Source: http://www.google.fr/patents/US8706570
Timestamp: 2017-12-13 11:27:18
Document Index: 648938450

Matched Legal Cases: ['Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 60', 'Application No. 96919405', 'Application No. 07112420', 'Application No. 96919405', 'Application No. 96919405']

Brevet US8706570 - Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient ... - Google Brevets
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for transmitting streams of data. The present invention also relates to generating packet watermarks and packet watermark keys. The present invention also relates to a computerized system for packaging data for transmission to a user. The system may utilize computer...http://www.google.fr/patents/US8706570?utm_source=gb-gplus-shareBrevet US8706570 - Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth
Numéro de publication US8706570 B2
Numéro de demande US 13/551,097
Date de dépôt 17 juil. 2012
Autre référence de publication US7287275, US7530102, US8104079, US8224705, US8473746, US9639717, US20030200439, US20080005571, US20080005572, US20090210711, US20120066402, US20130030938, US20130340100, US20170187729, USRE44222, USRE44307
Numéro de publication 13551097, 551097, US 8706570 B2, US 8706570B2, US-B2-8706570, US8706570 B2, US8706570B2
Cessionnaire d'origine Scott A. Moskowitz
Citations de brevets (438), Citations hors brevets (145), Référencé par (2), Classifications (20), Événements juridiques (3)
US 8706570 B2
1. A computerized system for creating a medium of exchange, the system comprising:
at least one data storage medium for storing data in non transient form, wherein data stored in said at least one data storage medium comprises computer code and a bandwidth rights certificate;
wherein said bandwidth rights certificate stores routing information comprising (1) router data, wherein said router data comprises at least authorization indicating authorization for at least one router and priority data indicating priority for at least one router and (2) certificate validity period;
wherein said computerized system is designed to use said computer code to organize data into packets;
wherein said computerized system is designed to use said computer code to combine said bandwidth rights certificate and said packets into a data transmission, for transmission across a network;
a router, wherein said router is configured to use certificate validity period of said bandwidth rights certificate to determine whether to use said router data to determine at least one of whether to route said data transmission and how to prioritize routing said data transmission.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said bandwidth rights certificate comprises a digital signature of a certificate owner.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein said bandwidth rights certificate comprises a unique identification of a certificate holder.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein said bandwidth rights certificate comprises identity of a cryptographic algorithm.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein said bandwidth rights certificate defines a field for a serial number.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein said bandwidth rights certificate defines a field for a public key of a certificate holder.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein said bandwidth rights certificate defines a field for identification of a certificate holder.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein said bandwidth rights certificate defines a field for identification of a certificate issuer.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein said bandwidth rights certificate defines a field for digital signature of a certificate issuer.
10. The system of claim 1 wherein said bandwidth rights certificate defines a field for identity of digital signature algorithm.
11. The system of claim 1 wherein said packets are watermarked, thereby defining watermarked packets, and further comprising a packet sniffer configured to check authentication of a watermark in packets, and to signal invalid packets.
12. The system of claim 1 further comprising, stored in said at least one data storage medium, data defining a plurality of accounts for a corresponding plurality of certificate holders, wherein said accounts associate certificate identifications with certificate holders.
13. The system of claim 12 further comprising a public key stored in association with each one of said plurality of accounts.
14. The computerized system of claim 1, wherein said router is configured to use said certificate validity period of said bandwidth rights certificate to determine whether to use said router data to determine at least one of whether to route said data transmission and how to prioritize routing said data transmission.
This application Ser. No. 13/551,097, filed Jul. 17, 2012, is a division of application Ser. No. 11/900,065, filed Sep. 10, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,224,705, which is a division of application Ser. No. 10/417,231, filed Apr. 17, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,287,275, which claims benefit to Provisional Application No. 60/372,788, filed Apr. 17, 2002. Application Ser. No. 11/900,065 and Provisional Application No. 60/372,788 are both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety;
and application Ser. No. 13/551,097, filed Jul. 17, 2012 is a continuation of application Ser. No. 13/273,930, filed Oct. 14, 2011 now U.S. Pat. No. 8,473,746, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 12/383,289, filed Mar. 23, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,104,079, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/900,066, filed Sep. 10, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,530,102, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/417,231, filed Apr. 17, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,287,275, which claims benefit to Provisional Application No. 60/372,788, filed Apr. 17, 2002.
