Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2009013270A1/en
Timestamp: 2018-06-24 10:49:47
Document Index: 207235912

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 12', 'art 14', 'art 12', 'art 14', 'art 12', 'arts 14', 'art 12', 'art 114', 'art 114', 'art 114', 'art 114', 'art 12', 'art 174', 'art 204', 'art 16', 'art 212', 'art 220', 'arts 220', 'art 114', 'art 220', 'art 222', 'art 220', 'art 228', 'art 222', 'art 230', 'arts 220', 'arts 228', 'art\n116', 'art\n176', 'art\n206', 'art\n214', 'art 222', 'art\n230', 'art\n232']

WO2009013270A1 - Free-piston device and method for controlling and/or regulating a free-piston device - Google Patents
Free-piston device and method for controlling and/or regulating a free-piston device
WO2009013270A1
WO2009013270A1 PCT/EP2008/059531 EP2008059531W WO2009013270A1 WO 2009013270 A1 WO2009013270 A1 WO 2009013270A1 EP 2008059531 W EP2008059531 W EP 2008059531W WO 2009013270 A1 WO2009013270 A1 WO 2009013270A1
PCT/EP2008/059531
Jürgen Gräf
F01B11/007—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in only one direction is obtained by a single acting piston motor, e.g. with actuation in the other direction by spring means
F01B11/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type with direct fluid transmission link
The invention relates to a free-piston device, comprising at least one piston chamber, at least one piston assembly linearly moving in the corresponding piston chamber, said piston having a first piston surface as well as a second piston surface facing away from the first piston surface. The piston chamber includes an expansion space delimited by the first piston surface. The piston device can be driven by the action of a medium expanding in the expansion space. A recovery space in the piston chamber or chambers is delimited by the second piston surface and is connected through fluid action with at least one precompression chamber.
Free-piston device and method for controlling and / or regulating a free-piston device
The invention relates to a free-piston device, comprising at least one piston receiving at least one linearly movable in the corresponding piston accommodating piston means having a first piston surface and a second piston surface facing away from the first piston surface, and an expansion space defined within the piston cavity which is limited by the first piston surface , wherein the piston device is drivable under the WIR effect of a medium, which expands in the expansion space.
The invention further relates to a method for controlling and / or regulating a free piston device which comprises a piston receiving a linearly movable in the piston receiving piston means and a return spring chamber up.
for example, chemical energy via combustion through a free piston device can be partially converted to mechanical energy, namely kinetic energy of a piston device, and this mechanical energy can then, in turn, via a linear drive convert at least partially into electrical energy. Through a configuration of the piston movement as a free piston movement, a pure linear movement of the piston can be realized without a crankshaft must be provided.
Corresponding devices can be used for example as part of hybrid drives for motor vehicles and in particular in connection with serial hybrid concepts. They can also be as compact power generation unit for generating electricity using or in connection with stationary applications such as combined heat and power plants use. Free-piston devices are known for example from GB 854 255 and DE 22 17 194 C3.
Combustion devices with electrical generators are also known from US 6,199,519 Bl, DE 31 03 432 Al, the East German Pat. No. 113,593, DE 43 44 915 Al or from the article "Advanced internal combustion engine research" by P. van Barrigan , Proceedings of the 2000 DOE hydro- gene Program Review, announced.
From DE 102 19 549 B4 is a free-piston device with an electric
Linear drive known which comprises at least one piston seat having at least one linearly movable disposed in the piston receiving the piston means, said piston means includes a rotor assembly and a stator is arranged on the piston seat. The at least one piston means under the action of a medium that expands in an expansion space, can be driven, whereby the piston via the linear drive is adjustable in such a way that the dead centers of the movement of the piston means are definable.
Another free-piston device with an electric linear drive is described in WO 01/45977 A2.
From EP 1398863 Al a free-piston device is known in which a first displacement space, in which a piston in the at least one piston device, upon which the medium acts, is movable, and a second displacement space, in which the associated rotor device is movable, separate rooms are. From DE 197 81 913 Tl, a method for controlling the movement of a linear generator is known, wherein the linear generator is driven by an internal combustion engine with two on an axis aligned and oppositely disposed pistons. The power micrograph is controlled so that during a reciprocation cycle of the generator, a resisting force is obtained which acts substantially at least in the central stroke of the moving speed of the generator is proportional to the generator. There are provided in the combustion chambers of pressure sensors, wherein a control unit initiates a device for the ignition of the combustion chambers supplied overall premixture when reaching a specified pressure.
A free-piston device with electric linear drive is from the
DE 10 2004 062 440 B4 known. The free-piston device has a return on the spring chamber in which a gas is added. At the resilience space at least one pressure sensor is provided, which can be determined by measuring the pressure of the gas in the return spring chamber, the position and / or the speed of the piston device. About the measured pressure can be so that a control and / or regulation of the free-piston device throughput lead, for example with respect to the injection of fuel into the expansion space, the ignition timing of fuel into an expansion chamber and / or to the expansion space arranged valves.
From US 5,002,020 a hybrid motor is known that switches the one hand, and includes reciprocating piston and an electromagnetic pickup for controlling / regulating and power output. The non-prior WO 2008/037980 A2, a free-piston engine with a dual action arrangement is known. A piston undergoes a steam expansion cycle on one side of a conventional internal combustion cycle, and on the other side.
The invention has for its object to provide a free-piston device of the type mentioned, which can be realized in a simple manner and which has a compact design.
