Source: http://patents.com/us-9381382.html
Timestamp: 2018-11-17 23:55:19
Document Index: 447639370

Matched Legal Cases: ['art\n5202048', 'artz\n2004', 'artz\n2004', 'artz\n2004', 'artz\n2004', 'artz\n2006', 'artz\n2006']

US Patent # 9,381,382. Composition comprising a particulate zinc material, a pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione and a gel network - Patents.com
United States Patent 9,381,382
Schwartz , et al. July 5, 2016
Composition comprising a particulate zinc material, a pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione and a gel network
The present invention relates to a composition comprising an effective amount of a particulate zinc material, an effective amount of a detersive surfactant including a surfactant with an anionic functional group, an effective amount of a pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione, a dispersed gel network phase comprising: i) at least about 0.05% of one or more fatty amphiphiles, by weight of said shampoo composition; ii) at least about 0.01% of one or more secondary surfactants, by weight of said shampoo composition; and iii) water; and at least about 20% of an aqueous carrier, by weight of said shampoo composition.
Schwartz; James Robert (West Chester, OH), Johnson; Eric Scott (Hamilton, OH), King; Bonnie Theresa (Alexandria, KY), Margraf, III; Carl Hinz (Frankfurt am Main, DE), Tormos; Gregory V. (Loveland, OH), Warnke; David Thomas (Cincinnati, OH), Chang; Debora W. (Mason, OH), Dunlop; David Scott (Mason, OH), Labitzke; Kevin M. (Fairfield, OH), Murawski; Sandra Lou (Fairfield, OH), Gore; William Jeffrey (Montgomery, OH), Verbrugge; Theodore Jay (Reily, OH), Elsner; Elizabeth Marie Marzonie (Portage, MI), Hilvert; Jennifer Elaine (Cincinnati, OH), Jin; Yingkun (Mason, OH), Hurley; Brian Michael (Blanchester, OH), Manuel; Teresa Cuasay (Wester Chester, OH)
Schwartz; James Robert
Johnson; Eric Scott
King; Bonnie Theresa
Margraf, III; Carl Hinz
Tormos; Gregory V.
Warnke; David Thomas
Chang; Debora W.
Dunlop; David Scott
Labitzke; Kevin M.
Murawski; Sandra Lou
Gore; William Jeffrey
Verbrugge; Theodore Jay
Elsner; Elizabeth Marie Marzonie
Hilvert; Jennifer Elaine
Jin; Yingkun
Hurley; Brian Michael
Manuel; Teresa Cuasay
Family ID: 1000001948320
11/602,770
US 20070128147 A1 Jun 7, 2007
11216520 Aug 31, 2005
11100648 Apr 7, 2005
10802166 Mar 17, 2004 8491877
11228770 Sep 16, 2005 8349301
10454433 Jun 4, 2003 7303744
60455963 Mar 18, 2003
60385641 Jun 4, 2002
Current CPC Class: A61Q 5/006 (20130101); A61K 8/0295 (20130101); A61K 8/042 (20130101); A61K 8/27 (20130101); A61K 8/342 (20130101); A61K 8/361 (20130101); A61K 8/37 (20130101); A61K 8/375 (20130101); A61K 8/39 (20130101); A61K 8/416 (20130101); A61K 8/42 (20130101); A61K 8/463 (20130101); A61K 8/49 (20130101); A61K 8/4933 (20130101); A61K 8/60 (20130101); A61K 8/737 (20130101); A61K 31/555 (20130101); A61Q 5/00 (20130101); A61Q 5/02 (20130101); A61Q 5/12 (20130101)
Current International Class: A61K 31/555 (20060101); A61K 8/49 (20060101); A61Q 5/00 (20060101); A61Q 5/02 (20060101); A61Q 5/12 (20060101); A61K 8/02 (20060101); A61K 8/04 (20060101); A61K 8/34 (20060101); A61K 8/36 (20060101); A61K 8/60 (20060101); A61K 8/27 (20060101); A61K 8/37 (20060101); A61K 8/73 (20060101); A61K 8/46 (20060101); A61K 8/42 (20060101); A61K 8/41 (20060101); A61K 8/39 (20060101)
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This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed on Aug. 31, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/100,648, filed on Apr. 7, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/802,166, filed on Mar. 18, 2004, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/455,963, filed on Mar. 18, 2003. This application further claims the priority benefit and is a continuation in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed on Sep. 16, 2005, which is a continuation-in part of prior co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 10/454,433 filed on Jun. 4, 2003; which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No, 60/385,641, filed on Jun. 4, 2002.
U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/100,648, U.S. application Ser. No. 10/802,166, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, U.S. application Ser. No. 10/454,433 are all hereby incorporated herein by reference.
1. A composition comprising a dispersed gel network comprising: a) an effective amount of a particulate zinc material; b) from about 8% to about 30% of a detersive surfactant with an anionic functional group; c) an effective amount of a pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione; d) a pre-formed dispersed gel network phase comprising: i) at least 0.05% of one or more fatty amphiphiles, by weight of said shampoo composition; ii) at least 0.01% of one or more secondary surfactants, by weight of said shampoo composition; and iii) water; and e) at least 20% of an aqueous carrier, by weight of said shampoo composition.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the pyrithione or polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione is zinc pyrithione.
3. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said fatty amphiphile is present relative to said secondary surfactant at a weight ratio of greater than 1:5 to 100:1.
4. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said fatty amphiphile is present relative to said secondary surfactant at a weight ratio of greater than 2:1 to 10:1.
5. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said fatty amphiphile is selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty phenols, alkoxylated fatty phenols, fatty amides, alkyoxylated fatty amides, fatty amines, fatty alkylamidoalkylamines, fatty alkyoxyalted amines, fatty carbamates, fatty amine oxides, alkoxylated fatty acids, fatty diesters, fatty sorbitan esters, fatty sugar esters, methyl glucoside esters, fatty glycol esters, mono, di- and tri-glycerides, polyglycerine fatty esters, alkyl glyceryl ethers, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, cholesterol, ceramides, fatty silicone waxes, fatty glucose amides, and phospholipids.
6. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said pre-formed dispersed gel network phase is present in an amount from about 1% to about 60%, by weight of said shampoo composition.
7. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said secondary surfactant is selected from the group consisting of cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
8. A shampoo composition according to claim 7, wherein said cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of cetrimonium chloride, stearimonium chloride, behentrimonium chloride, behentrimonium methosulfate, behenamidopropyltrimonium methosulfate, stearamidopropyltrimonium chloride, arachidtrimonium chloride, distearyldimonium chloride, dicetyldimonium chloride, tricetylmonium chloride, oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, linoleamidopropyl dimethylamine, isostearamidopropyl dimethylamine, oleyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, stearamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldiethylamine, behenamidoethyldiethyl-amine, behenamidoethyldimethylamine, arachidamidopropyldimethylamine, arachidamido-propyidiethylamine, arachidamidoethyidiethylamine, arachidamidoethyidimethylamine, and mixtures thereof.
9. A shampoo composition according to claim 7, wherein said anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.
10. A shampoo composition according to claim 7, wherein said nonionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyethyleneglycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene fatty amides and their monoethanolamine and diethanolamine derivatives, polyethoxylated fatty amines, alkyl polyglucosides, sugar esters, polyglyceryl fatty acid esters, alkyl polyglyceryl ethers, and mixtures thereof.
11. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the particulate zinc material has a relative zinc lability of greater than 15%.
12. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition comprises less than 5.5 micromoles of a zinc binding material per gram of the particulate zinc material/per m.sup.2/gram surface area of the particulate zinc material.
13. A composition according to claim 12 wherein the zinc binding material is selected from the group comprising laurate, citrate, valerate, oxalate, tartrate, iodate, thiocyanate, cyanide, sulfide, pyrophosphate, phosphate and mixtures thereof.
14. A composition according to claim 13 wherein the zinc binding material is laurate.
15. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the zinc pyrithione is present from about 0.01% to about 5%.
16. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the detersive surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic.
17. A composition according to claim 16 wherein the surfactant is anionic.
18. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the pH is greater than 6.5.
19. A composition according to claim 18 wherein the pH is from about 6.8 to about 9.5.
20. A composition according to claim 19 wherein the pH is from about 6.8 to about 8.5.
21. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the particulate zinc material has a relative zinc lability of greater than 20%.
22. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the particulate zinc material has a relative zinc lability of greater than 25%.
23. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the particulate zinc material is selected from the group consisting of inorganic materials, natural zinc sources, ores, minerals, organic salts, polymeric salts, or physically adsorbed from material and mixtures thereof.
24. A composition according to claim 23 wherein the inorganic materials is selected from the group consisting of zinc aluminate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, calamine, zinc phosphate, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, zinc silicates, zinc silicofluoride, zinc borate, or zinc hydroxide and zinc hydroxy sulfate, zinc-containing layered material and mixtures thereof.
25. A composition according to claim 24 the zinc-containing layered material is selected from the group consisting of basic zinc carbonate, zinc carbonate hydroxide, hydrozincite, zinc copper carbonate hydroxide, aurichalcite, copper zinc carbonate hydroxide, rosasite, phyllosilicate containing zinc ions, layered double hydroxide, hydroxy double salts and mixtures thereof.
26. A composition according to claim 25 wherein the zinc-containing layered material is selected from the group consisting of zinc carbonate hydroxide, hydrozincite, basic zinc carbonate and mixtures thereof.
27. A composition according to claim 26 wherein the zinc-containing layered material is hydrozincite or basic zinc carbonate.
28. A composition according to claim 27 wherein the zinc-containing layered material is basic zinc carbonate.
29. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises a cationic deposition polymer.
30. A composition according to claim 29 wherein the cationic polymer has a trimethylamine level of less than 45 ppm.
31. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises a conditioning agent.
32. A composition according to claim 31 wherein the conditioning agent is a silicone.
33. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises a suspending agent.
34. A composition according to claim 33 wherein the suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of crystalline suspending agent, polymeric suspending agent or mixtures thereof.
