the controlled drugs were on the ship; or
if D was the person in charge of the ship, D took all reasonable steps to inform at least 1 of the following that the controlled drugs were on the ship:
a representative of the company operating the ship (other than a representative who was on the ship):
an appropriate governmental authority at the port that, at the time D became aware that the controlled drugs were on the ship, was the next intended port of arrival for the ship.
there is prohibited equipment or material on the ship and—
the prohibited equipment or material is in D’s possession; or
D is knowingly concerned in the transportation, holding, or handling of the prohibited equipment or material on the ship; and
D or another person intends to import that prohibited equipment or material into New Zealand; and
D or the other person (as the case may be) knows that, if the importation is completed, that prohibited equipment or material will be used in New Zealand to commit an offence under section 6(1)﻿(b).
there is prohibited equipment or material on another ship to which this section applies; and
there is an arrangement for moving that prohibited equipment or material onto D’s ship; and
makes preparations for the arrival of that prohibited equipment or material onto D’s ship; and
another person exported that prohibited equipment or material from New Zealand knowing that it will be used to commit an offence under a provision of the law of the country to which it is being exported that corresponds to an offence under section 6(1)﻿(b).
another person intends to export, or has exported, prohibited equipment or material from New Zealand knowing that it will be used to commit an offence under a provision of the law of the country to which it would be, or is being, exported that corresponds to an offence under section 6(1)﻿(b); and
makes preparations for the arrival of that prohibited equipment or material onto D’s ship.
A person who commits an offence under this section is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7 years.
D was in possession of the prohibited equipment or material solely for the purpose of preventing its use or trafficking:
D was knowingly concerned in the transportation, holding, or handling of the prohibited equipment or material solely for the purpose of preventing its use or trafficking; and
that, as soon as possible after D became aware that the prohibited equipment or material was on the ship,—
D took all reasonable steps to inform the person in charge of the ship that the prohibited equipment or material was on the ship; or
if D was the person in charge of the ship, D took all reasonable steps to inform at least 1 of the following that the prohibited equipment or material was on the ship:
an appropriate governmental authority at the port that, at the time D became aware that the prohibited equipment or material was on the ship, was the next intended port of arrival for the ship.
In section 4(5), after “Part 4” , insert “(including Schedule 5A)” .
After section 176(1)﻿(u), insert:
a ship treated as forfeited under clause 8(3) of Schedule 5A.
Replace section 199(2) and (3) with:
A Customs officer—
may detain the craft at the place where it is:
may also direct—
that the craft proceed to the nearest Customs place or to any other place that the officer considers appropriate; and
that the craft’s detention continue during the craft’s journey to that place, and at that place once the craft arrives there.
A power in subsection (2) is exercisable only if, and for so long as, a Customs officer is satisfied that the exercise of the power is reasonably necessary to carry out an investigation into the commission of the offence concerned.
If a direction is given under subsection (2)﻿(b), a Customs officer may, for the purpose of implementing the direction, do any of the following:
direct any person on the craft to take any specified action:
take charge of the craft:
arrange for the craft to be towed by another craft.
Subsection (4) applies if the person in charge of the craft attempts, or threatens, to cause the craft to depart, without a certificate of clearance, from a place where it is detained under subsection (2).
In the heading to section 28A, after “12C” , insert “, 12E, or 12F” .
In section 28A(1) and (2), after “12C” , insert “, 12E, or 12F” .
In section 29, after “section 12AC” , insert “or section 12E or section 12F” .
In section 35A(1), replace “and 12C” with “12C, 12E, and 12F” .
In section 35C(1), replace “and 12C” with “12C, 12E, and 12F” .
This subpart amends the Search and Surveillance Act 2012.
