Source: https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?mc=true&node=ap40.2.51_11319.s&rgn=div9
Timestamp: 2020-08-07 21:38:58
Document Index: 571563403

Matched Legal Cases: ['§51', '§51', '§51', 'art.\n25', '§51', '§51', '§51', '§51', '§51', '§51', '§52', '§51', '§52', 'art 60', 'art 61', 'art 63', '§70', 'art 51', 'art 51']

2. (i) Building, structure, facility or installation means all of the pollutant-emitting activities which belong to the same industrial grouping, are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, and are under the control of the same person (or persons under common control) except the activities of any vessel. Pollutant-emitting activities shall be considered as part of the same industrial grouping if they belong to the same “Major Group” (i.e., which have the same two digit code) as described in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1972, as amended by the 1977 Supplement (U.S. Government Printing Office stock numbers 4101-0066 and 003-005-00176-0, respectively).
(ii) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph II.A.2(i) of this section, building, structure, facility or installation means, for onshore activities under SIC Major Group 13: Oil and Gas Extraction, all of the pollutant-emitting activities included in Major Group 13 that are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, and are under the control of the same person (or persons under common control). Pollutant emitting activities shall be considered adjacent if they are located on the same surface site; or if they are located on surface sites that are located within 1⁄4 mile of one another (measured from the center of the equipment on the surface site) and they share equipment. Shared equipment includes, but is not limited to, produced fluids storage tanks, phase separators, natural gas dehydrators or emissions control devices. Surface site, as used in this paragraph II.A.2(ii), has the same meaning as in 40 CFR 63.761.
(7) 70 tons per year of PM2.5 in any serious nonattainment area for PM2.5.
(8) 70 tons per year of any individual PM2.5 precursor (as defined in paragraph II.A.31 of this Ruling) in any Serious nonattainment area for PM2.5.
(1) The source was capable of accommodating before December 21, 1976, unless such change would be prohibited under any federally enforceable permit condition which was established after December 21, 1976, pursuant to 40 CFR 52.21 or under regulations approved pursuant to 40 CFR subpart I or §51.166; or
(f) An increase in the hours of operation or in the production rate, unless such change is prohibited under any federally enforceable permit condition which was established after December 21, 1976 pursuant to 40 CFR 52.21 or under regulations approved pursuant to 40 CFR subpart I or §51.166;
10.(i) Significant means, in reference to a net emissions increase or the potential of a source to emit any of the following pollutants, a rate of emissions that would equal or exceed any of the following rates:
PM2.5: 10 tpy of direct PM2.5 emissions; 40 tpy of Sulfur dioxide emissions, 40 tpy of Nitrogen oxides emissions, or 40 tpy of Volatile organic compound emissions, to the extent that any such pollutant is defined as a precursor for PM2.5 in paragraph II.A.31 of this Ruling.
(vi) In any nonattainment area for PM2.5 in which a state must regulate Ammonia as a regulated NSR pollutant (as a PM2.5 precursor) as defined in paragraph II.A.31 of this Ruling, the reviewing authority shall define “significant” for Ammonia for that area and establish a record to document its supporting basis. All sources with modification projects with increases in Ammonia emissions that are not subject to Section IV of this Ruling must maintain records of the non-applicability of Section IV that reference the definition of “significant” for Ammonia that is established by the reviewing authority in the nonattainment area where the source is located.
20. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) is as defined in §51.100(s) of this part.
25. Nonattainment major new source review (NSR) program means a major source preconstruction permit program that implements Sections I through VI of this Ruling, or a program that has been approved by the Administrator and incorporated into the plan to implement the requirements of §51.165 of this part. Any permit issued under such a program is a major NSR permit.
(2) Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides are regulated as precursors to PM2.5 in all PM2.5 nonattainment areas.
(3) For any area that was designated nonattainment for PM2.5 on or before April 15, 2015, Volatile organic compounds and Ammonia shall be regulated as precursors to PM2.5 beginning on April 15, 2017, with respect to any permit issued for PM2.5, unless the following conditions are met: The state submits a SIP for the Administrator's review containing the state's preconstruction review provisions for PM2.5 consistent with §51.165 and a complete NNSR precursor demonstration consistent with §51.1006(a)(3); and such SIP is determined to be complete by the Administrator or deemed to be complete by operation of law in accordance with section 110(k)(1)(B) of the Act by April 15, 2017. If these conditions are met, the precursor(s) addressed by the NNSR precursor demonstration (Volatile organic compounds, Ammonia, or both) shall not be regulated as a precursor to PM2.5 in such area. If the Administrator subsequently disapproves the state's preconstruction review provisions for PM2.5 and the NNSR precursor demonstration, the precursor(s) addressed by the NNSR precursor demonstration shall be regulated as a precursor to PM2.5 under this Ruling in such area as of April 15, 2017, or the effective date of the disapproval, whichever date is later.
