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4049_1 | Heat Treating | Structural Steel
IS : 4049 (Part 1) - 1988
(Reaffirmed 1999) Edition 3.1 (1996-08)
UDC 621.642.34+621.642-986
SPECIFICATION FOR FORMED ENDS FOR TANKS AND PRESSURE VESSELS
Chemical Engineering Sectional Committee, EDC 57; Crushing and Grinding Equipment Subcommittee, EDC 57 : 4 [Ref : Doc : EDC 57 (3841)]
BASED ON OUTSIDE DIAMETER
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1) 1. Scope — Specifies the profile dimensions, and technical delivery conditions of dished and flanged, pressed or spun ends designed on the basis of outside diameter commonly used as end closures of pressure vessels, receivers, tanks and similar equipments. 1.1 Where the ends have reinforced or flanged-in manholes, it is recommended that they are made to the same geometric shape as the plain ends. 2. Types and Ends — The ends shall conform to one of the following shapes. 2.1 Deep dished and flanged ends with an internal height of dishing h approximately equal to one-quarter of the inside flange diameter d1 for pressure vessels, either: a) of semi-ellipsoidal shape with the inner contour of a true ellipse having an axis ratio of 2 : 1 with outside diameter as given in Table 1, or b) of torispherical shape ( see Table 1 ). 2.2 Dished and flanged ends with an internal height of dishing h1 slightly less than one-fifth of the inside flange diameter d1 suitable for pressure vessels ( see Table 2 ). 2.3 Shallow dished and flanged ends ( see Table 3 ) for tanks and other non-pressure vessels.
Note 1 — IS : 2825-1969 ‘Code for unfired pressure vessels’ specifies that in the case of dished and flanged ends, the inside radius of dishing (knuckle radius) shall preferably be not less than 10 percent of the inside diameter and in no case less than 6 percent of the inside diameter or three times the thickness, whichever is more (Tables 1 and 2). Note 2 — In the case of ends of partial spherical form, the internal height of dishing h1 and external height of dishing h0 can be determined as follows: D1 D1 h1 = R1 –  R 1 – ------  ×  R 1 + ------ – 2r 1    2   2 h 0 = R0 – D0  R – ------  ×  R + D 0 – 2r  0   0 2   0 -----2
where D0 and D1 = outer and inner diameters of dished ends respectively, R0 and R1 = outer and inner crown radii respectively, and r0 and r1 = outer and inner corner (knuckle) radii respectively.
3. Dimensions 3.1 Flange and Dishing Diameter — The outside diameter, the crown radius and inside knuckle radius shall conform to the requirements of Tables 1 to 3. 3.2 Thickness — Minimum thickness is the thickness measured at the thinnest point after manufacture of the dished ends. Nominal thickness is the thickness of the plate used in manufacturing of the dished end. The minimum thickness shall be supplied by the purchaser based on internal/external pressure and other design loading inclusive of corrosion/erosion allowances according to IS : 2825-1969. For non-pressure vessels and tanks, the minimum thickness shall be as agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 3.3 Length of the Straight Flange — The length of the straight flange shall not be less than three times the end thickness with a minimum of 38 mm, unless otherwise agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 3.4 Tolerances — The ends shall be true to shape within the following limits, unless more stringent tolerances are specified by the purchaser. Adopted 18 April 1988 © BIS 2002 Price Group 3
1.1988 3.2 Circularity — The difference between the maximum and the minimum outside diameters of the straight flange shall not exceed one percent of the inside diameter and shall. whichever is higher at the point where the knuckle radius r1 joins the straight portion of the flange end. the thinning is permissible up to a maximum of 40 percent of the nominal thickness of the major axis and 15 percent of the nominal thickness on the minor axis.4 Profile — The depth of dishing ( h1 or h0 ) shall not be less than the theoretical depth by 5 percent of inside diameter nor shall this depth be exceeded by more than 1. in no case. be greater than D 1 + 1 250 mm .25 percent 3. Outside Diameter D0 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 1 100 1 200 1 300 1 400 1 500 1 600 1 700 1 800 1 900 Crown Radius R1 240 280 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 880 960 1 040 1 120 1 200 1 290 1 360 1 480 1 520 Inside Knuckle Radius r1 50 60 60 80 100 125 125 150 150 175 200 200 250 250 250 300 300 300 Length of Straight Flange SF Outside Diameter D0 2 000 2 100 2 200 2 300 2 400 2 600 2 800 3 000 3 200 3 400 3 600 3 800 4 000 4 250 4 500 4 750 5 000 Crown Radius R1 1 600 1 680 1 760 1 840 1 920 2 080 2 240 2 400 2 560 2 640 2 880 3 040 3 200 3 400 3 600 3 800 4 000 Inside Knuckle Radius r1 300 350 350 350 400 400 450 450 500 600 600 600 600 700 700 800 800 Length of Straight Flange SF See 3. 