Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US6979196
Timestamp: 2018-02-19 06:28:29
Document Index: 656577804

Matched Legal Cases: ['application No. 60', 'application No. 60', 'art 1', 'art 2', 'art 3', 'art 4']

US6979196B2 - Systems and methods for automated bite-setting of tooth models - Google Patents
Systems and methods for automated bite-setting of tooth models
US6979196B2
US6979196B2 US10176805 US17680502A US6979196B2 US 6979196 B2 US6979196 B2 US 6979196B2 US 10176805 US10176805 US 10176805 US 17680502 A US17680502 A US 17680502A US 6979196 B2 US6979196 B2 US 6979196B2
US10176805
US20030235803A1 (en )
A method to bite set a dental model includes: scanning upper and lower arches of the dental model; scanning the upper and lower arches in their bite position; and aligning the upper and lower arches.
This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/702,360, filed on Oct. 30, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No 6,726,478, and entitled “Systems and Methods for Bite-Setting Teeth Models and related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/169,276, filed on Oct. 8, 1998 now abandoned, and entitled “Computer Automated Development of an Orthodontic Treatment Plan and Appliance,” which claims priority from PCT application PCT/US98/12681, filed on Jun. 19, 1998, and entitled “Method and System for Incrementally Moving Teeth”, which claims priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/947,080, filed on Oct. 8, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,893, which claims priority from U.S. provisional application No. 60/050,342, filed on Jun. 20, 1997, all of which are incorporated by reference into this application.
The process of attaching the braces to teeth is tedious and painful to the patient. Additionally, each visit reduces “chair-time” available to the orthodontist that can be used for another patient.
In the above system, and in other computer-aided teeth treatment systems, as a first step, a digital data set representing an initial tooth arrangement is obtained, referred to hereinafter as the IDDS. The IDDS may be obtained in a variety of ways. For example, the patient's teeth may be scanned or imaged using well known technology, such as X-rays, three-dimensional x-rays, computer-aided tomographic images or data sets, magnetic resonance images, etc. Methods for digitizing such conventional images to produce data sets useful in the present invention are well known and described in the patent and medical literature. Usually, however, the present invention will rely on first obtaining a plaster cast of the patient's teeth by well known techniques, such as those described in Graber, Orthodontics: Principle and Practice, Second Edition, Saunders, Philadelphia, 1969, pp. 401–415. After the tooth casting is obtained, it can be digitally scanned using a conventional laser scanner or other range acquisition system to produce the IDDS. The data set produced by the range acquisition system may, of course, be converted to other formats to be compatible with the software which is used for manipulating images within the data set, as described in more detail below. General techniques for producing plaster casts of teeth and generating digital models using laser-scanning techniques are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,459. After scanning, computer models of teeth on an upper jaw and a lower jaw are generated. However, these models are not aligned relative to each other. Thus, a bite setting operation is manually performed using human operators.
The present invention includes a system, apparatus and computer-implemented method for bite setting a dental model. This is done by scanning upper and lower arches of the dental model; scanning the upper and lower arches in their bite position; splitting the scan of the arches in their bite position into two jaw models; and registering the bite.
FIGS. 4–6 are flow charts illustrating a process for bite-setting two jaws.
FIGS. 8–11 are computer images of an exemplary bite registration process using a cast model of a patient's teeth.
FIGS. 12–14 are flow charts illustrating a process for creating a proper occlusion between the two jaws.
FIG. 1 shows a skull 10 with an upper jawbone 22 and a lower jawbone 20. The lower jawbone 20 hinges at a joint 30 to the skull 10. The joint 30 is called a temporal mandibular joint (TMJ). The upper jawbone 22 is associated with an upper jaw 101, while the lower jawbone 20 is associated with a lower jaw 100. A computer model of the jaws 100 and 101 is generated, and a computer simulation models interactions among the teeth on the jaws 100 and 101. The computer simulation allows the system to focus on motions involving contacts between teeth mounted on the jaws. The computer simulation allows the system to render realistic jaw movements that are physically correct when the jaws 100 and 101 contact each other. The model of the jaw places the individual teeth in a treated position. Further, the model can be used to simulate jaw movements including protrusive motions, lateral motions, and “tooth guided” motions where the path of the lower jaw 100 is guided by teeth contacts rather than by anatomical limits of the jaws 100 and 101. Motions are applied to one jaw, but may also be applied to both jaws. Based on the occlusion determination, the final position of the teeth can be ascertained.
