Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2002098961A1/en
Timestamp: 2020-08-11 02:12:42
Document Index: 293089376

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art\n80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art\n80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'art 80', 'arts 80', 'art 80', 'arts 80', 'arts 80', 'arts 80', 'art.\n24']

WO2002098961A1 - Polymer powder coated roving for making structural composite - Google Patents
Polymer powder coated roving for making structural composite Download PDF
WO2002098961A1
WO2002098961A1 PCT/US2002/016431 US0216431W WO02098961A1 WO 2002098961 A1 WO2002098961 A1 WO 2002098961A1 US 0216431 W US0216431 W US 0216431W WO 02098961 A1 WO02098961 A1 WO 02098961A1
PCT/US2002/016431
2001-06-04 Priority to US60/295,707 priority
2001-08-22 Priority to US09/935,267 priority
2002-05-28 Application filed by Owens Corning filed Critical Owens Corning
2002-12-12 Publication of WO2002098961A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002098961A1/en
239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
229920000642 polymers Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 14
239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
239000002002 slurries Substances 0.000 claims description 26
238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 2
A polymer composite multiend roving material (41) used to make structural composite parts is comprised bundle of fibers (12) held together by a high integrity sizing composition and surrounded by a powder coating polymer material (20). The powder coating material is approximately 10-80% of the dry weight of the multiend composite roving weight. The multiend composite roving material may then be easily processed further to form a molded composite part (80) having good mechanical properties and high fiber content.
POLYMER POWDER COATED ROVING FOR MAKING STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Structural composites are well known and are used in a wide variety of applications that require plastic parts having a minimum threshold of mechanical properties such as strength and impact resistance while imparting cost savings in terms of manufacturing techniques and in terms of weight reduction. Examples of structural composites include sheet molding compound (SMC) and structural reaction injection molding (SRJJVI). Structural composites are typically made by introducing glass fiber or other reinforcing material to a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer material. The glass fiber and polymer material may be mixed together and formed into a composite part in a wide variety of methods, including compression molding and injection molding. Examples of structural composites include sheet molding compound (SMC) and structural reaction injection molding (SRJM).
Many problems exist with the technologies used to make structural composites and are inherent in the structural composites themselves. First, the thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer materials commonly used in these processes are typically solvent- based systems. As such, volatile organic content (VOC) maybe released to the atmosphere as the part is cured. Second, the process used to make the material is very complicated, thus adding to the manufacturing costs. For example, in a typical SRLM process, the reinforcement materials and polymer resin are introduced individually to the molding equipment and the part is molded, which adds to the cost of manufacture. Third, in these types of equipment, composite parts having an inadequately dispersed reinforcement material in the part is possible if the machine is calibrated inappropriately.
Finally, in injection molding processes, the amount of fiber content that may be loaded within the composite part is limited due to the process itself as is well known in the art. As polymer resins are typically more expensive than the reinforcement material, the cost of the composite part is correspondingly increased.
With regard to the VOC problem, one potential polymer system that may be used is a powder coating system. Powder coating system use aqueous slurries of polymer powder and water to introduce coatings to a part. Organic emissions are limited to additives that may help the polymer remain dispersed in the slurry and to help the resin flow during the curing step.
