Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2017208806A1/en
Timestamp: 2018-05-27 04:16:32
Document Index: 711507333

Matched Legal Cases: ['art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 41', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'art 32', 'Application No. 2016']

WO2017208806A1 - Imaging element, method for producing imaging element, and imaging device - Google Patents
Imaging element, method for producing imaging element, and imaging device
WO2017208806A1
WO2017208806A1 PCT/JP2017/018343 JP2017018343W WO2017208806A1 WO 2017208806 A1 WO2017208806 A1 WO 2017208806A1 JP 2017018343 W JP2017018343 W JP 2017018343W WO 2017208806 A1 WO2017208806 A1 WO 2017208806A1
PCT/JP2017/018343
戸木田　裕一
An imaging element according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with: a first electrode and a second electrode, which are arranged so as to face each other; and a photoelectric conversion layer which contains a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and which is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of from 1 × 1010 s-1 to 1 × 1016 s-1 (inclusive) at a p/n junction surface that is formed by the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor.
Preparation and imaging device of the imaging element and the imaging element
The present disclosure relates to an imaging device and a manufacturing method and an imaging apparatus including a photoelectric conversion layer comprising a bulk structure.
Recently, CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor, or in CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) solid-state imaging device such as an image sensor, to obtain a three-color signals of the image pickup device decreases is improved in sensitivity used in a pixel It is. Such imaging devices, for example, in Patent Document 1, in one pixel, for example, made of silicon for detecting a light receiving section formed of an organic semiconductor material for detecting green light, red light and blue light respectively received color image pickup device is disclosed in which a part. Receiving unit for detecting the green light has a bulk structure in which a p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor mixed randomly.
The bulk structure is a p / n junction surface where the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is formed intermingled, exciton charge separation rate in the p / n junction plane, a great influence on the sensitivity of the imaging device give. Thus, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1-3, a method of improving the exciton charge separation rate of p / n junction surface is reported.
JP 2003-332551 JP
V. Lemaur et al., J. Am . Chem. Soc. 127, 6077 (2005) A. Burquel et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 3447 (2006) P. Song et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 15879 (2013)
Incidentally, the image pickup device, in order to meet the needs for miniaturization, further improvement in sensitivity has been demanded for the imaging apparatus.
It is desirable to provide a manufacturing method and an imaging apparatus of the imaging device and an imaging device capable of improving the sensitivity.
Imaging device of an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first electrode and a second electrode arranged opposite, with a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor, photoelectric provided between the first electrode and the second electrode are those in which a conversion layer, the photoelectric conversion layer, p-type 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more in the semiconductor and n-type p / n junction surface formed by the semiconductor 1 × 10 16 s -1 following excitation having a child charge separation rate.
Method of manufacturing an imaging device of an embodiment of the present disclosure may include forming a first electrode, and that on the first electrode, to form a photoelectric conversion layer comprising a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor, photoelectric conversion on the layer, which and forming a second electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer, 1 × 10 10 s -1 or higher at p / n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor 1 × having 10 16 s -1 following exciton charge separation rate.
Imaging device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, for each of a plurality of pixels, those having 1 or more imaging device of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the imaging device manufacturing method and an embodiment of the image pickup element of the image pickup device and an embodiment of an embodiment of the present disclosure, exciton charge separation rate 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more 1 × 10 16 s -1 or less by providing a photoelectric conversion layer having a p / n junction plane, it is possible to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
According to the imaging device manufacturing method and an embodiment of the image pickup element of the image pickup device and an embodiment of an embodiment of the present disclosure, p / n junction surface formed on the photoelectric conversion layer is 1 × 10 10 s - since to have one or more 1 × 10 16 s -1 following exciton charge separation rate, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, it becomes possible to improve the sensitivity.
Is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Is a schematic view showing the molecular orientation in a typical photoelectric conversion layer. It is a schematic view showing an example of orientation of the molecules in the photoelectric conversion layer of the present disclosure. It is a schematic view illustrating another example of the orientation of the molecules in the photoelectric conversion layer. It is a schematic view illustrating another example of the orientation of the molecules in the photoelectric conversion layer. It is a sectional view for explaining the manufacturing method of the imaging device shown in FIG. He is a sectional view illustrating a process following FIG. It is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process following FIG. It is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process following FIG. It is a schematic view illustrating the movement of charges in the photoelectric conversion layer having a bulk structure. It is a model view representing the molecular structure of the sub-phthalocyanines. It is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of creating a surface structure by simulation. It is a functional block diagram of an image pickup apparatus using an image sensor as a pixel shown in FIG. Is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an electronic apparatus using the imaging device shown in FIG. 13.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The order of description is as follows.
1. Embodiment (image sensor molecular orientation having a photoelectric conversion layer that is controlled)
1-1. Configuration of the imaging element 1-2. Manufacturing method of the image pickup device 1-3. Action and effect 2. Application Example
1 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device of an embodiment of the present disclosure (imaging element 10). The imaging device 10 is, for example, a digital still camera, an imaging device such as a CMOS image sensor used in an electronic apparatus such as a video camera; constitutes one pixel in the (imaging apparatus 1 refer to FIG. 13) (the unit pixel P) is there.
(1-1. Configuration of the imaging element)
The imaging device 10 is, for example, one of the organic photoelectric conversion section 20, the two inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, stacked in 32R Togatate direction, it is of the so-called longitudinal spectroscopic. The organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 is provided on the first surface (back surface) 30A side of the semiconductor substrate 30. Inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, 32R is buried in the semiconductor substrate 30 are stacked in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 30. The organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 is configured to include a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor, including a photoelectric conversion layer 22 having a bulk heterojunction structure into the layer. Bulk heterojunction structure is p / n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor are mixed together. In this embodiment, the photoelectric conversion layer 22, an exciton charge separation rate in the p / n junction plane is configured such that 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more 1 × 10 16 s -1 or less .
