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Long-Term Care Home Design Manual
Background: The Evolution of Ontario's Long-Term Care Home Design Standards The Resident Home Area Concept
PART 1 ­ Using This Design Manual
Definitions Measurement Abbreviations Application and Scope ­ Who and What the Design Manual Covers
PART 2 ­ The Standards 1.0 ­ Resident Home Areas (RHAs)
1.1 Resident Home Areas (RHAs)
2.0 ­ Resident Personal Space in the RHAs
2.1 2.2 2.3 Resident Bedrooms Resident Washrooms Resident Bath Rooms and Shower Rooms
3.0 ­ Spaces for Staff Activities in the RHA
3.1 3.2 Nursing and Program/Therapy Work Space RHA Storage Space for Resident Care Supplies and Equipment
4.0 ­ Resident Lounge and Program/Activity Space
4.1 Resident Lounge and Program/Activity Space
5.0 ­ Dining Areas and Dietary Service Space
5.1 5.2 Resident Dining Areas Dietary Service Space
6.0 ­ Resident Community Space
6.1 Outdoor Space
Beauty Salon/Barber Shop Place of Worship Enhanced Resident Space
7.0 ­ Environmental Services
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Laundry Space Housekeeping Service Support Space Utility Space Maintenance Service Support Space
8.0 ­ Safety and Security Features
8.1 8.2 8.3 Resident/Staff Communication and Response System Door Access Control System Water Temperature Control System
9.0 ­ Building Systems
9.1 9.2 9.3 Lighting Systems Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) System Emergency Generating System
10.0 ­ Other Features
10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Storage Space Non-Resident Space Receiving/Service Space Reception/Entrance Space Way-Finding Elevators Public Washrooms Corridors
34 34 35 36 36 37 37 38
PART 3 ­ Resources
The Long-Term Care Home Design Manual, 2009 (the Design Manual) contains the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care's revised design standards and retrofit standards for long-term care homes in Ontario. In using this Design Manual, please keep in mind that the standards are the minimum design features that must be achieved for all applicable long-term care home projects. · Introduction. It includes background information on the evolution of long-term care home design standards in Ontario. Part 1 ­ Using this Design Manual. It has definitions of words and terms in the Design Manual and its application and scope. Part 2 ­ The Standards. It has design objectives, design standards and retrofit standards for long-term care homes' resident, staff and public spaces. There are also recommendations for design options that operators may want to consider for further improving spaces in long-term care homes and that are consistent with the mandatory standards in this Design Manual. Part 3 ­ Other Resources for Long-Term Care Home Operators. There is a contact information list for other Ontario government and municipal resources.
Background: The Evolution of Ontario's Long-Term Care Home Design Standards
In 1998, the Government of Ontario announced a new capital program to support the building of approximately 20,000 new long-term care beds and the redevelopment of approximately 16,000 existing &quot;D&quot; classification long-term care beds. This initiative included a new capital funding program and a new set of long-term care home design standards. The Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (the Ministry) consulted with many stakeholders in the development of these standards. The objective of the new standards was to create less institutional, more residential long-term care homes that would provide a higher quality of life to the people who lived there. The Ministry published the new design standards in the Long-Term Care Facility Design Manual, May 1999. In January 2002, the Ministry introduced the 2002 D Bed Program, which included the Retrofit Option to provide operators with more flexibility to bring their existing long-term care homes up to current design standards. The Long-Term Care Retrofit Design Manual, January 2002 set out retrofit design standards based on the Long-Term Care Facility Design Manual, May 1999. In publishing the 2002 retrofit manual, the Ministry recognized that there may be circumstances where an operator could not fully comply with the standards within the existing structure. The Long-Term Care Home Design Manual, 2009 represents a consolidation and revision of policies contained in both The Long-Term Care Facility Design Manual, May 1999 and the Long-Term Care Retrofit Design Manual, January 2002. The Long-Term Care Home Design Manual, 2009 promotes innovative design in long-term care homes in Ontario. These new design standards give service providers greater flexibility to create environments that make it possible to respond positively and appropriately to the diverse physical, psychological, social and cultural needs of all long-term care home residents. The Design Manual's goal is to integrate design concepts that will: · facilitate the provision of quality resident care in an environment that is comfortable, aesthetically pleasing and as &quot;home-like&quot; as possible. support well-coordinated, interdisciplinary care for residents who have diverse care requirements.
The Resident Home Area Concept
In 1999, the Ministry established the concept of &quot;Resident Home Areas.&quot; Resident Home Areas (RHAs) are smaller, self-contained units within the home that: · · give residents more intimate and familiar living spaces support long-term care home staff in providing efficient care to residents.
RHAs continue to be the foundation for Ontario's long-term care home design standards. In the 1999 Design Manual, the Ministry made the following commitment: &quot;as resident care, program and service requirements change, the development of new and revised design standards will be necessary to respond to these changes in resident needs... it (the Design Manual) will be revised as necessary to incorporate new ideas that will support a facility design that best meets the care, program, and service needs of residents.&quot; The Long-Term Care Home Design Manual, 2009 continues that commitment.
The following words, terms and abbreviations used in this Design Manual have the meanings set out below except where the context indicates otherwise: Bedrooms ­ · a private bedroom is a one-bed bedroom accommodating one resident and has a separate ensuite washroom; a semi-private bedroom is a one-bed bedroom accommodating one resident, another one-bed bedroom accommodating one resident with each bedroom having direct access into a shared ensuite washroom; and, a basic (standard) bedroom is a two-bed bedroom accommodating two residents and has a separate ensuite washroom.
