Source: https://www.scribd.com/doc/148653700/Partnership-Ateneo-Law-Review
Timestamp: 2017-09-19 22:09:29
Document Index: 606281579

Matched Legal Cases: ['Art. 1767', 'Art. 1767', 'Art. 1768', 'Art. 1769', 'Art. 1770', 'Art. 1771', 'Art. 1772', 'Art. 1773', 'Art. 1774', 'Art. 1775', 'Art. 1776', 'Art. 1777', 'Art. 1778', 'Art. 1767', 'Art. 1784', 'Art. 1771', 'Art. 1409', 'Art. 1772', 'Art. 1775', 'Art. 1768', 'Art.1767', 'Art. 1767', 'Art. 1768', 'Art. 1803', 'Art. 1356', 'Art. 46', 'Art. 1818', 'Art. 1803', 'Art. 1822', 'Art. 109248', 'Art. 5', 'Art. 1811', 'Art. 45', 'Art. 902', 'Art. 1789', 'Art. 1788', 'Art. 1790', 'art 1807', 'art 1831', 'art 1833']

Partnership Ateneo Law Review | General Partnership | Partnership
Partnership Ateneo Law Review
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Description: A contract wherein two or more persons bind themselves to contribute money, property, or industry to a common fund, with the intention of dividing the profits among themselves. Art. 1767. By t...
A contract wherein two or more persons bind themselves to contribute money, property, or industry to a common fund, with the intention of dividing the profits among themselves. Art. 1767. By the contract of partnership two or more persons bind themselves to contribute money, property, or industry to a common fund, with the intention of dividing the profits among themselves. Two or more persons may also form a partnership for the exercise of a profession. (1665a) Art. 1768. The partnership has a judicial personality separate and distinct from that of each of the partners, even in case of failure to comply with the requirements of Article 1772, first paragraph. (n) Art. 1769. In determining whether a partnership exists, these rules shall apply: (1) Except as provided by Article 1825, persons who are not partners as to each other are not partners as to third persons; (2) Co-ownership or co-possession does not of itself establish a partnership, whether such-co-owners or co-possessors do or do not share any profits made by the use of the property; (3) The sharing of gross returns does not of itself establish a partnership, whether or not the persons sharing them have a joint or common right or interest in any property from which the returns are derived; (4) The receipt by a person of a share of the profits of a business is prima facie evidence that he is a partner in the business, but no such inference shall be drawn if such profits were received in payment: (a) As a debt by installments or otherwise; (b) As wages of an employee or rent to a landlord; (c) As an annuity to a widow or representative of a deceased partner; (d) As interest on a loan, though the amount of payment vary with the profits of the business; (e) As the consideration for the sale of a goodwill of a business or other property by installments or otherwise. (n) Art. 1770. A partnership must have a lawful object or purpose, and must be established for the common benefit or interest of the partners. When an unlawful partnership is dissolved by a judicial decree, the profits shall be confiscated in favor of the State, without prejudice to the provisions of the Penal Code governing the confiscation of the instruments and effects of a crime. (1666a) Art. 1771. A partnership may be constituted in any form, except where immovable property or real rights are contributed thereto, in which case a public instrument shall be necessary. (1667a) Art. 1772. Every contract of partnership having a capital of three thousand pesos or more, in money or property, shall appear in a public instrument, which must be recorded in the Office of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Failure to comply with the requirements of the preceding paragraph shall not affect the liability of the partnership and the members thereof to third persons. (n) Art. 1773. A contract of partnership is void, whenever immovable property is contributed thereto, if an inventory of said property is not made, signed by the parties, and attached to the public instrument. (1668a) Art. 1774. Any immovable property or an interest therein may be acquired in the partnership name. Title so acquired can be conveyed only in the partnership name. (n) Art. 1775. Associations and societies, whose articles are kept secret among the members, and wherein any one of the members may contract in his own name with third persons, shall have no juridical personality, and shall be governed by the provisions relating to co-ownership. (1669) Art. 1776. As to its object, a partnership is either universal or particular. As regards the liability of the partners, a partnership may be general or limited. (1671a) Art. 1777. A universal partnership may refer to all the present property or to all the profits. (1672) Art. 1778. A partnership of all present property is that in which the partners contribute all the property which actually belongs to them to a common fund, with the
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS PARTNERSHIP - a contract wherein two or more persons bind themselves to contribute money, property, or industry to a common fund, with the intention of dividing the profits among themselves. (see Art. 1767, CC) CHAPTER 2: OBLIGATIONS OF PARTNERS Art. 1784. A partnership begins from the moment of the execution of the contract, unless it is otherwise stipulated. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where immovable property/real rights are contributed (Art. 1771) a. Public instrument is necessary b. Inventory of the property contributed must be made, signed by the parties and attached to the public instrument otherwise it is VOID 2. When the contract falls under the coverage of the Statute of Frauds (Art. 1409) 3. Where capital is P3,000 or more, in money or property (Art. 1772) a. Public instrument is necessary b. Must be registered with SEC NOTE: • SEC Opinion, 1 June 1960: For purposes of convenience in dealing with government offices and financial institutions, registration of partnership having a capital of less than Php 3,000 is recommended. SEPARATE JURIDICAL PERSONALITY • It is also required that the articles of partnership must NOT be kept SECRET among the members; otherwise, the association shall have no legal personality and shall be governed by the provisions on CO-OWNERSHIP (Art. 1775). "kept secret among the members" = secrecy directed not to third persons but to some of the partners Art. 1768. The partnership has a juridical personality separate and distinct form that of each of the partners, even in case of failure to comply with the requirements of Article 1772, first paragraph.
