Source: http://staging.kirschinstitute.ca/the-notion-of-civilians-in-icl/
Timestamp: 2018-12-16 14:53:04
Document Index: 72852242

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 103', '§ 291', '§ 28', '§ 95', '§ 302', '§ 185', '§ 152']

Most of the jurisprudence in respect of what constitutes a civilian population in crimes against humanity comes from the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY). Originally this concept as it related to members of the armed forces was interpreted broadly by only excluding such personnel if they were actually engaged in combat. However, starting in 2004 the ICTY Appeals Chamber restricted the notion of civilian population by further excluding members of the armed forces who were hors de combat (i.e. not involved in combat) from being treated as part of the civilian population. This jurisprudence has been consistently followed by the ICTY, of which the cases of Blaškić1Judgment, Blaškić (IT-95-14-A), Appeals Chamber, 29 July 2004, §§ 103-116., Martić2Judgment, Martić (IT-95-11-A), Appeals Chamber, 8 October 2008, §§ 291-319. and Mrkšić3Judgment, Mrkšić et al. (IT-95-13/1-A), Appeals Chamber, 5 May 2009, §§ 28-44.[ref/] are the most important, while other ICTY judgments say the same but in fewer words.4Judgment, Kordić and Čerkez (IT-95-14/2-A), Appeals Chamber, 17 December 2004, §§ 95-97; Judgment, Galić ...continue	jQuery("#footnote_plugin_tooltip_9655_3").tooltip({	tip: "#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_9655_3",	tipClass: "footnote_tooltip",	effect: "fade",	fadeOutSpeed: 100,	predelay: ...continue the ECCC5Judgement, Kaing Guek Eav alias Duch (Case File 001/18-07-2007/ECCC/TC), Trial Chamber, 26 July 2010, §§ 302-312; Judgement, Case 002/01 (Case File No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC), Trial Chamber, 7 August 2014, §§ 185-186; Judgment, Case 002/01 (Case File No. 002/19-09-2007-ECCC/SC), Supreme Court ...continue and, more recently, the ICC.6Judgment, Bemba (ICC-01/05-01/08), Trial Chamber, March 21, 2016, § 152. This jurisprudence also makes it clear that armed personnel can be victims of crimes against humanity in an individual capacity but that the proportion of their presence as a group will affect the characterization of whether a mixed group of soldiers and civilians constitutes a victimized civilian population. It has been recognized that as long as the larger group under attack is predominantly civilian, a small number of military personnel will not affect the determination that the larger group is civilian.