Source: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title21-chapter9-subchapter5-partE&saved=%7CKHRpdGxlOjIxIHNlY3Rpb246MzYwYmJiLTAgZWRpdGlvbjpwcmVsaW0p%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim&edition=prelim
Timestamp: 2020-08-06 02:11:51
Document Index: 582016627

Matched Legal Cases: ['§360', '§561', '§402', '§102', '§610', '§360', '§561', '§3032', '§610', '§360', 'arts 50', '§561', '§2', '§201', '§2', '§360', '§562', '§404', '§360', '§563', '§416', '§360', '§564', '§1603', '§4', '§302', '§3088', '§1', '§201', '§1', '§1', '§1', '§3088', '§3088', '§3088', '§3088', '§3088', '§3088', '§3088', '§3088', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§302', '§360', '§564', '§302', '§3088', '§705', '§201', '§3088', '§3088', '§360', '§564', '§302', '§3088', '§705', '§201', '§705', '§705', '§3088', '§3088', '§360', '§1', '§360', '§565', '§404', '§303', '§503', '§503', '§503', '§503', '§503', '§304', '§303', '§303', '§304', '§304', '§305', '§306', '§3091', '§360', '§565', '§3086', '§201', '§360', '§565', '§603', '§301', '§201', '§603', '§360', '§566', '§603', '§1102', '§602', '§360', '§567', '§917', '§360', '§568', '§715', '§201', '§360', '§569', '§903', '§3101', '§360', '§569', '§1123', '§3101', '§360', '§569', '§1123', '§3101', '§360', '§569', '§1137', '§3001', '§605', '§3001', '§3001', '§3001', '§3002', '§3003', '§360', '§569', '§3012', '§201']

[USC02] 21 USC CHAPTER 9, SUBCHAPTER V, Part E: General Provisions Relating to Drugs and Devices
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21 USC CHAPTER 9, SUBCHAPTER V, Part E: General Provisions Relating to Drugs and Devices
From Title 21—FOOD AND DRUGSCHAPTER 9—FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACTSUBCHAPTER V—DRUGS AND DEVICES
Part E—General Provisions Relating to Drugs and Devices
§360bbb. Expanded access to unapproved therapies and diagnostics
(a) Emergency situations
The Secretary may, under appropriate conditions determined by the Secretary, authorize the shipment of investigational drugs or investigational devices for the diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment of a serious disease or condition in emergency situations.
(b) Individual patient access to investigational products intended for serious diseases
Any person, acting through a physician licensed in accordance with State law, may request from a manufacturer or distributor, and any manufacturer or distributor may, after complying with the provisions of this subsection, provide to such physician an investigational drug or investigational device for the diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment of a serious disease or condition if—
(1) the licensed physician determines that the person has no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy available to diagnose, monitor, or treat the disease or condition involved, and that the probable risk to the person from the investigational drug or investigational device is not greater than the probable risk from the disease or condition;
(2) the Secretary determines that there is sufficient evidence of safety and effectiveness to support the use of the investigational drug or investigational device in the case described in paragraph (1);
(3) the Secretary determines that provision of the investigational drug or investigational device will not interfere with the initiation, conduct, or completion of clinical investigations to support marketing approval; and
(4) the sponsor, or clinical investigator, of the investigational drug or investigational device submits to the Secretary a clinical protocol consistent with the provisions of section 355(i) or 360j(g) of this title, including any regulations promulgated under section 355(i) or 360j(g) of this title, describing the use of the investigational drug or investigational device in a single patient or a small group of patients.
(c) Treatment investigational new drug applications and treatment investigational device exemptions
Upon submission by a sponsor or a physician of a protocol intended to provide widespread access to an investigational drug or investigational device for eligible patients (referred to in this subsection as an "expanded access protocol"), the Secretary shall permit such investigational drug or investigational device to be made available for expanded access under a treatment investigational new drug application or treatment investigational device exemption if the Secretary determines that—
(1) under the treatment investigational new drug application or treatment investigational device exemption, the investigational drug or investigational device is intended for use in the diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment of a serious or immediately life-threatening disease or condition;
(2) there is no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy available to diagnose, monitor, or treat that stage of disease or condition in the population of patients to which the investigational drug or investigational device is intended to be administered;
(3)(A) the investigational drug or investigational device is under investigation in a controlled clinical trial for the use described in paragraph (1) under an investigational drug application in effect under section 355(i) of this title or investigational device exemption in effect under section 360j(g) of this title; or
(B) all clinical trials necessary for approval of that use of the investigational drug or investigational device have been completed;
(4) the sponsor of the controlled clinical trials is actively pursuing marketing approval of the investigational drug or investigational device for the use described in paragraph (1) with due diligence;
(5) in the case of an investigational drug or investigational device described in paragraph (3)(A), the provision of the investigational drug or investigational device will not interfere with the enrollment of patients in ongoing clinical investigations under section 355(i) or 360j(g) of this title;
(6) in the case of serious diseases, there is sufficient evidence of safety and effectiveness to support the use described in paragraph (1); and
(7) in the case of immediately life-threatening diseases, the available scientific evidence, taken as a whole, provides a reasonable basis to conclude that the investigational drug or investigational device may be effective for its intended use and would not expose patients to an unreasonable and significant risk of illness or injury.
A protocol submitted under this subsection shall be subject to the provisions of section 355(i) or 360j(g) of this title, including regulations promulgated under section 355(i) or 360j(g) of this title. The Secretary may inform national, State, and local medical associations and societies, voluntary health associations, and other appropriate persons about the availability of an investigational drug or investigational device under expanded access protocols submitted under this subsection. The information provided by the Secretary, in accordance with the preceding sentence, shall be the same type of information that is required by section 282(i)(3) of title 42.
The Secretary may, at any time, with respect to a sponsor, physician, manufacturer, or distributor described in this section, terminate expanded access provided under this section for an investigational drug or investigational device if the requirements under this section are no longer met.
In this section, the terms "investigational drug", "investigational device", "treatment investigational new drug application", and "treatment investigational device exemption" shall have the meanings given the terms in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §561, as added Pub. L. 105–115, title IV, §402, Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2365; amended Pub. L. 109–482, title I, §102(f)(2), Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3685.)
2007—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–482 substituted "section 282(i)(3)" for "section 282(j)(3)" in concluding provisions.
Amendment by Pub. L. 109–482 applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years, see section 109 of Pub. L. 109–482, set out as a note under section 281 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Section effective 90 days after Nov. 21, 1997, except as otherwise provided, see section 501 of Pub. L. 105–115, set out as an Effective Date of 1997 Amendment note under section 321 of this title.
Pub. L. 115–52, title VI, §610(a), (b), Aug. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1051, 1053, provided that:
"(a) Patient Access to Investigational Drugs.—
"(1) Public meeting.—
"(A) In general.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the 'Secretary'), acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, in coordination with the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and in consultation with patients, health care providers, drug sponsors, bioethicists, and other stakeholders, shall, not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 18, 2007], convene a public meeting to discuss clinical trial inclusion and exclusion criteria to inform the guidance under paragraph (3). The Secretary shall inform the Comptroller General of the United States of the date when the public meeting will take place.
"(B) Topics.—The Secretary shall make available on the internet website of the Food and Drug Administration a report on the topics discussed at the meeting described in subparagraph (A) within 90 days of such meeting. Such topics shall include discussion of—
"(i) the rationale for, and potential barriers for patients created by, research clinical trial inclusion and exclusion criteria;
"(ii) how appropriate patient populations can benefit from the results of trials that employ alternative designs;
"(iii) barriers to participation in clinical trials, including—
"(I) information regarding any potential risks and benefits of participation;
"(II) regulatory, geographical, and socioeconomic barriers; and
"(III) the impact of exclusion criteria on the enrollment in clinical trials of particular populations, including infants and children, pregnant and lactating women, seniors, individuals with advanced disease, and individuals with co-morbid conditions;
"(iv) clinical trial designs and methods, including expanded access trials, that increase enrollment of more diverse patient populations, when appropriate, while facilitating the collection of data to establish safe use and support substantial evidence of effectiveness, including data obtained from expanded access trials; and
"(v) how changes to clinical trial inclusion and exclusion criteria may impact the complexity and length of clinical trials, the data necessary to demonstrate safety and effectiveness, and potential approaches to mitigating those impacts.
"(2) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the Secretary issues the report under paragraph (1)(B), the Comptroller General of the United States shall report to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives on individual access to investigational drugs through the expanded access program under section 561(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb(b)). The report shall include—
"(A) a description of actions taken by manufacturers and distributors under section 561A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb–0);
"(B) consideration of whether Form FDA 3926 and the guidance documents titled 'Expanded Access to Investigational Drugs for Treatment Use—Questions and Answers' and 'Individual Patient Expanded Access Applications: Form FDA 3926', issued by the Food and Drug Administration in June 2016, have reduced application burden with respect to individuals and physicians seeking access to investigational new drugs pursuant to section 561(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb) and improved clarity for patients, physicians, and drug manufacturers about such process;
"(C) consideration of whether the guidance or regulations issued to implement section 561 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb) have improved access for individual patients to investigational drugs who do not qualify for clinical trials of such investigational drugs, and what barriers to such access remain;
"(D) an assessment of methods patients and health care providers use to engage with the Food and Drug Administration or drug sponsors on expanded access; and
"(E) an analysis of the Secretary's report under paragraph (1)(B).
"(3) Guidance.—
"(A) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the publication of the report under paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall issue one or more draft guidances regarding eligibility criteria for clinical trials. Not later than 1 year after the public comment period on each such draft guidance ends, the Secretary shall issue a revised draft guidance or final guidance.
"(B) Contents.—The guidance documents described in subparagraph (A) shall address methodological approaches that a manufacturer or sponsor of an investigation of a new drug may take to—
"(i) broaden eligibility criteria for clinical trials and expanded access trials, especially with respect to drugs for the treatment of serious and life-threatening conditions or diseases for which there is an unmet medical need;
"(ii) develop eligibility criteria for, and increase trial recruitment to, clinical trials so that enrollment in such trials more accurately reflects the patients most likely to receive the drug, as applicable and as appropriate, while establishing safe use and supporting findings of substantial evidence of effectiveness; and
"(iii) use the criteria described in clauses (i) and (ii) in a manner that is appropriate for drugs intended for the treatment of rare diseases or conditions.
"(b) Improving Institutional Review Board Review of Single Patient Expanded Access Protocol.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 18, 2017], the Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall issue guidance or regulations, or revise existing guidance or regulations, to streamline the institutional review board review of individual patient expanded access protocols submitted under [section] 561(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb(b)). To facilitate the use of expanded access protocols, any guidance or regulations so issued or revised may include a description of the process for any person acting through a physician licensed in accordance with State law to request that an institutional review board chair (or designated member of the institutional review board) review a single patient expanded access protocol submitted under such section 561(b) for a drug. The Secretary shall update any relevant forms associated with individual patient expanded access requests under such section 561(b) as necessary."
§360bbb–0. Expanded access policy required for investigational drugs
The manufacturer or distributor of one or more investigational drugs for the diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment of one or more serious diseases or conditions shall make available the policy of the manufacturer or distributor on evaluating and responding to requests submitted under section 360bbb(b) of this title for provision of such a drug.
(b) Public availability of expanded access policy
The policies under subsection (a) shall be made public and readily available, such as by posting such policies on a publicly available Internet website. Such policies may be generally applicable to all investigational drugs of such manufacturer or distributor.
(c) Content of policy
A policy described in subsection (a) shall include—
(1) contact information for the manufacturer or distributor to facilitate communication about requests described in subsection (a);
(2) procedures for making such requests;
(3) the general criteria the manufacturer or distributor will use to evaluate such requests for individual patients, and for responses to such requests;
(4) the length of time the manufacturer or distributor anticipates will be necessary to acknowledge receipt of such requests; and
(5) a hyperlink or other reference to the clinical trial record containing information about the expanded access for such drug that is required under section 282(j)(2)(A)(ii)(II)(gg) of title 42.