The above objects are accomplished by producing a unique powder coated composite roving material that is subsequently chopped, preformed, and introduced to a compression mold to form reinforced composite parts. A unique feature of the present invention is that the composite roving material is formed by introducing a powder coating to the outside fibers of a high integrity bundle of inorganic or organic fibers held together with a sizing composition. The powder coating is attached and partially melts around the outside fibers, leaving the internal fibers bundled together with the sizing composition. The fiber reinforced composite parts have higher fiber content than is generally found in other fiber-reinforced composites due to the fact that the part may be formed from one source, as compared with traditional techniques such as injection molding which involve introducing the reinforcement material and polymer resin separately. Further, the mechanical properties are improved due to higher reinforcement content in the composite part. Further, raw material costs are reduced by introducing higher amounts of reinforcement material in the composite part. Finally, molding costs are lessened due to simplified molding techniques involving only the chopped powder-coated composite material as compared with separate introduction of the reinforcement fibers and polymer resin to an injection mold. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon considering the following detailed description and appended claims, and upon reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is an end view of one strand of a composite roving material used to make a composite part according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram for making the composite roving of Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of one preferred way for making a composite part from the composite roving of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another preferred way for making a composite part from the composite roving material of Figures 1; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another preferred way for making a composite part from the composite roving material of Figure 1;
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram for making moldable chop to be used to make a composite part from the composite roving of Figure 1;
Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C illustrate weaving patterns that can be formed from the composite roving material of Figure 1 that may be subsequently molded into a composite part; and
Figure 8 depicts a table comparing various mechanical properties of composite parts having varying fiber contents according to the present invention with other traditionally available reinforced composite parts.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Referring now to Figure 1 , a powder coated composite multiend roving used for making a structural composite according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is depicted as 10. The roving 10 is comprised of bundle of fibers 12. The bundle of fibers 12 is comprised of a plurality of inner fibers 14 and a plurality of outer fibers 16 held together by a high integrity sizing composition 18. Preferably, the high integrity sizing composition comprises approximately 0.5 to 5% by weight of the total weight of the bundle of fibers 12. In addition, the bundle 12 contains between approximately 500 and 1100 filaments of inner fibers 14 and outer fibers 16 comprised of filaments that are approximately 8-16 microns in diameter. A powder coating polymer material 20 is introduced to the outer surfaces 22 of the outer fibers 16 such that the powder coating material substantially surrounds the bundle 12. Of course, some of the powder coating polymer material 20 enters within the bundle 12 during this introduction step. The powder coating material 20 is approximately 10-80% of the weight of the multiend composite roving 10 weight. The powder coating material 10 powder is appoximately 1-100 microns in diameter, with preferred ranges equaling 5-10 microns in diameter. The process for making the multiend roving material 10 is shown below in Figure 2. The multiend composite roving material 10 may then be processed further to form a molded composite part 80 as shown in Figure 3 below.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the sizing composition 18 is approximately 1% by weight of the total weight of the bundle 12 of fibers and the fiber bundle 12 is approximately 12 microns in diameter and contains approximately 800 individual filament fibers 14, 16. Also, the powder-coating polymer material 20 preferably comprises approximately 20-30% of the weight of the composite roving 10.
Suitable fibers 14, 16 that may be used in the present invention should be thermally stable at the temperatures involved in the consolidation step to make the composite structure. In addition, the fibers 14, 16 must have glass transition and melting temperature greater than room temperature. These fibers 14, 16 that are used may thus be of many different types, including glass fibers, carbon and graphite fibers, organic fibers, aramid fibers, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, hybrid fibers and combinations thereof that are well known in the art. Preferably, e-type glass, s-type glass, or carbon fibers are used as the reinforcing material. A high integrity sizing composition 18, by definition, maintains the individual fibers 14, 16 in a bundle 12 during processing. It therefore is not easy to filamentize the bundle 12 during processing. A low integrity sizing composition, by contrast, allows the bundle strands to easily filamentize. In the present invention, it is necessary to maintain the fibers 14, 16 in a