In the Schedule, after the item relating to section 243 of the Customs and Excise Act 2018, insert:
clause 9(2) to (5) of Schedule 5A Customs officer may exercise search powers in dealing with drugs smuggling outside New Zealand, etc Subparts 1, 2, and 4 to 10 (except that sections 125(4), 131(5)﻿(f), and 133 and subparts 6 and 8 do not apply to forfeited goods)
Schedule New Schedule 5A inserted
Schedule 5A Powers for dealing with drugs smuggling outside New Zealand, etc
s 267A
1 Definitions for schedule
controlled drug has the meaning given to that term in section 2(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
data has the meaning given to that term in section 228(5) of this Act
drugs smuggler means a person who—
has committed, is committing, or is likely to commit a drugs smuggling offence; or
has been, is, or is likely to be otherwise concerned in the commission of a drugs smuggling offence
drugs smuggling evidence means any of the following:
a controlled drug or precursor substance:
any equipment or material that is capable of being used in, or for, the commission of an offence under section 6(1)﻿(b) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975:
anything else that is evidence of 1 or more of the following:
that a drugs smuggling offence has been, is being, or is likely to be committed:
that a ship is involved in drugs smuggling:
that a drugs smuggler is on a ship
drugs smuggling offence means an offence—
under section 6(2) or (2A) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 in relation to a contravention of, or a conspiracy to contravene, section 6(1)﻿(a) of that Act; or
under section 12AB(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975; or
under section 12C of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 in relation to an act or omission that would be an offence—
under section 12E or 12F of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
electronic device has the meaning given to that term in section 228(5) of this Act
flag State, in relation to a foreign ship, means—
the State in which the ship is registered; or
if the ship is unregistered, the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly or whose marks of registry the ship is entitled to display
foreign ship means a ship—
that is not a New Zealand ship; and
is registered in a State other than New Zealand; or
is entitled to fly the flag, or to display the marks of registry, of a State other than New Zealand
New Zealand ship means a ship that—
is registered under the Ship Registration Act 1992; or
is not registered under the Ship Registration Act 1992 but is required or entitled to be registered under that Act
precursor substance has the meaning given to that term in section 2(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
preliminary search has the meaning given to that term in section 210(6) of this Act
relevant matter, in relation to a ship, means a matter relating to 1 or more of the following:
the ship itself (for example, its registration or technical specifications):
past, current, or intended journeys of the ship:
activities that have been, are being, or are intended to be carried out on or from the ship:
goods that have been on, are on, or are intended to be brought onto the ship:
persons who have been on, are on, or are expected to board the ship:
without limiting paragraphs (a) to (e), any matter that is relevant to investigating 1 or more of the following:
whether the ship has been, is, or will be involved in drugs smuggling:
whether drugs smugglers have been, are, or will be on the ship:
whether drugs smuggling evidence has been, is, or will be on the ship
rub-down search has the meaning given to that term in section 3(1) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012
travel document means any document that is—
a New Zealand travel document (as that term is defined in section 2 of the Passports Act 1992); or
a passport (as that term is defined in section 2 of the Passports Act 1992) that has been issued by the Government of a State other than New Zealand; or
a certificate of identity (as that term is defined in section 2 of the Passports Act 1992) that has been issued by the Government of a State other than New Zealand; or
a refugee travel document that has been issued by the Government of a State other than New Zealand.
For the purposes of this schedule, a ship is involved in drugs smuggling if—
a drugs smuggling offence has been, is being, or is likely to be committed on the ship; or
the ship has been, is, or is likely to be otherwise involved in the commission, or in facilitating the commission, of a drugs smuggling offence.
2 Ships to which schedule applies
This schedule applies to any ship that is in any of the following:
3 Application of schedule to foreign ships
In relation to a foreign ship, the powers under this schedule are exercisable—
only if, and to the extent that, the flag State has consented to the exercise of the powers; and
subject to any conditions that the flag State attaches to its consent.
Subclause (1) is subject to subclauses (3) and (4).
Subclause (4) applies if—
a foreign ship is pursued out of New Zealand or the contiguous zone; and
the pursuit is a hot pursuit in accordance with article 111 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Consent is not required under subclause (1) for stopping the ship to end the pursuit or for the exercise of any powers following the end of the pursuit.
4 Schedule does not affect other powers
This schedule does not affect any other powers that are exercisable by any person outside New Zealand under any enactment or otherwise.
5 Investigatory powers
This clause applies in relation to a ship if a Customs officer has reasonable cause to suspect 1 or both of the following:
that the ship is involved in drugs smuggling:
that a person on the ship is a drugs smuggler.
A Customs officer may do any of the following:
stop the ship:
board the ship:
search the ship, or any person on the ship, for drugs smuggling evidence:
question any person on the ship about a relevant matter.
A Customs officer may also do any of the following:
require any person on the ship to produce to a Customs officer, or otherwise to give a Customs officer access to, any document—
that is a travel document relating to the person; or
that relates to a relevant matter and that is in the person’s possession or under the person’s control:
If a document is stored, or is accessible, on or from any electronic device on the ship, the power in subclause (3)﻿(a) includes (without limitation) the power to require the person to operate the device as is reasonably necessary.
If a Customs officer has reasonable cause to suspect that a person has refused or failed to comply with a requirement imposed under subclause (3)﻿(a), a Customs officer may search the ship or the person (or both) for the document.
