Source: http://www.google.com/patents/US5310408?ie=ISO-8859-1&dq=7,292,151
Timestamp: 2015-07-02 13:26:19
Document Index: 272090793

Matched Legal Cases: ['arts 200', 'art 200', 'art 200', 'art 200', 'art201', 'art206']

Patent US5310408 - Acetabular cup body prosthesis - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn improved acetabular cup prosthesis has a cup body with correspondingly shaped inner convex and outer concave surfaces. A polymer liner fits and attaches to the cup at the concave surface. The inner convex surface is highly polished and mirror-like, for retarding debris generation with the polymer...http://www.google.com/patents/US5310408?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5310408 - Acetabular cup body prosthesisAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5310408 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/938,421Publication dateMay 10, 1994Filing dateAug 31, 1992Priority dateFeb 14, 1991Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2061183A1, DE69212856D1, DE69212856T2, EP0499475A2, EP0499475A3, EP0499475B1, US5314487Publication number07938421, 938421, US 5310408 A, US 5310408A, US-A-5310408, US5310408 A, US5310408AInventorsJeff Schryver, Jeff Shea, Dawn M. RyanOriginal AssigneeSmith & Nephew Richards Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (37), Non-Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (67), Classifications (53), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetAcetabular cup body prosthesis
US 5310408 AAbstract
An improved acetabular cup prosthesis has a cup body with correspondingly shaped inner convex and outer concave surfaces. A polymer liner fits and attaches to the cup at the concave surface. The inner convex surface is highly polished and mirror-like, for retarding debris generation with the polymer liner and allowing optical pattern inspection. A plurality of bores can be provided, extending between an inner concave surface and an outer convex surface, wherein the bores can function as drill guides for providing alignment in the drilling of surgical openings after the acetabular cup body is placed in a patient. A plurality of pegs or spikes have proximate end portions that have connection members for forming connections with the bores, and distal end portions that can register into the drilled surgical openings.
1. An acetabular cup prosthesis, comprising:a) an acetabular cup body having an inner concave surface, an outer convex surface for engaging a patient's acetabulum, and an annular base that defines a base plane; b) a polymeric cup liner that lines the cup body at the cup body concave surface during use, the liner having convex and concave surfaces, the concave surface defining an articulating surface that is positioned to receive and articulate with a ball of a prosthesis hip stem, and the convex surface defining a non-articulating surface that is positioned on the opposite side of the liner from the concave surface; c) wherein the cup body concave surface has polished inner surface means that faces the convex side of liner for retarding inner debris generation, and including a polished surface having a roughness of less than eight (8) micro-inches. 2. The acetabular cup prosthesis of claim further comprising an array of openings over the cup body and a plurality of peg members removably connectable with the cup body at the openings.
3. The acetabular cup prosthesis of claim 2 wherein each of the openings defines a smooth walled bore.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the bore defines a drill guide.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shell has inner and outer concave and convex surfaces that are of corresponding curvature.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the openings has a generally cylindrically shaped bore portion.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the elongated bores include a generally cylindrical portion and a generally frustro-conical portion.
8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plurality of peg members are each generally cylindrically shaped in configuration.
9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plurality of peg members include a proximal section of larger diameter and a distal section of smaller diameter.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the acetabular cup body is of a metallic material at the bores.
11. An acetabular cup prosthesis, comprising:a) an acetabular cup body having an inner concave surface and an outer convex surface; b) a polymeric cup liner that registers with and affixes to the cup body at the cup body concave surface, the liner having convex and concave surfaces, the concave surface defining an articulating surface that is positioned to receive and articulate with a ball of a prosthesis hip stem, and the convex surface defining a non-articulating surface that is positioned on the opposite side of the liner from the concave surface; c) a plurality of openings that extend between the inner and outer surfaces of the cup body along lines that are not parallel, the openings forming elongated bores surrounded by a bore wall portion of the acetabular cup body; d) one or more peg members, each being insertable into and registering respectively with one of the openings, each peg member having a first proximate end portion having means thereon for forming a substantially rigid connection with the acetabular cup body at one of the openings and with the bore wall that enables load transfer between the cup body and peg members without substantial rotational or translational movement between the cup body and each peg member, and a second distal end portion adapted to extend into the underlying tissue after the cup body has been implanted in a patient; and e) wherein the cup body concave surface has polished inner surface means that faces the convex, non-articulating side of the liner for retarding liner debris generation, and including a polished mirror surface. 12. The acetabular cup prosthesis of claim 1 or 11 wherein the polished inner surface means is a mirror-like surface having a roughness of less than eight (8) micro inches.