(4) For any area that is designated nonattainment for PM2.5 after April 15, 2015, and was not already designated nonattainment for PM2.5 on or immediately prior to such date, Volatile organic compounds and Ammonia shall be regulated as precursors to PM2.5 under this Ruling beginning 24 months from the date of designation as nonattainment for PM2.5 with respect to any permit issued for PM2.5, unless the following conditions are met: the state submits a SIP for the Administrator's review which contains the state's preconstruction review provisions for PM2.5 consistent with §51.165 and a complete NNSR precursor demonstration consistent with §51.1006(a)(3); and such SIP is determined to be complete by the Administrator or deemed to be complete by operation of law in accordance with section 110(k)(1)(B) of the Act by the date 24 months from the date of designation. If these conditions are met, the precursor(s) addressed by the NNSR precursor demonstration (Volatile organic compounds, Ammonia, or both) shall not be regulated as a precursor to PM2.5 in such area. If the Administrator subsequently disapproves the state's preconstruction review provisions for PM2.5 and the NNSR precursor demonstration, the precursor(s) addressed by the NNSR precursor demonstration shall be regulated as a precursor to PM2.5 under this Ruling in such area as of the date 24 months from the date of designation, or the effective date of the disapproval, whichever date is later.
32. Reviewing authority means the State air pollution control agency, local agency, other State agency, Indian tribe, or other agency issuing permits under this Ruling or authorized by the Administrator to carry out a permit program under §§51.165 and 51.166 of this part, or the Administrator in the case of EPA-implemented permit programs under this Ruling or under §52.21 of this chapter.
35. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permit means any permit that is issued under a major source preconstruction permit program that has been approved by the Administrator and incorporated into the plan to implement the requirements of §51.166 of this chapter, or under the program in §52.21 of this chapter.
B. Review of all sources for emission limitation compliance. The reviewing authority must examine each proposed major new source and proposed major modification1 to determine if such a source will meet all applicable emission requirements in the SIP, any applicable new source performance standard in part 60 or any national emission standard for hazardous air pollutants in part 61 or part 63 of this chapter. If the reviewing authority determines that the proposed major new source cannot meet the applicable emission requirements, the permit to construct must be denied.
1Hereafter the term source will be used to denote both any source and any modification.
C. Review of specified sources for air quality impact. In addition, the reviewing authority must determine whether the major stationary source or major modification would be constructed in an area designated in 40 CFR 81.300 et seq. as nonattainment for a pollutant for which the stationary source or modification is major.
A. This section applies only to major sources or major modifications which would locate in an area designated in 40 CFR 81.300 et seq. as attainment or unclassifiable in a State where EPA has not yet approved the State preconstruction review program required by 40 CFR 51.165(b), if the source or modification would exceed the following significance levels at any locality that does not meet the NAAQS:
2The discussion in this paragraph is a proposal, but represents EPA's interim policy until final rulemaking is completed.
Condition 1. The new source is required to meet a more stringent emission limitation3 and/or the control of existing sources below allowable levels is required so that the source will not cause a violation of any NAAQS.
3If the reviewing authority determines that technological or economic limitations on the application of measurement methodology to a particular class of sources would make the imposition of an enforceable numerical emission standard infeasible, the authority may instead prescribe a design, operational or equipment standard. In such cases, the reviewing authority shall make its best estimate as to the emission rate that will be achieved and must specify that rate in the required submission to EPA (see Part V). Any permits issued without an enforceable numerical emission standard must contain enforceable conditions which assure that the design characteristics or equipment will be properly maintained (or that the operational conditions will be properly performed) so as to continuously achieve the assumed degree of control. Such conditions shall be enforceable as emission limitations by private parties under section 304. Hereafter, the term emission limitation shall also include such design, operational, or equipment standards.
A. Conditions for approval. If the reviewing authority finds that the major stationary source or major modification would be constructed in an area designated in 40 CFR 81.300 et seq as nonattainment for a pollutant for which the stationary source or modification is major, approval may be granted only if the following conditions are met:
Condition 1. The new source is required to meet an emission Limitation4 which specifies the lowest achievable emission rate for such source.