(d) No guarantee of access
The posting of policies by manufacturers and distributors under subsection (a) shall not serve as a guarantee of access to any specific investigational drug by any individual patient.
(e) Revised policy
Nothing in this section shall prevent a manufacturer or distributor from revising a policy required under this section at any time.
This section shall apply to a manufacturer or distributor with respect to an investigational drug beginning on the earlier of—
(1) the first initiation of a phase 2 or phase 3 study (as such terms are defined in section 312.21(b) and (c) of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations)) with respect to such investigational drug; or
(2) as applicable, 15 days after the drug receives a designation as a breakthrough therapy, fast track product, or regenerative advanced therapy under subsection (a), (b), or (g), respectively, of section 356 of this title.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §561A, as added Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3032, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1100; amended Pub. L. 115–52, title VI, §610(c), Aug. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1053.)
2017—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–52 substituted "earlier" for "later" in introductory provisions, added par. (2), redesignated former par. (2) as (1), and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "the date that is 60 calendar days after December 13, 2016; or".
§360bbb–0a. Investigational drugs for use by eligible patients
(1) the term "eligible patient" means a patient—
(A) who has been diagnosed with a life-threatening disease or condition (as defined in section 312.81 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations));
(B) who has exhausted approved treatment options and is unable to participate in a clinical trial involving the eligible investigational drug, as certified by a physician, who—
(i) is in good standing with the physician's licensing organization or board; and
(ii) will not be compensated directly by the manufacturer for so certifying; and
(C) who has provided to the treating physician written informed consent regarding the eligible investigational drug, or, as applicable, on whose behalf a legally authorized representative of the patient has provided such consent;
(2) the term "eligible investigational drug" means an investigational drug (as such term is used in section 360bbb of this title)—
(A) for which a Phase 1 clinical trial has been completed;
(B) that has not been approved or licensed for any use under section 355 of this title or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262];
(C)(i) for which an application has been filed under section 355(b) of this title or section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)]; or
(ii) that is under investigation in a clinical trial that—
(I) is intended to form the primary basis of a claim of effectiveness in support of approval or licensure under section 355 of this title or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262]; and
(II) is the subject of an active investigational new drug application under section 355(i) of this title or section 351(a)(3) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)(3)], as applicable; and
(D) the active development or production of which is ongoing and has not been discontinued by the manufacturer or placed on clinical hold under section 355(i) of this title; and
(3) the term "phase 1 trial" means a phase 1 clinical investigation of a drug as described in section 312.21 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations).
Eligible investigational drugs provided to eligible patients in compliance with this section are exempt from sections 352(f), 353(b)(4), 355(a), and 355(i) of this title, section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)], and parts 50, 56, and 312 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations), provided that the sponsor of such eligible investigational drug or any person who manufactures, distributes, prescribes, dispenses, introduces or delivers for introduction into interstate commerce, or provides to an eligible patient an eligible investigational drug pursuant to this section is in compliance with the applicable requirements set forth in sections 312.6, 312.7, and 312.8(d)(1) of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations) that apply to investigational drugs.
(c) Use of clinical outcomes
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.], or any other provision of Federal law, the Secretary may not use a clinical outcome associated with the use of an eligible investigational drug pursuant to this section to delay or adversely affect the review or approval of such drug under section 355 of this title or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262] unless—
(A) the Secretary makes a determination, in accordance with paragraph (2), that use of such clinical outcome is critical to determining the safety of the eligible investigational drug; or
(B) the sponsor requests use of such outcomes.
If the Secretary makes a determination under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall provide written notice of such determination to the sponsor, including a public health justification for such determination, and such notice shall be made part of the administrative record. Such determination shall not be delegated below the director of the agency center that is charged with the premarket review of the eligible investigational drug.
(d) Reporting
The manufacturer or sponsor of an eligible investigational drug shall submit to the Secretary an annual summary of any use of such drug under this section. The summary shall include the number of doses supplied, the number of patients treated, the uses for which the drug was made available, and any known serious adverse events. The Secretary shall specify by regulation the deadline of submission of such annual summary and may amend section 312.33 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations) to require the submission of such annual summary in conjunction with the annual report for an applicable investigational new drug application for such drug.
(2) Posting of information
The Secretary shall post an annual summary report of the use of this section on the internet website of the Food and Drug Administration, including the number of drugs for which clinical outcomes associated with the use of an eligible investigational drug pursuant to this section was—
(A) used in accordance with subsection (c)(1)(A);
(B) used in accordance with subsection (c)(1)(B); and
(C) not used in the review of an application under section 355 of this title or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262].
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §561B, as added Pub. L. 115–176, §2(a), May 30, 2018, 132 Stat. 1372.)
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§201 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
Pub. L. 115–176, §2(b), May 30, 2018, 132 Stat. 1374, provided that:
"(1) Alleged acts or omissions.—With respect to any alleged act or omission with respect to an eligible investigational drug provided to an eligible patient pursuant to section 561B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 360bbb–0a] and in compliance with such section, no liability in a cause of action shall lie against—
"(A) a sponsor or manufacturer; or
"(B) a prescriber, dispenser, or other individual entity (other than a sponsor or manufacturer), unless the relevant conduct constitutes reckless or willful misconduct, gross negligence, or an intentional tort under any applicable State law.
"(2) Determination not to provide drug.—No liability shall lie against a sponsor manufacturer, prescriber, dispenser or other individual entity for its determination not to provide access to an eligible investigational drug under section 561B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
"(3) Limitation.—Except as set forth in paragraphs (1) and (2), nothing in this section shall be construed to modify or otherwise affect the right of any person to bring a private action under any State or Federal product liability, tort, consumer protection, or warranty law."
§360bbb–1. Dispute resolution
If, regarding an obligation concerning drugs or devices under this Act or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262], there is a scientific controversy between the Secretary and a person who is a sponsor, applicant, or manufacturer and no specific provision of the Act involved, including a regulation promulgated under such Act, provides a right of review of the matter in controversy, the Secretary shall, by regulation, establish a procedure under which such sponsor, applicant, or manufacturer may request a review of such controversy, including a review by an appropriate scientific advisory panel described in section 355(n) of this title or an advisory committee described in section 360e(g)(2)(B) of this title. Any such review shall take place in a timely manner. The Secretary shall promulgate such regulations within 1 year after November 21, 1997.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §562, as added Pub. L. 105–115, title IV, §404, Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2368.)
This Act, referred to in text, is the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, as amended, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of this title and Tables.
§360bbb–2. Classification of products
A person who submits an application or submission (including a petition, notification, and any other similar form of request) under this chapter for a product, may submit a request to the Secretary respecting the classification of the product as a drug, biological product, device, or a combination product subject to section 353(g) of this title or respecting the component of the Food and Drug Administration that will regulate the product. In submitting the request, the person shall recommend a classification for the product, or a component to regulate the product, as appropriate.
Not later than 60 days after the receipt of the request described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall determine the classification of the product under subsection (a), or the component of the Food and Drug Administration that will regulate the product, and shall provide to the person a written statement that identifies such classification or such component, and the reasons for such determination. The Secretary may not modify such statement except with the written consent of the person, or for public health reasons based on scientific evidence.
(c) Inaction of Secretary
If the Secretary does not provide the statement within the 60-day period described in subsection (b), the recommendation made by the person under subsection (a) shall be considered to be a final determination by the Secretary of such classification of the product, or the component of the Food and Drug Administration that will regulate the product, as applicable, and may not be modified by the Secretary except with the written consent of the person, or for public health reasons based on scientific evidence.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §563, as added Pub. L. 105–115, title IV, §416, Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2378.)
§360bbb–3. Authorization for medical products for use in emergencies
(1) Emergency uses
Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter and section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262], and subject to the provisions of this section, the Secretary may authorize the introduction into interstate commerce, during the effective period of a declaration under subsection (b), of a drug, device, or biological product intended for use in an actual or potential emergency (referred to in this section as an "emergency use").
(2) Approval status of product
An authorization under paragraph (1) may authorize an emergency use of a product that—
(A) is not approved, licensed, or cleared for commercial distribution under section 355, 360(k), 360b, or 360e of this title or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262] or conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title (referred to in this section as an "unapproved product"); or
(B) is approved, conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title, licensed, or cleared under such a provision, but which use is not under such provision an approved, conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title, licensed, or cleared use of the product (referred to in this section as an "unapproved use of an approved product").
(3) Relation to other uses
An emergency use authorized under paragraph (1) for a product is in addition to any other use that is authorized for the product under a section of this chapter or the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.] referred to in paragraph (2)(A).
(A) The term "biological product" has the meaning given such term in section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262].
(B) The term "emergency use" has the meaning indicated for such term in paragraph (1).
(C) The term "product" means a drug, device, or biological product.
(D) The term "unapproved product" has the meaning indicated for such term in paragraph (2)(A).
(E) The term "unapproved use of an approved product" has the meaning indicated for such term in paragraph (2)(B).
(b) Declaration of emergency or threat justifying emergency authorized use
The Secretary may make a declaration that the circumstances exist justifying the authorization under this subsection for a product on the basis of—
(A) a determination by the Secretary of Homeland Security that there is a domestic emergency, or a significant potential for a domestic emergency, involving a heightened risk of attack with a biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents;
(B) a determination by the Secretary of Defense that there is a military emergency, or a significant potential for a military emergency, involving a heightened risk to United States military forces, including personnel operating under the authority of title 10 or title 50, of attack with—
(i) a biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents; or
(ii) an agent or agents that may cause, or are otherwise associated with, an imminently life-threatening and specific risk to United States military forces;
(C) a determination by the Secretary that there is a public health emergency, or a significant potential for a public health emergency, that affects, or has a significant potential to affect, national security or the health and security of United States citizens living abroad, and that involves a biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents, or a disease or condition that may be attributable to such agent or agents; or
(D) the identification of a material threat pursuant to section 319F–2 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 247d–6b] sufficient to affect national security or the health and security of United States citizens living abroad.
(2) Termination of declaration
A declaration under this subsection shall terminate upon the earlier of—
(i) a determination by the Secretary, in consultation as appropriate with the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Secretary of Defense, that the circumstances described in paragraph (1) have ceased to exist; or
(ii) a change in the approval status of the product such that the circumstances described in subsection (a)(2) have ceased to exist.
(B) Disposition of product
If an authorization under this section with respect to an unapproved product ceases to be effective as a result of a termination under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the Secretary shall consult with the manufacturer of such product with respect to the appropriate disposition of the product.
(3) Advance notice of termination
The Secretary shall provide advance notice that a declaration under this subsection will be terminated. The period of advance notice shall be a period reasonably determined to provide—
(A) in the case of an unapproved product, a sufficient period for disposition of the product, including the return of such product (except such quantities of product as are necessary to provide for continued use consistent with subsection (f)(2)) to the manufacturer (in the case of a manufacturer that chooses to have such product returned); and
(B) in the case of an unapproved use of an approved product, a sufficient period for the disposition of any labeling, or any information under subsection (e)(2)(B)(ii), as the case may be, that was provided with respect to the emergency use involved.
The Secretary shall promptly publish in the Federal Register each declaration, determination, and advance notice of termination under this subsection.
(5) Explanation by Secretary
If an authorization under this section with respect to an unapproved product or an unapproved use of an approved product has been in effect for more than 1 year, the Secretary shall provide in writing to the sponsor of such product an explanation of the scientific, regulatory, or other obstacles to approval, licensure, or clearance of such product or use, including specific actions to be taken by the Secretary and the sponsor to overcome such obstacles.
(6) Military emergencies
In the case of a determination described in paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary shall determine, within 45 calendar days of such determination, whether to make a declaration under paragraph (1), and, if appropriate, shall promptly make such a declaration.
