Source: https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/class-ii-special-controls-guidance-document-implantable-intra-aneurysm-pressure-measurement-system
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Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Implantable Intra-Aneurysm Pressure Measurement System - Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff | FDA
Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Implantable Intra-Aneurysm Pressure Measurement System - Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff February 2006
Document Issued on: February 15, 2006
For questions regarding this document, contact Nels Anderson at 301-796-6367 or by email at Nelson.Anderson@fda.hhs.gov.
Additional copies are available from the Internet. You may also send an e-mail request to CDRH-Guidance@fda.hhs.gov to receive a copy of the guidance. Please use the document number (1589) to identify the guidance you are requesting.
Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Implantable Intra-Aneurysm Pressure Measurement System
This guidance document was developed as a special control guidance to support the classification of the implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system into class II (special controls). The device is intended for measuring intrasac pressure during and upon completion of endovascular procedures. It may be used as an adjunctive tool in the detection of intraoperative leaks following stent-graft placement (i.e., endoleaks). This guidance is issued in conjunction with a Federal Register notice announcing the classification of the intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system.
Following the effective date of the final rule classifying the device, any firm submitting a premarket notification (510(k)) for an intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system will need to address the issues covered in the special control guidance. The firm must show that its device addresses the issues of safety and effectiveness identified in this guidance, either by meeting the recommendations of this guidance or by some other means that provides equivalent assurances of safety and effectiveness.
FDA believes that special controls, when combined with the general controls, will be sufficient to provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system. Thus, a manufacturer who intends to market a device of this generic type should (1) conform to the general controls of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act), including the premarket notification requirements described in 21 CFR 807 Subpart E, (2) address the specific risks to health associated with intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system identified in this guidance and, (3) obtain a substantial equivalence determination from FDA prior to marketing the device.
This special control guidance document identifies the classification regulation and product code for the intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system (Please refer to Section 4.Scope). In addition, other sections of this special control guidance document list the risks to health identified by FDA and describe measures that, if followed by manufacturers and combined with the general controls, will generally address the risks associated with the intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system and lead to a timely 510(k) review. This document supplements other FDA documents regarding the content requirements of a premarket notification submission. You should also refer to 21 CFR 807.87 and "How to Prepare a 510(k) Submission" on FDA Device Advice.1
As described in the guidance entitled, The New 510(k) Paradigm - Alternate Approaches to Demonstrating Substantial Equivalence in Premarket Notifications; Final Guidance, a manufacturer may submit a Traditional 510(k) or has the option of submitting either an Abbreviated 510(k) or a Special 510(k). FDA believes an Abbreviated 510(k) provides the least burdensome means of demonstrating substantial equivalence for a new device, particularly once a class II special controls guidance document has been issued. Manufacturers considering certain modifications to their own cleared devices may reduce the regulatory burden by submitting a Special 510(k).
Proposed labeling should be sufficient to describe the device, its intended use, and the directions for its use. (Please refer to Section H for specific information that should be included in the labeling for devices of the type covered by this guidance document.)
We recommend that the description include a complete discussion of the performance specifications and, when appropriate, detailed, labeled drawings of the device. You should also submit an “indications for use” enclosure.2
We recommend that you include a brief description of the test method(s) you have used or intend to use to address each performance aspect identified in Sections A-G, I-L of this class II special controls guidance document. If you follow a suggested test method, you may cite the method rather than describing it. If you modify a suggested test method, you may cite the method but should provide sufficient information to explain the nature of and reason for the modification. For each test, you may either (1) briefly present the data resulting from the test in clear and concise form, such as a table, or (2) describe the acceptance criteria that you will apply to your test results.3 (See also 21 CFR 820.30, Subpart C - Design Controls for the Quality System Regulation.)
The general discussion above applies to any device subject to a special controls guidance document. The following is a specific discussion of how you should apply this special controls guidance document to a premarket notification submission for an implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system.
Implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system (sensor), 21 CFR § 870.2855, Class II (special controls), product code, NQH.
An implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system is a device used to measure the intra-sac pressure in a vascular aneurysm. The device consists of a pressure transducer that is implanted into the aneurysm and a monitor that reads the pressure from the transducer.
In the table below, FDA has identified the risks to health generally associated with the use of the device addressed in this document. The measures recommended to mitigate these identified risks are given in this guidance document, as shown in the table below. You should also conduct a risk analysis, before submitting your 510(k), to identify any other risks specific to your device and submit the results. The 510(k) should describe the risk analysis method. If you elect to use an alternative approach to address a particular risk identified in this document, or have identified risks additional to those in this document, you should provide sufficient detail to support the approach you have used to address that risk.
Recommended mitigation measures (See the corresponding subheading in section 6)
Adverse tissue reaction F. Sterility
Migration of implanted sensor
K. Animal Testing
Inaccurate sensor information
Failure of implanted sensor
Failure of electronic monitor
C. Software Validation
D. Electromagnetic Compatibility
E. Electrical Safety Testing
G. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compatibility
Ultrasound incompatibility
I. Ultrasound Compatibility
External defibrillation incompatibility
J. Defibrillator Compatibility
Failure to detect and/or diagnose an endoleak that requires intervention L. Clinical Testing
6. Recommended Mitigation Measures
We believe that the following special controls, when combined with the general controls of the Act, will provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of this type of device in a premarket notification submission.
We recommend that you submit the results of biocompatibility testing as described in the FDA-modified Use of International Standard ISO-10993, Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices Part-1: Evaluation and Testing5 for permanent duration (greater than 30 days) implanted devices that contact blood. Testing should include, but is not limited to, cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation, acute systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, implantation, chronic toxicity, and carcinogenicity.