4If the reviewing authority determines that technological or economic limitations on the application of measurement methodology to a particular class of sources would make the imposition of an enforceable numerical emission standard infeasible, the authority may instead prescribe a design, operational or equipment standard. In such cases, the reviewing authority shall make its best estimate as to the emission rate that will be achieved and must specify that rate in the required submission to EPA (see Part V). Any permits issued without an enforceable numerical emission standard must contain enforceable conditions which assure that the design characteristics or equipment will be properly maintained (or that the operational conditions will be properly performed) so as to continuously achieve the assumed degree of control. Such conditions shall be enforceable as emission limitations by private parties under section 304. Hereafter, the term emission limitation shall also include such design, operational, or equipment standards.
Condition 2. The applicant must certify that all existing major sources owned or operated by the applicant (or any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the applicant) in the same State as the proposed source are in compliance with all applicable emission limitations and standards under the Act (or are in compliance with an expeditious schedule which is Federally enforceable or contained in a court decree).
Condition 3. Emission reductions (offsets) from existing sources5 in the area of the proposed source (whether or not under the same ownership) are required such that there will be reasonable progress toward attainment of the applicable NAAQS.6 Except as provided in paragraph IV.G.5 of this Ruling (addressing PM2.5 and its precursors), only intrapollutant emission offsets will be acceptable (e.g., hydrocarbon increases may not be offset against SO2 reductions).
5Subject to the provisions of paragraph IV.C of this Ruling.
6The discussion in this paragraph is a proposal, but represents EPA's interim policy until final rulemaking is completed.
5. Interpollutant offsetting, or interpollutant trading or interprecursor trading or interprecursor offset substitution. In meeting the emissions offset requirements of paragraph IV.A, Condition 3 of this Ruling, the emissions offsets obtained shall be for the same regulated nonattainment NSR pollutant unless interprecursor offsetting is permitted for a particular pollutant as specified in this paragraph IV.G.5 and the reviewing authority chooses to review such trading on a case by case basis as described in this section.
(i) A reviewing authority may choose to satisfy the offset requirements of paragraph IV.A, Condition 3 of this Ruling for emissions of the ozone precursors NOX and VOC by offsetting reductions of emissions of either precursor, if all other requirements contained in this Ruling for such offsets are also satisfied. For a specific permit application, if the implementation of IPT is acceptable by the reviewing authority, the permit applicant shall submit to the reviewing authority for approval a case-specific permit IPT ratio for determining the required amount of emissions reductions to offset the proposed emissions increase when considered along with the applicable offset ratio as specified in paragraphs IV.G.2 through 4 of this Ruling. As part of the ratio submittal, the applicant shall submit the proposed permit-specific ozone IPT ratio to the reviewing authority, accompanied by the following information:
(a) A description of the air quality model(s) that were used to propose a case-specific ratio; and
(b) The proposed ratio for the precursor substitution and accompanying calculations; and
(c) A modeling demonstration showing that such ratio(s) as applied to the proposed project and credit source will provide an equivalent or greater air quality benefit with respect to ground level concentrations in the ozone nonattainment area than an offset of the emitted precursor would achieve.
(ii) The offset requirements of paragraph IV.A, Condition 3 of this Ruling for direct PM2.5 emissions or emissions of precursors of PM2.5 may be satisfied by offsetting reductions of direct PM2.5 emissions or emissions of any PM2.5 precursor identified under paragraph II.A.31 (iii) of this Ruling if such offsets comply with an interprecursor trading hierarchy and ratio approved by the Administrator.
7. The owner or operator of the source shall make the information required to be documented and maintained pursuant to this paragraph IV.J of this Ruling available for review upon a request for inspection by the reviewing authority or the general public pursuant to the requirements contained in §70.4(b)(3)(viii) of this chapter.
(1) Reductions from sources controlled by the source owner (internal emission offsets); and/or (2) reductions from neighboring sources (external emission offsets). The source does not have to investigate all possible emission offsets. As long as the emission offsets obtained represent reasonable progress toward attainment, they will be acceptable. It is the reviewing authority's responsibility to assure that the emission offsets will be as effective as proposed by the source. An internal emission offset will be considered enforceable if it is made a SIP requirement by inclusion as a condition of the new source permit and the permit is forwarded to the appropriate EPA Regional Office.7 An external emission offset will not be enforceable unless the affected source(s) providing the emission reductions is subject to a new SIP requirement to ensure that its emissions will be reduced by a specified amount in a specified time. Thus, if the source(s) providing the emission reductions does not obtain the necessary reduction, it will be in violation of a SIP requirement and subject to enforcement action by EPA, the State and/or private parties.
7The emission offset will, therefore, be enforceable by EPA under section 113 as an applicable SIP requirement and will be enforceable by private parties under section 304 as an emission limitation.
Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting appendix S to part 51, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.
Effective Date Note: At 76 FR 17554, Mar. 30, 2011, part 51, appendix S, paragraph II.A.5 (vii) is stayed indefinitely.