(c) Criteria for issuance of authorization
The Secretary may issue an authorization under this section with respect to the emergency use of a product only if, after consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (to the extent feasible and appropriate given the applicable circumstances described in subsection (b)(1)), the Secretary concludes—
(1) that an agent referred to in a declaration under subsection (b) can cause a serious or life-threatening disease or condition;
(2) that, based on the totality of scientific evidence available to the Secretary, including data from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials, if available, it is reasonable to believe that—
(A) the product may be effective in diagnosing, treating, or preventing—
(i) such disease or condition; or
(ii) a serious or life-threatening disease or condition caused by a product authorized under this section, approved or cleared under this chapter, or licensed under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262], for diagnosing, treating, or preventing such a disease or condition caused by such an agent; and
(B) the known and potential benefits of the product, when used to diagnose, prevent, or treat such disease or condition, outweigh the known and potential risks of the product, taking into consideration the material threat posed by the agent or agents identified in a declaration under subsection (b)(1)(D), if applicable;
(3) that there is no adequate, approved, and available alternative to the product for diagnosing, preventing, or treating such disease or condition;
(4) in the case of a determination described in subsection (b)(1)(B)(ii), that the request for emergency use is made by the Secretary of Defense; and
(5) that such other criteria as the Secretary may by regulation prescribe are satisfied.
(d) Scope of authorization
An authorization of a product under this section shall state—
(1) each disease or condition that the product may be used to diagnose, prevent, or treat within the scope of the authorization;
(2) the Secretary's conclusions, made under subsection (c)(2)(B), that the known and potential benefits of the product, when used to diagnose, prevent, or treat such disease or condition, outweigh the known and potential risks of the product; and
(3) the Secretary's conclusions, made under subsection (c), concerning the safety and potential effectiveness of the product in diagnosing, preventing, or treating such diseases or conditions, including, to the extent practicable given the circumstances of the emergency, an assessment of the available scientific evidence.
(e) Conditions of authorization
(1) Unapproved product
(A) Required conditions
With respect to the emergency use of an unapproved product, the Secretary, to the extent practicable given the applicable circumstances described in subsection (b)(1), shall, for a person who carries out any activity for which the authorization is issued, establish such conditions on an authorization under this section as the Secretary finds necessary or appropriate to protect the public health, including the following:
(i) Appropriate conditions designed to ensure that health care professionals administering the product are informed—
(I) that the Secretary has authorized the emergency use of the product;
(II) of the significant known and potential benefits and risks of the emergency use of the product, and of the extent to which such benefits and risks are unknown; and
(III) of the alternatives to the product that are available, and of their benefits and risks.
(ii) Appropriate conditions designed to ensure that individuals to whom the product is administered are informed—
(II) of the significant known and potential benefits and risks of such use, and of the extent to which such benefits and risks are unknown; and
(III) of the option to accept or refuse administration of the product, of the consequences, if any, of refusing administration of the product, and of the alternatives to the product that are available and of their benefits and risks.
(iii) Appropriate conditions for the monitoring and reporting of adverse events associated with the emergency use of the product.
(iv) For manufacturers of the product, appropriate conditions concerning recordkeeping and reporting, including records access by the Secretary, with respect to the emergency use of the product.
(B) Authority for additional conditions
With respect to the emergency use of an unapproved product, the Secretary may, for a person who carries out any activity for which the authorization is issued, establish such conditions on an authorization under this section as the Secretary finds necessary or appropriate to protect the public health, including the following:
(i) Appropriate conditions on which entities may distribute the product with respect to the emergency use of the product (including limitation to distribution by government entities), and on how distribution is to be performed.
(ii) Appropriate conditions on who may administer the product with respect to the emergency use of the product, and on the categories of individuals to whom, and the circumstances under which, the product may be administered with respect to such use.
(iii) Appropriate conditions with respect to collection and analysis of information concerning the safety and effectiveness of the product with respect to the use of such product during the period when the authorization is in effect and a reasonable time following such period.
(iv) For persons other than manufacturers of the product, appropriate conditions concerning recordkeeping and reporting, including records access by the Secretary, with respect to the emergency use of the product.
(2) Unapproved use
With respect to the emergency use of a product that is an unapproved use of an approved product:
(A) For a person who carries out any activity for which the authorization is issued, the Secretary shall, to the extent practicable given the applicable circumstances described in subsection (b)(1), establish conditions described in clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1)(A), and may establish conditions described in clauses (iii) and (iv) of such paragraph or in paragraph (1)(B).
(B)(i) If the authorization under this section regarding the emergency use authorizes a change in the labeling of the product, but the manufacturer of the product chooses not to make such change, such authorization may not authorize distributors of the product or any other person to alter or obscure the labeling provided by the manufacturer, except as provided in section 360bbb–3a of this title with respect to authorized changes to the product expiration date.
(ii) In the circumstances described in clause (i), for a person who does not manufacture the product and who chooses to act under this clause, an authorization under this section regarding the emergency use shall, to the extent practicable given the circumstances of the emergency, authorize such person to provide appropriate information with respect to such product in addition to the labeling provided by the manufacturer, subject to compliance with clause (i). While the authorization under this section is effective, such additional information shall not be considered labeling for purposes of section 352 of this title.
(C) In establishing conditions under this paragraph with respect to the distribution and administration of the product for the unapproved use, the Secretary shall not impose conditions that would restrict distribution or administration of the product when distributed or administered for the approved use.
(3) Good manufacturing practice; prescription
With respect to the emergency use of a product for which an authorization under this section is issued (whether an unapproved product or an unapproved use of an approved product), the Secretary may waive or limit, to the extent appropriate given the applicable circumstances described in subsection (b)(1)—
(A) requirements regarding current good manufacturing practice otherwise applicable to the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of products subject to regulation under this chapter, including such requirements established under section 351 or 360j(f)(1) of this title, and including relevant conditions prescribed with respect to the product by an order under section 360j(f)(2) of this title;
(B) requirements established under subsection (b) or (f) of section 353 of this title or under section 354 of this title; and
(C) requirements established under section 360j(e) of this title.
The Secretary may establish conditions on advertisements and other promotional descriptive printed matter that relate to the emergency use of a product for which an authorization under this section is issued (whether an unapproved product or an unapproved use of an approved product), including, as appropriate—
(A) with respect to drugs and biological products, requirements applicable to prescription drugs pursuant to section 352(n) of this title; or
(B) with respect to devices, requirements applicable to restricted devices pursuant to section 352(r) of this title.
(f) Duration of authorization
Except as provided in paragraph (2), an authorization under this section shall be effective until the earlier of the termination of the declaration under subsection (b) or a revocation under subsection (g).
(2) Continued use after end of effective period
Notwithstanding the termination of the declaration under subsection (b) or a revocation under subsection (g), an authorization shall continue to be effective to provide for continued use of an unapproved product with respect to a patient to whom, or an animal to which, it was administered during the period described by paragraph (1), to the extent found necessary by such patient's attending physician or by the veterinarian caring for such animal, as applicable.
(g) Review and revocation of authorization
The Secretary shall periodically review the circumstances and the appropriateness of an authorization under this section. As part of such review, the Secretary shall regularly review the progress made with respect to the approval, conditional approval under section 360ccc of this title, licensure, or clearance of—
(A) an unapproved product for which an authorization was issued under this section; or
(B) an unapproved use of an approved product for which an authorization was issued under this section.
(2) Revision and revocation
The Secretary may revise or revoke an authorization under this section if—
(A) the circumstances described under subsection (b)(1) no longer exist;
(B) the criteria under subsection (c) for issuance of such authorization are no longer met; or
(C) other circumstances make such revision or revocation appropriate to protect the public health or safety.
(h) Publication; confidential information
The Secretary shall promptly publish in the Federal Register a notice of each authorization, and each termination or revocation of an authorization under this section, and an explanation of the reasons therefor (which may include a summary of data or information that has been submitted to the Secretary in an application under section 355(i) 1 360b(j), or 360j(g) of this title, even if such summary may indirectly reveal the existence of such application). The Secretary shall make any revisions to an authorization under this section available on the Internet Web site of the Food and Drug Administration.
(2) Confidential information
Nothing in this section alters or amends section 1905 of title 18 or section 552(b)(4) of title 5.
(i) Actions committed to agency discretion
Actions under the authority of this section by the Secretary, by the Secretary of Defense, or by the Secretary of Homeland Security are committed to agency discretion.
(j) Rules of construction
The following applies with respect to this section:
(1) Nothing in this section impairs the authority of the President as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States under article II, section 2 of the United States Constitution.
(2) Nothing in this section impairs the authority of the Secretary of Defense with respect to the Department of Defense, including the armed forces, under other provisions of Federal law.
(3) Nothing in this section (including any exercise of authority by a manufacturer under subsection (e)(2)) impairs the authority of the United States to use or manage quantities of a product that are owned or controlled by the United States (including quantities in the stockpile maintained under section 319F–2 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 247d–6b]).
(4) Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing a delay in the review or other consideration by the Secretary of any application or submission pending before the Food and Drug Administration for a product for which an authorization under this section is issued.
(k) Relation to other provisions
If a product is the subject of an authorization under this section, the use of such product within the scope of the authorization shall not be considered to constitute a clinical investigation for purposes of section 355(i), 360b(j), or 360j(g) of this title or any other provision of this chapter or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262].
(l) Option to carry out authorized activities
Nothing in this section provides the Secretary any authority to require any person to carry out any activity that becomes lawful pursuant to an authorization under this section, and no person is required to inform the Secretary that the person will not be carrying out such activity, except that a manufacturer of a sole-source unapproved product authorized for emergency use shall report to the Secretary within a reasonable period of time after the issuance by the Secretary of such authorization if such manufacturer does not intend to carry out any activity under the authorization. This section only has legal effect on a person who carries out an activity for which an authorization under this section is issued. This section does not modify or affect activities carried out pursuant to other provisions of this chapter or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262]. Nothing in this subsection may be construed as restricting the Secretary from imposing conditions on persons who carry out any activity pursuant to an authorization under this section.
(m) Categorization of laboratory tests associated with devices subject to authorization
In issuing an authorization under this section with respect to a device, the Secretary may, subject to the provisions of this section, determine that a laboratory examination or procedure associated with such device shall be deemed, for purposes of section 353 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 263a], to be in a particular category of examinations and procedures (including the category described by subsection (d)(3) of such section) if, based on the totality of scientific evidence available to the Secretary—
(A) such categorization would be beneficial to protecting the public health; and
(B) the known and potential benefits of such categorization under the circumstances of the authorization outweigh the known and potential risks of the categorization.
(2) Conditions of determination
The Secretary may establish appropriate conditions on the performance of the examination or procedure pursuant to such determination.
(3) Effective period
A determination under this subsection shall be effective for purposes of section 353 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 263a] notwithstanding any other provision of that section during the effective period of the relevant declaration under subsection (b).
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §564, as added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XVI, §1603(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1684; amended Pub. L. 108–276, §4(a), July 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 853; Pub. L. 113–5, title III, §302(a), Mar. 13, 2013, 127 Stat. 179; Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3088(a), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1148; Pub. L. 115–92, §1(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 2023.)
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§201 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
2017—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–92, §1(a)(1)(A), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "a determination by the Secretary of Defense that there is a military emergency, or a significant potential for a military emergency, involving a heightened risk to United States military forces of attack with a biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents;".
Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 115–92, §1(a)(1)(B), added par. (6).
Subsec. (c)(4), (5). Pub. L. 115–92, §1(a)(2), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).
2016—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(a)(1)(A), substituted "360b, or 360e" for "or 360e" and inserted "or conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title" after "Public Health Service Act".
Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(a)(1)(B), inserted "conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title," after "approved," in two places.
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(a)(2), struck out second comma after "determination".
Subsec. (e)(3)(B). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(a)(3), substituted "subsection (b) or (f) of section 353 of this title or under section 354 of this title" for "section 353(b) of this title".
Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(a)(4), inserted ", or an animal to which," after "to a patient to whom" and "or by the veterinarian caring for such animal, as applicable" after "attending physician".
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(a)(5), inserted "conditional approval under section 360ccc of this title," after "approval,".
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(a)(6), substituted "360b(j), or 360j(g) of this title" for "or section 360j(g) of this title".
Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(a)(7), substituted "360b(j), or 360j(g) of this title" for "section 360j(g) of this title,".
