Source: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2002/03/07/02-5314/hazardous-waste-management-system-proposed-exclusions-for-identifying-and-listing-hazardous-waste
Timestamp: 2017-11-25 06:05:49
Document Index: 576114116

Matched Legal Cases: ['§\u2009260', '§\u2009260', 'art 261', 'art 261', '§\u2009260', 'art 258', 'art 261', 'art 261', 'art 258', 'art 261', 'art 258', 'art 258', 'art 258', 'art 258', 'art 258', 'art 258', 'art 258', 'art 258', 'art 258', 'art 258']

Federal Register :: Hazardous Waste Management System; Proposed Exclusions for Identifying and Listing Hazardous Waste
Hazardous Waste Management System; Proposed Exclusions for Identifying and Listing Hazardous Waste
We will accept public comments on these proposed decisions until April 22, 2002. We will stamp comments postmarked after the close of the comment period as ``late.'' These ``late'' comments may not be considered in formulating a final decision. Comments which are meant to relate to a single facility or a subset of the 11 facilities must identify the facility(s) to which the comment applies.
67 FR 10341
10341-10353 (13 pages)
SW-FRL-7153-3
B. Why Is EPA Proposing To Grant, on an Expedited Basis, These Delistings?
C. What Is Unique About Today's Proposals?
D. How Will These Actions Affect States?
III. The Expedited Delisting Project
A. What Is the Expedited Delisting Project?
B. Does the Project Amend EPA's Delisting Petition Regulations?
C. Who Is Eligible To Participate in the Project?
D. How Does the Project Address Wastes Not Yet Generated?
E. What Is the Standard Automotive Assembly Plant Process That Generates F019 Waste?
F. What Information Will Each Facility Submit Under the Project?
G. What Is Required by the Project's Sampling and Analysis Plan?
H. When Would EPA Finalize the Proposed Delistings?
I. What Support Is MDEQ Providing EPA in Implementing the Project?
IV. EPA's Evaluation of Waste Information and Data
A. What Information and Analyses Did EPA Consider in Developing These Proposed Delistings?
B. How Did EPA Establish Risk Levels for These Wastes?
D. How Will EPA Evaluate the Exclusion Demonstration?
B. How Frequently Must Each Facility Test the Waste?
C. What Must the Facility Do if the Process Changes?
D. What Happens if a Facility's Waste Fails To Meet the Conditions of the Exclusion?
https://www.federalregister.gov/d/02-5314 https://www.federalregister.gov/d/02-5314
The EPA (also, “the Agency” or “we” in this preamble) is proposing to exclude (or “delist”) wastewater treatment plant sludge (from conversion coating on aluminum) generated by 11 automobile assembly facilities in the State of Michigan from the lists of hazardous wastes. The facilities include three plants owned and operated by General Motors Corporation (GM)(Pontiac East-Pontiac, Hamtramck-Detroit, Flint Truck-Flint), one plant owned and operated by GM with an onsite wastewater treatment plant owned by the City of Lansing and operated by Trigen/Cinergy-USFOS of Lansing LLC (Lansing Grand River-Lansing), three plants owned and operated by Ford Motor Company (Wixom Assembly Plant-Wixom, Michigan Truck/Wayne Integrated Stamping and Assembly Plant-Wayne, Dearborn Assembly-Dearborn), one plant owned and operated by Auto Alliance International Inc. (AAI), a Ford/Mazda joint venture company (Auto Alliance International Inc.-Flat Rock), and three plants owned and operated by DaimlerChrysler Corporation (Sterling Heights Assembly Plant-Sterling Heights, Warren Truck Plant-Warren, Jefferson North Assembly Plant-Jefferson).
The Agency is proposing to use an expedited process to evaluate these wastes under a pilot project developed with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ). EPA requests comments on the pilot project. Each of these 11 facilities voluntarily requested to participate in the pilot project. Based on its evaluation of historical data, the Agency has Start Printed Page 10342tentatively decided to grant an exclusion for each of these facilities, conditioned in part upon the facility's demonstration that the waste is nonhazardous. These proposed decisions, if finalized, will conditionally exclude these wastes from the requirements of hazardous waste regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
We will accept public comments on these proposed decisions until April 22, 2002. We will stamp comments postmarked after the close of the comment period as “late.” These “late” comments may not be considered in formulating a final decision. Comments which are meant to relate to a single facility or a subset of the 11 facilities must identify the facility(s) to which the comment applies.
Any person may request a hearing on any of these proposed decisions by filing a request with Robert Springer, Director, Waste, Pesticides and Toxics Division (D-8J), EPA Region 5, 77 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, Illinois 60604. Your request for a hearing must reach EPA by March 22, 2002. The request must contain the information prescribed in 40 CFR 260.20(d).
Please send two copies of your comments to Todd Ramaly, Waste Management Branch (DW-8J), EPA Region 5, 77 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL, Illinois 60604.
The docket for these proposed rules is located at 77 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604, and is available for viewing from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays. The public may copy material from the docket at $0.15 per page. For technical information concerning this document or to make appointment to view the docket, contact Todd Ramaly at the address above or at 312-353-9317.
D. How will these actions affect the States?
The EPA is tentatively proposing to grant petitions to exclude, or delist, from the definition of hazardous waste, wastewater treatment sludge generated at 11 automotive assembly facilities in Michigan. As a pilot project, the EPA proposes to exclude these wastes using an expedited process. Prior to finalizing our decision, we will compare constituent levels in the waste to maximum allowable concentration levels established by a fate and transport model.