(General Professional Partnership, Art.1767¶2) Two or more persons may also form a partnership for the exercise of a profession. ELEMENTS OF A PARTNERSHIP: There shall be a partnership whenever: 1. There is a meeting of the minds; 2. To form a common fund; 3. With intention that profits (and losses) will be divided among the contracting parties. ESSENTIAL FEATURES: 1. There must be a VALID CONTRACT. 2. The parties must have LEGAL CAPACITY to enter into the contract. 3. There must be a mutual contribution of money, property, or industry to a COMMON FUND. 4. There must be a LAWFUL OBJECT. 5. The purpose or primary purpose must be to obtain PROFITS and DIVIDE the same among the parties.
CHARACTERISTICS: QuickTime™ and a (Uncompressed) decompressor 1. Essentially TIFF contractual in picture. nature (Art. 1767, are needed to see this 1784) 2. Separate juridical personality (Art. 1768) 3. Delectus personae 4. Mutual Agency (Art. 1803) 5. Personal liability of partners for partnership debts FORM OF PARTNERSHIP CONTRACT GENERAL RULE: No special form is required for the validity of a contract. (Art. 1356)
As a JURIDICAL PERSON, a partnership may: 1. acquire and possess property of all kinds; 2. incur obligations; and 3. bring civil or criminal actions, in conformity with the laws and regulations of their organization. (See Art. 46) PRINCIPLE OF DELECTUS PERSONARUM DELECTUS PERSONAE—The selection or choice of the person. Implications: (Dean Villanueva)
all partners shall be considered agents and whatever any one of them may do alone shall bind the partnership (Art. G. 1819) An admission or representation made by any partner concerning partnership affairs is evidence against the partnership (Art. MEANING of MUTUAL AGENCY (According to Dean Villanueva) In the absence of contractual stipulation. 1826) Partnership creditors are preferred to those of each of the partners as regards the partnership property (Art. the partners hall contribute the amounts necessary to satisfy the partnership liabilities (Art. CA. 1823) UNLIMITED LIABILITY (According to Dean Villanueva) All partners are liable pro rata with all their properties and after partnership assets have been exhausted. The right to choose with whom a person wishes to associate himself is the very foundation and essence of that partnership. All partners are are liable solidarily with the partnership for everything chargeable to the partnership when caused by the wrongful act or omission of any partner acting in the ordinary course of business of the partnership or with authority from the other partners and for partner's act or misapplication of properties (Art.R. No. 1816) Any stipulation against personal liability of partners for partnership debts is void . [7]) • • Ortega v. by mere agreement of the parties Has a juridical personality separate and distinct from that of each partner Realization of profits COOWNERS HIP Created by law CORP Created by law • • • • • • Juridical personal ity None Purpose Duration/ Term of existenc e No limitation Common enjoyment of a thing or right 10 years maximum Has a juridical personality separate and distinct from that of each stockholder Depends on AOI • • • Disposal / Transfer ability of interest Partner may not dispose of his individual interest unless agreed upon by all partners Co-owner may freely do so Power to act with 3rd In absence of stipulation to contrary.) • A newly admitted partner into an existing partnership is liable for all the obligations of the partnership arising before his admission but out of partnership property shares (Art. 1818) Partners can dispose of partnership property even when in partnership name (Art.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 • • The assignment of a partner of his share does not make assignee a partner (Art. for all partnership debts (Art. extendible to not more than 50 years in any one instance Stockholde r has a right to transfer shares without prior consent of other stockholder s Manageme nt is vested with the Page 158 of 297 . 1821) Wrongful act or omission of any partner acting for partnership affairs makes the partnership liable (Art. July 3. 1839[4]. 1817 ) decompressor TIFF (Uncompressed) needed to see this picture. except as QuickTime™ and a among them ( Art. 1803[1]. 1824) PARTNERSHIP DISTINGUISHED FROM COOWNERSHIP AND CORPORATION PARTNERS HIP Creation Created by a contract. 1995 Doctrine of Delectus Personae: The birth and life of a partnership at will is predicated on the mutual desire and consent of the partners. 1820) Notice to any partner of any matter relating to partnership affairs is notice to the partnership (Art. 1822) Partnership bound to make good losses for acts or misapplications of partners (Art. 109248. a Co-owner cannot represent 50 years maximum. 1804 and 1813) The existence of the partnership is closely tied-up to the particular contractual relationship of the partners (see instances of dissolution of the partnership upon change of contractual relationship. 1827) Upon dissolution of the partnership.