Design Manual ­ The Long-Term Care Home Design Manual, 2009. Design Objectives ­ the purpose and design expectations for each area, including how the space is to be used and what the resident focus should be to achieve the optimal care outcomes. Design Standards ­ the requirements set out in this Design Manual that must be incorporated into the design of each long-term care home, not including retrofit standards. Long-Term Care Homes ­ means nursing homes under the Nursing Homes Act, charitable homes for the aged under the Charitable Institutions Act, municipal homes for the aged under the Homes for the Aged and Rest Homes Act, and long-term care homes under the Long-Term Care Homes Act, 2007. Ministry ­ Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Operator ­ an existing operator of a long-term care home or a person with whom the Ministry contracts to develop and operate a long-term care home. Recommendations ­ the Ministry's suggestions for optional design features that further promote quality long-term care home design and quality care outcomes and, thus, are in the spirit of this Design Manual. The Ministry has included them in this Design Manual as helpful guidance for operators and encourages operators to consider them.
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual Resident Home Areas or RHAs ­ smaller, self-contained units within the long-term care home that give residents more intimate and familiar living spaces and supports long-term care home staff in providing efficient care to residents. Retrofit ­ the definition of &quot;retrofit&quot; is unique to this Design Manual. It is not the definition found in provincial legislation such as the Ontario Building Code and the Ontario Fire Code. Operators considering relying on retrofit standards should consult with their architects about the requirements under other applicable law, including the Ontario Building Code and the Ontario Fire Code. Part 3 of this Design Manual has contact information. Retrofit Standards ­ are based on the design standards, with added design flexibility to address the constraints of the existing long-term care home. The retrofit standards apply to spaces located within the existing long-term care building or to additional floors added to an existing long-term care building. The retrofit standards may also apply to an attached retirement home that is being incorporated into the redevelopment of the long term-care home or additional floors being added to that retirement home in the course of redevelopment. All other additions to an existing long-term care building must meet the design standards. Retrofit standards are identified in this Design Manual by their placement in a shaded box and by a section reference that contains a letter of the alphabet, (e.g., 1.1.1.(a)). The Ministry prefers that a long-term care home meet the design standards in this Design Manual. However, the Ministry recognizes that there may be possible project limitations. In these cases, the operator may propose alternatives, subject to Ministry approval, provided that: · · the alternatives address the design objectives to the Ministry's satisfaction, and, all relevant retrofit design standards are met.
If a decision is made to seek Ministry approval of plans that rely on any of the retrofit design standards in this Design Manual, please refer to the current policy for funding construction costs of long-term care homes as a reduction in funding may apply. Useable Net Floor Space in Resident Bedrooms ­ the area of a long-term care bedroom excluding the clothes closet, resident washroom, space that is occupied by mechanical/electrical incremental units, building structure (e g., columns) and built-in furnishings and the vestibule (see below). Vestibule in Resident Bedroom ­ the entrance space within the bedroom that, typically, is the space inclusive of, and surrounding, the door-swing of the bedroom door and the remaining areas leading into the bedroom.
The following common abbreviations for measurement are used in this Design Manual: · · · · ft ­ feet in ­ inches lx ­ lux, luxes or luces m ­ metres mm ­ millimetres.
Application and Scope ­ Who and What the Design Manual Covers
Except as the Ministry may otherwise specify in writing, the Long-Term Care Home Design Manual: · applies to the construction of all long-term care homes in Ontario, except for the construction of long-term care homes that the Ministry approves under development agreements entered into before March, 2009. supersedes any prior Ontario government requirements and guidelines on long-term care home design used in the past by either the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care or the Ministry of Community and Social Services for long-term care home development. contains the minimum design features that must be achieved for all long-term care home development projects.
In using this Design Manual, please keep in mind that: · · The retrofit standards are the only standards where there is design flexibility. In addition to complying with the design standards and the retrofit standards, all longterm care homes are required to operate under all applicable Ontario government legislation, regulation, operational and program standards. This Design Manual is subject to all applicable law of Ontario and Canada. For more information on Ontario government legislation, regulation, operational and program standards, contact ServiceOntario, see PART 3 ­ Resources.
PART 2 ­ The Standards
The standards are organized under the following 10 sections: 2. Resident Home Areas (RHAs) 3. Resident Personal Space in the RHAs 4. Spaces for Staff Activities in the RHAs 5. Resident Lounge and Program/Activity Space 6. Dining Areas and Dietary Services Space 7. Resident Community Space 8. Environmental Services 9. Safety and Security Features 10. Building Systems 11. Other Features
Each of the 10 sections has the: · · design objective design standards.
In addition, some sections have: · · retrofit standards recommendations.
1.0 ­ Resident Home Areas (RHAs)
Each RHA must be a self-contained unit for residents of that area to use. The intent is to create smaller home-like units instead of large group/institutional living environments.
1.1.1 RHAs must be clearly defined, distinct units located on the same floor and provide accommodation for a maximum of 32 residents.
1.1.1(a) RHAs must be clearly defined distinct units that may provide accommodation for a maximum of 40 residents. 1.1.1(b) RHAs must be clearly defined distinct units. They may be split between two adjacent floors provided that each floor of the split RHA has the following spaces: · lounge space (there must be at least 1 lounge on each floor that is a minimum of 14 square m (150 square ft) housekeeping/janitor closet soiled utility space staff work space.
Please Note ­ Dining space in a split RHA can be located on each floor or only on one of the floors. Where there is dining space on only one of the floors, the project summary must include the operator's plan for transporting residents from one floor to another for meal times.