2013—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(1)(A), substituted "any provision of this chapter" for "sections 355, 360(k), and 360e of this title".
Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(1)(B), substituted "under section 355, 360(k), or 360e of this title or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act" for "under a provision of law referred to in such paragraph".
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(1)(C), substituted "a section of this chapter or the Public Health Service Act referred to in paragraph (2)(A)" for "a provision of law referred to in such paragraph".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(2)(A), inserted "or threat justifying emergency authorized use" after "emergency" in heading.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(2)(B), substituted "may make a declaration that the circumstances exist" for "may declare an emergency" in introductory provisions, struck out "specified" before "biological" in subpars. (A) and (B), added subpar. (D), and amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "a determination by the Secretary of a public health emergency under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act that affects, or has a significant potential to affect, national security, and that involves a specified biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents, or a specified disease or condition that may be attributable to such agent or agents."
Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(2)(C)(i), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "the expiration of the one-year period beginning on the date on which the declaration is made."
Subsec. (b)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(2)(C)(ii), (iii), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B). Prior to amendment, text of subpar. (B) read as follows: "Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the Secretary may renew a declaration under this subsection, and this paragraph shall apply to any such renewal."
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(2)(D), substituted ", and advance notice of termination under this subsection" for "advance notice of termination, and renewal under this subsection".
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(2)(E), added par. (5).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(3)(A), in introductory provisions, inserted "the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response," after "consultation with" and substituted "Director of the National Institutes of Health, and" for "Director of the National Institutes of Health and" and "applicable circumstances described in subsection (b)(1)" for "circumstances of the emergency involved".
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(3)(B), substituted "referred to" for "specified".
Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(3)(C), inserted ", taking into consideration the material threat posed by the agent or agents identified in a declaration under subsection (b)(1)(D), if applicable" after "risks of the product".
Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(4), inserted ", to the extent practicable given the circumstances of the emergency," after "including".
Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(5)(A), substituted "applicable circumstances described in subsection (b)(1)" for "circumstances of the emergency" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (e)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(5)(B), amended cl. (iii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iii) read as follows: "Appropriate conditions with respect to the collection and analysis of information, during the period when the authorization is in effect, concerning the safety and effectiveness of the product with respect to the emergency use of such product."
Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(5)(C)(i), substituted "person" for "manufacturer of the product" and "applicable circumstances described in subsection (b)(1)" for "circumstances of the emergency" and inserted "or in paragraph (1)(B)" before period at end.
Subsec. (e)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(5)(C)(ii), inserted ", except as provided in section 360bbb–3a of this title with respect to authorized changes to the product expiration date" before period at end.
Subsec. (e)(2)(C). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(5)(C)(iii), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "The Secretary may establish with respect to the distribution and administration of the product for the unapproved use conditions no more restrictive than those established by the Secretary with respect to the distribution and administration of the product for the approved use."
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(5)(D), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "With respect to the emergency use of a product for which an authorization under this section is issued (whether an unapproved product or an unapproved use of an approved product), the Secretary may waive or limit, to the extent appropriate given the circumstances of the emergency, requirements regarding current good manufacturing practice otherwise applicable to the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of products subject to regulation under this chapter, including such requirements established under section 351 of this title."
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(6)(A), substituted "Review and revocation" for "Revocation" in heading.
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(6)(B), inserted at end "As part of such review, the Secretary shall regularly review the progress made with respect to the approval, licensure, or clearance of—
"(A) an unapproved product for which an authorization was issued under this section; or
"(B) an unapproved use of an approved product for which an authorization was issued under this section."
Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(6)(C), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary may revoke an authorization under this section if the criteria under subsection (c) of this section for issuance of such authorization are no longer met or other circumstances make such revocation appropriate to protect the public health or safety."
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(7), inserted at end "The Secretary shall make any revisions to an authorization under this section available on the Internet Web site of the Food and Drug Administration."
Subsec. (j)(4). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(8), added par. (4).
Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 113–5, §302(a)(9), added subsec. (m).
2004—Pub. L. 108–276 amended section generally, substituting provisions of subsecs. (a) to (l) for similar former provisions, except for additional provisions in subsec. (b)(1) allowing Secretary to authorize use of medical products in actual or potential domestic and public health emergencies in addition to actual or potential military emergencies.
Making General Use Respirators Available
Memorandum of President of the United States, Mar. 11, 2020, 85 F.R. 15049, provided:
Memorandum for the Secretary of Health and Human Services [and] the Secretary of Labor
It is the policy of the United States to take proactive measures to prepare for and respond to public health threats, including the public health emergency involving Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID–19), which was declared by the Secretary of Health and Human Services on February 4, 2020, pursuant to section 564 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb–3). We must ensure that our healthcare providers have full access to the products they need. On March 10, 2020, the Secretary of Health and Human Services took action by issuing a declaration pursuant to section 319F–3 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–6d), which will help bring products necessary for addressing the epidemic to healthcare providers across the Nation. Unfortunately, at present, public health experts anticipate shortages in the supply of personal respiratory devices (respirators) available for use by healthcare workers in mitigating further transmission of COVID–19.
To help prevent the spread of COVID–19, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall take all appropriate and necessary steps with respect to general use respirators to facilitate their emergency use by healthcare personnel in healthcare facilities and elsewhere, including under the authorities granted by section 319F–3 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–6d) and section 564 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb–3). Additionally, the Secretary of Labor shall consider all appropriate and necessary steps to increase the availability of respirators.
The Secretary of Health and Human Services is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.
§360bbb–3a. Emergency use of medical products
(1) Eligible product
The term "eligible product" means a product that—
(A) is approved or cleared under this subchapter, conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title, or licensed under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262];
(B)(i) is intended for use to prevent, diagnose, or treat a disease or condition involving a biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents; or
(ii) is intended for use to prevent, diagnose, or treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition caused by a product described in clause (i); and
(C) is intended for use during the circumstances under which—
(i) a determination described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of section 360bbb–3(b)(1) of this title has been made by the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary, respectively; or
(ii) the identification of a material threat described in subparagraph (D) of section 360bbb–3(b)(1) of this title has been made pursuant to section 319F–2 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 247d–6b].
The term "product" means a drug, device, or biological product.
(b) Expiration dating
The Secretary may extend the expiration date and authorize the introduction or delivery for introduction into interstate commerce of an eligible product after the expiration date provided by the manufacturer if—
(A) the expiration date extension is intended to support the United States ability to protect—
(i) the public health; or
(ii) military preparedness and effectiveness; and
(B) the expiration date extension is supported by an appropriate scientific evaluation that is conducted or accepted by the Secretary.
(2) Requirements and conditions
Any extension of an expiration date under paragraph (1) shall, as part of the extension, identify—
(A) each specific lot, batch, or other unit of the product for which extended expiration is authorized;
(B) the duration of the extension; and
(C) any other requirements or conditions as the Secretary may deem appropriate for the protection of the public health, which may include requirements for, or conditions on, product sampling, storage, packaging or repackaging, transport, labeling, notice to product recipients, recordkeeping, periodic testing or retesting, or product disposition.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.], an eligible product shall not be considered an unapproved product (as defined in section 360bbb–3(a)(2)(A) of this title) and shall not be deemed adulterated or misbranded under this chapter because, with respect to such product, the Secretary has, under paragraph (1), extended the expiration date and authorized the introduction or delivery for introduction into interstate commerce of such product after the expiration date provided by the manufacturer.
(4) Expiration date
For purposes of this subsection, the term "expiration date" means the date established through appropriate stability testing required by the regulations issued by the Secretary to ensure that the product meets applicable standards of identity, strength, quality, and purity at the time of use.
(c) Current good manufacturing practice
The Secretary may, when the circumstances of a domestic, military, or public health emergency or material threat described in subsection (a)(1)(C) so warrant, authorize, with respect to an eligible product, deviations from current good manufacturing practice requirements otherwise applicable to the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of products subject to regulation under this chapter, including requirements under section 351 or 360j(f)(1) of this title or applicable conditions prescribed with respect to the eligible product by an order under section 360j(f)(2) of this title.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.], an eligible product shall not be considered an unapproved product (as defined in section 360bbb–3(a)(2)(A) of this title) and shall not be deemed adulterated or misbranded under this chapter because, with respect to such product, the Secretary has authorized deviations from current good manufacturing practices under paragraph (1).
(d) Emergency dispensing
The requirements of subsections (b) and (f) of section 353, section 354, and section 360j(e) of this title shall not apply to an eligible product, and the product shall not be considered an unapproved product (as defined in section 360bbb–3(a)(2)(A) of this title) and shall not be deemed adulterated or misbranded under this chapter because it is dispensed without an individual prescription, if—
(1) the product is dispensed during the circumstances described in subsection (a)(1)(C); and
(2) such dispensing without an individual prescription occurs—
(A) as permitted under the law of the State in which the product is dispensed; or
(B) in accordance with an order issued by the Secretary, for the purposes and duration of the circumstances described in subsection (a)(1)(C).
(e) Emergency use instructions
The Secretary, acting through an appropriate official within the Department of Health and Human Services, may create and issue emergency use instructions to inform health care providers or individuals to whom an eligible product is to be administered concerning such product's approved, licensed, or cleared conditions of use.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter or the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.], a product shall not be considered an unapproved product and shall not be deemed adulterated or misbranded under this chapter because of the issuance of emergency use instructions under paragraph (1) with respect to such product or the introduction or delivery for introduction of such product into interstate commerce accompanied by such instructions—
(A) during an emergency response to an actual emergency that is the basis for a determination described in subsection (a)(1)(C); or
(B) by a government entity (including a Federal, State, local, or tribal government entity), or a person acting on behalf of such a government entity, in preparation for an emergency response.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §564A, as added Pub. L. 113–5, title III, §302(b), Mar. 13, 2013, 127 Stat. 183; amended Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3088(c), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 116–22, title VII, §705(c), June 24, 2019, 133 Stat. 964.)
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(3), (c)(2), and (e)(2), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§201 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
2019—Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 116–22 substituted "subsection (a)(1)(C)" for "subsection (a)(1)(C)(i)".
2016—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(c)(1), inserted ", conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title," after "subchapter".
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(c)(2), substituted "subsections (b) and (f) of section 353, section 354, and section 360j(e) of this title" for "sections 353(b) and 360j(e) of this title" in introductory provisions.
§360bbb–3b. Products held for emergency use
It is not a violation of any section of this chapter or of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.] for a government entity (including a Federal, State, local, or tribal government entity), or a person acting on behalf of such a government entity, to introduce into interstate commerce a product (as defined in section 360bbb–3(a)(4) of this title) intended for emergency use, if that product—
(1) is intended to be held and not used; and
(2) is held and not used, unless and until that product—
(A) is approved, cleared, or licensed under section 355, 360(k), 360b, or 360e of this title or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262] or conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title;
(B) is authorized for investigational use under section 355, 360b, or 360j of this title or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262]; or
(C) is authorized for use under section 360bbb–3 of this title or section 360bbb–3a of this title.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §564B, as added Pub. L. 113–5, title III, §302(d), Mar. 13, 2013, 127 Stat. 185; amended Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3088(d), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 116–22, title VII, §705(d), June 24, 2019, 133 Stat. 964.)
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in text, is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§201 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
2019—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 116–22, §705(d)(1), inserted comma after "355".
Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 116–22, §705(d)(2), inserted "or section 360bbb–3a of this title" before period at end.
2016—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(d)(1), substituted "360b, or 360e of this title" for "or 360e of this title" and inserted "or conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title" after "Public Health Service Act".
Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 114–255, §3088(d)(2), substituted "360b, or 360j of this title" for "or 360j of this title".