3. the thickness in the straight portion of the flange may increase and this shall not exceed 15 percent of the nominal thickness of the plate.4. A similar gradual thinning is permissible for ends of semi-ellipsoidal shape.4.4.3 Note — For h1 see Note 2 under 2.3 Thickness — From the point where the crown radius R1 joins the knuckle radius r1. Thickness of thinnest point of dished end shall not be less than the minimum thickness specified in the order. Due to gathering of material.3 and 3. Note — Where dished ends are provided with flanges in man-holes.3.1 ) All dimensions in millimetres.25 percent of the outside diameter D0 of the end.IS : 4049 (Part 1) .4. 2.1 Circumference — The outside circumference of the straight flange of the finished end shall not depart from the circumference calculated from the outside diameter by more than the values given below: Outside diameter up to and including 400 mm : ± 5 mm Outside diameter over 400 mm : ± 0. a gradual thinning is permissible up to a maximum of 10 percent of the thickness or 2 mm. 3.3 See 3. ---------------------------------------200 TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS FOR DEEP DISHED AND FLANGED END (TORISPHERICAL) ( Clauses 2. 2 .
5. 5. laminations and other surface cracks shall be completely removed by grinding or any other suitable method.1988 TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS FOR DISHED AND FLANGED ENDS (TORISPHERICAL) ( Clauses 2. 5. low alloy steel.1 Heat-Treated Condition — The dished ends shall be delivered in the heat-treated condition depending upon the process of dishing.1 ) All dimensions in millimetres. depressions or elongated grooves usually developed during dishing are permissible so long as these depressions are not sharp and their depth is within the tolerance limits specified on the plate.2 Workmanship — Descaling shall be carried out to measure the dimensions and to carry out visual inspection.3 Note — For h1 see Note 2 under 2. 5.2 Where depressions exceed the tolerance limits. Heat-treated condition of dished end is a subject of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.2.3 and 3. 3 .2. 4. alloy steel or non-ferrous metal. specified on the plate.3.3 The heat-treatment and radiography requirements shall be according to IS : 2825-1969. Outside Diameter D0 Crown Radius R1 Inside Knuckle Radius r1 30 40 40 50 60 75 80 100 100 125 125 150 150 150 175 175 200 200 Length of Straight Flange SF Outside Diameter D0 Crown Radius R1 Inside Knuckle Radius r1 200 250 250 250 250 300 300 300 350 350 400 400 400 450 450 500 500 Length of Straight Flange SF 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 1 100 1 200 1 300 1 400 1 500 1 600 1 700 1 800 1 900 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 1 100 1 200 1 300 1 400 1 500 1 600 1 700 1 800 1 900 See 3. 5. 2.3 2 000 2 100 2 200 2 300 2 400 2 600 2 800 3 000 3 200 3 400 3 600 3 800 4 000 4 250 4 500 4 750 5 000 2 000 2 100 2 200 2 300 2 400 2 600 2 800 3 000 3 200 3 400 3 600 3 800 4 000 4 250 4 500 4 750 5 000 See 3. Technical Delivery Conditions — The following details regarding technical delivery conditions for dished ends shall be included. such depressions shall be removed by grinding or by welding by an approved welding procedure with the permission of the purchaser. Material — The material of construction shall be carbon steel. temperature of dishing and the material specification. 5.IS : 4049 (Part 1) .1 Projection. Hammering of surface defects is not permitted. Sharp grooves. The exact specification shall be specified by the purchaser in his purchase order. Dished ends shall be free of any injurious defects.2.2.