bundle 12, thereby allowing only an outer surface 22 of the plurality of outer fibers 16 to be coated with the powder coating 20. During formation of the bundle, the bundle 12 is flattened out when wound on a tube that makes a forming cake (shown as 30 in Figure 2). Accordingly, an end view of the flattened bundle 12 provides a generally elliptical cross section. The elliptical cross section provides for greater surface area of the bundle 12 that is exposed to the powder coating material 20. Of course, in other embodiments, the cross sectional shape may be round or irregularly shaped as opposed to generally elliptical. The powder coating 20 that is used is made of a slurry or emulsion coating having a powdered polymer material. The powdered polymer material is a good wetting matrix resin that is capable of being applied as a dip coating at room temperature. The polymer powder coating material 20 should also be capable of melting, flowing, and curing when it is molded into a final composite part. Many different powdered polymers may be used, including polyesters, bisphenol type epoxies, novalac type epoxies, phenolics, acrylics, polyurethanes, hybrid polymers (for example, an epoxy polyester copolymer or a polyester triglycidylisocyanurate copolymer) and other thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers that exhibit good wetting and processability for making a structural composite part. In addition, the powder coating 20 may contain film formers that aid in attaching the powdered polymer material to the bundles 12. For example, polyurethanes may be used as film formers. Also, the powder coating 20 typically contains additives that aid in dispersing the powdered polymer material in the film former and water and in thickening the slurry to a desired thickness. One preferred powder coating slurry is shown below in Table 1. TABLE 1
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram for making the multiend composite roving 10 of Figure 1. Individual sized bundled fibers 12 are unrolled from a plurality of forming cakes 30 and introduced through a slurry bath containing the powder coating polymer material 20 dispersed in a slurry or emulsion. The aqueous powder coated slurry is approximately 40% solids and is adhered mostly to the outer fibers 16 of the bundle 12 to form the composite roving material 10. A stripper die 34, is used the meter the amount of powder coating 20 on the coated bundle 12. The amount of powder coating material 20 metered onto the bundle 12 is controlled by varying the size of the orifice (not shown) in the stripper die 34. The coated bundle 12 is then sent through a drying oven 36 to remove water from the powder coating material 20. The drying oven 36 should be maintained at a temperature hot enough to remove the water from the powder coating 20 but cool enough to prevent the powder coating material 20 from significant melting. The dried composite roving 10 is then cooled and wound up onto a multiend roving package 38 for further processing.
In alternative embodiments, a squeegee (not shown) may be used instead of or in conjunction with the stripper die 34 to meter the amount of powder coating 20 applied to the bundle 12. In addition, coated bundle 12 may simply be air dried as opposed to dried using a drying oven 36 as shown in Figure 2.
Referring now to Figure 3, a schematic diagram for making a composite part 80 from the composite roving material 10 is shown. The dried composite roving material 10 is unwound from the creel 38 and introduced to a chopper 39. The chopper 39 chops the composite roving material 10 onto a preform screen 37, thereby forming a preform 40 from the chopped composite roving material 41. A vacuum (not shown) may be used to ensure that the chopped roving material 41 falls onto the preform screen 39 in a manner consistent with the design of the composite part 80. The preform 40 is then heat consolidated to form a handleable preform. The handleable preform 40 containing the chopped roving material 41 is then placed in a heated press 42 and compression molded at a chosen pressure, preferably 300-1200 pounds per square inch (2068-8274 kilopascals), to form a composite part 80. The upper mold section 44 of the heated press 42 is maintained at an elevated temperature high enough to cause the powdered polymer coating 20 on the bundle 12 to melt, flow, and cure. Preferably, this elevated temperature is between 300°F and 450°F. During the curing process, the fiber bundles 12 flatten out as the high integrity sizing composition 18 melts slightly. This allows seepage of some of the powder coating material 20 within the inner fibers 14 and allows air removal from the composite part 80 to prevent the formation of voids, thereby giving the composite part 80 enhanced structural integrity. The upper mold section 44 and lower mold section 46 of the press 42 are held together a sufficient amount of time to ensure that the powder coated material 20 has completely reacted and to ensure that the fiber bundle 12 has compressed to its required thickness. The composite part 80 is then released from the mold 42 and cooled. In an alternate preferred process, as depicted in Figure 4, the composite roving material 10 is chopped in the presence of a hot air source device 54 which impacts the chopped composite roving material 41 as it leaves the chopping head of the chopper 39. The hot air source device 54 melts a portion of the powder coating material 20 on the powder coated roving material 10 to make them tacky without cure occuring. The tacky strands then impact a mold 52 with enough force and at sufficiently high temperature to keep the powder coating 20 warm without reversibly curing the powder coating material 20. Preferably, this is between 300°F and 360°F.