This application is also related to the following pending applications: pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/046,627, filed Mar. 24, 1998, entitled “Method for Combining Transfer Function with Predetermined Key Creation”, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,162; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/644,098, filed Aug. 23, 2000, entitled “Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking”, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,035,409; and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/767,733, filed Jan. 24, 2001, entitled “Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking” The previously identified patents and/or patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference, in their entireties.
Each of the following pending applications is incorporated by reference, in its entirety: pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/594,719, filed Jun. 16, 2000, entitled “Utilizing Data Reduction in Steganographic and Cryptographic Systems”, which is a continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT/US00/06522, filed Mar. 14, 2000, which PCT application claimed priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/125,990, filed Mar. 24, 1999, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,123,718; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/731,040, filed Dec. 7, 2000, entitled “Systems, Methods And Devices For Trusted Transactions”, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,159,116; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/049,101, filed Feb. 8, 2002, entitled “A Secure Personal Content Server”, which claims priority to International Application No. PCT/US00/21189, filed Aug. 4, 2000, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/147,134, filed Aug. 4, 1999, and to U.S. Patent Application No. 60/213,489, filed Jun. 23, 2000; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/657,181, filed Sep. 7, 2000, entitled “Method And Device For Monitoring And Analyzing Signals”; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/671,739, filed Sep. 29, 2000, entitled “Method And Device For Monitoring And Analyzing Signals”; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/956,262, filed Sep. 20, 2001, entitled “Improved Security Based on Subliminal and Supraliminal Channels For Data Objects”, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,127,615; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/731,039, entitled “System and Method for Permitting Open Access to Data Objects and For Securing Data Within the Data Objects,” filed Dec. 7, 2000, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,177,429; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/545,589, filed Apr. 7, 2000, entitled “Method and System for Digital Watermarking”, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,166; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/999,766, filed Jul. 23, 1997, entitled “Steganographic Method and Device”; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/456,319, filed Dec. 8, 1999, entitled “Z-Transform Implementation of Digital Watermarks”, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,853,726; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/674,726, filed Jul. 2, 1996, entitled “Exchange Mechanisms for Digital Information Packages with Bandwidth Securitization, Multichannel Digital Watermarks, and Key Management”; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/369,344, filed Feb. 18, 2003, entitled “Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection, and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digitized Data”, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,095,874; and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/789,711, filed Feb. 22, 2001, entitled “Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digital Data”, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,107,451.
A watermark is a data object embedded inside a carrier that is used to authenticate the carrier without interfering with its normal usage. The classic historical example is a watermark in a bank note that authenticates the paper used for printing. More recently, digital watermarks have been developed to imperceptibly embed data in rich content objects to transmit all varieties of information. Digital watermarks can also be applied to functional data such as software or code by means of obfuscation of the actual functional code, license information, identity, or other uniqueness hidden in similar or nonfunctional code. Software watermarking is intended to assist in authenticating code in a manner more robust to the underlying functionality of the software than can be accomplished by simple digital signing of the code. Signing aesthetic or functional data at the inherent granularity of perception or function enables authentication of said data even after data compression or code optimization; but such watermarking can also be used to detect manipulations of the data at a subsequent time. The following applications and pending applications represent a variety of digital watermarking and steganographic ciphering applications, and are incorporated herein by reference: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/046,627, filed Mar. 24, 1998, entitled “Method for Combining Transfer Function with Predetermined Key Creation”; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/644,098, filed Aug. 23, 2000, entitled “Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking”; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/767,733, filed Jan. 24, 2001, entitled “Multiple Transform Utilization and Application for Secure Digital Watermarking”; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/545,589, filed Apr. 7, 2000, entitled “Method and System for Digital Watermarking”; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/999,766, filed Jul. 23, 1997, entitled “Steganographic Method and Device”; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/456,319, filed Dec. 8, 1999, entitled “Z-Transform Implementation of Digital Watermarks”; and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/674,726, filed Jul. 2, 1996, entitled “Exchange Mechanisms for Digital Information Packages with Bandwidth Securitization, Multichannel Digital Watermarks, and Key Management.” Other pending applications apply to a model for bandwidth optimization using digital watermarks: pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/369,344, filed Feb. 18, 2003, entitled “Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection, and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digitized Data”; and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/789,711, filed Feb. 22, 2001, entitled “Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digital Data”, which applications are incorporated herein in their entireties. Less attention, however, has been paid to the concept of perceptible but non-interfering digital watermarks.