to wit: 1) a joint venture (an American concept similar to our joint account) is a sort of informal partnership. however. 1830 [5].R. 180 SCRA 130 (1989) The Supreme Court has. other equitable reasons (Art. partner willfully or persistently commits a breach of partnership agreement. and 2) usually. October 3. but not necessarily QuickTime™ and a a joint venture is TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor limited to a single transaction. 1819) Dissolution of the partnership can come about by the change in the relationship of the partners. 126881. 1831) Effect of death Dissoluti on May be dissolved at any time by the will of any or all of the partners Minimum of 2 persons # of incorporators Commen cement of juridical personal ity Death of co-owner does not necessarily dissolve coownership May be dissolved anytime by the will of any or all of the coowners Minimum of 2 persons Death of stockholder does not dissolve corporation • Can only be dissolved with the consent of the state Minimum of 5 incorporato rs From date of issuance of certificate of incorporati on by the SEC • • • • • • From the moment of execution of contract of partnership None Heirs of Tan Eng Kee v. 28 April 1995: The death of a partner. the partnership business can only be carried at a loss. a partner has been found guilty of such conduct as tends to affect prejudicially the partnership business. G. a joint venture is a FORM of PARTNERSHIP. 1828. and can be individually liable therefore. as a general rule.[7]) Petition by partner will dissolve the partnership when a partner has been declared insane. WEAKNESSES OF A PARTNERSHIP (Dean Villanueva) Partners are co-owners of the partnership properties and enjoy personal possession (Art. although the business are needed to see this picture.. with no firm name and no legal personality. such as when a partner chosses to cease being part of the partnership (Art. 5 August 1997: If the remaining partners of the dissolved partnership intended for all legal intents and purposes. dissolves the partnership by operation of law. In a joint account. Aurbach v. Sanitary Wares. or civil interdiction of a partner dissolves the partnership (Art.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 persons partner may bind partnership (each partner is agent of partnership) Death of partner results in dissolution of partnership the coownership Board of Directors particular partnership which has for its object specific undertaking. to continue the partnership business even after the death of a partner. except if the articles of partnership stipulate for the continuance of the partnership relations upon the death of any of the partners. 1830[1]b) Expulsion of partner dissolves the partnership (Art. 1811) Partners may individually dispose of real property of the partnership even when in partnership name (Art. however. engage in a joint venture with others. 1830[4]) Death. of pursuing to a successful termination may continue for a number of years. there is continuity of personality of the partnership as there exists a "partnership at will. CA. specifically a NOTE: • SEC Opinion.[6]. 1830[1]d) Dissolved by the loss of the thing promised to be contributed to the partnership (Art. recognized a distinction between these two business forms and has held that although a corporation cannot enter into a partnership. 2000 Particular partnership distinguished from joint venture A particular partnership is distinguished from joint venture. No. it may. a partnership generally relates to a continuing business of various transactions of a certain kind. or the partner has become incapable of performing his part of the partnership contract." Page 159 of 297 . insolvency. • SEC Opinion. It would seem that under Philippine law. the participating merchants can transact business under their own name.
an account of that which is legal may be had. Persons who are prohibited from giving each other any donation or advantage cannot enter into a universal partnership. WHEN IMMOVABLES OR REAL RIGHTS CONTRIBUTED Page 160 of 297 . (De Leon. As wages or rent. (Art. As interest on loan. and must be established for the common benefit or interest of the partners. 2. e. EFFECTS OF AN UNLAWFUL PARTNERSHIP: 1. (See Arts. the innocent partners are not precluded as against the guilty partners from recovering their share of the profits. 1769(1)) EXCEPTION: Partnership by Estoppel under Article 1825 OTHER RULES TO DETERMINE WHETHER A PARTNERSHIP EXISTS: (See Art. 45-RPC) 4. Where a part of the business of a partnership is legal and a part illegal. b. c. (Art. EFFECT OF PARTIAL ILLEGALITY: 1. (Art. 902) citing various SEC Opinions: • Corporations may enter into partnership agreements on the following conditions: 1. 3. As consideration for sale of goodwill of business/other property by installments Art. If it is a foreign corporation. the firm's profits in a lawful business have been increased by wrongful acts. in favor of the government. The instrumentsQuickTime™ or tools and proceeds of the and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor crime shall also be forfeited are needed to see this picture. A partnership must have a lawful object or purpose. Co-ownership or co-possession does not of itself establish a partnership 2. 65) WHO MAY BE PARTNERS GENERAL RULE: Any person capacitated to contract may enter into a contract of partnership. When an unlawful partnership is dissolved by a judicial decree. 3. Art. UNLESS such were received in payment: a. Persons who cannot give consent to a contract: a. 3. 1770. 1411 and 1412) NOTE: Judicial decree is not necessary to dissolve an unlawful partnership. As debt by installments or otherwise. 1782) 2. without the knowledge or participation of the partners. 2. deaf-mutes who do not know how to write MAY CORPORATIONS ENTER INTO PARTNERSHIP? Philippine Corporate Law (2001) by Dean Villanueva (p. without prejudice to the provisions of the Penal Code governing the confiscation of the instruments and effects of a crime. EXCEPTIONS: 1. 1769) 1. CANNOT be partners as to third persons. insane persons c. Authority to enter into a partnership relation is expressly conferred by the charter or the articles of incorporation (AoI). 1409[1]) 2. Minors b. As annuity. The sharing of gross returns does not of itself establish a partnership. it must obtain a license to transact business in the country in accordance with the Corporation Code of the Philippines. Where. (Art. The receipt by a person of a share of the profits of a business is prima facie evidence that he is a partner in the business. Persons suffering from civil interdiction. The contract is void ab initio and the partnership never existed in the eyes of the law. and the nature of the business venture to be undertaken by the partnership is in line with the business authorized by the charter or AoI. (Art.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 RULES TO DETERMINE EXISTENCE OF PARTNERSHIP GENERAL RULE: Persons who are NOT partners as between themselves. 1770) 3. p. 1770. The contributions of the partners shall not be confiscated unless they fall under no. The profits shall be confiscated in favor of the government. whether or not the persons sharing them have a joint or common right or interest in any property from which the returns are derived. d. the profits shall be confiscated in favor of the State.