Automobile manufacturers are adding aluminum to automobiles, which may result in increased fuel economy. However, when aluminum is conversion coated in the automobile assembly process, the resulting wastewater treatment sludge must be managed as hazardous waste (listed as “F019”). Previously, EPA granted has petitions to delist F019 waste at automobile assembly plants. Based on available historical data and other information, EPA believes that a number of automotive assembly plants use a similar manufacturing process which generates a similar F019 waste likely to be nonhazardous. This similarity of manufacturing processes and the resultant wastes provides an opportunity for the automobile industry to be more efficient in submitting delisting petitions and EPA in evaluating them. Efficiency may be gained and time saved by using standardized approaches for gathering, submitting and evaluating data. Therefore, EPA, in conjunction with MDEQ, developed a pilot project to expedite the delisting process. EPA believes that the project will be a more efficient way of making delisting determinations for this group of facilities. At the same time, EPA believes that these delisting determinations will be consistent with current laws and regulations and will be protective of human health and the environment.
Today's proposals, while consistent with the delisting petition regulations at 40 CFR 260.20 and 260.22, are unique in several important ways. Specifically, we are taking a standardized approach for the evaluation of petitions from multiple automotive assembly plants. In addition, EPA is identifying constituents of concern based on available historical data from waste generated at automotive assembly plants. Once the petitioner submits the analytical results of demonstration samples under § 260.22, EPA will determine whether the waste meets the maximum allowable concentration levels set forth in this proposal. Generally, EPA identifies constituents of concern for a particular facility from an analysis of its waste rather than relying on industry-wide historical data. By participating in the project, facilities agree that, if their waste is excluded, it must be disposed in a Subtitle D landfill with a liner and a leachate collection system. Typically, EPA only requires that excluded waste be disposed in a Subtitle D landfill, which may include older facilities that are unlined and without a leachate collection system. Finally, while we usually propose delistings one at a time, today we are proposing to simultaneously grant delistings for multiple facilities.
In addition to the proposed delistings, EPA is requesting comment on the pilot Start Printed Page 10343project to expedite these delistings, which is described in section III, below.
For this reason, §§ 260.20 and 260.22 provide an exclusion procedure, called delisting, which allows a person to demonstrate that EPA should not regulate a specific waste from a particular generating facility as a hazardous waste.
A delisting petition is a request from a facility to EPA or an authorized state to exclude wastes from the list of hazardous wastes. The petitioner must show that the waste generated at a particular facility does not meet any of the criteria for listed wastes. The criteria for which EPA lists a waste are in 40 CFR 261.11 and in the background documents for the listed wastes.
In addition, a petitioner must demonstrate that the waste does not exhibit any of the hazardous waste characteristics and must present sufficient information for us to decide whether factors other than those for which the waste was listed warrant retaining it as a hazardous waste. (40 CFR 260.22, 42 U.S.C. 6921(f) and the background documents for a listed waste.)
Once a waste has been delisted, a generator remains obligated under RCRA to confirm that its waste remains nonhazardous.
EPA must also consider mixtures containing listed hazardous wastes and wastes derived from treatment of listed hazardous waste as hazardous wastes. See 40 CFR 261.3(a)(2)(iv) and (c)(2)(i), called the “mixture” and “derived-from” rules, respectively. These wastes are also eligible for exclusion but remain hazardous wastes until excluded.
Because EPA is proposing today's exclusions under the federal RCRA delisting program, only states subject to federal RCRA delisting provisions would be affected. These exclusions may not be effective in states having a dual system that includes federal RCRA requirements and their own requirements, or in states which have received our authorization to make their own delisting decisions.
EPA allows states to impose their own non-RCRA regulatory requirements that are more stringent than EPA's, under section 3009 of RCRA. These more stringent requirements may include a provision that prohibits a federally issued exclusion from taking effect in the state. Because a dual system (that is, both federal (RCRA) and state (non-RCRA) programs) may regulate a petitioner's waste, we urge the petitioners to contact the state regulatory authority to establish the status of its waste under the state law.
EPA has also authorized some states to administer a delisting program in place of the federal program, that is, to make state delisting decisions. Therefore, this exclusion does not apply in those authorized states. If a facility transports the petitioned waste to or manages the waste in any state with delisting authorization, it must obtain a delisting from that state before the facility can manage the waste as nonhazardous in that state.
On December 21, 2001, EPA signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the MDEQ to implement the pilot project titled: “Expedited Delisting of Aluminum Phosphating Sludge for Automobile Assembly Operations” (hereinafter the “Expedited Delisting Project” or “project”). In February 2002, the Agencies amended the Memorandum of Understanding to modify the eligibility requirements. A copy of the Amended Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is available in the docket for these proposed rules. The Agencies agreed to implement the terms of the MOU as a five-year project. The purpose of the project is to more efficiently process delisting petitions from automobile assembly plants that generate F109 waste without using the hazardous constituents for which F019 was originally listed. The similarity of waste at these automotive assembly plants gives EPA and industry an opportunity to be more efficient.
EPA and MDEQ developed the project under the “Joint EPA/State Agreement to Pursue Regulatory Innovation” which encourages states to propose innovative approaches to environmental regulation to “find new, better, and more efficient and effective ways to improve environmental protection.” See, 63 FR 24785, May 5, 1998. Consistent with the joint agreement, the project was developed with the input of “stakeholders,” i.e., representatives of the automobile industry (Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation) and an environmental organization (The Ecology Center). In December 2001, MDEQ notified the stakeholders that the agencies had signed the MOU.