S0 the price of the underlying asset (a predetermined value)
d1=[(In(S/X)+rfT)/(σ√T)]+[1/(2σ√T)]
d2=d1−σ√T
min0≧min1
This probability recognizes the generally unreliable nature of telecommunications and transmission mediums as well as underlying computer systems. There are basic and more advanced methods for estimating the so-called Quality of Service (“QoS”) of a given network which, as previously disclosed, estimates a raw measure of the percentage of bandwidth being offered to some number of users connected to network in question in capacity terms. To equate QoS with historical peer-to-peer, or end-to-end, handling of bandwidth, features of the present invention are directed. Rather than be burdened with the task of solving all of the “bugs” in a given piece of commercial software, or network, it would be better to account for failure in the valuation. This value could be adjusted over time, as the failure probability of a system becomes more apparent, or changes. Some actuarial measurement can be made as experience with the envisioned system is realized. Additionally, heuristic measures may be logged or stored to identify specific points of failures or inefficiencies to be addressed. Reputations or recognition for particular users or providers can assist in decisions made by other market participants. In short, “percentage chance of failure” represents the percentage chance a user cannot exercise its right or option (where the option is the right but not obligation to purchase an underlying asset) for bandwidth. It affects the expected value of the right. In this baseline approach, if the probability of failure is Pf, where 0≧Pf≧1, and the value of the right is V0, in the absence of failure, then:
Alternatively, the network may have higher demand which is consistent with more predictable peak periods of time of use by consumers, for instance between 4 μm and 7 μm on weekdays for consumer back from work or school. These rules can be used to filter and achieve better estimates of how bandwidth should be allocated. The rules may apply to: 1) particular or uniquely identifiable data objects 2) whether the data object is to be streamed 3) date or time schedules 4) geographic locations of either the provider or user 5) the hardware or software which underlies the network for which the bandwidth is being sought 6) other unique circumstances including live performances. Moreover, identification of the parties involved in a particular transmission may itself act as a contributing factor to increases in the value of the convenience premium: a form of recognition or reputation. The premium is also likely to come out as the market sets the price for a right. If there is a formula for what the price should be, then the premium is simply the difference between the result of that formula, and the actual market price. This really measures the balance between supply and demand. The more demand in excess of supply, the higher C will rise. VC is then a function of supply and demand.
Thus: V=(1−P f)(V t +V T +V C)=(1−P f)[(X(min0−min1))+V T +V C)]
The convenience premium, VC, should be independent of all other values (except V). The equation behaves as follows: With increased failure probability decreasing bandwidth rights value, independent of other variables, while increased demand relative to supply would drive up VC We might try to compute VC by accounting for known demand and supply values, and in fact, it is of vital importance to know the supply, and to allocate it so that any right issued can be exercised within its exercise period.
US2003/3005780 Titre non disponible
7 Bender, Walter R. et al., Techniques for Data Hiding, SPIE hit Soc. Opt. Eng., vol. 2420, pp. 164-173, 1995.
9 Boney, et al., Digital Watermarks for Audio Signals, Proceedings of the International Conf. on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Jun. 17-23, 1996 Hiroshima, Japan, 0-8186-7436-9196, pp. 473-480.
10 Brealy, et al., Principles of Corporate Finance, "Appendix A-Using Option Valuation Models", 1984, pp. 448-449.
11 Brealy, et al., Principles of Corporate Finance, "Appendix A—Using Option Valuation Models", 1984, pp. 448-449.
13 Cayre, et al., "Kerckhoffs-Based Embedding Security Classes for WOA Data Hiding", IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 3 No. 1, Mar. 2008, 15 pp.
