Source: http://www.legis.state.wv.us/WVCODE/code.cfm?chap=46A&art=2&section=134
Timestamp: 2016-10-01 05:03:56
Document Index: 103563695

Matched Legal Cases: ['§46', '§46', '§46', '§46', '§46', '§46', '§46', '§46', '§46']

| Chapter 46A › Printer Friendly Versions
| Section 134
46 A- 2 - 101 46 A- 2 - 102 46 A- 2 - 103 46 A- 2 - 103 A 46 A- 2 - 104 46 A- 2 - 105 46 A- 2 - 106 46 A- 2 - 107 46 A- 2 - 108 46 A- 2 - 109 46 A- 2 - 110 46 A- 2 - 111 46 A- 2 - 112 46 A- 2 - 113 46 A- 2 - 114 46 A- 2 - 115 46 A- 2 - 115 46 A- 2 - 116 46 A- 2 - 117 46 A- 2 - 118 46 A- 2 - 119 46 A- 2 - 119 A 46 A- 2 - 120 46 A- 2 - 121 46 A- 2 - 121 46 A- 2 - 122 46 A- 2 - 123 46 A- 2 - 124 46 A- 2 - 125 46 A- 2 - 126 46 A- 2 - 127 46 A- 2 - 128 46 A- 2 - 129 46 A- 2 - 129 A 46 A- 2 - 130 46 A- 2 - 130 46 A- 2 - 131 46 A- 2 - 132 46 A- 2 - 133 46 A- 2 - 134 46 A- 2 - 135 46 A- 2 - 136 46 A- 2 - 137 46 A- 2 - 138 46 A- 2 - 139 2A - BREACH OF SECURITY OF CONSUMER
§46A-2-115. Limitation on default charges. (a) Except for reasonable expenses, including costs and fees authorized by statute incurred in realizing on a security interest, the agreements that evidence a consumer credit sale or a consumer loan may not provide for charges as a result of default by the consumer other than those authorized by this chapter. (b) With respect to this subsection: (1) The phrase “consumer loan” shall mean a consumer loan secured by real property: (A) Originated by a bank or savings and loan association, or an affiliate, not solicited by an unaffiliated broker; (B) held by a federal home loan bank, the federal National Mortgage Association, the federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Government National Mortgage Association, the West Virginia Housing Development Fund; or (C) insured or guaranteed by the Farmers Home Administration, the Veteran's Administration or the Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2) Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, the agreements that evidence a consumer loan may permit the recovery of the following charges: (A) Costs of publication; (B) an appraisal fee; (C) all costs incidental to a title examination including professional fees, expenses incident to travel, and copies of real estate and tax records; (D) expenses incidental to notice made to lienholders and other parties and entities having an interest in the real property to be sold; (E) certified mailing costs; and (F) all fees and expenses incurred by a trustee incident to a pending trustee’s sale of the real property securing the consumer loan. (3) For purposes of the charges expressly authorized by this subsection, no charge may be assessed and collected from a consumer unless: (A) Each charge is reasonable in its amount; (B) each charge is actually incurred by or on behalf of the holder of the consumer loan; (C) each charge is actually incurred after the last day allowed for cure of the consumer’s default pursuant to section one hundred six, of this article and before the consumer reinstates the consumer loan or otherwise cures the default; (D) the holder of the consumer loan and the consumer have agreed to cancel any pending trustee’s sale or other foreclosure on the real property securing the consumer loan; and (E) in the case of an appraisal fee, no appraisal fee has been charged to the consumer within the preceding six months. (c) All amounts paid to a creditor arising out of any consumer credit sale or consumer loan shall be credited upon receipt against payments due: Provided, That amounts received and applied during a cure period will not result in a duty to provide a new notice of right to cure; Provided, however, That partial amounts received during the period set forth in subdivision (3) subsection (b) of this section do not create an automatic duty to reinstate and may be returned by the creditor. Default charges shall be accounted for separately. Those recoverable charges set forth in said subsection arising during the period described therein may be added to principal. (d) At least once every twelve months, the holder or servicer of each consumer loan secured by real property against which the creditor assesses any default charge, and: (1) Not serviced by the originating lender or its affiliate or their successors by merger; (2) not held by a federal home loan bank, the federal National Mortgage Association, the federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Government National Mortgage Association, the West Virginia Housing Development Fund; or (3) not insured or guaranteed by the Farmers Home Administration, the Veteran's Administration, Department of Housing and Urban Development, shall transmit to the consumer an accounting of every default charge assessed within the previous twelve months, including the date, amount and nature of the cost. This subsection does not apply to delinquency charges permitted under sections one hundred twelve and one hundred thirteen, article three of this chapter; credit line over-the-limit fees; deferral charges permitted under section one hundred fourteen, article three of this chapter; collateral protection insurance permitted under section one hundred nine-a, article three of this chapter; and advances to pay taxes. (e) A provision in violation of this section is unenforceable. The amendments to this section by acts of the Legislature in the regular session of 2003 are a clarification of existing law and shall be retroactively applied to all agreements in effect on the date of passage of the amendments, except where controversies arising under those agreements are pending prior to the date of passage of the amendments. (f) Nothing in this section limits the expenses incidental to a trustee’s sale of real property that are recoverable pursuant to section seven, article one, chapter thirty-eight of this code. WVC 46 A- 2 - 115 §46A-2-115. Limitation on default charges.