As described in section I.C, above, the Expedited Delisting Project takes a new approach in the way EPA implements its delisting regulations for a group of similar facilities. Because of the availability of historical data and the similarities among these facilities, EPA and MDEQ developed, under the Expedited Delisting Project, a uniform approach for the submission and evaluation of petitions made by automotive assembly plants to delist F019 waste. First, EPA usually requires the petitioner to submit a manufacturing process description specific to its facility. However, under the Expedited Delisting Project, each facility must certify that it uses the standard automotive assembly manufacturing process that generates F019 waste. Second, EPA requires a petitioner to Start Printed Page 10344submit analytical results of demonstration samples. Generally, petitioners work separately with EPA to develop a sampling and analysis plan to comply with this section. Under the project, each petitioner will use the same pre-approved sampling and analysis plan. Third, EPA identifies constituents of concern and sets maximum allowable concentrations for those constituents in the waste separately for each facility. Under the project, EPA is establishing a set constituents of concern and corresponding maximum allowable concentrations that are the same for a group of automotive assembly facilities.
Another significant innovation is that the facilities participating in the project will dispose of excluded waste in a lined landfill with a leachate collection system. Generally, under previous exclusions, wastes may be sent to any Subtitle D landfill, including older facilities that may not be lined or have a leachate collection system.
Finally, today EPA is simultaneously proposing multiple delistings. Typically, EPA proposes delistings one at a time.
EPA requests comments on the Expedited Delisting Project described in this section.
The Expedited Delisting Project is not an amendment to the delisting petition regulations at 40 CFR 260.20 and 260.22. Rather, the project represents a new approach in EPA's implementation of these delisting petition regulations. Participation in the project is voluntary. Automobile assembly plants not participating may follow the usual process for delisting.
Today's description of the Expedited Delisting Project (apart from the proposed delistings themselves) provides guidance to EPA, facilities participating in the project, and the general public on how EPA intends to exercise its discretion in implementing the statutory and regulatory provisions that concern the delisting of F019 waste generated by automotive assembly plants in Michigan. The statutory provisions and EPA regulations described in this project contain legally binding requirements. This project does not substitute for those provisions or regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. However, the proposed delistings, if finalized, will be rules imposing legally binding requirements. EPA retains the discretion to adopt approaches on a case-by-case basis that differ from the project where appropriate. Any decisions regarding a particular facility's waste will be made based on the statute and regulations. EPA will consider whether or not the project is appropriate in a particular situation. The project will be subject to periodic evaluation and may be revised without public notice.
The MOU states the eligibility requirements for the project, which are summarized in this section. Subject to approval, Michigan automobile or light duty truck assembly facilities, which use, or intend to use, the zinc phosphating process on aluminum described in the MOU, are eligible to participate in the Expedited Delisting Project. Consistent with the MOU, the facility must submit to the EPA and the MDEQ a letter requesting to participate in the Expedited Delisting Project to delist its F019 wastewater treatment sludge.
In January 2002, a total of 14 facilities requested to participate in the project. In February of 2002, MDEQ, with EPA approval, notified 11 plants [1] that they are eligible to participate in the Expedited Delisting Project. Of the 11 participating facilities, the following are currently using aluminum and are generating F019 waste: Ford Motor Company—Michigan Truck Plant and Wayne Integrated Stamping and Assembly Plant, 38303 Michigan Avenue/37625 Michigan Avenue, Wayne, MI 48184, RCRA ID No. MID 000809228/MID 0005379706; Ford Motor Company—Wixom Assembly Plant, 28801 Wixom Road, Wixom, MI 48393, RCRA ID No. MID 005379714; General Motors—Flint Truck, G-3100 Van Slyke Road, Flint, MI 48551, RCRA ID No. MID005356951; General Motors—Hamtramck, 2500 E. General Motors Blvd., Detroit, MI 48211, RCRA ID No. MID980795488; General Motors—Pontiac East, 2100 S. Opdyke Road, Pontiac, MI 48341, RCRA ID No. MID0053546902; Trigen/Cinergy-USFOS of Lansing LLC at General Motors Corporation—Lansing Grand River, 920 Townsend Ave., Lansing, MI 48921, RCRA ID No. MIK211915624. The following participating facilities are not yet using aluminum and do not generate F019 at this time: Ford Motor Company—Dearborn Assembly Plant, 3001 Miller Road, Dearborn, MI 48121, RCRA ID No. MID 000809764; Auto Alliance International Inc. (Ford/Mazda Joint Venture Company), 1 International Drive, Flat Rock, MI 84134-9498, RCRA ID No. MID 981953912; DaimlerChrysler—Jefferson North Assembly Plant, 2101 Conner Avenue, Detroit, MI 84215, RCRA ID No. MID985569987; DaimlerChrysler—Warren Truck Assembly Plant, 21500 Mound Round, Warren, MI 48091, RCRA ID No. MID005358007; DaimlerChrysler—Sterling Heights Assembly Plant, 38111 Van Dyke, Sterling Heights, MI 48312, RCRA ID No. MID980896690.
The project will include some facilities which do not yet perform the conversion coating on aluminum resulting in F019. We grant up-front delistings for wastes that have not yet been generated, but will be generated in the future, based on available data (e.g. pilot scale system data). Consistent with previous up-front delistings, the up-front delistings proposed today will be contingent upon verification testing of the waste water treatment sludge once the facility begins conversion coating on aluminum (see section V.A., Conditions for Exclusion).