In each RHA, the bath and shower rooms, dining area(s), lounge area(s) and program/activity space must be located close to the resident bedrooms. The RHA must be a self-contained &quot;living system.&quot; It must not allow for anyone (resident, staff member or visitor) to pass through the RHA to get from one part of the home to another. 5
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual 1.1.4 The Resident Home Areas as well as the other areas of a long-term care home must be completely separate and distinct from space which is used for other purposes. If the long-term care home is to be part of a larger integrated complex (e.g., a combined complex that includes a rest/retirement home and a long-term care home) the space allocated for the long-term care residents must be distinct from the rest of the complex. It is acceptable to share building service areas such as the kitchen, laundry and staff rooms.
2.1 Resident Bedrooms
See the definition of &quot;bedroom&quot; in Part 1.
The resident bedroom is the centre of a resident's personal space. It is the place where the most private activities take place: e.g., sleeping, grooming and dressing. Its design must meet each resident's need for comfort and safety, promote the resident's independence and, provide for resident privacy. Each bedroom must be designed to maximize a sense of familiarity for residents and support direct care staff in the safe delivery of quality resident care. There are three types of accommodation: private bedroom, semi-private bedroom and a basic (standard) bedroom. Please Note ­ Ontario regulations establish the proportion of beds that must be provided at the basic/standard rate.
2.1.1 Resident bedrooms must have one or two beds but not more than two beds per bedroom. A one-bed bedroom must have at least 12.08 square m (130 square ft) of useable net floor space.
Retrofit Standard
2.1.2(a) A one-bed bedroom may have a minimum 11.15 square m (120 square ft) of useable net floor space.
A two-bed bedroom must have at least 10.68 square m (115 square ft) of useable net floor space per resident.
2.1.3(a) A two-bed bedroom may have a minimum of 9.75 square m (105 square ft) of usable net floor space per resident. 2.1.3(b) Two-bed bedrooms may meet a minimum of 9.3 square m (100 square ft) of usable net floor space per resident provided that: · the average of the retrofitted two-bed bedrooms throughout the home is at least 9.75 square m (105 square ft) of usable net floor space per resident AND no more than 10 per cent of the retrofitted two-bed bedrooms throughout the home are less than 9.75 square m (105 square ft) of usable net floor space per resident.
Two-bed bedrooms must provide privacy for each resident of the room. Every bedroom must have an ensuite washroom. The entrance to the washroom must be from within the bedroom itself (which includes the vestibule). Bedrooms must have a clothes closet for each resident. Each clothes closet must have at least 0.56 square m (6 square ft) of floor space. The clothes closet must be large enough in height and depth to store and hang clothes. If portable, the clothes closet must have a non-tipping design.
2.1.7(a) Bedrooms must have clothes closets for each resident. Each clothes closet may have a minimum of 0.46 square m (5 square ft) of floor space. The clothes closet must be large enough in height and depth to store and hang clothes. If portable, the clothes closet must have a non-tipping design.
Bedroom doors must be a minimum width of 1120 mm (44 in). If a lock is installed on a bedroom door, the lock must be readily releasable and easy for residents and staff to open. In each bedroom, there must be sufficient space to give caregivers access to three sides of each bed -- that is, both sides of the bed and the foot of the bed.
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual 2.1.11 Bedrooms must be designed to allow specialized program equipment access around the two sides and the foot of the bed. Bedrooms must be designed to allow a 180 degrees change of direction of any care equipment within the room. Bedrooms must have at least one window that provides a direct view to the outdoors or to other naturally-lit space when both sitting and lying in bed. The lowest edge of window glass must be no more than 600 mm (2 ft) from the floor to ensure an unobstructed view to the outside. The size of the window must be equal to, or greater than, 10 per cent of the floor area of the bedroom to ensure that there is sufficient natural lighting for the bedroom. Windows that open to the outdoors must have screens in the spring, summer and fall seasons. Telephone and television service capability must be provided for each resident in each bedroom.
Resident Washrooms
Each washroom must be designed to promote resident privacy, dignity and independence. In addition, the washroom space must also allow caregivers to provide effective and safe care delivery.
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 Resident washrooms must contain a toilet and a hand washbasin. Resident washrooms must have an entrance width of at least 914 mm (3 ft). When open, a washroom door must not block the bedroom entrance-way and must not swing into another door in the bedroom, such as the bedroom door or a clothes closet door. A lock on a washroom door must be readily releasable and easy for residents and caregivers to open. There must be no direct view of the toilet in the ensuite washrooms from the corridor when the washroom door is open. Washrooms must have sufficient space to enable independent and/or assisted transfer from the front and at least one side of the toilet.
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual 2.2.7 In order to allow for sufficient space for a wheelchair or a walker, and for staff to assist a resident, there must be a 1.524 m (5 ft) turning circle in each resident washroom. Please Note ­ the turning circle is measured from the edge of the toilet seat and to the edge of the countertop/sink.
2.2.6(a) The 1.524 m (5 ft) foot turning circle may go underneath the toilet and the sink however the amount of space that can be measured underneath the toilet and sink will be limited to the depth of the wheelchair pedals / foot rests. The 1.524 m (5 ft) turning circle does not include the space all the way to the walls where the toilet and sink hang.
There must be a securely fastened grab bar beside the toilet within the resident's easy reach. Each grab bar must be of sufficient size and design to support the full weight of a resident and must be placed on a reinforced wall capable of sustaining the weight load. Washrooms must have counter space to allow for easy placement of personal grooming items and be equipped with a mirror. There must be accessible space in each washroom for individual storage of each resident's personal items. When two residents share a washroom, there must be separate storage space available for each resident. Lever-handled taps that clearly distinguish between hot and cold water must be provided in all resident washrooms. This type of fixture is the preferred model for residents with visual impairments and for residents with physical disabilities that affect hand movement. If a sliding door is installed in the washroom: · Door handles must be easy to grip (&quot;C&quot; or &quot;D&quot; type handles) and located on the door so that hands and knuckles will not be hit when opening and shutting the door. The door must shut completely to ensure resident privacy. The door must slide easily to make it easy for a resident to use.