35. A composition according to claim 34 wherein the suspending agent is a crystalline suspending agent.
36. A method of treating dandruff comprising the use of the composition of claim 1.
37. A process for preparing a shampoo composition according to claim 1, said process comprising the steps of: a) combining a fatty amphiphile, a secondary surfactant, and water at a temperature sufficient to allow partitioning of said secondary surfactant and said water into said fatty amphiphile to form a pre-mix; b) cooling said pre-mix below the chain melt temperature of said fatty amphiphile to form a gel network; c) combining said gel network, particulate zinc material, and pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione to one or more detersive surfactants and an aqueous carrier to form a shampoo composition.
The present invention relates to a composition comprising an effective amount of a particulate zinc material, a surfactant with an anionic functional group, an effective amount of a pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione and a gel network comprising a fatty amphiphile. More particularly, the present invention relates to personal care compositions and methods for the treatment of dandruff and compositions, which provide improved anti-dandruff activity.
Despite the options available, consumers still desire a shampoo that provides superior anti-dandruff efficacy along with improved conditioning benefit for dry hair, while not interfering with the cleansing or anti-dandruff efficacy, nor providing negative feel to the hair when it is dried. Such a combination can be difficult.
Coacervate formation in a shampoo composition is known to be advantageous for providing conditioning benefits to the hair. The use of cationic polymers to form coacervate is known in the art, such as in PCT publications WO 93/08787 and WO 95/01152. However, these shampoo compositions are good for delivering wet hair conditioning but are not capable of delivering satisfactory dry hair clean/smooth feel.
Based on the foregoing, there is a need for a conditioning shampoo which can provide improved conditioning benefit for dry hair, while not interfering with the cleansing efficacy, nor providing negative feel to the hair when it is dried. Specifically, there is a need for a shampoo which provides superior anti-dandruff efficacy and further provides long lasting moisturized feel, clean/smooth feel, and manageability control to the hair when the hair is dried, yet not leave the hair feeling greasy, as well as to provide softness and ease of combing when the hair is wet.
An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition comprising an effective amount of a particulate zinc material, an effective amount of a detersive surfactant including a surfactant with an anionic functional group, an effective amount of a pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione; a dispersed gel network phase comprising: i) at least about 0.05% of one or more fatty amphiphiles, by weight of said shampoo composition; ii) at least about 0.01% of one or more secondary surfactants, by weight of said shampoo composition; and iii) water; and at least about 20% of an aqueous carrier, by weight of said shampoo composition.
It has now surprisingly been found, in accordance with the present invention, that anti-dandruff efficacy can be dramatically increased in topical compositions by the combination of an effective amount of a particulate zinc material with a surfactant with an anionic functional group and such topical compositions can further provide provides long lasting moisturized feel, clean/smooth feel, and manageability control to the hair when the hair is dried, by the use of a gel network in such topical compositions.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the particulate zinc material has a specified zinc lability within a surfactant system. Zinc lability is a measure of the chemical availability of zinc ion. Soluble zinc salts that do not complex with other species in solution have a relative zinc lability, by definition, of 100%. The use of partially soluble forms of zinc salts and/or incorporation in a matrix with potential complexants generally lowers the zinc lability substantially below the defined 100% maximum.
It has now surprisingly been found, in accordance with the present invention, that anti-dandruff efficacy can be dramatically increased in topical compositions by the use of polyvalent metal salts of pyrithione, such as zinc pyrithione, in combination with particulate zinc materials, and further provide improved conditioning benefits by comprising a gel network. Therefore an embodiment of the present invention provides topical compositions with improved benefits to the skin and scalp (e.g., improved antidandruff efficacy and improved conditioning).
An embodiment of the present invention provides a stable composition for particulate zinc material dispersion where the zinc source resides in a particulate form. It has been shown to be challenging to formulate aqueous systems containing a particulate zinc material, due to the particulate zinc material's unique physical and chemical properties. Particulate zinc material may have a high density (approximately 3 g/cm.sup.3), and needs to be evenly dispersed throughout the product and so it will not aggregate or settle. Particulate zinc material also has a very-reactive surface chemistry as well as the propensity to dissolve in systems with pH values below 6.5. Further, it has been surprisingly found that the particulate zinc material will remain labile, in the presence of a surfactant with an anionic functional group.
A particulate zinc material with a solubility of less than 25% will have a measurable % soluble zinc value below a threshold value determined by the weight percent and molecular weight of the zinc compound. The theoretical threshold value can be calculated by the following equation:
An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition comprising an effective amount of a particulate zinc material having a aqueous solubility of less than about 25% by weight at 25.degree. C.; an effective amount of a surfactant including a detersive surfactant with an anionic functional group; an effective amount of a pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione; a dispersed gel network phase comprising: i) at least about 0.05% of one or more fatty amphiphiles, by weight of said shampoo composition; ii) at least about 0.01% of one or more secondary surfactants, by weight of said shampoo composition; and iii) water; and at least about 20% of an aqueous carrier, by weight of said shampoo composition further wherein the pH of the composition is greater than about 6.5.
These, and other benefits, will become readily apparent from the detailed description.
Except as otherwise noted, the articles "a", "an", and "the" mean "one or more"
Herein, "effective" means an amount of a subject active high enough to provide a significant positive modification of the condition to be treated. An effective amount of the subject active will vary with the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of the treatment, the nature of concurrent treatment, and like factors.
The term "water soluble" as used herein means that the material is soluble in water in the present composition. In general, the material should be soluble at 25.degree. C. at a concentration of 0.1% by weight of the water solvent, preferably at 1%, more preferably at 5%, more preferably at 15%.
The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise one or more detersive surfactants, a particulate zinc material, a pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione, a dispersed gel network phase, and an aqueous carrier. Each of these essential components, as well as preferred or optional components, is described in detail hereinafter.
Zinc aluminate, Zinc carbonate, Zinc oxide and materials containing zinc oxide (i.e., calamine), Zinc phosphates (i.e., orthophosphate and pyrophosphate), Zinc selenide, Zinc sulfide, Zinc silicates (i.e., ortho- and meta-zinc silicates), Zinc silicofluoride, Zinc Borate, Zinc hydroxide and hydroxy sulfate, zinc-containing layered materials and combinations thereof.
Further, layered structures are those with crystal growth primarily occurring in two dimensions. It is conventional to describe layer structures as not only those in which all the atoms are incorporated in well-defined layers, but also those in which there are ions or molecules between the layers, called gallery ions (A. F. Wells "Structural Inorganic Chemistry" Clarendon Press, 1975). Zinc-containing layered materials (ZLM's) may have zinc incorporated in the layers and/or as more labile components of the gallery ions.
Another common class of ZLM's, which are often, but not always, synthetic, is layered doubly hydroxides, which are generally represented by the formula [M.sup.2+.sub.1-xM.sup.3+.sub.x(OH).sub.2].sup.x+A.sup.m-.sub.x/m.nH.sub.- 2O and some or all of the divalent ions (M.sup.2+) would be represented as zinc ions (Crepaldi, E L, Pava, P C, Tronto, J, Valim, J B J. Colloid Interfac. Sci. 2002, 248, 429-42).
Yet another class of ZLM's can be prepared called hydroxy double salts (Morioka, H., Tagaya, H., Karasu, M, Kadokawa, J, Chiba, K Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 4211-6). Hydroxy double salts can be represented by the general formula [M.sup.2+.sub.1-xM.sup.2+.sub.1+x(OH).sub.3(1-y)].sup.+A.sup.n-.s- ub.(1=3y)/n.nH.sub.2O where the two metal ion may be different; if they are the same and represented by zinc, the formula simplifies to [Zn.sub.1+x(OH).sub.2].sup.2x+2xA.sup.-.nH.sub.2O. This latter formula represents (where x=0.4) common materials such as zinc hydroxychloride and zinc hydroxynitrate. These are related to hydrozincite as well wherein the divalent anion is replaced by a monovalent anion. These materials can also be formed in situ in a composition or in or during a production process.
Natural Zinc Containing Materials/Ores and Minerals:
Sphalerite (zinc blende), Wurtzite, Smithsonite, Franklinite, Zincite, Willemite, Troostite, Hemimorphite and combinations thereof.
Zinc fatty acid salts (i.e., caproate, laurate, oleate, stearate, etc.), Zinc salts of alkyl sulfonic acids, Zinc naphthenate, Zinc tartrate, Zinc tannate, Zinc phytate, Zinc monoglycerolate, Zinc allantoinate, Zinc urate, Zinc amino acid salts (i.e., methionate, phenylalinate, tryptophanate, cysteinate, etc) and combinations thereof.
Polymeric Salts:
Zinc polycarboxylates (i.e., polyacrylate), Zinc polysulfate and combinations thereof.
Physically Adsorbed Forms:
Zinc-loaded ion exchange resins, Zinc adsorbed on particle surfaces, Composite particles in which zinc salts are incorporated, (i.e., as core/shell or aggregate morphologies) and combinations thereof.
zinc oxalate, zinc tannate, zinc tartrate, zinc citrate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxide, zinc oleate, zinc phosphate, zinc silicate, zinc stearate, zinc sulfide, zinc undecylate, and the like, and mixtures thereof, preferably zinc oxide or zinc carbonate basic.
Basic zinc carbonate, which also may be referred to commercially as "Zinc Carbonate" or "Zinc Carbonate Basic" or "Zinc Hydroxy Carbonate", is a synthetic version consisting of materials similar to naturally occurring hydrozincite. The idealized stoichiometry is represented by Zn.sub.5(OH).sub.6(CO.sub.3).sub.2 but the actual stoichiometric ratios can vary slightly and other impurities may be incorporated in the crystal lattice.
In an embodiment of the present invention, it is has been found that a smaller particle size is inversely proportional to relative zinc lability. In an embodiment of the present invention, the particulate zinc material may have a particle size distribution wherein 90% of the particles are less than about 50 microns.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there may be a direct relationship between surface area and relative zinc lability. Increased particle surface area generally increases zinc lability due to kinetic factors. Particulate surface area can be increased by decreasing particle size and/or altering the particle morphology to result in a porous particle or one whose overall shape deviates geometrically from sphericity. In an embodiment of the present invention, the basic zinc carbonate may have a surface area of greater than about 10 m.sup.2/gm.