F019 is a wastewater treatment sludge generated from rinses and overflows from the conversion coating of aluminum. Wastewaters from other automobile assembly operations, including electrocoating and spray booth operations, are commingled with the conversion coating wastewater prior to treatment. The conversion coating, electrocoating and spray booth operations which may contribute constituents of concern in the sludge are summarized in this section.
Prior to the zinc phosphating process, fully assembled metal car bodies, parts, and spaceframe assemblies are cleaned with various alkaline cleaners, surfactants, and/or organic detergents. Following cleaning, rinse conditioners are employed to create nucleation sites prior to conversion coating. In the conversion coating step, parts are sprayed with or immersed in a zinc phosphate solution to create a uniform surface for painting. A sealer may be applied after conversion coating and a buffer is sometimes added during this step. Rinses and overflows from the conversion coating process are likely to contain trivalent chromium, nickel, and zinc. The zinc phosphating process used at these facilities today does not use hexavalent chromium or cyanide, for which F019 was originally listed. Start Printed Page 10345
Following the phosphating process, the metal parts are immersed in a bath where an electrocoating of paint is applied. Any undeposited paint is rinsed and recovered in subsequent stages prior to oven baking.
After conversion coating and electrocoating, various paints and top coats are applied to the automobile bodies/parts in spray booths. Some facilities use a water curtain to control emissions which is discharged to the wastewater treatment plant.
Overflows and rinse water from the electrocoating process and wastewater from the paint booths can contain hazardous constituents such as metals, organic solvents or formaldehyde.
Typical wastewater treatment plant operations begin with separation of large particles. The wastewater is then sent to various thickeners and clarifiers where water and solids are further separated. The pH of the wastewater might be adjusted and flocculents and coagulants may be added to facilitate the thickening process. The sludge from the thickeners and clarifiers is dewatered in a filter press.
Each facility participating in the project must submit a brief written application, consistent with the MOU, demonstrating that its waste qualifies for exclusion or delisting (the “exclusion demonstration”).[2] The exclusion demonstration must show the following on the basis of sampling data consistent with the approved sampling and analysis plan: (1) That the wastewater treatment sludge meets the criteria set forth in the Table of Maximum Allowable Concentrations; (2) that the wastewater treatment sludge is not characteristically hazardous waste under 40 CFR part 261, subpart C; and (3) that the wastewater treatment sludge does not contain other hazardous waste listed under part 261, subpart D.
Each exclusion demonstration shall also include the following: (1) All sampling data required by and consistent with the approved sampling and analysis plan; (2) a description of the waste, including, but not limited to, (i) any factors which may cause the waste to be a hazardous waste, and (ii) the maximum annual quantities of waste covered by the demonstration; (3) a statement that the facility is an automobile assembly facility using the standard manufacturing processes as stated in the MOU; [3] (4) an assertion that the F019 waste does not meet the criteria for which this type of waste was listed as a hazardous waste; (5) the certification as required by § 260.22(i)(12).
The sampling and analysis plan describes the sampling objectives, sampling strategy, collection procedures, and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures in detail. The plan also discusses the procedures that all facilities participating in the project will use for sample labeling and documentation, equipment preparation and cleaning, and sample shipment. Each facility will collect composite samples from each of six roll-off boxes of wastewater treatment sludge over at least six weeks at each facility.
When aluminum is first conversion coated at a facility which does not currently use aluminum, the facility will collect initial verification samples from each of four roll-off boxes and will analyze them for the constituents of concern. When production using conversion coating on aluminum first reaches 50 units a day, additional samples from each of four roll-off boxes will be collected and analyzed for the constituents of concern.
Each facility will also conduct quarterly verification sampling.
All data collected must include the appropriate QA/QC information and be subject to data validation as described in the approved sampling and analysis plan. Each facility will submit the analytical methods and detection levels to be used prior to sampling.
The sampling and analysis plan is an appendix to the MOU for the Expedited Delisting Project and is available in the docket.
HSWA specifically requires EPA to provide notice and an opportunity for comment before granting or denying a final exclusion. Thus, EPA will not make a final decision or grant an exclusion until it has considered and addressed all timely public comments on today's proposal, including any comments made at public hearings. For those facilities named in today's proposal which submit their exclusion demonstrations in a timely manner, EPA Region 5 will decide whether or not to exclude their waste within 128 days after the close of the public comment period. The exclusions will become effective on the publication date of the final rule in the Federal Register.
Since these rules would reduce the existing requirements, the regulated community does not need a six-month period to come into compliance in accordance with section 3010 of RCRA as amended by HSWA.
MDEQ will be providing important assistance to EPA during the life of the project. MDEQ will provide technical support in reviewing exclusion demonstrations and all verification sampling data and will participate in periodic evaluations of the project.
The EPA reviewed existing data submitted in support of five petitions to delist automotive assembly plant F019 sludge. Three were granted by EPA: GM in Lake Orion, Michigan (62 FR 55344, October 24, 1997); GM in Lansing, Michigan (65 FR 31096, May 16, 2000); and BMW Manufacturing Corporation in Greer, South Carolina (66 FR 21877, May 2, 2001). Petitions to exclude F019 at GM plants located in Lordstown, Ohio and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma have not been acted upon by EPA. The F019 waste from these facilities was sampled in accordance with approved sampling and analysis plans and analyzed for a comprehensive list of constituents. These analyses included total and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) analysis for volatile and semivolatile organic compounds and metals. These wastes were also analyzed for cyanide, sulfide, fluoride, formaldehyde, pH, and other parameters.
