Source: http://www.google.com.hk/patents/US7353382
Timestamp: 2013-05-24 16:17:55
Document Index: 702006765

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 03', 'Application No. 06251957', 'Application No. 03254927', 'Application No. 06253923', 'Application No. 03254926', 'Application No. 10']

�M�Q US7353382 - Security framework and protocol for universal pervasive transactions - Google �M�Q�j�M �Ϥ� �a�� Play YouTube �s�D Gmail ���ݵw�� ��h »�i���M�Q�j�M | �������� | �n�J�i���M�Q�j�M�M�QA computer system, a method of a computer system and a computer-readable medium securely transmit and verify a multiparty agreement. The method, the computer system, and the computer readable medium include developing and transmitting views of the multi-party agreement by each party to a separate verification...http://www.google.com.hk/patents/US7353382?utm_source=gb-gplus-share�M�Q US7353382 - Security framework and protocol for universal pervasive transactions���}��US7353382 B2�X���������v�ӽЮѽs��10/458,205�o�G���2008�~4��1���ӽФ��2003�~6��11�� �u���v���2002�~8��8����L���}�M�Q��EP1388991A2EP1388991A3US20040030894�o��HJonathan Russell AgreLusheng JiYannis Labrou��M�Q�v�HFujitsu Limited ���M�Q������713/155705/78380/277��ڱM�Q������G06F21/20H04L9/08H04K1/00H04L9/16G09C1/00H04L9/14H04L9/32G06Q20/00H04L9/00H04L29/06 �X�@����G06Q20/04G06Q20/12H04L63/126G06Q20/0855G06Q20/02H04L63/0485 �ڬw������G06Q 20/12G06Q 20/04G06Q 20/02H04L 63/12BG06Q 20/0855H04L 63/04B14�ѦҤ��m�M�Q�ޥ� (115)�D�M�Q�ޥ� (67)�Q�H�U�M�Q�ޥ� (2)�~���s�����M�Q�ӼЧ� ���M�Q�ӼЧ��M�Q����T�� �ڬw�M�Q��Security framework and protocol for universal pervasive transactionsUS 7353382 B2�K�n A computer system, a method of a computer system and a computer-readable medium securely transmit and verify a multiparty agreement. The method, the computer system, and the computer readable medium include developing and transmitting views of the multi-party agreement by each party to a separate verification party. The verification party authenticates the participants and determines whether the views of the agreement are mutually consistent, and notifies the partys of the results of the comparison.
An agreement, with respect to an application, is a general statement between parties for which a verification procedure can be executed to provide confirmation that the parties have a common understanding of the statement, within the context of that application. For example, a financial transaction agreement could be that ��Party A will pay Party B $X for item Y.�� An agreement statement is represented by agreement data, the contents of which are not defined by the invention but by the needs of the application.
There are several variations in how the TS is employed to generate the RSN. One method of using the TS to control the number of inductions is to use the difference between the TS value (in number of minutes or seconds) and another mutually agreed base time value as the number of inductions. The generation of RSN is denoted as: RSN=R (S, TS, T0) where T0 is the base time. The base value T0 is stored both at the AP and the AVP which will store the base value in the User and Device Database in the record for the AP device and is specific to each AP device. The mutually agreed base time is advanced on both the AP device and the AVP in order to reduce the number of inductions to produce a SASE RSN, as long as the advancement of the base time on AP and AVP can be synchronized. If desired, as the base time advances, the seed may also be updated. For example, the new seed S�� may be the S��=R (S, T0��, T0) where S is the original seed, T0 is the original base time, and T0�� is the new base time. The property of the SASE that needs to be maintained is that given a particular sender's pseudorandom sequence number generator R, its seed S, and the same TS value as used by the sender, the receiver can deterministically reproduce the same RSN as was generated by the sender
For further protection, the SAS protocol uses message padding in order to further prevent ��known-text�� attacks. In ��known-text�� attacks, an attacker who knows the plaintext of the agreement will attempt to reverse engineer the encryption key and eventually, with enough successful attacks, the other parameters used by the key derivation process. If successful, the attacker becomes capable of reproducing the encryption key for that particular view. Since the key changes over time (each timestamp is associated with a new key), this attack would reproduce the key for that particular timestamp only. Further transactions using the same timestamp are denied through comparison with the previous transaction timestamps stored at the AVP.