19 Crawford, D.W. "Pricing Network Usage: A Market for Bandwidth of Market Communication?" presented MIT Workshop on Internet Economics, Mar. 1995 http://www.press.vmich.eduhep/works/CrawMarket.html on March.
21 Deep Content Inspection—Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep—content—inspection (last visited Apr. 4, 2013).
22 Delaigle, J.-F., et al. "Digital Watermarking," Proceedings of the SPIE, vol. 2659, Feb. 1, 1996, pp. 99-110.
23 Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Del Ft University of Technology, Del Ft the Netherlands, Cr.C. Langelaar et al.,"Copy Protection for Multimedia Data based on Labeling Techniques", Jul. 1996 9 pp.
24 Dexter, et al., "Multi-view Synchronization of Image Sequences", 2009.
25 Dexter, et. al, "Multi-view Synchronization of Human Actions and Dynamic Scenes" pp. 1-11, 2009.
26 Digital Persona White Paper pp. 8-9 published Apr. 15, 1998.
27 Digital Persona, Inc., "Digital Persona Releases U. are. U Pro Fingerprint Security Systems for Windows NT, 2000, '98, '95", (Feb. 2000 ).
28 Digital Persona, Inc., U. are U. Fingerprint Recognition System: User Guide (Version 1.0, 1998).
29 EPO Application No. 96919405.9, entitled "Steganographic Method and Device"; published as EP0872073 (A2), Oct. 21, 1998.
30 EPO Divisional Patent Application No. 07112420.0, entitled "Steganographic Method and Device" corresponding to PCT Application No. PCT/US96/10257, published as WO/1996/042151, Dec. 27, 1996.
31 European Search Report & European Search Opinion in EP07112420.
32 F. Hartung, et al., "Digital Watermarking of Raw and Compressed Video", SPIE vol. 2952, pp. 205-213.
33 Fabien A.P. Petitcolas, Ross J. Anderson and Markkus G. Kuhn, "Attacks on Copyright Marking Systems," LNCS, vol. 1525, Apr. 14-17, 1998, pp. 218-238 ISBN: 3-540-65386-4.
34 Farkex, Inc 2010 "Steganography definition of steganography in the Free Online Encyclopedia" http://encyclopedia2.Thefreedictionary.com/steganography.
40 Howe, Dennis Jul. 13, 1998 http://foldoc..org/steganography.
53 Konrad, K. et al., "Trust and Electronic Commerce—more than a technical problem," Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Oct. 19-22, 1999, pp. 360-365 Lausanne.
54 Kudrle, et al., "Fingerprinting for Solving A/V Synchronization Issues within Broadcast Environments", 2011.
55 Kutter, Martin et al., "Digital Signature of Color Images Using Amplitude Modulation", SPIE-E197, vol. 3022, pp. 518-527.
56 Lemma, et al. "Secure Watermark Embedding through Partial Encryption", International Workshop on Digital Watermarking ("IWDW" 2006). Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2006 (to appear) 13.
57 Low, S.H., "Equilibrium Allocation and Pricing of Variable Resources Among User-Suppliers", 1988. http://www.citesear.nj.nec.com/366503.html.
58 Menezes, Alfred J., Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press, p. 175, 1997.
59 Menezes, Alfred J., Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press, p. 46, 1997.
60 Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th Ed., Merriam Webster, Inc., p. 207.
61 Moskowitz, "Bandwith as Currency", IEEE Multimedia, Jan.-Mar. 2003, pp. 14-21.
64 Moskowitz, Multimedia Security Technologies for Digital Rights Management, 2006, Academic Press, "Introduction—Digital Rights Management" pp. 3-22.
65 Namgoong, H., "An Integrated Approach to Legacy Data for Multimedia Applications", Proceedings of the 23rd EUROMICRO Conference, vol., Issue 1-4, Sep. 1997, pp. 387-391.
66 OASIS (Dig Out Your Soul), Big Brother Recordings Ltd, Promotional CD image, 2008, 1 page.
67 Oomen, A.W.J. et al., A Variable Bit Rate Buried Data Channel for Compact Disc, J.AudioEng. Sc., vol. 43, No. 1/2, pp. 23-28 (1995).