The organic photoelectric conversion unit 20, the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, and 32R, and performs selectively detect and photoelectrically convert light of different wavelength ranges from each other. Specifically, organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 obtains the color signal of green (G). Inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, 32R is the difference in absorption coefficient, respectively, to obtain the color signals and blue (B) and red (R). Thus, in the image pickup device 10, and can obtain a plurality of types of color signals in one pixel without using a color filter.
In the present embodiment, among the pairs of electrons and holes generated by photoelectric conversion, (the case of a photoelectric conversion layer n-type semiconductor regions) When reading the electrons as signal charges will be described. Further, in the figure, "p" and subjected to "n" "+ (plus)" represents that p-type or n-type impurity concentration of the high, "++" is an impurity concentration of the p-type or n-type indicates that even higher than the "+".
The second surface (surface) 30B of the semiconductor substrate 30 is, for example, a floating diffusion (floating diffusion layer) FD1, FD2, FD3, and vertical transistor (transfer transistor) Tr1, a transfer transistor Tr2, amplifying transistor (modulation element ) and AMP, the reset transistor RST, and the multilayer wiring 40 is provided. Multi-layer wiring 40 is, for example, the wiring layers 41, 42 and 43 has a structure obtained by stacking in the insulating layer 44.
In the drawings, the first surface 30A side light incident side S1 is the semiconductor substrate 30, and the second surface 30B side represents the wiring layer side S2.
The organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 is, for example, the lower electrode 21, the photoelectric conversion layer 22 and the upper electrode 23 has a configurations stacked from the side of the first surface 30A of the semiconductor substrate 30 in this order. The lower electrode 21 is, for example, are separately formed for each image sensor 10. The photoelectric conversion layer 22 and the upper electrode 23 is provided as a continuous layer common to the plurality of image sensor 10. Between the first surface 30A and the lower electrode 21 of the semiconductor substrate 30 is, for example, provided with a layer (fixed charge layer) 24 having a fixed charge, the dielectric layer 25 having an insulating property, and the interlayer insulating layer 26 is It is. On the upper electrode 23, the protective layer 27 is provided. Above the protective layer 27, and an optical member such as a planarization layer and the on-chip lens (both not shown) is disposed.
Between the first surface 30A and second surface 30B of the semiconductor substrate 30, the through electrodes 34 are provided. The organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 via the through electrode 34, the gate Gamp of the amplifier transistor AMP, which is connected to the floating diffusion FD3. Thus, the imaging device 10, the charge generated in the first surface 30A side of the organic photoelectric conversion portion 20 of the semiconductor substrate 30, well transferred to the second surface 30B side of the semiconductor substrate 30 via the through electrodes 34, it is possible to enhance the properties.
Through electrodes 34, for example, each of the image pickup device 10, is provided for each organic photoelectric conversion unit 20. Through electrode 34 has a function as a connector between the gate Gamp and the floating diffusion FD3 organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 and the amplifier transistor AMP, the transmission path (here, electrons) charge generated in the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 it is intended. The lower end of the through electrode 34 is, for example, via the lower first contact 35 is connected to the connection portion 41A of the wiring layer 41 of the multilayer wiring 40. A connecting portion 41A, and the gate Gamp of the amplifier transistor AMP, are connected by a lower second contact 45. A connecting portion 41A, and the floating diffusion FD3, are connected by a lower third contact 46. The upper end of the through electrode 34, for example, is connected to the lower electrode 21 through the upper contact 36.
Next to the floating diffusion FD3, as shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable that the reset gate Grst of the reset transistor RST is disposed. Thus, the charge accumulated in the floating diffusion FD3, it is possible to reset by the reset transistor RST.
Through electrodes 34, as well as through the semiconductor substrate 30, for example, it is separated from the semiconductor substrate 30 by the separation groove 50. Through electrodes 34, for example, the same semiconductor as the semiconductor substrate 30 is constituted by, for example, silicon (Si), n-type or p-type impurities resistance is reduced by being injected (in FIG. 1, for example p +) it is preferable. Further, the upper and lower ends of the through electrodes 34, the high concentration impurity regions (1, for example p ++) is provided, the connection resistance of the connection resistor and a first lower contact 35 between the upper contact 36 is further reduced it is preferred that. Through electrodes 34 may be made of a metal or conductive material. By using the metal or conductive material, the resistance value with further reduction of the through electrode 34, through electrode 34 and the lower first contact 35, the connection resistance between the lower second contact 45 and a lower third contact 46 further reduce it is possible to become. The metal or conductive material constituting the through electrodes 34, aluminum (Al), tungsten (W), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), and the like.
As shown in FIG. 1, the outer surface 51 of the separation groove 50, the inner surface 52 and bottom surface 53 is covered with a dielectric layer 25 having, for example, insulation. The dielectric layer 25 has, for example, an outer dielectric layer 25A that covers the outer surface 51 of the separation groove 50, an inner dielectric layer 25B that covers the inner surface 52 of the separation groove 50. Between the outer dielectric layer 25A and the inner dielectric layer 25B, it is preferable that the cavity 54 is provided. That is, the separation groove 50 is annular or ring, the cavity 54 is an annular or ring forming the separation groove 50 concentrically. Thus, the electrostatic capacitance generated between the through electrode 34 and the semiconductor substrate 30 is reduced, it is possible to suppress delay (residual image) to increase the conversion efficiency.
Also within the semiconductor substrate 30 of outer surface 51 of the separation groove 50, it is preferable that the impurity region of the same conductivity type as the through electrode 34 (n-type or p-type) (FIG. 1 p +) is provided. Furthermore, the outer surface 51 of the separation groove 50, the inner side surface 52 and bottom surface 53, to the first surface 30A of the semiconductor substrate 30, it is preferable that the fixed charge layer 24 is provided. Specifically, for example, provided with a p-type impurity regions (in FIG. 1 p +) in the semiconductor substrate 30 of outer surface 51 of the separation groove 50, providing a film having a negative fixed charge as the fixed charge layer 24 It is preferred. Thus, it is possible to reduce the dark current.