GENERAL RULE: Failure to comply with the requirement of appearance in public instrument and SEC Registration will not affect the liability of the partnership and the members thereof to third persons. Their use or fruits c. 1771 may still be considered either de facto or estoppel partnerships visà-vis third persons. UNIVERSAL PARTNERSHIP OF PROFITS . (Art. PARTICULAR PARTNERSHIP—has for its objects: a. 1773. 1771 and 1773) is required for the benefit of third persons. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP—consists of general partners who are liable pro rata and subsidiarily and sometimes solidarily with their separate property for partnership debts. No Inventory With Public Instrument. Property which belonged to each of the partners at the time of the constitution of the partnership ii. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PARTNERSHIP AS TO EXTENT OF ITS SUBJECT MATTER BAUTISTA. DE LEON VOID VOID VOID VALID VOID but either party may compel execution of public instrument so it may be No Public registered in the Instrument. No Inventory Î Partnerships void under Art. A contract of partnership is void. signed by the parties. in spite of article 1773 declaring the partnership void would not render the partnership void when: a. NO THIRD PARTY INVOLVED (since Art. Arts. Page 161 of 297 (Source: Bar Review Notes for Partnership Law by Atty. With registry of Inventory property. UNIVERSAL PARTNERSHIP a. 320 SCRA 428 (1999) . EFFECT OF ABSENCE OF REQUIREMENTS UNDER ARTICLES 1771 AND 1773 CONDITION OF PARTNERSHIP WHERE REAL PROPERTY IS CONTRIBUTED No public Instrument. whenever immovable property is contributed thereto. if an inventory of said property is not made. nonetheless. 1773 was intended for the protection of 3rd parties. although not exactly a partnership under the Civil Code.1773. E. *public instrument + inventory* made and signed by the parties and attached to the public instrument (Arts. Specific undertaking d. 1782) 2. VOID 1.comprises all that the partners may acquire by their industry or work during the existence of the partnership NOTE: Persons who are prohibited from giving donations or advantage to each other cannot enter into a universal partnership. 1356 to QuickTime™ 1358) and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor With Public Instrument. in relation Art. (Art. Villareal) NOTE: • Torres v. With Inventory are needed to see this picture. CA. ÎFailure to prepare an inventory of the immovable property contributed. and attached to the public instrument. Determinate things b. b. may even be treated as an ordinary contract from which rights and obligations may validly arise. Profits which they may acquire from all property contributed b. Partners have MADE A CLAIM ON THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT. 1772 ¶ 2) EXCEPTION: When IMMOVABLE PROPERTY/ REAL RIGHTS are contributed.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 Art. partnership agreement may be enforced (cf. UNIVERSAL PARTNERSHIP OF ALL PRESENT PROPERTY comprises the following: i. Exercise of profession or vocation VALID VALID AS TO LIABILITY OF PARTNERS 1.
1786) c. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP—one formed by 2 or more persons having as members one or more general partners and one or more limited partners. PARTNERS BY ESTOPPEL—one who is not really a partner but is liable as a partner for the protection of innocent 3rd persons . GENERAL—one whose liability to 3rd persons extends to his separate property 4. To answer for eviction in case the partnership is deprived of the determinate property contributed (Art. To answer to the partnership for the fruits of the property the contribution of which he delayed. OSTENSIBLE—one who takes active part and known to the public as partner in the business 12. CONTINUING PARTNER—one who continues the business of a partnership after it has been dissolved by reason of the admission of a new partner. from the date they should have been contributed up to the time of actual delivery (Art. MANAGING—one who manages the affairs QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) or business of thedecompressor partnership are needed to see this picture. retirement. DORMANT—one who does not take active part in the business and is not known or held out as a partner OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTNERS TO ONE ANOTHER A) OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTNERS AMONG THEMSELVES 1. DE FACTO—one which has failed to comply with all the legal requirements for its establishment AS TO PURPOSE 1. SURVIVING PARTNER—one who remains after a partnership has been dissolved by death of any partner 10. SECRET—one who takes active part in the business but is not known to be a partner by outside parties 13. COMMERCIAL OR TRADING PARTNERSHIP—one formed for the transaction of business 2. CAPITALIST—one who contributes money or property to the common fund 2. 1786) d. to contribute at the beginning of the partnership or at the stipulated time the money. INDUSTRIAL—one who contributes only his industry or personal service 3. To preserve said property with the diligence of a good father of a family pending delivery to partnership (Art. PROMISED CONTRIBUTION Obligations with respect to contribution of property: a. 1163) e. property or industry which he may have promised to contribute (Art.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 2. DE JURE PARTNERSHIP—one which has complied with all the legal requirements for its establishment 2. SUBPARTNER—one who is not a member of the partnership who contracts with a partner with reference to the latter's share in the partnership 11. PARTNERSHIP WITH A FIXED TERM—the term for which the partnership is to exist is fixed or agreed upon or one formed for a particular undertaking AS TO LEGALITY OF EXISTENCE 1. LIMITED—one whose liability to 3rd persons is limited to his capital contribution 5. the latter not being personally liable for the obligations of the partnership 8. 1786) b. LIQUIDATING—one who takes charge of the winding up of partnership affairs upon dissolution 7. PARTNERSHIP AT WILL—one in which no time is specified and is not formed for a particular undertaking or venture which may be terminated anytime by mutual agreement 2. 6. To indemnify partnership for any damage caused to it by the retention Page 162 of 297 AS TO DURATION 1. PROFESSIONAL OR NON TRADING PARTNERSHIP—one formed for the exercise of a profession KINDS OF PARTNERS: 1. SILENT—one who does not take any active part in the business although he may be known to be a partner 14. death or expulsion of one of the partners 9.