EPA also considered an industry database submitted jointly by the Aluminum Association and the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. This database contained waste data generated Start Printed Page 10346over ten years and included a range of analyses of F019 and non-F019 wastewater treatment plant sludge generated at some automotive assembly plants. The analytes and number of samples collected varied by plant and the database did not include QA/QC information.
EPA used the available historical data in conjunction with a fate and transport model to define a list of approximately 70 constituents of concern for the exclusion demonstration analysis. Specifically, EPA compared the maximum observed concentration of any hazardous constituent detected at least once in any of the historical data to the most conservative delisting levels developed for the project. EPA identified a constituent for analysis if the observed value was within three orders of magnitude of this delisting level. The list of 70 constituents of concern also included the non-pesticide constituents in 40 CFR 261.24 and constituents associated with painting operations.
In developing this proposal, we considered the original listing criteria and the additional factors required by the HSWA. See section 222 of HSWA, 42 U.S.C. 6921(f), and 40 CFR 260.22 (d)(2)-(4). We evaluated the petitioned waste against the listing criteria and factors cited in 40 CFR 261.11(a)(2) and (3). These factors include: (1) Whether the waste is considered acutely toxic; (2) the toxicity of the constituents; (3) the concentration of the constituents in the waste; (4) the tendency of the hazardous constituents to migrate and to bioaccumulate; (5) its persistence in the environment once released from the waste; (6) plausible and specific types of management of the petitioned waste; (7) the quantity of waste produced; and (8) waste variability.
Consistent with previous proposed delistings, EPA identified plausible exposure routes (ground water, surface water, air) for hazardous constituents present in the petitioned waste based on improper management of a Subtitle D landfill. To evaluate the waste, we used the Delisting Risk Assessment Software program (DRAS), a Windows based software tool, to estimate the potential release of hazardous constituents from the waste and to predict the risk associated with those releases. For a detailed description of the DRAS program and revisions see 65 FR 58015, September 27, 2000; 65 FR 59000, November 7, 2000; and 65 FR 75879, December 5, 2000.
Today's proposal contains one proposed revision to the DRAS program. Previously, the Henry's Law Constant used to estimate the volatilization rate of formaldehyde in groundwater for the shower-inhalation scenario was estimated using a relationship based on molecular weight, solubility, and pure vapor pressure taken from the Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods, W.J. Lyman, W.F. Reehl, and D.H. Rosenblatt, 1982, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York. In 1988, Eric A. Betterton and Michael R. Hoffman published Henry's Law Constants of Some Environmentally Important Aldehydes in Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 22, Number 12, in which observed Henry's Law constants for low concentrations of aldehydes in water were lower than those expected using the earlier relationship. These empirical results reflect the increased affinity for water by formaldehyde. We believe these empirical results more accurately reflect the conditions modeled in the DRAS groundwater inhalation scenario and we are using the revised Henry's Law constant for this proposal. A technical support document for the DRAS program, as well as documentation of the formaldehyde references, are available in the docket.
The following table gives the maximum allowable concentration levels for the 70 constituents of concern based on a target cancer risk of 1 × 10−6 and a target hazard quotient of one. The levels are expressed both as total constituent concentrations and TCLP concentrations. Since the allowable levels are dependent on the annual volume generated, the table includes allowable levels at three different volumes which span the typical range of waste generated. The table also includes the maximum allowable groundwater concentration expected at the disposal site.
Table of Maximum Allowable Concentrations Expedited Delisting Project
Maximum allowable concentrations in the waste
3000 cubic yards
acetone 67-64-1 NA 375 NA 228 NA 171 3,750
acetonitrile 75-05-8 NA 64.2 NA 39.2 NA 29.3 643
acrylonitrile 107-13-1 6,370 0.0128 4,120 0.0078 3,200 0.00584 0.135
allyl chloride 107-05-1 2,540 0.563 1,640 0.344 1,270 0.257 10.7
benzene 71-43-2 NA 0.238 NA 0.145 NA 0.109 2.50
carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 NA 0.0738 NA 0.045 NA 0.0337 0.562