In the imaging device 10 of the present embodiment, light incident on the organic photoelectric conversion section 20 from the upper electrode 23 side is absorbed by the electron acceptor or electron donor in bulk heterojunction interface between the photoelectric conversion layer 22. This is excitons occurs, moves to the interface between the electron donor and the electron acceptor, to dissociate into electrons and holes. Charges generated here (electrons and holes), diffusion and by the density difference between the carrier, the anode (here, the lower electrode 21) and the cathode (here, the upper electrode 23) by an internal electric field due to the work function difference between , transported to the different electrodes, it is detected as photocurrent. Further, by applying a potential between the lower electrode 21 and the upper electrode 23, it is possible to control the electron and hole transport direction.
Hereinafter, the configuration and materials of each portion.
The organic photoelectric converter 20, selective wavelength range (e.g., 495 nm ~ 570 nm) to absorb green light corresponding to the wavelength region of some or all of the electronic - is an organic image sensor for generating a hole pairs .
The lower electrode 21, the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B formed on the semiconductor substrate 30, directly facing the light receiving surface of the 32R, are provided in a region covering the light-receiving surface. The lower electrode 21 is formed of a conductive film having a light transmitting property, for example, composed of ITO (indium tin oxide). However, as the material of the lower electrode 21, in addition to the ITO, tin oxide added with dopant (SnO 2) based material or aluminum-zinc oxide zinc oxide-based material formed by adding a dopant to the (ZnO), it may be used. The zinc oxide-based materials, e.g., aluminum, zinc oxide doped with aluminum (Al) as a dopant (AZO), gallium (Ga) gallium zinc oxide added (GZO), indium (In), indium zinc oxide additives (IZO), and the like. Also, the addition to, CuI, InSbO 4, ZnMgO, CuInO 2, MgIN 2 O 4, CdO, may be used ZnSnO 3, and the like.
The photoelectric conversion layer 22 is to convert light energy into electrical energy. The photoelectric conversion layer 22 is configured to include an organic semiconductor material that functions as a p-type semiconductor or n-type semiconductor. The photoelectric conversion layer 22 in the layer has a bonding surface between the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor (p / n junction plane). p-type semiconductor, which functions as a relatively electron donor (donor), n-type semiconductor is allowed to function as a relatively electron acceptor (acceptor). The photoelectric conversion layer 22, which excitons generated upon absorption of light to provide a place to separate the electrons and holes, in particular, the interface between the electron donor and the electron acceptor (p / in n junction plane), excitons are separated into electrons and holes.
The photoelectric conversion layer 22 of the present embodiment has a configuration in which the orientation of at least one molecule of p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor constituting the photoelectric conversion layer 22 is controlled. FIGS. 2-5, in which the orientation of the molecules of the p-type semiconductor in the photoelectric conversion layer (the molecule A) and n-type semiconductor (molecular B) schematically illustrates. In the photoelectric conversion layer in a general image pickup element, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of molecules A and molecule B contained in the layer is in a state of randomly oriented respectively together. In contrast, in the photoelectric conversion layer 22 of the present embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the orientation of a plurality of molecule A contained in the layer is controlled, a state of being oriented in one direction ing. The molecular orientation is controlled in the photoelectric conversion layer 22 may be a molecule B, as shown in FIG. Furthermore, the photoelectric conversion layer 22 is preferably oriented in both molecule A and molecule B is controlled as shown in FIG. Thus, excitons in p / n junction surface of the photoelectric conversion layer 22 efficiency (exciton charge separation rate) is improved to separate the electrons and holes. More specifically, in the photoelectric conversion layer 22 of the present embodiment, the p / n joint surface, for example, has a 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more exciton charge separation rate. The upper limit of the exciton charge separation rate is not particularly limited but, for example, is 1 × 10 16 s -1 or less.
As the organic semiconductor material constituting the photoelectric conversion layer 22, for example, quinacridone, chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine, pentacene, benzothienopyridine benzothiophene include fullerenes and their derivatives. The photoelectric conversion layer 22 is configured by combining the above organic semiconductor material of two or more. It said organic semiconductor material acts as a p-type semiconductor or n-type semiconductor combination thereof.
Note that the organic semiconductor material constituting the photoelectric conversion layer 22 is not particularly limited. Besides organic semiconductor materials described above, such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene, pyrene, perylene, and fluoranthene or any one of those derivatives is preferably used. Alternatively, phenylenevinylene, fluorene, carbazole, indole, pyrene, pyrrole, picoline, thiophene, acetylene, it may be used polymers or their derivatives diacetylene like. In addition, metal complex dyes, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, phenylxanthene dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, rhodacyanine dyes, xanthene dyes, macrocyclic azaannulene dyes, azulene dyes, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone dyes, condensed polycyclic aromatic and chain compound aromatic or heterocyclic compounds are condensed, such as anthracene and pyrene, or quinoline having a squarylium group and croconic methine group as a bonding chain, benzothiazole, two containing such benzoxazole nitrogen heterocycles, or can be preferably used the bound cyanine similar dyes by squarylium group and croconic methine group. As the above-mentioned metal complex dyes, dithiol metal complex dyes, metal phthalocyanine dyes, metal porphyrin dyes, or ruthenium complex dye is preferably, but is not limited thereto. The thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer 22 is, for example, 50 nm ~ 500 nm.
Between the photoelectric conversion layer 22 and the lower electrode 21, and between the photoelectric conversion layer 22 and the upper electrode 23, other layers for example, may have a buffer layer is provided. In addition, for example, in order from the lower electrode 21 side, the subbing layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a photoelectric conversion layer 22, a hole blocking layer, a buffer layer, an electron transport layer and the work function adjustment layer, etc. are laminated it may be.
The upper electrode 23 is composed of a conductive film having a similar light transparent and the lower electrode 21. In the imaging apparatus 1 using the imaging device 10 as a single pixel, the upper electrode 23 may be separated for each pixel, it may be formed as a common electrode in each pixel. The thickness of the upper electrode 23 is, for example, 10 nm ~ 200 nm.
