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IS1734 Parts 1 to 20 | Plywood | Yield (Engineering)
Description: IS 1734 standard test methods
IS 1734 standard test methods
IS 1734-1 to 20 (1983): Methods of test for plywood [CED 20: Wood and other Lignocellulosic products]
1983 (Reaffirmed 2003) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD ( Second Revision ) UDC 674-419. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF INDIAN STANDARDS Price Group 13 .IS : 1734 (Parts 1 to 20) .32 © BIS 2005 BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN .
K. Roorkee DR ARJUN DAS SHRI L. DOKANIA New Delhi SHRI M. BDC 20 Chairman SHRI A. B. New Delhi ) DR A. S. SHRI L. New Delhi SHRI P. Subramanya Nagar. B. S. DUTTA ( Alternate ) In personal capacity ( C-59 Inderpuri. LUCKNOW ( Alternate ) The Western India Plywood Ltd. KANCHAN SHRI B. K.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD ( Second Revision ) Wood Products Sectional Committee. N. K. DIRECTOR Bangalore SHRI V. SHRI J.IS : 1734 (Parts 1 to 20) . R. SINGH ( Alternate ) Directorate General of Technical Development. B. MEHTA ( Alternate ) Indian Plywood Manufacturing Co Ltd. R. Dispur Indian Plywood Industries Research Institute. Baliapatam SHRI A. MOYAYED Calcutta SHRI S. AGARWAL ( Alternate ) Directorate General of Civil Aviation. R. K. GHOSH SHRI J. MOYAYED ( Alternate ) Ministry of Defence (DGI) SHRI D. SHRI M. CHANDRASEKHAR CHIEF CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS Forest Department. . KADERKUTTY Ministry of Defence (R & D) SHRI U. Dehra Dun DR A. V. SINHA ( Alternate ) Railway Board (Ministry of Railways) JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS (CARRIAGE) I RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANIZATION. Bombay SHRI K. Saidabad Colony. MEHTA ( Alternate ) Plywood Manufacturers’ Association of West Bengal. NAYER Indian Academy of Wood Science. Government of Assam. SIVANANDA ( Alternate ) Federation of Indian Plywood and Panel Industry. P. N. MATHARU New Delhi SHRI P. C. SEKHAR 17-1-391/54. LAULY LT-COL G. PURUSHOTHAM DR SATISH KUMAR ( Alternate ) ( Continued on page 2 ) © BIS 2005 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act. Hyderabad-500659 Members Representing Central Building Research Institute (CSIR).
N. ISI ( Ex-officio Member ) SHRI G. SANGANARIA Margherita Forest Research Institute & Colleges (Timber SHRI S. R. RATRA Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch. GUPTA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. Margherita SHRI D. R. K. BOSE The Assam Railways and Trading Co Ltd. KUMAR SHRI T.) ( Alternate ) The Western India Plywood Ltd. ISI Members SHRI A. Dehra Dun Indian Tea Association. RAMACHANDRA Wood Products Testing Subcommittee.1983 ( Continued from page 1 ) Representing The South Indian Plywood Manufacturers’ Association. Dehra Dun SHRI V. R. CE (T. N. TRIPATHI Ministry of Defence (DGI) SHRI GULAM ALAM ( Alternate ) (ii) . RAMAMOORTHY ( Alternate ) R ATRA National Buildings Organization. SIVANANDA ( Alternate ) Railway Board (Ministry of Railways) DIRECTOR (TRACK) JOINT DIRECTOR. RAMAN. THOMSON Director General. New Delhi SUPERINTENDING SURVEYOR OF WORKS (NZ) SURVEYOR OF WORKS (NZ) ( Alternate ) Sitapur Plywood Manufacturers Ltd. TANDON ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR. PARMESWARAN ( Alternate ) National Buildings Organization. Trivandrum SHRI S. SANYAL Mechanics Branch). RAJAGOPAL ( Alternate ) SHRI K. CALCUTTA ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR Indian Plywood Industries Research Institute. SHRI S. RAMACHANDRAN SHRI S. C. R SHRI T.IS : 1734 (Parts 1 to 20) . Bangalore SHRI A. KOHLI ( Alternate ) Assam Plywood Manufacturers’ Association. New Delhi DR R. K. RIJHSINGHANI SHRI D. Calcutta SECRETARY Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals. K. N. P. Sitapur SHRI H.M. K. LAULY South Indian Plywood Manufacturers’ Association. S. K. PARMESWARAN ( Alternate ) Mafatlal Plywood Industries Ltd. K. Baliapatam DR R. DIRECTORATE OF Naval Headquarters NAVAL CONSTRUCTION WARSHIP PRODUCTION SUPERINTENDENT. S. BHATIA ( Alternate ) HRI HARMA S F. Trivandrum SHRI S. BDC 20 : 7 Members SHRI G. WARSHIP OVERSEAING TEAM. S Directorate General of Civil Aviation. K. R. Director (Civ Engg) Secretary SHRI VIJAY RAJ Assistant Director (Civ Engg). SHRI SHARAN SINGH New Delhi Central Public Works Department. S. New Delhi D R. Bangalore SHRI V. BOMBAY ( Alternate ) SENIOR OFFICER. New Delhi SHRI N. Army Headquarters SHRI P. SHUKLA Forest Research Institute & Colleges (Timber Mechanics Branch).
IS : 1734 (Parts 1 to 20) .1983 IS : 1734 Methods of test for plywood Part 1 Determination of density and moisture content ( second revision ) Part 2 Determination of resistance to dry heat ( second revision ) Part 3 Determination of fire resistance ( second revision ) Part 4 Determination of glue shear strength ( second revision ) Part 5 Test for adhesion of plies ( second revision ) Part 6 Determination of water resistance ( second revision ) Part 7 Mycological test ( second revision ) Part 8 Determination of pH value ( second revision ) Part 9 Determination of tensile strength ( second revision ) Part 10 Determination of compressive strength ( second revision ) Part 11 Determination of static bending strength ( second revision ) Part 12 Determination of scarf joint strength ( second revision ) Part 13 Determination of panel shear strength ( second revision ) Part 14 Determination of plate shear strength ( second revision ) Part 15 Central loading of plate test ( second revision ) Part 16 Vibration of plywood plate test ( second revision ) Part 17 Long time loading test of plywood strips ( second revision ) Part 18 Impact resistance test ( second revision ) Part 19 Determination of nails and screw holding power ( second revision ) Part 20 Acidity and alkalinity resistance test ( second revision ) (iii) .
the second revision has been prepared. As such. © BIS 2005 BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN .3 This edition incorporates Amendments issued to various parts. and long time loading test. major changes have been effected in tests for density and moisture content. it was considered necessary to update them. details of which are indicated in each part as well as in the last cover page.IS : 1734 (Parts 1 to 20) . these were published as separate parts of the standard. 0. These were revised in 1972.2 Methods of test for evaluating physical and mechanical properties of plywood. from the viewpoint of its use as an engineering material.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD ( Second Revision ) 0. a few more methods were included. glue shear strength. compressive strength. were first published in 1960. wherein. observed or calculated. *Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). for the sake of convenience and as well as for keeping them up-to-date. Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of these amendments. Besides. 0. while reviewing these tests in general.4 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard.1 This Indian Standard (Parts 1 to 20) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 28 November 1983. after the draft finalized by the Wood Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. F O R E W O R D 0. As a result of the experience gained by their usage. it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*. if the final value. 0. when. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF INDIAN STANDARDS . is to be rounded off. over a decade.
32 : 531.3 percent. APPARATUS 4.2 percent. Smaller specimens may be used when deemed necessary. 5.1 Each test specimen shall be of the full thickness of the material and 75 mm wide and 150 mm long. The determination of moisture content is necessary since it has a bearing on several important mechanical properties of plywood. 2.1 This standard (Part 1) covers the method of test for the determination of density and moisture content of plywood by oven dry method. The specimen shall be weighed to an accuracy of not less than ± 0.2 percent.1 The test specimen shall be weighed.1 Oven — An oven that can be maintained at a temperature of 103 ± 2°C through the drying chamber for the time required to dry the specimen to constant mass. The specimen shall then be dried in an oven at a temperature of 103 ± 2°C until approximately constant mass is obtained. 4.1 The object of this test is to determine the density of plywood which is an indicator of the properties of timber species.754 + 543. Oven shall be vented to allow the evaporated moisture to escape. TEST SPECIMEN 3. 3. OBJECT 2.812 1. The accuracy and sensitivity of the weighing balance shall be checked frequently. BUREAU OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN . The dimensions of the test specimens shall be measured to an accuracy of not less than ± 0. PROCEDURE 5. SCOPE 1.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART I DETERMINATION OF DENSITY AND MOISTURE CONTENT ( Second Revision ) UDC 674-419. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 . It may require forced air circulation to maintain uniform temperature. 4.IS : 1734 (Part 1) .2 Balance — A balance to weigh a specimen within ± 0.
1983 6.1 The density shall be calculated as follows: Mo Density.IS : 1734 (Part 1) . In each instance. If desired. 6.1 Care shall be taken to prevent any change in moisture content between the cutting of the sample and first weighing and also between the removal from the oven and subsequent weighings. less than 0.8 mm in thickness. percent = ---------------------× 100 Mo where M1 = initial mass of specimen. it may be desirable to take this into account.1 The density and moisture content of the specimen shall be reported. and Mo = oven-dry mass of specimen. PRECAUTIONS 7. the basis of the density value with respect to volume and moisture conditions shall be stated. In some instances. In plywood made up of thin veneers. in g/cm3 = ---------Lwt where Mo L w t = = = = oven dry mass of specimen in g. are the average values for the entire specimen.2 Moisture Content — The moisture content shall be calculated as follows: M1 – Mo Moisture content. the density may be obtained on an oven-dry mass and volume basis. NOTE 1 — The moisture content and density. length of the specimen in cm. NOTE 2 — The density so obtained is based on the volume at test and mass when oven-dry. 2 . and thickness of the specimen in cm. 8. as determined by this method. The specimen may be wrapped in an aluminium foil or polyethylene film to prevent moisture changes after cutting between consecutive weighings. the glue may constitute a significant part of the total mass and as a result the calculated density and moisture content may vary substantially from the true values for the veneers. that is. CALCULATION 6. 7. REPORT 8. width of the specimen in cm.