13. The acetabular cup prosthesis of claim 1 further comprising grid means for inspecting the polished inner surface for defects.
14. The acetabular cup prosthesis of claim 11 further comprising grid means for inspecting the polished inner surface for defects.
15. The acetabular cup prosthesis of claim 13 or 14 wherein the grid means is a grid comprised of a plurality of concentric rings.
16. The acetabular prosthesis of claim 1 or 11 wherein the polymer liner is polyethylene.
17. The acetabular prosthesis of claim 13 wherein the surface mirror defines a lens to view the grid.
18. The acetabular cup prosthesis of claim 1 or 11 wherein the polished inner surface has a roughness of less than four (4) micro inches.
19. The acetabular cup prosthesis of claim 1 or 11 wherein the polished inner surface has a roughness of between one (1) and four (4) micro inches.
20. The acetabular prosthesis of claim 14 wherein the surface mirror defines a lens to view the grid.
21. The acetabular cup prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the polished surface is a polished mirror surface.
This is a continuation-in-part application of prior, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/830,243, filed Feb. 10, 1992, currently pending, which is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/656,247, filed Feb. 14, 1991 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,917 and incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to acetabular prosthetic devices and more particularly to an improved acetabular prosthesis (and method of surgically implanting), wherein the prosthesis has a cup or shell with an inner concave surface that has a mirror-like polished surface. The shiny polished inner, concave surface faces a cup liner (eg. polymeric) so that relative motion between the liner and shell will generate minimal liner debris. The polished shell concave surface has a roughness of preferably less than eight (8) micro inches. The body or shell can include radially extending bores therethrough that can be used as drill guides by a surgeon after the acetabular cup or shell has been placed in the patient's acetabulum. Holes can be drilled surgically into the underlying bone tissue using the drill guide openings so that one or more pegs for improved anchoring can be placed into the bores and affixed rigidly to the acetabular cup using an interference or wedge fit. The prosthesis (including cup or shell and rigidly affixed pegs) is thus anchored into the underlying surgical openings.
There are a number of commercially available acetabular prosthetic devices that include a cup shaped body. Some of these acetabular cups have correspondingly shaped inner and outer concave and convex surfaces. Some devices have projections extending from the outer surface of the cup-shaped body. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,939,497 describes a socket for a hip joint prosthesis which is secured to a cavity in the bone tissue by a series of radially arranged pegs which can be projected outwardly from the wall of the socket into the surrounding tissue by a central screw which also has a self-tapping thread that enters the tissue.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,828,565 there is provided a cotyliodal component for a non-cemented hip prosthesis. The component has two parts, a titanium hemispherical shell and a cup of polymer which is engaged into it. The shell has two zones, the first zone is covered with porous titanium capable of being invaded by spongy bone and also as two projecting pieces. The other zone has a smooth metal surface. Two screws pass through the projecting pieces and are used to anchor the component in the acetabulum.
The present invention provides an improved acetabular cup prosthesis wherein the prosthesis body has an inner concave surface and an outer convex surface and an annular base that defines a base claim.
A polymeric cup liner registers and affixes to the cup body at the concave surface portion.
The cup body concave surface has a polished mirror-like surface that faces the liner for retarding liner debris generation. The polished surface has a roughness of preferably less than eight (8) micro inches. This surface finish in its interior spherically shaped dome or concave portion is the contact interface between the metallic shell and the acetabular polyethylene or polymer liner. The surface finish has numerous advantages.
First, it provides a low friction and low abrasion surface for distributing the contact forces between the polyethylene liner (UHMWPE) and the shell. This reduces the abrasive generation of polyethylene debris resulting from motion between the liner and shell.
This motion may come from a variety of mechanisms which include Poisson volumetric distortion of the polyethylene resulting in localized expansion and contraction of the surface of the liner against the shell as a result of loading of the femoral head in the liner, and the micro-motion which occurs from forces from the femoral head pushing the liner within and around the confines of the shell interior.