Materials which have a high affinity for zinc and have the tendency to result in the formation of insoluble complexes of zinc can foul the surface of particulate zinc materials (PZM's). By "fouling" it is meant the formation of an insoluble surface layer of the zinc binding material (ZBM) zinc salt which interferes with the kinetic lability of zinc from the base PZM material. The magnitude of negative effect of ZBM's is the product of the strength of association to zinc and the relative amount of the ZBM (relative to the PZM surface area). The PZM's can tolerate a portion of surface coverage without substantial inhibition of kinetic lability.
Those materials with high potential to bind to the PZM surface are ZBM's that form only sparingly soluble salts with zinc in water. "Sparingly soluble" refers to zinc salts with 1 gram (g)/100 g water solubility or less. These are the materials that form precipitated surface species on the PZM that interfere with zinc lability. Some non-limiting examples of zinc binding materials are laurate, citrate, valerate, oxalate, tartrate, iodate, thiocyanate, cyanide, sulfide, pyrophosphate, phosphate and mixtures thereof. A summary of the solubilities of common zinc salts and further disclosure of zinc biding material is found in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on pages 9-12 and incorporated by reference herein.
Many common raw materials may be sources for inadvertent ZBM's. In the case of fatty acids, for example, any material which originates from triglycerides or fatty acids will likely contain some level of fatty acid ZBM in the raw material as used.
Maximization of zinc lability from PZM's requires either complete avoidance of the presence of ZBM's or limiting the amount of the material to avoid complete coverage of the surface area of the PZM (i.e., saturation). An approximation of the amount of ZBM required to completely cover a PZM can be calculated based on effective surface area of the PZM and a knowledge of how tightly the ZBM can pack on the surface. The following example is illustrative of the process of approximating how much ZBM is certain to saturate and foul the entire PZM surface. It will be calculated for the general case in which a ZBM packs on the surface in a manner analogous to a surfactant adsorbing at an oil-water interface. In this case, a common value for surface area occupied per molecule is 30 .ANG..sup.2 (equivalent to 3.times.10.sup.-7.mu..sup.2). It will be calculated per gram of a PZM with a measured surface area (SA, in m.sup.2/g):
.times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..ti- mes..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times.- .times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..tim- es..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..- times..times..times..times..times..times. ##EQU00002## Thus, 5.5 micromoles of ZBM will saturate 1 g of a PZM with a surface area of 1 m.sup.2/g. Therefore, for the present invention, it is desirable that the composition comprises less than 5.5 micromoles of a zinc binding material (ZBM) per gram (g) of a particulate zinc material (PZM)/per m.sup.2/g surface area of a particulate zinc material (PZM).
For an example of zinc carbonate (a PZM) with a surface area of 30 m.sup.2/g and laurate as the ZBM, the calculation then becomes:
Thus, approximately 0.03 g of laurate would saturate and foul the surface of one gram of a zinc carbonate PZM with the specified surface area. Based on this type of analysis, other "fouling levels" can be established for the specific ZBM-PZM combination. However, this example provides an approximation of the range of levels that need to be controlled to assure zinc lability of the PZM.
In a preferred embodiment, the present may comprise pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione. Any form of polyvalent metal pyrithione salts may be used, including platelet and needle structures. Preferred salts for use herein include those formed from the polyvalent metals magnesium, barium, bismuth, strontium, copper, zinc, cadmium, zirconium and mixtures thereof, more preferably zinc. Even more preferred for use herein is the zinc salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (known as "zinc pyrithione" or "ZPT"); more preferably ZPT in platelet particle form, wherein the particles have an average size of up to about 20 .mu.m, preferably up to about 5 .mu.m, more preferably up to about 2.5 .mu.m.
In embodiments having a particulate zinc material and a pyrithione or polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione,
the ratio of particulate zinc material to pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione is preferably from 5:100 to 10:1; more preferably from about 2:10 to 5:1; more preferably still from 1:2 to 3:1.
Preferred anionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions are the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. These materials have the respective formulae ROSO.sub.3M and RO(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.xSO.sub.3M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is an integer having a value of from 1 to 10, and M is a cation such as ammonium, alkanolamines, such as triethanolamine, monovalent metals, such as sodium and potassium, and polyvalent metal cations, such as magnesium, and calcium.
Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are the water-soluble salts of organic, sulfuric acid reaction products conforming to the formula [R.sup.1--SO.sub.3-M] where R.sup.1 is a straight or branched chain, saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to about 24, preferably about 10 to about 18, carbon atoms; and M is a cation described hereinbefore.
##STR00001## where R.sup.1 is a straight chain alkyl group having from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 carbon atom, and M is a water-soluble cation as described hereinbefore.
The composition of the present invention may include additional dispersed particles. In the compositions of the present invention, it is preferable to incorporate at least 0.025% by weight of the dispersed particles, more preferably at least 0.05%, still more preferably at least 0.1%, even more preferably at least 0.25%, and yet more preferably at least 0.5% by weight of the dispersed particles. In one embodiment of the present invention, particles useful can be inorganic, synthetic, or semi-synthetic in origin. In the compositions of the present invention, it is preferable to incorporate no more than about 20% by weight of the dispersed particles, more preferably no more than about 10%, still more preferably no more than 5%, even more preferably no more than 3%, and yet more preferably no more than 2% by weight of the dispersed particles
The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise a dispersed gel network phase comprising a fatty amphiphile. The gel network phase is included in shampoo compositions of the present invention to provide conditioning benefits. As used herein, the term "gel network" refers to a lamellar or vesicular solid crystalline phase which comprises at least one fatty amphiphile as specified below, at least one secondary surfactant as specified below, and water or other suitable solvents. The lamellar or vesicular phase comprises bi-layers made up of a first layer comprising the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant and alternating with a second layer comprising the water or other suitable solvent. The term "solid crystalline", as used herein, refers to the structure of the lamellar or vesicular phase which forms at a temperature below the chain melt temperature of the layer in the gel network comprising the one or more fatty amphiphiles, the chain melt temperature being at least about 27.degree. C. The chain melt temperature may be measured by differential scanning calorimetry, a method of which is described in the Examples below.
Gel networks, generally, are further described by G. M. Eccleston, "Functions of Mixed Emulsifiers and Emulsifying Waxes in Dermatological Lotions and Creams", Colloids and Surfaces A: Physiochem. and Eng. Aspects 123-124 (1997) 169-182; and by G. M Eccleston, "The Microstructure of Semisolid Creams", Pharmacy International, Vol. 7, 63-70 (1986).
In an embodiment of the present invention, the dispersed gel network phase is pre-formed. The term "pre-formed", as used herein, means that the mixture of the fatty amphiphile, secondary surfactant, and water or other suitable solvent is substantially a solid crystalline phase when added to the other components of the shampoo composition.
According to this embodiment of the present invention, the gel network component of the present invention is prepared as a separate pre-mix, which, after being cooled, is subsequently incorporated with the detersive surfactant and the other components of the shampoo composition. More specifically, the gel network component of the present invention may be prepared by heating the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant, and water to a temperature of at least about 3 deg C. higher than the melting point of the highest melting-point material in the gel network phase, and mixing. This mixture is cooled to a level in the range of about 27.degree. C. to about 35.degree. C. by, for example, passing the mixture through a heat exchanger. As a result of this cooling step, the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant crystallize to form a solid crystalline gel network.
The gel network component of the present invention comprises at least one fatty amphiphile. As used herein, "fatty amphiphile" refers to a compound having a hydrophobic tail group of R.sub.1 as defined below and a hydrophilic head group which does not make the compound water soluble, wherein the compound also has a net neutral charge at the pH of the shampoo composition. The term "water soluble", as used herein, means that the material is soluble in water in the present composition. In general, the material should be soluble at 25.degree. C. at a concentration of 0.1% by weight of the water solvent, preferably at 1%, more preferably at 5%, more preferably at 15%.
According to the present invention, suitable fatty amphiphiles, or suitable mixtures of two or more fatty amphiphiles, have a melting point of at least about 27.degree. C. The melting point, as used herein, may be measured by a standard melting point method as described in U.S. Pharmacopeia, USP-NF General Chapter <741> "Melting range or temperature". The melting point of a mixture of two or more materials is determined by mixing the two or more materials at a temperature above the respective melt points and then allowing the mixture to cool. If the resulting composite is a homogeneous solid below about 27.degree. C., then the mixture has a suitable melting point for use in the present invention. A mixture of two or more fatty amphiphiles, wherein the mixture comprises at least one fatty amphiphile having an individual melting point of less than about 27.degree. C., still is suitable for use in the present invention provided that the composite melting point of the mixture is at least about 27.degree. C.
According to the present invention, suitable fatty amphiphiles have a hydrophobic tail group of R.sub.1. As used herein, R.sub.1 is an alkyl, alkenyl (containing up to 3 double bonds), alkyl aromatic, or branched alkyl group of C.sub.12-C.sub.70 length. Non-limiting examples of alkyl, alkenyl, or branched alkyl groups suitable for the fatty amphiphiles of the present invention include lauryl, tridecyl, myristyl, pentadecyl, cetyl, heptadecyl, stearyl, arachidyl, behenyl, undecylenyl, palmitoleyl, oleyl, palmoleyl, linoleyl, linolenyl, arahchidonyl, elaidyl, elaeostearyl, erucyl, isolauryl, isotridecyl, isomyristal, isopentadecyl, petroselinyl, isocetyl, isoheptadecyl, isostearyl, isoarachidyl, isobehnyl, gadoleyl, brassidyl, and technical-grade mixture thereof.
As used herein, R.sub.1 also may be a branched alkyl group prepared by alkaline condensation of alcohols to give higher molecular weight, branched isoalcohols. These branched isoalcohols are referred to in the art as Guerbet alcohols.
R.sub.1 may be alkyl, alkenyl or branched carbon chains of vegetable origin, such as wheat germ, sunflower, grape seed, sesame, maize, apricot, castor, avocado, olive, soybean, sweet almond, palm, rapeseed, cotton seed, hazelnut, macadamia, karite, jojoba, alfalfa, poppy, pumpkinseed, sesame, cucumber, blackcurrant, evening primrose, millet, barley, quinoa, rye, safflower, candlenut, passion flower or musk rose oil, and karite butter.