§360bbb–3c. Expedited development and review of medical products for emergency uses
The Secretary of Defense may request that the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, take actions to expedite the development of a medical product, review of investigational new drug applications under section 355(i) of this title, review of investigational device exemptions under section 360j(g) of this title, and review of applications for approval and clearance of medical products under sections 355, 360(k), and 360e of this title and section 262 of title 42, including applications for licensing of vaccines or blood as biological products under such section 262 of title 42, or applications for review of regenerative medicine advanced therapy products under section 356(g) of this title, if there is a military emergency, or significant potential for a military emergency, involving a specific and imminently life-threatening risk to United States military forces of attack with an agent or agents, and the medical product that is the subject of such application, submission, or notification would be reasonably likely to diagnose, prevent, treat, or mitigate such life-threatening risk.
(2) Actions
Upon a request by the Secretary of Defense under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall take action to expedite the development and review of an applicable application or notification with respect to a medical product described in paragraph (1), which may include, as appropriate—
(A) holding meetings with the sponsor and the review team throughout the development of the medical product;
(B) providing timely advice to, and interactive communication with, the sponsor regarding the development of the medical product to ensure that the development program to gather the nonclinical and clinical data necessary for approval or clearance is as efficient as practicable;
(C) involving senior managers and experienced review staff, as appropriate, in a collaborative, cross-disciplinary review;
(D) assigning a cross-disciplinary project lead for the review team to facilitate an efficient review of the development program and to serve as a scientific liaison between the review team and the sponsor;
(E) taking steps to ensure that the design of the clinical trials is as efficient as practicable, when scientifically appropriate, such as by minimizing the number of patients exposed to a potentially less efficacious treatment;
(F) applying any applicable Food and Drug Administration program intended to expedite the development and review of a medical product; and
(G) in appropriate circumstances, permitting expanded access to the medical product during the investigational phase, in accordance with applicable requirements of the Food and Drug Administration.
(3) Enhanced collaboration and communication
In order to facilitate enhanced collaboration and communication with respect to the most current priorities of the Department of Defense—
(A) the Food and Drug Administration shall meet with the Department of Defense and any other appropriate development partners, such as the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, on a semi-annual basis for the purposes of conducting a full review of the relevant products in the Department of Defense portfolio; and
(B) the Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research shall meet quarterly with the Department of Defense to discuss the development status of regenerative medicine advanced therapy, blood, and vaccine medical products and projects that are the highest priorities to the Department of Defense (which may include freeze dried plasma products and platelet alternatives),
unless the Secretary of Defense determines that any such meetings are not necessary.
(4) Medical product
In this subsection, the term "medical product" means a drug (as defined in section 321 of this title), a device (as defined in such section 321 of this title), or a biological product (as defined in section 262 of title 42).
(Pub. L. 115–92, §1(b), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 2023.)
Section was enacted as part of Pub. L. 115–92, and not as part of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act which comprises this chapter.
§360bbb–4. Countermeasure development, review, and technical assistance
(1) the term "countermeasure" means a qualified countermeasure, a security countermeasure, and a qualified pandemic or epidemic product;
(2) the term "qualified countermeasure" has the meaning given such term in section 247d–6a of title 42;
(3) the term "security countermeasure" has the meaning given such term in section 247d–6b of title 42; and
(4) the term "qualified pandemic or epidemic product" means a product that meets the definition given such term in section 247d–6d of title 42 and—
(A) that has been identified by the Department of Health and Human Services or the Department of Defense as receiving funding directly related to addressing chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear threats, including pandemic influenza; or
(B) is included under this paragraph pursuant to a determination by the Secretary.
(b) General duties
In order to accelerate the development, stockpiling, approval, licensure, and clearance of qualified countermeasures, security countermeasures, and qualified pandemic or epidemic products, the Secretary, in consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, shall—
(1) ensure the appropriate involvement of Food and Drug Administration personnel in interagency activities related to countermeasure advanced research and development, consistent with sections 247d–6, 247d–6a, 247d–6b, 247d–6d, 247d–7e, and 300hh–10 of title 42;
(2) ensure the appropriate involvement and consultation of Food and Drug Administration personnel in any flexible manufacturing activities carried out under section 247d–7e of title 42, including with respect to meeting regulatory requirements set forth in this chapter;
(3) promote countermeasure expertise within the Food and Drug Administration by—
(A) ensuring that Food and Drug Administration personnel involved in reviewing countermeasures for approval, licensure, or clearance are informed by the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response on the material threat assessment conducted under section 247d–6b of title 42 for the agent or agents for which the countermeasure under review is intended;
(B) training Food and Drug Administration personnel regarding review of countermeasures for approval, licensure, or clearance;
(C) holding public meetings at least twice annually to encourage the exchange of scientific ideas; and
(D) establishing protocols to ensure that countermeasure reviewers have sufficient training or experience with countermeasures;
(4) maintain teams, composed of Food and Drug Administration personnel with expertise on countermeasures, including specific countermeasures, populations with special clinical needs (including children and pregnant women that may use countermeasures, as applicable and appropriate), classes or groups of countermeasures, or other countermeasure-related technologies and capabilities, that shall—
(A) consult with countermeasure experts, including countermeasure sponsors and applicants, to identify and help resolve scientific issues related to the approval, licensure, or clearance of countermeasures, through workshops or public meetings; and
(B) improve and advance the science relating to the development of new tools, standards, and approaches to assessing and evaluating countermeasures—
(i) in order to inform the process for countermeasure approval, clearance, and licensure; and
(ii) with respect to the development of countermeasures for populations with special clinical needs, including children and pregnant women, in order to meet the needs of such populations, as necessary and appropriate; and
(5) establish within the Food and Drug Administration a team of experts on manufacturing and regulatory activities (including compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice) to provide both off-site and on-site technical assistance to the manufacturers of qualified countermeasures (as defined in section 247d–6a of title 42), security countermeasures (as defined in section 247d–6b of title 42), or vaccines, at the request of such a manufacturer and at the discretion of the Secretary, if the Secretary determines that a shortage or potential shortage may occur in the United States in the supply of such vaccines or countermeasures and that the provision of such assistance would be beneficial in helping alleviate or avert such shortage.
(c) Final guidance on development of animal models
Not later than 1 year after March 13, 2013, the Secretary shall provide final guidance to industry regarding the development of animal models to support approval, clearance, or licensure of countermeasures referred to in subsection (a) when human efficacy studies are not ethical or feasible.
(2) Authority to extend deadline
The Secretary may extend the deadline for providing final guidance under paragraph (1) by not more than 6 months upon submission by the Secretary of a report on the status of such guidance to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate.
(d) Development and animal modeling procedures
(1) Availability of animal model meetings
To facilitate the timely development of animal models and support the development, stockpiling, licensure, approval, and clearance of countermeasures, the Secretary shall, not later than 180 days after March 13, 2013, establish a procedure by which a sponsor or applicant that is developing a countermeasure for which human efficacy studies are not ethical or practicable, and that has an approved investigational new drug application or investigational device exemption, may request and receive—
(A) a meeting to discuss proposed animal model development activities; and
(B) a meeting prior to initiating pivotal animal studies.
(2) Pediatric models
To facilitate the development and selection of animal models that could translate to pediatric studies, any meeting conducted under paragraph (1) shall include discussion of animal models for pediatric populations, as appropriate.
(e) Review and approval of countermeasures
(1) Material threat
When evaluating an application or submission for approval, licensure, or clearance of a countermeasure, the Secretary shall take into account the material threat posed by the chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents identified under section 247d–6b of title 42 for which the countermeasure under review is intended.
(2) Review expertise
When practicable and appropriate, teams of Food and Drug Administration personnel reviewing applications or submissions described under paragraph (1) shall include a reviewer with sufficient training or experience with countermeasures pursuant to the protocols established under subsection (b)(3)(D).
(f) Regulatory management plan
In this subsection, the term "eligible countermeasure" means—
(A) a security countermeasure with respect to which the Secretary has entered into a procurement contract under section 247d–6b(c) of title 42; or
(B) a countermeasure with respect to which the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority has provided funding under section 247d–7e of title 42 for advanced research and development.
(2) Regulatory management plan process
The Secretary, in consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response and the Director of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, shall establish a formal process for obtaining scientific feedback and interactions regarding the development and regulatory review of eligible countermeasures by facilitating the development of written regulatory management plans in accordance with this subsection.
The Secretary shall make available on the internet website of the Food and Drug Administration information regarding regulatory management plans, including—
(A) the process by which an applicant may submit a request for a regulatory management plan;
(B) the timeframe by which the Secretary is required to respond to such request;
(C) the information required for the submission of such request;
(D) a description of the types of development milestones and performance targets that could be discussed and included in such plans; and
(E) contact information for beginning the regulatory management plan process.
(4) Submission of request and proposed plan by sponsor or applicant
A sponsor or applicant of an eligible countermeasure may initiate the process described under paragraph (2) upon submission of a written request to the Secretary. Such request shall include a proposed regulatory management plan.
(B) Timing of submission
A sponsor or applicant may submit a written request under subparagraph (A) after the eligible countermeasure has an investigational new drug or investigational device exemption in effect.
(C) Response by Secretary
The Secretary shall direct the Food and Drug Administration, upon submission of a written request by a sponsor or applicant under subparagraph (A), to work with the sponsor or applicant to agree on a regulatory management plan within a reasonable time not to exceed 90 days. If the Secretary determines that no plan can be agreed upon, the Secretary shall provide to the sponsor or applicant, in writing, the scientific or regulatory rationale why such agreement cannot be reached.
(5) Plan
The content of a regulatory management plan agreed to by the Secretary and a sponsor or applicant shall include—
(A) an agreement between the Secretary and the sponsor or applicant regarding developmental milestones that will trigger responses by the Secretary as described in subparagraph (B);
(B) performance targets and goals for timely and appropriate responses by the Secretary to the triggers described under subparagraph (A), including meetings between the Secretary and the sponsor or applicant, written feedback, decisions by the Secretary, and other activities carried out as part of the development and review process; and
(C) an agreement on how the plan shall be modified, if needed.
(6) Milestones and performance targets
The developmental milestones described in paragraph (5)(A) and the performance targets and goals described in paragraph (5)(B) shall include—
(A) feedback from the Secretary regarding the data required to support the approval, clearance, or licensure of the eligible countermeasure involved;
(B) feedback from the Secretary regarding the data necessary to inform any authorization under section 360bbb–3 of this title;
(C) feedback from the Secretary regarding the data necessary to support the positioning and delivery of the eligible countermeasure, including to the Strategic National Stockpile;
(D) feedback from the Secretary regarding the data necessary to support the submission of protocols for review under section 355(b)(5)(B) of this title;
(E) feedback from the Secretary regarding any gaps in scientific knowledge that will need resolution prior to approval, licensure, or clearance of the eligible countermeasure and plans for conducting the necessary scientific research;
(F) identification of the population for which the countermeasure sponsor or applicant seeks approval, licensure, or clearance and the population for which desired labeling would not be appropriate, if known; and
(G) as necessary and appropriate, and to the extent practicable, a plan for demonstrating safety and effectiveness in pediatric populations, and for developing pediatric dosing, formulation, and administration with respect to the eligible countermeasure, provided that such plan would not delay authorization under section 360bbb–3 of this title, approval, licensure, or clearance for adults.
(7) Prioritization
(A) Plans for security countermeasures
The Secretary shall establish regulatory management plans for all security countermeasures for which a request is submitted under paragraph (4)(A).
(B) Plans for other eligible countermeasures
The Secretary shall determine whether resources are available to establish regulatory management plans for eligible countermeasures that are not security countermeasures. If resources are available to establish regulatory management plans for eligible countermeasures that are not security countermeasures, and if resources are not available to establish regulatory management plans for all eligible countermeasures for which requests have been submitted, the Director of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, in consultation with the Commissioner, shall prioritize which eligible countermeasures may receive regulatory management plans.