This object is achieved in the above-mentioned free-piston device according to the invention in that a arranged in the at least one piston receiving resilience space is bounded by the second piston surface and that the return spring chamber fluid with at least one pre-pressure chamber operatively connected.
The inventive solution, the length of the piston receiver can use optimized.
In particular, it is then possible for example, to minimize the distance between the expansion space and the resilience space when this distance substantially corresponding to the thickness of a piston.
It is also possible to establish a free-piston device modular with a drive part and an application part. In the inventive solution, a working element can be pulled out in a simple manner at a rear end of the driving part. This can be coupled modular applications such as compressors and linear actuators. It is a serial and / or parallel connection of multiple applications possible. In the inventive solution, it is possible to use a blow of the expansion space in the resilience space. When blow gets gas from the expansion space in the resilience space due to leaks be- view of the piston assembly and the piston seat. If the return spring chamber is designed as a gas spring space, can be maintained by the blow of the gas pressure in the return spring chamber or to reduce the pressure loss use in the return spring chamber. Optionally, "leakage" of the blow may be set defined by a defined setting of the.
The return spring chamber is fluidly connected with at least one effective form chamber. Thereby, it is possible for example to control the gas pressure and thereby the elastic properties of resilience space or regulate.
It is advantageous if the expansion space and the rebound chamber are arranged linearly one behind the other is. This is a compact design with minimized length dimensions can be achieved.
In particular, the expansion space and the return spring chamber are separated by a piston of said piston means, said piston having first piston surface and the second piston area. The distance between the expansion space and the resilience space is minimized.
For the same reason it is advantageous if an inner length of the Kolbenauf- would take is composed of a length of the expansion space, a distance between the first piston surface and the second piston area and a length of the return spring chamber. A compact construction can be realized when the distance between the first piston surface and the second piston area is at most 30% of the total interior length of the bulb receptacle.
It is particularly advantageous if the at least one piston seat having a side from which a piston connected to the means of at least one linearly movable operating member is led out is. to mechanical energy to the operative element can "see", ie, one or more applications are coupled to the active element. It can be characterized, a modular construction of a free piston device with a drive part and an in particular interchangeable application part realized.
In particular, the at least one active element is a piston rod.
It is envisaged that the page is a front side which is oriented transverse to the direction of movement of the piston device. Thus, a coupling side of the driving part is provided in a simple manner.
At the side of one wall is in particular arranged opposite to the second piston area. This results in a simple manner Auskoppelbarkeit for the mechanical energy.
it is also advantageous if the wall limits the resilience space. At the resilience space no supply of fuel or the like is necessary and it must be removed no exhaust. This results in a simple structure. but in principle it is also possible that the operating member is led out from a wall bounding the expansion space. It is advantageous if the wall has an opening through which the at least one active element is guided is. This can be a simple way to decouple the mechanical energy.
It is also advantageous when a bearing for the at least one active element is disposed on this wall. The camp is for example a slide bearing for the displacement guide of the active element. This makes it possible to improve its overall storage.
It is provided that is guided at least one active element in the partial region by the resilience space. This results in a simple structure with simple extraction option for mechanical energy. As mentioned above, but it is also possible in principle that the at least one active element is guided through the expansion space.
It is particularly advantageous, when the at least one active element comprises a coupling for coupling an application. This can be followed by application of a simple way to use the mechanical energy of the driving part.
It is advantageous if the expansion space is assigned at least one inlet opening. This makes it possible to couple a fuel or it can inject a entspannbares heat transfer medium.
In particular, a preferably controllable valve is arranged to control the entry of fuel or from entspannbarem heat transfer medium to the at least one inlet opening. When the expansion space is assigned at least one outlet opening, then the combustion exhaust gases can for example be removed or relaxed heat transfer medium can be discharged.
There is then correspondingly low if it is arranged at the outlet opening a (controllable) valve.
It is particularly favorable if the return spring chamber is a gas spring space in which a compressible medium is accommodated. The compressible Me- dium (gas) is pressurized in the gas spring chamber. This makes it possible cause a reciprocating motion of the piston assembly. It is also possible, as described in WO 03/091556 Al, to control the movement of the piston device.
It is advantageous if a controller is provided for controlling the connection in order to adjust, for example, the pressure in the resilience space.
In one embodiment, the at least one pre-pressure chamber via an end face of the piston receiver is connected to the spring-back space. This results in a linear series connection of the bulb receptacle and the inlet pressure chamber.
It is in principle also possible that the at least one pre-pressure chamber is spaced to a working element.
In an alternative embodiment, an active element is guided through the at least one pre-pressure chamber. It is particularly advantageous if at least one channel is disposed on the at least one active element having a first opening and a second opening, wherein the position of the first opening and / or the second opening in the return spring chamber and / or a supply pressure chamber of a pre-pressure chamber is dependent on the position of the at least one active element. This makes it possible provide a time-dependent control for example the pressure equalization between the admission pressure chamber and rebound chamber without externally timed valves are available. It is thus, for example, no longer necessary to use high-pressure valves.
In particular, the inlet pressure chamber and the rebound chamber with the channel connected in fluid effectively in one or more positions of said piston means. This then allows a pressure equalization.
It may be provided that the position or positions at a turning point or in the vicinity of a reversal point of the piston means are. By forming the channel and the openings is generally set here is whether it is the top dead point or the lower turning point.
