Source: http://www.science.gov/topicpages/a/ad+valorem+taxes.html
Timestamp: 2016-10-26 15:10:17
Document Index: 607406911

Matched Legal Cases: ['§ 35', '§ 35', '§ 35', 'art 25', '§ 53', '§ 53', '§ 31', '§ 1925']

ad valorem taxes: Topics by Science.gov
Sample records for ad valorem taxes
Schools Without Property Taxes: Hope or Illusion? Fastback Series, No. 1.
Shannon, Thomas A.; Benson, Charles
Recent court decisions have declared that those public school financing systems dependent substantially on local ad valorem (property) taxes violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. The violation stems from the fact that local school district spending and educational quality are dependent on the values of real property in the…
Sáenz de Miera Juárez, Belén; Thrasher, James F; Reynales Shigematsu, Luz Myriam; Hernández Ávila, Mauricio; Chaloupka, Frank J
Background Recent tax increases in Mexico differed in structure and provide an opportunity to better understand tobacco industry pricing strategies, as well as smokers’ responses to any resulting price changes. Objectives To assess if taxes were passed onto consumers of different cigarette brands, the extent of brand switching, and predictors of preference for cheaper national brands. Methods Using data from three waves of the Mexican administration of the ITC Survey, we analyzed self-reported brand and price paid at last cigarette purchase. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine predictors of price and preference for national brands. Results The average price of premium/international brands increased each year from 2008–2011; however, the price for discount/national brands increased only from 2010 to 2011. The percentage of smokers who smoked national brands remained stable between 2008 and 2010 but dropped in 2011. Factors related to smoking national as opposed to international brands included being male and having relatively older age, lower education, lower income, and higher consumption. Conclusions Tobacco industry pricing strategies in the wake of ad valorem taxes implemented in Mexico prior to 2011 had the impact of segmenting the market into discount national brands and premium international brands. The specific tax increase implemented in 2011 reduced the price gap between these two segments, by raising the price of the national brands relative to the international brands. Evidence for trading up was found after the 2011 tax increase. These results provide further evidence for the relevance of tax policy as a tobacco control strategy; in particular, they illustrate the importance of how specific rather than ad valorem taxes can reduce the potential for downward brand switching in the face of decreasing cigarette affordability. PMID:24114563
State Taxation of Mineral Deposits and Production. Rural Development Research Report No. 2.
Alternative methods for taxing the mineral industry at the State level include four types of taxes: the ad valorem tax, severance tax, gross production tax, and net production tax. An ad valorem tax is a property tax levied on a mineral deposit's assessed value and due whether the deposit is being worked or not. The severance tax is usually an…
Shang, Ce; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Fong, Geoffrey T; Thompson, Mary; O’Connor, Richard J
Background Recent studies have shown that more opportunities exist for tax avoidance when cigarette excise tax structure departs from a uniform specific structure. However, the association between tax structure and cigarette price variability has not been thoroughly studied in the existing literature. Objective To examine how cigarette tax structure is associated with price variability. The variability of self-reported prices is measured using the ratios of differences between higher and lower prices to the median price such as the IQR-to-median ratio. Methods We used survey data taken from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Project in 17 countries to conduct the analysis. Cigarette prices were derived using individual purchase information and aggregated to price variability measures for each surveyed country and wave. The effect of tax structures on price variability was estimated using Generalised Estimating Equations after adjusting for year and country attributes. Findings Our study provides empirical evidence of a relationship between tax structure and cigarette price variability. We find that, compared to the specific uniform tax structure, mixed uniform and tiered (specific, ad valorem or mixed) structures are associated with greater price variability (p≤0.01). Moreover, while a greater share of the specific component in total excise taxes is associated with lower price variability (p≤0.05), a tiered tax structure is associated with greater price variability (p≤0.01). The results suggest that a uniform and specific tax structure is the most effective tax structure for reducing tobacco consumption and prevalence by limiting price variability and decreasing opportunities for tax avoidance. PMID:25855641
Allais, Olivier; Etilé, Fabrice; Lecocq, Sébastien
The public-health community views mandatory Front-of-Pack (FOP) nutrition labels and nutritional taxes as promising tools to control the growth of food-related chronic diseases. This paper uses household scanner data to propose an ex-ante evaluation and comparison of these two policy options for the fromage blanc and dessert yogurt market. In most markets, labelling is voluntary and firms display fat labels only on the FOP of low-fat products to target consumers who do not want to eat fat. We here separately identify consumer preferences for fat and for FOP fat labels by exploiting an exogenous difference in legal labelling requirements between these two product categories. Estimates of demand curves are combined with a supply model of oligopolistic price competition to simulate policies. We find that a feasible ad valorem fat tax dominates a mandatory FOP-label policy from an economic perspective, but both are equally effective in reducing average fat purchases. PMID:26164818
40 CFR 35.929-2 - General requirements for all user charge systems.
... of the user charges or ad valorem taxes which are attributable to waste water treatment services. (g...-Clean Water Act § 35.929-2 General requirements for all user charge systems. User charge systems based... and maintenance of the treatment works, and its approved user charge system. The grantee shall...