Consider providing: 1. a night-light in the bedroom near the doorway to the washroom.
Resident Bath Rooms and Shower Rooms
Resident bath rooms and shower rooms must be safe, private and comfortable for residents. They must also be designed so that caregivers can easily and safely assist residents to bath or shower in a manner that protects resident dignity and promotes independence as much as possible.
2.3.1 RHAs must have a minimum of: · one separate room with a raised bathtub equipped with a hydraulic, electric or mechanical lift one separate room with a shower (the showering area must have sufficient space to accommodate a shower chair so that a resident can receive help in showering in a sitting position) a washroom (toilet and a sink) located in each bath room and shower room OR a shared washroom, (toilet and sink) with direct access from both rooms.
There must be no direct view of the bathtub, the shower or the toilet from the corridor outside of each resident bath room and shower room. The toilet in the resident bath room and shower room must be positioned so that independent and/or assisted transfer from at least the front and one side of the toilet can occur. There must be a securely fastened grab bar for resident's use at each toilet, and on the faucet wall and on the adjacent wall of each shower. All resident bath rooms and shower rooms must be equipped with an independently controlled thermostat to allow the room temperature to be set at the resident's preference while bathing or showering.
2.3.5(a) All resident bath and shower rooms must be equipped with an independently controlled thermostat or heat lamp to allow for resident comfort.
Space must be provided in each bath and shower room to accommodate resident towels, personal clothing and toiletries. Resident bath rooms and shower rooms must have secure areas to store cleaning supplies.
Consider providing: 1. separate areas in the resident bath rooms and shower rooms where residents can receive help with dressing and grooming after their bath or shower, to support resident comfort, privacy and dignity. 2. a hair washing sink in at least one resident bath room or shower room in each RHA.
3.1 Nursing and Program/Therapy Work Space
The provision of resident care involves the assessment, planning, implementation, communication and evaluation of care. The work space for staff in each RHA must be designed to support a well-coordinated, multi-disciplinary care system that will allow staff to meet residents' care and treatment needs in an efficient and effective manner. The work space for staff must also be designed so that it can readily be identified by residents, staff, visitors and others as an information centre or an area for contacting staff. See also, WayFinding (10.5).
3.1.1 RHAs must have work space for nursing and program/therapy staff so they can carry out their administrative duties. The space must accommodate: · · · 3.1.2 a work area to complete documentation multi-disciplinary team activities secure storage of resident care records.
On every floor where RHAs are located, there must be one space to support the delivery of therapeutic programs that the home provides such as podiatry, dental, ophthalmology, social and psychiatric services. There must be a minimum of one therapy room for every three RHAs. This space or spaces must be in a centrally accessible area. In areas where therapeutic programs are delivered, there must be convenient access for residents to a washroom that is separate from resident bedroom washrooms.
RHA Storage Space for Resident Care Supplies and Equipment
There must be space for storing required medications, supplies and equipment for the care and treatment for residents in each RHA. Medications and nursing care supplies and equipment must be stored in a place where they are readily accessible to caregivers but do not intrude on the residents' personal space.
3.2.1 The storage space for resident care supplies and equipment must be convenient and accessible to the staff working in each RHA. Secured space must be provided either within every RHA or shared between RHAs on the same floor, for the storage of resident medications, stock medications and medication carts. There must be secure space with lockable cupboards for the storage of all supplies and equipment related to care delivery. Areas used for charging of batteries (e.g., wheelchair batteries) must have adequate and continuous mechanical ventilation.
Residents' lounges must be comfortable and designed so that residents can interact in a relaxed atmosphere with other residents, family members and visitors. The lounges must be designed for conversation, reading, and other social activities. Program and activity areas must be able to accommodate a variety of resident-focused activities and support social functions which promote resident quality of life.
4.1.1 The minimum total required space for resident lounge and program/activity space is 2.5 square m (27 square ft) per resident.
4.1.1(a) The minimum total required space for resident lounge and program/activity space is 1.95 square m (21 square ft) per resident.
At least 70 per cent of the required resident lounge and program/activity space for each RHA must be located in the RHA. The remaining required space for the resident lounge and program/activity space may be located outside the RHA(s) for access by all residents of the long-term care home.
4.1.2(a) At least 50 per cent of the required resident lounge, program/activity space for each RHA must be located in the RHA. The remaining required space for lounge, program/activity space may be located outside the RHA for all residents of the longterm care home.
Each RHA must have at least one resident lounge with a minimum of 14 square m (150 square ft) of total floor area.
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual 4.1.4 Each RHA must have at least one resident program/activity space with a minimum of 14 square m (150 square ft) of total floor area. At least one resident lounge in each RHA must have a window with a direct view to the outside or to a naturally-lit area. Resident program/activity areas must have convenient access to a washroom that is separate from and not located in resident bedrooms or tub and shower rooms. Where resident-accessible electrical appliances are provided, there must be deactivation (&quot;kill&quot;) switches.
5.1 Resident Dining Areas
All resident dining areas must include design features that promote a &quot;home-like&quot; feel and that reinforce &quot;familiar&quot; eating patterns associated with smaller social gatherings. Efforts must be made to keep noise to a minimum in dining area(s) by providing finishes that reduce reflected noise and increase sound absorption.
5.1.1 RHAs must have dedicated space for dining that is separate from any other type of space. The minimum, total required space for dining area(s) is 2.8 square m (30 square ft) of floor area per resident, excluding servery space.
5.1.2(a) The minimum required space for dining area(s) is 2.32 square m (25 square ft) of floor area per resident, excluding the servery space.
100 per cent of the required space for dining area(s) must be located within the RHA.