(g) Annual report
Not later than 180 days after March 13, 2013, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall make publicly available on the Web site of the Food and Drug Administration a report that details the countermeasure development and review activities of the Food and Drug Administration, including—
(1) with respect to the development of new tools, standards, and approaches to assess and evaluate countermeasures—
(A) the identification of the priorities of the Food and Drug Administration and the progress made on such priorities; and
(B) the identification of scientific gaps that impede the development, approval, licensure, or clearance of countermeasures for populations with special clinical needs, including children and pregnant women, and the progress made on resolving these challenges;
(2) with respect to countermeasures for which a regulatory management plan has been agreed upon under subsection (f), the extent to which the performance targets and goals set forth in subsection (f)(4)(B) and the regulatory management plan have been met, including, for each such countermeasure—
(A) whether the regulatory management plan was completed within the required timeframe, and the length of time taken to complete such plan;
(B) whether the Secretary adhered to the timely and appropriate response times set forth in such plan; and
(C) explanations for any failure to meet such performance targets and goals;
(3) the number of regulatory teams established pursuant to subsection (b)(4), the number of products, classes of products, or technologies assigned to each such team, and the number of, type of, and any progress made as a result of consultations carried out under subsection (b)(4)(A);
(4) an estimate of resources obligated to countermeasure development and regulatory assessment, including—
(A) Center-specific objectives and accomplishments; and
(B) the number of full-time equivalent employees of the Food and Drug Administration who directly support the review of countermeasures;
(5) the number of countermeasure applications and submissions submitted, the number of countermeasures approved, licensed, or cleared, the status of remaining submitted applications and submissions, and the number of each type of authorization issued pursuant to section 360bbb–3 of this title;
(6) the number of written requests for a regulatory management plan submitted under subsection (f)(3)(A), the number of regulatory management plans developed, and the number of such plans developed for security countermeasures; and
(7) the number, type, and frequency of meetings between the Food and Drug Administration and—
(A) sponsors of a countermeasure as defined in subsection (a); or
(B) another agency engaged in development or management of portfolios for such countermeasures, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, the National Institutes of Health, and the appropriate agencies of the Department of Defense.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §565, as added Pub. L. 109–417, title IV, §404, Dec. 19, 2006, 120 Stat. 2875; amended Pub. L. 113–5, title III, §§303–306, Mar. 13, 2013, 127 Stat. 185–190; Pub. L. 116–22, title V, §503, June 24, 2019, 133 Stat. 951.)
2019—Subsec. (f)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 116–22, §503(1), (2), added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5), respectively. Former par. (5) redesignated (6).
Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 116–22, §503(1), (3), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and, in introductory provisions, substituted "paragraph (5)(A)" for "paragraph (4)(A)" and "paragraph (5)(B)" for "paragraph (4)(B)". Former par. (6) redesignated (7).
Subsec. (f)(7). Pub. L. 116–22, §503(1), redesignated par. (6) as (7).
Subsec. (f)(7)(A). Pub. L. 116–22, §503(4), substituted "paragraph (4)(A)" for "paragraph (3)(A)".
2013—Pub. L. 113–5, §304(1), substituted "Countermeasure development, review, and technical assistance" for "Technical assistance" in section catchline.
Pub. L. 113–5, §303, designated existing provisions as subsec. (b) and inserted heading.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–5, §303, added subsec. (a).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–5, §304(2), reenacted heading without change, substituted "In order to accelerate the development, stockpiling, approval, licensure, and clearance of qualified countermeasures, security countermeasures, and qualified pandemic or epidemic products, the Secretary, in consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, shall—" for "The Secretary, in consultation with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall", added pars. (1) to (4), and designated remainder of existing provisions as par. (5).
Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 113–5, §304(3), added subsecs. (c) to (e).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 113–5, §305, added subsec. (f).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 113–5, §306, added subsec. (g).
Predictable Review Timelines of Vaccines by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3091, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1149, provided that:
"(a) Consideration of New Vaccines.—Upon the licensure of any vaccine or any new indication for a vaccine, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (in this section referred to as the 'Advisory Committee') shall, as appropriate, consider the use of the vaccine at its next regularly scheduled meeting.
"(b) Additional Information.—If the Advisory Committee does not make a recommendation with respect to the use of a vaccine at the Advisory Committee's first regularly scheduled meeting after the licensure of the vaccine or any new indication for the vaccine, the Advisory Committee shall provide an update on the status of such committee's review.
"(c) Consideration for Breakthrough Therapies and for Potential Use During Public Health Emergency.—The Advisory Committee shall make recommendations with respect to the use of certain vaccines in a timely manner, as appropriate, including vaccines that—
"(1) are designated as a breakthrough therapy under section 506 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 356) and licensed under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 262); or
"(2) could be used in a public health emergency.
"(d) Definition.—In this section, the terms 'Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' and 'Advisory Committee' mean the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices established by the Secretary pursuant to section 222 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 217a), acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."
§360bbb–4a. Priority review to encourage treatments for agents that present national security threats
(1) Human drug application
The term "human drug application" has the meaning given such term in section 379g(1) of this title.
(2) Priority review
The term "priority review", with respect to a human drug application, means review and action by the Secretary on such application not later than 6 months after receipt by the Secretary of such application, as described in the Manual of Policies and Procedures in the Food and Drug Administration and goals identified in the letters described in section 101(b) of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act.
(3) Priority review voucher
The term "priority review voucher" means a voucher issued by the Secretary to the sponsor of a material threat medical countermeasure application that entitles the holder of such voucher to priority review of a single human drug application submitted under section 355(b)(1) of this title or section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)] after the date of approval of the material threat medical countermeasure application.
(4) Material threat medical countermeasure application
The term "material threat medical countermeasure application" means an application that—
(A) is a human drug application for a drug intended for use—
(i) to prevent, or treat harm from a biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent identified as a material threat under section 319F–2(c)(2)(A)(ii) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 247d–6b(c)(2)(A)(ii)]; or
(ii) to mitigate, prevent, or treat harm from a condition that may result in adverse health consequences or death and may be caused by administering a drug, or biological product against such agent; and
(B) the Secretary determines eligible for priority review;
(C) is approved after December 13, 2016; and
(D) is for a human drug, no active ingredient (including any ester or salt of the active ingredient) of which has been approved in any other application under section 355(b)(1) of this title or section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)].
(b) Priority review voucher
The Secretary shall award a priority review voucher to the sponsor of a material threat medical countermeasure application upon approval by the Secretary of such material threat medical countermeasure application.
(2) Transferability
The sponsor of a material threat medical countermeasure application that receives a priority review voucher under this section may transfer (including by sale) the entitlement to such voucher to a sponsor of a human drug for which an application under section 355(b)(1) of this title or section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)] will be submitted after the date of the approval of the material threat medical countermeasure application. There is no limit on the number of times a priority review voucher may be transferred before such voucher is used.
The sponsor of a human drug application shall notify the Secretary not later than 90 calendar days prior to submission of the human drug application that is the subject of a priority review voucher of an intent to submit the human drug application, including the date on which the sponsor intends to submit the application. Such notification shall be a legally binding commitment to pay for the user fee to be assessed in accordance with this section.
(B) Transfer after notice
The sponsor of a human drug application that provides notification of the intent of such sponsor to use the voucher for the human drug application under subparagraph (A) may transfer the voucher after such notification is provided, if such sponsor has not yet submitted the human drug application described in the notification.
(c) Priority review user fee
The Secretary shall establish a user fee program under which a sponsor of a human drug application that is the subject of a priority review voucher shall pay to the Secretary a fee determined under paragraph (2). Such fee shall be in addition to any fee required to be submitted by the sponsor under subchapter VII.
(2) Fee amount
The amount of the priority review user fee shall be determined each fiscal year by the Secretary and based on the average cost incurred by the agency in the review of a human drug application subject to priority review in the previous fiscal year.
(3) Annual fee setting
The Secretary shall establish, before the beginning of each fiscal year beginning after September 30, 2016, for that fiscal year, the amount of the priority review user fee.
The priority review user fee required by this subsection shall be due upon the submission of a human drug application under section 355(b)(1) of this title or section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)] for which the priority review voucher is used.
(B) Complete application
An application described under subparagraph (A) for which the sponsor requests the use of a priority review voucher shall be considered incomplete if the fee required by this subsection and all other applicable user fees are not paid in accordance with the Secretary's procedures for paying such fees.
(C) No waivers, exemptions, reductions, or refunds
The Secretary may not grant a waiver, exemption, reduction, or refund of any fees due and payable under this section.
(5) Offsetting collections
Fees collected pursuant to this subsection for any fiscal year—
(A) 1 shall be deposited and credited as offsetting collections to the account providing appropriations to the Food and Drug Administration; and
(6) 2 shall not be collected for any fiscal year except to the extent provided in advance in appropriation Acts.
(d) Notice of issuance of voucher and approval of products under voucher
The Secretary shall publish a notice in the Federal Register and on the Internet website of the Food and Drug Administration not later than 30 calendar days after the occurrence of each of the following:
(1) The Secretary issues a priority review voucher under this section.
(2) The Secretary approves a drug pursuant to an application submitted under section 355(b) of this title or section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)] for which the sponsor of the application used a priority review voucher issued under this section.
(e) Eligibility for other programs
Nothing in this section precludes a sponsor who seeks a priority review voucher under this section from participating in any other incentive program, including under this chapter, except that no sponsor of a material threat medical countermeasure application may receive more than one priority review voucher issued under any section of this chapter with respect to such drug.
(f) Relation to other provisions
The provisions of this section shall supplement, not supplant, any other provisions of this chapter or the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.] that encourage the development of medical countermeasures.
(g) Sunset
The Secretary may not award any priority review vouchers under subsection (b) after October 1, 2023.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §565A, as added Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3086, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1144.)
Section 101(b) of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is section 101(b) of Pub. L. 112–144, which is set out as a note under section 379g of this title.
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§201 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
2 So in original. Probably should be designated as subpar. (B).
§360bbb–4b. Medical countermeasure master files
(a) Applicability of reference
A person may submit data and information in a master file to the Secretary with the intent to reference, or to authorize, in writing, another person to reference, such data or information to support a medical countermeasure submission (including a supplement or amendment to any such submission), without requiring the master file holder to disclose the data and information to any such persons authorized to reference the master file. Such data and information shall be available for reference by the master file holder or by a person authorized by the master file holder, in accordance with applicable privacy and confidentiality protocols and regulations.
(2) Reference of certain master files
In the case that data or information within a medical countermeasure master file is used only to support the conditional approval of an application filed under section 360ccc of this title, such master file may be relied upon to support the effectiveness of a product that is the subject of a subsequent medical countermeasure submission only if such application is supplemented by additional data or information to support review and approval in a manner consistent with the standards applicable to such review and approval for such countermeasure, qualified countermeasure, or qualified pandemic or epidemic product.
(b) Medical countermeasure master file content
A master file under this section may include data or information to support—
(A) the development of medical countermeasure submissions to support the approval, licensure, classification, clearance, conditional approval, or authorization of one or more security countermeasures, qualified countermeasures, or qualified pandemic or epidemic products; and
(B) the manufacture of security countermeasures, qualified countermeasures, or qualified pandemic or epidemic products.
(2) Required updates
The Secretary may require, as appropriate, that the master file holder ensure that the contents of such master file are updated during the time such master file is referenced for a medical countermeasure submission.
(c) Sponsor reference
Each incorporation of data or information within a medical countermeasure master file shall describe the incorporated material in a manner in which the Secretary determines appropriate and that permits the review of such information within such master file without necessitating resubmission of such data or information. Master files shall be submitted in an electronic format in accordance with sections 360b(b)(4), 360ccc(a)(4), and 379k–1 of this title, as applicable, and as specified in applicable guidance.
(2) Reference by a master file holder
A master file holder that is the sponsor of a medical countermeasure submission shall notify the Secretary in writing of the intent to reference the medical countermeasure master file as a part of the submission.
(3) Reference by an authorized person
A person submitting an application for review may, where the Secretary determines appropriate, incorporate by reference all or part of the contents of a medical countermeasure master file, if the master file holder authorizes the incorporation in writing.
