Source: http://www.ussc.gov/guidelines/2015-guidelines-manual/archive/2007-2q21
Timestamp: 2016-07-27 17:16:24
Document Index: 498929969

Matched Legal Cases: ['§2', '§2', '§ 216', 'art 17', 'art 23', '§2', '§ 668', '§ 545', 'art 92', '§2', '§ 545']

2007 2q2_1 | United States Sentencing Commission
2007 2q2_1
2007 Federal Sentencing GuidelinesCHAPTER 2 - PART Q - OFFENSES INVOLVING THE ENVIRONMENT 2. CONSERVATION AND WILDLIFE§2Q2.1. Offenses Involving Fish, Wildlife, and Plants(a) Base Offense Level: 6(b) Specific Offense Characteristics
(1) If the offense (A) was committed for pecuniary gain or
otherwise involved a commercial purpose; or (B) involved a
pattern of similar violations, increase by 2 levels. (2) If the offense (A) involved fish, wildlife, or plants that
were not quarantined as required by law; or (B) otherwise
created a significant risk of infestation or disease
transmission potentially harmful to humans, fish, wildlife, or
plants, increase by 2 levels.
(A) If the market value of the fish, wildlife, or plants (i)
exceeded $2,000 but did not exceed $5,000, increase by 1 level;
or (ii) exceeded $5,000, increase by the number of levels from
the table in §2B1.1 (Theft, Property Destruction, and Fraud)
corresponding to that amount; or (B) If the offense involved (i) marine mammals that are listed as
depleted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (as set forth in
50 C.F.R. § 216.15); (ii) fish, wildlife, or plants that are
listed as endangered or threatened by the Endangered Species Act
(as set forth in 50 C.F.R. Part 17); or (iii) fish, wildlife, or
plants that are listed in Appendix I to the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna or Flora
(as set forth in 50 C.F.R. Part 23), increase by 4 levels.
(1) If the offense involved a cultural heritage resource, apply
§2B1.5 (Theft of, Damage to, or Destruction of, Cultural Heritage
Resources; Unlawful Sale, Purchase, Exchange, Transportation, or
Receipt of Cultural Heritage Resources), if the resulting offense
CommentaryStatutory Provisions: 16 U.S.C. §§ 668(a), 707(b), 1174(a),
1338(a), 1375(b), 1540(b), 3373(d); 18 U.S.C. §§ 545, 554. For
1. "For pecuniary gain" means for receipt of, or in anticipation
of receipt of, anything of value, whether monetary or in goods
or services. Thus, offenses committed for pecuniary gain
include both monetary and barter transactions. Similarly,
activities designed to increase gross revenue are considered to
be committed for pecuniary gain.
2. The acquisition of fish, wildlife, or plants for display to
the public, whether for a fee or donation and whether by an
individual or an organization, including a governmental entity, a
private non-profit organization, or a private for-profit
organization, shall be considered to involve a "commercial
3. For purposes of subsection (b)(2), the quarantine requirements
include those set forth in 9 C.F.R. Part 92, and 7 C.F.R. Chapter
III. State quarantine laws are included as well.
4. When information is reasonably available, "market value" under
subsection (b)(3)(A) shall be based on the fair-market retail
price. Where the fair-market retail price is difficult to
ascertain, the court may make a reasonable estimate using any
reliable information, such as the reasonable replacement or
restitution cost or the acquisition and preservation (e.g.,
taxidermy) cost. Market value, however, shall not be based on
measurement of aesthetic loss (so called "contingent valuation"
5. If the offense involved the destruction of a substantial
quantity of fish, wildlife, or plants, and the seriousness of the
offense is not adequately measured by the market value, an upward
6. For purposes of subsection (c)(1), "cultural heritage
resource" has the meaning given that term in Application Note 1
of the Commentary to §2B1.5 (Theft of, Damage to, or Destruction
of, Cultural Heritage Resources; Unlawful Sale, Purchase,
Exchange, Transportation, or Receipt of Cultural Heritage
Background: This section applies to violations of the Endangered
Species Act, the Bald Eagle Protection Act, the Migratory Bird
Treaty, the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act, the Fur Seal Act, the Lacey Act,
and to violations of 18 U.S.C. §§ 545 and 554 if the smuggling
activity involved fish, wildlife, or plants. Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective
January 15, 1988 (see Appendix C, amendment 41); November 1, 1989
(see Appendix C, amendments 209 and 210); November 1, 1991 (see Appendix C, amendment 407); November 1, 1992 (see Appendix C,
amendment 452); November 1, 1995 (see Appendix C, amendment 534);
November 1, 2001 (see Appendix C, amendment 617); November 1,
2002 (see Appendix C, amendment 638); November 1, 2007 (see Appendix C, amendment 700). USSC HelpLine