The padding scheme will insert random bits before and after the real fields so that an observer cannot determine where the real data begins, increasing the difficulty of ��known text�� attacks. The amount of padding is determined by the lengths of the overall message and the included data. In one embodiment of padding 300, as illustrated in FIG. 3, a padded field 302 starts with a field of fixed length 312, which describes the number of random bits inserted before the actual encrypted fields. This field 312 is followed by a string of random bits 314 of the length specified by this field 312, and then the real data field 310. Random tailing bits 316 are also appended after the end of all encrypted fields to further increase the difficulty for an attacker to extract the real cipher text part of a view. Since the total length of each field is known, it is not necessary to specify the length and offset of the tailing random bits 316. If the length of each field is not known, field 312 will be followed by an additional field that specifies the offset of the tailing random bits 316. In another embodiment, random bits are inserted only before and after all fields. In this case although the difficulty for an attacker to determine the location of each data field is reduced the processing of each SASE message is also reduced. Padding is applied before encryption is applied during view construction.
Initially, when the views 110 or 120 are received, it is useful for the AAM 118 to check the validity of the TS of the views. This operation may prevent attacks conducted by changing an AP device clock or replaying an intercepted view. For this purpose, the AVP 106 stores a clock offset value for each AP device 101, 102 in its User and Device Database 114. This offset describes the difference between the device 101, 102's local clock and the system clock of the AVP 106. With the offset and the TS, the AVP 106 can verify if the message generated by such a device 102, 104 occurs within a reasonable time-window before the message arrives at the AVP 106. Only messages generated during this period are accepted. Otherwise an ��Expired Transaction�� error message is generated and sent back to the APs using a method described later in this section. The size of this time window, and the accuracy of the clocks would depend on the requirements set by the application of the present invention.
If the AAM 118 is not able to successfully decrypt the message or the digital signature is not correct, then the authentication is deemed to have failed. The AP's will be notified through an ��Authentication Failed�� response message.
If one of the matching rules is fails during the examination, the verification process is stopped and ��Verification Failed�� error messages are sent back to both APs using the return message method described earlier. For example, error messages are generated as the following with error1 and error2 being an error code or a descriptive message which both the APs and AVP can understand:
The agreement data, consisting of the ballot, is obtained from a voting station by a request from the voter. The voter receives the proper ballot on her device and then enters the vote information. The filled-in ballot is first encrypted by the voter encryption 710 function of the voter device 702 using the standard encryption technique of the SASE. The encrypted ballot data is then sent to the voting station 704. The voting station 704 uses its station encryption function 712 to double encrypt the ballot, using the key generated by the voting station. In this voting application, an additional requirement is that the actual encryption algorithm used to encrypt the ballot data needs to be ��commutative��. That is, it does not matter what order the decryptions are applied to a piece of multi-encrypted data, as long as the corresponding decryptions of all encryptions used to produce the multi-encrypted data are applied, the original plaintext can be revealed. Many modern symmetric stream ciphers do fall into this category and thus can be used by this system.
Another application of the SAS is to provide a method of securely distributing special messages called ��tokens�� that can be thought of as tickets. Such tokens are generated by the AVP as the result of an agreement and sent to one or more members of the agreement. They can be used by members of a previously authenticated agreement to authenticate the other members of the agreement directly without contacting the AVP at the time of authentication. A second use is to authenticate the presentation of the result of a previously authenticated agreement by a third party (who may or may not be a party to the original agreement) without directly contacting the AVP at the time of authentication. The tokens can be used as tickets where in the former case, the identity of the ticket holder and the ticket are important (as in airline tickets), and in the later case, the identity of the ticket holder is not important, just the validity of the ticket. The token should only be used once, as there is not strong security between the two parties.
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