Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2007112088A2/en
Timestamp: 2019-08-21 10:34:02
Document Index: 209327741

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 1', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 10', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 11', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60']

WO2007112088A2 - Hyperspectral imaging device - Google Patents
WO2007112088A2
WO2007112088A2 PCT/US2007/007424 US2007007424W WO2007112088A2 WO 2007112088 A2 WO2007112088 A2 WO 2007112088A2 US 2007007424 W US2007007424 W US 2007007424W WO 2007112088 A2 WO2007112088 A2 WO 2007112088A2
PCT/US2007/007424
WO2007112088A3 (en
WO2007112088A9 (en
2006-03-24 Priority to US60/785,786 priority
2007-03-26 Application filed by Qd Vision, Inc. filed Critical Qd Vision, Inc.
2007-10-04 Publication of WO2007112088A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007112088A2/en
2007-11-08 Publication of WO2007112088A9 publication Critical patent/WO2007112088A9/en
2009-04-02 Publication of WO2007112088A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007112088A3/en
This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 60/785,786 filed 24 March 2006, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Typical single-crystal inorganic photodetectors can suffer from a basic tradeoff of absorption cross-section for background noise. For each unit thickness of absorbing bulk inorganic material, the possibility of a thermally generated electron-hole pairs increases. These thermally generated charge carriers contribute to the dark current of a photodetector device, and thus require the devices to be operated at extremely low temperatures to suppress this dark current, and increase the detectivity (D*) of the device. The size and power-consumption attributes of equipment for cooling typical existing detectors have hindered the development of compact mutli-color ("hyperspectral") imaging system, and limit system efficacy by confining the existing detectors to large sized platforms.
The foregoing, and other aspects described herein all constitute embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein.
FIGURES 1 and 2 illustrate schematic drawings depicting a cross section of different examples of photodetector structures for use in an embodiment of a hyperspectral device.
FIGURE 3 is a diagram depicting an example of a possible structure of a photodetector (pixel) including semiconductor nanocrystals; and
FIGURE 4 graphically depicts an example of an expected response of a photodetector including semiconductor nanocrystals.
FIGURE 1 illustrates a schematic drawing depicting a cross section of an example of photodetector-pixel structure of a hyperspectral imaging device. The example depicted in FIGURE 1 includes semiconductor nanocrystals between the two electrodes. As discussed herein, the semiconductor nanocrystals are selected based upon the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation to be absorbed by the semiconductor nanocrystal when exposed thereto.
In a preferred embodiment, the semiconductor nanocrystals included in the array are compacted, by for example, solution phase treatment with n-butyl amine after being deposited. See, for example, Oertel, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 213505 (2005). See also Jarosz, et al., Phys. Rev. B 70, 195327 (2004); and Porter, et al, Phys. Rev. B 73 155303 (2006). Such compacting can increase the exciton dissociation efficiency and charge-transport properties of the deposited semiconductor nanocrystals.
In the example of a photodetector-pixel structure depicted in FIGURE 2, the structure includes a first electrode, an optional first layer, an array of semiconductor nanocrystals (referred to as "quantum dot layer" in FIGURES 1 and 2); an optional second layer, and a second electrode.
The structure depicted in FIGURE 2 may be fabricated as follows. A substrate having a first electrode (e.g., an anode (for example, PEDOT)) disposed thereon may be obtained or fabricated using any suitable technique. The first electrode may optionally be patterned. A first layer (e.g., comprising a material capable of transporting holes (for example TPD)) may be deposited using any suitable technique. An array comprising semiconductor nanocrystals can be deposited by techniques known or readily identified by one skilled in the relevant art. A second layer (e.g., comprising a material capable of transporting electrons (for example, AIq-3)) may be deposited using any suitable technique. A second electrode (e.g., a cathode (for example, a metal) may be deposited using any suitable technique. In the example shown in FIGURE 2, the electromagnetic radiation to be absorbed passes through the bottom of the structure. If an adequately light transmissive top electrode is used, the structure could also absorb electromagnetic radiation through the top of the structure. Alternatively, the structure of FIGURE 2 can be inverted.
