Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US6537456?dq=5708422
Timestamp: 2017-02-26 03:43:24
Document Index: 108972880

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 02235899', 'Application No. 02235899', 'Application No. 61138486', 'Application No. 61138486', 'Application No. 6117235', 'Application No. 6117235']

Patent US6537456 - Method and apparatus for high efficiency reverse osmosis operation - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA process for treatment of water via membrane separation to remove hardness and non-hydroxide alkalinity by simultaneous removal in a weak acid cation exchange resin. The process includes ionization of sparingly ionizable components, such as silica, by adjusting the pH up to about 10.5 or higher. Their...http://www.google.com/patents/US6537456?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6537456 - Method and apparatus for high efficiency reverse osmosis operationAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6537456 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/242,249PCT numberPCT/US1997/014239Publication dateMar 25, 2003Filing dateAug 12, 1997Priority dateAug 12, 1996Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020125191Publication number09242249, 242249, PCT/1997/14239, PCT/US/1997/014239, PCT/US/1997/14239, PCT/US/97/014239, PCT/US/97/14239, PCT/US1997/014239, PCT/US1997/14239, PCT/US1997014239, PCT/US199714239, PCT/US97/014239, PCT/US97/14239, PCT/US97014239, PCT/US9714239, US 6537456 B2, US 6537456B2, US-B2-6537456, US6537456 B2, US6537456B2InventorsDebasish MukhopadhyayOriginal AssigneeDebasish MukhopadhyayExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (63), Non-Patent Citations (96), Referenced by (175), Classifications (44), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and apparatus for high efficiency reverse osmosis operation
A pilot water treatment system was set up to test the efficacy of the method disclosed disclosed. The pilot water treatment system was designed for treating an incoming raw city water supply to provide high purity product water for potential future use in a semi-conductor manufacturing plant. The objectives were (a) to increase recovery, so as to minimize water usage, (b) to increase the purity of treated water, and (c) to increase the average time between membrane cleanings. The pilot system performed a series of tests. In each of the tests, the system was started up with 450 ppm or higher silica level in the RO reject. The pilot plant system was operated continuously until either (a) a ten percent (10%) decline in normalized RO permeate water flow was experienced, or (b) a fifteen percent (156) increase in axial differential pressure across the RO membrane was reached. The pilot test was performed with a membrane separation unit including a Dow/Filmtec RO Membrane Model FT30/BW4040, which was operated at pressures from about 130 psig to about 185 psig, with feedwater temperatures ranging from about 200° C. to about 25° C., and at feedwater rates of up to about 8 US gallons per minute (30 liters per minute) maximum. As seen in FIG. 6, long term normalized permeate flows of slightly more than 5 US gallons per minute (about 20 liters per minute) were tested. The pilot test apparatus included a pair of weak acid cation ion exchange beds operated in parallel, utilizing Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, Pa.) weak acid cation resin product number IRC-86, followed by a forced air decarbonator, sodium hydroxide injection, separation of the treated feedwater by the RO membrane into a reject stream and a permeate stream.
In naturally occurring waters and at near-neutral pH range (6-8), silica is primarily present as orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4). Orthosilicic acid, commonly referred to as silicic acid, is one of the weakest acid species present in water. Silicic acid's first dissociation constant (i.e. the dissociation of the first proton from the total of four hydrogens) is approximately 2×10−10, corresponding to a pKa value of approximately 9.7 at ambient temperature and very low background ionic strength of the solution.
Solubility product (Ksp) of calcium carbonate is approximately 8.7×10−9 square molar at ambient temperature and very low ionic strength. Assuming 90 percent recovery across the RO is the goal, allowable maximum CaCO3 ion product of the RO feed is approximately 8.7×10−11 square molar. Further assuming 0.1 mg/l of calcium in the softened feedwater, the allowable maximum carbonate content of the RO feed is approximately 2.1 mg/l, all expressed as ions.
Magnesium hydroxide, with a Ksp of approximately 1.2×10−11 cubic molar, is in some ways even more demanding in terms of allowable residuals, since magnesium tends to leak earlier from the weak acid cation exchanger and, therefore, more care is needed to prevent magnesium hydroxide scale.
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210/638, 210/651International ClassificationC02F1/42, B01D61/04, C02F9/02, C02F1/32, C02F9/00, C02F1/66, B01D61/02, B01D61/58, C02F5/00, C02F1/44, B01D65/08Cooperative ClassificationY10S210/90, C02F1/66, B01D2321/164, C02F1/001, B01D61/48, C02F2001/427, B01D65/08, B01D2311/04, C02F2001/425, C02F1/32, B01D61/025, B01D61/58, C02F1/441, C02F5/00, C02F2103/04, B01D61/027, C02F2001/422, B01D61/04, B01D61/022, C02F9/00European ClassificationB01D61/58, B01D61/02B, B01D61/04, B01D65/08, C02F9/00, C02F1/44BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 18, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 11, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Oct 31, 2014REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedFeb 13, 2015FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Feb 13, 2015SULPSurcharge for late paymentYear of fee payment: 11RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services