If identical materials are used in a predicate device with the same indication, same type of tissue, and same contact duration, you may identify the predicate device in lieu of biocompatibility testing. Materials are identical if they have the identical chemical formulation and identical manufacturing processes.
We recommend that pre-clinical testing be performed to demonstrate that the sensor will accurately measure pressure over a normal physiologic range after implantation within the body. This testing should be performed to assess the probability of sensor or monitor failure and the means by which such failure can be mitigated or is apparent to the user. The delivery system should also be tested to ensure proper performance to design specifications and to assess failure modes and probabilities. Bench testing may also be used to assess the likelihood of migration of the implanted sensor that may affect performance.
We recommend that you submit sufficient evidence of performance for software-controlled medical devices. The degree of evidence is determined by the “level of concern” described in the FDA guidance document titled, Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices.6 The “level of concern” is related to the risks associated with software failure and may be minor, moderate, or major. The level of concern for this device is likely to be moderate.
We recommend that software documentation describe the role of the software included in the device and include performance testing to demonstrate that the software functions as designed.
We recommend that you demonstrate the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the device (i.e., sensor and monitor together) by following the EMC testing methods in IEC 60601-1-2 (Second Edition, 2001) Medical electrical equipment – Part 1: General requirements for safety; Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements and Tests, or a method that provides equivalent assurances of electromagnetic compatibility.
We recommend that you demonstrate the electrical safety of the device by following the testing in IEC 60601-1, Medical Electrical Equipment – Part 1: General Requirements for Safety, or a method that provides equivalent assurances of electrical safety.
F. Sterility
The sensor and delivery system should be sterile with a sterility assurance level of 10-6. As a blood contacting device, it should also be non-pyrogenic. We recommend that you provide the sterilization information described in the guidance, Updated 510(k) Sterility Review Guidance K90-1; Final Guidance for Industry and FDA.7
We recommend that you demonstrate the magnetic resonance imaging safety and compatibility of the device by following the test methods described in these standards or an equivalent:
ASTM F2052-02 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Magnetically Induced Displacement Force on Medical Devices in the Magnetic Resonance Environment
ASTM F2213-04 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Magnetically Induced Torque on Medical Devices in the Magnetic Resonance Environment
ASTM F2119-01 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of MR Image Artifacts from Passive Implants.
In addition, we recommend that you address the EMC concerns for implant exposure to the significant magnetic emissions from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including concerns for implant malfunction or damage from MRI exposure.
The premarket notification should include labeling in sufficient detail to satisfy the requirements of 21 CFR 807.87(e). The following suggestions are aimed at assisting you in preparing labeling that satisfies the requirements of 21 CFR Part 801.8
As a prescription device, under 21 CFR 801.109, the device is exempt from having adequate directions for lay use. Nevertheless, we recommend providing clear and concise instructions that delineate the technological features of the specific device and how the device is to be used on patients. Instructions should encourage local/institutional training programs designed to familiarize users with the features of the device and how to use it in a safe and effective manner. If there are any precautions or warnings that relate to packaging or sterility, these should be repeated on the package labels.
We recommend that you demonstrate the ultrasound compatibility of your device by following the recommendations in ISO 14708-1, part 22, or an equivalent.
We recommend that you demonstrate the compatibility of your device with external defibrillators by following the recommendations in ISO 14708-1, part 20.2, or its equivalent.
We recommend that you evaluate the functionality and the safety of the implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system through animal studies. We recommend you perform in vivo testing of the sensor that demonstrates under conditions of use, the sensor accurately measures pressure across the physiologic range. We also recommend you provide evidence that the mechanical and structural integrity of the sensor will be maintained when subjected to clinical use conditions. Additionally, animal testing should assess the probability of inappropriate device migration and evaluate the performance of the delivery system.
In accordance with the Least Burdensome provisions of the Act, the agency will rely upon well-designed bench and/or animal testing rather than requiring clinical studies for new devices unless there is a specific justification for asking for clinical information to support a determination of substantial equivalence. While, in general, clinical studies may not be needed for most implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement systems, FDA may recommend that you collect clinical data for an implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system with any one of the following:
indications for use dissimilar from a legally marketed implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system of the same type
new technology, i.e., technology different from that used in legally marketed implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system.
If a clinical study is needed, we recommend that you evaluate the efficacy of the implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system by demonstrating its ability to measure aneurysm sac pressure in human beings undergoing endovascular repair of aneurysms. We recommend that you also use this study to verify the device’s ability to determine the presence of an endoleak (lack of seal), guide the physician in determining the type of endoleak, and provide adjunctive evidence as to the success of endovascular intervention in resolving the endoleak.
If a clinical study is needed to demonstrate substantial equivalence, i.e., conducted prior to obtaining 510(k) clearance of the device, the study must be conducted under the Investigational Device Exemptions (IDE) regulation, 21 CFR Part 812. We believe that the implantable intra-aneurysm pressure measurement system addressed by this guidance document is a significant risk device as defined in 21 CFR 812.3(m).9 In addition to the requirement of having an FDA-approved IDE, sponsors of such trials must comply with the regulations governing institutional review boards (21 CFR Part 56) and informed consent (21 CFR Part 50).
2. Refer to Indications for Use Form (PDF File Size: 1.03MB) for the recommended format.
5. Required Biocompatibility Training and Toxicology Profiles for Evaluation of Medical Devices.
6. Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices .
7. Updated 510(k) Sterility Review Guidance K90-1.
8. Although final labeling is not required for 510(k) clearance, final labeling must comply with the requirements of 21 CFR Part 801 before a medical device is introduced into interstate commerce. In addition, final labeling for prescription medical devices must comply with 21 CFR 801.109. Labeling recommendations in this guidance are consistent with the requirements of Part 801.
9. See http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/RunningClinicalTrials/ GuidancesInformationSheetsandNotices/UCM118082.pdf.