Partners becomes ipso jure a debtor of the partnership even in the absence of any demand (See Art. To reimburse any amount he may have taken from the partnership coffers and converted to his own use c. he cannot avail himself of knowledge or information which may be properly regarded as the property of the partnership. d. Partners must contribute equal shares to the capital of the partnership unless there is stipulation to contrary (Art. 1789) 1. fairness. refusal to do so shall create an obligation on his part to sell his interest to the other partners (Art. c. To indemnify the partnership for the damages caused to it by delay in the contribution or conversion of any sum for his personal benefits (See Art. FIDUCIARY DUTY A partnership is a fiduciary relation—one entered into and to be maintained on the basis of trust and confidence. 1808) CONSEQUENCES IF AN INDUSTRIAL PARTNER ENGAGES IN ANY BUSINESS: (Art. 1788) 2. 1808) 2. or 3. To contribute on the date fixed the amount he has undertaken to contribute to the partnership b. The majority of the capitalist partners are of the opinion that an additional contribution to the common fund would save the business Page 163 of 297 . if he fails to pay his contribution on time or in case he takes any amount from the common fund and converts it to his own use d. PROHIBITION AGAINST COMPETITIVE BUSINESS INDUSTRIAL PARTNER --cannot engage in business (w/n same line of business with the partnership) unless partnership expressly permits him to do so. the capitalist partners can avail of the benefit he obtained from the business. b. he may be ousted form the partnership. (Art. he cannot carry on another business in competition with the partnership. a partner must observe the utmost good faith. the capitalist partners have the right to file an action for damages against the industrial partner. There is an imminent loss of the business of the partnership b. especially if there was a warning. he can be excluded from the partnership. he cannot carry on a business of the partnership for his private advantage. 1788) Obligations with respect to contribution of money and money converted to personal use: a. f. 1169[1]) 2. ( Art. 1790) Requisites: a. partnership (e.g. 1808) 3. Partners (capitalist) must contribute additional capital In case of imminent loss to the business of the partnership and there is no stipulation otherwise. 1788. 1170) EFFECT OF FAILURE TO CONTRIBUTE PROPERTY PROMISED: 1. business opportunity) e. he shall personally bear the losses. 1790) b. he cannot obtain QuickTime™ and afor himself that he TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor should obtained for the are needed have to see this picture. take any profit clandestinely. or 2. (Art. he cannot. With that. 1789) ENGAGING IN CAPITALIST PARTNER --cannot engage in business (with same kind of business with the partnership) for his own account.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 of the same or by the delay in its contribution (Arts. in conducting the business of the partnership. unless there is a stipulation to the contrary. Obligations with respect to contribution to partnership capital: a. in either case. To pay for the agreed or legal interest. he cannot directly or indirectly use partnership assets for his own benefit. Remedy of the other partner is not rescission but specific performance with damages from defaulting partner (Art. CONSEQUENCES IF THE CAPITALIST PARTNER ENGAGES IN A BUSINESS (which competes with the business of the partnership): 1. (Art. he may be required to bring to the common fund the profits he derived from the other business. and integrity in his dealings with the others: a.
1797) With agreement Without agreement PROFITS According to agreement 1. If he received it for the account of partnership. NOTE: Stipulation exempting a partner from losses should be allowed. Purely industrial partner not liable for losses Art. as far as THIRD PERSONS are concerned. 124-125. Share of capitalist partner is in proportion to his capital contribution 2. Of course. 1793) Requisites: a. Both debts are demandable c. Obliged to bring to the partnership capital what he has received even though he may have given receipt for his share only (Art. The partner who collects is authorized to manage and actually manages the partnership Obligation of partner who receives share of partnership credit a. The other partners have not collected their shares c. his share of the partnership credit b. (De Leon. Share of industrial partner is not fixed . If sharing of profits is stipulated apply to sharing of losses 2. there is no sound reason why a person cannot also agree to bear all the losses. where the partnership is the creditor b. There is no agreement to the contrary Obligation of managing partners who collects debt from person who also owed the partnership (Art. partnership Things contributed to be sold Risk is borne by partnership Things brought and appraised in Risk is borne by the inventory partnership Specific and determinate things Risk is borne by which are not fungible where only partner the use is contributed c. the whole sum shall be applied to partnership credit Requisites: a. citing Espiritu and Sibal) RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS WITH RESPECT TO MANAGEMENT Partner is appointed manager in the articles of partnership Power of managing partner is irrevocable without just/lawful cause. There exists at least 2 debts. If a person can make a gift to another. If no profit sharing stipulated losses shall be borne according to capital contribution 3.as may be just and equitable under the circumstances LOSSES According to agreement 1. A stipulation which excludes one or more partners from any share in the profits and losses is void. 1792) a. one where the collecting partner is creditor and the other. 1799. 1795) Specific and determinate things Risk is borne by which are not fungible where only partner the use is contributed Specific and determinate things Risk is borne by the ownership of which is partnership transferred to the partnership QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor Fungible things (consumable) Risk is borne by are needed to see this picture. The partnership debtor has become insolvent BEARING THE RISK OF LOSS OF THINGS CONTRIBUTED (Art.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 The capitalist partner refuses deliberately to contribute (not due to financial inability) d. Revocable only when in bad faith Power is revocable any time for any cause Vote of partners representing controlling interest necessary to revoke power Partner is appointed manager after constitution of Page 164 of 297 . RULES FOR DISTRIBUTION OF PROFITS AND LOSSES (See Art. any such stipulation may be properly declared void. pp. Apply sum collected to 2 credits in proportion to their amounts b. A partner has received in whole or in part.