68 O'Ruanaidh, et al. "Watermarking Digital Images for Copyright Protection", IEEE Proceedings, vol. 143, No. 4, Aug. 1996, pp. 250-256.
69 PCT Application No. PCT/US00/06522, filed Mar. 14, 2000, entitled, "Utilizing Data Reduction in Steganographic and Cryptographic Systems", published as WO/2000/057643; Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2000.
70 PCT Application No. PCT/US00/18411, filed Jul. 5, 2000, entitled, "Copy Protection of Digital Data Combining Steganographic and Cryptographic Techniques".
71 PCT Application No. PCT/US00/21189, filed Aug. 4, 2000, entitled, "A Secure Personal Content Server", Pub. No. WO/2001/018628 ; Publication Date: Mar. 15, 2001.
72 PCT Application No. PCT/US00/33126, filed Dec. 7, 2000, entitled "Systems, Methods and Devices for Trusted Transactions", published as WO/2001/043026; Publication Date: Jun. 14, 2001.
73 PCT Application No. PCT/US95/08159, filed Jun. 26, 1995, entitled, "Digital Information Commodities Exchange with Virtual Menuing", published as WO/1997/001892; Publication Date: Jan. 16, 1997.
74 PCT Application No. PCT/US96/10257, filed Jun. 7, 1996, entitled "Steganographic Method and Device"-corresponding to-EPO Application No. 96919405.9, entitled "Steganographic Method and Device", published as WO/1996/042151; Publication Date: Dec. 27, 1996.
75 PCT Application No. PCT/US96/10257, filed Jun. 7, 1996, entitled "Steganographic Method and Device"—corresponding to—EPO Application No. 96919405.9, entitled "Steganographic Method and Device", published as WO/1996/042151; Publication Date: Dec. 27, 1996.
76 PCT Application No. PCT/US97/00651, filed Jan. 16, 1997, entitled, "Method for Stega-Cipher Protection of Computer Code", published as WO/1997/026732; Publication Date: Jul. 24, 1997.
77 PCT Application No. PCT/US97/00652, filed Jan. 17, 1997, entitled, "Method for an Encrypted Digital Watermark", published as WO/1997/026733; Publication Date: Jul. 24, 1997.
78 PCT Application No. PCT/US97/11455, filed Jul. 2, 1997, entitled, "Optimization Methods for the Insertion, Protection and Detection of Digital Watermarks in Digitized Data", published as WO/1998/002864; Publication Date: Jan. 22, 1998.
79 PCT Application No. PCT/US99/07262, filed Apr. 2, 1999, entitled, "Multiple Transform Utilization and Applications for Secure Digital Watermarking", published as WO/1999/052271; Publication Date: Oct. 14, 1999.
80 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US00/06522.
81 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US00/18411.
82 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US00/21189.
83 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US00/33126.
84 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US95/08159.
85 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US96/10257.
86 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US97/00651.
87 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US97/00652.
88 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US97/11455.
89 PCT International Search Report in PCT/US99/07262.
90 Phil Collins(Testify) Atlantic, Pre-Release CD image, 2002, 1 page.
91 Pohlmann, Ken C., "Principles of Digital Audio", 2nd Ed., 1991, pp. 1-9, 19-25, 30-33, 41-48, 54-57, 86-107, 375-387.
92 Pohlmann, Ken C., "Principles of Digital Audio", 3rd Ed., 1995, pp. 32-37, 40-48:138, 147-149, 332, 333, 364, 499-501, 508-509, 564-571.
93 PortalPlayer, PP5002 digital media management system-on-chip, May 1, 2003, 4 pp.
94 Press, et al., "Numerical Recipes in C", Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988, pp. 398-417.
95 Puate, Joan et al., "Using Fractal Compression Scheme to Embed a Digital Signature into an Image", SPIE-96 Proceedings, vol. 2915, Mar. 1997, pp. 108-118.
96 QuinStreet Inc. 2010 What is steganography?-A word definition from the Webopedia Computer Dictionary http://www.webopedia.com/terms/steganographhy.html.