Fixed charge layer 24 may be a film having a positive fixed charge, it may be a film having a negative fixed charge. As the material of the film having a negative fixed charge, hafnium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide and the like. The lanthanum oxide as a material other than the above, praseodymium oxide, cerium oxide, neodymium oxide, promethium oxide, samarium, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide hole Miumu, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, lutetium , yttrium oxide, aluminum nitride, hafnium oxynitride film, or an aluminum oxynitride film, or the like is also possible.
Fixed charge layer 24 may have a structure obtained by stacking two or more films. Thus, e.g., in the case of the film having the negative fixed charge can further enhance the function of the hole accumulation layer.
The material of the dielectric layer 25 is not particularly limited, including, for example, a silicon oxide film, TEOS, silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film.
Interlayer insulating layer 26 is, for example, silicon oxide, is formed by laminating films made of two or more of either a single layer film, or they consists of one of such as silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride (SiON) .
Protective layer 27 is made of a material having optical transparency, for example, silicon oxide, or become more single-layer film or a multilayer film made of two or more of them, of such as silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride and it is made of. The thickness of the protective film 19 is, for example, 100 nm ~ 30000 nm.
The semiconductor substrate 30 is formed by, for example, n-type silicon (Si) substrate, and a p-well 31 in a predetermined area. The second surface 30B of the p-well 31, vertical transistors Tr1 described above, the transfer transistor Tr2, amplifying transistor AMP, the reset transistor RST and the like. Further, in the peripheral portion of the semiconductor substrate 30, the peripheral circuit comprising a logic circuit or the like (not shown) is provided.
Inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, 32R each have a pn junction in a predetermined region of the semiconductor substrate 30. Inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, 32R is obtained by allowing the wavelength of light absorbed in accordance with the incident depth of the light in the silicon substrate to disperse the light in a vertical direction by utilizing the difference. Inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B is intended to accumulate signal charges corresponding to the blue color to selectively detect blue light, it is installed blue light efficiently to the photoelectric conversion possible depth. Inorganic photoelectric conversion unit 32R is intended to accumulate selectively detect and signal charges corresponding to the red red light is installed red light efficiently photoelectric convertible depth. Incidentally, blue (B), for example wavelength range of 450 nm ~ 495 nm, red (R) is a corresponding color respectively, for example in a wavelength range of 620 nm ~ 750 nm. Inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, 32R, respectively, it is sufficient that can detect light of some or all of a wavelength range of the respective wavelength bands.
Inorganic photoelectric conversion unit 32B, for example, a p + region serving as a hole accumulation layer is configured to include an n region serving as an electron accumulation layer. Inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32R is (has a layered structure of p-n-p), for example, where the p + region to be a hole accumulation layer, and an n region serving as an electron accumulation layer. n region of the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B is connected to a vertical transistor Tr1. p + region of the inorganic photoelectric conversion unit 32B, and bent along the vertical transistors Tr1, is connected to the p + region of the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32R.
Vertical transistor Tr1 is generated in the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, accumulated, the signal charges corresponding to blue (electrons in this embodiment), a transfer transistor for transferring to the floating diffusion FD1. Since the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B is formed in a deeper position from the second surface 30B of the semiconductor substrate 30, it is preferable that the transfer transistors of the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B is constituted by a vertical transistor Tr1.
Transfer transistor Tr2, generated in the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32R, stored, signal charges corresponding to the red (electrons in this embodiment) is intended to be transferred to the floating diffusion FD2, for example it is constituted by MOS transistors ing.
Amplifier transistor AMP is a modulation element that modulates the amount of charge generated in the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 into a voltage, and is composed of, for example, a MOS transistor.
Reset transistor RST is to reset the charge transferred to the floating diffusion FD3 from the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 is composed of, for example, MOS transistors.
First lower contact 35, the lower second contact 45, the lower third contact 46 and the upper contact 36, for example, PDAS (Phosphorus Doped Amorphous Silicon) doped silicon material such as, or aluminum (Al), tungsten (W ), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), hafnium (Hf), and is made of a metal material such as tantalum (Ta).
(1-2. Manufacturing process of the imaging element)
The imaging device 10 of the present embodiment, for example, can be manufactured as follows.
6 to 9 illustrates a method of manufacturing the image pickup device 10 in the order of steps. First, as shown in FIG. 6, the semiconductor substrate 30, inorganic the first p-well 31, for example, as a conductivity type of the well is formed, the second conductivity type in the p-well 31 (e.g., n-type) the photoelectric conversion unit 32B, to form the 32R. In the vicinity the first surface 30A of the semiconductor substrate 30 to form a p + region.
Moreover, as also shown in FIG. 6, the forming region of the through electrode 34 and the separation groove 50, to form impurity regions penetrating from the first surface 30A of the semiconductor substrate 30 to the second surface 30B (p + region). Furthermore, the formation region of the upper and lower ends of the through electrode 34 to form a high concentration impurity regions (p ++ region).
The second surface 30B of the semiconductor substrate 30, as also shown in FIG. 6, after forming the n + region serving as a floating diffusion FD1 ~ FD3, a gate insulating layer 33, vertical transistors Tr1, transfer transistor Tr2, an amplifier forming a gate wiring layer 37 including the gates of the transistors AMP and the reset transistor RST. Thus, vertical transistors Tr1, transfer transistor Tr2, to form the amplifier transistor AMP and the reset transistor RST. Further, on the second surface 30B of the semiconductor substrate 30, a multilayer wiring consists first lower contact 35, the lower second contact 45, the lower third contact 46, the wiring layers 41 to 43 and the insulating layer 44 including the connection part 41A 40 to form.
As the substrate of the semiconductor substrate 30, for example, a semiconductor substrate 30, a buried oxide film (not shown), holding the substrate (not shown) are stacked and a SOI (Silicon on Insulator) used substrate. Buried oxide film and the carrier substrate, although not shown in FIG. 6, it is joined to the first surface 30A of the semiconductor substrate 30. After the ion implantation, an annealing treatment is conducted.
Then, by bonding a supporting substrate (not shown) or other semiconductor substrate such as the second surface 30B side of the semiconductor substrate 30 (multi-layer wiring 40 side), it is turned upside down. Subsequently, to separate the semiconductor substrate 30 from the buried oxide film and the holding substrate of the SOI substrate to expose the first surface 30A of the semiconductor substrate 30. The above steps may be performed by ion implantation and CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) or the like, they have been used in conventional CMOS process technology.