The chopper 39 is then removed and the mold 52 containing the chopped roving material 41 is placed in a press 60 and compression molded at a chosen pressure to form a composite part 80 as in Figure 3. The upper mold section 56 of the press 60 is maintained at an elevated temperature high enough to cause the powdered polymer coating 20 on the bundle 12 to melt, flow, and cure. Preferably, this elevated temperature is between 300°F and 450°F. During the curing process, the fiber bundles 12 flatten out as the high integrity sizing composition 18 melts slightly. This allows seepage of some of the powder coating material 20 within the inner fibers 14 and allows air movement within the composite part
80, thereby giving the composite part 80 better flow characteristics and enhanced structural integrity. The upper mold section 56 and lower mold section 58 of the press 60 are held together a sufficient amount of time to ensure that the powder coated material 20 has completely reacted and to ensure that the fiber bundle 12 has compressed to its required thickness. The composite part 80 is then released from the mold 52 and press 60 and cooled. Referring now to Figure 5, another preferred method for making a composite part
80 from the composite roving material 10 is shown. The dried composite roving material 10 is unwound from the creel 38 and introduced to a chopper 39. The chopper 39 chops the composite roving material 10 and drops it onto a moving belt 70. The chopped roving material 41 is then compacted and heated in a press 74 to form a sheet 76. The sheet 76 is then cut to an appropriate size and shape using a chopping blade 78.
One or more layers of the sheet 76 may then be placed into a press 86 and compression molded at a chosen pressure to form a composite part 80. The upper mold section 84 of the press 86 is maintained at an elevated temperature high enough to cause the powdered polymer coating 20 on the bundle 12 to melt, flow, and cure. Preferably, this elevated temperature is between 300°F and 450°F. During the curing process, the fiber bundles 12 flatten out as the high integrity sizing composition 18 melts slightly. This allows seepage of some of the powder coating material 20 within the inner fibers 14 and allows air movement within the composite part 80, thereby giving the composite part 80 better flow characteristics and enhanced structural integrity. The upper mold section 84 and lower mold section 82 of the press 86 are held together a sufficient amount of time to ensure that the powder coated material 20 has completely reacted and to ensure that the fiber bundle 12 has compressed to its required thickness. The composite part 80 is then released from the press 86 and cooled.
Referring now to Figure 6, a schematic diagram for making a moldable chop 110 is shown. Individual sized bundled fibers 12 are unrolled from a plurality of forming cakes
30 and introduced through a slurry bath containing the powder coating polymer material 20 dispersed in a slurry or emulsion. The aqueous powder coated slurry is approximately 40% solids and is adhered mostly to the outer fibers 16 of the bundle 12 to form the composite roving material 10. A stripper die 34, is used the meter the amount of powder coating 20 on the coated bundle 12. The amount of powder coating material 20 metered onto the bundle 12 is controlled by varying the size of the orifice (not shown) in the stripper die 34. The coated bundle 12 is then sent through a drying oven 36 to remove water from the powder coating material 20 that forms the composite roving material 10. The drying oven 36 should be maintained at a temperature hot enough to remove the water from the powder coating 20 but cool enough to prevent the powder coating material 20 from significant melting. The composite roving material 10 is then chopped to approximately one-half inch moldable chop 110 in length using a chopper 39 and stored in a container (not shown).
The moldable chop 110, at approximately one-half inch, is similar to or smaller in size than the chopped composite roving material 41 of Figures 3-5. This allows the chop 110 to be easily poured from the container into a mold for compression molding. This forms a composite part 80 (not shown) having good reinforcing characteristics.
Alternatively, the chop 110 could be layered onto the preform 40 as in Figure 3 to form a molded composite part 80 having different lengthed fibers for different reinforcing applications.
Referring now to Figures 7 A, 7B, and 7C, the composite roving material 10 of Figure 1 may be alternatively processed prior to a chopping steps as in Figures 3-6. Here, the composite roving material 10 may be woven, as shown in Figure 7 A, knitted, as described in Figure 7B, or braided, as described in Figure 7C, in a manner similar to what known in the fiberglass industry to form a fabric 120. One or more layers of the fabric 120 may then be placed in a mold and compression molded as described above in Figure 3 to form composite parts 80 having unique reinforcing characteristics.