Suitable fatty amphiphiles of the present invention also have a hydrophilic head group which does not make the compound water soluble, such as in compounds having an HLB of 6 or less. Non-limiting examples of classes of compounds having such a hydrophilic head group include fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty phenols, alkoxylated fatty phenols, fatty amides, alkyoxylated fatty amides, fatty amines, fatty alkylamidoalkylamines, fatty alkyoxyalted amines, fatty carbamates, fatty amine oxides, alkoxylated fatty acids, fatty diesters, fatty sorbitan esters, fatty sugar esters, methyl glucoside esters, fatty glycol esters, mono, di & tri glycerides, polyglycerine fatty esters, alkyl glyceryl ethers, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, cholesterol, ceramides, fatty silicone waxes, fatty glucose amides, and phospholipids.
a. Fatty Alcohols/Alkoxylated Fatty Alcohol Ethers
Fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may be selected from fatty alcohol compounds or alkoxylated fatty alcohol ether compounds according to the following formula: R.sub.1--(OR.sub.2).sub.k--OH wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; and k is a number ranging from about 0 to about 5.
The fatty alcohols useful herein are those having from about 12 to about 60 carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 60 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols may be straight or branched chain alcohols and may be saturated or unsaturated. Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, C20-40 alcohols, C30-50 alcohols, C40-60 alcohols, and mixtures thereof.
Fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may be selected from di-fatty ether compounds according to the following formula: R'.sub.1--(OR.sub.2).sub.k--Z--(R.sub.2O).sub.l--R''.sub.1 wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l each is independently a number such that the sum (k+l) has a value ranging from 1 to 30; and Z is an ether (i.e., --O--) or an amine (i.e., --NR.sub.2--, wherein R.sub.2 is as described immediately above).
Compounds of the above formula in which Z is an ether (i.e., dialkyl oxyethyl ethers) may be prepared by esterification processes, which are known in the art, of fatty alcohols and fatty alkyl oxyethanols. Compounds of the above formula in which Z is an amine group may be obtained, for example, from triethanolamine by O-alkylation with 2 mol of a sulfuric half-ester salt of a C.sub.12-C.sub.60 fatty alcohol, according to a process for the preparation of ether amines described in DE 35 04 242.
c. Fatty Amides/Fatty Alkanolamides/Fatty Alkoxylated Amides
##STR00002## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l each is independently a number such that the sum (k+l) has a value ranging from 0 to 10; and X and Y are each independently selected from hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted, morpholine, or a C.sub.5-C.sub.50 carbon chain bonded via an amide, ester, or ether linkage.
Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty amides, fatty alkanolamides or fatty alkoxylated amides are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on pages 15-16 and incorporated by reference herein.
##STR00003## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l each is independently a number such that the sum (k+l) has a value ranging from 0 to 10; and X and Y each is independently selected from hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted, morpholine, or a C.sub.5-C.sub.50 carbon chain bonded via an amide, ester, or ether linkage.
##STR00004## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l each is independently a number such that the sum (k+l) has a value ranging from 0 to 10; X and Y each is independently selected from hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted, morpholine, or a C.sub.5-C.sub.50 carbon chain bonded via an amide, ester, or ether linkage; and n is a number ranging from about 1 to about 4.
Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty alkylamido alkylamine compounds are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on pages 16-17 and incorporated by reference herein.
f. Fatty Amines/Fatty Alkanolamines/Fatty Alkoxylated Amines
##STR00005## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; and R'.sub.5 and R''.sub.5 are independently hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted.
##STR00006## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l each is independently a number such that the sum (k+l) has a value ranging from 0 to 10; X and Y each is independently hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted, morpholine, or a C.sub.5-C.sub.50 carbon chain bonded via amide, ester, or ether linkage; n is a number ranging from about 1 to about 4; and Z is an ether (i.e., --O--) or an amine (i.e., --NH--).
Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty amine and fatty alkoxylated amine compounds are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on pages 17-18 and incorporated by reference herein.
##STR00007## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l each is independently a number such that the sum (k+l) has a value ranging from 0 to 10; X and Y each is independently hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted, morpholine, or a C.sub.5-C.sub.50 carbon chain bonded via an amide, ester, or ether linkage; Z is an ether (i.e., --O--) or an amide (i.e., --C(O)--NH--) linkage; and n is a number ranging from about 1 to about 4. In accord with known convention, the arrow in the above formula is representative of a semi-polar bond.
Non-limiting examples of suitable amine oxide compounds include are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on pages 18-19 and incorporated by reference herein.
h. Alkoxylated Fatty Acid
##STR00008## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; and k is a number ranging from about 1 to about 5.
Non-limiting examples of suitable alkoxylated fatty acids include PEG-8 behenate, PEG-5 cocoate, PEG-10 cocoate, PEG-2 laurate, PEG-4 laurate PEG-6 laurate, PEG-8 laurate, PEG-9 laurate, PEG-10 laurate, PEG-7 oleate, PEG-2 stearate, PEG-3 stearate, PEG-4 stearate, PEG-5 stearate, PEG-6 stearate, PEG-7 stearate, PEG-8 stearate, PEG-9 stearate, PEG-10 stearate, polyglyceryl-2-PEG-4 stearate, PPG-2 isostearate, and PPG-9 laurate.
##STR00009## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k is a number ranging from about 1 to about 5; and R.sub.6 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 carbon chain or an alkylcarbonyl (i.e.,
##STR00010## wherein R.sub.7 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 carbon chain).
Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty ester compounds are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on pages 19-20 and incorporated by reference herein
##STR00011## wherein R'.sub.8, R''.sub.8, and R'''8 each is independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k', k'', and k''' each is independently a number such that the sum (k'+k''+k''') has a value ranging from 0 to 15; R'.sub.2, R''.sub.2, and R'''.sub.2 each is independently selected from a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; and where R'.sub.10, R''.sub.10, R'''.sub.10 each is independently selected form hydrogen or R.sub.1, where R.sub.1 is as defined above, provided that at least one of R'.sub.10, R''.sub.10, and R'''.sub.10 is a R.sub.1 group.
Still other suitable fatty esters are di- and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids, such as esters of C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 dicarboxylic acids (e.g., C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 esters, preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.6, of succinic acid, glutaric acid, and adipic acid). Specific non-limiting examples of di- and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids include isocetyl stearyol stearate, stearyl citrate, distearyl citrate and tristearyl citrate.
##STR00012## wherein R'.sub.2, R''.sub.2, and R'''.sub.2 each is independently selected from a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; R'.sub.8, R''.sub.8, and R'''8 each is independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k', k'', and k''' each is independently a number such that the sum (k'+k''+k''') has a value ranging from 0 to 15; and R'.sub.9, R''.sub.9, and R'''9 each is independently selected from hydrogen or alkylcarbonyl (i.e.,
##STR00013## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above), provided that at least one of R'.sub.9, R''.sub.9, and R'''.sub.9 is a
##STR00014## group.
Other suitable fatty esters are those known as polyhydric alcohol esters. Such polyhydric alcohol esters include those disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on page 21 and incorporated by reference herein.
Still other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are glycerides, including, but not limited to, mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides, preferably mono- and di-glycerides, more preferably mono-glycerides. For use in the compositions described herein, the glycerides are preferably the mono-, di-, and tri-esters of glycerol and long chain carboxylic acids, such as C.sub.12 to C.sub.22 carboxylic acids. A variety of these types of materials can be obtained from vegetable and animal fats and oils, such as castor oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil, lanolin and soybean oil. Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, triolein and tristearin glyceryl dilaurate.
##STR00015## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k is a number ranging from about 0 to about 5; and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted. In accord with known convention, the arrow in the above formula is representative of a semi-polar bond.
Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty phosphorus compounds include those disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on page 22 and incorporated by reference herein.
##STR00016## wherein R'.sub.2, R''.sub.2, R'''.sub.2, and R''''.sub.2 each is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; R'.sub.9, R''.sub.9, R'''.sub.9, and R''''.sub.9 each is independently hydrogen or alkylcarbonyl (i.e.,
##STR00017## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above), provided that at least one of R'.sub.9, R''.sub.9, R'''.sub.9, and R''''.sub.9 is a
##STR00018## group; and k', k'', k''', and k'''' each is independently a number such that the sum (k'+k''+k'''+k'''') has a value ranging from 0 to 20.
Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty sorbitan derivatives include those disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on pages 22-23 and incorporated by reference herein.
l. Sucrose Polyesters
##STR00019## wherein R'.sub.9, R''.sub.9, R'''.sub.9, R''''.sub.9, R'''''.sub.9, R''''''.sub.9, R'''''''9, and R''''''''.sub.9 each is hydrogen or alkylcarbonyl (i.e.,
##STR00020## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above), provided that at least one of R'.sub.9, R''.sub.9, R'''.sub.9, R''''.sub.9, R'''''.sub.9, R''''''.sub.9, R'''''''.sub.9, and R''''''''.sub.9, is a
##STR00021## group.
Non-limiting examples of suitable sucrose polyester compounds include those disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on pages 23-24 and incorporated by reference herein.
##STR00022## wherein R.sub.1 is as described above; R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted; k is a number ranging from about 0 to about 10; and X and Y each is independently selected from hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain which can be branched or hydroxy substituted.
Non-limiting examples of suitable alkyl sulfoxide compounds include those disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed Sep. 16, 2005 on pages 24-25 and incorporated by reference herein.
Suitable quaternary ammonium salts have the following general formula: N.sup.+(R.sub.1R.sub.2R.sub.3R.sub.4)X.sup.- wherein R.sub.1 is selected from linear and branched radicals comprising from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is selected from linear and branched radicals comprising from about 8 to 12 carbon atoms or the same group as radicals R.sub.3 and R.sub.4; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from linear and branched aliphatic radicals comprising from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and aromatic radicals such as aryl and alkylaryl, wherein the aliphatic radicals may comprise at least one hetero atom such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and halogens, and the aliphatic radicals are chosen, for example, from alkyl, alkoxy, and alkylamide radicals; and X-- is an anion selected from halides such as chloride, bromide, and iodide, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkyl sulphates, such as methyl sulphate, phosphates, alkyl, and alkylaryl sulphonates, and anions derived from organic acids, such as acetate and lactate.