3.5 mm thickness. TEST SPECIMEN 3.32 : 620. The test specimens shall also be tested by forcibly separating the veneers. The test specimens shall also be considered to have failed if blisters appear on the surface.1 The test specimens shall be dried in an oven maintained at a temperature of 103 ± 2°C for a period of 3 hours for boards up to 8 mm in thickness. OBJECT 2.1 The test specimens shall be considered to have failed if they show positive signs of delamination.1 This test is intended to evaluate the resistance of plywood to delemination in storage under dry heat conditions. 2. 5. BUREAU OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS 674-419. that is. Boards over 8 mm in thickness shall be dried for additional half-an hour for every additional 1.1 Each test specimen shall be of the full thickness of the material and approximately 225 × 100 mm. PROCEDURE 4. 4.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 2 DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO DRY HEAT ( Second Revision ) UDC 1. delamination not less than 6. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 . The test specimens shall then be allowed to cool to room temperature and then examined for signs of delamination at the edges of the veneers or formation of blisters. SCOPE 1.193.IS : 1734 (Part 2) .1 This standard (Part 2) covers the method of test for the determination of resistance of plywood to dry heat. INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS 5.5 mm in depth and not less than 50 mm in length or fail entirely in the glue line on forcible separation of the veneers.5 MANAK BHAVAN .
IS : 1734 (Part 3) . FLAMMABILITY TEST 3. the end of the burner being 12 mm away from the face of this specimen.1 This standard (Part 3) covers the method of test for the determination of fire resistance of plywood.1983 Edition 3. The flame ignites the face of the lower specimen which in turn ignites the opposite face of the higher specimen. OBJECT 2.1 Test Specimen — Each test specimen shall be of the full thickness of the material and approximately 125 × 125 mm. one specimen being held 40 mm higher than the other ( see Fig. 2. Coal gas or LPG is fed to the burner resulting in a blue flame which when unobstructed is 50 mm long. An ordinary bunsen burner having 3 mm bore is fixed horizontally so that the flame plays against the lower end of the inner face of the lower specimen. The specimen shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. and c) Rate of burning test.2 (1999-01) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 3 DETERMINATION OF FIRE RESISTANCE ( Second Revision ) (Incorporating Amendment Nos. SCOPE 1.32 : 620.5 1. 3.193.1 The following three fire resistance tests are intended to evaluate the efficacy of the fire-proofing treatments accorded to plywood: a) Flammability test.2 Procedure — The test specimens are held vertical 15 mm apart. b) Flame penetration test. The time taken for the BUREAU OF © BIS 2005 INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN . The axis of the burner is centrally disposed 22 mm above the lower edge of the lower specimen. 3. 1 & 2) UDC 674-419. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 . 1 ).
The time taken for the flame to penetrate the thickness of the plywood is recorded. 5. 4. The specimen shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.1 The test panel shall be rated on the basis of combined test result of all the three tests keeping in view the end use of the plywood.1 Test Specimen — Each test specimen shall be of the full thickness of the material and approximately 100 × 12. The test specimen is ignited by a blue flame and time taken for each 10 percent loss in mass is recorded.1 ). 4. RATE OF BURNING TEST 5. This ignition is usually very distinct and capable of being timed to a few seconds.1 Test Specimen — Dimensions and details of the test specimen shall be the same as for the flammability test ( see 3. 6. 2 .1983 higher specimen to be ignited after the ignition of the lower specimen is recorded.IS : 1734 (Part 3) . 5. INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS 6.2 Procedure — The test specimen is held horizontally 50 mm above the nozzle of a blow-pipe flame ( see Fig.2 Procedure — The test specimen is suspended in a fire tube and adjusted at a height of 30 mm from the flame of the burner ( see Fig. NOTE — The specimen is deemed to be ignited if the burning is uninterrupted for not less than 50 seconds. FLAME PENETRATION TEST 4. 3 ). The test specimen is rotated in a horizontal plane at 75 rev/min in such a way that the centre of the flame describes a circle of 25 mm diameter. The time taken from 30 to 70 percent loss in mass is taken for the purpose of comparison.2 ).5 mm.
1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR FLAMMABILITY TEST 3 .IS : 1734 (Part 3) .1983 FIG.
IS : 1734 (Part 3) .1983 FIG. 3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR RATE OF BURNING TEST 4 . 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR FLAME PENETRATION TEST FIG.
IS : 1734 (Part 4) . The test specimens shall be prepared and saw cuts made to allow the examination of each and every pair of glue lines in the panel. 1. 3.3 : 620.2 BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN . 674-419.1 This test is intended to estimate the tenacity with which the bonding material holds the veneers together.3 (2005-08) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 4 DETERMINATION OF GLUE SHEAR STRENGTH ( Second Revision ) (Incorporating Amendment Nos. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF © BIS 2005 INDIAN STANDARDS .1 At least six specimens for each pair of glue lines shall be cut from the panel from different locations. When the number of plies exceeds three. Each test specimen shall be cut so that the grain direction of the ply between the glue lines under test is perpendicular to the length of the test specimen. OBJECT 2. 2 & 3) UDC 1. Method of preparation of specimens for 7-ply plywood is shown in Fig. SCOPE 1. TEST SPECIMEN 3. 1 ).1983 Edition 3. specimens shall be prepared to test all pairs of glue lines. 1.2 The test pieces from 3-ply plywood shall be prepared by making saw cuts ( see Fig.1 This standard (Part 4) covers the method of test for the determination of glue shear strength of plywood. 2. 3.32 : 668.176.
FIG.IS : 1734 (Part 4) .1983 All dimensions in millimetres. 1 TEST SPECIMEN FOR GLUE ADHESION TEST 4 .
Record shall also be made as to failure whether in wood or in glue by visual examination of the area under shear.1 Each test specimen shall be gripped symmetrically at two ends in the jaws of a suitable testing machine. and shall be pulled apart. PROCEDURE 4. the load shall be applied to the test specimens as uniformly as possible. REPORT 5.025 cm to determine the shear area.1983 4. 4.3 The maximum load at the time of complete failure of each specimen shall be recorded. the wood failure may be objectively and quantitatively estimated.IS : 1734 (Part 4) . b) Type and grade of plywood. 4. In case of wood failure the percentage wood failure shall also be recorded. e) Adhesive used. Measure the width of each specimen and distance between the notches to nearest 0.4 Clause deleted 5. The pull should be. The grain of the centre ply shall be perpendicular to the direction of application of load. as far as possible. in the centre line of the central veneer. and so adjusted as to increase at a rate lying in the range of 1 300 ± 500 N/min. 5. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies. d) Species of individual plies. The distance between the notches on the test specimen and the end of the gripping jaws of the testing machine shall be between 10 mm and 20 mm.1 All the details shall be recorded under the following sub-heads: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured.1 Failing load and percentage of wood failure of the tested specimens for each pair of glue lines determined in accordance with 4 shall be straight averaged and compare with values given in appropriate Indian Standard specification for plywood. 4.1. 3 .2 During the test. NOTE — In case of dispute. measurement of wood failure shall be done with the help of a graphical mesh of area 25 × 25 mm printed on a transparent material placed on the sheared surface.
IS : 1734 (Part 4) ./Reference. g) Specimen No. j) Average load for each and every pair of glue lines. and k) Average percentage of wood failure for each and every pair of glue lines. h) Area of cross section of bonding surface under shear. 4 .1983 f) End use of plywood.
BUREAU OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS 674-419. It may be made from a file. TEST SPECIMEN 3. PROCEDURE 5. OBJECT 2. A hard and dense species of plywood requires considerable force to effect entry and to prise the veneer.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 5 TEST FOR ADHESION OF PLIES ( Second Revision ) UDC 1. 5. 4.1 The knife is inserted with its cutting edge parallel to the grain of the outer veneer and worked into. 2. 3. The cutting edge should be kept chiselsharp. the knife tends to follow an easy course through the wood in this case it is essential that the knife be firmly guided along the glue line. along a glue line and the veneer is prised upward. APPARATUS 4.4 MANAK BHAVAN . 4. The specimen shall be preconditioned to a contant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. 1.1 This test is intended to estimate the tenacity with which the bonding material holds the adjacent plies together. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 .1 The test specimen shall be of the full thickness of the material and at least 250 × 250 mm. 2. SCOPE 1.2 The test shall be carried out on a stout table to which is screwed a wooden batten against which the edge of the test piece is placed as indicated in Fig.1 This standard (Part 5) covers test for adhesion of plies.IS : 1734 (Part 5) .32 : 620.179. or if possible. In a soft timber.1 The type of knife required to be used in the test is given in Fig.
/reference. when it is difficult to find the glue line and impossible to keep the tool within it for more than 3 to 6 mm without cutting into adjacent wood. and h) Result — minimum pass/excellent/poor. ‘excellent’. 6.IS : 1734 (Part 5) . Examples of poor bond are illustrated in Fig.1983 5. the veneer usually breaks off over a width only slightly greater than that of the tool. b) Type and grade of plywood.3 The bond is excellent. 5. On prising upwards. 3. ‘poor’ ( see Fig. NOTE — Interpretation of knife test results requires experience which can be obtained with practice and a little help. f) End use of plywood. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies.1 The results shall be reported as ‘minimum pass’. and the area prised off. 5. The separated veneers are usually almost free from adherent fibre. 3 and this is judged by the relative amounts of wood fibre left on the core veneer. 2 .4 The bond is poor. e) Adhesive used. The grading is assessed chiefly on the appearance of the break. g) Specimen No. d) Species of individual plies. but it is a concomitant requirement that force shall be needed to effect separation. 5. when the knife meets little opposition in the glue line and the prise results in the easy removal of almost all the veneers from one side of the test piece. Examples of excellent bond are illustrated in Fig. All the details shall be recorded under the following sub-heads: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. 4. REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS 6.2 Examples of cases when the bond just passes the requirements are indicated in Fig. 4 and 5 ).