97 QuinStreet Inc. 2010 What is steganography?—A word definition from the Webopedia Computer Dictionary http://www.webopedia.com/terms/steganographhy.html.
98 Radiohead ("Hail to the Thief"), EMI Music Group-Capitol, Pre-Release CD image, 2003, 1 page.
99 Radiohead ("Hail to the Thief"), EMI Music Group—Capitol, Pre-Release CD image, 2003, 1 page.
100 Rick Merritt, PARC hosts summit on content-centric nets, EETimes, Aug. 12, 2011, http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4218741/PARC-hosts-summit-on-content-centric-nets.
101 Rivest, et al., "Pay Word and Micromint: Two Simple Micropayment Schemes," MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, May 7, 1996 pp. 1-18.
102 Rivest, et al., "PayWord and Micromint: Two Simple Micropayment Schemes," Mit Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, Apr. 27, 2001, pp. 1-18.
103 Rivest, R. "Chaffing and Winnowing: Confidentiality without Encryption", MIT Lab for Computer Science, http://people.csail.mitedu/rivest/Chaffing.txt Apr. 24, 1998, 9 pp.
104 Ross Anderson, "Stretching the Limits of Steganography," LNCS, vol. 1174, May/Jun. 1996, 10 pages, ISBN: 3-540-61996-8.
105 Sarkar, M. "An Assessment of Pricing Mechanisms for the Internet—A Regulatory Imperative", presented MIT Workshop on Internet Economics, Mar. 1995 http://www.press.vmich.edu/iep/works/SarkAsses.html on.
106 Schneider, M., et al. "A Robust Content Based Digital Signature for Image Authentication," Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing (IC. Lausanne) Sep. 16-19, 1996, pp. 227-230, IEEE ISBN.
107 Schneier, Bruce, Applied Cryptography, 1st Ed., pp. 67-68, 1994.
108 Schneier, Bruce, Applied Cryptography, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, pp. 9-10, 1996.
109 Schneier, Bruce, Applied Cryptography, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994, pp. 68, 69, 387-392, 1-57, 273-275, 321-324.
110 Schunter, M. et al., "A Status Report on the SEMPER framework for Secure Electronic Commerce", Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, Sep. 30, 1998, pp. 1501-1510 vol. 30 No. 16-18 NL North Holland.
111 Sirbu, M. et al., "Net Bill: An Internet Commerce System Optimized for Network Delivered Services", Digest of Papers of the Computer Society Computer Conference (Spring) Mar. 5, 1995 pp. 20-25 vol. CONF40.
112 Sklar, Bernard, Digital Communications, pp. 601-603 (1988).
113 Smith, et al. "Modulation and Information Hiding in Images", Springer Verlag, 1st Int'l Workshop, Cambridge, UK, May 30-Jun. 1, 1996, pp. 207-227.
114 SonicWall, Inc. 2011 "The Network Security SonicOS Platform-Deep Packet Inspection" http://www.sonicwall.com/us/en/products/Deep—Packet—Inspection.html.
115 SonicWall, Inc., 2008 "The Advantages of a Multi-core Architecture in Network Security Appliances" http://www.sonicwall.com/downloads/WP-ENG-010 Multicore.
116 STAIND (The Singles 1996-2006), Warner Music-Atlantic, Pre-Release CD image, 2006, 1 page.
117 STAIND (The Singles 1996-2006), Warner Music—Atlantic, Pre-Release CD image, 2006, 1 page.
118 Steinauer D. D., et al., "Trust and Traceability in Electronic Commerce", Standard View, Sep. 1997, pp. 118-124, vol. 5 No. 3, ACM, USA.
119 Supplementary European Search Report in EP 96919405.
120 Supplementary European Search Report in EP00919398.
121 Swanson, Mitchell D., et al. "Robust Data Hiding for Images", 7th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop, Leon, Norway. Sep. 1-4, 1996, pp. 37-40.
122 Swanson, Mitchell D.,et al., "Transparent Robust Image Watermarking", Proc. of the 1996 IEEE Int'l Conf. on Image Processing, vol. 111, 1996 , pp. 211-214.