chlorobenzene 108-90-7 NA 9.98 NA 6.08 NA 4.56 100
chloroform 67-66-3 NA 0.128 6,530 0.0779 5,080 0.0583 1.35
1,1 dichloroethane 75-34-3 NA 19.7 NA 12 NA 9 3,750
1,2 dichloroethane 107-06-2 NA 0.00422 NA 0.00257 9,800 0.00193 0.800
1,1-dichloroethylene 75-35-4 1,340 0.015 867 0.00702 674 0.00526 0.122
cis-1,2 dichloroethylene 156-59-2 NA 6.98 NA 4.26 NA 3.19 70.0
trans-1,2 dichloroethylene 156-60-5 NA 9.98 NA 6.08 NA 4.56 100
ethylbenzene 100-41-4 NA 69.8 NA 42.6 NA 31.9 700
formaldehyde 50-00-0 1,070 138 689 84.2 535 63 1,380
methyl chloride (chloromethane) 74-87-3 5,760 0.295 3,720 0.180 2,890 0.135 5.63
methyl ethyl ketone 78-93-3 NA 200 NA 200 NA 200 22,600
methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1 NA 300 NA 183 NA 137 3,000
methyl methacrylate 80-62-6 NA NA NA NA NA 7,690 52,700
methylene chloride 75-09-2 NA 0.473 NA 0.288 NA 0.216 5
n-butyl alcohol 71-36-3 NA 375 NA 228 NA 171 3,750
styrene 100-42-5 NA 9.98 NA 6.08 NA 4.56 100
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane 630-20-6 NA 0.399 NA 0.243 NA 0.182 2.81
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 274 0.720 152 0.439 108 0.329 0.366
tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 NA 0.14 NA 0.0855 NA 0.064 1.40
toluene 108-88-3 NA 99.8 NA 60.8 NA 45.6 1,000
1,1,1-trichloroethane 71-55-6 NA 20 NA 12.2 NA 9.11 200
1,1,2-trichloroethane 79-00-5 NA 0.128 NA 0.078 NA 0.0584 1.28
trichloroethylene 79-01-6 NA 0.5 NA 0.304 NA 0.228 5.00
vinyl acetate 108-05-4 NA 1,440 NA 879 NA 658 15,200
vinyl chloride 75-01-4 178 0.00384 115 0.00234 89.4 0.00175 0.0384
xylene 95-47-6 108-38-3 106-42-3 NA 998 NA 608 NA 456 10,000
acrylamide 79-06-1 2,940 0.00196 2,710 0.0012 2,580 0.0009 0.0163
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 117-81-7 NA 0.147 NA 0.0896 NA 0.0671 1.47
butyl benzyl phthalate 85-68-7 NA 152 NA 92.9 NA 69.6 1,450
o-cresol 95-48-7 NA 187 NA 114 NA 85.5 1,875
m-cresol 108-39-4 NA 187 NA 114 NA 85.5 1,875
p-cresol 106-44-5 NA 18.7 NA 11.4 NA 8.55 188
1,4-dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 NA 0.227 NA 0.139 NA 0.104 2.40
2,4-dimethylphenol 105-67-9 NA 74.9 NA 45.7 NA 34.2 750
2,4-dinitrotoluene 121-14-2 NA 0.0107 NA 0.00654 NA 0.0049 0.107
di-n-octyl phthalate 117-84-0 NA 0.184 NA 0.112 NA 0.0839 1.30
hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 2.84 0.000159 1.58 9.67×10−5 1.12 7.24×10−5 0.00168
hexachlorobutadiene 87-68-3 537 0.0158 299 0.00961 212 0.0072 0.167
hexachloroethane 67-72-1 NA 0.289 NA 0.176 NA 0.132 3.06
naphthalene 91-20-3 NA 24.5 NA 15 NA 11.2 246
nitrobenzene 98-95-3 NA 1.87 NA 1.14 NA 0.855 18.8
pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 4,980 0.00672 2,770 0.004 1,960 0.00307 0.0711
pyridine 110-86-1 NA 3.75 NA 2.28 NA 1.71 37.4
2,4,5-trichlorophenol 95-95-4 NA 150 NA 91.6 NA 68.6 1,500
2,4,6-trichlorophenol 88-06-2 NA 0.453 NA 0.276 NA 0.207 4.79
antimony 7440-36-0 NA 1.08 NA 0.659 NA 0.494 6.00
arsenic 7440-38-2 8,820 0.492 8,140 0.3 7,740 0.224 4.87
barium 7440-39-3 NA 100 NA 100 NA 100 2,000
beryllium 7440-41-7 NA 2.18 NA 1.33 NA 0.998 4.00
cadmium 7440-43-9 NA 0.788 NA 0.48 NA 0.36 5.00
chromium 7440-47-3 NA 5 NA 4.95 NA 3.71 100
cobalt 7440-48-4 NA 118 NA 72.1 NA 54 2,250
lead 7439-92-1 NA 5 NA 5 NA 5 15.0
mercury 7439-97-6 16 0.2 8.92 0.2 6.34 0.2 2.00
nickel 7440-02-0 NA 148 NA 90.5 NA 67.8 750
selenium 7782-49-2 NA 1.0 NA 1.0 NA 1.0 50.0
silver 7440-22-4 NA 5.0 NA 5.0 NA 5.0 187
thallium 7440-28-0 NA 0.462 NA 0.282 NA 0.211 2.00
tin 7440-31-5 NA 1,180 NA 721 NA 540 22,500
vanadium 7440-62-2 NA 111 NA 67.6 NA 50.6 263
zinc 7440-66-6 NA 1,470 NA 898 NA 673 11,300
corrosivity (pH) NA 2.0 < pH < 12.5 See 40 CFR 261.22 NA
cyanide 57-12-5 18.9 11.5 8.63 200
ignitability NA flashpoint > 140°F See 40 CFR 261.21 NA
reactivity NA See 40 CFR 261.23 NA
sulfide 18496-25-8 See 40 CFR 261.23 NA
NA: The program did not calculate a delisting level for this constituent, or the delisting level was higher than those levels expected to be found in the waste. In the event high levels are discovered, the constituent will be evaluated and a delisting level set in accordance with the methodology used to set delisting levels for the other constituents. Start Printed Page 10348
Total cyanide and sulfide analysis will also be conducted, although delisting levels for total concentrations have not been established for cyanide and sulfide. The results will be used to support a qualitative statement by the petitioner that the waste is not reactive as defined in 40 CFR 261.23.
EPA will confirm that sample collection, data analysis, and elements of QA/QC analysis are in accordance with the approved sampling and analysis plan. EPA will compare the maximum value of each constituent detected at a given facility to the maximum allowable concentration levels set forth in this proposal.