(a) Except for reasonable expenses including costs and fees
authorized by statute incurred in realizing on a security interest,
the agreement with respect to a consumer credit sale or a consumer
loan may not provide for charges as a result of default by the
consumer other than those authorized by this chapter. (b) A consumer loan secured by real property: (1) Originated
by a bank or savings and loan association, or an affiliate, and not
solicited by an unaffiliated broker; (2) held by a federal home
loan bank, the federal national mortgage association, the federal
home loan mortgage corporation, the government national mortgage
association, the West Virginia housing development fund; or (3)
insured or guaranteed by the farmers home administration, the
veteran's administration, department of housing and urban
development, which includes in the loan agreement a reinstatement
period beginning with the trustee notice of foreclosure and ending
prior to foreclosure sale, may, in addition to those authorized by
this chapter, permit the recovery of the following actual
reasonable reinstatement period expenses paid or owed to third
parties: (i) Publication costs paid to the publisher of the
notice; (ii) appraisal fee when required by the circumstances or by
a regulatory authority and only after the loan has been referred to
a trustee for foreclosure; (iii) title check and lienholder
notification fee not to exceed two hundred dollars, as adjusted
from time to time by the increase in the consumer price index for all consumers published by the United States Department of Labor;
and(iv) certified mailing costs.
(c) All amounts paid to a creditor arising out of any consumer
credit sale or consumer loan shall be credited upon receipt against
payments due: Provided, That amounts received and applied during
a cure period will not result in a duty to provide a new notice of
right to cure; and provided further that partial amounts received
during the reinstatement period set forth in subsection (b) of this
section do not create an automatic duty to reinstate and may be
returned by the creditor. Default charges shall be accounted for
separately; those set forth in subsection (b) arising during such
a reinstatement period may be added to principal.
(d) At least once every twelve months, the holder or servicer
of each consumer loan secured by real property against which the
creditor assesses any default charge, and: (1) Not serviced by the
originating lender or its affiliate or their successors by merger; (2) not held by a federal home loan bank, the federal national
mortgage association, the federal home loan mortgage corporation,
the government national mortgage association, the West Virginia
housing development fund; or (3) not insured or guaranteed by the
farmers home administration, the veteran's administration,
department of housing and urban development, shall transmit to the
consumer an accounting of every default charge assessed within the
previous twelve months, including the date, amount and nature of
the cost. For purposes of this subsection, this notice requirement does
not apply to delinquency charges permitted under sections one
hundred twelve and one hundred thirteen, article three of this
chapter; credit line over-the-limit fees; deferral charges
permitted under section one hundred fourteen, article three of this
chapter; collateral protection insurance permitted under section
one hundred nine-a, article three of this chapter; and advances to
(e) A provision in violation of this section is unenforceable. The amendments to this section by acts of the Legislature in the
regular session of two thousand three are a clarification of
existing law and shall be retroactively applied to all agreements
in effect on the date of passage of the amendments, except where
controversies arising under those agreements are pending prior to
the date of passage of the amendments.
WVC 46 A- 2 - 116 §46A-2-116. Assignment of earnings.
§46A-2-121. Unconscionability; inducement by unconscionable conduct. (a) With respect to a transaction which is or gives rise to a consumer credit sale, consumer lease or consumer loan, if the court as a matter of law finds: (1) The agreement or transaction to have been unconscionable at the time it was made, or to have been induced by unconscionable conduct such as affirmative misrepresentations, active deceit or concealment of a material fact, the court may refuse to enforce the agreement; or (2) Any term or part of the agreement or transaction to have been unconscionable at the time it was made, the court may refuse to enforce the agreement, or may enforce the remainder of the agreement without the unconscionable term or part, or may so limit the application of any unconscionable term or part as to avoid any unconscionable result. (b) If it is claimed or appears to the court that the agreement or transaction or any term or part thereof may be unconscionable, the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to its setting, purpose and effect to aid the court in making the determination. (c) For the purpose of this section, a charge or practice expressly permitted by this chapter is not unconscionable. WVC 46 A- 2 - 121 §46A-2-121. Unconscionability; inducement by unconscionable
(1) With respect to a transaction which is or gives rise to a
consumer credit sale, consumer lease or consumer loan, if the court
as a matter of law finds:
(a) The agreement or transaction to have been unconscionable
at the time it was made, or to have been induced by unconscionable
conduct, the court may refuse to enforce the agreement, or
(b) Any term or part of the agreement or transaction to have
been unconscionable at the time it was made, the court may refuse
to enforce the agreement, or may enforce the remainder of the
agreement without the unconscionable term or part, or may so limit
the application of any unconscionable term or part as to avoid any
(2) If it is claimed or appears to the court that the
agreement or transaction or any term or part thereof may be
unconscionable, the parties shall be afforded a reasonable
opportunity to present evidence as to its setting, purpose and
effect to aid the court in making the determination.