The simple layered structures illustrated in FIGURES 1 and 2 are provided by way of non- limiting example, and it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be used in connection with a wide variety of other structures. The specific materials and structures described herein are exemplary in nature, and other materials and structures may be used. Functional photodetector- pixels may be achieved by combining the various layers described in different ways, or layers may be omitted entirely, based on design, performance, and cost factors. Other layers not specifically described may also be included. Materials other than those specifically described may be used. Optionally, one or more of the layers can be patterned. For example, patterned layers comprising electrode material or a charge transport material can be deposited by vapor deposition using shadow masks or other masking techniques.
The first electrode can be, for example, a high work function conductor capable of conducting holes, e.g., comprising a hole-injecting or hole-receiving conductor, such as an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. Other first electrode materials can include gallium indium tin oxide, zinc indium tin oxide, titanium nitride, or polyaniline. The second electrode can be, for example, a low work function (e.g., less than 4.0 eV) conductor capable of conducting electrons, e.g., comprising an electron-injecting or electron-receiving material, e.g., a metal, such as Al, Ba, Yb, Ca, a lithium- aluminum alloy (Li:Al), or a magnesium-silver alloy (Mg:Ag). The first electrode can have a thickness of about 500 Angstroms to 4000 Angstroms. The second electrode can have a thickness of about 50 Angstroms to greater than about 1000 Angstroms.
An example of a typical organic material that can be included in an electron transport layer includes a molecular matrix. The molecular matrix can be non-polymeric. The molecular matrix can include a small molecule, for example, a metal complex. For example, the metal complex of 8- hydoryquinoline can be an aluminum, gallium, indium, zinc or magnesium complex, for example, aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3). In certain embodiments, the electron transport material can comprise LT-N820 available from Luminescent Technologies, Taiwan. Other classes of materials in the electron transport layer can include metal thioxinoid compounds, oxadiazole metal chelates, triazoles, sexithiophenes derivatives, pyrazine, and styrylanthracene derivatives. An electron transport layer comprising an organic material may be intrinsic (undoped) or doped. Doping may be used to enhance conductivity. See, for example, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/795,420 of Beatty et al, for "Device Including Semiconductor Nanocrystals And A Layer Including A Doped Organic Material And Methods", filed 27 April 2006, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
An examples of a typical organic material that can be included in a hole transport layer includes an organic chromophore. The organic chromophore can include a phenyl amine, such as, for example, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-mehtylphenyl)-(l,l'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (TPD). Other hole transport layer can include spiro-TPD, 4-4'-N,N'-dicarbazolyl-biphenyl (CBP), 4,4-. bis[N-(l- naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyI (NPD), etc., a polyaniline, a polypyrrole, a poly(phenylene vinylene), copper phthalocyanine, an aromatic tertiary amine or polynuclear aromatic tertiary amine, a 4,4'-bis(p-carbazo!yl)-l ,l '-biρhenyl compound, or an N,N,N',N'-tetraarylbenzidine. A hole transport layer comprising an organic material may be intrinsic (undoped) or doped. Doping may be used to enhance conductivity. Examples of doped hole transport layers are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/795,420 of Beatty et al, for "Device Including Semiconductor Nanocrystals And A Layer Including A Doped Organic Material And Methods", filed 27 April 2006, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Organic charge transport layers may be disposed by known methods such as a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a dip-coating method, a spin-coating method, a casting method, a bar-coating method, a roll-coating method, and other film deposition methods. Preferably, organic layers are deposited under ultra-high vacuum (e.g., < 10'8 torr), high vacuum (e.g., from about 10"8 torr to about 10"5 torr), or low vacuum conditions (e.g., from about 10"5 torr to about 10'3 torr). Most preferably, the organic layers are deposited at high vacuum conditions of from about 1 x lO'7 to about 5 X lO "6 torr. Alternatively, organic layers may be formed by multilayer coating while appropriately selecting solvent for each layer.
For examples of HTL and ETL materials, see U.S. Patent Application No. 11/354185 of
Bawendi et al., entitled "Light Emitting Devices Including Semiconductor Nanocrystals", filed 15 February 2006, and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/253595 of Coe-Sullivan et at, entitled "Light Emitting Device Including Semiconductor Nanocrystals", filed 21 October 2005, and U.S. Patent Application No. 10/638546 of Kim et al., entitled "Semiconductor Nanocrystal Heterostructures", filed 12 August 2003, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
In certain embodiments, an hyperspectral imaging device includes a layer comprising an array of semiconductor nanocrystals with tunable spectral properties arranged to provide detector- pixels having a predetermined pixel density.