The EPA will use the DRAS program to estimate the aggregate cancer risk and hazard index for each facility's waste. The aggregate cancer risk is the cumulative total of all individual constituent cancer risks. The hazard index is a similar cumulative total of non-cancer effects. The target aggregate cancer risk is 1 × 10−5 and the target hazard index is one.
In addition, EPA will review any process information which differs from the standard process described above.
If the petitioned waste is delisted, the facility must dispose of it in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258 and certify to this annually.
The facilities granted an up-front exclusion must conduct initial verification testing. These facilities must handle the wastewater treatment sludge generated after aluminum parts are first subjected to conversion coating as hazardous until 15 calendar days after EPA receives the initial verification data. If EPA notifies the facility during the 15-day period that the data is unacceptable, the facility must continue the handle the waste as hazardous.
After the exclusion becomes effective, and any necessary inital verification testing has been completed, each facility shall collect and analyze a representative sample on a quarterly basis to verify that the waste continues to meet the requirements of this proposal. The sample must be collected in accordance with the approved sampling plan. The verification samples need to be analyzed for only those constituents which were originally detected in the exclusion demonstration.
Each facility must submit the verification data on an annual basis. The annual submittal of verification data and disposal certification must be made to both Region 5 Waste Management Branch, U.S. EPA, at 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Mail Code DW-8J, Chicago, Illinois 60604 and MDEQ, Waste Management Division, Hazardous Waste Program Section, at P.O. Box 30241, Lansing, Michigan 48909. The facility must compile, summarize, and maintain on site for a minimum of five years records of operating conditions and analytical data. The facility must make these records available for inspection. All data must be accompanied by a signed copy of the certification statement in 40 CFR 260.22(i)(12).
If a facility significantly changes the manufacturing process, the treatment process, or the chemicals used, the facility may not handle the sludge generated from the new process under this exclusion until it has demonstrated to the EPA that the waste meets the criteria set in section IV.C and that no new hazardous constituents listed in appendix VIII of 40 CFR part 261 have been introduced. The facility must manage wastes generated after the process change as hazardous waste until it receives written approval for continuance of the exclusion from the Agency.
If a facility with sludge excluded under this project violates the terms and conditions established in the exclusion, the Agency may suspend the exclusion or may start procedures to withdraw the exclusion.
If the quarterly testing of the waste does not meet the delisting levels described in section IV.C above, the facility must notify the EPA and MDEQ immediately at the addresses listed in section V.B, above. The exclusion will be suspended and the waste managed as hazardous until the facility has received written approval for continuance of the exclusion from the Agency. The facility may provide any information and sampling results that support the continuation of the delisting exclusion.
The EPA has the authority under RCRA and the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. 551 (1978) et seq. (APA), to reopen a delisting decision if we receive information indicating that the conditions of this exclusion have been violated.
This rule, if promulgated, will not have an adverse economic impact on small entities since its effect would be to reduce the overall costs of EPA's hazardous waste regulations and would be limited to eleven facilities. Accordingly, the Agency certifies that this proposed regulation, if promulgated, will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This regulation, therefore, does not require a regulatory flexibility analysis.
Information collection and recordkeeping requirements associated Start Printed Page 10349with this proposed rule have been approved by the OMB under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-511, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) and have been assigned OMB Control Number 2050-0053.
Start Printed Page 10350 Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6905, 6912(a), 6921, 6922, and 6938.
2. In Table 1 of appendix IX of part 261 it is proposed to add the following waste streams in alphabetical order by facility to read as follows:
Auto Alliance International Inc. (Ford/Mazda Joint Venture Company)—Flat Rock, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by Auto Alliance International Inc., Flat Rock, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date).
1. Delisting Levels: The total constituent concentrations and TCLP concentrations measured in any sample may not exceed the following levels: (insert constituents and delisting levels from section IV.C of the preamble)
2. Initial Verification Testing: a. When aluminum parts are first subjected to conversion coating, the facility must collect 4 additional samples and analyze them for the constituents listed in paragraph (1) using the methodologies specified in an EPA-approved sampling plan. The facility must manage as hazardous all wastewater treatment sludge generated after aluminum parts are first subjected to conversion coating, until 15 calendar days after EPA receives valid data demonstrating that paragraph (1) is satisfied, unless EPA notifies the facility during the 15-day period that the data is unacceptable.
b. When production using conversion coating on aluminum first reaches 50 units a day, the facility must collect 4 additional samples and analyze them for the constituents listed in paragraph (1) using the methodologies specified in an EPA-approved sampling plan.
c. The verification data required in paragraphs (2.a) and (2.b) must be submitted as soon as the data becomes available.
3. Quarterly Verification Testing: After the facility satisfies the requirements of paragraph (2.a), it must, on a quarterly basis, collect and analyze one sample of the waste for the constituents detected in pre-aluminum sampling and the sampling required in paragraph (2) using the methodologies specified in an EPA-approved sampling plan.
4. Changes in Operating Conditions: The facility must notify the EPA in writing if the manufacturing process, the chemicals used in the manufacturing process, the treatment process, or the chemicals used in the treatment process significantly change. The facility must handle wastes generated after the process change as hazardous until it has demonstrated that the wastes continue to meet the delisting levels and that no new hazardous constituents listed in appendix VIII of part 261 have been introduced and it has received written approval from EPA.
