Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US7405360?dq=6526440
Timestamp: 2017-05-27 03:03:35
Document Index: 678312389

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120', '§ 120']

Patent US7405360 - Data cable with cross-twist cabled core profile - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsCables including a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors and a jacket surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors, the jacket including a plurality of protrusions extending away from an inner circumferential surface of the jacket toward a center of the cable. The plurality...http://www.google.com/patents/US7405360?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7405360 - Data cable with cross-twist cabled core profileAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7405360 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/673,357Publication dateJul 29, 2008Filing dateFeb 9, 2007Priority dateApr 22, 1997Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2677681A1, CA2677681C, US7534964, US20070193769, US20080251276, WO2008100714A1Publication number11673357, 673357, US 7405360 B2, US 7405360B2, US-B2-7405360, US7405360 B2, US7405360B2InventorsWilliam T. Clark, Galen M. GareisOriginal AssigneeBelden Technologies, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (107), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (26), Classifications (6), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetData cable with cross-twist cabled core profile
US 7405360 B2Abstract
a binder substantially surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors;
a jacket surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors and the binder; and
a dielectric helixed spline disposed between the binder and the jacket along a length of the cable, the dielectric helixed spline providing an air gap between the jacket and the binder;
2. A cable for data transmission, the cable comprising:
a dielectric helixed spline disposed between the binder and the jacket along a length of the cable, the dielectric helixed spline being separate from both the jacket and the binder and providing an air gap between the jacket and the binder;
wherein the dielectric helixed spline comprises a dielectric finned element twisted about its own axis to form the dielectric helixed spline.
3. The cable as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dielectric helixed spline is helically wound around the binder along the length of the cable.
4. A cable for data transmission, the cable comprising:
an element disposed between the binder and the jacket along a length of the cable, the element being separate from both the jacket and the binder and providing an air gap between the jacket and the binder;
5. The cable as claimed in claim 4, wherein the element comprises a dielectric helixed spline.
6. The cable as claimed in claim 5, wherein the dielectric helixed spline comprises a fluoropolymer.
7. The cable as claimed in claim 4, wherein the element comprises a plurality of separate dielectric helixed splines positioned about a circumference of the binder.
8. The cable as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a separator disposed among the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors so as to separate at least one the plurality of twisted pairs from others of the plurality of twisted pairs.
9. The cable as claimed in claim 4, wherein the element is helically wrapped around the binder along the length of the cable.
10. The cable as claimed in claim 4, wherein the element is a conductive rod.
11. A cable for data transmission, the cable comprising:
a separator disposed among the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors so as to separate at least one the plurality of twisted pairs from others of the plurality of twisted pairs; and
a jacket surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs and the separator, the jacket comprising a dual-layer structure including a first jacket layer and a second jacket layer;
wherein the jacket comprises a plurality of inwardly-projecting protrusions that extend away from an inner circumferential surface of at least one of the first jacket layer and the second jacket layer toward the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors; and
wherein the plurality of inwardly-projecting protrusions are substantially similarly sized.
12. The cable as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of protrusions extend away from the inner circumferential surface of the first jacket layer.
13. The cable as claimed in claim 12, further comprising a conductive shield disposed between the first jacket layer and the second jacket layer.
14. The cable as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first jacket layer comprises a first material having a first effective dielectric constant and the second jacket layer comprises a second material having a second effective dielectric constant; and wherein the first effective dielectric constant is lower than the second effective dielectric constant.
15. The cable as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first jacket layer comprises a first material having a first dissipation factor and the second jacket layer comprises a second material having a second dissipation factor; and wherein the first dissipation factor is lower than the second dissipation factor.
16. The cable as claimed in claim 12, further comprising a dielectric element disposed between the first jacket layer and the second jacket layer to create an air gap between the first and second jacket layers.
17. The cable as claimed in claim 16, wherein the dielectric element comprises a helixed spline.
18. The cable as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first jacket layer is bonded to the second jacket layer.
19. The cable as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of protrusions extend away from the inner circumferential surface of the second jacket layer to create an air gap between the first and second jacket layers.
20. The cable as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first jacket layer comprises a first material and the second jacket layer comprises a second; and wherein at least one of an effective dielectric constant and a dissipation factor is lower for the first material than for the second material.