Suitable amido-amine cationic surfactants have the following general formula: R'.sub.1--CONH(CH.sub.2)nNR'.sub.2R'.sub.3 wherein R'.sub.1 is selected from linear and branched radicals comprising about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; R'.sub.2 and R'.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, linear and branched aliphatic radicals comprising from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and aromatic radicals such as aryl and alkylaryl, wherein the aliphatic radicals may comprise at least one hetero atom such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and halogens, and the aliphatic radicals are chosen, for example, from alkyl, alkoxy and alkylamide radicals; and n is an integer from about 1 to about 4.
Non-limiting examples of such suitable amido-amines include stearamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldiethylamine, behenamidoethyldiethyl-amine, behenamidoethyldimethylamine, arachidamidopropyldimethylamine, arachidamidopropyldiethylamine, arachidamidoethyldiethylamine, arachidamidoethyldimethylamine, and mixtures thereof.
Also suitable for use as nonionic surfactants are nonionic surfactants having an HLB of 7 or more which are free of polyethyleneoxide chains. Nonionic surfactants free of polyethyleneoxide chains include polyglycerolated fatty acids, polyglycerolated fatty amides, polyglycerolated alkyl phenols, polyglycerolated .alpha.-diols, polyglycerolated alcohols, alkyl polyglucosides, and sugar esters. Preferably, suitable nonionic surfactants free of polyethyleneoxide chains are selected from alkyl polyglucosides, sugar esters, polyglyceryl fatty acid esters, alkyl polyglyceryl ethers, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable secondary surfactants of the present invention also include so-called gemini surfactants. Gemini surfactants are generally described by F. M. Menger and C. A. Littau, "Gemini Surfactants: A New Class of Self-Assembling Molecules", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10083-10090; and by B. S. Sekon, "Gemini (dimeric) Surfactants: The Two Faced Molecules", Resonance, 42-49 (March 2004). Examples of suitable gemini surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,922,671; 6,204,297; 6,358,914; 6,710,022; 6,777,384; 6,794,345; and 6,797,687.
The gel network component of the present invention also comprises water or suitable solvents. The water or suitable solvent and the secondary surfactant together contribute to the swelling of the fatty amphiphile. This, in turn, leads to the formation and the stability of the gel network. As used herein, the term "suitable solvent" refers to any solvent which can be used in the place of or in combination with water in the formation of the gel network of the present invention.
The compositions of the present invention are typically in the form of pourable liquids (under ambient conditions). The compositions will therefore typically comprise an aqueous carrier, which is present at least about 20% of an aqueous carrier, by weight of a shampoo composition, and in a further embodiment, an aqueous carrier is present at a level of from about 20% to about 95%, preferably from about 60% to about 85%. The aqueous carrier may comprise water, or a miscible mixture of water and organic solvent, but preferably comprises water with minimal or no significant concentrations of organic solvent, except as otherwise incidentally incorporated into the composition as minor ingredients of other essential or optional components.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the deposition aid is a cationic polymer.
The compositions of the present invention may contain a cationic polymer. Concentrations of the cationic polymer in the composition typically range from about 0.05% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.075% to about 2.0%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.0%. Preferred cationic polymers will have cationic charge densities of at least about 0.4 meq/gm, preferably at least about 1.2 meq/gm, more preferably at least about 1.5 meq/gm, but also preferably less than about 7 meq/gm, more preferably less than about 5 meq/gm. Herein, "cationic charge density" of a polymer refers to the ratio of the number of positive charges on the polymer to the molecular weight of the polymer. The average molecular weight of such suitable cationic polymers will generally be between about 10,000 and 10 million, preferably between about 50,000 and about 5 million, more preferably between about 100,000 and about 3 million.
Other suitable cationic polymers for use in the compositions include copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium salt (e.g., chloride salt) (referred to in the industry by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, "CTFA", as Polyquaternium-16); copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (referred to in the industry by CTFA as Polyquaternium-11); cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers, including, for example, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer, copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (referred to in the industry by CTFA as Polyquaternium 6 and Polyquaternium 7, respectively); amphoteric copolymers of acrylic acid including copolymers of acrylic acid and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (referred to in the industry by CTFA as Polyquaternium 22), terpolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide (referred to in the industry by CTFA as Polyquaternium 39), and terpolymers of acrylic acid with methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride and methylacrylate (referred to in the industry by CTFA as Polyquaternium 47). Preferred cationic substituted monomers are the cationic substituted dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamides, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamides, and combinations thereof. These preferred monomers conform the to the formula
wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or a short chain alkyl having from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 1 to about 2 carbon atoms; n is an integer having a value of from about 1 to about 8, preferably from about 1 to about 4; and X is a counterion. The nitrogen attached to R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be a protonated amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), but is preferably a quaternary ammonium wherein each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkyl groups a non limiting example of which is polymethyacrylamidopropyl trimonium chloride, available under the trade name Polycare 133, from Rhone-Poulenc, Cranberry, N.J., U.S.A.
##STR00024## wherein A is an anhydroglucose residual group, such as a starch or cellulose anhydroglucose residual; R is an alkylene oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group, or combination thereof; R1, R2, and R3 independently are alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms for each cationic moiety (i.e., the sum of carbon atoms in R1, R2 and R3) preferably being about 20 or less; and X is an anionic counterion as described in hereinbefore.
Other suitable cationic polymers include cationic guar gum derivatives, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, specific examples of which include the Jaguar series commercially available from Rhone-Poulenc Incorporated and the N-Hance series commercially available from Aqualon Division of Hercules, Inc. Other suitable cationic polymers include quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers, some examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,418. Other suitable cationic polymers include copolymers of etherified cellulose, guar and starch, some examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,958,581. Guar is an example of one type of galactomannan polymer, specifically having a mannose to galactose ratio of 2 monomers of mannose to 1 monomer of galactose. Another suitable cationic polymer includes galactomannan polymer derivatives with a net positive charge and having a mannose to galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis (i.e., non-guar galactomannan polymers). The gum for use in preparing the non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives is typically obtained as naturally occurring material such as seeds or beans from plants. Examples of various non-guar galactomannan polymers include but are not limited to tara gum (3 parts mannose/1 part galactose), locust bean or carob (4 parts mannose/1 part galactose), and cassia gum (5 parts mannose/1 part galactose). When used, the cationic polymers herein are either soluble in the composition or are soluble in a complex coacervate phase in the composition formed by the cationic polymer and the anionic, amphoteric and/or zwitterionic detersive surfactant component described hereinbefore. Complex coacervates of the cationic polymer can also be formed with other charged materials in the composition.
A potential side reaction that may occur during the quaternization reaction of a cationic polymer production process is the formation of trimethylamine (TMA). While not intending to be limited by theory, the presence of TMA as an impurity in a cationic polymer containing composition at a pH greater than 6.8 may be found to be the source of an amine off-odor or fishy off-odor. It has surprisingly been discovered that pH has a significant effect on the level of TMA evolved into the headspace of the composition--in particular, the level of TMA in the headspace increases as the pH increases. Headspace is commonly referred to as the volume above a liquid or solid in a closed container. In turn, the level of amine off-odor can be found to be proportional to the level of TMA present in the headspace. Additionally, it has been discovered that it is possible to reverse the TMA evolution into the headspace by lowering the pH of the composition, as demonstrated and discussed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on pages 22-26 and incorporated by reference herein.
Therefore, in order to produce an acceptable composition having a pH of greater than 6.8, which comprises a cationic polymer, with low to no amine off-odor, it has been discovered that it may be necessary to use a cationic polymer which contains from no detectable TMA to low levels of TMA. Levels of TMA from a cationic polymer can be measured using the method as demonstrated and discussed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on pages 22-26 and incorporated by reference herein.
##STR00025## wherein R.sup.95 is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, and mixtures thereof. Polyethylene glycol polymers useful herein are PEG-2M (also known as Polyox WSR.RTM. N-10, which is available from Union Carbide and as PEG-2,000); PEG-5M (also known as Polyox WSR.RTM. N-35 and Polyox WSR.RTM. N-80, available from Union Carbide and as PEG-5,000 and Polyethylene Glycol 300,000); PEG-7M (also known as Polyox WSR.RTM. N-750 available from Union Carbide); PEG-9M (also known as Polyox WSR.RTM. N-3333 available from Union Carbide); and PEG-14 M (also known as Polyox WSR.RTM. N-3000 available from Union Carbide). 3. Conditioning Agents
In an embodiment of the present invention, one or more conditioning agents are present from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 4%, by weight of the composition.
The concentration of the silicone conditioning agent typically ranges from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 3%. Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone conditioning agents, and optional suspending agents for the silicone, are described in U.S. Reissue Pat. No. 34,584, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609. The silicone conditioning agents for use in the compositions of the present invention preferably have a viscosity, as measured at 25.degree. C., from about 20 to about 2,000,000 centistokes ("csk"), more preferably from about 1,000 to about 1,800,000 csk, even more preferably from about 50,000 to about 1,500,000 csk, more preferably from about 100,000 to about 1,500,000 csk.
The dispersed silicone conditioning agent particles typically have a volume average particle diameter ranging from about 0.01 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m, as measured using the Horiba LA-910 Particle Size Analyzer. The Horiba LA-910 instrument uses the principles of low-angle Fraunhofer Diffraction and Light Scattering to measure the particle size and distribution in a dilute solution of particles. For small particle application to hair, the volume average particle diameters typically range from about 0.01 .mu.m to about 4 .mu.m, preferably from about 0.01 .mu.m to about 2 .mu.m, more preferably from about 0.01 .mu.m to about 0.5 .mu.m. For larger particle application to hair, the volume average particle diameters typically range from about 4 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m, preferably from about 6 .mu.m to about 40 .mu.m, and more preferably from about 10 .mu.m to about 35 .mu.m.
Silicone fluids include silicone oils, which are flowable silicone materials having a viscosity, as measured at 25.degree. C., less than 1,000,000 csk, preferably from about 5 csk to about 1,000,000 csk, more preferably from about 100 csk to about 600,000 csk. Suitable silicone oils for use in the compositions of the present invention include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, polyether siloxane copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Other insoluble, non-volatile silicone fluids having hair conditioning properties may also be used.
##STR00026## wherein R is aliphatic, preferably alkyl or alkenyl, or aryl, R can be substituted or unsubstituted, and x is an integer from 1 to about 8,000. Suitable R groups for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to: alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkamino, and ether-substituted, hydroxyl-substituted, and halogen-substituted aliphatic and aryl groups. Suitable R groups also include cationic amines and quaternary ammonium groups.