Admission or representation made by any partner concerning partnership affairs within scope of his authority is evidence against the partnership 4. after all partnership assets have been exhausted: a. decision of majority shall prevail. the terms of any b. Subsidiary 3. All partners shall be liable for contractual obligations of the partnership with their property. In case of tie. Pro rata b. If right exists under agreement c. 1810) NATURE OF PARTNER'S RIGHT IN SPECIFIC PARTNERSHIP PROPERTY—a partner has an equal right to possession which is not assignable and such right is limited to the share of what remains after partnership debts have been paid NATURE OF PARTNER'S RIGHT IN THE PARTNERSHIP—a share in the profits and surplus C) OBLIGATION OF PARTNERS WITH REGARD TO THIRD PERSONS 1. His interest in the partnership 3. Liability of incoming partner is limited to: Page 165 of 297 Stipulated that none of the managing partners shall act w/o the consent of others Concurrence of all necessary for the validity of acts Manner of management not agreed upon 1. Knowledge. Duty to account to the partnership as fiduciary B) PROPERTY RIGHTS OF A PARTNER 1. acquired while a partner b. decision of partners owning controlling interest shall prevail Absence or disability of any one cannot be alleged unless there is imminent danger of grave or irreparable injury to partnership If refusal of partner is manifestly prejudicial to interest of partnership. Unanimous consent required for alteration of immovable property Other rights and obligations of partners: 1. Partners and the partnership are solidary liable to 3rd persons for the partner's tort or breach of trust 6. court's intervention may be sought deceased partner or of any partner under legal disability 5. Duty to render on demand true and full information affecting partnership to any partner or legal representative of any .Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 partnership 2 or more persons entrusted with management of partnership without specification of duties/stipulation that each shall not act w/o the other's consent Each may execute all acts of administration In case of opposition. Right to inspect and copy partnership books at any reasonable hour 3. His rights in specific partnership property 2. As provided by art 1807 d. Knowledge of the partner acting in the particular matter then present to his mind c. Knowledge of any other partner who reasonably could and should have communicated it to the acting partner 5. All partners are agents of the partnership 2. Every partnership shall operate under a firm name. except in case of fraud: a. of partner acting in the particular matter. If he is wrongfully excluded from partnership business or possession QuickTime™ andhis a of its property by copartners TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Notice to partner of any matter relating to partnership affairs operates as notice to partnership. Persons who include their names in the partnership name even if they are not members shall be liable as a partner 2. Whenever other circumstances render it just and reasonable 4. Right to associate another person with him in his share without consent of other partners (subpartnership) 2. Right to a formal account as to partnership affairs (even during existence of partnership): a. His right to participate in the management (Art.
he does any of the ff. Indirectly represents himself by consenting to another representing him as a partner in an existing partnership or in a non existing partnership Page 166 of 297 . Conveyance in partner's name Title in name of 1/ more partners. or 2.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 a. Creditors of partnership preferred in partnership property & may attach partner's share in partnership assets 8. Conveyance in name of all partners Conveyance pass title will PARTNER BY ESTOPPEL—by words or conduct. or 2. Act w/c is not apparently for the carrying of business in the usual way 2. His share in the partnership property for existing obligations b. Every partner is an agent of the partnership EFFECTS OF CONVEYANCE OF REAL PROPERTY BELONGING TO PARTNERSHIP Title in partnership name. unless: 1. Assign partnership property in trust for creditors 4. 9. Buyer had knowledge of lack of authority Conveyance does not pass title but only equitable interest. Renounce claim of partnership Acts in contravention of a Partnership not liable restriction on authority to 3rd persons having actual or presumptive knowledge of the restrictions Every partner is an agent and may execute acts with binding effect even if he has no authority Except: when 3rd person has knowledge of lack of authority Does not bind partnership unless authorized by other partners Title in partnership name. Conveyance executed in partnership name if in name of partners Title in name of all partners. Dispose of good-will of business 5. Submit partnership claim or liability to QuickTime™ and a arbitration TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.: 1. Conveyance in partnership name Conveyance passes title but partnership can recover if: 1. His separate property for subsequent obligations 7. Acts of strict dominion or ownership: 3. Directly represents himself to anyone as a partner in an existing partnership or in a nonexisting partnership 2. Conveyance was not in the usual way of business. Buyer had knowledge of lack of authority Conveyance passes title but partnership can recover if: 1. Buyer had knowledge of lack of authority Conveyance will only pass equitable interest POWER OF PARTNER PARTNERSHIP Acts for carrying on in the usual way the business of the partnership AS AGENT OF 1. Do an act w/c would make it impossible to carry on ordinary business of partnership 6. Conveyance was not in the usual way of business. Conveyance in name if partner/partners in whose name title stands Title in name of 1/more/all partners or 3rd person in trust for partnership. Confess a judgement 7. Conveyance was not in the usual way of business. or 2. Enter into compromise concerning a partnership claim or liability 8.