5.1.3(a) At least 70 per cent of the total required space for dining must be located within the RHAs and allocated based on the numbers of residents in each RHA. Up to 30 per cent of the total required space for dining may be located outside the RHA(s) to support alternative dining programs. However, the Ministry requirements for meal service (e.g., the provision of three meals per day, which includes alternates /choices, diet types, etc.) must be provided in these areas.
Dining areas must have convenient access to a washroom that is separate from and not located in resident bedrooms and tub and shower rooms and does not open directly into food preparation or dining areas.
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual 5.1.5 5.1.6 Dining areas must incorporate storage space for equipment/supplies as necessary. Dining areas must have a hand washing sink either in the dining area or immediately next to the dining area for staff to use in preparing, delivering and serving food to the residents. If the hand washing sink is located in the servery, it must be accessible immediately upon entering the area. Dining areas must provide a direct view to the outdoors or other naturally-lit space. To provide resident comfort and security while eating, dining area chairs must have arms and dining tables must accommodate no more than four residents. Dining areas must provide a servery area for assembling and serving meals. If the dining area is located immediately next to the kitchen, the kitchen can be used for the servery function. A separate housekeeping/janitor's closet (with a curb service sink) to store the supplies and equipment used to clean each dining area and servery must be provided close to each dining area.
Dietary Service Space
Please Note ­ The kitchen of a long-term care home must comply with the design standards and other requirements set out in Ontario Regulation 562 (Food Premises) under the Health Protection and Promotion Act. Municipal governments administer this regulation. Please contact the applicable local public health unit/department with any questions on regulatory requirements.
The design of the dietary service space must facilitate the delivery of a quality food service program that responds to residents' physical, social and nutritional care needs. The design of the dietary service space must also be flexible enough to respond to changing dietary service models, to different cultural and therapeutic dietary requirements and to different food preparation methods. Decisions about the type of meal service program and the necessary equipment to support that program must be determined before designing the dietary service space. In addition to serving residents of the long-term care home, the dietary service space may also be used to provide dietary services to other types of homes (e.g., retirement homes/rest homes and supportive housing units) or other community support service programs (e.g., Meals-onWheels or non-resident community dining programs).
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual Dietary service space must accommodate the receiving, storage and preparation of food products and goods for the dietary program and the delivery of meals/snacks to the residents of the home.
5.2.1 The dietary service space must be designed so that the storage areas for small equipment and utensils and for non-refrigerated and frozen food are conveniently located for dietary staff to easily access and use them. Storage areas must be close to dietary work areas. The dietary service space must include a work area for dietary staff that: · · · 5.2.3 is secure for records and reference materials accommodates appropriate furnishings and equipment is accessible without passing through the food production area.
The design of the dietary service space must provide for a layout that allows for an efficient work flow, prevents cross-contamination between clean and soiled areas and supports safe food production and delivery. The design of the dietary service space must allow for the preparation of a range of food products prepared in a variety of methods. The design of the dietary service space must support the delivery of a bulk food service system to the dining areas so that meals can be served by individual course. The design of the dietary service space must include serving areas near the dining area(s) so that residents have the opportunity to see and smell food, snacks can be prepared and residents can make food choices at the point of meal service. Dietary service space must be provided to accommodate the required equipment to support the home's meal service program. The provided equipment must be appropriate in size and design to prepare and serve a variety of food products and beverages that meet the nutritional care needs of residents, retain the texture, colour and palatability of food items, and allow the home to meet the cultural requirements, therapeutic needs and food preferences of all of its residents. The dietary service space must be designed to keep excessive noise, steam and heat to a minimum. Depending on the food service program, the dietary service space must provide space for scraping, soaking, pre-rinsing, washing, rinsing, sanitizing, air drying and sorting of dishes, pots/pans, utensils, large equipment and carts. The dietary service space must include adequate floor drainage. 19
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual 5.2.11 There must be storage space for non-refrigerated (dry) goods and supplies. The storage space must meet usual and peak capacity volume storage requirements and be well-ventilated. There must be storage space for refrigerated and frozen food supplies. This storage space must meet usual and peak capacity volume storage requirements. The dietary service space must include hand washing area(s). The dietary service space must include convenient access to electrical services and to hot and cold water supply services. The dietary service space must provide separate and sufficient space for garbage cans/recycling bins. The dietary service space must provide secure storage space for chemicals, cleaning supplies and equipment used to clean the dietary service space (e.g., kitchen mops and pails) and equipment used to deliver meals and snacks to residents (e.g., food carts). The dietary service space must include a separate housekeeping/janitor's closet that is equipped with a curb sink. Where major electrical appliances are located in the servery(s) that are accessible to residents, there must be deactivation (&quot;kill&quot;) switches. Where a long-term care home is sharing the kitchen with another service space within the same complex (e.g., a hospital), there must be: · a contingency plan that ensures that, if part of the multi-use complex closes, the long-term care home will be able to continue to use the shared kitchen or that a kitchen will be added to the long-term care home a contingency plan that ensures that food for the long-term care home will be provided in the event that the shared kitchen is not able to provide food due to an outbreak. a commitment that the serveries will have storage space for at least a 2-day supply of refrigerated/frozen and dry storage food items a commitment that the serveries will have equipment (e.g., a range, microwave, toaster, etc.) that will allow the residents the opportunity to see and smell food cooking
Consider: 1. involving a food service design consultant in planning the food service program and designing the dietary service space. 2. where other services/programs share dietary service space, (e.g., Meals-on-Wheels), providing additional dietary service space, as appropriate, to accommodate the needs of these services/programs without compromising the level of service required for the longterm care home's residents. 3. the extent to which meals will be prepared centrally and in a decentralized location when designing the dietary service space. The allocation of dietary service space will be different if all foods are prepared in a central kitchen versus a kitchenette or servery located in the RHA. While centralized production provides for the greatest control of quality food preparation, decentralized production maximizes individual service to the residents and promotes a &quot;home-like&quot; atmosphere.