1983 FIG.. 1 KNIFE FOR TESTING PLYWOOD FOR ADHESION OF PLIES .‘ 3 IS : 1734 (Part 5) .
3 EXAMPLE OF ‘MINIMUM PASS’ STANDARD 4 . 2 METHOD OF TESTING FOR ADHESION FIG.1983 FIG.IS : 1734 (Part 5) .
IS : 1734 (Part 5) . 4 EXAMPLES OF ‘EXCELLENT’ ADHESION 5 .1983 FIG.
IS : 1734 (Part 5) . 5 EXAMPLES OF ‘POOR’ ADHESION 6 .1983 FIG.
3.2 Specimen for Adhesion of Plies From each board at least 4 test specimens each approximately 250 mm × 250 mm shall be cut from different positions in the board such that the grain of the face veneer is parallel to the length of the piece.1 This standard (Part 6) covers the methods of test for the determination of water resistance of plywood.19 MANAK BHAVAN . 4. 72 hours for BWP BUREAU OF © BIS 2005 INDIAN STANDARDS 674-419. 1 & 2) UDC 1.1 This test is primarily intended to determine the acceptability or otherwise of plywood panel where it is subjected to alternate drying and wetting or high humidity. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 .1983 Edition 3.193. for example. PROCEDURE 4. 4. these specimens shall be kept submerged in a pan of boiling water for a period as specified for the particular grade of the plywood.2 (2005-01) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 6 DETERMINATION OF WATER RESISTANCE ( Second Revision ) (Incorporating Amendment Nos. 2.IS : 1734 (Part 6) .32 : 620. OBJECT 2.1 Specimen for Glue Shear Strength Dimensions and details of the test specimen shall be same as given in 3 of IS : 1734 (Part 4)-1983 3.1 Clause deleted. SCOPE 1.2 For the boiling water immersion tests. SPECIMEN 3.
5.IS : 1734 (Part 6) . blister formation. etc. 5.1 All the details shall be recorded and reported as required in IS : 1734 (Part 4)-1983* and/or IS : 1734 (Part 5)-1983†.3 The plywood when tested as above shall comply with the standard specified for its end use.2 Visual examination shall also be made before carrying out ‘glue shear strength’ and/or ‘adhesion of plies’ for any delamination. These wet pieces while still in wet condition shall be tested for ‘glue shear strength’ and/or ‘adhesion of plies’ according to methods laid down in IS : 1734 (Part 4)-1983* and IS : 1734 (Part 5)-1983† respectively. 5. for moisture resistance test (applicable to MR grade of plywood). REPORT 5. 2 . †Methods of test for plywood: Part 5 Test for adhesion of plies ( second revision ). These test pieces shall then be removed from the water and cooled down to room temperature by plunging them in cold water. *Methods of test for plywood: Part 4 Determination of glue shear strength ( second revision ).1983 and 8 hours for BWR. the specimen shall be kept immersed in warm water at 60 ± 2°C for a period of 3 hours. However.
*Methods of test for plywood: Part 4 Determination of glue shear strength ( second revision ). but if unavailable.IS : 1734 (Part 7) . 674-419. OBJECT 2.1 A flat rectangular dish of enamelled iron.1983 Edition 3.32 : 620. TEST SPECIMEN 3. glass or porcelain (such as a photographic developing dish). of a minimum depth of 50 mm.1 This standard (Part 7) covers the mycological test for plywood. 30 g of commercial malt extract may be substituted) to a litre of water so that it is saturated with moisture. 3. 2. It is not a test of the durability of the species from which the plywood is manufactured. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF © BIS 2005 INDIAN STANDARDS .81 BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN . PROCEDURE 4. SCOPE 1. 1) UDC 1. The sawdust shall have previously been moistened with water containing 15 g of sucrose (normally sugar may be used. like semul ( Bombax ceiba ) in its natural condition. shall be filled to a depth of about 25 mm with a layer of sawdust obtained from the sapwood of a perishable timber.193.1 (2004-12) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 7 MYCOLOGICAL TEST ( Second Revision ) (Incorporating Amendment No. 4.1 This test is intended to evaluate the resistance of glue line (adhesive) to attack by micro-organisms.1 Dimensions and details of the test specimen shall be the same as required under 3 of IS : 1734 (Part 4)-1983*.
after which the test pieces shall be removed. The test specimens shall be pressed down into it so that their upper surfaces are in level with the top of the sawdust layer.1 All the details shall be recorded and reported as required in IS : 1734 (Part 4)-1983*.4 The dish and the contents shall be maintained at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C for a period of three weeks. 2 . Aspergillus sp. and whilst still watersoaked. To attain this condition with dry sawdust. washed in water at room temperature.1983 but not so wet that free water is squeezed out of it by hand pressure. 5. (Green or blue mould) and loosely compacted. it is usually necessary to add three times its mass of water.IS : 1734 (Part 7) . 4. 4. Pencillium sp.2 The saw dust shall then be charged with the spores of the commonly occurring mould fungi like Aspergillus niger (Black mould). (Yellow mould). *Methods of test for plywood: Part 4 Determination of glue shear strength ( second revision ). 4. shall be tested at room temperature for glue shear strength as laid down in IS : 1734 (Part 4)-1983* for compliance to the minimum requirement laid down in the relevant Indian Standard specification for plywood. REPORT 5.3 The dish shall then be covered with a sheet of glass and the edges of the dish sealed against the glass with modelling clay or a similar suitable material so that the atmosphere round the test specimens shall remain saturated with water vapour.
05 pH units. SCOPE 1. The mixture shall be allowed to stand for 72 hours at 27 ± 2°C after which time the mixture shall be stirred and the pH value determined by a suitable pH meter. PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN AND TEST PROCEDURE 3. One gram of the powder. OBJECT 2. cooled distilled water shall be added and thoroughly stirred. where there is no pH change it is the correct value of the wood. This may be done by adding the wood powder to various solutions containing free hydrogen ions and measuring the pH.IS : 1734 (Part 8) .32 : 543-257. One gram of wood adjacent to the glue line is ground to fine sawdust and suspended in 5 ml of hydrochloric acid of pH 4. The glass container shall be kept stoppered throughout the test except when pH determinations are being made. 3. 2. impact and shear strength values of plywood may be affected by the pH value of the glue used in the panels. accurately weighed.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 8 DETERMINATION OF pH VALUE ( Second Revision ) UDC 1. shall be placed in a clean vial or a small heat resistant flask and 5 ml of freshly boiled.1 BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN .1 This standard (Part 8) covers the method of test for the determination of pH value. The same is done to the veneers where the pH of the plywood is lower than that of the veneers. NOTE — Alternatively pH be measured by MpH value as wood exerts buffering action. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS . 674-419.1 A sufficient portion of the wood adjacent to the glue line of the plywood panel is ground in a mill to pass 425-µm IS Sieve. the last reading taken shall be regarded as the equilibrium pH value for the specimen.1 This test is intended to evaluate the resistance of plywood to deterioration upon normal ageing as the flexural. The determination of pH value shall be repeated at intervals of 24 hours until difference between the consecutive readings is not more than 0.
1 The pH value determined shall be reported. 2 .1983 4 REPORT 4. f) End use of plywood. All the details shall be recorded under the following sub-heads: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured./reference. b) Type and grade of plywood. and h) pH value. e) Adhesive used. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies. d) Species of individual plies. g) Specimen No.IS : 1734 (Part 8) .
1 For the tensile strength test.172 BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN . 2.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 9 DETERMINATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH ( Second Revision ) UDC 1. D or E as illustrated in Fig. 3. B. C. Type C shall be used regardless of the thickness of the material. specimens of Types A.IS : 1734 (Part 9) . 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF STANDARDS . TEST SPECIMEN 3. B and C. 3. If the grain of the individual plies makes an angle of other than 0° or 90°. Type A shall be used for material over 6 mm in thickness and Type B for material 6 mm or less in thickness. © BIS 1984 INDIAN 674-419. The basis for selection shall be the grain angle and the thickness of the material. but specimens of any other types that give equally satisfactory results may be used. 1 are particularly recommended. the size and shape of the test specimen shall be selected from Types A. For grain angles individual ply of 0° or 90°. with the length of the specimen.3 percent. OBJECT 2.2 When the evaluation of elastic properties as well as ultimate tensile strength is required. SCOPE 1. The grain direction of the face plies shall be parallel or perpendicular to the length of the test specimen.1 This standard (Part 9) covers the method of test for the determination of tensile strength.32 : 620.1 This test is intended to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength of plywood. The specimen shall have a thickness equal to that of the material and the thickness and the width of each specimen at the critical section shall also be measured to an accuracy of not less than ± 0. The specimen shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.
b) Type and grade of plywood. d) Species of individual plies.1 The details shall be recorded under the following sub-heads: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. 4. Deformation readings shall be taken to the nearest 0. 5. e) Adhesive used.1 Maximum tensile stress. Increments of load shall be chosen so that not less than 12 and preferably 15 or more readings of load and deformation are taken to the proportional limit. 3. 4.4 The test specimens shall be properly shaped. 2 .3 percent. g) Specimen No.1. Type D is designed for specimens greater than 6 mm in thickness. using a template in conjunction with a vertical-spindle woodworking shaper or any other method that will give equally satisfactory results. PROCEDURE 4. the modulus of elasticity and the tensile stress at proportional limit.IS : 1734 (Part 9) .3 When the evaluation of the ultimate tensile strength only is required specimens of Types D and E may be used. The deformation measuring apparatus shall be attached at the central portion of the length of the specimen at the central portion of constant cross section. h) Area of cross section. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies. f) End use of plywood. 5.1983 3. Measurements of each specimen shall be made to an accuracy of not less than ± 0.002 mm.1 The load shall be applied continuously throughout the test at a rate of traverse of the movable head of 1 mm/min. if required. The moisture content of the specimen and its temperature at the time of test shall be recorded.2 Data for load-deformation curves may be taken to determine the modulus of elasticity and the tensile stress at proportional limit./reference and name of test. and Type E for specimens 6 mm or less in thickness. shall be reported. REPORT 5. The specimen shall be held in wedge-type self-tightening and self-aligning grips.
k) Rate of loading. percent. Tensile stress at proportional limit. the following properties may also be recorded: a) b) c) d) e) f) Load at proportional limit.IS : 1734 (Part 9) . 1 DETAILS OF PLYWOOD TENSILE TEST SPECIMENS — Contd 3 .2 In addition. Deformation (elongation) at proportional limit. Modulus of elasticity. m) Maximum load. and p) Room temperature. Maximum tensile stress. All dimensions in millimetres. and Density at the above moisture content (if determined otherwise). n) Moisture content. FIG.1.1983 j) Gauge length. 5.