FIG. 2C shows one adjustment appliance 111, which is worn by the patient in order to achieve an incremental repositioning of individual teeth in the jaw, as described generally above. The appliance is a polymeric shell having a teeth-receiving cavity. This is described in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/169,036, filed Oct. 8, 1998, which claims priority from U.S. application Ser. No. 08/947,080, filed Oct. 8, 1997, which in turn claims priority from provisional application No. 60/050,352, filed Jun. 20, 1997 (collectively the “prior applications”), the full disclosures of which are incorporated by reference.
FIG. 14 describes the second implementation of the algorithm. This implementation is a ‘brute force’ approach, which can be more computationally lengthy, but is a cost effective approach. The direction to move the jaw is selected by using dental knowledge of the collision areas between the jaws (370). For example, each collision area exerts a force on the upper jaw. The direction of the force may be the average normal for the faces in the collision area. By using simple mechanical laws (Arnold, 1973, 1989), one creates a system of differential equations, and then solves them in a number of iterative steps (372). The process stops when it is impossible to move the upper jaw further down without introducing acceptable (i.e. smaller than a user-specified value) collision areas that cannot be achieved through translation and rotation (374). Thus, using one of these two methods, proper occlusion is achieved.
Scan Lower Arch using the Destructive Scanner or White Light Scanner.
Scan Upper Arch using the Destructive Scanner or White Light Scanner.
Wax Scan the Upper and Lower Arches in their bite position using White Light Scanner:
Place wax bite between upper and lower arches.
Align the upper and lower arches based on wax bite to indicate their normal bite position.
Remove wax bite.
Perform buccal scan of upper & lower arch in normal bite position without wax bite.
Split apart the upper and lower arch scans.
Register the bite using Geometry Matching.
Select a number of points on the object. By default the points are evenly distributed over the object.
Remove points that should not be taken into consideration.
For the array of points obtained, compute closest points on the jaw.
Compute the transformation that matches two points, one from each arch.
If points are acceptable, proceed to next iteration (i.e. repeat all steps listed above for the next set of points).
If points are unacceptable, modify the points by adjusting the initial approximation, remove the points that should not be taken into consideration, compute the closest points on the jaw, and then compute the transformation that matches two points, one from each jaw.
Exemplary pseudo-code to create a proper occlusion between the two jaw models is as follows:
Move the upper jaw closer to the lower, for example, in the Z axis direction.
Compute collisions.
Minimize the collision areas using an appropriate algorithm. Two potential implementations can be done:
Attempt to rotate or shift the upper jaw in all 5 degrees of freedom, with the Z direction excluded.
Select the position in which the collision area or any other appropriate measure (for example, collision volume) is minimal.
Minimize the collision areas using an appropriate algorithm.
Select the direction to move the jaw by using dental knowledge of the collision areas between the jaws.
Using mechanical laws, one creates a system of differential equations, which are used to reduce the collision area.
The process stops when it is impossible to move the upper jaw further down without introducing acceptable collision areas that cannot be achieved through translation and rotation.