Get whatever assignor-partner would have obtained 2. by the express will of any partner at any time 3. By termination of the definite term/ particular undertaking specified in the agreement b. To answer for obligations partner may have contracted in good faith in the interest of the partnership business 3. who must act in good faith. Ask for annulment of contract of assignment if he was induced to join through any of the vices of consent 4. Death of any partner 6. partnership is not terminated but continues until the winding up of partnership affairs is completed WINDING UP—process of settling the business or partnership affairs after dissolution TERMINATION—that point when all partnership affairs are completely wound up and finally settled. It signifies the end of the partnership life. By the bona fide expulsion of any partner from the business in accordance with power conferred by the agreement 2. Plaintiff relied on such representation 3. either before or after the termination of any specified term or particular undertaking d. By the express will of any partner. Not all partners of existing partnership consents to representation No existing partnership & not all represented consented. made in good faith 2. Avail usual remedies in case of fraud in the management 3. Demand an accounting (only in case of dissolution) QuickTime™ and a D) RESPONSIBILITY OF PARTNERSHIP TO PARTNERS 1. Loss of specific thing promised by partner before its delivery 5. To refund the amounts disbursed by partner in behalf of the partnership + corresponding interest from the time the expenses are made (loans and advances made by a partner to the partnership aside from capital contribution) TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Decree of court under art 1831 2. To answer for risks in consequence of its management CHAPTER 3: DISSOLUTION AND WINDING UP Person who represented himself & all those who made representation liable pro-rata/jointly Person who represented himself liable & those who made/consented to representation separately liable ASSIGNMENT OF INTEREST IN PARTNERSHIP Assignment is subject to three (3) conditions: 1. for fair consideration 3. when no definite term or particular undertaking is specified c. By the express will of all the partners who have not assigned their interest/ charged them for their separate debts. CAUSES OF DISSOLUTION: 1. Insolvency of a partner/partnership 7. Civil interdiction of any partner 8. Without violation of the agreement between the partners a.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 ELEMENTS TO ESTABLISH LIABILITY AS A PARTNER ON GROUND OF ESTOPPEL: 1. where the circumstances do not permit a dissolution under any other provision of this article. In contravention of the agreement between the partners. Defendant represented himself as partner/represented by others as such and not denied/refuted by defendant 2. By any event which makes it unlawful for business to be carried on/for the members to carry it on for the partnership 4. after a fair and complete disclosure of all important information as to its value RIGHTS OF AN ASSIGNEE: 1. None of partners in existing partnership consented Partnership is liable DISSOLUTION—change in the relation of the partners caused by any partner ceasing to be associated in the carrying on of the business. Page 167 of 297 . Statement of defendant not refuted LIABILITIES IN ESTOPPEL All partners consented to representation No existing partnership & all those represented consented.
Had no knowledge/notice of dissolution. Had no knowledge/notice of dissolution/fact of dissolution not advertised in a newspaper of general circulation in the place where partnership is regularly carried on EFFECTS OF DISSOLUTION A. or (b) Situation 2 i. Had known partnership prior to dissolution iii.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 GROUNDS FOR DISSOLUTION BY DECREE OF COURT (Art. concur: i. Had extended credit to partnership prior to dissolution & ii. cases: (1) Transactions in connection to winding up partnership Page 168 of 297 . AUTHORITY OF PARTNERSHIP PARTNER TO BIND GENERAL RULE: Authority of partners to bind partnership is terminated Exception: 1. or (b) Situation 2 i. Complete transactions not finished QUALIFICATIONS: 1. Partner cannot bind the partnership anymore after dissolution: (1) Where dissolution is due to unlawfulness to carry on with business (except: winding up of partnership affairs) (2) Where partner has become insolvent (3) Where partner unauthorized to wind up partnership affairs. except by transaction with one who: (a) Situation 1 i. 1834)— a. With respect to partners— a. when the other party/obligee: (a) Situation 1 i. partners are liable as if partnership not dissolved. With respect to persons not partners (Art. If cause is ACT of partner. Did not extend credit to partnership prior to dissolution ii. Authority of partners to bind partnership by new contract is immediately terminated when dissolution is not due to ACT. Had extended credit to partnership prior to dissolution & ii. Had no knowledge/notice of dissolution/fact of dissolution not advertised in a newspaper of general circulation in the place where partnership is regularly carried on b. Partner guilty of conduct prejudicial to business of partnership 4. If cause is DEATH or INSOLVENCY. ii. Willful or persistent breach of partnership agreement or conduct which makes it reasonably impracticable to carry on partnership with him 5. Wind up partnership affairs 2. 1831) 1. Business can only be carried on at a loss 6. Partner continues to bind partnership even after dissolution in ff. Other circumstances which render dissolution equitable Upon application by purchaser of partner's interest: • After termination of specified term/particular undertaking • Anytime if partnership at will when interest was assigned/charging order issued affairs/completing transactions unfinished (2) Transactions which would bind partnership if not dissolved. acting partner must have knowledge of QuickTime™ and a such dissolution TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. when the ff. b. Had known partnership prior to dissolution iii. Incapacity of partner to perform his part of the partnership contract 3. Did not extend credit to partnership ii. DEATH or INSOLVENCY (ADI) of a partner (art 1833). Had no knowledge/notice of dissolution. If due to ADI. acting partner must have knowledge/ notice 2. Partner declared insane in any judicial proceeding or shown to be of unsound mind 2.