FIG. 1 DETAILS OF PLYWOOD TENSILE TEST SPECIMENS 4 .IS : 1734 (Part 9) .1983 All dimensions in millimetres.
the specimen shall have a thickness equal to the material and the width shall be a minimum of 25 mm but not less than the thickness.3 percent. OBJECT 2. The grain direction of the face plies may be parallel or perpendicular to the length of the test specimen. 3. The specimen shall be conditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.1 This test is intended to evaluate the compressive strength at elastic limit as well as maximum compressive strength of plywood.1.1 This standard (Part 10) covers the method of test for the determination of compressive strength. © BIS 1984 INDIAN 674-419.2 When tests to evaluate both elastic and maximum compressive strength properties are required ( see 4.IS : 1734 (Part 10) .1 ). 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF STANDARDS .1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 10 DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ( Second Revision ) UDC 1. Such specimen shall be supported laterally throughout the test.1 The test specimen shall be rectangular. The length shall be 10 cm.173 BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN . the size of the specimen shall be as follows: a) For material over 6 mm in thickness. 2.32 : 620. SCOPE 1. b) For material 6 mm or less in thickness. TEST SPECIMEN 3. width and length of each specimen shall be measured to an accuracy of not less than ± 0. the specimen shall have a thickness equal to that of the material and shall be 25 mm wide. The length shall be not greater than seven times the least cross-sectional dimension. The thickness. 3.
1 Test specimens 6 mm or less in thickness intended for use in obtaining load deformation data shall be supported laterally to prevent buckling during the test. self-aligning type. 4.003 cm/cm length of the specimen per minute within a permissible variation of ± 25 percent.2 ) plywood specimens of 10 cm length shall be glued together such that the total thickness is equal to the width and lies between 20 mm and 40 mm.2 Procedure — The load shall be applied through a spherical bearing block preferably of the suspended. This support shall not measurably restrain the normal compressive deformation under load. 4.1.1983 3. providing lateral support of the specimen when needed. but preferably 15 or more.002 mm. Data for load-deformation curves may be taken to determine the modulus of elasticity and the proportional limit.1. Increments of load shall be chosen so that not less than 12.1.5 mm per minute till a failure is indicated.1.4 Care shall be taken in preparing the test specimen to make the end surfaces smooth and parallel to each other and at right angles to the length.1. This shall be used when tests to evaluate both elastic and maximum compressive strength properties are required. Maximum crushing stress shall be calculated and reported with reference to the grain of the face veneer.IS : 1734 (Part 10) .1 The two types of compressive strength tests are as follows: a) Method A. and b) Method B may be used when tests to evaluate maximum compressive strength only are required.1. Compressometers shall be attached over the central portion of the length of the specimen and the points of attachment shall be not less than 18 mm from the specimen ends.3 When tests to evaluate maximum compressive strength alone are required ( see 4. but undue pressure shall not be exerted against the sides of the specimen. The load shall be applied with a continuous motion of the movable head to maximum load at a rate of 0.2 Method B — for Evaluation of Maximum Compressive Strength Only — Specimens shall be held together by suitable supports.1 Method A — for Evaluation of Both Maximum Compressive Strength and Elastic Properties 4. 4. readings of load and deformation are taken to the proportional limit. The deformation shall be read to the nearest 0. 2 . and the load shall be applied through a spherical bearing block of self-aligning type with a continuous rate of cross-head movement of 0. 3. TYPES OF TEST 4. 4.1.
1. percent. and Density at the above moisture content. h) Area of cross section. the following properties may also be recorded: a) b) c) d) e) f) Load at proportional limit. b) Type and grade of plywood.1 Maximum crushing stress. f) End use of plywood.1. Moisture content and temperature at the time of test shall also be reported. n) Moisture content. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies./reference. if determined otherwise.IS : 1734 (Part 10) . Maximum compressive stress. Compressive stress at proportional limit. 5.2 In addition. if required. 5. and p) Room temperature. 3 . d) Species of individual plies. modulus of elasticity and crushing stress at elastic limit.1 The details shall be recorded under the following sub-heads: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. shall be reported with reference to the grain of the face veneer. e) Adhesive used. Deformation (elongation) at proportional limit. Modulus of elasticity. REPORT 5. k) Rate of loading.1983 5. g) Specimen No. m) Maximum load. j) Gauge length.
2. the length of the specimen shall be 48 times the depth plus 5 cm. The specimen shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. CENTRAL LOADING METHOD 2. © BIS 1984 INDIAN 674-419. The depth of the specimen shall be equal to the thickness of material and the width shall be 2. The width and depth of each specimen shall be measured to an accuracy of not less than ± 0. the length of the specimen shall be 24 times the depth plus 5 cm.3 percent. When the grain direction of the face plies is parallel to the span. stiffness (modulus of elasticity × moment of inertia) and other properties related to flexural stress and is applicable to material that is uniform with respect to elastic and strength properties.1 Object — This test is intended to determine the strength (modulus of rupture). It is well suited to investigations of many variables that influence properties uniformly throughout the panel in controlled studies and to test small.5 cm for depths less than 6 mm and 5 cm for greater depths.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 11 DETERMINATION OF STATIC BENDING STRENGTH ( Second Revision ) UDC 1.32 : 620. Total deflection and modulus of elasticity computed from it. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF STANDARDS . 2. include a relatively constant component attributable to shear deformation.1 This standard (Part 11) covers the method of test for the determination of static bending strength of plywood as determined by central loading method and two-point load method.174 BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN .IS : 1734 (Part 11) .2 Test Specimen — The test specimen for plywood shall be rectangular. defect-free specimens cut from large panels. when the grain direction of the face is perpendicular to the span. SCOPE 1.
3.2 The load shall be applied through an appropriate loading block for centre loading with a continuous motion of the movable head throughout the test till a failure is indicated. = span in cm. N mm/mm3 PL = -----------------3 4 bh ∆ CA . and L d = depth of beam in cm. The moisture content of the specimen and the temperature at the time of test shall be recorded: 3 PL a) Fibre stress at proportional limit. Increments of load shall be so chosen that not less than 12 and preferably 15 or more readings of load and deflection are taken to the proportional limit.IS : 1734 (Part 11) . 2. Deflection readings shall be recorded to the nearest 0.001 5.4 Report — Data for load deflection curves may be taken to determine the various characteristics using the formulae given below. N/mm2 d) Work to proportional limit.= ---------------P ∆= -----------2 Lbh L bh 3 2 2 .1 Span — The span shall be 48 times the nominal depth when the grain direction of the face plies of the test specimen is parallel to the span and 24 times the nominal depth when the grain direction of the face plies is perpendicular to the span. The rate of application of load shall be such that the unit rate of fibre strain is equal to 0.3 Procedure 2. N/mm2 = --------------2 2 bh 3 P′L b) Modulus of rupture.1983 2. 2.02 mm.3.001 5 cm/cm of outer fibre length per minute within a permissible variation of ± 25 percent. z = unit rate of fibre strain in cm/cm of outer fibre length per minute = 0. The rate of motion of moving head may be calculated as follows: zL N = --------6d where N = rate of motion of moving head in cm/min. N/mm2 = --------------2 2 bh c) Modulus of elasticity.
thickness and mass. j) Span. e) Adhesive used. d) Species of individual plies. and A'' = area in mm2 up to final reading. f) End use of plywood. N mm/mm3 f) Total work. h) Length. N mm/mm3 g) Stiffness (EI) N mm2 where = load in N at proportional limit. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies. = area constant. = maximum load in N. m) Load at proportional limit. that is. = thickness of the specimen in mm. A' = area in mm2 up to maximum load. n) Maximum load. = span in mm.1983 e) Work to maximum load.1 All the details shall be recorded under the sub-heads indicated below: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. b) Type and Grade of plywood. the energy represented by one square mm which is equal to load in N represented by one mm ordinate multiplied by deflection in mm represented by one mm abscissa. = width of the specimen in mm./reference and name of test. g) Specimen No.4. k) Rate of loading.IS : 1734 (Part 11) . P L b h P' ∆ C 2. A = area in mm2 of load deflection curve to proportional limit. 3 CA ′= -----------L bh CA ″= -----------L bh L P = ----------48 ∆ 3 . width. = deflection at proportional limit in mm.
Work to proportional limit. like method described in 2. if determined otherwise. This may be used to determine the effects of finger joints.3 percent.1 When needed for interpretation of test results thickness of each ply shall be measured nearest to 0.02 mm at mid-span at each edge and the average shall be recorded.1983 p) q) r) s) t) u) v) w) y) Deformation at proportional limit.1 Object — This method. and the width shall be 25 mm for thickness less than 6 mm and 50 mm for thickness 6 mm and above.2 ) on which it is to be tested. This specimen thickness shall be measured at mid-span at two points near each edge and the average recorded. Deflection and modulus of elasticity obtained from this method are related to flexural stress only and do not contain a shear component. However. Modulus of elasticity. 3.2. Significant errors in modulus of rupture can occur where nominal moment is used. TWO-POINT LOADING 3. percent. veneer joints and gaps and other features which can be placed entirely between the load points and whose effects can be projected readily to full panel width.2 Span — Span-depth ratio has relatively little influence on the results of tests using two-point loading and the method measuring deformation described for it in this standard. it is important that the distance between load point and adjacent support be sufficient to prevent rolling shear failures. Modulus of rupture. 3.2 Test Specimen — The test specimen shall be rectangular in cross-section.2. 4 . Width shall be measured at mid-span to the nearest 0. and Density at the moisture content given in (w).2. The depth of the specimen shall be equal to the thickness of the plywood. Measurement shall be taken to the nearest 0. Total work. 3.IS : 1734 (Part 11) . is suited to the investigations of factors that influence strength and elastic properties uniformly throughout the panel in controlled studies and testing small clear and defect-free control specimens cut from large panels. The length shall exceed by 5 cm the span ( see 3. Work to maximum load. Flexural stress at proportional limit. The specimen shall be conditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. 3.02 mm or 0. Moisture content.3 percent.