While some seepage of the powder coating material 20 into the plurality of inner fibers 14 may occur when compression molding the composite part 80 as in Figures 3-6, 7A-7C, most of the powder coating material 20 is maintained along the outer surface 22 of the outer fibers 16 around the bundle 12. This is an important aspect of the present invention, as this arrangement produces composite parts 80 having good mechanical properties including impact resistance.
Figure 8 compares and contrasts mechanical properties of structural reaction injection molding ("SPJM"), sheet molding compound ("SMC"), 70% fiber composite part, and 75% fiber composite part according to the present invention. As seen in Figure 8, the composite parts 80 of the present invention had improved tensile strength, tensile modulus, flex stress, and impact resistance (both notched and unnotched Izod) as compared with similar size and shaped SRfM and SMC composite parts. Further, the higher fiber content in the composite part improved tensile modulus, flex stress, and impact resistance as compared with the lower fiber content composite parts.
In addition, the process used to make the composite parts 80 is simple, thus minimizing the manufacturing costs as compared with other structural composites. For example, in a typical SRHVI process, the reinforcement materials and polymer resin are introduced individually to the molding equipment and the part is molded, which adds to the cost of manufacture.
1. A composite roving (10) used for making structural composites comprising: a continuous fiber bundle (12) of a first fiber type, said continuous fiber bundle having a plurality of inner fibers (14) and a plurality of outer fibers (16) coupled together with a high integrity sizing material (18); and powder coating (20) applied to an outer portion (22) of said plurality of outer fibers.
2. The composite roving of claim 1, wherein said first fiber type is selected from the group consisting of e-type glass, s-type glass, carbon fiber, aramid fibers, synthetic fibers, and natural fibers.
3. The composite roving of claim 1, wherein said powder coating comprises between approximately ten and eighty percent by weight of the dry total weight the composite roving.
4. The composite roving of claim 1, wherein said powder coating comprises between approximately twenty and thirty percent by weight of the dry total weight the composite roving.
5. The composite roving of claim 1, wherein said powder coating is selected from the group consisting of a polyester powder coating, a bisphenol-type epoxy powder coating, a novalac epoxy powder coating, a phenolic powder coating, a hybrid epoxy and polyester powder coating, a polyurethane powder coating, and an acrylic powder coating.
6. The composite roving of claim 1, wherein said powder coating is a thermoplastic powder coating.
7. A method for forming a composite roving (10) for use in structural composites comprising the steps of: forming a sized fiber bundle (12) of a first type having high structural integrity; applying a first amount of an aqueous powder coating (20) to an outer portion (22) of said sized fiber bundle form a coated fiber bundle; and drying said coated fiber bundle to remove water from said aqueous powder coating.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of applying a first amount of an aqueous powder coating comprises the steps of: dipping said sized fiber bundle into an aqueous slurry of a powder coating material; and metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount comprises the step of metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount using a stripper die (34).
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount comprises the step of metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount using a squeegee.
11. A method for forming a structural composite part comprising the steps of: forming a sized fiber bundle (12) of a first type having high structural integrity, said sized fiber bundle comprising a plurality of inner fibers (14) and a plurality of outer fibers (16) and a high integrity sizing composition (18); applying a first amount of an aqueous powder coating (20 to an outer portion (220 of said plurality of outer fibers to form a coated fiber bundle; and drying said coated fiber bundle to form a composite roving (41), wherein the weight of said plurality of inner fibers and said plurality of outer fibers within said composite roving comprises between approximately ten and eighty percent of the dry total weight of said coated fiber bundle; chopping said composite roving into a plurality of chopped strands having a first length; and compression molding said plurality of chopped strands to a desired shape to form the structural composite part (80).
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of applying a first amount of an aqueous powder coating comprises the steps of: dipping said sized fiber bundle into an aqueous slurry of a powder coating material; and metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount comprises the step of metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount using a stripper die (34).