Right to subrogation in place of creditors after payment of partnership liabilities 3. In absence of agreement. at his option PERSONS AUTHORIZED TO WIND UP 1. If business not continued by others apply partnership property to discharge liabilities of partnership & receive in cash his share of surplus less damages caused by his wrongful dissolution b. Indemnity for damages caused by partner guilty of wrongful dissolution d. Rights if retiring/estate of deceased partner: a. One or more general partners contribute to the capital and share in the profits but do not participate in the management of the business and are not personally liable for partnership obligations beyond their capital contributions 4. Apply surplus. Formed by compliance with statutory requirements 2. Contributions of the partners ORDER OF APPLICATION OF ASSETS: 1. Partners as investors—share of profits if any D. Partnership debts are paid out of common fund and the individual properties of general partners Page 169 of 297 . DISCHARGE OF LIABILITY Dissolution does not discharge existing liability of partner. Apply partnership property to discharge liabilities of partnership b. Partnership property (including goodwill) 2. WHEN BUSINESS OF DISSOLVED PARTNERSHIP IS CONTINUED: 1. If business continued by others have the value of his interest at time of dissolution ascertained and paid in cash/secured by bond & be released from all existing/future partnership liabilities RIGHTS OF INJURED PARTNER WHERE PARTNERSHIP CONTRACT IS RESCINDED ON GROUND OF FRAUD/MISREPRESENTATION BY 1 PARTY: QuickTime™ and a (Uncompressed) decompressor of 1. Right of indemnification by guilty partner against all partnership debts & liabilities C. SETTLEMENT OF ACCOUNTS BETWEEN PARTNERS ASSETS OF THE PARTNERSHIP: 1. Partners as creditors 3. if any to pay in cash the net amount owed to partners RIGHTS OF PARTNER WHERE DISSOLUTION IN CONTRAVENTION OF AGREEMENT: 1. Apply surplus. Continue business in same name during agreed term e. Apply partnership property to discharge liabilities of partnership 2. if any to pay in cash the net amount owed to partners c. Posses partnership property if business is continued 2. One or more general partners control the business 3. Partners designated by the agreement 2. Partner who did not cause dissolution wrongfully: a. property after satisfying partnership liabilities 2. except by agreement between: • Partner and himself • person/partnership continuing the business • partnership creditors RIGHTS OF PARTNER WHERE DISSOLUTION NOT IN CONTRAVENTION OF AGREEMENT: 1. Partnership creditors 2. Legal representative of last surviving partner CHAPTER 4: LIMITED PARTNERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS: 1. Partners as investors—return of capital contribution 4. Creditors have an equitable lien on the consideration paid to the retiring /deceased partner by the purchaser when retiring/deceased partner sold his interest w/o final settlement with creditors 3. Creditors of old partnership are also creditors of the new partnership which continues the business of the old one w/o liquidation of the partnership affairs 2. To receive as ordinary creditor the value of his share in the dissolved partnership with interest or profits attributable to use of his right. May ask for the return of their capital contributions under conditions prescribed by law 5. all partners who have not wrongfully dissolved the partnership 3. Right to TIFF lien on surplus partnership are needed to see this picture. Partner who wrongly caused dissolution: a.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 B. To have the value of his interest ascertained as of the date of dissolution b.
insanity. Right of remaining gen partners (if given) or continue business in case REQUISITES FOR RETURN OF CONTRIBUTION OF LIMITED PARTNER: 1. Right to ask for dissolution and winding up by decree of court 6. Term for partnership is to exist f. SharingQuickTime™ and of a profits/other TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor compensation are needed to see this picture. insanity of gen partner dissolves partnership AND of death.unless authorized in certificate 7. insanity or insolvency of gen partner unless authorized in certificate SPECIFIC RIGHTS OF LIMITED PARTNERS: 1." b. Time agreed upon to return contribution of limited partner i. Do any act which would make it impossible to carry on the ordinary business of the partnership 3. Possess partnership property/assign rights in specific partnership property other than for partnership purposes 5. Right of limited partner (if given) to demand/receive property/cash in return for contribution 2. Confess judgment against partnership 4. Certificate of articles of the limited partnership must state the ff. Right to have on demand true and full info of all things affecting partnership 4. Additional contributions h. insolvency. civil interdiction.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENERAL LIMITED PARTNER/PARTNERSHIP GENERAL Personally liable for partnership obligations When manner of mgt. Right to receive share of profits/other compensation by way of income 7. Location of principal place of business d. of the business Contribute cash. Right to inspect/copy books at reasonable hour 3. Name/place of residence of members e. property or industry Proper party to proceedings by/against partnership Interest not assignable w/o consent of other partners Name may appear in firm name Prohibition against engaging in business Retirement. matters: a. at least sufficient to cover them 2. rights transferred to legal representative REQUIREMENTS FOR FORMATION OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP: 1. Continue business with partnership property on death. death. Amount of cash/value of property contributed g. not industry Not proper party to proceedings by/against partnership Interest is freely assignable Name must appear in firm name No prohibition against engaging in business Does not have same effect. Certificate must be filed with the SEC WHEN GENERAL PARTNER NEEDS CONSENT/RATIFICATION OF ALL LIMITED PARTNERS: 1. Right to have partnership books kept at principal place of business 2. Name of partnership + word "ltd. Do any act in contravention of the certificate 2. retirement. retirement. insolvency n. Admit person as limited partner . Admit person as general partner 6. Right to receive return of contributions provided the partnership assets are in excess of all its liabilities LIMITED Liability extends only to his capital contributions No participation in management Contribute cash or property only. not agreed upon. Consent of all members has been obtained 3. civil interdiction. All liabilities of partnership have been paid/if not yet paid. Character of business c. Right to admit additional partners l. Right to have formal account of partnership affairs whenever circumstances render it just and reasonable 5. Certificate is cancelled/amended as to set forth withdrawal /reduction of contribution LIABILITIES OF A LIMITED PARTNER To the partnership Page 170 of 297 . j. Right of limited partner (if given) to substitute an assignee k. Right of limited partners (if given) to priority for contributions m. all gen partners have an equal right in the mgt.
Those due to general partner in respect to profits 6. Money or other property wrongfully paid or conveyed to him on account of his contribution. 2. for the specific property stated in the certificate as contributed by him but which he had not contributed. including limited partners 2. Those due to limited partners of return of capital contributed 4. and 2. DISSOLUTION OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (Priority in Distribution of Assets): 1. Page 171 of 297 . for any unpaid contribution which he agreed in the certificate to make in the future time As a trustee for the partnership 1. for the specific property of the partnership which had been wrongfully returned to him. and 3. Those due to creditors.Civil Law Summer Reviewer ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 1. Those due to limited partners in respect of their share in profits/compensation 3. Those due to general partner for return of capital contributed QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. for the difference between his contribution as actually made and that stated in the certificate as having been made. Those due to general partner other than capital & profits 5.