21. The cable as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first jacket layer comprises a foamed material.
22. The cable as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors and the jacket are helically twisted together with a cable twist lay that is within a range of about 2 to 6 inches.
23. The cable as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of twisted pairs includes four twisted pairs of insulated conductors.
24. The cable as claimed in claim 11, wherein the jacket has a substantially circular cross-sectional shape.
25. The cable as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of inwardly-projecting protrusions extend away from the inner circumferential surface of the inner jacket layer and are configured so as to hold the plurality of twisted pairs away from the inner circumferential surface of the jacket, thereby reducing susceptibility of the plurality of twisted pairs to alien near end crosstalk.
26. The cable as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of inwardly-projecting protrusions extend away from the inner circumferential surface of the inner jacket layer and are configured so as to keep the plurality of twisted pairs away from the inner circumferential surface of the jacket, thereby reducing attenuation of data signals traveling along at least one of the plurality of twisted pairs.
27. A bundled cable comprising:
a plurality of individual cables for data transmission, wherein at least one of the individual cables for data transmission is the cable as claimed in claim 11.
This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to pending U.S. application Ser. No. 11/584,825 entitled “Data Cable with Cross-Twist Cabled Core Profile,” filed on Oct. 23, 2006 which is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, pending U.S. application Ser. No. 11/445,448, entitled “Data Cable with Cross-Twist Cabled Core,” filed on Jun. 1, 2006 which is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/197,718 entitled “Data Cable With Cross-Twist Cabled Core Profile,” filed on Aug. 4, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,135,641 which is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. application Ser. No. 10/705,672 entitled “Data Cable With Cross-Twist Cabled Core Profile,” filed on Nov. 10, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,154,043 which is a continuation-in-part of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. application Ser. No. 10/430,365 entitled “Enhanced Data Cable With Cross-Twist Cabled Core Profile,” filed May 5, 2003, now abandoned, which is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. application Ser. No. 09/532,837 entitled “Enhanced Data Cable With Cross-Twist Cabled Core Profile,” filed on Mar. 21, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,596,944 which is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. application Ser. No. 08/841,440, filed Apr. 22, 1997 entitled “Making Enhanced Data Cable with Cross-Twist Cabled Core Profile” (as amended) now U.S. Pat. No. 6,074,503, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Aspects and embodiments of the invention are directed to cables for data transmission that have constructions that may reduce alien crosstalk and/or may improve data transmission performance of the cable as compared to conventional cables. In one embodiment, a cable may comprise a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors including a first twisted pair and a second twisted pair, each twisted pair comprising two insulated conductors twisted together in a helical manner, a binder substantially surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors, a jacket surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors and the binder, and an element disposed between the binder and the jacket along a length of the cable, the element providing an air gap between the jacket and the binder. The element may comprise, for example, one or more dielectric helixed splines (made of any of a variety of materials, including, for example, a fluoropolymer) or a conductive rod. The element(s) may be about a circumference of the binder or may be helically wrapped about the binder. In one example, the cable may further a separator disposed among the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors so as to separate at least one the plurality of twisted pairs from others of the plurality of twisted pairs.
According to one embodiment, a cable for data transmission may comprise a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors including a first twisted pair and a second twisted pair, each twisted pair comprising two insulated conductors helically twisted together, a separator disposed among the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors so as to separate at least one the plurality of twisted pairs from others of the plurality of twisted pairs, and a jacket surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs and the separator, wherein the jacket comprises a plurality of inwardly-projecting protrusions that extend away from an inner circumferential surface of the jacket toward the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors.
In one example, the jacket may comprise a dual-layer structure including a first jacket layer and a second jacket layer, and wherein the plurality of protrusions extends away from an inner circumferential surface of the first jacket layer. In another example, a conductive shield may be disposed between the first jacket layer and the second jacket layer. The first jacket layer may comprise, for example, a first material having a first effective dielectric constant and the second jacket layer comprise, for example, a second material having a second effective dielectric constant; and wherein the first effective dielectric constant is lower than the second effective dielectric constant. In addition, or alternatively, the first jacket layer may comprise a first material having a first dissipation factor and the second jacket layer may comprise a second material having a second dissipation factor; and wherein the first dissipation factor is lower than the second dissipation factor. In one embodiment, the cable may further comprise a dielectric element, for example, a helixed spline, disposed between the first jacket layer and the second jacket layer to create an air gap between the first and second jacket layers. In another example, the first jacket layer may be bonded to the second jacket layer.