The semiconductor nanocrystals of the array are engineered to generate an electrical response or output in response to absorption of light at the wavelength to be detected. For example, upon absorption of the light to be detected, e.g., IR, MUR, a particular visible wavelength, etc., by a semiconductor nanocrystal, a hole and electron pair are generated. The hole and electron are separated by, e.g., application of voltage, before they pair combine in order to generate an electrical response to be recorded. For example, the wavelength of the detected light or radiation can be between 300 and 2,500 nm or greater, for instance between 300 and 400 nm, between 400 and 700 nm, between 700 and 1100 nm, between 1100 and 2500 nm, or greater than 2500 nm. In certain embodiments, detection capability in the range from 1000 nm to 1800 nm, or 1 100 nm to 1700 nm, is preferred.
Semiconductor nanocrystals comprise nanometer— scale inorganic semiconductor particles. Semiconductor nanocrystals preferably have an average nanocrystal diameter less than about 150 Angstroms (A), and more preferably in the range of 12-150 A. Most preferably the semiccnductor nanocrystals have an average nanocrystal diameter in a range from about 2 nm to about 10 nm.
In certain embodiments, semiconductor nanocrystals comprise Group II-VI compounds, Group H-V compounds, Group III-VI compounds, Group IH-V compounds, Group IV-VI compounds, Group I-III-VI compounds, Group II-IV-VI compounds, or Group II-IV-V compounds, and/or mixtures and/or alloys thereof, including ternary and quaternary mixtures and/or alloys. Examples include, but are not limited to, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, AIN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, GaSe, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, TIN, TIP, TlAs, TlSb, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and/or mixtures and/or alloys thereof, including ternary and quaternary mixtures and/or alloys. In certain embodiments, semiconductor nanocrystals comprise Group IV elements.
Semiconductor nanocrystals can have effective band gaps that range from the near UV to the infrared, from ~350 nm to ~3.0 micron.
In certain embodiments for detecting infrared wavelength radiation, semiconductor nanocrystals comprising PbS, PbSe, InSb, or InAs are preferred. In certain embodiments for detecting visible wavelength radiation, semiconductor nanocrystals comprising Group H-V Compounds and/or mixtures and/or alloys thereof, including ternary and quaternary mixtures are preferred.
In certain embodiments, semiconductor nanocrystals include a "core" of one or more first semiconductor materials, which may be surrounded by an overcoating or "shell" of a second semiconductor material. A semiconductor nanocrystal core surrounded by a semiconductor shell is also referred to as a "core/shell" semiconductor nanocrystal.
For example, the semiconductor nanocrystal can include a core having the formula MX, where M is cadmium, zinc, magnesium, mercury, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, or mixtures thereof, and X is oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or mixtures thereof. Examples of materials suitable for use as semiconductor nanocrystal cores include, but are not limited to, CdS, CdO, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnO, ZnSe, ZnTe, MgTe, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, GaN, HgS, HgO, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InSb, InN, AlAs, AIP, AlSb, AIS, PbS, PbO, PbSe, Ge, Si, alloys thereof, and/or mixtures thereof, including ternary and quaternary mixtures and/or alloys. Examples of materials suitable for use as semiconductor nanocrystal shells include, but are not limited to, CdS, CdO, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnO, ZnSe, ZnTe, MgTe, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, GaN, HgS, HgO5 HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InSb, InN, AlAs5 AlP, AlSb, AIS5 PbS, PbQ, PbSe, Ge, Si, alloys thereof, and/or mixtures thereof, including ternary and quaternary mixtures and/or alloys.