The outdoor space must be designed to provide a safe environment for residents in which they can enjoy the outdoors.
6.1.1 Outdoor space must be provided on every floor where there is an RHA or one of the floors of the RHA split between 2 adjacent floors.
6.1.1(a) Residents must have access to adequate outdoor space.
The distance measured from the entrance of the resident outdoor space to the farthest resident bedroom must be no more than 61 m (200 ft) There must be outdoor space that is accessible at grade level. At least one outdoor space at grade level must be enclosed to prevent unauthorized entering or exiting from the home. Enclosed outdoor spaces, including grade level spaces, balconies, roof top terraces etc. must have a minimum fence/railing height of 1.6 m (5 ft). The landscaping and design of resident outdoor space must consider the safety needs of residents. Outdoor space in resident-accessible areas must incorporate hard, flat surfaces and not include inclines and steps. Each outdoor space must have an area that provides shade, seating and protection from wind and other harsh weather elements.
The beauty salon/barber shop enables residents to participate in an enhanced level of grooming that is a familiar activity of daily living.
6.2.1 The long-term care home must have a beauty salon/barber shop that is available to all residents. There must be sufficient space to include hairdressing chairs, work and storage counters, secured storage space for chemicals and a hair drying area. The beauty salon/barber shop must contain a shampoo chair that allows residents to have their hair washed, either leaning forward over the basin or leaning back, and a hair wash sink equipped with a hose. There must be a hand washing sink in the beauty salon/barber shop.
Consider: 1. locating the beauty salon/barber shop mechanical exhaust ventilation where it will best control the odours from hairdressing processes.
To provide residents a place to maintain their spiritual beliefs, religious observances, practices and affiliations.
6.3.1 A long-term care home must have space for the purpose of worship.
Enhanced Resident Space
Lounge and program/activity space provided outside of the RHAs that provide residents with opportunities to leave the RHAs and meet and interact for social purposes.
6.4.1 If all of the required lounge space and program/activity space is located in the RHA(s), at least one additional area must be located outside the RHA(s). Residents must have convenient access to a separate washroom, located outside the RHAs and close to the additional lounge and program/activity space.
7.1 Laundry Space
Laundry space designed to meet the daily laundry requirements of all residents with consideration given to the design requirements for on-site laundry as well as design requirements for holding laundry prior to being processed off-site.
7.1.1 The laundry space must be able to accommodate industrial washers and dryers of appropriate size and capacity to meet the laundry service needs of the long-term care home. If the home shares laundry services with other operations (e.g., an adjoining rest/retirement home), the size of the laundry space must be able to accommodate maximum laundry service volumes. The laundry space must be designed so that there is access to all sides of the equipment (including washers, dryers and chemical dispensers) necessary to ensure easy cleaning and repair work as necessary. The laundry space must be designed so that there is separation of, and a one way work flow between, clean and soiled areas. The laundry space must be equipped with hand washing facilities that are conveniently located for staff use. The laundry space must include space for collecting, storing and sorting soiled laundry until it can be processed. The laundry space must have space for all laundering process functions including storing, folding and hanging clean linen/personal clothing, and labelling personal clothing. If the home uses an off-site laundry service, there must be separate space in the longterm care home for soiled laundry storage and for clean laundry receiving and delivery. The laundry space must have access to an area for cleaning and sanitizing laundry equipment such as carts for soiled linens. The laundry space must include storage space for laundry services supplies and equipment. The laundry space must have floor drainage. 25
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual 7.1.11 Where the home provides laundry chutes, there must be restricted resident access to the chutes.
Consider providing: 1. when the home uses an off-site laundry service, a refrigerated storage area for soiled laundry, designed to accommodate routine washing down.
Housekeeping Service Support Space
Space dedicated to the housekeeping services to promote efficient and well-organized cleaning programs that will facilitate a clean and safe environment for all residents, staff, family and visitors.
7.2.1 Housekeeping/janitor's closets must be located both inside and outside the RHAs to support the long-term care home's housekeeping requirements, cleaning equipment and cleaning supply storage requirements for the long-term care home. Housekeeping/janitor's closets must be equipped with a hot and cold running water supply, a curb service sink and have enough space for garbage collection, sorting and pick-up. Housekeeping/janitor's closets must have sufficient space and provide for securely storing chemicals, cleaning supplies and chemical dispensing units and have enough space for storing carts and other housekeeping equipment like mops and pails.
Clean and soiled utility spaces to facilitate a clean, safe and efficient working environment that prevents cross-contamination between clean and soiled items/areas.
7.3.1 Clean and soiled utility spaces must be conveniently located in each RHA to support storage, cleaning and sanitizing nursing care/therapy equipment requirements. Clean and soiled utility spaces must be large enough to hold all the fixtures that the home uses for cleaning, sanitizing and storing nursing care equipment. These fixtures may include, but are not limited to, a hopper sink, a bedpan flusher and/or sterilizer, rinse sinks, storage racks, counters and cupboards. The clean utility space must have a secured space for storing cleaning supplies and equipment and include counter space. The soiled utility space must have enough space for storing the equipment used for collecting soiled materials (e.g., soiled linen and towels). Clean and soiled utility spaces must have a conveniently located hand washing sink for staff use. The soiled utility space must have floor drains.
Consider: 1. providing space for temporary storage of soiled linen carts in the soiled utility space(s).
Maintenance Service Support Space
The design of the home must incorporate maintenance service support space to carry out ongoing maintenance activities for equipment, furnishings and other building contents up-keep.