It can be provided that in the inlet pressure chamber is arranged an application (at least). A form of space form chamber pressure in the resilience space can be adjusted. It can be a housing in which is arranged an application such as a linear drive, use to form the pre-pressure chamber. This compact design results while minimizing the total length of the free-piston device. For example it is provided that the piston device at least one linear drive is connectable or connected. The linear drive is formed for example as a linear generator. It can then generate electric current. It is also possible in principle to control the movement of the piston device via the linear drive, as described in WO 03/091556 Al.
The at least one linear drive case has a stator and an actuator connected to the at least one active element of the piston device. The piston device provides the mechanical energy available to generate induced currents.
For example, the at least one linear drive follows in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the piston means to the piston seat. This small transverse dimensions, for example, can be achieved.
It is also possible that the at least one linear drive which surrounds at least one piston seat and / or a pre-pressurized chamber at least partially. Thus, the length dimensions can be kept low.
For example, it is also possible that the piston means comprises at least one compressor is connected or not connected. Through the compressor, a gas or a liquid for example, is compressed.
In particular, a piston rod of the at least one compressor is connected to an active element of the piston device. The invention further has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, which can be realized in a simple manner.
This object is inventively achieved in that in the free piston device which comprises a piston receiving a linearly movable in the piston receiving piston means and a return spring chamber, the fluid is communication between the rebound chamber and a supply pressure chamber as a function of the position of the piston device or open closed, wherein one or more piston rods of the piston means are guided in the return spring chamber and the inlet pressure chamber and at least one piston rod, at least one channel is arranged with a first opening and a second opening.
The inventive method has the advantages already explained in connection with the inventive device.
In the inventive process the pressure in the return spring chamber is automatically controlled by the position of the piston device or regulated. For example, the pressure in the inlet pressure chamber is set as the operating point and it can be done, an automatic pressure equalization. There are then for controlling the pressure in the resilience space no more high-pressure valves required. There is also no external time control more necessary since this is controlled by the position of the piston device "by itself".
In particular, are the first opening and the second opening in connection fluidwirk- more slowly. Characterized a gas exchange can take place through the channel. Specifically, there are one or more positions of the piston means, wherein the first opening in the return spring chamber and said second opening in the inlet pressure chamber. It can then be a gas balance between resilience space and space and form via this gas balancing in particular the pressure can be controlled in the return spring chamber or regulated.
It is further advantageous if there are one or more positions of the piston device, in which both the first opening and the second opening are located either in the return spring chamber or in the vestibule. It can be done between form and space resilience space no gas exchange.
The following description of preferred embodiments serves in conjunction with the drawings to explain the invention. Show it :
Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of a free piston device of the invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a free-piston device according to the invention;
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a free-piston device according to the invention;
Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a free-piston device according to the invention; Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a free-piston device according to the invention;
Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a sixth exemplary embodiment of a free piston device of the invention;
Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment of a free piston device of the invention;
Figure 8 is a schematic representation of an eighth embodiment;
Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a ninth embodiment; and
Figure 10 is a schematic representation of a tenth embodiment.
A first embodiment of an inventive Freikolbenvorrich- tung, which is shown in Figure 1 and designated as 10, comprises a drive part 12 and an application part 14. The driving part 12 provides mechanical energy available in the form of a reciprocating operative member sixteenth This mechanical energy can, as will be explained below, can be added to the application part 14 by a corresponding application, such as a compressor and / or a linear drive.
The driving part 12 includes (at least) a piston holder 18 (cylinder), in which a piston device 20 is arranged in a linearly movable. The bulb receptacle 18 has a piston chamber 22, in which a piston 24 of the piston means 20 is linearly movable in a direction / reverse direction 26th The direction / reverse direction 26 is parallel to a longitudinal axis 28 of the piston receiving 18th
The piston 24 has a first piston surface 30 and an opposite second piston surface 32. The first piston surface 30 and the second piston surface 32, for example, parallel to each other. In one embodiment, between the first piston surface 30 and the second piston area 32 examples game as solid material of the piston 24th
Alternatively, the piston 24 may comprise one or more cavities between the first piston surface 30 and the second piston area 32nd A cavity is used, for example, coupling to ground reduction and / or thermal decision. A cavity can also be used for internal cooling of the piston 24 in principle.
The piston chamber 22 is limited at a first end by a first end wall 34 and bounded on an opposite second end by a second end wall 36th The first end wall 34 and the second end wall 36 are transverse to the longitudinal direction 28 and thus also oriented to the moving direction 26th
Between the first end wall 34 and the first piston surface 30 is an expansion space 38 in which an expansion medium is allowed to expand and thereby can exert a force on the piston 24th Between the second piston surface 32 and the second end wall 36, a return spring chamber 40 is formed, which is formed for example as a gas spring space. In the return spring chamber 40 is a compressible medium, and in particular gas then is received. This compressible medium ensures a resilience of the piston 24th
Alternatively or additionally, 40, one or more mechanical spring elements may be arranged in the return spring chamber 41. At least one spring element 41 is articulated to the piston 22 and is supported directly or mediated at the second end wall 36th
The total volume of the piston chamber 22 is composed of the sum of the volumes of the expansion chamber 38, the return spring chamber 40 and the volume of the piston 24. The ratio of the volumes of the expansion chamber 38 to the return spring chamber 40 is dependent on the position of the piston 24 of the piston means 20. the piston 24 is arranged in the piston chamber 22 and conducted such that the expansion chamber 38 and the rebound chamber 40 gas-tightly sealed to one another.