1988 TABLE 3 DIMENSIONS FOR DEEP DISHED AND FLANGED ENDS FOR TANKS AND NON-PRESSURE VESSELS ( Clauses 2. samples taken from dished ends after the final heat-treatment shall be subjected to mechanical test for tensile strength. where necessary (for low temperature applications). b) Openings cut-out for nozzles. c) Minimum thickness. b) Type of dished end. and e) Brand/trade name of manufacturer. 6. impact.3 and 3.1 ) All dimensions in millimetres. 4 . and c) Separate test plates from the same melt and heat number subjected to simulation similar to the dished ends.3 2 300 2 400 2 600 2 800 3 000 3 200 3 400 3 600 3 800 4 000 4 250 4 500 4 750 5 000 3 300 3 300 3 300 3 500 3 600 4 000 4 000 5 000 5 000 5 000 5 500 5 500 5 500 5 500 See 3. and may be one of the following: a) Extended portions cut out from the straight flange. Table 4 Deleted 5. and bend tests as specified in the relevant specification for the plate material. Marking — The dished ends shall be marked with the following: a) Outside diameter. Outside Diameter D0 Crown Radius R1 Inside Knuckle Radius r1 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Length of Straight Flange SF Outside Diameter D0 Crown Radius R1 Inside Knuckle Radius r1 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 60 Length of Straight Flange SF 900 1 000 1 100 1 200 1 300 1 400 1 500 1 600 1 700 1 800 1 900 2 000 2 100 2 200 950 1 200 1 400 1 500 1 700 1 700 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 400 2 600 2 800 3 000 3 300 See 3.3 Testing of Dished Ends for Material Quality — To ensure that the material properties are not impaired during the manufacture of the dished ends.1 Standard Marking — Details available with the Bureau of Indian Standards.3. 6. d) Material of construction.3 Note — For h1 see Note 2 under 2.IS : 4049 (Part 1) . The location of test plates shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
5) Minimum and nominal thickness of the dished end. while Part 2 covers that as inside diameter basis. 7) Length of straight flange. 10) Any inspection or survey requirements. if required. Since the formed ends are designated either on outside diameter basis or inside diameter basis. 9) Special requirements for the welded joints in an end made from more than one plate. The information to be supplied by the purchaser with enquiry or order is given in Appendix A. The Part 1 of this standard covers formed ends on outside diameter basis. 6) Radiography and any other non-destructive testing. receivers and similar equipments. and d) Conical. 1 (August 1996).1 incorporates Amendment No. 2) Outside diameter of the dished ends. and dished and flanged ends deeper than those specified in this standard. This edition 3.IS : 4049 (Part 1) . therefore. 5 . This standard. first published in 1968. 4) Method of heat treatment. IS : 2825-1969 specifies any one of the following shapes for the ends: a) Hemispherical. But these shapes are considered ‘special’ and have not. APPENDIX A (Explanatory Note) The purchaser shall supply the following information to the manufacturer with the enquiry or order: 1) Type of end required.1988 EXPLANATORY NOTE Formed ends are used as end closures for pressure vessels. A material clause. b) Semi-ellipsoidal. In this specification. and heat-treatment and radiography requirement have been included in the revision. c) Dished and flanged. been included. if required. Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment. was revised in 1971 to reduce the number of varieties of dished ends. and dished and flanged ends are covered. the standard has been revised again and made in 2 parts. 3) Material of construction of the dished end. 8) Whether the flange is to be machined and welded portions required. and 11) Man-hole or any connection details. only semi-ellipsoidal. The code for unfired pressure vessels (IS : 2825-1969) also permits deeper or slightly shallower semiellipsoidal ends.
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