Preferred alkyl and alkenyl substituents are C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 alkyls and alkenyls, more preferably from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4, more preferably from C.sub.1 to C.sub.2. The aliphatic portions of other alkyl-, alkenyl-, or alkynyl-containing groups (such as alkoxy, alkaryl, and alkamino) can be straight or branched chains, and are preferably from C.sub.1 to C.sub.5, more preferably from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4, even more preferably from C.sub.1 to C.sub.3, more preferably from C.sub.1 to C.sub.2. As discussed above, the R substituents can also contain amino functionalities (e.g. alkamino groups), which can be primary, secondary or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium. These include mono-, di- and tri-alkylamino and alkoxyamino groups, wherein the aliphatic portion chain length is preferably as described herein.
b. Amino and Cationic Silicones.
Cationic silicone fluids suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those which conform to the general formula (V): (R.sub.1).sub.aG.sub.3-a-Si--(--OSiG.sub.2).sub.n-(--OSiGb(R.sub.1).sub.2- -b)m--O--SiG.sub.3-a(R.sub.1).sub.a wherein G is hydrogen, phenyl, hydroxy, or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, preferably methyl; a is 0 or an integer having a value from 1 to 3, preferably 0; b is 0 or 1, preferably 1; n is a number from 0 to 1,999, preferably from 49 to 499; m is an integer from 1 to 2,000, preferably from 1 to 10; the sum of n and m is a number from 1 to 2,000, preferably from 50 to 500; R.sub.1 is a monovalent radical conforming to the general formula CqH.sub.2qL, wherein q is an integer having a value from 2 to 8 and L is selected from the following groups: --N(R.sub.2)CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--N(R.sub.2).sub.2 --N(R.sub.2).sub.2 --N(R.sub.2).sub.3A.sup.- --N(R.sub.2)CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--NR.sub.2H.sub.2A.sup.- wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, or a saturated hydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl radical from about C.sub.1 to about C.sub.20, and A.sup.- is a halide ion.
##STR00028## wherein R.sup.3 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical from C.sub.1 to C.sub.18, preferably an alkyl or alkenyl radical, such as methyl; R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbon radical, preferably a C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkylene radical or a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyleneoxy radical, more preferably a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyleneoxy radical; Q.sup.- is a halide ion, preferably chloride; r is an average statistical value from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 8; s is an average statistical value from 20 to 200, preferably from 20 to 50. A preferred polymer of this class is known as UCARE SILICONE ALE 56.TM., available from Union Carbide.
Other silicone fluids suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are the insoluble silicone gums. These gums are polyorganosiloxane materials having a viscosity, as measured at 25.degree. C., of greater than or equal to 1,000,000 csk. Silicone gums are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,416; Noll and Walter, Chemistry and Technology of Silicones, New York: Academic Press (1968); and in General Electric Silicone Rubber Product Data Sheets SE 30, SE 33, SE 54 and SE 76. Specific non-limiting examples of silicone gums for use in the compositions of the present invention include polydimethylsiloxane, (polydimethylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (diphenyl siloxane)(methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer and mixtures thereof.
Other non-volatile, insoluble silicone fluid conditioning agents that are suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are those known as "high refractive index silicones," having a refractive index of at least about 1.46, preferably at least about 1.48, more preferably at least about 1.52, more preferably at least about 1.55. The refractive index of the polysiloxane fluid will generally be less than about 1.70, typically less than about 1.60. In this context, polysiloxane "fluid" includes oils as well as gums.
##STR00029## wherein R is as defined above, and n is a number from about 3 to about 7, preferably from about 3 to about 5.
Preferred high refractive index polysiloxane fluids have a combination of phenyl or phenyl derivative substituents (more preferably phenyl), with alkyl substituents, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl (more preferably methyl), hydroxy, or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylamino (especially --R.sup.1NHR.sup.2NH2 wherein each R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, alkenyl, and/or alkoxy).
Silicone materials and silicone resins in particular, can conveniently be identified according to a shorthand nomenclature system known to those of ordinary skill in the art as "MDTQ" nomenclature. Under this system, the silicone is described according to presence of various siloxane monomer units which make up the silicone. Briefly, the symbol M denotes the monofunctional unit (CH.sub.3).sub.3SiO.sub.0.5; D denotes the difunctional unit (CH.sub.3).sub.2SiO; T denotes the trifunctional unit (CH.sub.3)SiO.sub.1.5; and Q denotes the quadra- or tetra-functional unit SiO.sub.2. Primes of the unit symbols (e.g. M', D', T', and Q') denote substituents other than methyl, and must be specifically defined for each occurrence.
Suitable organic conditioning oils for use as conditioning agents in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils having at least about 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclic hydrocarbons, straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), including polymers and mixtures thereof. Straight chain hydrocarbon oils preferably are from about C.sub.12 to about C.sub.19. Branched chain hydrocarbon oils, including hydrocarbon polymers, typically will contain more than 19 carbon atoms.
Organic conditioning oils for use in the compositions of the present invention can also include liquid polyolefins, more preferably liquid poly-.alpha.-olefins, more preferably hydrogenated liquid poly-.alpha.-olefins. Polyolefins for use herein are prepared by polymerization of C.sub.4 to about C.sub.14 olefenic monomers, preferably from about C.sub.6 to about C.sub.12.
Non-limiting examples of olefenic monomers for use in preparing the polyolefin liquids herein include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, branched chain isomers such as 4-methyl-1-pentene, and mixtures thereof. Also suitable for preparing the polyolefin liquids are olefin-containing refinery feedstocks or effluents. Preferred hydrogenated .alpha.-olefin monomers include, but are not limited to: 1-hexene to 1-hexadecenes, 1-octene to 1-tetradecene, and mixtures thereof.
Other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are mono-carboxylic acid esters of the general formula R'COOR, wherein R' and R are alkyl or alkenyl radicals, and the sum of carbon atoms in R' and R is at least 10, preferably at least 22.
Still other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are di- and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids, such as esters of C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 dicarboxylic acids (e.g. C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 esters, preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.6, of succinic acid, glutaric acid, and adipic acid). Specific non-limiting examples of di- and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids include isocetyl stearyol stearate, diisopropyl adipate, and tristearyl citrate.
Still other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are glycerides, including, but not limited to, mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides, preferably di- and tri-glycerides, more preferably triglycerides. For use in the compositions described herein, the glycerides are preferably the mono-, di-, and tri-esters of glycerol and long chain carboxylic acids, such as C.sub.10 to C.sub.22 carboxylic acids. A variety of these types of materials can be obtained from vegetable and animal fats and oils, such as castor oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil, lanolin and soybean oil. Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, triolein and tristearin glyceryl dilaurate.
##STR00030## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.7 to C.sub.9 alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl group, preferably a saturated alkyl group, more preferably a saturated, linear, alkyl group; n is a positive integer having a value from 2 to 4, preferably 3; and Y is an alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl or alkenyl, having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 3 to about 14 carbon atoms. Other preferred synthetic esters conform to the general Formula (X):
##STR00031## wherein R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 to C.sub.10 alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl group; preferably a saturated alkyl group, more preferably a saturated, linear, alkyl group; n and Y are as defined above in Formula (X).
Specific non-limiting examples of suitable synthetic fatty esters for use in the compositions of the present invention include: P-43 (C.sub.8-C.sub.10 triester of trimethylolpropane), MCP-684 (tetraester of 3,3 diethanol-1,5 pentadiol), MCP 121 (C.sub.8-C.sub.10 diester of adipic acid), all of which are available from Mobil Chemical Company.
The compositions of the present invention may further include one or more anti-fungal or anti-microbial actives. Suitable anti-microbial actives include coal tar, sulfur, whitfield's ointment, castellani's paint, aluminum chloride, gentian violet, octopirox (piroctone olamine), ciclopirox olamine, undecylenic acid and it's metal salts, potassium permanganate, selenium sulfide, sodium thiosulfate, propylene glycol, oil of bitter orange, urea preparations, griseofulvin, 8-Hydroxyquinoline ciloquinol, thiobendazole, thiocarbamates, haloprogin, polyenes, hydroxypyridone, morpholine, benzylamine, allylamines (such as terbinafine), tea tree oil, clove leaf oil, coriander, palmarosa, berberine, thyme red, cinnamon oil, cinnamic aldehyde, citronellic acid, hinokitol, ichthyol pale, Sensiva SC-50, Elestab HP-100, azelaic acid, lyticase, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), isothiazalinones such as octyl isothiazalinone and azoles, and combinations thereof. Preferred anti-microbials include itraconazole, ketoconazole, selenium sulphide and coal tar.
Selenium sulfide is a particulate anti-dandruff agent suitable for use in the anti-microbial compositions of the present invention, effective concentrations of which range from about 0.1% to about 4%, by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.3% to about 2.5%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 1.5%. Selenium sulfide is generally regarded as a compound having one mole of selenium and two moles of sulfur, although it may also be a cyclic structure that conforms to the general formula Se.sub.xS.sub.y, wherein x+y=8. Average particle diameters for the selenium sulfide are typically less than 15 .mu.m, as measured by forward laser light scattering device (e.g. Malvern 3600 instrument), preferably less than 10 .mu.m. Selenium sulfide compounds are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,694,668; U.S. Pat. No. 3,152,046; U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,945; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,107.
The present invention may further comprise materials useful for hair loss prevention and hair growth stimulants or agents. Examples of such agents are Anti-Androgens such as Propecia, Dutasteride, RU5884; Anti-Inflammatories such as Glucocortisoids, Macrolides, Macrolides; Anti-Microbials such as Zinc pyrithione, Ketoconazole, Acne Treatments; Immunosuppressives such as FK-506, Cyclosporin; Vasodilators such as minoxidil, Aminexile and combinations thereof.
The present invention may further comprise topical sensate materials such as terpenes, vanilloids, alkyl amides, natural extracts and combinations thereof, as demonstrated and disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on page 39 and incorporated by reference herein.