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount comprises the step of metering the amount of said aqueous slurry applied to said sized fiber bundle to a first amount using a squeegee.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of drying said coated fiber bundle to form a composite roving comprises the step of air-drying said coated fiber bundle to form a composite roving, wherein the weight of said plurality of inner fibers and said plurality of outer fibers within said composite roving after the drying step comprises between approximately ten and eighty percent of the total dry weight of said coated fiber bundle.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of drying said coated fiber bundle to form a composite roving comprises the step of heating said coated fiber bundle in a drying oven (36) to remove a quantity of water from said aqueous powder coating to form a composite roving, wherein the weight of said plurality of inner fibers and said plurality of outer fibers within said composite roving after the drying step comprises between approximately ten and eighty percent of the total dry weight of said coated fiber bundle.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of drying said coated fiber bundle to form a composite roving comprises the step of air-drying said coated fiber bundle to remove a quantity of water from said aqueous powder coating to form a composite roving, wherein the weight of said plurality of inner fibers and said plurality of outer fibers within said composite roving after the air-drying step comprises between approximately ten and eighty percent of the total weight of said coated fiber bundle.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of chopping said composite roving into a plurality of chopped strands comprising the steps of chopping said composite roving in the presence of a hot air source device (54), wherein said hot air source device partially melts and tackifies said powder coating material on said composite roving; and impacting said composite roving on a mold surface with sufficiently high temperature to keep said powder coating material tackified without reversibly curing said powder coating material.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step compression molding said plurality of chopped strands to a desired shape to form the structural composite part comprises the steps of: placing said plurality of chopped stands onto a preforming screen (39) to form a preform; heat consolidating said preform to form a handleable preform (40); placing said handleable preform between a lower mold section (46) and an upper mold section (44) of a press (42); compressing said handleable preform between said lower mold section and said upper mold section of said press for a predetermined amount of time at a predetermined pressure and at a predetermined elevated temperature of said upper mold section sufficient to melt, flow and cure a powder coating material contained within said composite roving to form the structural composite part (80); and releasing the structural composite part from said press.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein said predetermined elevated temperature is between approximately 300°F and 450°F and said predetermined pressure is between
' approximately 300 and 1200 pounds per square inch (2068 and 8274 kilopascals).
21. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step compression molding said plurality of chopped strands (41) to a desired shape to form the structural composite part comprises the steps of: placing said plurality of chopped stands onto a moving belt (70); compacting and heating said plurality of chopped strands to form a preform; cutting said preform to a desired size and shape; placing at least one layer (76) of said preform between a lower mold section (82) and an upper mold section (84) of a press (86); compressing said preform between said lower mold section and said upper mold section of said press for a predetermined amount of time at a predetermined pressure and at a predetermined elevated temperature of said upper mold section sufficient to melt, flow and cure a powder coating material contained within said composite roving to form the structural composite part (80); and releasing the structural composite part from said press.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein said predetermined elevated temperature is between approximately 300°F and 450°F and said predetermined pressure is between approximately 300 and 1200 pounds per square inch (2068 and 8274 kilopascals).
23. A method for forming a structural composite part (80)comprising the steps of: forming a sized fiber bundle (12) of a first type having high structural integrity, said sized fiber bundle comprising a plurality of inner fibers (14) and a plurality of outer fibers (16) and a high integrity sizing composition (18); applying a first amount of an aqueous powder coating (20) to an outer portion (22) of said plurality of outer fibers to form a coated fiber bundle; and drying said coated fiber bundle to form a composite roving (41), wherein the weight of said plurality of inner fibers and said plurality of outer fibers within said composite roving comprises between approximately ten and eighty percent of the dry total weight of said coated fiber bundle; coupling a plurality of strands of said composite roving to form a fabric (120); placing at least one layer of said fabric in a mold; and compression molding said at least one layer of fabric at a predetermined temperature and a predetermined pressure to form the structural composite part.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of coupling a plurality of strands of said composite roving to form a fabric comprises the step of weaving a plurality of strands of said composite roving to form a fabric.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of coupling a plurality of strands of said composite roving to form a fabric comprises the step of knitting a plurality of strands of said composite roving to form a fabric.
26. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of coupling a plurality of strands of said composite roving to form a fabric comprises the step of braiding a plurality of strands of said composite roving to form a fabric.
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