(d) Acknowledgment of and reliance upon a master file by the Secretary
The Secretary shall provide the master file holder with a written notification indicating that the Secretary has reviewed and relied upon specified data or information within a master file and the purposes for which such data or information was incorporated by reference if the Secretary has reviewed and relied upon such specified data or information to support the approval, classification, conditional approval, clearance, licensure, or authorization of a security countermeasure, qualified countermeasure, or qualified pandemic or epidemic product. The Secretary may rely upon the data and information within the medical countermeasure master file for which such written notification was provided in additional applications, as applicable and appropriate and upon the request of the master file holder so notified in writing or by an authorized person of such holder.
(2) Certain applications
If the Secretary has reviewed and relied upon specified data or information within a medical countermeasure master file to support the conditional approval of an application under section 360ccc of this title to subsequently support the approval, clearance, licensure, or authorization of a security countermeasure, qualified countermeasure, or qualified pandemic or epidemic product, the Secretary shall provide a brief written description to the master file holder regarding the elements of the application fulfilled by the data or information within the master file and how such data or information contained in such application meets the standards of evidence under subsection (c) or (d) of section 355 of this title, subsection (d) of section 360b of this title, or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262] (as applicable), which shall not include any trade secret or confidential commercial information.
(1) limit the authority of the Secretary to approve, license, clear, conditionally approve, or authorize drugs, biological products, or devices pursuant to, as applicable, this Act [this chapter] or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262] (as such applicable Act is in effect on the day before June 24, 2019), including the standards of evidence, and applicable conditions, for approval under the applicable Act;
(2) alter the standards of evidence with respect to approval, licensure, or clearance, as applicable, of drugs, biological products, or devices under this Act [this chapter] or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262], including, as applicable, the substantial evidence standards under sections 355(d) and 360b(d) of this title and section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)]; or
(3) alter the authority of the Secretary under this Act [this chapter] or the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.] to determine the types of data or information previously submitted by a sponsor or any other person that may be incorporated by reference in an application, request, or notification for a drug, biological product, or device submitted under sections 355(i), 355(b), 355(j), 360b(b)(1), 360b(b)(2), 360b(j), 360bbb–3, 360ccc, 360j(g), 360e(c), 360c(f)(2), or 360(k) of this title, or subsection (a) or (k) of section 351 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262], including a supplement or amendment to any such submission, and the requirements associated with such reference.
(1) The term "master file holder" means a person who submits data and information to the Secretary with the intent to reference or authorize another person to reference such data or information to support a medical countermeasure submission, as described in subsection (a).
(2) The term "medical countermeasure submission" means an investigational new drug application under section 355(i) of this title, a new drug application under section 355(b) of this title, or an abbreviated new drug application under section 355(j) of this title, a biological product license application under section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(a)] or a biosimilar biological product license application under section 351(k) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(k)], a new animal drug application under section 360b(b)(1) of this title or abbreviated new animal drug application under section 360b(b)(2) of this title, an application for conditional approval of a new animal drug under section 360ccc of this title, an investigational device application under section 360j(g) of this title, an application with respect to a device under section 360e(c) of this title, a request for classification of a device under section 360c(f)(2) of this title, a notification with respect to a device under section 360(k) of this title, or a request for an emergency use authorization under section 360bbb–3 of this title to support—
(A) the approval, licensure, classification, clearance, conditional approval, or authorization of a security countermeasure, qualified countermeasure, or qualified pandemic or epidemic product; or
(B) a new indication to an approved security countermeasure, qualified countermeasure, or qualified pandemic or epidemic product.
(3) The terms "qualified countermeasure", "security countermeasure", and "qualified pandemic or epidemic product" have the meanings given such terms in sections 319F–1, 319F–2, and 319F–3, respectively, of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 247d–6a, 247d–6b, 247d–6d].
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §565B, as added Pub. L. 116–22, title VI, §603(b), June 24, 2019, 133 Stat. 953.)
This Act, referred to in subsec. (e), is the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, which is classified generally to this chapter (§301 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of this title and Tables.
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(3), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§201 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
Medical Countermeasure Master Files
Pub. L. 116–22, title VI, §603, June 24, 2019, 133 Stat. 953, provided that:
"(a) In General.—The purpose of this section (including section 565B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [this section], as added by subsection (b)) is to support and advance the development or manufacture of security countermeasures, qualified countermeasures, and qualified pandemic or epidemic products by facilitating and encouraging submission of data and information to support the development of such products, and through clarifying the authority to cross-reference to data and information previously submitted to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the 'Secretary'), including data and information submitted to medical countermeasure master files or other master files.
"(b) Medical Countermeasure Master Files.—[Enacted this section.]
"(c) Stakeholder Input.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [June 24, 2019], the Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs and in consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, shall solicit input from stakeholders, including stakeholders developing security countermeasures, qualified countermeasures, or qualified pandemic or epidemic products, and stakeholders developing technologies to assist in the development of such countermeasures with respect to how the Food and Drug Administration can advance the use of tools and technologies to support and advance the development or manufacture of security countermeasures, qualified countermeasures, and qualified pandemic or epidemic products, including through reliance on cross-referenced data and information contained within master files and submissions previously submitted to the Secretary as set forth in section 565B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as added by subsection (b).
"(d) Guidance.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall publish draft guidance about how reliance on cross-referenced data and information contained within master files under section 565B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as added by subsection (b) or submissions otherwise submitted to the Secretary may be used for specific tools or technologies (including platform technologies) that have the potential to support and advance the development or manufacture of security countermeasures, qualified countermeasures, and qualified pandemic or epidemic products. The Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall publish the final guidance not later than 3 years after the enactment of this Act."
§360bbb–5. Critical Path Public-Private Partnerships
The Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, may enter into collaborative agreements, to be known as Critical Path Public-Private Partnerships, with one or more eligible entities to implement the Critical Path Initiative of the Food and Drug Administration by developing innovative, collaborative projects in research, education, and outreach for the purpose of fostering medical product innovation, enabling the acceleration of medical product development, manufacturing, and translational therapeutics, and enhancing medical product safety.
In this section, the term "eligible entity" means an entity that meets each of the following:
(1) The entity is—
(A) an institution of higher education (as such term is defined in section 1001 of title 20) or a consortium of such institutions; or
(B) an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such title.
(2) The entity has experienced personnel and clinical and other technical expertise in the biomedical sciences, which may include graduate training programs in areas relevant to priorities of the Critical Path Initiative.
(3) The entity demonstrates to the Secretary's satisfaction that the entity is capable of—
(A) developing and critically evaluating tools, methods, and processes—
(i) to increase efficiency, predictability, and productivity of medical product development; and
(ii) to more accurately identify the benefits and risks of new and existing medical products;
(B) establishing partnerships, consortia, and collaborations with health care practitioners and other providers of health care goods or services; pharmacists; pharmacy benefit managers and purchasers; health maintenance organizations and other managed health care organizations; health care insurers; government agencies; patients and consumers; manufacturers of prescription drugs, biological products, diagnostic technologies, and devices; and academic scientists; and
(C) securing funding for the projects of a Critical Path Public-Private Partnership from Federal and nonfederal governmental sources, foundations, and private individuals.
The Secretary may not enter into a collaborative agreement under subsection (a) unless the eligible entity involved provides an assurance that the entity will not accept funding for a Critical Path Public-Private Partnership project from any organization that manufactures or distributes products regulated by the Food and Drug Administration unless the entity provides assurances in its agreement with the Food and Drug Administration that the results of the Critical Path Public-Private Partnership project will not be influenced by any source of funding.
Not later than 18 months after September 27, 2007, and annually thereafter, the Secretary, in collaboration with the parties to each Critical Path Public-Private Partnership, shall submit a report to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives—
(1) reviewing the operations and activities of the Partnerships in the previous year; and
(2) addressing such other issues relating to this section as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
In this section, the term "medical product" includes a drug, a biological product as defined in section 262 of title 42, a device, and any combination of such products.
To carry out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $6,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §566, as added Pub. L. 110–85, title VI, §603, Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 898; amended Pub. L. 112–144, title XI, §1102, July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 115–52, title VI, §602, Aug. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1048.)
2017—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–52 substituted "2018 through 2022" for "2013 through 2017".
2012—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 112–144 amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "To carry out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012."
§360bbb–6. Risk communication
(a) Advisory Committee on Risk Communication
The Secretary shall establish an advisory committee to be known as the "Advisory Committee on Risk Communication" (referred to in this section as the "Committee").
(2) Duties of Committee
The Committee shall advise the Commissioner on methods to effectively communicate risks associated with the products regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.
The Secretary shall ensure that the Committee is composed of experts on risk communication, experts on the risks described in subsection (b), and representatives of patient, consumer, and health professional organizations.
(4) Permanence of Committee
Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act shall not apply to the Committee established under this subsection.
(b) Partnerships for risk communication
The Secretary shall partner with professional medical societies, medical schools, academic medical centers, and other stakeholders to develop robust and multi-faceted systems for communication to health care providers about emerging postmarket drug risks.
The systems developed under paragraph (1) shall—
(A) account for the diversity among physicians in terms of practice, willingness to adopt technology, and medical specialty; and
(B) include the use of existing communication channels, including electronic communications, in place at the Food and Drug Administration.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §567, as added Pub. L. 110–85, title IX, §917, Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 960.)
Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is section 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
§360bbb–7. Notification
(a) Notification to Secretary
With respect to a drug, the Secretary may require notification to the Secretary by a regulated person if the regulated person knows—
(1) that the use of such drug in the United States may result in serious injury or death;
(2) of a significant loss or known theft of such drug intended for use in the United States; or
(3) that—
(A) such drug has been or is being counterfeited; and
(B)(i) the counterfeit product is in commerce in the United States or could be reasonably expected to be introduced into commerce in the United States; or
(ii) such drug has been or is being imported into the United States or may reasonably be expected to be offered for import into the United States.
(b) Manner of notification
Notification under this section shall be made in such manner and by such means as the Secretary may specify by regulation or guidance.
Nothing in this section shall be construed as limiting any other authority of the Secretary to require notifications related to a drug under any other provision of this chapter or the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.].
In this section, the term "regulated person" means—
(1) a person who is required to register under section 360 or 381(s) of this title;
(2) a wholesale distributor of a drug product; or
(3) any other person that distributes drugs except a person that distributes drugs exclusively for retail sale.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §568, as added Pub. L. 112–144, title VII, §715(b), July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1075.)
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§201 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
§360bbb–8. Consultation with external experts on rare diseases, targeted therapies, and genetic targeting of treatments
For the purpose of promoting the efficiency of and informing the review by the Food and Drug Administration of new drugs and biological products for rare diseases and drugs and biological products that are genetically targeted, the following shall apply:
(1) Consultation with stakeholders
Consistent with sections X.C and IX.E.4 of the PDUFA Reauthorization Performance Goals and Procedures Fiscal Years 2013 through 2017, as referenced in the letters described in section 101(b) of the Prescription Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012, the Secretary shall ensure that opportunities exist, at a time the Secretary determines appropriate, for consultations with stakeholders on the topics described in subsection (b).
(2) Consultation with external experts
The Secretary shall develop and maintain a list of external experts who, because of their special expertise, are qualified to provide advice on rare disease issues, including topics described in subsection (b). The Secretary may, when appropriate to address a specific regulatory question, consult such external experts on issues related to the review of new drugs and biological products for rare diseases and drugs and biological products that are genetically targeted, including the topics described in subsection (b), when such consultation is necessary because the Secretary lacks the specific scientific, medical, or technical expertise necessary for the performance of the Secretary's regulatory responsibilities and the necessary expertise can be provided by the external experts.
(B) External experts
For purposes of subparagraph (A), external experts are individuals who possess scientific or medical training that the Secretary lacks with respect to one or more rare diseases.
(b) Topics for consultation
Topics for consultation pursuant to this section may include—
(1) rare diseases;
(2) the severity of rare diseases;
(3) the unmet medical need associated with rare diseases;
(4) the willingness and ability of individuals with a rare disease to participate in clinical trials;
(5) an assessment of the benefits and risks of therapies to treat rare diseases;
(6) the general design of clinical trials for rare disease populations and subpopulations; and
(7) the demographics and the clinical description of patient populations.
(c) Classification as special government employees
The external experts who are consulted under this section may be considered special government employees, as defined under section 202 of title 18.