The powers to search the ship under subclauses (2)﻿(c) and (5) include the power to search data in an electronic device on the ship as follows:
an initial search may be carried out in accordance with the definition of that term in section 228(5) of this Act:
if a Customs officer has (as a result of an initial search under paragraph (a) or otherwise) reasonable cause to believe that drugs smuggling evidence is in the electronic device, a full search may be carried out in accordance with the definition of that term in section 228(5) of this Act (reading the reference in paragraph (f) to evidence of relevant offending as a reference to drugs smuggling evidence):
there is no power under paragraph (a) or (b) to search material (of any kind) that is accessible from the electronic device but is not stored on it:
the powers under paragraphs (a) and (b) may be used for the purpose of determining whether drugs smuggling evidence is in the electronic device.
The powers to search a person under subclauses (2)﻿(c) and (5) are limited to conducting a preliminary search or a rub-down search, unless a Customs officer has (as a result of a preliminary search or a rub-down search of the person or otherwise) reasonable cause to believe that the person has drugs smuggling evidence or the document (as the case may be) on or about their body.
6 Power of arrest
A Customs officer may, without warrant, arrest a person listed in subclause (2) if—
a Customs officer finds drugs smuggling evidence on a ship:
wholly or partly on the basis of that drugs smuggling evidence, a Customs officer has reasonable cause to believe that the person has committed, is committing, or is attempting to commit, or is otherwise concerned in the commission of, a drugs smuggling offence; or
a Customs officer has reasonable cause to believe that drugs smuggling evidence has been on a ship:
wholly or partly on the basis of that belief, a Customs officer has reasonable cause to believe that the person has committed, is committing, or is attempting to commit, or is otherwise concerned in the commission of, a drugs smuggling offence.
The persons are as follows:
a person on the ship:
a person who has left the ship if the arresting officer is freshly pursuing the person.
Section 263(2) and (3) of this Act applies in relation to an arrest under subclause (1).
7 Detention of ship
A power in subclause (2) is exercisable in relation to a ship only if, and for so long as, a Customs officer is satisfied that the exercise of the power is reasonably necessary to enable the other powers in this schedule to be exercised in relation to the ship.
may detain the ship at the place where it is stopped under clause 5(2)﻿(a):
that the ship proceed to the nearest Customs place or to any other place (in New Zealand or elsewhere) that the officer considers appropriate; and
that the ship’s detention continue during the ship’s journey to that place, and at that place once the ship arrives there.
If a direction is given under subclause (2)﻿(b), a Customs officer may, for the purpose of implementing the direction, do any of the following:
direct any person on the ship to take any specified action:
take charge of the ship:
arrange for the ship to be towed by another craft.
8 Forfeiture
A Customs officer may treat as forfeited to the Crown any of the following goods that are seized in the exercise of a search power under this schedule:
any equipment or material that is capable of being used in, or for, the commission of an offence under section 6(1)﻿(b) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975.
If goods are treated as forfeited under subclause (1),—
the goods are forfeited to the Crown; and
subpart 9 of Part 3 of this Act does not apply, despite section 175; and
a Customs officer may dispose of the goods as a Customs officer considers appropriate.
If a ship arrives in New Zealand under a direction given under clause 7(2)﻿(b), a Customs officer may, at any time when the ship is in New Zealand, treat the ship as forfeited to the Crown if 1 or both of the following apply:
a drugs smuggling offence has been, or is being, committed on the ship:
the ship has been, or is, otherwise involved in the commission, or in facilitating the commission, of a drugs smuggling offence.
Subpart 9 of Part 3 of this Act applies if a ship is treated as forfeited under subclause (3).
9 Supplementary provisions
Communication with flag State
If a ship is a foreign ship, a Customs officer must not interfere with any attempt by the person in charge of the ship to communicate with the authorities of the flag State at any time while powers under this schedule are being exercised.
Part 4 of Search and Surveillance Act 2012
Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, except subpart 3, applies in respect of the search powers in clause 5(2)﻿(c) and (5).
If a document that is produced to a Customs officer, or to which a Customs officer is given access, under clause 5(3)﻿(a) is drugs smuggling evidence, Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 applies to the document as if it had been found by the Customs officer during a search for the document to which that Part applied.
Despite subclauses (2) and (3), sections 125(4), 131(5)﻿(f), and 133, and subparts 6 and 8 of Part 4, of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 do not apply to goods treated as forfeited under clause 8 or to any other forfeited goods.
Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, as applied by subclauses (2) and (3), applies subject to clause 5(6) and (7) and subclause (7).
A Customs officer may use reasonable force for the purpose of exercising a power under this schedule.
If the ship is a foreign ship, a Customs officer must not use force that exceeds the minimum degree of force that is necessary in the circumstances.
Introduction (Bill 71–1)
Reported from Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee (Bill 71–2)