The mirror finish allows the use of optical non-contact inspection of the interior of the shell surface for checking the geometric correctness of the shell. The use of non-contact optical inspection methods allow complete checking of whole two and three dimensional surfaces at one time. The usual method of optical three-dimensional inspection is to project a regular pattern of light onto the surface which is to be inspected. The resultant two dimensional projection of the scene may be used to give highly accurate total surface measurement. Distortions in the regular pattern indicate distortions in the part surface and indicate deviations from the desired part geometry. This method is ineffective on highly smooth surfaces since the projected light of the regular pattern bounces off the measurement target and no two dimensional mapping is possible. In this device idea the highly smooth surface (which is smooth due to the requirements of paragraph 1 above) is further polished to act as a reflective mirror. This surface mirror then is used as a lens to view a two-dimensional pattern such as a grid drawn on a white sheet of paper or a series of concentric rings. Distortions in the viewed image then are a result of distortions of the lens and hence the surface which is desired to be measured. It is thereby possible to inspect the highly smooth surface of the acetabular device due to this polishing.
The method of inspection may be both by trained human inspectors and by image analysis performed by capturing the reflected image by a video camera, digitizing the image, and using computer analysis to measure the amount of deviation of the pattern from the allowed surface geometry tolerance.
The advantages of this smooth and polished surface is therefore to provide non-contact, and therefore non-destructive (non-scratching), measurement of the interior of an acetabular device. The inspection methods require a surface which allows a reflective resolution sufficient to provide adequate reflective image quality for analysis. Our current inspection limits require a surface finish of less than eight (8) micro-inches to accomplish this quality of resolution.
The cup body preferably includes openings surgeon after the cup has been placed in the patient'acetabulum. The present invention affords improved fixation and stability of the component because pegs can be placed in the acetabular cup after it has been placed in position by the surgeon. The pegs can be easily installed from the concave side of the acetabular cup component notwithstanding the fact that the acetabular cup component has already been placed in operative position in the patient's acetabulum.
The apparatus preferably uses a plurality of pegs that feature a taper or wedge lock, barb lock, or knurl lock, to form an interference fit, or compression friction lock, and a rigid connection with the acetabular cup at the drill guide openings. The interference fit assures a rigid connection between peg and cup body so that each peg and cup body move together, rather that relative to one another. Relative motion causes possible contact between a peg and any polymer liner, creating the problem of liner debris generation. The pegs are smooth along the distal portion thereof so that movement of the peg and cup as a unit will not disrupt adjacent bone tissue.
FIG. 21 is a another fragmentary sectional view illustrating the cup portion of the second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a fragmentary sectional view of the second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the cup and cup liner connection;
FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the grid used to inspect the polished surface for distortions;
FIG. 24 is a second embodiment of a test grid pattern used to inspect the highly polished surface portion of the acetabular cup prosthesis of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of a test grid showing no surface defects; and
FIG. 26 is schematic diagram showing local defects for a polished surface that has been inspected using the grid.
The acetabular prosthesis 10 includes a cup or shell prosthesis body 14, preferably of a metallic material with a plastic liner 15 portion. The metallic cup body 14 includes an inner concave surface 16 and an outer convex surface 17. The surfaces 16, 17 are spaced apart, defining the thickness of the cup or shell 14. The cup body 14 provides a three-dimensional surface that is sintered to the outside surface 17 (such as sintered beads). The inside 17 is then machined after sintering. Another type of roughened outer surface 17 could be provided such as plasma sprayed metal, plasma sprayed hydroxyl apatite, or a mechanically textured or roughened surface. The shell or cup body 14 could have an exterior surface optimized for use with bone cement.
In the embodiments of FIGS. 6A-6C, the peg 50B provides a hemispherical distal tip 51 and a single longitudinally extending transverse slot 49 forming two peg sections 55. Enlarged annular shoulder 53 and smaller diameter recess 54 are also provided in each of the embodiments of FIGS. 5A-5C and 6A-6C.
The cup body 71 is preferably metallic having an annular base 76 that defines a plane. The cup body 71 has an inner concave surface 77 and an external convex surface 78. The cup body 71 concave surface 77 is a shiny polished surface that faces the convex surface 74 of polymeric liner 72. The polished concave surface 77 has a roughness of less than sixteen (16) micro-inches, and preferably about eight (8) micro-inches. Such a highly polished surface 77 appears mirror-like. The polished concave surface 77 inhibits polymer liner debris generation.