Basically, due to a blow seal tolerances between the expansion space 38 and the return spring chamber 40 is possible. The expansion of the chamber 38 reached in the return spring chamber 40 fluid (particularly gas) is used in the return spring chamber 40 as an elastic medium. The blow can be used to maintain the pressure or reduction in pressure loss in the resilience space 40th This can dispense and realize the free-piston device as compact and cost-effective in certain circumstances to a stationary pump to maintain the pressure in the resilience space 40th The piston device 20 has a piston rod 42, which is seated on the piston 24 and is guided by the return spring chamber 40th The second end wall 36 has an opening 44 through which the (gas-tight) piston rod is guided 42nd At the opening 44, a bearing device 46 is arranged for example in the form of a sliding bearing to the piston rod 42 and therefore the piston assembly to store 20 in its linear movement in the direction / reverse direction 26th
In the example shown in Figure 1 embodiment, the return spring chamber 40 is sealed from the exterior space so that the compressible medium in the return spring chamber 40 can not penetrate to the outside through the opening 44th
The piston rod 42 forms the active element 16 to the piston rod 42 is preferably at its outer end a coupling 48 arranged to which an application for picking up the provided mechanical energy is coupled.
The second end wall 36 forms the outer end of the drive member 12 or located in the vicinity of the outer front end of the drive member 12. Applications can then be subsequently to the drive member 12 in the longitudinal direction 18 to connect; they can to a certain extent with the drive member 12 after the other switch.
The return spring chamber 40 is formed in the same piston seat 18 as the expansion space 38. The piston 24 forms the separating device for the expansion chamber 38 and the rebound chamber 40. The first piston surface 30 is for example circular. The second piston surface 32 is, for example, annular.
one or more application parts 14 are modularly connected to the drive member 12, which use the services provided by the driving part 12 mechanical energy.
In the same piston area of ​​the expansion chamber 38 and the rebound chamber 40 are formed. Thereby, the piston receiving can be build up compact 18 having a relatively small length dimension in the direction of the longitudinal axis 28th
The oscillating sliding movement (in the direction / reverse direction 26) of the active element 16 is driven by expanding gases in the expansion space 38th
In one embodiment, wherein the expanding medium into the expansion space 38 to the combustion gases. On the piston seat 18 is for the expansion space 38 (at least) an inlet opening 50 angeord- net through which a fuel or fuel-oxidizer mixture in the expansion chamber 38 can be coupled. It is in principle possible that separate intake ports are provided for fuel and oxidizer. At the inlet port 50, a valve 52 is arranged, which in particular is controllable. the coupling of fuel or fuel-oxidizer mixture via the valve 52 can be controlled.
Further, 18 (at least) is arranged an outlet opening 54 at the piston seat is discharged via the medium from the expansion space 38th In particular, exhaust gas discharged from the expansion space 38th At the outlet 54 a valve 56 is arranged to allow a controlled discharge.
The expansion space 38 may be 57 allocated to ignite a fuel-oxidizer mixture, an ignition device. Even self-igniting media can be used in principle.
In a variant of an embodiment of the expanding in the expansion space 38 medium is a heat carrier medium which pansionsraums outside the explosion was generated or heated 38th This heat transfer medium can relax in the expansion space 38 and thereby driving the piston 24 in its oscillating movement.
In this case, the inlet port 50 serves to entspannbares heat transfer medium into the expansion space 38 is controlled to couple. Via the outlet opening 54 can be pay "relaxed" heat transfer medium.
To measure the pressure in the return spring chamber 40 to the return spring chamber, one or more pressure sensors may be associated with the 53rd Of the pressure sensors 53 or example, are arranged on the second end wall 36th
Likewise, the expansion chamber 38, one or more pressure sensors may be associated with 55, which NEN DIE for measuring the pressure in the expansion space. The one or more pressure sensors are arranged in particular on the first end wall 34th
Furthermore, at least one injection valve may be associated with 51 the expansion space 38, via which, for example, fuel can be injected. A second embodiment of a free piston device which is shown in Figure 2 and designated as 58, is basically configured the same as the first free-piston device 10. For the same elements are therefore the same reference numerals used.
In addition, the return spring chamber 40 is (at least) a pre-pressurized chamber 60 associated with a pre-pressure space 62nd The priming chamber 60 is arranged at a distance from the active element sixteenth It is, for example, disposed behind an area defined by a second end 64 end. The forward pressure chamber 62 is fluidically connected to the return spring chamber 40 via a controllable valve 66th On the form chamber 60, the pressure of the gas spring in the resilience space 40 can be adjusted, for example. In particular, this pressure can be controlled or regulated and so adjusted to the special operating mode of the free-piston device 58th
In one embodiment, the pressure at bottom dead center of the gas spring of the return spring chamber 40 is controlled. In the bottom dead center (UT) of the return spring chamber 40 of the return spring chamber 40 has its greatest volume and the pressure control / regulation is easiest.
At the inlet pressure chamber 62 a pump 67 is connected, which serves to pressurize the chamber form 60th
For example, it is possible via the form chamber 60 also pressure losses in the resilience space 40 to compensate. A third embodiment of a free piston device of the invention, which is shown in Figure 3 and designated with 68, comprises a piston receiving member 70 having a first end face 72 and a second end face 74. In the piston receiving member 70 is a piston assembly 76 having a piston 78 and a piston rod 80 linearly movable. The piston rod 80 forms an active element 82, through which mechanical oscillation energy transmittable to an application. At one end of the active element 82, a clutch 84 is arranged for coupling the application.