The pivot point which equalizes the two loads shall be located near the original neutral axis of the specimen.2.1 Specimen tested for stiffness only shall have a span at least 48 times the nominal thickness if face grain is parallel to span and 24 times the nominal thickness if face grain is perpendicular to span. 5 . 3. 3.2 It is recommended that two-point loading tests to failure be made on a span at least equal to the spacing between load points plus 48 times the specimen thickness or 24 times the specimen thickness for face grain parallel or perpendicular respectively.4 percent of full scale whichever is larger. Load point shall be spaced sufficiently to provide a deflection which can be adequately measured. Two equal loads shall be applied to the specimen equidistant from the supports by cylindrical surfaces having a radius of curvature of at least one-and-a-half times the specimen thickness wherever it may contact the specimen. depth of beam in cm. Material having high rolling shear strength or having all its grain parallel to span may use closer spacing between loads and supports. The sum of two loads shall be measured to an accuracy of at least 1 percent of indicated value or 0.1983 3. unit rate of fibre strain in (cm/cm)/min. The axes of these surfaces shall remain parallel and at least one of them shall be free to turn about its axis or be loaded through rollers to prevent the application of friction forces to the surfaces of the specimen.3 Procedure — The ends of a small flexure specimen shall be supported on special reaction bearings which.( 3 L – 4a ) N = -----3d where N Z a d L = = = = = rate of motion in cm/min. thus subjecting the middle half of the specimen to conditions of nearly pure movement. and span in cm. rest on the table of a conventional testing machine. 1. Construction of a satisfactory loading head is shown in Fig. A spacing of at least 24 and 12 times specimen thickness is recommended for specimen with face grain parallel and perpendicular to span respectively.2.IS : 1734 (Part 11) . in turn.4 Speed of Test — Load shall be applied at a continuous rate of motion of the load points with respect to the supports within a permissible range of 25 percent of the rate determined by the following formula: Za .2. 3. distance from support to adjacent load in cm.2.
I = moment of inertia in mm4. 3 P ( L – L1 ) L 2 Modulus of elasticity. 6 ( L – L1 ) L 2 P .1983 3.IS : 1734 (Part 11) . at least 12 and preferably 15 or more load and deflection readings shall be taken below approximate proportional limit or for determining specimen stiffness.6 Report and Calculation — Modulus of rupture and stiffness shall be calculated by the following formula: Notations other than those given below shall have the same meaning as given in 2. and S = deflection of mid-span relative to ends of span L2 in mm.× --= ----------------------------------------32 S 2 2 . All the three points shall lie on the longitudinal axis of the specimen. 3 P ( L – L1 ) Modulus of rupture (M of R) = ---------------------------------------.5 percent of total deflection. if tested for stiffness only. A typical equipment of the transducer type is illustrated in Fig.4. 1.5 Measurement and Deflection — Deflection on mid-span with respect to a line between two points equidistant from mid-span and just inside the two loading points shall be measured to an accuracy of at least 1.5 percent of deflection at approximate proportional limit. c = distance from neutral axis to extreme fibre in mm. N/mm2 = --------------------------------------------------3 8 bh ∆ Stiffness (EI) where L2 = span between deflection measurement points in mm. A dial gauge could replace the transducer for manual reading. or 1. If individual gauge readings are taken. or 2 2 bh P ( L – L1 ) c = ---------------------------------------4I where L1 = span between load points in mm. and P = maximum load in N. 3. Deflection shall be measured with a dial gauge or transducer.
7 IS : 1734 (Part 11) . 1 TWO-POINT LOAD TEST FOR SMALL PLYWOOD FLEXURE SPECIMENS .1983 FIG.
2 Procedure — Test specimens are bent round a mandrel of a diameter 200 times the thickness of plywood. OBJECT 2. In this case the diameter of the mandrel is only 100 times that of the thickness of 674-419. 2. 3. The test specimen shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 12 DETERMINATION OF SCARF JOINT STRENGTH ( Second Revision ) UDC 1.11 : 620. NOTE 2 — For aircraft plywood the mandrel test is employed as a quality control test.1 The two tests. The test shall be repeated with a specimen of the same dimension but without the scarf joint. are prescribed to evaluate the strength of a scarf joint.1 This standard (Part 12) covers the method of test for the determination of scarf joint strength of plywood. namely.5 cm and shall be cut in a direction at right angles to the line of the scarf with the scarf approximately in the centre of the specimen. MANDREL TEST (BENDING TEST FOR SCARF JOINT FOR PLYWOOD UP TO 3 mm IN THICKNESS) 3. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS .028. SCOPE 1.32 : 674.1 Test Specimen — Each test specimen shall be approximately 38 × 2. NOTE 1 — A number of mandrels of progressively smaller diameters are to be tried till the specimen breaks.17 BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN . Test specimens are then broken on a mandrel of smaller diameter and distribution of adherent fibres examined and expressed as a percentage of the whole area. mandrel test and tensile strength test.IS : 1734 (Part 12) . in such a way that the scarf is within the fully bent position and then examined for signs of delamination or damage at the scarf joint. 3.
namely. 4.1 ) except that the scarf joint is exactly centrally disposed in a direction at right angles to the length of the test specimen. The test shall be repeated with a specimen of the same dimensions but without the scarf joint. one with scarf joint and the other without scarf joint shall also be reported. f ) End use of plywood. The location of the failure and the percentage of wood failure on the joints shall also be reported. 4. e) Adhesive used.2 Procedure — The test specimens shall be tested in the same manner as for the determination of tensile strength of plywood [ see IS : 1734 (Part 9)-1983* ].IS : 1734 (Part 12) . Breakages or fractures of more than 20 percent of all the specimens tested shall be considered as the cause for the rejection of the whole lot. 3. TENSILE STRENGTH TEST OF THE SCARF JOINT (ALSO KNOWN AS LONGITUDINAL TEST) (FOR PLYWOOD ABOVE 3 mm IN THICKNESS) 4.1 Test Specimen — Dimensions and details of the test specimens shall be the same as for mandrel test ( see 3. 4. g) Specimen No. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies. d) Species of individual plies.1 The ratio of percentages of wood failure in the case of two types of test specimens.3.3 Report — The percentage of wood failure for each test specimen shall be reported./reference.1983 plywood and the test is employed up to 5 mm thickness. 3. h) Thickness of specimen.3 Report — The load taken by both the test specimens shall be reported separately together with the ratio of the loads of the piece with the scarf joint to that without the scarf joint. 2 . All the details shall be recorded under the following subheads: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. b) Type and grade of plywood. *Methods of test for plywood : Part 9 Determination of tensile strength ( second revision ).
1983 j) Diameter of standard mandrel. and p) Load taken by the specimen: 1) with scarf joint. and 3) ratio of above. 3 . and 3) ratio of above. and q) Location of failure. n) Percentage of wood failure: 1) with scarf joint. k) Visual examination of the specimen when bent round the standard mandrel. m) Diameter of the mandrel on which the specimen breaks. 2) without scarf joint.IS : 1734 (Part 12) . 2) without scarf joint.
IS : 1734 (Part 13) . The specimen shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 . The thickness. OBJECT 2. 3. 2. The rollers shall be the ball or roller bearing type of standard bearing sizes with an inside diameter approximately 0.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 13 DETERMINATION OF PANEL SHEAR STRENGTH ( Second Revision ) UDC 1.3 percent.2 Pins and Rollers — The pins shall be of a quality equal to that of steel having a yield point of approximately 686 N/mm2 and an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 862 N/mm2. 3.025 mm larger than the pin BUREAU OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS 674-419.2. width and length of each specimen shall be measured to an accuracy of not less than ± 0.1 Size and Location of Pins — The sizes and location of the pins used to load the panel shall be as prescribed in Table 1.1 This test is intended to evaluate the panel shear strength of the plywood. 3.1 This standard (Part 13) covers the method of test for the determination of panel shear strength. METHOD A 3. The dimensions of the test specimen ( see Fig.2 MANAK BHAVAN . 1 ) shall conform to the sizes prescribed in Table 1 for the respective thickness of plywood used. The size and thickness of reinforcing wooden blocks shall also conform to the values prescribed in Table 1.1 Test Specimen — The grain direction of the individual plies shall be at an angle of 0° or 90° with the edges of the panel. SCOPE 1. Care shall be taken in drilling the holes to make the surfaces smooth and the axes perpendicular to the plane of the plywood.176.32 : 620.2 Procedure 3.2.
into the bearing to achieve this tolerance.4 Moisture and Density — After the test.1983 diameter. 4. The size and thickness of the reinforcing blocks shall be as indicated. Tests may also be made with the grain inclined to the sides. A jig for accurate location of the pads shall be used. preferably of the suspended self-aligning type. The load shall be applied continuously throughout the test with a uniform motion of the movable head of the testing machine equal to 0. and t = thickness of specimen in mm ( see Fig 1 ).3 Loading Procedure — The load shall be applied by special steel loading blocks which articulate with the rollers and pins attached to the test specimen. Material up to 1. a sleeve bushing shall be pressed. 3.2. 1 ). L = side of square panel specimen in mm ( see Fig. 2.3 percent. METHOD B 4. a section shall be cut out of the panel and used to determine the moisture content and density of the specimen. shall be employed in the loading system. The thickness of the specimen shall be measured to an accuracy of not less than ± 0. The material shall be conditioned prior to gluing on the pads and then conditioned again before testing. 3 3 Calculation — The panel shear stress on the plywood panel shall be calculated as follows: 0. The angle between faces of the loading block shall be 90° and between each face and the base shall be 45°.005 cm/cm length of diagonal per minute within a permissible variation of ± 25 percent until the maximum load is reached.25 cm in thickness requiring a total load of less than 44 kN may be tested by this method.2. 2 . The outside bearing diameter shall be equal to that prescribed in Table 1. A spherical bearing block.IS : 1734 (Part 13) . the tests shall be made with the face grain of the material parallel or perpendicular to the sides of the loading rig.1 Test Specimen — The dimensions of the test specimen shall be as shown in Fig. 3.707 P Panel shear stress in N/mm2 = -------------------Lt where P = total applied load in N. For pin diameters in excess of 8-mm double-row ball bearings or roller bearings of equivalent strength shall be used. In general. Where necessary.