Then, as shown in FIG. 7, for example, dry etching processing the semiconductor substrate 30 from the first surface 30A side, to form a ring or annular isolation trench 50. The depth of the separation groove 50, as shown in arrows D50A in Figure 7, it is preferable that the semiconductor substrate 30 through the first surface 30A to the second surface 30B reaches the gate insulating layer 33. Furthermore, in order to enhance the insulating effect of the bottom surface 53 of the separation groove 50, the separation groove 50, as shown in an arrow D50B 7, the multilayer wiring through the semiconductor substrate 30 and the gate insulating layer 33 40 it is preferable to reach the insulating layer 44. Figure 7 represents the case where the separation grooves 50 extend through the semiconductor substrate 30 and the gate insulating layer 33.
Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 8, formed the outer surface 51 of the separation groove 50, the inner side surface 52 and bottom surface 53, to the first surface 30A of the semiconductor substrate 30, for example, the negative fixed charge layer 24. As a negative fixed charge layer 24 may be stacked two or more films. Thereby, it is possible to further enhance the function of the hole accumulation layer. After forming the negative fixed charge layer 24, a dielectric layers 25 having an outer dielectric layer 25A and the inner dielectric layer 25B. At this time, by adjusting the film thickness and film forming conditions of the dielectric layer 25 adequately, the isolation trench 50 to form a cavity 54 between the outer dielectric layer 25A and the inner dielectric layer 25B.
Next, as shown in FIG. 9, an interlayer insulating layer 26 and the upper contact 36, to connect the upper contact 36 to the upper end of the through electrode 34. Subsequently, on the interlayer insulating layer 26, lower electrode 21, the photoelectric conversion layer 22 to form the upper electrode 23 and the protective layer 27. At this time, the photoelectric conversion layer 22, the organic semiconductor material on the lower electrode 21, for example, after forming, heat treatment or pressure treatment, or both carried out using a coating method. Accordingly, molecular orientation of the organic semiconductor material constituting the photoelectric conversion layer 22 is controlled, it is possible to increase the ratio of p / n junction face having a 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more high exciton charge separation rate. Finally, it disposed such planarization layer optical member and the on-chip lens (not shown). Thus, the imaging device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is completed.
In the imaging device 10, the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20, when light enters through the on-chip lens (not shown), the light, the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20, the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, passes through in the order of 32R, green, blue, is photoelectrically converted for each red color light in its passage process. The following describes the signal acquisition operations for each color.
(Acquisition of the green signal by the organic photoelectric conversion section 20)
Of the light incident to the imaging element 10, first, the green light is selectively detected (absorbed) in the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 to be photoelectrically converted.
The organic photoelectric conversion unit 20, via the through electrodes 34 are connected to the gate Gamp and the floating diffusion FD3 of the amplifier transistor AMP. Therefore, electrons generated in the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 - electron of the hole pairs are removed from the lower electrode 21 side, is transferred to the second surface 30B side of the semiconductor substrate 30 via the through electrode 34, floating diffusion FD3 is stored in. At the same time, the amplifier transistor AMP, amount of charge generated in the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 is modulated voltage.
Also, next to the floating diffusion FD3, the reset gate Grst of the reset transistor RST is disposed. Thus, the charge accumulated in the floating diffusion FD3 is reset by the reset transistor RST.
Here, the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20, via the through electrodes 34, because it is also connected to the floating diffusion FD3 well amplifier transistor AMP, easily reset the charges accumulated in the floating diffusion FD3 by the reset transistor RST it is possible to become.
On the contrary, when the penetrating electrode 34 and the floating diffusion FD3 is not connected, it is difficult to reset the electric charges accumulated in the floating diffusion FD3, be withdrawn to the upper electrode 23 side by applying a large voltage become. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion layer 22 may be damaged. The structure which enables reset in a short time leads to increase of the dark state noise, since a trade-off, this structure is difficult.
(Inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, the blue signal by 32R, the acquisition of the red signal)
Subsequently, in the light that passes through the organic photoelectric conversion unit 20, the blue light inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, the red light in the inorganic photoelectric conversion unit 32R, are respectively absorbed in order to be photoelectrically converted. In the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, electrons corresponding to the blue light incident are accumulated in the n region of the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32B, the accumulated electrons by vertical transistors Tr1 are transferred to the floating diffusion FD1. Similarly, the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32R, the electrons corresponding to the incident red light are accumulated in the n region of the inorganic photoelectric conversion part 32R, the accumulated electrons are transferred to the floating diffusion FD2 by the transfer transistor Tr2.
(1-3. Operation and Effect)
CCD image sensor or the solid-state imaging device such as a CMOS image sensor, has progressed reduction of pixel size. Thus, the sensitivity is reduced since the number of photons incident on a unit pixel is reduced, S / N ratio is lowered. Furthermore, for colorization, red, in the case of using a color filter formed by arranging two-dimensionally primary color filters of green and blue, for example, red pixels, except red light (light of green and blue) absorbing fraction by the color filters, the sensitivity is lowered. Further, when generating a respective color signals, from performing the interpolation processing between pixels, so-called false color is generated. Therefore, as described above, the imaging device with an improved reduction of sensitivity to obtain a three-color signal in one pixel has been developed.
However, in recent years, a solid further miniaturization has been achieved in the imaging device, further improvement in sensitivity is demanded. The sensitivity of the solid-state imaging device is greatly affected by the efficiency of exciton charge separation in bulk structure (exciton charge separation rate). Figure 10 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of the organic photoelectric conversion unit 200 having the photoelectric conversion layer 213 having a bulk structure. During the photoelectric conversion layer 213, p-type semiconductor layer 213a and the n-type semiconductor layer 213b are mixed. Light incident on the photoelectric conversion layer 213 (L) generates to excite the electrons in the organic molecules constituting the photoelectric conversion layer 213 singlet excitons. Singlet excitons, p-type semiconductor layer 213a and the n-type semiconductor layer 213b of the boundary diffused, i.e., when reaching the p / n junction plane, the holes and electrons by an internal electric field caused in the p / n junction plane door to charge separation. Holes of the generated charges, as shown in FIG. 10, the lower electrode 211 via a buffer layer 212 by p-type semiconductor, electrons, respectively to the upper electrode 215 via a buffer layer 214 by n-type semiconductor It is transported.