In certain embodiments, the surrounding "shell" material has a bandgap greater than the bandgap of the core material. In certain embodiments, the shell is chosen so as to have an atomic spacing close to that of the "core" substrate. In certain embodiments, the surrounding shell material has a bandgap less than the bandgap of the core material. In a further embodiment, the shell and core materials can have the same crystal structure. For further examples of core/shell semiconductor structures, see U.S. Application No. 10/638,546, entitled "Semiconductor Nanocrystal Heterostructures", filed 12 August 2003, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Preparation and manipulation of semiconductor nanocrystals are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 6,322,901 and 6,576,291, and U.S. Patent Application No. 60/550,314, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Additional examples of methods of preparing semiconductor nanocrystal are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 1 1/354185 of Bawendi et aL, entitled "Light Emitting Devices Including Semiconductor Nanocrystals", filed 15 February 2006; U.S. Patent Application No. 11/253595 of Coe-Sullivan et aL, entitled "Light Emitting Device Including Semiconductor Nanocrystals", filed 21 October 2005; U.S. Patent Application No. 10/638546 of Kim et aL, entitled "Semiconductor Nanocrystal Heterostructures", filed 12 August 2003. referred to above; Murray, et ah, J. Am. Chem. Soc, Vol. 1 15, 8706 (1993); Kortan, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc, Vol. 1 12, 1327 (1990); and the Thesis of Christopher Murray, "Synthesis and Characterization of II- VI Quantum Dots and Their Assembly into 3-D Quantum Dot Superlattices", Massachusetts Institute of Technology,- September, 1995. Each of the foregoing is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
A suitable coordinating ligand can be purchased commercially or prepared by ordinary synthetic organic techniques, for example, as described in J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. See also U.S. Patent Application No. 10/641,292 entitled "Stabilized Semiconductor Nanocrystals", filed 15 August 2003, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. See also the patent applications .which include descriptions of preparation methods, that are listed above.
An example of an hyperspectral imaging device includes a 256x256x15 color array, which operates in the SWER. and MIR bands on a single chip without the need for liquid nitrogen cooling. Such device can be further integrated with conventional silicon based read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) technology. On or off chip amplification can be utilized.
While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals can reduce the trade-off that is fundamental to bulk materials. Through quantum confinement effects, the absorption cross-section of a 5 nm thick layer of semiconductor nanocrystais is increased relative to the cross-section of 5 nm of the same semiconductor material in bulk form. This enhancement allows the use of thinner films to achieve the same absorbance, and thus reduces the quantity of thermally generated charge carriers in the device at the same temperature. The- use of thinner films is expected to facilitate the operation of higher sensitivity photodetectors/pixels at higher operating temperatures.
In addition to their potential for increased sensitivity and increased operating temperature, semiconductor nanocrystals provide the advantage of a tunable range of wavelength sensitivities. As discussed above, by selection of the composition and controlling size, semiconductor nanocrystals can be tuned through a wide range of optical band gaps. For example, PbSe semiconductor nanocrystals can be tuned from 1.1 μm to 2.2 μm just by changing the size of the particle. Changing the semiconductor material permits coarse adjustment of the band gap of the material, enabling materials capable of absorbing in the ultraviolet, visible, near- infrared, and mid- infrared regions of the spectrum.
In certain embodiments, the array of semiconductor nanocrystals is deposited using contact printing. See, for example, A. Kumar and G. Whitesides, Applied Physics Letters, 63, 2002-2004, (1993); and V. Santhanam and R. P. Andres, Nano Letters, 4, 41-44, (2004), each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. See also U.S. Patent Application No. 11/253,612, filed 21 October 2005, entitled "Method And System For Transferring A Patterned Material", of Coe- Sullivan et al. and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/253,595, filed 21 October 2005, entitled "Light Emitting Device Including Semiconductor Nanocrystals," of Coe-Sullivan, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Contact printing provides a method for applying a material to a predefined region on a substrate. The predefined region is a region on the substrate where the material is selectively applied. The material and substrate can be chosen such that the material remains substantially entirely within the predetermined area. By selecting a predefined region that forms a pattern, material can be applied to the substrate such that the material forms a pattern. The pattern can be a regular pattern (such as an array, or a series of lines), or an irregular pattern. Once a pattern of material is formed on the substrate, the substrate can have a region including the material (the predefined region) and a region substantially free of material. In some circumstances, the material forms a monolayer on the substrate. The predefined region can be a discontinuous region. In other words, when the material is applied to the predefined region of the substrate, locations including the material can be separated by other locations that are substantially free of the material. In some embodiments, contact printing can begin by forming a patterned or unpatterned mold. The mold has a surface with a pattern of elevations and depressions. The stamp can include planar and/or non-planar regions. A stamp is formed with a complementary pattern of elevations and depressions, for example by coating the patterned surface of the mold with a liquid polymer precursor that is cured while in contact with the patterned mold surface. The stamp can then be inked; that is, the stamp is contacted with a material which is to be deposited on a substrate. The material becomes reversibly adhered to the stamp. The inked stamp is then contacted with the substrate. The elevated regions of the stamp can contact the substrate while the depressed regions of the stamp can be separated from the substrate. Where the inked stamp contacts the substrate, the ink material (or at least a portion thereof) is transferred from the stamp to the substrate. In this way, the pattern of elevations and depressions is transferred from the stamp to the substrate as regions including the material and free of the material on the substrate. Microcontact printing and related techniques are described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,512,131; 6,180,239; and 6,518,168, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some circumstances, the stamp can be a featureless stamp having a pattern of ink, where the pattern is formed when the ink is applied to the stamp.