All the details shall be recorded under the following sub-heads: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. and j) k) m) n) p) 2) Average side of the square panel.0 mm/min ± 25 percent. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of the thickness of individual plies. and Density. Panel shear stress. Maximum load. d) Species of individual plies./reference. f ) End use of plywood. h) Size of the specimen: 1) Thickness.1983 4. percent.IS : 1734 (Part 13) . Rate of loading.3 Report — The panel shear stress. moisture content and density determinations shall be made as described in Method A (3). g) Specimen No. 3 . The movement of the cross-head of the testing machine shall be continuous at the rate of 2. 4.2 Procedure — The load shall be applied by compression across a diagonal. the moisture content and density of each specimen shall be reported. b) Type and grade of plywood. Shear stress calculations. Moisture content. e) Adhesive used. A suitable test apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.
2 ALTERNATE TEST SPECIMEN AND ARRANGEMENT FOR PANEL SHEAR TEST 4 . FIG. 1 TEST SPECIMEN AND APPARATUS FOR PANEL SHEAR TEST All dimensions in millimetres.IS : 1734 (Part 13) .1983 FIG.
29 14.11 11.08 7.50 17.1.45 17.50 19.62 63.92 38.00 152.16 Group III Woods ( Low Density Species ) 19.57 30.15 22.81 6.46 23.1983 .80 76.11 11.46 19.11 38.35 7.05 19.54 5.49 44.10 14.TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS OF PLYWOOD PANEL SHEAR SPECIMENS ( Clauses 3.50 23.22 22.08 7.40 9.84 23.22 22.35 6.46 17.54 5.50 17.00 9.40 7.92 31.40 4.50 25.87 19.40 25.87 19.84 23.62 10.2. 1 ) All dimensions in millimetres.62 5 IS : 1734 (Part 13) .94 9.16 12.08 7.08 7.00 152.16 12.35 7.70 15.24 2.52 9.24 (4) (5) (6) (7) 32 30 35 47 62 72 22 30 35 47 62 72 22 26 32 35 47 62 25.40 25. and Fig. PLYWOOD THICKNESS MAXIMUM MINIMUM ALLOWABLE BLOCK PANEL SIZE WIDTH W (BETWEEN BLOCKS) (2) (3) MINIMUM BLOCK THICKNESS t DIAMETER OF PINS d DIAMETER OF PIN HOLE OF DIAMETER ROLLERS D INNER EDGE OF BLOCK TO CENTRE LINE OF PIN HOLE a (8) 6.08 7.84 (1) 1.00 30.05 4.20 101.40 Group I Woods ( High Density Species ) 25.27 2.08 50.10 14.94 11.52 13.32 11.40 30.08 50.20 13.62 10.90 20.24 2.90 25.46 23.70 15.70 1.90 20.81 27. and 3.2.75 11.50 3.16 12.29 14.92 31.81 24.62 10.00 152.94 7.20 28.46 20.76 6. 3.91 15.16 12.35 25.40 50.87 19.29 13.1.35 6.52 10.94 7.27 2.22 22.70 1.52 13.35 6.40 6.60 127.80 19.80 76.22 22.24 63.40 76.20 101.35 25.70 13.24 57.54 5.80 17.2.81 6.40 7.16 Group II Woods ( Medium Density Species ) 25.70 15.54 5.94 9.16 12.08 7.62 10.35 7.60 127.70 to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to 2.24 63.50 22.90 15.40 50.62 10.16 12.20 101.40 25.54 5.00 9.94 11.60 127.35 25.54 5.00 76.35 6.75 14.81 27.91 15.27 2.50 13.81 END OF BLOCK TO CENTRE LINE OF PIN HOLE b (9) 9.84 23.00 30.94 11.76 6.91 12.91 15.62 10.29 15.94 9.
TEST SPECIMEN 3.1 This test is intended to evaluate the shearing modulus of elasticity of plywood. 2. Care shall be taken to avoid obtaining test specimens with initial curvature.1 This standard (Part 14) covers the methods of tests for the determination of plate shear strength.2 1. 4.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 14 DETERMINATION OF PLATE SHEAR STRENGTH ( Second Revision ) UDC 674-419.176. for specimens in which the grain is at 45° to the specimen edges if a four-ply panel with the plies of the same thickness is used. and loaded in a similar manner on the opposite ends of the other diagonal.1 Loading — The test specimen shall be supported on rounded supports having a radius of curvature not greater than 6 mm on the opposite ends of a plate diagonal. PROCEDURE 4.32 : 620. length and width of each specimen shall be measured to an accuracy of not less than ± 0.3 percent. In order that the loads may be BUREAU OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN . NOTE — This method of test is primarily designed for material in which the grain of the individual plies or laminations is parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the specimen. however. OBJECT 2. The controlling condition is that the value of EI (modulus of elasticity × moment of inertia) along both diagonals shall be equal.IS : 1734 (Part 14) . It may be used. The thickness. SCOPE 1. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 . The test specimen shall be square with the thickness equal to the thickness of the material and the length and width not less than 25 nor more than 40 times the thickness. The specimen shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.1 The grain direction of the individual plies shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edges of the test specimen ( see Note ). 3.
The load shall be applied with a continuous and uniform motion of the movable head at a rate of 0. metal plates shall first be attached as shown in Fig. 1 METHOD OF MAKING PLATE SHEAR STRENGTH TEST 4.IS : 1734 (Part 14) . These measurements shall preferably be made at the quarter points of the diagonals. care shall be taken to avoid locations near the plate corners to avoid the load and reaction effects.2 Deformation Measurements — The deformation shall be measured to the nearest 0.3 After the test. 2 . To eliminate the effects of slight initial curvature two sets of data shall be obtained. and increments of load shall be chosen so that not less than 12 and preferably 15 load deformation readings are taken. and if points other than these are chosen. the second set with the panel rotated 90° about an axis through the centre of the plate and perpendicular to the plane of the plies.003 times the length of the plate in cm expressed in cm/min within a permissible variation of ± 25 percent. 1.02 mm at two points on each diagonal equidistant from the centre of the plate.1983 applied at the corners. The plate shall not be stressed beyond its elastic range. a section shall be cut out of the plate and used to determine the moisture content and density of the specimen. 4. The two results shall be averaged to obtain the shear modulus for the plate. The loading and supporting frame shall be rigid. FIG.
G. and q) Density. NOTE — The average value of P and w are generally taken from the slope of a plotted load-deflection curve. f ) End use of plywood. REPORT 6.1983 5. CALCULATIONS 5. All the details shall be recorded under the following sub-heads: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. N/mm2 = -----------------3 2 h w where u = distance from the centre of the plate to the point where the deflection is measured in mm. the moisture content and density of each specimen shall be reported. n) Shear modulus of elasticity. if calculated otherwise./reference. P = load applied to each corner in N. j) Rate of loading. percent. k) Average distance from the centre to the point where the deflection is taken ( u ). 3 . c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies. h = thickness of the plate in mm. h) Size of the specimen. m) Average value of load/deflection ( P/w ) taken from the slope of the load-deflection curve.1 The shearing modulus of elasticity shall be calculated as follows: 3u P Shearing modulus. d) Species of individual plies. g) Specimen No. p) Moisture content. and w = deflection relative to the centre in mm.IS : 1734 (Part 14) .1 The shearing modulus of elasticity. e) Adhesive used. b) Type and grade of plywood. 2 6.
This frame shall then be supported horizontally on 4 pillars at its corners. 3.178.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 15 CENTRAL LOADING OF PLATE TEST ( Second Revision ) UDC 674-419.02 mm at equal increments of load by means of a dial gauge or scale fixed at the moving head of the machine. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 . The grain direction of face ply shall be parallel to the edge. and BUREAU OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN . 1A and 1B. The load shall be applied vertically at the centre on the top of plywood plate by means of a hemispherical steel ball of diameter 10 times the thickness of plywood. The mass may be determined to an accuracy of 0.32 : 620.003 times the length of the plate expressed in cm/min.1 This test is intended to make a comparative estimate of flexural rigidity (stiffness) of a plywood plate. 4.3 1. 4. SCOPE 1. The thickness ( h ) and the sides ( a ) shall be measured to an accuracy up to 0.1 mm. TEST SPECIMEN 3.1 Loading — The specimen shall be held in a frame shown in Fig.1 This standard (Part 15) covers central loading of plate test for plywood.01 g. and not more than 40 times the thickness.1 The test specimen shall be of a square shape with side not less than 25 times.2 Deflection Measurement — The deflection at the centre of the plate shall be taken to the nearrst 0. OBJECT 2. The test specimen shall be conditioned to a constant mass in a humidity chamber maintained at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.IS : 1734 (Part 15) . The test shall be carried until maximum load is reached and failure is indicated. Load shall be applied continuously and uniformly at a rate of 0. PROCEDURE 4. The deflection shall be plotted against load. 2.