The bulb receptacle 70 includes an expansion chamber 86 and a return spring chamber 88, which are basically formed in the same manner and function as described above.
At the second end face 74 form a chamber 90 is arranged is formed in a form rather WEL space 92nd A first end face 94 of the inlet pressure chamber, the second end face 74 of the piston seat 70 to, and is for example at this or coincides with this. A second end face 96 facing away from the second end face 74 of the piston receiving 70th
The pre-pressure chamber 90 and the piston receiving member 70 are arranged in series. The inlet pressure chamber 90 joins parallel to the direction of movement of the piston assembly 76 of the piston receiving 70th
At the second end face 96 in a respective end wall, the forward pressure chamber 90 an opening 98, through which the active element is guided 82nd At the opening 98, a bearing device is in particular arranged as a sliding bearing for the bearing guide of the active element 82nd The bearing means and the active element 82 are sealed to the outer compartment. At the second end face 74 of the piston seat 70 an opening 102 is disposed at a respective end wall 100 through which the active element is also guided 82nd In particular, a bearing device is arranged as a slide bearing. The opening 98 is between the springback cavities 88 and the space 92 form the inlet pressure chamber. The opening 98 with respect to the active element 82 is sealed so that no gas exchange can take place via the opening 98 between the outer space and the inlet pressure chamber 92nd
The inlet pressure chamber 90 has one or more openings 104 through which a pressure control is made possible in the antechamber 92nd
is arranged a channel 106 on the operative element 82 (at least) having a first opening 108 and a second opening 110 to an outside of the active element 82nd Through this channel 106 and the second opening 110 a gas can flow via the first opening 108th Outside the channel 106, the active element 82 is made of gas-tight material.
Through the channel 106, an "automatic valve" is provided which allows a fluid communication between the inlet pressure chamber 92 and the rebound chamber 88 depending on the position of the active element 82 and does not allow.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 3 position of the operative element 82, the second opening 110 is located in the inlet pressure chamber 92 and the first opening 108 is located in the return spring chamber 88. This can take place 92 and the return spring chamber 88 is a pressure equalization between the inlet pressure chamber. Characterized is possible to realize, for example, with the aim of a variable spring characteristic of the gas spring of the return spring chamber 88 is a control of the pressure in the return spring chamber 88 via the pressure in the inlet pressure chamber 92nd It is thereby possible to adjust the characteristic of spatially defined (relative to the piston position) and / or to adjust temporally defined. Basically it can be characterized for each piston position and for each time a specific spring stiffness set.
The channel 106 forms a valve which need not be connected externally, but it is a "self-regulation" is realized. depending if 110 (and the geometric dimensions of the channel 106) is achieved by the position of the first opening 108 and second opening so that the first opening 108 is in the return spring chamber 88 and the second opening is in the form space 92 110, a there pressure equalization take place. It is then no high pressure valve for the resilience space 88 necessary. Furthermore, no valve timing from the outside is no longer necessary, because the position of the active element 82 controls the pressure equalization itself.
If both the first opening 108 and second opening 110 are located in the return spring chamber 88 and both are within the inlet pressure chamber 92, then no pressure balancing can take place.
In the shown embodiment, a pressure equalization takes place when the piston 78 lie at or in the vicinity of a reversal point of the movement of the piston device 76th Depending on the configuration of the channel 106 with its first opening 108 and its second opening 110 can be adjusted thereby, whether the fluid operative connection between the rear spring chamber 88 and the forward pressure chamber 92 is at or in the vicinity of the lower reversal point or the top dead point. From storage and in particular sliding bearing of the active element 82 to the opening 98 and / or on the aperture 102 of the piston 78 has no guide object. He must then essentially only provide for the tightness between the expansion space 86 and the resilience space 88th
In a fourth embodiment of a free-piston device according to the invention, which is shown in Figure 4 and designated as a whole with 112, a driving part 114 is provided, as described in connection with FIG. 2 The active element 16 of the driving part is coupled to an actuator 116 of a linear drive via the clutch 48th The actuator 116 is reciprocable linearly across the active element 16 and herverschieblich.
The actuator 116 moves in a magnetic field and / or generates a moving magnetic field to the actuator 116. This can be particularly generate induced currents in conjunction with a suitable stator.
The actuator 116 supports spaced apart from a longitudinal axis 118, a magnet assembly 120 which includes, for example, permanent magnets 122, which have an in the longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 118 of alternating polarity up.
The drive member 114 is fixedly arranged. This is indicated in Figure 4 by the base 124th is also arranged stationary, a stator 126, which cooperates with the actuator 116th The stator 126 includes, for example Wick- lungs 128. The magnetic device 120 is determined by the reciprocating movement of the operative member 16 and the reciprocating motion of the actuator 116 thus caused to move relative to the stator 126th This currents are induced, which can be tapped. The corresponding linear drive 130 acts as a linear generator, which provides electricity. The mechanical energy generated by the driving portion 114, can be converted to the linear drive 130 in current.
It is also possible in principle that the linear drive 130 is used to Steue- tion / control of the piston means of the drive part 114th This is described in WO 03/091556 Al, which is expressly incorporated by reference.
The linear drive 130 is coupled to the active element sixteenth It is possible to link up additionally or alternatively other applications.