Other techniques, methods and applications that may be useful with the present invention are described in, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/792,170, of Seth Coe-Sullivan, et al., for "Composition Including Material, Methods Of Depositing Material, Articles Including Same And Systems For Depositing Material", filed on 14 April 2006; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/792,084, of Maria J. Anc, For "Methods Of Depositing Material, Methods Of Making A Device, And System", filed 14 April 2006, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/792,086, of Marshall Cox, et al, for "Methods Of Depositing Nanomaterial & Methods Of Making A Device" filed 14 April 2006; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/792,167, of Seth Coe-Sullivan, et al, for "Articles For Depositing Materials, Transfer Surfaces, And Methods" filed 14 April 2006; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/793,990, of LeeAnn Kim et al., for "Applicator For Depositing Materials And Methods" filed 21 April 2006; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/790,393 of Seth Coe-Sullivan et al, for "Methods And Articles Including Nanomaterial", filed on 7 April 2006. The disclosures of each of the foregoing listed provisional patent applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
In certain embodiments, the array of semiconductor nanocrystals comprises semiconductor nanocrystals dispersed in a material (e.g., a polymer, a resin, a silica glass, silica gel, aerogel, other porous or nonporous matrices, etc.) which is at least partially light-transmissive to the wavelength to be detected, and more preferably transparent, for the wavelength to be detected. Preferably, the material includes from about 10% to about 95% by weight semiconductor nanocrystals. Such dispersion can be deposited as a full or partial layer or in a patterned arrangement by any of the above-listed or other known techniques. Examples of other suitable materials include, for example, polystyrene, epoxy, polyimides, and silica glass. Preferably such dispersions are deposited by solution process technology. After application to the surface, such material desirably contains dispersed semiconductor nanocrystals in an array where the nanocrystals have been selected and arranged by composition, structure, and/or size so as to absorb the light to be detected and to generate an electrical signal or other output in response to the absorbed light. Dispersions of semiconductor nanocrystals in, e.g., polystryrene or epoxy, can be prepared as set forth, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,501,091 or by other suitable techniques.
Semiconductor nanocrystals can be deposited at a micron-scale (e.g., less than 1 mm, less than 500 μm, less than 200 μm, less than 100 μm or less, less than 50 μm or less, less than 20 μm or less, less than 10 μm or less) or larger patterning of features on a surface. In certain embodiments, the features have a size in the range from about 10 to about 100 micron. In certain embodiments the features can a size of about 30 microns. Features in the size range from about 10 to about 100 microns are preferred sizes for subpixels features. The surface can have dimensions of 1 cm or greater, 10 cm or greater, 100 cm or greater, or 1,000 cm or greater. Optionally, devices can be stitched (or tiled) together, to expand device sizes from 12" squares, to 'n x 12" squares, as is frequently done in the semiconductor lithography field.
Each photodetector included in the array may also be referred to as a pixel. Each pixel may further include two or more subpixels, each of which may be capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation having the same or different wavelength as that absorbed by another subpixel included in the pixel. Advantageously, each layer of the device, other than the semiconductor nanocrystal array layer, can be deposited as a blanket film. No patterning is required of these layers, resulting in low cost manufacturing. In certain embodiments, this permits simple on-silicon integration. Although, in certain embodiments any one or more of the other layers can be patterned.
FIGURE 3 illustrates an example of a possible hyperspectral imaging device structure.
FIGURE 4 depicts an expected absorption and photodetector response for a device with a structure shown in FIGURE 3 including semiconductor nanocrystals. The expected response is based on a device including semiconductor nanocrystals with a bandgap of 2.2eV, and containing a core of CdSe which has a bulk bandgap of 1.8eV. The tuning from 1.8eV to 2.2eV is due to the quantum confinement effects, and is dependent on the size of the semiconductor nanocrystals used. The photocurrent of the device is expected to track the absorption spectrum of the semiconductor nanocrystals included in the device.