5. Data Submittals: The facility must submit the data obtained through verification testing or as required by other conditions of this rule to both U.S. EPA Region 5, Waste Management Branch (DW-8J), 77 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604 and MDEQ, Waste Management Division, Hazardous Waste Program Section, at P.O. Box 30241, Lansing, Michigan 48909. The quarterly verification data and certification of proper disposal must be submitted annually upon the anniversary of the effective date of this exclusion. The facility must compile, summarize, and maintain on site for a minimum of five years records of operating conditions and analytical data. The facility must make these records available for inspection. All data must be accompanied by a signed copy of the certification statement in 40 CFR 260.22(i)(12).
6. Reopener Language—(a) If, anytime after disposal of the delisted waste, the facility possesses or is otherwise made aware of any data (including but not limited to leachate data or groundwater monitoring data) or any other data relevant to the delisted waste indicating that any constituent identified in paragraph (1) is at a level in the leachate higher than the delisting level established in paragraph (1), or is at a level in the groundwater higher than the point of exposure groundwater levels referenced by the model, then the facility must report such data, in writing, to the Regional Administrator within 10 days of first possessing or being made aware of that data.
(c) If the Regional Administrator determines that the reported information does require Agency action, the Regional Administrator will notify the facility in writing of the actions the Regional Administrator believes are necessary to protect human health and the environment. The notice shall include a statement of the proposed action and a statement providing the facility with an opportunity to present information as to why the proposed Agency action is not necessary or to suggest an alternative action. The facility shall have 30 days from the date of the Regional Administrator's notice to present the information.
DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Jefferson North Assembly Plant—Detroit, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by DaimlerChrysler Corporation at the Jefferson North Assembly Plant, Detroit, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date). The conditions in paragraphs (1) through (6) for Auto Alliance International Inc., Flat Rock, Michigan apply.
DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Sterling Heights Assembly Plant—Sterling Heights, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by DaimlerChrysler Corporation at the Sterling Heights Assembly Plant, Sterling Heights, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date). The conditions in paragraphs (1) through (6) for Auto Alliance International Inc., Flat Rock, Michigan apply.
DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Warren Truck Assembly Plant—Warren, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by DaimlerChrysler Corporation at the Warren Truck Assembly Plant, Warren, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date). The conditions in paragraphs (1) through (6) for Auto Alliance International Inc., Flat Rock, Michigan apply.
Ford Motor Company, Dearborn Assembly Plant—Dearborn, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by Ford Motor Company at the Dearborn Assembly Plant, Dearborn, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date). The conditions in paragraphs (1) through (6) for Auto Alliance International Inc., Flat Rock, Michigan apply.
Ford Motor Company, Michigan Truck Plant and Wayne Integrated Stamping and Assembly Plant—Wayne, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by Ford Motor Company at the Wayne Integrated Stamping and Assembly Plant from wastewaters from both the Wayne Integrated Stamping and Assembly Plant and the Michigan Truck Plant, Wayne, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date).
1. Delisting Levels: The total constituent concentrations and TCLP concentrations measured in any sample may not exceed the following levels: (insert constituents of concern and delisting levels based on the annual volume of waste).
2. Quarterly Verification Testing: The facility must show that the waste does not contain constituents listed in paragraph (1) that exceed the delisting levels specified in paragraph (1) by collecting and analyzing one waste sample on a quarterly basis. The samples must be collected and analyzed in accordance with the approved sampling plan.
3. Other Conditions: The conditions in paragraphs (4) through (6) for Auto Alliance International Inc., Flat Rock, Michigan also apply.
Ford Motor Company, Wixom Assembly Plant—Wixom, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by Ford Motor Company at the Wixom Assembly Plant, Wixom, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR Part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date).
General Motors Corporation, Flint Truck—Flint, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by General Motors Corporation at Flint Truck, Flint, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date).
General Motors Corporation, Hamtramck—Detroit, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by General Motors Corporation at Hamtramck, Detroit, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date).
General Motors Corporation, Pontiac East—Pontiac, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated by General Motors Corporation at Pontiac East, Pontiac, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date).
Trigen/Cinergy-USFOS of Lansing LLC at General Motors Corporation, Lansing Grand River—Lansing, Michigan Waste water treatment plant sludge, F019, that is generated at General Motors Corporation's Lansing Grand River (GM—Grand River) facility by Trigen/Cinergy-USFOS of Lansing LLC exclusively from wastewaters from GM—Grand River, Lansing, Michigan at a maximum annual rate of (insert annual volume) cubic yards per year. The sludge must be disposed of in a lined landfill with leachate collection, which is licensed, permitted, or otherwise authorized to accept the delisted wastewater treatment sludge in accordance with 40 CFR Part 258. The exclusion becomes effective as of (insert final publication date).
1. Three facilities withdrew their requests to participate at this time, but may request to participate in the future.
2. Trigen/Cinergy-USFOS of Lansing LLC (Trigen) must submit its exclusion demonstration jointly with GM. Trigen must also certify, in accordance with 40 CFR 260.22(i)(12), that (1) the Trigen wastewater treatment plant is located on the GM Lansing Grand River facility property and (2) the Trigen wastewater treatment plant does not receive any waste or wastewater from sources other than the GM Lansing Grand River facility.
3. To the extent that a participating facility's process differs from the process set forth in the MOU, the facility shall describe any such differences that might result in a hazardous constituent being present in the wastewater treatment sludge that is not covered by the demonstration, i.e., not included in the Table of Maximum Allowable Concentrations. Facilities that identify differences that the EPA believes will not materially impact wastewater treatment sludge quality may still be considered for delisting consistent with the time frame set forth in section III.H, below.
[FR Doc. 02-5314 Filed 3-6-02; 8:45 am]