The actuator 116 may also be provided with one or more electromagnets. It may have shorted turns. It is also possible that he wears a "passive" tooth structure made of magnetically conductive material.
In a fifth embodiment, which is shown in Figure 5 and designated 132, in turn driving portion 114 is provided. At the active element 16, a compressor 134 is coupled. The compressor can be used for compressing gas or a liquid. It can be a compressor for refrigerant, compressor or water hydraulic compressor (for example as a pump), for example.
The active element 16 is coupled to a piston 136 of the compressor, which is guided in a respective cylinder 138th The active element 16 is directly connected to the piston 136 or with a piston rod 140, which is seated on the piston 136th Between an end wall 142 and the piston 140 is a compression chamber 144 is formed. In this compressor room 144 146 open one or more inlet openings to which sits according to a control valve 148th Via the inlet port 146 can be coupled to be compressed metal medium. Further, sitting on the end wall 142, one or more outlet ports 150 on each of which a control valve 152 is seated. Compressed medium can be discharged through an outlet port.
The compressor shown in Figure 5 is one stage in the sense that it has only one compressor chamber 144th
In a sixth embodiment, which is shown in Figure 6 and designated 154, in turn, is provided a drive part 114, which is coupled with its operating member 16 to a piston 156 of a compressor 158th The piston 156 is disposed in a cylinder 160, which is (apart from inlets and outlets) closed at a first end wall 162 and a second end wall 164th In the cylinder 160, a first compression chamber 166 and a second compression chamber 168 are formed overall. In this sense, the compressor 158 is a single stage. can be compress a medium both in the first compression chamber 166 and in the second compression chamber 168th This gives the double of operation, since both the forward movement and in the movement of the piston 156, a corresponding compression process is possible. Pulsations can be reduced. It can be used to optimize the overall process different compression media. Also, the installation space can be minimized.
each having one or more inlet openings and one or more outlet openings are provided in order to be able to couple medium to be compressed and to be able to couple out compressed medium to the first compression chamber 166 and the second compression chamber 168th The compressor 158 is connected in series (serial) connected with the driving part 114th In addition, a linear drive, which is, for example, as the linear drive 130 constructed, are connected in series. For this purpose, the corresponding actuator 116 is coupled to this linear drive is mounted on a piston rod 170 to which the piston is seated 156th The piston rod 170 is in turn coupled to the active element sixteenth
It is also possible to run multiple applications in parallel parts. In an equivalent circuit diagram of this case, the parallel-operated application parts as a combination are serially connected to the drive part 12th
Of the driving portion 114 of the free piston device 154, the active element is set into a linear reciprocating motion sixteenth This movement is transmitted through the coupling to the piston rod 170 and transmitted to the actuator 116th Via the piston rod 170 of the compressor 158 is operated. Via the actuator 116 130 current is generated to the linear drive.
In a seventh embodiment of a free piston device which is shown in Figure 7 and designated 172, a driving part 174 forward hands, which corresponds to the driving part of FIG. 3 The corresponding active element 82 is coupled to an actuator 176 of a linear drive 178th This actuator 176 is configured, for example cup-shaped. He surrounds the form chamber 90 and also partially the piston seat 70. As a result, the length dimensions of the free-piston device 172 can be kept with linear drive 178 low. (The lateral dimensions in the longitudinal direction are characterized increased under certain circumstances.) The actuator 176 carries for example, a magnetic device 180. This is moved by the operating member 82 relative to a fixed stator 182nd This power can be generated.
According to the invention a free-piston device is provided, wherein to a drive part mechanical energy can be tapped. This results in a modular design. It enables applications such as one or more compressors and one or more linear drives are coupled.
It is further contemplated that an expansion chamber and a return spring space are directly adjacent to each other. They are limited by the same flask with opposite surfaces of this piston. This results in a compact construction with respect to length.
In an eighth embodiment of a free-piston device according to the invention, which is shown schematically in Figure 8 and designated 184, the structure is basically the same as in the free piston device 10. For the same elements, the same reference numerals as in the free piston device 10 can be used. The piston 24 is guided in a piston member 186 having a first end wall 188 and an opposite second end wall 190th At the second end wall 190 which limits the return spring chamber 40, (at least) is arranged a control valve 192nd In the free-piston device 184 of the resilience space 40 is a gas spring chamber. Through the control valve 192 is surplus gas from the resilience space 40 can drain. The piston 24 is guided on an inner side 194 of the piston receiving 186th A guide surface 196 of the piston 24 is its inclusion of the piston 186 facing piston peripheral surface. Between the guide surface 196 and the inner surface 194 are basically against leaks, can pass into the rebound chamber 40 through the fluid, and especially gas from the expansion space 38th This is indicated in Figure 8 by the arrows 198th
When the pressure in the expansion space 38 is higher than in the return spring chamber 40, then gas is forced through the leaks from the expansion chamber 38 in the return spring chamber 40th This is called a blow. This blow can be used to maintain or the pressure in the gas spring chamber designed as resilience space 40 to reduce the pressure losses there. excess gas from the resilience space 40 via the control valve 192 can be blow.
Otherwise, the free-piston device 186 such as the free-piston device 10 works.