FIG. 15 is a simplified block diagram of a data processing system 500. Data processing system 500 typically includes at least one processor 502 that communicates with a number of peripheral devices over bus subsystem 504. These peripheral devices typically include a storage subsystem 506 (memory subsystem 508 and file storage subsystem 514), a set of user interface input and output devices 518, and an interface to outside networks 516, including the public switched telephone network. This interface is shown schematically as “Modems and Network Interface” block 516, and is coupled to corresponding interface devices in other data processing systems over communication network interface 524. Data processing system 500 may include a terminal or a low-end personal computer or a high-end personal computer, workstation or mainframe. The user interface input devices typically include a keyboard and may further include a pointing device and a scanner. The pointing device may be an indirect pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, touch pad, or graphics tablet, or a direct pointing device such as a touch screen incorporated into the display. Other types of user interface input devices, such as voice recognition systems, may be used. User interface output devices may include a printer and a display subsystem, which includes a display controller and a display device coupled to the controller. The display device may be a cathode ray tube (CRT), a flat-panel device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), or a projection device. The display subsystem may also provide non-visual display such as audio output.
Storage subsystem 506 maintains the basic programming and data constructs that provide the functionality of the present invention. The software modules discussed above are typically stored in storage subsystem 506. Storage subsystem 506 typically comprises memory subsystem 508 and file storage subsystem 514. Memory subsystem 508 typically includes a number of memories including a main random access memory (RAM) 510 for storage of instructions and data during program execution and a read only memory (ROM) 512 in which fixed instructions are stored. In the case of Macintosh-compatible personal computers the ROM would include portions of the operating system; in the case of IBM-compatible personal computers, this would include the BIOS (basic input/output system). File storage subsystem 514 provides persistent (nonvolatile) storage for program and data files, and typically includes at least one hard disk drive and at least one floppy disk drive (with associated removable media). There may also be other devices such as a CD-ROM drive and optical drives (all with their associated removable media). Additionally, the system may include drives of the type with removable media cartridges. The removable media cartridges may, for example be hard disk cartridges, such as those marketed by Syquest and others, and flexible disk cartridges, such as those marketed by Iomega. One or more of the drives may be located at a remote location, such as in a server on a local area network or at a site on the Internet's World Wide Web. In this context, the term “bus subsystem” is used generically so as to include any mechanism for letting the various components and subsystems communicate with each other as intended. With the exception of the input devices and the display, the other components need not be at the same physical location. Thus, for example, portions of the file storage system could be connected over various local-area or wide-area network media, including telephone lines. Similarly, the input devices and display need not be at the same location as the processor, although it is anticipated that the present invention will most often be implemented in the context of PCS and workstations. Bus subsystem 504 is shown schematically as a single bus, but a typical system has a number of buses such as a local bus and one or more expansion buses (e.g., ADB, SCSI, ISA, EISA, MCA, NuBus, or PCI), as well as serial and parallel ports. Network connections are usually established through a device such as a network adapter on one of these expansion buses or a modem on a serial port. The client computer may be a desktop system or a portable system. Scanner 520 is responsible for scanning casts of the patient's teeth obtained either from the patient or from an orthodontist and providing the scanned digital data set information to data processing system 500 for further processing. In a distributed environment, scanner 520 may be located at a remote location and communicate scanned digital data set information to data processing system 500 over network interface 524. Fabrication machine 522 fabricates dental appliances based on intermediate and final data set information received from data processing system 500. In a distributed environment, fabrication machine 522 may be located at a remote location and receive data set information from data processing system 500 over network interface 524.
US10176805 2002-06-21 2002-06-21 Systems and methods for automated bite-setting of tooth models Active 2023-07-22 US6979196B2 (en)
US10176805 US6979196B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2002-06-21 Systems and methods for automated bite-setting of tooth models
US20030235803A1 true US20030235803A1 (en) 2003-12-25
US6979196B2 true US6979196B2 (en) 2005-12-27
ID=29734223
US10176805 Active 2023-07-22 US6979196B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2002-06-21 Systems and methods for automated bite-setting of tooth models
US (1) US6979196B2 (en)
US20040032978A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-19 Jiang Hsieh Automated optimization of medical 3D visualizations
US20040224286A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2004-11-11 Srinivas Kaza Systems and methods for bite-setting teeth models
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US20030235803A1 (en) 2003-12-25 application
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