Another embodiment of a cable may comprise a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors including a first twisted pair and a second twisted pair, each twisted pair comprising two insulated conductors helically twisted together, a helixed spline comprising a plurality of fins extending outwardly from a central connection point to create a plurality of channels, each channel being defined by a pair of fins, the helixed spline having a substantially dielectric body, and the fins each having a base connected to the central connection point and a tip, and a conductive layer disposed on the tips of the fins, wherein the twisted pairs of insulated conductors are disposed at least partially within the plurality of channels. In one example, the cable may further comprise a conductive shield substantially surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors and the helixed spline; wherein the conductive layer is in contact with the conductive shield at least at some points along a length of the cable.
A helixed spline according to embodiments of the invention may offer a number of advantages through the relative (i.e., compared to its solid round counterpart) reduction in the amount of material needed to make the separator. For example, the cost of the cable may be reduced because the amount of material is reduced. This may be particularly significant is the core is made from, or includes, expensive materials such as FEP. In addition, reducing the volume of material in the cable may make it easier to meet applicable fire safety standards as well as the requirements for the cable to be plenum-rated In conventional cables, if the separator is made of a flammable material, a thick jacket may be needed to achieve the required flame performance. Even if the helixed spline is also made from or includes a flammable material, because the volume of material present is reduced, a thinner jacket may be used while still achieving the same or better flame performance. This may further reduce the cost of the cable as the volume of jacket material may also be reduced. The reduction in materials may also reduce the weight of the cable, which may be advantageous in terms of shipping costs and ease of handling.
According to another embodiment, several cables such as those described above may be bundled together to provide a bundled cable. Within the bundled cable may be provided numerous embodiments of the cables described above. For example, the bundled cable may include some shielded and some unshielded cables, some four-pair cables and some having a different number of pairs. In addition, the cables making up the bundled cable may include conductive or non-conductive cores having various profiles, including the helixed spline discussed above. One example of a bundled cable 175 including a plurality of individual cables 117, each having a jacket 216 including one or more inwardly extending protrusions 220, is illustrated in FIG. 14. In one example, the multiple cables making up the bundled cable may be helically twisted together and/or wrapped in a binder 177. In one example, the bundled cable may include a rip-cord to break the binder 177 and release the individual cables from the bundle.
Referring to FIG. 15, there is illustrated another embodiment of a bundled cable 151 which may be cabled in an oscillating manner along its length rather than cabled in one single direction along the length of the cable. In other words, the direction in which the cable is twisted (cabled) along its length may be changed periodically from, for example, a clockwise twist to an anti-clockwise twist, and vice versa. This is known in the art as S/Z type cabling and may require the use of a special twisting machine known as an oscillator cabler. As discussed above, a similar machine may be used to extrude a core (e.g., a helixed spline) with an S/Z configuration. In some examples of bundled cables 151, each individual cable 117 making up the bundled cable 151 may itself be helically twisted (cabled) with a particular cable lay length, for example, about 5 inches. The cable lay of each cable may tend to either loosen (if in the opposite direction) or tighten (if in the same direction) the twist lays of each of the twisted pairs making up the cable. If the bundled cable 151 is cabled in the same direction along its whole length, this overall cable lay may further tend to loosen or tighten the twist lays of each of the twisted pairs. Such altering of the twist lays of the twisted pairs may adversely affect the performance of at least some of the twisted pairs and/or the cables 117 making up the bundled cable 151. However, helically twisting the bundled cable may be advantageous in that it may allow the bundled cable to be more easily bent, for example, in storage or when being installed around corners. By periodically reversing the twist lay of the bundled cable, any effect of the bundled twist on the individual cables may be substantially canceled out. In one example, the twist lay of the bundled cable may be approximately 20 inches in either direction. As shown in FIG. 15, the bundled cable may be twisted for a certain number of twist lays in a first direction (region 153), then not twisted for a certain length (region 155), and then twisted in the opposite direction for a number of twist lays (region 157).