1 The estimate of stiffness shall be calculated from the formula Pa --------dh 3 and reported for a particular type of the plywood.1 and 4. 4.IS : 1734 (Part 15) .3 Clamped Edges Test — If the plywood plate is required to be tested under central loading with clamped edges (all the four sides clamped) the specimen as described above shall be clamped firmly in a frame shown in Fig. load P and deflection d at elastic limit shall be recorded. 1A Frame for Holding Plywood Plate with ‘Simply Supported Edges’ FIG. In this case a is the internal distance from edge to edge.1983 maximum load P. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies. 5. 1C and tested as mentioned in 4. b) Type and grade of plywood.2 All the details shall be recorded under the sub-heads indicated below: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. 1 CENTRAL LOADING OF PLATE TEST — Contd 2 . 5. REPORT 2 5.2.
1 CENTRAL LOADING OF PLATE TEST 3 .IS : 1734 (Part 15) .1983 1B Plywood Plate in the Frame for ‘Simply Supported Edges’ 1C Plywood Plate in Frame Under ‘Clamped Edges’ FIG.
Size of specimen. dh 3 4 . j) Mass of specimen at 65 ± 5 percent relative humidity and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. and Pa 2 q) Stiffness factor --------. 1) Side.IS : 1734 (Part 15) .1983 d) e) f) g) h) Species of individual plies.simply supported/clamped edges. n) Deflection at elastic limit d. m) Load at elastic limit P. p) Maximum load P. Adhesive used./reference. Specimen No. 2) Thickness. k) Rate of loading. End use of plywood.
3.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 16 VIBRATION OF PLYWOOD PLATE TEST ( Second Revision ) UDC 1. SCOPE 1. OBJECT 2.1 This standard (Part 16) covers vibration of plywood plate test. The grain direction of face ply shall be parallel to the edge. An electromagnetic driver shall be placed just below the centre of the sample under the soft iron piece fixed to the sample. The electromagnet shall be energized by a calibrated oscillator and the sample shall be made to vibrate. The thickness ( h ) and the sides ( a ) shall be measured to an accuracy up to 0.IS : 1734 (Part 16) . METHOD A 3. The specimen shall then be held in the frame which will be held rigidly in any rig.32 : 620.53 MANAK BHAVAN .01 g. 2. The vibrations shall be packed up by means of an electromagnetic or piezoelectric pick-up and fed to a cathode ray oscillograph or ac millivoltmeter.178. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 .1 mm.1 Test Specimen — The test specimen shall be of a square shape with side not less than 25 times. The distance between soft iron piece and the electromagnet shall be suitably adjusted to get free vibrations. 3. and not more than 40 times the thickness. The test specimen shall be conditioned to a constant mass in a humidity chamber maintained at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. By varying the frequency of the BUREAU OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS 674-419.2 Procedure — A small thin soft iron piece shall be attached firmly at the centre of the specimen plate by means of ordinary glue or lac.1 This test provides a non-destructive method of estimating the resonant characteristics of the material and the stiffness of a plywood plate under dynamic conditions. The mass may be determined to an accuracy of 0.
h 2 2 . 1) Side a. the specimen plate shall be made to vibrate to resonance as may be indicated either in the input or in the output circuits. h) Size of specimen. 1.3 Report — The resonant frequency N shall be reported along with the other details of plywood under the sub-heads indicated below: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. d) Species of individual plies. g) Specimen No. f ) End use of plywood. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies. e) Adhesive used.1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR VIBRATION OF PLYWOOD PLATE TEST 3. reference. FIG. and 2) Thickness h. and Na m) Stiffness of plywood plate S = ---------. k) Resonant frequency N. j) Mass of specimen at 65 ± 5 percent relative humidity and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.IS : 1734 (Part 16) . b) Type and grade of plywood.1983 oscillator. A schematic diagram showing the arrangement for carrying out the vibration of plywood test is shown in Fig.
IS : 1734 (Part 16) . = fundamental resonant frequency in cycles per second (Hz).224 times its length with suitable end fixtures to simulate zero displacement conditions and these shall be excited to a known frequency through a variable frequency oscillator and a loudspeaker. = specimen mass in kg.1983 4. The resonant frequency shall be obtained using an oscilloscope.1 Procedure — Rectangular test specimen of size 70 × 30 cm shall be supported at two points located at a distance from each end equal to 0. care shall be taken to see that only the fundamental and not the higher harmonies are recorded. d = dynamic modulus of elasticity in bending in N/mm2.2 Calculation — The Young’s modulus of the specimen (in the grain direction) shall be determined from the observed values of the fundamental frequency by the following formula: f f l mg E = -------------------------1 036 bd 3 where E ff m l. METHOD B 4. 2 3 3 . A suitable pick-up shall be used above the surface or at the other end. 4. width and the thickness of the specimen in mm. = length. and g = acceleration due to gravity. placed below the specimen at the middle or at one end. b.
3 MANAK BHAVAN .5 cm for thickness less than 6 mm and 5 cm for thickness 6 mm or more. Loading shall be done at the centre of the span and along a line parallel to the end either by means of suitable lever arrangement ( see Fig.1 mm and mass shall be taken to an accuracy of 0.01 g. By using standard specimen construction and constant loading this method may also be used to evaluate creep behaviour of adhesives for use in plywood. 2. 2 ).IS : 1734 (Part 17) .3 Procedure 2. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 . The total mass of the BUREAU OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS 674-419.1 Object — The object of this test is to study the creep behaviour of plywood as well as adhesives used in plywood.1 This standard (Part 17) covers long time loading test of plywood strips to determine the creep behaviour of plywood and coefficient of sustained loading. 2. and the grain direction of the face plies shall be parallel to the length. LONG TIME LOADING TEST OF PLYWOOD STRIPS 2. The specimen shall be conditioned to a constant mass at 65 ± 5 percent relative humidity and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.178. The width shall be 2.2 Test Specimen — The specimen shall be rectangular and its thickness shall be the thickness of the plywood. The dimensions shall be measured to an accuracy of 0.3. SCOPE 1. 2.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 17 LONG TIME LOADING TEST OF PLYWOOD STRIPS ( Second Revision ) UDC 1. 1 ) or simply by means of an iron roller of about 5 mm diameter and carrying a stirrup ( see Fig.32 : 620. The length shall be 48 times the thickness plus 5 cm.1 The test specimen shall be simply supported on horizontal parallel iron rollers having a radius of about 5 mm placed at a distance centre-to-centre of 48 times the nominal thickness of the specimen.
calculated according to IS : 1734 (Part 11)-1983* on a similar type of specimen shall then be suspended from the stirrup directly or by means of lever arrangements and instantaneous deflection at the mid-point of the span (preferably at the neutral axis) shall be noted by means of a cathetometer or dial gauge placed suitably at the mid-point of the span.3. applied at a distance M from the pivot point.IS : 1734 (Part 17) .01 mm. Creep rate in millimetres per hour or millimetre per day shall be calculated for any portion of the curve (beyond initial deflection). 1 is used. B = distance from pivot point to centre of gravity of the loading arm.3. these shall be expressed as percentage of maximum load calculated according to IS : 1734 (Part 11)-1983*.+ p P = ---------------------------A where P = load applied to specimen.3.1983 roller and stirrup shall not be more than 250 g. including mass of tray. 2.2 When the test is to be conducted at an elevated temperature the apparatus including specimen (preferably wrapped in polyethylene sheet) shall be kept in the conditioning chamber maintained at the desired temperature and humidity. W = load. 2 . the estimation of load is done as below: WM + wB . p = mass of loading plate and rod. w = mass of lever arm. If the creep behaviour is required to be studied at different loads.4 Deflection shall then be noted every 10 minutes for about 2 hours. *Methods of test for plywood : Part 11 Determination of static bending strength ( second revision ). If the lever system shown in Fig. A curve between deflection and time t shall be plotted. The position assumed under this initial load after a period of 30 seconds shall be treated as the zero condition.3 Additional weights such that the total load is equal to 30 percent of maximum load. then hourly for another 5 hours and then twice daily for about a week or till failure has occurred. Deflection shall be measured correct to 0. then every half an hour for another 3 hours. and A = distance between pivot point and load point. 2. 2.
1983 FIG. 1 DIAGRAM SHOWING ARRANGEMENT FOR LONG TIME LOADING TEST OF PLYWOOD STRIP (LEVER ARRANGEMENT) .3 IS : 1734 (Part 17) .
2 DIAGRAM SHOWING ARRANGEMENT FOR LONG TIME LOADING TEST OF PLYWOOD STRIP (IRON ROLLER AND STIRRUP ARRANGEMENT) .IS : 1734 (Part 17) .1983 4 FIG.
h) Size of specimen. b) Type and grade of plywood. creep may be expressed as percentage of initial deflection. d) Species of individual plies.3. n) Mass of stirrup with roller (if loaded by dead loads). 1) Length. c) Construction of plywood in terms of the ratio of thickness of individual plies.against time t also provides useful data. A plot of --------------------d0 2.and t or deflection after aneous deflection or curve between --------------------d0 24 hours under load and residual deflection 24 hours after removal of load shall be reported with other details as below: a) Name of the manufacturer/source from whom the plywood is procured. j) Mass of specimen at 65 ± 5 percent relative humidity and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. 2) Width./reference. and 3) Thickness. dt – d0 Creep percentage of instantaneous deflection = --------------------. g) Specimen No. k) Span.5 If the creep data for longer periods is not required then the load shall be removed after 24 hours and after the lapse of a further period of 24 hours the residual deflection shall be noted.1983 For comparison. e) Adhesive used.× 100 d0 where dt = total deflection under constant load at time t. dt – d 0 .IS : 1734 (Part 17) . m) Temperature at which the test is done.4 Report — Creep rate or creep expressed as percentage of instantdt – d 0 . 2. and d0 = initial static deflection under the same load and the same temperature. f) End use of plywood. 5 .
and 4) 24 hours after removal of load. and dt – d0 . 3.. 1... determined according to IS : 1734 (Part 10)-1983† shall be used as constant load values for creep tests on a multiple testing fixture with several units as shown in Fig. 6 ... At least 10 specimens shall be loaded in this fixture simultaneously. A curve which is known as the sustained load shall be drawn through the points as shown in Fig. These times to failure shall be plotted against the respective constant load values expressed as percentage of the instantaneous breaking load.1983 * p) Description of arrangement of lever (if loaded by means of lever). q) Load added [expressed in percent of maximum load evaluated according to IS : 1734 (Part 11)-1983*]. *Methods of test for plywood : Part 11 Determination of static bending strength ( second revision ). a basement room.. Time shall be measured from the instant of loading and the times taken for the specimens to fail in creep under the action of the different constant loads shall be noted.and t.. s) Creep (percent of instantaneous deflection) ... called here as instantaneous breaking load. 3) Immediately after removal of load. 2) 24 hours after placing the load.. r) Deflection readings: 1) Immediately after placing the load. The coefficient of sustained loading Ks is defined as the ratio of the limit of sustained loading of plywood (σsust) to its instantaneous breaking load (σbr) σ sust K s = -----------σ br The value of Ks shall be reported to the nearest second decimal place..1 Loading — Several percentages of the ultimate breaking load.IS : 1734 (Part 17) . This fixture shall be kept in a room where the temperature and relative humidity do not fluctuate considerably over the entire duration of the test for example.. DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENT OF SUSTAINED LOADING 3.. at time . An asymptote to the sustained load curve intersects the load axis at a value known as the limit of sustained loading. t) Observations on the curve between --------------------d0 3. †Methods of test for plywood : Part 10 Determination of compressive strength ( second revision ).