Because of the decreased thermal generation per unit volume in quantum confined materials, semiconductor nanocrystal thin films can offer less noise for the same absorption cross- section.
Examples of a photodetector including semiconductor nanocrystals are described in "A Quantum Dot Heterojunction Photodetector" by Alexi Cosmos Arango, Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Computer Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2005, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Other examples of photodetectors and/or uses thereof are described in Qi, et al., "Efficient
Polymer Nanocrystal Quantum-Dot Photodetectors", Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 093103 (2005); Hegg, et at, A Nano-scale Quantum Dot Photodetector by Self- Assembly, Proceedings of the SPDE, Volume 6003, pp. 10-18 (2005); and Rogalski, "Optical Detectors for Focal Plane Arrays", Opto-EIectronics Review 12(2) 221-245 (2004). The disclosures of the foregoing publications are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
As used herein, "top" and "bottom" are relative positional terms, based upon a location from a reference point. More particularly, "top" means furthest away from the substrate, while "bottom" means closest to the substrate. For example, the bottom electrode is the electrode closest to the substrate, and is generally the first electrode fabricated; the top electrode is the electrode that is more remote from the substrate, on the top side of the array of semiconductor nanocrystals. The bottom electrode has two surfaces, a bottom surface closest to the substrate, and a top surface further away from the substrate. Where, e.g., a first layer is described as disposed or deposited "over" a second layer, the first layer is disposed further away from substrate. There may be other layers between the first and second layer, unless it is otherwise specified. For example, a cathode may be described as "disposed over" an anode, even though there are various other layers in between.
18. An hyperspectral imaging device in accordance with claim 1 wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals comprises a Group II-VI compound, a Group H-V compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group IH-V compound, a Group IV-VI compound, a Group I-III-VI compound, a Group II-IV-VI compound, a Group II-IV-V compound, and mixtures thereof.
20. An hyperspectral imaging device in accordance with claim 16 wherein the core comprises a Group II-VI compound, a Group II-V compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group HI-V compound, a Group IV-VI compound, a Group I-III-VI compound, a Group II-IV-VI compound, a Group II-IV-V compound, and mixtures thereof.
21. An hyperspectral imaging device in accordance with claim 20 wherein the shell comprises a Group II-VI compound, a Group H-V compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group III-V compound, a Group IV-VI compound, a Group I-III-VI compound, a Group II-IV-VI compound, a Group II-IV-V compound, and mixtures thereof.
24. An hyperspectral imaging device of any of the preceding claims wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals.
25. The new, useful and unobvious processes, machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter, as shown and described herein.
26. New, useful and unobvious improvements of processes, machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter, as shown and described herein.
PCT/US2007/007424 2006-03-24 2007-03-26 Hyperspectral imaging device WO2007112088A2 (en)
US60/785,786 2006-03-24
US12/284,462 Continuation US8610232B2 (en) 2006-03-24 2008-09-22 Hyperspectral imaging device
WO2007112088A2 true WO2007112088A2 (en) 2007-10-04
WO2007112088A9 WO2007112088A9 (en) 2007-11-08
WO2007112088A3 WO2007112088A3 (en) 2009-04-02
WO2016192832A1 (en) * 2015-05-29 2016-12-08 Merck Patent Gmbh Solution process for insb nanoparticles and application for ir detectors
EP3378100A4 (en) * 2016-03-11 2019-07-24 Invisage Technologies Inc Image sensors including those providing global electronic shutter
WO2012138409A2 (en) * 2011-04-02 2012-10-11 Qd Vision, Inc. Devices including quantum dots and method
KR20130070892A (en) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-28 한국전자통신연구원 Photodiode device
US20090174022A1 (en) 2009-07-09
ES2301078T3 (en) 2008-06-16 Organic light-sensitive devices.
KR101165656B1 (en) 2012-07-16 Process for producing organic photo-electric converting element and organic photo-electric converting element
US8023306B2 (en) 2011-09-20 Electronic and optoelectronic devices with quantum dot films
JP5453396B2 (en) 2014-03-26 Polymer coated carbon nanotubes near infrared photovoltaic device
Ref document number: 07754001