The compositions of the present invention may contain a humectant. The humectants herein are selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, water soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof, as demonstrated and disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on pages 39-40 and incorporated by reference herein. The humectants, when used herein, are preferably used at levels of from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a suspending agent at concentrations effective for suspending water-insoluble material in dispersed form in the compositions or for modifying the viscosity of the composition. Such concentrations range from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 5.0%. Suspending agents useful herein include anionic polymers and nonionic polymers, commercially available viscosity modifiers, and crystalline suspending agents which can be categorized as acyl derivatives, long chain amine oxides, and mixtures thereof. Suspending agents useful herein are further demonstrated and disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on pages 40-42 and incorporated by reference herein.
The compositions of the present invention may contain also vitamins and amino acids, pigment material, antimicrobial agents which are useful as cosmetic biocides and antidandruff agents including: water soluble components such as piroctone olamine, water insoluble components such as 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (triclocarban), triclosan, chelating agents, as demonstrated and disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005, on page 42 and incorporated by reference herein.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition further comprises a coordinating compound with a Log Zn binding constant in a range sufficient to maintain zinc bioavailability, as demonstrated and disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on pages 42-43 and incorporated by reference herein.
Preferably, the pH of the present invention may be greater than about 6.5, further wherein the pH is greater than about 6.8. Further, the pH of the present invention may be in a range from about 6.5 to about 12, preferably from about 6.8 to about 10, more preferably from about 6.8 to about 9, and even more preferably from about 6.8 to about 8.5.
A spectrophotometer is used to quantify the color change at 572 nm, the wavelength of optimum color change for XO. The spectrophotometer is set to zero absorbance at 572 nm utilizing a product control as close in composition to the test product except excluding the potentially labile form of zinc. The control and test products are then treated identically as follows. A 5011 product sample is dispensed into a jar and 95 ml of deaerated, distilled water are added and stirred. 5 mL of a 23 mg/mL xylenol orange stock solution at pH 5.0 is pipetted into the sample jar; this is considered time 0. The pH is then adjusted to 5.50.+-.0.01 using dilute HCl or NaOH. After 10.0 minutes, a portion of the sample is filtered (0.45.mu.) and the absorbance measured at 572 nm. The measured absorbance is then compared to a separately measured control to determine the relative zinc lability (zero TO 100%). The 100% lability control is prepared in a matrix similar to the test products but utilizing a soluble zinc material (such as zinc sulfate) incorporated at an equivalent level on a zinc basis. The absorbance of the 100% lability control is measured as above for the test materials. The relative zinc lability is preferably greater than about 15%, more preferably greater than about 20%, and even more preferably greater than about 25%.
TABLE-US-00001 Relative Zinc Relative Zinc Lability Lability (%) (%) In Simple Surfactant In Water System.sup.1 Lability Benefit Zinc Oxide 86.3 1.5 NO Basic zinc 100 37 YES carbonate .sup.1Simple surfactant system: 6% sodium lauryl sulfate
Particle size analyses on zinc oxide and hydrozincite raw materials as demonstrated and disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on pages 44-45 are incorporated by reference herein.
Surface area analysis as demonstrated and disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on page 45 are incorporated by reference herein.
A further embodiment of the present invention comprises a method of treating athlete's foot, microbial infections, improving the appearance of a scalp, fungal infections, diaper dermatitis, tinea capitis, yeast infections and candidiasis, each comprising the use of the composition according to the present invention.
Additional methods for providing anti-microbial (i.e. anti-dandruff) efficacy as demonstrated and disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/216,520, filed Aug. 31, 2005 on pages 46-47 are incorporated by reference herein.
An aspect of the invention relates to a process of making a shampoo composition of the present invention. The process of making a shampoo composition comprises (a) combining a fatty amphiphile, a secondary surfactant, and water at a temperature sufficient to allow partitioning of the secondary surfactant and the water into the fatty amphiphile to form a pre-mix; (b) cooling the pre-mix below the chain melt temperature of the fatty amphiphile to form a gel network; (c) adding the gel network to one or more detersive surfactants and an aqueous carrier to form a shampoo composition, d) adding the particulate zinc material, the zinc pyrithione and other embodiments, such process suitable for providing an antimicrobial composition provided that the resulting composition provides the excellent antimicrobial benefits described herein. e) adjusting the pH of the shampoo composition to a pH greater than about 6.5.
As discussed above, in one embodiment of the present invention, the gel network component is prepared as a separate pre-mix, which, after being cooled, is subsequently incorporated with the other components of the shampoo composition. More specifically, the gel network component of the present invention may be prepared by heating the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant, and water to a temperature of at least about 3 deg C. higher than the melting point of the highest melting-point material in the gel network phase, and mixing. This mixture is cooled to a level in the range of about 27.degree. C. to about 35.degree. C. by, for example, passing the mixture through a heat exchanger. As a result of this cooling step, the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant crystallize to form a crystalline gel network.
Methods for preparing the antidandruff and other shampoo embodiments of the present invention include conventional formulation and mixing techniques. A method such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,661, could be employed, wherein the antimicrobial agent of the present invention would typically be added in the same step as the silicone premix is added in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,661 description.
The shampoo compositions illustrated in the following examples are prepared by conventional formulation and mixing methods, an example of which is set forth herein below. All exemplified amounts are listed as weight percents on an active basis and exclude minor materials such as diluents, preservatives, color solutions, imagery ingredients, botanicals, and so forth, unless otherwise specified. All percentages are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
To prepare the gel network pre-mix, about 20% of the water is heated to a temperature above the melt point of the highest melting-point material in the gel network premix. In a non-limiting example, the temperature will typically fall within a range of about 65.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. The gel network component of the present invention may be prepared by heating the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant, and water to a temperature of at least about 3 deg C. higher than the melting point of the highest melting-point material in the gel network phase, and mixing. After incorporation, this mixture is passed through a mill and heat exchanger where it is cooled to about 35.degree. C. As a result of this cooling step, the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant, and the water form a crystalline gel network.
For mixtures of different fatty amphiphiles, it may be beneficial to pre-mix the fatty amphiphile materials before incorporation into the water. This can be done by co-melting the different fatty amphiphiles together and utilizing this melt or cooling into a solid phase and incorporating this into the heated water along with the secondary surfactant. Another variation could be to co-melt the one or more fatty amphiphiles and the secondary surfactant before incorporation into the water. Some gel network compositions with chain melt temperatures between about 27.degree. C. to about 35.degree. C. will need to be cooled below 27.degree. C. to ensure the lamellar phase structure is frozen.
The following Examples illustrate specific embodiments of the gel network pre-mix, prior to its incorporation with the detersive surfactant, the antimicrobials, and other components of the final shampoo composition of the present invention. It is intended that each of the following gel network pre-mix examples could be incorporated as a dispersed phase into a shampoo composition according to the present invention.
TABLE-US-00002 Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 Water 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% Behenamidopropyl 8.58% dimethylamine, Incromine BB (2) Glyceryl distearate (1) 8.58% Glyceryl hydroxystearate (1) 8.58% Glyceryl palmitate (1) 8.58% Glyceryl stearate, Glyceryl 8.58% Stearate Pure (1) Oleamide, Croadmide VRX 8.58% Bead (2) Behenyltrimethylammonium 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% chloride, Varisoft BT-85 (4) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Water 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% PEG-2 Stearate (1) 8.58% PEG-5 Glyceryl stearate (1) 8.58% PEG-6 Stearate (1) 8.58% SEFA Stearate, Sefose- 8.58% 1618H (3) Sorbitan palmitate (1) 8.58% Sorbitan stearate, Crill 3 NF (2) 8.58% Sorbitan stearate (1) 8.58% Behenyltrimethylammonium 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% chloride, Varisoft BT-85 (4) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 14 15 16 17 18 19 Water 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% 88.78% 88.55% 88.55% Glyceryl palmitate (1) 4.29% Glyceryl stearate, Glyceryl 4.29% Stearate Pure (1) Sorbitan tristearate (1) 8.58% Stearamide MEA-stearate (1) 8.58% 9.90% Steareth-2, Volpo S-2 (2) 8.58% Sucrose distearate, Crodesta 8.58% F-10 (2) Behenyltrimethylammonium 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 1.29% 2.84% 2.84% chloride, Varisoft BT-85 (4) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 20 21 22 23 24 25 Water 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% Behenamidopropyl 8.58% dimethylamine, Incromine BB (2) Glyceryl distearate (1) 8.58% Glyceryl hydroxystearate (1) 8.58% Glyceryl palmitate (1) 8.58% Glyceryl stearate, Glyceryl 8.58% Stearate Pure (1) Oleamide, Crodamide VRX 8.58% Bead (2) Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% Active) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Water 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% PEG-2 Stearate (1) 8.58% PEG-5 Glyceryl stearate (1) 8.58% PEG-6 Stearate (1) 8.58% SEFA Stearate, Sefose- 8.58% 1618H (3) Sorbitan palmitate (1) 8.58% Sorbitan stearate, Crill 3 NF (2) 8.58% Sorbitan stearate (1) 8.58% Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% Active) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% isothiazotin-3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Water 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 86.14% 82.75% 82.585 82.75% Cetyl Alcohol 3.46% 3.07% Cocamine oxide 4.30% Glyceryl distearate (1) Sorbitan tristearate (1) 8.58% Steary Alcohol 6.44% 5.53% Stearamide MEA-stearate (1) 8.58% Steareth-2, Volpa S-2 (2) 8.58% Sucrose distearate, Crodesta F- 8.58% 4.28% 10 (2) Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 3.93% 8.64% 8.78% 8.64% Active) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Water 88.78% 88.78% 88.78% 88.78% 88.78% 88.78% 88.78% Behenamidopropyl 9.90% dimethylamine, Incromine BB (2) Glyceryl distearate (1) 9.90% Glyceryl hydroxystearate (1) 9.90% Glyceryl stearate, Glyceryl 9.90% Stearate Pure (1) PEG-2 Stearate (1) 9.90% PEG-6 Stearate (1) 9.90% Sorbitan stearate, Crill 3 NF (2) 9.90% Behenyltrimethylammonium 1.29% 1.29% 1.29% 1.29% 1.29% 1.29% 1.29% chloride, Varisoft BT-85 (2) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 47 48 49 50 51 Water 86.14% 86.14% 86.14% 86.14% 86.14% Glyceryl distearate (1) 9.90% 4.950% Glyceryl stearate, Glyceryl Stearate Pure (1) 9.90% PEG-2 Stearate (1) 9.90% 4.950% Steareth-2, Volpo S-2 (2) 9.90% Sodium Iaureth-3 sulfate (28% Active) 3.93% 3.93% 3.93% 3.93% 3.93% 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% Ingredient 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 Water 87.13% 82.13% 77.13% 72.13% 67.13% 77.13% 77.13% Cetyl Alcohol 3.50% 5.25% 7.00% 8.75% 10.50% 7.00% 7.00% Glyceryl palmitate (1) 6.50% Oleyl Alcohol 1.00% Sorbitan stearate (1) 6.50% Stearyl Alcohol 6.50% 9.75% 13.00% 16.25% 19.50% 5.50% 6.50% Behenyltrimethylammonium 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% chloride, Varisoft BT-85 (4) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 59 60 61 62 63 64 Water 86.14% 82.75% 72.60% 72.60% 82.75% 80.40% Behenyl Alcohol 7.87% 7.87% Cetyl Alcohol 3.46% 4.18% 5.62% Glyceryl distearate (1) 4.30% Steary Alcohol 6.44% 7.52% 10.12% 7.87% 7.87% Steareth-2, Volpa S-2 (2) Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% 3.93% 4.64% 11.63% 11.63% 8.64% Active) Behenyltrimethylammonium 3.83% chloride, Varisoft BT-85 (4) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG (1) available from A&E Connock (2) available from Croda Chemicals (3) available from P&G Chemicals (4) available Goldschmidt Chemical
To prepare the final shampoo composition, first, a surfactant solution pre-mix is formed. To prepare this surfactant solution pre-mix, about 6% to about 9% of sodium laureth-3 sulfate, cationic polymers, and about 0% to about 5% of water are added to a jacketed mix tank and heated to about 74.degree. C. with agitation. Ethylene glycol distearate (EGDS) and other cosurfactants (where applicable), and any additional materials that require heat for incorporation/melting, are then added to the mixing vessel and melted. After the EGDS is well dispersed (e.g., after about 10 minutes), preservative is added and mixed into the surfactant solution. This mixture is passed through a mill and heat exchanger where it is cooled to about 35.degree. C. and collected in a finishing tank. As a result of this cooling step, the EGDS crystallizes to form a waxy crystalline suspension. The mixture of these components is the surfactant solution pre-mix.