A closure member 100 is shown in FIG. 18-19 and includes a larger section 101 and a smaller diameter section 102. Annular shoulder 103 forms an interface between the larger 101 and smaller 102 diameter sections. Closure member 101 has an enlarged circular base 104 defining its proximate end portion during use and a smaller circular flat distal end 105
Each of the openings 84-87 has a generally cylindrical smaller diameter section 92 that can act as a drill guide for the surgeon so that drilled openings can be made into the underlying bone tissue after the acetabular cup body 71 has been placed into position. This allows one or more pegs to be placed into one or more of the selected openings 84-87. Any of the selected openings 84-87 that are not selected can be plugged using the closure member 100 This prevents the flow of the polyethylene liner into any of the openings 84-87 that are not occupied by a peg 95. The closure member 100 friction fits into the above-mentioned larger diameter portion 91 of the openings 84-87.
FIGS. 23-26 illustrate grid charts 200, 205 that can be drawn on a white sheet of paper for example and used to inspect the highly polished inner concave surface 16 of acetabular cup body 14 for defects. In FIG. 23, a grid 200 is in the form of a plurality of concentric rings 201, 202, 203, etc. A central opening 204 allows the user to visually inspect the inside surface 16 of the cup body 14 when the flat grid 200 is placed on top of the cup body 14 with the print of chart 200 facing the mirror like polished concave surface 16. In this fashion, the user simply views the lined pattern of the concentric rings 201-203 of grid chart 200 facing the off the mirror surface of the inside, concave surface 16 of the cup body 14.
In FIG. 24, a generally rectangularly shaped test grid 205 is shown. In FIG. 25, a reflective pattern for the test grid 205 is shown as pattern 206, showing no defects. In FIG. 26, another test grid pattern reflection 207 is shown that notes two local defects 208, 209.
FIG. 23 illustrates a method of inspection that may be by trained human inspectors, simply looking through the central opening 204. When such human inspection is employed, the inspector simply looks through the opening 204 when the grid chart 200, 205 is placed against the concave 16 side of acetabular cup body 14.
Another method of inspection may be by image analysis performed by capturing the reflected image with a video camera, digitizing the image and using computer analysis to measure the amount of deviation of the pattern from the allowed surface geometry tolerance. Thus, the surface 16 defines a mirror that is used as a lens to view a two dimensional pattern such as the grid patterns 200, 205 drawn for example on a white sheet of paper. Distortions in the viewed image are then a result of distortions of the lens surface 16 and hence the surface which is desired to be measured.
TABLE 1______________________________________PARTS LISTPART NUMBER   PART DESCRIPTION______________________________________ 10           acetabular cup apparatus 11           hip prosthesis member 12           femur 13           ball portion 14           cup body 15           plastic liner 16           inner concave surface 17           outer convex surface 18           openings 19           bore wall 20           bone tissue 25-29        pegs 25A-D        pegs 30           set screw 31           proximate end 32           larger diameter section 33           smalller diameter section 34           longitudinal axis 38           distal end 38A          distal end 39           thread 40           annular barb rings 41           larger diameter end 42           frustro-conical section 43           curved end 44           distal end portion 45           larger diameter end 46           transition section 47           smaller diameter section 48           curved portion 49           slot 50A          peg 51           hemispherical end 52           proximate end 53           annular shoulder 54           annular recess 55           peg sections 56           peg 57           pointed tip 58           beveled surface 59           smaller diameter section 60           annular shoulder 61           proximate end 62           slot 70           acetabular cup apparatus 71           cup body 72           cup liner 73           concave surface 74           convex surface 75           annular base 75A          raised portion 76           annular base 77           concave surface 78           convex surface 79           bone ingrowth surface 80           apex 81           opening 82           threaded portion 84           opening 85           opening 86           opening 87           opening 88           quadrant 89           shoulder 90           larger diameter cylindrical section 91           larger diameter cylindrical section 92           smaller diameter section 93           annular shoulder 94           annular edge 95           peg 96           tapered section 97           base 98           distal end of peg 99           hemispherical tip100           closure member101           larger diameter section102           smaller diameter section103           annular shoulder104           larger base105           distal end of closure member106           beveled annular wall107           curved arrow108           annular corrugated shoulder109           angled annular sidewall110           upper flat surface111           upper surface of annular base112           angle113           angle114           inner inclined annular surface115           annular surface116           annular recess117           force arrow118           force component, bending119           force component, compression120           force arrow, shear121A,B        force arrows122A,B        force arrows123           force arrows124           force arrow, shear125           force arrows, torsion200           circular grid pattern chart201           concentric ring202           concentric ring203           concentric ring204           central opening205           rectangular grid pattern chart206           reflective pattern-test grid207           reflective pattern-test grid208           defect209           defect______________________________________
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