7.4.1 There must be dedicated maintenance service support space in the long-term care home. There must be an area within the maintenance service support space for storing maintenance equipment, machinery and tools. There must be a secured area within the maintenance service support space for storing hazardous materials and equipment. There must be a secured area, inaccessible to residents, for locating environmental controls and other building system controls.
8.1 Resident/Staff Communication and Response System
A resident/staff communication and response system must be provided in the long-term care home to give staff and residents the ability to alert others to the need for help. This system must be designed to facilitate prompt response to a resident or staff request.
8.1.1 The resident/staff communication and response system must be an electronicallydesigned system that is equipped with activation devices that are easily accessible, simple and easy to use by all residents and staff. The resident/staff communication and response system must be designed so that it remains &quot;ON&quot; at all times. The resident/staff communication and response system must be connected to the back-up generator. When a device for the resident/staff communication and response system is activated, it must be designed to clearly show where the signal is coming from, either inside the RHA or in areas outside the RHA so that staff can respond promptly. The resident/staff communication and response system must be designed so that when it is activated, the deactivation of the device can only occur at the source of the activation. If the resident/staff communication and response system uses sound to alert staff, it must be designed so that the level of sound is calibrated and equalized so not to be excessive and disruptive and is equally distributed in the areas that it covers. Resident/staff communication and response system devices are required in all locations where residents have access. These locations include, but are not limited to: · · · · all toilets and urinals (including toilets located in cubicles) auditorium balconies/terraces and courtyards bath tubs (must be accessible from both sides of the tub) 29
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual · · · · · · · · · · 8.1.8 beauty salon//barber shop dining rooms family dining area lounges and program/activity rooms place of worship public washrooms resident bedsides resident personal laundry rooms showers therapy rooms.
A resident/staff communication and response system device must be located at every toilet so that residents are able to activate the device while in a sitting position without having to reach forward or backward. Where toilets are centrally located on the wall, the call cord must be attached to the grab bar.
To provide a secure environment that ensures the safety of residents of the long-term care home.
8.2.1 8.2.2 The door access control system must be designed so that it is &quot;ON&quot; at all times. All doors in the long-term care home leading to the outside, to non-long-term care resident areas, (including services areas such as the kitchen and laundry room, community space, retirement home, etc.), into stairwells, and on to open stairways, must be equipped with magnetic locks or similar devices to prevent unauthorized entering or exiting from the home. All doors must be provided with a &quot;back-up&quot; alarm system as an alert to staff in the event that a magnetic lock does not properly engage, therefore leaving the door(s) unlocked and unsupervised. 30
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual 8.2.4 The door access control system must be designed so that when an alarm is activated, the deactivation of the alarm can only occur at the source of the alarm. If, due to fire code requirements, door closures are required on any door leading into resident areas (e.g., lounges, dining room, place of worship etc.) then the home must provide electronic &quot;hold open&quot; devices.
To provide water temperatures in areas of the long-term care home used by residents that support resident safety and comfort.
8.3.1 The water temperature control system must be designed and provided to ensure hot water is provided to resident care areas at a safe and comfortable temperature for residents.
9.1 Lighting Systems
Adequate lighting must be provided for residents, staff and visitors so that they can carry out their activities in comfort and safety. Lighting design must address age-related vision loss and diminished visual acuity (sharpness). Lighting must be designed and located in a manner that meets residents' needs as sensory orientation diminishes.
9.1.1 A lighting system must be able to provide a minimum of 322.92 lx of continuous lighting levels in all corridors. A lighting system must be able to provide continuous lighting levels of at least 322.92 lx in enclosed stairways. A lighting system must be able to provide general lighting levels of at least 322.92 lx in all other areas of the home including resident bedrooms and vestibules, washrooms, and tub and shower rooms.
Please Note - lighting levels are measured in the following ways: 1. holding a light meter 3 to 4 feet from the floor when determining lighting levels in the corridors. 2. holding a light meter 3 to 4 feet from the floor in the vicinity of the bed when determining the lighting levels for resident bedrooms. 3. holding a light meter 3 to 4 feet from the floor in the vicinity of the toilet and in the vicinity of the hand wash area when determining lighting levels for washrooms.
To ensure that air temperatures are maintained within a range that optimizes resident comfort throughout the year.
9.2.1 There must be a mechanical system to cool air temperatures in all lounges areas, all dining areas, all program/activity areas, the kitchen and the laundry space. The remaining areas of the long-term care home, including the resident bedrooms, the resident bath rooms and shower rooms and resident washrooms, must have a system for tempering the air to keep air temperatures at a level that considers residents' needs and comfort. There must be negative air pressurization of the washrooms, soiled utility space, kitchen and laundry areas to contain odours. All of these rooms must have mechanical ventilation to exhaust air from these areas.
Emergency Generating System
To ensure basic services are maintained to support resident care in the event of an electrical power outage.
9.3.1 An emergency generator power supply must be provided to support essential building systems and services. The emergency generator power supply must be able to support dietary services (kitchen and serveries) to ensure a quality food service program that responds to resident's nutritional care needs.
10.1 Storage Space
Additional storage space must be provided for frequently used personal equipment, clothing in season and personal and/or cherished items.
10.1.1 In addition to clothes closets in residents' bedrooms, there must be additional storage space located in the long-term care home.
10.2 Non-Resident Space
The design of a long-term care home must include &quot;non-resident&quot; space for use by all staff for their exclusive use.
10.2.1 There must be office space for the Administrator, Director of Care, supervisory staff, visiting health care providers, social service providers and other professional services. There must be space provided for administrative/clerical functions There must be an area, separate from resident care and common areas, for staff break periods. There must be separate male and female staff change areas with lockers for storage of personal items.