According to another embodiment, a cable may be provided with a jacket having one or more outwardly extending protrusions from an outer circumferential surface of the cable. Such a construction may facilitate reduction of alien crosstalk between twisted pairs of nearby cables, as discussed further below. Referring to FIG. 16, there is illustrated an example of cables having a jacket with an exterior striated surface. FIG. 16 illustrates two cables 117 a and 117 b, each cable having jacket 182 with a plurality of outwardly extending protrusions 165 spaced about an outer circumferential surface 163 of the jacket 182. It is to be appreciated that although FIG. 16 illustrates the cables each including four twisted pairs 103 and a separator 101, the invention is not so limited and either or both cables may include more or fewer twisted pairs (or other transmission media) and the separators 101 are optional. In one example, the cables 117 a, 117 b may be helically twisted with a cable lay. In this example, the protrusions 165 may form helical ridges along the length of the cables 117, as shown in FIG. 16. The protrusions 165 may thus serve to further separate one cable 117 a from another 117 b, and may thereby act to reduce alien crosstalk between the twisted pairs of cables 117 a, 117 b. Referring to FIG. 17, there is illustrated a plurality of cables 117 having externally striated jackets as described above. In one example, the cables 117 may not be twisted with a cable lay. In this example, the protrusions 165 may be constructed such that the protrusions 165 a of the jacket of one cable 117 a may mate with the protrusions 165 b of the jacket 182 of another cable 117 b so as to interlock two corresponding cables 117 a, 117 b together, as illustrated in FIG. 17. This may be particularly useful if multiple cables are to be installed together, for example, in a building conduit, or if two or more cables are to be bundled together to provide a bundled cable. The individual cables 117 may “snap” together, possibly obviating the need for a binder to keep the bundled cable 161 together, or facilitating installation of multiple cables by holding the cables together. This embodiment may also be advantageous in that the cables 117 may be easily separated from one another when necessary.
As discussed above, a goal of cable designers may be to reduce crosstalk in the twisted pairs of a cable because crosstalk may adversely affect the quality and/or speed of data transmission through the twisted pairs. Various embodiments of cable jackets and other elements (e.g., shields or spacers) discussed herein may serve to reduce alien crosstalk. In addition, various embodiments of separators discussed herein may reduce crosstalk between pairs within a single cable. In some embodiments, particularly where the core 101 may be non-conductive, it may be advantageous to provide additional crosstalk isolation between the twisted pairs 103 by varying the twist lays of each twisted pair 103. For example, referring to FIG. 26, the cable 117 may include a first twisted pair 103 a and a second twisted pair 103 b. Each of the twisted pairs 103 a, 103 b includes two metal wires 125 a, 125 b each insulated by an insulating layer 127 a, 127 b. As shown in FIG. 26, the first twisted pair 103 a may have a twist lay length that is shorter than the twist lay length of the second twisted pair 103 b. As discussed above, varying the twist lay lengths between the twisted pairs in the cable may help to reduce crosstalk between the twisted pairs. However, the shorter a pair's twist lay length, the longer the “untwisted length” of that pair and thus the greater the signal phase delay added to an electrical signal that propagates through the twisted pair. It is to be understood that the term “untwisted length” herein denotes the electrical length of the twisted pair of conductors when the twisted pair of conductors has no twist lay (i.e., when the twisted pair of conductors is untwisted). Therefore, using different twist lays among the twisted pairs within a cable may cause a variation in the phase delay added to the signals propagating through different ones of the conductors pairs. It is to be appreciated that for this specification the term “skew” is a difference in a phase delay added to the electrical signal for each of the plurality of twisted pairs of the cable. Skew may result from the twisted pairs in a cable having differing twist lays. As discussed above, the TIA/EIA has set specifications that dictate that cables, such as category 5 or category 6 cables, must meet certain skew requirements.
As the dielectric constant of an insulation material covering the conductors of a twisted pair decreases, the velocity of propagation of a signal traveling through the twisted pair of conductors increases and the phase delay added to the signal as it travels through the twisted pair decreases. In other words, the velocity of propagation of the signal through the twisted pair of conductors is inversely proportional to the dielectric constant of the insulation material and the added phase delay is proportional to the dielectric constant of the insulation material. For example, for a so-called “faster” insulation, such as fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP), the propagation velocity of a signal through a twisted pair 103 may be approximately 0.69c (where c is the speed of light in a vacuum). For a “slower” insulation, such as polyethylene, the propagation velocity of a signal through the twisted pair 103 may be approximately 0.66c.
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