123 Ten Kate, W. et al., "Digital Audio Carrying Extra Information", IEEE, CH 2847-2/90/0000-1097, (1990).
124 Ten Kate, W. et al., A New Surround-Stereo-Surround Coding Techniques, J. Audio Eng.Soc., vol. 40,No. 5,pp. 376-383 (1992).
125 Tirkel, A.Z., "A Two-Dimensional Digital Watermark", Scientific Technology, 686, 14 date unknown. (citation revised upon review on Nov. 16, 2010 by RAN.)
126 Tirkel,A.Z., "A Two-Dimensional Digital Watermark", DICTA '95, Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, Dec. 5-8, 1995, pp. 7.
127 Tirkel,A.Z., "Image Watermarking-A Spread Spectrum Application", ISSSTA '96, Sep. 1996, Mainz, German, pp. 6.
128 Tirkel,A.Z., "Image Watermarking—A Spread Spectrum Application", ISSSTA '96, Sep. 1996, Mainz, German, pp. 6.
129 Tomsich, et al., "Towards a secure and de-centralized digital watermarking infrastructure for the protection of Intellectual Property", in Electronic Commerce and Web Technologies, Proceedings (ECWEB)(2000).
130 U. are U. Reviewer's Guide (U are U Software, 1998).
131 U. are U. wins top honors!—Marketing Flyer (U. are U. Software, 1998).
132 U.S. Appl. No. 09/671,739, filed Sep. 29, 2000, entitled "Method and Device for Monitoring and Analyzing Signals".
133 U.S. Appl. No. 60/169,274, filed Dec. 7, 1999, entitled "Systems, Methods and Devices for Trusted Transactions".
134 U.S. Appl. No. 60/222,023, filed Jul. 31, 2007 entitled "Method and apparatus for recognizing sound and signals in high noise and distortion".
135 U.S. Appl. No. 60/234,199, filed Sep. 20, 2000, "Improved Security Based on Subliminal and Supraliminal Channels for Data Objects".
136 Van Schyandel, et al., "Towards a Robust Digital Watermark", Second Asain Image Processing Conference, Dec. 6-8, 1995, Singapore, vol. 2, pp. 504-508.
137 Van Schyndel, et al., "A digital Watermark," IEEE Int'l Computer Processing Conference, Austin,TX, Nov. 13-16, 1994, pp. 86-90.
138 VeriDisc, "The Search for a Rational Solution to Digital Rights Management (DRM)", http://64.244.235.240/news/whitepaper,/docs/veridisc.sub.--white.sub.--paper.pdf, 2001, 15 pp.
139 Voip-Pal.Com Inc's Lawful Intercept Patent Application Receives the Allowance for Issuance as a Patent, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/voip-pal-com-inc-lawful-133000133.html.
140 Wayback Machine, dated Aug. 26, 2007, http://web.archive,org/web/20070826151732/http://www.screenplaysmag.com/t-abid/96/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/495/Default.aspx/.
141 Wayback Machine, dated Jan. 17, 1999, http://web.archive.org/web/19990117020420/http://www.netzero.com/, accessed on Feb. 19, 2008.
142 Wong, Ping Wah. "A Public Key Watermark for Image Verification and Authentication," IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol. 1 Oct. 4-7, 1998, pp. 455-459.
143 Zhao, Jian et al., "Embedding Robust Labels into Images for Copyright Protection", Proceeding of the Know Right '95 Conference, pp. 242-251.
144 Zhao, Jian et al., Embedding Robust Labels into Images for Copyright Protection, (xp 000571976), pp. 242-251, 1995.
145 Zhao, Jian. "A WWW Service to Embed and Prove Digital Copyright Watermarks", Proc. of the European conf. on Multimedia Applications, Services & Techniques Louvain-La-Nevve Belgium May 1996.
Classification aux États-Unis 705/27.1, 726/13, 705/26.1
Classification internationale G06Q30/06, H04N1/32, G06Q30/00, H04L29/06, G06T1/00
Classification coopérative H04L65/4069, H04L63/1408, H04L63/0428, G06F21/64, H04N2201/3246, H04N2201/3233, H04N2201/3222, H04N2201/3205, H04N1/32128, H04L63/0823, G06Q30/0641, G06Q30/0601