... Water Act § 35.935-13 Submission and approval of user charge systems. The grantee shall obtain the... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Submission and approval of user charge...) A grantee which desires approval of a user charge system based on ad valorem taxes in...
... Water Act § 35.935-13 Submission and approval of user charge systems. The grantee shall obtain the... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Submission and approval of user charge...) A grantee which desires approval of a user charge system based on ad valorem taxes in...
..., in accordance with 40 CFR part 25. (f) Notification. Each user charge system must provide that each... of the user charges or ad valorem taxes which are attributable to waste water treatment services. (g... GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment...
Funding of Oklahoma Common Schools with a Texas Tax Plan: A Cautionary Note.
This report examines the theoretical result of a change in the way Oklahoma could fund its common schools if it used a Texas tax system that relied heavily on an ad valorum tax structure or another taxation system. Using data from the 1999 school year, calculations of state aid for the more than 540 school districts were made for four scenarios:…
..., producer, or importer. 53.111 Section 53.111 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX... Considered Sale § 53.111 Tax on use by manufacturer, producer, or importer. (a) In general. Section 4218 of... 31084, July 9, 1991, § 53.111 was amended by removing the word “manufacturer” and adding the...
Miao, Zhen; Beghin, John C; Jensen, Helen H
We extend the existing literature on food taxes targeting obesity. We systematically incorporate the implicit substitution between added sugars and solid fats into a comprehensive food demand system and evaluate the effect of taxes on sugars and fats. The approach conditions how food and obesity taxes affect total calorie intake. The proposed methodology accounts for the ability of consumers to substitute leaner low-fat and low-sugar items for rich food items within the same food group. We calibrate this demand system approach using recent food intake data and existing estimates of price and income elasticities of demand. The demand system accounts for both the within-food group substitution and the substitution across these groups. Simulations of taxes on added sugars and solid fat show that the tax impact on consumption patterns is understated and the induced welfare loss is overstated when not allowing for the substitution possibilities within food groups. PMID:23192837
Meier, K J; Licari, M J
OBJECTIVES: This study examines the effectiveness of state and federal taxes in reducing the consumption of cigarettes, estimates the impact of government health warnings, and shows how warnings and taxes interact. METHODS: By means of a pooled time-series analysis from 1955 through 1994 with the 50 states as units of analysis, the impact of excise taxes on cigarette consumption for several different models and econometric techniques is assessed. RESULTS: From 1955 through 1994, increases in state taxes were effective in reducing cigarette use. Federal tax increases, however, appear to have been more effective. This difference is partly the result of the "bootlegging" of cigarettes across state lines and the size of the increases in the federal tax. Cigarette consumption also declined when health warning labels were added. CONCLUSIONS: Increases of taxes on cigarettes are associated with declines in the consumption of tobacco. Because of inflation, increased health concerns, and the declining percentage of smokers, however, large reductions in consumption require large tax increases. PMID:9240101
... concentrated fruit juice. 24.237 Section 24.237 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX... concentrated fruit juice. Juice or concentrated fruit juice to which spirits have been added may not have an alcohol content exceeding 24 percent by volume. Although not considered to be wine, juice or...
Etilé, Fabrice; Sharma, Anurag
This study compares the impact of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) tax between moderate and high consumers in Australia. The key methodological contribution is that price response heterogeneity is identified while controlling for censoring of consumption at zero and endogeneity of expenditure by using a finite mixture instrumental variable Tobit model. The SSB price elasticity estimates show a decreasing trend across increasing consumption quantiles, from -2.3 at the median to -0.2 at the 95th quantile. Although high consumers of SSBs have a less elastic demand for SSBs, their very high consumption levels imply that a tax would achieve higher reduction in consumption and higher health gains. Our results also suggest that an SSB tax would represent a small fiscal burden for consumers whatever their pre-policy level of consumption, and that an excise tax should be preferred to an ad valorem tax. PMID:25676493
... carryforward net operating losses and carryforward investment tax credits expected to reduce future taxes... carryforward net operating losses and carryforward investment tax credits previously recorded in this...
Rivard, Cheryl; Smith, Danielle; McCann, Susan E; Hyland, Andrew
Objective To assess current beverage consumption patterns and anticipated reaction to an added 20% tax on these products. Design A random-digit dialled telephone interview lasting 20min was administered to assess demographics, beverage consumption behaviours and intentions regarding consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in the event of an additional tax on these beverages. Setting Respondents were recruited throughout the USA. Subjects The study included 592 adults. Results Sixty-nine per cent of respondents reported consuming at least one prepackaged sugar-sweetened beverage in the past week; those who consumed sugar-sweetened beverages averaged seven pre-packaged beverages per week. Ninety-one per cent knew that frequent consumption of soft drinks increases risk of obesity. Thirty-six per cent supported a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages with greatest support among those aged 18–24 years, those with BMI<30kg/m2 and those with higher levels of education (P<0.05). Over one-third of respondents said that they would cut back on their sweetened beverage consumption in the event of an added 20% tax on these beverages. Conclusions Our findings suggest that an added tax on these beverages could influence some to cut down on their consumption, reducing their risk of obesity and related illnesses. PMID:22269063
... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Measure of employee tax. 31.3101-1 Section 31... TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE Federal Insurance Contributions Act (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) Tax on Employees §...