To improve the sensitivity of the solid-state imaging device, it is important to to improve the exciton charge separation rate increase photoelectric conversion efficiency. Generally, singlet excitons of the organic molecules returns to the ground state deactivated with 1 ns ~ 1 [mu] s. Therefore, in order to increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency is sufficiently shorter than the exciton lifetime, for example, it is preferable that exciton charge separation below 0.1ns is performed. Therefore, excitons charge separation rate of p / n junction plane is preferably at 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more.
Exciton charge separation rate is presumed to be related to molecular orientation of the p / n junction plane. However, since experimentally know the molecular orientation of the p / n junction plane it is difficult, research is proceeding around the theoretical simulation. In a typical theoretical studies, evaluation of excitons charge separation rate is performed in dimers consisting of p-type molecules and n-type molecules. However, the two in the dimer calculations, the influence of the surrounding molecules has not been considered, becomes different stable structure from the actual p / n junction plane, actually it is difficult to examine various molecular orientation present. Moreover, because it ignores the external reorganization energy and free energy by peripheral molecules, calculation accuracy of the exciton charge separation rate is low. Therefore, the molecular orientation of the p / n junction plane, the relationship between the exciton charge separation rate has not been clarified, a method of evaluating the exciton charge separation rate for realistic p / n interface structure with high precision It has been demanded.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the molecular orientation of the p / n junction plane is evaluated by performing a simulation, such as the relationship follows the exciton charge separation rate of p / n interface structure that is configured in multimolecular . First, a p-type semiconductor, for example, quinacridone (QD), as an n-type semiconductor, for example, employ a chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine (SubPc-Cl), as an initial structure, using the QD crystals and SubPc-Cl crystals. The QD crystals and SubPc-Cl crystal, each molecule is controlled orientation, each having (001) plane, the (010) plane, the crystal plane represented by the (100) plane. Incidentally, (001) plane of SubPc-Cl crystals, there are two types. Figure 11 is a diagram showing an molecular structure of SubPc-Cl in ball-models. SubPc-Cl molecule, as shown in FIG. 11 curved, for example, the B atom in the base, protrudes Cl atom in the Y-axis direction, in the opposite direction macrocyclic structure containing a N atom to the protruding direction of the Cl atoms having the structure. Here, the convex side surface (Cl atoms side) is exposed (001) A plane of the curved SubPc-Cl molecule, and concave side surfaces (the macrocyclic structure side) is exposed (001) B plane. In the present embodiment, the QD crystals (001) plane, (010) plane, (100) plane and, SubPc-Cl crystals (100) plane, (010) plane, (001) A plane, (001) B plane Check exciton charge separation rate of 12 kinds of p / n junction plane formed by the combination of. For information about creating a p / n junction plane simulated it will be described with reference to FIG. 12.
12 (A) shows the QD crystals (100) plane and, SubPc-Cl crystals (001) a theoretical interface structure formed by the B plane (p / n junction plane) those which schematically it is. The shape of SubPc-Cl molecule shown in FIG. 12 (A) and FIG. 12 (B) is a macrocycle curved portion that schematically shows. FIG. 12 (B) are those resulting interface structure by performing structural optimization calculated for the theoretical surface structure shown in FIG. 12 (A) schematically illustrates. Structural optimization calculation, the center dimer to be determined excitons charge separation physical rate (ball-and-stick display) in quantum mechanics, using OM / MM method for calculating near molecules (line display) in molecular mechanics . Interface structure obtained by structural optimization calculation, as shown in FIG. 12 (B), disturbance of the molecular orientation occurs in the vicinity of the interface, more realistic energetically stable interface structure (energy stable structure) going on. Thus, it is possible to evaluate the relationship between the molecular orientation of the p / n junction plane in consideration of the influence of the difficult was near molecules in the evaluation using only dimers described above, the exciton charge separation rate.
In this embodiment, as an example, to create 12 different interface structure between QD and SubPc-Cl using the methods described above, based on the exciton charge separation rate in these p / n junction plane in Marcus theory Te was determined. In Marcus theory, charge transfer coefficient between the initial state (state a) and final state (state b) is represented by the following formula (1).
ΔG and λ between the excited state, is calculated as follows. First, calculated singlet excited state to the first excited singlet state S1 ~ 10 excited singlet state S10, performs a structural optimization for each excited state, obtain energy stable structure. Then, to calculate the free energy by performing vibration calculated for a stable energy structure of each excited state. Thus, .DELTA.G and λ between the excited state is calculated. H ab is obtained by the generalized-Mulliken-Hush method.
Exciton charge separation rate of p / n junction surface between the QD and SubPc-Cl is the exciton generated within the QD (QD exciton) and SubPc-Cl generated within exciton (SubPc-Cl excitons ) both were asked about. Table 1 summarizes the exciton charge separation rate QD exciton and SubPc-Cl exciton in 12 kinds of p / n junction surface between the QD and SubPc-Cl calculated using equation (1) is there.
From Table 1, exciton charge separation rate largely depends on the combination of crystal faces of the QD and SubPc-Cl to form the interface structure (p / n junction plane), there is an interface structure having high exciton charge separation rate it was found to be. In particular, the combination of the crystal plane SubPc-Cl crystal plane of QD to form the p / n junction plane, (100) plane - (001) A plane, (100) plane - (001) B plane, (010 ) plane - (010) plane, (010) plane - (001) A plane, (010) plane - (001) B plane, (001) plane - (001) A plane, (001) plane - (001) B when a surface, it was found that 1 × 10 10 s-1 or more exciton charge separation ratio. If not controlled molecular orientation, since p / n junction plane is the combination of 12 kinds of Table 1 occurs at random, p / n with high exciton charge separation rate (1 × 10 10 s -1 or higher) the ratio of the bonding surface is about 7/12. In contrast, by controlling the molecular orientation of the p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor constituting the photoelectric conversion layer 22, in the layer, the ratio of p / n junction surface with high exciton charge separation rate 1 it is possible to increase as it approaches.