Next, the surfactant solution pre-mix and the gel network pre-mix, which is prepared as described above, are mixed together. Then, basic Zinc Carbonate or other zinc-containing layered material could be added to a premix of surfactants or water with or without the aid of a dispersing agent via conventional powder incorporation and mixing techniques and then into the final mix. The pyrithione or the polyvalent metal salt of the pyrithione is added into the final mix. Product pH is adjusted, using an acid such as hydrochloric acid, to an acceptable pH. The remainder of the surfactants, other antidandruff actives, perfume, dimethicone, sodium chloride or sodium xylene sulfonate for viscosity adjustment, and the remainder of the water are added with ample agitation to ensure a homogeneous mixture. This mixture is the final shampoo composition which comprises as dispersed phases the gel network pre-mix and the particulate zinc material.
Preferred viscosities of the final shampoo composition according to the present invention range from about 5000 to about 15,000 centipoise at 27.degree. C., as measured by a Wells-Brookfield model RVTDCP viscometer using a CP-41 cone and plate at 2/s at 3 minutes.
TABLE-US-00003 Components Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Sodium Laureth 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Sulfate Sodium Lauryl 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 2.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 Sulfate Decyl Glucoside 10.00 EGDS 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 CMEA 0.800 1.60 0.800 1.600 0.800 1.600 0.800 0.800 0.800 Cetyl Alcohol 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.600 Guar Hydroxy 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 Propyl Trimonium Chloride (1) Any one of Gel 27.27 27.27 27.27 27.27 27.27 networks 1 37 Gel network 61 17.15 Gel network 63 6.72 Gel network 60 41.02 Gel network 64 17.15 Dimethicone (2) 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 ZPT (3) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.75 Basic Zinc 1.61 1.61 3.22 1.61 1.61 Carbonate (4) Zinc Hydroxy 2.00 Sulfate (5) Zinc Hydroxy 1.88 Nitrate (5) Zinc Hydroxy 1.63 Chloride (5) Zinc Hydroxy Lauryl 2.40 Sulfate (5) Hydrochloric Acid (6) 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 Magnesium Sulfate 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 Sodium Chloride 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 Sodium Xylenesulfonate Perfume 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 Sodium Benzoate 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 Kathon 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 Benzyl Alcohol 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0- 225 Water Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. (1) Guar having a molecular weight of about 400,000, and having a charge density of about 0.84 meq/g, available from Aqualon. (2) Viscasil 330M available from General Electric Silicones (3) ZPT having an average particle size of about 2.5 .mu.m, available from Arch/Olin. (4) Basic Zinc Carbonate Available from Bruggemann Chemical (5) Materials made by reported methods in Lagaly, G.: et al. Inorg. Chem 3, 32 1209 1215 & Morioka, H; et al. Inorg Chem. 1999, 38, 4211 4216. (6) 6N HCl, avail. From J.T. Baker, adjustable to achieve target pH
TABLE-US-00004 Ingredient 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Sodium Laureth 10.00 10.00 7.65 10.00 10.00 7.65 10.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 Sulfate Sodium Lauryl 1.5 6.00 6.35 6.00 1.5 6.35 6.00 1.5 10.00 6.00 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 betaine Cocamide MEA 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 Cetyl alcohol 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Gel Networks 38 27.27 13.64 27.27 13.64 13.64 13.64 Any Gel Networks 27.27 6.82 41.02 39 59 Gel Networks 60 27.27 Zinc Pyrithione 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.5 4.00 Basic Zinc 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.8 3.2 Carbonate Magnesium sulfate .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 Benzyl alcohol .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225- Guar 0.50 0.50 Hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1) Guar 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.20 Hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2) Polyquaterium-10 (3) 0.10 Polyquaterium-10 (4) 0.40 Cassia polymer (5) 0.3 Cassia polymer (6) 0.10 PEG-7M (7) 0.10 Dimethicone (8) 2.00 0.85 1.00 2.00 1.00 0.85 2.00 0.50 0.50 Dimethicone (9) 1.00 Ethylene Glycol 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 Distearate 5-Chloro-2-methyl- 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006- 0.0006 0.0006 4-isothiazolin-3- one, Kathon CG Sodium Benzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Perfume 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.70 Benzyl alcohol 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0- 225 0.0225 Hydrochloric acid/ pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH Sodium Hydroxide QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS Sodium Chloride/ Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Vis- c. Sodium Xylene QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS Sulfonate Water QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS (1) N-Hance 3269 (with Mol. W. of ~500,000 and 0.8 meq/g) available from Aqulaon/Hercules (2) ADPP-5043HMW (with Mol.W. of ~1,200,000 and Char.Den. of 2.0 meq/g) available from Aqualon/Hercules (3) Polymer LR30M available from Amerchol/Dow Chemical (4) Polymer LR400 available from Amerchol/Dow Chemical (5) Cassia galactomannan (with Mol. W. of ~200,000, charge density = 3.0 meq/g) (6) Cassia galactomannan (with Mol. W. of ~200,000, charge density = 0.7 meq/g) (7) Peg-7M Available from Amerchol/Dow Chemical (8) Viscasil 330M available from General Electric Silicones (9) DC1664 available from Dow Corning Silicones
TABLE-US-00005 Ingredient 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Sodium Laureth 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Sulfate Sodium Lauryl 6.0 6.0 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 1.50 Sulfate Cocamidopropyl 2.00 betaine Cocamide MEA 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.60 1.6 1.6 Cetyl alcohol 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 .60 Gel Networks 38 27.27 6.82 27.27 27.27 6.82 Gel Networks 60 41.02 Gel Networks 64 27.27 Zinc Pyrithione 1.00 1.0 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.80 Basic Zinc 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.00 Carbonate Magnesium sulfate .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 Benzyl alcohol .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 .0225 Guar 0.50 0.50 Hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1) Guar 0.40 0.40 0.40 Hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2) Polyquaterium-10 (3) 0.40 0.40 PEG-7M (4) 0.10 0.10 Dimethicone (5) 0.65 0.55 0.85 0.55 1.50 0.45 0.55 Dimethicone (6) Ethylene Glycol 3.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 3.00 1.50 1.50 Distearate 5-Chloro-2-methyl- 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 4-isothiazolin-3- one, Kathon CG Sodium Benzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Perfume 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 *Benzyl alcohol 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 *Hydrochloric acid pH pH pH pH pH pH pH QS QS QS QS QS QS QS Sodium Chloride/ Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Sodium Xylene QS QS QS QS QS QS QS Sulfonate Water QS QS QS QS QS QS QS (1) N-Hance 3269 (with Mol. W. of ~500,000 and 0.8 meq/g) available from Aqulaon/Hercules (2) ADPP-5043HMW (with Mol.W. of ~1,200,000 and Char.Den. of 2.0 meq/g) available from Aqualon/Hercules (3) Polymer LR400 available from Amerchol/Dow Chemical (4) Peg-7M Available from Amerchol/Dow Chemical (5) Viscasil 330M available from General Electric Silicones (6) DC1664 available from Dow Corning Silicones
Component amounts are listed as weight percents and exclude minor materials such as diluents, filler, and so forth. The listed formulations, therefore, comprise the listed components and any minor materials associated with such components. As used herein, "minors" refers to those optional components such as preservatives, viscosity modifiers, pH modifiers, fragrances, foam boosters, and the like. As is apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, the selection of these minors will vary depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the particular ingredients selected to make the present invention as described herein. Other modifications can be undertaken by the skilled artisan without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. These exemplified embodiments of the anti-microbial shampoo of the present invention provide excellent anti-microbial efficacy. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, anti-microbial conditioners, anti-microbial leave-on tonics, and anti-microbial personal cleansing compositions may comprise the present invention.
Optional foam boosters for use in the present invention described herein include fatty ester (e.g. C.sub.8-C.sub.22) mono- and di (C.sub.1-C.sub.5, especially C.sub.1-C.sub.3) alkanol amides. Specific non-limiting examples of such foam boosters include coconut monoethanolamide, coconut diethanolamide, and mixtures thereof.
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