26 CFR 31.3101-3 - When employee tax attaches.
... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false When employee tax attaches. 31.3101-3 Section...) EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE Federal Insurance Contributions Act (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) Tax on...
26 CFR 31.3111-3 - When employer tax attaches.
... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false When employer tax attaches. 31.3111-3 Section...) EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE Federal Insurance Contributions Act (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) Tax on...
... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Persons liable for tax. 31.3301-1 Section 31... TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE Federal Unemployment Tax Act (Chapter 23, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.3301-1 Persons liable...
... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Measure of employer tax. 31.3111-1 Section 31... TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE Federal Insurance Contributions Act (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) Tax on Employers §...
Massachusetts Taxes: A Factual Guide to Future Action.
Without making recommendations, this pamphlet compares Massachusetts taxes with those of other States, projects major tax revenues, compares growth experience of major taxes, considers the incidence of various taxes on high and low income groups, examines recent tax legislation, shows what revenues could be expected with changed tax rates, and…
State and Local Tax Performance, 1981 (Basic Tabulations).
Quindry, Kenneth E.; Schoening, Niles C.
Fiscal year 1981 state and local tax performance data are presented, which indicate comparative utilization of taxable resources. Estimates are provided of tax ability for 15 major taxes and total taxes, and tax ability to tax collections for the 50 states and their subdivisions is compared. Tables include the following: population, personal…
7 CFR 1925.4 - Servicing delinquent taxes.
... REGULATIONS TAXES Real Estate Tax Servicing § 1925.4 Servicing delinquent taxes. (a) The County Supervisor will contact each borrower with a delinquent tax and make every practical effort to have him pay the tax with his own funds. He will use the Management System Card for follow-up of delinquent taxes....
26 CFR 31.3221-3 - Supplemental tax.
... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Supplemental tax. 31.3221-3 Section 31.3221-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE Railroad Retirement Tax Act (Chapter 22, Internal...
Flowerdew, John; Wan, Alina
This study is a genre analysis which explores the specific discourse community of tax accountants. Tax computation letters from one international accounting firm in Hong Kong were analyzed and compared. To probe deeper into the tax accounting discourse community, a group of tax accountants from the same firm was observed and questioned. The texts…
... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Minimum tax for tax preferences. 1.511-4 Section 1.511-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Taxation of Business Income of Certain Exempt Organizations §...
... nevertheless either unable to pay the tax or would suffer an undue hardship (as described in 26 CFR 1.6161-1(b... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Failure to file tax return or to pay tax. 70.96 Section 70.96 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX...
... nevertheless either unable to pay the tax or would suffer an undue hardship (as described in 26 CFR 1.6161-1(b... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Failure to file tax return or to pay tax. 70.96 Section 70.96 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX...
... nevertheless either unable to pay the tax or would suffer an undue hardship (as described in 26 CFR 1.6161-1(b... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Failure to file tax return or to pay tax. 70.96 Section 70.96 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX...
Liu, Chang-Xin; Wang, Yu-Fei; Wang, Hai-Lin; Hao, Zheng-Ping; Wang, Zheng
In this paper, environmental tax was designed to control volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was used to explore the impacts of environmental tax (in forms of indirect tax) on the macro-economy development at both national and sector levels. Different levels of tax were simulated to find out the proper tax rate. It is found out that imposing environmental tax on high emission sectors can cause the emission decreased immediately and can lead to negative impacts on macro-economy indicators, such as GDP (gross domestic products), total investment, total product and the whole consumption etc. However, only the government income increased. In addition, the higher the tax rate is, the more pollutants can be reduced and the worse economic effects can be caused. Consequently, it is suggested that, the main controlling policies of VOCs abatement should be mandatory orders, and low environmental tax can be implemented as a supplementary. PMID:22468510
The purpose of this paper is to estimate empirically the effects of a water tax on water use and on the size and stability of the tax revenues. A tax exceeding value-added tax can be motivated on efficiency grounds when there are environmental external costs of water use and when water is a scarce resource. A household demand function for water is estimated using community level data for 282 (out of 286) Swedish communities studied annually over the period 1980-1992. Static and dynamic demand functions are estimated using panel data methods. The results show a long-run price elasticity of -0.10 in marginal price models and -0.20 in average price models. The findings imply that a tax of 1 Swedish Kronor (SEK) m-3 of water used (corresponding to a 5% increase in the mean average price) would generate ˜600 million SEK in tax revenues per year when levied on all households in Sweden. The water consumption would, however, only be reduced by ˜1%.
Taxes; Business Education: 6463.02.
This course explores questions of why we have taxes and how they benefit people. Various other taxes (local, State and Federal, property, income, excise, and inheritance taxes) are dealt with. There is no specific prerequisite for this course, but it is recommended that students enroll in other consumer economics and business mathematics courses…