In a ninth embodiment of a free-piston device according to the invention, which is shown schematically in Figure 9 and designated 202, a drive portion 204 which corresponds to the driving part of the free-piston device 184, connected to an inlet pressure chamber 206th The at least one control valve 192 is in fluid connection with an inlet pressure chamber 208, the inlet pressure chamber 206. The at least one control valve 192 is bi-directional or there are different unidi- tional control valves provided for a bidirectional exchange of pressure between the return spring chamber 40 of the driving part 204 and the inlet pressure chamber 208 allow. The inlet pressure chamber 206 has an opening 210 through which the active element 16 of the driving part is immersed by the 204th At the opening 210, the operating part 16 is supported and mounted slidably in particular. This opening is sealed. Within the space 208 form a magnetic device is arranged, which corresponds to the magnetic means 120th There are therefore used the same references. The active element 16 is then connected to an actuator 116th The actuator 116 is also in the form room 208th
The form chamber 206 picks up the magnetic device. It is arranged stationary. as a whole, it forms an application part 212 to which the driving part is connected 204th
At the inlet pressure chamber 208, a pump 214 is connected, via which a defined pressure in the inlet pressure chamber 208 can be adjusted. The pump 214 is connected, for example via a three-way valve 216th
Via the pump 214, the pressure in the inlet pressure chamber 208 is set. By means of the control valve 192 can be adjusted via the pressure in the inlet pressure chamber 208, the pressure in the return spring chamber 40th
By means of the magnetic device 120 can be 16 generate an electrical current on the movement of the active part.
Otherwise, the free-piston device works described 202 above in connection with the other embodiments. A tenth embodiment which is shown schematically in Figure 10 and designated 218, includes a first driving part 220 and a second drive member 222. These driving parts 220, 222 are for example formed as the driving part 114 as described above.
The first drive part 220 and the second driving part 222 for example, are arranged mirror-symmetrically to each other. Them 224 is assigned for a fuel-oxidizer mixture and a common discharge means 226 for a common exhaust gas supply means. This double system is formed.
To the first driving part 220, a first application part 228 and is connected to the second driving part 222, a second application part 230 is connected. For example, the application parts corresponding to the linear drive 130 described above, 228 and 230th
The arrangement is preferably symmetrical to a center plane 232. This makes it possible a mass balance in the dual system of the drive parts and application parts reach 220-228 and 222-230.
The driving parts 220, 222 and the application parts 228, 230 operate as described above.
Free-piston device
piston receiving
Longitudinal axis of first piston surface area of ​​second piston first end wall second end wall
Resilience space
Igniter second embodiment
Inlet pressure chamber second end face
Pump third embodiment
Piston receiving first face second end face
Piston device 80 piston rod
82 valve element
84 coupling
86 expansion space
88 resilience space
90 form chamber
92 form space
94 first face
96 second end
100 bulkhead
106 channel
108 first opening
110 second opening
112 fourth embodiment
114 drive part
116 actuator
118 longitudinal axis
120 magnet means
122 magnets
124 base
126 stator
128 winding
130 linear drive
132 fifth embodiment
134 compressor
136 piston
138 cylinder
140 piston
142 end wall
144 compressor chamber
146 inlet port
148 control valve
150 outlet
152 control valve
154 sixth embodiment
156 piston
158 compressor
160 cylinder
162 first end wall
164 second end wall
166 first compression chamber 168, second compressor chamber
170 piston rod
172 seventh embodiment
174 drive part
176 actuator
178 linear drive
180 magnetic device
182 stator
184 eighth embodiment
186 piston receiving
188 first end wall
190 second end wall
192 control valve
194 inside
196 guide surface
202 ninth embodiment
204 drive part
206 form chamber
208 form space
212 Application Part
214 pump
216 three-way valve
218 tenth embodiment
220 first drive member
Second drive part 222
224 feeder
226 removal device
228 first application part
230 second application part
232 midplane
1. Free-piston device, comprising at least one piston seat (18; 70), at least one in the corresponding piston accommodating (18; 70) linearly movable piston device (20; 76) having a first piston surface (30) and a second piston surface (32) of the first piston surface (30) facing away from, and within the piston cavity (18; 70) arranged in the expansion space (38; 86) which is bounded by the first piston surface (30), wherein said piston means (20; 76) under the action of a medium which in the expansion space (38; 86) is expanded, can be driven, characterized in that in the at least one piston seat (18; 70) is arranged spring-back space (40; 88) by said second piston surface (32) is limited and that the return spring chamber ( 88) is connected fluidically with at least one inlet pressure chamber (90).
2. Free-piston device according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion space (38; 86) and the rebound chamber (40; 88) are arranged linearly one behind the other.
3. Free-piston device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the expansion space (38; 86) and the rebound chamber (40; 88) by a piston (24; 78) of the piston means (20; 76) are separated, said first piston surface (30) and the second piston surface (32).
4. Free-piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an inner length of the bulb receptacle (18; 70) is composed of a length of the expansion space (38; 86), a distance between the first piston surface (30) and the second piston surface (32 ) and a length of the return spring chamber (40; 88).
is 5. Free-piston device according to claim 4, characterized in that the distance between the first piston surface (30) and the second piston surface (32) is at most 30% of the entire interior length of the bulb receptacle (70 18).
6. Free-piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one piston seat (18; 70) having a side (64) from which a to the piston means (20; 76) connected to at least one linear movable operating member (16; 82 ) is led out.
7. A free piston device according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one active element (16; 82) a piston rod (42; 80).
8. Free-piston device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the page is a front side (64) transversely to the direction of movement (26) of the piston means, is oriented (20 76).