(d) Protection of confidential information and trade secrets
(1) Rule of construction
Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter the protections offered by laws, regulations, and policies governing disclosure of confidential commercial or trade secret information, and any other information exempt from disclosure pursuant to section 552(b) of title 5 as such provisions would be applied to consultation with individuals and organizations prior to July 9, 2012.
(2) Consent required for disclosure
The Secretary shall not disclose confidential commercial or trade secret information to an expert consulted under this section without the written consent of the sponsor unless the expert is a special government employee (as defined under section 202 of title 18) or the disclosure is otherwise authorized by law.
(e) Other consultation
Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the ability of the Secretary to consult with individuals and organizations as authorized prior to July 9, 2012.
(f) No right or obligation
(1) No right to consultation
Nothing in this section shall be construed to create a legal right for a consultation on any matter or require the Secretary to meet with any particular expert or stakeholder.
(2) No altering of goals
Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter agreed upon goals and procedures identified in the letters described in section 101(b) of the Prescription Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012.
(3) No change to number of review cycles
Nothing in this section is intended to increase the number of review cycles as in effect before July 9, 2012.
(g) No delay in product review
Prior to a consultation with an external expert, as described in this section, relating to an investigational new drug application under section 355(i) of this title, a new drug application under section 355(b) of this title, or a biologics license application under section 262 of title 42, the Director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research or the Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (or appropriate Division Director), as appropriate, shall determine that—
(A) such consultation will—
(i) facilitate the Secretary's ability to complete the Secretary's review; and
(ii) address outstanding deficiencies in the application; or
(B) the sponsor authorized such consultation.
The requirements of this subsection shall apply only in instances where the consultation is undertaken solely under the authority of this section. The requirements of this subsection shall not apply to any consultation initiated under any other authority.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §569, as added Pub. L. 112–144, title IX, §903, July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1088; amended Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3101(a)(2)(O), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1154.)
Section 101(b) of the Prescription Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (f)(2), is section 101(b) of Pub. L. 112–144, which is set out as a note under section 379g of this title.
2016—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–255 substituted "subsection (b)" for "subsection (c)" before period in first sentence.
§360bbb–8a. Optimizing global clinical trials
(1) work with other regulatory authorities of similar standing, medical research companies, and international organizations to foster and encourage uniform, scientifically driven clinical trial standards with respect to medical products around the world; and
(2) enhance the commitment to provide consistent parallel scientific advice to manufacturers seeking simultaneous global development of new medical products in order to—
(A) enhance medical product development;
(B) facilitate the use of foreign data; and
(C) minimize the need to conduct duplicative clinical studies, preclinical studies, or nonclinical studies.
(b) Medical product
In this section, the term "medical product" means a drug, as defined in subsection (g) of section 321 of this title, a device, as defined in subsection (h) of such section, or a biological product, as defined in section 351(i) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 262(i)].
Nothing in this section shall alter the criteria for evaluating the safety or effectiveness of a medical product under this chapter or under the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.].
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §569A, as added Pub. L. 112–144, title XI, §1123, July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1113; amended Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3101(a)(2)(P), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1154.)
2016—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–255 inserted "or under the Public Health Service Act" before period at end.
§360bbb–8b. Use of clinical investigation data from outside the United States
In determining whether to approve, license, or clear a drug, biological product, or device pursuant to an application submitted under this subchapter, the Secretary shall accept data from clinical investigations conducted outside of the United States, including the European Union, if the applicant demonstrates that such data are adequate under applicable standards to support approval, licensure, or clearance of the drug, biological product, or device in the United States.
(b) Notice to sponsor
If the Secretary finds under subsection (a) that the data from clinical investigations conducted outside the United States, including in the European Union, are inadequate for the purpose of making a determination on approval, clearance, or licensure of a drug, biological product, or device pursuant to an application submitted under this subchapter, the Secretary shall provide written notice to the sponsor of the application of such finding and include the rationale for such finding.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §569B, as added Pub. L. 112–144, title XI, §1123, July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1113; amended Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3101(a)(2)(Q), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1155.)
2016—Pub. L. 114–255 substituted "drug, biological product, or device" for "drug or device" wherever appearing.
§360bbb–8c. Patient participation in medical product discussion
(a) Patient engagement in drugs and devices
The Secretary shall develop and implement strategies to solicit the views of patients during the medical product development process and consider the perspectives of patients during regulatory discussions, including by—
(A) fostering participation of a patient representative who may serve as a special government employee in appropriate agency meetings with medical product sponsors and investigators; and
(B) exploring means to provide for identification of patient representatives who do not have any, or have minimal, financial interests in the medical products industry.
(2) Protection of proprietary information
Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter the protections offered by laws, regulations, or policies governing disclosure of confidential commercial or trade secret information and any other information exempt from disclosure pursuant to section 552(b) of title 5 as such laws, regulations, or policies would apply to consultation with individuals and organizations prior to July 9, 2012.
(3) Other consultation
(4) No right or obligation
Nothing in this section shall be construed to create a legal right for a consultation on any matter or require the Secretary to meet with any particular expert or stakeholder. Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter agreed upon goals and procedures identified in the letters described in section 101(b) of the Prescription Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012. Nothing in this section is intended to increase the number of review cycles as in effect before July 9, 2012.
(5) Financial interest
In this section, the term "financial interest" means a financial interest under section 208(a) of title 18.
(b) Statement of patient experience
Following the approval of an application that was submitted under section 355(b) of this title or section 262(a) of title 42 at least 180 days after December 13, 2016, the Secretary shall make public a brief statement regarding the patient experience data and related information, if any, submitted and reviewed as part of such application.
(2) Data and information
The data and information referred to in paragraph (1) are—
(A) patient experience data;
(B) information on patient-focused drug development tools; and
(C) other relevant information, as determined by the Secretary.
(c) Patient experience data
For purposes of this section, the term "patient experience data" includes data that—
(1) are collected by any persons (including patients, family members and caregivers of patients, patient advocacy organizations, disease research foundations, researchers, and drug manufacturers); and
(2) are intended to provide information about patients' experiences with a disease or condition, including—
(A) the impact (including physical and psychosocial impacts) of such disease or condition, or a related therapy or clinical investigation on patients' lives; and
(B) patient preferences with respect to treatment of such disease or condition.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §569C, as added Pub. L. 112–144, title XI, §1137, July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1124; amended Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3001, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1083; Pub. L. 115–52, title VI, §605, Aug. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1048.)
Section 101(b) of the Prescription Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is section 101(b) of Pub. L. 112–144, which is set out as a note under section 379g of this title.
2017—Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–52 substituted "impact (including physical and psychosocial impacts) of such disease or condition, or a related therapy or clinical investigation" for "impact of such disease or condition, or a related therapy,".
2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–255, §3001(1), (2), substituted "Patient engagement in drugs and devices" for "In general" in subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted par. heading, redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1), redesignated subsecs. (b) to (e) as as pars. (2) to (5), respectively, and realigned margins.
Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 114–255, §3001(3), added subsecs. (b) and (c). Former subsecs. (b) and (c) redesignated pars. (2) and (3), respectively, of subsec. (a).
Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 114–255, §3001(2), redesignated subsecs. (d) and (e) as pars. (4) and (5), respectively, of subsec. (a).
Patient-Focused Drug Development Guidance
Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3002, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1084, provided that:
"(a) Publication of Guidance Documents.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 13, 2016], the Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the 'Secretary'), acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall develop a plan to issue draft and final versions of one or more guidance documents, over a period of 5 years, regarding the collection of patient experience data, and the use of such data and related information in drug development. Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a draft version of at least one such guidance document. Not later than 18 months after the public comment period on the draft guidance ends, the Secretary shall issue a revised draft guidance or final guidance.
"(b) Patient Experience Data.—For purposes of this section, the term 'patient experience data' has the meaning given such term in section 569C of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 360bbb–8c] (as added by section 3001).
"(c) Contents.—The guidance documents described in subsection (a) shall address—
"(1) methodological approaches that a person seeking to collect patient experience data for submission to, and proposed use by, the Secretary in regulatory decisionmaking may use, that are relevant and objective and ensure that such data are accurate and representative of the intended population, including methods to collect meaningful patient input throughout the drug development process and methodological considerations for data collection, reporting, management, and analysis;
"(2) methodological approaches that may be used to develop and identify what is most important to patients with respect to burden of disease, burden of treatment, and the benefits and risks in the management of the patient's disease;
"(3) approaches to identifying and developing methods to measure impacts to patients that will help facilitate collection of patient experience data in clinical trials;
"(4) methodologies, standards, and technologies to collect and analyze clinical outcome assessments for purposes of regulatory decisionmaking;
"(5) how a person seeking to develop and submit proposed draft guidance relating to patient experience data for consideration by the Secretary may submit such proposed draft guidance to the Secretary;
"(6) the format and content required for submissions under this section to the Secretary, including with respect to the information described in paragraph (1);
"(7) how the Secretary intends to respond to submissions of information described in paragraph (1), if applicable, including any timeframe for response when such submission is not part of a regulatory application or other submission that has an associated timeframe for response; and
"(8) how the Secretary, if appropriate, anticipates using relevant patient experience data and related information, including with respect to the structured risk-benefit assessment framework described in section 505(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355(d)), to inform regulatory decisionmaking."
Streamlining Patient Input
Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3003, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1085, provided that: "Chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, shall not apply to the collection of information to which a response is voluntary, that is initiated by the Secretary under section 569C of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb–8c) (as amended by section 3001) or section 3002 [set out as a note above]."
§360bbb–8d. Notification, nondistribution, and recall of controlled substances
(a) Order to cease distribution and recall
If the Secretary determines there is a reasonable probability that a controlled substance would cause serious adverse health consequences or death, the Secretary may, after providing the appropriate person with an opportunity to consult with the agency, issue an order requiring manufacturers, importers, distributors, or pharmacists, who distribute such controlled substance to immediately cease distribution of such controlled substance.
An order under paragraph (1) shall provide the person subject to the order with an opportunity for an informal hearing, to be held not later than 10 days after the date of issuance of the order, on whether adequate evidence exists to justify an amendment to the order, and what actions are required by such amended order pursuant to subparagraph (3).
(3) Order resolution
After an order is issued according to the process under paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary shall, except as provided in paragraph (4)—
(A) vacate the order, if the Secretary determines that inadequate grounds exist to support the actions required by the order;
(B) continue the order ceasing distribution of the controlled substance until a date specified in such order; or
(C) amend the order to require a recall of the controlled substance, including any requirements to notify appropriate persons, a timetable for the recall to occur, and a schedule for updates to be provided to the Secretary regarding such recall.
(4) Risk assessment
If the Secretary determines that the risk of recalling a controlled substance presents a greater health risk than the health risk of not recalling such controlled substance from use, an amended order under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (3) shall not include either a recall order for, or an order to cease distribution of, such controlled substance, as applicable.
(5) Action following order
Any person who is subject to an order pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (3) shall immediately cease distribution of or recall, as applicable, the controlled substance and provide notification as required by such order.
(b) Notice to persons affected
If the Secretary determines necessary, the Secretary may require the person subject to an order pursuant to paragraph (1) or an amended order pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (3) to provide either a notice of a recall order for, or an order to cease distribution of, such controlled substance, as applicable, under this section to appropriate persons, including persons who manufacture, distribute, import, or offer for sale such product that is the subject of an order and to the public. In providing such notice, the Secretary may use the assistance of health professionals who prescribed or dispensed such controlled substances.
(c) Nondelegation
An order described in subsection (a)(3) shall be ordered by the Secretary or an official designated by the Secretary. An official may not be so designated under this section unless the official is the Director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research or an official senior to such Director.
(d) Savings clause
Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as limiting—
(1) the authority of the Secretary to issue an order to cease distribution of, or to recall, any drug under any other provision of this chapter or the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.]; or
(2) the ability of the Secretary to request any person to perform a voluntary activity related to any drug subject to this chapter or the Public Health Service Act.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §569D, as added Pub. L. 115–271, title III, §3012(b), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 3935.)
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§201 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.