10.3 Receiving/Service Space
A long-term care home must have well-organized space to effectively handle the delivery of goods, food supplies, dry goods and equipment. The receiving/service space may be designed to also serve as a staff entrance and, where applicable, a Meals-on-Wheels pick-up point.
10.3.1 The receiving/service space must be located away from the main entrance of the longterm care home and from all other resident and public areas so as not to expose residents and the public to noise, vehicle exhaust and safety hazards. There must be a separate area for garbage storage and pick-up in the receiving/service space. The receiving/service space must be in a location with convenient access to the dietary service space. The receiving/service space must be designed so that no direct receipt of goods into food preparation area(s) occurs. There must be storage space for the temporary accumulation of received goods. Receiving/service space must provide year-round access for delivery services. The areas used for cleaning and disinfecting equipment like garbage containers, carts and racks, must have floor drains.
10.3.5 10.3.6 10.3.7
Consider: 1. locating the receiving/service space convenient to general storage areas, the laundry space and the dietary service space. 2. having an overhang for the exterior of the receiving/service space that will provide staff and goods with protection from inclement weather. 3. equipping the receiving/service space with an exterior intercom system that will allow delivery persons to alert home staff when goods have arrived. 4. providing refrigerated space for garbage storage.
10.4 Reception/Entrance Space
The entrance to the long-term care home is a welcoming introduction to the long-term care home.
10.4.1 The reception/entrance space must be close to an outside, protected vehicle pick-up and drop-off area for residents.
10.5 Way-Finding
Visual cueing is provided in the home to assist residents, staff and visitors in way-finding.
10.5.1 At a minimum, the following areas must be provided with signage and/or symbols that are easy to recognize, read and understand: · · all public washrooms each bedroom entrance that includes the bedroom number and name of the resident(s) residing in the room entrance to each RHA resident common areas such as the place of worship, beauty salon/barber shop, café, therapy spaces, etc. the lobby (both the main lobby and in elevator lobbies, where applicable), providing direction to RHAs, administration areas and to service areas work station(s) provided in the RHAs.
Consider: 1. using a minimum of 40 Arial font size with a light background and dark print for signs.
10.6 Elevators
Elevators located in multi-story long-term care homes must be designed so that they are safe and easy for residents to use. They must be located in areas that are accessible to residents, staff and the public.
10.6.1 At least one of the elevators in the long-term care home must be large enough to accommodate a stretcher and must be located close to the RHAs. Where elevator doors open into non long-term care areas, (including, but not limited to, basements, service areas, co-located areas such as a retirement home, community space, etc.) controls must be placed on the elevator to prevent long-term care resident access into these areas.
10.7 Public Washrooms
Residents and visitors must have access to washrooms convenient to common-use areas to avoid unnecessary travel back to bedrooms.
10.7.1 Public washrooms must be equipped with one wheelchair accessible toilet and one wheelchair accessible hand washing sink. Public washrooms must have a lock that is readily releasable and easy to open. Public washrooms must have an entrance width of at least 914 mm (36 in). Public Washrooms must have sufficient space to enable independent and/or assisted transfer from the front and at least one side of the toilet. In order to allow for sufficient space for a wheelchair or a walker, and for staff to assist a resident, there must be a 1.524 m (5 ft) turning circle in each public washroom (note the 1.524 m (5 ft) foot turning circle is measured from the edge of the toilet seat and to the edge of the countertop/sink). A securely fastened grab bar must be located beside the toilet within easy reach of the resident. Each grab bar must be of sufficient size and design to support the full weight of a resident and must be placed on a reinforced wall capable of sustaining the weight load.
10.7.2 10.7.3 10.7.4
Long-Term Care Home Design Manual 10.7.7 Lever-handled taps that clearly distinguish between hot and cold water must be used in all public washrooms. This type of fixture is the preferred model for residents with visual impairments and for residents with physical disabilities that affect hand movement.
10.8 Corridors
Corridors provide the way for residents and staff to move throughout the home. The length of corridors must be kept to a minimum to provide a more &quot;home-like&quot; environment and reduce travel distance within the home for residents and staff.
10.8.1 All corridors in resident areas must be a minimum width of 1820 mm (6 ft).
10.8.1(a) Corridors in resident areas may be a minimum of 1727 mm (68 in).
Handrails should be securely mounted on both sides of all corridor walls in all resident areas. They should be installed at least 860 mm (31 in) above the floor so that the handrails are at a height that residents can easily reach them.
Consider providing: 1. handrail bracket installation at least 70 mm (2.75 in) below the top of the hand rail so that when a resident grips the handrail, his or her hand can move freely along it.
To review and download copies of Ontario legislation and regulations related to long-term care homes, including the Nursing Homes Act, the Charitable Institutions Act, the Homes for the Aged and Rest Homes Act, the Long-Term Care Homes Act, 2007 and the Health Protection &amp; Promotion Act, visit the ServiceOntario e-laws website (http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca). For information on the Ontario Building Code, visit the website of the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (http://www.obc.mah.gov.on.ca/site4.aspx). For information on the Ontario Fire Code, visit the website of the Ontario Fire Marshal (http://www.ofm.gov.on.ca/english/Legislation/legreg.asp). For more information on Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care programs related to long-term care homes, http://www.health.gov.on.ca/index.html. To obtain copies of any Ontario government legislation, regulations and other publications related to long-term care homes, contact: Publications Ontario, ServiceOntario Centre College Park Building 777 Bay Street, Market Level (Corner of Bay and College Streets) Toronto, ON 416-326-5300 or 1-800-668-9938 OR Government Service Centre 110 Laurier Street West Ottawa, ON 416-326-5300 or 1-800-668-9938
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