9. Free-piston device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that on the side (64) has a wall (36; 100) is arranged opposite to the second piston surface (32).
10. A free piston device according to claim 9, characterized in that the wall (36; 100) the return spring chamber (40; 88) is limited.
, through which the at least one active element (16; 82) 11. Free-piston device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the wall (36; 100;) has an opening (102 44) is guided.
12. A free piston device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that on the wall (36; 100) a bearing for the at least one active element (16; 82) is arranged.
13. A free piston device according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the at least one active element (16; 82) in a partial region by the return spring chamber (40; 88) is guided.
having an application for the coupling 14. Free-piston device according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the at least one active element (16;; 82) a clutch (84 48).
15. A free piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion space (38; 86) at least one inlet opening (50) is associated.
16. A free piston device according to claim 15, characterized in that a valve (52) is arranged on the at least one inlet opening.
17. A free piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion space (38; 86) at least one outlet opening (54) is associated.
18. A free piston device according to claim 17, characterized in that at the outlet opening (54) a valve (56) is arranged.
19. A free piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the return spring chamber (40; 88) is a gas spring space, is received in which a compressible medium.
20. A free piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a control device for controlling the connection.
21. A free piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one pre-pressure chamber (90) is connected via an end face (74) of the bulb receptacle (70) to the return spring chamber (88).
22. Free-piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one pre-pressure chamber (60) is spaced at a working element (16).
23. A free piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one active element (82) through the at least one pre-pressure chamber (90) is guided.
24. A free piston device according to claim 23, characterized in that at least one channel (106) is disposed on the at least one active element (82) having a first opening (108) and a second opening (110), wherein the position of the first opening (108) and / or the second opening (110) in the return spring chamber (88) and / or a pre-pressure space (92) of the admission pressure chamber (90) is dependent on the position of the at least one active element (82).
25. A free piston device according to claim 24, characterized in that the admission pressure chamber (92) and the rebound chamber (88) via the channel (106) are provided in one or more positions of said piston means (76) in fluid connection.
26. A free piston device according to claim 25, characterized in that the position or positions is a turning point or spot in the vicinity of a reversal point of the piston device (76).
27. A free piston device according to one of claims 21 to 26, characterized in that an application is placed in the inlet pressure chamber (206), which is coupled to the operating member (16).
28. A free piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston means (20; 76) at least one linear drive (130; 178) is connectable or connected.
29. A free piston device according to claim 28, characterized in that the at least one linear drive (130; 178) a stator (126; 182) and an actuator (116; 176) which, with at least one active element (16; 82) of the piston means ( 20; 76) are connected.
30. A free piston device according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the at least one linear drive (130; 178) follows in a direction parallel to the movement direction (26) of the piston means (20;; 76) to the piston receiving (70 18).
31. A free piston device according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the at least one linear drive (178) the at least one piston seat (18; 70) and / or a pre-pressurized chamber (60; 90) at least partially surrounds.
32. A free piston device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston means (20; 76) at least one compressor (134; 158) is connectable or connected.
33. A free piston device according to claim 32, characterized in that a piston rod of the at least one compressor (134; 158) having an active element (16; 82) of the piston means (20; 76) is connected.
34. A method for controlling and / or regulating a free piston device which comprises a piston receiving a linearly movable in the piston receiving piston means and a return spring space in which a fluid communication between the rebound chamber and a supply pressure chamber as a function of the position of the piston means is opened or closed, wherein one or more piston rods of the piston means are guided in the return spring chamber and the inlet pressure chamber and the at least comprising at least one piston rod a channel having a first opening and a second opening.
35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that the first opening and the second opening in fluid connection stand.
36. The method of claim 34 or 35, characterized in that in one or more positions of said piston means, the first opening in the return spring chamber and the second opening in the vestibule.
37. The method according to any one of claims 34 to 36, characterized in that both the first opening and the second opening in the inlet pressure chamber or in the return spring chamber lie in one or more positions of said piston means.
PCT/EP2008/059531 2007-07-23 2008-07-21 Free-piston device and method for controlling and/or regulating a free-piston device WO2009013270A1 (en)
DE102007035914.6 2007-07-23
DE200710035914 DE102007035914A1 (en) 2007-07-23 2007-07-23 Free-piston device and method for controlling and / or regulating a free-piston device
CN 200880025364 CN101755113A (en) 2007-07-23 2008-07-21 Free-piston device and method for controlling and/or regulating a free-piston device
JP2010517384A JP2010534293A (en) 2007-07-23 2008-07-21 Free-piston assembly, and a free piston assembly control method
EP20080775256 EP2173988A1 (en) 2007-07-23 2008-07-21 Free-piston device and method for controlling and/or regulating a free-piston device
US12686235 US8601988B2 (en) 2007-07-23 2010-01-12 Free piston assembly and method for controlling a free piston assembly
US12686235 Continuation US8601988B2 (en) 2007-07-23 2010-01-12 Free piston assembly and method for controlling a free piston assembly
WO2009013270A1 true true WO2009013270A1 (en) 2009-01-29
ID=39745609
PCT/EP2008/059531 WO2009013270A1 (en) 2007-07-23 2008-07-21 Free-piston device and method for controlling and/or regulating a free-piston device
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EP (1) EP2173988A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2010534293A (en)
CN (1) CN101755113A (en)
DE (1) DE102007035914A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2010106246A (en)
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