3 SUSTAINED LOAD CURVE FOR PLYWOOD 7 .1983 FIG.IS : 1734 (Part 17) .
1 Steel Ball — The ball required for dropping on the surface of plywood shall be of 5 cm diameter and weighing 450 ± 25 g.1 This test affords a good means of quality assessment of resistance of the surface of plywood to impact and total panel to breakages by sudden blows. 3.1.7 MANAK BHAVAN .2 Dial Gauge — The dial gauge shall have least count of 0.32 : 620. SCOPE 1.IS : 1734 (Part 18) . 3. that is. 3. OBJECT 2. and panel impact resistance.178.1 This standard (Part 18) covers impact resistance test on the surface of plywood. shall also be noted.3 Procedure — The specimen shall be placed horizontally on a plane smooth platform.1 Equipment 3. If any indentation is noticed that shall be measured by the dial gauge.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 18 IMPACT RESISTANCE TEST ( Second Revision ) UDC 1. etc. IMPACT RESISTANCE ON SURFACE OF PLYWOOD 3.1. 3. 2. 3. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 .01 mm and shall be suitably fixed on a plane surface so as to measure maximum indentation. The steelball shall be allowed to fall freely from a height of 100 cm at any 5 different points on the surface of plywood.4 Report — Maximum indentation shall be reported and any cracking. depression perpendicular to the plane of the surface. tearing. BUREAU OF © BIS 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS 674-419.2 Test Specimen — The specimen of plywood shall be 20 × 20 cm in size and shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.
4. The combined mass of the rod. 4.IS : 1734 (Part 18) .3 Procedure — The panel shall be freely supported along all four edges and the hemisphere shall be made to strike the centre of the panel.1 Test Specimen — The specimen of plywood shall be 30 × 30 cm with the face grain parallel and perpendicular to the sides. 1. Fracture is indicated when the hemispherical end has penetrated the panel and is arrested by the flange of the cone. the mass shall be increased to 10 kg and the test be repeated from the height of 500 mm. cone and hemisphere shall be 5 kg.1983 4. The diameter of hemisphere shall be 5 cm. 4. PANEL IMPACT RESISTANCE TEST 4.4 The height of drop required to produce fracture shall be taken as the panel impact strength. the specimen does not fail with 5 kg mass from height up to 1 000 mm.5 In case. 4. The rod shall be dropped through heights increasing in increments of 10 mm until fracture of the panel occurs. The specimen shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. 2 .2 Apparatus — The test apparatus shall be as shown in Fig.
IS : 1734 (Part 18) - 1983
FIG. 1 IMPACT TEST APPARATUS
IS : 1734 (Part 19) - 1983
METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD
PART 19 DETERMINATION OF NAILS AND SCREW HOLDING POWER
UDC 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard (Part 19) covers the method of test for the determination of nails and screw holding power of plywood. 2. OBJECT 2.1 This test is intended to assess the nail and screw holding capacity of the plywood. 3. EQUIPMENT 3.1 The test shall be conducted on a suitable testing machine with an arrangement to pull the screw and nails so as to measure the maximum load required for complete withdrawal. 3.2 Nails shall be 50 mm long and 2.5 mm shank and shall be bright, galvanized, diamond pointed and shall have plain heads. These shall conform to IS : 723-1972*. 3.3 Screws shall be of 4 mm size and 5 cm in length and shall be galvanized gimlet pointed conforming to IS : 6761-1972†. 3.4 Each nail and screw shall be used only once. 4. TEST SPECIMEN 4.1 Plywood strips of 5 × 25 cm shall be glued one over the other as to give total thickness of more than 5 cm. Grain direction of the face ply shall be parallel to length. After conditioning the specimen to constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C, two nails and two screws mentioned in 3.2 and 3.3 shall be
*Specification for steel countersunk head wire nails ( second revision ). †Specification for countersunk head screws with hexagon socket.
674-419.32 : 620.17 : 621.886.2 : 621.882.2
© BIS 1984 INDIAN
IS : 1734 (Part 19) - 1983 driven to a total penetrative of 25 mm exactly at right angle to the surface of the plywood specimen at a regular distance of 5 cm on the middle line of the surface. In the case of screw a prebore of 2.5 mm diameter shall be made. 5. PROCEDURE 5.1 The specimen shall be placed on the testing machine and the nail or screw shall be withdrawn one at a time at a uniform rate of 2 mm/min until the nail or screw is pulled out completely. Maximum load for complete withdrawal of nail or screw shall be recorded. 6. REPORT 6.1 The average maximum load for withdrawal of nail or screw shall be reported for the particular type and grade of the plywood.
OBJECT 2.1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR PLYWOOD PART 20 ACIDITY AND ALKALINITY RESISTANCE TEST ( Second Revision ) UDC 1.32 : 620. This solution shall be termed as 5 percent acid solution. if the containers are made of the material for storing such chemicals then an appropriate protective treatment shall be given. SCOPE 1. TEST SPECIMEN 4. While wood is fairly resistant to acid having pH more than or equal to 2. strength tests are necessary.2 Dissolve 1 g of pure sodium carbonate (anhydrous) in 100 g distilled water in a clean beaker stirring by a glass rod.25/.193. PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS FOR TEST 3.1 This standard (Part 20) covers acidity and alkalinity resistance test. This solution shall be termed as 1 percent alkaline solution. NOTE — For testing plywood for use in containers to hold acids or alkalis. So. These shall be preconditioned to a constant mass at a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. it is not so resistant to alkalis above pH of 11.1 Dissolve 5 g of chemically pure glacial acetic acid in 100 g distilled water in a clean beaker stirring by a glass rod. 674-419.26 3.5 cm square size shall be prepared from each type of the plywood sheet. 3. 4. 2. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 OF STANDARDS . © BIS 1984 INDIAN BUREAU MANAK BHAVAN .1 The object of this test is to assess the resistance of plywood surface against mild acidic or alkaline reaction of the material packed in plywood containers.IS : 1734 (Part 20) .1 Four specimens of 7.
Care shall be taken that the specimens are properly marked for acidic and alkaline test. 2 . 6. The wet part of the specimens shall be covered by a watch-glass for 6 hours. softening and for any remarkable change in colour or lustre. After the lapse of 6 hours the specimen shall be washed with water and dried at a room temperature for 24 hours.IS : 1734 (Part 20) . softening or any remarkable change in colour or lustre shall be reported separately for acidic and alkaline tests. PROCEDURE 5. blister. delamination.1 All the 4 specimens shall be placed horizontally on separate tables.1 Any visible damage. delamination. crack. crack.1983 5. On the surface of two specimens about 2 ml of acid solution and on the surface of other two specimens about 2 ml of alkaline solution mentioned in 3 shall be dropped. The affected surface shall be examined under oblique light for any blister. REPORT 6. that is.
Part 3 Part 3 Part 4 Part 4 Part 4 Part 6 Part 6 Part 7 Amend No. such as symbols and sizes. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. T. Road. NALAGARH. 323 94 02 Regional Offices: Central Eastern : Manak Bhavan. marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. E9 MIDC. Marol. it is taken up for revision. 2 Amd. 1 Amd. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications). PUNE. 323 33 75. Standards are also reviewed periodically. Telephones: 323 01 31. 337 91 20  60 38 43   60 20 25  235 02 16. Sector 34-A. COIMBATORE. No. HYDERABAD. New Delhi 110002. No. in the course of implementing the standard. I. FARIDABAD. JAIPUR. type or grade designations. BHOPAL. KANPUR. BIS. RAJKOT. 3 Amd. T. 235 23 15  832 92 95. CHANDIGARH 160022 Southern : C. 832 78 92 Northern : SCO 335-336. 1 Amd. 1 Date of Issue October 1987 January 1999 December 1998 November 2002 August 2005 March 1992 January 2005 December 2004 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan. Scheme VII M. GUWAHATI. CHENNAI 600113 Western : Manakalaya. Amd.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act. No. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. of necessary details. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’. 2 Amd. Andheri (East) MUMBAI 400093 BANGALORE. LUCKNOW. IV Cross Road. I. This does not preclude the free use. No. 832 78 58   832 78 91. No. GHAZIABAD. PATNA. VISHAKHAPATNAM . a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed. 235 04 42   235 15 19. No. 1 Amd. No. Kankurgachi KOLKATA 700054 Telegrams: Manaksanstha (Common to all offices) Telephone  323 76 17   323 38 41  337 84 99. Branches : AHMEDABAD. P. BHUBANESHWAR. 2 Amd. 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization. This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee : BDC 20 and amended by CED 20 Amendments Issued Since Publication Parts No. Campus. NAGPUR. I. V. if the review indicates that changes are needed. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. No. 337 85 61   337 86 26. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg NEW DELHI 110002 : 1/14 C. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.
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