Above, in the present embodiment, the photoelectric conversion layer 22, an organic semiconductor material that functions as a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor, for example, after forming by using a coating method, heat treatment or pressure treatment, or a carried out both formed. Accordingly, molecular orientation of the organic semiconductor material in the photoelectric conversion layer 22 is controlled, increasing the ratio of p / n junction surface having a 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more high exciton charge separation rate. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved in the photoelectric conversion layer 22, it is possible to provide a highly sensitive imaging device.
Figure 13 illustrates a whole configuration of an image pickup apparatus (image pickup apparatus 1) using the imaging device 10 described in the above embodiments each pixel. The imaging device 1 is a CMOS image sensor, on the semiconductor substrate 30, and has a pixel portion 1a of the image pickup area, the peripheral area of ​​the pixel portion 1a, for example, a row scanning unit 131, the horizontal selection section 133, and a peripheral circuit portion 130 consisting of a column scanning unit 134 and a system control unit 132.
Pixel unit 1a is, for example, a matrix shape arranged two-dimensionally by a plurality of unit pixels P (corresponding to the image sensor 10). The units in the pixel P, for example, be a pixel drive line Lread for each pixel row (specifically row selection line and the reset control line) wiring are wired vertical signal line Lsig for each pixel column. Pixel drive line Lread is for transmitting a driving signal for reading a signal from the pixel. One end of the pixel drive line Lread is connected to an output terminal corresponding to each row of the row scanning section 131.
Row scanning unit 131 includes a shift register, an address decoder, and the like, each unit pixel P of the pixel portion 1a, for example, a pixel driving unit that drives line by line. Signal output from each unit pixel P of the pixel row selectively scanned by the row scanning unit 131 is supplied to the horizontal selection section 133 through each of the vertical signal line Lsig. Horizontal selection unit 133 is constituted by the amplifier and the horizontal selection switch or the like provided for each vertical signal line Lsig.
Column scanning unit 134 includes a shift register, an address decoder, and the like, and drives sequentially while scanning each horizontal selection switches of the horizontal selection section 133. The selective scanning by the column scanning unit 134, the signal of each pixel is transmitted through each of the vertical signal line Lsig is output to the horizontal signal line 135 sequentially, transmitted through the horizontal signal line 135 of the semiconductor substrate 30 to the outside .
Row scanning unit 131, the horizontal selection section 133, the circuit portion comprising the column scanning unit 134 and the horizontal signal line 135, which may be directly formed on the semiconductor substrate 30, or disposed outside the control IC it may be. Also, these circuits portions may be formed on another substrate which is connected by a cable or the like.
The system control unit 132, and a clock given from the outside of the semiconductor substrate 30 receives data or the like for instructing an operation mode, also, and outputs data such as internal information of the imaging apparatus 1. The system control unit 132 further includes a timing generator that generates various timing signals, based on various timing signals generated in the timing generator row scanning unit 131, such as the horizontal selection section 133 and the column scanning unit 134 It controls the driving of the peripheral circuit.
Imaging apparatus 1 described above, for example, can be applied and camera systems such as digital still cameras and video cameras, cellular phone having an imaging function, the electronic apparatus of any type having an imaging function. 14 shows as an example, a schematic structure of the electronic device 2 (camera). The electronic device 2 is, for example, a video camera can image a still image or a moving image, the imaging device 1, an optical system (optical lens) 310, and drives the shutter unit 311, the imaging device 1 and the shutter unit 311 a driving unit 313, and a signal processing unit 312.
Optics 310, and guides image light (incident light) from a subject to the pixel portion 1a of the image pickup apparatus 1. The optical system 310 may include a plurality of optical lenses. The shutter device 311 controls the light irradiation period and the light blocking period of the imaging device 1. Driver 313 is for controlling the shutter operation of the transfer operation and the shutter device 311 of the imaging apparatus 1. The signal processing unit 312, the signal output from the imaging device 1, and performs various kinds of signal processing. Image signal Dout after the signal processing is either stored in a storage medium such as a memory, or is output to a monitor or the like.
While there has been described by way of embodiments and application examples, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiment and the like, and various modifications may be made. For example, the configuration in the above embodiment, in which the imaging element (imaging device), an organic photoelectric conversion unit 20 for detecting the green light, blue light, inorganic photoelectric conversion section 32B for detecting a red light respectively, are stacked and 32R and it was, but the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to this structure. That is, it may be possible to detect the red light or blue light in the organic photoelectric conversion unit, may be detected green light in the inorganic photoelectric conversion part.
Also, the number and the ratio of the organic photoelectric conversion unit and the inorganic photoelectric conversion part may not be limited, it may be provided two or more organic photoelectric conversion unit, of a plurality of colors with only the organic photoelectric conversion portion it may be signal. Furthermore, not only the structure of laminating the organic photoelectric conversion unit and the inorganic photoelectric conversion part in the longitudinal direction, may be parallel along the substrate surface.
Furthermore, in the above embodiment has illustrated the configuration of the back-illuminated imaging device, the present disclosure is applicable to a surface-illuminated imaging device. In the imaging apparatus of the present disclosure (imaging device) need not be provided with all of the components described in the above embodiment, and may also include other layers reversed.
Moreover, the techniques of this disclosure, as well as the imaging element, it can be applied to, for example, solar cells.
Note that the effect described herein is not limited to a merely illustrative, and there may be other effects.
A first electrode and a second electrode disposed opposite,
With a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor, and a photoelectric conversion layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode,
The photoelectric conversion layer, the p-type semiconductor and n-type in p / n junction surface formed by the semiconductor 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more 1 × 10 16 s -1 following imaging device having an exciton charge separation rate .
The one is a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor, a quinacridone or quinacridone derivative, an imaging device according to (1).