(3) For the purpose of this section, a charge or practice
expressly permitted by this chapter is not unconscionable.
WVC 46 A- 2 - 122 §46A-2-122. Definitions.
§46A-2-130. Limitation on garnishment. (1) For the purposes of the provisions in this chapter relating to garnishment: (a) "Disposable earnings" means that part of the earnings of an individual remaining after the deduction from those earnings of amounts required by law to be withheld; and (b) "Garnishment" means any legal or equitable procedure through which the earnings of an individual are required to be withheld for payment of a debt. (2) The maximum part of the aggregate disposable earnings of an individual for any workweek which is subjected to garnishment to enforce payment of a judgment arising from a consumer credit sale or consumer loan may not exceed the lesser of: (a) Twenty percent of his or her disposable earnings for that week, or (b) The amount by which his or her disposable earnings for that week exceed fifty times the federal minimum hourly wage prescribed by section 6(a) (1) of the "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938," U.S.C. Title 19, Sec. 206(a)(1), in effect at the time the earnings are payable. (c) In the case of earnings for a pay period other than a week, the commissioner shall prescribe by rule a multiple of the federal minimum hourly wage equivalent in effect to that set forth in subdivision (b), subsection (2) of this section. (3) No court may make, execute or enforce an order or process in violation of this section. Any time after a consumer's earnings have been executed upon pursuant to article five-a or article five-b, chapter thirty-eight of this code by a creditor resulting from a consumer credit sale, consumer lease or consumer loan, such consumer may petition any court having jurisdiction of such matter or the circuit court of the county wherein he or she resides to reduce or temporarily or permanently remove such execution upon his or her earnings on the grounds that such execution causes or will cause undue hardship to him or her or his or her family. When such fact is proved to the satisfaction of such court, it may reduce or temporarily or permanently remove such execution. (4) No garnishment governed by the provisions of this section will be given priority over a voluntary assignment of wages to fulfill a support obligation, a garnishment to collect arrearages in support payments, or a notice of withholding from wages of amounts payable as support, notwithstanding the fact that the garnishment in question or the judgment upon which it is based may have preceded the support-related assignment, garnishment, or notice of withholding in point of time or filing. WVC 46 A- 2 - 130 §46A-2-130. Limitation on garnishment.
(1) For the purposes of the provisions in this chapter
relating to garnishment:
(b) "Garnishment" means any legal or equitable procedure
through which the earnings of an individual are required to be
withheld for payment of a debt.
(2) The maximum part of the aggregate disposable earnings of
an individual for any workweek which is subjected to garnishment to
enforce payment of a judgment arising from a consumer credit sale
or consumer loan may not exceed the lesser of:
(a) Twenty percent of his disposable earnings for that week,
(b) The amount by which his disposable earnings for that week
exceed thirty times the federal minimum hourly wage prescribed by
section 6(a) (1) of the "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938," U.S.C.
Title 19, Sec. 206(a)(1), in effect at the time the earnings are
(c) In the case of earnings for a pay period other than a
week, the commissioner shall prescribe by rule a multiple of the
federal minimum hourly wage equivalent in effect to that set forthin subdivision (b), subsection (2) of this section.
(3) No court may make, execute or enforce an order or process
in violation of this section. Any time after a consumer's earnings
have been executed upon pursuant to article five-a or article
five-b, chapter thirty-eight of this code by a creditor resulting
from a consumer credit sale, consumer lease or consumer loan, such
consumer may petition any court having jurisdiction of such matter
or the circuit court of the county wherein he resides to reduce or
temporarily or permanently remove such execution upon his earnings
on the grounds that such execution causes or will cause undue
hardship to him or his family. When such fact is proved to the
satisfaction of such court, it may reduce or temporarily or
permanently remove such execution.
(4) No garnishment governed by the provisions of this section
will be given priority over a voluntary assignment of wages to
fulfill a support obligation, a garnishment to collect arrearages
in support payments, or a notice of withholding from wages of
amounts payable as support, notwithstanding the fact that the
garnishment in question or the judgment upon which it is based may
have preceded the support-related assignment, garnishment, or
notice of withholding in point of time or filing.
WVC 46 A- 2 - 131 §46A-2-131. No discharge or reprisal because of garnishment.