The p-type one semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is a chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine or chlorinated boron-phthalocyanine derivatives, the imaging device according to (1) or (2).
The p-type one semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is pentacene or pentacene derivative, an imaging device according to (1) or (2).
The one is a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is benzo-thieno benzothiophene or benzothienopyridine benzothiophene derivative, an imaging device according to (1) or (2).
The p-type one semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is a fullerene or a fullerene derivative, the imaging device according to (1) or (2).
The photoelectric conversion layer contains a quinacridone, quinacridone derivatives, chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine, chlorinated boron-phthalocyanine derivatives, pentacene, pentacene derivatives, benzothienopyridine benzothiophene, thieno benzothiophene derivatives, fullerenes and fullerene derivatives of two or more, imaging device according to any one of (1) to (6).
The photoelectric conversion layer, a quinacridone or quinacridone derivative as the p-type semiconductor, include chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine or chlorinated boron-phthalocyanine derivatives as an n-type semiconductor,
The p / n junction plane, said quinacridone or said quinacridone derivative, as a combination of the crystal surface with the chlorinated boron-phthalocyanine or said chlorinated boron-phthalocyanine derivative (100) plane - (001) A plane, (100 ) plane - (001) B plane, (010) plane - (010) plane, (010) plane - (001) A plane, (010) plane - (001) B plane, (001) plane - (001) A plane, (001) plane - (001) comprising any of the B plane, the imaging element according to any one of (1) to (3).
An organic photoelectric conversion unit having one or more of the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the one or more inorganic photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of different wavelength ranges from the organic photoelectric conversion unit are stacked, the (1) imaging device according to any one of to (8).
The inorganic photoelectric conversion part may be buried in a semiconductor substrate,
The organic photoelectric conversion unit, the are formed on the first surface side of the semiconductor substrate, the imaging device according to (9).
The multilayer wiring layer on the second surface side of the semiconductor substrate is formed, the image pickup device according to (10).
The organic photoelectric conversion unit performs photoelectric conversion of the green light,
Inside the semiconductor substrate, an imaging according to the inorganic photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of the blue light, and the inorganic photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of the red light are stacked, the (10) or (11) element.
On the first electrode, and forming a photoelectric conversion layer comprising a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor,
On the photoelectric conversion layer, and forming a second electrode,
The photoelectric conversion layer, the p-type semiconductor and n-type in p / n junction surface formed by the semiconductor 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more 1 × 10 16 s -1 following imaging device having an exciton charge separation rate the method of production.
Heat treatment after forming the photoelectric conversion layer, the manufacturing method of the imaging device according to (13).
To pressure treatment after forming the photoelectric conversion layer, the manufacturing method of the imaging device according to (13).
After forming the photoelectric conversion layer, heat treatment and pressure treatment, a manufacturing method of an imaging device according to (13).
1 or more imaging elements comprising a plurality of pixels which are respectively provided,
The photoelectric conversion layer, the p-type semiconductor and n-type in p / n junction surface formed by the semiconductor 1 × 10 10 s -1 or more 1 × 10 16 s -1 or less of the imaging device with an exciton charge separation rate .
This application claims the priority on the basis of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-111096, filed on June 2, 2016 in the Japan Patent Office, the present application by reference all of the contents of this application incorporated.
The p-type one semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is a quinacridone or quinacridone derivative, an imaging device according to claim 1.
The p-type one semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is a chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine or chlorinated boron-phthalocyanine derivatives, the imaging device according to claim 1.
The p-type one semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is pentacene or pentacene derivative, an imaging device according to claim 1.
The p-type one semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is a benzo-thieno benzothiophene or benzothienopyridine benzothiophene derivative, an imaging device according to claim 1.
The p-type one semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is a fullerene or a fullerene derivative, the imaging device according to claim 1.
The photoelectric conversion layer contains a quinacridone, quinacridone derivatives, chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine, chlorinated boron-phthalocyanine derivatives, pentacene, pentacene derivatives, benzothienopyridine benzothiophene, thieno benzothiophene derivatives, fullerenes and fullerene derivatives of two or more, imaging device according to claim 1.
The p / n junction plane, said quinacridone or said quinacridone derivative, as a combination of the crystal surface with the chlorinated boron-phthalocyanine or said chlorinated boron-phthalocyanine derivative (100) plane - (001) A plane, (100 ) plane - (001) B plane, (010) plane - (010) plane, (010) plane - (001) A plane, (010) plane - (001) B plane, (001) plane - (001) A plane, (001) plane - (001) comprising any of the B plane, the imaging element of claim 1.
An organic photoelectric conversion unit having one or more of the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the one or more inorganic photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of different wavelength ranges are laminated to the organic photoelectric conversion unit, to claim 1 imaging device according.
The organic photoelectric conversion unit, the are formed on the first surface side of the semiconductor substrate, the imaging device according to claim 9.
The multilayer wiring layer on the second surface side of the semiconductor substrate is formed, the imaging device according to claim 10.
Wherein in the semiconductor substrate, and the inorganic photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of the blue light, and the inorganic photoelectric conversion unit that performs photoelectric conversion of the red light are stacked, the imaging device according to claim 10.
The heat treatment After the photoelectric conversion layer is formed, the manufacturing method of the imaging device according to claim 13.
To pressure treatment after forming the photoelectric conversion layer, the manufacturing method of the imaging device according to claim 13.
After forming the photoelectric conversion layer, heat treatment and pressure treatment, a manufacturing method of an imaging device according to claim 13.
PCT/JP2017/018343 2016-06-02 2017-05-16 Imaging element, method for producing imaging element, and imaging device WO2017208806A1 (en)
JP2016-111096 2016-06-02
JP2016111096 2016-06-02
WO2017208806A1 true true WO2017208806A1 (en) 2017-12-07
ID=60477431
PCT/JP2017/018343 WO2017208806A1 (en) 2016-06-02 2017-05-16 Imaging element, method for producing imaging element, and imaging device
WO (1) WO2017208806A1 (en)
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